text:
“There is nothing good or bad. But, thinking makes it so.” Have you heard this quote before? That’s a very famous line from William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. What does this have to do with creating and managing your emotions? Well, everything.
Most people think that our external circumstances dictate your emotions, moods, or feelings. For example, if someone pays you a compliment; you feel good and positive. On the flip side, you feel sad, angry, and stressed if you are experiencing negativity. Well, the secret to life is that what’s creating your emotions is not the environment. It’s you, it’s how you think about the environment that makes the emotions, and this is something that’s within your control and something that can be changed even when the external environment is against you. You can alter how you perceive, interpret, and react to it and thereby gain emotional mastery.
Positive vs. Negative Emotions
Emotions sometimes are referred to as the spirit or the breath of life. They prescribe our actions and the colors of our life. Several strategies have been explored and recommended as a means of accepting and processing emotions. Here are three measures to help you address feelings.
Step 1: Identify the Emotion
- Acknowledge your emotions. Don’t judge yourself for the feelings you feel. Take a deep breath and observe your thoughts which caused these feelings.
- Don’t hide how you feel. You might not want to shout your feelings to others. But don’t suppress your feelings entirely. Instead, calm your mind and accept your feelings.
- Know why you think the way you do. Analyze the circumstance that got you feeling the way you do.
Step 2: Take Action
- Think about the best route to express your emotion. Is this a time when you need to confront someone else gently? Talk with a friend about what you’re feeling.
- Learn how to change your mood. You’ll want to change from a pessimistic attitude to an optimistic one at a particular stage. Try to indulge in things that give you joy, even though at the moment you don’t feel like it.
- Build positive emotions. Positive feelings provide a sense of happiness and well being.
- Seek support. Talk about how you’re feeling with a trusted friend or seek help from a therapist.
- Exercise. Physical exercise allows the brain to create natural chemicals that facilitate a festive mood.
Step 3: Get Help With Difficult Emotions
Sometimes, under no circumstances, you can’t shake a challenging emotion. Consult a counselor or a therapist if you find yourself trapped in feelings of depression or worry for more than 2 weeks.
Use what you have learned here to strengthen your understanding of your feelings and achieve greater awareness and stability of your emotional state. You won’t regret it! You can do this by taking the journey inwards. Download JoyScore app to lead a mindful and content life.

domain: psychology


text:
Last of 8 defendants pleads guilty in Springfield meth distribution ring
The last of eight defendants pleaded guilty Tuesday in connection with a large-scale meth distribution ring that brought drugs from Arizona to Springfield.
Michael P. Ayala, 37, of Springfield, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to distribute meth, money laundering and a gun charge after admitting his role in the multi-pound drug distribution network, according to a news release from the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Missouri.
The release says Ayala joins seven others who have pleaded guilty to federal crimes in connection with the drug ring — Ronda Easton, 53, Steven Easton, 49, James Parker, 46, Robert Cardenas, Jr., 28, Cody Keller, 33, and David Climer, 37, all of Springfield, and Michael Thompson, 58, of Goodyear, Arizona.
The release says Ayala supplied pounds of meth from Arizona to Steven Easton and his wife Ronda Easton for distribution in Springfield.
Ayala sold meth to Ronda Easton every seven to 10 days, in amounts as large as 10 pounds, according to the release.
Ronda Easton then sold pound quantities of meth to Parker, Keller and Climer, according to the release.
The release says Thompson and Cardenas drove the meth from Arizona to Missouri.
In April of 2015, the release says, authorities stopped Cardenas in New Mexico with almost 20 pounds of meth in a Jeep.
Authorities arranged a controlled buy with Ayala and busted him with a gun and $19,000 cash, according to the release.
The search of a Springfield home shared by Ayala and Ronda Easton in January 2015 turned up more than three pounds of meth, several guns and $15,000 cash, according to the release.
Ayala and Ronda Easton told authorities they used drug money to buy property and a Ford Mustang, according to the release. Those assets must be forfeited to the government.
The release says Ayala faces a minimum sentence of 10 years in prison and a maximum sentence of life in prison.

domain: news


text:
KYLIE JENNER has been accused of cashing in on the pandemic after her skincare brand launched a $7 (£5.15) hand sanitiser.
The beauty mogul, 23, tweeted: ‘My Kylie Skin hand sanitizer is here!! White heart 80% alcohol, fast drying, and formulated with glycerin to prevent dryness!’
The ad caused an online backlash from fans, with comments such as: ‘Wow making a buck off covid. Low.’ Another person wrote: ‘Let’s profit off a pandemic.’
But others said they were looking forward to buying the product, including Kylie’s mother Kris Jenner, 65. She wrote on Twitter: ‘So many incredible benefits in this product. I love it!’
Kylie, who sold her majority stake in Kylie Cosmetics for $600million (£441million) in November last year, was declared the richest celebrity of 2020 by Forbes after earning an estimated fortune of £434million.
But earlier this year the model donated $1million to healthcare workers in Los Angeles.

domain: celebrity


Welcome to Paradise - Odessa Oilfield T Shirt
Ok, you're right. Odessa isn't exactly paradise. But, it is a place us oil men spend a lot of time throughout our careers. If you have a good sense of humor, you'll love this shirt.
Similar to the shirts you'd buy in Maui, Key West or Jamaica – except this Odessa Oilfield Tee is is worn by a guaranteed smart ass: “Welcome to Paradise – Odessa, West Texas”.
What's more, if you wear this shirt to Odessa, it'll be sure to be a crowd-pleaser. And if I see you wearing the Odessa Oilfield Tee in Odessa, beer is on me!
• 100% ring-spun cotton (heather colors contain polyester)
• Fabric weight: 4.5 oz (153 g/m2)
• Shoulder-to-shoulder taping
• Double stitched sleeves and bottom hem


text:
New A-Trak and Tommy Trash video features INSANE Rube Goldberg machine #MusicMonday
We were blown away when we saw this new video for A-Trak & Tommy Trash’s ‘Tuna Melt’ on Colossal. This is one of the coolest Rube Goldberg machines we’ve ever seen!
Here’s a fun new music video for A-Trak & Tommy Trash’s ‘Tuna Melt‘. The Rube Goldberg device moves through almost every room of the The Ohage House in St. Paul, MN as dominoes crash, paper airplanes fly, and submarines chug along underwater. I couldn’t say for sure if it was all shot in one take, but there are some fantastic sequences regardless. The video was directed by Ryan Staake and most of the dominoes and other kinetic devices were created by Tim Fort.
Here’s a behind the scenes video which sort of indicates that it wasn’t done in one shot. Still, incredible build- can you imagine how long it must’ve taken?
Make a robot friend with Adafruit’s CRICKIT – A Creative Robotics & Interactive Construction Kit. It’s an add-on to our popular Circuit Playground Express, FEATHER and other platforms to make and program robots with CircuitPython, MakeCode, and Arduino. Start controlling motors, servos, solenoids. You also get signal pins, capacitive touch sensors, a NeoPixel driver and amplified speaker output. It complements & extends your boards so you can still use all the goodies on the microcontroller, now you have a robotics playground as well.

