US 4717949 A
A flat screen autostereoscopic display for bright wide angle stereoscopic images employs a flat screen on which are displayed a plurality of thin, vertical light emitting lines. A light valve located in front of the screen forms images by varying the transparency of individual pixels arranged in a raster pattern across its surface. The screen and light valve are arranged in such a way that an observer sees the light emitting lines through one set of pixels with the left eye and the same lines through a different set of pixels with the right eye.
1. In an autostereoscopic display unit the improvement which comprises
(a) a flat surface screen displaying a multiplicity of thin parallel vertical light emitting lines across its surface, said screen remaining dark between said emitting lines, and
(b) a light valve parallel to and in front of said screen, said light valve having individual picture elements arranged in a grid pattern across its surface, there being at least one pair of vertical columns of individual picture elements for each light emitting line, said light emitting line being located behind and between said pair.
2. The display unit of claim 1 wherein there is one pair of vertical columns of individual picture elements for each light emitting line.
3. The display unit of claim 1 wherein there are at least two pairs of vertical columns of picture elements for each light emitting line, each of said pairs being disposed on both sides of said line.
4. The display unit of claim 1 wherein the display is in color and each horizontal row of the grid pattern of individual picture elements is replaced by three rows of individual picture elements, each one of the three rows of elements being tinted for a different one of the three primary colors.
5. The display unit of claim 1 having at least one pair of vertical columns of individual picture elements for each light emitting line wherein the space between two successive light emitting lines is determined according to the formula ##EQU2## wherein m is the distance from the screen to the light valve, n is the width of a single vertical individual picture element, s is the distance between two successive light emitting lines and d is an integer between 30 and 90.
6. The display of claim 1 used in a television receiving system as the visual display.
7. The display of claim 1 used in a computer system as the graphics display.
8. A method of displaying autostereoscopic images which comprises sending from a transmitter a series of modulated electromagnetic signals that are received by a light valve in a display unit wherein the light valve is in front of and parallel to a flat surface screen,
said flat screen displaying a multiplicity of thin parallel vertical light emitting lines across its surface, said screen remaining dark between said emitting lines, and
said light valve having individual picture elements arranged in a grid pattern across its surface, there being at least one pair of vertical columns of individual picture elements for each light emitting line, said light emitting line being located behind and between said pair.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the images are displayed in color by separating the electromagnetic signals into separate signals for each of the three light primary colors and each horizontal row of the grid pattern of individual picture elements is replaced by three rows of individual picture elements, each one of the three rows of elements being tinted for a different one of the three primary colors.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the electromagnetic signal is generated by a computer program.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the electromagnetic signal is generated by a television signal.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a flat screen autostereoscopic device for use in television, computer graphics, and the like viewing applications.
2. Prior Art
A simple, low cost autostereoscopic system capable of providing clear, bright, high resolution images has long been a goal of the television and computer graphics industry. Previous attempts to produce such a device have experienced the problems of high development costs, expensive equipment, e.g., vibrating components or lenses of various sorts, and bulky size. However, recent developments in the field of transparent flat screen image displays promise low cost, simple and compact autostereoscopic displays which use previously developed components.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,209,747 (Eisler) discloses placing an opaque screen with a plurality of transparent slits in front of a second screen which displays a stereoscopic pair of images made up of alternating strips. Each strip displays a thin vertical section of one of the images. The strips are arranged so that the first displays a section of the right eye image, the second a section of the left eye image, the third a section of the right eye image and so on. The screen with the transparent slits is placed at such a distance in front of the picture display that the observer sees only the right eye strips through the slits with his right eye and only the left eye strips through the slits with his left eye. This technique of displaying stereographic pictures is known as the Hess system. Devices using this technique are very cheap and easy to build. However, for good images the slits have to be very thin, relative to the opaque area between them, and thus a large fraction of the light coming from the display is blocked. This makes it difficult to obtain bright images.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,367,486 (Eichenlaub) discloses how three dimensional images can be viewed with appropriate perspective from many different angles. These images are created with a pinhole aperture of vertical slit that is scanned across a surface situated in front of a cathode ray tube (CRT) that displays images in rapid succession. The patent also discloses how the light blocking problems associated with small apertures could be eliminated by using a similar optical technique, but employing a moving light source in place of a pinhole and a surface that displays transparent images in place of the prior art CRT. This results in bright, clear three dimensional images.
There continues to be a need for a simple means of forming and viewing stereoscopic images.
Accordingly it is an object of this invention to provide a flat screen autostereoscopic display device.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a flat screen autostereoscopic display device which is low in cost and easy to manufacture.
Another object of this invention is to provide a flat screen autostereoscopic display device which is capable of providing large, bright, high resolution images and a wide field of view.
In accordance with this invention there is provided in an autostereoscopic display unit the improvement which comprises-
(a) a flat surface screen displaying a multiplicity of thin parallel vertical light emitting lines across its surface, said screen remaining dark between said emitting lines, and
(b) a light valve in front of and parallel to said screen, said light valve having individual picture elements arranged in a grid pattern across its surface, there being at least one pair of vertical columns of individual picture elements for each light emitting line, said light emitting line being located behind the boundary of said pair.
FIG. 1 is a perspective drawing of an autostereoscopic display unit of this invention.
FIG. 2 is an expanded view of a portion of the display unit of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates the geometry and optical characteristics of the invention when viewing the top of the display unit of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 shows in perspective the geometry and optical characteristics of the display unit of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a variation of the display unit of FIG. 2 wherein a greater number of individual picture element (pixel) columns are in the light valve display.
FIG. 6 shows in perspective the geometry and optical characteristics of the display unit of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is an expanded view of a portion of the display unit of FIG. 1 when configured for color displays.
FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing of a system for sending modulated electromagnetic signals to be displayed on the autostereoscopic display of FIG. 1.
FIG. 9 is a schematic of a television receiving system wherein the screen is the display unit of FIG. 1.
FIG. 10 is a schematic of a computer system wherein the video display is the autostereoscopic display unit of FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 illustrates the over all invention. A flat surface 31 contains a plurality (typically about 50 per inch or 20 per cm) of stationary thin vertical lines 35 which emit light. The actual number of lines in any one display can be varied from about 0.5 to about 200 lines per inch or about 0.2 to about 80 lines per cm to achieve a particularly desired result. As shown in FIG. 2 these lines 35 can be continuous or they can be made up of a plurality of shorter line sources arranged in rows. Light emitting lines 35 can be made from tungsten or other wire filaments, one for each line, which emit light due to thermal radiation when an electric current is passed through the line. The light emitting line 35 can also be made of a electroluminescent material which will emit light because of electron excitation and relaxation when an electric current is passed through the line.
In FIG. 1 the flat light valve 32 is positioned in front of and parallel to the screen 31. Typically the light valve 32 has about the same dimensions as the screen 31. Light valve 32 is capable of displaying transparent images by means of a plurality of individual picture elements, commonly referred to as pixels, as shown by rows 23 and columns 33, 34 in FIG. 2. The width of a pixel in a typical display (such as a pocket size receiver or a large wall mounted display) can be varied from about 0.1 to about 2.0 mm, with a typical width being 0.5 mm. The light valve 32 can be made from liquid crystal elements or mechanical elements. Examples of liquid crystal displays are the displays used in many miniature portable television sets. These types of displays are described in detail in an article by P. Andrew Penz, "Nonemissive Displays" in Flat Panel Displays, edited by Lawrence E. Tannas, Jr., (Von Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, N.Y.) which is incorporated herein by reference. Mechanical displays suitable for use in this invention are exemplified by the mechanical displays used in the larger computer controlled flat screen displays. The mechanical displays are described in some detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,248,501 (also known as the Micro-Curl patent) which is incorporated herein by reference. Other light valve 32 arrangements that may be utilized include those made up of a plurality of individual pockel cells or similar electro-optical devices. The electronic circuitry associated with the screens of this invention are similar to those used for flat screen television receivers or computer displays. The modulated electromagnetic signal which activates the light valve 32 is transmitted to light valve 32 from a transmitter, e.g., computer or television camera, not shown. When the image is to be displayed in color the electromagnetic signal is separated into signals for each of the three light primary colors (red, green and blue) prior to being sent by the transmitter.
When the invention is used as a computer generated graphics display light valve 32 would receive signals from the computer by means of a cable, in the same way an ordinary two dimension display that uses the same type of light valves. The computer's graphics software would be responsible for writing the appropriate image on to the proper lines or columns of vertical of pixels 33, 34 and lines or rows of horizontal pixels 23. This arrangement is schematically shown in FIG. 10 wherein the operating computer 42 with graphics memory 43 generates signals which pass through an interface 44 and into the autostereoscopic display unit 30 of FIG. 1.
When the invention is used as a display for a television system, input signals would come from two or more television cameras looking at a scene from different points equally spaced along a horizontal line as is commonly practiced in the art. Signals from each television camera would be used to modulate the appropriate set of pixel columns 33, 34. In FIG. 8 a system for sending modulated electromagnetic signals to be displayed on the autostereoscopic display 30 of FIG. 1 is shown. In FIG. 8 the video signals from the right camera 24 and the left camera 25, both of which are focused on the same object 26, are fed into a signal mixer 27 which sends the mixed signals to the transmitter 28 that sends the signals to the broadcast antenna 29 for transmission to the air. In FIG. 9 a system for receiving the modulated electomagnetic signals is shown. In FIG. 9 the electormagnetic signals are received by the antenna 40 and relayed to a receiver set 41 which supplies the separated signals to the autostereoscopic display 30 of FIG. 1.
In FIG. 2 the pixels as shown by rows 23 and columns 33, 34 in light valve 32 are all of the same size. Preferably the pixels as shown by rows 23 and columns 33, 34 are arranged in a grid raster pattern in such a way that there are twice as many pixel columns in the vertical direction as there are emitting lines 35 on screen 31. As will be explained below a larger number of pixels 33, 34 may be employed for each light emitting line 35. Alternating pixel columns 33, 34 in FIG. 3, respectively, display vertical sections of left eye and right eye images of a stereoscopic pair.
The balance of the autostereoscopic display unit is made in a manner typically associated with the manufacture of CRT viewing devices and includes among other things the housing, spacing/retaining frame for flat surface 31 and light valve 32, protective screen in front of light valve 32, electrical connections and the like.
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrate the geometry and optical characteristics of the invention with FIG. 3 being a top view and FIG. 4 a perspective view. The light valve 32 is positioned in such a way that emitting lines 35 in the screen 31 are situated directly behind the boundary between two adjacent pixels 33, 34 as seen from along some vertical line 36 (the center line between the observer's eyes) in front of the display unit. Under these conditions an observer's eye in the viewing zone 37 to the left of the vertical line 36 and within an imaginary plane 39, which is parallel to light valve 32 and contains the vertical line 36, will view all of the emitting lines through pixels 33. Pixels 33 are displaying a left eye image of the stereoscopic pair. This left eye will perceive the left eye image which is being illuminated by the emitting lines 35, but not the right eye image which from the perspective in zone 37 is not being illuminated. In the same manner an observer's eye in zone 38 to the right of line 36 will see all the emitting lines 35 through pixels 34 which are displaying the right eye image of the stereoscopic pair. This eye will perceive only the right eye image. Thus, the observer sitting in front of the display unit with his right eye in zone 38 and his left eye in zone 37 will perceive stereoscopic images.
It can be shown through geometry that the proper spacing between emitting lines 35 is given by the formula ##EQU1## wherein m=the distance from screen 31 to light valve 32
n=the width of a single pixel 33 or 34 on light valve 32
d=distance along the normal between light valve 32 and line 36 (see FIGS. 3, 4, 6)
While d in theory can be any value, in practice when using a pixel of 0.5 mm width d will be a value from 30 to 90. The average viewer will view the display unit at a distance of about 60 cm plus or minus up to about 30 cm from the outer surface of light valve 32. Thus, the typical value of d is between about 30 and about 90. It can be shown geometrically that there are a plurality of zones 10 across plane 39 in which only left eye images are seen, and zones 11 across plane 39 in which only right eye images are seen as shown in FIG. 4. Thus, it is possible for a plurality of observers to sit in front of the display unit with their eyes in appropriate zones and perceive stereoscopic images.
The number of rows of horizontal pixels 23 of the light valve 32 and the number of light emitting lines 35 in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 can be varied depending upon the degree of resolution desired.
Color images can be displayed if each line of pixels as shown by rows 23 and columns 33, 34 on light valve 32 of FIG. 2 is replaced by pixels with independently controllable transparency and having one of the three primary colors. Thus each pixel row 23 is replaced by three rows, namely 23a, 23b, and 23c, row 23a being tinted red, row 23b being tinted green and row 23c being tinted blue. Pixel columns 33, 34 will be a repeating sequence of red, green, blue, red, green, blue et., for the desired length of the column. An expanded view of the display unit when configured for the color displays discussed above is shown in FIG. 7. The display of FIG. 7 is like the display of FIG. 2 except that pixel row 23 has been substituted by pixel rows 23a, 23b and 23c. Full color can then be created in the same manner that such images are created with color dots on a conventional CRT display.
It is possible to use more than two columns of pixels in front of each emitting line 35 as shown in FIG. 5. Six columns of pixels 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 are shown in light valve 32 in front of each line 35 in screen 31 of FIG. 5. Other numbers of columns could be used depending on the size of the screen and desired resolution. The increase in column count would result in more than two zones being present in the vicinity of line 36 and are shown in FIG. 6 as zones 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22. Each set of pixel columns 11-16 would display a different perspective view of some scene, with each view being a perspective image of the scene as seen from the center of zones 17-22 respectively. Thus, from each zone an observer's eye would perceive a different perspective view of a scene. In such a case, the observer could view stereoscopic images from any position where his or her eyes are located in two different zones. The observer would thus have the freedom to move his or her head within zones 17-22 without ruining the stereoscopic effect.
The foregoing configurations and methods have been described in the foregoing specification for the purpose of illustration and not limitation. Many other modifications and ramifications will naturally suggest themselves to those skilled in the art based on this disclosure. These are intended to be comprehended as within the scope of this invention.


