text:
Theodore Roosevelt National Park Proposal To Remove Domestic Cattle and Feral Horses Runs Into Opposition
The wild beauty of the Little Missouri badlands within Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. Photo George Wuerthner
Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) has proposed eliminating feral horses and domestic livestock from the Park. Unlike the fiasco at Point Reyes National Seashore, where the NPS appears to support maintaining domestic livestock within the park unit, the staff at TRNP recommends reducing the number of domestic animals to zero. Management of feral horses and domestic cattle across the West has been contentious for decades.
TRNP has a small herd of domestic cattle which it plans to eliminate. Photo George Wuerthner
Opposition to the proposal comes from the Governor Burgum of North Dakota, the state legislature, and the United Tribes of North Dakota. Burgum, speaking on behalf of the hospitality industry, suggests that horses and cattle are a draw for tourists and are part of the ranching “heritage” of the state.
The state legislature is also considering a resolution that would oppose the removal of livestock from the Park. But, of course, this would only be advisory since federal authority trumps state laws.
The United Tribes of North Dakota consider feral horses as “sacred” and oppose their removal from TRNP. Photo George Wuerthner
The tribes, for their part, argue that horses are “sacred” and part of their cultural heritage.
New genetic testing demonstrates that the horses in TRNP underwent genetic bottlenecks and founder effects, but are related to the domestic horses of Europe and Asia, which supports the historical evidence they are the result of European introduction.
Although the Park described the horses for decades as “wild horses” or “feral horses,” park officials recently classified them as livestock and maintain they have “no basis” to keep livestock in the Park under laws and regulations.
Park officials, including Angie Richman, the park superintendent, have said the Park’s enabling legislation and other federal laws don’t allow them to keep livestock in the Park. The Park’s mission, Richman has said, is to preserve native species and ecosystems.
TRNP’s mission is to manage for prevation of natural values and biodivesity. Tiger swallowtail on thistle Theodore Roosevelt NP ND. Photo George Wuerthner
The cattle management within the Park relies on a 1970s plan, while the feral horse plan was adopted in 1978. The 1978 plan called for 35-60 horses. Today there are more than 200, well above the original plan.
The Park has tried to limit the number of horses through periodic roundups and even birth control. But the horses, say the NPS, are “efficient breeders.”
The NPS says that based on new science, and ecological insights, the removal of horses and domestic cattle should be the priority of park management.
A new cattle borne disease poses a risk to the park bison herd. Photo George Wuerthner
A further issue is that TRNP is home to bison, and in 2022 a bacterial disease of cattle, Mycoplasma bovis, was discovered in the Park. Mycoplasma bovis poses a threat to the Park’s bison.
Three preliminary alternatives are under consideration by the NPS. Alternative A (No Action Alternative: continued herd management under the 1978 EA and 1970 Management Plan), Alternative B (Action Alternative: expedited reduction of herds to no livestock), and Alternative C (Proposed Action Alternative: phased reduction of herds to no livestock).
Bison at Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Photo George Wuerthner
The expedited alternative would eliminate all horses and cattle within two years. Part of the reason for the quick removal of livestock is the risk of disease transfer they pose to the park’s bison herds.
However, since releasing a plan draft, feral horse and cattle advocates have rallied to flood the NPS with letters denouncing the move.
HISTORY OF THEODORE ROOVELT NATIONAL PARK
Teddy Roosvelt cabin Theodore Roosevelt NP ND. Photo George Wuerthner
Theodore Roosevelt first came to ranch among the beautiful badlands along the Little Missouri River in North Dakota in 1884 after his mother died from typhoid fever and within hours his wife, Alice, also died from kidney disease.
Roosevelt was distraught; some say, he went west seeking solace over the loss of his family.
Prairie flowers in Theordore Roosevelt National Park. Photo George Wuerthner
He established two ranches—the Maltese Cross Ranch near Medora and the Elkhorn some 35 miles north of Medora. After the devastating winter of 1886-87 that killed tens of thousands of cattle on the northern plains, Roosevelt decided to get out of the ranching business and focus on politics. He sold his last interests in the Elkhorn Ranch in 1898.
Theodore Roosevelt National Park was first proposed in 1919 shortly after TR died to honor the former President. However, it went nowhere until Franklin Roosevelt proposed in 1942 to add the area to the national park system.
In 1945 North Dakota Congressman William Lemke introduced a bill for a Little Missouri Badlands. But, unfortunately, it failed to get President Truman’s signature. So Lemke tried again in 1947 and got a Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park managed mainly as a historical site.
Feral horses were present when the memorial Park was established in 1947.
The NPS mission is to preserve the natural environment. Little Missouri River, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND. Photo George Wuerthner
In 1978, the area was upgraded to full national park status, and the NPS began to manage the site more for its natural values. The presence of exotic feral horses has never met the overriding principle of managing native species.
DO FERAL HORSES BELONG IN A NATIONAL PARK?
National Park Historian Robert Utley suggested that the horses have historical value and may be descendants of horses once bred by Sitting Bull and other native people.
A feral horse grazes in the Pryor Mountains of Montana. Photo George Wuerthner
Of course, all horses are descendants of domestic livestock, whether ridden by Roosevelt or Sitting Bull.
Feral horses are found on other national park units, such as Assateague Island National Seashore. And domestic cattle and horses are currently the subject of a controversial plan to maintain private farms within Point Reyes National Park. In addition, there are about 300,000 feral horses on the Bureau of Land Management and National Forest lands and state, private and tribal lands across the West.
Many scientists believe feral horses pose a threat to native ecosystem, plants and wildlife. However, feral horse advocates believe that domestic livestock pose a greater threat to the West’s ecosystems.
However, the national park service has a different mandate than these other federal land management agencies. As noted by the TRNP Superintendent, the Park Service’s mission is to preserve native species and ecosystems.
FERAL HORSES RELICTS OF SPANISH COLONIZATION
The cultural appropriation of the horse by Native Americans provided greater mobility, leading to more warfare, and the adoption of the bison hunting culture of the Great Plains. Photo George Wuerthner
Horses are not native to North America and were introduced by the Spanish in 1519. Cultural appropriation by the tribes began in the 1600s. Horses reached tribes in the northern plains by 1750-1780, setting the era of mobile bison hunting tradition in motion. The adoption of the horse by Native Americans had both positive and negative influences for them. It also had severe consequences for bison herds, and tribal hunting for the hide trade may have contributed to the demise of the once vast bison herds.
Map showing the movement of horses northward from the Southwest, reaching the area around TRNP about 1750.
This debate gets to the heart of the matter. Do we need to “preserve” domestic animals in our national parks?
Approximately 300,000 feral horses roam the West, do we need to have them in our national parks as well? Photo George Wuerthner
Given that there are hundreds of thousands of feral horses, not to mention about 95 million domestic cattle in the United States, there is no need to keep either cattle or horses in any national park unit.
Kids view on prairie dog town Theodore Roosevelt NP ND. The NPS goal is to preserve native wildlife like bison and prairie dogs. Photo George Wuerthner
I commend Superintendent Richman and the TRNP staff for having the courage to recommend removal of domestic animals from the park.
However, with the pressure exerted on the TRNP from North Dakota politicians, wild horse advocates, and the United Tribes of North Dakota who suggest feral horses are “sacred” animals, I suspect the NPS will bow to the political influence.
TRNP livestock management plan will be open for public comment later this spring and summer when it comes out with a finalized proposal.
George Wuerthner is an ecologist and former hunting guide with a degree in wildlife biology
57 Responses to Theodore Roosevelt National Park Proposal To Remove Domestic Cattle and Feral Horses Runs Into Opposition
Subscribe to Blog via EmailJoin 973 other subscribers
- The Logging Juggernaut June 6, 2023
- New Bison Video From Yellowstone Voices June 5, 2023
- We Lost Jim Bailey–Wild Bison Advocate. May 31, 2023
- Wildfire And California Home Insurance Challenges May 27, 2023
- Grizzlies Get A Win On Upper Green May 26, 2023
- Ida Lupine on New Bison Video From Yellowstone Voices
- Jeff on The Logging Juggernaut
- Charles Fox on The Logging Juggernaut
- Maximilian Werner on New Bison Video From Yellowstone Voices
- Diane Martin-Brodak on New Bison Video From Yellowstone Voices
- Steve Kohlmann on We Lost Jim Bailey–Wild Bison Advocate.
- Ida Lupine on We Lost Jim Bailey–Wild Bison Advocate.
- Kevin Bixby on We Lost Jim Bailey–Wild Bison Advocate.
- Lyn McCormick on We Lost Jim Bailey–Wild Bison Advocate.
- Jannett Heckert on We Lost Jim Bailey–Wild Bison Advocate.
- Rick Meis on We Lost Jim Bailey–Wild Bison Advocate.
- Ida Lupine on Save Our Sequoias Act–A Stealth Attack On NEPA, ESA and Our Sequoia Groves
- Mary on Save Our Sequoias Act–A Stealth Attack On NEPA, ESA and Our Sequoia Groves
- Rambling Dave on Wildfire And California Home Insurance Challenges
- Ida Lupine on Wildfire And California Home Insurance Challenges
I am far from a feral horse advocate, but let’s be candid, horses evolved in North America and were part of the great diversity of large mammals when modern man strode upright into the New World and wreaked havoc on them some 14,000 years ago. Seventy percent of large mammals extant at the time became extinct including several species of horse. Most, it is believed, at the hand of man. It is true that Spaniards reintroduced horses to North America in the 1600’s, but horses were present for at least 500,000 years before man eliminated them. The Wild Horse and Burro Act is a serious farce and obstacle to good public land management and should be repealed.
I love George’s work and it’s usually spot on. But as Jerry points out above, horses evolved in North America, despite George’s claim to the contrary.
It is not known, as far as I can discover, whether horses were native to the ecosystem in question here. It was previously thought that the only horses that were native here were small ones, but the remains of a large horse was recently found. So calling horses “exotic” has no basis.
