text:
Preheat oven to 400ºF
Whisk together all dry ingredients in a large-bottom bowl. Cut shortening into the dry ingredients using a pastry cutter or two knives or simply combine in a food processor. Stir in eggs and yogurt until well mixed.
Add any flavorings. Scoop heaping tablespoonfuls onto a parchment-lined baking sheet, sprinkle with the cinnamon-sugar, and bake for 10-12 minutes, or until the tops are lightly browned and there are no uncooked portions peeking through. Do not overcook!
View line-by-line Nutrition Insights™: Discover which ingredients contribute the calories/sodium/etc.
|Serving Size: 1 Serving (25g)|
|Recipe Makes: 6 Servings|
|Calories from Fat: 0 (NaN%)|
|Amt Per Serving||% DV|
|Total Fat 0g||0 %|
|Saturated Fat 0g||0 %|
|Monounsaturated Fat 0g|
|Polyunsanturated Fat 0g|
|Cholesterol 0mg||0 %|
|Sodium 7501.1mg||259 %|
|Potassium 0.5mg||0 %|
|Total Carbohydrate 0g||0 %|
|Dietary Fiber 0g||0 %|
|Sugars, other 0g|
|Protein 0g||0 %|
Powered by: USDA Nutrition Database
Disclaimer: Nutrition facts are derived from linked ingredients (shown at left in colored bullets) and may or may not be complete. Always consult a licensed nutritionist or doctor if you have a nutrition-related medical condition.
BigOven Pro required
Eat healthier with nutrition info.
Calories, carbs, protein, sodium, fiber and more - easily calculate from any recipe.

domain: food


text:
Dr. Johnston has been doing some thinking on some aspects of pain that a lot practitioners don’t really consider when they treat their patients. Many people conclude that injury, and the amount of injury, will automatically equate to a certain level of pain.
But you would be surprised by how much of your pain is based in your brain!
Pain isn’t ultimately determined by the amount of injury a muscle has been put through. However, it is governed by sensitivity to pain.
The sensitivity you feel can be affected by many many things, such as stress, diet, fatigue, daily routines, so many things.
Think about this scenario:
You have shoulder pain from sitting at a desk all day.
This causes stress and worry of getting in pain again.
This in turn causes trouble sleeping from both pain and worry.
Then, the next day, you’re tired, stressed and in more pain.
This causes worse posture than before, poor eating habits, which causes you to expect more pain symptoms.
Do you see how cyclical and out of control this can get?
But, the good news is that breaking that pain cycle is the first step of our treatment cycle. And as soon as that happens, you’ll find that your pain lessens, because your brain feels more in control and less sensitive to the pain.
Patients that are trapped in this cycle need someone that knows exactly how the body’s mechanics and muscular system works to show them exactly what’s causing the pain and to set them on the right path to recovery.
Why stay in the endless cycle of pain? Let us help you break the cycle and get you out of pain! Give us a call today!

domain: medical


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Big auto parts firms pour cash into state
- Jon Chesto, firstname.lastname@example.org
(Page 2 of 3)
Kinsman said the coalition was prepared to ask independent mechanics to kick in some money if the ballot question became necessary. “All along, we wanted to try to do this without having to ask them,” Kinsman said. “(But) there was a recognition that if the ballot question went forward, we would need (financial help) from local businesses.”
Once a compromise was reached with the manufacturers in July, state lawmakers quickly passed a right-to-repair bill before formal sessions ended for the year. The Legislature gave the manufacturers more time — essentially until 2017 — to comply with a requirement to make data available through a universal system that independent technicians could easily access for repair information.
It was too late to stop the question from getting on the ballot in November, even though the new law will take effect that month by requiring manufacturers to sell to independent technicians the same information that’s sent to new car dealers.
However, lawmakers can just kill or tweak the ballot question law after formal sessions resume in January because the right-to-repair law signed by Gov. Deval Patrick last month accomplishes the ballot question’s goal — and, by many accounts, is better written than the ballot question.
The Right to Repair Coalition’s biggest expenditure was a $1 million ad campaign launched in July as talks on Beacon Hill seemed to be breaking down. Kinsman says the ad campaign was aimed at showing the public — and the opposition — that the coalition was serious about this bill. The ad campaign, he says, gave the manufacturers a taste of what they could see in the fall in a big-budget ballot showdown.
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text:
The Hall of Fame Newsletter
Fame Game #1, Spring 2006 (pdf, 680kb) - the Hall of Fame celebrates 10 years; WA's World Cup links; looking back at the Marah Halim Cup wins of 1975 and 1976; Golden Oldie: Bert Robertson
Fame Game #2, Summer 2007 (pdf, 440kb) - the push for a football museum gathers momentum; the 3rd Hall of Fame induction ceremony; WA's Socceroos get their caps; Frank Reid looks back on his career; the WA Media/Football Hall of Fame beat the English Ashes Media; Golden Oldie: Alex Manfield
Pictured: The WA State team players and officials pose with Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman (centre) on their arrival in Kuala Lumpur for the first Merdeka Cup Tournament.
Fame Game #3, Autumn 2007 (pdf, 434kb) - 40th anniversary of the Merdeka tournament; 30th anniversary of the State women's teams' tour of Asia; vale Bert Robertson, Jack Smethurst and David Schrandt; Golden Oldie: Bob Cherry
Fame Game #4, Winter 2007 (pdf, 1133kb) - Merdeka celebration; Dick Jones on coaching juniors in Collie; Golden Moments: WA 3 Werder Bremen 2, the museum quest continues
Fame Game #5, Summer/Spring 2007 (pdf, 445kb) - the Merdeka/Malaysia anniversary event; Golden Oldie: Bob Watson; Peter Mitchell's kind donation to the Hall of Fame; Roy Stedman talks about his career and sending off Denis Law
Fame Game #5 Insert, Merdeka/Malaysia Anniversary Picture Special (pdf, 387kb)
Fame Game #6, Autumn 2008 (pdf, 538kb) - Ron Tindall recieves an Order of Australia Medal; Doug Stewart looks back on his career; Golden Moments: WA 2 Australia 1; vale Alex Mansfield and Russell Whitson
Fame Game #7, Spring 2009 (pdf, 656kb) - the museum quest continues; the 4th Hall of Fame induction ceremony; vale Reg Davies, Dave Woodfin, Derek McKay and Dave Brady
Fame Game #8, Autumn 2011 (pdf, 3100kb) - Stan Lazaridis enters the FFA Hall of Fame; Alan Beale honoured by Football West; the WA Media/Football Hall of Fame beat the English Ashes Media; Frank Miller recognised by the Football Media Association (Australia); World Cup Wonders; vale Malcolm Brown, Willie Rutherford and Peter Loader
Fame Game #9, Spring 2011 (pdf, 1922kb) - Ben Buckley backs the football museum bid; Louis Prospero rubs shoulders with Fabio Cannavaro and David Beckham; Stan Lazaridis honoured by Football West; Football West embrace the games' Life Members; Sandra Brentnall reflects on playing for Australia
Fame Game #10, Autumn 2012 (pdf, 1892kb) - FIFA to attend Hall of Fame induction ceremony; Alistair Edwards appointed coach of Australia's under-17 team; salute to the Williams clan; vale Frank Miller and John Montagu.
Fame Game #11 Winter 2014 (pdf, 388kb) - Now we are weaving a web, New batch of Champions, Paying Tribute to Troy, Doug Stewart can't stop coaching, Sandra is World first, Better late than never for Theo and Final Farewell to some greats.
Fame Game #12 Spring 2015 (pdf, 2293kb) - 20th Anniversary Celebrations, RIP four of the best, Black Swan soars, Tricolore Memories, Top Jobs for Bobby & Gareth.
Fame Game #13 Autumn 2016 (pdf, 449kb) - A Big welcome to our New Sponsors, Let's have your nominations, Stan Lazaridis joins the WAIS Greats, Frankens buidling a Goalkeeping Dynasty, Our website is a hit, A touch og history in a frame, Precious Memorabilia, Catching up with Bernd, What a year for Anniversaries, Life member for Bob Brown, RIP Paul Sobek and Sergio Alfieri.
Fame Game #14 Winter 2016 (pdf, 548kb) - Les Murray Joins our Celebrations, How to beat the ticket Rush, Paying tribute to 120 years of Football, Title Memories for Willie, Eddie's Olympic Buzz, Glory's Heritage on Show, Doing the impossible.
Last updated 20th September, 2016

