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A step by step guide for Turnip farming practices
Today, we learn the turnip farming practices, planting methods, plant care, harvesting process, and the yield.
Introduction of Turnips:
The turnip or white turnip is a root vegetable is generally grown in temperate climates, tropical and subtropical regions of India for its white, bulbous taproot. The most common type of turnip is colored in white. This root vegetable belongs to the family of “Brassicaceae” and genus of “Brassica”. The small and tender roots are used for the culinary purpose whereas bigger size turnips are used as animal feed.
Health Benefits of Turnips:
Following are some of the health benefits of Turnips.
- Turnips may help in cancer prevention.
- Turnips are good for heart health.
- Turnips have anti-inflammatory properties.
- Turnips are a good source of antioxidants.
- Turnips support in bone health.
- Turnips are good source fiber.
- Turnips are good for digestive health.
- Turnips aid in weight loss.
Local names for Turnips in India:
Shalgam (Hindi), Salgam (Marathi), Tella Dumpa (Telugu),Knolkol (Tamil),Navil Kosu (kannada), Salgum (Assamese), Shalgom (Bengali), Shalgam (Punjabi, Oriya), Madhura mullangi (Malayalam), and Salagama (Gujarati).
You should not miss the Sheep Farming Business Plan.
High Turnip Production Sates of India:
Bihar, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Haryana.
Types and Varieties of Turnips in India:
Turnip varieties are categorized into two main groups. They are Asiatic or Tropical type & Temperate or European type. These two groups further classified based on root shape, skin and flesh color. However, the turnip varieties preferred for commercial cultivation are given below.
- Early Milan Red Top
- Purple Top White Globe
- Punjab Safed 4
- Golden Ball
- Snow Ball
- Pusa Sweti
- Pusa Kanchan
- Pusa Swarnima
- Pusa Chandrima
Climate Requirement for Growing Turnips:
Turnips thrive best in cool and moist climatic conditions. These root vegetables can be grown even in the areas where summer temperatures are moderate. The optimum temperature range of 10 °C to 16°C is ideal for the development of good root texture, best flavor, and excellent size. It requires short day lengths and cool climate for better development of roots. The Asiatic type of turnip tolerates high temperature whereas the temperate type of turnip thrives well in cool climatic conditions.
Soil Requirement for Turnip Production:
Turnip vegetable can be cultivated in a wide range of soils. However, well-drained sandy loam soils with high in humus are the best for its cultivation. Very light sandy soils or too heavy soils are not suitable for its cultivation.
Land Preparation in Turnip Plantation:
In turnip farming, land preparation would be the same as radish farming. Give a couple of plows to bring the soil to the fine tilth stage and weed-free. supplement the soil with appropriate well rotten farmyard manure (FMY) (25 tonnes /ha).
You may also like Hybrid Coconut Cultivation; Yield; Varieties.
Propagation of Turnips:
Turnips are propagated through seeds.
Sowing, Spacing, and Planting of Turnips:
The sowing time for the Asiatic type of turnips is best from July to Sept whereas for Temperate or European type of turnips from Oct to Dec in the plains. In hills regions, the best sowing season is from July to Sept. Generally, Turnip seeds are sown directly either in ridges or lines prepared during the land preparation. Usually, flatbeds are used for sowing the turnip seeds. However, in low lying regions or during monsoon, it should be done on ridges.
Turnip seeds should be sown on ridges or rows @ 30 cm apart while keeping the row-to-row distance of 6 to 7 cm. usually, seeds are sown at 1.5 cm depth and seeds should be mixed with sand for uniform sowing.
In turnip cultivation, seeds can germinate within a week and the success of seed germination is about 90%. Thinning should be carried out after 2 weeks of germination. The turnip plants should be placed @ 12 to 15 cm within the row.
Manures and Fertilizers for Turnip Crop:
Apply farmyard manure (FMY) of 25 tonnes/ha as basal dose at the time of land preparation.
Apply “N” @ 80 to 100 kg/ha, “P” @ 50 kg/ha, “K” @ 50 kg/ha. The full dose of P & K, a half dose of “N” should be applied before sowing the seeds. The leftover “N” should be applied in 2 split doses with one is at the time of root formation and the 2nd dose at the time of root knobs development. Phosphatic and potassic fertilizers should be applied at 8 cm depth before sowing the seeds. In the case of micronutrient deficiency, Spray the 1kg/ha of Micnelf MS-24 one or two times based on the requirement.
Irrigation for Turnip Plantation:
Irrigation should be carried out as soon as seeds are sown and the frequency of irrigation depends on the soil moisture-holding capacity and climate conditions. Generally, to maintain optimum moisture, Irrigation should be given at 8 to 10 days intervals. Mulching also retains good moisture content in the soil apart from preventing weed growth. In the rainy season, there is no need for any irrigation. In case of heavy rains or floods, make sure to drain out the water from the soil.
Weed Control in Turnip Production:
About 3 hoeings can be given to control the weeds in the turnip plantation. The earthing up should be done during 2nd & 3rd hoeing after the top dressing application of “N” fertilizers for producing quality roots. Total of 3 weedings is required in turnips farming till the harvesting time. Herbicides like Tok E-25 @ 2 kg/ha can be used as a pre-emergence application to control the weeds effectively.
When and How to Harvest Turnips:
Turnips will be ready for harvesting when tender roots are uprooted with good size. Usually, the turnip roots are harvested when they are about 6 to 10 cm in diameter depending on the turnip variety cultivated. If turnips are not harvested at the right time, they become tough & fibrous. Harvesting is preferred in the evening.
The Yield of Turnips:
Yield depends on the variety and soil type, climate conditions along with the farm management practices. In turnips farming, an average yield of 250–400 quintals/ha can be obtained.
You may be interested in Growing Radish, Planting, Care, Harvesting.
That’s all folks about the farming of turnip along with cultivation practices. If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to drop a comment below. Keep farming veggies!.

