text:
- Research note
- Open Access
Handgrip exercise by the non-affected hand increases venous return in the contralateral axillary vein in patients with stroke: a pilot study
BMC Research Notes volume 11, Article number: 374 (2018)
Treatment of hand edema is important for maintaining upper limb function in patients with stroke, although the effects of many such treatments have been limited. This study aimed to examine, using ultrasound, the effect of handgrip exercise by the non-affected hand of stroke patients on venous return in the affected upper limb.
Seven men participated, within 6 months of a unilateral first-ever stroke. With the patient supine, examinations were performed on the axillary vein of the affected side. The diameter and flow velocity of the axillary vein on the affected side were measured during two regimens: at rest or during rhythmic resistance exercise (30% of maximum grip strength for 20 s) performed by the non-affected hand. The venous flow volume in the axillary vein was then calculated using the data obtained. During resistance exercise by the non-affected hand, there were significant increases in both venous flow velocity (p = 0.01, d = − 0.80) and volume (p = 0.01, d = − 0.74) on the affected side, compared with baseline. The present preliminary study found that rhythmic resistance exercise with the non-affected hand increased venous flow velocity and volume in the affected upper limb of patients with stroke.
Edema or swelling of an affected hand is often observed in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. The incidence of hand edema varies from 9 to 80%, depending on the study’s definitions and measurements [1,2,3]. One of the causes of hand edema is obstructed venous return . Post-stroke edema has been attributed to impaired functioning of the venous return and lymphatic system as a result of immobility . Persistent hand edema is associated with pain and fibrotic tissue , resulting in an unfavorable effect on hand function. These conditions may even lead to permanent loss of upper limb function. Therefore, the treatment to reduce hand edema is important for maintaining upper limb function in patients with stroke.
In previous studies, treatments for alleviating edema included intermittent compression , upper limb elevation , wrist orthosis , continuous passive motion , and the use of kinesio tape , but their effects were limited. It therefore became apparent that novel, more effective interventions for post-stroke hand edema were required. Recently, Ishii et al.  reported that the deoxy-hemoglobin of non-exercising upper limb muscles in 13 healthy men decreased during contralateral one-armed cranking exercise. The direction of changes in deoxy-hemoglobin is determined by changes in the venous blood volume . Hence, Ishii et al.’s results suggested that venous return might be promoted in the affected hand by contralateral hand exercise.
Ultrasound (US) can provide information about the diameter and flow velocity in the deep veins of the arm . However, there have been no previous reports on US evaluation of venous return in the affected hands of stroke patients.
We hypothesized that contralateral venous blood volume increases according to non-affected hand exercise and can be measured by US. The purpose of the present study was to examine, using US, the effect of handgrip exercise by the non-affected hand on the venous return in the affected upper limb in patients with stroke. The present study’s results could have consequences for the development of a new intervention for post-stroke hand edema based on venous return.
Seven men (mean age 60 years, range 44–73 years) within 6 months of their unilateral first-ever stroke participated in the study. All patients were admitted to the post-acute rehabilitation unit of Gifu Central Hospital or Tokai Memorial Hospital in Japan. Patients with severe cognitive impairment and those with cardiac pacemakers were not included in the study. The study protocol, which met the standards of the Declaration of Helsinki, was approved by the research ethics committees of Seijoh University (Approval Number 2016C0022), Gifu Central (Approval Number 133), and Tokai Memorial Hospital. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant before all procedures. All experiments were performed in a soundproof room in which the temperature was maintained at 24–26 °C.
All examinations were performed on the axillary vein of the affected side with the patient in supine position and the arms kept alongside the body. The diameter and flow velocity of the axillary vein in the affected upper limb was measured using a Xario US device (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) with a 7.5-MHz linear probe. Accurate identification of the vein was confirmed by a positive compressive pressure test and by assessing venous flow via color Doppler imaging.
The diameter (mm) of the axillary vein of the affected upper limb was assessed using B-mode images of the vessel in the longitudinal plane. Time-averaged mean velocity (cm/s) was also assessed using pulse-wave Doppler imaging.
Doppler spectra for calculating the time-averaged mean velocity (cm/s) was obtained in a longitudinal plane at the same site with an insonating angle maintained at < 60°. The sample volume was positioned at the center of the vessel, and the amplitude was adjusted to allow sampling of 50–70% of the vessel lumen .
Using the obtained data, we calculated the venous flow volume (ml/min) in the axillary vein using the following equation:
A digital handgrip dynamometer (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Niigata, Japan) was used to measure the maximum grip strength of the non-affected hand of each patient. Grip strength (kg) was measured and recorded as the average of two repetitions. Following the measurement of grip strength, participants were allowed rest breaks of at least 10 min in supine position.
The diameter and flow velocity of the axillary vein on the affected side were measured during two distinct regimens: baseline (rest) or rhythmic resistance exercise (30% of maximum grip strength for 20 s with the movement guided by a metronome at a pace of 1 s/cycle). After a rest period, the diameter (mm) and time-averaged mean velocity (cm/s) were measured as baseline data. Following these measurements, the same parameters were measured during rhythmic resistance exercise. During the handgrip exercise, subjects were told to maintain normal breathing. Each US measurement lasted 15 s.
Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline and immediately after the rhythmic resistance exercise regimen using an automatic monitor (HEM-780; Omron, Kyoto, Japan).
Paired t-tests were performed to detect the significance of the differences between the baseline values and those measured during the rhythmic resistance exercise for the dynamometer readings, time-averaged mean velocity, and venous flow volume in the axillary vein; blood pressure; and heart rate. In addition, the effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated between the two regimens. All statistical analyses were performed with HAD version 16 software . A value of p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The effect size was calculated with Cohen’s “d” method, where d = 0.2 indicated a small effect, d = 0.5 a medium effect, and d = 0.8 a large effect.
The baseline and rhythmic resistance data are shown in Table 1. There was no significant difference in the venous diameters between the baseline and rhythmic resistance exercise values. In contrast, there was a significant increase in the time-averaged mean velocity during resistance exercise compared with baseline. There was also a significant increase in the venous flow volume during resistance exercise compared with baseline. For the time-averaged mean velocity and venous flow volume, there was not only a significant difference between baseline and resistance exercise but the effect size was moderate.
There was no significant difference in the blood pressure or heart rate between the baseline and rhythmic resistance exercise measurements. No fatigue or adverse events (e.g., pain, discomfort) were reported by the participants throughout the study.
In the present pilot study, we examined whether handgrip exercise by the non-affected hand of a stroke patient promotes venous return in the contralateral, affected arm. We calculated venous flow volume according to the venous diameter and the time-averaged mean flow velocity in the axillary vein measured by US. We found that rhythmic resistance exercise by the non-affected hand significantly increased venous flow velocity and volume in the affected upper limb, although the diameter of the axillary vein showed no statistically significant increase. Additionally, a moderate effect was observed for a difference in both venous flow velocity and volume between the measurements at baseline and during resistance exercise. These new findings suggest that exercise by the non-affected hand promotes venous return in the contralateral, affected upper limb in hemiplegic patients.
This study is the first report of increased venous return due to exercise by the contralateral hand without any influence of the systemic circulation. As peripheral venous return is to the heart, it is recognized in two main factors: the muscle pump and the respiratory pump. In the present study, we speculated on the possibility of a third pump—a “contralateral limb exercise pump”—although the mechanism remains unclear. We suggest that it might be an effect of the pressure distribution of the superior vena cava during the exercise cycle.
There was no significant difference in the venous diameter between the baseline and resistance exercise conditions in this study, but the venous flow velocity significantly increased. In a previous study, Ojima et al.  reported no differences in the popliteal vein or common femoral vein diameters between the at-rest condition and during electrical muscle stimulation, although peak venous flow velocities were higher during electrical muscle stimulation than at rest. Likewise, the increased venous flow volume resulted primarily from increases in the time-averaged mean flow velocity in this study using rhythmic handgrip exercise. Ishii et al.  reported a heart rate increase during the early period (10–20 s) of voluntary one-arm cranking with 35–40% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Victor et al.  reported that the mean arterial pressure and heart rate increased during the first minute of rhythmic handgrip at 30% MVC. However, there were no statistically significant differences in blood pressure or heart rate between the baseline and resistance exercise measurements in the present study because of the short exercise duration (20 s). Because of the differences in the exercise (including contraction and exercise times), the blood pressure and heart rate must not have been influenced in the present study. There were no adverse events attributable to the study conditions. We believe that the protocol used in the present study is safe.
Following stroke, hand edema on the affected side is a common complication. In previous studies, the effects of treatment for edema has had limited effectiveness, indicating that a novel treatment for edema of the affected hand would be required. In this pilot study, we clarified that venous return in the affected arm was promoted by handgrip exercising with the non-affected hand and that it was safe. Although using the affected arm for any activity is generally difficult for patients with hemiplegia, it is easy for them to move the non-affected hand. Hence, further research is necessary to confirm and expand upon the results of this study.
This preliminary study of seven male stroke patients found that resistance exercise by the non-affected hand increased venous flow velocity and volume in their contralateral, affected upper limb. The study included only a small number of subjects in supine position. Additional research is therefore encouraged to confirm the effectiveness of exercise by the non-affected hand to increase the venous return of the affected upper limb while in a sitting position or using a handgrip exercise without resistance.
The present study has some limitations. First, because it was a pilot study using a small sample, the results should be considered preliminary and viewed with caution, although resistance exercise induced a significant increase in venous flow velocity and volume compared with baseline. Second, resistance exercise was set at only 30% MVC of the handgrip. Ishii et al.  suggested the possibility that one-armed passive arm motion causes a change in venous blood oxygenation and volume in non-contracting arm muscles. Therefore, the use of handgrip exercise without resistance should be established in a future study. Third, we measured the hemodynamics of the venous circulation in supine patients with stroke. It is generally recommended, however, that stroke patients be mobilized to an active sitting or standing position as soon after stroke as possible. Stern et al.  reported that the venous volume of upper-extremity edema differs depending on the patient’s posture. Therefore, venous hemodynamics must be measured in stroke patients not only in the supine position but also when sitting.
maximum voluntary contraction
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Shimizu H. An introduction to the statistical free software HAD: suggestions to improve teaching, learning and practice data analysis. J Media Inf Commun. 2016;1:5973 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Ojima M, Takegawa R, Hirose T, Ohnishi M, Shiozaki T, Shimazu T. Hemodynamic effects of electrical muscle stimulation in the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis for intensive care unit patients: a randomized trial. J Intensive Care. 2017;5:9.
Victor RG, Bertocci LA, Pryor SL, Nunnally RL. Sympathetic nerve discharge is coupled to muscle pH during exercise in humans. J Clin Invest. 1988;82:1301–5.
Stern EB. Volumetric comparison of seated and standing test postures. Am J Occup Ther. 1991;45:801–5.
HH and MA conceived the design of the study, performed data collection and data analyses, and drafted the manuscript. BM contributed to data collection and critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We acknowledge Edanz Group for their professional English editing services. We thank Nancy Schatken, BS, MT (ASCP), from Edanz Group (http://www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Availability of data and materials
The data sets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Consent for publication
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study protocol, which met the standards of the Declaration of Helsinki, was approved by the research ethics committees of Seijoh University (Approval Number 2016C0022), Gifu Central (Approval Number 133), and Tokai Memorial Hospital. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant before all procedures.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 16K21468.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
About this article
Cite this article
Hayashi, H., Abe, M. & Matsuoka, B. Handgrip exercise by the non-affected hand increases venous return in the contralateral axillary vein in patients with stroke: a pilot study. BMC Res Notes 11, 374 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3475-6
- Venous return
- Upper limb
- Rhythmic resistance exercise
- Affected hand