domain: entertainment


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EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS AND PESTICIDES CONTENTS IN MARKET-GARDENING PRODUCTS SOLD IN SOME PRINCIPAL MARKETS OF OUAGADOUGOU (BURKINA FASO)
AUTHORSTarnagda Bakary, Guira Flibert, Sourabié Pane Bernadette, Zongo Oumarou, Tapsoba François, Zongo Cheikna, Drabo Koine Maxime, Traoré Yves, Savadogo Aly
Pesticides and heavy metals are persistent organic pollutants responsible for immune deficiency, certain types of cancer, and decreased length of pregnancy.In this study, 20 chemical pesticides and 4 heavy metals were detected from 120 samples of 4 types of vegetables and 40 samples of babenda collected from Ouagadougou principal markets. The "babenda" is a Burkinabe dish made mainly of leafy vegetables (Hibiscus sabdariffa, Amaranthus hybridus, and Cleome gynandra) coarsely chopped and millet or rice that was boiled together.A multi-residue method was developed to detect the pesticides in the samples collected by gas chromatography, with micro electron capture detector. The concentration of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic were obtained from the 120 vegetables samples by using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Residues of pesticides were detected in 87% of the samples, and among the positive samples, 58.40% contained concentrations higher than the limit of maximum residue (LMR). Thirteen active pesticide residues were detected in the vegetables. The contents of the majority of pesticides residues were higher than the LMR. Seven active ingredients were detected in the babenda. 50% of the samples had more than one pesticide residue. The heavy metal concentrations ranged from 0.0098 to 2.66 mg.kg -1 for Hg; 0.01 to 1.146 mg.kg -1 for Pb; 0.016 to 1.72 mg.kg -1 for Cd and 0.012 to 1.885 mg.kg -1 for As. The relative abundance of heavy metals in the vegetables followed the sequence Cd (0.018 mg.kg -1) > Pb (0.016 mg.kg -1) > As (0.012 mg.kg -1) > Hg (0.0098 mg.kg -1). In addition, the concentration of heavy metals in the samples collected from the different markets exceeded the threshold according to the lawful maximum concentration (CMR) established in France. The continuous follow-up and a strict regulation of these pollutants in the vegetables particularly, are necessary.
KEYWORDSHeavy metals; Vegetables; Pesticides; Markets; Polluant , Ouagadougou
Truck farming is being developed in cities in developing countries to ensure food security. It is also an income generating activity for households. In Africa, truck farming is currently part of hidden hunger solution among large cities’ neighbourhoods population (Touré et al., 2015; Yao et al., 2016). Insects attacks and plants pathologies are most of the obstacles to truck farming. Market-gardeners use available chemical pesticides to limit the damage to their crops. Unfortunately pesticides are used in anarchistic and abusive ways (Son et al., 2017; Tarnagda et al., 2017). The risk of this practice is also increased by the ignorance of the market-gardeners (Diop, 2013).
Urban origin market-garden products are nutritionally rich but are not always safe. The production sites of market-garden products around urban cities are subject to contamination by residues of medicine (Koffi-Nevry et al., 2012; Touré et al., 2015). Majority of the sites of production of market-garden products are located in places polluted with domestic and industrial wastes. Some sites of gardening in the urban cities are located in or close to household refuse dump sites or industrial waste disposal sites where there is frequent incinerations of wastes (Ahouangninou et al., 2011; Kanda et al., 2013). Pesticides are frequently used to increase vegetables production (Yao et al., 2016; Son et al., 2017; Tarnagda et al., 2017). Pesticides and heavy metals have chronic effects on human health. Among the critical points for hazard analysis of market-garden products, the site of production and the utilization of pesticides are very important. Without an adequate mechanism of control, the use of pesticides present a medical and an environmental risk (Yao et al., 2016; Tarnagda et al., 2017). The effects on the environment in general, the ground and the cultivated plants in particular, are considerable, because these husbandries are likely to involve an accumulation of heavy metals and pesticides in the plants and the surface layers of the ground, rich in organic matter (Touré et al., 2015).
The “babenda” is a Burkinabe dish made mainly of leafy vegetables (Hibiscus sabdariffa, Amaranthus hybridus, and Cleome gynandra) coarsely chopped and millet or rice that was boiled together.Vegetables play an important role in diversifying the diets of people in developing countries and are a major source of nutrients. Indeed, because of their richness in protein, fiber, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants, vegetables help to improve the health of populations (Lock et al., 2005). They are therefore of nutritional interest in the fight against micronutrient deficiencies (Devadas et al., 1980). The iron content of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) and cornet (Corchorus olitorius) is 22 to 77 mg / 100 g dry matter (Ndlovu et al., 2008). The β-carotene content of black nightshade (Solanum scabrum) is 3943.03 ± 0.89 μg / 100 g in relation to the crude product (Soro et al., 2012).It is a sauce that is prepared in the villages during the lean season, when there was not enough millet or other grains to provide for the families until the harvest. In fact, at the base of this leaf sauce was mainly bean leaves and sorrel crushed and millet that were boiled together.This study was aimed at evaluating the contents of heavy metals and pesticides of market-gardening products (Amaranthus hybridus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cleome gynandra and Ipomaea batatas) and babenda sold in twenty principal markets of Ouagadougou.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sampling and preparation of the vegetables
A total of 120 samples of four vegetables and 40 babenda samples commonly consumed by the local population were collected. The concerned vegetables were: Amaranthus hybridus: Borom-bouli, Hibiscus sabdariffa: Bito, Cleome gynandra: Kenebdo, and pomaea batata: Nagnui-noodo Samples were taken randomly from 20 principal markets ( Zone1 yaar, Wemtenga yaar, : Zogona yaar, : Nabi yaar, : Benogo yaar, : Katré yaar, : Kossodo yaar, : Dassassgho yaar, : Bonsé yaar, : City Year II, : Oscar yaar, : Gounghin yaar, : Boulmiougou yaar,: Tanghin yaar, : Pissy yaar, : Power station, : Larlé yaar, : Tampouy yaar, : Paagala yiri and : Sankaré yaar) of Ouagadougou. The markets are codified A to T. Ouagadougou, commonly known as Ouaga, is the capital and largest city of Burkina Faso, with a population of 2.5 million in 2015. It is the The market cultural, economic and administrative center of the country.Sampling was carried out in accordance with the directive of EU 2002/63/CE (EC, 2002). A composite sample of 1-2 kg of each vegetable were collected and sealed in sterile polyethylene bags. Samples were codified with a single identifier and placed in a refrigerator until analysis in National Laboratory of Public Health at Ouagadougou. The samples were stored at 4 °C until the analysis. Analyses were carried out within 24 h according to recommendation of Islam and Shamsad (2009). The analyses was focused on edible parts.
Determination of heavy metals contents in the vegetables samples
For the analysis of heavy metals, 0.3 g of each freeze-dried samples were digested using 6 ml of HNO3 (69%) and 2 ml of H2O2 30% (Wako Chemical Co, Japan) in a digestion system by microwaves (Berghof Speedwave, Germany). The digested samples were then transferred into a Teflon Becher, and the volume was completed to 50 ml by Milli-Q water. The digested solution was then filtered using a syringe filter (Dismic®-25hp PTFE, size of the pores ¼ 0, 45 mm, Toyo Roshi Kaisha, Ltd, Japan, 1979) and stored in polypropylene tubes of 50 ml (Nalgene, New York, the USA). The method of Awofolu (2005) was adopted for the acid digestion of vegetables samples. The analyses were carried out by atomic absorption with a spectrometer (Baise et Paquereau, 1997). Tab 1 shows the thresholds used to diagnose the contamination of gardens grounds and the plants.
Table 1 Thresholds used to diagnose the contamination of the plants
|0,2||FAO/WHO (2001); CMR (Mench & Baize, 2004)|
|1,5||Indian standards (Awashti, 2000)|
|0,3||CMR (Mench & Baize, 2004) ; Valeur maximale du règlement 1881/2006/CE (Tremel- Schaub & Feix, 2005)|
|Hg||0,05||Based on the Chinese standard (GB 2762-2012)|
Pesticides contents determination
Extraction and cleaning of the samples
The QuECHERS method was used with some modifications (Qozowicka et al., 2012). A micro-extraction of the sample finely crushed with acetonitrile was carried out in centrifuge tubes. While taking as a starting point of the literature (Anastassiades, 2005), the purification of the extracts was carried out by centrifugation with salts (sulphate of anhydrous sodium) and carbon black graphitized (GCB) to mobilize the coloured substances (chlorophyl and carotene) that are non-active by precipitation. The supernatant obtained from the frozen extract after centrifugation was recovered in a vial using a Pasteur pipette. The analysis of the extracts was carried out using a chromatograph in gas phase (Agilent Technologies) that has a micro-detector that captures electron (GC-µECD/GC-FPD, Hewlett Packard). A capillary chromatographic column of type dB-17 MS. It had a length of 30 cm, an internal diameter of 250 μm and a thickness of 0.25 μm. Nitrogen of high purity was used as the carrier gas. The injection was carried out using Split/Splitless injection technique with an injection volume of 2 μl. The temperatures of the apparatus were as follows:
– Room of injector programmed at 275°C with a pressure of 20.72 psi;
– Column (75°C during 0.5 mn, 75-300°C with a flow of 10°C/mn and 300°C during 7mn);
– Detector (325°C).
Principal component analyses (PCA), were carried out, in order to determine the correlations between the various elements.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Evaluation of metals traces in the market-gardening products
The results of the levels of heavy metals in the plants are presented in Tab 2. Heavy metals found in the vegetables sold in markets of Ouagadougou town are Cd, Pb, AS and Hg.
Table 2 Average values of heavy metals (mg.kg -1) in fresh vegetables sold in various markets of Ouagadougou town.
|Heavy metals (mg.kg -1)|
|Species||Site of study (codes of markets)||Hg||Pb||Cd||As|
|Amaranthus hybridus||A||3.842 ± 0.001||0.017 ± 0.015||3.939 ± 0.04||1.404 ± 0.04|
|Cleome gynandra||B||0.323 ± 0.02||0.129 ± 0.06||0.698 ± 0.09||0.002 ± 0.01|
|Hibiscus sabdariffa||C||ND||0.176 ± 0.01||0.734 ± 0.06||1.495 ± 0.03|
|Ipomaea batatas||D||ND||0.027 ±0.08||0.017 ±0.08||0.292 ± 0.02|
|Cleome gynandra||E||ND||0.012 ± 0.02||0.742 ± 0.012||1.691 ± 0.04|
|Hibiscus sabdariffa||F||0.256 ± 0.00||0.114 ± 0.05||2.799 ± 0.015||0.074 ±0.02|
|Amaranthus hybridus||G||0.305 ± 0.00||0.119 ± 0.012||0.395 ± 0.015||0.176 ± 0.04|
|Ipomaea batatas||H||2.66 ± 0.05||0.013 ±0.01||0.148 ±0.05||ND|
|Amaranthus hybridus||I||0.103 ±0.001||1.027 ± 0.06||0.292 ± 0.015||1.887 ± 0.013|
|Hibiscus sabdariffa||J||0.624 ±0.001||1.014 ± 0.07||0.174 ± 0.008||ND|
|Cleome gynandra||K||ND||0.156 ± 0.02||0.252 ± 0.013||ND|
|Ipomaea batatas||L||ND||0.016 ± 0.035||0.119 ± 0.018||1.395 ± 0.005|
|Hibiscus sabdariffa||M||ND||0.127 ± 0.015||0.250 ± 0.055||0.001 ± 0.053|
|Ipomaea batatas||N||ND||0.155 ± 0.00||0.099 ± 0.07||ND|
|Amaranthus hybridus||O||ND||0.354 ± 0.05||2.714 ± 0.045||0.145 ± 0.040|
|Cleome gynandra||P||ND||0.018 ± 0.07||5.740 ± 0.05||ND|
|Cleome gynandra||Q||0.327 ± 0.028||0.043 ± 0.083||0.021 ± 0.006||0.016 ± 0.084|
|Amaranthus hybridus||R||0.098 ± 0.017||0.023 ± 0.005||0.276 ± 0.055||0.174 ± 0.05|
|Hibiscus sabdariffa||S||0.300 ± 0.052||1.145 ± 0.002||0.237 ± 0.08||0.190 ± 0.012|
|Ipomaea batatas||T||ND||0.035 ± 0.075||0.024 ± 0.02||0.026 ± 0.09|
|CMR (WHO. 2004)||2||0.1||0.2||0.01|
|Mench and Baize. 2004||3||2|
Cd is accumulated by both leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Ipomeae batatas and in Cleome gynandra (fig 2 and 5). Cd contents is low in the leaves of Ipomeae batatas sold in the market of Nabi yaar (0.017 mg.kg -1) and in the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa collected from the market of the City Year II (0.017 mg.kg -1). The Cd contents in the various plants largely exceed the thresholds recommended by FAO/OMS (0.1 mg.kg-1) and 65% of the plants have Cd contents higher than standards (0, 2 mg.kg-1 ). For Hg, 50% of vegetables sold in several markets showed values higher than the thresholds values compared to the Chinese standard (Tab 2). The values obtained in the other plants are relatively high and largely above the tolerable threshold range (0.05 to 2 mg.kg -1).The values of Pb in the analysed vegetables ranged between 0.013 and 1.145 mg.kg-1. And 55% of the samples collected from the 20 markets, largely exceeding the thresholds values indicated by FAO/OMS (0.1 mg.kg-1). Pb and Hg were more accumulated in the leaves of Cleome gynandra, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Amaranthus hybridus (Fig 2 and 5).
The As were accumulated in the leaves of Amaranthus hybridus, Cleome gynandra and Hibiscus sabdariffa; and in 60% of the analyzed leaves. The amounts were relatively high in the leaves samples of Amaranthus hybridus from Bonsé yaar (1.887 mg.kg -1), Cleome gynandra (1.691 mg.kg -1) from the market of Benogo and in the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa taken from Zogona yaar (1.495 mg.kg -1). Thus, the analyses showed values of up to 1.887 mg.kg -1, which largely exceeded the tolerable threshold value (0.1 mg.kg -1).
Figure 1 Heavy metal contents in Amaranthus hybridus leaves
Figure 2 Heavy metal content in Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves
Various types of chemical pesticides found in the plants
The analysis of the pesticides content in plants (Tab 3) indicated that the 53,33% of the chemical elements found in the vegetables are pesticides of the family of pyrethrinoid (permethrin, tetramethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and λ – cyhalothrine); 24% of the organochlorinated compounds (lindane, alachlore, heptachlore, dieldrine); 22,67% of the organophosphorus compounds and carbamates (chlorpyrifos-methyl, parathion-ethyl, diazinon and quintozène).
Table 3 Pesticide contaminated vegetables sold in Ouagadougou.
|Culture/family/species (number of sampling)||Name of the pesticides detected||Number of contaminated samples||Sample exceeding numbers of the MRL||Number of samples containing multiple residues of pesticides for each product||Range of pesticide/Residues (mg.kg -1)||MRL (mg.kg -1)|
Amaranth /Amaranthus hybridus/ (30)
|Tetramethrine||3||1||0.097 – 0.365||0.05|
|Λ-cyhalothrine||3||1||1||0.099 – 0. 107||0.05 -0.02|
|Permethrine||1||1||0.692 – 1.775||0.05 -0.25|
|Cypermethrine||1||1||0.102 – 0.826||0.05|
|Deltamethrine||3||2||1||0.294 – 0.86||0.05|
|Lindane||1||1||0.014 – 0.65||0.5|
|Quintozene||2||1||0.157 – 0.371||0.007|
|Heptachlore||1||1||0.016 – 0.025||0.05|
|Alachlore||1||0.082 – 0.198||0.05|
|Dieldrine||1||1||0.028 – 0.092||0.02-0.05|
|Diazinon||1||3||1||0.037 – 0.089||0.01-0.05|
|Chlorpyrifos-methyl||4||2||1||0.046 – 0.54||0.01-0.05|
|Parathion-ethyl||1||0.023 – 0.035||0.05|
Sorrel / Hibiscus sabdariffa/ (30)
