|Studio album by|
|Released||20 January 2015|
|Björk studio album chronology|
Deluxe edition cover
Vulnicura is the eighth[nb 1] studio album by Icelandic musician and singer Björk. It was produced by Björk, Arca and The Haxan Cloak, and released on 20 January 2015 by One Little Indian Records. Björk said the album expresses her feelings before and after her breakup with American contemporary artist Matthew Barney and the healing process.
Vulnicura was originally scheduled for release in March 2015, in conjunction with the Björk: Archives book and an exhibition about Björk's career at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City; following an internet leak, it was released digitally two months early. No singles were released to promote the album but a series of innovative music videos were created, culminating in the 360-degree virtual reality exhibit Björk Digital. Vulnicura received widespread acclaim from critics, with many considering it one of her most honest and personal albums as well as her best output in a decade.
The companion album Vulnicura Strings was released on 6 November 2015. It features strings-only interpretations of the Vulnicura tracks and utilizes an instrument designed by Leonardo da Vinci called the viola organista. By October 2015, the album had sold 250,000 copies worldwide.
After completing the tour for her previous project Biophilia (2011), which featured a series of apps and instruments created especially for the live show, Björk expressed interest in using the same instruments for her next project. She told The Independent: "I happen to know some of the best app programmers in the world, and I have the instruments I can just plug straight into the iPad and play whatever I have. So it seems kind of natural to work on an album where I don't have three years of prepping. But at the same time, it is a kind of extreme project."
In May 2013, Björk told the San Francisco Bay Guardian that she was in the early stages of a new album. In the same month, she told the San Francisco Chronicle she had "enough songs that I'm ready to see the next thing".
Venezuelan producer Arca co-produced Vulnicura. Björk approached Arca after her manager sent her Arca's mixtape &&&&& (2013); Arca then DJ'ed at Björk's Biophilia Tour afterparty and the two started working together afterwards. Björk was not aware of Arca's work with Kanye West and FKA twigs (on Yeezus and EP2, 2013) but she soon appreciated it along with Arca's knowledge of her own discography. Arca described working with Björk, which she refers as a musical inspiration, as "healing", and said: "The way she exists as a human is a big influence on the way I exist as a human."
On 7 October 2014, Björk announced on her Facebook page that she would not attend the British premiere of her concert film Björk: Biophilia Live at the BFI London Film Festival because she was too busy working on the album, and confirmed a 2015 release date. British musician and producer The Haxan Cloak announced on Twitter on 6 January 2015 that he had worked on the album, calling the collaboration "an honour".
On 14 January 2015, Björk posted a handwritten note on her Facebook page announcing the album's title, Vulnicura, its track list and a March 2015 release date.Vulnicura means "Cure for Wounds" (Vulnus + Cura) in Latin, and Björk described it as "a more traditional album than Biophilia for what concerns songwriting. It's about what may come to a person at the end of a relationship. It talks about the dialogues we may have in our heads and in our hearts, the healing processes."
The album is primarily composed of string arrangements and electronic beats, as a return to the sound Björk pursued on her 1997 album Homogenic. In an interview with Pitchfork, Björk exposed how working on string arrangements served as a way to keep her mind busy after her breakup: "The only way I could deal with that was to start writing for strings; I decided to become a violin nerd and arrange everything for 15 strings and take a step further."
The involvement of Arca came in late stages of the writing process, which Björk described as "such a contrast, the most fun music-making I've ever had, with the most tragic subject matter [...] I just sat next to [Arca] for weeks, and we did the whole album. It's the quickest I've ever worked [...] It's one of those crazy things in life where people from opposite ends meet, and you've got so much to teach each other."
On 18 January 2015, just days after being publicly announced, and two months ahead of its scheduled release, a supposed full version of the album leaked online. At the time, no official release date or cover art was confirmed, nor was Anohni's featured participation in "Atom Dance". The illegal leak was compared to the one that happened to Madonna and her album Rebel Heart, whose several songs in their demo form were leaked online during late 2014.
The album's release date was pushed up to 20 January, becoming available as a digital download.
The artwork was designed by longtime collaborators M/M (Paris). The digital cover was photographed by also longtime collaborators Inez and Vinoodh: "She said she wanted to have a wound on her body, on her heart area, in an abstract way [...] Imagine you're Mata Hari, a seductress, but you're wounded, and there is an incredibly alluring softness around you." On the cover, Björk wears a black latex suit, a wound on her chest and a headpiece made of quills, which she already wore during the last stages of her Biophilia Tour. Björk clarified that, during the time in between the two albums, the Vulnicura cover character started surfacing. The main color of the artwork is yellow, since Björk links this color to the "healing" process. The photo shoot was filmed and transformed into a music video to accompany the album track "Lionsong".
For the physical release, a second cover art was made by Andrew Thomas Huang. In the deluxe edition, the artwork comes in the shape of an acetate slipcase. This artwork was also transformed into a short music video for the track "Family".
To coincide with all of Björk's previous albums being reissued on limited edition colored vinyl for the MoMA retrospective, Vulnicura was later issued in a limited run of double neon yellow LPs.
Being the follow-up to Biophilia after more than three years, Vulnicura's release was highly anticipated. Online music publications like Music Times,Time Out,FasterLouder,Gigwise,FACT,Dazed Digital,Pitchfork and Billboard included it in their list of the most anticipated albums of 2015, with Stereogum and Diffuser.fm ranking it as the tenth and seventh most anticipated album of 2015, respectively.DIY listed the upcoming release as one of the eleven reasons to get excited about 2015, while NME included Björk in their list of 40 most anticipated comebacks for 2015.
Although not initially intended, the album was included in the Björk retrospective exhibition at the MoMA. Music videos for the tracks "Lionsong" and "Black Lake" were premiered there. The video for "Stonemilker" premiered at MoMA PS1 on 22 March.
On 17 December 2015, Björk appeared on the podcast Song Exploder (Episode 60) where she detailed the creation of Vulnicura's opening track, "Stonemilker". "It's about someone who's trying to get emotions out of another person," she said. "I think it's equally hard for all of us and we're just all doing our best but I think there's also a choice. Do you want to try and then maybe fail half of the time and then succeed half of the time or whatever your odds are? Or is it your choice to not even try?" On the creation of the song: "I was walking on a beach, and I was kind of walking back and forth and the lyrics kind of came along kind of without me really editing them.... (They're) probably the most obvious lyrics I've ever written. I actually wrote a whole other lyric to this song, which was really maybe a bit too clever for its own good but something in me said, 'No, don't touch it. It has to be, like, almost clumsy or naive.' That's sort of the strength and weakness of the song at the same time." When talking about the string arrangements for "Stonemilker", Björk said, "For me it was very important... that the strings were kind of cyclical; this chord cycle that kind of gives you this feeling it can go on and on in circles and gives you this feeling of equilibrium. Like the person who's singing this song is showing some sort of harmony to someone as an example... I had 30 players, and then I would do 2 sets of arrangements so basically there are, in theory, 60 because it needed that sort of panoramic feeling to have that sort of smooth, cream-like perfection." On her collaboration with beat maker and co-producer Arca, "... it was very obvious that song was very simple so we didn't really need a crazy beat thing going on. It just had to be really supportive of the song, and almost acoustic like it's a symphony orchestra playing and the beat would come from the kettledrum or something. You know? Like a very soft support which Alejandro (Arca) provided."
The first video produced for Vulnicura was "Black Lake", directed by Andrew Thomas Huang who previously collaborated with Björk on Biophilia's "Mutual Core" video in 2012. It was announced that the video would debut at MoMA's Björk retrospective in March 2015 in an elaborate video installation. A trailer for the retrospective premiered on the MoMA's YouTube channel on 13 February 2015. The trailer is a single shot of a nude Björk lying on a black dirt field with her body literally split in half, while the official video has her walking through a black Icelandic cave in an original Iris Van Herpen dress. In explaining the evolution of the "Black Lake" video project, Björk said, "I think me and Andrew kept wanting the song to be rawer and rawer and more and more without special effects: to go totally "Ingmar Bergman" on it. So the "book cover" ended up being a book cover....." While the MoMA "Black Lake" installation consisted of 2 screens showcasing complementary edits of the 10-minute video, the final music video version, which debuted on Dazed Digital on 10 June 2015, is a composite of both videos. The Haxan Cloak, who co-produced the Vulnicura track "Family", created a special mix of the song to accompany the video.
