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No one ever got rich betting on the demise of Hugo Chávez. As a leftist Venezuelan paratrooper officer, he led a failed coup in 1992, but he was let out of prison just two years later and started campaigning for the presidency, which he won in 1998. In 2002 Chávez himself was the target of a coup; it threw him out of power for a few days, but he survived it. Ditto a 2004 recall referendum. He won re-election as President in 2006 and then a 2009 plebiscite that lets him run as often as he wants.
So I'm not about to assume, as so many are at the moment, that surgery for a pelvic abscess which has kept Chávez, 56, laid up in a Havana hospital and unusually silent since June 10 threatens to end his political career if not his life. True, there is genuine cause for speculation about Chávez's health, if only because the world is getting little more than Twitter messages right now from a leader who is famous for interrupting Venezuelan TV broadcasts so he can talk for hours on end about whatever occurs to him, usually his imperialista enemy the U.S. But medical experts say it can take a few weeks to recover from abdominal abscesses, and that may well be what Venezuelan Foreign Minister Nicolás Maduro was referring to over the weekend when he said Chávez is "battling for his health."
Whatever Chávez's prognosis is, his hospital hiatus in Cuba has raised questions about the condition of his socialist Bolivarian revolution. On Sunday, June 26, the head of the National Assembly said he was certain Chávez would return for Venezuela's July 5 bicentennial celebration, a day when Chávez is also supposed to kick off a summit of Latin American leaders on Margarita Island. But until then, with problems like high inflation, chronic power outages and a bloody prison riot outside Caracas vexing the oil-rich South American nation, many Venezuelans are fretting about who's in charge of their government.
In fact, while Chávez convalesces in Havana, where he was visiting when he was stricken, officials in Caracas sound tongue-tied, as if they are fearful that they might appear to be usurping el comandante's powers. Vice President Elías Jaua refuses to step in as interim President, even though constitutional experts say it's required of him at this point, as it would be of the No. 2 in any country, until Chávez is back in the saddle. At the same time, with Chávez set to run for re-election next year, his older brother and political confidante Adán Chávez raised tensions on Sunday by declaring that while their United Socialist Party prefers to retain power at the ballot box, "as authentic revolutionaries, we cannot forget other forms of fighting ... including the armed struggle."
Politicians usually don't make reckless statements like that unless they're nervous and the Chavistas seem genuinely spooked about their 2012 prospects if Chávez can't run. This points to one of Venezuela's primary political ailments: Chávez has created a system that makes him indispensable. If Venezuela were the model constitutional democracy he insists it is, his government wouldn't look like a deer in the headlights right now, with all three branches seemingly gripped by indecision about how to carry on in his medical absence. Since he won the 2009 referendum that eliminated presidential term limits he lost a similar plebiscite in 2007, but in a constitutionally questionable move, he got to put the question in front of voters again two years later the subject of grooming a successor has been taboo among his supporters.