|Lindane||2||1||0.019 – 0.52||0.5|
|Cypermethrine||4||3||1||0.282 – 0.813||0.05|
|Permethrine||1||1||0.689 – 0.853||0.05 -0.25|
|Alachlore||1||1||0.016 – 0.085||0.05|
|Dieldrine||1||0.024 – 0.047||0.02-0.05|
|Deltamethrine||3||1||1||0.145 – 0. 324||0.05|
|Λ-cyhalothrine||3||4||1||0.018 -0.059||0.05 -0.02|
|Diazinon||1||2||1||0.036 – 0.042||0.01-0.05|
|Chlorpyrifos-methyl||1||1||1||0.014 – 0. 035||0.01-0.05|
|Tetramethrine||4||0.021 – 0.043||0.05|
Bastard mustard /Cleome gynandra/ (30)
|Λ-cyhalothrine||4||2||1||0.069 -0.178||0.02 -0.05|
|Permethrine||3||1||1||0.169 – 0.355||0.05 -0.25|
|Cypermethrine||3||1||1||0.164 – 0.89 1||0.05|
|Heptachlore||1||1||0.016 – 0.083||0.05|
|Deltamethrine||2||4||1||0.059 – 0.288||0.05|
Sweet potato / Ipomaea batatas/ (30)
|Permethrine||5||1||1||0.169 – 0.326||0.05 -0.25|
|Λ-Cyhalothrine||8||2||0.178 – 0.574||0.02 -0.05|
|Dieldrine||3||1||1||0.012 – 0.828||0.02-0.05|
|Deltamethrine||4||4||1||0.059 – 0.158||0.05|
|Cypermethrine||1||3||1||0.155 – 0. 925||0.05|
|Total = 120||82||47||22|
MRL-Maximum Residue Level
The principal component analysis revealed the correlation between pesticides contents and plant species, between heavy metal contents and plants species.
Figure 3 Principal component analysis of organochlorinated compounds and carbamates in the studied vegetable species – a: Organochlorinate and carbamate
Figure 3 Principal component analysis of organochlorinated compounds and carbamates in the studied vegetable species – b : Vegetable species
Figure 4 Principal Component Analysis of Pyrethrinoid of synthesis in the vegetables leaves – a: Pyrethrinoid synthesis in the vegetables
Figure 4 Principal Component Analysis of Pyrethrinoid of synthesis in the vegetables leaves – b: Vegetables species
Figure 5 Principal component analysis of heavy metals in vegetables – a: Heavy metals analyses in vegetables leaves
Figure 5 Principal component analysis of heavy metals in vegetables – b: Vegetables species
Figure 6 Chromatogram of the vegetable leaves samples containing of the residues of pesticides – a: Chromatogram of a sample of Amaranthus hybridus satisfying with pyrethrinoid with synthesis.
Figure 6 Chromatogram of the vegetable leaves samples containing of the residues of pesticides. – b: Chromatogram of a sample of Hibiscus sabdariffa containing the organochlorinated ones and carbamates.
Residues of pesticides in the babenda, local sauce.
In general, there was a decrease in the level of residues but it varied greatly, depending on:
- washing, it depends on the nature of the molecule and its formulation, the plant structure and washing methods; it only concerns contact products;
- the degree of heating (cooking or bleaching), it is also effective and can supplement for the drops due to previous treatments.
The moist heat is a significant factor. Tetramethrin was detected in the samples with contents ranging from 0.0024 to 0.0085 mg.kg -1, respectively. Lambda-cyhalothrin concentrations ranged from 0.0049 to 0.0057 mg.kg -1 in samples d and b, unlike cypermethrin, samples e – b recorded pesticide residue levels of 0.0072 to 0.0085 mg.kg -1. Samples a – d recorded deltamethrin levels of 0.0043 to 0.0072 mg.kg -1. An 80% reduction of lindane in the babenda, with a value of 0.0075 to 0.0081 mg.kg -1 in samples b – c , while heptachlor recorded values of 0.0099 to 0.0012 mg.kg -1 in level 1 sample a– d . 92.5% tetramethrin, 15% lamabda-cyhalothrin, 87.5% cypermethrin and 60% deltamethrin were the percentages of synthetic pyrethroids removed during cooking. Compared with organochlorine insecticides, lindane had 95% and 52% heptachlor removal.
About 75.65% of the analysed plants had heavy metal contents which exceeded the threshold fixed at 0.2; 0.3 and 0.1 mg.kg -1 , respectively for Cd, Pb and As (FAO/WHO, 2001). Vegetables sold in several markets show Hg content below the thresholds values (Table 2). The Cd contents obtained (0.017 to 3.939 mg.kg -1 was higher than the contents obtained with the crop plants on the metallurgical grounds of Noyelles Godault and Auby in France, which reached up to 1.5 mg.kg -1 (Douay and Sterckeman, 2002; Touré et al., 2015). But a study carried out on the sites of Cocody and Maccory in Côte d’Ivoire (Gupta et al., 2008) reported Cd contents in plants lower than those of this study (0.12 to 0.41 mg.kg -1 ).
In the leaves of Amaranthus hybridus and Hibiscus sabdariffa collected from the markets, Hg was detected (1,6,7, 9,10,18,19), whereas in the samples of Ipomoea batatas and of Cleome gynandra, Hg was detected only in samples from certain markets with average values of concentration varying from 0.098 to 3.842 mg.kg -1 ; lower than those reported from India (Gupta et al., 2008), (2.682 to 3.947 mg.kg -1 ) and then Cameroon (Noubissié, 2015). Among the four types of vegetables examined, Cleome gynandra and Amaranthus hybridus recorded the highest level of Cd concentration which were 5.74 mg.kg -1 and 3.842 mg.kg -1, respectively. Hibiscus sabdariffa recorded the highest level of Pb concentration which was 1.145 mg.kg -1 and Hibiscus sabdariffa recorded the highest concentration of As which was 1.691 mg.kg -1 The average contents of the heavy metals detected in Hibiscus sabdariffa, Amaranthus hybridus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Amaranthus hybridus were in the order: Cd > Pb > As> Hg. Cleome gynandra and Ipomoea batatas had high holding capacity for Cd, Pb, As and Hg, respectively.
Hg acceptable limit value is 2 mg.kg -1, the results obtained show a high level when compared to the standards (Amaranthus hybridus 2.665 mg.kg -1 Ipomaea batatas 3.842 mg.kg -1).
The result is similar to those obtained in Cameroon on plants samples (Amaranthus hybridus and Hibiscus sabdariffa) (Noubissié, 2015), 2.682 to 3.947 mg.kg -1 .
The normal acceptable values of Pb according to the FAO/WHO (2001) is 0.3 mg.kg -1 . The average values of Pb found (0.3535, 0.445, 0.548, 1.145 and 2.223 mg.kg -1 ) were higher than the standard set by the FAO/WHO (2011) which is only 0.1 mg.kg -1 ; but similar to those reported by Mpundu et al. (2013) (0.72 and 1.72 mg.kg -1 ). Whereas the toxic nature of Pb has been known for a long time, as well as the dangers related to the contamination of food by this metal (Mourato et al., 2015). But these values are lower than those reported in DR Congo with values of 3.67, 4.089; 5.21, 7.547 and 10.25 mg.kg -1. The results of this study corroborate with those obtained by Noubissié (2015) who reported values of 0.134, 0.283, 2.697 and 3.503 mg.kg -1. The high Pb values recorded in certain vegetables are probably as a result of pollutants in the water of irrigation, agricultural grounds or road traffic (Qui et al., 2000).
Wong et al. (1996) reported that the Chinese cabbage more easily collects Pb compared to other heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. The Pb rate in this study is higher in the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa (1.145 mg.kg -1) and weaker in the sheet of Ipomaea batatas (0.013 mg.kg -1). The Pb rates reported in this study are higher than that reported in lettuce leaves (0.01 mg.kg -1 ) by Adu et al. (2012).
Table 4 Total concentrations of pesticides (mg.kg -1) in the “babenda” leaf sauce collected from the markets of the city of Ouagadougou.
|Pesticides detected in babenda ( mg.kg -1 )|
Market 1 (08)
|a||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0020||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|b||< LQ||0,0010||0,0075||0,0042||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|c||< LQ||< LQ||0,0081||0,0093||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|d||< LQ||0,0012||< LQ||0,0051||0,0056||0,006||0,0059|
|e||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0310||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|f||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0019|
Market 2 (08)
|a||< LQ||0,0012||< LQ||0,0011||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|b||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0057||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|c||< LQ||0,0013||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|d||< LQ||0,0097||< LQ||0,0015||< LQ||< LQ||0,0076|
|e||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0030||< LQ||< LQ||0,0072|
|f||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,007||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
Market 3 (08)
|a||< LQ||0,0010||< LQ||< LQ||0,0085||0,0086||< LQ|
|b||0,0081||0,0011||< LQ||0,0049||< LQ||< LQ||0,00793|
|c||< LQ||0,0010||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|d||< LQ||0,0017||< LQ||0,0049||< LQ||< LQ||0,0051|
|e||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0061|
|f||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0058|
Market 4 (08)
|a||< LQ||0,0099||< LQ||0,0069||< LQ||< LQ||0,0046|
|b||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0035||< LQ||< LQ||0,0059|
|c||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0054||< LQ||< LQ||0,0099|
|d||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0083||< LQ||< LQ||0,0068|
|e||< LQ||0,0013||< LQ||0,0041||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|f||< LQ||0,0016||< LQ||0,0052||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
Market 5 (08)
|b||0,0024||0,0016||< LQ||0,0017||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ|
|c||< LQ||0,005||< LQ||0,0071||< LQ||< LQ||0,0052|
|d||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0026||< LQ||< LQ||0,0042|
|e||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,0053||0,0072||0,0072||< LQ|
|f||< LQ||< LQ||< LQ||0,00154||0,0011||0,001||< LQ|
a,b,c: Code samples of babenda; LO: Quantitation Limit
The acceptable value of Cadmium (Cd), defined by WHO (2004) is 0.2 mg.kg -1. The values obtained in this study (5.74, 4.702, 3.9395, 2.799, 1.425 and 0.742 mg.kg -1, respectively) showed higher contents than the standards of WHO (2004). Also, the results obtained in this study were higher than those reported by Kalonda et al. (2015) in DR Congo with values of 7.717, 1.981, 1.621, 1.245 and 0.782 mg.kg -1. Mpundu et al. (2013) reported Cd contents of 1.2 and 1.49 mg.kg -1 in the vegetables sold in the markets of mining zones of Lubumbashi.
The results obtained reveal that Cd concentration in the leaves was higher when compared to those reported by Rehman et al. (2016) in the five areas of Pakistan which varied from 0.2 to 1.6 mg.kg -1. Cd concentration for all vegetables, except Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cleome gynandra and Ipomaea batatas were respectively 0.174 ± 0.008 mg.kg -1; 0.021 ± 0.006 and 0.024 ± 0.02 mg.kg -1, and exceeded the limits (0.1 to 0.2 mg kg -1) established by SEPA (2005). Similar to the studies by shaheen et al. (2016); islam et al. (2015); rahman et al. (2013); ahmad and goni, 2010 was reported mean cd concentration of 0.013 – 0.056 mg.kg -1;0.009 – 7.9 mg.kg -1 respectively and 0.01 – 0,2 mg.kg -1 and 0.6 mg.kg -1 . Al-Rmalli et al. (2012) declared levels of Cd in not-light vegetables (0.008 ± 0.0008 mg.kg -1) and in some fruits (0.002 ± 0.001 mg.kg -1). These metals were in fossil fuels, oils and lubricants, and the smoke of engines of vehicles (Li et al., 2001; Imperato et al., 2003; Dao et al., 2010 ).
For Arsenic (As), the acceptable value is limited to 0.01 mg.kg -1 (WHO, 2004); the results obtained show that for some samples, the values were higher ( 3.372, 2.928, 1.887 and 0.0106 mg.kg -1). These results are similar to those obtained by Alina et al. (2012) who reported values in As as 6.57, 2.13, 1.36 and 0.59 mg.kg -1 in the samples of spinach sheet, Amaranthus hybridus and Hibiscus sabdariffa, respectively. Ubalua et al. (2007) reported some values of As (0.01, 0.02 and 0.2 mg.kg -1) lower than that found in this study. These differences in contents could be due to the different farming techniques and differences in the level of contamination of the ground, the atmosphere and the water of each site where samples were collected from (Adu et al., 2014).
Thirteen active compounds were detected in the vegetable-leaves studied such as: the pyrethrinoid compounds (tetramethrine, permethrine, λ-cyalothrine, cypermethrine and deltamethrine), organophosphorus compound and nitrogenized compounds (diazinon, chlorpyrifos-methyl and parathion- ethyl), organochlorinated compounds (lindane, heptachlore, alachlore and dieldrine) and the carbamates (quintozene) (Fig 3 and 4).
These results are similar to those obtained by Farag et al. (2011) who detected 16 residues of pesticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, profenofos, sulphur, chlorpyriphos-methyl, carbendazime, cypermethrine, ethion, propargite, perméthrine, λ-cyhalothrine, methomyl, phenpropathrin, quinalphos and pirimiphosméthyl) in the vegetables sold in the Egyptian market.
In general, the residual rates of pesticides of the 20 studied markets were either identical, below or above the hot lines of the LMR (Tab 3) authorized by FAO/WHO (2010) and the EU (2008). This may be as a result of inappropriate or abusive use of pesticides and lack of environmental education for farmers (Assogba et al., 2007). The organophosphorus pesticides were detected in almost all the vegetables analyzed with contents ranging from 0.029 to 0.089 mg.kg -1 for the diazinon; chlorpyriphos-methyl with 0.039 mg.kg -1 and 0.023 to 0.054 mg.kg -1 for the parathion-ethyl); often higher than the standard (EU, 2008) (0.02 mg.kg -1). Similar studies carried out by Ngom et al. (2013) on the evaluation of pesticides residues in the horticultural products consumed in Senegal detected residues of pesticides that are from organophosphorus compounds, in onion leaves with 0.017 and 0.014 mg.kg -1 in headed cabbage. The results of this study are largely higher than those recorded by Farag et al. (2011) who detected diazinon in the vegetables sold in the Egyptian markets, with values of 0.01 and 0.016 mg.kg -1 for chlorpyriphos-methyl. But these results are lower than those obtained by Touré et al. (2015) who reported contents of chlorpyriphos-methyl as 0.338 mg.kg -1 in Amaranthus hybridus during the analysis of pesticides residues in the market-gardening products collected from the dam Loumbila of Burkina Faso.
For lindane, the collection of different vegetables in the markets of Ouagadougou showed contents that largely exceeded the LMR (0.5 mg.kg -1) with respective average concentrations of 0.52 and 0.65 mg.kg -1 (Tab 3). On the other hand, for the heptachlore, the highest content was recorded, varying from 0.016 to 0.025 mg.kg -1, and alachlore recorded contents such as 0.085, 0.092 and 0.198 mg.kg -1 in the samples of vegetables analyzed (Tab 3). The values of dieldrine recorded in the vegetables were 0.92, 1.023 and 1.47 mg.kg -1. These results are similar to those obtained by Kanda et al. (2009). Congo (2013) reported residues of organochlorinated pesticides with variable concentrations (0.586, 1.095 and 3.913 mg.kg -1) in vegetables samples cultivated in the market-gardening perimeter of Lomé, Togo and Burkina Faso. These were collected from various markets of the countries. Compared to those obtained by Bempah et al. (2011), (0.04 and 0.1 mg.kg -1) in the samples of vegetables and spices collected from supermarkets and markets of Kumasi (Ghana). For the alachlore, the contents obtained in this study are higher (0.714 mg.kg -1) than those reported by Sène (2008) in lettuce and cabbage collected from Niayes Power Stations of Thiès with concentrations varying between 0.001 and 0.026 mg.kg -1.
