text:
Molly Buckland, DO, Dermatology Resident, PGY3, St. Joseph Mercy Dermatology, Ann Arbor, MI
Ashley Jaglowicz, DO, Dermatology Resident, St. Joseph Mercy Dermatology, Ann Arbor, MI
Daniel Stewart, DO, FAAD, Program Director, St. Joseph Mercy Dermatology, Ann Arbor, MI
Karl Kellawan, MD, Forefront Dermatology, Centerville, OH
Although hair loss is a common complaint by both male and female patients, establishing the cause and treatment of hair loss can be challenging for primary care physicians.
- A focused history consists of the nature of the hair loss, the patient’s medical history including medications and/or supplements, hair styling practices, and family history.
- A hair pull test and scalp biopsy may be helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis.
- Non-scarring alopecias are classified as diffuse, focal, or patterned.
- Scarring alopecias often are difficult to manage and may warrant referral, regardless of the underlying cause.
Hair loss is a common complaint for both male and female patients, who often first present to their family physician for evaluation. However, the vast array of underlying etiologies can present a diagnostic challenge for physicians. Reviewing the main principles of hair biology will help provide a better understanding of the basic science behind hair loss. One of the most important steps in patient evaluation is conducting a thorough history and physical exam. This article will discuss key questions to ask, as well as how to interpret exam findings. In general, hair loss is categorized into scarring alopecia, non-scarring alopecia, and structural hair disorders. This article will focus on the most common causes of scarring and non-scarring alopecia that will be encountered in a primary care setting, as well as first-line treatments for each. Patients with non-scarring alopecia often can be managed by their family physician, while patients with scarring hair loss typically warrant referral to a dermatologist.
There are approximately 100,000 hairs on the average scalp, with 10% more in blondes and 10% less in redheads.1 Each hair is a component of a pilosebaceous unit that includes the hair follicle, the arrector pili muscle, and the sebaceous gland. The follicle is subdivided into three portions: the infundibulum, the isthmus, and the bulb, from superficial to deep. The infundibulum is the portion of the follicle from the epidermis to the insertion of the sebaceous gland, while the isthmus is the portion between the insertion of the sebaceous gland and the insertion of the arrector pili muscle.2 Adjacent to the insertion of the arrector pili muscle is a region referred to as the bulge of the hair follicle. This is the location of hair follicle stem cells that are essential for hair growth.3 Everything beneath the insertion of the arrector pili muscle is referred to as the bulb. The infundibulum and isthmus are the permanent portions of the follicle, while the bulb is the transient portion that undergoes cyclical involution and regeneration.
The hair growth cycle is divided into anagen, catagen, and telogen growth stages. The anagen phase is the active phase of hair growth; 85-90% of all scalp hairs are in this phase, which lasts from three to five years.4 During the catagen phase, the cells undergo apoptosis and involution of the hair bulb occurs. Only 1% of scalp hairs are in this phase, which lasts for about three weeks. The telogen phase also is known as the resting or “shedding” phase, and 10-15% of hairs on the scalp are normally in this phase, which lasts for three to five months. The average person will lose 100 to 150 hairs daily. The percentage of hairs in these phases can be altered by outside factors, which will be discussed in later sections.
There are two main types of hair follicles on the body: terminal and vellus hairs. Terminal hairs are larger in diameter, with their bulb extending down to the subcutaneous fat, while vellus hairs are much smaller, with their bulb located in the mid dermis. Clinically, terminal hairs are coarse while vellus hairs are short, fine, and nonpigmented. At birth, terminal hairs are located on the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, and vellus hairs populate the rest of the hair-bearing surfaces. During puberty, increasing androgen levels stimulate vellus hairs to become terminal hairs in several locations, such as the genital area and axilla.5
Hair loss is a common complaint for both male and female patients. It can cause significant psychological distress, and the diagnosis often is challenging. Hair loss can be a manifestation of a variety of disorders, including hormonal imbalance, nutritional deficiency, infections, medications, hair styling practices, autoimmune disease, inflammatory conditions, and inherited disorders. This article will discuss how to evaluate a patient presenting with a complaint of hair loss appropriately, with a focused history and physical exam. Furthermore, we will discuss the most common causes of hair loss with important key findings, including how to determine whether the hair loss is primarily a scarring (cicatricial) or non-scarring process. Laboratory workup and first-line treatment options that are appropriate for use in a primary care setting will be discussed. Further complex medication management will not be discussed, because this would indicate referral to a specialist.
History and Physical Exam
Because of the wide variety of underlying causes of hair loss, it is important to start the evaluation with a thorough history and physical exam. When evaluating a new patient with hair loss, the interview should focus on several key areas. The nature of hair loss, the patient’s medical history, current medications and/or supplements, hair care practices, and family history all should be discussed. It also is important to consider the patient’s age and race, as these can be useful clues to narrow the differential diagnosis. Since a complete interview can be time consuming, consider having a questionnaire for new patients to complete prior to being evaluated. Key questions and considerations are listed below. See Table 1 for an example of a patient questionnaire handout.
The patient interview should begin with questions about the primary complaint. The two most common chief complaints are excessive shedding and progressive thinning of the hair. Other specific complaints may be that the hair is slow growing, not growing at all, breaking, or changing in texture, or the patient may have increased or decreased body hair. If a patient is complaining of hair shedding, differentiating between hair shaft breakage and hair shedding from the root is important. Hair breakage can be caused by tinea capitis, trichotillomania, damage from hair styling, structural shaft disorders, and anagen effluvium. Hair shedding from the root can be caused by telogen effluvium, alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, and medications. The duration and rate of hair loss should be evaluated, including when the episode of hair loss started and if it is worsening, improving, or stable. The pattern of loss also should be considered; common patterns are diffuse, localized, or patchy. Assessing which areas of the scalp are affected most also can help narrow down a cause. The extent of hair loss can be quantified by asking the patient what percentage of hair they have lost, as thinning usually is noticeable only after losing > 50% of the normal scalp hair.6 Some patients may notice a thinning ponytail, increased distance of parted hair, increased visibility of the scalp through the hair, or inability to wear their normal hairstyle.
The presence of associated symptoms may help differentiate between scarring and non-scarring alopecia. Itching, soreness, and burning sensations are more frequent in scarring alopecia. In addition, changes in scalp symptoms can help diagnose disease flares and help monitor response to treatment in types of scarring alopecia.
Thoroughly evaluating the patient’s medical and surgical history as well as their medication list may be of benefit. It is important to pay attention to specific changes during the six months prior to the onset of the hair loss. Nutritional status and psychosocial stressors should be considered. Any patient presenting with diffuse hair shedding should be evaluated for common triggers that may have occurred three to six months before the onset of hair loss. Often patients will have a positive family history, especially in androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and congenital hair shaft disorders. Females should be assessed for menstrual irregularities, oral contraceptive use, issues with pregnancy, and menopause, since hormonal abnormalities or fluctuations may contribute to certain types of hair loss.
Many clinicians fail to consider the hair styling practices of the patient. Mechanical and chemical damage to the hair shaft may result from improper styling techniques. It is important to evaluate current and past styling techniques including hair color, bleaching, perms, chemical straightening, and styling with hot tools (blow dryer, flat iron, or hot rollers). Inquire about specific hair product use, the frequency of shampooing, and whether the patient has had prior treatment for hair loss. Repeated tension from tight ponytails, braids, sewn-in or clip-in hair extensions, or turbans may result in traction alopecia. It is imperative to gather hair-styling history for the previous 10 years because there may be a significant length of time between the period of repeated traction to the development of hair loss.7
The first step of the physical exam includes inspection of the entire scalp for findings such as erythema, scaling, papules, pustules, and scars. The next step involves examination of the follicular ostia, which are the pinpoint openings from which the hair grows out of the scalp. The loss of follicular ostia suggests a scarring alopecia. Next, the hair shaft should be examined carefully, considering the density, the features of the hair shaft, and whether there is evidence of breakage or fragility. The hair shafts should be evaluated for caliber, length, texture, and shape. Hair density is best evaluated by assessing the space between each part and comparing this in each area of the scalp. It is also important to examine other hair-bearing areas for abnormalities of hair growth, as this can further aid in the diagnosis.
There are specific tests that may be helpful during hair examination. The hair pull test should be performed on all patients with the complaint of hair loss, as it is especially helpful in identifying active hair loss. To perform this test, grasp 50-60 strands of hair close to the scalp surface and gently apply traction by sliding fingers along the hair. The presence of more than 10% (six or more) of easily extractable hairs indicates a positive test.8 The hair pull test should be repeated on three separate areas of the scalp. The proximal ends of the extracted hairs should be examined visually or microscopically to determine the growth phase of the hair. Hairs in the anagen phase will have a pigmented bulb, while those in the telogen phase will have a white bulb. (See Figure 1.) This will help distinguish between breakage and hair shed from the scalp, as hairs that are shed will have the bulb on the proximal end. The hair shaft can be tested for fragility by grasping hair fibers in two places and pulling in opposite directions. Many clinicians visually inspect the hair under microscopy. This is especially helpful in patients with diffuse hair shedding to determine if the hair is in the anagen or telogen phase, or is broken. Trichoscopy is another technique that uses a handheld magnifier to visualize skin structures with more detail. Certain dermoscopic patterns suggestive of different types of hair loss are outside of the scope of this discussion.