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– Cool pc games no
Citizen Sleeper is an RPG where you spend dice on actions to help you escape bounty hunters and build a new life delivering noodles while capitalism collapses around you. The brainchild of the small team of artists at Cardboard Computer, it uses magical realism to tell a bizarre tale set in rural America.
30 best PC games to play right now | GamesRadar+.The 22 best PC games to download right now – Polygon
Your rig was made to play these fantastic, best PC games from Hades to Red Dead. The 25 Best PC Games to Play Right Now · Microsoft Flight Simulator () · Sid Meier’s Civilization VI · Dota 2 · Prey () ·
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Looking for some great free PC games? Look no further. There are plenty of games out there seeking your attention, but finding the best of them at a price that’s easy on the wallet can be a little difficult, so we’re here to help. This list will help you seek out a collection of the best free PC games that are available right now across an impressive range of genres. We’ve got intricate tactical shooters, chaotic battle royales, adorable indie hits, and everything in between across established storefronts, dedicated launchers, or simply standalone downloads.
Keep it locked here if you’re looking for the best free PC games, but if you’re thinking about dropping a bit of cash on your next game, take a look at our list of the best PC games , or simply hop back in time with the best classic PC games instead.
Alternatively, if you’re just taking your first steps into PC gaming and need the hardware to back it up, here’s our advice on how to build an affordable, powerful gaming PC , or tips on where to find the best gaming laptops.
Even while we wait for Overwatch 2, Blizzard’s hero shooter remains a premium experience and that’s before you start counting up how much you’ve spent on skins. Thankfully, Paladins remains a strong alternative at a much lower price point. Blizzard fans will notice a few differences, most notably the mounts that help you get around the map, but Hi-Rez’s offering sticks remarkably close to the established formula when it comes to game modes while switching things up a little more in its large and growing roster of playable characters.
As Paladins is to Overwatch, so might you draw a comparison between Monster Hunter: World and its icy expansion and Dauntless. While Capcom’s smash-hit is a full-priced experience, Phoenix Labs’ offering conjures a similar experience for absolutely nothing. It’s not quite as broad as the long-running series that inspired it, but still offers hours of slaying, with multiple weapon types to master as you make your journey across its fractured, floating world with your party of up to six players.
Plenty of companies tried to cash in on the ‘Auto Chess’ phenomenon, but Teamfight Tactics has easily been the most successful. Riot’s effort, which uses various League of Legends characters and their extra-dimensional alternatives as its units, seems to have gone the distance, with regular updates and even a narrative element that’s weaving into LoL’s ongoing and somewhat nebulous narrative arc.
Seasonal changes can be dramatic, but a lot of attention is paid to balance, and major overhauls have kept TFT from going stale. The game mode resides within League of Legends’ client, and a battle pass and cosmetics are both available for the game’s premium currency. The Awesome Adventures of Captain Spirit was initially released as a companion narrative ahead of the arrival of Life is Strange 2, but even if you’re not familiar with Sean and Daniel’s story, this is another charming outing from Dontnod, filled with as much charm and attention to detail as any of the official games.
Focused on Chris, a young boy with a vivid imagination and a father struggling to cope with his grief, Captain Spirit offers a heartfelt standalone narrative from one of the best story-driven studios out there. Once upon a time, it might have been easy to write off Roblox as another blocky kids game just ripping off Minecraft. Not only have those days long since passed, that criticism is now entirely incorrect – as well as being a multibillion dollar title drawing in tens of millions of players every day, Roblox is slowly becoming an increasingly respected game development tool.
The most high-profile example is VVVVVV creator Terry Cavanagh’s recent foray onto the platform, but a suite of creators has been using its tools and making a decent income from them for years.
As the attention offered to it grows, Roblox’s own development could be fascinating to be a part of. Crusader Kings 3 might have replaced its older brother at the top of the Paradox pecking order, but if you’re looking for grand strategy on a budget, this is easily the best place to start. The base game, which puts you in charge of your own portion of medieval Europe, is now entirely free. War Thunder is a little more casual than the truly hardcore military sims out there, but if you’re looking for some dogfights or tank skirmishes with some genuine depth, there’s a huge degree of mastery on offer.
Fans of ground, air, and naval combat are all catered to, with a wide roster of vehicles stretching back decades from some of the world’s biggest military powers, and detailed customisation means you can pick a style to suit you and really dominate your opponents.
Paid DLC does offer a way to unlock new vehicles faster, but they can also be earned with in-game currency. The blend of football and rocket-powered RC cars might once have seemed peculiar, but after Rocket League’s arrival in , any doubts were immediately assuaged.
A premium release has since made way for a free-to-play model funded by cosmetics inspired by an increasing number of crossovers, from F1 to Jurassic Park.
As well as pixel-perfect gameplay that makes Psyonix’s offering one of the best sport games out there, a massive skill ceiling and plenty of interesting variant modes ensures that there’s enough to keep you playing for years at basically no cost. If you’ve been itching to try out the indie phenomenon but don’t fancy paying for the privilege of dying over and over and over again, the original Spelunky is a free, pixel-art predecessor to the smash hit and its recent sequel.
Controlling a fedora and bullwhip-wielding spelunker, the aim is to make it past the dangers that await in a giant, procedurally-generated cave, collecting as much treasure as you can on your way down. Despite its adorable aesthetic, however, Spelunky is hiding a dark side, with enough ways to kill you that you’ll still be learning its secrets dozens of hours in. Sadly, you won’t be able to play Super Smash Bros on PC any time soon, but there are plenty of alternative platform fighters available.
Of those, Brawlhalla is arguably the leader of the pack, with regular season updates, a huge and growing roster of fighters, and plenty of weapons and gadgets to ensure that fights always feel fresh and that there’s ample opportunity to master your favourite styles.
Cosmetic items and new characters can be purchased with premium currency, but there’s also an in-game currency to help you progress. The game that arguably kickstarted the esports craze, StarCraft II maintains a thriving competitive scene more than a decade on from its original release. Following on from the events of ‘s Brood War expansion of the original game, the sequel continues Blizzard’s epic space opera, featuring the return of its three iconic factions.
A classic narrative mixes with oceans-deep tactical gameplay to make one of the best examples of this iconic genre. The free version offers access to the entire Wings of Liberty single-player campaign, as well as the multiplayer modes, although the Heart of the Swarm and Legacy of the Void expansions are paid additions to the story. The open-ended gameplay tasks players with establishing and running a colony of dwarves within an auto-generated world with its own unique history. The original text-based graphics can be hard to parse although modded alternatives are available and the punishing nature of the world can be a turn-off, but persevere and you’ll be met with a hugely-immersive experience with a level of detail hard to match in any game that you don’t play with a D Not quite Overwatch, not quite Counter-Strike, Valorant is an intriguing blend of the tactical and hero shooter genres that manages to capture the best of both.
A diverse and growing roster of characters head into best-of round-based contest; one team tries to plant and defend the explosive ‘spike’, while the other attempts to stop them, before the roles are reversed at half time. Characters are split into multiple classes based on their combat abilities, but everyone has access to the same guns, meaning that you’ll need to master both the crisp gunplay as well as the map-changing abilities to succeed.
One of the biggest breakout hits of , a reasonable elevator pitch for Genshin Impact might describe it as ‘anime Breath of the Wild’, but that’s far from the entire picture. Its four-player combat lets you switch between characters on the fly, using their elemental magic to pull off crazy combos.
During downtime, you can explore the massive open world of Teyvat, climbing, gliding, and swimming to unlock its many secrets. The Gacha-style approach to microtransactions won’t be popular with everyone, but it doesn’t stop Genshin from being one of the most ambitious free-to-play titles on this list.
Halo’s premium Xbox heritage might once have made Halo a strange choice for a free PC game, but with the release of Infinite, the game is changing.
While the campaign will be a paid experience, Halo Infinite’s multiplayer is entirely free, offering a crisp experience that’s a little more arcade-style than something like Counter-Strike or Destiny, but certainly one of the best free FPS games out there right now.
Diablo 4 is still a long way off, but Path of Exile is likely to remain a significant contender to the dungeon-crawling throne even once it’s time to return to Sanctuary. Path of Exile’s huge skill tree and regular expansions have turned it into one of the most-played games on Steam, and it shows no signs of slowing down. Capturing the dark fantasy nature and endless loot cycles of classic ARPGs, there’s enough here to keep fans of the genre entertained for hundreds of hours, and suck newcomers in without worrying about catching up on decades of lore.
It’s hard to explain what makes Doki Doki Literature Club such an excellent visual novel without giving away what makes it so special. It starts out as a pretty standard dating sim set in the poetry club of a traditional high school, but evolves into something far more intriguing as time goes on, resulting in one of the most important and high-profile examples of its genre anywhere. And if you dip in for a second time, it’ll push the limits of the genre even more, changing the entire game around you as you play.
Most collectible card games are initially available for free, but require a pretty significant spend for those hoping to stay at the top of the ladder month after month. Legends of Runeterra, from League of Legends developer Riot Games, aims to break that cycle, offering players generous rewards and the means to acquire cards they actually want without relying on random chance.
Regular expansions add to the roster of available champions, allowing players to hone in on a playstyle that works for them, all while building on the fascinating world of Runeterra. Not just a relic of the mid-noughties, Runescape is still thriving, with both a modern-day version and an Old School alternative for those of you still hankering for the good old days of pre Both games offer tonnes of free content spread across their massive worlds, but you’ll get access to a lot more via a paid subscription.
Thankfully, Runescape makes its memberships available with in-game currency, so if you’re prepared to sink some serious time into a new MMO, this is a great way to do so for free while mastering skills from prayer to fishing, and taking on foes from humble goblins to huge, world-ending monstrosities.
Nearing its third decade, EVE Online might be one of the oldest games on this list, but it’s also one of the deepest and most ambitious experiences you can have on a PC – if you’re prepared to make a name for yourself. CCP’s huge space sim is home to one of the most fascinating communities you’ll find anywhere in the world, complete with its own economy, warring political factions, and pitched space battles that seem like they’re straight out of a Star Wars film.
Destiny 2’s base game, alongside two of its early expansions are available for free, offering access to developer Bungie’s exceptional gunplay and many of its competitive modes, as well access to a sprawling and ambitious storyline. Whether you’re looking to outshine your opponents in PvP, smash hordes of enemies in PvE, or just make sure you’ve got the shiniest space armour out there, you’ll find hundreds of hours of entertainment in Destiny 2.
The most recent iteration of Valve’s classic tactical shooter series might not be the newest kid on the block anymore, but it remains the quintessential example of the genre. There are no flashy abilities to hide behind here – success lies in your knowledge of the map and the mastery of the weapon in your hands. But while CS:GO is somewhat pared down in comparison to its new competitors, it remains one of the most clinical modern shooters out there, at an entirely unmatched price point.
Ok, it might not be Titanfall 3, but Apex Legends is a worthy alternative. Set in the same world as Respawn’s mech-based shooter, the Apex Games blend classic battle royale with the character-based skills of the hero shooter, for an end product that manages to be the best of both worlds.
After a slight lull in the wake of its epic launch, Apex is currently in a great spot, with a hugely diverse roster and a rotating schedule of three brilliantly detailed arenas. From humble beginnings, League of Legends grew quickly into one of the biggest games in the world, and has stayed there for years. The aim of the 5v5 MOBA is simple – destroy your opponents’ base, or Nexus, before they can destroy yours – but with more than champions, there’s a huge amount to learn.
That learning curve is seriously steep, so if you’re starting out, find a champion you like and master them first. Once you’re over that initial hill, however, there’s also a huge global esports scene, novels of lore, and a constantly-evolving competitive environment to get lost in. Premium currency can help you unlock new characters faster, but is mostly reserved for cosmetics.
Fortnite might not be at the peak of its power anymore, but it’s impossible to deny the phenomenal impact that Epic’s battle royale has had. After a swift pivot away from the original Save the World, Fortnite became a family-friendly alternative to the rapidly-growing last-man-standing genre, complete with its iconic building mechanic. Since then, it’s set a new benchmark for the pace of change for evolving games, with an ever-deepening narrative, ambitious crossover events, and in-game virtual concerts that draw in audiences in the millions.
Premium currency ‘V-bucks’ is reserved solely for cosmetic purchases. I’m GamesRadar’s news editor, working with the team to deliver breaking news from across the industry. I started my journalistic career while getting my degree in English Literature at the University of Warwick, where I also worked as Games Editor on the student newspaper, The Boar.
As you might be able to tell, PC is my platform of choice, so you can regularly find me playing League of Legends or Steam’s latest indie hit. Total Film. Ali Jones opens in new tab. More about pc. Halo Infinite’s next Drop Pod simplifies helmet customization and brin The Sandman season 1, episode 4 review, recap, and analysis: ‘A Hope I See comments.
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The PC gaming landscape has shifted in recent years, both in terms of technological advancements on graphics cards and gaming monitors and gams the makeup of IGN’s PC gaming cool pc games no and contributors. As a result, outside of some где logic pro x 10.4 systemanforderungen free download честно stalwarts, our list of the best modern PC games is substantially different compared to years past.
No, this is gamss list of 25 games that we, the IGN editors and contributors, collectively recommend the most, based on our tastes, and all from within the читать далее 10 years. Microsoft Flight Simulator is the ckol thing we’ve nno to a near-perfect recreation of the real world in the virtual space, and new updates keep inching it even closer.
Gmaes real-time Bing data to allow you to fly to and from cool pc games no place on the entire planet has raised the bar cokl simulations to heights never seen before. Accessible to anyone, or as realistic as you want, this is open-world at its most literal.
Нажмите чтобы прочитать больше around the globe, participating in landing challenges at some of the world’s most famously difficult airports, or just sightseeing, Microsoft Flight Simulator is an unparalleled achievement. Don’t forget to grab one of the best PC joysticks to make this flight-sim experience that more immersive.
Microsoft Flight Simulator’s 40th Anniversary Edition comes to PC this November as a free update, adding посетить страницу источник airports and historical planes. But /23611.txt, a distinctive approach to city building in which major structures like specialized districts and Wonders are placed on their own tiles gives it a fresh flavor, and the climate change mechanics add new long-term environmental considerations throughout and hazards that manifest in the late game.
MOBAs have earned a reputation for being dense and difficult to learn, but immensely strategic for those who put gsmes the time.
Because every second matters, matches are always exciting even when they seem slow. Gammes you farming gold? Are you scouting the enemy? Or crossing the map to help out a teammate? Or heading back to cool pc games no to heal? Its complexity can scare players продолжить чтение, but those who stick through it will be rewarded with some of the most strategic gameplay around.
Вот ссылка games will ggames you fear for your life upon encountering the most mundane of inanimate objects the mo Prey does — and fewer still will then give you the power to become those objects yourself. Developer Arkane Austin is now working on the co-op vampire shooter Redfalldue out in the first half of The marvelous PC port overhauled and further enhanced the gorgeous wild western atmosphere of Rockstar’s most recent clol adventure and added even more activities, unlockables, and impossibly fine details to its expansive map.
It’s possibly one of the biggest cool pc games no best single-player PC games ever and it has an extensive multiplayer mode too. RDR2 on PC is handily a must-play for anyone with a rig beefy enough to run it. Red Dead 2 cracked the top five on our updated list of the best open-world games. Rockstar, meanwhile, recently announced it’s moving development resources away from Red Dead Online to focus on GTA 6.
Just like its main location, the Oldest House, much more lies beneath the surface of Control, pd its mysteries are worth fully exploring. Also, the PC is currently the only place to play with ray tracing enabled, giving the world a more realistic and yet more otherworldly appearance. Remedy hames now working on several new projects, including a Control multiplayer game, the long-awaited Alan Wake 2a free-to-play co-op shooter codenamed Vanguardand remakes of Cooll Payne 1 and 2.
Gamfs that time, no other game has successfully managed to replicate its masterful combination of RPG mechanics, a satisfying gameplay loop, beautifully mellow music, and an ever-growing list of things to do as you while away your time in pastoral paradise. The creator of Stardew Valley is now working on a brand new sim called Haunted Chocolatier. With 48 gqmes characters and cool pc games nothree massive main areas to подробнее на этой странице, and significant events and activities for mid- to late-game players monthly, Genshin Impact is one of the most impressive free-to-play games out there — both in terms of activities and general quality.
In addition to its story-based campaign, there are plenty of great side quests, companion character events, and side stories that offer a nice chance to better get to know characters, solve puzzles, hunt down collectibles, and participate in limited-time events. Even when you’ve reached the end of what’s available of the ever-growing story, there are boss battles and world activities you can play online with friends, stats and weapon optimizations for leveling your acquired playable characters, and clol more.
Though the late-game does tend to be more of a grind due to some of the randomness bames character builds require and there are other sporadic balance issues, Genshin Impact is generally a joy throughout. Thankfully, the gatcha or system by which you randomly draw rewards with premium currency in hopes of getting a better weapon or character system isn’t too invasive and it’s not difficult to earn premium currency without paying.
Sure, it can take cool pc games no while to gamee enough to get a guaranteed 5-star character, but it’s absolutely possible to do and you’ll likely earn other characters along coo, way. Rockstar has finally confirmed GTA 6 is in development.
Driving games are a long-running, important, and respected force gamea the story of video games, but it takes a special one to completely seize the cool pc games no of both the car-obsessed and the automotively illiterate so successfully. By that measure, Forza Horizon 5 is truly special.
Whether you want to agonise ganes car builds and carve away milliseconds from your race times, or just want to cruise around and crash into a cactus or two hundredit has you covered. We awarded it an 8, calling the DLC “an essential expansion for new and returning Forza fans. No game simulates the feeling of being in command of a starship flying by the seat of your pants like FTL: Faster Than Light. It’s cool pc games no game you shouldn’t expect to survive — more likely, you’ll be blasted out of the sky by a vastly superior enemy ship or boarded by a death squad of giant killer insects who massacre your crew.
Maybe your life-support system will be hacked and everyone will suffocate. Its cool pc games no combat never gets old, tons of loot and random gamea keep every gqmes feeling unpredictable, ocol unlockable ships force you to tames up your strategies on subsequent runs.
And every nl often, you might even win. In a roguelike, variety is king: Slay The Spire ‘s constantly changing decks of ability cards, powerful relics, and the three drastically different playable characters keeps agmes turn-based battles fresh and engaging for far longer than they have any right to.
Watching your character’s attacks, defenses, skills, and powers evolve across its three chapters is a journey, and throwing your hand in at the end of a run knowing you may never see its like again can be like saying goodbye to a friend you на этой странице only just getting to know. Of course, the possibility читать getting an even better pv the next time through makes it tough to resist hitting cool pc games no New Game button, and the randomized Daily Climb runs give even veterans a new and interesting way to play every day.
Inspired by the gunplay and movement from Respawn’s acclaimed Titanfall 2Apex also implemented Overwatch-style character abilities, which made it feel completely distinct from the other major players in the genre. While Apex is out on PlayStation, Xbox, and now Switch and mobile, on PC Apex feels the most fluid and natural as it gives us the freedom to fully gqmes on cool pc games no range of movement it offers. It also has Cool pc games no Arenas cool a permanent mode как сообщается здесь emulates round-based matches like those in Valorant, where you can buy your abilities and weapons before each round and features 3v3 matchups.
And with its consistent pace of updates cokl three to four months, Apex Legends stands out as one of the best free-to-play PC games, year after year. Apex Legends: Hunted, the shooter’s next major update coming August 9, introduces a new character named Vantage.
This reinvention of the classic series is truly fantastic, all the way from its excellent and challenging combat to the incredibly touching story that weaves it together. It masterfully mixes pieces of classic cRPGs with more modern mechanics and designs, feeling old and new at the fames time. The sequel has gajes upon its predecessor’s already incredible combat by deepening its systems while simultaneously simplifying and smoothing out its clunkier bits здесь not to mention it introduced some brutally smart new AI.
There’s also cool pc games no overwhelming amount of cool pc games no here to play. With six different origin characters, custom /23106.txt to make your own, and over 74, lines of fully voiced dialogue, this massive RPG has more than enough to keep you coming back to it.
Through its relaunch and subsequent four expansions, Cool pc games no has slowly morphed from a relatively generic good-versus-evil plot into a sprawling, political, and fantastical thriller.
Story missions are intended to be tackled solo, and even instanced dungeons now have an option for you to enter with cool pc games no party members instead of forcing you into a group with strangers. Series fans may also be interested in Final Fantasy 16 and Final Fantasy 7 Rebirthdue out in Summer and Winterrespectively. From its exhilarating combat, cool pc games no its incredible cool pc games no, to its clever and well written narrative with characters that seemingly never run out of meaningful things to say, all the way to its deep and innovative gxmes game that keeps you wanting to come back for more ocol after beating the last boss.
Hades is incredibly difficult, but it never feels punishing in defeat. Dying is part of the game, and actually comes with its own rewards in the form of new conversations with its fascinating cast of characters, ckol opportunities to purchase game changing upgrades, and an opportunity for a brand new run with a completely new set of godly boons that dramatically alter how you approach combat. Every 22 minutes, everything ends — and restarts again. The ciol that had passed between twin planets go back to ваще.
windows 10 hibernate vs sleep free очень original place, a planet that had fallen apart becomes gaames, and you awaken to see a mysterious object in space break apart once again. In Outer Wildsyou live through those same 22 minutes until you читать далее successfully solve the puzzle of why you’re stuck in the time loop, among other mysteries, by exploring ruins left by a long-dead civilization across multiple planets.
This gorgeous, heartfelt space adventure is one of the best examples of video game exploration and discovery. Outer Wilds encourages you to hop into your spaceship and go wherever you want — or just stay on your home planet and see what’s happening there.
Should you feel lost or need a hint on coll to do cool pc games no, all of your cp and progress are saved to your ship’s log, which helpfully tells you when there’s still more to discover in an area. The only thing limiting your curiosity is cool pc games no, but even that can sometimes be your ally. The short expansion’s puzzles are just as enjoyable as what you’ll find in the rest of Outer Wilds, but the pervasive, menacing tension in Echoes of the Eye makes each step forward in the overall mystery feel even more rewarding.
Its sprawling caves open up and offer multiple paths to you at any given time, but coop matter which way you go there are exciting bosses to fight and significant power-ups to make you stronger. And even though it was already a massive game, Hollow Knight has only gotten bigger since its launch in early Developer Team Cherry released multiple free updates with new areas and bosses, each harder than the last.
But whether you just want to yames to the credits, find the true ending, or push even farther gamed that, Hallownest is a world worth exploring. A sequel, Hollow Knight: Silksongwill seemingly be released sometime before June Crusader Kings 3 coop you many ways to tell those stories, be it overwhelming military might, the diplomacy of a well-placed betrothal, or ending your enemies with a cloak-and-dagger plot.
The latest expansion, Royal Court, adds a zoomed-in physical space where your ruler can look their subjects in the eye, passing down individual judgements in addition to making realm-wide decrees. The expansion also weaves an intricate overhauled culture system throughout the game, giving you more opportunities to make your empire feel unique, with all the benefits and penalties that entails. Its world is a wonder fames explore, with memorable experiences, valuable по этому адресу, and imposing boss fights covering nearly every square inch увидеть больше its absolutely enormous map.
The only thing that holds it back on this list is the fact that coo, still struggles a bit performance-wise on the PC. On top of being IGN’s best-reviewed game ofElden Ring is one of the best-reviewed games in modern history. As well as transplanting the dice-rolls and deep dialogue options from Dungeons and Dragons into a lesser-seen noir-detective setting, it offers entirely original ways to play, such as such as debating against 24 different sections of your own brain, each representative of a different skill or trait.
Your down-and-out detective is thrust into circumstances where you must solve a murder, but with all great stories its not the conclusion that is solely gratifying, but the journey you took to get there as its ludicrously detailed world and cast of characters drive it along, supported by some of the best writing seen in a game. It has the same tension of going cool pc games no a technologically inferior underdog to powerful war machine, with the constant threat of the permanent death of your customized soldiers looming over every decision.
However, it turns the cpol of defending Earth from alien invaders col its head by boldly recasting XCOM coll a guerrilla force attempting to liberate the planet from alien occupation, making the situation feel even more desperate than cool pc games no.
This bigger, deeper sequel adds not just complexity in the form of new and more powerful soldier classes, equipment, and aliens, but also a huge focus on replayability. Procedurally generated maps keep you lc falling into a repeatable pattern in tactical missions, frequent random events on the strategic map shake up your build and research orders, and of course mods galore.
The “visually and technically enhanced” version of The Witcher 3 will now be released during Q4 Just as the first Half-Life proved you could tell a compelling story in a cool pc games no game without taking control of the camera away, pv Half-Life 2 pioneered physics-based puzzles and combat, Half-Life: Alyx set a new standard for polish in virtual reality shooters and is a truly unique experience.
Alyx’s full-length campaign pulls out all the stops for cool pc games no amazing and horrifying cool pc games no against aliens and zombies where the simple act of reloading your weapon becomes a desperate life-or-death struggle as headcrabs leap toward your actual face. Other VR games have great shooting, but even more than a year later nothing has yet matched Valve’s level of detail.
Clever three-dimensional puzzles and ggames and often funny performances from its cast break up the action, and cool pc games no all capped off with a fantastic ending that made the decade-plus we had to wait for the third coming of Half-Life almost feel worth it. Coming off a relatively slow July, let’s look ahead to the first half of Cool pc games no. Two days later, Iron Galaxy will release its free-to-play, wrestling-inspired battle royale Rumbleverse. PC players can then look forward to Rollerdrome, a “third-person shooter-skater game” from the makers of OlliOlli Worldon August Those are our picks for the 25 best cool pc games no PC games!
Let us know in the comments what’s on your list that didn’t make ours, and be sure to check out our other best games lists — we update them whenever new, great games are made:.