domain: sports


This document describes procedures for people assisting with FOLIO DevOps to add a new back-end module to the platform-complete and folio-ansible configuration, and make it available in the folio-snapshot reference environments, and make it available in the Vagrant box VMs for snapshot.
The developers responsible for that module would have already ensured that the module is ready, its repository is established, and is operating in FOLIO CI. They would have added a Jira ticket, assigned to our team so that we can schedule and track the work.
Verification and preparation
This is the relevant guide that they would have followed. Still, we need to follow it again. There are tips not repeated here, and it defines verification steps that would be wise to re-follow before committing to infrastructure configuration.
If they have not indicated on their Jira ticket that they have verified that the module will install on a local VM, then remind them to follow the Ensure recent local VM instructions. Otherwise it could be a huge waste of your time.
Investigate the module README and LaunchDescriptor in case there are other special requirements.
Add to platform-complete snapshot branch.
Make branch in folio-ansible to add to a
Make branch in folio-infrastructure to configure Jenkins for a test build.
Configure and test via a special Jenkins job.
Remove testing configuration.
Merge PR to folio-ansible, then to folio-infrastructure.
Follow the daily backend builds to verify.
Add to snapshot platform
This is the procedure for adding a backend module to the “snapshot” branch of the Stripes Platform platform-complete.
The normal process is that a UI module will require interfaces that are provided by back-end modules (declared in the “okapiInterfaces” section of their package.json file). With this, the relevant back-end modules are automatically included. (See separate procedure to install a new front-end module.)
However often the front-end and back-end are not yet ready for each other.
If so, then temporarily add the new back-end module to the
install-extras.json file of the “snapshot” branch of platform-complete.
After the back-end development is eventually ready, then a front-end module will require this module.
When that happens, then the backend module will be automatically included via the normal process, so it can then be removed from this
However some back-end modules are never required by front-end modules. In these cases they are always configured in that file.
If approaching the daily reference environment build times, then the timing of this task can be difficult.
The build-platform-complete-snapshot Jenkins build happens every hour, starting at about 19 minutes past and taking about 32 minutes. This will regenerate the yarn.lock and install files of the Platform, and automatically merge them.
So there will be a short window to prepare the branch and pull-request builds, then merge to “snapshot” branch, then its branch build.
After the next hourly “build-platform-complete-snapshot” run, then verify that the new backend module is now in the okapi-install.json file.
If there is trouble, then revert the addition to the Platform, and investigate and report the issues.
Make a branch in folio-ansible,
Add the module to the
This file assists with building the VMs.
It also currently provides special configuration for some modules
to over-ride LaunchDescriptor settings, or to provide other additional settings.
Follow the format for the entries of other modules.
The “snapshot” file is alphabetically sorted, as Okapi handles the dependency resolution.
The module is declared in the main
If the module is not to be pulled in by a front-end UI module via a platform, then it needs to be also declared in the “
Often that is the case because the development of a UI module is not yet ready to require it.
add_modules section could later be tidied, when that is finally happening.)
This section explains the preparation for conducting a run of
Make a branch in folio-infrastructure,
Add the configuration for the Jenkins job …
Add to the Jenkinsfile to refer to the folio-infrastructure branch:
branches variable to be
Next refer the git submodule to the folio-ansible branch. Take care, as this is a tab-delimited file.
[submodule "CI/ansible/folio-ansible"] path = CI/ansible/folio-ansible url = https://github.com/folio-org/folio-ansible branch = FOLIO-2467-refenvs-ncip # <<< add this line <<<
Push the folio-ansible branch and the folio-infrastructure branch.
Jenkins testing configuration
So, select the
Configure link in the top-left panel.
Then in the section “Pipeline : Pipeline script from SCM : Branches to build” replace “Branch specifier” from
refs/heads/FOLIO-2467-refenvs-ncip and then “Save”.
Run folio-snapshot-test build
If there have been master changes for folio-ansible and folio-infrastructure since branching, then do merge master to branch, and deal with conflicts.
Before proceeding, visit AWS EC2 - the instance is stopped to save a buck, so temporarily start.
Now run the test build. Select the
Build with Parameters link in the top-left panel.
Follow the results of this build run via its
Console Output and full log.
The AWS instance will be removed and rebuilt. It takes approximately 35-40 minutes.
If not success, then try to interpret the Jenkins output logfile. In some cases, may need to ssh to the instance and inspect the Okapi logfile.
Verify the test build
After success, then ensure that the new back-end module is in place. (Example ‘curl’ of course needs token and tenant headers.)
curl -s -S \ https://folio-snapshot-test-okapi.dev.folio.org/_/proxy/tenants/diku/modules \ | jq -r '. | select(.id | match("mod-"))' | sort
Do ssh login to the AWS instance (search the Jenkins build output for “ec2-“ to get the DNS name) and confirm that the module’s docker logs are not spewing errors, and that its docker has not terminated.
Could also verify via the front-end “Settings : Software versions” page (e.g. folio-snapshot-test.dev.folio.org).
Now that there is happiness, prepare and merge the pull-request to folio-ansible.
Remove the test configuration …
- At the Jenkins interface for “folio-snapshot-test”, revisit its
Configurepage and revert the “Branch specifier” to be
*/master(which also signals to other DevOps that you have finished with the test builds).
- Visit AWS EC2 - the “folio-snapshot-test” instance needs to be in “stopped” state to save a buck.
Now make the PR.
Be aware of the timing of the automated back-end build jobs, as explained at the reference environments.
(If you need to manually run these jobs outside the normal automated schedule, then may need to ask #hosted-reference-envs channel, as people depend on these environments.)
Inspect build results
Await the scheduled automated build.
Verify the results of the backend build, as done above.
curl -s -S \ https://folio-snapshot-okapi.dev.folio.org/_/proxy/tenants/diku/modules \ | jq -r '. | select(.id | match("mod-"))' | sort
Or inspect via the front-end.
Delete old branches.
Visit AWS EC2 - the “folio-snapshot-test” instance needs to be in “stopped” state to save a buck.
Comment and close the Jira ticket.


text:
U.S. President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping were scheduled to address the economic trade group on Friday. The summit is being hosted virtually by New Zealand. File Photo by Stephen Shaver/UPI | License Photo
Nov. 12 (UPI) -- U.S. President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping participated Friday in the virtual APEC summit hosted by New Zealand, and endorsed a plan to bolster economic recovery for Pacific Rim nations amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Biden took part in the virtual summit of the 21-member Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting on Friday morning.
The U.S. president pledged American support for new efforts to benefit workers, families and businesses. One effort, the Aotearoa Plan of Action, received unanimous support at the summit.
"President Biden underscored his commitment to strengthening our relationship with APEC economies in order to advance fair and open trade and investment, bolster American competitiveness, and ensure a free and open Indo-Pacific," the White House said in a statement.
"The president noted that the United States has donated and shipped more than 220 million vaccine doses so far, including 64 million to APEC economies, and pledged that we will continue to share doses, invest in manufacturing abroad, and work with APEC economies to build global health security."
Biden last addressed the APEC trade group in July, when he emphasized the importance of multilateral cooperation and reiterated U.S. commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific.
Other topics discussed at Friday's conference included cybersecurity, climate change, digital technologies and Internet security.
Beijing's foreign ministry said earlier that Xi would also address the trade group on Friday.
Thursday, Xi urged the group not to single out any countries -- amid expectations that Friday's meeting could include efforts or dialog toward countering China's influence in the region.
"We should be forward-looking, move ahead, and reject practices of discrimination and exclusion of others," Xi said in a statement.
On Thursday, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern called for political and business leaders to build a strong and sustainable COVID-19 recovery.
"As we prepare for the post-pandemic era, we need to continue to strengthen the partnership between government and business," Ardern said in a statement.
"Together, we need to set the stage for an equitable, inclusive and sustainable recovery that invests in people and planet through fresh ideas and renewed resolve."
APEC is comprised of Australia, Brunei, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, the United States, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Chile, Peru, Russia and Vietnam.
Friday's virtual summit comes ahead of an expected virtual bilateral meeting next week between Biden and Xi on Monday. The two leaders are expected to address a climate agreement reached at COP26 in Scotland and other items that have led to an increase in tensions, such as U.S. support for Taiwan.

domain: economics


text:
Biden Sets New Rules On Targeting Russians
Ron Paul Liberty Report
After a series of Administration "leaks" regarding US involvement in the killing of Russian generals and the sinking of the Moskva, the Biden Administration is seeking to plug the leaks and to clarify the types of intel it would share with Ukraine. The goal is to avoid becoming a party to the war. But has that ship already sailed? Also today: prepping in Alaska to fight Russia and China...and Biden's 'Disinfo' Czar wants to edit your Tweets.

domain: news


text:
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Bitter substances have largely disappeared from our diet due to the industrial production of food. Even foods rich in bitter substances such as rocket or chicory no longer taste as bitter as they used to.
Therefore our sense of taste is unfortunately not as bitter as it used to be, although bitter substances can have a noticeable effect on your well-being.
For this reason, we have developed the BitterLiebe powder with 7 valuable bitter substances, so that you can easily integrate the daily dose of "bitter" into your diet. And it is incredibly delicious 😉
Our BitterLiebe powder can be integrated into many different recipes.
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Your have cravings and the bag of crisps or the chocolate bar 🍫 smiles at you? Instead, try BitterLiebe Drops. Also perfect after a meal, instead of schnapps or espresso.
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BitterLiebe Drops 50ml:
We recommend that 25 drops (equivalent to about half a pipette) be taken three times a day and melted on the tongue. Do not exceed the recommended daily consumption. Just as you could get used to sweet, sour, salty, spicy and umami, you can also get used to bitter.
Add the powder to your dishes according to taste.
Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a balanced and varied diet and for a healthy lifestyle. Keep out of the reach of children. Not suitable for pregnant women.
Please store the product in a cool, dry place, protected from light.
We always ensure that our BitterLiebe tincture is of excellent quality:
✅ From selected natural herbs
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BitterLiebe Powder Ingredients: Dandelion root ground (30 %); Curcuma powder (15 %); Ginger powder (15 %); Galangal root ground (15 %); Juniper berries ground (15 %); Cardamom powder (5 %); Artichokes powder (5 %)
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text: Our garden is doing much better this year than last year. Last night Aidan and I picked about two dozen tomatoes. There is another dozen waiting to be picked today. Our pumpkin plant has six good sized pumpkins on it. Our corn produced many fat, sweet ears and the squash plant has been given us a steady supply of delicious crockneck squash all summer. I love the abundance of food our garden has produced this year, though Iâ€™m not really sure what we did that made it so verdant and plentiful. Itâ€™s nice to work the garden though and feel the soil in your fingers and the warm sun on your neck. And I love seeing the fruit of a summer long labor be so copious and delicious.

domain: agronomy


text:
Dear Professor Dumbledore,
What did the words ‘nitwit’, ‘oddment’, ‘blubber’ and ‘tweak’ really mean?
Francesca of Hufflepuff
Over the years I have read many explanations for my words at that first banquet of Harry’s. One school of thought is that I was referring to the Houses and the disparaging remarks they would make, which kept each house divided. Another is that I was looking at certain members of my staff as I spoke. (Poor Severus is particularly irritated that I would have used the word ‘blubber’ in connection with him because of his old nickname.). Or I was reassuring each new First Year that the myriad of emotions that they’d feel in the first few weeks were entirely normal.
The truth is far more mundane. I like words. I like nonsense. I like nonsense words and the impression they make on those impressionable minds. As the First Years faced the imposing atmosphere of Hogwarts, they were reminded in those four words, that laughter never leaves us and can be our greatest ally.
I believe Harry never forgot my speech, and to this day, many others still quote it. If that is my legacy, then I am grateful.