The contamination of leaves by pyrethrinoid compound is also high even if its remanence is weaker compared to other active matters. The contents of these five active matters exceeded the LMR for the analyzed plants (0.096 mg.kg -1 for tetramethrine, 0.018 mg.kg -1 for λ-cyalothrine, 0.0826 mg.kg -1 for cypermιthrine, 0.169 mg.kg -1 forpermethrine and 0.059 mg.kg -1 for deltamethrine) (Tab 3). The results of pyrethrinoid obtained in this study are largely higher than those obtained by Touré et al. (2015) who, in a study on the evaluation of the metal-traces, pesticides and plasticizers in the market-gardening products (gombo, corète pot, spinach and aubergine) in the valley of the nieki, south-east of the Ivory Coast, obtained 0.007 mg.kg -1 of λ-cyalothrine in spinach against 0.022 mg.kg -1 of λ-cyalothrine in pot corete. Deltamethrine gave a concentration of 0.053 mg.kg -1 for the pot corete and 0.009 mg.kg -1 for spinach. The contents of pesticides residues obtained from the analyses in this study remained higher than those recommended by Codex alimentaruis (2010) and the EU (2008) in the plants. The total concentrations of the pyrethrinoid residues recorded are higher than those obtained by Coly (2000). The total concentrations of pyrethrinoid residues are also higher than those obtained by Ngom et al. (2013); with contents ranging between 0.006 and 0.01 mg.kg -1 for the deltamethrine in samples collected from the markets of Beavers and Large-Dakar. The results of this study are also higher than those published by Diop (2013) whose contents of deltamethrine lie between 0.087 mg.kg -1 in cabbage and 0.002, 0.009 and 0.018 mg.kg -1 for salad and λ-cyhalothrine with contents of 0.316 mg.kg -1 in cabbage and 0.012, 0.061 and 0.222 mg.kg -1 for salad; during a study that was related to the diagnosis of the practices of use and quantification of the pesticides in the zone of Niayes of Dakar (Senegal). For λ – cyalothrine, the average contents observed are higher (2.035; 3.153 and 4.475 mg.kg -1) than those reported as standards in the United States and in Western Europe which lay between 0.01 and 0.67 mg.kg -1 (Codex Alimentaruis, 2010).
In Poland, Qozowicka et al. (2012) also reported that chlorpyrifos was 27.4% (100) in their analyzed samples. The range of chlorpyrifos-methyl in Amaranthus hybridus (0.046 to 0.54 mg.kg -1) obtained in this study are similar to those reported by Chowdhury et al. (2013), who detected chlorpyrifos-methyl in majority of the vegetable samples (0.04 to 0.70 mg.kg -1). The concentration of chlorpyrifos in the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa varied from 0.014 to 0.035 mg.kg -1, in five samples having the highest concentration less than the LMR (0.50 mg.kg -1) (Tab 3). In addition, the studies carried out in the United States, China and Venezuela reported alarming results. These authors reported high concentrations of chlorpyrifos in tomatoes samples collected from Florida (0.07 mg.kg -1) (Stevens and Kilmer, 2009), from Xiamen, China (3.8 mg.kg -1) (Chen et al., 2011) and in Venezuela (0.14 to 0.16 mg.kg -1) (Quintero et al., 2008). However, the results of this study recorded lower concentration in the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa (0.014 to 0.035 mg.kg -1) when compared to those found in tomatoes samples of Hyderabad, Pakistan (average concentration was 0.22 mg.kg -1) (Latif et al., 2011) and India (0.158 mg.kg -1) (Sinha et al., 2012). Chlorpyrifos contents in the analyzed plants also recorded lower concentrations than those reported by Chowdhury et al. (2013) who reported contents of chlorpyrifos in cauliflower ranging from 0.062 to 0.080 mg.kg -1. These samples are higher than the standard recommended by the EU (2008) (0.05 mg.kg -1), and lower than those reported in cauliflower samples from China (0.018 mg.kg -1) (Sinha et al., 2012) and India (2.85 mg.kg -1) (Mandal and Singh, 2010; Sinha et al., 2012).
Similar studies carried out in Nigeria (Adeyeye and Osibanjo, 1999), in Ghana (Ntow, 2001), and in Gambia (Manirakiza et al., 2003;Williamson, 2008) revealed contaminations of tubers, fruit and vegetables by various residues of pesticides; all higher than the LMR enacted by WHO (2004) and the European Union (EU, 2008).
A total of seven active ingredients (permethrin, tetramethrin, cypermethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, heptachlor, and lindane) were detected in the babenda leaf sauce.
The results of this study are consistent with those reported by FAO (2004) with reference to the Codex Alimentarius (2010) who adopted these definitions and classifications of foods for the purpose of pesticide residue controls. The committee recorded a 50% decrease in organochlorine residues in carrots and a 10-25% removal of pyrethroids in cabbage after cooking. Other existing heat treatment results suggest that bleaching of vegetables results in a 20-40% decrease in organochlorine insecticides in spinach compared to 30-80% pyrethroids (FAO / WHO, 2004).
DGAL (2000) reported that identical meals or “duplicate meals” collected from 25 sites and 5 regions were containing six residues that are at least 1-times higher than the limit of quantification; and 4 of the residues have never been quantified. The analysis showed that the contamination is not significant. The results of this study are in line with those reported by the EFSA (2007), who found out that over 97% of the food tested contained pesticide residues within the allowed limits.
This constitutes a true problem of public health because the vegetables produced in these small farms located near the urban centres occupy a significant place in the daily food of the cities populations.
The majority of vegetables tested present contamination by heavy metals and pesticides that are alarming. The pesticides and heavy metals contents present in vegetables in the various markets of Ouagadougou town were tested. The majority of the samples showed that the contents of pesticides are relatively higher than the contents of heavy metals; probably because of the excessive use of pesticide chemicals by industries, mining activities and animal husbandries. The risk of contamination of the food chain by the consumption of the vegetables sold on the markets of Ouagadougou town are not negligible. This contamination could be the cause of many diseases suffered by the consumers. It can also cause damage in agricultural production like breeding.
The results obtained in this study are significant in the sense that it shows that human health is directly affected by the consumption of the vegetables. The monitoring of pesticides and heavy metals contents in the vegetables intended for the preparation of “babenda” sauce must be continued; because this sauce is highly consumed during great ceremonies (marriages, baptisms, university canteens and households) in Burkina Faso.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Islamic Bank of Development. The authors highly recognize and express their gratitude for the support by the LNSP and the ONEA who provided the technical platform for the analyses.
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IMPERATO, M., ADAMO, P., NAIMO, D., ARIENZO, M., STANZIONE, D., VIOLANTE, P. 2003. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban soils of Naples city (Italy). Environmental Pollution, 124, 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00478-5
ISLAM, M., SHAMSAD, S. 2009. Assessment of irrigationwater quality of Bogra district in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 34, 4, 507-608.
ISLAM, M.S., AHMED, M.K., HABIBULLAH-AL-MAMUN, M. 2015. Determination of heavy metals in fish and vegetables in Bangladesh and health implications. Human and Ecological Risk Assessement, 21, 4, 986-1006. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5836
ROBERT M AND JUSTE C. 1999. Impact of the activities lombricians on (1) the quality of cut-off waters and in particular their load in metal elements traces (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) and (2) of the redistribution of these elements within the particular microsites of the ground, CRIN, Paris, 495.
KALONDA, D. M., TSHIKONGO, A. K., KODONDI KULE KOTO, F., KASONGO BUSAMBWA,C., BWALYA, Y. K., MUSOLA CANSA H., KAHAMBWE, J.L.,TAMBWE, Z., KALALA L., LONGANGA OTSHUDI A. 2015. Profile of the heavy metals contained in the food plants usually consumed in some mining zones of the province of Katanga. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 96, 9049-9054.
KANDA, M., WALA, K., BATAWILA, K., DJANEYE-BOUNDJOU, G., AHANCHEDE, A., AKPAGANA, K. 2009. Le maraîchage périurbain à Lomé : pratiques culturales, risques sanitaires et dynamiques spatiales. Cahiers Agricultures, 18, 356-63. https://doi.org/10.4000/vertigo.13456
KANDA, M., DJANEYE-BOUNDJOU, G., WALA, K., GNANDI, K., BATAWILA, K., SANNI, A., AKPAGANA, K. 2013. Assessment of pesticide residues and trace element contamination in market gardens of Togo. African Journal of Environment Science and Technology, 6, 380–390.
KOFFI-NEVRY, R., ASSI-CLAIR, B.J., ASSEMAND, E.F., AFFOU, S.W., KOUSSEMON, M. 2012. Origin of the witnesses of fecal contamination of the water of watering of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivated in the zone périurbaine of Abidjan. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 52, 3669-3675.
KOUMOLOU, L., EDORH, A.P., AGBANDJI, L., HOUNKPATIN, S. A., ELEGBEDE, B. 2012. Threat of the health quality of garden produces linked to pollution by toxic metals on some gardening sites of Benin. American Journal of Environ. Sciences, 8, 3, 248-52. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2012.248.252
LATIF C. Y., SHERAZI S. T H, BHANGER M. I. 2011. Assessment of pesticide residues in commonly used vegetables in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74, 2299-2303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.030
LI, X., POON, C.S., LIU, P. S. 2001. Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong. Applied Geochemistry, 16, 1361 – 1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(01)00045-2
LOCK, K., POMERLEAU, J., CAUSER, L., ALTMANN, D.R., MCKEE, M. 2005.The global burden of disease attributable to low consumption of fruit and vegetables: implications for the global strategy on diet. Bulletin of the World Health Organization; 83: 100-108.MANDAL, K., SINGH, B. 2010.¶Magnitude and frequency of pesticide residues in farmgate samples of cauliflower in Punjab, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 85 (4), 423-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-010-0107-9
MANIRAKIZA, P., AKINBAMIJO, O., COVACI, A., PITONZO, R. AND SCHEPENS, P. 2003. Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in West African City Farms: Banjul and Dakar case study. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44, 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-2006-5
MENCH, M., BAIZE, D. 2004. Contamination of the grounds and our food of vegetable origin by the elements in traces. Measurements to reduce the exposure, INRA Environmental Mail, 52 (52), p.31-56.
MOURATO, M.P., MOREIRA, I.N., LEITÃO, I., PINTO, F.R., SALES, J.R. AND MARTINS, L. L. 2015. Effect of Heavy Metals in Plants of the Genus Brassica. Internal Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16 (8), 17975–17998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160817975
MPUNDU, M. M. M., USENI, S. Y., NTUMBA, N. F., MUYAMBO, M. E., KAPALANGA, K. P., MWANSA, M., ILUNGA, K. L., NYEMBO, K. 2013. Évaluation des teneurs en éléments traces métalliques dans les légumes feuilles vendus dans les différents marchés de la zone minière de Lubumbashi. Journal Applied Biosciences¶, 66, 5106- 5113. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v66i0.95008
MUHAMMAD, F., FAROOQ, A., UMAR, R. 2008. Appraisal of heavy metal contents in different vegetables grown in the vicinity of an industrial area. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 5 (40), 2099–2106. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/194765
NDLOVU, J., AFOLAYAN, A.J. 2008. Nutritional analysis of the South African wild vegetable Corchorus olitorius L. Asian Journal of Plant Science; 7: 615–8.
SHAHEEN, N., IRFAN, N.M., KHAN, I. N., ISLAM, S., KAWSER, A. 2016. Presence of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables: Health risk implications in Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 152, 431 – 438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.060
NOUBISSIÉ, E. 2015. Spéciation des composés organométalliques (Hg, Sn, Pb) dans les sols des cultures maraîchères et dans trois espèces de plantes cultivées àNgaoundéré (Cameroun). Thèse de Doctorat en Chimie Analytique et Environnement. 255p.
NTOW, W. J., GIJZEN, H. J., KELDERMAN, P. AND DRECHSEL, P. 2001. Organochlorine pesticides in water, sediment, crops and human fluids in a farming community in Ghana. Archive of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 40, 557–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010210
PARK, J., KIM, J.-Y., KIM, K.-W. 2012. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals using Brassica napus. Geosystem Engineering, 15, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2012.674428
QOZOWICKA, B., JANKOWSKA, M., KACZYNSKI, P. 2012. Pesticide residues in Brassica vegetables and exposure assessment of consumers. Food Control, 561-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.11.017
QUI, X.X., HUANG, D.F., CAI, S.X., CHEN, F., REN, Z.G., CAI, Y. 2000. Investigation on vegetables pollution and pollution sources and its control in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. Fujian Journal of Agricultural. Science, 15, 16-21.
QUINTERO, A., CASELLES M. J., ETTIENE, G., COLMENARES, N G., RAMÃREZ, T., MEDINA, D. 2008. Monitoring of organophosphorus agricultural pesticide residues in vegetables of area in Venezuela. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81, 4, 393-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9511-9
RAHMAN, M.M., ASADUZZAMAN, M., NAIDU, R. 2013. Consumption of As and other elements from vegetables and drinking water from an As-contaminated area of Bangladesh. Journal of Hazard Materials, 262, 1056-1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.045
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SEPA. 2005. The Limits of Pollutants in Food. State Environmental Protection Administration, China. China’s Maximum Levels for Contaminants in Foods, 2762-2005.
¶SINHA, S.N., RAO, M., VASUDEV, K. 2012. Distribution of pesticides in different commonly used vegetables from hyderabad, India. Food Research International, 45, 1, 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.028
SON, D., SOMDA, I., LEGREVE A., SCHIFFERS, B. 2017. Practical plant health of the tomato producers of Burkina Faso and health risks and the environment. Book Agriculture, 26, 25005. https://doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2017010
SORO, L.C, OCHO-ANIN, A., KOUAMÉ, A., KOUAMÉ, C. 2012. Evaluation de la composition nutritionnelle des légumes feuilles. Journal of Applied Biosciences; 51: 3567 – 3573. STEVENS, T J., KILMER, R. L. 2009. With descriptive and comparative analysis of pesticide residues found in Florida tomatoes and strawberries. IFAS/Ext BUL331, University of Florida, Journal of Water Re source and Protection , 4, 107-114 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2012.43013
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WOLFF, M., TO VISSER, W. 2005. Methods and tools for analysis of the entries of charge: A contribution to the analysis of the model of the interlocutor in the description of routes, 2, 99 – 118.
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domain: chemistry


