|Publication number||US5256928 A|
|Application number||US 07/783,192|
|Publication date||Oct 26, 1993|
|Filing date||Oct 28, 1991|
|Priority date||Oct 26, 1990|
|Publication number||07783192, 783192, US 5256928 A, US 5256928A, US-A-5256928, US5256928 A, US5256928A|
|Inventors||Takahiro Nishikura, Katsu Takeda, Masanori Sumihara, Osamu Kawasaki|
|Original Assignee||Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (16), Classifications (11), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
The present, invention relates to an ultrasonic motor which generates a driving force using elastic vibration of a piezoelectric element and, more specifically, to the structure of a mover and a vibrator in the ultrasonic motor.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A known example of an ultrasonic motor's vibrator is the one disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,580,073. FIG. 1 shows the structure of this conventional ultrasonic motor.
In FIG. 1, a reference numeral 2 indicates a ring vibrator, a reference numeral 3 indicates a mover (or movable member) and a reference numeral 2a represents projections. The projections extend in a direction transverse to the direction of advance of the travelling bending elastic wave and are disposed at equal angular spaces about the entire circle of the ring vibrator 2. A reference numeral 2b designates a base ring portion which is on the opposite side of the projections 2a and integral with the projections 2a. The base ring portion 2b has a piezoelectric element 4 (see FIG. 2) which has a polarized structure as shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the polarized structure of the piezoelectric element 4 which oscillates nine elastic waves along the circle of the vibrator 2. Each of portions A and B contains a group of electrodes, each constituting a small polarized domain corresponding to a half-wave length of the elastic wave. Portion C is an electrode corresponding to a three-quarter wave length. Portion D is an electrode corresponding to a one-quarter wave length. Electrodes C and D are disposed there to spatially provide a phase difference of one-quarter wave (equal to 90°) length between two groups of electrodes A and B. In two groups of electrodes A and B, any two adjacent small domains are polarized in the direction of the axis of the ring vibrator 2 so that they have opposite polarities with respect to one another. The piezoelectric element 4 is rigidly attached, at the opposite side of the piezoelectric element surface shown in FIG. 2, to the base ring portion 2b. Each electrode is flush with the surface of the piezoelectric element. When the ultrasonic motor is in operation, the electrode group A is short-circuited as hatched in FIG. 2. The electrode group B is also short-circuited as hatched in FIG. 2.
Now let's assume that voltages V1 and V2 expressed as below are applied to the electrode groups A and B of the piezoelectric element 4, respectively.
V1 =V0 ×sin (ω t) (1)
V2 =V0 ×cos (ω t) (2)
where V0 is the amplitude of the applied voltage, ω is an angular frequency, and t is time.
A bending travelling wave as expressed by the following equation is generated on the ring vibrator 2, and advances along the circle of the ring vibrator 2. ##EQU1## where ξ0 is the amplitude of the bending vibration, ξ is an instantaneous value of the bending vibration, k is the number of waves (2π/λ), λ is the wavelength, and x is a position of interest.
A point P of projections 2a is, accordingly, in motion in an elliptical orbit. The mover 3 in contact with the point P is driven, by means of frictional force, in the opposite direction X' of the direction X in which the travelling wave advances on the ring vibrator 2.
For the purpose of increasing the rotational speed at the point P in the ultrasonic motor, the above-mentioned vibrator 2 is provided with projections 2a which involves a difficult machining process. The provision of the projections 2a causes attainment of the above goal by increasing transverse displacement.
One example of the structure of a mover of a conventional ultrasonic motor is disclosed by Japanese Laid Open Publication No. 63-174581. Discussed in that disclosure are relative relationships of various shapes of the mover, which has a structure of a cantilever flange made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. It is also disclosed that the generation of abnormal mechanical noise is prevented by optimizing rigidity of the flange.
An important factor in the structure of the conventional ultrasonic motor is the accuracy of the flatners between the projections 2a extending from the base ring portion 2b and of the mover 3. Both mechanical strength variations in attachment portions where the projections 2a join the base ring portion 2b and variations in machining accuracy of the height of the projections 2a affect a resonant frequency at which both electrode groups A and B vibrate, thereby varying the vibration displacement and consequently reducing the efficiency of the ultrasonic motor. To overcome the above problem, the flatness accuracy needs improving. Improvement in the flatness accuracy involves longer machining times and very rigorous machining accuracy requirements. These requirements in the production stage are incompatible with low production costs and a mass production process. The resonant frequency of the projections (a function of the width, depth, and height of each projection) should not ,meet with the driving frequency of the vibrator; actual the machining process, by nature, sets a design limit of the minimum space allowed between adjacent projections; and sufficient mechanical strength of the projections is required for the output to be efficiently picked up. All these requirements set a limit an the number of projections allowed. On one hand, the use of projections contributes to the increase of the rotational speed of the motor. On the other hand, however, the structure of the projections causes amplitude variations in the vibration, because of changes in the resonance characteristics directly resulting from a periodic change in the rigidity of the vibrator. The unavoidable design limit imposed on the number of projections adversely affects motor characteristics, for example, causing cogging or other problems, particularly when the motor is operated at a low speed operation.
To sum up, in the above ultrasonic motor, cracks tend to develop at the root of the projection, and parts of the ring vibrator to which the piezoelectric element is fitted are limited because of a periodic change in a circumferential direction of rigidity in the ring vibrator, thus assembly work for the piezoelectric element is troublesome.
When the mover is of the cantilever flange structure, the problem is as follows:
With the vibrator pressed into contact with the cantilever flange mover, the cantilever flange mover is deflected and distorted with respect to its fixed end, and fails to be uniformly in contact with the vibrator. Therefore, reliable a contact state between the vibrator and the mover is not assured. To improve on this problem, the contact surface is very narrow. A narrow contact surface, however, forces more contact pressure, leading to wear of each contact surface of both the vibrator and the mover, and even leading to seizure of both. To avoid such problems, the contact surface needs to be coated with a hard material, such as an oxide compound. Such an additional process is not acceptable from the standpoint of cost and mass production. If such hardening process is employed, a motor service life is determined by the capability of the hard material to remain adhered to the vibrator. That adherence capability is definitely unpredictable and unstable. Furthermore, the flange type mover is complex in its structure, and presents various difficulties in the machining process. For example, when a small pressure of several Newtons is applied or the motor diameter is miniaturized, the thickness of the flange mover is extremely thinned. Such a technique is not applicable in a wide range of applications, because prior-art structures have numerous limitations on the machining process, the shape of the ultrasonic motor and the pressure ranges applied.
The present invention has been developed with a view to substantially solving the above described disadvantages and has for its essential object to provide a low cost, reliable, excellent low-speed rotation characteristic, easy-to-machine, and mass-production oriented ultrasonic motor in which all parts in a circumferential direction of a ring vibrator have the same thickness (i.e. a contact face portion of the contact face of the ring vibrator extends continuously about the circumference of the ring vibrator); and, as a result, a crack hardly develops on the ring vibrator, and the portions for disposing an piezoelectric element are not limited.
In order to achieve the aforementioned object, there is provided an ultrasonic motor, wherein a mover (or movable member) is pressed into contact with a circular vibrator which is made of a circular elastic member and a piezoelectric element attached to the elastic member, and the mover is driven by generating elastic circumferentially travelling waves on the circular vibrator as a result of applying electric fields to the piezoelectric element, characterized in that: the circular elastic member has a substantially uniform thickness along a circumferential direction thereof, and the circular elastic member has a plurality of recesses on a face thereof contacting the mover.
Further, there is provided an ultrasonic motor, wherein a mover is pressed into contact with a circular vibrator, the mover including a second elastic member and a friction member bonded to a face of the second elastic member, the circular vibrator including a first circular elastic member and a piezoelectric element attached to the first circular elastic member, and the mover is driven by generating elastic circumferentially travelling waves on the circular vibrator as a result of applying an electric field to the piezoelectric element, characterized in that: a recess cover is provided on the face of the second elastic member to which the friction member is bonded.
Furthermore, there is provided an ultrasonic motor, wherein a mover is pressed into contact with a circular vibrator, the mover including a second elastic member and a friction member bonded to a face of the second elastic member, the circular vibrator including a first circular elastic member and a piezoelectric element attached to the first circular elastic member, and the mover is driven by generating elastic circumferentially travelling waves in the circular vibrator as a result of applying an electric field to the piezoelectric element, characterized in that: a plurality of first recess as is provided on a face of the first elastic member which opposes the mover, a second ring-like recess is provided on the face of the second elastic member to which the friction member is bonded, and a projected portion is provided on the friction member so that the projected portion corresponds to the first recess of the first elastic member of the vibrator.
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given, by way of illustration only, and thus do not limit the present invention, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure and operational principle of a conventional ultrasonic motor having projections;
FIG. 2 is a view showing a construction of a ring-like piezoelectric element used in an ultrasonic motor;
FIG. 3 (a) is a top view showing a vibrator of an ultrasonic motor of a first embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view (or movable member) showing a vibrator of the ultrasonic motor of the first embodiment;
FIGS. 4 (a), (b) and (c) are cross-sectional views showing recesses used in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how vibrational displacement is radially distributed in the ring-like vibrator of the ultrasonic motor;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing comparative motor characteristics, one obtained from a ring-like flat vibrator and the other obtained from a vibrator having recesses according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 (a) is a top view showing a vibrator of an ultrasonic motor of a second embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 7--7 in FIG. 7 (a);
FIG. 8 (a) is a top view showing a vibrator of an ultrasonic motor of a third embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 (b) is a cross-sectional taken on the line 8--8 in FIG. 8 (a);
FIG. 9 (a) is a top view showing another vibrator of an ultrasonic motor of the third embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the vibrator of FIG. 9 (a);
FIG. 10 (a) is a top view showing a vibrator of an ultrasonic motor of a fourth embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the vibrator of FIG. 10 (a).
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the shape and electrode structure of a piezoelectric element used in a disk-type ultrasonic motor;
FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b) are diagrams showing how vibration displacement is radially distributed in a second vibration mode of the disk-type ultrasonic motor;