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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 24. Chapters: Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Ali Pasha, Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, Pashko Vasa, Anton Santori, Jeronim de Rada, Muhamet Kyçyku, Mit'hat Frashëri, Giuseppe Serembe, Koto Hoxhi, Gavril Dara the Younger, Filip Shiroka, Thimi Mitko, Ibrahim Pasha of Berat, Gülcemal Sultan, Osman Taka, Bernardo Bilotta, Murat Toptani, Ibrahim Bushati, Dervish Hima, Mustafa Reshiti, Jahja Ballhysa, Alush bey Frakulla, Babë Dud Karbunara, Riza Zogolli, Kurt Agë Kadiu, Hajredin Cakrani, Ibrahim Efendiu, Mustafa Hanxhiu, Ymer Deliallisi, Abaz Çelkupa, Ferit Vokopola, Mustafa Baruti, Qemal Mullai, H. Myrtezai, Vehbi Dibra, Hamdi Ohri, Zyhdi Ohri, Nebi Sefa, Xhelal Koprencka, Xhelal Deliallisi, Nuri Sojlliu, Abdi Toptani, Sherif Lengu, Taq Tutulani. Excerpt: Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (Arabic: , ) (Mehmet Ali Pasha in Albanian; Kavalal? Mehmet Ali Pa?a in Turkish) (4 March 1769 - 2 August 1849) was an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who became W?li, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military economic and cultural spheres that he instituted. He also ruled Levantine territories outside Egypt. The dynasty that he established would rule Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. The spelling of Muhammad Ali's first name in both Arabic, and Ottoman Turkish was consistent: ???? (Muhammad). This is the name by which he was known to his Egyptian subjects, and the name used uniformly in Egyptian, and Arab historical scholarship. However, given his original status as a commander in the Ottoman military, his first name is often rendered as Mehmed, or Mehmet, as this was the way in which his name was pronounced by his Albanian co-nationals and the Turkish-speaking leadership. Current English-language hist...
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Then, you’ll go to the arena and I will give you tips to develop a collaborative relationship with the horse. When you feel secure and confident, I will guide you to create a connection with your horse so that he will respond and move with you.
Using non verbal communication – the language of the horse – you will be able to ask the horse do a circle at different speeds at total liberty.
There will be plenty of photo opportunities to capture some unique and magical moments. By the end of the experience, you will have discovered natural horsemanship, learned about animal communication and experienced the horse mirror effect. There is no riding involved. The experience consists of ground work activities only so no prior experience with horses is needed.

domain: hobby


Women’s Marina Kaštela Volleyball Club Wins the Croatian Championship
The ladies of the women’s Marina KaštelaVolleyball Club have realised their dream of winning the Croatian Volleyball Championship. Marina KaštelaandBavadriahave been their main sponsors since day one. With this win, they have concluded the best season in the history of the club. They have won the Croatia Supercup, the Croatia Cup and, in the end, the Championship by beating the Mladost team in Zagreb with a score of 1:3.
The Marina KaštelaVolleyball Club, in terms of its inception, is the youngest club in the Croatian Volleyball League. In mere 17 years of the Club’s existence, the ladies have climbed to the very top. In addition to the first line-up, the younger female players have also achieved excellent feats this season by winning the first and second places in the National Volleyball League, as well as the first place at the Dalmatia Championship. Therefore, we expect to see more seasons with such successes.