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MOSCOW (AP) — When Lenin had a thirst for revolution, this is not what he had in mind.
Fans attending Sunday's World Cup final between France and Croatia will pass a huge statue of the Bolshevik Revolution's leader as they enter the Luzhniki Stadium. Abutting the rear of the monument is a Budweiser concession stand with a sign proclaiming: "Drink smart today — celebrate tomorrow."
Not exactly "no freedom can satisfy the masses suffering from hunger," as Lenin wrote in 1917.
"I think that Lenin has rolled over in his grave so many times in the last 25 years that there's probably friction burns on his corpse," said Keith A. Darden, associate professor in the school of international service at American University in Washington.
On the front side of the sculpture sits another stand topped by a Visa advertisement, filled with World Cup licensed merchandise that include hoodies for 6,000 rubles ($96).
"Lenin would not like it one bit," said Sergei Antonov, an assistant professor in the Yale history department who specializes in Russia and the Soviet Union after 1800 and the global history of capitalism.
Constructed in 1955-56, the venue originally was called Central Lenin Stadium. Its appellation was the nom de guerre of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, leader of the October 1917 revolution. Lenin's 26-foot (8-meter) bronze sculpture was created by Matvey Manizer for Expo 58 in Brussels, where it was installed in front of the Soviet Union pavilion. It was moved to the stadium in 1960 and placed atop a polished granite pedestal almost as tall as the statue.
Site of the 1980 Olympics that the United States boycotted following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the stadium hosted a 1982 UEFA Cup match between Spartak Moscow and Haarlem at which 66 spectators died in a stampede.
The venue was renamed Luzhniki Stadium in 1992, a year after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the new name is the Russian word for meadows. The 2008 Champions League final and 2013 track and field world championships were held there, and an almost entirely new stadium was built on the site for the World Cup, one without a track.
The path to the stadium from the Sportivnaya Metro station is filled with displays erected by FIFA partners and sponsors.
"Under the socialism, capitalism mixed together," Gustavo Briseno, a 35-year-old fan from Mexico City said by the statue before a group stage match.
In Red Square, about 5 miles (8 kilometers) from the stadium and a short distance from Lenin's tomb, FIFA and local organizers opened a temporary Football Park with games and amusement rides — and abundant corporate signage. It is near a string of boutiques for the haute bourgeoisie that include Cartier, Hermes, Tiffany and Versace.
"Lots of sort of stark contrasts," said Mauricio Borrero, an associate professor in history at New York's St. John's University who is working on a biography of Soviet goalkeeper Lev Yashin. "Certainly the disparity, the contrast between the very wealthy people and the ones who sort of barely get by, that's something that bothered him back in the early 20th century, would certainly bother him again.
"I think one thing you saw in the Soviet years was there wasn't such a huge gap between the very wealthy and the very powerful and most of the people. It's not that those disparities did not exist, it's just that they weren't visible."
Antonov, who grew up in Moscow and moved to the U.S. in 1992, said commerce involving small business survived through most of the communist era.
"They weren't always treated very well, and there were all kinds of restrictions, but the idea was always there," he said. "Private enterprise would be allowed in some form or other."
Darden said the long-term impact of the World Cup may be to partly change the view of the nation held by those who visited.
"I think there's a tendency to think of Russia as this sort of gray dictatorship with bread lines and misery, sort of the babushka with her broom as the symbol of this country," he said. "Russia is in fact stereotyped, so people who traveled to Russia confronted a much more complex, dynamic society than the version they get on television."
More AP World Cup coverage: https://apnews.com/tag/WorldCup
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domain: news


