|Publication number||US4483672 A|
|Application number||US 06/459,279|
|Publication date||Nov 20, 1984|
|Filing date||Jan 19, 1983|
|Priority date||Jan 19, 1983|
|Publication number||06459279, 459279, US 4483672 A, US 4483672A, US-A-4483672, US4483672 A, US4483672A|
|Inventors||Elmer E. Wallace, Jesse H. Turner|
|Original Assignee||Essex Group, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (52), Classifications (14), Legal Events (7)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates to gas burner control systems and in particular to an improved gas burner control system for gas fired apparatus of the powered vent or forced draft type.
Gas fired apparatus of the powered vent type utilizes a blower connected to the exhaust vent of a combustion chamber for drawing ambient air into the combustion chamber to ensure adequate combustion of gas at the main burner and for discharging exhaust gas or combustion products from the combustion chamber to the atmosphere by way of a flue or chimney. To avoid a safety hazard in the event of a blower malfunction or a blockage in the air inlet or the flue, pressure sensitive control devices have been employed to sense the pressure variation within the exhaust vent that is produced by operation of the blower. Such control devices act to prevent or discontinue burner operation when the fluid pressure developed by the blower is below a selected value.
One form of such pressure sensitive control devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,650,260 is a pressure sensitive electric switch which senses the fluid pressure at the inlet of the exhaust blower to control the electrical energization of a burner gas supply valve. Another form disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,141,657 is a pneumatically operated valve which opens to supply gas to a burner when inlet pressure at the exhaust blower is below a selected value. Examples of other pneumatically operated valves are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,269,450 and 3,592,232.
The aforementioned pressure sensitive control devices are employed with other burner control apparatus which commonly includes a combination gas manifold control of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,009,861. Such a combination control comprises a diaphragm main valve operated between on-off positions and regulating positions by a bleed line system which controls the supply of a gas operating pressure to a diaphragm chamber with a servo regulator valve and an electromagnetically operated control valve. To prevent opening of the diaphragm main valve when the fluid pressure developed by the exhaust blower is inadequate, a pressure sensitive electrical switch is generally employed to control the application of power to the electromagnetically operated control valve. Although such pressure sensitive switches of a reliable construction are relatively costly, the alternate use of a separate pneumatically operated valve serially connected with the combination gas manifold control is even more costly and requires substantial installation space.
It also has been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,334,855 to modify a conventional combination gas manifold control to incorporate a pneumatically operated flapper valve section and a gas servo pressure regulator section which are each responsive to differential pressures produced by the flow of exhaust gas through a flow restricting orifice in an exhaust stack induced by a variable-speed blower. Communication of the differential pressure to the servo regulator section is controlled by the flapper valve section which has an "on" state when the pressure differential exceeds a first predetermined value and an "off" state when the differential pressure falls below a second predetermined value. In the "on" state of the flapper valve section, gas operating pressure is supplied by the servo regulator section to the diaphragm chamber of a diaphragm main valve which regulates the rate of gas flow to a main burner in proportion to the sensed differential pressure. It will be evident that the foregoing arrangement is rather complex and expensive and therefore is not particularly suitable for low cost installations of gas fired apparatus such as heating furnaces in homes and apartment buildings.
An improved gas burner control system for gas fired apparatus of the powered vent type according to the present invention includes a control device responsive to the fluid pressure level within the exhaust vent of the apparatus which is of low manufacturing cost and reliable operation and can be readily incorporated in a conventional combination control wherein a diaphragm main valve for controlling the supply of gas to the main burner of the apparatus is operated by a gas bleed line which is subject to pressure regulation by a servo regulator valve. The control device comprises a bleed valve conneced in the gas bleed line of the combination control for effecting control of the diaphragm main valve in an on-off manner and a pneumatic actuator having an expansible chamber in fluid communication with the exhaust vent and subject to fluid pressure in the exhaust vent. The expansible chamber is operatively connected to the bleed valve for effecting opening of the bleed valve when the fluid pressure in the exhaust vent drops below a first predetermined subatmospheric pressure level and for effecting the closing of the bleed valve when the fluid pressure in the exhaust vent rises above the first pressure level to a second predetermined subatmospheric pressure level.
A burner control system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention further includes a pilot burner for igniting gas flowing from the main burner, electrically operated ignition means for igniting gas flowing from the pilot burner, and a flame sensor switch responsive to the presence of flame at the pilot burner to complete an electric circuit for rendering the exhaust blower operative. Thus, a gas operating pressure effective to open the diaphragm main valve is supplied through the bleed line by the bleed valve only when the fluid pressure in the exhaust vent drops below a predetermined subatmospheric pressure level as a result of the initiation of blower operation in response to the establishment of flame at the pilot burner.
For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of gas fired apparatus including a burner control system embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional, partially schematic illustration of a combination control used in the invention shown in its open operating condition:
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of certain components of the combination control of FIG. 2 in a semi-exploded relationship;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram schematically showing one burner control system for the gas fired apparatus of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram schematically showing a modified burner control system for the gas fired apparatus of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is shown gas fired apparatus 10 such as a heating furnace having a combustion chamber 11 within which is disposed a main gas burner 12 and a pilot burner 13. A heat exchanger 14 is disposed in heat-transfer relationship with the combustion chamber 11 and, in the case of a hot air furnace, has a fan (not shown) for circulating air therethrough. Ambient air is supplied to the burners 12 and 13 through an opening 15 into the combustion chamber 11 and the combustion products or flue gas produced by the burners pass upwardly through the heat exchanger 14 to an exhaust vent 16 connecting the combustion chamber 11 to a flue, stack or chimney 17 and thence to the atmosphere. A blower 18 driven by an electric motor 19 is operatively connected to the exhaust vent for drawing ambient air through the opening 15 into the combustion chamber 11 and for expulsion of air and combustion products to the atmosphere through the flue 17.
Gas supply control apparatus 20 such as a combination gas manifold control includes valve means to be subsequently described for controlling flow of gas from a supply conduit 21 to the main burner 12 through a main conduit 22 and to the pilot burner 13 through a pilot conduit 23. The pilot burner 13 is disposed in igniting proximity to the main burner 12 and ignition means such as spark ignition electrodes 24 are disposed adjacent the pilot burner 13 for igniting gas flowing therefrom. A flame sensor 25 is also disposed adjacent the pilot burner 13 to sense the presence or absence of flame at the pilot burner. Energization of the blower motor 19, the control apparatus 20, and the ignition electrodes 24 is controlled by an ignition and control circuit which is indicated by the block 26 in FIG. 1 and which includes various components to be subsequently described. The ignition and control circuit 26 is connected to a source of electric power (not shown) by conductors 27 and 28. Fixed to the exhaust vent 16 within an opening formed therein is a fluid conduit 29 for transmission of fluid existing in the exhaust vent to one section of the control apparatus 20.
As schematically illustrated in FIG. 2, the control apparatus 20 includes a housing 30 having an inlet 31, a main burner outlet 32 and a pilot burner outlet 33, all of which are internally threaded for connection respectively to the conduits 21, 22 and 23. A main gas passageway connecting the inlet 31 with the main outlet 32 includes an inlet chamber 34, a redundant valve chamber 35, a main valve chamber 36, and an outlet chamber 37. A biased closed, manually operated shutoff valve member 38 in the chamber 34 cooperates with a valve seat 39 formed at the outlet of chamber 34 to control all gas flow through the control apparatus 20. The valve member 38 has a spring-biased stem 40 operatively connected by a lever 41 with an operating knob 42 for movement of the valve member 38 between open and closed positions. Further details of such a shutoff valve are described in the Turner et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,354,633 issued Oct. 19, 1982.
An electrically operated redundant valve 43 in chamber 35 includes a pivotally mounted lever 44 carrying a valve member 45 biased by a spring 46 against a valve seat 47 which is formed at the outlet of the chamber 35. The valve member 45 is moved to an open position by the attraction of the lever 44 to an electromagnet 48 when the latter receives electric power through conductor leads 49 and 50 (FIG. 1). Downstream of the redundant valve 43, a pilot flow passage 51 extends from the chamber 36 to the pilot outlet 33 and includes an enlarged pilot flow filter chamber 52. A screw type restrictor valve 53 is disposed in the pilot flow passage 51 for adjustably setting the rate of pilot gas flow.
A diaphragm operated main valve 54 includes a valve seat 55 formed at the outlet of the main chamber 36 and a valve member 56 carried by a back-up plate 57 which is attached to the underside of a flexible diaphragm 58. The main valve member 56 is biased in a closed position on the valve seat 55 by a compression spring 59. The periphery of the diaphragm 58 is sealingly attached to the housing 30 to define an operating pressure chamber 60 below the diaphragm 58. The main valve member 56 is movable by the diaphragm 58 between on-off positions and regulating positions in response to variations in the differential gas pressure existing between the chambers 36 and 60.
Gas bleed path means to supply a gas operating pressure for the chamber 60 include a bleed flow port 61 in a wall of the chamber 36 which defines an inlet to a filter cavity 62 in the housing 30. A bleed flow passage 63 having two branch bleed lines communications with the outlet of the filter cavity 62 through a flow restrictor 64. The first branch bleed line includes a passage 65 terminating in a valve seat 66 that communicates with the operating pressure chamber 60. A check valve flapper disc 67 closes against the valve seat 66 and has a flow restricting orifice 68 therein. The second branch bleed line includes two serially connected bleed passages 69 and 70 communicating with a bleed flow chamber 71 in the housing 30. An electrically operated bleed control valve 72 in the chamber 71 includes a pivotally mounted lever 73 carrying a valve member 74 biased by a spring 75 against a valve seat 76 which is formed at the outlet of the chamber 71. The valve member 74 is moved to an open position by attraction of the lever 73 to an electromagnet 77 when the latter receives electric power through conductor leads 49 and 78 (FIG. 1).
A bleed passage 79 connected to the valve seat 76 terminates in the valve seat 80 of a conventional servo pressure regulator valve 81 which further includes a valve member 82 carried by a spring-biased flexible diaphragm 83. The valve seat 80 leads to a pressure regulating chamber 84 which in turn communicates with a bleed passage 85 leading to the main outlet chamber 37. A vent passage 86 vents the space above the diaphragm 83 to atmosphere whereby the pressure regulator valve 81 senses outlet pressure from the main valve 54.