Performing a scalp biopsy may be helpful to establish a diagnosis in cases that are not clear, especially in scarring alopecias. Ideally, two 4 mm punch biopsies should be taken from the periphery of the patch of hair loss. (See Figure 2.) The pathologist should examine one biopsy in the vertical section and the other in the transverse section to give a higher diagnostic yield. It is important to avoid performing a biopsy in completely bald areas, as results will be nonspecific and only show signs of scarring. The biopsy specimen should follow the direction of the hair growth and extend into the fat, where the bulbs of hair follicles usually reside.9 Laboratory studies will be guided based on the clinical presentation and suspected underlying etiology. See Table 2 for a list of the most commonly ordered labs.10,11
In general, hair loss is categorized as scarring (cicatricial) alopecia, non-scarring alopecia, and structural hair disorders. (See Tables 3 and 4.) This article will focus on the most common causes of both scarring and non-scarring alopecia that will be encountered in a primary care setting. (See Table 5.)
Telogen effluvium. In a normal scalp, 10-15% of hairs will be in the telogen growth phase, during which approximately 100 to 150 hairs are shed each day. Telogen effluvium is defined as an increased shedding of telogen hairs that occurs in response to a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions.12 Excessive hair shedding usually begins about three months after an inciting event. This delayed response is because of the period of time it takes for a hair follicle to finally be shed after entering the telogen phase, which lasts approximately three months. Any patient presenting with diffuse hair shedding should be evaluated for common triggers that may have occurred in the six months before the onset of hair loss. See Table 6 for a list of the most common causes. If the etiology of suspected telogen effluvium is unclear, it may be useful to evaluate for systemic causes. The workup should include thyroid and metabolic panels, iron studies, and sedimentation rate. A scalp biopsy should be considered in persistent cases lasting more than six months.
The hair loss in telogen effluvium is diffuse and involves the entire scalp. It also may involve the pubic and axillary hair. In pure telogen effluvium, there should be no evidence of inflammation both clinically and histologically. A hair pull test likely will be positive, and extracted hairs will have the characteristic white telogen bulb on the proximal end. The prognosis is favorable, and complete hair regrowth is expected; therefore, treatment is usually unnecessary. Proper counseling of expectations is extremely important for the patient’s peace of mind in these cases.
Anagen effluvium. Anagen effluvium is characterized by extensive hair loss as a result of an acute interruption of the anagen growth phase. Hair loss occurs two weeks following an inciting event, with the most common cause being initiation of chemotherapy. Anagen effluvium caused by chemotherapy usually is reversible except in some cases after treatment with busulfan or docetaxel. Other causes of anagen effluvium include radiation, mercury ingestion, thallium exposure, and severe protein malnutrition.8
Medication-induced hair loss. Medication-induced hair loss usually presents as a diffuse, non-scarring, reversible alopecia.8 It typically only affects the scalp, lacks inflammation, and is more common in women. Discontinuation of the inciting medication leads to recovery of hair in almost all cases. Most medications are associated with telogen hair loss. Common classes of medications with telogen hair loss or hair thinning as an adverse effect include psychotropics, anticoagulants, oral contraceptives containing progesterone, retinoids, antimicrobials, antithyroid medications, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, antiretrovirals, and androgen hormones.7,8 (See Table 7.)
Alopecia areata. Alopecia areata is a non-scarring hair loss that is thought to be an autoimmune disease involving T lymphocytes. It most commonly presents as an abrupt onset of circular patches of alopecia without evidence of scarring. (See Figure 3.) The eyebrows and beard hair often are involved. Patients are typically young and may have a personal or family history of autoimmune disease. A characteristic feature of active disease is short hairs that are broader at the distal end than the proximal end; these are called “exclamation point” hairs. There are several other rare presentations of alopecia areata. The loss of all scalp hair is called alopecia totalis and the loss of all scalp and body hair is called alopecia universalis. The ophiasis pattern is characterized by a band-like loss of hair along the temporal and occipital scalp.13 In all cases, the hairs initially may be white or grey with regrowth but usually re-pigment with time. The nails also may be involved, with nail pitting as the most common finding.
Alopecia areata often has a chronic, relapsing nature, and disease course is difficult to predict. Treatment is largely symptomatic and does not prevent relapse. There are numerous therapies available. First-line therapy for localized disease usually involves potent topical and intralesional corticosteroids. Single patches have a good prognosis even without treatment, as 80% of patients with a single patch present for less than one year will enter remission spontaneously.14 Poor prognostic factors include early onset, persistence for more than one year, family history, associated nail changes, and the ophiasis pattern.
Infectious. Two notable infectious causes of hair loss should be considered: tinea capitis and syphilis. Dermatophyte infection of the scalp or tinea capitis occurs more commonly in children, particularly black children, and is relatively rare in adults. The clinical picture varies depending on the causative organism; however, focal or multifocal patches of alopecia with or without scale is the most common presentation. Often there are broken hairs that resemble “black dots” on exam. (See Figure 4.) Severe cases may result in formation of a kerion, which is an edematous, purulent plaque with overlying alopecia. The hair usually returns following appropriate treatment. However, the longer an infection persists, the more likely it is to cause a scarring alopecia, which is why it is important to consider and exclude a fungal infection in a patient with hair loss. The presence of posterior cervical lymphadenopathy in tinea capitis is a helpful way to differentiate it from less inflammatory causes of patchy alopecia, such as alopecia areata.7
A rare percentage of patients with secondary syphilis present with localized, patchy, non-scarring alopecia. The characteristic clinical pattern is described as a “moth-eaten” appearance in which there are numerous, small patches of hair loss scattered over the entire scalp. Secondary syphilis also may present with diffuse hair loss. Other diseases that could present with a similar “moth-eaten” appearance include alopecia areata, tinea capitis, trichotillomania, and lupus. Although a rare finding in secondary syphilis, all sexually active patients with otherwise unexplained hair loss and a high clinical suspicion should be tested for syphilis. Hair regrowth usually occurs within three months with appropriate treatment with penicillin G.15
Trichotillomania. Trichotillomania is a self-induced disorder in which the hair is repeatedly plucked or pulled resulting in hair breakage and hair loss. The onset of this condition is common in childhood and adolescence and often is associated with underlying psychological disorders. The hair loss is usually in irregular patches with bizarre or geometric borders that contain hairs of varying lengths. Plucking often results in fractures of the hair shaft, which causes the emerging hairs to feel rough on physical exam. There are limited randomized, controlled studies for treatment of trichotillomania. Referral to a mental health professional and cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended over pharmacologic therapy. However, multiple studies have shown the benefit of clomipramine as a pharmacologic agent.16 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been tried but with low success rates. N-acetylcysteine may be effective in reducing hair pulling symptoms.17 Occasionally this condition will resolve without treatment if the hair pulling occurs in infancy or in young children.
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Also known as male or female pattern baldness, AGA is caused by a hereditary trait resulting in abnormal conversion of terminal hairs to vellus hairs. It is androgen-dependent and results from elevated dihydrotestosterone levels in both men and women. By 70 years of age, at least 80% of men and 50% of women will have AGA.18 Patients usually complain of thinning hair and do not experience significant shedding. In men, the hair loss typically is symmetric thinning of the vertex and frontotemporal scalp. (See Figure 5.) In women, the most common pattern is symmetric thinning of the crown, which creates a characteristic “Christmas tree” pattern with more loss in the frontal area. (See Figure 6.) In addition, women will have preservation of the frontal hairline. Less commonly, they also may have thinning in the more typical male patterns. Minoxidil 2% and 5% is FDA approved for male pattern hair loss, with preference given to the 5% strength. Minoxidil also is approved for female pattern hair loss, and there is no difference between the male and female versions of the solution. Oral finasteride (1 mg daily) is FDA approved for use in men and also is used off-label in postmenopausal women at doses of 2.5-5 mg daily.19 Oral spironolactone and combined oral contraceptive pills also have been shown to be effective in premenopausal women because of the antiandrogen effects. It is important to remember that appropriate contraception should be used in those of childbearing potential while taking spironolactone.7,11
Traction alopecia. Traction alopecia results in repeated tension on the hair, usually from hair styling practices. The most common presentation is in young black females with bitemporal or frontal hair loss. (See Figure 7.) Initially, the hair loss is non-scarring, and regrowth can occur if the hair styling practices are modified. If the traction continues repeatedly for years, there is the potential for permanent loss, also called “end-stage” or “burnt-out” traction alopecia.2 Other less common causes of non-scarring alopecia include loose anagen syndrome, temporal triangular alopecia, and pressure-induced alopecia.
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA). Formerly known as “hot comb alopecia,” this type of hair loss is the most common form of scarring alopecia in black patients, especially females.20 Although the cause is not known completely, the current hypothesis is that it results from an anatomic abnormality that predisposes these patients to follicular damage.21 It often presents as a patch of hair loss on the crown or vertex scalp that expands in a roughly symmetric, centrifugal pattern. (See Figure 8.) The greatest disease activity occurs in the peripheral zone that surrounds the patch of alopecia.22 Patients may complain of mild burning or tenderness in the involved areas. Caustic hair products, such as hot combs or chemical relaxers, may aggravate the disease or hasten its progression. Thus, it is important to counsel patients to stop all traumatic hair practices.23 Treatment with a high-potency topical steroid (clobetasol or fluocinonide) plus a long-acting oral tetracycline (doxycycline or minocycline) usually is sufficient to halt disease progression.24 It is important to counsel patients that prolonged treatment is necessary, often for several years. For highly inflammatory cases that present with pustules, referral to a specialist is recommended.