text:
Since I'm trying to find some new ways to stay healthy, I'm trying the Paleo lifestyle for a period of time... When it comes to adjusting your food there's both pros and cons... The pros are that I feel healthy, I don't starv myself, I don't go hungry and there are a lot of exciting recipes I can try (both main courses and desserts) :) On the downside comes the cost... Almond flour cost a lot more than APF and some of the other ingredients are not a staple in my house so it cost some money to fill my cupboard with the right stuff...
So... Enough is enough - here is the "original Cracker challenge recipe" followed by the one I made... Enjoy!
INGREDIENTS THAT ARE REPLACED WITH ORIGINAL:
· Vinegar (instead of cream of tartar)
· APF (instead of Pasta flour)
PREPARATION TIME: 20 minutes (excluding overnight refrigeration)
BAKING TIME: 10-12 minutes (I made them, like four batches)
YIELD: 40-45 crackers
· ¾ cup of all purpose flour
· Pinch of salt
· Pinch of Baking soda
· 2-3 drops of vinegar
· ½ tsp sugar
· ¼ cup lukewarm water
· 1 and ½ tsp active dry yeast
· 3 tbspn water
· 1 tbspn butter
· 1 tbspn oil
For the topping
· 1 tsp sea salt
· 1 tbspn dry herbs (You could also prefer any seasoning, or any specific herb)
Bring last three ingredients (water, butter and oil) to boil, in an vessel. Stir till butter is melted, keep aside. Cool them till they are lukewarm.
Mix yeast with lukewarm water and sugar, keep aside.
In an separate bowl, take the dry ingredients together like flour, salt, soda. To this add vinegar and gently mix through. Now add in yeast mixture, by making and well and mix. After yeast is mixed well, pour our lukewarm wet ingredients and mix to form a soft, sticky dough
Transfer this dough to an greased dry vessel and cover with an cling wrap. Refrigerate overnight.
After an overnight resting, dough wont double as such, but still an ‘little’ rise is okay. Bring this to room temperature and keep them over the working table dusting with excess of flour.
Fold them through left half vertically. Repeat the same through right side, till this resembles an ‘envelope’. Pre-heat the oven to 200 degree Celsius.
Turn them to 90 degree and start rolling. This folding and rolling is done, in order to get an flaky cracker, the ones you see in commercially known Britannia 50-50, Monaco etc.
I rolled them, till I got an very thin sheet. About, 34 *20 cm. You can forget about measurements, also the shape, here, but remember to get an very thin sheet.
I cut them horizontal and vertical lines, with 4 cm as an apt length for each of my salting cracker. Spread topping uniformly and press them with help of rolling pin under an baking sheet, in order to stick the topping over crackers.Cut them over the drawn line, place in baking sheet and make holes using grilling stick/toothpick. Be careful when you separate them, these crackers will be sticky.Bake them in pre-heated oven for ten to twelve minutes. Watch them closely, as they can easily burn or brown, remove from oven till edges are slightly brown and cool over wire rack completely.
GRAIN FREE PALEO ALMOND CRACKERS
1 cup almond flour
1 egg white
1 pinch salt
Preheat the oven to 325 degrees.
In a bowl, mix together the almond flour, egg white, and salt until it forms a paste.
Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper. Make sure you use parchment paper, because if you don't you'll end up chipping your crackers out of the pan. Place the dough in the middle and top with another piece of parchment paper. Using a rolling pin (or any other cylindrical instrument), roll out the dough as thin as you can get it. Try to make it take up the whole cookie sheet if you can. Super thin. I mean it!
Peel off the top layer of paper and score the dough with a knife into whatever size crackers you want. Bake in the 325 oven for 10 minutes and then check on the crackers. You are looking for them to color ever so slightly. A little color means crispy, but a lot of color means burned nut taste, which is no good. If the edges have started to color nicely, remove them to a plate and put the remaining crackers back in the oven. Keep doing this, checking every 5 minutes and removing the golden crackers, until finally they are all baked to perfection.
Cool completely and store in an airtight container.
You can make many variations on thee crackers by adding in different seasonings to the dough base. I used sea salt and poppy seeds.

domain: food


text:
from 3098.76 RUB – Apartment
from 3500 RUB – Apartment
ulitsa naberezhnaya Admirala Serebryakova 25 353900, Novorossiysk
ulitsa naberezhnaya Admirala Serebryakova 21 353900, Novorossiysk
24 ulitsa Mira 353900, Novorossiyka
Ulitsa Gubernskogo 52 apt 12 353900, Novorossiysk
* Wszystkie odległości są mierzone w linie prostej, od Twojego punktu do celu.
All bookings are confirmed instantly. No waiting, no email exchanges, no confusion.
Located in Novorossiysk, Apartments at Naberezhnaya Admirala Serebryakova 21 №2 offers self-catering accommodation with free WiFi. The property boasts views of the sea and is 400 metres from Tsentralny Stadium.
The kitchen is equipped with an oven, a microwave and a fridge, as well as a kettle. A flat-screen TV with cable channels is provided.
The nearest airport is Gelendzhik Airport, 23 km from Apts Admirala Serebryakova 21 №2.
Please note that the property provides confirmation documents for business trips.
Children 10 years and older are welcome.
Guests are required to show a Russian passport upon check-in.
Please note that an additional refundable deposit is required at check-in and will be returned upon departure. Please note that the check-in and key-collection take place at: , . Please inform Apartments at Naberezhnaya Admirala Serebryakova 21 №2 in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. A security deposit of RUB 3000 is required upon arrival for incidentals. This deposit is fully refundable upon check-out and subject to a damage inspection of the accommodation. Payment before arrival via bank transfer is required. The property will contact you after you book to provide instructions.
Stovetop, Dining area, Refrigerator, Tea/Coffee Maker, Electric kettle, Kitchenware, Microwave, Oven, Kitchen
Air Conditioning, Wardrobe/Closet, Ironing Facilities, Clothes rack, Desk, Private entrance, Iron, Mosquito net, Heating, Sofa
TV, Flat-screen TV, Cable Channels
View, Sea view
This apartment features a electric kettle, air conditioning and sofa.
After booking, all of the hotel’s details, including telephone and email address, are provided in the online booking confirmation, confirmation email.
, Non-smoking throughout, Non-smoking rooms, Air conditioning, Heating, Adult only,
Street parking, Secured parking, Accessible parking, Airport shuttle, Parking garage, Airport shuttle (additional charge),
Kids' outdoor play equipment,
WiFi is available in the hotel rooms and is free of charge.
Free public parking is possible on site (reservation is not needed).
From 14:00 Until 22:00 hours
Until 12:00 hours
All children are welcome.
There is no capacity for extra beds in the room.
Pets are not allowed.
This property only accepts cash payments.
Our hotel reviews will help you find the best deal in the right location.
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Website in English and 17 other languages

domain: travel


text:
Behavior problems of children with Down syndrome and life events
Author(s):, , , , ,
Journal/Book: J Autism Dev Disord. 1999; 29: 233 Spring St, New York, NY 10013, USA. Plenum Publ Corp. 149-156.
Abstract: Behavior problems of 44 children with Down syndrome between the ages of 6 and 15 and 44 controls without mental retardation matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status were compared on the basis of mother and teacher ratings. Ratings from both sources indicated that children with Down syndrome had more behavior problems, in particular attention deficit, noncompliance, thought disorder, and social withdrawal. Life events from the past year were significantly associated with mother but not teacher ratings of Down syndrome behavior problems.
Note: Article Coe DA, Miami Childrens Hosp, 3100 SW 62 Ave, Miami,FL 33155 USA
Keyword(s): Down syndrome; behavior problems; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; RETARDED-CHILDREN; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; ETIOLOGIC FACTORS; ADOLESCENTS; ADJUSTMENT; AUTISM; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DISORDERS; DISEASES