George also makes the point that all feral horses in the U.S. are descendants of domestic horses. This of course is true, because the humans who came across the land bridge killed all the native horses, so the feral ones in North America descended from domestic ones brought here by Europeans. But so what? The California condors that now exist in the wild were bred in zoos. Wolves bred in captivity are released into the wild in order to reintroduce them. Etc. If horses were native to an ecosystem, it doesn’t matter whether they descended from wild or domesticated horses; they’re a natural part of the ecosystem, and that’s all that matters.
Finally, there’s a huge difference between horses and cattle. Horses are naturally evolved animals, but cattle were bred into existence by humans. Therefore, cattle are not native to anywhere and do great harm wherever they are. Horses on the other hand may be native, and where they are, they fit right in with the ecosystem and don’t do any harm.
If it was actually humans that killed all the horses in the Americas why didn’t they kill all the horses where they came from first? The horses that are here now are not the same animal as the original American horse or the original American lion, camel or cheetah, etc. Per head horses are harder on the land than cattle for several reasons. They have both upper and lower teeth so can graze closer to the ground. They have less efficient digestive systems so need more pounds of forage per pound of horse than cattle do. Lastly under current management horses are out there eating away 24-7-365 whereas most managed livestock are taken off the range for parts of the year. If a truly native American horse is found hiding in some remote canyon I will support them being listed under the ESA. Condors have not been domesticated and captive bred wolves have not been used to re-introduce wolves in N. America. To be clear I want ALL livestock, both managed and feral, to be eliminated or at least greatly reduced on our fragile arid public lands in favor of native species and ecosystem health and recovery.
OK, we agree on cattle, though I won’t compromise. I want all cattle off all public lands, no exceptions. Eventually, I want all cattle removed from the planet. These unnatural animals are nothing but a scourge, and the ecological destruction caused by their grazing alone is right up there with destruction from awful things like logging and mining. Now for horses.
Full disclosure, I AM biased on this issue because I’ve had horses and I love them dearly. But that said, the Earth and its native ecosystems, habitats, and wildlife should always come first. Now I’ll address your comments.
“If it was actually humans that killed all the horses in the Americas why didn’t they kill all the horses where they came from first?” Humans kill everything when they move to new areas. Humans didn’t cause native wildlife to become extinct when we were confined to Africa, but once humans started leaving 60-90,000 years ago, they caused extinctions wherever they went. Same with the humans who came across the land bridge. Furthermore, horses evolved here, not in Asia, and walked across the land bridge in the opposite direction that humans did. Ultimately, you’re saying that you don’t acknowledge that humans who came to North America across the land bridge caused horses to become extinct. That only leaves coincidence as the reason that they and other animals became extinct when humans arrived, and that’s ridiculous.
“The horses that are here now are not the same animal as the original American horse …” The remains of a large horse, the same species as modern horses, was recently found, I believe in the Yukon (read this weeks ago, don’t remember). Those remains predate humans here. Scientists are still learning about which horse species existed when humans got here and where they lived. It wasn’t that long ago that they thought that horses evolved in the Steppes in Russia, only to later learn that they evolved in North America.
“Per head horses are harder on the land than cattle …” Irrelevant. If they were native, who cares? The only issues are whether they’re native to an ecosystem and, if so, are their native predators still present and, if not, can we take substitute other native predators or do we have to manage their populations by culling them.
“Condors have not been domesticated and captive bred wolves have not been used to re-introduce wolves in N. America.” Don’t know exactly what you mean by this. The condors released in California came from the San Diego Zoo’s breeding program, where they captured the last wild condors, bred them in zoos, and released them into their native habitats. I’ve seen videos of people raising wolves in captivity for release into the wild. Either I’m misinterpreting what you mean or you’re dead wrong.
Whose gonna eat all that non-native ‘cheat’ grass if not for the horses? I understand they do, and that’ll help prevent fires? All of these human mistakes would be comical if they didn’t have such tragic consequences.
I do remember reading about the horse in the Yukon.
Ted, please read the 1971 Wild Horse Act and as reintroduced species would be Bison, elk and pronghorn even the Big Sheep Sheep from CA are reintroduced species from Canada.
Jeff, you are making many good points here. Just one correction: there is no evidence of the native horses being killed off by early humans.
The current thinking is considering
climactic changes as at least partly responsible for the disappearance of the horses, as well as other notable creatures, from the North American continent. And current fossil evidence isn’t sufficient to determine when horses disappeared… We will all have to stay tuned for more fossil discoveries, more data, more hypothesizing to see the mystery unfold. It is all entwined with early human history, and we hope for more fossil evidence on that too! this is the exciting part!
Those arguing against the new management plan are tacitly arguing against the original mandate of the National Parks. If they wish for anyone to assess their position, the opposers might sharpen their expressed reasons by examining the arguments underpinning the mandate.
I visit the park annually. Horses should stay because of historical significance to area and because I like them. I think we should remove the NPS from the park. Give the park to ND park service
“Horses don’t do any harm..” Hardly! Anyone that has spent any time at all on BLM land “managed” for designated wild horse herds would beg to disagree. Yes, 10,000 years ago horses were part of the environment…along with dire wolves and sabre tooth cats. It is a different environment today. George is right…there is not place for these cattle and horses in a national park.
The idea that BLM has actually “managed” the herds – other than using their HMAs for cattle grazing allotments with many times the number of cows as Wild Horses, is just a bit silly. The BLM’s & FS roundups & warehousing of wild horses appears to be the limit of their “management”. Like most wild animals, the horses originally migrated from one area to another – confining them to one particular “pasture” results in exactly the same damage as any domestic animal in a pasture.
The feds are hamstrung by the Wild Horse and Burro Act that sanctified feral horses and prevents them from killing outright or having hunting seasons to keep their numbers down. All they can do is round them up an either house them at Federal expense or adopt them out. Even then, those who adopt feral horses have to care for them.
The WH&BA is a huge part of the problem and should be repealed or changed to allow for outright control measures.
Agreed re: the WH&BA however even that misguided legislation does allow for lethal control of horse populations when justified. Horses were domesticated for meat, milk and transportation. It is only with affluence they became a pet species.
If you support rewilding, then you support restoration of ALL native species, including ones that humans caused to become extinct in the wild or extirpated.
The way the ecosystems changed because of human-caused extinctions is not natural or good, and those ecosystems should be restored to their pre-human condition to the extent possible. Cattle and domestic sheep are the problems, and feral horses are only problems if they’re in ecosystems where they didn’t evolve and or if their native predators are not present. If the latter is the case, restore those too!
Hard to restore dire wolves and the several sabre tooth cats that coevolved with Americas’ horses prior to human invasion in the Pliestocene.
There are other native predators that could substitute, like wolves and mountain lions. I agree that without natural predation to maintain ecological balance, horses would need to be culled, as much as I’m personally repulsed by the thought of that. But how about restoring wolves and mountain lions first and see how that works instead of just attacking horses?
There are plenty of montain lions and some wolves in many existing HMAs. Horses are not a prey of choice unless it is an isolated juvenile. A horse is dangerous prey to existing predators and they generally leave them alone. Juveniles are protected by the herds and only occasionally end up as prey.
Thank you for finally calling the horses on our public lands what they actually are…”feral”, not wild. They are non-native and use resources that genetically wild animals need. If there are tribes who want them and who honor them that’s a different issue and needs to be respected. Otherwise, they need to be removed by whatever humane means necessary.
Over the last decade, some environmental organizations like WWP have closely aligned themselves with horse advocates, “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” GW doesn’t address this political reality.
I never understood this arrangement if ecological goals are paramount.
Curious where WWP stands today. Not only for TRNP, but for all federal public lands.
So, where does WWP stand on TRNP? NPS sites and designated Wilderness anywhere?
“Western Watersheds Project has long-advocated for the reduction and cessation of public lands livestock grazing to benefit ecological function and wildlife. WWP has no formal position on the origin of free-roaming horses, but supports science-based management of public lands and prioritize some threats more than others. Some of our members love wild horses and want to see them flourish, while others are opposed to them and consider them a pest. But all of our members agree that we want public lands to be restored to landscapes replete with native vegetation, native wildlife and healthy streams and rivers, as set forth in our mission.”
WWP’s alliance with feral horse advocates defies logic and science.
A mule, as everyone knows is a hybred between a horse and a donkey. What many don’t know is that an uncastrated John (male) mule is a viscious animal that will dominate any horse stallion. BUT, a mule is naturally sterile. However, it doesn’t know that and will aggressively prevent any other stallion from breeding wild mares. I have often wondered if stud mules were introduced into wild horse herds if this would result in the eventual control of horse reproduction. It would seem a lot more effective and cheaper than darting the mares with Depoprovera every year.