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Cheeseburger Soup – Soup made like a perfect burger in a cheesy creamy broth. Chock full of veggies, potatoes and beef for a perfect easy soup the whole family will love!
A delicious creamy blend of hamburger, cheese and veggies. A soup that nobody can resist. Perfect for summer or winter. This soup is a hit with the whole family.
Who makes soup in August? This girl does. I make it all year round actually. It’s such an easy lunch for my hubby and it’s his favorite thing to pack on the go.
We don’t go more than 2 weeks without making soup in our home. I don’t mind. I’m turning into a soup lover. The weird thing is I used to really dislike it. Now, I’ll eat almost any soup you put in front of me. Funny, how our tastes change. Isn’t it?
For me, it’s probably more like my attitude towards soup has changed. Now it’s fun to try new things. So you’ll probably see plenty more soup recipes around here in the future.
This cheeseburger soup gets gets gobbled up quickly in my house. The kids love it and always want seconds. So in order to have anything to freeze, I have to triple the recipe. This one is easy to make. A little time is consumed by chopping veggies but it’s well worth it. You can make quick work of chopping the veggies by doing it in the food processor. This saves me quite a bit of time.
This flavor is fabulous. It combines meat with veggies in a velvety cheese sauce perfect for dinner or lunch, family or friends, summer or winter. You just can’t go wrong.
Hot or cold? It doesn’t matter give this soup and try and I know you’ll be glad you did!
Love and blessings,
Til we meet and eat again,
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- 1/2 pound ground beef
- 3/4 cup chopped onion
- 3/4 cup shredded carrots
- 3/4 cup diced celery
- 1 teaspoon dried basil
- 1 teaspoon dried parsley flakes
- 4 tablespoons butter divided
- 3 cups chicken broth
- 4 cups diced peeled potatoes 1-3/4 pounds
- 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
- 2 cups 8 ounces shredded sharp cheddar cheese
- 1-1/2 cups milk
- 3/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon pepper
- In a medium pot, brown ground beef; drain and set aside. In the same pot, saute the onion, carrots, celery, basil and parsley in 1 tablespoon butter until vegetables are tender, about 10 minutes. Add the broth, potatoes, and ground beef; bring to a boil.
- Reduce heat; cover and simmer for 10-12 minutes or until potatoes are tender.
- Meanwhile, in a small skillet, melt remaining butter. Add flour. Cook and stir for 3-5 minutes or until it bubbles. Add this mixture to the soup. Let it come to a boil. Cook and stir for 2 minutes. Reduce heat to low. Stir in the cheese, milk, salt and pepper; cook and stir until cheese melts and is heated through.
Recipe source: Adapted from Taste of Home
Made this for lunch today. Both of my picky two year olds wouldn’t even try it, but I loved it. And the house still smells yummy 🙂 Can’t wait to have the leftovers. Thanks for sharing, Mel!
Thanks Tracey! The feedback is always appreciated. Glad you enjoyed it!
Kumar's Kitchen says
this is such an adorable, comforting soup, whats not to like in this delicious sip….will surely make it this weekend, thanks for the recipe 🙂
Thanks! Let me know how you like it when you’ve tried it.
Yummy soup! This really hit the spot on this cold, rainy day! Thanks for sharing!
Thanks Linsdsey! Glad you were able to try it!
Made this for dinner and it is delicious! You said that you freeze some? Does it freeze well with the milk and cheese in it?
It did freeze well. I’ve heard the rule of thumb for freezing soups is those with milk don’t freeze well. We have had success with freezing this soup though. We’ve never froze it more than 3 weeks because my husband takes soup to work every day. Hope it works out for you!
Ashley C says
I freeze lots of milk based soups, and you can too. The key I found (and researched the heck out of) is to defrost COMPLETELY before cooking. I’m not sure if this plays a roll in my success, but I also make the soups with only half the amount of milk, portion into freezer dishes or zip block bags and freeze. When ready to use I defrost completely and then add the rest of the required milk. I usually only add enough to liquefy just enough as I prefer thicker bases. I hope this works for you guys!
I am making the cheeseburger soup now and I was curious if you had tried a beef broth instead of chicken? I would like to think because I am using ground beef, I can get away with using beef broth. Let me know what you think!
Thank you Ashley! I do freeze milk based soups now. They work out fairly well but don’t seem to work as good when I pack them in my hubby’s Thermos for work. But I’m so glad that we can freeze all kinds of soups to enjoy later on. Thanks for the tip.
I would say that in this case both would work well. It makes complete sense to use beef broth. However for my personal preference I enjoy the chicken broth in this one. This is a go-to soup that we make several times throughout the winter because the whole family loves it. Enjoy! Let me know how it works out for you please. Thanks.
The Wellings family just ate this for dinner. YUM!
Awesome! Thanks for the feedback. 🙂
Victoria Miles @ Pleasant Kitchen says
This looks fantastic! I have to try this!
Tank you Victoria! I hope you find time to try it. 🙂
I have heard that it doesn’t work well to freeze soups with potatoes. Do you undercook them a little so they don’t turn to much when you reheat?
That’s a great tip, Angie. Frequently I just reheat on a per bowl basis in the microwave though. The reasoning is that my husband takes soup to work daily. So I haven’t tried heating an entire pot of this at length. Enjoy the soup!
This looks delicious. I’m thinking of making it for dinner tonight but I only have velveeta cheese on hand at the moment. Would you recommend that for a substitute to cheddar? What do you think?
Yes, I think that will work just fine. ENjoy!

domain: food


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Rapper Fabolous Celebrates His Birthday With Girlfriend Emily B
On again couple Emily B and her common law hubby Fabolous were spotted out and about in NYC recently celebrating “King’ Loso’s 35th birthday with close friends and family.
Native New York industry heads DJ Clue and Angie Martinez also joined Fab and Emily for a night full of Street Fam fun complete with a cake fit for a king.
Emily also paid tribute to her rapper boo on his birthday with her own special shoutout via Twitter. Guess that recent interview Fab did shunning marriage anytime soon didn’t phase her one bit.
Hit the flip to see Emily’s tribute to Fab plus more pics from the bday bash.

domain: celebrity


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This year it seems as if we haven’t had as many calimas as normal. We expect these on a semi-regular basis and those of us who live here don’t mind one of the side effects which is temperatures rise a few degrees. Particularly in winter locals start to feel chilly when temperatures drop to around 20°C. Those sort of temperatures may sound wonderful to someone on holiday but locals are starting to feel the nip in the air and once November arrives, we begin to dig out our jumpers, boots and even fur-trimmed jackets.
Briefly, a calima is a strange weather phenomenon that affects all the Canary Islands. It generally raises temperatures and brings low visibility from air-borne dust. The dust is actually sand from the Sahara that is blown over by the wind and due to location, the south coast usually experiences the brunt of a calima while the north is relatively protected, possibly because of the mountains. This satellite image shows us directly in the line of fire.
The calima we had in June 2012 was the worst I’ve seen since moving here and lasted for a whole week. I took photos at the time, meaning to write about it, but got waylaid, possibly because the heat affected the brain. That particular calima brought exceptionally high temperatures and while we experienced 37 and 38 degrees further inland in Concepción people we know were complaining it was over 44°C.
It got to the point where you broke into a sweat within minutes of getting out of the shower, it affected people’s breathing and in my case, my eyes felt full of grit. My little dog, Caña suffers from dry-eye and I had to keep her indoors and treat her eyes several times a day.
Every morning after a virtually sleepless night we were met with the sight of a brown blanket of sand shrouding the usually lovely view from our patio. As the day progressed this haze just got thicker and thicker.
Thankfully most of the calimas are not this bad but as I look from my patio down to Los Cristianos and Las Americas they are hazy and shimmer like a mirage. On checking the thermometer which sits in deep shade it is showing 32°C, so it looks as if we are in for ANOTHER one, hopefully, it won’t last long and normal weather will return to our little bit of paradise.

domain: geography


There are several ways it could be done, one method would be to machine the whole work piece using the material as a boundary, easy to do but the downside is the finish quality on the flat areas of the lid & the time taken to machine it all using 3D toolpaths. Another method would be to use a vector boundary & just machine the rose using 3D toolpaths & then pocket the rest of the lid down to the required depth. Quicker method but requires a bit more accuracy setting up to ensure you don't get a step where the 2 meet
There are quite a few tutorials on 3D machining & also some tutorials on efficient 3D machining in the 2015 user group section
I do the pocket like Martin said around the outer periphery of the model boundary.
Just a little tweak though. What I do is create the material boundary then painstakingly node edit to get the boundary as smooth as possible and as few nodes as possible. Then I offset "IN" a few thousandths - maybe .01 or so.
Also - I set the pocket deeper than the model, so that there is a little bit of straight sides on the outer periphery of the model.
By doing this I get a nice flat surface of the outer pocket area right up to the model with no step. Nice clean look.