domain: medical


text:
LAHORE: A 35-year-old woman was killed by her brother for not giving money for drugs in the Chuhng police area on Thursday. The victim was identified as Farida Bibi. On the day of the incident, the accused got infuriated when his sister refused to give him money for buying drugs. He whipped out his weapon and shot at her to death. Police shifted the body to the morgue and registered a case against the accused on the complaint of the victim’s husband.
Accidents: Around eight persons were killed in different road accidents across the Punjab province during the last 24 hours. The Punjab Emergency Service Department responded to 1,147 road traffic accidents in all 37 districts of Punjab during the last 24 hours. In these accidents, eight people died, whereas 1,216 were injured. Around 636 persons having serious injuries were shifted to different hospitals. Whereas, 580 injured were treated on the spot by Rescue medical teams.
Youth dies: A 17-year-old youth died in hospital on Thursday, a few hours after he was found unconscious lying near Qila Gujar Singh. The victim was identified as Abuzar. Police shifted the body to the morgue.
hit to death: A girl died and other injured when a high-speed van went out of control and collided with a motorcycle on Lahore Ring Road Thursday. The victim identified as Mahnoor Fatima died on the spot while her classmate Muskan was seriously injured. The injured girl was shifted to hospital. Police said that Mahnoor’s friend Muskan was driving the motorcycle when a speeding Mazda van hit the bike from behind, as a result of which, Mahnoor Fatima died on the spot. Both the girls were neighbours and medical students. Body was shifted to the morgue.
Source: The News


text:
via The Drawing Center.
The Drawing Center, $5.00, via here....
The first English translation by Richard Sieburth of Henri Michaux's poem Emergences/Resurgences. Introduction by Catherine de Zegher.
"In recent years, Michaux has devoted most of his talents to painting. That, for him, is another form of exorcism. He has said that he can better express himself through this medium. Many of his books include original drawings and paintings.
Michaux is a poet of unique style, one that is particularly difficult to pinpoint. He most closely resembles the surrealists, but cannot even accurately be grouped with them. Frederic Sepher pointed out that much of his poetry reads like short stories, although most of it does rhyme. He stated that while Michaux is probably the "least lyric of all contemporary French poets," and employs few metaphors, "he is brilliantly imaginative, inventive and rythmic. He even verges on the musical in his haunting, desperate litanies with their repetitions and developments."
Untitled Passages by Henri MichauxWritings by Henri Michaux, essays by John Ashbury, Raymond Bellour,
"Henri Michaux (24 May 1899 - 18 October 1984) was a highly idiosyncratic Belgian-born poet, writer, and painter who wrote in the French language. He later took French citizenship. Michaux is best known for his esoteric books written in a highly accessible style, and his body of work includes poetry, travelogues, and art criticism. Michaux travelled widely, tried his hand at several careers, and experimented with drugs, the latter resulting in two of his most intriguing works, Miserable Miracle and The Major Ordeals of the Mind and the Countless Minor Ones."
Laurent Jenny, Florian Rodari and Richard Sieburth.
Edited by Catherine de Zegher.
-----this book here...
via the poetry foundation