FIG. 13 (a) is a top view showing a vibrator of an ultrasonic motor of a fifth embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the vibrator of the ultrasonic motor of the fifth embodiment;
FIG. 14 (a) is a top view showing a vibrator of an ultrasonic motor of a sixth embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the vibrator of the ultrasonic motor of the sixth embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing an ultrasonic motor of a seventh embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a mover in an ultrasonic motor of an eighth embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a mover in an ultrasonic motor of a ninth embodiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the mover combined with a vibrator in an ultrasonic motor as the ninth embodiment according to the present invention; and
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a mover in an ultrasonic motor of a tenth embodiment according to the present invention.
Referring now to the drawings, the first embodiment according to the present invention is described in detail below. FIG. 3 (a) is a top view of a vibrator of a ring-type ultrasonic motor to which the present invention is applied and which vibrator vibrates radially at the first vibration mode and circumferentially at the third or higher order of vibration mode. FIG. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 (a). In FIGS. 3 (a) and (b), a ring-like vibrator 6 consists of an elastic member 5 and a piezoelectric element 4. The elastic member 5 of the ring-like vibrator 6 is provided with a plurality of recesses 7, which extend radially from an inner edge outwardly, but which, do not reach an outer edge of the elastic member 5 as shown in FIG. 3 (a). The recesses 7 may be arranged at either equal or unequal angular spacing along the circumferential direction of the ring-like vibrator 6, though the equal angular spacing arrangement is preferred.
A mover (or movable member) is pressed into contact with the elastic member 5 of the vibrator 6, which has recesses 7 not reaching to the outer edge of the elastic member 5 as illustrated in FIG. 3 (a). Although the mover is not shown in FIGS. 2, 3 (a) and (b), the mover has the same structure as that of the mover 3 in the conventional ultrasonic motor shown in FIG. 1. Voltages V1 and V2, described in the description of the prior art, are applied to the piezoelectric element 4 of the ring-type ultrasonic motor having the structure as just mentioned. Elastic travelling waves are thus generated in the vibrator 6, thereby driving the mover.
As illustrated in FIG. 4 (a), the recesses 7 may be spherical. As illustrated in FIG. 4 (b), the recesses 7 may be rectangular. As shown in FIG. 4 (c), the recesses 7 may have multiple V-shaped notches as viewed in cross section in a circumferential direction. The cross-sectional shapes of the recesses 7 are not limited to the forms mentioned above and other forms may be acceptable.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how vibration displacement is radially distributed in the ring-like vibrator 6. As seen from FIG. 5, the first mode vibration in the radial direction causes the vibration displacement to be larger toward the radially outer portion of the vibrator 6. Since the recesses 7 are disposed on the inner side of the ring vibrator 6, the rigidity is weakened at the inner side of the ring vibrator 6 by a factor proportional to the third power of the thickness thereof. Therefore, vibration displacement tends to be larger on the inner side of the vibrator. As a result, the actual vibration displacement distribution in the radial direction is more even than that illustrated in FIG. 5. The uniform distribution in the radial direction of the vibration displacement prevents offset of the vibrator 6 with respect to the mover. The offset would occur while the mover moves relative to the vibrator 6 if an uneven distribution in the radial direction of vibration distribution took place. The even distribution in the radial direction of the vibration displacement assures uniform and reliable contact between the vibrator 6 and the mover. Since the vibrator 6 drives, at its inner side, the mover in the above-mentioned structure, the distribution of vibration displacements remains stabilized against changes in load, and more reliable operation is thus assured, compared with the case where the outer side of a ring vibrator is used for driving.
A simple structure like the ring vibrator 6 mentioned above overcomes manufacturing difficulties, for example, rigorous machining accuracy, and high costs of production such as for the conventional ultrasonic motor. Since the recesses 7 may be small and require no precision machining, integral molding such as powder metallurgy, which serves to lower the production costs, may be employed.
Further, the depth of the recesses 7 is acceptable if it is greater than the magnitude of deformation (on the order of a few μm) which the mover undergoes when pressed. There is no logical reason for making recesses far deeper than that magnitude.
Furthermore, the number of the recesses 7 has a far wider allowable range than the number of projections in the conventional motor, because the very shallow depth of the recesses 7 hardly affects the mechanical strength of the vibrator 6, and far smaller space is practicable between the recesses 7. Therefore, it is possible to provide an excellent ultrasonic motor having little cogging at low speed rotation by increasing the number of recesses 7. Such a low cogging feature is not given by the conventional ultrasonic motor which has projections on its vibrator.
Furthermore, the use of the recesses 7 provides the effect of increased driving force of the vibrator 6 resulting from the increased frictional force, as illustrated in FIG. 6. As seen from FIG. 6, unlike an ultrasonic motor having a simply flat ring-like vibrator, the ring ultrasonic motor having recesses 7 exhibits no sharp reduction due to slippage in the rotational speed output on the high torque region and operates reliably.
The present invention substantially reduces the adverse effects to the resonance characteristics, experienced particularly in a conventional ultrasonic motor in which the projections 2a result in partial rigidity variations of the vibrator 6. Thus, the present invention practically eliminates audible vibration produced by the beat frequency component, i.e., frequency difference, between one resonance frequency of the electrode group A and the other resonance frequency of the electrode group B. The present invention also eliminates mechanical noise caused by the resonance oscillation of the entire mechanical structure due to unwanted standing wave components resulting from vibration displacement variations. The present invention also eliminates rotational irregularities due to instantaneous variations in the state of contact between the vibrator and the mover.
FIGS. 7 (a) and (b) show a ring vibrator 106 in a second embodiment of the present invention. The ring vibrator 106 includes an elastic member 105 and a piezoelectric element 104. The elastic member 105 has a plurality of recesses 107 which extend inwardly from an outer edge of the elastic member 105 and which do not reach an inner edge of the elastic member 105. Since a mover is pressed into contact with an outer peripheral portion of the vibrator 106 where the recesses 107 are disposed, the vibrator 106 drives, at its maximum amplitude points, the mover, as shown in FIG. 5. Thus, the rotational speed of the mover is increased by a factor proportional to the ratio of the amplitude at an inner peripheral portion and the amplitude at the outer peripheral portion, as compared with a rotational speed obtained by the use of the inner peripheral portion of the vibrator 106. Since the vibrator 106 drives, at its outer peripheral portion the mover, larger output torque results; the resulting output torque is increased to the output torque (obtained at the inner peripheral contact portion) multiplied by a factor of the outer circle's radius divided by the inner circle's radius. A high output ultrasonic motor is thus provided.
FIGS. 8 (a) and (b) show a ring vibrator 206 in a third embodiment of the present invention. The vibrator 206 includes an elastic member 205 and a piezoelectric element 204. The elastic member 205 has a plurality of recesses 207 which are radially extended in the middle of the elastic member 205 and which reach to neither an inner edge nor an outer edge of the elastic member 205. A mover similar to that in the second embodiment is pressed into contact with the middle portion of the elastic member 205 where the recesses 207 are disposed. This structure offers, at the same time, the advantages of both the first embodiment and the second embodiment combined. As the other example to the recess arrangement in which the recesses 207 are disposed at equal angularly spaced intervals on the vibrator 206 as shown in FIG. 8, recesses 207 may be disposed in a random manner on the ring vibrator 306 as illustrated in FIGS. 9 (a) and (b). FIGS. 9 (a) and (b) show an example of recesses which are formed as semispherical dimples.
Described below in detail is a fourth embodiment, wherein the present invention is applied to a disk vibrator. FIG. 10 (a) is a top view of the disk vibrator which is applied to a disk-type ultrasonic motor and which vibrates radially at the second vibration mode and circumferentially at the third or higher order of vibration mode. FIG. 10 (b) is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 (a). The disk vibrator 10 consists of an elastic member 8 and a piezoelectric element 9. The elastic member 8 has a plurality of recesses 11. Referring to FIG. 11, the piezoelectric element 9 has a electrode structure for generating four travelling elastic waves along a circumferential direction thereof. FIGS. 12 (a) and (b) illustrate the distribution of vibration displacement of the disk vibrator 10 of FIG. 10 in a radial second vibration mode. FIG. 12 (b) indicates that the maximum amplitude points 12 exist midway along the radial direction from an inner circle to an outer circle of the disk vibrator 10. In this fourth embodiment, a plurality of recesses 11 are arranged on the vibrator 10 so that some of the recesses 11 mate partially with the contact portion of a mover or come to, at least, the vicinity of the maximum amplitude points.
The shape and layout of the recesses in the previously mentioned embodiments (from the first to third embodiments) are all equally applicable to the recesses 11 in the fourth embodiment.
The mover is pressed into contact with the disk vibrator 10 described above. Integrally attached to the elastic member 8 is the piezoelectric element 9 which is polarized in such a manner that polarization of + electrode, + electrode, - electrode, - electrode, . . . - electrode and - electrode takes place thereon as shown in FIG. 11. A electrode group A is formed by connecting every other electrode so that + electrodes and - electrodes are coupled, and then an electrode group B is formed by connecting the remaining electrodes so that + electrodes and - electrodes are coupled as shown in FIG. 11. The electrode group A and the electrode group B are thus 90° different in phase, both spatially and virtually electrically. An elastic travelling wave is generated by applying voltages V1 and V2, already described in the prior art example, to the electrode group A and the electrode group B, respectively. The travelling wave generated on the vibrator 10 drives the mover.
The use of a simple structure like the disk vibrator 10 mentioned above provides advantages similar to those in the first embodiment through third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, the use of the second mode of vibration along the radial direction results in a nodal circle 13 being conveniently used for the purpose of fixing the vibrator 10; this advantage one which is lacking in the first embodiment through the third embodiment. The ring vibrator 2 of the prior art must have a vibrating portion thereof fixed and, as a result, vibration of the ring vibrator 2 is prevented, thus lowering the efficiency of the ultrasonic motor. On the other hand, according to the above structure having the nodal circle 13, the efficiency of the disk-like ultrasonic motor is remarkably improved.
FIG. 13 (a) is a top view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention, wherein the vibrator 110 vibrates at the first mode of vibration along the radial direction thereof. FIG. 13 (b) is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 13 (a). The vibrator 110 consists of an elastic member 108 and a piezoelectric element 109. The elastic member 108 has a plurality of recesses 111 in an outer peripheral portion thereof.
The fifth embodiment uses the first mode of vibration in the radial direction in the same manner as the first through third embodiments do. In the fifth embodiment, however, the inner portion of the disk vibrator 110 hardly vibrates. Therefore, in the same manner as the second mode of vibration, the vibrator 110 can be anchored, in this case, at its inner portion. The output torque is increased to the output torque (obtained in the fourth embodiment) multiplied by a factor of the contact circle's radius in the fifth embodiment divided by the contact circle's radius in the fourth embodiment. A high output torque ultrasonic motor is thus provided.