That provision, section 4, which was part of the original statute enacted in 1965, established a formula to determine which states were subject to pre-clearance by the U.S. Department of Justice or a three-judge federal district court of any changes to the state’s voting procedures. Such pre-clearance approval could be obtained only if the proposed change was shown to have neither “the purpose [nor] the effect of denying or abridging the right to vote on account of race or color.”
Section 4’s formula, as amended in 1975, established as “covered jurisdictions” those States or political subdivisions that had maintained a test or device (literacy or knowledge tests, good moral character requirements, vouchers from registered voters, providing English-only voting material s in places where over 5% of voting-age citizens spoke a language other than English) as a prerequisite to voting as of November 1, 1972, and had less than 50% voter registration or turnout in the 1972 presidential election.
The opinion for the Court by Chief Justice John Roberts (joined by Justices Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas and Alito) held that this formula imposed current burdens on the covered jurisdictions that were not justified by current needs. Section 4, therefore, violated basic principles of equal state sovereignty or autonomy over voting and was unconstitutional. This conclusion was reached even though the Chief Justice acknowledged that “voting discrimination still exists.”
The fundamental factual premise of the opinion was the assertion that the U.S. had significantly changed in racial discrimination in voting since 1965. As the Chief Justice said, “Our country has changed, and while any racial discrimination in voting is too much, Congress must ensure that the legislation it passes to remedy that problem speaks to current conditions.”
Justice Ginsburg, who was joined by Justices Breyer, Sotomayor and Kagan, issued a stinging dissenting opinion.
She emphasized that the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution granted to Congress, not the courts, the power to enact legislation to enforce the Amendment’s ban on racial discrimination in voting. Moreover, the Supreme Court itself repeatedly has held that Congress’ judgment on such matters warrants “substantial deference” and that congressional power is “at its height” when it so acts.
As a result, the proper question for the courts is whether Congress had employed “rational means” in re-enacting section 4 as part of the 2006 Act. According to the dissenting opinion, section 4 meets that test. There was abundant evidence of continued racial discrimination in voting before Congress when it adopted the 2006 Act, and Congress acted with “great care and seriousness” in so doing.
Indeed, Justice Ginsburg stressed, the formula in section 4 is subject to statutory provisions “allowing jurisdictions to ‘bail out’ of preclearance, and for court-ordered “bail ins.” These mechanisms were seen by Congress as “effective means of adjusting the [Act’s] coverage over time.” Therefore, the dissent asserted it is erroneous for the Court’s majority to see the Act as “static, unchanged since 1965. Congress designed the [statute] to be a dynamic statute, capable of adjusting to changing circumstances.”
In short, the dissent says, “Hubris is a fit word for today’s demolition of the [statute].” The majority of the Court “errs egregiously by overriding Congress’ decision.”
The key failure of the majority opinion for me is its narrow focus on the coverage formula in section 4 instead of looking at how the formula works in the statute as a whole. As Justice Ginsburg and previously the D.C. Circuit emphasized, the coverage formula has to be seen with the statutory mechanisms for adjusting coverage to new circumstances through the bail-in or bailout provisions. It is dynamic and capable of adjusting to new circumstances.
Indeed, the Supreme Court did just that in 2009 in Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. One v. Holder. The Court’s opinion by Chief Justice Roberts provided a broad reading of the bail out provision to allow the political subdivision in the case to bailout from coverage under sections 4 and 5.
 The Supreme Court opinions in Shelby County are available online. Prior posts have discussed the original Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Voting Rights Act of 2006, a prior Supreme Court decision on the latter statute (Northwest Austin), the D.C. Circuit’s decision in Shelby County and the recent Supreme Court oral argument in that case.
 Justice Thomas issued a concurring opinion that section 5 of the Act was unconstitutional as well.


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The director of the Arizona Department of Public Safety identifies the fallen soldier as Tyler Edenhofer, who graduated from the Academy on May 4.
GOODYEAR, ARIZON – An Arizona State Trooper was killed late Wednesday after a man (19659007) Tyler Edenhofer, 25, had worked less than three months at work and graduated from the Police Academy on May 4, said Colonel Frank Milstead, director of the Arizona Department of Public Safety. Edenhofer was also a Navy veteran.
"During the fight, one of the soldiers lost his firearm to the subject, and the subject fired at least two rounds from the compulsory weapon," Milstead said. A second soldier, Dalin Dorris, was hit near the shoulder but will survive; the bullet went through his body.
On Wednesday, a Michal Michalski, 52, a member of the Milwaukee Police Department's Special Investigation Division, was killed in a shootout with a suspect wanted for drug and firearm offenses.
The two deaths mark 89 officers who have been killed so far this year, a figure that has not been seen since 2011, when 119 law enforcement officers were killed on July 25, reports Officer Down Memorial Page, a nonprofit organization, which keeps track of the killings
► July 25: Milwaukee police officer killed in shootout; Suspect held
► July 21: Motorcycle officer Dallas killed in funeral escort
► July 20: Man of the shooting officer found killed after three-day search
Gunfire has killed nearly two of five of the officers who have died so far this year.
In Milwaukee, the officers hugged each other in tears as they attended a procession that escorted Michalski's body from Froedtert Hospital, where he died, to Milwaukee County Medical's Examiner's Office, where the investigation of his death continues.
"Words can not describe the grief and anger I feel at this moment," said Milwaukee Mayor Barrett. "This officer had been in the department for a long time – very respected, well liked and did what he was hired to do – to protect us."
Michalski was a 20-year-old veteran of the troupe, whose survivors include his wife, children and grandchildren
"He was a very calm, modest man who did his job and did it very well," said Milwaukee Alderman Mark Borkowski. "He was a pillar of our community, leaving a huge gap."
The suspect, Jonathan C. Copeland Jr., 30, of Milwaukee, was arrested after a preliminary indictment for intentional first degree killing for arresting protocols. Copeland was not wounded.
► July 15: 1 police officer killed in Weymouth, Massachusetts, 3 injured in Kansas City, Mo.
► June 15: Authorities: 1 deputy killed, 1 Critical after Being Overpowered by Inmates
In Arizona, after dispatchers received their calls around 10:20 pm, MST died Wednesday in MST about a person "in and out of the lane" on Interstate 10 heading east In this suburb of Phoenix near Avondale Boulevard, throw items at vehicles, Milstead said.
Citizens were able to remove the man from the roadway, Milstead said.
One soldier came, and then two others. Two police officers from Goodyear also came to the rescue, he said.
► May 30: Woman charged with killing deputy, further manhunt in Tennessee
► May 26 Officeman shot dead in Texas
When they tried to detain the man, the man fought with the soldiers, and the fight lasted several minutes, during which the two officers were shot, Milstead said
"He was a great man, my pride and joy!" said the soldier's mother, Debbie Edenhofer from Glendale. "He was my whole life."
Milstead did not release the suspect's name, nor did he indict. The suspect is being treated in a Phoenix hospital
"Life is destroyed and ruined," Milstead said. "We are in shock this morning."
Contribute: Ashley Luthern, Taylor Palmby, Mary Spicuzza, Jesse Garza and Samantha West, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, USA TODAY Follow Jason Pohl on Twitter: @pohl_jason
Read or Share This Story: https://usat.ly/2uRn4r6


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Murrel is a sweet water fish that is one of the most popular picks for your fish curries and fry cravings. Cleaned and cut in Bengali style, you get pieces of delicate flesh with minimal bones and the rest in roughly heart/oval shape to remove bones easily while eating them. The flavor of the fish is mild and tastes amazing both fried and curried. Murrel is packed with omega 3 to nourish your skin, eyes, and brain health.
White Pomfrets are widely loved for their buttery-smooth texture.


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written by owen on 2016-Jul-11.
In all the years I have been here there has no been one mango. Then one day boom. Mango trees are funny like that. I have never been a fan of mango in the flesh - too messy but mom sure loves them. Everything done now though so you get left.
Mosquito breeding site


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|Category:||Doctor, Health, Point of interest, Establishment,|
|Address:||25 W Crystal Lake St #200, Orlando, FL 32806, USA|
|Monday:||8:00 AM – 5:00 PM|
|Tuesday:||8:00 AM – 5:00 PM|
|Wednesday:||8:00 AM – 5:00 PM|
|Thursday:||8:00 AM – 5:00 PM|
|Friday:||8:00 AM – 5:00 PM|
Joseph D. Funk, DPM is located in Orange County of Florida state. On the street of West Crystal Lake Street and street number is 25. To communicate or ask something with the place, the Phone number is (407) 254-2500. You can get more information from their website.
The coordinates that you can use in navigation applications to get to find Joseph D. Funk, DPM quickly are 28.515425 ,-81.377721
I switched to Dr Funk after seeing another foot doctor for a long time and finally realizing that I needed to change doctors. It was the difference in night and day. Dr. Funk was extremely knowledgeable and concise. I just had the surgery that I needed. He did everything that needed to be done instead of planning on doing it all on different dates. I could go on but suffice it to say, he made a believer out of me.
Dr. Funk is an amazing surgeon and so pleasant with his patients. He is personable and I am completely please with my surgery. His staff is knowledgeable and caring, specially Patricia. I am overall satisfied with the care I received.
As a physician and person, he was great! He is super nice, tries to get to know the patients and understands the needs of the patient. For myself, he introduced himself as Joseph Funk and not like Doctor this or Doctor that. Even though, I waited an hour after my appointment, I would gladly go back to him for any issues because he was down to earth. He apologized for the wait, which was nice of him. I recommend him!
Best podiatrist I've seen! Was skeptical about surgery but went to see Dr Funk cause he was recommended and I must say I don't regret it one bit. He takes the time to explain everything and gives you the chance to ask questions. Most of the time hes already answered the questions with his explanations cause he's that good. Anyone who needs a great podiatrist look no further cause you have found him! Office staff is always on point with assisting the patients. They're all a great team.
Dr. Funk is an excellent surgeon and extremely kind gentleman. My entire experience was positive from beginning to end. The office is organized and scheduling my surgery was a breeze. All medical reports were promptly provided to the insurance company. Having had surgery to other joints, this was the most positive experience I have had with any physician. I would not hesitate to recommend both Dr. Funk and his team. We live an hour away from this office and should I need further care, and I will definitely return to this office