Humans shouldn’t be messing with stuff like that. That mentality is the root cause of all of our ecological problems. Bad enough that mules exist to begin with. Animals that were bred by humans instead of evolving naturally should be exterminated, they’re a blight on the Earth.
So, Jeff, you advocate for the extermination of every domestic dog, cat, chicken, pig, goat, sheep, llama, emu, turkey, horse, pony, Indian elephant, etc?. I think that is a bit extreme. What about plants…wheat, rye, rice, peanuts, soy, sorghum, corn, potatoes?? What calories support you??
Plants are not animals, so I’ll skip that portion, except to say that it was wrong of humans to breed varieties or species of plants into existence, though I have no thoughts currently on what should be done about that now. The use of agriculture opened a Pandora’s box of problems, and some or even many of them will not be able to be fixed.
I think some those animals should be exterminated. The ones that were bred by humans instead of evolving naturally are a blight on the Earth, and I don’t care whether humans like them. I advocate for the Earth and all the life here, not for humans.
But that said, some of the animals you mentioned DID evolve naturally, starting with horses and cats. Those animals, while changed slightly and superficially, are still basically the same as the animals from which they evolved. Animals like cattle and dogs, on the other hand, are hideous monstrosities compared to the animals from which they were bred, have no ecological niche, and are therefore very ecologically harmful. For example, I worked on removing dogs from an urban National Park system where I live, and the list of dogs chasing, harassing, and killing wildlife was so long that I had to list those harms in categories instead of individually.
That’s a very interesting idea for controlling feral horse populations. I would like to see it tried on an experimental basis. I don’t know how many “johns” you would need to put out there to be effective.
One per herd.
Give it a try? I’m for any kind of nonviolent, humane suggestion. I’ve seen some of the stuff that goes on and it isn’t pretty, and is beneath people.
The contention that humans were the primary cause of the extirpation of North American horses is speculative and not supported by very much empirical documentation. It is more likely that the cause was climate change and other environmental factors, perhaps along with human exploitation.
So, there is not a strong scientific basis for the maintenance of horses in TRNP under the assumption they are a restored “native” species. I think the NPS has it right here.
Why is it more likely that horses became extinct in North America because of “climate change and other environmental factors”? I’d say it’s just the opposite: it’s far more likely that humans drove them extinct, because they became extinct when humans arrived.
I do not agree with you George. First when you say 300,000 you should break that down. In the ten western states most of the wild horses are in holding pens 60,000 – 70,000 by the BLM. There has never been a accurate count of wild horse left in the 10 western state, only fly over guesstimates. Cattle are pushing out wildlife and wild horses. I vote to keep wild horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Maybe the are not native to North America but they have been on our continent since the 1600 and are native since to the Badlands before it became a National Park. So to me they are native to the Badlands. Bison can get diseases like Brucellosis, horses don’t get Brucellosis. Bison are dangerous and will charge visitors, wild horses don’t. These horses have been part of the land scape and people love seeing the herds. All wildlife in TRNP should stay. Pretty soon, if the Department of Interior has it way that will be the only place you will find wild mustangs.
Strange how NOW the NPS wants to “protect” bison from cattle – where near Yellowstone its the cattle that have to be protected from the bison! There has never been a case of brucellosis transmitted from bison to cattle & yet due to the current “rules” bison are not allowed to migrate out of Yellowstone – well, not without being slaughtered by hunters.
Then there is the blame put onto Wild Horses for range destruction – somehow it never comes up that the horses are far outnumbered by cattle. There are only a few HMAs that dont have grazing allotments.
This is a very hard issue, because it tugs at the heartstrings of those of us who love horses. The Earth and its native ecosystems and species must come first, but I’m not convinced that horses aren’t native here nor that they’re doing any substantial damage. Let’s get rid of all the damn cattle and domestic sheep first, then we can see if wild horses are harming anything.
This article by GW has raised a lot of interest. The remarks and arguments have been all over the place: political, biological, ecological, personal etc.
Let’s be clear: We cannot rewind 15000 years and recreate the ecology, with many of its variations, in North America no matter how much we would like to see it in all its diversity and glory. What was left of large Wild mammals after man wreaked his havoc was deer, elk, moose, bison, caribou, bighorn sheep, mountain goat, pronghorn, black bear, grizzly bear, mountain lion, wolf, and a variety of smaller predators and prey species. The 70 percent of large mammals that went away were huge slow moving beasts that were preyed upon by man and awful predators like dire wolves, similion tigers, cave bears, American cheetahs etc. Hoping to reincarnate ground sloths, mammoths, horses, archaic bison, camels etc. to mimic the pre-historic ecological conditions is a pipe dream. Man has changed everything and is totally in charge.
A horse is a horse is a horse is an oxymoron. The Wild Horse herds of today are rodeo and race track stock, hardly the same as the original North American zebra. Let’s not pretend otherwise even though our romantic tendencies are tugging at our heart strings.
Alley cats are not mountain lions, dachshunds are not wolves and Angus cattle are not bison.
Western ranchers hate feral horses because they compete with cattle for forage on public land. I dislike feral horses and other domestic livestock on public land because they are out of sync in semi-arid ecosystems and take up space and natural resources vital to native wildlife. That is a fact. We the people, the rightful owners of the public domain, should be outraged that private resources of a very few are used to profit from and degrade our public resources.
Domestic livestock are valuable resources on their own but should be raised accordingly: cattle in private feedlots and horses in private pastures.
The place to start with the horse problem is to either repeal the Wild Horse and Burro Act or ammendment it to allow the BLM and USFS to rid or greatly reduce the number of feral horses on public land by the most efficient means. The cattle problem is separate and should be handled through the Eminent Domain process. The public and good resource stewardship deserves nothing less.
Are you saying that you don’t support rewilding? Please respond, then I’ll respond to your comments.
Rewilding as a concept is laudable, especially regarding interconnecting refugia across North America and working with all political and scientific entities to make it happen to the fullest extent possible. In other words, conserving existing habitat and rehabbing public lands to accommodate the requirements of native wildlife to thrive is a very worthy goal. It’s all about habitat.
But, that has little to do with feral horses as part of the scheme. Playing make believe with rodeo ponies is not prudent. We would do more good with carousel horses.
OK, just needed to know where you stand on rewilding in order to respond properly.
As to rewinding history, of course we can’t. But that’s not the idea here. The idea is to RESTORE, to the greatest extent possible, all the native life in at least some ecosystems (I would hope eventually ALL, but that’s a very long-term goal). It’s undeniable that humans caused major destruction when they first came to the Americas — though that was nothing compared to what the European colonists caused — and caused extinctions of many megafauna. That doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t try to restore the lost megafauna to the extent possible. I fully understand your ecological argument that individual species are parts of the whole and work together, so that the lack of natural predators of horses while maintaining the horses would cause horses to overpopulate. But as I said to Jim Hammett, other currently existing native predators could be used as substitutes. If that’s not feasible, as Jim claims, then humans could sterilize some of the horses occasionally to prevent overpopulation. I see no reason to refrain from restoring ALL native species as possible unless, as you point out, doing so would cause more harm than good. And BTW, horses are not slow; they can run twice as fast as the fastest humans, as can most large four-legged animals.
You have your facts wrong regarding which species of horses existed before humans got to North America. See my response to Ted Chu above. And I never said “a horse is a horse,” nor is that an oxymoron. In the context of your position on this, it’s just a false statement. An oxymoron creates a self-contradiction, and there is none here, it’s just a false statement.
“I dislike feral horses and other domestic livestock on public land because they are out of sync in semi-arid ecosystems and take up space and natural resources vital to native wildlife.” How could they possibly be “out of sync” if they evolved in those ecosystems? Horses evolved in western North America.
Overall, I strongly disagree with this hatred of horses. There are exponentially more cattle and more domestic sheep grazing public lands than there are horses. Horses are naturally-evolved animals — yes, I understand that they’ve been domesticated, but there’s little if any significant difference between most domesticate horses and the original wild ones — while cattle and domestic sheep are not. Why not focus on the real problems here, which are mainly cattle and secondarily domestic sheep? If after removing those harms, horses are also causing harm, then we can deal with that.
No one hates horses, we just hate what they can do to vegetation if numbers get high.
I don’t think anyone really knows if today’s horses are similar to those extirpated 10K years ago. Humans can accelerate natural evolution, and undoubtedly have — physically, and behaviorally — it is probable that today’s horses are very different from those that existed before reintroduction.
While we’d all like to see all domestic livestock off public lands — that is appearing more and more like a pipe-dream (remember “cattle-free by 93?” I do). What seems doable is to insist that the vegetation meets BLM’s standards. The majority of allotments don’t even come close. That might be a reasonable goal.
We basically agree then. One statement with which I disagree is that humans can accelerate natural evolution. That’s provably false. Everything that humans do is unnatural by definition, except for maybe hunter-gatherers. Humans have DISRUPTED natural evolution by causing extinctions and destroying habitats & ecosystems.