domain: literature


Authorities recovered a stolen Metro Transit bus and arrested the thief after a short joy ride on Interstate 494 throughout the Twin Cities suburbs late Wednesday.
The Metro Transit driver reported the bus stolen about 9:50 p.m. after returning from a scheduled break to find the vehicle missing, agency spokesman Howie Padilla said. The driver had parked the Route 75 bus at a store near the intersection of Marie Avenue and S. Robert Street in West St. Paul to make a procedural stop, he said.
That’s when a man took advantage of her absence, jumped in the empty driver’s seat and sped away.
Officers used GPS technology to locate the bus within minutes. The thief headed west on Interstate 494 but was quickly stopped by Metro Transit and airport police, along with State Patrol officers, just east of 24th Avenue near the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport.
The thief was detained within 10 minutes of the original call, Padilla said.
The 31-year-old man was arrested without incident and booked at the Hennepin County jail on probable cause theft. The Star Tribune does not typically identify suspects until they are formally charged.
No passengers were on the bus at the time of the theft and no one was injured, Padilla said.
Transit police will spearhead the investigation into how the man was able to commandeer the bus. It remains unclear whether the Metro Transit driver who left the vehicle unattended will face any punitive action.


text:
The Arab world is very upset over the injury of star soccer player Mohamed Salah, who was tackled by Read Madrid superstar Sergio Ramos last weekend in Kiev.
A petition demanding that Ramos be punished for the hit has reached over half a million signatures.
An Egyptian lawyer has filed a €1 billion lawsuit against Ramos for causing the injury.
“I’ll ask for compensation, which could exceed €1 billion (£873 million), for the physical and psychological harm that Ramos gave Salah and the Egyptian people,” the Egyptian lawyer said.
But most bizarre was the part that was most obvious: Arabs are accusing Ramos of being secretly Jewish in order to explain Ramos’ action.
Egyptian newspaper El Fagr starts off its article making this accusation this way:
It is not a conspiracy theory, which the Jews always accuse us of adopting, when we create positions that sound far from reason and logic to prove our position, even though we prove every time that we are right. Every hatred against us has its roots and origins. Those who support them stand behind them with all their might.
In the beginning, we must mention a clear fact that Jews never leave their vengeance no matter how long it has been. Examples include the assassination of Dr. Ashraf Marwan in London in 2007 after he killed 2,500 Israelis in the 1973 war because of his misleading information about the date of the real war, And before him liquidation of the leaders of the resistance in the Arab world which caused the deaths of Israelis, notably Yahya Ayyash, Imad Mughniyeh, Mahmoud Mabhouh and others.
There are those who wonder what all this has to do with sport, and the injury by Real Madrid player Sergio Ramos to our international star Mohamed Salah. Yes, there is a strong relationship that confirms the claim that Israel has never renounced its revenge.
Why did Jews want to exact revenge on Salah? Well, five years ago Salah – forced by his team to travel to Israel for a friendly match – refused to shake hands with the Israelis.
The Jews, according to this article, never forgot this awful snub. And Sergio Ramos has a Star of David tattooed on his arm – which means he is Jewish, and probably a Marrano or an otherwise secret Jew since his family is publicly Catholic.
The article says that the Jews, who never forget a slight to their honor, waited for just the right time to injure Salah a couple of weeks ahead of the World Cup where he was to lead the Egyptian team.
There you have it. The Jews enlisted a Real Madrid superstar to hurt the Arab because he refused to shake hands with Israelis.
I have yet to see any ridicule over this theory in Egyptian media.
(Ramos had tattooed the Star of David in memory of a Jewish teammate of his who died suddenly.)
There is one other theory floating around to explain Salah’s injury, though. A Kuwaiti preacher says Allah willed it it is because he ate on Ramadan.
We have lots of ideas, but we need more resources to be even more effective. Please donate today to help get the message out and to help defend Israel.


text:
Basements shouldn’t be a dark, dingy place to store boxes. Create a bright, warm and inviting space to meet your family’s changing needs. Whether it’s for yourself or you kid’s, a basement remodel is the most cost-effective remodeling project you can do in your home. Rescue 1 Construction has become one of the best choices for finished basement remodels in the Kansas City metro.
Our experienced staff includes plumbers, electricians, project managers and other specialty trades as needed. Whether you simply want extra living space to watch a movie or a custom wine cellar to store your collection of fine wine, we can design it for you. Your finished basement remodeling project is custom tailored to fit your needs and budget.
From concept to completion and every step in between, Rescue 1 Construction will create the basement finish of your dreams.
Mon - Fri: 9AM - 5PM
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Lees Summit, MO 64063

domain: design


text:
Courts in Lincoln County operate at the Federal, MS State, or local Lincoln County level to resolve legal disputes, including both criminal and civil charges in Lincoln County, Mississippi. Courts also create and preserve records about their cases, which can be found through a Lincoln County court docket search. A Lincoln County court docket lists all pending and decided cases by the court, and it can be used to find a court date, locate a case summary, or learn about case activity. Many courts provide searchable online access to their court dockets, which can be searched by case number, an individual's name, or a business name. Lincoln County court dockets also list the status of cases and information about any case filed with the court.
Brookhaven Circuit Court Brookhaven MS 215 Justice Street 39601 601-835-3435
Brookhaven Municipal Court Brookhaven MS 215 Justice Street 39601 601-833-6262
Lincoln County Justice Court Brookhaven MS 224 South 1st Street 39601 601-835-3474

domain: law


text:
|Reviews for Tortured Truth|
| fusioninferno chapter 16 . 7/27/2012
Very good fic.
| Guest chapter 1 . 7/15/2012
poor danny, poor poor danny
| kirara the great chapter 16 . 6/9/2012
| kirara the great chapter 8 . 6/8/2012
| kirara the great chapter 4 . 6/8/2012
| ForestEmerald chapter 16 . 1/23/2012
This story was absolutely brilliant. Loved it and I hope to read more of you're work soon.
| HalfafanD chapter 16 . 1/21/2012
Loved it, awsome. You should sooo be a novelest
| DPfruitloop chapter 16 . 1/8/2012
I love when I find a flipping AWSOME story like this, and find out that the author didnt bail on it. I am currently feeling emense joy due to this flipping awsome story. Thank you. Thank you for being so cool. Cus, your so cool you make up for all the lame authors. Ya. You're that cool. Be proud of yourself. You are cooler than...than...um...like...uh...A TURTLE! and do you know how AWSOME turtles are. Be proud you are more amazing than a turtle. U can match up to their awesomeness...even if you can't carry your home on your back! XD!
Wow I just got REALLY off topic there... Well my point is, this story is AMAZING, and I'm pushing that little 'favorite' button any second now...wait...wait for it...wait...
AND FAVORITE! \(.\)
| Anonymous chapter 7 . 10/9/2011
wow... you really made it THAT HARD to beat the BOX GHOST? damn.
| AspergianStoryteller chapter 5 . 9/15/2011
Not fit into either? but he's both. half/both is same/diff. Half-full glass vs half-empty.
| Little bit 1o1 chapter 1 . 7/3/2011
| CuddlyHawk chapter 1 . 5/19/2011
So... Why does the goo burn him? It's just ectoplasm, and Danny has it inside his body. I'm not meaning to sound rude, I'm just wondering :)
| AspergianStoryteller chapter 9 . 4/30/2011
In the future, when Danny's back to normal...
Sam/Tuck: yikes! *duck for cover*
Danny: achoo! ... nothing happens
| Trolly's Bara-chan chapter 16 . 4/24/2011
Wow. This was really good. A lot of Danny mood swings, but hey, those were totally understandable.
| SafyreSky chapter 16 . 3/12/2011
After going through a bunch of fics, I stumbled on this one. And I must say, it was pretty amazing. The whole half hour or so I just spent reading the whole thing was spent on the edge of my chair, with wide eyes and that feeling that's like "Holy shiznit, this is awesome! What's next? -insert fangirism here-"
The way you had everything written was just perfect, and everyone was so in character. All the twists and turns you took were incredible, since I've used awesome way too much. And when I read "sequel" I was like YEAH!
That last conversation between Jazz and Danny was hilarious and seemed like something right out of the series. And all your theories behind the show are pretty darn mind-blowing, and they made sense.
Anyways, I shall leave you with this long, essay of a review to go and read the sequel. Awesomesauce fic!


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Philips Sonicare DiamondClean
TeethTalkGirl.com was created by a passionate dental hygienist, Whitney DiFoggio, BS, RDH. Whitney’s journey of spreading dental health awareness began on the YouTube platform — where she continues to create educational videos for the public.
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Is Aetna Vital Dental Savings Plans Worth It?Are you looking to save on dental services? You’ll want to consider is the Aetna Vital Dental Savings Plan or Aetna Vital Dental Savings Plus Rx.


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Why is Hugh Jackman so modest? What wouldn't Anne Hathaway do for a role? What is the worst job Jackman ever had (hint: it involves a koala suit)? These were just a few of the questions the two stars answered during our latest Unscripted session.
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domain: entertainment


I have a Dell Optiplex 755 and an Optiplex GX280_ both Small Form Factors...
The 755 is running on a 250 Watt power source with a 2.00 Ghz CPU - Intel Core 2 Duo E4400
- PU052 motherboard _ Socket LGA775
The GX280 is at 160 Watts of power with a 3.20 Ghz CPU - Intel Pentium 4 540 - quad core
- also a socket 775 mobo...
- My question is,
could I transfer the 3.20 (540 of the GX280) over to the 755? I know that they both have the same socket layout, but is this particular CPU (the 540) compatible with the 755's motherboard?
Solved! Go to Solution.
I'm not sure why you think the Pentium 4 540 is quad core. It's single core with HT. This CPU swap would not work anyway.
Please post back and let me know if you need more help.
The Q35 chipset of the 755 does not support P4 chips (not all LGA775's are interchangeable). The 755 is clearly the better machine (assuming it is still functional), so even if you could put the P4 processor in it, I'm not sure why you would want to. The P4 clock speed is faster, but it's not always about the clock speed (otherwise they would have kept increasing speeds rather than developing more computing cores) ... as osprey said, the P4 has only a single core. Looking them up on CPUBenchmark.net, the Pentium 4 3.2 has a score of 524, while the Core 2 Duo E4400 has a score of 1165. They aren't even in the same class.