Lichen planopilaris (classic, frontal fibrosing alopecia, Graham-Little syndrome). Lichen planopilaris most commonly affects middle-aged Caucasian women between 40-60 years of age.25 Although the etiology is unknown, up to 50% of patients will have lesions of lichen planus at other sites, including nails and mucous membranes.26 The clinical presentation is widely variable, but it often presents as several foci of partial hair loss with prominent perifollicular erythema and follicular spines. Anagen hairs can be pulled out easily during the hair pull test in active areas of alopecia.27 The hair loss usually starts at the parietal scalp, and patients often complain of pruritus, a burning sensation, and/or tenderness of the affected areas.9 Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a distinctive clinical subset that results in progressive hair loss from the anterior hairline of the frontal scalp. (See Figure 9.) A characteristic finding in FFA is a few isolated hairs within the band of alopecia, which is referred to as the “lonely hair sign.”28 It is important to examine the eyebrows of these patients, as the lateral eyebrow also frequently is affected.29 If a biopsy is performed, it should be taken from areas with perifollicular erythema, because this clinical finding represents active disease. Often, treatment is difficult and disappointing. First-line therapy includes topical or intralesional steroids, but patients often require additional systemic medications such as hydroxychloroquine.30
Discoid lupus erythematosus. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is classified as a type of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Most often, this type occurs independent of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but patients with localized DLE above the neck have a 5-10% risk of progression to SLE.31 Early evidence of DLE is nonspecific, with patches of hair loss and variable perifollicular erythema. Eventually, these patches progress to discrete, erythematous plaques covered by an adherent scale that extends into hair follicles, resulting in follicular plugging. If this scale is removed, “carpet tack spines” may be visible underneath, representing the plugging. As the plaques continue to enlarge, there is active inflammation at the periphery, resulting in hyperpigmentation, with healing of the central portion, leaving behind atrophic, hypopigmented scars.32 The areas of alopecia vary in size, but often are round in shape, hence the name “discoid.” In addition to the scalp, the conchal bowl also frequently is involved and should be examined to help aid with diagnosis.33 (See Figure 10.) A punch biopsy taken from the active edge of the lesion is usually diagnostic. Biopsies of the central portion should be avoided because results will be nonspecific and only show evidence of scarring.
Further screening labs to evaluate for SLE should be considered based on a full review of systems, and should include an ANA, CBC, CMP, and possible complement studies. Treatment includes photoprotection, with broad spectrum sunscreen and protective hats and clothing. For localized cases, a topical potent steroid can be applied twice daily. If there is no improvement, intralesional triamcinolone can be injected (5-10 mg/mL). Hydroxychloroquine is the most commonly used oral therapy at a dose of
200 mg twice daily.9 However, it is important to note that patients typically require two to three months of oral therapy before efficacy can be assessed.
Acne keloidalis nuchae. Acne keloidalis nuchae classically affects young black patients, particularly men.34 While the pathogenesis is unknown, it is commonly found in association with CCCA, suggesting a related underlying cause that has not been determined. It often presents as multiple small, smooth, firm papules with scattered pustules in the occipital scalp and posterior neck. (See Figure 11.) With time, these papules tend to coalesce into hairless, keloid-like, protuberant plaques. Treatment is most efficacious if initiated during the papular phase. The standard therapy includes a strong topical steroid such as clobetasol, and a long-acting oral antibiotic such as doxycycline.35 Patients also should avoid close shaving or trimming of the posterior hairline, as well as avoid irritation from tight-fitting hats or helmets.
Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp. While uncommon, dissecting cellulitis is a distinct clinical entity most commonly seen in young adult black men between 20-40 years of age.35 The pathogenesis is secondary to follicular hyperkeratosis that results in occlusion of the follicle with accumulation of sebaceous and keratinous material. Eventually this material is released into the dermis, which triggers an inflammatory reaction followed by sinus tract formation and often bacterial superinfections.35 Dissecting cellulitis is part of the “follicular occlusion tetrad,” which also includes hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobate, and pilonidal cysts. Lesions present as firm nodules found on the mid vertex and upper occipital scalp. The nodules rapidly develop into interconnecting, boggy, fluctuant ridges that eventually discharge purulent material. The lesions typically are asymptomatic, and patients present complaining of hair loss and a foul-smelling discharge. However, some patients have significant pain. Systemic medications frequently are required for treatment, and in some cases a biologic medication may be required. Patients should be referred to a specialist for management of this condition.
Other less common causes of scarring alopecia that will not be discussed include erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp, alopecia mucinosa, pseudopelade of Brocq, end-stage alopecia (burnt out), folliculitis decalvans, and end-stage traction alopecia.
Acquired and inherited structural disorders can result in brittle or fragile hair that easily breaks or has the appearance of failure to grow. Two of the most common acquired structural hair abnormalities are acquired trichorrhexis nodosa and trichoptilosis (commonly referred to as “split ends”), both of which may occur as a result of harmful hair care practices, such as chemical processing, excessive brushing or teasing of hair, or the application of excessive heat.36
Examples of genetic conditions that cause hair fragility and excessive hair breakage include Menkes disease, monilethrix, trichothiodystrophy, trichorrhexis invaginata, and numerous others. Because of the rarity of these disorders, further discussion is outside the scope of this article.
When to Refer
Ultimately, if the underlying cause of hair loss is unclear, patients should be referred to a dermatologist. In addition, patients with extensive alopecia areata may benefit from referral to a dermatologist for more intensive therapies than were discussed in this article. Patients with scarring hair loss often are difficult to manage and may warrant referral regardless of the underlying cause.
- Farvolden D, Mahalingham M. The structure of the human hair follicle. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:717.
- Childs JM, Sperling LC. Histopathology of scarring and nonscarring hair loss. Dermatol Clin 2013;31:43-56.
- Myung P, Ito M. Dissecting the bulge in hair regeneration. J Clin Invest 2012;122:448-454.
- Price VH. Treatment of hair loss. N Engl J Med 1999;341:964-973.
- Hiort O. Androgens and puberty. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;16:31-41.
- Mubki T, Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, Shapiro J. Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: Part I. History and clinical examination. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014;71:415.e1-415.e15.
- Sperling L, Sinclair R, el Shabrawi-Caelen L. Alopecias. In: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. Dermatology. Vol. 1, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012: 1093-1109.
- Patel M, Harrison S, Sinclair R. Drugs and hair loss. Dermatol Clin 2013;31:67-73.
- Ross EK, Tan E, Shapiro J. Update on primary cicatricial alopecias. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:1-37; quiz 38-40.
- Gordon KA, Tosti A. Alopecia: Evaluation and treatment. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2011;4:101-106.
- Olsen EA, Messenger AG, Shapiro J, et al. Evaluation and treatment of male and female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:301-311.
- Kligman AM. Pathologic dynamics of human hair loss. I. Telogen effuvium. Arch Dermatol 1961;83:175-198.
- Gilhar A, Etzioni A, Paus R. Alopecia areata. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1515-1525.
- Brzezinska-Wcislo L, Bergler-Czop B, Wcisto-Dziadecka D, Lis-Swiety A. New aspects of the treatment of alopecia areata. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2014;31:262-265.
- Qiao J, Fang H. Moth-eaten alopecia: A sign of secondary syphilis. CMAJ 2013;185:61.
- McGuire JF, Ung D, Selles RR, et al. Treating trichotillomania: A meta-analysis of treatment effects and moderators for behavior therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Psychiatr Res 2014;58:76-83.
- Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Kim SW. N-acetylcysteine, a glutamate modulator, in the treatment of trichotillomania: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66:756-763.
- Gan DC, Sinclair RD. Prevalence of male and female pattern hair loss in Maryborough. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2005;10:184-189.
- Brough KR, Torgerson RR. Hormonal therapy in female pattern hair loss. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017;3:53-57.
- Herskovitz I, Miteva M. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: Challenges and solutions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016;9:175-181.
- Sperling LC, Sau P. The follicular degeneration syndrome in black patients. ‘Hot comb alopecia’ revisited and revised. Arch Dermatol 1992;128:68-74.
- Suchonwanit P, Hector CE, Bin Saif GA, McMichael AJ. Factors affecting the severity of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Int J Dermatol 2016;55:e338-343.
- Gathers RC, Lim HW. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: Past, present, and future. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:660-668.
- Fu JM, Price VH. Approach to hair loss in women of color. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2009;28:109-114.
- Assouly P, Reygagne P. Lichen planopilaris: Update on diagnosis and treatment. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2009;28:3-10.
- Tang L, Sundberg JP, Lui H, Shapiro J. Old wine in new bottles: Reviving old therapies for alopecia areata using rodent models. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2003;8:212-216.
- Kang H, Alzolibani AA, Otberg N, Shapiro J. Lichen planopilaris. Dermatol Ther 2008;21:249-256.
- Tosti A, Miteva M, Torres F. Lonely hair: A clue to the diagnosis of frontal fibrosing alopecia. Arch Dermatol 2011;147:1240.
- MacDonald A, Clark C, Holmes S. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: A review of 60 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:955-961.
- Chiang C, Sah D, Cho BK, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and lichen planopilaris: Efficacy and introduction of Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index scoring system. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:387-392.
- Chong BF, Song J, Olsen NJ. Determining risk factors for developing systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 2012;166:29-35.
- Rowell NR. Laboratory abnormalities in the diagnosis and management of lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1971;84:210-216.
- Elman SA, Joyce C, Nyberg F, et al. Development of classification criteria for discoid lupus erythematosus: Results of a Delphi exercise. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017;77:261-267.
- Kelly AP. Pseudofolliculitis barbae and acne keloidalis nuchae. Dermatol Clin 2003;21:645-653.
- Shapero J, Shapero H. Acne keloidalis nuchae is scar and keloid formation secondary to mechanically induced folliculitis. J Cutan Med Surg 2011;15:238-240.
- Sisto T, Bussoletti C, D’Amore A, et al. Inability to grow long hair: A presentation of trichorrhexis nodosa. Cutis 2015;95:E15-16.