FIG. 14 (a) is a top view showing a vibrator 210 in a sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein a plurality of recesses 211 are disposed only in the vicinity of maximum amplitude points in a vibrator 210. FIG. 14 (b) is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 14 (a). Since the recesses 211 are limited to the maximum amplitude portion, influence on resonance characteristics due to the electrode groups A and B are reduced, and almost agree with the resonance characteristics of an ideal disk-like vibrator. Therefore, stable elastic travelling waves are generated, contributing to enhanced stability of the motor characteristics.
In the first through sixth embodiments, the mover may be a friction member made of wear resisting material or an elastic member with friction material glued on it.
In a seventh embodiment illustrated in FIG. 15, a plurality of recesses 11 disposed on the vibrator 10 are designed to mate with a ring-like projection 12 disposed on the contact side of a mover 3. Such an arrangement allows the mover 3 to contact, at its ring-like projection 12 only, the vibrator 10, reducing variations in the motor characteristics. Another advantage which the above arrangement offers is that no strict flatness accuracy is required in machining either the vibrator 10 or the mover 3.
In the above first through seventh embodiments, the recesses 7, 107, 207, 307, 11, 111 or 211 are disposed on the vibrator 6, 106, 206, 306, 10, 110 or 210. Conversely, the recesses 7, 107, 207, 307, 11, 111 or 211 may be disposed on one side of the mover 3 which mates with the vibrator 6, 106, 206, 306, 10, 110 or 210, and the friction material 13 may be installed on the vibrator 6, 106, 206, 306, 10, 110 or 210. In this case, the recesses 7, 107, 207, 307 in the vibrators 6, 106, 206, 306 or the recesses 11, 111, 211 in the vibrator 10, 110, 210 may be omitted.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a mover 103 in a disk-type ultrasonic motor of an eighth embodiment according to the present invention. In FIG. 16, the present invention comprises a vibrator (not shown) composed of a first disk-like elastic member with projections on its maximum amplitude portion, a disk-like piezoelectric element bonded on the elastic member, and a mover 103 made up of a second elastic member 14 and a friction material 113, wherein the second elastic member 14 has a ring-like recess 15 opposed to the projection of the vibrator and, also, wherein the friction material 113 is bonded on the second elastic member 14 so that at least the ring-like recess 15 is entirely covered with the friction material 113. In the ultrasonic motor having the mover 103 constructed as mentioned above, the mover 103 is pressed, via its friction material 13, into contact with the vibrator having projections. As a result, the mover 103 is driven by the piezoelectric element 9 having the polarized structure described in the fourth embodiment.
The above structure of the mover 103 in the present invention provides the following advantages:
The recess 15 along with the friction material 113 prevents unwanted vibrations due to amplitude variations in each standing wave resulting from area differences between the electrode group A and the electrode group B shown in FIG. 11 and/or a positioning error of the piezoelectric element introduced in gluing it onto the vibrator having the projection. The recess 15 along with the friction material 113 also improves the radial inclination of the vibration displacement distribution which is theoretically unavoidable depending on the mode of vibration. The friction material 113 fixed at both ends deforms itself in concert with the vibration displacement distribution and absorbs the circumferential waviness with its entire contact area, thereby assuring uniform contact. Such a function contributes to increasing the tolerance in flatness accuracy to which the projection of the vibrator and the mover are machined. The above function also eliminates audible mechanical noise generated by resonating mechanical structure resulting from contact irregularity between the projection and the mover. Further, the both-end fixing structure of the friction material 113 relaxes machining accuracy requirements greatly, allowing the frictional material 113 to be flexibly machined to meet the motor's shape and dimensions and pressure specifications. If the friction material 113 is made of wear resisting material, such as carbon fiber, engineering plastic, or the like, the vibrator is prevented from damage. Since such a wear resisting material needs no additional processing such as forming an oxide coating thereon, a mass production oriented and low cost mover is implemented.
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a mover 203 in a disk-type ultrasonic motor of a ninth embodiment according to the present invention. The vibrator used in this embodiment is identical to the one illustrated in FIG. 14. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic motor combining the mover 203 illustrated in FIG. 17 with the vibrator 210 illustrated in FIG. 14. As shown in FIG. 18, bearings 20 are disposed on an inner periphery of the vibrator 210 so that the mover 203 is rotated freely on the bearings 20. As shown in FIG. 17, the mover 203 is composed of a second elastic member 17 with a second recess 16, and a friction material 19 bonded onto the second elastic member 17, wherein the friction material 19 has a ring-like projection 18.
The position of the ring-like projection 18 corresponds to the position of the first recesses 211 of the mover 210 in FIG. 14, and therefore corresponds to the position of maximum vibration displacement in the mode of vibration shown in FIG. 12. Such an arrangement stabilizes the contact position between the vibrator 210 and the mover 203. The friction material 19 absorbs waviness at its both-end fixed anchored points, and at the same time, assures uniform contact along the radial direction. The above projection 18 also reinforces a circumferential bending rigidity of the friction material 19, thereby increasing transmission efficiency of the rotational driving force by means of friction.
The cross-sectional form of the first recesses 11 may be any as shown in one of FIGS. 4 (a), (b), or (c) as already described in the first embodiment. As long as the uniform contact effect and the unwanted standing-wave vibration absorption effect are obtained, the cross-sectional form of the second recess 16 may be any of the forms shown in FIGS. 4 (a), (b), or (c), and other forms such as tapered cutout recesses. The form of the second recess is not limited to that described in the eighth embodiment.
The disk-type ultrasonic motor mentioned above offers the same advantages that the first through eighth embodiments provide. The ring-like projection disposed on the friction material clearly defined the contact area, reducing area contact irregularity between the vibrator 210 and the mover 203. A high output torque and stable ultrasonic motor is thus implemented.
The eighth and ninth embodiments are directed to the disk-type ultrasonic motor. The same structure embodied as above may apply to the ring-type ultrasonic motors in the first through third embodiments.
The recesses 7, 107, 11, 111, 211, 15, and 16 are all assumed to be void in the first through ninth embodiments. The recesses 7, 107, 11, 111, 211, 15, and 16, however, may be filled with large internal-loss material, such as rubber material or sponge-like felt material, of which acoustic velocity and elastic modulus are smaller than those of the friction material. Filling the recesses with such a material efficiently absorbs the unwanted standing-wave vibrations. Thus, the recesses 7, 107, 11, 111, 211, 15, and 16 are not limited to void structures. In addition, FIG. 19 shows an example of a mover wherein recesses are filled with rubber 116.
In the present invention, as described above, the use of a plurality of recesses disposed on an elastic member which constitutes a vibrator allows the manufacturing process for an ultrasonic motor to be easy, needing no particularly rigorous machining standards. Furthermore, developing cracks on the bottoms of the recess is prevented because the elastic member has a substantially uniform thickness along a circumferential direction thereof (i.e. a contact face portion of the contact face of the elastic member extends continuously about the circumference thereof). Also, the present invention provides a low-cost, mass production oriented ultrasonic motor, which still features an excellent low-speed operation capability and a cogging-free large-torque output capability. A complex machining process is substantially simplified by disposing a ring-like recess on an elastic member which constitutes a mover and by covering the recess with a friction material. The both-end fixing structure of the friction material relaxes machining accuracy requirements greatly, allowing the motor to meet the motor's shape and dimensions and pressure specifications. Even if the vibrator has a poor flatness accuracy, the friction material anchored at both ends absorbs waviness by deforming itself in response to that waviness. The vibrator thus stays in good contact with the mover, enhancing substantially operational reliability in the ultrasonic motor.
Amplitude variations takes place due to deviation of the resonance frequency of standing waves that developed into travelling waves as a result of driving action by the electrode groups A and B. By causing the amplitude variations to agree with those of an ideal disk-like vibrator, however, the mechanical structure's resonance due to the unwanted standing-wave vibrations is absorbed. Similarly suppressed are audible mechanical noise due to contact irregularity resulting from beat oscillation taking place between the driving frequency and other frequency components of other modes of vibration. The ultrasonic motor, with these advantages according to the present invention, is highly useful in a wide range of industrial applications.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
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|JPS63257476A *||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5438229 *||Feb 8, 1994||Aug 1, 1995||Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.||Ultrasonic motor and ultrasonic motor control method|
|US5821670 *||Dec 27, 1996||Oct 13, 1998||Nikon Corporation||Vibration acutuator|
|US5831370 *||Jun 17, 1996||Nov 3, 1998||Nikon Corporation||Vibration actuator|
|US5917270 *||Oct 2, 1995||Jun 29, 1999||Canon Kabushiki Kaisha||Vibration driven motor or actuator|
|US5945769 *||Jul 12, 1994||Aug 31, 1999||Canon Kabushiki Kaisha||Wave driven motor|
|US6198202 *||Apr 4, 1997||Mar 6, 2001||Canon Kabushiki Kaisha||Vibration actuator|
|US6674217 *||Jul 26, 2000||Jan 6, 2004||Canon Kabushiki Kaisha||Vibration member using electro-mechanical energy conversion element as driving source, vibration wave driving apparatus using vibration member as driving source and apparatus provided with vibration wave driving apparatus|
|US6694816 *||Dec 6, 2001||Feb 24, 2004||Nsk Ltd.||Apparatus and method for evaluating rotational accuracy of rolling bearing and rolling bearing evaluated by the rotational accuracy evaluation method, and apparatus and method for radial vibration of rotating body and rotation unit with rotating body evaluated by the radial vibration evaluation method|
|US8035276 *||Feb 5, 2009||Oct 11, 2011||Nikon Corporation||Vibration actuator, lens barrel and camera|
|US8549728||Sep 17, 2010||Oct 8, 2013||Nikon Corporation||Manufacturing method for vibration body and manufacturing method for vibration actuator|
|US20050063617 *||May 10, 2004||Mar 24, 2005||Tilman Paul A.||Reclosable bag having tamper-evident membrane|
|US20080284285 *||Mar 13, 2008||Nov 20, 2008||Nikon Corporation||Vibration actuator, lens barrel, camera, manufacturing method for vibration body and manufacturing method for vibration actuator|
|US20090134744 *||Nov 18, 2008||May 28, 2009||Korea Institute Of Science And Technology||Ring type piezoelectric ultrasonic resonator and piezoelectric ultrasonic rotary motor using the same|
|US20090212662 *||Feb 5, 2009||Aug 27, 2009||Nikon Corporation||Vibration actuator, lens barrel and camera|
|US20110002057 *||Sep 17, 2010||Jan 6, 2011||Nikon Corporation||Vibration actuator, lens barrel, camera, manufacturing method for vibration body and manufacturing method for vibration actuator|
|EP0696073B1 *||Jul 31, 1995||Sep 21, 2005||Canon Kabushiki Kaisha||Vibration actuator|
|U.S. Classification||310/323.11, 310/328, 310/323.04|
|International Classification||H02N2/16, H01L41/09|
|Cooperative Classification||H02N2/163, H02N2/0065, H02N2/166|
|European Classification||H02N2/16D, H02N2/00B4F, H02N2/16B|
|Oct 28, 1991||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:NISHIKURA, TAKAHIRO;TAKEDA, KATSU;SUMIHARA, MASANORI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005899/0823
Effective date: 19911021
|Apr 15, 1997||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 5, 2001||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 12, 2005||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Oct 26, 2005||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Dec 20, 2005||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20051026