I am not a horse hater by any stretch. My issue with feral horses is both ecological and political. I have seen the damage first hand caused by feral horses. The land would be in better shape all around without them. There are no natural checks except lack of food or water and that is a lose-lose from any perspective. The second problem is tied directly to the first. The terrible emotionally driven Wild Horse and Burro Act, that prevents reasonable efforts to prevent the first,is ecologically irrational. Domestic cattle compound the problem for sure, but that fix requires a different approach.
Your assertion that feral horses today are the same species as roamed thousands of years ago, and therefore benign occupants of the environment, is still subject to further study. All domestic animals came from wild stock. Today, there are 190+ breeds of domestic dog, 280+ breeds of domestic cow, 60+ breeds of domestic horse, 50+ breeds of domestic sheep, 45+ breeds of domestic cat and 50+ breeds of domestic pig. All of these descended from wild animals and all have DNA similar to the foundation stock. As I said before, a dashaund is not a wolf.
If what you say about the horse is true, there are millions upon millions of eligible transplant candidates around the world just waiting to return to their original evolutionary roots in western North America.
This is my last post on this subject.
I don’t know, just because we’ve meddled with genetics doesn’t make them not related to their wild ancestors.
It’s a problem that we have created, as usual, and to take the simplest, most cruel solution instead of something just to address it, to just trash everything we no longer need, inanimate or living, is all kinds of immoral in my opinion.
We’d never do that to ourselves, of course, with our overpopulated multitudes. Conveniently, we’re exempt!
I see what you are saying and I agree. Humans do get carried away with their grandiose schemes, don’t they. I was reading about plans to bring back wooly mammoths! We’d do well to concentrate on saving the rhinos, right whales and other wildlife on the verge of extinction, and rewilding to the extent possible.
I would never support the repeal of the Wild Horses and Burros Act though. I feel it is callous and cruel, what this man in ND is suggesting. I’m thankful I gave up eating beef years ago, never did like it much, and will never buy it again. Not only does it allow for destruction of land and wildlife, but it is terribly cruel to the cattle themselves.
Gosh that’s spoken like a genuine cattle or sheep rancher!
I can’t bear it, I truly can’t.
Leave these horses alone! While I agree that rewilding to the extent possible is laudable goal, we will never, ever be able to bring back entirely what was destroyed. Because namely, we are here, and certain non-native plants and animals will never be removed because we need/want them. To pick on horses is cruel and unethical, but what else is new with humans, I suppose.
We owe a great debt to horses, we simply cannot use them and then kill them when they are no longer useful. Even when we try to help, we destroy.
And horses are emblematic to our country now, and the American West. I feel it is terribly cruel and inhumane to treat them the way we do.
I think whales and marine life are the next to go, with all the rushed plans for millions of acres of offshore wind. How do we justify destroying other living creatures? I’m at a loss to understand. It makes me sick.
The ungulates are doing exactly what they’re supposed to do: utilize available resources to produce a modest surplus of themselves year on year.
It seems that what’s missing from this biological equation is carnivores, and I don’t mean humans. Some level of predation could balance the situation here as it does in many other places, in fact globally if humans haven’t made that impossible by killing the carnivores.
Domestication, or enslavement, as I prefer to call it because I think that’s more accurate, shouldn’t necessarily preclude any species or individual from basic consideration. Let’s not forget that humans basically domesticated themselves, and we certainly want to be considered.
It’s hard being alive and having to suffer and die and watch the world be killed by humans. I’ve seen too much not to be an anti-natalist.
Yes! Great post. We think we can take the place of/improve upon nature, with disastrous results.
The issue is whether the ungulates in question, in this instance horses, are native. If so, then the issue you raised about their native predators becomes the next issues.
The problem is that humans, both Natives and colonizers, have harmed these ecosystems and their native species so much that it takes a lot of work, research, and knowledge to try to fix things, if they even can be fixed. Ecosystems depend on all of the parts, and when parts are unnaturally removed by humans, it can become impossible for the ecosystems and their processes to function properly.
If TRNP was intended by its founding documents to be a Living Museum, then by all means feature original buildings etc. plus promote an aura of the old west including cowboys, six-guns, old lineage cattle and cow ponies. No problem. If, on the other hand, it was intended to be preserved as a natural attraction with preserved prehistoric natural features, native flora an fauna and unaltered landscapes, then get rid of the unnatural paraphernalia and romance. Both management goals have their places but we are making way too much over a philosophical hand-wringing argument about cows and horses. Shoot the damn cattle and horses or round them up and move them out if the goal is to return the landscape to a natural and more or less unaltered state, but manage the TTNP as a replica of the original working ranch if that is the objective. It sounds like the former has priority and legal documentation.
Jeff Hoffman’s term “function properly” has no scientific basis. It is a term that has human opinion and judgement at its root.
First, I don’t worship science. But second, there certainly is a scientific basis for functioning properly, it’s called “ecology.” Of course ecosystems can function properly or not, and that’s not opinion, it’s reality. An ecosystem functions properly when it has all of its native species and is otherwise unharmed by humans, and it does not function properly otherwise.
I guess you don’t get the concept of “native” species. Moreover, your obsession with getting rid of horses says more about your hatred of horses than anything. There are so many more cattle than there are feral horses that those horses should be no more than an afterthought. Get rid of the cattle first, then we can discuss the horses if necessary.
Mr.Hoffman, we don’t have to worship science (whatever that means), but having a basic knowledge of scientific principles and a respect for the ssme is a good start.
Please stop the personal attacks. I don’t hate horses. Thank you.
I don’t see anything I wrote that constitutes a personal attack, unless you think that saying that you hate horses is so. I’m responding to your positions, not to you personally. Again, your obsession with removing horses tells me that you hate horses. You claim that’s not true. OK, then why are you obsessed with removing horses when there are exponentially more cattle?
As to science, western science is extremely reductionist and mechanistic. It therefore has a very myopic and warped view of the universe and the life here. While some disciplines, like ecology, don’t suffer from those problems, or at least suffer from them a lot less, I view life through a holistic and spiritual lens, not a scientific one. Resorting to a scientific argument when it comes to the natural environment always raises a red flag with me. Traditional indigenous people the world over generally know what needs to be known about ecological processes, and western science is generally used as an excuse for harming ecosystems and the life in them. I recognize the very limited and myopic truths that science can provide, but the intellect is a mere tool and is grossly overused by humans, which is one of the fundamental problems with us.
Up until now I read and respected GW’s articles in CounterPunch. NO MORE! His information is biased toward ranchers, NPS and BLM and the whole article has been summarily and not thoroughly researched. Not a good article at all.
What exactly does George say that’s biased toward ranchers or government agencies? George clearly wants the cattle and horses removed. He just REPORTED that there’s opposition to that removal.
His article is factually incorrect. If he had even researched a little more and parroted back incorrect BLM numbers that would proven he’d researched in some depth, but alas no.
Again, what did he say that’s incorrect. You just keep repeating the same thing, which has no more credibility than name calling.
The author uses general critiques of feral horses that do not apply at TRNP, and neglects to consider that the NPS manages and interprets cultural resources as well as natural resources. TRNP is neither an over-grazed arid landscape like Nevada nor a marine wetlands area like Cumberland Island, and there has been no research that establishes that the horses are damaging the environment.
The park superintendent admits that there is no such evidence in published remarks.
Grazing is an integral park of grasslands ecosystems, and as the author knows, some scientists consider horses to be native species since they evolved in North America. Recently a rewilding project in Europe focused on bison restoration included horses in order to recreate Pleistocene ecological conditions. This issue is debatable, but again, the ND situation is not comparable to BLM herd management areas.
The North Dakota horses have been in the badlands since before the park was established, and were described by Theodore Roosevelt and his contemporaries. The NPS has interpreted them as an “historic demonstration herd” that illustrates Roosevelt’s open-range ranching era. Roosevelt’s Elkhorn ranch and the Peaceful Valley Ranch, both in the park, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the park is included on the NPS list of “Cultural Landscapes,” which are areas of historic significance as well as natural history. The reason for that classification is the open-range ranching era, and the horses have been considered to be integral to that story. Many visitors consider them to be the chief attraction of the park, which is North Dakota’s top tourist destination. The state of North Dakota opposes their elimination because of their significance to ND history and popularity, and has offered to help with research and management of the herd to mitigate the cost to the NPS. Such a partnership could be fruitful and positive.
The author also states that M.bovis was discovered in the park in 2022, but in another news article the TRNP superintendent says it has not been detected in the park.
The author also discounts tribal perspectives, but the park is on former tribal lands. The NPS has an office of Native Affairs and is obliged to consult with local tribes on policies and actions and does so routinely with regard to management of the park’s bison. It is appropriate that they have also consulted about the horses, whose ancestors included Native stock, as noted by Robert Utley, chief historian for the NPS.
In short, the author does a disservice to this debate by ignoring the specific context of TRNP and the cultural and historic mandates of the NPS.