text:
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domain: artistic


Bent fork, broken heart
Yesterday I hit an SUV which pulled out in front of me from a business driveway near a busy intersection. I was hauling a small load of groceries...saw it coming, braked...but could not stop in time. I tried to to turn and take it sideways but ended up with my front wheel wedged between his tire and bumper. Might have been OK at that point but...he instinctively began to back up and mangled my front wheel before I could get him to stop.
So. Today I did damage assessment on my Dahon '08 Mu XL Sport. Front wheel, taco'd to un-salvageable. Front rack strut slightly bent. Generator hub hard to turn...probably toast.
Here's the bad part. Both front fork blades appear torqued symmetrically about an inch to the rider's left. Don't see any frame damage; headset looks OK and steering turns smoothly.
What to do? Can they be reliably straightened? Can they be replaced? I sent a message to my usual bike-drug pusher Thor.
Attachment 302669 Attachment 302671 Attachment 302672
Oh my. Oh my.
The poor thing. Me and my Mu are feeling your pain.
I send u an email .... need to get a fork, which shouldntbe a problem, have the wheel in stock
darn.. is the driver paying for it ? after all he was moving :-)
Lends new meaning to the term folding bikes. That wheel definitely looks folded.
That sucks! Be happy it is not a broken neck :thumb:.
Yes, some forks can be bent back to original place in all planes....Every safety conscious person, Bike mfg, Bike shop will tell you NO don't do it.. But if personal economics drive you, you can make your own judgement as to the soundness of your own repair.
I have fixed my own steel forks (Raleigh Twenty) with a little tweak (measure, measure, measure). It was my judgement that it took considerable force with levers to tweak back into place there fore I rode it with confidence.
HOWEVER....If I my bike cost what your bike did (nice bike) I would buy a new fork.
Thanks everyone for the support and advice.
I researched straightening forks last night, learned a few things. yes shops are reluctant to do it though some seem to specialize in that. More common in motorcycle shops, some of which have special tools for this job. This post from "miamijim' was particularly helpful:
"2. Legs. The legs can be bent to either the side or back or a combination of both. If your front wheel looks 'tilted' to either side when looking at it from the front chances are the legs are bent to the side. Simple fix...grab legs and pull. If your wheel looks 'twisted' or appears to out of alignment with the crown (crown and stem are aligned but wheel is off center) one of the legs is bent back. Easy fix....grab leg and pull."
Most discussions were about steel frames. Apparently aluminum is easier to bend but easier to weaken after bending, especially if there is a visible or palpable 'crease' in the metal. I learned that a bike can be suspended upside down by strings attached to the wheels, and if it hangs with the wheels in line the frame and forks are likely straight. I learned that a dowel inserted straight into the hole in the bottom of the fork crown will run straight down between the fork arms and serve as a rough gauge of true-ness. Several recommend using a length of steel pipe as a lever.
So. Today I took another good look at the thing. No creases. I sat down and put the wounded beast in my best submission hold, gripped one fork arm and put some pressure on it in the direction of true. Nothing. I increased the pressure, felt nothing. I thought about how a couple of years ago the city repaved the now six-lane street where my accident occurred, how they put in NO bike lane and how there was NO convenient parallel low traffic route and that there are tons of bikes on the sidewalk along that street. How they approved a mini-strip mall at the busy, dangerous intersection on that street where my accident occurred, how I have no choice but to ride on the sidewalk against traffic there, how difficult it is for drivers to get into and out of that place.
I got really angry. I pulled really hard. I felt the thing move! Eventually I got things somewhat straight. Here is the result:
Attachment 302843 Attachment 302844
I think there may be a bit of lean to the rider's left remaining; however I took her for a test ride and, other than some looseness in the handlepost, everything seems OK. I did the recommended "hands off" test (OK not completely hands off as I have never been able to do that safely with small wheels) and did not detect any pull. Rode to the LBS where the mechanic who would not touch it was somewhat impressed. I'll probably still get a new fork from Thor just to keep him in business. I'll revisit by fork tweak after a few more days of riding and perhaps adjust. How's it look in the photos?
Here's my total loss so far: One wheel destroyed, rim gone, spokes and dyno hub maybe salvageable with a rebuild. Fork damaged. Front light/reflector gone. Plastic horizontal water bottle cage broken. Handlepost loosened.
The driver was apologetic and gave me a lift home (ain't folders great?). He left me with his card, and offered to pay for repairs. Technically the accident was his fault, he should have yielded to traffic on the sidewalk he was crossing. In Florida it is legal to bike in either direction on the sidewalk.
However I place the blame for this accident squarely on the traffic planners who were apparently oblivious to bike traffic when they expanded this street. I avoid riding on the sidewalk, especially against traffic. But there was no feasible safe way to avoid it on this trip. The driver was occupied with oncoming traffic and not looking to his right where I came from. I am normally very, very conscious of this driveway as I know drivers are distracted there. However on this occasion I suppose I was distracted by dodging the dude blocking the sidewalk by waving one of those huge signs advertising one of the businesses in the strip mall. As soon as I ducked past this guy, the SUV appeared in front of me and I could not brake in time.
I am undecided how much of the repair I will ask the driver to pay. He does not seem like a rich guy.
Thanks again to everyone for the help.
Every time I see this photo I envision the wheel with clock hands mounted at the hub and draped over the edge of a stone altar or withered tree branch à la Dali.
Originally Posted by Brimstone
If the forks were steel I would be somewhat cautious about cold setting them. However since they are aluminum I wouldn't trust them. Maybe I'm just 'Chicken Little' and over cautious but I've experienced the results of fatigued alu and don't trust a cold reset at all, even at the slow speeds that bicycles travel. My intention isn't to be the harbinger of some disastrous fate, because I really hope that the forks weren't tweaked enough to be weakened by a cold reset, but I hope this works out for you... although I personally wouldn't take the chance.
Hmm..that's an interesting result. I recently purchased an old Peugeot folder off the Ebay, and it arrived with the fork bent to the side. I didn't feel much like going to the hassle of arguing about it with the seller (a very nice person who I doubt had a clue about the problem), so figured I would get a frame guy to fix it. It hadn't occurred to me to try it myself. That old steel is thick, and the bike will never be used to bomb down a big hill, so I think I'll give it a shot.
I would also haul away to try and fix it. it is useful to measure things as good as you can. Bike frame alum is amazingly hard. Use a pipe over the fork tyne for more control. When all looks good, ping it and listen for off-sounding sounds.