As thus far described, the control apparatus 20 is generally similar to known forms of combination gas manifold controls and the function of its various components will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. It is to be noted that these various components can be of any desired structures. Furthermore, a check valve member such as the flapper disc 67 is not necessarily required in order to practice the present invention.
In the improved control apparatus 20 of the present invention, a pneumatically operated valve assembly 87 is connected in the gas bleed path means for controlling the supply of gas operating pressure to the operating pressure chamber 60. Although the pneumatically operated valve assembly 87 need not be an integral part of the control apparatus 20, it is preferably provided with a casing 88 which is secured in suitably sealed relation to the housing 30. The casing 88 is internally bored for extension of the bleed passages 69 and 70 of the gas bleed path means to a bleed valve 89 comprising a valve seat 90 formed in the base 91 of the casing. A bleed valve member 92 is movable relative to the valve seat 90 by a valve operating pin 93 which extends through a bleed valve cover 94. A compression spring 95 bears against a spring retainer 96 fastened to the valve member 92 to urge the valve member to an open position away from the valve seat 90. The valve member 92 has a peripheral flange portion 97 that is sealingly secured to the base 91 by any suitable means.
A pneumatic actuator for operating the bleed valve 83 includes a flexible diaphragm 98 sealingly secured at its periphery to the casing 88 and cooperating with the upper hollow portion of the casing to define an expansible chamber 99 closed at its upper end by the housing wall 100 of the operating pressure chamber 60. A back-up plate 101 is secured to the upper side of the diaphragm 98 and a coil spring 102 is mounted in compression between the wall 100 and the back-up plate 101 to bias the diaphragm 98 in a direction away from the wall 100. A second back-up plate 103 is secured to the lower side of the diaphragm 98 and is centrally embossed to provide a generally hemispherical driver or thrust member 104. In communication with the expansible chamber 99 is the bore 105 of a fluid pressure inlet fitting 106 that is fixed and sealed to the casing 88. The fitting 106 is adapted for connection to the fluid conduit 29 (FIG. 1) that leads to the exhaust vent 16 of the gas fired apparatus 10 for subjecting the expansible chamber 99 to the fluid pressure existing in the exhaust vent. The lower hollow portion of the casing below the diaphragm 98 is subject to atmospheric pressure.
Disposed within the hollow lower portion of the casing 88 are bleed valve operating means including a lever assembly 107 which operatively connects the expansible chamber 99 to the bleed valve 89 for moving the latter between open and closed positions. The lever assembly 107 includes a fulcrum bracket 108 having a base section 109 secured to the base 91 and an upstanding leg section 110 terminating in an outwardly turned flange section 111 which has notches 112 in opposite lateral edges thereof. One end 113 of a rigid diaphragm lever 114 is pivotally mounted upon the flange section 111 by means of upwardly bent tabs 115 having shoulder portions 116 bearing against the underside of the flange section 111 and finger portions 117 extending upwardly through the notches 112. The driver 104 carried by the diaphragm 98 is urged by the spring 102 into engagement with an intermediate portion 118 of the diaphragm lever 114 spaced from the pivotally mounted end 113 so as to bias the diaphragm lever 114 in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 2.
A rigid valve lever 119 generally coextensive with the diaphragm lever 114 has a first notched end 120 in pivotal engagement with the leg section 110 of the bracket 108. Adjacent the first end 120, abutment tongues 121 lanced from the opposite sides of the valve lever 119 project therefrom at an angle of 45° toward the diaphragm lever 114. An upper edge 122 at the free end of each tongue 121 is received in a corresponding upwardly indented valley portion 123 of the diaphragm lever 114 to provide a distinct line of mating contact therebetween. The valve lever 119 has a cup-shaped embossed portion 124 which is centered with respect to the upper edges 122 of the tongues 121. A helically coiled spring 125 is held in compression between the bottom surface of the cup-shaped portion 124 and a frustro-conically shaped retainer 126 which is adjustably secured to the base 91 by an adjusting screw 127. Rotation of the adjusting screw 127 serves to adjust the compressive force of the spring 125 by varying the position of the retainer 126. The spring 125 which has a line of action substantially aligned with the upper edges 122 of the tongues 121 biases the tongues into mating engagement with the valley portions 123 of the diaphragm lever 114 and thereby acts on the diaphragm lever 114 to urge the same into pivotal engagement with the flange section 111 of the bracket 108. Both the valve 119 and the diaphragm lever 114 are biased by the spring 125 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 2.
The second end 128 of the valve lever 119 bears against the operating pin 93 of te bleed valve 89. Pivotal movement of the valve lever 119 in a clockwise direction to depress the operating pin 93 seats the valve member 92 against the valve seat 90 to close the bleed valve 89. The end 128 of the valve lever 119 is provided with a lateral extension 129 which is bifurcated to straddle a stop screw 130 threaded in the bleed valve cover 94 with its head engagable by the top of the extension 129. The head of the screw 130 thus serves as a stop to limit pivotal movement of the valve lever 119 in a counterclockwise direction.
To provide an operating differential which enables the bleed valve 89 to close in response to one pressure level in the chamber 99 and to open in response to a different pressure level in the chamber 99, the valve lever 119 carries a disc-like armature 131 adjacent its end 128 in opposed relation to a permanent magnet 132 which is supported on the base 91 adjacent the bleed valve 89. A ball portion 133 formed on one side of the armature 131 is seated in a corresponding spherical socket 134 formed in the valve lever 119. A stem 135 extending from the ball portion 133 through an opening 136 at the center of the socket 134 has a spring retainer 137 secured to its outer end. A compression spring 138 extends between the retainer 137 and the valve lever 119 to keep the ball portion 133 seated in the socket 134 but permits a universal movement of the ball portion 133 for alignment of the armature 131 with the permanent magnet 132. An eyelet 139 secures the permanent magnet 132 to the intermediate portion 140 of a leaf spring 141 which has opposite ends bearing against spaced bosses 142 projecting from the base 91. The neck 143 of a magnetic gap adjustment screw 144 threaded in the base 91 extends through the leaf spring 141 and the eyelet 139 and has a head 145 at its free end engaging the eyelet 131 to hold the leaf spring 141 against the bosses 142 in a flexed or bowed condition. Rotation of the adjustment screw 144 varies the position of the permanent magnet 132 relative to the base 91 and thus serves to adjust the spacing between the permanent magnet 132 and the armature 131.
An opening 146 is provided in the diaphragm lever 114 for permitting the armature stem 135 and the spring retainer 137 to pass through the lever 114 when the latter moves toward the valve lever 119. Although the free end 147 of the diaphragm lever 114 will not ordinarily move into engagement with the valve lever 119, the latter may be provided with a raised boss 148 to limit physical contact between the two levers upon over-travel of the diaphragm lever 114.
As shown in FIG. 2, the components of the pneumatically operated valve assembly 87 are in the respective operating positions they have when the expansible chamber 99 is subject to a subatmospheric fluid pressure which is produced in the exhaust vent 16 with normal operation of the blower 18. Since the lower side of the diaphragm 98 is subject to atmospheric pressure, the force of the pressure differential acting upon the diaphragm 98 exceeds the force of the spring 102 to urge the diaphragm 98 upwardly to the retracted position shown in FIG. 2. The valve lever 119 is pivoted counterclockwise against the stop screw 130 by the spring 125 which acting through the tongues 121 causes the diaphragm lever 114 to be pivoted counterclockwise against the driver 104. Since the operating pin 93 of the bleed valve 89 is outwardly extended, the valve member 92 is in an open position permitting bleed gas flow through the valve seat 90.
When operation of the blower 18 is terminated, the fluid pressure within the exhaust vent 16 and the expansible chamber 99 begins to rise to atmospheric pressure. As the blower speed drops, the fluid pressure within the expansible chamber 99 rises to a somewhat higher subatmospheric pressure level to decrease the force of the differential pressure acting on the diaphragm 98 with an increasing resultant downward force exerted upon the driver 104 by the spring 102. The driver 104 is thus extended downwardly to pivot the diaphragm lever 114 clockwise about the flange section 111 of the bracket 108. With such pivotal movement, the diaphragm lever 114 exerts a force upon the edges 122 of the valve lever 119 which acts to cause a downward sliding motion of the notched edge 120 along the leg section 110 of the bracket 108. As this sliding motion is opposed by the force of the spring 125, the force exerted upon the edges 122 by the diaphragm lever 114 also causes the valve lever 119 to pivot clockwise about the leg section 110. When the clockwise pivotal movement of the valve lever 119 carries the armature into the field of the magnet 132, the magnetic attractive force between the magnet 132 and the armature 131 rapidly increases with approach of the armature to the magnet until a point is reached where the armature 131 snaps into attracted relation with the magnet 132. The resulting snap action movement of the valve lever 119 at this point simultaneously acts through the valve operating pin 93 to effect a snap action closing of the bleed valve 89.
If operation of the blower 18 is again initiated, the resulting decrease in the fluid pressure level within the expansible chamber 99 causes an upward retraction of the diaphragm 98 against the force of the spring 102. The force of the spring 125 acting through the tongues 121 of the valve lever 119 upon the diaphragm lever 114 pivots the latter counterclockwise about the flange section 111 of the bracket 108 to maintain the diaphragm lever 114 in following engagement with the driver 104. As the notched end 120 of the valve lever 119 rides upwardly along the leg section 111 under the biasing force of the spring 125 during this pivotal movement of the diaphragm lever 114, the freedom of movement between the valve lever 119 and the armature 131 afforded by the ball portion 133 permits the armature 131 to remain in attracted relation to the permanent magnet 132. When the fluid pressure within the expansible chamber 99 drops further to predetermined subatmospheric pressure level at which the net moment of spring forces acting on the valve lever 119 reaches a value which exeeds the attractive force between the armature 131 and the magnet 132, the armature is released by the magnet and the valve lever 119 pivots counterclockwise with a snap action. The simultaneous release of the valve operating pin 93 from its depressed postion effects a snap action opening of the bleed valve 89.
By rotating the adjusting screw 127 to vary the compression of the spring 125, the fluid pressure level within the expansible chamber 99 at which the bleed valve 89 operates may be adjusted. To adjust the differential pressure of the bleed valve means 87, that is, to adjust the difference between the fluid pressure levels at which the expansible chamber 99 effects opening and closing of the bleed valve 89, the magnetic gap adjustment screw 144 is rotated to change the magnetic gap between the armature 131 and the magnet 132 in the attracted position thereof. The casing 88 may include bushings 149 surrounding the outwardly projecting ends of the screws 127 and 124 which may be filled with a sealing substance after calibration of the bleed valve means to prevent tampering.
FIGS. 4 and 5 schematically illustrate respective electrical circuits for gas burner ignition and control systems which include the various components of the ignition and control circuit 26 in addition to certain other previously mentioned elements of the gas fired apparatus 10. The system of the circuit shown in FIG. 4 utilizes the control apparatus 20 in the form illustrated in FIG. 2 while the preferred system of the circuit shown in FIG. 5 utilizes a control apparatus 20 in which the electrically operated control valve 72 is omitted.