domain: biology


After successfully building our own factory, Shenzhen Yuan Feng Xing Ye Technology Co.,Ltd. invested the introduction of highly innovative machines to ensure products quality. We have professional engineers and R&D personnel who focus on the production and development of our products while maintaining high quality.
Mitour is specialized in producing varied ranges of silicone shoelaces. The silicone brush series is available in a wide range of types and specifications. Being unique in its silicone no tie laces, the silicone shoelaces manufactured by Mitour is very popular among customers. Its material is safe and is friendly to the environment. silicone travel bottles are recognized for their properties for collapsible silicone water bottle. The product is patented and is unique.
Yuan Feng focuses on offering five-star customer service for customers. Check it!


text:
One-Eyed Royals by Cordelia Kingsbridge
|Published||September 10, 2018|
One-Eyed Royals by Cordelia Kingsbridge is an adult romance novel, originally published on September 10, 2018. It is the fourth book in the Seven of Spades series.
- Abduction for ransom
- Child abuse
- Compulsive gambling
- Hate crimes
- Police brutality
- Rape (mentioned)
An asterisk (*) indicates that the author openly identifies with that identity.
No representations have been added yet. To add some, click on the edit button!
No tropes have been added yet. To add some, click on the edit button!

domain: literature


text:
Yesterday, we held a memorial for Stephanie and my stagmates asked me to write something about her. This is what I came up with and thought I’d share it in case any of her friends found this blog.
In Memory of Stephanie Michelle Chance
Read at the Peace Corps Niger memorial October 10, 2010
By Heather Mangan
It takes more than a month of friendship for me to reveal my secret fantasy of becoming an author to someone, but, for some reason, I just blurted it out to Stephanie one day.
“You should write a book,” she suggested.
“About what?” hoping she would have a good idea.
“My life is not exciting.”
“Well, you could write about my life. The strangest things happen to me.”
Stephanie is the comic and I am the writer, so we figured that the two of us could combine forces to put out a pretty good book. With assignments in the Zinder region, we’d have two years of hostel time to craft this, what we’d assume would be, a best-selling novel.
Stephanie Chance: the autobiography as told to Heather Mangan.
This idea was drafted with intention of including several yet unlived stories, but, unjustly, her story ends on Oct. 7, 2010. And, without the excessive interviews that would help me tell Stephanie’s tale from all angles, I can only piece together the memories and moments I have of her in the three short months we spent together in Niger. I made a promise to write Stephanie’s story, so here is it through my eyes.
The moment the email came about a comment on my new blog detailing my Peace Corps adventure, I squealed. The reader was a fellow Peace Corps Invitee, a Phoenix native named Stephanie, and she left her email address for me to contact her. We sent a few emails back and forth about packing lists and travel arrangements. I didn’t know anything about her beyond her status with the Peace Corps, but she brought reassurance as I prepared for this big jump in life. I hadn’t left home and I already had a friend in America.
At staging in Philadelphia, I only had the chance to pass a few greetings and introductions to her, but I was already drawn to her magnetism and vibrant personality. At the airport in Paris, she told me about cutting ties with her friend, Pedro. Pedro was the nickname for her stomach and she was determined to lose him to the Nigerien rice and millet cuisine. She even brought her skinny jeans – the pair every girl owns.
This girl is funny, I thought to myself as we stood in line to board the plane to Niamey. I should get to know her more.
Her humor was comfort a few hours later when, like the kindergarteners on the first day of school, we had arrived to the airport without a clue as what to do next. A large Nigerien man, dressed in a dark blue bubu, came to rescue, and comfort, us.
“I like Dad,” Stephanie said as this strange man took our passports and told us to wait. She was right, Tondi was our dad and took care of us like any dad would and the two developed a daughter-father relationship throughout the 11 weeks of training. Her jokingly complaining, him jokingly telling her to get over it.
As we were thrusted into close relationships, I found myself lingering around Stephanie. Her outlook on life intrigued me and I wanted to be around when she delivered a zinger, such as nicknaming training site America. This humor and her small obsession with celebrities brought me comfort in this strange land.
Many of my conversations with Stephanie often lead to food. She threatened us that if we let her early terminate at any point, she’d take daily pictures of the chocolatey, fruity, fried food she ate and send it to us as torture. She promised to make us breakfast burritos on News Year’s Day and we all laughed when she told us her favorite restaurant was Chili’s. I don’t eat at Chili’s because their food isn’t vegetarian friendly, but every time I see one, I’ll think of her. And that baby back ribs jingle.
Stephanie could ignite many mundane situations. On a typical sweaty, harsh bush taxi ride from Niamey to Hamadellye, she decided to broadcast the music on her iPod with her voice and a game of iPod karaoke emerged. The songs came from several different genres, but she insisted they were all good ones. Her, Casey and I giggled in the backseat of a station wagon until the car broke down and we had to walk the short distance into town. She admitted that was one of her favorite moments of Niger.
It was one of mine too.
During the chaotic hustle of training, there were simple moments with Stephanie that drew me closer to her, even if it was just another minute of her day. During a session, her phone rang and she left to answer it. Although far enough away for the lecture hall not to hear her conversation, I heard high-pitched gulps of air, like those that come from sobbing. Leaving our lives back home was trickier than we all thought, and Stephanie was reminded of how hard it can to be to focus on here and not there that day. When she returned to her seat, I gave her a hug. I wanted her to know that she always had my shoulder to cry on, during this moment and any.
But this underlying care wasn’t one sided.
One night, while we were staying at site, I crossed paths were her in the refectoire as I was headed down to village to buy phone credit. She told me not to go alone, but I insisted I would be fine and it would only be a few minutes. She gave in but refused to move from her seat until I returned and threatened to come after me if I wasn’t back in 20 minutes. I came back fine and she got up from her seat, claiming she was now allowed to go on with her night.
When we endured the 14-hour bus ride to Zinder, our new home, for installation, Stephanie morphed into more than a good friend. She, along with the other members of Team Z, became family. We started plotting a new life together – team videos, How I Met Your Mother Marathons and Halloween costumes. She promised to watch the mail for my packages and shap-shap me if I ever ran low on credit in my bush village.
I imagined, and really hoped, that Stephanie and I would have those till 4 a.m. conversations about relationships and friends. Maybe I’d visit her in Phoenix after our two years were up, and I had guessed, with enough coaxing, she’d come to South Dakota, but only when the weather was behaving.
Stephanie is gone now, and these stories and small but significant moments are what I hold on to when I see her face or hear her voice in mind.
And still looks out for me.
Because of poor cell phone reception in my village, I was told the news late in the morning. Not knowing much about my transportation system other than it’s sketchy, I ran home, packed a bag, sat on a log and prayed for a car, a miracle. If I couldn’t get to Zinder that day, I’d have to go the next day and leave for Niamey the following day, arriving on Monday – a day behind of everyone else. I couldn’t be alone that night, I had to get to Zinder.
The time passed with every memory of Stephanie playing in my head. The last day I saw her we had walked to the post office to get packages before installment. I was expecting three and she was expecting one, yet none arrived for me and two for her. I’d have to wait for my goodies a month while she was packing hers up to take to her new home. Of course, I was happy for her, but I was envious of the luck she had working with her that day. She always seemed to have luck, I decided as I came to the conclusion that this was not the end of the world.
It was nearing 2 p.m., and with a four to six hour bush taxi ride ahead of me, I doubted that I’d make it out of my village before the next day.
Then a car came, one that was going to Zinder and would take me the whole way before sundown. I made it there so that I could be here today.
It was pure luck, or borrowed luck. It was a friend from above watching out for me like she’d always done, beginning with an email.
For the next two years, Stephanie will be watching out for us. She’ll be there on our good days and bad days. She’ll be rooting for us from heaven’s grandstands as if she were here in Niger. And, if we let her down, she’ll probably torment us with pictures of sweet, delicious food.

domain: artistic


text:
The property was great. Would stay there again if we come down to myrtle beach with another family.
A block from the beach which was good for the kids, and 10 to 20 mins from shopping depending on where you went
Huge drop! Brand New 3bedroom 2.5 bathroom one block to ocean

domain: travel


text:
Ireland doesn’t have an official national costume so my dress sponsor pixivor allen of AlaFolie and I had some fun with my dress and hair decorations. We chose to represent one of Ireland’s most famous icons the Shamrock in the bodice of the dress with appliqued shamrocks on the lace decorated with pearls and gold diamonds. These three colors represent the colors of the national flag of Ireland. Belle Roussel of Chop Zuey provided all of my jewelry in the National Styling and she reset my earrings with emeralds for the *Emerald Isle*.
The original dress is a bit greener in color something happened in my conversion in picmonkey to the shade of green but you get the basic look Also I discovered a dancing leprechaun in my inventory and he stood on my shoulder for the actual event yesterday – I turned off his dancing skills – didn’t want to distract from my wonderful dress. pixi also designed my final formal so stay posted to see what she has designed next week!!
Dress: AlaFolie MISS IRELAND*
Jewelry: Chop Zuey Rocinante’s Curve Grn/Slv Earrings*, Pentacostal Diam Bracelet A & B*, Deceptive Cadence – Ring*
Make up: [mock] Grenadier Glace Lipcolor; *MC*”Falsies Eyelash; [mock] Triumphant Makeover; -Belleza- Grace SK Blush
Hair: ICONIC-ALL-OF-ME-SLIGHTLY TAMED & ICONIC-FANCY-HAIR-NORMAL; AlaFolie – Hair Shamrocks*
Hands: Slink Avatar Enhancement Hands Elegant
Shoes: [Gos] Grace Sandal – Mirror
Skin: -Belleza- Grace SK 5 R

domain: design


On May 10, Across the Universe Records will release Jonathan Elias’ ‘Prayer Cycle 2: Path To Zero,’ a collection of music produced by the celebrated composer that features a stunning array of world-renowned musicians and activists. Proceeds from the record will be donated to Global Zero, an international organization dedicated to nuclear disarmament. Contributors include Sting, Trudie Styler, Angélique Kidjo, Robert Downey Jr, Sinead O'Connor, Serj Tankian and more.
“‘Path to Zero’ is a classically influenced set of world prayers, inspired by the survival of hope in a world living under the shadow of the nuclear threat. As an artist leaving a legacy to my children, it’s my prayer that they will be able to succeed in recognizing and changing the path we have chosen for the world, even if we cannot,” says Elias.
The CD is an eclectic mix of music with a sweeping number of influences from all over the world and across multiple genres—classical prayer/devotional music, spoken word, vintage radio samples, rock and more. “Having worked on so many different styles of music, I feel it’s important to cross-pollinate in my own work,” says Elias. On ‘Prayer Cycle 2’ his commitment to this challenge is brilliantly displayed. The CD features over a dozen different artists, multiple languages and musical genres. Additional contributors include Jonathan Davis of Korn, Afro-pop singers Salif Keita and Angelique Kidjo, Jon Anderson of Yes, Lilli Elias and Pakistan’s Rahat Fateh Ali Khan.
Elias is a long-time Hollywood musical innovator and was able to nab an unreleased recording of Jim Morrison reading a rare poem through a connection with the late producer of The Doors, Paul Rothchild.
Find out more about Global Zero here.


text:
- About Us
- Pet Care
EUKANUBA - Puppy Dry Food (15kg) has been formulated to provide your puppies optimal nutrition up to 12 months old.
This food contains high protein and high fat to support their higher metabolism. High-quality chicken is the first ingredient for protein that powers their day. It also supports healthy brain development with clinically proven levels of DHA for smarter, more trainable puppies. Supports muscle growth and bone health in active pups with high-quality animal protein and optimal levels of calcium and phosphorous.
Dehydrated poultry protein, wheat, corn, poultry fat, barley, brewers rice, dried plain beet pulp, fish oil, hydrolysed poultry protein, yeast products, sunflower oil, potassium chloride, salt, fructooligosaccharides, choline chloride, vitamins (DL-alpha tocopherol acetate (source of vitamin E), vitamin A, vitamin B5, vitamin B3, biotin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin B1, vitamin D, vitamin B2, folic acid), antioxidants, trace minerals (zinc, manganese, iron, copper, potassium, sodium selenite).
Whether you are a breeder, professional, family pet owner or new pet owner, you are likely to find the products you need at competitive prices at Pets Domain. Our range of products for fish, birds, dogs, cats, reptiles, rabbits, other small animals, poultry, horses and other larger animals needs to be seen to be believed!