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The hot and humid weather of summer is officially here. In fact, we’ve had a thunderstorm almost every day for the past two weeks. This means that the garden is filled with both weeds and with mosquitoes. Ugh! The mosquitoes are so bad. Anyway, let’s make a flower arrangement!
The last of the larkspur is finishing up in the yard. These are really the last usable stems, as the rain has totally battered the plants. The wind (and a rogue pumpkin vine) has almost completely flattened the entire cutting patch. Oh, well.
The hydrangea bush in the yard is also blooming. It had a grand total of three flowers this year – which I cut for this arrangement. I think it would be beautiful to have a home with hydrangeas all over the place. Maybe that will happen one of these days…or maybe it won’t. Who knows?
Luckily, I had some of these really nice lavender/bluish and white scabiosa pincushion flowers that have just started to bloom. I think their airy habit ended up looking really nice in tandem with the more structured hydrangea blooms.

domain: hobby


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Awarded to Lindi Reynolds Architectural Interior Design by build 2020 Real Estate and property Awards
Winning the Best Luxury Interior 2020 from the Build Real Estate and Property Awards was a wonderful accolade for our company to receive. 2020 was a very busy year for us with little time to reflect on the import of this award, and 2021 is no different, but I wanted to take some time to reflect on what this has and does mean for us. Primarily it is a wonderful recognition that we are doing what we set out to do; to be recognised as the Best Luxury Interior Design Agency in the South East England. We will continue to build on this in 2021 and beyond, seeking wider recognition as we do within the industry itself and the wider public. Awards like this matter because they give the team behind the award the recognition they deserve for their brilliant efforts and dedication. This award extends too to all our marvellous suppliers that help to deliver the perfect finish on all the projects we work on and in our efforts towards the attainment of Luxury Interior Design.
the KEY ingredients of luxury interior design?
In this article I will set out the key ingredients of what goes into luxury interior design
1. GREAT DESIGN IS ESSENTIAL
This is how everything fits together. It’s how everything in the room relates to everything else and how the room relates to the rest of the house. There are many layers to this; floorpans, furniture layouts, bespoke cabinetry, electrics, lighting, window dressing, soft furnishings, art procurement and placing, and it goes on. This is the most important first step, and whatever style of interior it is that you are wanting to create, this is key. Your design is your roadmap to where you are headed and it will offer up the best clues of how to get there.
2. Specialist details
Great design is all about planning, but what really brings it to life are the specialist details within that planning. These are the details that make a piece of cabinetry unique, give it interest and set it apart. These details require effort, attention to detail and a high level of collaboration with our suppliers. A good example of this was the bar that we designed and produced at our award winning project Lakeside. Any bar is really a collection of cabinetry, sinks, fridges and storage, so how to set it apart from a kitchen? Well the answer lies in the use of specialist details.With this space we wrapped the bar in burnished bronze. For that to work effectively we had to draw up to the millimetre the shape and form of the sheet metal and then think about how it would be affixed to the cabinetry. The detailing of the fixings is important because this creates in the end the final aesthetic.
3. THE CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Your choice of materials and how they relate to one another is key for the creation of luxury. They need to create a story of great interest when they come together. They should make the eye dance and the heart glad. Together they must create chemistry. You do this by considering the balance of colour contrasts, texture and pattern and proportion and scale of all elements in a room. Think about the balance of hard and soft and the role of light on a scheme to make the most of the luxurious materials you have appointed.
4. Scale and proportion create grace
The sizing of elements within a scheme are critical. Make sure there’s space around bespoke cabinetry for instance – don’t bring it right up to the architrave. This will allow the scheme to breath, setting its inhabitants at ease. The same is true for furniture layouts – be careful not to oversize furniture in a room and think about how you will move around it and use the space. This is all common sense, but without some consideration to the scale of things it’s easy to get wrong.
5. Quality of the installation
In many ways quality of installation is the most important part of creating luxury interior design. Unless the fit is the best it can be all your efforts beforehand will be meaningless. We work with he best fitters in the trade and are always looking to broaden our network of highly talented fitters and artisans. This really matters to us and we go to great efforts to find and work with the most talented fitters across all interior touchpoint; kitchen and cabinetry fitting, tiling, flooring installations, staircase design, window dressing, bespoke furniture production and more.
6. ORCHESTRAL PLAY OF ALL ELEMENTS
And this is the holy grail. Achieved through the balance of everything and how it all comes together, but importantly this is the introduction of Fine Art pieces and Object d’Art. This is the layer of luxury that creates a scheme of outstanding beauty. This is what will help to create an interior that is memorable, has real character and creates a space of real interest. This is why we set up the Artists Appreciation Initiative, because an interior without fine art is like a person without a soul. Through our Artists Appreciation Initiative we showcase a selection of fine artists whose work we admire and would be pleased to see hanging in our projects – some of which take years to complete. Some times our clients come to us with an established art collection and so then we work the other way around, making sure that the schemes we create will set off the artworks to their greatest effect.
As you can see, winning this ward is much wider than what goes on in the studio back at 12 Seymour Road, East Molesey. It is the coming together of the collective efforts of our designers, architects, surveyors, suppliers, fitters and artists. A heart felt thank you to all that have made it possible and here’s to many more awards celebrating the creation of the worlds finest architectural interior design schemes.