JAIPUR: After a prolonged wait of nearly three-and-half-years, people, real estate industry and stakeholders are anxiously waiting for Supreme Court
’s hearing on sand mining case
on April 15.
On November 16, 2017, Supreme Court restrained 82 large sand mine lease holders in the state from carrying out mining of sand and bajri in the state. Since then, many infrastructure projects and private housing projects and residents are purchasing sand illegally after paying exorbitant price.
Now, after the Central Empowered Committee
(CEC) recommended to issue environmental clearance
(EC) to valid Letter of Intent
(LOI) holders, this will be the first hearing in the apex court.
A source said, “The CEC was appointed by the Supreme Court to look into the issue of illegal sand mining. After the physical inspection, it recommended the ministry of environment
, forest and climate change (MoEF&CC) to issue environmental clearance to valid LOI holders within three months.”
The committee report recommended that the MoEF&CC will issue EC in respect of all the valid LOI holders recommended by the Expert Appraisal Committee
(EAC) in its meeting held during 2014-2016 without insisting on submission of scientific study report as a precondition for grant of EC within a period of three months. According to sources, out of 82 large leases, the (EAC) recommended 65. “The final nod will be given by the Supreme Court,” said a source.
The Supreme Court had earlier restrained large sand mine lease holders without procuring environmental clearance (EC) from (MoEF&CC). To grant the EC, the ministry later laid the condition to carry out a scientific replenishment study.