domain: pet


基于太赫兹超材料的牛血清白蛋白传感器研究 下载： 506次
Terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies of 0.1-10.0 THz. They have the characteristics of wide bandwidth,strong penetration,and low photon energy. Notably,the energy levels of the terahertz spectrum correspond to the rotational and vibrational energy levels of several biological macromolecules. Therefore,the terahertz spectroscopy technology can be used to study the properties of biomolecules,such as their molecular structures and their molecular interactions with the surrounding environment. Because the wavelength of a terahertz wave (0.03-3.00 mm) is not in the same order of magnitude as the characteristic size of common biological macromolecules,it is difficult to produce sufficient interaction between the trace levels of biological macromolecules contained in the sample and the terahertz wave,and the weak change in the terahertz spectral line is difficult to capture. Metamaterial is an artificial material whose electromagnetic properties can be manipulated artificially. By combining terahertz spectroscopy technology with metamaterials,the small disturbance to the metamaterial caused by trace-level objects can result in significant changes in the spectra of metamaterials,and thus make high-sensitivity detection of biomacromolecules possible. In this study,a resonant terahertz metamaterial is used to enhance the interaction between terahertz wave and the determinand,and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution is selected as the analyte. An efficient BSA sensor is constructed using terahertz spectroscopy technology. The relationship between the concentration of the BSA solution and the resonance frequency offset of the sensor is analyzed,and the limit of detection of the sensor is examined.
To achieve rapid and highly sensitive detection of BSA solution,the unit structure designed by Sengupta et al. is adopted. Because of the C4 symmetry of the structure,the metamaterial-based sensor is insensitive to polarization. The electromagnetic properties of the metamaterial are simulated by full-wave numerical simulation. According to the simulation results,the above structure has resonance absorption near 0.8 THz. When the refractive index of the material at the surface of the metamaterial changes,the resonance frequency of the metamaterial shifts. By combining the terahertz spectrum technology,the relationship between the resonance frequency shift of the metamaterial and the concentration of determinand is established. The schematic of the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. First,the transmission spectrum of the metamaterial without a determinand is measured with a terahertz spectrometer and used as the background. Second,quantitative BSA is dissolved in distilled water to prepare a certain concentration of BSA solution,and the 20 μL solution is collected through a microsampler and dropped onto the metamaterial. The metamaterial is heated at 70 ℃ for 10 min. The transmission spectra of the metamaterials are measured using a terahertz spectrometer to provide a sample group. During the experiment,to reduce error,the linear weighted average processing is carried out on the data of the adjacent points in a single scanning. The final data for each sample is the average of the three scanning results. A second-order Gaussian fitting method is used to fit the transmission spectral data of the background and sample groups nonlinearly,and the resonance frequency shift of the metamaterial is obtained by comparing the fitted curves.
A resonance absorption peak of approximately 0.8 THz for the metamaterial without a determinand is found (Fig.2). According to the fitting curves,a BSA solution with a volume mass of 2 mg/mL can induce a 10.43-GHz redshift in the resonant frequency of the metamaterial. Using the control variable method,several groups of solutions with different volume mass values (2,3,4,and 8 mg/mL) are configured,and their terahertz transmission spectra are measured and compared with the transmission spectrum of the bare metamaterial (Fig.3). With a gradual increase in the concentration of the determinand,the resonance frequency of the metamaterial gradually moves in the lower frequency direction (Table 1). When the solution volume mass is in the range of 2-8 mg/mL,a linear relationship exists between the resonance frequency shift of the metamaterial and the volume mass of the determinand (Fig.4). The concentration of the BSA solution is determined according to a linear relationship. When the concentration of the BSA solution is reduced continuously and when the volume mass is decreased to 0.3 mg/mL,the frequency offset of the resonance chip is 0.87 GHz. When the volume mass is further decreased to 0.2 mg/mL,the resonance shift is less than 0.04 GHz,which is significantly lower than the sampling step size of the spectrometer (Fig.5 and Table 2). Furthermore,0.3 mg/mL exhibites the lowest detection limit. By optimizing the experimental environment,considering the change in transmittance and resonance frequency,and shortening the frequency step size,the detection sensitivity can be further improved,the limit of detection can be reduced,and the sensor specificity can be enhanced.
Based on metamaterials and terahertz spectroscopy, an efficient sensor for biological macromolecules is constructed. The experimental results show that the addition of determinand can cause a significant shift in the terahertz transmission spectrum and the variation in the resonant frequency of the sensor increases with an increase in the concentration of the determinand. When the volume mass of the BSA solution is in the range of 2-8 mg/mL, the offset of the resonant frequency is linearly correlated with the volume mass, demonstrating the potential of the proposed sensor for detecting the substance concentration. In addition, the limit of detection is 0.3 mg/mL. In conclusion, the proposed BSA sensor has high sensitivity, simple operation, and high efficiency. Subsequently, by further optimizing the materials and parameters of metamaterials, comprehensively utilizing the position and amplitude information of the resonance peak, and improving the test environment, it should be possible to obtain biological macromolecule sensors with higher specificity and sensitivity.
郑卓锐, 钟慧, 聂勇潇, 林婷, 方依霏, 宋立伟, 田野. 基于太赫兹超材料的牛血清白蛋白传感器研究[J]. 中国激光, 2023, 50(17): 1714017. Zhuorui Zheng, Hui Zhong, Yongxiao Nie, Ting Lin, Yifei Fang, Liwei Song, Ye Tian. Research of Bovine Serum Albumin Sensor Based on Terahertz Metamaterials[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2023, 50(17): 1714017.


Number of Covid-19 deaths far higher than what the government claims, officials sayHealth Ministry’s data does not include all known deaths as well as of those who were suspected to have died of the coronavirus but were not tested.
As of Tuesday, the number of deaths from Covid-19 in the country stands at 1,247. So far, 211,475 have been infected. The fatality rate, therefore, works out to be 0.59 percent.
But according to multiple sources at the Ministry of Health and Population and the Covid-19 Crisis Management Centre, the number of deaths from coronavirus infection is far more than what the government claims.
A highly placed source at the Health Ministry said that the team formed to investigate variation in data on the deaths between that of the Health Ministry and Nepal Army found problems in data compilation by the ministry.
A three-member probe team comprising a director at the Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, a joint-secretary at the Health Ministry and a senior official from Nepal Army was formed some two weeks ago to investigate the discrepancy.
“The probe team which thoroughly reviewed the data found no error in the Army’s numbers but in the Health Ministry’s collection,” an official at the Health ministry told the Post, asking not to be named. “The number of people who died from the virus are far more than what we are claiming.”
In March the government had given the responsibility of managing the bodies of those who died of Covid-19 or suspected Covid-19 to the Army.
“The Army has detailed records of each body it has disposed of. Therefore, there’s no chance of a mistake on its part,” said an official at the Covid-19 Crisis Management Centre.
Nepal Army’s data shows that over 1,800 people have died of the infection.
There are a number of reasons why the Health Ministry undercounts deaths, according to a source at the Covid-19 Crisis Management Committee, the body formed under Deputy Prime Minister Ishwar Pokhrel to respond to the virus threat.
The Health Ministry has been counting only those who died until 2 pm every day. Those who died after 2 pm are not counted and the data provided in the next day’s briefing by the Health Ministry spokesperson only includes those declared dead that particular day, the source told the Post.
On the other hand, the Army counts all the bodies of those who have died of Covid-19 or suspected Covid-19 it has managed for their funerals.
“The reporting system of the Health Ministry was also found to be problematic,” the official told the Post on condition of anonymity.
Also, after the country adopted the federal system with three tiers of governments at the federal, provincial and local levels, the reporting system of the Health Ministry has been disrupted.
Local and provincial governments are not obliged to report to the federal government, according to the Health Ministry.
“Just as in the case of counting the Covid-19 confirmed dead, the Health Ministry may have missed the number of positive cases and needs to be reviewed like the number of deceased,” said the official.
Further, according to the Health Ministry, the definition of death from the coronavirus is different between the ministry and the Army.
“The Ministry demands coronavirus positive reports with death certificates to include in its list,” said Dr Samir Kumar Adhikari, joint spokesperson for the Health Ministry. “The Army managed the bodies of those who died in home isolation also and those with Covid-19 like symptoms but the Health Ministry doesn't count such cases.”
However, sources say Nepal Army takes responsibility for disposing of the bodies of only those people who tested positive for coronavirus.
Nepal Army says that hospitals first inform the Covid-19 Crisis Management Centre, which then informs the respective division of Nepal Army and it then mobilises teams prepared for cremation of bodies of coronavirus victims.
Adhikari concedes that the number of deceased from the coronavirus could be far more than declared by the ministry.
“We have requested provincial governments’ agencies to send their authentic data on the number of deceased within five days,” Adhikari told the Post. “We will update the data of the deceased if problems are found after verifying with the provincial governments’ data. If not, we will not update.”
When asked if the government is concealing data of the infected people and the deceased, Adhikari claimed that there is no reason to do so.
The three-member probe team has already furnished its report to the Health Ministry and to the Covid-19 Crisis Management Centre.
In the last 24 hours, 17 people died of Covid-19 and 502 others were found to be infected. A total of 3,112 polymerase chain reaction tests were carried out in the last 24 hours.
The number of tests has been gradually decreasing since October 5 when the government decided to charge for the tests except for the poor, elderly people, disabled, health workers deployed to the front line, security personnel and cleaning staff. The highest number of positive cases—5,743—was reported on October 21 when 20,118 tests were conducted.
Last Monday the Cabinet decided to reverse its October 5 decision after widespread condemnation.
Public health experts said that huge discrepancies in the data of the deceased between the Health Ministry and the Army show the level of coordination among different government agencies in the fight against the coronavirus.
“The Health Ministry should use the Army's data, as their reporting system is excellent,” Dr Baburam Marasini, former director of the Epidemiology and Disease control division, told the Post.
“Even minor things make a huge difference in the fight against the pandemic, and we are ignoring the real data. This all shows how serious we are in the fight against the pandemic.”


text:
Miami Marlins vs. Tampa Bay Rays MLB Pick, Odds, Prediction - 6/3/14
Tampa Bay Rays (23-34) at Miami Marlins (28-28)
MLB Baseball: Tuesday, June 3, 2014 at 7:10 pm (Marlins Park)
Chris Archer (R) (3-2) (3.999) vs. Henderson Alvarez (R) (2-3) (2.970)
The Line: Miami Marlins +100 / Tampa Bay Rays -110 --- Over/Under: 7.5 See the Latest Odds
TV: Sun Sports, FSN-FL
The Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins will play game two of four when they take the field Tuesday night.
The Rays have now lost seven straight games and have fallen 12 games below a .500 record. While the Rays pitching staff only allowed three runs in Monday’s loss, the lineup has produced two or fewer runs in five straight games. Of course, consistent offense has been a problem all season for the Rays, as they’re 8-25 when scoring three or less runs. Matt Joyce has struck out once in his last six games, but David DeJesus does have four extra-base hits in his last six games. Getting the nod is Chris Archer, who is 3-2 with a 4.00 ERA and has 59 strikeouts in 63 innings. This is Archer’s first career game against the Marlins.
USA TODAY Sports
The Marlins snapped a three-game losing streak and improve to 21-11 at home this season. The Marlins have scored three or less runs in six of their last nine games and are 8-18 when scoring three or less runs. Giancarlo Stanton has scored six runs in as many games and Casey McGehee has two RBI in Monday’s win. The Marlins pitching staff has an ERA of 3.83. Getting the nod is Henderson Alvarez, who is 2-3 with a 2.97 ERA and has 40 strikeouts in 66.2 innings. Alvarez is 0-5 with a 6.28 ERA in five career starts against the Rays.
The Rays are 2-6 in Archer's last 8 starts as a road favorite and 12-5 in their last 17 interleague games as a favorite. The Marlins are 8-0 in their last 8 interleague games and 4-0 in Alvarez's last 4 home starts. The Rays are 27-9 in the last 36 meetings.
While Archer has been god awful against the Rays in his career, the Rays have been one of the worst teams in all of baseball lately. I'll take a Marlins team that's terrific at home for the even money.