SUMMER DANCE CAMP
THE BEST WEEK EVER
Boys & Girls Clubs of San Francisco (BGCSF) and San Francisco Ballet partner together for the sixth annual free, week-long dance program to promote creative expression and encourage education through the performing arts. All participants must be members of the BGCSF during the summer of 2020, and must be between the ages of 6–18.
Summer Dance Camp will be held at SF Ballet (455 Franklin Street at Fulton Street) on June 8-12, 2020, 11 am–4 pm. Summer Dance Camp will culminate in a showcase performance for friends and family on Friday, June 12, at 5 pm.
Summer Dance Camp participants learn a range of dance styles, including ballet, dance theatre, hip hop, Bhangra, Bollywood, Chinese folk dance, and West African dance and drumming. Participants are expected to attend all five days of Summer Dance Camp.
Lunch, snacks, before care, and aftercare are provided during Summer Dance Camp at Boys & Girls Club of San Francisco at the Don Fisher Clubhouse (380 Fulton Street) across the street from SF Ballet.
Registration for Summer Dance Camp will open in March 2020. The registration deadline is June 1, 2020. For more information, contact the Boys & Girls Don Fisher Clubhouse. You can also learn more about joining the Boys & Girls Clubs of SF.
2020 Summer Dance Camp Schedule
Schedule subject to change
10:45 am: All campers meet at Don Fisher Clubhouse. BGCSF staff walk with youth from Don Fisher Clubhouse to SF Ballet for Summer Dance Camp.*
11:00 am – 11:15 am: Warm Up Class
11:15 – 11:50 am: Class 1
11:50 – 11:55 am: Restroom and Snack Break
11:55 – 12:30 pm: Class 2
12:30 – 1:30 pm: Lunch at Don Fisher Clubhouse*
1:30 – 2:10 pm: Class 3
2:10 – 2:20 pm: Restroom Break
2:20 – 3:00 pm: Class 4
3:00 – 3:15 pm: Restroom and Snack Break
3:15 – 3:50 pm: Community Building Group Class
4:00 pm: Dismissal/Return to Boys & Girls Club
*BGCSF staff always walk with youth between Don Fisher Clubhouse and SF Ballet.
Culminating Showcase Presentation
Family and friends are invited to a free culminating showcase presentation at SF Ballet (455 Franklin Street) on Friday, June 12, 2020 at 5 pm. Participants perform dances that they learned during Summer Dance Camp.
Questions? Contact DanceCamp@sfballet.org
Who is this for?
Summer Dance Camp is open to youth ages 6–18. All participants must be members of Boys & Girls Clubs of San Francisco during the summer of 2020.
Registration for Summer Dance Camp will open in March 2020.
June 8–12, 2020, 11 am–4 pm
SF Ballet, 455 Franklin Street
Boys & Girls Club of San Francisco, Don Fisher Clubhouse, 380 Fulton St
Bank of America, Chevron, the Diana Dollar Knowles Foundation, the Flora Family Foundation, Kaiser Permanente, Koret Foundation, and Pacific Gas and Electric Company are Lead Sponsors of San Francisco Ballet’s Education Programs.
Additional support is provided by Gap Foundation, U.S. Bank Foundation, and the Zellerbach Family Foundation.
The Dance in Schools and Communities program is supported by The Charles Henry Leach, II Fund, an advised fund of the Silicon Valley Community Foundation.
The Student Matinee Series is supported by the Gaia Fund of the San Francisco Ballet Endowment Foundation.


Elishewitz Nightwing Designed by Allen Elishewitz (Serrated)
S30V blade steel. Reinforced tip with military grade ion bond. These were produced in Asheville NC in the early 2000's. Asheville Steel has bought the remaining stock and is offering them up to new knife makers to complete. Available in plain edge and serrated. 11 inches in length.


For someone who was clearly one of the standouts on the show (her epic Dream On fail notwithstanding), Jordis Unga‘s post-Rock Star: INXS career has been somewhat disappointing. I’m honestly surprised that Jordis hasn’t released an album, not even an independent one, since leaving the show. She did get signed to Sony’s Epic Records and had a debut album in the works, but apparently she was dropped before its release. She’s currently part of an all-girl band called AMD.
4. Suzie McNeil
Probably the best singer on the show pitch-wise, Suzie McNeil has since enjoyed a pretty decent career in her native Canada. She was even nominated for a Juno Award (the Canadian counterpart of the Grammys) in 2008 for New Artist of the Year for her debut album Broken & Beautiful. Suzie McNeil is now a redhead and has released two singles this year, Drama Queen and Merry Go Round.
3. MiG Ayesa
Shortly after the show, MiG Ayesa of the elfin ears made his major-label debut, MiG, under Universal’s Decca Records. Inevitably, though, he returned to his theater roots; he starred in the musicals We Will Rock You and Handel’s Messiah Rocks. He currently stars in the Broadway musical Rock of Ages and has a new album out called More Than Ever.
2. Marty Casey
Perhaps my favorite contestant on the show, Marty Casey and his longtime band Lovehammers opened for INXS during their 2006 Switched On tour after the show. That year, they also made their major-label debut under Sony’s Epic Records with Marty Casey & Lovehammers. Marty left the band in 2008-2009 (they were in a rut and Marty was even planning to work at a bank) for a short-lived stint as the lead singer of LA Guns, but he’s since been back in Chicago with the Lovehammers.
1. JD Fortune
Obviously we know what happened next: polarizing contestant and perfect reality TV fodder JD Fortune became the lead singer of INXS, sang on their album Switch, and fronted the band on their Switched On tour. It would’ve been great if JD’s story ended on this happy note, but in 2009, JD (being JD) caused a stir by alleging that INXS unceremoniously sacked him and he was back to living in his car. (He also admitted to developing a serious cocaine addiction.) Long story short: the band denied this, JD retracted his story, and all was well again, with JD back in INXS. However, the plot thickens (again): JD recently tweeted that he wasn’t invited by INXS to record their new music (he also doesn’t appear on the photo ad for said music).


care for the land
Climate-smart techniques make soils healthier, improve access to water and regreens the environment.
Climate change resilience
Poor farmers are hit hard by climate change. Long droughts and unpredictable extensive rainfall result in harvest loss, unsufficient food and low income. The farmers we work with strengthen their resilience by applying climate-smart techniques such as the collection and storage of rainwater, improving soil fertility and planting trees. By caring for the land, farming families are more resilient to extreme weather conditions and at the same time they regreen the environment.


text:
Reporting From Blue Playa Real Estate in Playa del Carmen, Sales Professionals that make buying a home an amazing experience.
On June 19, 1910, the governor of the U.S. state of Washington proclaimed the nation’s first “Father’s Day.” However, it was not until 1972, 58 years after President Woodrow Wilson made Mother’s Day official, that the day became a nationwide holiday in the United States.
Mother’s Day: Inspiration for Father’s Day
The “Mother’s Day” we celebrate today has its origins in the peace-and-reconciliation campaigns of the post-Civil War era. During the 1860s, at the urging of activist Ann Reeves Jarvis, one divided West Virginia town celebrated “Mother’s Work Days” that brought together the mothers of Confederate and Union soldiers. In 1870, the activist Julia Ward Howe issued a “Mother’s Day Proclamation” calling on a “general congress of women” to “promote the alliance of the different nationalities, the amicable settlement of international questions, [and] the great and general interests of peace.”
However, Mother’s Day did not become a commercial holiday until 1908, when–inspired by Jarvis’s daughter Anna, who wanted to honor her own mother by making Mother’s Day a national holiday–the John Wanamaker department store in Philadelphia sponsored a service dedicated to mothers in its auditorium. Thanks in large part to this association with retailers, who saw great potential for profit in the holiday, Mother’s Day caught on right away. In 1909, 45 states observed the day, and in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson approved a resolution that made the second Sunday in May a holiday in honor of “that tender, gentle army, the mothers of America.”
Origins of Father’s Day
The campaign to celebrate the nation’s fathers did not meet with the same enthusiasm–perhaps because, as one florist explained, “fathers haven’t the same sentimental appeal that mothers have.” On July 5, 1908, a West Virginia church sponsored the nation’s first event explicitly in honor of fathers, a Sunday sermon in memory of the 362 men who had died in the previous December’s explosions at the Fairmont Coal Company mines in Monongah, but it was a one-time commemoration and not an annual holiday. The next year, a Spokane, Washington woman named Sonora Smart Dodd, one of six children raised by a widower, tried to establish an official equivalent to Mother’s Day for male parents. She went to local churches, the YMCA, shopkeepers and government officials to drum up support for her idea, and she was successful: Washington State celebrated the nation’s first statewide Father’s Day on June 19, 1910. Slowly, the holiday spread. In 1916, President Wilson honored the day by using telegraph signals to unfurl a flag in Spokane when he pressed a button in Washington, D.C. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge urged state governments to observe Father’s Day. However, many men continued to disdain the day. As one historian writes, they “scoffed at the holiday’s sentimental attempts to domesticate manliness with flowers and gift-giving, or they derided the proliferation of such holidays as a commercial gimmick to sell more products–often paid for by the father himself.”
Father’s Day: Controversy and Commercialism
During the 1920s and 1930s, a movement arose to scrap Mother’s Day and Father’s Day altogether in favor of a single holiday, Parents’ Day. Every year on Mother’s Day, pro-Parents’ Day groups rallied in New York City’s Central Park–a public reminder, said Parents’ Day activist and radio performer Robert Spere, “that both parents should be loved and respected together.” Paradoxically, however, the Depression derailed this effort to combine and de-commercialize the holidays. Struggling retailers and advertisers redoubled their efforts to make Father’s Day a “second Christmas” for men, promoting goods such as neckties, hats, socks, pipes and tobacco, golf clubs and other sporting goods, and greeting cards. When World War II began, advertisers began to argue that celebrating Father’s Day was a way to honor American troops and support the war effort. By the end of the war, Father’s Day may not have been a federal holiday, but it was a national institution.
In 1972, in the middle of a hard-fought presidential re-election campaign, Richard Nixon signed a proclamation making Father’s Day a federal holiday at last. Today, economists estimate that Americans spend more than $1 billion each year on Father’s Day gifts.
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Historia del Día del Padre
Conmemorar el amor a los padres una vez al año se ha convertido en algo habitual en nuestro tiempo. A pesar que se celebra el día del Padre con un regalo, esta festividad no tiene un origen comercial para aumentar las ventas en estas fechas como muchos piensan.
El verdadero origen del ‘Día del Padre’ surge el 19 de junio de 1909 en Estados Unidos cuando una mujer llamada Sonora Smart Dodd quiso homenajear a su padre, Henry Jackson Smart. Este veterano de la guerra civil se convirtió en viudo cuando su esposa (la madre de Sonora Smart Dodd) murío en el parto de su sexto hijo. Fue en una granja rural en el estado de Washington donde Henry Jackson se hizo cargo de la educación de seis niños. Sonora Smart se dio cuenta de que su padre había sido todo un ejemplo a seguir y propuso la fecha del nacimiento de su padre, el 19 de junio, para celebrar el Día del Padre.
La idea de instituir un Día del Padre fue acogida con entusiasmo por muchas personas en diversos condados y ciudades, pero no fue hasta 1924 cuando el presidente Calvin Coolidge apoyó la idea de establecer un día nacional del padre. En 1966 el presidente Lyndon Johnson firmó una proclamación que declaraba el tercer domingo de junio como día del padre en Estados Unidos.
Esta festividad se celebra en la mayoría del continente americano el tercer domingo de junio. La fecha cambia en los países de orígen católico, como el caso de España, que se relaciona el Día del Padre con la Festividad de San José, padre de Jesús de Nazaret, que se celebra el 19 de marzo. En esa fecha, la familia se une para celebrar con regalos la labor de los padres y el amor que se les profesa.