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We listen to people’s experiences of inequality and disadvantage, research the social and economic issues that affect them, evaluate services and propose policies to contribute to a more equitable and inclusive society. Our staff link robust research and policy approaches with the practice of our service delivery teams and insights from people’s everyday lives to produce analysis that will make a difference.
As the largest and oldest social policy research centre in a non-government welfare organisation in Australia, underpinned by a strong partnership with the University of Melbourne, we are well placed for this work.
Three ideas drive our research and policy efforts. First, we hold that social and economic inequality is not inevitable. It is the consequence of decisions made by governments, businesses, communities and individuals. Second, inequality does not just affect the unlucky minority. Rather, as a barrier to wealth generation and social cohesion it affects the country as a whole. Accordingly, investing in the potential of those who are most disadvantaged will reap long-term benefits for all. Finally, fostering the skills and capabilities of individuals and communities is vital to achieving a fairer society.
Our work focuses on:
The Research and Policy Centre (RPC) is guided by the Brotherhood of St Laurence's vision of an Australia free of poverty, as well as its mission to research, develop and deliver innovative and high quality services, practices and policies to drive change that benefits all Australians.
Through our original, independent research and policy work the RPC promotes:
We are committed to the development of knowledge and evidence that is:
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Unemployed people on Newstart survive on as little as $38.48 a day - that's $269.40 a week for all the essentials.… twitter.com/i/web/status/9…
The Brotherhood of St Laurence (BSL) acknowledges and understands its obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and recognises that all children and young people have the right to be treated with respect and care, and to be safe from all forms of abuse. BSL has a zero tolerance towards child abuse. Read the official statement signed by the Executive Director.
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The Brotherhood of St Laurence acknowledges and recognises the Traditional Owners of the land upon which we live and work, and we pay our respects to their Elders both past and present.

domain: sociology


Tuesday, November 1, 2011
Fruit growers in Washington state are having an incredibly tough time finding workers to harvest their crops this fall.
Growers put the blame on rising tensions regarding illegal immigration. Others contend the pay isn't high enough for the physically demanding work. In addition, harvest has been later this year, meaning the migrant workers who are generally in the Pacific Northwest for apple harvest have already moved on.
Regardless of the reason, there is a serious problem. It's big enough that it's caught the attention of Gov. Chris Gregoire.
The Governor's Office recently called an emergency meeting in Wenatchee seeking solutions.
At the meeting, growers talked about how hard it's been to find workers, according to Seattle Times reporter Lornet Turnbull. One orchardist recalled how, of the 149 people referred to him earlier in the season by the state's unemployment office, half showed up on the first day, a quarter on the second day. The numbers dwindled until only five workers were left, Turnbull reported.
Then a representative from the state Department of Corrections surprised growers by suggesting inmate labor. It was determined putting inmates to work in the fruit orchards of Eastern Washington would be too expensive.
Yet, a grower was so desperate for workers he agreed to pay program costs of $22 an hour for each offender. More than 100 inmates from Forks began work in Grant County on Monday.
Perhaps, given the depth of the problems for growers and the state government's current fiscal crisis, a long-term, affordable arrangement for inmate labor could be worked out.
This could have several benefits.
It could help get the crops harvested.
The money earned by the inmates could be used to fund victim compensation, help defray the cost of incarceration and even allow the inmates to keep a small amount of the money.
More importantly, it would give prisoners something productive to do. They can learn skills including how to work hard.
The prison system already has several industries it operates inside the walls of prisons, including the Washington State Penitentiary.
It's tricky, however, to run these businesses as they can't -- nor should they -- compete with the private sector. The inmates at the penitentiary, for example, make license plates.
It may be that the costs -- training of inmate labor, paying corrections officer to supervise, etc. -- mean having inmates work harvest might not be financially viable.
Then, again, even it was a wash it could make sense. Agriculture is a huge part of the Northwest economy and the Department of Corrections needs every dollar to keep inmates and staff safe.
This idea is a long shot to come to fruition, but it is worth pursuing.


Cowboys Rumors: DAL Unlikely to Sign Cam Newton, Trade for QB After Prescott Injury | News, Scores, Highlights, Stats, and Rumors
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The Dallas Cowboys reportedly aren’t expected to make a splashy move at quarterback in the wake of starter Dak Prescott undergoing thumb surgery this week.
According to ESPN’s Jeremy Fowler and Dan Graziano, the Cowboys are unlikely to trade for a quarterback like Jimmy Garoppolo of the San Francisco 49ers or Mason Rudolph of the Pittsburgh Steelers, and they aren’t expected to sign a big-name quarterback like Cam Newton either.
Fowler and Graziano noted that the likeliest course of action with Prescott out is for the Cowboys to roll with Cooper Rush as the starter, elevate Will Grier from the practice squad to be the backup and sign a third quarterback to the practice squad.
ESPN’s Todd Archer reported Monday that the thumb injury is expected to keep Prescott out for six to eight weeks, but Cowboys owner Jerry Jones expressed optimism Tuesday that Dak may only miss four games.
This article will be updated soon to provide more information and analysis.


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Determination of Phosphorus Source Coefficients for Organic Phosphorus Sources
- A. B. Leytem *a,
- J. T. Simsb and
- F. J. Coalec
Phosphorus losses in runoff from application of manures and biosolids to agricultural land are implicated in the degradation of water quality in the Chesapeake and Delaware Inland Bays. We conducted an incubation study to determine the relative P solubility and bioavailability, referred to as P source coefficients (PSCs), for organic P sources, which are typically land-applied in the Mid-Atlantic USA. Nine organic and one inorganic (KH2PO4) P amendments were applied to an Evesboro loamy sand (mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments) at a rate of 60 mg P kg−1 and incubated for 8 wk with subsamples analyzed at 2 and 8 wk. There was an increase in Mehlich-3 P (M3-P), water-soluble P (WS-P), iron-oxide strip extractable P (FeO-P), and Mehlich-3 P saturation ratio (M3-PSR) with P additions, which varied by P source. The trend of relative extractable WS-P, FeO-P, and M3-P generally followed the pattern: inorganic P > liquid and deep pit manures > manures and biosolids treated with metal salts or composted. We found significant differences in the availability of P from varying organic P sources. The use of PSCs may be beneficial when determining the risk of P losses from land application of manures and other organic P sources and could be used in risk assessments such as a P site index. These PSCs may also be useful for determining P application rates when organic P sources are applied to P deficient soils for use as a fertilizer source.Please view the pdf by using the Full Text (PDF) link under 'View' to the left.
Copyright © 2004.

domain: chemistry


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The Republican National Committee is pouring resources into Colorado, adding more than a dozen staffers as a new Senate candidate and sagging poll numbers for Democrats raise GOP hopes of ending the party’s decade-long drought.
Will Rep. Paul Ryan’s fellow Republicans get behind the budget deal he helped to craft, or is compromise simply not an acceptable option?
Democratic Sen. Mark Udall of Colorado may not cruise to re-election next year, according to a poll released Tuesday that suggested a clear undercurrent of dissatisfaction among Colorado voters.
A top aide to Denver Mayor Michael Hancock, city Regional Affairs Director Paul J. Ryan, died late Saturday from what friends said were complications from a burst appendix.
At midnight, not only did the ball drop in Times Square, ushering in a New Year, but Congress dropped the ball on delivering the country meaningful deficit reduction.
On a conference call with donors Romney claimed that Obama won because he gave “gifts” to African Americans, Latinos and young voters.
A group of nuns hopped on a bus for a rolling campaign to prevent cuts to programs for the poor.
Obama plays basketball and Romney campaigns on Election Day
Republican vice presidential candidate Paul Ryan made his final Colorado stop on Monday.
Both campaigns say the election is now in the hands of supporters, not the candidates. It’s the supporters working at the grassroots level getting out the vote that could determine the winner.


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A host of businesses are getting behind a colourful event to raise cash for a South Tyneside hospice.
St Clare’s Hospice has thanked the organisations that are backing its Rainbow Dash this year.
Peter Johnson Funerals, LS Care, Fit4Less Jarrow and Martino’s restaurant are helping to pay for event, which will raise money for the hospice, in Primrose Terrace, Jarrow, which supplies palliative care to people with life-limiting illnesses.
The businesses will also be manning the powdered paint stations on the day helping to cover the participants, including teams made up of their own employees, in paint as they run around the track at Monkton Stadium.
The event takes place at the site, in Dene Terrace, Jarrow, on Sunday, May 22.
Sonia Graham, senior fundraiser for the Hospice, said: “We really appreciate the support of the local businesses involved. Their backing enables us to make sure the event is a success and raises as much as possible for patient care at the hospice.
“Taking part in the Rainbow Dash is a great way for businesses to support St Clare’s while sharing a fun day with work colleagues. I would encourage local workplaces to enter a team in the Rainbow Dash together, they won’t regret it.”
The Rainbow Dash is an untimed fun run where participants start the run as clean as a whistle and are then showered from head to toe with vibrant – but safe and non-toxic – powdered paint as they walk, run or dance around the route.