In the circuit of FIG. 4, the primary winding of a transformer 150 is connected to a suitable source of alternating current power by the conductors 27 and 28. The blower motor 19 and the normally open contacts 151 of a relay 152 are connected in series across the conductors 27 and 28. A conventional thermostat 153, the normally closed contacts 154 of a conventional time delay switch 155, and the actuator coil 156 of the relay 152 are connected in series across the secondary of the transformer 150. The electromagnet 48 of the redundant valve 43 is connected in parallel with the actuator coil 156. A pilot flame switch 157 has a contact arm 158 movable between two contacts 159 and 160 to selectively connect the delay operating coil 161 of the time delay switch 155 or the electromagnet 77 of the electrically operated control valve 72 in parallel with the actuator coil 156. The contact arm 158 is operable by the flame sensor 25 to move from the contact 159 to the contact 160 when flame is present at the pilot burner 13 and to return to the contact 159 in the absence of flame at the pilot burner 13. Electrically energizable pilot burner ignition means 162 of the spark generating type are connected in parallel with the delay operating coil 161 and have output terminals 163 connected to the spark ignition electrodes 24.
The operation of the gas fired apparatus 10 with the ignition and control system disclosed in FIG. 4 will now be described. When the thermostat 153 is open, no electric power is supplied to the electromagnets 48 and 77 and the respective redundant valve 43 and control valve 72 are closed. As the blower motor 19 is also deenergized, the expansible chamber 99 is at atmospheric pressure with the diaphragm 98 extended to maintain the bleed valve 89 closed. The shutoff valve member 38 will ordinarily be in the normally open position shown in FIG. 2. With the redundant valve 43 closed, the valve chamber 36 and the operating pressure chamber 60 are vented to the atmosphere through the pilot outlet 33 and the outlet chamber 77 is vented to the atmosphere through the main outlet 32. Thus, there is no pressure difference between the opposite sides of the diaphragm 58 and the spring 59 is effective to bias the main valve member 56 in a closed position on the valve seat 55.
When the thermostat 153 closes upon a need for operation of the gas fired apparatus 10, the electromagnet 48 is energized, causing the redundant valve 43 to open, thereby permitting gas flow into the main valve chamber 36 and thence to the pilot burner 13. At the same time, the check valve disc 67 opens to admit gas into the operating pressure chamber 60 until the gas pressures in chambers 36 and 60 substantially equalize to maintain the main valve member 56 in a closed position by the spring 59. Simultaneously, the ignition means 162 are energized to provide sparks at the electrodes 24 for igniting gas flowing from the pilot burner. In addition, the relay actuator coil 156 is energized to close the contacts 151, thereby energizing the blower motor 19. Upon the blower 18 attaining its normal speed, the fluid pressure in the expansible chamber 99 drops to a subatmospheric pressure level causing extension of the diaphragm 98 to open the bleed valve 89.
In normal operation, the gas issuing from the pilot burner 13 will be ignited by the sparks at the electrodes 24 and the flame switch 157 will be operated by the flame sensor 25 to move the contact arm 158 from the contact 159 into engagement with the contact 160. The electromagnet 77 of the control valve 72 will then be energized and both the ignition means 162 and the delay operating coil 161 will be deenergized. If the pilot burner 13 failed to ignite and the delay operating coil 161 remains energized, then the time delay switch 155 will open its contacts 154 after a predetermined time interval to remove power from the electromagnet 48, thereby shutting off the supply of gas to the pilot burner 13.
After opening of the control valve 72 in response to energization of the electromagnet 77 and opening of the bleed valve 87 in response to operation of the blower 18 are effected, gas is immediately bled off from passage 65 to the main outlet 32 through passages 69, 70, 85 and valves 89, 72, 81 at a rate greater than that at which gas is supplied through the restrictor 64 in passage 63. The orifice 68 in the check valve disc 67 restricts the bleed flow of gas from the operating pressure chamber 60 to the passage 65 and accordingly the pressure in the chamber 60 will be gradually reduced. As the pressure differential between the main valve chamber 36 and the chamber 60 increases, there is a gradual opening movement of the main valve 54. Gas will now flow to the main burner 12 to be ignited by the flame at the pilot burner 13. After continued opening movement of the main valve, the gas pressure in the operating pressure chamber 60 and consequently, the degree of opening of the main valve 54 will be regulated by the servo pressure regulator valve 81 to maintain a predetermined outlet pressure at the main outlet 32.
The main burner 12 and the pilot burner 13 will continue to burn until the thermostat 153 opens, whereupon the valves 43 and 72 instantly close and the bleed valve 89 closes thereafter when the fluid pressure in the exhaust vent 16 drops below a predetermined subatmospheric pressure level as the blower 18 slows to a stop. The existing gas pressure in the operating pressure chamber 60 exhausts to the main outlet 32 permitting closure of the main valve 54 under the bias of the spring 59. When the pilot burner flame is extinguished, the contact arm 158 of the flame switch 157 is returned to engagement with the contact 159.
It will be seen from the foregoing that the opening of the main valve 54 is dependent not only upon the existence of a flame at the pilot burner 13 but also upon the existence of a predetermined subatmospheric pressure level in the exhaust vent 16 effective to cause opening of the bleed valve 89 by the expansible chamber 99. Thus operation of the main burner is initiated only when the subatmospheric pressure within the vent 16 decreases below a level which ensures that an adequate volume of air will be supplied to the burner. If the subatmospheric pressure within the exhaust vent 16 has, for example, a negative gauge pressure value of about 0.35 inch water when the volume of air supplied by the blower 18 is that required for 100 percent combustion at the main burner 12, the bleed valve means 87 may be calibrated to open the bleed valve 89 at a first negative gauge pressure value of 0.6 water and to reclose the bleed valve 89 upon a change in fluid pressure to a second negative gauge pressure value of 0.4 inch water. Accordingly, it will be seen that if during normal burner operation the pressure level within the vent 16 rises above the second negative gauge pressure value, the bleed valve 89 will be closed to effect closing of the main valve 54.
In the modified circuit of FIG. 5, circuit elements identical to those of FIG. 4 ar designated by the same reference numerals. In the burner ignition and control system of this embodiment, the control valve 72 in omitted from the control apparatus 20 and the actuator coil 156 of the relay 152 is connected between the contacts 154 of the time delay switch 155 and the contact 160 of the pilot flame switch 157. In many respects, the operation of the gas fired apparatus 10 with the ignition and control system disclosed in FIG. 5 is similar to that described in connection with FIG. 4. When the thermostat 153 closes, the electromagnet 48 is energized to open the redundant valve 43 and the pilot burner ignition means become operative. Gas issuing from the pilot burner 13 is ignited by sparks at the electrodes 24. When the presence of flame at the pilot burner is sensed by the flame sensor 25 to cause movement of the contact arm 158 to move from contact 159 to contact 160, the actuator coil 156 of the relay 152 is energized to close the contacts 151, thereby energizing the blower motor 19. Upon the blower 18 attaining its normal speed, the fluid pressure in the expansible chamber 99 drops to a subatmospheric pressure level causing extension of the diaphragm 98 to open the bleed valve 89. The opening of the bleed valve 89 changes the bleed operating pressure supplied to the operating pressure chamber 60 to effect opening of the main valve 54. Gas will now flow to the main burner 12 to be ignited by the flame at the pilot burner 13. The operating pressure in the chamber 60 is then regulated by the servo pressure regulator valve 81 to effect a regulating movement of the main valve 54. Upon opening of the thermostat 153, the redundant valve 43 instantly closes and the bleed valve 89 closes thereafter when the fluid pressure in the exhaust vent 16 drops below a predetermined subatmospheric pressure level as the blower 18 slows to a stop. Thus, the ignition and control system illustrated in FIG. 5 provides the same operating functions as those of the system illustrated in FIG. 4 with the advantage of not requiring the electrically operated control valve 72.
While there has been described above the principles of this invention in connection with specific gas burner control apparatus and systems, it is to be understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of the invention.
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|US8310801||Sep 23, 2009||Nov 13, 2012||Honeywell International, Inc.||Flame sensing voltage dependent on application|
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|US8668490 *||Feb 11, 2004||Mar 11, 2014||Mertik Maxitrol Gmbh & Co. Kg||Method and arrangement for igniting a gas flow|
|US8764435||Feb 1, 2012||Jul 1, 2014||Honeywell International Inc.||Burner firing rate determination for modulating furnace|
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|US8876524||Mar 2, 2012||Nov 4, 2014||Honeywell International Inc.||Furnace with modulating firing rate adaptation|
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|US9494320||Jan 11, 2013||Nov 15, 2016||Honeywell International Inc.||Method and system for starting an intermittent flame-powered pilot combustion system|
|US20050092851 *||Oct 31, 2003||May 5, 2005||Troost Henry E.||Blocked flue detection methods and systems|
|US20050284452 *||Aug 4, 2005||Dec 29, 2005||Martin Paul L||Low pressure secondary regulator for gaseous fuels|
|US20060068349 *||Feb 11, 2004||Mar 30, 2006||Barbara Happe||Method and arrangement for igniting a gas flow|
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|US20060257801 *||May 12, 2005||Nov 16, 2006||Honeywell International Inc.||Leakage detection and compensation system|
|US20060257802 *||May 12, 2005||Nov 16, 2006||Honeywell International Inc.||Flame sensing system|
|US20060257804 *||May 12, 2005||Nov 16, 2006||Honeywell International Inc.||Dynamic dc biasing and leakage compensation|
|US20060257805 *||May 12, 2005||Nov 16, 2006||Honeywell International Inc.||Adaptive spark ignition and flame sensing signal generation system|
|US20070188971 *||Feb 15, 2006||Aug 16, 2007||Honeywell International Inc.||Circuit diagnostics from flame sensing ac component|
|US20070207422 *||Feb 20, 2006||Sep 6, 2007||Honeywell International Inc.||A low contamination rate flame detection arrangement|
|US20080044778 *||Jul 19, 2006||Feb 21, 2008||Rinnai Corporation||Forced flue type combustion device|
|US20080124667 *||Oct 18, 2006||May 29, 2008||Honeywell International Inc.||Gas pressure control for warm air furnaces|
|US20080182214 *||Apr 20, 2007||Jul 31, 2008||Wayne/Scott Fetzer Company||Modulated power burner system and method|
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|US20090098492 *||Oct 24, 2008||Apr 16, 2009||Applied Materials, Inc.||Methods and apparatus for starting and operating a thermal abatement system|
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|US20100112500 *||Nov 3, 2008||May 6, 2010||Maiello Dennis R||Apparatus and method for a modulating burner controller|
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|US20100265075 *||Jul 6, 2010||Oct 21, 2010||Honeywell International Inc.||Leakage detection and compensation system|
|U.S. Classification||431/20, 251/61.1, 126/116.00A, 431/78, 236/15.00C, 431/58|
|Cooperative Classification||F23N2033/02, F23N2027/22, F23N2029/00, F23N2027/36, F23N2035/20, F23N5/105|
|Jan 19, 1983||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ESSEX GROUP, INC.; 1601 WALL ST., FORT WAYNE, IN.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WALLACE, ELMER E.;TURNER, JESSE H.;REEL/FRAME:004086/0861
Effective date: 19830114
|Mar 1, 1985||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ESSEX GROUP, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004371/0645
Effective date: 19840815
|Apr 18, 1988||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 10, 1992||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 25, 1996||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Nov 17, 1996||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Jan 28, 1997||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19961120