domain: history


Rising Seas and Government Greed
Rising gas prices are an immediate problem — rising seas are not. Yet in his State of the Union address on Tuesday, President Biden had nothing new to say about bringing gas prices down. Releasing a few barrels from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve is not a solution; it's a Band-Aid that will last about two days. Yet all that Biden can do is repeat the outworn bromide that global warming is a catastrophe bringing drought, storms, and rising seas.
According to most estimates, global sea levels rose by five inches in the 20th century. That's five inches for the entire century, not per year. That is the most recent century we have as a basis for future predictions.
Climate scientists believe that ocean levels will rise at twice that rate through the 21st century, but they have been wrong about many things, and their behavior often appears to be politically motivated. One can speculate about the future, but the past does not lie.
In a few locations, such as Venice, Italy, five or ten inches might make a difference in a city's daily life. In Omaha or Nashville, it really doesn't matter. In fact, there's practically no place in America where a modest rise in sea levels will make a difference in one's way of life. But a rise in gas prices will — as will higher taxes to pay for addressing climate change, despite the fact that human efforts will not actually prevent the climate from changing.
In his latest research, Bjorn Lomborg shows that "US climate policies, in the most optimistic circumstances, fully achieved and adhered to throughout the century, will reduce global temperatures by 0.031°C (0.057°F) by 2100." Not one degree or one-tenth of one degree. That's half of one-tenth of one degree if we entirely eliminate fossil fuels, restrict growth and travel, dramatically reduce meat consumption, and make other sacrifices necessary to comply with the Paris Agreement for the next 80 years — and beginning immediately.
Biden believes that the sacrifice is worth it, so it was a centerpiece of his speech last week. But the almost immediate elimination of fossil fuels will bring power outages, an end to economic growth and prosperity, and shorter life expectancy (as Americans live in the cold; drive smaller, more dangerous cars; and suffer from less medical research and poorer treatment).
Worst of all, restrictions on domestic oil and gas drilling leave us beholden to Russia, Iran, and Venezuela, and with no strategic leverage abroad. The costs of the Paris Agreement are immense, while the benefit, as Lomborg shows, is negligible at best. Remarkably, in the best-case scenario, and if the Paris Agreement were fully implemented not just by Europe and the U.S., but by China, India, and other developing countries, these sacrifices will have no perceptible effect. We will have sacrificed our prosperity, our military strength, our health, and our happiness for nothing.
Progressives want to spend whatever it takes to alter the climate, but it is impossible to alter the climate even in one hundred years. It is a fool's errand, and more so because the world's other largest carbon emitters — China, India, and Russia — are not participating.
Wouldn't we be better off lowering taxes and allowing local governments to deal with rising seas if they continue to rise? Low areas in many places can be defended with sea walls. Others that lie far below sea level would be better off abandoned. As nature slowly warms the planet, we have the ability to deal with it as long as we have the revenue to do so. As nature cools the planet, as it certainly will again, we must deal with that, too. But we cannot deal with the natural cycles of warming and cooling if government makes us poor. Sea walls are expensive, as are properly insulated homes and businesses that protect against the cold.
Radicals would have us spend far more than we do today to "combat climate change," a fictitious phrase since, according to the liberal website fivethirtyeight.com, the hundreds of billions we have spent since 1993 to prevent climate change have not prevented climate change at all. In fact, according to the OMB, "94 percent of the money was going to programs that weren't primarily focused on climate change." Spending in the name of climate change has been a shambles since "government doesn't keep good track of how much it's spending," and much of the money just seems to disappear.
Where does climate change spending go? To career politicians like Joe Biden, to the Democrat party, to tens of thousands of academics and "climate experts," to a growing climate bureaucracy, and to simple graft and corruption. No wonder Democrats support the Paris Agreement — it's Pigs at the Trough for progressives.
Now climate change activists are talking about spending not hundreds of billions, but ten trillion, as much as half of our current annual GDP. It is reasonable to assume that much of that money — as much as 94% — will disappear as well. If it does, that will be the greatest theft in human history. Ninety-four percent of $10 trillion is roughly $50,000 for every American adult. And that's in addition to even greater compliance costs shifted onto local communities, businesses, and individuals.
The real threat to the U.S. is not climate change; it is, as always, the danger of war and of economic decline, both of which will affect us if war spreads beyond Ukraine into eastern Europe. Spending trillions of dollars on climate change weakens America's ability to deal with its adversaries and to attract and secure allies. We have already spent hundreds of billions on climate change without knowing where that money went — not, according to the OMB, into actual climate change efforts (which, according to Bjorn Lomborg, would not perceptibly change the Earth's climate anyway).
As a nation, we are weaker and poorer as a result of climate change spending. As individuals, we will have less money to fund education, housing, consumer spending, health care, and other vital activities, or just to spend as we like. In his State of the Union speech, Biden promised a cure for cancer, but by spending more on climate change, we ensure less medical research as funding is sucked out of the private sector. Those who focus on the narrow issue of climate change are callously ignoring this fact, and the even greater suffering should the U.S. be defeated by China or another adversary in a future war. The U.S. can deal with rising seas of five inches or even ten inches per century, but we cannot deal with enslavement by another nation, which is what liberals have disregarded.
There are many countries that lie partially below sea level and have built secure sea walls to protect their land. Many of these countries are increasing their efforts, as has Holland, which has spent many billions of dollars on an innovative series of dams to protect against rising seas in the future. If the Dutch people really believed that the Paris Agreement could lower the seas, they would not be spending that money. Instead, they are following the prudent course of protecting themselves, regardless of future outcomes.
Unlike Holland, the U.S. is in danger of not spending where necessary, and of spending vast amounts where not necessary.
It is impossible to predict the future of the Earth's climate. In just a few years, warming can shift to cooling, and problems like rising seas can be replaced by extreme cold, failing crops, and falling seas, which would be a major problem for coastal areas, harbors, and the Panama and Suez canals.
What we must do is lower taxes and eliminate government spending so individuals can protect themselves and allow local governments to build dikes and dams to protect against modestly rising seas.
Historically, the U.S. GDP has increased by a factor of nine every century. That will not continue if we decide to squander half of our economy on climate spending. Our great-grandchildren could be living with average real, inflation-adjusted annual incomes of $572,000 per capita instead of $63,500 if only we restrain government spending on climate change and nearly all else.
Or they could be living on $6,000 per year as economic slaves to China. It's our choice. Either way, it's not rising seas that are most worrying. It's our freedom and prosperity. Spending on climate change threatens both.
Jeffrey Folks is the author of many books and articles on American culture, most recently Heartland of the Imagination (2011).
Image via Pixabay.