In buoyant mood, he shrugged off the shortfall in tax revenues below the Treasury's earlier forecasts which led him to announce big upward revisions in targets for the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement (PSBR) last week.
"A PSBR forecast that is only out by pounds 4.5bn is not bad by historical standards," he assured the House of Commons Treasury Select Committee yesterday. "The key to policy is that borrowing must be kept firmly on a downward path."
Mr Clarke reaffirmed the commitment to bring the Government budget towards balance in the medium term. But he agreed that lower than expected inflation had created some pounds 3.5bn in slack in current public spending plans.
Reducing the spending target be that amount would be more than enough to cut the basic rate of income tax by a penny, provided there is no further slippage in the PSBR.
Mr Clarke said there was no satisfactory explanation of the shortfall in tax revenues below the Treasury's earlier forecasts. But he added that revenues were growing - just not as quickly as he had expected.
"The forecasts are treated ridiculously. They will be quite different this time next year, I guarantee you a pound to a penny," he said.
The Chancellor defended his optimistic outlook for growth in the second half of this year. In new forecasts last week he predicted it would climb from under 2 per cent in the first half of the year to nearly 4 per cent in the second half. "My confident views are becoming ever more widely shared," he said
However, the Chancellor denied that this view was inconsistent with his decision to cut the level of base rates last month. He said he gave most weight to the direction of the real economy in setting interest rates.
"People are warning me of a risk of overheating in the economy when at the moment we are still at a rather low temperature," he said, in a remark sure to be taken as leaving scope for a further cut in base rates.
Mr Clarke and Eddie George, Governor of the Bank of England, are due to hold their next monetary meeting on 30 July. Mr Clarke said he was surprised the Office for National Statistics had not yet revised up its figures for GDP earlier this year, adding that he had decided not to raise interest rates last May because he had not believed the statistics.
This swipe at the figures follows his recent statement that his Treasury "boffins" had made mistakes and his criticism last week of the Bank of England's inflation forecasts. Mr Clarke added insult to injury: "I did not accuse them of bad forecasts. I simply said their forecasts had always been wrong."