domain: biology


text:
Prairie junegrass and tufted hairgrass are two turfgrass species that are native to the United States and require less water, fertilizer, and pesticide compared with more commonly used turfgrass species such as Kentucky bluegrass. However, little is known about the resistance of these low-input turfgrasses to common turfgrass diseases. The primary objective of this research was to identify disease-resistant germplasm of both prairie junegrass and tufted hairgrass that can be used in future low-input turfgrass breeding efforts. A total of 41 populations of tufted hairgrass and 23 populations of prairie junegrass were evaluated for resistance to Microdochium patch, dollar spot, and rust development in a controlled environment. Genetic variation in disease resistance was clearly present in the unimproved germplasm of both prairie junegrass and tufted hairgrass, providing important direction for future breeding efforts that will allow wider implementation of low-input turfgrass species.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
Funding: This material is based on research supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 2009-34381-20044.

domain: literature


Each Friday, Billboard presents Bubbling Under, a weekly look at new and noteworthy acts making their way toward Billboard chart success. Up this week: Celeste Buckingham, RAC, Que and Signature
Eighteen-year-old singer Celeste Buckingham is poised to make her airplay chart debut with “Run Run Run.” The big-voiced artist, who previously competed on the Czech version of “American Idol,” is receiving early support from Radio Disney. The Mr. 305-signed act’s introductory single was the outlet’s No. 23 most-played song of the Dec. 30-Jan. 5 Nielsen BDS tracking week with 30 plays.
RAC makes moves toward the Alternative airplay chart with the catchy, dance-leaning “Let Go,” featuring Kele and MNDR (Interscope). SiriusXM’s Alt Nation leads with 532 plays for the track through Jan. 5. Formerly the “Remix Artists Collective,” known for more than 200 remixes since its 2007 inception, RAC is now the solo project of André Allen Anjos. The act reached No. 9 on Heatseekers Albums in October with “Let Go” parent EP “Don’t Talk To.”
(Explicit language in video)
Recent Atlantic Records signee Que approaches the Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop airplay chart with his breakout single “O.G. Bobby Johnson.” The cut, released on the Forbes label, was named in honor of the character of the same name in the 1992 urban film “South Central”; coincidentally, the track’s producer is also named Bobby Johnson. WJMH Greensboro, N.C., has led the song’s push with more than 250 plays to date and 53 spins in the Dec. 30-Jan. 5 tracking week, more than any other station on both counts.
Sister trio Signature – Bonnie Lett, Michelle Lett and Kristie Lett-Robinson – gains traction with “Bigger Than All,” which simmers beneath the Gospel Airplay chart with spins at 19 of the tally’s reporters. Previously known as the Lett Sisters, Signature hails from Birmingham, Ala., where the act’s members grew up singing at the Greater Grace Community Church, where their father, Charlie Lett, is the pastor. The Birmingham-released single is the lead track from the threesome’s upcoming second album.
Reporting by Keith Caulfield, Wade Jessen, Rauly Ramirez and Gary Trust of the Billboard charts department


text:
By Liz Premo, Atlantic News Staff Writer
Atlantic News, Thursday, May 24, 2001
[The following article is courtesy of Atlantic News.]
[Atlantic News Photo by Nancy Rineman]
HAMPTON -- Local and visiting surf enthusiasts will be "hangin' ten" all the way to Cinnamon Rainbows this weekend when the newly-expanded Hampton Beach surf shop holds its fantastic grand opening on Saturday, May 26 from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.
While the shop's recent move wasn't far at all (Cinnamon Rainbows went from the left to the right-hand side of Kennedy's Restaurant on Ocean Boulevard) owner Dave Cropper says that the area has "more than tripled in size" and has actually "moved closer to the beach."
Dave says, "We have quite a bit more room than we did in the old shop," making it possible for Cinnamon Rainbows to now offer "up to 300 surfboards and over 1000 wetsuits," with recognizable brand names such as Quicksilver, Billabong, and Roxy.
"We have locally made boards by Shane Smith, as well as many other West Coast and Hawaiian boards," Dave says. "Boogie boards, skim boards, a lot more beach gear" (including beach chairs and swimwear), and "all sorts of surfing accessories" are also readily available at Cinnamon Rainbows expanded location.
"It's definitely an equipment-dominated surf shop," promises Dave, who adds that plans include "expanding a section for kids and women" too.
Visitors to the May 26 open house will have the opportunity to connect with Cinnamon Rainbows helpful and knowledgeable staff and hear about the different promotions planned for Summer 2001, including visits by professional surfers.
Currently appearing on the schedule are members of the Rusty Surfboard Team on June 11; Michael Baron of Byrne Surfboards (with some team riders) on June 16; and Robert August, "Wingnut," and 1966 world champ Corky Carroll (from the "Endless Summer" surfing movie) on the 4th of July weekend.
Famous names aside, Dave says he's "really excited" about being able to serve Cinnamon Rainbows customers with a more extensive selection of merchandise in the new, larger surroundings, at what he calls "New England's biggest surf shop."
"The surfing community here is a really good group of people," says Dave. "They deserve a shop like this."

domain: news


text:
We named this post “the science of drug and alcohol treatment” because there is a known cycle that takes place in human beings that cause habits. Habits can be valuable and habits can also be harmful.
Now, when we’re talking about addiction to harmful substances, that is, of course, a dangerous addiction.
The known cycle that creates habits is called the “momentum cycle.”
Here’s a typical scenario we’ll use as an example of how an addiction may form, which takes place long before a person seeks drug and alcohol treatment. So, imagine that a girl named Jenny experienced a small failure at her workplace. Let’s say she didn’t make as many calls as the boss asked her to do, and her boss reminds her of her failed task. She feels bad about her failed mission, so she doesn’t have much confidence. To relieve her bad feeling, she goes out for a drink with a friend. That’s an action. That work feels good but leads to another drink. Then when she arrives home, she thinks about her boss and her failure again, so she feels like she’d like to drink a little more. If she continues to take the action to drink every time she feels bad about her minor “failure” at work, the efforts will turn into a habit. Once that pattern is formed, and Jenny is actively drinking regularly, she will keep thinking about the “failure” and drinking more, causing momentum for the new habit. At this point, Jenny could stop drinking and change her thinking. She could have a friendly talk with her to figure out how she could succeed.. or she could seek drug and alcohol treatment. Those would be positive changes in her cycle, which would change her habit for the better.. But, if she continues to drink, her practice will gain more and more momentum with every little failure at work.
If you’re at the point where Jenny was, where you started trying a substance to feel better about a failure in your life, you can take the action that will change your projected habit. That golden action is to seek drug and alcohol treatment. To get it started, just give us a call today, we’ll be happy to connect you to the perfect positive facility in your area for treatment.

domain: psychology


text:
New research finds the patented pine bark extract can reverse tinnitus and vertigo – two symptoms of Meniere’s disease.
Latest Research from Heal Naturally
A large study has found that light to moderate drinking increases heart disease risk – proving earlier research wrong. This study utilized a gene variant to confirm alcohol consumption.
Acinetobacter baumannii superbug infections are on the rise and are now one of the most prevalent causes of hospital acquired infections and ventilator-related pneumonia. Find out how nature may be our last resort to fight this multi-drug resistant species.
We all knew raisins were healthy. But now we find they reduce blood pressure and reduce the risk of diabetes and obesity.
Research has confirmed that second hand smoke results in significantly increased artery thickening and greater incidence of heart disease and stroke among children in the household.
Research is discovering that the metabolically active form of vitamin D3 (actually more of a hormone) can significantly inhibit hepatitis C infections. The supplemented form of vitamin D3 does not have the same effect.
Playing outside is critical for a child’s health. New research finds it also decreases ADHD risk and risk of vision problems.
Research confirms that a Mediterranean diet can successfully prevent as well as treat type 2 diabetes, as well as reduce the need for diabetes medication.
New research finds that a verbena plant called Pepper-rosmarin inhibits oral bacteria that produce cavities and gum disease – and keeps those levels low.
Research from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine has determined that plant-based foods decrease anxiety and depression and boost energy and performance – reversing fatigue. The study also found weight loss and reduced cholesterol.
New research confirms that vitamin D deficiency is linked with greater cognitive decline. Unfortunately, vitamin D supplementation doesn’t seem to reverse the decline. Find out why.
Clinical research finds black sesame seeds reduce hypertension and contributes antioxidants. Do white sesame seeds have the same properties? Find out.
Genetically modified bananas are coming. The new genetic manipulation is aimed to help reverse vitamin A deficiency, just as the GMO Golden Rice was aimed at. Yet just like Golden Rice, the new banana may not be such a bright idea.
Pomegranate has come under scrutiny following two clinical trials. However, polyphenol content and dose may be the issue. Other new research shows pomegranate and other polyphenol-rich foods reduce PSA rise.