text:
The Agha Shahid Ali Archive
Untitled personal notes
Agha, Shahid Ali, 1949-2001
short poem about a body breaking under the night sky, and the flowers and stars that surround the scence, a short poem about the cries coming from a grandmother's house, then excerpts or early drafting from his poem "I Dream I am the Only Passenger on Flight 423 to Srinagar"
Original digital object name: shahid-man-103a-001-028
This digital resource is provided by The Beloved Witness, a project sponsored by the Digital Humanities Initiative, Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, United States.

domain: literature


There is no question about it: having a glove dryer in your vehicle is a luxury. You and your family deserve to be comfortable and dry while enjoying the outdoors or working hard. Here are some reasons why the VersaDri system is right for your lifestyle.
What Is the VersaDri Portable Dryer?
Our dryer is one of the best on the market. We don’t cut corners, compromise on standards, or skimp on quality. At VersaDri, we have hired engineers for BMW, Mercedes, Volkswagen, Accura, Lexus, and Tesla. Hiring experts from the auto sector has allowed us to develop automotive accessories that hold up to the high standards set by this industry.
You can expect great satisfaction when investing in high-quality VersaDri equipment. We refuse to sell an inferior dryer at lower costs, and instead, offer you the best in the industry at a competitive price.
More Than Just a Glove Dryer
The VersaDri Portable Dryer plugs into any 12V outlet in your vehicle. No matter if you are driving a minivan or a contractor’s truck, you’ll have an outlet available to power your dryer. This system is small and portable and comes with a carrying bag to conveniently store all the parts in your car.
In addition to storing away in a small package, the VersaDri Portable Dryer fits into most standard cupholders. If it doesn’t fit in your cupholder, we have also equipped our dryer with a magnet for flat metal surfaces. If a cupholder or magnet doesn’t suit your situation, our dryer also offers a hanging tab for total versatility.
No need to worry about battery consumption because you can run our dryer while the vehicle is in motion. You can also conserve energy with fan-only mode. This is a great solution for the summertime when you don’t want to warm the interior of the car. We are also working on an AC converter so you can use your portable dryer just about anywhere.
Who Was the VersaDri Portable Dryer Made For?
Busy Parents With No Time to Waste
Busy parents likely have kids enrolled in all kinds of sports. If the field is wet or the rain has turned the diamond into a mud pit, your kids will be uncomfortable in their wet shoes, socks, and other athletic gear.
You don’t have time to go home and dry out their clothes and shoes between each activity. So what’s a busy parent to do? If you are tired of digging out mildewy smelling gear after it is been forgotten in a duffel bag, the VersaDri Portable Dryer is an asset.
Instead of listening to the clunk-clunk of cleats in the dryer, you can dry soggy shoes in just minutes on the go. Sweaty sports helmets will be a thing of the past because you’ll have the ability to dry them right away. Get back to the powder on snowy days by drying your gloves while you toast your fingers by the vents. For parents that are always on the go, the VersaDri Portable Dryer will become one of your favorite car accessories.
Outdoorsmen That Like a Bit of Luxury
Parents aren’t the only ones that have to deal with wet gear. The VersaDri portable dryer is perfect for those that love the outdoors. If your ideal weekend is spent hiking, skiing, or hunting, then our dryer is a great choice for your lifestyle.
Wet gear is uncomfortable and you don’t want to lose your valuable personal time waiting for your gear to dry. At the campsite or in the truck, the VersaDri portable dryer will get you back to doing the things that you love with less downtime. You don’t need to sacrifice warmth and comfort to maintain your rugged lifestyle.
Hard Workers That Don’t Stop Until the Job Is Done
For people that work outdoors, dry gear is not just a matter of comfort, but safety. In cold and wet environments, wet socks and boots put workers at risk for conditions like frostbite and trench foot. Wet feet lose heat twenty-five times faster than dry feet. It doesn’t even need to be chilly, conditions like trench foot can start in temperatures as high as 60° F. If you have certain conditions like diabetes or hypertension, keeping your feet dry is even more important.
Working in wet boots can cause blisters and sores. Painful injuries on your feet can keep you from working and may require you to rest before returning to the job. As a foreman, you are required to train your employees on how to keep their equipment dry, as well as provide a dry and warm space for employees to take breaks from the cold. You can avoid delays on the job site by using a portable dryer like VersaDri.
Find The Package That’s Right For You
We offer three packages with different accessories to dry all of your gear. Our Standard package comes with the MobilDri portable dryer and shoe and glove attachments, as well as a storage bag. This package is great for people that don’t wear boots but still need their shoes and gloves dried out.
In our Deluxe package, you’ll get everything in the Standard package, as well as the BootDri extension tubes. These attach to the ShoeDri tubes to extend them and send heat all the way into the toes of your boots. This is the perfect kit for outdoorsmen that wear tall hiking boots and expect to get wet or muddy.
Our Premier package is the perfect kit for parents and construction workers because it can dry all of your outdoor gear. It is the most versatile and works for shoes, gloves, boots, and even helmets or hats.
It doesn’t matter if you are hard at work or hard at play, you deserve to use dry and comfortable gear. You don’t need to search any longer for the perfect boot or glove dryer. Shop our VersaDri products to find out what package is right for you and your family.