|Delivery time:||All Ammo and Firearm sales are FINAL Sale. Federal Regulations state that firearms and ammo be shipped to the address on file with the Canadian Firearms Center. No Other Shipping address can be used. Ammo and/or firearms are considered oversize/overweight|
CCI Clean is 22LR lead round-nosed ammunition dipped in poly. Super clean!
The future of rimfire is here. CCI ® Clean-22 ® uses an exclusive polymer bullet coating to greatly reduce copper and lead fouling in the barrel ‚ without leaving a residue. It also cuts lead buildup in suppressors 60 to 80 percent. Both the Sub-Sonic and High Velocity loads feature a 40-grain round nose lead bullet with geometry that's been optimized for accuracy. With dependable CCI priming and consistent propellant, Clean-22 provides flawless cycling through semi-automatics and all 22 LR firearms.
Features and Benefits:


text:
Three Salt Lake pitchers combined on a seven hitter, as the Bees rolled to a 6-2 win over the Colorado Springs Sky Sox on Monday night. Starter Jarrett Grube gave up two runs in the first, but then shut down the Sky Sox over the next five innings. Grube (1-2) went a total of six innings and allowed two runs on five hits with five strikeouts and one walk. Rob Delaney worked a three up, three down seventh and Ryan Brasier closed out the game with two scoreless innings.
The Bees trailed 2-0 in the third, but tied the game, as John Hester doubled, moved to third on a single by Andrew Romine and both scored on a RBI single by Tommy Field with the second run scoring on an error by right fielder Greg Golson. Field would later score the go-ahead run on a groundout by Luis Jimenez. Roberto Lopez belted a two-run homer off of the batter’s eye in center to make it 5-2 in the fourth and Field drove in the final run with a triple in the seventh. Field led Salt Lake with two hits and two runs batted in, while John Hester added two hits as the Bees win the team's fifth consecutive game.
“Our pitching has been very good, and we’re playing catch and scoring enough to take care of those pitching performances," said interim Bees manager Bill Richardson. "Like I said, I timed it right.”