domain: agronomy


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Wow. We knew you guys detested the Marlins Stadium deal, but now we're afraid Miami needs some serious, professional therapy (or at least a big morning hit of Valium) to cope with the Little Havana boondoggle.
We got nearly one hundred suggestions after we asked for a snarky nickname for the ballpark, from regular readers, political activists -- even from one of the candidates running for Miami-Dade County mayor! (Nope, not Uncle Luke). Click through for highlights and to vote on our ten favorites.
Quite a few nicknames took swipes at the lying liars who lied to us while building their house of lies, from the "Ethics Violations Dome" to the "Liar Bowl" to the wordy but accurate "Billionaire Owners Screwed the Taxpayers Again Field."
Others went for the Fish puns, opting for the "Fish Locker" (look it up on Urban Dictionary, as the namer suggests), the "No Attendance Aquarium" and the "Fishhook."
Our Best Entry by a Real Candidate award goes to mayoral hopeful Gabrielle Redfern, who nominates "The Money Pimple" and notes, "I would require the Marlins to pay for future renovations to Dolphins Stadium, if that is what it will take to get the Super Bowl back here." Amen!
But, alas, we have to winnow the pages and pages of stadium rage down to our favorites. Here are our ten picks. Leave your vote in the comments, and we'll update with the winner tomorrow.
One lucky nicknamer gets tickets to the Marlins-Rays series later this month, where hopefully they'll run into David Samson in the hallway and can let him know exactly what we all plan to call his new taxpayer-funded palace.
- El Estadio de los Douches
- Candle'Shaft Park
- The Shit Tank
- The Money Diaz Pit
- The Fishstank
- The Squander Yonder
- Tropicorrupto Field
- Loan Shark Aquarium
- Recall Ballpark
- The Dong Dome
While Miami votes on a winner, don't forget to check out our feature story on the six biggest lies about the new stadium.
Keep Miami New Times Free... Since we started Miami New Times, it has been defined as the free, independent voice of Miami, and we would like to keep it that way. Offering our readers free access to incisive coverage of local news, food and culture. Producing stories on everything from political scandals to the hottest new bands, with gutsy reporting, stylish writing, and staffers who've won everything from the Society of Professional Journalists' Sigma Delta Chi feature-writing award to the Casey Medal for Meritorious Journalism. But with local journalism's existence under siege and advertising revenue setbacks having a larger impact, it is important now more than ever for us to rally support behind funding our local journalism. You can help by participating in our "I Support" membership program, allowing us to keep covering Miami with no paywalls.

domain: politics


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Tourism and leisure
Top chef Wilson lined up for Virgin Hotels city launch
Virgin Hotels Edinburgh, which is due to open next month, has stepped up its key appointments by hiring globally-experienced Steven Wilson as executive chef of its Commons Club.
A native of the city, Mr Wilson has almost 30 years’ experience in the hospitality industry with previous roles at a number of notable five-star hotels and award-winning restaurants.
Mr Wilson helped open the Lowry Hotel in Manchester and also worked at the Soneva Fushi in the Maldives. He also has extensive experience working in the Middle East and South East Asia with the renowned Six Senses Resorts and Spas.
The capital will be home to Virgin’s first UK hotel in the historic India Buildings in the Old Town and it will feature a number of dining and drinking outlets.
The hotel site is also home to a 19th century church, now known as Greyfriars Hall, in Cowgate that has been fully restored and repurposed as a special event venue. In addition, the hotel will offer guests a rooftop sanctuary with unobstructed view of the castle.
Mr Wilson said: “After years of travelling the world and working in some unforgettable restaurants and hotels, I’m so excited to be back in my hometown and to be part of this iconic opening in Edinburgh.”
Virgin Hotels Edinburgh opens on 1 June and will be followed by the launch of Virgin Hotels Glasgow.