Role / Organisation
Documentary Films Pty Ltd
Barbara Chobocky is a veteran documentary filmmaker with more than fifty hours of productions to her credit. Many of these have been broadcast on television worldwide, at international films festivals, as well as locally within educational institutions and libraries. Her documentaries have been acknowledged as winner and finalist on numerous occasions in the ATOM Awards, Sydney Film Festival and AFI Awards.


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text:
Here's what we're eating this week:
- Monday - Leftover spaghetti & meatballs
- Tuesday - Chicken salad for the adults. Chicken + pasta for the kiddos.
- Wednesday - M is out of town, so it's probably going to be the ever popular breakfast for dinner. :-)
- Thursday - Uninspired at the moment, but I'm thinking of a pasta/sausage dish from the freezer.
- Friday - Salmon + rice (fish sticks for the kids)
- Saturday - Having our first "friend" sleepover, so we'll do something kid friendly, like pizza or tacos.
- Sunday - Risotto of some sort.
One of my favorite pictures from Nick's 6th birthday this weekend. I feel so lucky that he has three cousins so close in age. They are all wonderful boys, and have SO much fun together at all of the family events & holidays. The birthday boy is the cutie pie in the white shirt. :-)

domain: food


Design and Experiment of Intelligent Control System of Crop Partial Root-zone Alternative Irrigation
- 10.2991/mems.2012.140How to use a DOI?
- alternative irrigation;control system watersaving; ccontrol signal; ontrol module;soil moisture sensor Introduction
The existing alternative irrigation devices are still stuck in the stage manually select the irrigated area through human operation to achieve the selected area of irrigation, timeconsuming, response speed is slow. The existing irrigation devices need to use other means of experimental observations to determine the actual moisture content of the different regions of the crop root zone to determine which area needs irrigation and when it needs irrigation, has seriously affected the accuracy of the control .In this paper the intelligent control System of crop partial root-zone alternative irrigation are designed , the overall structure and principle of system are introduced ,designing the hardware and software of the system ,dong the test. Experiment results indicated that the system has fast response, good stability, and water using efficiency increased by 9%. This system is suitable for controlling the partial root-zone alternative irrigation automatically, the corn, cotton, potatoes and other field furrow irrigation of crops and fruit trees and greenhouse vegetable crops.
- © 2012, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.
- Open Access
- This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Cite this article
TY - CONF AU - Liu Yingchao AU - Hou Shulin AU - Kang Shaozhong AU - Du Taisheng AU - Xu Xiaofeng PY - 2012/12 DA - 2012/12 TI - Design and Experiment of Intelligent Control System of Crop Partial Root-zone Alternative Irrigation BT - Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Material Science (MEMS 2012) PB - Atlantis Press SP - 533 EP - 535 SN - 1951-6851 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/mems.2012.140 DO - 10.2991/mems.2012.140 ID - Yingchao2012/12 ER -


text:
Happy International Women’s Day (IWD) from all of us at Equus Software! Today we come together to promote women’s equality and achievements across the globe and here at Equus. This year’s theme #EmbraceEquity challenges us to look more closely at how we can practice and encourage equity in the workplace and beyond. Equity recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the resources and opportunities needed to attain equality. Equity is about treating everyone fairly, which in turn leads to equality.
While women account for over half of the workforce they hold fewer than 20% of leadership positions in the technology industry. According to Zippia, 39% of women in tech identify gender bias as an obstacle to getting promoted. By embracing equity we can create long-term change towards more equitable business practices and provide equal opportunities. Equus is committed to maintaining an equitable work environment and empowering our team to be leaders in their space.
An Interview With The Women Of Equus
We are honored to have many talented women at Equus in a wide range of positions, departments and leadership roles. In honor of International Women’s Day and this years theme #EmbraceEquity we have put the spotlight on some of our female colleagues to find out what IWD means to them. Keep reading to see what they have to say below.
What does International Women’s Day mean to you?
“I come from a family of strong, hardworking, and opinionated women – and have been fortunate to have met many others throughout my life. It’s the stories, influence, and support of these woman that inspire me. So, on this day, I celebrate them, and reflect how far women have come – even just in my lifetime. And, as women continue to make change, I think it’s important to remember to support each other. We can use this holiday as a reminder of the power we have as women when we join forces and work together to break down barriers and make positive change for the future.” – Mandy Hawks, Director of Marketing
As a female leader, what has been the most significant barrier in your career? Have you been confronted with gender-related roadblocks in your career?
“Gen-X children were still brought up in the age of girls do X while boys do Y. In the workplace, in order to progress it was expected that you were as good if not better than your male counterparts, especially in professional services, which were almost entirely led by men. I have worked in teaching, generalist HR, Global Mobility – all female dominated areas – and now technology; but looking back, I’ve never had a female ‘big’ boss. Having a senior female boss or mentor would have brought a new dimension of support and experience to my early career, so I always want to offer that opportunity to young women around me.”
– Vicki Marsh, SVP Solutions Consulting
How can we encourage and better support women to pursue senior leadership roles in their careers?
“There are many valuable things we can do. The two that I benefited greatest from during my career are: Offer flexible work arrangements such as part-time work, job sharing, and remote work because women generally bear greater child/elder care responsibilities. We should also remove the stigma, if exists, of men taking on primary caregiving roles. The second is to establish a mentorship program for women starting early in their careers to provide them a community of support. A culture of mentoring and coaching gives everyone a chance to develop leadership and bring up others.” – Vickie Lau, VP of Tax Solutions
In what ways do you embrace equity in the workplace?
“I have the unique pleasure of talking to people from all over the world. No matter the country or culture, I am enhanced by every interaction and conversation I have. DE&I is at the forefront of our global company. We not only respect and honor our colleagues but we utilize technology to celebrate them regularly and empower our employees to be their very best. It’s an amazing time to be part of a global community.”
– Teresa Bagby, Talent Manager
Why do you think it’s important to celebrate international women’s day?
“I’m incredibly fortunate to be surrounded by strong women; my mother, my sisters, and my friends. I would not be who I am today or achieved what I have without each of them, and everything I have learnt from and with them. Three generations ago women weren’t allowed to open their own bank accounts, and had to rely on their fathers or husbands for everything. And I sit here today with a roof over my head that’s all mine. This could only happen thanks to the women who have fought for our rights in years gone by, and continue to do so in ways big and small.” – Mahima Khurana, Client Solutions Manager
Based on your experience, what advice would you give to women entering the tech industry?
“It may be challenging and intimidating to enter a new industry. The most important thing is to have confidence in your own abilities and not restrict yourself to your past experiences. Be confident that you’re capable of carrying out the job! It will be challenging at first, so don’t be ashamed to acknowledge when you don’t know something and seek for help or for others to share their expertise. Asking questions doesn’t indicate lack of knowledge; it indicates a desire to learn.” – Kathlyn Aquino, Senior Integration Analyst
What does the IWD slogan #EmbraceEquity mean for you in your work life?
“To me #EmbraceEquity means that everyone is being treated fair. It is not about giving everyone the same thing but understanding that we are not the same, that everyone has different circumstances, background etc. and providing them the opportunities they need to be successful.” – Daria Rodrigues, Quality Assurance Engineer
Equus Software is delighted to celebrate International Women’s Day 2023 and this year’s theme #EmbraceEquity. We can all work to #EmbraceEquity in tech and across all industries and spaces to create equal opportunities for women everywhere.