To celebrate the opening of the MoMA show and the upcoming physical release of the album, Björk announced on Facebook the "Stonemilker" 360-degree virtual reality music video. It utilized the Oculus Rift, a VR head-mounted display, and featured her on the same Icelandic beach where she originally wrote the song. The video premiered at MoMA's sister location, the MoMA PS1 on 22 March and was briefly made available to customers of the record shop Rough Trade in London and Brooklyn, NY who purchased the physical album. The VR head-set version of the video featured a strings only mix of the song. Bjork explained, "I had recorded the strings with a clip-on mike on each instrument. We have made a different mix where we have fanned this in an intimate circle around the listener." It was later released as a 360-degree YouTube video on 6 June 2015 featuring the original album mix.
Also, at the Cinema room of the MoMA retrospective, as part of Björk's videography, the "Lionsong" video was premiered by surprise. The video, directed by the Dutch creative duo Inez & Vinoodh, directors of Björk's "Hidden Place" and "Moon" videos, was later made available to the general public through Noisey. "Lionsong" was conceived of spontaneously during the Vulnicura album cover photo shoot.
On 16 March 2015, the day of Vulnicura's physical release, a "moving album cover" video premiered online featuring the CGI character of the deluxe edition artwork created by Huang. Björk conceived of the video, which is set to a condensed edit of the track "Family", as the completion of the "Black Lake" video. Huang explained, "She came back to me because she (felt) that (what was shown in Black Lake) was only 50% of that character, and that there's another 50% of this persona that she's been in for this past year-and-a-half to two years, that is much more positive and resolved in itself."
In December 2015, the music video for "Mouth Mantra" - directed by Arca's longtime collaborator Jesse Kanda - was revealed. Much of the video takes place inside Björk's mouth with the help of hi-tech mouth models and a special camera. And, like "Stonemilker", the video will soon be made available for 360-degree viewing.
On 4 June 2016, the virtual reality video for the song "Notget" debuted at the Carriageworks Festival in Sydney, Australia for the premiere of the VR exhibition Björk Digital. As Björk Digital traveled the world, new videos would debut, such as "Quicksand" in October 2016 at Montreal and a full VR version of "Family" in November 2016 in Reykjavik.
On 3 April 2017, the 2D version of the VR video for "Notget" debuted on YouTube. "Quicksand" and the full version of "Family" have not premiered in 2d or VR online and are only available to view at Björk Digital though in an interview with Starpro in Mexico, Björk revealed there are still plans to offer the full "Vulnicura VR" experience for download on mobile devices. She also revealed no further VR videos are being planned, meaning the songs "History of Touches" and "Atom Dance" will not receive accompanying music videos.
On 20 May 2017, Björk upload a 10-second preview clip to Facebook of surprise brand new 2d music video for "Notget" , directed by long-time collaborators Warren du Preez and Nick Thornton, which debuted in full in the cinema room of Björk Digital in Los Angeles. The full video was made available 2 days after the VR exhibit closed in LA, debuting online at Creators, VICE's arts and culture platform, on 6 June 2017. Speaking to the website, co-director Thornton said, "Björk definitely wanted more of a claustrophobic, confined environment, and to then be able to switch that up. The switch to elation was very much driven by how she wants to see things." Added du Preez, "We made the decision to submerge it into almost what we almost call an inner earth or into a place that could house that decay and bruising."
While videos were made for the above songs to promote the album, no official single was released.
On 9 July 2015, Dazed Digital unveiled the first of a 3 part series of Vulnicura remixes. Series 1 features the first of two Lotic remixes of the track "Notget" (the Keptsafe version), a "Family" remix by Katie Gately, a remix of "History of Touches" by Krampfhaft, and a remix of "Lionsong" by Mica Levi. Levi explained her karaoke-inspired version: "I did a karaoke version more than a remix, because I love her string arrangements and thought it would be an opportunity to draw attention to them."
The second series debuted on 22 July and features a Choral mix of "Lionsong" created by Björk herself. She sampled an early track by UNTOLD and utilized the Icelandic female choir Graduale Nobili, which had previously performed on Björk's Biophilia. The 2nd wave also includes "History of Touches", the Rabit Naked Mix, and The Haxan Cloak's remix of "Mouth Mantra". The Haxan Cloak co-produced and mixed Vulnicura, and stated, "When it came time to start thinking about prepping for the live shows, Björk asked me if there were any songs I'd like to remix for playing live - instantly I thought of (Mouth Mantra). I wanted to keep the core of the song but just really amp up the drama and intensity to 11... I then decided to refine the live remix for a more studio/headphone listening environment, so that's what you hear now." A fourth remix, Lotic's Fromdeath version of "Notget" was later released as a vinyl exclusive mix.
The final Vulnicura remix series debuted on 2 October and features 4 new remixes: "Black Lake" and "Family" remixes by Bloom, "Lionsong", the Juliana Huxtable Remix, and "Stonemilker", the Patten Rework. Björk capped off the Vulnicura remix series by stating, "I would like to thank especially Robin Carolan for co-curating this with me. Its been such a pleasure!!!" in a note published on Dazed with the 3rd wave's digital release.
Eventually all 12 remixes were released on vinyl through One Little Indian in 12 limited edition single-sided etched translucent 12" records in die-cut sleeves. The 3rd vinyl remix series was released on 20 November 2015. Each vinyl single managed to chart on the Official Charts Company Physical Singles and Vinyl Singles Sales in the UK. On the physical single chart "History of Touches" peaked at #20, "Mouth Mantra" peaked at #30, "Black Lake" peaked at #31, "Stonemilker" at #35, "Family" at #18 and the highest peaking "Lionsong" at #12. On the vinyl singles chart "History of Touches" peaked at #12, "Mouth Mantra" at #16, "Black Lake" at #17, "Stonemilker" at #21, "Lionsong" at #10, and "Family" at #13.
On 6 November 2015, Vulnicura Strings (Vulnicura: The Acoustic Version - Strings, Voice and Viola Organista Only), or simply Vulnicura Strings, was released, featuring eight of Vulnicura nine tracks in strings only renditions in what has been described as a more uncompromising and intimate take on Vulnicura. It features the same vocals as the studio album but without the beats of co-producers Arca and The Haxan Cloak. The album includes additional string arrangements by Una Sveinbjarnardóttir, who was a part of the Icelandic String Octet that joined Björk on stage for her 1998 Homogenic Tour, as well as alternate takes of string arrangements recorded during Vulnicura original recording sessions that Björk felt were more appropriate for the far more delicate atmosphere of Vulnicura Strings. Additionally, several songs utilize the Viola Organista, a unique instrument designed by Leonardo da Vinci but built for the first time centuries later by the Polish musician S?awomir Zubrzycki.
Björk stated on her Facebook page, "While I was working on Vulnicura, it became one of the most magical thing(s) both musically and spiritually to unite the electronics and the acoustic instruments in an almost romantic way: to prove they can coexist!!... But while working on it I felt somehow for the first time, this was an album that could take another version: a reveal, to simply have the acoustics stand on their own for the folks who wanna indulge even further into the wooden timeless side of this music. With no techno." This project is Björk's first completely acoustic studio album.
On 7 January 2015, Björk was announced as one of the performers of the 2015 Governors Ball. It was her first confirmed appearance since the conclusion of the Biophilia Tour and her first concert in New York City since 2012. On 16 January 2015, she confirmed the upcoming Vulnicura Tour by announcing six dates through March and April in New York, where she performed at the Stern Auditorium at Carnegie Hall and the New York City Center. She later added 2 shows at Brooklyn's Kings Theatre sandwiched in between the Carnegie Hall and City Center shows.
On 8 August 2015, Björk officially announced the abrupt end of the Vulnicura Tour, stating, "These have truly been some of my most sublime moments!! Singing this album has been intense and the internal clock of it different to the other ones. It has sort of had to behave in its own little way. Both the urgency of the leak and now this sudden closure for reasons beyond my control is characteristic of that. I hope through the years I have earned enough tourkarma points to get your support for this." She added, "I have started writing new songs and feel the best most natural pathway to go is to let this beast flow its natural course and start anew." Four upcoming shows were cancelled, making the Vulnicura Tour her first concert not to travel to her native Iceland.
Björk did not do any televised or radio performances to promote Vulnicura and none of the 16 Vulnicura Tour shows are known to have been taped, marking it the only tour of her career not be documented visually.
On 21 September 2016 Björk gave her first of 6 acoustic-only live concerts, beginning at the Royal Albert Hall in London and ending at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles. These shows follow the format of the original Vulnicura Tour with the first six songs from the album performed uninterrupted with the second half of the show featuring mostly songs from her back catalogue. Other stops on the brief acoustic tour included Iceland and Mexico City. She performed electronic sets at festivals at the same time, including FYF Fest in Downtown LA and Ceremonia in Toulca, Mexico.