Avenge QT: Spot and Stain Remover has a neutral pH and yet will remove over 85% of stains from carpet and upholstery safely and effectively! Avenge has a unique synergistic action that works extremely well on most water-based stains, as well as many combination oil/water-based stains.
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PhD Position in Accountable Governance (1.0 FTE)
The Utrecht School of Governance is looking for a PhD Candidate in Accountable Governance. Are you interested? Then please read the full profile and apply.
- Domplein, Utrecht, Utrecht
- Tijdelijk contract / Tijdelijke opdracht
- Uren per week:
- 38 - 40 uur
- € 2222 - € 2840 per maand
At the Utrecht School of Governance (USG) a PhD Position is available within the NWO-VIDI-project 'Calibrating Public Accountability'. The overall research project aims to innovate accountability research by connecting insights from psychology to the study of the governance and accountability of public sector organizations. The project is organized around a theoretical model, derived from psychology, which will be tested and connected to real-world contexts of public administration. The PhD candidate will be part of the core team in Utrecht, cooperating with international colleagues and public sector organizations in the Netherlands. Various research methods (survey, experiments, qualitative-ethnographic) will be deployed which will lead to theoretical innovation and practical lessons on how to improve the governance and accountability of public sector organizations.
The PhD candidate will build on the insights already generated in the project and should fit in the existing team. It is simultaneously important, though, that the PhD candidate can develop her/his own perspective and approaches to this research project.
The aim is to focus on the impact of external accountability on decisions and behaviors inside public sector organizations. This project aims to understand how external accountability to central government shapes decisions and behaviors inside various public organizations, such as for instance government agencies, cultural institutions (such as museums) or housing corporations. Accountability can be a source of frustration but can also stimulate people and organizations to improve themselves. With this project, we aim to unravel when and how external accountability can help public sector organizations to improve themselves.
In this project you will reach beyond what public managers and employees write or say about accountability but observe and analyze in-depth what they actually do, including strategic behaviors. This can be studied with different research methods: we are open to different methodological approaches, ranging from experiments to surveys, case studies or ethnographic fieldwork. It is possible to conduct some of the research abroad.
Your tasks will consist of:
- reading the relevant literature;
- designing, coordinating and conducting research;
- analyzing data;
- writing scientific papers for peer-reviewed journals;
- presenting at national and international scientific conferences;
- participating in regular project team meetings with all partners to ensure project alignment;
- teaching (max. 0.1 FTE).
We are looking for a new colleague with:
- a completed (Research) Master in Public Administration, Governance and Organization, Political Science, Sociology or Organizational/Social Psychology;
- affinity with the core themes public accountability, public sector governance or decision-making in organizations;
- methodological skills in qualitative/ethnographic, quantitative or experimental research is an advantage;
- interest in multidisciplinary research;
- good command of English language;
- academic writing skills;
- good social, organizational and communicative skills;
- a preference for working in an academic community, with collaboration in both research and education.
We offer a temporary position (1.0 FTE) for one and a half year. The preferred starting is 1 September 2018. The position is extendable by a further two and a half years upon satisfactory performance. The gross salary ranges between €2,222 and €2,840 (scale P according to the Collective Labour Agreement Dutch Universities) gross per month for a full-time employment. Salaries are supplemented with a holiday bonus of 8 % and a year-end bonus of 8.3 % per year. We offer a pension scheme, (partly paid) parental leave, collective insurance schemes and flexible employment conditions (multiple choice model). More information is available at: working at Utrecht University.


Shame on John McCainQuicklink submitted by Joan Brunwasser Permalink
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text:
A few tax planning ideas to consider before the end of the calendar year by Steven Woolf, Senior Tax Policy Counsel of The Jewish Federations of North America. Please note that the items discussed would require immediate action
Now that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has been approved by Congress, there are a few questions that donors should consider before the end of the calendar year:
Will I continue to itemize? If your total of mortgage interest, allowable medical expense, $10,000 of state and local taxes, and charitable contributions don’t add up to more than $12,000 (individual) or $24,000 (married filing jointly), you probably will not be itemizing next year and the years after. Under the new tax law starting in 2018, the standard deduction will be $12,000 for individuals and $24,000 for married couples filing jointly.
What can I do before December 31? Consider accelerating deductions before year-end, such as making additional charitable contributions, especially if they won’t provide a tax benefit next year.
What’s the best way to pay for the donation? If you have stock or other securities that have appreciated in value, it probably makes sense to contribute these assets to charities such as the federation rather than making a cash gift. You may be able to take a deduction for the full-market value of the stock and you will avoid any capital gains tax on any accumulated appreciation by donated the asset.
Do donor-advised funds make sense? Yes, these funds are easy to establish with a federation or Jewish community foundation and the contributions can be tax deductible this year, even if the funds are granted to another charity next year or later. And the funds can be invested and will grow tax-free until granted.
Do IRA charitable rollovers still make sense? For those who have IRAs and are over age 70 ½, the IRA charitable rollover can be another easy way to give directly to a public charity such as the federation. But keep in mind that donor-advised funds are not a qualified recipient of IRA rollover contributions.
This article is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, tax or financial advice. When considering gift planning strategies, you should always consult with your own legal and tax advisors.

domain: law


text:
Much like cancer, Alzheimer's, COPD, and other progressive diseases, heart failure (sometimes called congestive heart failure) is staged according to the extent of damage already done -- in this case, to the heart. The doctor performs staging based on specific tests that assess the size, structure, and strength of the heart and the volume of blood it's able to pump.
This stage is also called pre-heart failure. It suggests that there's a high risk of developing heart failure, but the heart hasn't suffered any structural damage yet, according to the tests that were performed.
What it means: As a caregiver, knowing and understanding the stage of your loved one's heart failure will help you understand the lifestyle changes and treatment the medical team recommends and what they expect in terms of management and improvement or progression. A diagnosis of Stage A heart failure tells the doctor that your loved one has danger signs for developing heart failure, so she's going to base her treatment recommendations on controlling those underlying problems. Together you'll be taking important steps to bring your loved one's blood pressure and cholesterol levels under control, treat coronary artery disease (CAD), and reduce other risk factors such as smoking and being overweight.
What to ask the doctor: What can we do to prevent heart failure symptoms from developing? How will we know treatment is working?
Tests reveal structural damage to the heart, but the person you're caring for isn't experiencing symptoms.
What it means: Your loved one's heart has been damaged by cardiovascular problems, but he or she is lucky and hasn't yet begun to experience symptoms. With aggressive treatment to control the underlying issues, it may be possible to prevent heart failure from progressing or to keep progression as slow as possible. As a caregiver, your concern will be how to encourage your loved one to make lifestyle changes and treat underlying heart health problems, such as hypertension and coronary artery disease, so he or she doesn't develop symptoms.
What to ask the doctor: How will we know if treatment is working? What should I watch for in terms of early heart failure symptoms?
Tests reveal structural damage, and the person you're caring for is experiencing mild to moderate symptoms.
What it means: The symptoms your loved one is experiencing are caused by heart failure, but they're in the mild to moderate range right now. Don't be discouraged if Stage C sounds advanced; keep in mind that Stage A is pre-heart failure. Many heart failure patients, with good treatment and symptom management, surprise everyone -- including themselves -- by reducing their symptoms and regaining quality of life. What you'll focus on at this stage is managing your loved one's treatment to relieve symptoms, prevent ongoing damage to the heart muscle, and -- with the right medications --even reverse some of the damage.
What to ask the doctor: What are your expectations for treatment and for reducing my loved one's symptoms? (Once you know what the doctor hopes your loved one will gain from treatment, you can set a goal for yourself to beat those expectations.)
There's significant structural damage, and your loved one's symptoms are severe.
What it means: As you already know, the person you're caring for has been experiencing symptoms that are significantly interfering with his or her daily life. The good news is that now that you have a diagnosis, the medical team will put together a treatment plan designed to help your loved one be more comfortable. It's also possible that with adequate treatment, heart failure symptoms can be controlled enough that he or she can regain some strength and become more active. However, at this stage hospitalization may be necessary if your loved one's symptoms worsen, so it's important to know the danger signs that should trigger a call to the doctor or trip to the ER.
What to ask the doctor: Be sure you have everything you need to fully understand all the doctor's treatment goals and instructions. If you'll be managing your loved one's treatment, you're in the hot seat, so don't be shy about asking all the questions you need to. Make especially sure you have a list of all medications, the dosage schedule, and any side effects to watch for.
If the doctor has recommended additional tests, specialists to see, or programs such as cardiac rehabilitation, make sure you know what they are and what to do next to schedule or access them. If your family member is going to have advanced therapies, such as a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or intravenous medication delivered continuously by a pump worn at home, make sure you know how the therapy works and what's required for home use.
Everyone's different, but at this stage some caregivers want to know what to expect down the line. If you prefer to be able to look ahead and prepare, tell the doctor that and ask her to "give it to you straight" in terms of your loved one's prognosis.
Note: This stage used to be called "end stage" and you may still hear this term used, but it's no longer in favor because new treatment options are making it possible for many people to live a long time with good quality of life with Stage D heart failure.