domain: sociology


text:
Car accidents can be incredibly stressful and traumatic experiences, and the aftermath of a car accident can be just as challenging to navigate. If you or a loved one have been involved in a train accident, you may be feeling overwhelmed and unsure of what steps to take next. In these situations, it can be incredibly helpful to seek the guidance and support of a car accident lawyer.
(Searching in Google “Omaha injury lawyer”? Contact us today!)
Train accidents can be caused by a variety of factors, including driver error, faulty equipment, inadequate maintenance, and negligence on the part of the railroad company. Because trains are so large and heavy, even minor accidents can result in serious injuries and property damage. In addition to physical harm, train accidents can also result in emotional trauma, lost income, and ongoing medical expenses.
If you have been involved in a train accident, a car accident lawyer can help you understand your legal rights and options. Here are some ways that a car accident lawyer can assist you with a train accident case:
Investigation: A car accident lawyer can conduct a thorough investigation into the accident to determine the cause and identify any liable parties. This may involve gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and consulting with experts.
Negotiation: A car accident lawyer can negotiate with insurance companies and other parties on your behalf to ensure that you receive fair compensation for your injuries and damages. This may involve negotiating a settlement or taking the case to trial.
Legal representation: A car accident lawyer can provide legal representation and advocacy throughout the legal process, from filing a claim to representing you in court.
Expertise: A car accident lawyer has the expertise and experience necessary to navigate the complex legal system and ensure that your rights are protected. They can help you understand the laws and regulations that apply to your case and can guide you through the legal process.
In addition to helping you pursue legal action against the responsible parties, a car accident lawyer can also provide emotional support and guidance throughout the process. They can help you understand your legal rights and options and can advocate on your behalf to ensure that you receive the compensation and support you need to recover from your injuries.
If you or a loved one have been involved in a train accident, it is important to seek legal guidance as soon as possible. A car accident lawyer can help you understand your legal rights and options and can guide you through the process of pursuing legal action. With the right legal support, you can recover from your injuries and move forward with your life.

domain: law


text:
New plays by Chichester’s Kate Mosse and by Alecky Blythe will open the season.
Mosse’s play, The Taxidermist’s Daughter, premieres in the Festival Theatre in April 2022, directed by Róisín McBrinn (April 8-30). Alecky Blythe’s Our Generation, a co-production with the National Theatre, will be directed by Daniel Evans, opening the Minerva Theatre season (April 22-May 14).
Festival 2022 will also include Stephen Beresford’s new play The Southbury Child (June 13-25), directed by Nicholas Hytner with a cast led by Alex Jennings, a co-production with The Bridge Theatre, opening at Chichester in June before its London run. Tickets for this go on sale next year.
The Taxidermist’s Daughter has been adapted for the stage by Kate Mosse, a new play based on her novel, directed by Róisín McBrinn.
1912. In the isolated Blackthorn House on Sussex’s Fishbourne Marshes, Connie Gifford lives with her father. His Museum of Avian Taxidermy was once legendary, but since its closure Gifford has become a broken man, taking refuge in the bottle. Robbed of her childhood memories by a mysterious accident, Connie is haunted by fitful glimpses of her past. A strange woman has been seen in the graveyard; and at Chichester’s Graylingwell Asylum, two female patients have, inexplicably, disappeared. As a major storm hits the Sussex landscape, old wounds are about to be opened as one woman, intent on revenge, attempts to liberate another from the horrifying crimes of the past. The Taxidermist’s Daughter comes promised as a thrilling Gothic mystery set in and around historic Chichester.
Kate Mosse’s novels include The Languedoc Trilogy (Labyrinth, Sepulchre and Citadel) and her new historical series, The Burning Chambers; non-fiction includes An Extra Pair of Hands. She is founder director of the Women’s Prize for Fiction and Professor in Contemporary Fiction & Creative Writing at the University of Chichester.
Our Generation is a new play by Alecky Blythe, directed by Daniel Evans in a co-production with the National Theatre.
Blythe’s new verbatim play tells the stories of a generation. Created from five years of interviews with 12 young people from all four corners of the UK, Our Generation is a portrait of their teenage years as they journey into adulthood.
Alecky Blythe’s verbatim musical London Road premiered at the National Theatre in 2011 and she later adapted it for the 2015 feature film. Her other work includes Little Revolution (Almeida Theatre) and The Riots: In Their Own Words for BBC2.
Our Generation will be Daniel Evans’s directorial debut at the National Theatre; as an actor, his work there included Cardiff East, Peter Pan, Troilus and Cressida, Candide and The Merchant of Venice. His Chichester productions include South Pacific, This Is My Family, Quiz and Fiddler on the Roof.
The Southbury Child is new play by Stephen Beresford, directed by Nicholas Hytner
Raffish, urbane and frequently drunk, David Highland has kept a grip on his remote coastal parish through a combination of disordered charm and high-handed determination.
But when his faith impels him to take a hard line with a bereaved parishioner, he finds himself dangerously isolated from public opinion. As his own family begins to fracture and his marriage falls apart, David must face a future that threatens to extinguish not only his position in the town, but everything he stands for.
Stephen Beresford’s darkly comic new play is an exploration of family and community, the savage divisions of contemporary society and the rituals that punctuate our lives. His work includes The Last of the Haussmans at the National Theatre, an adaptation of Bergman’s Fanny & Alexander for The Old Vic and the BAFTA-winning film Pride.
Triple Olivier Award-winner Alex Jennings returns to Chichester to lead the cast. The Southbury Child reunites him with Nicholas Hytner who has previously directed him in Hymn and Cocktail Sticks, Collaborators, The Habit of Art, The Alchemist and The Winter’s Tale (all at the National Theatre) amongst others.
cft.org.uk; 01243 781312.


The Constellation News Leadership Initiative is a career development fellowship to support mid-career media professionals of color. As the inaugural Constellation class completed its fellowship this spring, we asked each fellow to write an essay reflecting on their experience by answering the following questions: Based on what you have learned and seen in journalism, how do you think the field will evolve in the future? What role do you want to play in that transformation?
Based on what I have learned and seen in journalism, I predict that the field will become more racially diverse, especially in leadership and coverage, as the times will accept no less. Newsrooms will become smaller as news organizations focus on, and invest in, digital journalism and eliminate or reduce their print products and office space and the costs associated with them. Newspapers will shift from coverage that is top down and driven by big institutions and big government to coverage that is driven by the community, from the ground up, as they attempt to remove racism and bias. I also see news organizations shifting from a reliance on ad revenue to other revenue streams such as digital subscriptions, events, memberships, and donations.. In addition, news organizations will more closely study their audiences and continually use analytics and metrics to drive product development, create new platforms to disseminate journalism, enable community members to become part of the journalism, and attract and keep newer and younger readers who are essential to future sustainability.
Long the main product for legacy news organizations, newspapers have for years relied on ad sales for their survival. But the internet changed this, allowing companies to advertise far more cheaply, expand their reach and get information to consumers more quickly. At the same time, various internet platforms became drivers of news and competitors of newspapers, disseminating information faster and to more people so that by the time the morning newspaper arrived, many of its stories already were old news. With the creation and use of the internet and ever changing technology, younger consumers are getting their news on their phones through social media while the generation of people who read the physical paper is aging. To compete and survive, newspapers will have to grow their digital audiences and products; meet consumers where they are; provide content that targeted audiences want; engage readers; and get them to come to our website, stay, and pay.
I want to become involved in identifying untapped audiences and expanding what we offer them to maximize our potential for more subscribers, members, donors and ultimately revenue. I want to support The Philadelphia Inquirer as it embraces a much needed cultural shift to remove racism and bias from its thinking, pages, and coverage. I want to help bridge the racial and generational divides that have arisen as the organization has attempted to change. Uniting is key as existing divisions have negatively affected the mood and climate in the newsroom, making The Inquirer newsroom a place where journalists of all races are quietly leaving and that potential hires are being discouraged from coming to work. As a newsroom leader, I would like to play a key role in the transformation of journalism by helping diversify and grow my own organization, The Philadelphia Inquirer, as it shifts from news print to a digitally driven product that is successful, culturally sensitive, and whose stories are in large part rooted in community.


text:
Tutor profile: Sarah B.
Subject: US Government and Politics
What amendment granted woman the right to vote?
The 19th Amendment.
Subject: Political Science
What was passed in 1964 that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
How many branches of government are there and why?
There is 3 branches of government - legislative, executive and judicial. The government was set up into 3 branches to provide checks and balances on each other, to ensure no branch was becoming too strong and powerful.
needs and Sarah will reply soon.