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Colorado turned a shade bluer Tuesday, but the state’s largest group of voters — those unaffiliated with any political party — make it unlikely either major party will dominate for the foreseeable future.
By helping lift President Barack Obama to re-election and handing control of the state House to the Democrats, Colorado lent support to Democratic arguments that the state’s changing electorate — especially in the Denver suburbs — favors them.
At the same time, the status quo appeared to be holding in Colorado’s congressional makeup despite redistricting that made three seats more competitive. The U.S. House delegation was projected late Tuesday to remain 4-3 tilted toward Republicans, demonstrating the power of incumbency when neither party is dominating nationally.
“When you really dig into it, we’re as purple as ever,” said Democrat strategist Mike Melanson of OnSight Public Affairs, who has managed campaigns for Sen. Mark Udall and Gov. John Hickenlooper. “Overall, it might be a Democratic night. But you know what? In two years, it will probably be a Republican night. We’re just that kind of state.”
Obama’s win in Colorado runs counter to recent history. Colorado’s electoral votes had gone to Republicans in nine of the previous 12 presidential elections. The Democrats who prevailed here — Lyndon Johnson in 1964, Bill Clinton in 1992 and Obama in 2008 — did so as part of landslide victories, not in a closely contested race like this one.
The last time Colorado supported a Democratic incumbent: Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936.
“The Democrats will feel like they have the formula,” said Denver pollster Floyd Ciruli. “Their fundamental argument is they are an ascendant party because of the state’s changing demographics.”
Colorado long was solidly Republican country. The state turned a deeper shade of red in the 1990s, framed by the passage of tax limitation measure the Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights, or TABOR, in 1992.
By 2002, Republicans controlled the governor’s mansion, both U.S. Senate seats, five of the seven U.S. House seats and both chambers of the General Assembly. Just six years later, the opposite held true — Democrats held all those cards.
Analysts point to a combination of factors for the swing: an influx of college-educated whites and Latinos to fast-growing areas; a Republican shift to the right that alienated some suburban voters; a Democratic political strategy of fielding moderate candidates who appeal to independent voters; and the influence of a small group of wealthy liberal donors backing Democratic candidates and causes.
In 2010, in a wave election for Republicans, the state reverted to purple, with both Republicans and Democrats prevailing in key races.
Robert Loevy, a retired Colorado College political science professor, said his research found Colorado is the only state west of the Mississippi River and east of the West Coast states becoming more Democratic. If trends hold, he expects Colorado to become a true blue state in 10 to 20 years.
“I think the Republicans are still going to win a lot of elections, and there could be national Republican sweeps that will help Republicans here,” Loevy said. “But the long-range trend is very clear.”
Loevy cautioned against reading too much into congressional and statehouse results as a barometer of the state’s political profile because of the outsized role redistricting plays in those races.
While demographic changes favor Democrats, there’s no guarantee demographics hold, said Melanson, the Democratic strategist. Catholics once were reliably Democratic and now are swing voters, and the same could eventually hold for true for Latinos, for instance.
“The one thing we know,” Melanson said, “is change.”
Robert Duffy, a Colorado State University political scientist, said the results Tuesday show Republicans in Colorado have a “real problem with unaffiliated voters.”
“You look at early vote numbers, and they show Republicans are up by 35,000 votes or so in votes returned,” Duffy said. “But then you look at the results on election day, and it’s like, ‘Whoa, Obama must have won the unaffiliated votes.’ “
In a state divided by thirds into Democrats, Republicans and unaffiliated voters, that makes it impossible to win a statewide election, he said.
Denver pollster Ciruli notes that Colorado ranks in the middle nationally in partisanship, ideology and religious identification.
The state can claim voters committed in their beliefs — strong liberals backed Obama over Hillary Rodham Clinton in the 2008 caucuses, and Colorado Republicans backed conservative Rick Santorum over Mitt Romney in caucuses this year — the real power lies in the middle.
“While Democrats will see some advantage, the state will remain very close,” Ciruli said. “The decade of the 1990s was an anomaly in getting conservative but from 2004 to 2008 was also an anomaly, and now we are getting back to the mean. And the mean is very, very competitive.”

domain: news


text:
© Monéphil (CC BY-NC)
Elizabeth II (1952-2022)
|Type||Circulating commemorative coin|
0.50 AUD = USD 0.32
|Composition||Copper-nickel (75% Copper, 25% Nickel)|
|Orientation||Medal alignment ↑↑|
Tracy L. Schmidt (editor); 2019. Standard Catalog of World Coins / 2001-Date (14th edition). Krause Publications, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States.Schön# 58
And 5 more volumes.
Gerhard Schön; 2022. Weltmünzkatalog / 20. Jahrhundert: 1901-2000 (47. Auflage). Battenberg Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf, Germany.
And 2 more volumes.
200th Anniversary of Cook's Australian Voyage
2nd portrait of Queen Elizabeth II facing right wearing the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland Tiara.
Bust of Captain Cook at left, map of Australia at right.
1770 James Cook
12 Sided Smooth
© Mike Bentley (CC BY-NC)
The Royal Australian Mint issued this 50 cent coin, the first commemorative coin of the decimal era, in 1970 to celebrate the bicentenary of the navigation of Australia’s east coast by Captain James Cook. It was included in the UNC and Proof Year sets for 1970.
There were 556,888 coins issued as a red cased specimen as shown below. These were issued for 60 cents from banks and the RAM.
Seventy (70) VIP Proof Presentation Sets were produced in 1970 each containing two proof coins.
In 1989 The RAM issued a stunning re-strike of the coin in the "Masterpieces in Silver Set" for that year. However, it had the Raphael Makleouf 3rd Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on the Obverse.
This image shows the two different orientations that the number 7 can be on the date on this coin.
|1970||556 888||$ 3.30||3%||BU Specimen - Cased|
|1970||40 230||$ 3.30||1.7%||BU Year Set|
|1970||16 548 100||$ 0.33||$ 0.57||$ 0.57||$ 1.50||$ 1.50||$ 1.50||$ 2.60||96%||Circulation; two varieties see comments|
|1970||140||0.05%||Proof VIP 2 Coin Set|
|1970||15 368||1.4%||Proof Year Set|
Values in the table above are expressed in USD. They are based on evaluations by Numista users and sales realized on Internet platforms. They serve as an indication only; they are not intended to be relied upon for buying, selling or exchanging. Numista does not buy or sell coins or banknotes.
Frequencies show the percentage of Numista users who own each year or variety among all the users who own this coin. Since some users own several versions, the sum may be greater than 100%.
Members from this site want to exchange it: jald1960, Warfvinge, Moose59, zdravko, kevinh, floyd1, NacL32, Spatri, Smetsys, erniemix, Twotone, MicheleTN, jay2001, one, drol.com, indian_coinseller, Kuna, muzz0000, aumi, mitch0366, Carlos Cerrato, bbybugs, Jwright, Bakelis, Willem Jan Braakman, sangriablanca, Ruffigny, geostring, yahel, Irfan.ali, robertmx, FelixEshed, TheGame, Four-Twenty, akadotour, Olivierditole, ybigdan, hl1953, borzacsko, cyprusalexander, l-ajaiste-21, Arnootje47, lorenzi, quartz, onecent, Coins2see, Buschigel, Boubymomo, uzifox, Mmaaxxiimmuuss…
|Feb 11, 2023||Undetermined||UNC||
(+ buyer's premium)
|© Katz Coins Notes & Supplies Corp.|


India's mega defense deals to reach $100 Billion by next decade
A study by Industry body Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and audit firm KPMG has revealed that India has signed defense deals worth nearly $25 billion in the last four years. The research also indicates that Indian defense ministry will sign more deals in future which are worth $41.99 billion reports Asian Defence News.
The Army, Navy and Airforce are given equal concern in terms of procurement of weapons. While the army and the air force will buy over $14 billion worth of platform, weapons and systems, the navy is expected to sign deals worth $13 billion. The year of 2007 saw the boom of defense products where the defense ministry spent about $17.46 billion. About $6.16 billion was spent on Navy, $420 million on army and $616 million on Coast Guard.
The year 2010 was the year of defense pacts. Indian firms got offset works which were worth around $10 billion. "Defense offset projects worth $10 billion are being negotiated, which will benefit India in terms of business and development of defense technology," Minister of State for Defense Production M.M. Pallam Raju said. Under the renewed defense procurement policy, it is mandatory for overseas firms securing Indian defense contracts to outsource 30 percent of the deal to state-run Indian enterprises and private firms as offset works.
Since the 1999 Kargil war, India has inked deals worth $50 billion to acquire fighters, warships, tanks, missiles, other weapon systems and platforms, the overwhelming majority of them from abroad. Under an assessment on the civil and military aerospace sector, India is poised to witness a growth worth $150 billion by 2030 which will import military hardware and software, according to defense production secretary Raj Kumar Singh. India will reinforce its position as the developing world's biggest arms buyer.
Recent deals by U.S. aerospace major Boeing, bagged a $170-million order, through the U.S.' foreign military sales route, to supply 24 units of Harpoon Block-II anti-ship missiles for the IAF's maritime-strike Jaguar fighter jets.
In the year 2010, three U.S. companies have hogged at least 42 percent of recent national military contracts worth nearly $8.78 billion. Boeing, Lockheed Martin and GE Aviation totally won contracts worth around $3.75 billion among 13 overseas companies that won different orders from the Government. The recent deals clinched by the U.S. companies include the P-8I Poseidon maritime surveillance aircraft from Boeing; C-130J transport planes from Lockheed Martin; GE's engines for the light combat aircraft Tejas; Harpoon anti-ship missiles and ultra light howitzers.
The defense ministry is also expected to spend about $100 billion in the next decade on acquisitions for its 1.3-million-strong armed forces that are currently going through a major modernization program.
Among the pending procurements are the 126 multi-role combat aircraft for $10.4-billion, 10 C-17 heavylift transport planes for an estimated $5.8 billion, 15 heavy-lift helicopters, 22 attack helicopters, and 197 light utility helicopters reports Aisan Defence News.
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Former Neshaminy Basketball Coach Pleads Guilty to Harassment
Former Neshaminy High School varsity basketball coach Jerry Devine, who was removed from his coaching position by the school board last Tuesday, has pleaded guilty to harassment charges stemming from a physical confrontation with a referee during a game in early January.
According to the Bucks County Courier Times, Devine reportedly pleaded guilty by mailing in his summons, along with $455.99, on January 27th. He paid a $300 fine in addition to $155.99 in court fees.
Devine’s guilty plea is the latest development in a series of events that began on January 5, when the former coach appeared to head-butt or bump an official, knocking him to the floor, during the last minute of Neshaminy’s game against Pennsbury. Prosecutors recommended a mere harassment charge because it did not appear that Devine intended to injure the official.
The school immediately placed him on administrative leave, but he soon returned to his job as a special educator at Neshaminy.
Follow @BretttKlein on Twitter.