domain: medical


text:
Overnight, but more often over a mysterious, unmeasurable unit of time, a signature role can turn into a typecasting albatross, even as it sets the course for an actor's destiny and financial fortunes.
Eighty-five minutes of really funny, the New Zealand vampire mockumentary "What We Do in the Shadows" comes from the "Flight of the Conchords" folks and their pals. Let me restate: This is a comedy that works.
Amy Morton is such a fine, strong, honest stage actress, it's no wonder she has branched out successfully to being a series regular on "Chicago P.D." (though her first TV work came way back in 1983) and a fair amount of films, "Up in the Air" among them (she played George Clooney's sister)....
The courtroom drama is among the cinema's most irresistible genres, where rigid formula (the expected) meets the blurted-out confession or the pent-up and finally detonated hidden truth (the unexpected). In the week's best new film, a highly compressed, exquisitely acted tale of two people...
In August 2016, Will Smith and Margot Robbie will lead the ensemble of the DC Comics adaptation "Suicide Squad," a presumptive superantihero franchise in the making. Meantime, consider the new film "Focus" as a sort of Intro-to-Chemistry test for the same actors. Do they pass?
Would you get on a plane to go to the Oscars if you hoped your film was about to win one?
“Birdman” won big Sunday at the Oscars, in a triumph of highly noticeable, kinetic filmmaking over the light-fingered “invisible” technique of its primary competition, “Boyhood.”
As we enter the weekend of the 87th Academy Awards, to be presented Sunday, the film version of "Fifty Shades of Grey" has clobbered its opening-week competition (even the enormous hit "American Sniper," up for six Oscars) and, for the moment, dominates the cinematic conversation in America.

domain: artistic


The following is a list of announcements made by the City of Bowling Green over the last year.
Jan 17, 2020
Summary: BGCAN will showcase the coming Census and the Warren County Public Library at their first Rally of the Neighborhoods on January 30, 2020.
Jan 15, 2020
Summary: Parker Bennett Community Center is hosting their annual Winter Dance, January 24 from 7pm-9pm. Free music, food and fun for 7-13 year olds to beat the winter blues.
Jan 15, 2020
Summary: Sealed bids will be received in the Procurement Manager’s Office, City Hall Annex, 1017 College Street, Bowling Green, Kentucky, until Wednesday, February 5, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. CT for the Moss Middle School Greenway Construction project.
Jan 15, 2020
Summary: On Thursday, 1/16, the circled area of Ken Bale Blvd will be reduced to 2 lanes to facilitate storm sewer & roundabout construction. Contractors will re-stripe the lanes & the speed limit will be reduced. This change will remain for several weeks. Use caution.
Jan 14, 2020
Summary: Registration is underway now through Feb. 28 for the next class of the City of Bowling Green's Over 50 Citizens Academy, a behind-the scenes look at City government and our community resources for an Age Friendly Bowling Green.
Jan 10, 2020
Summary: Beginning Monday, January 13, 2020, construction will continue on the Shive Lane Roundabout Project with the installation of the storm sewer system. Most work will not impact traffic, with the exception of street cuts that will need to be made.
Jan 9, 2020
Summary: Bowling Green Parks and Recreation will accept Adult Spring Indoor Volleyball registration beginning January 15 at 8 am online at https://playbgpr.bgky.org. For more information contact Pete Samios at 270.393.3624.
Jan 7, 2020
Summary: F.O. Moxley Community Center will be accepting registration online at https://playbgpr.bgky.org for Youth Kickball beginning January 13 at 10:00 am. Your child will get a "kick" playing a fun physical activity while making new friends. For more information contact 270.393.3734.
Dec 31, 2019
Summary: BGPR Fitness will host a Fitness Open House, January 14 & 15. Specials will be available for new and current members. Refreshments and door prizes will be given each day. Need more information contact BGPR Fitness at 270.393.3582.
Dec 30, 2019
Summary: Bowling Green Parks and Recreation will begin accepting shelter reservations for the 2020 calendar year on Monday, January 13 at 8:00 am for dates ranging from March 15-October 31. Reserve your shelter online at https://playbgpr.bgky.org.
Dec 13, 2019
Summary: Fairview Cemetery Staff & Greenwood High School students are hosting a Veteran's Holiday Wreath Ceremony, December 14 at 9 am. Holiday Wreaths will be placed in the Davis Hoffman Sections of the cemetery to remember fallen heroes and honor all Veterans and their families. Everyone is welcome!
Dec 13, 2019
Summary: Investigators with the Bowling Green Fire Department continue to investigate the cause of the structure fire that destroyed the Indian Hills Country Club on December 7, 2019
Dec 8, 2019
Summary: On Saturday December 7, 2019 at 7:39 p.m., the Bowling Green Fire Department was dispatched to the report of a possible structure fire at the Indian Hills Country Club at 200 Indian Hills Drive.
Dec 5, 2019
Summary: The City of Bowling Green will host the 2019 Christmas Open House on Friday, December 6, from 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. in City Hall and the surrounding property. This holiday event is open to the public and allows the residents of Bowling Green to meet with elected officials and City employees.
Dec 4, 2019
Summary: On Friday, December 6th at City Hall at 9:30 a.m., the City of Bowling Green, The District and Downtown Merchants will hold a “Christmas Bow Cutting” to kick off Christmas in downtown.
Nov 26, 2019
Summary: The City of Bowling will hold a ribbon cutting for the grand re-opening of the newly renovated Fountain Square Park on Tuesday, December 3rd, 2019 at 3 p.m. on the Square.
Nov 22, 2019
Summary: Bowling Green Parks and Recreation's Winter Biddy Ball Basketball Registration begins December at 10 am. This league teaches 3-5 year olds the fundamentals of basketball. Register online at https://playbgpr.bgky.org until August 15. For more information contact Christen Graves at 270.393.3734.
Nov 22, 2019
Summary: The Early Bird Sale for Russell Sims Aquatic Center's season passes begin December 2. Discounted passes can be purchased online at https://playbgpr.bgky.org until May 15, 2020.
Nov 21, 2019
Summary: Santa is making his list and checking it twice! Santa’s elves can hardly wait; it’s a festive time to celebrate. Children of all ages can come enjoy breakfast with Santa, December 7 at the F.O. Moxley Community Center. Be sure to have your list ready for him to take back to the North Pole, too.
Nov 20, 2019
Summary: Bowling Green Parks and Recreation is accepting registration for Spring Youth Lacrosse League online at https://playbgpr.bgky.org until February 28, 2020. This league is open to new & returning lacrosse players. Games begin in March 2020. For more information contact Pete Samios at 270.393.3624.
Nov 19, 2019
Summary: The City of Bowling Green is accepting applications for it's 5th annual Academy for New Americans thru January 3rd, 2020. Applications are accepted on a first-come basis and can be found at: https://www.bgky.org/new-americans
Nov 12, 2019
Summary: Neighborhood & Community Services is seeking nominations for its 20th annual Neighborhood Builders Awards, to be presented in December. Write or email your nomination by Wednesday, the day before Thanksgiving to: Karen.firstname.lastname@example.org P.O. Box 430, Bowling Green, KY 42102-0430.
Nov 11, 2019
Summary: F.O. Moxley Community Center is offering a personalized letter from the one and only, Santa! He's making his list and checking it twice! Registration will begin online November 13 at 10am thru December 4. Letters will be mailed by December 12.
Nov 8, 2019
Summary: Bowling Green Parks and Recreation will be accepting Adult Indoor Winter Volleyball Registration beginning November 11 at 8am online at https://playbgpr.bgky.org. Leagues include Coed A, Coed B, Coed C, and 4-Man. For more information contact Pete Samios at 270.393.3624.
Nov 8, 2019
Summary: F.O. Moxley Community Center will host a Family Gingerbread House Contest on December 13 from 6:00-7:30pm. Battle against other families while spending time with your own family.
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Welcome to our new web site!
To give our readers a chance to experience all that our new website has to offer, we have made all content freely avaiable, through October 1, 2018.
During this time, print and digital subscribers will not need to log in to view our stories or e-editions.
DRESDEN (November 23) — Dresden High School hosted Huntingdon Monday for a pair of non-district basketball contests. The Fillies took an early lead and pulled away in the second half for a …
DRESDEN (November 23) — Dresden High School hosted Huntingdon Monday for a pair of non-district basketball contests. The Fillies took an early lead and pulled away in the second half for a 49-32 victory. The Mustangs trailed in the first half, but rallied in the second to claim a 46-36 win.
Huntingdon Fillies 49, Dresden Lady Lions 32
The Fillies had a 14-10 lead after the opening frame, led by Brooklyn Williams with five points, including a three-pointer. Brooke Butler also hit a three, and Lia Fuller and Addison Postlethwait each had a pair. Paisley Pittman led Dresden with eight points, and Lucy Curry had a pair.
The second quarter was an 8-8 wash. Curry scored all eight Lady Lion points, including a three. Williams, Fuller, Butler and Lilly Kee each had a pair for Huntingdon. At the half, the Fillies led 22-18.
Huntingdon built a solid lead with a 15-5 advantage in the third, led by Butler with four points. Shelby Childress hit a three-pointer, and Williams, Fuller, Postlethwait and Sophie Singleton each had a pair. Pittman scored three points for Dresden, and Bella Bone had a pair. Entering the final frame, Huntingdon led 37-23.
The Fillies capped the win with a 12-9 edge in the fourth. Butler and Postlethwait each scored six, Butler with a three. Curry and Pittman each scored three points for Dresden. Bone added a pair, and Keely Mathis hit a free throw.
Huntingdon’s Brooke Butler led all scorers with 17 points, including a pair of three-pointers. Addison Postlethwait scored ten.
Paisley Pittman led the Lady Lions with 14 points. Lucy Curry scored 13 with a three.
Mustangs 46, Lions 36
Dresden had a 15-12 lead after the first frame, led by Zach Crawford with five points, including a three-pointer. Trey Adams scored four, and Mark Maddox and Steven Hobock each hit a three. Keyshon Hoard led Huntingdon with seven points, including a three. Jeb Atkinson also hit a three-pointer, and Milton Clark had a pair.
The Mustangs cut the deficit with a 9-8 edge in the second quarter. Atkinson, Javon Pritchard and Keller Smith each scored three points. Crawford and Adams each scored four for the Lions. At the half, Dresden led 23-21.
Huntingdon took the lead with a 16-3 advantage in the third, led by Atkinson and D’Allen McCord with seven points each, Atkinson with a three. Clark added a pair. Hobock hit a three for Dresden. Heading into the final frame, the Mustangs led 37-26.
The Lions had a 10-9 tilt in the fourth for a closer final, led by Chandler Turnbow with four points. Crawford and Hobock each hit a three-pointer. Atkinson led Huntingdon with five points. Hoard added a pair, and Clark and Pritchard each hit a freebie.
Mustang Jeb Atkinson led all scorers with 18 points, including a pair of threes.
Zach Crawford led Dresden with a dozen, including a pair of three-pointers.