domain: sports


Internal rubber seal for Suzuki GT750 ND gauges
Warning: Last items in stock!
|6||US$ 5.61||Up to US$ 3.74|
This internal rubber seal replaces the ripped, dried or disappeared rubber internal seal.
This internal rubber seal fits to:
Suzuki GT750, Honda CB750, Laverda and Ducati ND gauges
If you don't have the tools and/or experience to do it yourself, please consider our professional Restoration services (click here for more info)


text:
- Release Date 2017-04-03
- Label Play And Tonic
- Catalog PANDT024
Please, welcome our new member in the team - the Ukrainian producer Kostya Rhino. A powerful combination of catchy vocal and warm piano is gonna make you dance all night long. "Inside Your Mind" is coming also with another great remix, made by Daniel Dash (Beerplease), who is well known in our past releases. Spring is here, hit the "Play" and get ready for the summer!
https://facebook.com/playandtonic Distributed By Symphonic Distribution - www.symphonicdistribution.com

domain: entertainment


Are you searching for a job in Assam? Apply online for the Gauhati High Court Vacancy and many other current jobs in Assam
Last Date of Application for Gauhati High Court vacancies is 03-07-2017
Online Application Details for Gauhati High Court Recruitment of 10 Law Clerk is given below.
Gauhati High Court Recruitment 2017, Gauhati High Court Vacancy 2017 Details:
Post Name: Law Clerk
No of Post: 10 Posts
Job Location: Assam
Age Limit for Gauhati High Court Recruitment 2017 in Assam
- Candidate’s age should be 18 to 38 years for Gauhati High Court Recruitment in Assam for getting a job in Gauhati High Court
Eligibility Criteria for Gauhati High Court Recruitment 2017
- Candidate’s minimum education qualification for the Vacancies in Gauhati High Court should be Graduate degree in Law / LLB
Selection Procedure for Gauhati High Court Recruitment in Assam
- Selection for the post of Law Clerk for job openings in Gauhati High Court is based on Written Examination & Personal Interview
Application Fee for Recruitment at Gauhati High Court:
- Application fees for the recruitment of Law Clerk for vacancies in Gauhati High Court is nil
Starting Date of Application Submission : 19/06/2017
Last Date of Online Application Submission : 03-07-2017
Latest sarkari naukri for Law Clerk Recruitment 2015, Recruitment 2015. Apply for Sarkari Naukri in , Details of Government Job in Gauhati High Court Assam is given below. Government Job Search
How to Apply:
- Candidates required to logon to apply online link given below
- Fill up complete application form.
- Submit the application form with photograph and signature.
- Take a printout of application and keep it in a safe place.


Watch Tiesto, Hardwell And More Answer Questions On Golf Cart Confessions
Insomniac is back with another episode of “Golf Cart Confessions”, featuring Tiesto, Kidnap Kid, Z Trip, and more. For those who are unfamiliar with this series, you are in for a treat – the interviewer will chauffeur world renowned DJs and ask them candid questions that often leads to hilarious responses.
When asked about the most awkward fan encounter experience, Tiesto expressed that he met a fan with Tiesto’s face and name tattooed his back – “It’s a very big compliment but it’s also kind of weird.“
Hardwell, on the other hand, told the story of a fan losing consciousness:
“We had a meet and greet, and actually people pass out because they see you. What should I do? It should be something really cool, have a chat with the fans, but then they pass out. I have no clue what to do at that point.“
Watch the video below:


'A life-changing thing': One-of-a-kind medical trial for incurable kidney disease underway in Regina
REGINA -- A one of a kind medical trial taking place at the Regina General Hospital is giving people living with Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome (LPHS), an incurable disease that causes pain around the kidneys, the ability to live a normal life.
Dr. Bhanu Prasad, along with his team including Dr. Kunal Goyal, Dr. Francisco Garcia and Dr. Maryam Jafari, are conducting the renal denervation trial using a minimally invasive procedure. They have used the technique for several years, but the trial involves technology that has never been used for pain reduction in LPHS patients before.
LPHS pain comes from the kidneys but at this point, medical professionals do not know what causes the pain.
Dr. Prasad said about 0.013 per cent of people are believed to have LPHS.
Tiffany Zelionka was the first participant in the trial and received the procedure in early December. She first started experiencing pain in August 2018.
“Basically I thought I had a kidney infection,” Zelionka said.
After taking antibiotics for that and seeing no results, Zelionka went to the hospital several times where they completed numerous tests including CT scans and ultrasounds.
“Nothing was showing up. Everything was coming back normal and then I would feel good for a while and I’d get a month or a couple of months where I’d feel decent, and then all of a sudden I was back to having pain in my back again,” she said. “It kind of felt like somebody took a baseball bat to my back and was just standing there beating on my kidney.”
In June 2019, she went to see Dr. Prasad and he diagnosed her with LPHS.
At that point, Dr. Prasad still needed Health Canada approval for the trial he was hoping to start using new technology to reduce the pain for patients with LPHS.
“The device that we were planning to use had not yet been approved by Health Canada and it is still not approved by Health Canada. It hadn’t even been approved by the FDA in the United States at that time, so we waited until there was an FDA approval,” he said.
After some back and forth between Health Canada and an ethics board, the approval finally came to start the trial.
In December 2020, Zelionka was the first person to undergo the procedure as part of the medical trial.
The procedure involves a radiologist inserting a catheter to access the kidneys, where radio frequency energy is released to kill nerves around the kidney that transmit pain to the brain. While the source of the pain is still there, the patient can no longer process the pain.
Patients are in hospital for a total of about four hours for the procedure.
“From the minute I woke up after the procedure I had no more pain left,” Zelionka said.
She said the pain has stayed away ever since.
“It was kind of getting exhausting to be constantly in pain. In two and a half years, I had somewhere around 25 admissions to the hospital and that didn’t count ER visits,” Zelionka said. “To just get back to normal life has been really nice, it’s been a relief.”
Dr. Prasad said it is possible for the nerve pathways to regrow and some pain could return. At this point, they’re unsure how long that takes.
“There is some degree of pain coming back, but no where close to what they had before the procedures were done,” Dr. Prasad said.
Zelionka is one of 13 patients taking part in the trial, which is a “randomized control trial.” That means half the patients in the trial will get a placebo procedure while the other half will get the real procedure.
The first three receive the real procedure, while the final 10 will be randomly split between the placebo and the procedure.
The first three patients have now received the procedure and are all reporting success.
“The first three patients are what we call the ‘roll ins’ to test the technology,” Dr. Prasad said. “Then five will get in and five won’t. It’s computer generated so we won’t know.”
Dr. Prasad said those who receive the placebo will be tracked for six months to see how they react to a placebo. They will automatically receive the real procedure.
He said the trial will likely last around 14 months and then they will see results. Depending on how this study goes and funding, he’s hopeful a larger study will be done in several centres around the world.
Regina is currently the only centre where this procedure is being done to cure pain in LPHS patients.
SPREADING THE WORD
Dr. Prasad said funding is still needed to complete the study. While grants and philanthropy funding has been received, they still don’t have enough.
He said the Hospitals of Regina Foundation is accepting donations specially for the renal denervation research.
“By doing so, we can do bigger and better studies when it comes to denervation,” Dr. Prasad said. “Any degree of funding helps because there is no Big Pharma involved.”
Zelionka said she wanted to share her story to get the message out that there that there are options for people who are experiencing what she used to.
“It’s been a life changing thing for me and I know it can be for other people,” she said.


text:
He polled 124 votes, while his closest rival Jimi Agbaje of the Peoples Democratic Party got 26 votes at the unit at his Lateef Jakande/Femi Okunnu Ward in Ikoyi.
The Action Democratic Congress (ADC) got two votes and the Young Progressive Party (YPP) got one vote.
The APC also won the House of Assembly polls for the Eti-Osa Constituency II.
Incumbent Gbolahan Yishawu, who has represented the constituency since 2011, defeated the PDP by 140 votes to 30.
Only 157 voters were accredited for the exercise out of 1100 registered voters, while four votes were voided.
In the presidential election two weeks ago, the PDP snatched Sanwo-Olu’s polling unit, winning 52 votes to APC’s 48.
However, PDP candidate, Jimi Agbaje also lost his polling unit by 84 votes to 80.
Sanwo-Olu expressed confidence about winning the 2019 governorship elections.
“I am glad that I have voted and I’m confident that I will emerge victorious at the end of the whole exercise, because we communicated and engaged everyone during our campaigns.
“I have done a lot of work than my opponents in terms of reaching out to the people of the state and spreading my manifestoes; so that gives me an edge.
“Also, exactly six months ago, Sept. 9, 2018, I collected my nomination form from the party and such coincidence means that I will be the next governor of Lagos State.
“Earlier, there were reported slight issues with the card readers. But I am happy that they have been resolved and generally, the elections have been peaceful and I’m confident of winning,” he said.
In Epe, Dr Obafemi Hamzat, the Deputy Governorship candidate of the All Progressives Congress won his polling unit with a landslide.
His party scored 198 votes to defeat the PDP which scored 33 votes.
In the House of Assembly election, the APC also recorded 195 votes, while PDP scored 32 votes.
Miss Florence Zik, the Presiding Officer (OP), announced the result at the polling unit on Saturday, in Epe.
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domain: news


text:
100 Years at the Movies
Watch movie: 100 Years at the Movies Released in (1994) produced by United States of America, The movie categorized in Documentary, Short, with duration 9 min Streamed at Putlocker & directed by Chuck Workman. Commemorates the centennial of American movies with a montage of clips and music scores from the most important movies of the century.
Director: Chuck Workman
Country: United States of America
Produced By: Turner Classic Movies
Rating: 7.4 out of 10
Also known as:Keywords:

domain: artistic


text:
There’s nothing more satisfying to me than making a recipe that not only tastes good but is also good for you.
Goat cheese. A history.
Sort of. Let me just start out by saying goat cheese is very underrated and at the same time has become very trendy.
Here in America cow’s milk cheese is king. That and the mystery cheese that is “American cheese”. Hello velveeta! But that only makes sense, I mean, we don’t raise too many goats here in America. The main animal products are cows.
Because cow’s milk cheese is so popular nowadays, I feel like goat cheese has become more of an “upscale” ingredient. It’s old news, but people are beginning to revel in the tanginess of goat cheese. It’s cycling back into popularity.

domain: food


Tee Double, Strange Fruit Project, and Rehash
Reviewed by Robert Gabriel, Fri., April 9, 2004
"I rep my city like an elected official," pronounces Tee Double, re-emerging from Austin's hip-hop underground with his most accomplished work yet. His 10th album over the course of a decade, The Lone Star L.P. (Mumbo Jumbo) steers clear of stereotypical expectations with the declaration, "This isn't that same old Southern image. I got my own sound, no need for us to mimic." Emphasis on sped-up vocal hooks and whispered punch lines point to Tee Double shadowing the style of Chicago's Kanye West, but it would be difficult to fault the local MC and producer of such engaging efforts as "Official" and "Changes" for simply being so damned dope. Plus, the disc's lead single, "Feel the Vibe," along with its Robbie Hardkiss remix, sounds more like a successful Young MC resurrection than anything even remotely Roc-A-Fella-related. The Strange Fruit Project out of Waco has also been catching its fair share of criticism from those who think that their marvelous sophomore effort, Soul Travelin' (Black Son), relies too heavily on the Pete Rock-Jay Dee-9th Wonder lineage of beat production. All comparisons aside, Strange Fruit's Symbolyc One not only crafts soulful instrumentals that texturally "re-create the definition of beautiful," but he also serves as the group's primary voice of authority. Along with fellow MCs Myth and MyOne, and a guest appearance by Austin's Bavu Blakes, Strange Fruit is not lying one bit when they say that their music is "gonna make you feel real good inside." Continuing the trend up the highway in Dallas, High C and Wilson of Rehash utilize a digger's mentality in the sublime breakbeat science of The Rehash Extended Player (Rehash). As the dissonant tones of their Roy Ayers tribute, "Live by the Brook Baby," segues into the cinematic David Axelrod-isms of "Gratuitous Theft in the Rain," jazz-induced hip-hop is given yet another shot in the arm from the Texas massive.