domain: library


text:
The Iron Brigade was one of the most celebrated military organizations of the American Civil War.
The Iron Brigade was one of the most celebrated military organizations of the American Civil War. Composed originally of the 2nd, 6th and 7th Wisconsin and 19th Indiana Volunteer Infantry regiments, it was reinforced after Antietam in October 1862 by the 24th Michigan Volunteer Infantry. Battery B of the 4th U.S. Artillery was also attached to the brigade for much of the war and volunteers from the infantry regiments were selected and trained to serve the battery. In the first weeks at Washington in 1861, the provisional brigade included the 5th Wisconsin and Governor Alexander Williams Randall of Wisconsin had hoped to form an all-Wisconsin unit. But when the 7th Wisconsin arrived at the war front in August 1861, the Army transferred the 5th Wisconsin from the brigade instead of the 19th Indiana. Of the four regiments remaining only the 2nd Wisconsin had arrived at Washington early enough to fight at First Bull Run.
The commander was Brigadier General Rufus King of Milwaukee. Born in New York City, he was the son of Charles King, one-time president of Columbia College, and named for his grandfather, Rufus King, a delegate for Massachusetts to the Continental Congress and Constitutional Convention. The younger King graduated from Columbia and then enrolled in the U.S. Military Academy, finishing in the top of his class of 1833. He resigned from the army in 1836 to work as an associated editor for two New York State newspapers, the Albany Evening Journal, and the Albany Advertiser, and served a time as commander of the Albany Burgess Corps described as “one of the most renowned volunteer militia organizations” of that day. He left New York State in 1845 to become part proprietor and editor of the Milwaukee Sentinel and Gazette (later the Milwaukee Daily Sentinel)—a post he held until 1859. In March 1861, King was appointed by President Lincoln as Minister to the Papal States, but with the news of Fort Sumter, he quit the federal appointment and offered his services to Governor Randall. King served in several capacities organizing Wisconsin regiments before being commissioned as a brigadier general first in Wisconsin and then by President Abraham Lincoln who named him to his subsequent post in the national army. King’s new brigade was at first assigned to work on the defenses covering the Capitol.
It was a unique organization from the very first days because all the regiments were from states on the nation’s frontier and it was the only all-Western infantry brigade in the Eastern armies. It was not until after Gettysburg that the sectional makeup of the unit was lost with the addition of Eastern regiments to reinforce and rebuild the organization.
As did many of the early Federal regiments, the Wisconsin units and Indiana organizations arrived at Washington in uniforms of state militia grey. In the coming weeks the uniforms were slowly replaced. The changeover started in late summer 1861 first in the various companies of the ragged and needy 2nd Wisconsin which was still equipped as it was at first Bull Run with grey uniforms. The first issue included dark blue wool trousers, a blue wool, nine-button frock coat, and the Model 1858 black felt hat, all of the kind worn by the Regular Army. “The boys no longer look like beggars, with ventilated suits of clothing, but present a very neat, tidy and soldier-like appearance,” one Badger reported in October. As the changeover occurred, state uniforms, except for pants and overcoats, were ordered packed and boxed for return to Wisconsin.
The Model 1858 Hardee dress hat made the best impression. It was a showy black felt affair, looped up on the side with a brass eagle and trimmed with an infantry-blue cord, black plume, brass infantry bugle, company letter and regimental numeral. “We have a full blue suit, a fine black hat nicely trimmed with bugle and plate and ostrich feathers, a 7th Wisconsin man wrote home, “and you can only distinguish our boys from the regulars, by their [our] good looks.” The black hats made the tall Westerners look even taller, and subsequently made the brigade recognizable to friend and foe on both sides of the battle line. At Gettysburg, for example, in the very opening of the infantry fighting on July 1, 1863, Confederates on seeing them called out, “There are those damned Black Hats of the Army of the Potomac.”
Of more far reaching consequence during the winter period of 1861 and 1862 was attachment of Battery B of the 4th U.S. Artillery to King’s Brigade. It was one of the most famous organizations of the old army and one of thirty-six artillery companies (the “companies” officially became “batteries” in 1861) created in the artillery reorganization of 1821. Battery men fought as dragoons in the Seminole War and served with distinction as artillery at Monterrey and Buena Vista during the war with Mexico. It was stationed at Camp Floyd, Utah, for the Mormon Uprising and was serving as cavalry escorts to guard the Pony Express route. With the firing on Fort Sumter, the battery was ordered to move overland to Fort Leavenworth in Kansas and then traveled by rail to Washington. The unit was equipped with six Model 1857 muzzle-loading 12-pound bronze smoothbores, often called “Napoleons,” or “Light Twelves” to distinguish them from an earlier model. The December 1861 roll showed Battery B with three lieutenants and forty-seven enlisted men and it was at that time that Captain John Gibbon, a West Pointer and the battery commander, went to the volunteer infantry regiments to fill the ranks of his gunners. The captain, along with two battery officers, carefully picked the men choosing only two, three or four from each of the various companies. Those selected became among the best artillerymen in the Army of the Potomac.
When King was promoted to division command in May 1862 Gibbon was made a brigadier general of volunteers and given command of the Western Brigade. At the time, the change caused only a minor stir as attention was focused on the long awaited order moving the brigade from Washington to Fredericksburg, Virginia, and the movement of the main army to the Confederate capital at Richmond. The Western brigade was to be held with a force at Fredericksburg to protect Washington and poised for a possible move on Richmond as part of Major General George Brinton McClellan’s offensive. But the assignment left a growing desperate worry in the Western ranks they might never join McClellan’s army at Richmond and the war might soon be over. In his journal, one Wisconsin officer wrote: “General McClellan presses steadily on to Richmond. We are left out in the wet.”
Gibbon, meantime, began gathering up the reins of his new brigade. His first moves tightening the discipline were not greeted with enthusiasm. The new general was a regular and West Pointer, after all, and the volunteers were distrustful of regulars and their old army manner. Especially upset was Colonel Solomon Meredith of the 19th Indiana, who had made known his own ambition to win brigade promotion. Volunteers should be commanded by volunteer officers, he told anyone who would listen, and he began a letter writing campaign to his powerful friends in Indiana and Washington to see what might be done. Gibbon realized he faced a daunting challenge in bringing his brigade to readiness and had found during the Mexican War, much like his friend, McClellan, that volunteer troops tended to be frisky and undisciplined. The Wisconsin and Indiana men had been in service almost a year, but he found the relationship between enlisted man and volunteer officer was still casual and discipline not consistent.
Gibbon was an unusual case. Born in Pennsylvania in 1827 into the family of a physician, he grew up in North Carolina and it was from that state that he entered West Point, graduating in the Class of 1847. He was assigned to the artillery and saw duty in the war with Mexico and against the Seminole Indians in Florida before he returned to the U.S. Military Academy as an artillery instructor from 1854 to 1859. He won some attention in 1859 for publication of his highly regarded Artillerist’s Manual. He left West Point when he was promoted captain and joined Battery B at its duty post at Camp Floyd in the Utah Territory. With the start of the Civil War, despite his North Carolina roots and even though three brothers went into the Confederate service, Gibbon stayed with the Union. When his battery joined the army outside Washington, he served for a time as Major General Irvin McDowell’s chief of artillery before taking the infantry promotion.
Gibbon, who later was credited with making his brigade efficient and well-trained, was familiar with the Westerners because of their ongoing association with his regulars in the ranks of Battery B. “The first marked feature I noted with these men was their quick intelligence,” he wrote in his memoir. “It was only necessary to explain a thing but once or twice to enable them to catch the idea and then with a little practice they became perfect.” Gibbon proved a competent professional who, to his credit, had the intelligence to recognize that his volunteers could not be handled in the same fashion as the regulars.
His first efforts did not win favor in the ranks. One Wisconsin private reported: “We are reduced to strict military subordination, and Gen. Gibbon is bound to make regulars of us.” One of the general’s first orders required each soldier take a bath once a week; another instituted a “daily review at what seemed to us an unwarrantably early hour in the morning—5 o’clock, I think—to be followed immediately at its close by the drinking of a cup of hot coffee by each member of the brigade whether he liked it or not.” Regimental officers who had been not attending the early morning roll call were now required to do so. Following an inspection of the 19th Indiana camp, he forced the Hoosiers to completely realign the tents on their company streets according to regulations. “The impression in relation to our new Brigadier, on first sight, is rather unfavorable,” a Hoosier wrote in his diary.
Gibbon was also upset with the uneven appearance of his regiments. Uniforms still varied from company to company with some soldiers in caps and others in the tall black felt dress hats of the regulars. Trousers varied from dark blue to sky blue. The transition actually began before he took command when Colonel Lysander Cutler of the 6th Wisconsin, then acting brigade commander, decided to make the Model 1858 dress hat a consistent item for all the soldiers. Gibbon now took the uniform matter a step further and required all soldiers in his command be issued the felt hats and the nine-button dark blue frock coat of the regulars along with white linen leggings and cotton white gloves. His order also required each soldier be supplied with two shirts, two pairs of trousers, two pairs of cotton drawers, two pairs of shoes, and two pairs of gray wool stockings, in addition to the other accoutrements. If the additions were first greeted with “the greatest merriment,” there was loud grumbling when it was discovered that the cost of the gloves and leggings would come out of the soldier clothing allowances. Lieutenant Colonel Lucius Fairchild of the 2nd Wisconsin outfitted a soldier as required and found the entire outfit weighed 85 pounds. Field service soon reduced the clothing carried by the soldiers.
In a series of changes ordered after McClellan stalled outside Richmond, the brigade was transferred to the newly formed Army of Virginia under Major General John Pope and began a series of marches in August 1862 in attempts to locate a Confederate force under Major General Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson, which had left Richmond and was operating in central Virginia. It was while marching quietly along the Warrenton Turnpike near the old battlefield of Bull Run that the brigade was attacked by Jackson’s force in a battle the soldiers called Gainesville, but which is now known as Brawner’s Farm. The fighting began in late afternoon of August 28, 1862, and resulted in a stand-up battle at ranges of seventy yards as both sides stood in an open field. It only ended when it became too dark to continue firing. That night, uncertain over the tactical situation and without orders, the brigade marched on to nearby Manassas Junction.
The baptism of battle was staggering. In the 6th Wisconsin, eight were killed, sixty-one wounded and three missing with Colonel Cutler among the wounded. The losses in the other three regiments were worse. The Seventh Wisconsin lost 164 of 580; the Nineteenth Indiana, 210 of 423; the Second Wisconsin 276 out of 430. Initial reports showed more than one-third of the brigade—725 men—were casualties. Eight of the brigade's twelve field officers were wounded with Colonel Edgar O’Connor of the 2nd Wisconsin killed. Colonel Meredith of the 19th Indiana was hurt when his horse was shot in the neck and fell on the colonel's leg. All three field officers of the 7th Wisconsin were wounded with Colonel William Wallace Robinson carried bleeding from the field. Lieutenant Colonel Charles Apthorp Hamilton was shot through the thighs but maintained his seat in the saddle with his boots filling with blood. Major George Bill suffered a slight head wound. In the 2nd Wisconsin, Major Thomas Allen was shot in the neck and left arm, but did not leave the field. "Our Col. fought bravely until killed and the Lt. Col. [Lucius Fairchild] was under the hottest fire but escaped unhurt," Allen wrote home. With no field officers available in the 7th, Gibbon consolidated the 2nd and 7th Wisconsin under Fairchild, the senior field officer on his feet.
A Confederate officer wounded at Gainesville later tried to catch in words what the fighting involved: "[I]t was a stand-up combat, dogged and unflinching… There were no wounds from spent balls, the confronting lines looked into each other's faces at deadly ranges, less than one hundred yards apart, and they stood as immovable as the painted heroes in a battle-piece,” he wrote. “There was cover of woods not very far in the rear of the lines on both sides, and brave men—with the instinct of self-preservation which is exhibited in the veteran soldier, who seizes every advantage of ground or obstacle—might have been justified in slowly seeking this shelter from the iron hail that smote them, but out in the sunlight, in the dying daylight, and under the stars, they stood, and although they could not advance, they would not retire. There was some discipline in this, but there was much more of true valor.” Major Rufus Dawes of the 6th Wisconsin wrote of the battle in his memoir: “Our one night's experience at Gainesville had eradicated our yearning for a fight. In our future history we will also be found ready but never again anxious."
The brigade was also engaged the next few days in the battle of Second Bull Run and covered the retreat of the defeated army of John Pope.
It was a few days later, September 14, 1862, as the Federal forces followed the Confederate movement into Maryland, that the brigade fought up the National Road at South Mountain. The long climb was a transforming moment for the soldiers of Gibbon's four regiments. Not long afterward, other soldiers in other regiments were not talking about a Western Brigade, or even a “Black Hat Brigade,” but an "Iron Brigade of the West." It became a mighty war name that would ring down through the decades to present times. General McClellan claimed to have a role in the naming, and perhaps he was a factor. The story he told Colonel John Benton Callis of the 7th Wisconsin during a reception at the Continental Hotel in Philadelphia after the war included this exchange that he claimed was between himself and General Joseph Hooker:
McClellan: “What troops are those fighting on the pike?”
Hooker: “General Gibbon’s Brigade of Western men.”
McClellan: “They must be made of iron.”
Hooker: “By the Eternal, they are iron! If you had seen them
at Bull Run as I did, you would know them to be iron.”
McClellan: “Why, General Hooker, they fight equal to the best troops in the world.”
McClellan said it was sometime after the fighting that Hooker rode up to headquarters and called out, “General McClellan, what do you think now of my Iron Brigade?”
It was an exchange that could have happened. Gibbon in his memoir of the war said: “How or where the name of the ‘Iron Brigade’ was first given I do not know., but soon after the battle of Antietam the name was started and ever after was applied to the brigade.” His use of Antietam as a starting point for the name Iron Brigade has some interest, although the fighting at Sharpsburg, Maryland, occurred three days after South Mountain. Dawes in his history of the 6th Wisconsin never identified the origin of the name.
Other evidence produces a more acceptable explanation. The slope of South Mountain is more wooded now than it was then and a visitor today would find it difficult to see or track where Gibbon's regiments advanced. It was less cluttered in September 1862, however, with clumps of woods, some large clusters of boulders, and lines of stone fences marking the open fields. From the viewing platform built by his engineers on a rise of ground near his headquarters, Little Mac had a clear view of the advance. In his account of the battle, McClellan wrote a glowing description of the action: "The [Gibbon's] brigade advanced steadily, driving the enemy from positions in the woods and behind stone walls, until they reached a point well up towards the top of the pass, when the enemy, having been reinforced by three regiments, opened heavy fire on the front and on both flanks…. Gen. Gibbon, in this delicate movement, handled his brigade with as much precision and coolness as if upon parade, and the bravery of his troops could not be excelled."
It was a display of military discipline and brave fighting that was remembered because it was in full view. At Gainesville, the four regiments fought almost alone in the gathering darkness against elements of the Stonewall Brigade of the Confederate Army. But it was still then an untested and as yet un-acclaimed "Black Hat Brigade" against a "Stonewall Brigade." The Westerners also covered the retreat at Second Bull Run, but won little fame although recognized at the time by Hooker for their discipline and behavior. At South Mountain, however, the general commanding the Army of the Potomac and others watched as Gibbon's Brigade fought its way up to Turner's Gap, and perhaps, just perhaps, Little Mac did ask what brigade was moving up the hill, and when told, perhaps, just perhaps, did make a clever remark about "iron men."
Known is the fact that a newspaper reporter nearby overheard something along those lines and wrote it in his own notebook long before McClellan's memory of the movement was romanced a bit. The correspondent worked for the Cincinnati Daily Commercial. His dispatch was printed September 22, 1862, just eight days after South Mountain and five days after Antietam. In it he described Gibbon's four regiments: “The last terrible battle has reduced this brigade to a mere skeleton; there being scarcely enough members to form half a regiment, The 2nd Wisconsin, which but a few weeks since, numbered over nine hundred men, can now muster but fifty nine. This brigade has done some of the hardest and best fighting in the service. It has been justly termed the Iron Brigade of the West.”
In the years long after the war, New York men claimed the famous name was stolen. The original “Iron Brigade,” they said, was actually the 22nd, 24th and 30th New York regiments and the 14th Brooklyn (officially the 84th New York). When the two-year New York regiments mustered out, (the 14th Brooklyn, a three-year regiment, remained), the veterans claimed the name was “taken” by the Wisconsin and Indiana regiments. An officer in the 24th New York said the name was first attached to his brigade following a march that covered 50 miles in two days. “Sixteen miles a day is considered good march,” he wrote, “so you can see why we are sometimes called the ‘Cast Iron Brigade’.” Wisconsin and Indiana men, however, always believed there was no confusion and that it was McClellan, the hero of the Army, who singled them out as not a two-year “Cast Iron Brigade,” but the “Iron Brigade of the West.”
But the mighty war name came with a great cost. At Antietam, the Western men "fought more like demons than anything else until but 400 or 500 were left of the Brigade that had 2500 as good men as ever carried guns, but two months before," a Black Hat said. "Judge for yourselves whether the brigade has seen hard times or not, with three times three for brave "Little Mac,' the man we all love, I await further movements." In the Seventh Wisconsin, a private reported home there "is only eight here now fit for duty. There is not many sick at present. We have no stragglers like some of the companies, but still the men are gone. They have died the soldier's death or have been wounded on the field of battle. We haven't a coward in our company."
The small four regiments were reinforced by 24th Michigan after the savage fighting in a corn field during Antietam September 17, 1862. The brigade was engaged at Fredericksburg in December 1862, and again at Chancellorsville in May of 1863.
Of course, it was at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, that the Iron Brigade—now the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division of the I Army Corps—won a place in American military history and played a key role in the Union victory. Thrown into the fighting northwest of town to stall a Confederate advance, the brigade helped push back the Confederates in the morning, but were overwhelmed later in the day and forced to retreat through the town to the rally point on Cemetery Hill. It was the brigade’s staunch defense, however, that helped to allow the Federal army to consolidate on the high ground south of Gettysburg. It was that defensive position that was the key to the Union victory. It came at terrible cost to the Western men. Of the 1,883 men engaged in Pennsylvania, 1,153 were killed, wounded or missing. Nine of the brigade’s fourteen field officers were killed or wounded. It was also discovered at the end of the fighting that eighty men from Grant County in Wisconsin were down or dead. To add to the dismay, it was just weeks after the battle that a Pennsylvania regiment was temporarily assigned to the brigade forever ending the unit’s all-Western makeup.
Other changes followed. In a reorganization of the army over the winter of 1863-64 it became apparent that the five army corps comprising the Army of the Potomac were under strength to the point they could no longer function effectively. Accordingly, in Order 115, the War Department ordered the consolidation of the five corps into three. As a result, the V Corps was merged into two divisions and combined with two divisions created by the consolidation of three divisions of the I Corps. The III Corps also disappeared when it was merged in the same way into the II Corps.
Under the changes the Iron Brigade was now named the 1st Brigade, 4th Division, V Corps. The loss of the I Corps was a bitter disappointment to the soldiers who were with the famous old unit organized by McClellan in the Washington camps of 1861. Lost as well was the proud designation as the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division of the 1st Corps, an identity—one Black Hat said—that was "purchased with blood and held most sacred." The only bright spot was that the order allowed I Corps men to retain and wear the red wool disc badges marking their original organization.
With the arrival of General Ulysses Simpson (Hiram Ulysses) Grant at the Army of the Potomac, the fighting took on new meaning. It went on and on, day after day, in such places as the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, Cold Harbor, North Anna, and finally the new trenches around Petersburg, Virginia. The brigade was now in the V Corps’ 3rd Division. The old 4th Division of the V Corps, which had been led by General James Samuel Wadsworth and then Lysander Cutler at the start of the Overland Campaign in 1864—disappeared off the army rolls. The last of the Iron Brigade was now the 1st Brigade of the 3rd Division and included the 6th and 7th Wisconsin, 24th Michigan, four companies of the 1st New York Sharpshooters., and the 143rd, 149th, and 105th Pennsylvania. The 19th Indiana, which failed to sign up for another three years of service was merged with the 7th Indiana on September 23, 1864, and then the 7th Indiana merged into 20th Indiana on October 18 and left the brigade for good. The 2nd Wisconsin went home in June 1864, the three years of service expired. The two companies in the Independent Battalion of Wisconsin Volunteers were merged into the 6th Wisconsin on November 30, becoming companies G and H.
In the long hard months of 1864-1865, a number of men commanded the brigade containing the Iron Brigade regiments. Solomon Meredith left after Gettysburg and never returned to active service. The brigade commanders following him, disregarding temporary assignments, were William Robinson of the 7th Wisconsin, from July 1, 1863 to March 24, 1864; Lysander Cutler of the 6th Wisconsin, March 24, 1864 to May 6, 1864; Brigadier General Edward Stuyvesant Bragg of the 6th Wisconsin June 7, 1864 to February 10, 1865; John Colonel Azor Kellogg of the 6th Wisconsin from February 28, 1865 to April 27, 1865. Colonel Henry Andrew Morrow of the 24th Michigan commanded the brigade during the Grand Review and during the period April 27, 1865 to June 5, 1865.
The fighting continued in 1865 and it was apparent to the men in ranks of the Union army the end was near. In a strange mix-up, the 24th Michigan and the Pennsylvania regiments were sent North on recruiting duty never to again march with the regiments of the old brigade. Left behind for more fighting were the 6th and 7th Wisconsin. Finally, on April 1, there was a sharp Union victory at Five Forks, Virginia, and the chase of the badly wounded Confederate Army of Northern Virginia began. It ended once and for all on April 9, 1865, Palm Sunday. The men of the old Iron Brigade regiments were up at daylight with the others, moving along a railroad. Ahead could be heard artillery fire. The news passed back along the marching column that 20,000 rebels had surrendered, but the hard veterans shook their heads, saying it was too good to be true. Finally, the firing ahead stopped altogether and the brigade was told to make camp and that the men could erect their tents—something that had not been done in many days. In the distance, white flags could be seen hoisted from every tree and the word was passed that General Robert E. Lee wished for an interview with Grant because he did not want to surrender to Major General Phillip Henry Sheridan, preferring a man of his own rank. It was suddenly a time of reflection. Lieutenant Earl Rogers would write later that in that “army at Appomattox” stood “the remnants and shattered battalions” of Rufus King’s Division of 1861, which had fought the battles of their country for nearly four years. “Many had fallen by the wayside, while others had pressed forward to the end.”
The hours passed slowly and quietly on that last day. Then, said a Black Hat: “We saw an officer come riding down the lines, his horse wet and covered with lather. As he passed along we saw the boys’ caps went up in the air—the shout rang with cheers…. As he came in front of us, he shouted, ‘Gen. Lee and army had surrendered to Gen. Grant.’ Cheer—Oh, no! We yelled for joy for we know the war was ended.”
The last Grand Review came at Washington a few weeks later. In the ranks of the Army of the Potomac were the veterans of the 6th and 7th Wisconsin who had been there from the first days of the war. Others from the old 2nd Wisconsin marched with the 6th Wisconsin and probably looked for “Bull Run” painted on the worn and tattered flags of the old regiments. At the head of the brigade was Henry Morrow, the old commander of the 24th Michigan, and nearby, in the 20th Indiana, marched some of the old hands from the 19th Indiana. The heavy guns of Battery B of the 4th U.S. Artillery rolled along the avenue as well. The brigade’s second commander, John Gibbon, rode at the head of his own corps. “The whole thing went off quietly & without a blunder,” said a Wisconsin man.
The last great gathering of the Union armies was a spectacle never forgotten, and now the soldiers were about to go home. On June 16, 1865, the 24th Michigan, now stationed at Camp Butler, Illinois, were it served as an honor guard for the burial of slain President Abraham Lincoln, was ordered to proceed to Detroit for muster-out. The city’s formal welcome came on June 20 at the place where the regiment had departed nearly three years before. There were 1,026 men in ranks then, now less than 200 of those original men returned. “Of all the brave troops who have gone from our State,” reported the Detroit Free Press, “few, if any, regiments can point to a more brilliant record, to more heroic endurance, to greater sacrifices for the perpetuation of the priceless legacy of civil liberty and a wise and good government.” There were speeches, full tables of food, and the sad realization that many of those who left with the 24th Michigan in 1862 would never be welcomed home. The regiment was formally mustered out June 30. In his farewell order Lieutenant Colonel Albert Marshall Edwards said: “you will soon return to your homes and families, and engage in civil pursuits. You can carry with you the sweet reflection that you have done your duty, and a restored and happy country will applaud the heroic sacrifices you have made in its defense. Let no act of your future life sully the fair name you have won in the field.”
Finally, on June 16, the two Wisconsin regiments left Washington for Louisville, Kentucky, traveling by rail over the Baltimore and Ohio to Parkersburg, Virginia, where they were loaded on steamers for a trip down the Ohio River. They arrived June 22 and went into camp on the Indiana side of the river. Ten western regiments—from Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Minnesota—were organized into a provisional division under the command of now Brigadier General Henry Morrow. The process of mustering out began.
In the 7th Wisconsin, Lieutenant Colonel Hollon Richardson gathered his soldiers for a few remarks. The orders had come to muster the regiment out of service and head for Wisconsin to be paid off and be discharged. He cautioned his men he wanted none of “this drunkenness” he had seen earlier and that he wanted the soldiers to go home better than they came back to the army from the veteran furlough of 1864. One listener remembered Richardson “advised them to brush up & get shaved & hair cut &c &c. Go home like men.” The departure for Wisconsin came July 2 with “a great shaking of hands” with the old 6th Wisconsin boys who came to see them off. Madison was reached July 5 and the regiment marched to capital square where they found a large banner—Boys, we welcome you home! A few days later, homecomings were played out in hundreds of small communities and backwoods farms.
The old Black Hat veterans of the 19th Indiana were also at Louisville in the ranks of the 20th Indiana and left July 12. The regiment reached Indianapolis the same day where it was given an official welcome, then mustered out. The roster numbered 23 officers and 390 men of the near 1,000 which had left the state.
The 6th Wisconsin started for Wisconsin July 14—arriving in Madison two days later to an enthusiastic public welcome. On hand for the welcome was one-armed Lucius Fairchild, the hero of Gettysburg. “Should our country be again in danger,” he told the assembled crowd, “we’ll raise another 2nd, 6th and 7th, and Indiana will furnish another 19th and we’ll send to Michigan for a 24th and we’ll have another Iron Brigade.” Then, at the conclusion of the welcome, “the words of command were given,” one of the Black Hats said, and “the bronzed veterans wheeled to the right, drums and fifes struck up their stormy music and, with guns at right shoulder shift and bayonets gleaming in the slant sunbeams, under the green arches of the summer trees, the last organized fragment of the old ‘Iron Brigade’ of the Army of the Potomac…passed on, to dissolve and disappear from men’s eyes forever, but to live immortal in history and in the memory of a grateful people.”
The unit’s fame came at great cost. Often highlighted in the histories of the Iron Brigade is the grim statistic reported by Colonel William F. Fox in his Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, first published in 1889, that the 2nd Wisconsin lost the highest percentage of killed in battle of any regiment in the Union army in proportion to the number enlisted. The 7th Wisconsin is sixth on that list, the 19th Indiana eleventh, the 24th Michigan twentieth, and the 6th Wisconsin thirtieth. Fox also noted, correctly, that the percentage of the 7th Wisconsin should be higher because the total enrollment included 256 conscripts, very few of whom reported for duty. Less attention is given to Fox’s report that the casualty records of the War Department in 1865 showed the 7th Wisconsin first on the list of men killed outright or mortally wounded in battle. The 7th lost 280 over the four years of service, compared with 278 for the 83rd Pennsylvania, and 277 for the 5th New Hampshire. The records were later revised by the various states. Soldiers originally listed as missing in the official reports were determined to belong properly among the killed in action. As a result of the review, the 5th New Hampshire moved to the top of his list with 296 killed or died of wounds, compared with 282 for the 83rd Pennsylvania, and 281 for the 7th Wisconsin.
But the rankings are only one indication of the brigade’s record of service. More significant is the distinction of serving at critical places in important battles. The brigade spearheaded the opening attack at Antietam and was with the first Federal infantry to reach Gettysburg. From the time of organization late 1861 until the last day at Appomattox, the brigade was present with the army, ready to serve whenever and wherever called for duty.
At the end of the war, on July 1, 1865, a correspondent for The Milwaukee Sentinel tried to put the record of the unit into perspective: “Wisconsin, Michigan and Indiana can say with truth that they have furnished the bravest soldiers of the war and they have had their shoulders to the wheel ever since the rebellion broke out. Their soldiers have never faltered… [and] they were confident that Right would be vindicated—and the result proved they were not wrong.”
Herdegen, Lance J. The Iron Brigade in Civil War and Memory: The Black Hats from Bull Run to Appomattox and Thereafter. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2012.
Aubery, Cullen B. “Echoes of the Marches of the Famous Iron Brigade, 1861-1865.” In Recollections of a Newsboy in the Army of the Potomac. Milwaukee: 1900.
Beaudot, William J.K., and Lance J. Herdegen. An Irishman in the Iron Brigade: The Civil War Memoirs of James P. Sullivan, Sergt., Company K, 6th Wisconsin Volunteers, New York: Fordham University Press, 1993.
Beecham, Robert K. Gettysburg, The Pivotal Battle of the Civil War, Chicago, A.C. McClurg, 1911.
————. As if it were Glory: Robert Beecham’s Civil War from the Iron Brigade to the Black Regiments, edited by Michael E. Stevens. Madison, WI: Madison House, 1998.
Buell, Augustus. The Cannoneer; Recollections of Service in the Army of the Potomac. Washington, D.C. National Tribune, 1897.
Cheek, Philip, and Mair Pointon. History of the Sauk County Riflemen, Known as Company "A" Sixth Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. n.p.: 1909.
Curtis, Orson B. History of the Twenty-Fourth Michigan of the Iron Brigade. Detroit: Winn & Hammond, 1891.
Dawes, Rufus R. Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers. Marietta, OH: E.R. Alderman & Sons, 1890.
Dudley, William W. The Iron Brigade at Gettysburg: Official Report of the Part Borne by the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 1st Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, in Action at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1st, 2d and 3d, 1863. Cincinnati: privately printed, 1879.
Dunn, Craig L. Iron Men, Iron Will: The Nineteenth Indiana Regiment of the Iron Brigade. Indianapolis: Guild Press of Indiana, 1995.
Gaff, Alan D. Brave Men's Tears: The Iron Brigade at Brawner Farm. Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1985.
————. On Many a Bloody Field: Four Years in the Iron Brigade. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
Gibbon, John. Personal Recollections of the Civil War. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1928.
Herdegen, Lance J. The Men Stood Like Iron: How the Iron Brigade won its Name. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
Herdegen, Lance J. and William J.K. Beaudot. In the Bloody Railroad Cut at Gettysburg. Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1990.
Herdegen, Lance J. and Sharon Murphy. Four Years With the Iron Brigade: The Civil War Journal of William Ray, Seventh Wisconsin. New York: DeCapo Press, 2001.
Kellogg, John A. Capture and Escape: A Narrative of Army and Prison Life. Madison: Wisconsin History Commission, 1908.
Nolan, Alan T. The Iron Brigade, New York: Macmillan, 1961.
Nolan, Alan T. and Sharon Vipond, eds. Giants in Their Tall Black Hats: Essays on the Iron Brigade. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
Otis, George H. The Second Wisconsin Infantry, with letters and recollections by other members of the regiment. Edited by Alan D. Gaff. Dayton, OH: Morningside Press, 1984. Originally serialized in The Milwaukee Sunday Telegraph in 11 parts between July and December, 1880.
Patridge, Jr., George Washington. Letters from the Iron Brigade. Edited by Hugh L. Whitehouse. Indianapolis: Guild Press of Indiana, 1994.
Ross, Sam. The Empty Sleeve: A Biography of Lucius Fairchild, Madison: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin for the Wisconsin Civil War Centennial Commission, 1964.
Smith, Donald. The Twenty-fourth Michigan of the Iron Brigade. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1962.
Steensma, Robert C., ed. The Civil War Letters of James E. Northup and Samuel W. Northup: Sioux Falls, SD: Augustana College, 2000.
Walterman, Thomas. There Stands “Old Rock”: Rock County, Wisconsin, and the War to Preserve the Union,, Friendship, WI: Rock County Historical Society, New Past Press, 2001.
Whitehouse, Hugh L., ed. Letters from the Iron Brigade: George W. Partridge, Jr., 1839-1863. Indianapolis: Guild Press of Indiana, 1994.
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domain: history