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The Fortnite v-bucks newest activity to attack the scene is just one of one of the most prominent on the web video games, Fortnite V-Bucks. Therefore what are its functions and also benefits?
Like Fortnite all its own levels are available in different difficulty levels, which aids to generate a problem for gamers. It possesses many different activity modes.
Like Fortnite it also supplies unlimited amount of money, along with each acquisition you make. You may play solitary gamer, up to four gamers or even on-line activities, along with an assortment of features and also environments.
The reason this activity is thus prominent is its own capacity to become participated in through any individual, anytime, anywhere. Similar to the original, you may play this online game without a net link. You don’t possess to miss out on the enjoyable.
If you want to gain V-Bucks you have to finish all degrees, as quickly as possible. This makes it thrilling for the players. It additionally supplies an excellent difficulty, as you certainly never understand what you are actually going to get.
In terms of graphics and also sound V-bucks looks great. It has an initial, vivid appearance and also sound impact.
As stated before, this is actually a terrific game to enjoy with buddies, household as well as opponents. Considering that they love to obtain prize seeking right into a quite impressive and amusing game, it is really preferred along with children.
V-Bucks is actually available for free coming from several sites, nevertheless there is an one-time expense that is called for to gain access to this. Nonetheless, this is a percentage matched up to the perks, so you truly require certainly not stress over it.
It is achievable to discover assistance coming from other gamers online and portion recommendations as well as tricks since it is a really well-known video game along with a huge internet area. This is great as it provides a feeling of competitors, which inspires players to carry out much better, and also obtain faster.
Likewise, considering that it’s an online activity, it permits you to play whenever you yearn for. When you’re stayed at job, take some time off and play this video game instead.
There are actually some points you must understand about this game. You shouldn’t anticipate very much of a difficulty, especially if you are actually brand-new to the activities. It is actually suggested you play in Singular Gamer mode, where you have actually restricted possibilities as well as don’t have to stress over other gamers. beating adversaries.
You ought to just obtain coins or even investment credit histories if you prefer to focus up much faster. to acquire tools and also shield.
It’s recommended to play this online activity along with buddies, because it’s much easier to play with others, and it’s additionally less costly. Also, you can participate in the same level over, till you are actually quite comfortable. As you become much more comfortable with the managements, you can easily switch to Multiplayer mode.
You do not possess to pay out to sign up with or sign up because it’s an on-line video game. So you can easily participate in as much as you yearn for and whenever you prefer. for so long as you really want. You can easily continue playing the activity whenever you yearn for.
As you can find, playing this game is an excellent video game to play. Yet if you’re a beginner, you must probably begin playing in Single Player method, until you acquire a sense of the controls.
There are a considerable amount of other traits to learn about the game, prior to you play the game all the way to the end. A few of the various other points feature understanding just how to eliminate foes, understanding exactly how to utilize your items successfully, and also knowing exactly how to cultivate pieces.
Do not waste any kind of loan on purchasing added weapons, or armor that you’ll never ever make use of. A lot of the amount of times, you’ll be actually making use of these products promptly, so it is actually just like dependable to spare all of them for a later stage. as an alternative.
It is actually suggested to invest your opportunity to focus up if you want to acquire the most out of the Fortnite v-bucks you are actually going to get. and also cultivating coins much faster.
The faster you get to focus up as well as farm coins, the quicker you will definitely manage to proceed. The faster you come to level up and also farm coins, the quicker you are able to progress. The fastest technique to go about this is to merely invest additional time in Solitary Gamer method, and let your fingers perform the strolling.
The most up-to-date game to strike the PlayStation Vita is actually Fortnite V-Bucks. This activity takes some fair influences coming from older activities like Mafia Wars and also other comparable activities. You are actually not just betting other players yet likewise making an effort to survive in a brand-new globe that is actually full of a ton of enemies.
The planet itself is more or less a mixture in between an online globe and a true world. Each chart is full of tiny isles where you will need to accomplish problems or even missions, to progress. The pursuits are certainly not only timed events, however there is actually likewise a considerable amount of searching for loot as well.
The major objectives of the video game are to accumulate as several points as feasible. As you play more of the video game you will be able to acquire a better sense of what is actually happening up next.
If you are dealing with getting the activity, you will certainly would like to review some reviews prior to creating your final acquisition. Many individuals are actually pointing out that this game is actually really addicting which it will actually keep you occupied for an extended period of your time. This is actually a bunch of exciting to play and also I ensure that most individuals who have actually bought it are actually loving the brand-new video game!
The fantastic feature of this video game is actually that it is free. You carry out not also must pay out just about anything in order to play it. The graphics are fantastic, as are actually the audios. It is easy to understand and also the managements are actually fairly user-friendly.
You can visit their formal internet site if you prefer to understand even more regarding the background of the activity. Just in case you are actually wondering the length of time it has been actually about, the developers were collaborating with the Mafia Wars staff for a while. The original version of the game was pretty simple, but now there are actually a lot of different alternatives accessible that you are actually certainly never burrowed. Naturally you can likewise participate in the free of cost demo to see exactly how properly the video game plays.
Fortnite V-Bucks is an additional fantastic activity that has many choices on call to you. This is why it is such a preferred selection one of players. If you wish to try it out, you may snatch it exactly on the Vita.

domain: entertainment


Changing Schools or Moving: Time is of the Essence
Changing Schools and Districts, or Moving Before the2021-2022 School Year
Monday, August 16 is the first day of school in many districts, including Carroll ISD, and some parents are changing schools. While most students will be back with their friends and neighbors, some students will be going to a different school this year. While current events and concerns motivated many making different school choices, many others spent the summer buying and selling homes, with historically low-interest rates and high values on Southlake area homes that made moving very appealing for some and changing schools and districts can be part of the process.
Meanwhile, recent school board election races were spirited and there were many issues on which parents voted and made their opinions well-known. Among the concerns of parents with primary school-aged children were health andCOVID-19 policies and protocols, as well as issues about diversity instruction and critical race theory instruction. In a divided culture, it is not a surprise that some parents wanted to pull their kids out of Carroll ISD, while others have been doing whatever they can to enroll their children in the district. Changing schools and districts is not uncommon, and parents have several options.
Relocating into another district, working to change what district kids attend, and deciding to change from district-zoned schools to different educational options are increasingly common occurrences. Parents who are divorced and co-parenting can work together on school choice issues, or they can battle one another and fight it out in court. However, the family decides to handle school choice situations, there are policies and procedures along the way.
The family law attorneys at the Barrows Firm in Southlake are well-versed in school choice issues. Attorney Leslie Barrows and Attorney Amanda Roark can help parents with issues involved in changing schools, school districts, or moving before or near the beginning of the 2021-2022 school year.
Education Bills Passed by the 87th Texas Legislature
The Texas Association of School Administrators published a recent collection of new education laws that have either been assigned by Texas Governor Greg Abbott or are awaiting signature or final adjustments. Many of the new laws that amend the Texas Education Code focus on the safety and welfare of children. New changes in education laws also expand or limit the powers of independent school districts.
Which Parent Has the Right to Determine Where Children Will Attend School?
When parents divorce in Texas there are parental rights and duties appointed to one or both parents. Parental rights are determined either by agreement of the parties in a custody lawsuit or by the Order of the Court. If both parents are joint managing conservators, they both have decision-making authority over school and educational decisions. But if one parent is the sole managing conservator, they have the sole power to make schooling decisions.
Importantly, one parent over the other usually has the legal right to determine the primary residence of children and that is important in figuring out which schools are options for children. In Texas, the residence of the child determines the district school system assignment. In some situations, a short move a few streets down means the children may be going to a different school district. Texas independent school districts have the authority to determine whether a child may stay in that district even despite a recent move.
Can Parents Change School Districts Without Moving?
Generally, a child must attend the school district where they reside. The school district administrators can use transfer agreements to allow students to attend school districts other than the one in which they reside. A parent asking the district to make such an allowance must present good cause as to why their son or daughter needs to be in one school district versus the other. The student’s best interests and academic performance are primary concerns. The issues over mask mandates and diversity training might not be sufficient to convince administrators to allow a district change. Larger districts with more options to move students around may be more amenable to these requests. A common request is to keep a child in the school in which they are currently enrolled despite a recent move that might be within the district or close by where it is determined an allowance is reasonable.
When Can Parents Change School Districts?
Assuming a parent has the legal authority to move the child to a new school district, the changes should be done before the beginning of the school year. That said, things happen in life and job changes and extraordinary circumstances can be reasons for districts to allow students to change schools and enroll in another district. These situations are handled on a case-by-case basis and parents who anticipate making changes should not wait until the process becomes more difficult. Notifying the district administrators promptly is important.
School Options in Texas: District-Zoned Schools, Magnet Schools, Charter Schools, and Private Schools
District-zoned schools are free to attend for the students who reside in the specific neighborhood or zip code. These schools are the default option for students whose parents do not otherwise request a transfer or apply to have their children rolled in another type of Texas primary school.
Magnet program schools are public schools that are free to attend and offer special programs and educational curriculums such as college-preparatory, performing arts, engineering, and other focused-areas of study. Magnet schools often have waiting lists and students must apply and be accepted to these programs.
Charter schools are also public schools but they are not managed by local school districts, which makes them unique. While they are free to attend there may be fees for special programs. Like magnet schools, charter schools have applications for admittance and certain priority area preferences apply to students living in certain areas.
Private and religious schools are non-publicly funded schools and have control over their programs and educational curriculum. Private schools charge tuition and many have scholarships to which students can apply and help defer some of the costs. Interviews and testing processes are common in private schools which may also have religious affiliations.