text:
Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center found in a recent study that only three different genetic alterations drive the early development of malignant glioblastomas. At least one of these three cancer drivers was present in all tumors investigated. However, it is the activation of telomerase that leads to rapid growth. The tumors develop for up to seven years before they become noticeable as symptoms and are diagnosed. However, in contrast to their early development, glioblastomas, which return after therapy, share virtually no concurrent genetic alterations.
Glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults. Since they invade diffusely into healthy brain tissue, surgeons rarely succeed in completely removing the tumor. Therefore, glioblastomas often recur very quickly despite the radiation and chemotherapy following surgery and are then considered incurable according to current knowledge.
“There was a theory that certain mutations might enable glioblastoma cells to survive standard radiochemotherapy and then grow into resistant subclones of the tumor. Our question was: Does the therapy exert a selection pressure on the tumor cells?” said Peter Lichter from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) explaining his current research project. For the development of new drugs that are also effective against relapsed tumors, it is crucial to identify genetic traits that enable cancer cells to evade therapy.
In order to answer this question, Lichter and systems biologist Thomas Hoefer from the DKFZ investigated glioblastoma tissue samples from a total of 50 patients in which they were able to directly compare material from the primary tumor and recurrence. Based on a careful analysis of the tumor genome, the researchers were able to develop a mathematical model of tumor development. They used mutation rates and estimates of tumor cell count. “We simulated the evolutionary pathways of glioblastoma cells and the influence of their gene mutations during tumor growth on the computer,” said Hoefer describing the procedure.
The surprising results: At the time of diagnosis, a glioblastoma had already developed over a very long period of time, the researchers calculated up to seven years. “This is hardly conceivable in view of the extremely rapid growth of glioblastomas,” said Verena Koerber, the first author of the current publication. “However, we can explain this by the fact that many cancer cells die at the beginning, only at a certain moment does the rapid growth in size start.
The researchers have also discovered this decisive moment: During their early development, all glioblastomas studied showed at least one of three characteristic genetic alterations (gain of chromosome 7, loss of chromosome 9p and 10). These chromosome losses or gains are associated with known, specific “driver mutations” that promote the development of cancer.
However the glioblastomas only start with their rapid growth and increase in size when an additional mutation permanently activates one of the promoters for the telomerase. The enzyme telomerase ensures that the cancer cells can now divide infinitely and do not reach their natural “limit” and die after a certain number of cell divisions. In healthy cells, the telomerase gene is therefore usually not active. During their exponential growth, numerous other mutations accumulate in the cancer cells.
Source: Read Full Article


This year's unexpected food cost increases will likely to force chain restaurants to raise menu prices even as competition gets tighter. A new report from supply chain co-op SpenDifference shows that sharp increases in commodities have raised concerns that consumer food-inflation could reach 3 percent by the end of this year. For example, prices for beef and cheese are at an all-time high, while the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus that broke out in Iowa last year has spread to 23 states, significantly impacting pork costs.
According to a news release, the latest SpenDifference chain menu price tracking survey found that more than half of chains held the line on price increases during the first quarter. However, 93 percent of chains planned to raise prices during the second half of this year.
"Recent events affecting commodities may provide operators the impetus to follow through on their planned increases," CEO Maryanne Rose said in the release. "Unforeseen factors, whether it's government policy, geopolitical events, disease or natural disaster, often arise and drive prices higher. No matter the cause, volatility is real and managing the risks before the unknown happens is key."
The purchasing cost update revealed these findings:
"Operators are changing their menu mix and moving from pork and beef offerings to poultry," DeWayne Dove, SpenDifference's vice president of purchasing, said in the release. "Greater demand may drive up poultry prices, but the increases should be temporary."
With such volatility expected throughout the remainder of the year and beyond, Rose suggested the following to lessen the impact:


Rahman Amouzad wins first wrestling world title
Rahman Amouzad of Iran defeated his American rival John Diakomihalis 13-8 in the 65kg final of the 2022 World Wrestling Championships in Belgrade, Serbia on Sunday.
According to Tasnim news agency, an early flurry of ground attacks from both men and a subsequent successful USA challenge resulted in a scoreline of 8-6 for their man.
But, roared on by a sizeable contingent of Iran teammates and fans, Asian champion Amouzad retook the lead with five unanswered points before closing out to win his first world title.
The opening bronze medal match in this category saw European champion Hungary Iszmail Muszukajev defeated three-time world champion and Tokyo 2020 silver medalist Haji Aliyev 4-2.
The second bronze was won by Bajrang Punia of India who defeated Sebastian Rivera of Puerto Rico 10-9.


The Central Bureau of Investigation, which is probing the Sohrabuddin Sheikh-Kausar Bi murder case, has charged the former Gujarat Minister of State for Home, Amit Shah — who is being held in the Sabarmati Central Jail as a prime accused — with breaking jail manuals and holding political meetings from behind bars.
Mr. Shah's frequent trips to the government civil hospital from the jail had raised suspicions about his possible political dealings from behind bars. It was alleged that during his visits to the hospital for “treatment,” Mr. Shah attempted to influence the selection of Bharatiya Janata Party candidates for elections to the Ahmedabad municipal corporation to accommodate some of his supporters.
Mr. Shah, who represented the Sarkhej constituency in Ahmedabad in the State Assembly, was admitted at least four times since his arrest on July 25 for treatment of chest congestion, boils, blood pressure and other complications.
However, the CBI's supplementary charge sheet filed in the special CBI court on Friday made no mention of his visits to hospital, and charged Mr. Shah with violating jail manuals and with meeting political friends and relatives while sitting in the jail superintendent's office.
The supplementary charge sheet particularly mentioned an incident on October 6 when CBI sleuths, headed by Deputy Police Superintendent D.S. Dagar, visited the jail and found Mr. Shah “chit-chatting” with some of his politician friends in the presence of his son in the jail superintendent's office.
The CBI on October 13 wrote a letter to the State Additional DGP (Prisons) requesting him to ensure that the jail manuals were not allowed to be violated by Mr. Shah in future.
Mr. Dagar's complaint against Mr. Shah's conversations in the jail superintendent's office and the CBI's letter of complaint to the ADGP (Prisons) have formed part of the supplementary charge sheet. They reassert that Mr. Shah and another prime accused — former Ahmedabad Joint Commissioner of Police Abhay Chudasma — were misusing their powers to influence key witnesses in the case and tamper with evidence.
The retraction of earlier statements made by key witnesses like Sohrabuddin's younger brother Nayeemuddin, and Noor Mohammad Ghoghari and Azam Khan, both one-time close associates of Sohrabuddin, have been listed by the CBI as examples of the Shah-Chudasma duo's efforts to influence the witnesses.
In all three cases, the witnesses gave statements before the CBI revealing Mr.Shah's and Mr. Chudasma's links with Sohrabuddin, but later retracted their statements claiming that they were taken by the CBI under duress.
Incidentally, Mr. Shah had filed a petition in the special CBI court on October 18 accusing the CBI of spreading canards against him and implicating him in false cases like the violation of jail manuals.
Claiming that he never violated the jail manuals ever since he was arrested, Mr. Shah alleged that the CBI was deliberately feeding the media false news only to influence the outcome of his application for bail, which is pending before the Gujarat High Court.
The hearing on his complaint against the CBI was also pending in the special CBI court.
The CBI has named two police inspectors of the Ahmedabad crime branch who allegedly “abducted” witness Azam Khan just before he filed an affidavit in the special CBI court on September 23 retracting his earlier statements, in which he had linked the Sohrabuddin encounter with the murder of another former Minister of State for Home, Haren Pandya.
The CBI supplementary charge sheet pointed out that Khan — who had traveled by bus from Udaipur to Ahmedabad in connection with the court hearing in the Popular Builder firing case, in which he was an accused — was abducted at the Ahmedabad bus terminus and was “confined” to a hotel for a couple of days.
The supplementary charge sheet appended the statements of the hotel staff as well as the notary and the advocate who helped Khan file the affidavit to retract his earlier statement. The two police inspectors named for the alleged abduction of Khan are known to be close to Mr. Chudasma.