domain: medical


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Peonies, scientifically named Paeoniaceae, are a whole family of plants with origin in Europe, North America and China and their surroundings. The species of wild peonies, which are 3, can be found in the Iberian Peninsula and in the Maghreb. One of its legends tells that this plant is named after Paeon, a medicine apprentice of the god Asclepius, who came to provoke the envy of his master for having more talent than him and was transformed by Zeus into the flower that receives his name.
It is also a plant that has traditionally been used for its medicinal properties, especially in the treatment of menstrual pain in women, and to alleviate asthma symptoms. If you want to know how to care for peonies at home and their meaning , keep reading us in this AgroCorrn article.
- How to sow and plant peonies
- How to care for peonies – basic care
- Peonies: general meaning and by colors
How to sow and plant peonies
Before you start sowing peony seeds , it is important to choose well both a good location and the right season. The best time to plant peonies is in the fall, or even in winter if you live in a climate that is not too cold. The species of peony that you are going to plant also influences: the arboreal ones are best planted in the autumn months, while some bushy ones respond better to a planting in spring.
Once chosen, follow these steps to sow and plant peonies :
- Find a location where the plant receives at least eight hours of sunlight a day, but where it will be protected from the wind.
- Once the optimal location is chosen, bury the seed. If it is an arboreal species, bury it about 5 cm deep while, if it is a bush peony or one of the herbaceous peony species, plant it just over 10 cm deep.
- Once this is done, fertilize to enrich the soil and water it.
- If you plant several, respect at least 1 meter of distance between them.
- If you plant a cutting or transplant a peony seedling, prepare the fertilized soil in the pot with a hole in the center and place the plant well, centered, and cover it with soil until the roots are covered and the stem is firmly attached.
- After this, water with water and a little diluted rooting agent.
How to care for peonies – basic care
These are the basic care of peonies :
Location and light
As we have indicated before, you need at least eight hours of sunlight per day, but we recommend that you do not give direct light in the strongest hours of sun, a semi-shady area will be better at least in the central hours of the day, which is when the sun is more powerful.
Nutrients and compost for peonies
One detail that you should keep in mind is that this plant is very demanding in terms of soil nutrients, so you should plant them in areas where there have not been other plants with similar characteristics, or enrich it with organic fertilizer . In the same way, the subscriber must be done twice a year afterwards, in autumn and spring. Fertilizing it in excess will harm the flowering of the peony.
Drainage, humidity and irrigation
It is also important that the soil has good drainage, so that it does not stagnate when you water. The peony needs a good level of humidity, but an excess of it with puddles in its roots will be very harmful to the plant and even fatal.
For watering, it is enough to once a week during winter and cold months, and twice a week from spring.
Finally, remember that the flowers and fruits of the peony are toxic , and should be kept away from children and pets.
Peonies: general meaning and by colors
There is a huge variety of peonies , and all of them have different meanings that depend on the area. In Asia, it is a symbol of beauty and good luck , being something similar to the oriental equivalent of the rose. For example, in some of these Asian countries this is the meaning of peonies:
- In China, the peony is known as “The king of flowers”, and is attributed with a relationship with honor and good fortune , as well as symbolizing national beauty.
- In Japan this flower is related to happiness, luck and prosperity , in a similar way to how it is done in China.
In addition, in the art of feng shui it is used to bring peace to the spirit and calm love sickness.
In the West, on the other hand, the peony is related to the shame and shyness traditionally associated in ancient times and in some cultures with female beauty. The Greeks, in fact, had a myth that nymphs, to hide from the gazes of men, ran naked behind bushes of peonies.
The meaning of peonies according to the color of their flower is also variable:
- Red peonies symbolize wealth, honor, respect, and prosperity. Here we show you 15 other plants with red flowers perfect for outdoors and indoors.
- Pink peonies are used to symbolize the beauty of marriage, although they are also related to crushes or love at first sight.
- White peonies receive the traditional symbolism of shyness and shame, although they are also used to express regret for a mistake made. If you like white flowers, we recommend this other AgroCorrn post about 10 white flowers for the garden .
- The purple peonies, finally, are directly related to the myth of Paeon, and embody the envy of Asclepius and the punishment that it unleashed.
If you want to read more articles similar to Peonies: how to take care of them and their meaning , we recommend that you enter our category of Growing and caring for plants .
Hello, I am a blogger specialized in environmental, health and scientific dissemination issues in general. The best way to define myself as a blogger is by reading my texts, so I encourage you to do so. Above all, if you are interested in staying up to date and reflecting on these issues, both on a practical and informative level.

domain: agronomy


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Go to Wal-Mart or your local bookstore and pick up a copy of Shotgun News. It is basically a newspaper full of ads and a few articles on all kinds of guns-especially mil-surps. You will find tons of ads for M\N's. As stated also, Big 5 is a good source if you live in the southwest.
cosmoline is an aphrodisiac!


|Unit Information||Game Strategies||History|
The T-80 Tank is the Russian unique tank of the Information Age, replacing the regular Main Battle Tank. It is heavily armored, extremely powerful; hard to destroy except with heavy weapons. It is slightly cheaper than the normal Main Battle Tank (-10 Metal, -10 Oil, maximum cost reduced)
The T-80 Tank is built and upgraded at the Auto Plant.
Production cost for this unit increases progressively with every Auto Plant unit on the field or currently in production. However, the maximum cost for T80 Tank is capped at 157 Metal / 112 Oil. Actual production and upgrading costs may differ, depending on researched technologies, connected rare resources, or adopted governments.
The model of the T-80 is based on the Soviet T-80BV tank.


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Herbal Remedies are the natural way to treat illness and medical problems in our body. Most of the treatment are to remove allergies, skin rashes, skin problems and other type of skin diseases. Natural Health Herbal provides you the latest and trending herbal remedies worldwide. Our herbal news section contains different types of herbal remedies for different kind of medical condition. We provide articles and videos to satisfy your needs in looking for herbal remedies on the web. Visit our article news section for more herbal remedies.
Latest Herbal Remedies
Is your otherwise flawless skin marred by open pores? And are no amount of skin care products bringing any difference? Then, what you need are herbal remedies for skin...Read More
Being a student is not a walk in the park. More often than not, teachers and professors give school works and quizzes simultaneously. In addition to that, students also...Read More