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Twenty Assaf lambs fed barley straw plus a concentrate alone (CONTROL group) or enriched with naringin (1.5 g/kg DM, NARINGIN group) were used to assess the effect of this polyphenolic compound on meat quality attributes. Serum samples were collected for 7 weeks, then the animals were slaughtered and the livers and longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles extracted for analysis. Triacylglycerol levels in the serum samples tended to show (P = 0.087) lower average values for the NARINGIN group when compared with the CONTROL, but no differences were observed when the meat was analysed for the intramuscular fat content. Lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances procedure (TBARS) values (P < 0.001) in the liver of the NARINGIN group were detected, probably as a consequence of naringenin accumulation in this organ. No significant differences were observed in the meat samples concerning TBARS or colour evolution during refrigerated storage, as not enough naringenin would have reached the muscle. Independent of naringin administration, the low levels of the most atherogenic oxysterols must be highlighted as the most important quality score in the lamb meat samples studied.
Forty Assaf fattening lambs (initial age 13 to 15 weeks) offered a diet of barley straw and a commercial concentrate were used to assess the effect of naringin (a type of citrus flavonoid with proven antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in monogastric animals) at a dose of 1.5 g/kg per dry matteron plasma lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), immune response, ruminal bacterial community and protection provided by the ruminal wall against subclinical acidosis. After 49 days of the experimental diets, lambs were subjected to a 4-h transportation stress period. As expected, TBARS values were significantly increased in all the lambs just after the transportation period, but no effect of naringin was observed. Although naringin lowered red blood cell count, neither the total white blood cells counts nor the production of IFN-γ were affected by naringin. No anti-inflammation activity preventing rumenitis was detected, but a clear effect on ruminal bacterial community was observed in lambs consuming naringin. Further experiments, using different doses of naringin might show health benefits of naringin supplementation in lambs, but a clear beneficial effect on health was not readily apparent in this study.
Foetal life malnutrition has been studied intensively in a number of animal models. Results show that especially foetal life protein malnutrition can lead to metabolic changes later in life. This might be of particular importance for strict carnivores, for example, cat and mink (Neovison vison) because of their higher protein requirement than in other domestic mammals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low protein provision during foetal life to male mink kits on their protein metabolism during the early post-weaning period of rapid growth and to investigate whether foetal life protein deficiency affects the response to adequate or deficient protein provision post weaning. Further, we intended to study whether the changes in the gene expression of key enzymes in foetal hepatic tissue caused by maternal protein deficiency were manifested post-weaning. A total of 32 male mink kits born to mothers fed either a low-protein diet (LP), that is, 14% of metabolizable energy (ME) from protein (foetal low - FL), n = 16, or an adequate-protein (AP) diet, that is, 29% of ME from protein (foetal adequate - FA), n = 16) in the last 16.3 ± 1.8 days of pregnancy were used. The FL offspring had lower birth weight and lower relative abundance of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-1,6-P2ase) and pyruvate kinase mRNA in foetal hepatic tissue than FA kits. The mothers were fed a diet containing adequate protein until weaning. At weaning (7 weeks of age), half of the kits from each foetal treatment group were fed an AP diet (32% of ME from protein; n = 8 FA and 8 FL) and the other half were fed a LP diet (18% of ME from protein; n = 8 FA and 8 FL) until 9.5 weeks of age, yielding four treatment groups (i.e. FA-AP, FA-LP, FL-AP and FL-LP). Low protein provision in foetal life lowered the protein oxidation post-weaning compared with the controls (P = 0.006), indicating metabolic flexibility and a better ability to conserve protein. This could not, however, be supported by changes in liver mass because of foetal life experience. A lower relative abundance of Fru-1,6-P2ase mRNA was observed (P < 0.05), being lower in 9.5-week-old FL than in FA kits. It can be concluded that foetal life protein restriction leads to changes in post-weaning protein metabolism through lower protein oxidation of male mink kits.
A total of 200 (Landrace × Large White dam × Pietrain × Large White sire) gilts of 50 ± 3 days of age (23.3 ± 1.47 kg BW) were used to investigate the effects of castration (intact gilt, IG v. castrated gilt, CG) and slaughter weight (SW; 106 v. 122 kg BW) on productive performance, carcass and meat quality. Four treatments were arranged factorially and five replicates of 10 pigs each per treatment. Half of the gilts were ovariectomized at 58 days of age (8 days after the beginning of the trial at 29.8 ± 1.64 kg BW), whereas the other half remained intact. The pigs were slaughtered at 106 or 122 kg BW. Meat samples were taken at Musculus longissimus thoracis at the level of the last rib and subcutaneous fat samples were taken at the tail insertion. For the entire experimental period, CG had higher (P < 0.05) BW gain and higher (P < 0.001) backfat and Musculus gluteus medius fat thickness than IG. However, IG had higher (P < 0.05) loin and trimmed primal cut yields than CG. Meat quality was similar for IG and CG but the proportion of linoleic acid in subcutaneous fat was higher (P < 0.001) for IG. Pigs slaughtered at 122 kg BW had higher (P < 0.001) feed intake and poorer feed efficiency than pigs slaughtered at 106 kg BW. An increase in SW improved (P < 0.001) carcass yield but decreased (P < 0.05) trimmed primal cut yield. Meat from pigs slaughtered at the heavier BW was redder (a*; P < 0.001) and had more (P < 0.01) intramuscular fat and less thawing (P < 0.05) and cooking (P < 0.10) loss than meat from pigs slaughtered at the lighter BW. In addition, pigs slaughtered at 122 kg BW had less (P < 0.01) linoleic acid content in subcutaneous fat than pigs slaughtered at 106 kg BW. Castration of gilts and slaughtering at heavier BW are useful practices for the production of heavy pigs destined to the dry-cured industry in which a certain amount of fat in the carcass is required. In contrast, when the carcasses are destined to fresh meat production, IG slaughtered at 106 kg BW is a more efficient alternative.
Dairy fat contains high amounts of saturated fatty acids (FA), which are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Manipulation of dairy cows nutrition allows to decrease the saturated FA content of milk fat, and is associated with increases either in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-11-C18:1 contents, or in trans-10-C18:1 content. CLA putatively exhibits beneficial properties on CVD risk, whereas trans FA are suspected to be detrimental. The present study compared the effects of a trans-10-C18:1-rich butter (T10 butter), a trans-11-C18:1+CLA-rich butter (T11-CLA butter) and a standard butter (S butter) on lipid parameters linked to the CVD risk and fatty streaks. Thirty-six White New Zealand rabbits were fed one of the three butters (12% of the diet, plus 0.2% cholesterol) for 6 (experiment 1) or 12 (experiment 2) weeks. Liver lipids, plasma lipids and lipoprotein concentrations (experiments 1 and 2) and aortic lipid deposition (experiment 2) were determined. The T10 butter increased VLDL-cholesterol compared with the two others, and total and LDL-cholesterol compared with the T11-CLA butter ( P < 0.05). The T10 butter also increased non-HDL/HDL ratio and aortic lipid deposition compared with the T11-CLA butter ( P < 0.05). The T11-CLA butter non-significantly reduced aortic lipid deposition compared with the S butter, and decreased HDL-cholesterol and increased liver triacyglycerols compared with the two other butters ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that, compared with the S butter, the T10 butter had detrimental effects on plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in rabbits, whereas the T11-CLA butter was neutral or tended to reduce the aortic lipid deposition.
On the basis of the isomer-specific effects of trans fatty acids (FA) on human health, and the detrimental effect of t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on cows' milk fat production, there is a need to identify factors that affect the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 pathway during ruminal biohydrogenation of FA. This experiment was conducted in vitro and aimed at separating the effects of the diet of the donor cows from those of the fermentative substrate, which is necessary to prevent this shift. A total of four dry Holstein dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. They received 12 kg of dry matter per day of four diets based on maize silage during four successive periods: the control diet (22% starch, <3% fat); the high-starch diet, supplemented with wheat plus barley (35% starch, <3% crude fat); the sunflower oil diet, supplemented with 5% of sunflower oil (20% starch, 7.6% crude fat); and the high-starch plus oil diet (33% starch, 7.3% crude fat). Ruminal fluid of each donor cow was incubated for 5 h with four substrates having similar chemical composition to the diets, replacing sunflower oil by pure linoleic acid (LA). The efficiency of isomerisation of LA to CLA was the highest when rumen fluids from cows receiving dietary oil were incubated with added LA. The shift from trans-11 to trans-10 isomers was induced in vitro by high-starch diets and the addition of LA. Oil supplementation to the diet of the donor cows increased this shift. Conversely, the trans-10 isomer balance was always low when no LA was added to incubation cultures. These results showed that a large accumulation of trans-10 FA was only observed with an adapted microflora, as well as an addition of non-esterified LA to the incubation substrate.
A total of 72 male weaned pigs were used in a 110-day study to investigate the effect of feeding genetically modified (GM) Bt MON810 maize on selected growth and health indicators. It was hypothesised that in pigs fed Bt maize, growth and health are not impacted compared with pigs fed isogenic maize-based diets. Following a 12-day basal period, pigs (10.7 ± 1.9 kg body weight (BW); ∼40 days old) were blocked by weight and ancestry and randomly assigned to treatments: (1) non-GM maize diet for 110 days (non-GM), (2) GM maize diet for 110 days (GM), (3) non-GM maize diet for 30 days followed by GM maize diet up to day 110 (non-GM/GM) and (4) GM maize diet for 30 days followed by non-GM maize diet up to day 110 (GM/non-GM). BW and daily feed intake were recorded on days 0, 30, 60 and 110 (n = 15). Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (n = 10) on day 80. Following slaughter on day 110, organs and intestines were weighed and sampled for histological analysis and urine was collected for biochemical analysis (n = 10). Serum biochemistry analysis was performed on days 0, 30, 60, 100 and 110. Growth performance and serum biochemistry were analysed as repeated measures with time and treatment as main factors. The slice option of SAS was used to determine treatment differences at individual time points. There was no effect of feeding GM maize on overall growth, body composition, organ and intestinal weight and histology or serum biochemistry on days 60 and 100 and on urine biochemistry on day 110. A treatment × time interaction was observed for serum urea (SU; P < 0.05), creatinine (SC; P < 0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; P < 0.05). On day 30, SU was lower for the non-GM/GM treatment compared with the non-GM, GM and GM/non-GM treatments (P < 0.05). On day 110, SC was higher for the non-GM/GM and GM/non-GM treatments compared with non-GM and GM treatments (P < 0.05). Overall, serum total protein was lower for the GM/non-GM treatment compared with the non-GM/GM treatment (P < 0.05). The magnitude of change observed in some serum biochemical parameters did not indicate organ dysfunction and the changes were not accompanied by histological lesions. Long-term feeding of GM maize to pigs did not adversely affect growth or the selected health indicators investigated.
A total of eight Simmental heifers (114 ± 3.2 days old and weighing 118 ± 3.8 kg BW) were used to study the effects of feeding method on intake and animal behaviour in a crossover design experiment. Treatments consisted of feeding concentrate and chopped barley straw as (1) choice (CH; concentrate and straw in separate feedbunks) or (2) total mixed ration (TMR; concentrate and straw in one feedbunk). Feeds were offered on an ad libitum basis, but always maintaining a concentrate to straw ratio of 90 to 10. The experiment was performed in two 21-day periods, and sampling was carried out in the last week of each period. At the end of each period, treatment was changed for heifers; hence, the final number of animals per treatment was eight. Intake was recorded over 7 consecutive days. BW was recorded at the beginning and the end of the experiment and on day 21 of each experimental period. Barley straw was coarsely chopped with a chopping machine. Once chopped, all the straw was handled for particle size separation using the 2-screen Penn State Particle Separator and only material of more than 8 mm was used to feed the heifers. Animal behaviour was video-recorded for 24 h on day 2 and day 6 of each experimental period. Concentrate intake and total dry matter intake of heifers fed with the CH feeding method were higher (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) than when fed with TMR (5.1 and 5.3 v. 4.7 and 5.0 kg dry matter (DM)/day, respectively). Conversely, barley straw was consumed in higher amounts in heifers fed with the TMR feeding method (0.3 v. 0.2 kg DM/day, respectively; P = 0.001). The total NDF intake was similar in both treatments. In contrast, NDF intake from barley straw and physically effective NDF intake were higher in heifers fed with the TMR feeding method than when fed with CH. Feeding method used to feed heifers did not affect the consumption of the different kinds of barley straw particles and eating and drinking behaviours but affected ruminating behaviour. Heifers fed TMR spent more time ruminating than heifers fed concentrate and barley straw separately (376 v. 287 min/day, respectively; P < 0.01). TMR as the feeding method in intensive beef production systems could be a good approach to promote roughage intake.
Although endogenous synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the mammary gland of lactating cows has been already well documented, no study has determined so far as to which tissue and/or organ is involved in CLA synthesis in the growing ruminant except one study showing that CLA synthesis does not occur in ruminant liver. In this context, adipose tissue appears to be a good candidate for endogenous synthesis of CLA in the growing ruminant. The aim of this study was to compare the respective metabolisms of 11trans 18:1 (vaccenic acid, VA) and 9cis,11trans 18:2 (rumenic acid) to that of stearic acid (the preferential substrate of Δ9 desaturase) in adipose tissues (subcutaneous, SC and intermuscular, IM) of six Charolais steers by using the in vitromethod of incubated tissue slices. Samples of SC and IM adipose tissues were incubated at 37°C for 16 h under an atmosphere of 95% O2/5% CO2 in a medium supplemented with 0.75 mM of fatty acid (FA) mixture (representative of circulating non-esterified FA) and 186 μM [1-14C]-18:0 or 58.6 μM [1-14C]-VA or 56 μM [1-14C]-9cis,11trans CLA. Viability of explants was verified by measuring metabolic functions (glucose uptake and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity). After 16 h of incubation, FA uptake was similar for all FA (18:0, VA and 9cis,11trans 18:2) in both SC and IM adipose tissues (around 40%). Once in adipose tissue, all FA were preferentially esterified (>80% of cell FA) favouring neutral lipid synthesis (around 90% of esterified FA). Stearic acid was highly (27%) desaturated into oleic acid in SC adipose tissue whereas this desaturation was much lower (6.8%) in IM adipose tissue (P < 0.0001). VA was desaturated into 9cis,11trans CLA at a low extent of about 2.5% to 4.4% in both adipose tissues probably because of a limited affinity of Δ9 desaturase for VA. 9cis,11trans CLA was itself converted by desaturation into 6cis, 9cis,11trans 18:3 at the intensity of 10.8% and 14.5% of cell 9cis,11trans CLA in SC and IM adipose tissues, respectively. In conclusion, bovine adipose tissues of the growing ruminant were especially involved in the endogenous synthesis of CLA from VA and in its desaturation into conjugated derivative, mainly 6cis, 9cis,11trans 18:3, of which biological properties need to be elucidated.
Whether the rumen microbes are able to synthesize and/or degrade long-chain alkanes in anaerobic conditions remains a question to be answered before these hydrocarbons can be confidently used as duodenal flow or rumen transit markers. In this context, an experiment in vitro was carried out to establish whether within a rumen liquor fermentation system, n-alkanes can be derived from de-waxed structures of the plant or from non-alkane wax components (long-chain fatty alcohols, long-chain fatty acids and esters), or may be metabolized by bacteria to other components or to shorter-chain hydrocarbons. Ryegrass was labelled with 14C in growth chambers under controlled conditions in order to use it as a substrate. The labelled material obtained was separated in three fractions: labelled alkanes, labelled de-waxed plant and labelled wax components without the alkanes. These fractions were used for three different incubations in vitro, which objectives were as follows: 1. To check whether rumen bacteria can synthesize alkanes from carbon structures other than waxes (e.g. sugars). 2. To verify whether rumen bacteria can metabolize the n-alkanes to other compounds. 3. To check whether rumen bacteria can synthesize n-alkanes from other carbon compounds from waxes. The results showed that there was neither bacterial synthesis nor metabolism of the n-alkanes in in vitro conditions.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-weaning concentrate feeding in early-weaned (EW, day 90) or traditionally weaned (TW, day 150) autumn-born beef calves on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency, and carcass and meat quality. Twenty-eight male calves were either EW or TW, and offered a starter concentrate (S) or no additional feed (NS) during the pre-weaning period. Therefore, four management strategies were tested: EWS, EWNS, TWS and TWNS. Growth patterns were affected by management strategy. From day 90 to 150, TWNS calves presented a substantially lower average daily gain (ADG) than their counterparts, which had similar performance. During the finishing phase (from day 150 to slaughter at 450 kg live weight), EWS calves had the lowest ADG. Daily feed intake or efficiency in the finishing phase was unaffected by previous management. Serum IGF-I concentrations at day 90 and slaughter did not differ with management strategy, but early weaning and pre-weaning concentrate feeding increased IGF-I concentrations at day 150. Circulating leptin concentrations were unaffected by age at weaning and pre-weaning concentrate feeding, except for leptin concentrations at slaughter, which were higher in S calves than in NS calves. Total concentrate intake from birth to slaughter and the concomitant feed costs were higher for EWS and EWNS calves than for TWNS and TWS ones. However, cow feed costs were lower for cows whose calves had been early weaned. Concerning carcass quality, early weaning improved dressing percentage and increased fatness score, and particularly TWNS calves presented a poorer conformation. Meat quality was not affected by management strategy. Considering the economic performance, TWS, EWNS and EWS strategies yielded a similar economic margin, whereas TWNS would be the least advisable strategy when calves are fattened in the farm until slaughter.
Previous studies have indicated that (15)N enrichment of solid-associated bacteria (SAB) may be predicted from the same value in liquid-associated bacteria (LAB). The aims of this study were to confirm this and to measure the error in the nutrient supply from SAB, when LAB are used as the reference sample. For this purpose, the chemical and amino acid (AA) compositions of both the bacterial populations were studied in four experiments carried out on different groups of three rumen cannulated wethers. Diets (one in Experiments 1 and 4 and three in Experiments 2 and 3) had forage-to-concentrate ratios (dry matter (DM) basis) between 2 : 1 and 40 : 60, and were consumed at intake levels between 40 and 75 g DM/kg (BW)(0.75). The bacteria samples were isolated after continuous infusion of ((15)NH(4))(2)SO(4) (40, 18, 30 and 25 mg (15)N/day, in Experiments 1 to 4, respectively) for at least 14 days. In all experiments, SAB had consistently higher concentrations of organic matter (826 v. 716 g/kg DM, as average) and total lipids (192 v. 95 g/kg DM, as average) than LAB. Similar CP concentrations of both populations were observed, except a higher concentration in SAB than in LAB in Experiment 3. A consistent (in Experiment 4 only as tendency) higher AA-N/total N ratio (on average 17.5%) was observed in SAB than in LAB. The (15)N enrichment in SAB was systematically lower than in LAB. On the basis of the results of all studies a close relationship was found between the (15)N enrichment in SAB and LAB, which was shown irrespective of experiments. This relationship was established from Experiments 1 and 2 and the above cited previous results (n = 20; P < 0.001; R(2) = 0.996), and then confirmed from the results of Experiments 3 and 4. These relationships between SAB and LAB demonstrate that CP supply from SAB is underevaluated by, on average, 21.2% when LAB are used as the reference. This underevaluation was higher for true protein and even higher for the lipid supply (32.5% and 59.6%, respectively, as an average of the four experiments). Large differences in AA profile were observed between SAB and LAB. The prediction equation obtained using (15)N as the marker may be used to correct the errors associated with the traditional use of LAB as the reference sample, and therefore to obtain more accurate estimates of the microbial nutrient supply to the ruminants.