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Today is Monday, Sept. 16, the 259th day of 2019. There are 106 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
On Sept. 16, 2001, President George W. Bush, speaking on the South Lawn of the White House, said there was "no question" Osama bin Laden and his followers were the prime suspects in the Sept. 11 attacks; Bush pledged the government would "find them, get them running and hunt them down."
On this date:
In 1893, more than 100,000 settlers swarmed onto a section of land in Oklahoma known as the "Cherokee Strip."
In 1910, Bessica Medlar Raiche of Mineola, N.Y., made the first accredited solo airplane flight by a woman in the United States.
In 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Selective Training and Service Act.
In 1974, President Gerald R. Ford announced a conditional amnesty program for Vietnam war deserters and draft-evaders.
In 1976, the Episcopal Church, at its General Convention in Minneapolis, formally approved the ordination of women as priests and bishops.
In 1982, the massacre of between 1,200 and 1,400 Palestinian men, women and children at the hands of Israeli-allied Christian Phalange militiamen began in west Beirut's Sabra and Shatila refugee camps.
You have free articles remaining.
In 1987, two dozen countries signed the Montreal Protocol, a treaty designed to save the Earth's ozone layer by calling on nations to reduce emissions of harmful chemicals by the year 2000.
In 1994, a federal jury in Anchorage, Alaska, ordered Exxon Corp. to pay $5 billion in punitive damages for the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (the U.S Supreme Court later reduced that amount to $507.5 million).
In 2005, President George W. Bush ruled out raising taxes to pay the massive costs of Gulf Coast reconstruction in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, saying other government spending had to be cut to pay for the recovery effort.
In 2007, contractors for the U.S. security firm Blackwater USA guarding a U.S. State Department convoy in Baghdad opened fire on civilian vehicles, mistakenly believing they were under attack; 14 Iraqis died.
In 2013, Aaron Alexis, a former U.S. Navy reservist, went on a shooting rampage inside the Washington Navy Yard, killing 12 victims before being shot dead by police.
Ten years ago: Sen. Max Baucus, D-Mt., chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, unveiled sweeping legislation to remake the nation's costly health care system.
Five years ago: President Barack Obama declared that the Ebola epidemic in West Africa could threaten security around the world and ordered 3,000 U.S. troops to the region in emergency aid muscle.
One year ago: At least 17 people were confirmed dead from Hurricane Florence, and the North Carolina city of Wilmington was cut off by still-rising waters as catastrophic flooding spread across the Carolinas.
Today's Birthdays: Actor George Chakiris is 87. Movie director Jim McBride is 78. Rhythm-and-blues singer Betty Kelley (Martha & the Vandellas) is 75. Musician Kenney Jones (Small Faces; Faces; The Who) is 71. Actress Susan Ruttan is 71. Rock musician Ron Blair (Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers; Mudcrutch) is 71. Actor Ed Begley Jr. is 70. Country singer David Bellamy (The Bellamy Brothers) is 69. Actor Mickey Rourke is 67. Actor-comedian Lenny Clarke is 66. Jazz musician Earl Klugh is 66. TV personality Mark McEwen is 65. Baseball Hall of Famer Robin Yount is 64. Magician David Copperfield is 63. Country singer-songwriter Terry McBride is 61. Actress Jennifer Tilly is 61. Retired MLB All-Star pitcher Orel Hershiser is 61. Baseball Hall of Famer Tim Raines is 60. Richard Marx is 56. Comedian Molly Shannon is 55. Singer Marc Anthony is 51. Comedian-actress Amy Poehler is 48. Singer Musiq is 42. Rapper Flo Rida is 40. Actress Alexis Bledel is 38. Actor Ian Harding is 33. Actress Kyla Pratt is 33. Rock singer Teddy Geiger is 31. Rock singer-musician Nick Jonas (The Jonas Brothers) is 27. Actress Elena Kampouris is 22.
Thought for Today: "Some problems are so complex that you have to be highly intelligent and well informed just to be undecided about them." — Laurence J. Peter, Canadian writer (born this date in 1919, died 1990).


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By SANCHESKA BROWN
Tribune Staff Reporter
A 20-YEAR-OLD man is assisting with the police investigation into the first two murders of 2013.
Police detained the man around 8:20am on Tuesday.
The double murder happened around midnight last Saturday.
Police say they received reports of gunshots being fired in the Union Village Road area. When they arrived at the scene, they found two men with multiple gunshot wounds.
According to reports, the victims were sitting at the side of a house when they were approached by a man armed with a handgun.
The suspect shot both men several times before fleeing the area on foot.
One man died on the scene, the other was taken to hospital where he later died of his injuries.
In other crime news, a 39-year-old man and a 27-year-old woman are in custody after they were arrested for being in possession of three unlicensed firearms on Wednesday.
According to Police reports, around 1:25am, Mobile Division Officers were on patrol in the Gulf Course Boulevard area when they saw a man and a woman in a parked vehicle acting suspiciously.
The officers conducted a search and found an unlicensed shotgun.
The man and woman were arrested and taken into custody.
Police later conducted a search of an Alexandria Road home and found two more unlicensed firearms.
Investigations are continuing.


10 Jul The Headway of Online Gaming
The world is filled with increasing technologies. The emerging technologies are all being engulfed by one master driver that is human comfort. The Artificial intelligence, the machine learning and deep learning are all the buzz killers of the 21st century. The concept of gaming evolved from the genesis of human civilization.
Computer gaming was initially through computer mathematical calculations. The evolutions of technologies are in the peak and are serving the complete agenda of simplifying the lifestyle. The technological evolution has imposed a great impact on the gaming industries. The advancement of technology has a very significant role in the meaningful transformation of video gaming. There are numerous technological advancements taking place in the gaming industries; few of them are mentioned below.
The Singapore online slot casino games are not the complex codes that make the games superfast and fun, but it encloses the number of networks induced encryption to secure the data that are generated by online games. Most of the games played generate data that needs to be managed appropriately, and this can be achieved if there is a systematic approach of encryption and description.
Facial and voice controlling power
Having complete control over the access of the game is one of the best features of online games these days. Voice control is also one of the amazing features that include within these varieties of games and helps you monitor the status of your performance in that particular game. The games have been created with the multiple uniqueness which compliments the experiences of gaming and entertainment.
The graphic cards are the additional perks to the gaming laptops that provide enhanced picture quality and allow you to experience the incredible aspects of the video games. A good graphic card can extend you a reality check of the liveliness of the game. You can undergo the deep conceptual understanding of the purpose of the game when you have the complete clarity of it.
As technology evolved, many new concepts took the form of unbeatable niche. One among them is the artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is the fundamental resource of most of the technological advancements in the contemporary world. Its vastness has rooted in the gaming industry very deep and down. The high performing games include the submerge of Artificial intelligence. The virtual reality concept is the player’s most favourite part of the game. This enhances the gaming atmosphere.
The gaming needs multiple convenient tools like graphic cards, 3D visual screen, and so on. One of the most important among them is the probability of the game. As the technology is offering best possible comfort to the human lifestyle, it has to compliment to the gaming industry also by letting the player continue his/her game from the Desktop to a laptop and from the laptop to the mobile phone.