domain: health


text: The Unfairground. The Park . Glastonbury Festival, Glastonbury Picture: Glastonbury - hell of shangri La - Check out Tripadvisor members' 5,041 candid photos and videos. Prompted by the cancellation of the Somerset event’s 50th anniversary edition, Lost Horizon will feature a line-up of international DJs and art exhibits. welcome. The Legend, the Legacy, the Reality and the Future. A virtual reality festival from the team behind Glastonbury’s night-time area, Shangri-La, will aim to unify festival-goers from their own homes during lockdown. Over in Shangri La, Gojira, Venom Prison and Idles will be playing The Truth Stage. To ensure you don't get lost over the 900 acre site, this handy map shows all of the stages, areas, campsites and car parks. Pilton Palais Cinema. The event is being put together by the team behind Glastonbury’s Shangri-La experience as well as VR Jam, putting together several stages of superstar DJs, underground acts and visual artists. Get here early (before the headline acts finish their sets) to avoid queuing. MORE GLASTONBURY: Babylon Uprising. Shangri-La. Glastonbury Festival, Glastonbury Picture: Glastonbury - hell of shangri La - Check out Tripadvisor members' 4,988 candid photos and videos. XL Video has contributed to Glastonbury 2015 following a successful event at last year’s festival. The Pyramid Stage. Acoustic Field. Black Ops Shangri-la GAMEPLAY! Perks! Block 9. Find out what's popular at Shangri-la in real-time and see activity, reviews and ratings! Areas and map Glastonbury is not just about the live bands - although that is undoubtably a large part of it! Shangri-La, one of Glastonbury’s most well-known late-night spots, is a weird and wonderful festival within a festival. Field Of Avalon. Left Field. Kidz Field. Shangri-La is an area that's one massive immersive installation, a vast interactive fictional world brought to life by a creative team of over 1,500 crew, performers and artists. The Other Stae. media coverage media coverage. New in Shangri-La this year is the Snake Pit, with a no-tattoo no-entry policy (and yep, if you lack the requisite skin job, there'll be a tattoo parlour ready to sort you out. It is an entire realm to explore, with layer upon layer of creativity, This year is the second of the The Shafterlife story arc. Popular with the young-ish crowd, it’s known as a party area, mainly because in previous years it was the quickest access to the Naughty Corner (Shangri-La, Block 9, The Common, UnFair Ground, Glasto Latino). Shangri-La confirms who is playing a 'secret set' on Saturday night at Glastonbury 2019 Want more news? Glastonbury's Shangri-La announces virtual festival in July GOT a story? William's Green. SHANGRI-LA GLASTONBURY LIMITED - Free Company Check: financial information, company documents, company directors and board members, contact details, registered office, contacts, map, nature of business, cash at bank, fixed assets, current assets, current liabilities, debtors, due diligence, street view. While The Damned, Employed To Serve, Entombed AD, Black Futures, Denzel Curry, Haggard Cat, Heavy Lungs, Jamie Lenman, Scarlxrd, Slave To Sirens, Vodun and Venom Prison (again!) Picture: Ben Birchall/PA Archive/PA Images Bars. Strummerville. The Common. road map. ABOUT GRAVITON. view of sydney harbour bridge from blu bar on 36, shangri-la hotel, the rocks. Shangri-La aims to expand minds, open hearts and motivate people in politics and play. ).The Snake Pit will have stage shows and exotic cabaret. Shangri-La One of the most popular areas at Glastonbury celebrates its tenth anniversary in 2019 with the theme of recycling and JUNKSTAPOSITION. Shangri-La Sign Glastonbury Festival - stock photo Glastonbury, UK - January 21, 2013: A sign for the fictional place known as Shangri-La. The Glade Area. the guardian profiles our work re-creating glastonbury festival in vr ... uk music bible nme covers vrjam's work with shangri la from glastonbury on lost horizon festival The Common. If Glastonbury is a city dedicated to pleasure-seeking, then Shangri-La is its pulsating heart. XL’s Nick Diacre project managed two specialist video installations working for technical producers PF Events and […] Since 2008, Shangri-La, an area of Glastonbury led by Creative Director Kaye Dunnings, has created bold pop-up universes with radical artists that provoke discourse and hold a mirror to society. A virtual reality festival from the team behind Glastonbury’s night-time area, Shangri-La, will aim to unify festival-goers from their own homes during lockdown. The Bandstand. The team behind Glastonbury's legendary Shangri-La, in partnership with VRJAM and Sansar, today announces Lost Horizon (3 & 4 July), the world's largest music and arts festival in virtual reality. A virtual reality festival from the team behind Glastonbury’s night-time area, Shangri-La, will aim to unify festival-goers from their own homes during lockdown. XL Video supplied creative video projection and control to the Shangri La area at the 2014 Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts at Pilton in Somerset, UK, helping to give this popular immersive, interactive fictional world a real edge. - shangri la hotel stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images View across the Thames of City Hall and the Shard London Bridge skyscraper , under construction in Southwark, London, 19th May 2011. Glasto Latino. Shangri-La. There are a whopping 27 different areas in total!! membership. When Tulsa manufacturing legend Eddy Gibbs purchased the dwindling remnants of the Shangri La Country Club and Resort on March 1, 2010, it was not because he thought it was a magnificent investment opportunity. Glastonbury's Shangri-La will be recreated in digital form for a free online festival featuring the likes of Fatboy Slim. Block 9. XL Video projection steals the show at Glastonbury’s Shangri La By Zoe Mutter in Live Events July 10, 2014 0 XL Video supplied creative video projection and control to the Shangri La area at Glastonbury Festival, helping to give this popular immersive, interactive fictional world a real edge. The History of Shangri-La Golf Club, Resort & Marina. The 2D map was supplied as a template to content producers from throughout the Shangri-La community to enable them to design their visuals. join the vr-evolution. Glastonbury Festival Map and Tort's FAQ. Theatre And Circus. Napalm Boss! Entire Map Run Through. Glastonbury 2016: Line-Up, Weather Forecast, Map and Everything You Need To Know ... What is the theme of Shangri-La? The Gas Tower stage in Shangri-La area Glastonbury will be made from recycled plastic (Credit: Glastonbury) These were collected and processed by Exeter City Council before the materials were used to build the Shangri-La’s 360-degree audio-visual arena – The Gas Tower. Graviton sits at the centre of the HUB (Hot Utopian Bliss) Space of Shangri-La, the “totally bizarre and brilliant” (Arts Council) festival within a festival at Glastonbury.. Napalm Boss! Just print in out and pop it in your rucksack. Entire Map Run Through New! Beat Hotel. Glastonbury Free Press. Silver Hayes (formerly the Dance Village) Arcadia. RING The Sun on 0207 782 4104 or WHATSAPP on 07423720250 or EMAIL email@example.com This place was reputed to be mystical, harmonious, a permanently happy paradise, even utopia and likened to the Garden of Eden. West Holts. Check out Glastonbury's Official Site for more details. The content ranged from organic forms to audio reactive patches created within Ai. This is "Shangri La Glastonbury" by Maree Feathers on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. John Peel Stage. Perks! Black Ops Shangri-la GAMEPLAY! play Earache's Scum stage. This time around the company produced a 180˚ live mapping for Shangri-La’s Heaven Stage.. Entire Map Run Through New! The Heaven structure was built by Andrew Cross and his team, onsite at the festival, only a few days before the event. Contributors included Enjoy Kaos, Olly Robertson, and Jouna Landsman. Areas and map . Green Fields. Towards the South East corner of the map is the infamous Pennard Hill.


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Welcome to the IHS Reading Challenge Week 5 Sapphic Book Giveaway!
Each week as part of the I Heart SapphFic Reading Challenge, we will be holding two sapphic book giveaways with books from the current week’s categories. Authors and publishers are generously offering these e-books as prizes, for which we are very grateful. We couldn’t do what we do without such wonderful community support!
Here are the two sapphic book giveaways this week:
Grumpy / Sunshine
Chef / Caterer / Baker / Foodie
We will select two winners, one from each giveaway. One winner will get all the books on the Grumpy / Sunshine list, while the other will receive all the Chef/ Caterer / Baker / Foodie books listed below. You can enter for both giveaways, and in fact, we encourage it!
You can also enter to win even if you aren’t participating in the reading challenge. But, if you like reading, why not join the fun as well? After all, reading is more fun with friends! Not only will you get to read some fabulous books, but there’s also a chance for you to win a monthly $25 Amazon gift card. All you have to do is tell us what book you are reading in our Wednesday check-ins on your favorite social media platform. At the end of the year, you can also enter to win one of the grand prizes, which are Amazon gift cards ranging from $50 to $250. Click here for more details.
Up first is the Grumpy / Sunshine Sapphic Book Giveaway, which includes 6 books.
When disaster strikes at work and their management styles clash, Austen and Dee are forced to figure out how to be as good together as business partners as they are lovers. It might take compromises and donut bribes, but they’re determined to find a way.
A frosty television host, a bubbly bar owner, and a litter of abandoned kittens. The recipe for ratings gold…or heartbreak?
Eve Marlow has her eyes on the prize: a third season of her popular business makeover show. The last thing she needs is to find a litter of newborn kittens in a trash can, or to become involved—personally or professionally—with the bubbly kitten rescuer she contacts for help.
Seduced by Mai Li’s easy charm and determination, hard-edged contractor Dale Miller agrees to take on her renovation project.After a spring storm causes significant damage to the building and renovation costs exceed Mai’s budget, Dale offers her a deal, but is it a price Mai is willing to pay?
Having an ex with benefits isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. Will Amanda Russo learn that lesson in time to take a chance on love with Quinn Sullivan?
Amanda Russo’s fling with her ex reminds her there’s more to life than work and parenting. When Quinn Sullivan, the architect hired to remodel her bakery, turns out both charming and talented, Amanda decides to take a chance on new love. Too bad her ex-wife didn’t get the memo.
Ellie Montgomery had a secret. Beyond being a mother, a best friend, and a baker of incredible desserts, there was something deeper in her soul that she had been forced to deny. Something she had never planned on revealing. Not even to those closest to her. Then SHE walked into Ellie’s Diner and everything changed.
A slow burn chefs’ romance with just the right degree of sizzle.
Valentina Rosas is fresh out of culinary school and eager to prove herself at her new job. Jenn Coleman is the renowned chef of two Michelin-starred restaurants. When Valentina runs into Jenn — literally — things aren’t off to a great start… but soon the kitchen isn’t the only thing heating up!
A disturbing legacy from the past threatens the lives and loves of three women.
Childhood friends, Sarah and Berry, are enjoying success with their writers’ retreats at The Lodge on the Lake. New hire, Galen, is fitting in well until the revelations of events from forty years ago threaten to disturb the tranquillity of their lives.
3 Best Friends. 2 Strangers. 1 Unforgettable Night.
Audrey Maddox is fed up with her love life and looks forward to a ten day Colorado mountain resort vacation with her two best friends. Her immediate attraction to Liv Sutton, a sexy ski instructor and bartender seems like the perfect escape from her troubles. But will their one night stand be able to weather the storm of a long distance relationship?