Osteochondrosis (OC) is an inherited developmental disease in young horses most frequently observed in thoroughbreds, trotters, warmblood and coldblood horses. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for equine OC have been identified in Hanoverian warmblood horses employing a whole genome scan with microsatellites. A QTL on ECA16 reached the genome-wide significance level for hock osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). The aim of this study was to refine this QTL on ECA16 using an extended marker set of 34 newly developed microsatellites and 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We used the same 14 paternal half-sib groups as in the above-mentioned whole genome scan. The QTL for OCD in hock joints on ECA16 could be delimited at an interval between 17.60 and 45.18 Mb using multipoint non-parametric linkage analyses. In addition, six microsatellites and one SNP were significantly associated with hock OCD in the QTL region between 24.26 and 42.41 Mb. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a second QTL for fetlock OC between 6.55 and 24.26 Mb on ECA16. This report is a further step towards unravelling the genes underlying QTL for equine OC and towards the development of a marker test for OC in Hanoverian warmblood horses.
In the rumen, plant particles are colonised and degraded by the rumen micro-organisms. Although numerous important findings about fibre-associated bacterial community were obtained using traditional or molecular techniques, little information is available on the dynamics of bacteria associated with feed particles during incubation in the rumen. In the present study, ryegrass leaf, ryegrass stem and rice straw, representing different carbohydrate compositions, were used as substrates and placed in the rumen of goats by using nylon bags, and PCR/DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) with subsequent sequence analysis were used to monitor the dynamics of and identify bacteria associated with the substrates during 24 h of incubation. DGGE results showed that substrate samples collected from 10 min to 6 h had similar DGGE patterns, with up to 24 predominant bands to each sample, including 14 common bands to all samples, suggesting a rapid and stable colonisation by a highly diverse bacterial community. Substrate samples collected at 12 and 24 h showed similar DGGE patterns but had great difference in DGGE patterns from those collected at 10 min to 6 h, suggesting an apparent shift in bacterial community. Sequence analysis indicated that most substrate-associated bacteria were closely related to fibrolytic bacteria. In conclusion, a highly diverse and similar rumen bacterial community could immediately colonise to different substrates and remained stable during the initial 6 h of incubation, but experienced a marked change after 12 h of incubation. Italian ryegrass leaf, Italian ryegrass stem and rice straw were colonised with a similar bacterial community.
Three methanogen 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from liquid (LM), solid (SM) and epithelium (EM) fractions taken from the rumen of Jinnan cattle in China. After the amplification by PCR using methanogen-specific primers Met86F and Met1340R, equal quantities of PCR products from the same fractions from each of the four cattle were mixed together and used to construct the three libraries. Sequence analysis showed that the 268 LM clones were divided into 35 phylotypes with 18 sequences of phylotypes affiliated with the genus Methanobrevibacter (84.3% of clones). The 135 SM clones were divided into 19 phylotypes with 11 phylotypes affiliated with the genus Methanobrevibacter (77.8%). The 267 EM clones were divided into 33 phylotypes with 15 phylotypes affiliated with the genus Methanobrevibacter (77.2%). Clones closely related to Methanomicrobium mobile and Methanobrevibacter wolinii were only found in the LM library, and those to Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii only in the SM library. LM library comprised 12.4% unidentified euryarchaeal clones, SM library 23.7% and EM library 25.5%, respectively. Five phylotypes (accession number: EF055528 and EF055531-EF055534) did not belong to the Euryarchaeota sequences we had known. One possible new genus (represented by phylotype E17, accession number EF055528) belonging to Methanobacteriaceae was identified from EM library. Quantitative real-time PCR for the first time revealed that epithelium fraction had significantly higher density of methanogens, with methanogenic mcrA gene copies (9.95 log 10 (copies per gram of wet weight)) than solid (9.26, P < 0.01) and the liquid (8.44, P < 0.001). The three clone libraries also appeared different in Shannon index (EM library 2.12, LM library 2.05 and SM library 1.73). Our results showed that there were apparent differences in the methanogenic diversity and abundance in the three different fractions within the rumen of Jinnan cattle, with Methanobrevibacter species predominant in all the three libraries and with epithelium fraction having more unknown species and higher density of methanogens.
The aim of this study was to measure the effect of estradiol-17β (E2) injection on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and egg-laying performance of Japanese quail. Female Japanese quail were housed in cages and fed ad libitum. After a 7-day adaptation period, the birds were randomly assigned to three groups, that is, one control group and two test groups. The birds were weighed, before every injection. The control group was subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml sesame oil-ethanol mixture, whereas test groups were injected, twice in a week, with 0.2 ml sesame oil-ethanol mixture containing 0.1 or 0.2 mg E2 along the study. One day after the first injection, egg number, egg weight, eggshell strength and food conception were daily recorded. On the last day of the experiment, the birds were injected and 3 h later seven birds from each group were randomly selected for bleeding. Blood samples (2 ml/bird) were collected from the jugular vein for the measurements of serum concentrations of E2, FSH, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). E2 injection did not cause any significant changes in serum FSH concentrations, daily egg laid/bird, food conception/bird, serum concentrations of the Ca and the P. Egg weight was significantly increased in the 0.1 mg E2-injected group as compared with the control and 0.2 mg E2-injected groups. Eggshell strength in the 0.2 mg E2-injected group was significantly high as compared with the control, whereas the difference between the 0.1 mg E2- and 0.2 mg E2-injected groups was not statistically important. These results show that serum FSH concentration was not increased even when slightly suppressed by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 or 0.2 mg E2. Different doses of E2 have different functions. The increase in BWs in the 0.1 mg E2-injected group was a result of the dose effect, which probably increased growth hormone secretion from the pituitary or IGF-1 synthesis from the liver or both. The dose, 0.2 mg E2, was ineffective in increasing the BW, but it significantly increased eggshell strength probably via the increase in Ca and P utilizations.
This trial was conducted to study the effect of livestock production system (freedom extensive system (FES) v. semi extensive system (SES)) and amount of finishing feed (1.5 v. 3.0 kg of commercial feed) in SES on carcass characteristics, meat quality and nutritional value of meat foal slaughtered at 18 months of age. For this study, a total of 49 foals (21 from FES and 28 from SES) were used. The obtained results showed that SES had a positive influence on carcass characteristic because these foals showed the best values for live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, perimeter of leg (PL) and carcass compactness index. On the other hand, finishing feeding also had a significant (P<0.05) effect on PL and lean thickness, as the highest values were obtained in foals finished with 3 kg of commercial fodder. The physico-chemical properties were significantly affected by the livestock production system with the exception of ashes content (P>0.05). Foals finished in SES increased in 408% the intramuscular fat content (0.23 v. 1.17%, for foals reared in FES and SES, respectively). On the other hand, L*-value and a*-value were significantly (P<0.01) affected by livestock production system, as foals from the FES group had a more intense redder color (higher CIE a*-value) and higher lightness (higher CIE L*-value) compared with those from the SES group. Finally, meat nutritional value was significantly affected by livestock production system, as foals from an extensive production system on wood pasture could be considered as healthier in relation to their fatty acid profiles (low n-6/n-3 ratio and high hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio) as a result of the beneficial grass intake on meat fatty acid profile.
Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were obtained for body weight and scrotal circumference, adjusted, respectively, to 12 (BW12 and SC12) and 18 (BW18 and SC18) months of age, for 10 742 male Nellore cattle. The adjustments to SC12 and SC18 were made using a nonlinear logistic function, while BW12 and BW18 were obtained by linear adjustment. The contemporary groups (CGs) were defined from animals born on the same farm, in the same year and birth season. The mean heritability estimates obtained using the restricted maximum likelihood method in bi-trait analysis were 0.25, 0.25, 0.29 and 0.42 for BW12, BW18, SC12 and SC18, respectively. The genetic correlations were 0.30 ± 0.11, 0.21 ± 0.13, 0.21 ± 0.11, -0.08 ± 0.15, 0.16 ± 0.12 and 0.89 ± 0.04 between the traits BW12 and BW18; BW12 and SC12; BW12 and SC18; BW18 and SC12; BW18 and SC18; and SC12 and SC18. The heritability for SC18 was considerably greater than for SC12, suggesting that this should be included as a selection criterion. The genetic correlation between BW18 and SC12 was close to zero, indicating that these traits did not influence each other. The contrary occurred between SC12 and SC18, indicating that selection using one of these could alter the other. Because of the mean magnitudes of heritabilities in the various measurements of weight and scrotal perimeter, it is suggested that the practice of individual selection for these traits is possible.
The current study was conducted to determine the effect of different α-tocopherol (vitamin E) inclusion levels on trans(t)-18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) profiles in subcutaneous and intramuscular fat of steers fed a barley-based diet. Fifty-six feedlot steers were offered a barley-based finisher diet (73% steam rolled barley, 22% barley silage and 5% supplement as-fed basis) with four levels of supplementary dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (340, 690, 1040 or 1740 IU/steer per day) for 120 days. Adding vitamin E to the diet had little effect on the overall fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. The proportion of individual and total t,t- and cis(c),t-CLA, n-3 fatty acids, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids to PUFA ratio in subcutaneous fat were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary vitamin E supplementation. Increasing levels of vitamin E led to linear reductions in t6-/t7-/t8-18:1 and t10-18:1 (P < 0.05), and linear increase in t11-/t10-18:1 ratio (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous fat. The content of 20:3n-6 and total n-6 in subcutaneous fat decreased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing amounts of vitamin E. The subcutaneous fat n-6:n-3 ratio showed a quadratic (P < 0.05) response to vitamin E. In conclusion, although vitamin E supplementation has some potential to reduce t10-18:1 formation and increase t11-/t10-18:1 ratio in subcutaneous fat of cattle fed barley-based diets, the changes in the present study were limited and may not have been sufficient to impact on human health.
The incidence of mortality and culling in Holstein-Friesian heifers from birth through first calving was determined on 19 dairy farms selected from across southern England. The outcome of 1097 calvings was determined. Size (BW, heart girth, crown-rump length and height at withers) and insulin-like growth factor-I concentration of live heifer calves were measured at a mean age of 26 ± 0.7 days (n = 506). Associations between the heifer-level variables and mortality were determined using clustered binary logistic regression. Perinatal mortality (stillbirths and mortality within the first 24 h of birth) of male and female calves was 7.9%. This figure was significantly higher in cases where calving assistance was required (19.1% v. 5.6%, P < 0.001) and in twin births (18.5% v. 7.0%, P < 0.05), and was lower in pluriparous v. primiparous dams (5.6% v. 12.1%, P < 0.01). On average, 6.8% of heifers died or were culled between 1 day and 6 months of age. Low BW at 1 month was associated with reduced subsequent survival up to 6 months. Between 6 months and first calving, a further 7.7% of heifers either died (42%) or were culled (58%); accidents and infectious disease accounted for the majority of calf deaths between 6 and 15 months, whereas infertility (16/450 animals served, 3.5%) was the main reason for culling following the start of the first breeding period. In total, 11 heifers (2.2%) were culled as freemartins; eight at birth and three around service. Overall, 14.5% of liveborn potential replacement heifers died or were culled before first calving.
The objective of the study was to estimate genetic trends from 1977 to 1998 in the French Large White (LW) breed for stillbirth and associated traits measured at farrowing using frozen semen. Two groups of pigs (G77 and G98) were obtained by inseminating LW sows with semen from LW boars born either in 1977 or in 1998. A second generation was produced by inter se mating in each group. Farrowing was thoroughly supervised through both direct observations and video recording all long farrowing on a total of 137 first- and second-parity litters produced by sows from this second generation (68 G77 and 69 G98 litters, respectively). Measurements included birth time, weight and birth characteristics (including orientation, presence of cyanosis or oedema, membrane obstruction, umbilical cord length/content) of each piglet, as well as sow traits (weight and backfat thickness, farrowing duration, litter size and within-litter variation of weights at birth). The data were analysed using linear or generalised linear mixed models, according to the definition of the trait (continuous or binary data). The importance of several effects to piglet probability of stillbirth was then quantified by computing the reduction of variance associated with the addition of each effect in the model. Litter size did not significantly differ in first parity, but was higher in G98 second-parity sows: the differences for global (including pre partum dead piglets) and total numbers of piglets born per litter were +2.3 ± 1.1 and +1.3 ± 0.6, respectively. G98 sows also had a higher number of stillbirths in both parities (+0.7 ± 0.3 stillborn per litter). Piglets from G98 litters were heavier at birth (+130 ± 40 g for birth weight adjusted for litter size), without any increase in within-litter heterogeneity of birth weight. No significant difference was detected between G77 and G88 groups for farrowing length and the distribution of time interval between piglet births. G98 stillborn piglets had longer and more often empty umbilical cords at birth. G98 piglets born alive also had more often umbilical nodes than G77 piglets. These characteristics were considered as indicators of increased farrowing difficulties and risk of hypoxia at birth in G98 pigs. Time of birth of each piglet, sow fatness at farrowing and time of first placenta expulsion were the main factors of variation of the piglet's probability of stillbirth.
An experimental design aiming at analysing the consequences of genetic selection from 1977 to 1998-2000 on the evolution of stress-responsive systems in the French Large White (LW) and Landrace (LR) pig populations was conducted by INRA and IFIP-Institut du Porc. Large White sows were inseminated with semen from LW boars born in 1977 (frozen semen) or in 1998 and their second-generation offspring were station-tested. Landrace sows were inseminated with semen from LR boars born in 1977 (frozen semen) or in 1999 to 2000, and their progeny was station-tested. Urinary concentration of stress hormones (cortisol and catecholamines) and traits related to carcass composition (estimated carcass lean content (ECLC) and global adiposity) and meat quality (pH 24 h) were measured. For the two populations, selection carried out since 1977 led to an increase in ECLC and a decrease in carcass adiposity. Between 1977 and 1998 to 2000, urinary concentrations of stress hormones were unchanged in the LR breed, but were decreased in the LW breed. Moreover, for the animals generated from LW boars born in 1977 and in 1998, urinary cortisol levels were negatively correlated with ECLC. Therefore, in the LW breed, selection carried out for higher ECLC resulted in a decrease in cortisol production, as well as a reduction of catecholamine production that may be responsible for the lower ultimate pH of meat. Therefore, selection carried out for increased carcass lean content led, in this breed, to large modifications in the functioning of the stress-responsive systems, thereby influencing a large range of physiological regulations and technical properties such as carcass composition and meat pH, which remained however in the normal range for acceptable meat quality.
Genetic trends for body composition and blood plasma parameters of newborn piglets were estimated through the comparison of two groups of pigs (G77 and G98, respectively) produced by inseminating Large White (LW) sows with semen from LW boars born either in 1977 or in 1998. Random samples of 18 G77 and 19 G98 newborn piglets were used for whole carcass and tissue sampling. Plasma concentrations of glucose, albumin and IGF-1 were determined on 75 G77 and 90 G98 piglets from 18 litters. The G98 piglets had less carcass dry matter, protein and energy (P < 0.01) than their G77 counterparts. When expressed in g/kg birth weight, livers were lighter (P < 0.001) and contained less glycogen (P < 0.01) in G98 piglets, with no difference in the activity of the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase between G98 and G77 piglets. Concentrations of protein, DNA, RNA in longissimus dorsi muscle were unaffected by selection. Plasma concentrations of glucose (P < 0.05) and IGF-1 (P < 0.01) were lower in G98 than in G77 piglets. On the whole, the results suggest that the improvement in lean growth rate and in sow prolificacy from 1977 to 1998 has resulted in a lower maturity of piglets at birth.
The development of analytical methods to verify the production system of meat products requires the identification of biomarkers that can trace the product's origin, and secondly the factors that govern the deposition of these markers in animal tissue need to be defined. In this study, 2,3-octanedione, skatole and terpenes were selected as biomarkers, and their deposition was investigated in bull calves reared under three different strategies. All of the animals were reared indoors until approximately 150 days of age. They were suckled twice a day by their mothers, and both calves and cows had free access to cocksfoot hay. Then the first two groups of animals were kept indoors, suckled by their mothers twice a day and received either cocksfoot hay (HL) or freshly cut-green herbage (GL) and a limited quantity of concentrate. The third group of calves (PH) was kept on pasture with their mothers and offered concentrate ad libitum. The pasture supporting the PH animals was highly diversified, containing several terpene-rich plant species, whereas the herbage for the GL animals contained no species known to be aromatic. Perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues were analysed for volatile compounds. The perirenal fat was found to be more responsive to the treatment and a more reliable substrate than the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Higher levels of 2,3-octanedione (P < 0.05) were found in PH and GL than in HL fat (6.56, 6.51 and 5.77 area arbitrary units, respectively, in perirenal fat), confirming the ability of this molecule to trace green herbage feeding. Skatole was detected in the perirenal and subcutaneous fat of all the animals. Animals receiving high concentrate level (PH group) presented lower (P < 0.05) skatole values (5.83 area arbitrary units in perirenal fat) than animals receiving low concentrate level (HL and GL groups, 6.23 and 6.71 area arbitrary units, respectively, in perirenal fat). Terpenoids, and especially sesquiterpenes, were found at higher levels and diversities in the PH than in the GL and HL animals. Two monoterpenoids allowed group discrimination considering perirenal or subcutaneous fat without distinction, whereas 11 and 5 sesquiterpenoids from perirenal and subcutaneous fat, respectively, allowed it.