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Asian Scientist (Sep. 24, 2013) – A study by researchers in Australia has highlighted the important role played by immune cells in the risk of developing breast cancer.
Researchers studying immune cells known as macrophages in the breast have revealed how the role of these cells changes because of fluctuations in hormones during different times of the month.
In their study, published in Biology of Reproduction, the researchers showed that while immune cells have a role to play in the normal function of the breast, at certain stages in the menstrual cycle they may help to make the breast more susceptible to cancer.
“These cells should be protecting our body from cancer, but at certain times of the month it appears macrophages might be allowing cancerous cells to escape immune system detection,” said senior author Associate Professor Wendy Ingman.
“It’s sort of a Jekyll and Hyde scenario – we need the macrophages to do their job so that the breast can function normally, but at the same time they’re giving cancerous cells the chance to survive.”
“We think there is a window of risk that opens up around the time when women have their period. This is when levels of the hormone progesterone drop, and this affects how the breast functions. At this time, immune defenses in the breast tissue are down and women could be more susceptible to the initiating factors that lead to breast cancer.”
Researchers have known for some time that there is a link between the number of years of menstrual cycling and breast cancer risk but they are now just starting to understand the reasons behind this.
Source: University of Adelaide; Photo: snre/Flickr/CC.
Disclaimer: This article does not necessarily reflect the views of AsianScientist or its staff.


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Bubble Game Machine For Kids Electric Music Bubble Camera
With LED it can be played outdoors.
1. LED Flash: The camera bubble machine is more fun than messy bubble sticks! Each click of the button produces a multicolored light show and a series of sounds that little ones absolutely love.
2. Kids' fun: The camera bubble machine can blast countless colorful bubbles. Kids will laugh as they watch the constant bubbles fall from their mouths. Let your child enjoy an incredible bubble bath!
3. Easy to use: Simply attach the foaming solution bottle to the base of the bubble blower and blow the bubble with the push of a button.
4. Good quality: The toy camera is environmentally friendly, non-toxic and easy to use
This bubble fan provides a full range of entertainment for kids.
5. A great choice: powered by 3 AA batteries (not included), say goodbye to frequent charging troubles. Suitable for themed parties, birthday parties, kindergartens, playgrounds, pet parks, pool parties, picnics.
Color: pink, red, yellow
Size: 9 x 8.5 x 12 cm
Technical support: 3 x AA battery (not included)
1. The real project may be slightly different from the picture
2. No screw clip
3. No water, do not use in a humid environment
Package includes: 1x bubble machine, bubble liquid and rope


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Small White Bride Purse by Lillian Rose
This small white purse is perfectly suited for the fashionable bride. Artwork including scrolls, flowers and the word "Bride" is silk-screened in pinks and grays on the front flap. This front flap has a snap closure. The inside of the flap has a spot for your ID, and the inside of the purse has a divided area for sorting your belongings. A zipper in the back opens up another storage area, which includes 5 pockets. This purse measures 4.5" x 6.5" and includes a shoulder strap at the top that can adjust to between 14" and 26" long.

domain: design


Fantasy Baseball Update 8/17/13: Superstar Watch
Fantasy Baseball Daily: How Fielder, Strasburg and others fared this week
August 17, 2013
It’s that time once again. Every Saturday, we take a look around the fantasy baseball world to check in with some of the big-name stars in the game. We’ve got our usual mix of big and not-so-big numbers, as each player is in a different place during his season-long campaign. Let’s take a closer look at the stats from the past week so we can determine what to expect in the near future.
Prince Fielder, 1B, Detroit Tigers: Fielder is usually one of those guys who you can put in your fantasy lineup and just forget about, but not this season. He’s had his ups and downs, though it seems the downs are more common. Fielder is lagging in the homer department (18), but does have a chance to reach 100 RBI (he’s at 83). His BA (.258) is what really concerns us, however, as he’s back on a two-game 0-fer skid after a string of productive outings.
Rick Osentoski-USA TODAY Sports
Robinson Cano, 2B, New York Yankees: Cano’s hit streak is up to 11 games now, thanks to a 1-for-4 effort against the Red Sox yesterday. Over the last seven days, he’s hitting .500 (13-for-26) with a pair of doubles and six runs. If there’s a knock here, it’s that he’s only got three RBI in that span. We’ll blame the Yankees’ tepid lineup for that one, though. Cano is carrying a nice .300 average this season, and should reach the majority of his lofty projections.
Jose Reyes, SS, Toronto Blue Jays: Reyes did manage to post a hit (1-for-5) and a run during last night’s game against the Rays, so maybe that’s a sign of something good. Prior to that, he had gone hitless (0-for-13) over his previous three games. Still, owners shouldn’t be too worried. On the whole, Reyes has been productive, what with his .291 BA, 29 RBI and 36 runs. Imagine what those numbers could look like if he hadn’t been hurt earlier this year.
Jason Heyward, OF, Atlanta Braves: Heyward has quite a hit streak going. He’s not getting quite the attention that he should, since he’s posted just two RBI during his five-game hit streak, but he deserves some notice. In that span--all multi-hit games--he’s tallied 12 hits and five runs. Heyward is carrying an average of .462 (12-for-26) over the last seven days, so his owners should feel good this weekend.
Stephen Strasburg, SP, Washington Nationals: It’s been a very memorable week for Strasburg. On Sunday, he tossed his first career complete game shutout, going the distance against the Phillies. Strasburg, nearly as famous for his innings-limits as for his on-field play, was aided by his pitch count. He needed just 99 to complete the game for his first win since July 7. He’ll be in action once again today in Atlanta to try and make it two in a row.
For the latest article updates, follow Andrew on Twitter @SCPAndrew.