The visual aesthetics of Vulnicura were marked with masks, prominently made by James T. Merry.
On 31 May 2016, Björk announced on her official Facebook page Björk Digital, an 18-month world traveling VR experience that debuted at Carriageworks in Sydney, Australia, on 3 June 2016. The VR music video for Vulnicura's final narrative track, "Notget" debuted at the festival, which also showcased the VR videos for "Stonemilker" and "Mouth Mantra", the latter of which also debuting in VR after premiering months earlier in 2D on YouTube in December 2015. On 27 June 2016, Björk made history by appearing in the first ever virtual reality live stream. Broadcast on YouTube, she performed Vulnicura's final song, "Quicksand", before a small audience and the footage was incorporated into the "Quicksand" VR music video later on during Björk Digital's.
In addition to the VR experience, attendees of Björk Digital experienced a recreation of the "Black Lake" installation, which debuted at MoMA's Björk retrospective in March 2015. Other carryovers from MoMA included the Cinema Room showcasing the majority of her music videos in HD and the Biophilia app, although the innovative instruments from that 2011 album were not on display at Björk Digital.
The opening nights of Björk Digital in Sydney saw Björk DJ for 5 hours. This opening night party continued at the Miraikan in Tokyo, Japan, for the second leg of the Björk Digital VR experience and at several other opening night dates. For select dates in London, Reykjavik, Mexico City and Los Angeles, Björk performed special orchestral concerts rather than DJing to promote the VR exhibit.
In June 2017, "Notget VR" won Cannes Lions Grand Prix Award for its "Real Time Virtual Reality Experience". It was also nominated for an UK Music Video Award for Best Interactive Video in 2017.
On 24 September 2018, Music Week published an interview with Andrew Melchior, technical adviser on Björk Digital, where he said that the full Vulnicura VR album will be out before Christmas 2018 via One Little Indian and will be available across all VR platforms. On 6 September 2019, Vulnicura VR album was released on Steam but besides the Steam platform, no announcements for other platforms were made. The VR album features all tracks with exception of 'History of Touches' and 'Atom Dance.'
On 22 October 2015, record shop Rough Trade announced an exclusive release entitled Vulnicura Live, a collection of 14 songs selected and mixed by Björk that were recorded throughout her 2015 Vulnicura Tour. The 2xCD and 2xLP sets are limited to 1000 copies per format and available exclusively through Rough Trade. The CD edition was released on 13 November 2015 and comes with 4 photo prints in a clear plastic sleeve. The LP set consisted of 2 picture discs and was released on 20 November 2015, 2 weeks ahead of its originally announced date of December 4.
Both sets sold out online in less than a week but limited quantities of both formats were available at Rough Trade shops throughout London and Brooklyn, NY on release date. The first 100 people to preorder the vinyl received a wristband that got them into a special DJ set with Björk and Arca at the Rough Trade East store in London. The event took place on Halloween night, 2015.
On 15 July 2016, a standard "commercial" release of Vulnicura Live was released by One Little Indian featuring 13 of the same tracks as the Rough Trade exclusive (excluding "All Neon Like") on both CD and 2xLP sets, as well as a Luxury Edition Boxset featuring both formats and extras in September 2016.
|The A.V. Club||B+|
|The Daily Telegraph|||
|Los Angeles Times|||
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2015)
Vulnicura received widespread acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 87 out of 100, which indicates "universal acclaim" based on 40 reviews. Many critics have referred to it as her best work in the last decade and the boldest move after 2011's Biophilia. It has also been compared stylistically to her critically acclaimed albums Homogenic and Vespertine.
Praise has centered around the "emotional honesty and musical daring" used to portray the album's deeply personal themes. The lyrics have been described as some of her "strongest and most moving" and Björk's voice "miraculously expressive". On the less positive side, longtime music critic Robert Christgau claimed, "I always thought she was too lifelike for him anyway." He cited "Stonemilker" and "Atom Dance" as standout tracks.
Rough Trade named it their album of the year for 2015, calling it "a truly extraordinary work of art" and describing Björk herself as "an inspirational game-changer, someone we hugely respect and admire."
Consequence of Sound named it in their list, "Highest Rated Albums of 2015", at number twenty-one, whilst Vice named Vulnicura the 38th best album of 2015, calling it an "interactive art piece".
The album was described as "brave, beautiful and affecting" by NME and was positioned at number twenty-five on their "Albums of the Year 2015" list.
Cosmopolitan ranked it at number eight on their "The 15 Best Albums of 2015" year-end survey, commenting that the album is "downright uplifting".
Newsday called the album "a singular artistic work to stand against other 'breakup albums' for years to come" and it made it to number thirteen on their "Best Albums of 2015" list.
It also appeared on the "Albums That Defined 2015" list by Chart Attack.
Björk won the International Female Solo Artist at the Brit Awards; this was her 5th prize at the annual ceremony.
It was also nominated for the Album of the Year Award at the AIM Independent Music Awards.
At the Icelandic Music Awards, Vulnicura won Best Album while Björk was named Best Female Artist, Best Songwriter and Best Producer.
|The 405||The 30 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|ABC News||50 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|Bleep||Albums of the Year 2015||2015||
|Clash||Albums Of The Year 2015||2015||
|Consequence of Sound||Top 50 Albums of 2015||2015||
|Cosmopolitan||The 15 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|Crack Magazine||Albums Of The Year 2015||2015||
|Dazed||The top 20 albums of 2015||2015||
|Double J||The 50 best albums of 2015||2015||
|Drowned in Sound||Albums Of The Year: 2015||2015||
|Exclaim!||Top 20 Pop & Rock Albums||2015||
|Fopp||The best albums of 2015||2015||
|Gigwise||Albums Of The Year||2015||
|The Guardian||Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|The Irish Times||50 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|Mashable||The 30 best albums of 2015||2015||
|musicOMH||Top 50 Albums Of 2015||2015||
|The New York Times||Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|Newsday||Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|NME||NME'S Albums of the Year 2015||2015||
|Pitchfork||The 50 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|Pitchfork||The 200 Best Albums of the 2010s||56|||
|Resident Advisor||Top 20 albums of 2015||2015||
|Reverb||The ten best albums of 2015||2015||
|Rough Trade||Albums of the Year 2015||2015||
|The Skinny||The 50 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|Slant Magazine||The 25 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|Slate||Best of 2015: Top 25 Albums||2015||
|Spin||The 50 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|StarPulse||25 Best Albums Of 2015||2015||
|Stereogum||The 50 Best Albums of 2015||2015||
|Sydney Morning Herald||Top 10 albums of 2015||2015||
|Time Out New York||25 best albums of 2015||2015||
|Tiny Mix Tapes||2015: Favorite 50 Music Releases||2015||
|Uncut||The Best Albums Of 2015||2015||
|The Vinyl Factory||The 50 best LPs of 2015||2015||
|The Wire||2015 Rewind: Best Records of the Year||2015||
All tracks written by Björk, except where noted.
|3.||"History of Touches"||2:53|
|5.||"Family" (music: Björk, Arca)||8:02|
|6.||"Notget" (music: Björk, Arca)||6:26|
|7.||"Atom Dance" (featuring Anohni)||8:09|
|8.||"Mouth Mantra" (lyrics: Björk, Oddný Eir Ævarsdóttir)||6:09|
|9.||"Quicksand" (music: Björk, Spaces)||3:45|
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Vulnicura.
|Australian Albums (ARIA)||26|
|Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)||19|
|Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)||12|
|Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)||4|
|Canadian Albums (Billboard)||12|
|Croatian Albums (IFPI)||42|
|Croatian International Albums (IFPI)||4|
|Czech Albums (?NS IFPI)||8|
|Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)||10|
|Danish Albums (Hitlisten)||3|
|French Albums (SNEP)||10|
|Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)||14|
|German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)||11|
|Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)||22|
|Icelandic Albums (Tónlist)||1|
|Irish Albums (IRMA)||12|
|Irish Independent Albums (IRMA)||2|
|Italian Albums (FIMI)||25|
|Japanese Albums (Oricon)||30|
|New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)||30|
|Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)||4|
|Polish Albums (ZPAV)||48|
|Russian Albums (2M)||3|
|Scottish Albums (OCC)||22|
|South Korean International Albums (Gaon)||50|
|Spanish Album Chart (PROMUSICAE)||16|
|Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)||26|
|Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)||6|
|UK Albums (OCC)||11|
|UK Independent Albums (OCC)||3|
|US Billboard 200||20|
|US Alternative Albums (Billboard)||5|
|US Independent Albums (Billboard)||3|
|US Rock Albums (Billboard)||6|
|US Digital Albums (Billboard)||8|
|Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)||116|
^shipments figures based on certification alone
|Worldwide||20 January 2015||Digital download|
|16 March 2015|
|24 July 2015||Limited edition yellow LP|
C'est un album plus traditionnel que Biophilia d'un point de vue du songwriting. (...) Il parle de ce qui peut arriver à une personne à la fin d'une relation. Il raconte les dialogues qu'on peut avoir dans la tête et dans le coeur, le processus de guérison, ce genre de choses.