Texans running back Derrick Ward blames his ex-employers the Buccaneers for a lot of things. He says the organization spread the word he was overweight and not motivated. Oh, and they weren’t very good either.
The Texans, on the other hand, are “a team that actually wants to block for their running backs, actually
wants to win and doesn’t set their goals to a [lower] standard,” Ward said, via Mike Garafolo of the Newark Star-Ledger.
Ward faces his other ex-team the Giants this week, and wants to improve on the five-carry, two-yard performance he had against Big Blue last season.
“I didn’t play against them the way I wanted to. This year, I’m on a
better team, a team that actually wants to win, compete and get to that
next level,” Ward said. “So to play the Giants is going to be better for
me this year.”
Playing in place of a temporarily benched Arian Foster, Ward racked up 80 yards on 12 carries last week against the Raiders. (Proving once again how blocking matters more than the running back.) Texans coach Gary Kubiak says Ward will become a bigger part of the Houston offense.
The way Ward sees it, his time in Tampa is no longer even a memory.
“I feel like I went straight from New York to Houston,” Ward said.


text:
With the momentum of a runaway Prius, 2008 will see the auto industry's green-minded and fuel economy-conscious fervor turned up a notch as auto makers jockey for credibility and market share with new environmentally friendly powertrains.
General Motors Corp. later this year rolls out its full-hybrid '08 Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon twins, the industry's first fullsize SUV-based HEVs. Complete with a 25% fuel economy boost, 6.0L V-8 and Two-Mode continuously variable transmission, the Tahoe/Yukon hybrids will join a slew of new GM mild HEVs entering the market, including the all-new '08 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid and Saturn Aura and Vue Green Line.
Two-Mode co-developer Chrysler LLC will join the parade later in the year with Hemi-powered Dodge Durango and Chrysler Aspen hybrid SUVs, likely as '09 models.
Also wading into the HEV pool in ‘08 will be Audi AG, which confirms a full-hybrid variant of the Q7 cross/utility vehicle, sporting V-6 power, will accompany a new turbodiesel model powered by a 3.0L TDI V-6.
Parent Volkswagen AG will fit the V-6 TDI to the Touareg CUV later in the year, but will first focus on launching the new 2.0L TDI 4-cyl. diesel in the '08 Jetta wagon.
BMW AG and Mercedes-Benz also will be introducing and/or improving their clean-diesel lineups throughout 2008, with all four German auto makers experimenting with AdBlue urea-injection exhaust-after treatment systems for the first time in the U.S.
In stark contrast to improving efficiency, expect wider use of turbocharging, direct-injection gasoline and old-fashioned hot rod ingenuity to push horsepower figures to ever-higher amounts in 2008.
Topping the list will be the supercharged, 600-plus hp Chevrolet Corvette “ZR1,” which is expected to appear early in the year and is aimed at battling the 600-hp '08 Dodge Viper for the title of America's most powerful sports car — ever.


text:
For a demo recording, the guitars sound fantastic. The humbucker abuse during The Lams’ ‘Different For Me’ is a thriving focal point for a song that doesn’t seem to realise its full potential. Mark Hammerton - the man whose name falls just after Barat and Doherty on ‘Cant Stand Me Now’s’ writing credits – provides a set of vocal tones that suit his guitar grumbles perfectly. Unfortunately the tune - sexy and melodic - doesn’t seem to be pushed hard enough, and if it wasn’t for Hammerton's city-centric lyrical ideas, this song could be in danger of falling into Vines territory. ‘Let’s Go’ on the other hand, with its refrain of “Let’s go / And fuck each other”, is a rightfully squalid piece of gutter punk with an infectiously memorable chorus. This tune has enough lustful energy to make its chorus hook seemingly turn from a lyrical instruction to a warming reality.
Photo: Lilima Dimitrovic
7Ross Bennett's Score


text:
Total TimePrep: 15 min. + chilling
I made this for the first time this Thanksgiving. My husband has already requested it for Christmas. Very tasty and a different type of cheese spread. Love it.
We Love This! Since my family doesn't care for orange zest/peel nor chopped nuts, I left out the orange peel and added some ground hazelnuts. It is a favorite of ours and disappears quickly!

domain: food


text:
A host of new names have been added to the lineup for Bilbao BBK Live.
Leading the additions are CHVRCHES who’ll be playing alongside the likes of Slaves, Grimes and Inheaven. Tame Impala are co-headlining with Foals while Jagwar Ma and Love of Lesbians will also be putting in appearances.
They join the previously announced Courtney Barnett, Arcade Fire, Pixies and Wolf Alice. The lineup, as it currently stands, is as follows.
Arcade Fire / Pixies / Tame Impala / Foals / New Order / M83 / Grimes / Chvrches / Hot Chip / Years & Years / José González / Love of Lesbian / Father John Misty / Courtney Barnett / Wolf Alice / Slaves / Jagwar Ma / Was / Hola A Todo El Mundo / Inheaven.
Bilbao BBK takes place 7-9th July 2016 at Bilbao in Spain. Tickets are on sale now.


text:
Dynamic Wedding Photograph utilising all sources of light including natural, off-camera flash and modern LED. Your entire day from morning to late and many add-ons available for special requirements.
Pricing & Costs
Prices start at
Request a quote
Products and Services
Bridal Prep Shots
Digital Editing / Airbrushing
Flexible Hours on the Day
Images on DVD
Images on USB
Large Group Shots
Personal Online Gallery
Photo Booth Available
Physical Shop / Studio
Pre-Wedding Venue Visit
Second Shooter Available
Stay Through Dancing
Stay Through Speeches
Thank You Cards / Photo Stationery
First Look Photographer
Reportage / Documentary
Traditional / Classic
Dorset Wedding Photographer, Chris Warran - Wedding Photography in Bournemouth, Poole, Weymouth, Exeter & surrounding areas in Southern England and some locations countrywide (London and surrounding areas particularly)
I am Chris, a photo-professional with well proven experience at top wedding venues such as Kingston Maurward, Athelhampton House, Moonfleet Manor, Riviera Hotel etc. in Dorset as well as weddings further afield in and around the UK. I am a recommended photographer as well as SWPP and Brides Magazine listed. My background in Photography and imaging systems includes holding a degree and a Masters level qualification.. We are accredited by the SWPP.
For further information contact me and we will send you full details of our wedding packages and prices.
A wide range of the latest quality albums is available including photo-books, coffee-table books, luxury albums, HD printing and classic matted albums. All available on a range of papers like photographic, metallic and fine art paper to create that very special life-time memory album. State-of-the art leather and hand-stitched albums from leading suppliers like Graphistudio are provided. We offer a range of album sizes and prices to suit your budget.
These options can be added to all packages or supplied as part of a package as can a range of photo-wall products.
If you would like to add video we offer packages that incorporate stills and video (Fusion Slide Shows)
We are dedicated to providing the highest quality and professional images for your special life moments and always aim to exceed your expectations.
Personal Message from the Manager
Name of Wedding Contact: Chris Warran
Hi and congratulations on your up and coming wedding. If you don't talk to us you won't know what we can offer! So please do get in touch and be surprised ! We are dedicated to offering you outstanding photography and service at a reasonable price.
Year Business Was Established
No. of Weddings Hosted
More than 50
Public Liability Insurance
No. of People In Team
Add a review
Add a review
Married in August 2018
Please see my facebook page reviews at www.facebook.com/warranphotography
Kingston Maurward weddings and not only capturing the full day of wedding photography but also combining it with fast frame action shots of wild birds of prey!
Describe your style in 5 adjectives.
Creative; getitdone; understanding; patient; kind
What about your business are you most proud of?
Doing many top venues here in Dorset and beyond after having moved here only a few years ago and to offer the very best photography using many modern techniques to compliment and achieve outstanding result.
What is your No. 1 wedding planning tip for couples?
Write it down !
What is your favourite personal touch you have seen at a wedding?
Groom seeing Bride for first time
Describe your typical process with a couple.
Meet up some few weeks before the wedding and discuss your day with a "photo-walk" around the venue and get to know something about you both so we can optimise your special day's photography
What is the No. 1 photo that you think every couple should take?
I'm not sure there is one we are all different and all have different number ones!
What is the most original photo you’ve been asked to take at a wedding?
Diving Eagle onto a bride!
What do you recommend for a rainy day wedding?
Nothing special but try and still do everything you wanted as if it was sunny and if you cant get it done don't worry as its your special day and we will always find something to put in the place of our plans.
Describe how you got into photography.
I have been interested in photography since a very young age and owned my first camera at the age 8 and was developing films in my mums bathroom a few years later. Its stayed with me in various guises all my life.