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Government will release the gross domestic product (GDP) growth data for the March quarter of 2021-22 as well as for the complete fiscal tomorrow on May 31, 2022.
Amid sky rocketing inflation as rising fuel prices and soaring edible oil rates have burnt a hole in the common man's daily budget, the growing geo-political tensions triggered by the Russia-Ukraine war have threatened to derail economies the world over and are expected to impact India's growth story too.
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), which releases GDP data, had estimated that economy will grow at 8.9 per cent in 2021-22 compared to a contraction of 6.6 per cent seen in 2020-21.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has projected 9.5 per cent of GDP growth for 2021-22 and kept March quarter growth at 6.1 per cent.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has predicted that India's growth would be 9 per cent during 2021-22 while Fitch has kept it at 8.4 per cent.
RBI's projection of 6.1 per cent growth during March quarter of 2021-22 - if it manages to be anywhere near it - would be an improvement over the 5.4 per cent GDP growth which was seen in the third or December quarter of the said fiscal.
India's GDP had grown by 5.4 per cent in the December quarter of 2021-22, which was lower than 8.4 per cent growth seen in the September quarter. However, it was much higher than 0.5 per cent growth which was witnessed in the corresponding period (October-December) of 2020-21.
In the first quarter of 2021-22, economic growth had been a stupendous 20.1 per cent, which however was mainly due to the low base effect.
In its second advance estimates of national accounts, the National Statistical Office (NSO) had projected 8.9 per cent growth in 2021-22, which is lower than its first advance estimates released in January 2022.
At that time, NSO had projected 9.2 per cent growth for 2021-22 as against a contraction of 6.6 per cent in 2020-21.
However the December quarter growth was the fifth consecutive quarter when positive growth in GDP was seen.
The economy had grown by 0.5 per cent in the third quarter of 2020-21, 1.6 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2020-21, 20.1 per cent in the first quarter of 2021-22 and 8.4 per cent in the second quarter of the current fiscal.
In the first two quarters of 2020-21, the growth was -24.4 per cent and -7.4 per cent respectively, as the country was under complete lockdown due to the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic and all economic activities had come to a halt.
Gradually after restrictions were lifted and the festival season related activities started from October 2020 onwards, the third and fourth quarters showed meagre but positive growth.