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Wilton Historical Society Presents Enslaved Black Residents and Their Descendants: Five Lives from Wilton's Past, A Talk by Dr. Julie Hughes on Saturday, February 5 2:00 – 3:00 on Zoom
A Black History Month Presentation by the Wilton Historical Society
Wilton's first Black residents were enslaved by many of the same families whose names now define our streets, topography, and historic buildings, including the Cannons, Lamberts, Abbotts, Beldens, Raymonds, Keelers, and Marvins. We rarely know more than a name and perhaps a baptismal date, or sometimes a sale price, for these earliest enslaved peoples. Locating even these scant records – much less tracing the lives of specific individuals – is extremely challenging. Dr. Julie Hughes has conducted extensive original research and brought to light some remarkable findings for the Wilton Historical Society with the help of grant funding from the Elizabeth Raymond Ambler Trust. The lives of the few who do stand out despite the flaws in the historical record – because of their own determination, their charisma, or thanks to the capacity of bureaucracies for producing and retaining paperwork – tell fascinating, infuriating, and inspiring stories of how Black Wiltonians continually advocated for themselves (with a little help from their neighbors) from the 1700s through the early 1900s. Dr. Hughes will present fascinating information in her lecture “Enslaved Black Residents and Their Descendants: Five Lives from Wilton's Past” on Saturday, February 5 from 2:00 – 3:00 on Zoom, a Black History Month Presentation by Wilton Historical. The focus will be on Philes, aka Gin (Abbott Family); Jane Manning James (Abbott Family); Charles D. King (Lambert Family); Susan Dullivan and Charlotte Gilmore.
Julie Hughes earned her PhD in South Asian history from the University of Texas at Austin. She taught at Vassar College and Queens College and is the author of “Animal Kingdoms” (Harvard University Press, 2013). Since moving to the Wilton area, she has become interested in local history. She is now archivist at the Wilton History Room and has worked on history projects with the Wilton Historical Society, Ambler Farm, and the G&B Cultural Center. Her most recent work for Wilton Historical was research for the 2020 on-line exhibition Citizens at Last: Hannah Ambler, Grace Schenck and the Vote (available 24/7 at www.wiltonhistorical.org) as well as her talk “Caring for the Vote: Mothers and Suffragists in Wilton, Connecticut”.
The Wilton Historical Society, 224 Danbury Road, Wilton CT 06897 www.wiltonhistorical.org

domain: library


text:
The Power Moves is all about social skills and human interactions.
The idea is to improve our understanding of social dynamics by breaking down and explaining the details of real life interactions.
Mastering social skills indeed is the main aim of this website. But it always ties back to personal mindsets, beliefs and behavior. As Leonardo Da Vinci said:
One can have no smaller or greater mastery than mastery of oneself.
The Power Moves deals with the social dynamics, verbal and nonverbal, of people interactions. It spans the social dynamics of the three biggest realms of human socialization:
- Social Interactions
- Romantic Relationships
Social and social dynamics are the main focus, but it’s impossible -and unhelpful- separating the three. Therefore we will often go back and forth.
The Dark Side
A good chunk of focus in The Power Moves goes into the “dark side” of social dynamics.
Power abuse, verbal violence and day to day social climbing –Social Power Moves, in short-. Overall I believe humans are mostly good, but there’s plenty of ahole to go around.
And it’s up to us to know how to navigate the social arena to shoot back in style.
Good crops only flourish when you extirpate the bad weed
What’s Different: The Delivery
Simon Sinek says when you spend effort explaining why you’re different it’s because you’re not different. But if it’s your first time here, I felt the need start The Power Moves for two reasons:
- Little high quality information: I believe to give deeper insights than anyone else I had seen
- Most resources are uselessly generic. This website is specific.
“Be more assertive”, “be a challenge”… Have you ever wondered what do they even mean? The Power Moves want to show you exactly what do they mean in in the specific situation where they’re relevant.
I take a video, a text or tell you story. And tell you exactly what’s going on. What’s good with, what’s wrong, and what you should do when you’re in that situation.
That’s The Power Moves.

domain: sociology


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In a continuation of our previous discussion, let’s talk innovation and digital transformation in medical communications. There is a new sense of urgency to communicate research more rapidly and in innovative ways. But how is this best achieved? Find out in this edition of ISMPP’s InformED. Jennifer Ghith, Global Scientific Publications and Innovations Director at Pfizer, will speak to how to keep pace with scientific information and communicate in ways that will meet the new expectations of stakeholders. Don’t miss this conversation moderated by guest host Leslie Rotz, Director of Digital Strategy and Operations at MedThink, SciCom.
InformED is generously sponsored by MedThink SciCom.
More about ISMPP
The International Society for Medical Publication Professionals (ISMPP) is a professional member association formed in 2005 and registered as a not-for-profit under Section 501(c)(6). ISMPP's vision is to become the leading global authority on the ethical and effective communication of medical research to inform treatment decisions.
Advance the medical publication and communication professions globally through:
- enhanced integrity and transparency in medical publications and wider communications,
- improved standards and best practices,
- education, advocacy, and professional collaborations.
For more information, please visit ISMPP's website.

domain: medical


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As Jericho's website describes the three distinct village areas well, we'll include it here:?
Jericho's historic Old Red Mill stands impressively in the Jericho Corners village area next to Browns River on VT Route 15.
Jericho Center on Browns Trace still maintains a large Town Green which plays host to a variety of events during the year. The Jericho Town Library is also located here as well as Mt. Mansfield Union High School.
- The Riverside area (also known as "The Flats") is located on VT Route 15, adjacent to the border with Underhill. It is home to the new multi-use Mills Riverside Park, Deborah Rawson Memorial Library and two schools, the Jericho Elementary School and Browns River Middle School.
67 Vermont Route 15, Jericho, VT 05465
Phone: (802) 899-4936

domain: geography


text:
The WX forecast was for a dry day with sunny periods then cloud then sun. It was also the Low Bands Microwave Contest (23cms, 12cms, 9cms) so I wanted to combine SOTA + exercise + microwaves. I picked Innerdounny Hill as there is a good track nearly to the top and it has a good take off to Edinburgh for non-SOTA microwavers. Access is from the wonderfully named village of Yetts O’Muckhart.
I parked at Littlerig forest car park except there wasn’t much forest anymore. Harvesting looks to be complete for now with approx half the trees now removed. Planting is taking place so in another 35 years it will be like I remember my first visit. Should l last that long I’ll be in my 90s so I doubt I’ll ever see it like I did back 2007.
I can normally get to the trig in about 50mins. We’ve had a bit of snow and there was lots of snow damage to the road and some big lumps laying about still. No problem…
So the first 1.4km was easy and I made good speed. Didn’t look to be much snow on the top. Then the road splits and I went right. Almost immediately the road was in shade and the snow started. Quite firm and crunchy about 3in deep. But it wasn’t too difficult to make good speed as a downhill section approached. Here there was hardly any cover and the snow vanished in places.
Then I got to the most shaded bit on the North West facing part of the hill and the snow became serious.
Looking back at where I’d come from, snow getting about 6in deep near where I stood.
The view onwards up the slope and never getting exposed to much sun.
Gordon Bennet! Almost at once I was into 9in deep snow or worse. It was still quite crunchy but not enough to support my vast bulk and suddenly this stopped being a bimble in the forest but a determined slog along the track. And the small but not insignifcant climbing started.
It was serious stuff for the next 2.5km of the track. I cannot recall ever walking for so long in so much snow. I’ve walked further on snow that was nicely consolidated and walked through snow fields that were hard going but this was relentless stuff. Especially on a silly little 1pt summit. Finally I reached the top of the track. From here there is 700m across a wide cleared section of forest. It was cleared a long time back but the deep ditches remain between where the trees would have been. Sticking close to the fence is the usual route having first crossed the 100m or so width. Bad move… the snow was knee deep. I tried my best to step over the deep ditches and slowly the snow thinned out.
Then I slipped and collapsed into a ditch of snow that came past my waist. Only my diginity bruised I climbed up and slid back keeling over onto my side. The side where the 13cms antenna was attached to my rucksack. Amazingly no damage was done. Then I strode on and noticed I had collapsed back onto a walking pole which was now shaped like a banana. Booger! I gently tweeked it to straighted it when it folded on itself. Double booger! It still was usable but the flexed area will fail after a few more walks. 5 years I got out of these poles… time for new ones. And the snow got knee deep again.
The next 700m never ended and whilst I’d be walking in many other people’s footprints there were now just one set and that person’s stride was just a bit more than mine. That made using them hard work. I spotted the walker 500m in front of me. I saw him walk up to the trig point, look at me as I had caught up so he was 200m ahead, he looked at me and walked off. No wave or nothing. Ignorant sod.
What was surprising was there was not really any snow at the summit. Mainly bare and quite dry grass. Summit trig point, the windfarm is on Steele’s Knowe GM/SS-176.
So up with the HF dipoles and 13cms gear. I remembered to finish the antenna mounts and it was easy to fix in place and stay pointed now. On with the 817 and HF sound bad. On noes!!!1!! The sky is broken. But it didn’t seem right and a quick TX showed a horrible SWR. Look up and see one leg not connected to the feeder. Down with the pole, attached cable, up with pole, 60m and 40m lively. Result. I set the power to 0.5W and checked that I could hear GB3CSB on 2320.985MHz, yes S8, and the transverter PTT, yes. We’re in business.
I started back on 60m where MM0GGI just finished a QSO. I worked him and he said I was a rubbish signal. Then MI0RTY who was loud and he gave me 55 which felt wrong, Brian G4ZRP gave me 25 and struggled and Geoff GM4WHA gave me 33. Hohoho! Then I noticed that running 0.5W was the reason! Up to 5W and the reports were better. Having run out of 60m chasers I switch to 13cms for a mooch.
Station antennas for 60/40/30m and 13cms.
Business end of 13cms… a double-double-quad. ( I do like how my new camera realises I taking a photo of a distinct subject and sets the exposure/apperture to give a great depth of feel!)
No contest stations heard on 13cms but Dan GM6CMQ in Dunfermline was 59+. Jack GM4COX was out on Gathersnow Hill GM/SS-077 which I was looking at last week. He appeared and was 58. He was far enough away I could drop him to S2 by tweaking the antenna direction. We had a long chat and finally both of us managed to work Paddy 2M0IPO in Glasgow. Despite much calling and waving of antennas neither of us heard a 4th station to complete the activation on 13cms. But Gathersnow Hill was a complete for me only taking 10.5 years to activate and chase!
Onto 40m and there was some damn contest. I worked a few stations and lost my QRG to some idiot sending TEST all the time. Another booger. I moved to 30m and worked more stations.
11x 60m (2x S2S GW4VPX/GW4ZHI)
2x 40m (1x S2S HB9BIN)
6x 30m (2x S2S HB9CLT DL3VTA, 1x complete DM/SX-045)
3x 13cms (1x S2S GM4COX, 1x complete GM/SS-077)
Looking over to West Lomond GM/SS-154.
13cms station showing SG Labs transverter, 817, many cables, Palm Paddle and keyer.
Finally a view up to the Cairngorm Mountains. Lots of snow here still.
Now I had planned on doing Lendrick Hill as well as it’s even easier than Innerdounny. But with it taking nearly 1hr40 instead of 50mins and I still had to walk back through all that snow I gave up on that idea and had a longer activation here. It started very sunny and warm but even after 2.5 hours on the summit it wasn’t too cold. The walk out was a swine… all that sun in the morning and the fact it was 10C meant the crisp snow was wet and heavy. It was worse coming down than going up. Back at the car it was 2 cans of Red Bull and 40min drive home. Today my calf muscles are complaining loudly.
Still 2 completes and also 3 QSOs on 13cms plus lots of regulars worked on HF. I’d say that was a result.