domain: game


text:
The more than perfect gift for the pop culture buff in your life.
Surprise your mom with a video made with all the things which define her.
An artistically designed digital portrait to turn a selfie into an extraordinary gift.
Get a bunch of strangers to sing songs for your loved one over WhatsApp texts.
Send your mom a cute gift combo consisting of a special magnet, mug and more.
Get a professional guitarist to surprise your loved one with a video and make the special ...
You have dedicated songs on the radio. Now dedicate an entire radio show to someone!
Make your gift grow stronger every year by planting a tree on your loved one’s behalf.
Have a bunch of friendly strangers email the special one and let him/her keep guessing ...

domain: entertainment


text:
The celebration is over for the No. 17 Mississippi State Bulldogs, who have gone from unranked underdogs to sudden dark horses in the SEC West.
A 37-7 beat down of then No. 12 LSU last week at home has put many on notice that MSU could contend in the SEC this season. To continue to do that, however, they’ve got to win a game on the road in Athens, Ga., this weekend and the No. 11 Georgia Bulldogs (3-0, 0-0) stand in their way.
“We’re going on the road into a tough environment against an excellent football team,” Dan Mullen said. “This week we come back and it’s your first SEC road game. It adds different challenges to the picture. There’s some uniqueness in it.”
MSU and UGA split decisions in 2010 and ‘11 when both home teams were able to pull off wins. No one but the coaches were here for those games so this is something new to everyone on the team.
Georgia has been without starting quarterback Jacob Eason since he was injured in the first game of the season and freshman Jake Fromm has thrown for 449 yards and five touchdowns in wins over Notre Dame and Samford.
With the talent at every position being as good as good as it is anywhere in the country, Mullen doesn’t really concern himself with who is behind center. Running backs Nick Chubb and Sony Michel present enough of a problem with their combined 450 yards and six touchdowns rushing.
Add in head coach Kirby Smart's defense and there is clearly a challenge ahead.
“They do a lot well. They have big, athletic guys on defense. They can play you multiple fronts on the defensive line and they have the personnel that fits those fronts,” Mullen said. “The other side of the ball, they have two of the top running backs in the country and both of them have a different style. Quarterback, one five star went in and out and another one came in.”
Bulldogs earn SEC Honors
After a big weekend win, MSU saw more accolades pour in in the form of individual awards.
The SEC announced on Monday morning that Fitzgerald was named Offensive Player of the Week after throwing for 180 yards and two scores on 15-of-23 passing and rushing 14 times for 88 yards and two more touchdowns.
Fitzgerald is now second in MSU history with 55 total touchdowns. He trails only Dak Prescott in that category at 114.
Additionally, MSU also had sophomore left guard Darryl Williams honored for his performance and named the SEC Offensive Lineman of the Week. Williams helped pave the way for 285 rushing yards in the 37-7 defeat.
Sophomore defensive tackle Jeffery Simmons earned the SEC Defensive Lineman of the Week for the second-consecutive time becoming the first player to do that at MSU since Preston Smith’s three consecutive honors in 2014. Simmons had a career-high seven tackles and 1.5 sacks. The Noxubee County alum is having a huge start to the year and is tied for second on the team in tackles with 17 and leads the team with his 2.5 sacks.
Mullen said that the Bulldogs left the LSU game “blessed” with just some bumps and bruises and didn’t see any significant injuries.
There are still three players that are up in the air over the next few weeks. Defensive lineman Cory Thomas and wide receiver Gabe Myles each missed the LSU game and had their legs in casts at the game on Saturday with foot injuries.
Myles appears to be less serious according to Mullen’s comments and will be questionable for this week. Thomas is out this week and could be for several weeks as he heals.
Another questionable athlete is receiver Malik Dear. After tearing his ACL in the spring, Dear has been working to get back this season without redshirting. Dear was cleared to play last week but didn’t get in the game. This week will again represent a decision for Mullen and his receiver.
“We’ll see how it goes. He practiced at the end of last week,” Mullen said. “He’s medically cleared to play, our question is at what percentage he is. We’ll see how he feels, how he’s moving and all of that stuff.”
Who: Mississippi State vs. Georgia
When: 6 p.m., Saturday
Where: Athens, Ga.
Radio: 1580 AM

domain: news


text:
Let’s Take a Moment to Celebrate Tierra Whack’s "Whack History Month"
The Philadelphia rapper has released a killer song every week for the past five weeks, continuing the series with the hard-hitting “Unemployed”
Photo by Randy Holmes via Getty Images
On February 19, Tierra Whack, the immensely talented Philadelphia rapper, decided to release a new single each week, dubbing the experiment “Whack History Month” to follow-up her 15-minute 2018 debut Whack World. So far, the singles have showcased her obvious versatility and the latest entry is no exception. The fifth installment in the series, “Unemployed,” which dropped Tuesday morning, boasts Whack’s commanding presence over a rattling bass beat as she raps, “The wait is over, I'm taking over / You overweight, you ate a soda.”
Whack premiered the song via Zane Lowe’s World Record on Beats 1. In an interview with the Apple Music host, she explained, “Rap got boring to me for a long time so I just started singing more. But it was one of those days where I was home recording in Philly, and [co-writer Kenete Simms] hit the beat and it was hitting. I thought people think I can't rap anymore so I just gotta rap." She also said that the song got an assist from her mom: “My mom is never in the studio with me, but she was in the studio that day and she like basically helped me with the hook.”
The no-frills rap is a stark departure from some of Whack’s other singles in her self-proclaimed “Whack History Month,” like the silky organ-led R&B of “Wasteland.” It’s this sort of flexibility that shows that even though Whack is no longer releasing one-minute songs, she’s more than able to stretch out and let her songwriting breathe. Other songs in the series like introspective “Only Child” tackled a breakup while booming “Clones” and thoughtful “Gloria” might be the most infectious of the bunch. Five weeks straddling both February and March isn't exactly a traditional Gregorian month, which opens up a lot of possibilities for Tierra. Maybe "Whack History Month" can just last forever.


text:
Add the first photo and get an additional 2 points
The biggest attraction of Trenčín lying on Váh is the royal castle. It stands on a high rock above the river valley. It is one of the largest in Slovakia. Within its walls is a complex of historic palaces and farm buildings. A museum is currently operating in the Castle, former chambers have been restored. You can also visit the Hunger Tower, Mateusz Tower and other elements of castle fortifications.
Trencin Castle was built in the 12th century. Earlier there was a fortified stronghold here, and in Roman times the fortified Laugaricio camp. His remains are the inscription in the castle in honor of the emperor Marcus Aurelius and the victory over the Germans. The stronghold was owned by the king, who settled in it representatives of important magnate Hungarian families.
The castle flourished with a great fire from the 18th century. Since then it has fallen into ruin. The reconstruction took place only after World War II. The stronghold was then given a medieval character. Within it, representative palaces of noble families, as well as buildings for servants have been preserved. Their interiors have been restored and furnished showing the changes that the castle underwent from the Middle Ages to its decline.

domain: history


text:
The purpose of the present study was to investigate if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration are associated with cognition in bipolar disorder and healthy controls, respectively. CSF concentrations of total and phosphorylated tau, amyloid beta (A beta) 1-42, ratios of A beta 42/40 and A beta 42/38, soluble amyloid precursor protein alpha and beta, and neurofilament light chain protein were analyzed in relation to neuropsychological performance in 82 euthymic bipolar disorder patients and 71 healthy controls. Linear regression models were applied to account for performance in five cognitive domains using the CSF biomarkers. In patients, the CSF biomarkers explained a significant proportion of the variance (15-36%, p =. 002 -<. 0005) in all cognitive domains independently of age, medication, disease status, and bipolar subtype I or II. However, the CSF biomarkers specifically mirroring Alzheimer-type brain changes, i.e., P-tau and A beta 1-42, did not contribute significantly. In healthy controls, CSF biomarkers did not explain the variance in cognitive performance. Selected CSF biomarkers of neurodegenerative processes accounted for cognitive performance in persons with bipolar disorder, but not for healthy controls. Specifically, the ratios of A beta 42/40 and A beta 42/38 were consistently associated with altered cognitive performance.
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine (hsv//eng)

domain: medical


Major Boost For Rotorua Toursim
24 July, 2015
Major entertainment and convenience retail development for Rotorua gets green light
Rotorua’s tourism and entertainment offering is about to get a major boost with details released today regarding the new $13 million Lynmore Junction and entertainment zone development on Te Ngae Road.
The 27,746m2 development includes one of the largest all-weather entertainment centres in New Zealand, alongside convenience retail outlets such as a high end small format supermarket incorporating a pharmacy, service station and fast food outlets. The development, with 260 carparks, is located within close proximity to Whakarewarewa Forest, the lakes, eastern suburbs and the inner city.
The cornerstone feature of the development is a 6,085m2 entertainment zone set to open in the last quarter of 2016. The entertainment zone will incorporate Strike Zone Entertainment Rotorua (ten pin bowling), Megazone Laser Tag Rotorua, Timezone Games, a state of the art trampoline centre and the popular franchise, Chipmunks Playland & Café, all under one roof along with a conference room, party rooms and licensed café.
Additional entertainment zone activities and attractions will be confirmed in the coming weeks.
Lynmore Junction is being developed by Rotorua’s Holmes Group and Managing Director, Ryan Holmes, says Lynmore Junction will be a “quality, innovative and vibrant” development that will add value not only to Lynmore residents and surrounds, but to the whole of Rotorua.
“Lynmore Junction will offer everyday quality convenience retail on the doorstep of local residents and commuters,” says Ryan.
“At the same time, the entertainment zone will become a significant national and international visitor destination in its own right, with wide ranging appeal for families and residents of all ages from Rotorua, the wider Bay of Plenty, Taupo, South Waikato and further afield, particularly Auckland.
“The entertainment zone brings together all the latest interactive activities and technology under one roof to provide a year-round venue – rain, hail or shine. It is the ultimate all-weather destination.
“The experience will start the moment you set foot inside the entertainment zone with a grotto-like entrance, building anticipation and leading to a centralised welcome and information area. It will be totally unlike anything ever seen in Rotorua before.”
Ryan says the entertainment zone concept follows worldwide trends with a number of different interactive activities in one venue offering the latest technology and equipment and run by experienced New Zealand operators to the highest safety standards.
He says the Holmes Group team have put their “hearts and souls” into the project to bring the vision to life.
“This includes working with a number of key partners, without whom we would not be where we are today. These include Paul Sanford from NAI Harcourts, Project Manager, Matt Jackson, from RCP, the anchor tenants, Todd McClay MP, Rotorua Lakes Council and Destination Rotorua.”
“We believe the entertainment zone will complement Rotorua’s existing attractions and help fill a large gap when it comes to all-weather options, thereby extending the city’s wider offering,” says Ryan.
“We have developed Lynmore Junction in such a way to ensure it will add value to Rotorua’s CBD and support current and planned developments, rather than detract from the great work underway in the inner city. We are working closely with Rotorua Lakes Council to ensure this is the case.”
“Rotorua’s Strike Zone will relocate with a whole new fit out to Lynmore Junction from Fenton Park, while the other attractions are all new additions to the region – an aspect which is particularly exciting,” says Ryan.
The Lynmore Junction development will also involve the installation of a new set of traffic signals at the Te Ngae and Iles Road intersection.
“The relevant authorities had previously identified this intersection as requiring an upgrade to traffic signals, but we have brought this timeframe forward and incorporated the intersection upgrade as part of the development, at our cost, to ensure safe and easy access to Lynmore Junction, smooth local traffic management and to allay safety concerns for local school children,” says Ryan.
Demolition of the existing site buildings is expected to commence within the next eight weeks, with construction starting in early 2016. The development will create job opportunities for local construction workers and contractors during the demolition and construction period, as well as a number of full and part-time employment positions once fully completed.
Opportunities to become a part of the Lynmore Junction development and entertainment zone are still available through franchises or individual lease. For further information contact Paul Sanford at NAI Harcourts on 027 471 3116 or email@example.com