domain: finance


text:
Comment on study published in BMC Public Health showing that obesity now contributes to more deaths than smoking
Tony Veverka, CEO of Transform Hospital Group, the UK’s leading provider of bariatric surgery, said:
“The study published in BMC Public Health is the latest evidence that the obesity crisis in the UK is at boiling point.
“That obesity is now contributing to more deaths in England and Scotland than smoking is not surprising, but the long-term lack of meaningful action to address the obesity crisis is, especially when compared to efforts made to tackle smoking over the years.
“These findings underline the need to seriously tackle obesity, both through prevention and treatment, and for the Government’s recently launched Obesity Strategy to go further in certain key areas. We believe that this should include support for the NHS in widening access to bariatric surgery through use of the independent sector, particularly in the wake of the pandemic with the associated increased risk of poorer COVID-19 outcomes for patients living with obesity.
“Bariatric surgery is often dismissed as a ‘quick fix’, however our experience shows that when combined with other measures, it can be part of a long-term solution to the escalating obesity problem. For many people living with obesity and facing serious risk of life-threatening associated complications, a simple diet change and exercise sometimes is not possible, with bariatric surgery their best solution – however for many this solution is currently beyond reach.
“The study indicates that obesity now, more than ever, deserves the attention and commitment shown in tackling smoking in years gone by, to help reduce further avoidable deaths.”


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domain: geography