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text:
St. James land sale questioned by some
Published 12:00 am Saturday, January 28, 2012
By David Vitrano
LUTCHER – Although the St. James Parish School Board approved the purchase of a tract of land for the relocation of the St. James High School stadium and the possible relocation of the school itself, some community members still have issues with the way the matter was handled.
“Why wasn’t a public hearing held?” asked west bank resident Yvette Melancon. “I feel you all are hiding something.”
Melancon was joined by a handful of similarly minded residents at Tuesday’s meeting. Patricia Schexnayder, the school board member who represents the west bank, cast the only vote against the measure during the board’s retreat. She voiced feelings to those of her constituents at Tuesday’s meeting.
“The west bank is very disappointed in the selection process,” she said. “It was not done fairly.”
Schexnayder also requested that additional information about the owners of each of the four tracts of land that were being considered be posted to the district’s website, a request that has since been granted.
Toward the end of last year, Superintendent Alonzo Luce and School Board President Charles Nailor entered into negotiations with four sets of land owners concerning the acquisition of property near the intersection of Louisiana highways 20 and 3127 for the possible relocation of St. James High School and its stadium.
After months of negotiations, the administration recommended the district purchase a tract belonging to the Webre-Steib plantation.
Luce said the decision was practically made for the administration. He said that tract was sold for $1 million, less than the $1.3 appraisal price. One of the other tracts was problematic because it has two pipelines running through it, and the owners of two of the other tracts wanted more for the land than the appraisal price. Luce said as a public body the school board cannot legally pay more than appraisal price.
Nailor, in response to accusations of the board not acting in a transparent manner, said, “It’s been publicized for months. We’re going to do what’s best for the kids,” adding, “If it was truly an issue, this board room would be packed.”
The land the board intends to purchase fronts Highway 20, but Luce said another landowner has agreed to donate a small parcel of land for the construction of a road to connect the property to Highway 3127.
Luce said pending legal review, construction of the new St. James High stadium will commence, but he noted that the board is not under the same time constraints as it was during the construction of the new stadium at Lutcher High School.
“We’re going to try to do it as quickly as we can,” said Luce, “but we can still play at the existing stadium.
In other action Tuesday, the school board approved a resolution calling for the issuance and sale of $2.345 million in General Obligation School Refunding Bonds. The action was taken so the board can take advantage of the current low interest rate to pay off existing bonds issued in 2002. The move will save the district more than $95,000, according to bond attorney Hugh Martin.
Said Martin, “It’s not a huge amount, but it is a saving.”


All Used Up
Materials: Left over sock yarn, MC (main color) approximately 40-60g; CC (contrasting color) approximately 15-25g.
Needles: Size US 2 (2.75mm)
Notions: Stitch Marker, Darning Needle
Size: Women’s Medium (shoe size 7-9)
This pattern is written for one long circular needle, but can be used with any method. This is a great way to use up those ½ skeins of yarn left over after you make a pair of socks! If you are using self-striping yarn, check ahead of time to make sure that the color changes will match up at the end (one skein may have more yardage left over than the other and you may find that the second sock doesn’t have enough to match the first). If you check ahead you can find out which skein is shorter and determine the length of the leg by that one.
With CC cast on 12 stitches to each needle using Judy’s Magic Cast On.
Knit one round.
Rnd 1: K1, LRinc, K to last stitch, LLinc, K1.
Rnd 2: Knit
LRinc is a right leaning increase. Lift the right side of the stitch below the next stitch on the left hand needle; place it on the left needle and knit into its front leg. LLinc is a left leaning increase. Lift the left side of the stitch two stitches below the last one on the right needle; place it on the left needle and knit through its back leg.
Complete these two rounds until there are 32 stitches on each needle for a total of 64 stitches.
Switch to MC and start working pattern stitch on instep needle only.
Rnd 1: Knit
Rnd 2: *P2, K4, repeat from * to last two stitches, P2.
Continue knitting these two rounds until sock measures 2” less than desired foot length. End with Rnd 2.
Switch to CC and begin heel. This is a short row heel working on half the total stitches while the instep stitches remain resting on the cable.
Knit across heel stitches to last stitch, do not knit the last stitch. Turn work, slip the first stitch on the left hand needle and purl back, leaving the last stitch unworked. Turn work, slip the first stitch and knit across to the last two stitches, leave these two stitches unworked. Continue knitting one less stitch across each row in this manner until 10 working stitches are left.
Turn work, slip the first stitch and knit across 8 stitches, knit the next two stitches together, then pick up one leg of the stitch in the gap between the stitches you just knit together and the next ones on the needle and knit through it creating one stitch to compensate for the decrease. Turn work, slip the first stitch and purl across 8 stitches, purl the next two stitches together, then pick up one leg of the stitch in the gap between the stitches you just purled together and the next ones on the needle and purl through it creating one stitch to compensate for the decrease. Continue in this manner until you are back to 32 stitches and all stitches have been worked. If you are short by one, create one at the end of the last row in the same manner as before.
Switch to MC and begin leg.
Rnd 1: Knit
Rnd 2: K1, P1, K4, *P2, K4, repeat from * to last 2 stitches, P1, K1. Repeat this pattern twice around the leg. The start of the round should be after the end of the heel and should match up with the start of the instep stitches.
Repeat these two rounds until the leg is the desired length or you run out of yarn.
Switch to CC and knit one round.
Work in K2, P2 ribbing for 1” to 1 ½”. Bind off using EZ’s Easy Sew Bind off.
Weave in all ends and enjoy!
Judy’s Magic Cast On
Cat Bordhi’s Toe Increases Video
Priscilla Wild’s No Muss No Fuss Short Row Heel (Video) or Lifestyle Socks Pattern
EZ’s Easy Sew Bind Off or Video
Pattern by Angela Trun. Not to be sold or re-distributed for monetary gain. Permission for personal use only. 1/29/09 http://angcraftcorner.blogspot.com/


HATTIESBURG, Miss. (Legal Newsline) – The state of Mississippi alleges several debt management service providers lured consumers into programs that aren't "viable" options to resolve debt.
State of Mississippi News
WASHINGTON (Legal Newsline) — The federal government and several states are suing The Dow Chemical Company and E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Company, alleging the proposed merger between the two companies would violate federal law.
Attorney General Jim Hood filed six separate lawsuits against the defendant companies in Hinds County Chancery Court last month. The companies have since asked the lawsuits to be removed to federal court, arguing the attorney general’s complaints require the determination of issues of federal law.
JACKSON, Miss. (Legal Newsline) – Mississippi Attorney General Jim Hood recently commented on the state Supreme Court’s decision to refuse to reconsider a verdict of $30 million against Sandoz Inc., a pharmaceutical company.
Forty state AGs file brief in support of Miss. AG Hood, argue federal judge shouldn’t have stopped Google investigation
AGs contend that injunction, if it should stand, would provide other wrongdoers with a "roadmap"
Two tobacco companies will pay the state of Mississippi $15 million to settle allegations they didn't pay the state under a 1997 settlement, said Mississippi Attorney General Jim Hood.
JACKSON, Miss. (Legal Newsline) -- Mississippi Attorney General Jim Hood is praising the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to uphold the right of attorneys general to enforce their state's laws in state court.
WASHINGTON (Legal Newsline) -- The U.S. Supreme Court, in a unanimous ruling Tuesday, said Mississippi Attorney General Jim Hood's lawsuit against a group of liquid crystal display manufacturers does not constitute a mass action under the federal Class Action Fairness Act.
WASHINGTON (Legal Newsline) -- It is unclear, based on oral arguments Wednesday, how the U.S. Supreme Court will rule in a Mississippi case in which some contend state Attorney General Jim Hood is trying to circumvent the federal Class Action Fairness Act.
WASHINGTON, D.C. (Legal Newsline) -- The U.S. Supreme Court on Wednesday is hearing arguments in a Mississippi case in which some say state Attorney General Jim Hood is trying to circumvent the federal Class Action Fairness Act.
WASHINGTON (Legal Newsline) -- A group of veteran legal reform advocates, in an amicus brief filed last week, want the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold a November ruling by a federal appeals court in a case over federal jurisdiction.
WASHINGTON (Legal Newsline) -- A Washington D.C.-based legal foundation is urging the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold the right of out-of-state business defendants to a federal forum in a mass action that, it contends, was strategically filed by Mississippi Attorney General Jim Hood.
WASHINGTON (Legal Newsline) -- President Barack Obama last week nominated four women to serve on four different federal courts.
JACKSON, Miss. (Legal Newsline) - Mississippi Attorney General Jim Hood filed suit in state and federal courts Friday seeking to recover damages from BP that resulted from the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster.
WASHINGTON (Legal Newsline) – An award-winning documentary chronicling personal injury lawyers who abused the nation’s civil justice system premieres Tuesday on national television.
Hood JACKSON, Miss. (Legal Newsline) - The Mississippi Supreme Court has ruled that private attorneys hired by state Attorney General Jim Hood to sue MCI and Microsoft should not have received millions of dollars directly from settlements.
Pittman JACKSON, Miss. (Legal Newsline) - Former Mississippi Attorney General and state Supreme Court Justice Edwin Pittman says he is concerned about a bill aimed at limiting current Attorney General Jim Hood's authority.