Jewellery worth more than $1m made by Swiss jeweller Chopard have been stolen at the Cannes film festival.
Victoria Beckham has led tributes to her husband David Beckham following his announcement that he's retiring from soccer.
"Cobie has got The Avengers that just made a billion dollars, Jason makes a ton of movies, I'm anxious to move East and Josh is directing and acting in movies as well. So, we all are anxious to move forward."'Financially right'Neil also admits the only reason any of the cast will sign up for another series is if it will be incredibly lucrative for them to do so.He told Access Hollywood: "I think the only way I think a season nine or any longer would happen would be [if it were] financially right - that's the reality of it. "We love the show, we love doing it - eight years is a long time and we're as happy a family as we've ever been."
24.com publishes all comments posted on articles provided that they adhere to our Comments Policy. Should you wish to report a comment for editorial review, please do so by clicking the 'Report Comment' button to the right of each comment.
Ratings for the American Idol finale has plunged to a record low for the 12-year-old show. Read More »
A painting of late Golden Girls actress Bea Arthur topless has sold for $1.9m at a New York City auction. Read More »
Kim Schulze can (barely) contain her excitement for the Baz Luhrmann version.
Watch the trailer for Joss Whedon's The Avengers TV spin-off.
Check out pics of Day 1 at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
Due Drop Deluxe is unique to the SA market.
The good, the bad and the ugly from this year's SA Music Awards.
A fanboy revisits the first movie he ever truly loved - 20 years later...
The US rockers and their fans having the night of their lives in Joburg.
Pics: Justin Bieber performs for 75 000 fans at the FNB Stadium.
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text:
- SNES – A Favorite Amongst Classic Console Game Collectors
- Console Games – Do They Reduce Socializing?
- The Amazing History And Development Of Console Gaming
- Are Console Games Out – Is the Evolution of Gaming Technology Causing its Extinction?
- Its Now Easy to Backup Console Games Thanks to This Clever Software
Author Archives: dayat
The Super Nintendo Entertainment System, or SNES for short, is a 16-bit gaming console released between 1990 and 1992 depending upon geographical location. The SNES was the best selling 16-bit console although it received heavy competition from Sega’s 16-bit console … Continue reading
Console games can seem like a great way to spend an evening with friends. Console games like Wii seem to encourage this. They advertise the group aspects with family or friends, showing the fun that a party of people can … Continue reading
Games are at a totally new level! People have developed a lot of ways on how to be able to interact with their games themselves. We all can say thank you to the fast development of technology as a lot … Continue reading

domain: entertainment


text:
Check out this item in my Etsy shop https://www.etsy.com/listing/246438808/primitive-picture-ladder
#DIY grunge candles with Modge Podge for a primitive look. This technique also works on plastic #battery powered candles - ensuring the safety of your family. #candle
DIY Painted Wood Slice Pumpkins. Make adorable craft wood slice pumpkins from wood and paint! Tutorial via
If Our Dog Doesn't Like You....Rustic Wood by ArasFavoriteThings
How to prim up a Dollar Store Battery-Operated Candle - easy tutorial.
deco mesh christmas tree | Large Christmas Tree Wreath- Deco Mesh Christmas Tree Wreath
Lmfao - some shit shouldn't be upcycled! At least not like this! - "Free primitive lighting craft ideas and tutorials"

domain: artistic


Being a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization, we are highly instrumental in providing an extensive array of Laboratory Centrifuge Machine. Provided centrifuge machine is majorly used in the laboratory for measuring the density of liquids. Our offered centrifuge machine can be used for sedimentation of cells and viruses or to isolate macromolecules like DNA. These machine are widely used in biology, biochemistry, environmental, pharmaceutical and clinical testing. Apart from this, our offered Laboratory Centrifuge Machine is known for their high functionality, energy efficient, hassle-free operation and excellent performance.
Main Export Market(s)
Africa, Middle East, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, South America, North America, Central America, Australia, Asia


text:
100 - Elevate Knives Carousel Set
The handy Spiralizer is now available in the Editions colour way. The design of this self-containing spiralizer keeps mess to a minimum collecting food as you cut it and makes spiralizing a whole range of vegetables super neat and easy.
Care & use:
Dimensions: H16 x W7.8 x D7.8cm (H6½ x W3 x D3 inches)

domain: design


|Publication number||US7859234 B2|
|Application number||US 11/399,338|
|Publication date||Dec 28, 2010|
|Filing date||Apr 7, 2006|
|Priority date||Apr 7, 2006|
|Also published as||US20070236274|
|Publication number||11399338, 399338, US 7859234 B2, US 7859234B2, US-B2-7859234, US7859234 B2, US7859234B2|
|Inventors||Chih-Feng Huang, Ta-Yung Yang|
|Original Assignee||System General Corp.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (11), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a switch circuit. More particularly, the present invention relates to a switch circuit to control on/off of a high voltage source.
2. Description of Related Art
wherein R15 is a resistance of the resistor 15.
The high voltage source VIN would be as high as 350VDC when a high line voltage is connected. Therefore, a significant power loss will be produced at the resistor 15. The resistor 15 in high resistance such as several mega ohms can be used to reduce the power loss. However such the resistor 15 in high resistance is not appropriate to be built into an integrated circuit. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a high efficiency switch circuit to switch on/off of the high voltage source, specifically to develop an integrated circuit to switch on/off of the high voltage source.
The present invention provides a switch circuit to control on/off of a high voltage source. It includes a JFET transistor, a resistive device, a first transistor and a second transistor. The JFET transistor is coupled to input the high voltage source. The first transistor is connected in serial with the JFET transistor to output a voltage in response to the high voltage source. The second transistor is coupled to control the first transistor and the JFET transistor in response to a control signal. The resistive device is coupled to the JFET transistor and the first transistor to provide a bias voltage to turn on the JFET transistor and the first transistor when the second transistor is turned off. Once the second transistor is turned on, the first transistor is turned off and the JFET transistor is negative biased.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A control signal SN is connected to an input terminal of the switch circuit to turn on the second transistor 50 for turning off the high voltage source VIN. A gate terminal of the second transistor 50 is coupled to receive the control signal SN through an inverter 40. An input terminal of the inverter 40 is coupled to receive the control signal SN. An output terminal of the inverter 40 is coupled to the gate terminal of the second transistor 50. A source terminal of the second transistor 50 is coupled to the ground. A drain terminal of the second transistor 50 is connected to the gate terminal of the first transistor 25 and the third terminal of the JFET transistor 20. Therefore the resistive device 30 provides the bias voltage to turn on the first transistor 25 and the JFET transistor 20 when the second transistor 50 is turned off in response to the enabling state of the control signal SN.
Once the second transistor 50 is turned on in response to the disabling state of the control signal SN, the first transistor 25 is turned off to disable the high voltage source VIN to the load 10. Meanwhile, the resistive device 30 will provide a negative bias to the JFET transistor 20 that the second transistor 50 provides the negative bias to the JFET transistor 20 through the resistive device 30. The JFET transistor 20 has a negative threshold voltage −VTH.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention covers modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4060846 *||Jul 20, 1976||Nov 29, 1977||United Technologies Corporation||High security lock|
|US4931656 *||Mar 7, 1988||Jun 5, 1990||Dionics Inc.||Means to dynamically discharge a capacitively charged electrical device|
|US5656956 *||Jan 24, 1996||Aug 12, 1997||Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha||Logic gate circuit and digital integrated circuit|
|US6125046 *||Nov 5, 1999||Sep 26, 2000||Fairfield Korea Semiconductor Ltd.||Switching power supply having a high efficiency starting circuit|
|US6181541 *||Oct 22, 1998||Jan 30, 2001||Shukri Souri||Transistor-PTC circuit protection devices|
|US6259618 *||May 3, 2000||Jul 10, 2001||Analog And Power Electronics Corp.||Power chip set for a switching mode power supply having a device for providing a drive signal to a control unit upon startup|
|US6614281 *||May 29, 2000||Sep 2, 2003||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Method and device for disconnecting a cascode circuit with voltage-controlled semiconductor switches|
|US6865093 *||May 27, 2003||Mar 8, 2005||Power Integrations, Inc.||Electronic circuit control element with tap element|
|US7082020 *||Jan 3, 2002||Jul 25, 2006||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Electronic switching device and an operating method thereof|
|US20070236970 *||Apr 11, 2006||Oct 11, 2007||Ta-Yung Yang||High voltage start up circuit for power converters|
|US20070247225 *||Apr 19, 2006||Oct 25, 2007||Chih-Feng Huang||Switching circuit of power converter having voltage-clipping device to improve efficiency|
|U.S. Classification||323/273, 323/274, 323/353, 323/284|
|Cooperative Classification||H03K17/102, H03K17/687, H03K17/567, H03K2017/6875|
|European Classification||H03K17/567, H03K17/687, H03K17/10B|
|Apr 17, 2006||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: SYSTEM GENERAL CORP., TAIWAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:YANG, TA-YUNG;HUANG, CHIH-FENG;REEL/FRAME:017491/0078
Effective date: 20060402
|May 26, 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 2, 2016||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: FAIRCHILD (TAIWAN) CORPORATION, TAIWAN
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SYSTEM GENERAL CORP.;REEL/FRAME:038594/0168
Effective date: 20140620