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Chevrolet Corvette Stingray token from Monopoly Empire board gameEnlarge Photo
The Chevrolet Corvette Stingray
is a lot of things to many people, including being a Monopoly token it seems. That’s right, the new Corvette Stingray has been immortalized as a Monopoly token, but not for the version of the game you most likely remember from your childhood but the latest Monopoly Empire.World Car Fans
managed to dig up this photo of the Corvette Stingray token, which was posted up on the Corvette Facebook page. The sports car token joins other consumable icons immortalized as game tokens including a Coca Cola bottle and a McDonald's French fries serving.
Becoming a Monopoly token is just another peg in a growing list of accolades for the new Corvette Stingray, and we bet there will be plenty more to come. Having driven the car
, it’s easy to see why._______________________________________Follow Motor Authority on Facebook, Twitter, and Google+.


text:
News in a Glimpse:
- FTX’s collapse led to Binance’s industry recovery fund plan, which was designed to assist struggling companies, receiving new disclosures.
- For the aforementioned recovery fund plan, Binance has stated that they will make a $1 billion initial commitment, with the possibility of increasing that amount to $2 billion.
- The recovery fund venture is open to accepting tokens, cash, and debt and is “flexible on the investment structure.”
- A number of well-known cryptocurrency companies have started to support Binance’s recovery effort, including Aptos Labs and Jump Crypto, who have each pledged $50 million.
- 150 projects and businesses have already requested support or assistance from the aforementioned recovery fund.
The Recovery Fund Plan
The top cryptocurrency exchange, Binance, has already made new disclosures about its industry recovery fund plan, which was created to support struggling businesses in the wake of the FTX collapse.
According to a recent report, Binance has announced that they will make a billion dollars in initial commitments for the aforementioned recovery fund plan. The company went on to say that the initial budget is expected to increase by $2 billion should the need arise. A number of crypto-native investment companies, including Jump Crypto, Polygon Ventures, and Animoca Brands, have also pledged $50 million to the top cryptocurrency exchange platform.
In light of the aforementioned recovery plan, Changpeng Zhao, CEO of Binance, shared the company’s public wallet address to demonstrate its initial commitment. He also claimed that they are carrying out the aforementioned plan transparently. According to the aforementioned public blockchain data, Binance’s own BUSD stablecoin has a balance of about $1 billion.
According to the Paxos website, their blockchain infrastructure issued the aforementioned BUSD stablecoin. The New York State Department of Financial Services then oversaw its regulation. In which Binance have made it clear that this project is not intended to be an investment fund but is instead targeted at businesses and projects that, “through no fault of their own, are facing significant, short-term financial difficulties.”
The CEO continued by saying that he is taking this action to stop the “cascading contagion effects” of the FTX collapse. The aforementioned recovery fund program is currently accepting additional contributions from investors for a period of six months as planned.
According to reports, the aforementioned recovery fund venture is “flexible on the investment structure” and is willing to accept tokens, money, and debt. The business added that they anticipate customized solutions for various circumstances. Around 150 struggling businesses have already requested help from the fund, according to Binance.
As was already mentioned, Binances launched this project in an effort to keep the cryptocurrency market afloat in the wake of FTX’s bankruptcy. In this regard, Zhao emerged as a fresh savior-like figure in the struggling sector. He is now stepping into the shoes of Bankman-Fried, a former “crypto genius” who is credited with saving several struggling crypto companies, including BlockFi and Voyager Digital, before they collapsed.
It was widely known that CoinDesk’s report, which sparked rumors about the exchange’s accounting problem, was the cause of FTX’s decline. According to reports, the tweet from the CEO of Binance made the situation worse.
The impact of the collapse was felt throughout the cryptocurrency industry, and some investors have been worried about a potential crypto contagion that could affect the entire sector. A lawyer testified during the first hearing of FTX’s bankruptcy regarding the company and its former CEO, Bankman-Fried, claiming that it had been run by a “personal fiefdom.”
The Participants of the Recovery Plan
As was already mentioned, a number of well-known cryptocurrency firms have begun to join Binance’s recovery initiative, including Aptos Labs and Jump Crypto, who have pledged a combined $50 million.
Along with the trading company Jump Crypto, Aptos Labs, the organization credited with creating the recently launched Aptos blockchain, has recently joined the list of investors for the aforementioned venture, which also includes the venture capital firms Polygon Ventures and Animoca Brands, as well as GSR, Kronos, and Brooker Group.
The aforementioned fund would be used to purchase distressed crypto assets following the industry’s nearly one-year-long downturn. Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, Three Arrows Capital, Compute North, and most recently FTX are just a few of the companies that have already collapsed as a result of the rough patch, which has also caused withdrawal freezes, price drops, and company closures.
Binance to Bid for Voyager
In addition to the aforementioned recovery fund project, Binance was preparing to bid on Voyages, a platform for crypto lenders that FX was unable to purchase because it had already declared bankruptcy. Where the CEO stated that they would submit a second bid for the aforementioned cryptocurrency lending platform since FTX would no longer be able to fulfill their commitment.
It may be recalled that FTX was first in line to purchase the aforementioned lender back when Voyager filed for bankruptcy. At that time, Binance’s was allegedly delayed because the U.S. government feared for its national security.
The CEO is now asserting that FTX fabricated the aforementioned claims in order to advance the bid. The CEO made it clear there was no such problem. Because Zhao was born in China, Binance has been accused of being a Chinese company. Although the CEO has made it clear that he was born in Canada and is a citizen of that country.


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Mar 11, 2021
The person of hubris and greed is incapable of having an authentic loving relationship with another individual.
High level narcissists are obsessive climbers, forging upward socially and economically, willing to betray, lie in any fashion to keep others from reaching the summits of their delusional manic ambitions.
Being a high climber reinforces their feelings of superiority and excessive self-entitlement. They have risen above all the rest - superior beings! Hubris runs rampant within them.
To fill the unbearable emptiness of their true self, high level narcissists wander through their days in delusion and denial using defense mechanisms that protect them from the true reality of ever knowing themselves or forming an authentic deep loveing relationship.

domain: psychology


text:
(CNN) — Chris Copeland of the Indiana Pacers was stabbed outside a trendy New York nightclub early Wednesday, and two Atlanta Hawks — who had just finished a home game hours before the incident — were among those arrested, according to police and CNN affiliates.
The incident occurred just before 4 a.m. at 1 OAK, a club in New York’s Chelsea neighborhood known to draw celebrities among its clientele, New York Police Department Detective Kelly Ort told CNN.
Following a dispute, a male and two females were stabbed and taken to area hospitals, Ort said. A knife was recovered, a suspect was arrested and two individuals not involved in the dispute — the Hawks’ Pero Antic and Thabo Sefolosha — were arrested on charges of obstructing governmental administration and disorderly conduct, she said.
Sefolosha faces an additional charge of resisting arrest, Ort said. Charges against the suspect in the stabbing are pending, and his name will be released once charges are filed, she said.
Police released little information Wednesday morning, but local media identified the injured man as Copeland, 31, who hails from Orange, New Jersey.
The Pacers released a statement saying Copeland suffered a knife wound to his left elbow and abdomen, and he’s in stable condition at a New York hospital.
“We are aware that Chris Copeland was injured early this morning in New York City. We are still gathering information and will update when we know more. Our thoughts are with Chris and those injured,” Larry Bird, the Pacers’ president of basketball operations, said in a statement.
Copeland’s agent, John Spencer, issued a statement on his client and one of the women involved in the attack, saying, “We’re concerned about the safety of Chris and Katrine (Saltara). We don’t have any details at this particular time. All we can do is pray and wait.”
The Hawks front office said it, too, was looking into the incident.
“We are aware of the situation involving Pero Antic and Thabo Sefolosha this morning. We are in the process of gathering more information and will have further comment at the appropriate time,” spokesman Garin Narain said in an email.
Copeland’s Pacers are slated to play the New York Knicks on Wednesday night, while Antic and Sefolosha are in New York to play the Brooklyn Nets.
The pair apparently had only recently arrived in New York prior to their arrests, as both were on the court for the Hawks’ 96-69 win over the Phoenix Suns in Atlanta on Tuesday night. Antic played 12 minutes, and Sefolosha played 20. The game ended around 10 p.m.
Copeland, a former Knick, was outside the nightclub with Saltara when a 22-year-old Brooklyn man approached them, police told CNN affiliate WABC.
There was some sort of dispute before the suspect stabbed the 6-foot-8-inch Copeland in the abdomen, slashed Saltara and then slashed another woman, the station reported.
Saltara suffered cuts to her arm, breast and buttock, and the other woman, a 53-year-old, suffered a slash to her stomach, CNN affiliate WCBS reported.
The incident occurred as the nightclub was closing, WCBS said.
Antic and Sefolosha interfered with officers trying to establish a crime scene, and one of the Hawks pushed a police officer, WABC reported.
The Hawks are preparing for a historic playoff run after clinching the No. 1 seed in the NBA’s Eastern Conference. Tuesday’s win over the Suns marked a franchise-best 58 wins in a season for the club. The Pacers sit in the conference’s 10th spot but are only one game out of playoff contention.

domain: law