Caitlyn Jenner Breaks The Internet
Move over, Kim Kardashian there’s a new person breaking the Internet, who just so happens to be related to you.
The world met Caitlyn Jenner, formerly Bruce Jenner, with the Monday reveal of Vanity Fair’s July issue. The magazine cleverly created a hashtag #callmecaitlyn and Jenner, who has never had a Twitter account, opened an account under the new name @Caitlyn_Jenner.
In less than four hours, and with only two tweets, the former Olympian garnered over 1 million Twitter followers – breaking President Obama’s land speed record. Media outlets and social media users spread the news like wildfire.
For a rough comparison, take Paper Magazine’s tweet of Kardashian’s nude 2014 shoot, which they marketed as trying to "break the Internet.” That post received 7,993 retweets and 7,078 favorites.
Vanity Fair’s tweet of the Jenner cover, by comparison, got 17,117 retweets and 13,177 favorites. And that number is still growing.
Jenner, who joined Facebook as well, posted the cover image there too, which garnered 119,777 likes and was shared over 19,551 times.
“Caitlyn Jenner broke the Internet more so than Kim did with her Paper magazine cover because Caitlyn's photos carried more cultural significance than Kim's,” celebrity journalist David Caplan told FOX411. “Caitlyn is making a statement here.”
Valerie Greenberg, executive editor at NaughtyGossip.com, explained why Jenner outdid Kardashian’s cover.
“Caitlyn is making a difference and inspiring others suffering like she was where as Kim posed for publicity and to recreate a cool artsy photoshoot,” she said.
Shannon Self, co-founder of social media relations firm Toldyaa.com, said Jenner’s instantly huge Twitter following is thanks to not only Caitlyn’s already large fan base, but also the topic.
“Whenever you bring a serious issue from the darkness into the light, it's going to be huge and reach way more people,” Self said.
However, even with Jenner’s impact over the last 24 hours, Caplan says Kardashian is still the reigning queen in the famous family.
“Kim is still the most recognizable. Her brand is stronger and more solidified, and she is known globally,” Caplan said.
Greenberg disagrees, however, and predicts Jenner will continue to command the spotlight, especially with the upcoming E! docu-series.
“Right now there is no question that it's all about Caitlyn Jenner. The Diane Sawyer interview partnered with this Vanity Fair cover story is only the beginning,” Greenberg said. “The other members of the family should embrace their time out of the spotlight because it's Caitlyn's turn to shine.”
Xscape Lands Their Own Show
25-Year-Old Dies After Botched Plastic Surgery
Hole Torn In Plane’s Engine
Attorneys General To Sue President Trump
Bill Cosby’s Wife To Appear In Court Today
Man’s Severed Head Found On Porch
Winning Powerball Ticket Sold In CA
Nick Gordon Arrested
Dave Chappelle Donates $50,000 To Flint
- Xscape Lands Their Own Show
- 25-Year-Old Dies After Botched Plastic Surgery
- Hole Torn In Plane’s Engine
- Attorneys General To Sue President Trump
- Former NBA Player Sebastian Telfair Arrested On Gun Charges
- Bill Cosby’s Wife To Appear In Court Today
- Man’s Severed Head Found On Porch
- Winning Powerball Ticket Sold In CA
- Nick Gordon Arrested
- Dave Chappelle Donates $50,000 To Flint
- 4 The Missing
- 4UMF Exclusive
- 4UMF Sweepstakes
- Album/Mixtape Reviews
- American Colors
- Behind The Scenes
- Breaking News
- Business News
- Celebrity Blogger
- Consumer News
- Crime and Punishment
- Did You Know
- Entertainment News
- Fashion News
- Good In The Hood
- Guess Who
- Guys Guys Guys
- Health News
- Hip Hop Honeys
- In The Studio
- International News
- IV League
- Kush Chronicles
- Movie News
- Music News
- Music Videos
- On The Set
- Put On Blast
- Race Matters
- Reality Shows
- Red Carpet
- Red Handed
- Rumors Or Truth
- Seen On The Scene
- Shots Fired
- Sneaker Files
- Strange News
- Tech News
- Television News
- thats My Take On It
- The Scoop
- Top Ten
- Tough World
- Twitter Beef
- Video Games
- Video Throwback
- Watch It
- Weekly Gossip
- Word From The Streets


For MR-guided high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, an MR-compatible afterloader was developed, required for real-time HDR brachytherapy source tracking. This afterloader should be able to function well close to the MRI scanner. The functioning of both the MR-compatible afterloader and the MRI scanner, while operating simultaneously, was investigated. Source localization was performed by a phase-only cross correlation localization method. The results demonstrate that the afterloader was able to send the source to predefined source positions, while simultaneously performing MR imaging. Combined with high-temporal resolution imaging and fast reconstruction/post-processing, this study shows the feasibility of real-time source tracking for MR-guided HDR brachytherapy.


The 2018 Jeep Wrangler isn’t scheduled to be officially unveiled until this year’s Los Angeles Auto Show, which takes place November 29th at the Los Angeles Convention Center. Just because this hotly anticipated vehicle hasn’t been officially introduced, however, doesn’t mean that there isn’t plenty of information available to get Jeep fans excited.
Thanks to the release of early promotional material and media reports, we can already be sure that the 2018 Jeep Wrangler is going to be one impressive vehicle. Here’s what our Jeep Indianapolis dealership already knows about the 2018 Wrangler, and why that information has us so impressed.
More Off-Roading Capability Than Ever
The Wrangler has always been Jeep’s signature off-roading vehicle. With a focus on power and performance, the Wrangler has attracted a dedicated fan base of drivers who want more from their ride than a comfortable city cruise. These Wrangler aficionados will be very pleased to know that the 2018 Jeep Wrangler is designed with the model’s legacy of off-roading excellence in mind, with plenty of power under the hood and a design that gives it performance to match.
According to new information released by the EPA on the 2018 Wrangler’s fuel efficiency, we know that drivers will have several choices when it comes to how their new Wrangler is kitted out. The most exciting of these is the addition of a new option for an eight-speed automatic transition, a serious upgrade from the five-speed that older versions of the Wrangler have.
The five-speed transmission is still an option, as well, and both of these layouts come with an impressive bump in fuel efficiency compared to previous versions. According to the EPA’s new grades for the 2018 Jeep Wrangler, the five-speed automatic earns a combined score of 18 mpg, 17 city, and 21 highway, while the new eight-speed earned a combined score of 20 mpg, 18 city, and 23 highway.
While we don’t know the exact details of the 2018 Wrangler’s engine, early data seems to indicate that the acclaimed Pentastar V-6 engine will be returning with the new design. The 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 puts out 285 horsepower, making it more than capable of handling even the toughest off-roading conditions.
Intriguingly, some rumors indicate that the 2018 Jeep Wrangler may come with one or two additional engine options, including a 2.0-liter turbocharged I-4, a turbodiesel engine, and (maybe) even a hybrid engine option. These may be just the fantasies of overeager car enthusiasts or future upgrades to the line that are being leaked too early—but, if they turn out to be true, it will truly be a very exciting time to be a Jeep fan.
There are plenty of other updates to the 2018 Jeep Wrangler that are worth noting, including an overhauled interior. Promotional images reveal a redesigned steering wheel and updated infotainment system, all while keeping the design of the dashboard simple and uncluttered.
Want to find out more about the 2018 Jeep Wrangler? Contact our friendly Jeep dealership staff today at 812-331-3200 for the latest information as it is released.


text:
1. Main container
2. Joining clip with or without seal (depending on the desired version)
3. Lower lid upon request, with or without drain holes.
Easier to work on your plants and vegetables and water them as you do not have to knee down.
The edge keeps the earth in the container.
Provides some protection against snails, rabbits and other animals.
You can determine yourself :
For your choices please use this form.

domain: agronomy


text:
On Wednesday, January 23rd, a boy under the age of five, while sitting in the back seat of a four-door sedan, accidentally shot his mother who was sitting in the driver’s seat after somehow accessing a shotgun located in the car.
Norwalk Station Deputies responded to the block of 14600 Dinard Street, where the shooting occurred, to find the Hispanic mother of four wounded in her midsection.
She was treated at a local hospital and is now in stable condition. The other passengers in the car, another adult female and the driver’s other three children were physically unharmed. The four children are now in custody of the Department of Children and Family Services.
A man, whose identity and connection to the woman is at this time not being released, was arrested that same day in regards to this case. He is charged with various felonies, including criminal storage of a firearm and child endangerment.