List of News and Information about renault on 4WheelsNews.com
News and Information about renault
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You also might be interested: renault megane rs, sports car, hatchback, patents, renault megane, limited edition, france, renault scenic, initiale paris, mpv, mercedes-benz, nissan, engine, technology, four-cylinder
The wait is over for those who have been waiting to see more of the 2018 Renault Megane RS. Though, the actual model will be officially revealed in September at the 2017 Frankfurt Motor Show, patent images have already been published by World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). These images show the hatch's built from every angle, exposing all of its features without any kind of camouflage.
Overall, the performance model looks significantly sportier and more aggressive than its GT counterpart. The patent images had the same design elements from the teasers and spy shots that we have seen earlier. These elements include: flared wheel arches on the car's profile, huge air vents up front, and a trapezoidal exhaust tip.
Other than what we have already seen before, there are some bits that are new to us like the headlights up front that are not like the other Megane models, as well as the taillights on the rear end of the car. The bumpers just by the taillights also look more muscular with two side scoops. Like the Clio RS, the Megane gets the same checkered flag motif on the LED fog lights.Read the entire article Patent images of 2018 Renault Megane RS are here
Renault previously did not have a luxury model under its belt and the French automaker kept bustling its releases further up-market especially in its homestead. This hasn't produced an Initiale Paris variant of the brand new Megane. But the new Megane model has finally received its timely new flagship luxury trim called Renault Megane Akaju.
Megane Akaju is set to be the popular hatchback range's most luxurious trim level and is set to be displayed during the sale network's promotional week scheduled on June 15-19.
The most economical version bears a price tag of around €27,600 and rises to about €31,400. Choose the 3 alternative options previously mentioned and the price will increase to €33,000.Read the entire article Renault unveils Megane Akaju Limited Edition in France
Renault is bound to unveil the next generation of the 2018 Renault Megane RS at the 2017 edition of the Frankfurt Motor Show in September. All the French carmaker has done so far was to show off the new-gen Megane RS – albeit in a camouflaged form – at the Monaco Grand Prix. There have been spy shots of the hot hatch, but all of them were also in disguise.
However, an image of the new Renault Megane RS in all its crowning glory has been leaked on the Internet, providing us a good peek as to how the hot hatch actually looks sans any camouflage. This particular Megane RS has been painted white. As photographed, the Megane RS only shows a part of its rear end and its sides. As the image shows, the Megane RS features a pair air vents behind the front wheels, a body work that is laden with angles and a small roof spoiler. This roof spoiler features the same shade as the body, resulting in a more seamless look.
In addition, the image shows the new Renault Megane RS sport a rectangular exhaust protruding out from the center of the rear diffuser. Likewise, a pair of vents is also found on the rear end of the Megane RS. Under the right rear light can be found the RS badge. It also rides on the black and silver wheels that were previously seen on Megane RS prototypes.Read the entire article Image leak shows 2018 Renault Megane RS without camouflage
When French carmaker Renault gave the Initiale Paris treatment to the Clio, Espace, Captur, and Koleos, these models never looked so great – making customers wanting more of these vehicles. Now, Renault is applying the same treatment to the Scenic and its bigger sibling, the Grand Scenic. Thus, customers could now avail from the Renault the new Scenic Initiale Paris and the Grand Scenic Initiale Paris.
This means that the Renault Scenic and the Renault Grand Scenic – in their Initiale Paris versions – will now be wrapped in the exclusive dark prune-hued metallic Amethyst Black finish and the star-pattern grille. Likewise, both the new Scenic Initiale Paris and the Grand Scenic Initiale Paris feature LED fog lamps with cornering function and ride on specific 20-inch wheels. Of course, this exclusive edition of the Scenic and the Grand Scenic will don the 'Initiale Paris' branding just below the diamond logo.
As soon as occupants open the door of either the Scenic Initiale Paris or the Grand Scenic Initiale Paris, they will be greeted by the 'Initiale Paris' sill guards. They will be welcomed by an interior that is wrapped in black or grey-patterned full-grain Nappa leather upholstery with embossed 'Initiale Paris' letterings. This full-grain Nappa leather is the same material that wraps the electrically-adjustable seats with heating and massage functions. This high-end material also wrapped the steering wheel and the gearshift lever of either the Scenic Initiale Paris or the Grand Scenic Initiale Paris. The center console and around the infotainment system will feature a specific color finish.Read the entire article Renault Scenic and Grand Scenic receive Initiale Paris treatment
You guys are probably aware of the collaboration between Mercedes-Benz and Renault-Nissan. Knowing this, you would expect that both companies will come up with something impressive. Sources say that the partnership has been working on some new gasoline four-cylinder engines. However, rather than developing a more powerful engine, they seem to have come up with 1.2- and 1.4-liter engines instead. Why small engines, you might want to ask?
The reason behind the downsizing is because the German company aims to lower emissions while increasing the efficiency of the new engines. The new 1.2- and 1.4-liter units will benefit from direct injection, and will be a standard in the next generation base variants of the A-Class and B-Class lineups, according to reports from Autocar. There are currently eight cars lined up for Mercedes’ compact models for 2018 including: the A-Class hatchback, A-Class Sedan, CLA, CLA Shooting Brake, B-Class, GLA, a rumoured GLB, and an unknown model that has yet to be announced by the company.
The new four-cylinder units, which currently go under the codename M282, are being engineered exclusively for transverse applications. Therefore, these engines will not be available for use in larger Mercedes-Benz models. These new units will be joined by an updated version of the “M274” which will soon be given a codename that is “M260”. The M260 will be bigger and is going to be available in two versions: 1.6- and 2.0-liter units.Read the entire article Mercedes-Benz and Renault-Nissan to downsize engines, will use 1.2- and 1.4-liter powerplants
French multinational automobile manufacturer Renault has revealed its eDams team racer in preparation for the Formula E Paris ePrix along with the dashingly quick Zoe e-Sport Concept and a whole lot of production Zoe 40 units for retail purposes. Now we would like to wholly witness a race between the two high-powered electric vehicles.
Renault eDams team is a force to reckon with, as they’ve been leading the Formula E standings. The team celebrated the outstanding performance of its homestead by having a parade of their electric vehicles through the City of Light. Last Saturday in Paris, Sebastian Buemi earned his fifth win in six races of the current season of the Formula E. This means that he presently has a lead of 43 points in the electric racing series.
Leading the way of the procession are the Renault eDams R.S. 16 race car and the dapper Zoe e-Sport Concept in a video released by Renault. However, the drivers don’t follow a particular formation in the clip. But this doesn't mean that the Zoe e-Sport can't catch up with the R.S. 16. Renault confidently claimed that its conceptual hot hatch variant of the Zoe can leave you in the dust with its 62 miles per hour (100 km per hour) run, needing only 3.2 seconds to reach that coverage, and according to the French automaker, this performance can outrun the open wheel Formula E racer. That's a solid performance coming from a hatch.Read the entire article Renault Zoe e-Sport and Formula E racer lead EV parade in Paris
The 70th Cannes International Film Festival isn’t just about films and celebrities. During this year’s event, French automaker Renault surprised us with their range topping high-end shuttle, the Trafic SpaceClass. The van was used as a shuttle for VIPs going to the event.
The name “SpaceClass” comes from the idea that the luxury van provides both “space and comfort” for up to nine passengers. Renault expects the van to be part of the luxurious shuttle market, along with its competitors: the Citroën Spacetourer and the Peugeot Traveller.
SpaceClass comes in an exclusive shade of grey paint, exclusive head- and taillights, gloss black detailing, colour-coded bumpers, and 17-inch alloy wheels. Though it may just look like a regular van from the outside, don’t judge the SpaceClass based on its exterior, as all the amazing features can be found inside the cabin.Read the entire article Renault launches VIP shuttle Trafic SpaceClass at Cannes Film Festival
A global scale ransomware cyber-attack has caused several factories of Renault-Nissan Alliance to stop production on Saturday. According to Automotive News, the company’s spokesperson said they have administered “proactive measures” which led to the temporary shutdown of certain production sites. Reuters however confirmed the next day that regular work is slated to resume on Monday particularly in France.
Over the weekend, thousands of computers have been infected with WannaCry ransomware, spreading to almost one hundred countries worldwide. The French carmaker has particularly shut down its Sandouville plant in Northwestern France following the attack. The first sign of threat in Renault’s Sandouville factory occurred when the assembly line’s alarm didn’t work on Saturday. This happened shortly after a ransom demand appeared on their monitors.
Renault-Nissan failed to give a full list of the affected sites but a spokesperson from the UK said that files in Nissan’s Sunderland factory were hit on Friday evening. It didn’t however confirm if the Sunderland plant was shut down afterwards. The UK production facility has about 7,000 employees which manufactures the Infiniti Q30 and QX30, the Nissan Juke, Note, Qashqai and Nissan Leaf. In any case, Renault reassures that almost all factories will be opening today.Read the entire article Ransomware cyber-attack affects Renault’s production in France and the UK
Let us welcome the latest special version of the Renault Sandero RS 2.0 - the new Renault Sandero RS 2.0 Racing Spirit - that has become sportier in both performance and looks.
Nowadays, most hot hatches are powered by engines boosted by turbochargers. This way, these powerplants could produce more output and torque without having to employ more displacement. Moreover, these turbocharged mills are usually paired to automatic transmissions, allowing for a more convenient and easier drive.
But that doesn’t mean that hot hatches have lost their old-school feel. This is powered by a naturally aspirated engine paired to a manual gearbox. The Renault Sandero RS 2.0’s appeal is made stronger by the addition of the Renault Sandero RS 2.0 Racing Spirit, which like the regular version, is only available in Brazil.Read the entire article Renault Sandero RS 2.0 Racing Spirit Special Edition offers old-school vibe and more tech
There’s no more hiding for the 2018 Renault Megane RS. For months, we have been seeing spy shots of the Megane RS, but in its camouflage. No doubt, they were good at hiding the model, considering they did not use the actual bits and pieces of production model when it was being tested out on the roads. Instead, they used the GT’s body modified in certain areas. But no matter how good they are at hiding when it public, they can never avoid sneaky people who walk in and out of their factories. Just a few days ago, photos of the hot hatch have been revealed by an unknown source. Though the photo is slightly blurred, it seems like this is going to be the final specification of the range-topper.
The production prototype of the Megane RS, finished in a bright orange shade, now has wider hips and a beefy diffuser with a massive trapezoidal exhaust found in the rear’s center. A pair of vents are located on both ends of the rear. The “RS” badge can also be seen on the trunk lid and under the right taillight.
Above the third brake light, Renault had built a roof mounted spoiler that now has an indentation in the middle, which was slightly modified from the design we last saw. Unlike the GT that had gloss black spoilers, the Megane’s spoiler is painted with the same shade as the rest of the body for a more seamless look. Another significant change would be the newly designed black alloy wheels that are now wrapped in wider tires.Read the entire article Photos of 2018 Renault Megane RS leaked online
A tweet from Renault has suddenly put the focus on its Zoe E-Sport Concept. Unveiled during the recently concluded 2017 Geneva Motor Show, the brand said that this concept car was able to go from 0 to 62 mph (0 to 100 km/h) in 3.2 seconds.