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We went to Miami to celebrate my birthday and it was the best bday trip ever! The hotel is beautiful but pricey. It has two of the best clubs to get into. But you better have some connection otherwise you will wait in a line to get in. Fortunately we had a connection and got in immediately :) The food was great and the people were friendly. Our waiter Ugis at Vida Restaurant was the best and very atttentive. Thanks for the cortaditos!
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- A spectacular blend of Golden Era glamour and modern luxury, Fontainebleau today reinvents the original vision of legendary architect Morris Lapidus – a stage where everyone plays their unique part. At Fontainebleau, striking design, contemporary art, music, fashion and technology merge into a vibrant new kind of guest experience. We invite you to enter a world where you are free to play, shop, dine, spa, meet or simply relax – however you define your perfect day. Express yourself in an environment that surrounds you with every kind of pleasure and invites every sort of adventure. Following a $1 billion renovation, the 22-acre oceanfront hotel features signature restaurants by award-winning chefs; two chic nightlife venues; a two-story, 40,000-square-foot spa, expansive poolscape, a pristine Atlantic Ocean beach and state-of-the-art conference and event facilities. A landmark since its debut in 1954, Fontainebleau has been restored and transformed by a team of renowned architects and designers to create the most dynamic destination resort on the eastern seaboard. ... more less
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- Fontainebleau Hotel Miami Beach
- Fontainebleau Resort Miami Beach

domain: artistic


Brittany is a graduate student at the Ohio State University studying City and Regional Planning, also her Alma Mater. Brittany has worked on a wide-array of planning and design projects, including a regional sustainability plan for the Mississippi Gulf Coast, and the Plan for Opportunity. Brittany was involved in many of the plan components and was responsible for designing and laying out the plan documents in InDesign. In December of 2013, the Plan for Opportunity was submitted to HUD as a part of a Sustainable Communities Grant that funded the plan. Brittany then developed the Plan for Opportunity as an iBook, becoming perhaps the first ever iPlan. The plan was submitted to HUD and was then approved in February 2014.