text:
We’ve been told to “just say no” to drugs. We’ve been warned. We’ve been prosecuted and imprisoned and rehabilitated. We’ve been cajoled and counseled and criticized. Yet we haven’t been convinced. At least not enough to change our deadly ways. We’re a nation of drug addicts. And our addictions are killing us. In the first...
- Hope Rekindled
This past week has given us more hope for our diseased republic than any other time in 50+ years of paying attention. Observing and participating in a long-overdue peaceful uprising, occupying the streets, feeling the righteous energy of people of all ages, colors, faiths, and wealth (or lack thereof), has…
- Craig Taborn’s “60 x Sixty”
Orginally posted on September 15, 2021
The prolific pianist-keyboardist-musician Craig Taborn has bequeathed to the world a fascinating (and addictive) conceptual recording called “60 x Sixty.” (It’s technically a Pyroclastic Records release, but free to experience and enjoy.) Comprised of sixty compositions, each one minute in duration, the suite of sounds rotates and shuffles with each play, updating periodically with new...


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text:
Boston Foundation for Sight
Boston Foundation for Sight is a world renowned nonprofit eye health care organization. Our mission is to improve the quality of life for patients and their families by transforming the understanding, treatment and care of complex corneal disease. Since 1992 we have restored sight to thousands of patients from around the world.
Our Needham, MA Center of Excellence includes a Medical Institute, a Research Center, a state-of-the-art Manufacturing Lab and a Patient and Family Support Center. Compassionate care is at the heart of our approach to medicine.
BostonSight PROSE is a treatment to restore the vision of patients with complex corneal disease, enabling them to reclaim their lives. During PROSE treatment doctors custom design and fit prosthetic devices to replace or support damaged ocular functions; improving vision and reducing pain and light sensitivity.
BostonSight PROSE treatment is available at top-ranked academic medical centers and clinics around the world through our PROSE Provider Network

domain: medical


text:
|Format:||LP + 7"|
|Label:||Soul Jazz Records|
Trees Speak’s new album, ‘PostHuman’, once again blends 1970s
German electronic and ‘motorik’ krautrock instrumentals (think
Harmonia, Can, Cluster, Popul Vuh, Neu!), haunting and powerful
1960s and 1970s soundtracks (think Italian prog rock, Goblin and
John Carpenter horror movies, Morricone and existential John Barry
spy movies), together with a New York no wave electronic synth and
guitar analogue DIY-ness (think Suicide, anything on Soul Jazz’s
‘New York Noise’ series or Eno’s New York No Wave).
Drawing further upon German high concept albums from the likes of
Tangerine Dream and Klaus Schulze from the 1970s, Trees Speak
create their own powerful new landscapes of sound that manage to
be at once contemporary as well as both timeless and with a sense of
This powerful new album is a high concept collage of retro-futurist
science-fiction music, fantastically illustrated by the artist Eric Lee - a
dramatic vision of life after humanity.
Initial vinyl pressing includes an exclusive bonus 45 single - ‘Machine
Vision’ and ‘Seventh Mirror’.
Chamber of Frequencies
Elements of Matter
Bonus 7” (SJRLP469 only)


text:
The potential in Latin America is real, vast and attainable
When it comes to unlocking this potential and achieving sustainable returns on investment, organisations will only find success if they have a thorough understanding the local political and socio-economic context, conduct comprehensive due diligence on projects and partners, and implement a robust risk mitigation plan to see their investments through.
Our teams based in Mexico, Colombia, Brazil and Guyana, with a technology-hub in Panama, have an extensive track record supporting international clients in navigating the shifting regulatory, political, security and social risks related to operating in Latin America’s complex markets.
Looking to invest or grow your business in Latin America? Submit your details below and one of our experts will be in touch.

domain: finance


text:
Learn more about Dr. Terry Martin:
View the full profile to get information on:
- What's important to you
View full profile
The overall average patient rating of Dr. Terry Martin is Average.
Prepare before visiting Dr. Martin
Skin Cancer Patient Education Read about Melanoma, basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma types in our skin cancer patient education guide.Before Visiting Dr. Martin Learn More
|More Patient Guides & Topics|
Specialties & Research
Dr. Terry Martin, MD is board certified in Diagnostic Radiology.
Education & Awards
Dr. Martin graduated from University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Dr. Martin has 1 hospital affiliations:
- St Vincent's Birmingham Hospital
Similar doctors nearby
- Additional Information
- Dr. Terry Keith Martin MD is a male Diagnostic Radiologist, has 32 years of experience and practices in Diagnostic Radiology.
- Where does Dr. Terry K. Martin practice?
- Dr. Terry Martin has 3 office locations.
Dr. Terry Martin practices Diagnostic Radiology near Birmingham, AL.
See Birmingham Radiologists.


text:
Trenbolone Enanthate 50mg/ml
Trenbolone Hexahydrobenzylcarbonate 50mg/ml
Trenbolone Acetate 50mg/ml
Trinaxyl 150 is Trenbolone Mix by Kalpa Pharmaceuticals
A scheduled drug can alter the body and accelerate the healing process. Tri-Tren or Trenbolone Mix is the globally known name that has been refurbished and marketed by Kalpa Pharmaceuticals as Trinaxyl 150. The component is the mix of three prominent Trenbolone esters.
Trenbolone based Trinaxyl 150 is based on three different Trenbolone esters. There are Trenbolone Acetate 50mgs, Trenbolone Enanthate 50mgs, and Trenbolone Hex 50mgs. The component has a longer active life that lasts for 10 to 12 days. The best thing about the long esters are their depot formations that keep the body thriving for longer. It can be detected for over 7 days.
The component Trinaxyl 150 is a strong steroid formation that holds the anabolic-androgenic ratio of 500:500. The strong component can effectively be stacked up with Anadrol, Winstrol, Deca Durabolin, Boldenone, and many other low-dose anabolic steroids, which can be effective for anabolic boosts to retain physical and sexual potency, strengthening the muscles and to help the body stay fit after muscle wasting diseases like AIDS and cancer.
Trinaxyl 150 contains Trenbolone Acetate that elevates the plasma levels in the blood at a rapid pace. The Hexahydrobenzylcarbonate and Trenbolone Enanthate ester get released in the blood stream in relatively slower rate.
The component has its metabolism in the human liver. The component is 19-nor testosterone AAS that indicates the lack of the carbon atom at the 19th position. This makes it similar to Nandrolone but the double bond on 9th and 11th position differ Trinaxyl 150 or Trenbolone Mix from Nandrolone.
The dosages for Trinaxyl 150 are 150 to 600mgs per week. The experts would decide the dosage regulations and taking overdoses might be strongly adverse for most of the users. Hence, it would be ideal to consider the usual dosages to enjoy benefits.
The expected muscle gains would be 10 to 12kgs within 12 to 16 weeks, with that there would be significant muscle gain as well. Within the first 2 to 3 days of the short esters, the significant changes would follow strong kicks within muscles.
The dosages may also increase muscle hardening, libido increase and various other relative threats to the body. This is a good steroid for effective cutting phases.
Mood swing, muscle stiffening, sweating, unrest and insomnia may immediately follow a strong dosage. The issues of sleep-deprivation may be considered a common occurrence as usual. Tren cough may also follow as a result of higher dosages. The component can promote significant lean muscle gain that would be beneficial on both the medical and non-medical purposes. Hair loss, unwanted body hair and acne are the common symptoms to appear as side effects. Women may face difficulties with enlarged clitoris, deepening voice, and virilization.
It is advised to maintain a balanced and sugar-rich diet during the course of Trinaxyl 150 cycles. The hepatotoxicity issues should be admitted soon as they are noticed to avoid serious consequences. Any allergic or over-sensitivity issue towards the component or any of the esters may raise a health concern, which should be duly checked by any medical expert.
In order to avoid any scam sites or any unlicensed products it is highly recommended to verify the supplier. You can validate your supplier by checking his email, website and the pharmaceutical items that he is selling. Please input below the full web address of your supplier, any email you have from him or the ISNs from your Kalpa Pharmaceuticals products. Verify and be safe.