Just how fast is that? Consider the fact that the Formula E car can go from standstill to 60 mph is exactly 3 seconds. Though there is a fractional difference, it is safe to say that if the figures are true, the Zoe E-Sport Concept does have a quicker acceleration.
When first presented during the Geneva Auto Show, the Zoe E-Sport was a small sports car powered solely with electricity and features an all-wheel drive. The wide body is composed of carbon fiber and it is placed on top of the alloy 20-inch wheels. In order to help lower the weight, the rear seats were removed with carbon fiber being combined with Kevlar. Thus even if the battery pack does weigh 992 lbs. (450 kg), the whole vehicle comes in at 3,086 lbs. (1,400 kg).Read the entire article Renault Zoe E-Sport Concept has quicker acceleration than a Formula E car
Last summer, the third-generation Megane RS has been discontinued. This led to most people thinking that an all new version was coming very soon.
In fact, some expected to see a new generation Megane RS at the Paris Motor Show. So when they didn’t, it was expected to be launched at the recent 2017 Geneva Motor Show. But still, Renault has not revealed the car in any of the auto shows mentioned.
So then, more people are guessing that it will come out at the 2017 Frankfurt Motor Show in September, since the French company did say that the model will be unveiled later this year in a video they released on Facebook celebrating a social media milestone of reaching 1 million fans. Now, that should be a more accurate guess. But then again, we don’t have much to go on.Read the entire article First teaser of 2018 Renault Megane RS only raises more questions
After making its debut at the Paris Motor Show last year as a concept car, the Trezor by Renault managed to bring home the 2016 Concept Car Design Of The Year award. Winning against other great concepts such as the Mercedes-Maybach 6 Concept, Volkswagen’s ID concept, and the Citroen CXperience concept. The all electric coupe presented an overall futuristic design with an impressive automated one-piece clamshell roof.
The Renault Trezor must offer something incredible as it has won over the approval of no less than twenty renowned car designers who stood as the panel of judges. Some of the judges were Peter Schreyer of Hyundai-Kia, Gordon Wagener of Daimler, Ralph Gilles of FCA and Mamoru Aoki of Nissan. They were also joined by the Nio and Lynk & Co design directors. Each of them had to choose their top three favourites amongst 12 concept cars that were shortlisted by the staff of Car Design News. And the decision was made after totaling all the votes. The award was given out to Anthony Lo, the Vice President of Exterior Design, along with Stephane Janin, Concept Car Director, at the fairly recent 2017 Geneva Motor Show.
Showcasing itself with its diamond logo and a muscular body, with voluptuous front and rear fenders, the Trezor isn’t just about how it looks. At 4.7 meters long, and with a 2.7 meter wheelbase, its entire body is made out of carbon fiber, keeping it lightweight. Its shape was well thought of - as a result of extensive aerodynamic tweaks to minimize drag to only 0.22, for a much improved performance and efficiency. Combined with a power output of 350 horsepower and 280 pound-feet torque. It can definitely fire up to 62 miles per hour (100 kph) in four seconds flat. And as you can see in the debut video, the car glides very smoothly against the ground at a very fast rate. So smooth, it almost looks like it is floating off the ground.Read the entire article 2016 Concept Car Design of The Year Award goes to Renault Trezor
After we drooled over Renault’s E-Sport Concept in Geneva for the last several days, X-Tomi Design has cooked up a better meal. We’re talking about the Zoe RS, a reimagined version of the Zoe embodying the RenaultSport division’s more extreme “personality” that is also more practical. That being said, it has more realistic features which we think are more “doable” in case Renault decides it wants to build a production version of the Zoe concept.
First of all, X-Tomi got rid of the Zoe E-Sport concept’s rear door, front fender and side air intake design. Instead, the rendering artist uses its own take on the bumper along with the new checkered themed-LED lights to complete the new look.
X-Tomi obviously got some inspiration from the Clio RS especially for the LED lights and its new set of alloy wheels. Nevertheless, we think the Zoe RS as a whole is much better than the E-Sport concept that graced the Geneva Motor Show. Now if only Renault would have the RS badge on the Zoe. We’re seriously pining for this.Read the entire article X-Tomi’s Renault Zoe RS rendering turns out more realistic than the E-Sport Concept
The 2017 Geneva Motor Show (or the Geneva International Motor Show) is definitely one of the most awaited major automotive shows in the planet.
It has been showcasing the best and the newest that the auto industry could offer –concept cars, production vehicles, tuned units, auto accessories and parts as well as services – since 1905.
Now, in its 87th edition, the 2017 Geneva Motor Show was already guaranteed to be a definite success when it formally opened its doors to the public on March 9, 2017.Read the entire article Top 5 Most-liked Vehicles at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show
This electric hatch could give conventional hot hatches on the market a good run for their money. In fact, it could even be the quickest hot hatch if it reaches production. French carmaker Renault is introducing the new Renault Zoe e-sport Concept, a show car that has taken too much electric steroids.
Unveiled at the ongoing 2017 Geneva Motor Show, new Renault Zoe E-Sport Concept is meant to highlight the French carmaker’s continued commitment to development of electric vehicles. The matter is that Renault has compressed its three years of overwhelming success in the FIA Formula E Championship – considered as the peak of electric car racing – into its Zoe supermini. From its electric powertrain to its lightweight body, the new Renault Zoe e-sport concept indeed is a personification of the carmaker’s Formula E technology.
The electric powertrain of the current Renault Zoe ZE with the 41 kWh battery pack is able to develop 66 kW (89 hp) of max output and 220 Nm (162 lb.-ft.) of instant torque – good enough to allow this mini hatch to accelerate from zero to 100 km/h in 13.5 seconds.Read the entire article Renault unveils 460-hp Zoe e-sport Concept at 2017 Geneva Motor Show
A new premium performance model could be coming for Infiniti if a partnership with Renault’s Formula One team becomes a definite success. Yes, Infiniti and the RenaultSport Formula One Team have entered into a collaborative venture – Project Black S -- to create a hybrid performance model derived from the Infiniti Q60.
This collaboration between Infiniti and the RenaultSport Formula One Team will be represented by the Project Black S concept car. So far, the venture between these high-end auto personalities has taken the shape of the Project Black S concept car – featuring Formula One-inspired technology -- that will be unveiled to the global public during a special event a night before 2017 Geneva Motor Show formally starts.
According to Infiniti, the Project Black S is a radical reinterpretation of the Q60 coupe with a prominent aerodynamic design. As it is, the Project Black S provides a preview on how a hybrid powertrain derived from motorsport – not less than Formula One -- could superbly improve the overall performance of a production car from Infiniti. This performance hybrid powertrain on the Project Black S makes use of the so-called ‘energy recovery system’ (ERS) that is found in RenaultSport’s F1 car. This ERS – not yet employed by any production road car -- is designed to harvest or recover energy in the form of electric power and deploy it to significantly boost the powertrain’s output and torque. Hence, a car with ERS is able to accelerate without any lag.Read the entire article Infiniti and RenaultSport Formula One Team collaborate in Q60 Project Black S
Around four years after Renault launched its Captur subcompact crossover in 2013, the French carmaker has decided to make several changes on the way this elegant vehicle looks. Thus, for the 2017 model year, the Renault Captur will be receiving a facelift just enough to make it still appealing.
Furthermore, the interior also received several updates, with six interior personalization packs to choose from. Customers could now choose from Caramel, Ivory, Ocean Blue, Patina Chrome and Red, Satin Chrome to color the interior of their new Renault Captur.
Renault will unveil the new Captur subcompact crossover at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show.Read the entire article Geneva: Renault introduces facelifted version of Captur for 2017MY
RM Sotheby’s lineup in its upcoming Paris sale is getting large, with the Renault 5 Turbo 2 high-performance hatchback joining a number of classic cars in the auction list.
Introduced in 1983 as the replacement for the Renault 5 Turbo -- a car designed mainly to compete in rally races but was also offered as a road-going version – the 5 Turbo 2 was one of the French carmaker’s biggest hits. Interestingly, the 5 Turbo 2 was a result of Renault’s efforts to pare down the 5 Turbo to make it less expensive, thus making it more affordable to a greater number of customers.
Thus, the 5 Turbo 2 didn’t have the distinct interior of the 5 Turbo. Moreover, Renault replaced the aluminum body panels of the 5 Turbo with steel panels on the 5 Turbo 2. Despite being lighter and less expensive, the 5 Turbo 2 offers the same levels of performance, using the same engine (delivering up to 158 bhp) as its predecessor. In terms of road performance, the 5 Turbo 2 could sprint from zero to 100 km/h in just 6.9 seconds and reach a top speed of 200 km/h (120 mph).Read the entire article Renault 5 Turbo 2 will be up for sale at RM Sotheby’s Paris event tomorrow
Many are thinking that it would be nice if the Renault Megane RS – a front-wheel drive small family car -- would get an all-wheel drive. Such element would make the Renault Megane RS more suitable for any road condition in any weather. If such Megane RS does exist, it would indeed be great news.
Just recently, there have been speculations that Renault is developing an AWD version of the Megane RS. Of course, Renault has not made any official announcements over the model. Its officials have been silent about any possibility of a Megane RS AWD. But most carmakers are like that; they usually keep their mouth shut over any development until they think it is the right time to divulge them. As for the possibility that the French carmaker is creating an AWD Megane RS, a few spy pictures make us giddy with excitement that such a version is being developed.
These spy pictures – taken in a gas station in Sweden -- reveal a few details why we believe that a Megane RS AWD could be on the way. The images feature a Megane in a grey finish with a “Renault Sport” badge on the rear. While this model is surely a Megane RS, it comes with the body of the Megane GT hatch. A section from the middle of its rear diffuser-style element has been removed to better accommodate two exhaust tips. The test car also features larger front discs with Brembo brake calipers. But that is not why we think that this test mule is an AWD variant of the Megane RS.Read the entire article Spy photos indicate that an AWD Renault Megane RS could be coming
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243.14. The arbitrators shall rule in accordance with the rules of law; they shall also, where circumstances justify it, call on equity.
In particular, the evolution of the pension plan, any amendments made to it and the circumstances in which those amendments were made, the origin of the surplus assets concerned, the use made in the past of any surplus assets, as well as any information sent to members and beneficiaries in relation to any such matter, shall be taken into consideration.
The arbitration decision, upon being rendered, is binding on any person who has rights or obligations under the plan.
Unless the arbitration decision rules only on a difficulty in interpreting or implementing an agreement or a declaration, the arbitration decision must specify, in particular,
(1) who is entitled to the surplus assets as determined at the date of termination of the plan, whether the employer alone, the members and beneficiaries alone or both the employer and the members and beneficiaries and, in the latter case, the amount to be allocated to the members and beneficiaries as well as the method for adjusting that amount in the event of a variation in the surplus assets between the date of termination and the date of implementation of the decision; and
(2) insofar as some or all of the surplus assets are allocated to members and beneficiaries,
(a) the identity of each such member or beneficiary and, in the event that other names are added to the names appearing in the termination report, the method for determining the value of their accrued benefits; and
(b) the distribution method to be used to determine the share of each member or beneficiary.
No appeal lies from an arbitration decision.
1992, c. 60, s. 37; 2000, c. 41, s. 158.