domain: literature


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So, you think your child has pink eye. Now what?
When a child wakes up with a crusty eye, many parents worry about pink eye and call their pediatrician immediately for antibiotics. Unfortunately, diagnosing pink eye is a little more complicated and typically requires a physical exam in your pediatrician’s office. The good news is, it’s not always pink eye. Here I’ll outline some helpful information to help parents decide when crusty eyes need evaluation and what to do if you think your child does have pink eye.
7 ways to encourage your child’s learning
As a parent, helping your children learn from home can be challenging — take a deep breath and dive into these seven tips to help create a positive learning environment for your child.
4 ways to help your athlete avoid a concussion
Although concussions happen in an instant, they can have a lasting impact on a young athlete. In a moment of collision, your brain is susceptible to great trauma. A concussion is an injury to the brain
What to pack in your child’s lunchbox
School will soon be in session and for parents, that means you’ll once again be faced with that dreaded daily task: packing your child's lunch. Like most parents, you want to do a good job, which
Why your child should start swimming lessons early
Summer is fast approaching and pools, lakes, ponds and beaches are a fun way to beat the heat. However, water also can be dangerous and can increase the risk of drowning for children if parents
Could Your Child Have Sleep Apnea?
With adults, it's easy to tell when we haven't had enough sleep. We're sluggish, we yawn a lot and we typically verbalize/complain about how tired we are (or maybe that's just me?). But with children, the
Children Learn Best Through Play
Today’s highly structured lifestyle, with two working parents, tight schedules and busy school agendas, often makes family time a leisure activity of the past. However, what a child wants most – what a child needs
Sensory Integration Dysfunction: Tips for Helping Your Sensitive Preschooler
I was talking to a friend the other day and she was telling me that her sister-in-law’s son was having some problems and she asked me if I had any ideas. After further questioning, it
The 7-Year-Old Self-Image Diet
I have to admit I cringed when I saw this story, an article about a mother who found a hand written list of dieting tips in her 7-year-old daughter's room among other toys and jewelry. I know body image
Teaching Kids to Eat Right
As a parent, you want your children to be healthy and happy. That's why teaching your kids to eat right is one of the most important things you can do. Here ...
Is your child eating too much?
As a parent, we often wonder if our children are growing adequately and if we are doing everything we can to bring them up right. Nutrition plays a vital role in a child’s development, and
Talking Tobacco With Fifth Graders
What's the right age to educate students about the repercussions of tobacco use? You'd be surprised how much times change. Baylor Irving and the City of Irving school district's, "TobaccokNOw" program is normally introduced in 7th grade classrooms


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Born and raised in a poor, working-class family in Toronto, Jack Spayd is the son of an unhappy marriage. After being taken under the wing of "Miss Frostbite", the owner of a local jazz club, Jack becomes a gifted musician, playing piano and harmonica. Fame and the allure of gambling takes him to Vegas, and prospects of fortune take him to the Belgian Congo, where he's heard it's possible to earn big money working in the most dangerous parts of the local copper mines.
Jack of Diamonds is the story of a young, talented man, fighting to achieve his ambitions, and having to use his considerable talents to find his way in a perilous world.
©2012 Bryce Courtenay; 2013 Christine Courtenay (P)2012 Bolinda Publishing Pty Ltd
I found my self so involved with the novel that I couldn't wait for the next opportunity to listen.
I cried when he was introduced to his son, by the lady he loved so much.
This was my first Bryce Courtenay novel. First of many thanks to audible.com.au
Great story could not stop my phone narrator just the best congratulations
The characters he became
Leave it alone
My first Audiobook loved it
You do not understand why the book is called Jack of Diamands until the very end.... Jack of Diamonds is an epic story stretching 3 phases of Jacks life. Loved the variety in the each of the stories across the span of Jack's life.
Humphrey Bower gives a superb performance which enhances the experience of the book - best performance I have heard!
I loved Jack and the book if full of lively, thoroughly developed characters.
I loved this book. One of the best I've listened to in a long while. The narrator was fabulous, the story was interesting, entertaining, and simply wonderful. Throughout this book I never got bored or wanted to turn it off. The story of Jack as a child and as an adult was delightful, full of twists and turns, sadness and delights. All starting with a harmonica his dad gave him as a belated birthday gift. I don't want to say more because I'm not only not a good reviewer but I really, really don't want you to miss reading this book. I really, really did not want it to end. EXCELLENT! I highly recommend!
Definately. Humphrey Bower really makes the characters come to life. Bryce Courtenay writes such big books it's hard to read them in bed at night. Listening is much more fun.
When Jack was stuck in the laundry truck.
Jack would have to be the favorite.
Jack. He went through so much in his life.
A fantastic read. So sorry that Bryce is gone. I have read all his books and loved them all.
Yes, we have listened to many, he has the ability to change characters which keeps the listener totally involved in the story.
In the future we will look for other authors books that are narrated by Mr.
We are sure that a follow up book was in the late authors mind.
We have listened to 13 of Bryce Courtenay books all narrated by Humphrey Bower and have enjoyed all books, we will continue collecting the rest of the late authors books.
The late Mr. Bryce Courtenay will be sadly missed.
YES. I ENJOYED IT VERY MUCH
JACK AND BRIDGET IN THE BASKET AND WOULD HE KILL JD
FELT LIKE A FRIEND SITTING IN THE LOUNGE HAVING A RELAXED CHAT
I AM PLEASED I READ BRYCE COURTENAYS LAST BOOK. I WILL DEFINATELY GO BACK AND LOOK FOR MORE OF HIS EARLIER ONES.
I will keep this book and read again because I like the character. The story talks of a period of time and changes in the countries during the mid 1900's. This will also be one of the last books that one of my favorite authors.
I liked all the female characters. Jack, main character is stable boy to man who lives through some difficult plans without feeling sorry for himself but he does get incredible support from loved ones.
My favorite author and of course I would read anything he wrote.
The best part is the ending. His stories never leave you hanging, even the ones with sequels.
Humphrey bowers is me favorite reader. He's perfect. He can switch back and forth from male to female and do so many accent perfectly. I'm always amazed at his southern accent which no body can get right. You never get the chara ters mixed up because every one will have a different voice. I could listen to him read anything.
The parrot. Just kidding. Jack. The story is about Jack.
I rolled my eyes more than once and sadly though that it would be the last of his I'd listen to. I thought it was his same old storie in different clothes. Imagine how bad I felt when I found out it WAS the last one I would listen to! I'm so sad he died. Still, dont let this be your first Courtenay's book. Go with The Power of One or the Potato Factory.
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Just a question about ideas for the best places to get a lot of material. I have been making quite a bit of material for the wood boiler industry and need to find the best place to purchase copper pipe, fittings, and PEX pipe. Currently I am in need of about 600' of 1 1/2" L copper, 1000' of 3/4" L copper, (600) 1 1/2" x 1" copper tees and (600) 1 1/2" x 3/4" fitting reducers. Also could use about 40,000' of 1" PEX, along with a few other things? Any ideas other than Fergusons?
No announcement yet.