text:
published by: Knopf
publish date: August 7, 2012
Hig survived the flu that killed everyone he knows. His wife is gone, his friends are dead, he lives in the hangar of a small abandoned airport with his dog, his only neighbor a gun-toting misanthrope. In his 1956 Cessna, Hig flies the perimeter of the airfield or sneaks off to the mountains to fish and to pretend that things are the way they used to be. But when a random transmission somehow beams through his radio, the voice ignites a hope deep inside him that a better life—something like his old life—exists beyond the airport. Risking everything, he flies past his point of no return—not enough fuel to get him home—following the trail of the static-broken voice on the radio. But what he encounters and what he must face—in the people he meets, and in himself—is both better and worse than anything he could have hoped for.
I kept hearing about The Dog Stars and how it was so awesome. So when the audiobook was available at the library, I jumped at the chance to listen to it. The book lived up to its hype. It will most likely make it to my Top 10 of 2012.
The Dog Stars takes place in a post-apocalyptic United States. A flu virus, then mysterious blood disease, killed off 99% of the population. Hig somehow survived both illnesses. Now he's living at a small airport with his dog Jasper. His neighbor Bangley, a survivalist, helps Hig control the perimeter so that no unwanted visitors make their way on to their shared property.
Don't expect a whole lot to happen in this book. It's not a zombie thriller or a wild dystopian adventure. It's simply about Hig and his struggle to live in this new world. That made it unique in the post-apocalyptic books and it was a beautiful story. My favorite part was the relationship Hig had with Jasper, his dog. Bangley was also a great character. I think he's getting a bit of a bad rap in some reviews, but I think deep down he's a good guy but too tough to show it.
I definitely recommend this book to fans of the post-apocalyptic genre. I think it might be a really good crossover novel. It's not YA and it has some situations that aren't quite YA appropriate, but I think it would be a great book for readers transitioning out of YA and looking for a good Adult novel. I also recommend the audiobook, it was very well done.

domain: literature


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Fish Oil…OK, so this isn’t just a health FAD; It seems to have some actual scientific proof to be a health benefit. So how do we start supplementing our wild Salmon intake? Maybe no other website out there can put it as plainly and clearly as our friends over at Whole 9.
In this article… “Whole 9′s Official Fish Oil FAQ’s” you’ll get your basic questions answered.
Remember they run a highly successful nutrition blog based on eating real food and keep in mind their main philosophy towards fish oil… “Hear us clearly, you can’t fish oil your way out of poor dietary choices, lack of sleep, overtraining and any combination of the above”. 2-4grams/day is what they recommend (that is by adding both the EPA & DHA mg’s on the label)
Whole 9’s top choice for fish oil is – StrongerFasterHealthier.com. High quality ingredients. Pricey, yes, but you get what you pay for here. Highly concentrated EPA and DHA (1500mg & 1000mg respectively) so much smaller serving size to get the recommended dose. About $1.20/day for the 3500mg recommended.
For another liquid form fish oil a little cheaper (about $.80/day) you can check out Vitacost.com’s brand They’re at 800mgEPA and 500mgDHA, lower concentration so more down the throat.
I personally (Lindeman) take 3600mg/day of Vitacost.com’s Mega EFA Omega 3 softgels. Still good quality behind the SFH liquid but the price is right for me. They’re at 800mgEPA & 400mgDHA per two softgels, so, I end up swallowing three with food in the AM and three with food in the PM. Two reasons I like them: Softgels are easily to get around, & it runs me about $.55/day.
This is one of a very few supplements we’ll encourage so get on it, but more importantly get the good fats in your real food diet…wild caught Salmon, grass fed Beef, organic free range eggs. Enjoy.

domain: food


September 14, 2013
Local girls this weekend could get the dress of their dreams at the price of their dreams at one high school.
A few students at Monticello High School put on the event to sell new and gently-used formal dresses and shoes for dances and prom.
"People from all over come to this event and get dresses for homecoming, for prom for different things," said Monticello High School senior Sharon Fernandez.
Some dresses still had the tags on.
The dresses cost $35 and were donated by people and shops around the area.
"It's honestly the best feeling seeing someone try it on, and it looks great on them," Monticello High School senior Carolline Firer said. "Knowing that instead of them sitting in my closet, these dresses can go on and help someone go to homecoming, have a good time and and look great."
Monticello High School students were able to get dresses at a $10 discount for just $25 with a school ID card.
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Last week, we wrote about a Food and Drug Administration’s Obstetrics and Gynecology Devices Panel meeting to consider approval of a female condom; the product (currently called the FC2) is similar to the existing Reality condom, but with a change in the material.
That panel met on Thursday and unanimously recommended (14-0) approval.
Research was presented on the device assessing mechanical failures (such as breakage and slippage) as compared to the original female condom which it will replace. The research suggests that the two products were very similar in these respects.
However, the FDA’s summary of the meeting indicates that “No clinical studies have been submitted to show FC2 effectiveness for pregnancy or STI risk reduction.” And the FC2 was approved under the condition that the label for the device “be revised to accurately reflect the extent of the evidence comparing FC1 and FC2.” The panel specifically noted that “clinical outcomes (i.e., pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections) had not been studied on FC2.”
What I don’t quite understand is why research data on effectiveness for pregnancy and STI risk reduction wasn’t presented or required. The manufacturer is claiming that the new version is essentially equivalent to the female condom already on the market, but the material has been changed from a polyurethane to a nitrile – it seems like a change in what the condom is made of might warrant additional study. The full transcript of the meeting is not yet available, so perhaps this question was addressed, but it’s not apparent that any research was presented suggesting whether the nitrile material is as effective as polyurethane in preventing sexually transmitted infections or pregnancy.
As this brief from the Daily Women’s Health Policy Report notes, the new material makes the condoms less costly and the FC2 is already in use in other countries.
Update: The National Women’s Health Network has released their testimony to the advisory panel. In it, they address the FDA’s concerns about the study and recommend approval of the condom, and also ask for further discussion of and research on how spermicide may affect the device.


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Marimba Solo - Grade 4-6
Composed by arr. Kristen Shiner McGuire and David McGuire. Arranged by David McGuire and Kristen Shiner. Mallet Solo. Kendor Music Inc #13745. Published by Kendor Music Inc (KN.13745).
Item Number: KN.13745
This grade 4-6 collection of 15 pieces includes a wide variety of music from the Baroque era, adapted as 2, 3, and 4 mallet marimba solos. Each piece contains its own technical and musical challenges, as well as opportunities for creative expression. Composers include Bach, Barbirolli, Handel, Mouret, Telemann, Giordani and Calara.
Invention No. 8 In F (Bach); Concerto For Oboe And Strings (Barbirolli); Overture To Samson (Minuet) (Handel); Rondeau (Mouret); Sonata InaEUR^A Minor (II. Spirituoso) (Telemann); Sonata In A Minor (III. Andante Amabile) (Telemann); Sonata In A Minor (IV. Vivace) (Telemann); Overture To Samson (Allegro) (Handel); Presto From Concerto No. 3, BWV 974 (Bach); Caro Mio Ben; Selections From Sonata No. 2 For Oboe And Piano (Mvt. II) (Handel); Selections From Sonata No. 2 For Oboe And Piano (Mvt. IV) (Handel); Gigue (Handel); Prelude No. 6 (Bach); Sebben, Crudele (Calara).

domain: artistic