domain: law


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Percy Wyndham Lewis (November 18, 1882 - March 7, 1957) was a British painter and author. He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art, and edited the Vorticists' journal, BLAST (two numbers, 1914-15). His novels include his pre-World War I-era novel Tarr, (set in Paris),and The Human Age, a trilogy comprising The Childermass (1928), Monstre Gai and Malign Fiesta (both 1955), set in the afterworld. A fourth volume of The Human Age, The Trial of Man, was begun by Lewis but left in a fragmentary state at the time of his death.
Lewis was born on a yacht off the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. His mother was British, his father American. He was educated in England, first at Rugby School, then at the Slade School of Art in London, before spending most of the 1900s travelling around Europe and studying art in Paris.
It was in the years 1913-15 that he found the painting style for which he is best known today, a style which his friend Ezra Pound dubbed Vorticism. Lewis found the strong structure of Cubist painting appealing, but said it did not seem "alive" compared to Futurist art, which, conversely, lacked structure. Vorticism combined these two movements in a strikingly dramatic critique of modernity. In his early works, particularly versions of village life in Brittany showing dancers (ca. 1910-12), Lewis was probably more influenced by the process philosophy of Henri Bergson than he was later prepared to admit.
After the Vorticists' only exhibition in 1915, the movement broke up, largely as a result of World War I. Lewis was posted to the western front, and served as an Official War Artist 1917-1919, painting one of his best known works, A Battery Shelled, from sketches made on Vimy Ridge. His first novel Tarr was published in 1918, and is one of the key modernist texts.
By the late 1920s, Lewis was not painting so much, instead concentrating on writing. He wrote biting satirical attacks on the Sitwell family, which did not help him to be accepted into the literary world, and his book Hitler (1931), which was insufficiently critical of its subject even at this early date, caused him to be shunned by many. He later wrote The Hitler Cult (1939), a book which firmly revoked his earlier pro-Hitler pronouncements, but the damage was done, and Lewis was to remain an isolated figure. However it was during the years 1934-37 that he wrote The Revenge for Love (1937), widely regarded as his best novel. Outstanding critical books belong to this period, and include Men Without Art (1934) and Time and Western Man (1927), this latter including a penetrating critique of James Joyce which is of permanent value. Philosophically, Lewis attacked the "time philosophy" of Bergson, Alexander and others. The strong influence of Aristotelian metaphysics (via Aquinas) has probably been insufficiently noted in Lewis criticism.
Despite being better known for his writing than his painting in his later years, paintings from the 1930s and 1940s constitute some of his best known work. They are mainly portraits, and include pictures of Edith Sitwell (1935), T. S. Eliot (1938 and again in 1949) and Ezra Pound (1938). The Surrender of Barcelona (1936-38) makes a significant statement about the Spanish Civil War.
Lewis spent World War II in the United States and Canada. He returned to England in 1945. By 1951, he was completely blind. In 1950 he published the autobiographical Rude Assignment, and followed it with the semi-autobiograpical novel Self Condemned, a major late statement. He died in 1957. Always interested in Roman Catholicism, he nevertheless never converted. In recent years there has been a renewal of critical and biographical interest in Lewis and his work, and he is now regarded as a major British artist and writer of the twentieth century.
NB: He should not be confused with the writer D B (Dominic Bevan) Wyndham Lewis, 1894-1969.
- Edwards, Paul. (2000) Wyndham Lewis, Painter and Writer. New Haven and London: Yale U P.
- Gasiorek, Andrzej (2004) Wyndham Lewis and Modernism. London: Northcote House.
- O'Keeffe, Paul (2000) Some Sort of Genius: A Biography of Wyndham Lewis. London: Cape.
- Schenker, Daniel. (1992) Wyndham Lewis: Religion and Modernism. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama Press.
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details