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While full spectrum CBD has ultimately turned out to be more powerful than CBD Isolate and can be utilised to effectively deal with a wide range of ailments, it doesn’t discredit the potency of CBD Isolate. There’s no need to measure and estimate how much CBD you should take at any certain time because that is already done for you. First issue is people cannot naturally produce or process CBD.
There are a lot of bus stops not just in the CBD but in addition in the inner suburbs, and bus stations. It isn’t the wild west, he explained. Based on the place you live, you might be able to purchase CBD right in the grocery shop.
The disadvantage of this specific kind of consuming CBD is the shortage of flavor, which may be a deal breaker for a number of people who find its normal taste undesirable. It’s now an agricultural commodity that’s open for interstate commerce. Bear in mind that not everybody is going to be a candidate for taking CBD oil.
The Ugly Side of Cbd
Stay on Course It is very important to recognize that every business situation we experience is only short-term. Unless clearly, it is only an overall small business loan. The company program should consist of conducting market research.
Portland accommodation is not difficult to find, although booking ahead in the summer months is important. Sky High Mount Dandenong can be the ideal location and can offer you with a range or reception choices. You are able to find various products, including vaporizers like the pax 3 in UK.
To the normal individual, it’s simple to assume CBD would cause you to get sleepy, particularly if you’re familiarized with the highly effective sedative effects of using marijuana or THC. CBD has active compounds called cannabis it’s believed to work in improving autism. The CBD is taken out of the cannabis plant which is made up of over 100 different chemical compounds.
The Basic Principles of Cbd That You Will be Able to Learn From Beginning Right Away
Cortisol, sometimes known as the stress hormone, is accountable for the hindering of muscle increase in the body. CBD products help to restore somebody’s natural sleep cycle that is often disorganized by our habits and way of life. Anabolic supplements are made to boost the creation of anabolic hormones within the body.
Tinctures are the ideal approach to take CBD for users that want a fast and easy means to take oil. cbdornot They are typically available in several potencies.
CBD Supplements For Muscle Building Now you have learnt the value of anti-catabolic supplements, it’s time to understand exactly what CBD can do to assist you get muscle fast. Cannaroo CBD Pain Relieving Topical Creams are offered in either gentle menthol and lovely lemongrass scent.
This compound packs a wide variety of therapeutic goodies. Body massage with medicated oil is easily the most important therapy. In general, though there are several on-line CBD skincare products readily available, it’s important to come across ones that undergo testing to ensure they’re safe, pure, and high-quality.
THC produces psychoactive results and give people the sensation of being high. CBD also helps dogs with seizures and help with relief of tension and anxieties. CBD is a natural and safer option that can be given to your children like a typical medication and you are able to use them for long periods with no severe side effects.
The treatment technique is somewhat complicated. Dosing CBD cannabis oil to take care of the signs of arthritis is not a complicated matter. Can decrease acne Acne is an important skin problem for each and every individual.


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The story is simple enough. Bevan left at the same time, and Gillan remarked that he and Bevan were made to feel like "hired help" by Iommi. Sometimes you need that kind of tension, or else you end up making the Christmas album".
It was like 'Well, just go home, you're not being of any use right now. Daisley re-recorded all of the bass tracks, and wrote the album's lyrics, but before the album Reunion critical response complete, he left to join Gary Moore 's backing band, taking drummer Eric Singer with him.
Which may explain why he is rude to each waiter he encounters. But he fails in this small consolation too.
When the quotation is in a language other than that of the cataloging institution, it is preferable to give the quote in the original language, followed by a translation if possible. The New Atheists Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, and Christopher Hitchens have with their books, radio interviews, and presentations at colleges and universities successfully brought the debate back into the awareness of the general public.
Don Arden was at this point still trying to convince Osbourne to rejoin the band, as he viewed the original line-up as the most profitable. It gives makers a way to rehearse the connections they seek when art meets it audience or a product meets its purpose. I seemed to think maybe we could recapture something we had.
While on tour, Black Sabbath's former label in England issued a live album culled from a seven-year-old performance, titled Live at Last without any input from the band. There's the financial aspect, but that wasn't it. Click here for previous articles by Rockwell. Moreover, because it provides a space for faith, it is a breeding ground for anti-intellectual fanaticism.
His father, on the other hand, appears pompous, rude and arrogant, clapping at the waiters and being boisterous and patronizing. Later releases were handled by Philips' newly formed progressive rock label, Vertigo Records. And if I didn't come up with anything, nobody would do anything.
According to Dio, the band initially hired Craig Gruber with whom Dio had previously played while in Elf on bass to assist with writing the new album. With more time in the studio, the album saw the band experimenting with new textures, such as strings, piano, orchestration and multi-part songs.
In use for over 25 years, Critical Response Process has been embraced by art makers, educators, scientists, and theater companies, dance departments, orchestras, laboratories, conservatories, museums, universities, corporations, and kindergartens.
One explanation is a printing press has stamped ink onto a piece of paper, but another explanation is that the author had something to say in writing. At the end of the day, we just said, 'That's it, the band is over'". From left to right: A quotation or paraphrase of an opinion expressed about a particular work.
Iommi believed the only options available were to fire Osbourne or break the band up completely.Better Off Ted is an American satirical sitcom series, created by Victor Fresco (known for his other television series Andy Richter Controls the Universe and the short-lived shows Life on a Stick and The Trouble with Normal) who.
Will & Grace is not on streaming services, it was a bit too sophisticated to appeal to millennial viewers in the way Friends did when it first aired, and (more than most shows from its era) its.
Critical Response Process instills ways of thinking, communicating and being that enhance all kinds of human interactions, from coaching to community dialogue, from. Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham inby guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, drummer Bill Ward, andLabels: Vertigo/Mercury/Virgin EMI/Universal, Warner Bros., IRS, Sanctuary.
Sep 28, · It has a sad loss, a joyful reunion, a love story, a writer finding her voice, and one of the most endearing families in literature.
An essay on the legacy of Twilight and how the critical response to it matters to how we talk about hit franchises.
Popular Reviews. The Other Side of the Wind. Widows.
The Ballad of Buster Scruggs.3/5. Should show difference in response o Reaction to Reunion Critical factor some from PSY at University of Texas.Download

domain: entertainment


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Toward a temporal model of negotiation linkage dynamics: Singapore - Australia, U.S. - Singapore, and Australia - U.S. bilateral trade negotiations
The Singapore-Australia trade negotiation (SAFTA: 2/2001 - 10/2002) and the United States-Singapore trade negotiation (USSFTA: 12/2000 - 1/2003) occurred concurrently in time. In comparison, the Australia-United States trade negotiation (AUSFTA: 3/2003 - 2/2004) was conducted consecutively, after these two negotiations. I use the temporal difference among these three treaty negotiations to investigate the role of time in negotiation and the influence that one negotiation can have on another negotiation (past, present and future are treated as independent variables, and negotiation process and outcome are treated as dependent variables in this study). In exploring concurrently linked negotiations (SAFTA and USSFTA) I examine the role of the link-pin party (Singapore), both linked parties (Australia and the U.S.), and the strategies employed by these parties to manage linkage dynamics. In exploring consecutively linked negotiations, I consider how past events influence current negotiations (e.g., influence of USSFTA and SAFTA on AUSFTA) and how perceived future negotiations influence current negotiations (e.g., precedent building). The temporal framework developed through this study serves to enlarge our understanding of linkage behavior, which will assist in the strategic management of negotiation linkage dynamics. This temporal framework may also enhance the current theoretical paradigm of negotiation by providing a foundation that includes the past, present and future. This study concludes by considering directions for future research in managing negotiation linkage dynamics.
2nd International Biennale on Negotiation

domain: library


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About Forgotten Magazine
Take a trip around the world collecting interesting materials for the travel magazine in the awesome hidden object game.
Margaret is the editor-in-chief of the travel magazine. Recently the team of journalists have returned from a round-the-world trip. Unfortunately, the research materials that they collected were lost. Now she has to visit all these countries and gather new material as soon as possible. Are you ready to explore the world and discover new things? Test your journalistic skills and have a lot of fun playing this spectacular puzzle game!
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