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Dover Restaurant Week arrives: How it works and why community support is needed
DOVER — Erin Tellez, business manager for the family-run Cinco de Mayo Bar & Grill, said 2022 is the busiest the restaurant has been since opening eight years ago.
Staffing remains the biggest concern, however. Difficulty hiring creates an opportunity by necessity, forcing Cinco de Mayo to get creative and restructure operations.
“We’re adding and changing positions, paying more, and trying to run the business more efficiently,” Tellez said.
These kinds of challenges make the arrival of Dover Restaurant Week (which is actually two weeks, running through July 24) welcomed by restaurant owners as a way to promote their businesses. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic has waned but continues, along with rising costs due to inflation.
How Dover Restaurant Week works
Residents can dine in at any Dover restaurant through July 24 for the chance to win and post on social media about their experience, tagging the Dover Restaurant Week Facebook page or using #doverrestaurantweek. Posts must have public privacy settings so page administrators can see them.
Dover Main Street, the nonprofit which organizes the event, has purchased $1,250 in gift cards in various denominations from various restaurants. Daily drawings of gift cards ranging from $25 to $100 in value, will be held as well as one grand prize of a $250 restaurant gift certificate.
Those who aren’t on social media can listen to WTSN radio with Mike Pomp weekdays through July 23 for a chance to win a $25 gift card.
Why Dover Restaurant Week has changed
Dover Main Street urges support for the city's more than 70 restaurants, which are facing ever-changing challenges. The event no longer features special menus, which became too difficult for businesses to pull off amid the pandemic.
Tellez, a former Dover Main Street board member, said the new format for the event was partly inspired by the outpouring of support on social media for restaurants during the first years of the pandemic. Tellez said Facebook groups like Seacoast Eats and Dover NH Takeout (now Dover Eats) played a large part in spreading information and helping businesses survive the tough times.
“Last year we realized that asking restaurants to put together a special menu — when they were already short-staffed, having difficulty getting products, and trying to keep their doors open — it just didn’t make sense anymore,” Tellez said. “The support over social media has been a huge silver lining for restaurants."
Tellez said her restaurant has seen firsthand how much interaction and support can come from a single post.
“I love the community aspect of it,” Tellez said. “We have such an awesome array of restaurants in Dover. There’s something for everyone. Dover Restaurant Week gives people a chance to show their local restaurants some love without burdening them with added challenges.”
Gail Daudelin, chair of Dover Main Street, said that last year’s event was a well-received and they had a lot of participation, despite it looking much different than in years past.
Daudelin said this new format “highlights all Dover has to offer.”
“We are fortunate to have over 70 restaurants in Dover, with all different types of food eateries,” Daudelin said. “We have a little bit of everything, so there's a lot to choose from. This event encourages folks to dine out at places they already love and explore new places they haven’t tried.”

domain: news


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Vee Mampeezy – Better Man ft. Moonchild Sanelly, Busiswa, DJ Maphorisa
Vee Mampeezy – Better Man ft. Moonchild Sanelly, Busiswa, DJ Maphorisa DOWNLOAD Mp3
Earlier today, South african talented singer Vee Mampeezy dropped off a new song, titled “Better Man” which the artist decided to take over the streets with the brand new song a banger so to say featuring Moonchild Sanelly, Busiswa, DJ Maphorisa.
Vee Mampeezy has been bubbling up in the South african releasing more hit song and follow-up with these new song that is on board. He like to stay high making point in music.
Take a listen and enjoy the song and tell us what you think.

domain: artistic


The RIT Sling is a multi-function, multi-loop sling that can be used in emergency harnessing of a firefighter or victim in a rescue situation. By placing the leg loops over the legs and the arms in the arm loops, you can easily drag someone from their immediate danger area. By using two carabiners you could hoist someone safely to get them out of a second floor window and down to safety. Color coded sections makes this a very useful and inexpensive rescue device. Comes complete with a storage bag. Made in the U.S.A.


GE Dryer DBSR453EB3WW: Made squeaky sounds when the dryer was in operation. How to replace Dryer Drum Front Support Bearing.
John H. • Madison, AL • April 11, 2014
Appliance: General Electric Electric Dryer DBSR453EB3WW
My Repair & Advice
Replaced the drum bearing. The drum bearing had worn down from about 9 years of use. I found out how to replace the drum bearing on you tube. It only took about 10 minutes to replace the bearing. It was very easy and having a parts supplier like AppliancePartsPros.com made it cheap to fix my dryer versus paying someone to fix it or having to buy a new dryer. I was amazed at how fast AppliancePartsPros.com shipped the part. I had the part in two days after I placed my order.


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Sausage, Kale and Cranberry Pasta2014-12-13
- Yield : 4 servings
- Prep Time : 10m
- Cook Time : 20m
- Ready In : 30m
Average Member Rating
(0 / 5)
0 People rated this recipe
- 1 pound rigatoni
- 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil, 2 turns of the pan
- 1/2 pound hot bulk Italian sausage
- 1/2 pound sweet bulk Italian sausage
- 3 cloves garlic, chopped
- 1 medium red onion, thinly sliced
- 3/4 cup whole berry cranberry sauce
- 3/4 cup dry red wine, eyeball it
- 1 1/4 pounds kale, stems removed and chopped
- Black pepper
- 1/8 to 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, to your taste
- 3/4 cup Romano cheese, 3 generous handfuls, plus some to pass at the table
Boil a large pot of water for the pasta. Add rigatoni and salt and cook to al dente or with a bite to it. Drain and reserve 2 ladles of pasta water.
While pasta cooks, heat extra-virgin olive oil in a large deep skillet over medium-high heat. Add sausage, brown and crumble it, then add garlic and onions and cook until tender 5 to 6 minutes. Add cranberry sauce and wine and stir to combine then reduce a minute. Add kale in bunches and stir to wilt down. Add the reserved pasta water. Season the dish with salt, pepper, and nutmeg to taste.
Add pasta to the pan with sausage and kale. Top pasta with cheese and toss with kale mixture to combine. Serve immediately with extra cheese for topping.

domain: food


text:
Watch Stroke of Luck (2021) Free
Young Nathan has pulled a damaging prank at his school in the city and is sent to his father's farm to work it off. But Nathan finds much more than he bargained for when he gets there, including Sarah, a very charming, independent farm hand, a bizarre crime ring, and a horse that only he can hear talk. Cameo by John Popper - lead singer of the band Blues Traveler. Dir...
Stream in HD - Stroke of Luck is available for free!
Before watching Stroke of Luck, you have to clean your mind of all the rules that rule this world! You can enjoy it later. I was very inspired after I saw it for the first time. Stroke of Luck is a hard and long film to expand the field and fun and explore its themes. I am big fan of movies like Stroke of Luck. Even for such aesthetic experience, a movie is worth watching. Anyone who likes to watch movies should watch Stroke of Luck and try to see its outstandingness. I do not know of a better place for... Show more
Watch Stroke of Luck for Free Online. Watch all other movies online and TV Series by browsing our main page. 1Movies is a new and quickly growing website offering tens of thousands of free movies and series.
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A home maker, Freelance Recipe Writer and a fulltime Travel and Food Blogger. Enjoys Baking, photography, bird watching, traveling, reading and writing. A good cook who loves to eat as much as I love cooking.
Future plans to publish my own book.
"selfconfidence is the prerequisite to great undertakings" - Samuel Johnson


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A cute shirt with a mobile gamer and her little character friends. Made of 100% pre-shrunk cotton, this vector girl design with her little pixel friends will keep you company in a cozy and comfy way. Size up for a longue fit looking cute and comfy.
- 100% pre-shrunk cotton (heather gray color is 90% cotton/10% polyester)
- Fabric Weight: 5.0 oz (mid-weight)
- Double-stitched seams at shoulder, sleeve, collar and waist
- Imported; processed and printed in the U.S.A.
|S||27.99 in||17.99 in||7.48 in|
|M||28.98 in||19.49 in||7.48 in|
|L||30.00 in||21.97 in||7.72 in|
|XL||30.98 in||23.98 in||7.72 in|
|2XL||31.97 in||25.98 in||8.74 in|
|3XL||32.48 in||27.48 in||8.74 in|
|4XL||34.49 in||28.98 in||8.74 in|
|5XL||35.00 in||30.98 in||8.74 in|
|6XL||37.48 in||32.99 in||8.74 in|

domain: design


Summary: "Is community radio a viable option for Afghanistan? What would it sound like? How would it fit into a national public-service radio system? What type of governance structures will ensure stations are both responsive to their communities and independent? Is it necessary to wait until the legal and regulatory framework is in place?"


Karhoo Competitors, Revenue, Alternatives and Pricing
Estimated Revenue & Financials
- Karhoo's estimated annual revenue is currently $22.9M per year.
- Karhoo's estimated revenue per employee is $145,000
- Karhoo's total funding is $250M.
- Karhoo has 158 Employees.
- Karhoo grew their employee count by 5% last year.
- Karhoo currently has 1 job openings.
|Competitor Name||Revenue||Number of Employees||Employee Growth||Total Funding||Online Review||Pricing|
What Is Karhoo?
Karhoo is a revolutionary ground transportation technology ecosystem designed to address the challenge of improving mobility in our crowded and polluted urban centres. We will make ground transportation safe, convenient and sustainable for people in the communities where they live and work. The Karhoo Mobility Exchange pioneers a fully-integrated neutral booking platform for regulated Taxis and Private Hire Vehicles. Our goal is to become the world's largest and most transparent online marketplace for ground transportation. By aggregating regulated/licensed taxi and PHV fleet ground transport provision, Karhoo offers real choice to travellers, agents, businesses and public service providers. Karhoo is part of Flit Technologies group, backed by RCI Bank and Services, the finance company for Groupe Renault, Nissan Group and Mitsubishi Motors.keywords:Marketplace,Mobile,Passenger Transport,Travel
Number of Employees
Employee Growth %
Integration will provide Karhoo with increased infrastructure and access to transport operators beyond those in ride-hailing city strongholds.
Mobility services company Karhoo is partnering with leading booking and dispatch platform iVcardo in a move that will provide it with increased ...
FRENCH National Railways (SNCF) has launched a partnership with Karhoo, a Renault Group start-up, to offer TGV InOui passengers the ...
|Company Name||Revenue||Number of Employees||Employee Growth||Total Funding||Online Review||Pricing|


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10:00 am Inauguration of 2018 IEEE Middle East & North Africa Communications Conference "MENACOMM 2018" under the Patronage of Prime Minister Saad Hariri, at the invitation of the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK) at the University's campus in Jounieh - Lebanon.
10:00 am Prime Minister, Saad Hariri, inaugurates Beirut International Franchise Forum and Exhibition BIFEX 2018, organized by the Lebanese Franchise Association at the Pavilion Royal - Biel.
10:00 am Embassy of Algiers in Lebanon receives condolences on the victims of the wrecked military plane in Jnah, facing Kempinski Summer Land Hotel. (until 4:00 pm)
4:30 pm Opening of the International Conference on "Equality in Democracy" under the patronage of President of the Republic, Michel Aoun, and under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture. The event is organized by the International Center for Human Sciences - Byblos, in partnership with Balamand University, at the lecture hall of Saint Youhana Morkos in Byblos.
5:00 pm Workshop titled "Green Construction" under the patronage of Public Works Minister, Youssef Fenianous, at the invitation of the International Lions Club Association zone 351, at the press syndicate's headquarters in Bir Hassan.
6:00 pm Signature ceremony of a book titled "Asdaa'" by Journalist Nadine Samuel Shalhoub, under the patronage of Culture Minister, Dr. Ghattas Khoury, at the Sports and Cultural Compound in Cheyyah.
8:00 pm Signature ceremony of a book titled "Anamel Fawk al-Jassad'" written by Lebanese poet, Ibrahim Awdeh, under the patronage of Culture Minister, Dr. Ghattas Khoury, at Sin El-Fil municipality - the grand hall.


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domain: geography


Birmingham City manager Gary Rowett has insisted that the club will do all they can to hold onto Demarai Gray.
The 18-year-old winger has been in impressive form in the Championship so far this season, and has been linked with Premier League duo Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur.
In 16 league matches, Gray has scored four goals and created 14 chances, while having a pass accuracy of 78% and a shot accuracy of 56%, and winning 51% of the duels.
There are reports that Liverpool and Tottenham could make offers for the teenager in the January transfer window, but Rowett is confident of keeping hold of the talented youngster.
“He’s as good as any young player I’ve seen at this age,” The Daily Mail quotes the 40-year-old as saying. “At 18 years old, the ability to score a hat-trick at Championship level doesn’t happen very often. He’s an exciting player. He gets the fans off the edge of their seats.
“I’m realistic, I would expect some interest in January and I would expect that interest to be very strong from top clubs, because he is a top player. But also you have to look at that he’s playing regular football in the Championship.
“Sometimes for a young player it’s just as important to get 100 starts than go to a bigger club and sit on the bench or play in Under 21 squads.
“What he’s shown is we shouldn’t be looking to sell him for a low fee just to fit his ambitions. The club has a real potential star player on its hands.”
While a move to Tottenham or Liverpool will be tempting for anyone playing in the Championship, perhaps it would be best for Gray if he listens to Rowett and remains at Birmingham until the end of the season at least.
The teenager is only just coming to the fore and is playing regular football. A move in the middle of the season is going to impede his development, especially as he is not going to get much playing time in any of the Premier League teams reportedly interested in him.


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Student will complete a literature review on AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER citing research on etiology and treatment. This should be an eight-to-twelve-page paper written in APA format on a topic approved by the instructor. The paper should have a minimum of 10 scholarly references. This paper should be a review of the literature in a specific area.
Submit Your Assignment and get professional help from our qualified experts!
literature review on AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER citing research on etiology and treatment. was first posted on July 3, 2019 at 8:51 am.
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Your hands are your livelihood. The SpaceMouse Enterprise is built to protect them at all costs from the aches and pains that are increasingly common among hard-working CAD professionals. In fact, it’s the most ergonomically designed product we’ve ever created.
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What’s it about
Rowan cannot believe her luck when she gets the position as a live-in nanny at Heatherbrae House. The salary is more than generous and the house is a state-of-the-art smart home. Breathtaking grounds and not another house for a few miles. Sets the atmosphere for a perfect thriller.
What I think about it
The Turn of the Key doesn’t give you any time to slowly ease into the story. We dive straight in with Rowan attempting to write a letter to a solicitor who might be able to help her. Rowan is in prison, awaiting trial for murder. Because her employment at Heatherbrae House has ended with a dead child and a ton of evidence against Rowan. Only problem? She pleads innocent, which means, someone else killed the girl – and is still out there.
I have never been a fan of technology that thinks for itself and talks to you. Alexa creeps me the hell out and just thinking about being in a house where everything has to be activated either by voice or via a panel scares me. It may be modern and fancy but my toaster makes me jump out of my skin when he goes ding 😀 If I was sure before that I’d never want a smart home, after reading this book I am dead certain I’ll never set foot in one alone.
Rowan was more than just happy to be able to leave her day job under a horrible boss at a nursery and become a live-in nanny once again. She struggles to get 8 year old Maddie to trust her which means 5 year old Ellie will do as her sister does. What I really liked about Rowan in those moments was that she isn’t the perfect nanny, she makes mistakes, she loses her temper with the kids because she too is only human and caring for three small children 24/7 will get to you.
In that situation you’d love nothing more than to fall into bed at night and drift off into blissful sleep. Weren’t it for the locked door in your room and the footsteps on the floor above you. The floor that shouldn’t exist because you’re already on the top floor … On top of everything, Maddie is the creepy childTM. Quiet most times, sometimes a spark of malice in her eyes or an evil smile. Of course, the odd ghost story and mysterious deaths could not be missing from the story. In a ranking for creepiest element of the story, the garden is sure to be the runner-up to the smart home.
“Suddenly I could not bear it any longer, and I understood what dark terrors had driven those four previous nannies out of their post and away. To lie her, night after night, listening, waiting, staring into the darkness at that locked door, that open keyhole gaping into blackness …”
I loved this book so much! Penguin describes it as “a heart-stopping pulse-racing psychological thriller” and it’s exactly that. Once I started reading I couldn’t stop, even if my eyes were burning and I was barely able to keep them open. My pulse was really racing because I was creeped out by the house, the story and Maddie; and yet I had to read on. I knew I wouldn’t be able to stop thinking about the book before I didn’t know how it ended. At 3 a.m. I read what had to be the most twisted ending ever. When I had about ten pages left I was so worried because there was no way everything would be resolved on a handful of pages. But it was. And the ending was like a punch in the face.
Gripping from the first page to the shocking last. I couldn’t stop reading. The characters were well-written, the story flowed smoothly and the ending was a kick in the gut. Ruth Ware knows how to keep a reader at the edge of their seat throughout an entire book. The house in the middle of nowhere already set the atmosphere but the unkempt garden added to it, as well as the kids. Absolute highlight!
- Author: Ruth Ware
- Pages: 352
- Publisher: Harvill Secker (Penguin)
- Publication Date: August 8, 2019
- ISBN: 978-1-787-30044-6

domain: literature


text:
"I had tried a few hypnosis recordings by others prior to meeting Mariah... Her recordings have yielded far more substantial results than I thought possible. Her in-person sessions are even more effective and rewarding. There is no obstacle in life that cannot be at the very least eased with hypnosis-- Mariah has made a believer out of me." -John B., New Orleans
Why Choose Hypnotherapy?
Simply put, choose Hypnotherapy if you truly want to experience change in your life. Your mind already holds the tools needed to help you unleash your full potential; and hypnosis helps you access these tools! It's that easy. If you are ready to change your life, I will help you!
Heal what is stopping you from living your best life. Whether it's an unwanted habit, phobia, anxiety, physical pain and ailments, broken heart, grief, guilt or recurring life patterns, I am here to assist you.
You can do this. You can change your life. I'll show you how to do it.
Don't let the word "hypnosis" scare you... Many people shy away from hypnosis because of what they've seen in the movies or theatrical performances. How does hypnosis compare to something you've already heard about and maybe experienced like meditation? Hypnosis and meditation are just different ways of getting to the same destination: a deep, focused and relaxed state. Here is an analogy I like: Hypnosis is like flying to a location, meditation is like walking there. One is much quicker and you will see different things along the way depending on how you choose to travel. Read more at Hypnosis Fact & Fiction.
Join theHypnoHeals FacebookPage for self-improvement tips, contests, and latest news about classes and events.

domain: psychology