domain: news


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The lovely Paulina Vega (Miss Colombia) won this year’s Miss Universe crown.
The $300,000 crown is designed after the skyline of Manhattan, where Vega will reign for one year.
“My whole life I have dreamed to live in New York City and now I am living the dream,” Vega says. “I love to walk the streets and see the movements and the vibe of the city.”
Paulina Vega is 22 years old, comes from Barranquilla and is a business administration student at the Universidad Javeriana in Bogota.
Vega conquered the jury’s heart at the 63rd annual Miss Universe Pageant in Miami, Florida, where she beat out 87 other beauties from around the world.
“I want to demonstrate that it is not the most important thing to be beautiful and have a glamorous life. It’s about feeling beautiful, become an intelligent, professional, hardworking woman with a great heart. That is the example I want to set,” she confessed.

domain: artistic


BlockchainDB: querable and immutable database. With the rise of a series of crypto-currencies, such as Bitcoin and Ether, the underlying blockchain technology has received more and more attention. The blockchain is known as the characteristics of decentralization and immutability. Ethereum utilizes the blockchain technology to build the next generation decentralized application platform. BigchainDB combines blockchain technology with traditional distributed databases, and uses the federal based voting to improve the traditional PoW mechanism and finally improves the system’s scalability and throughput. However, the existing blockchain system mostly stores transaction information with a fixed-form. Although there are data fields in each transaction, the existing blockchain system cannot directly query the specific details within the data fields of the transaction data from the blockchain data. To query the specific details of the data field, it must query the transaction first with the Hash value of the transaction to get the complete information of the transaction, and then retrieve the details in the transaction data. This mechanism has a low operability of data and a lack of query functions of the traditional database. This study first proposes a framework of blockchain database system, which applies blockchain technology to distributed data management. Then, an immutable index is proposed based on Hash functions. According to the index, the data in the block can be quickly retrieved to implement the query processing in the blockchain. Finally, experiments are designed to test the database’s read/write performance. The experimental results show that the immutable index has good read/write performance while ensuring immutability.


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Statement of the Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees of North Kansas City Hospital today filed a motion in Clay County Circuit Court to prevent the city of North Kansas City from proceeding with its plan to change the composition of the hospital’s Board of Trustees and to block the city from any attempt to sell the hospital during the pending litigation.
This motion is necessary following the city’s announcement in the media – made hours after the city’s notice to the hospital – that the city plans to appoint several new Trustees to the hospital’s Board. The city’s announcement necessitated the court’s intervention and triggered the termination of a previous agreement between the hospital and the city under which the city had agreed to cease actions to sell the hospital while the question of proper authority to sell is decided by the courts. The hospital’s motion requests that Judge Shane Alexander issue an injunction or other preliminary relief to prevent the city from packing the hospital’s Board and to protect the hospital from being sold while this matter is judicially determined.
“The purpose of the motion is to protect our community hospital and to preserve the continuity of our Board while we seek judicial confirmation that state law does not give the city the authority to sell the hospital,” said Peggy Schmitt, President & CEO of North Kansas City Hospital. If the motion is granted, the hospital’s existing Trustees will continue to serve the hospital throughout the litigation.
“Our Trustees are very experienced in healthcare governance and are knowledgeable about the challenges facing healthcare,” said Michael Montgomery, M.D., Chairman of the Board of Trustees. “We have been working on healthcare reform issues at the Board level and within our organization for some time. Appointing ‘several new members’ disregards the statutory requirement that the terms of the Trustees be staggered, and harms the continuity of the Board and its initiatives,” said Montgomery.
While Chapter 96 of the Missouri Revised Statutes authorizes the city to appoint members to the hospital’s Board of Trustees, the city has not appointed a new Trustee since 2009, despite vacancies on the Board. The city’s sudden decision to appoint several new members causes the hospital concern that the city may attempt to interfere with the Board’s reasoned decision to oppose the sale of the hospital, which the city expressed an intention to do when it indicated its desire to exit the healthcare business.
About North Kansas City Hospital: For 55 years, North Kansas City Hospital has been at the forefront of providing medical care in the Northland. The Hospital is an acute-care facility with 451-licensed beds with specialties in cardiac care, oncology, women’s health, orthopedics and emergency services. They provide a full continuum of care from the highest level of neonatal intensive care to award-winning cardiovascular and orthopedic programs to home health and hospice. The medical staff includes over 550 physicians representing 49 medical specialties. North Kansas City Hospital is the first hospital in Missouri and one of only a few hospitals in the country to receive the Mission: Lifeline Heart Attack Receiving Center accreditation from the American Heart Association. In addition, the Hospital is an accredited Level III Chest Pain Center by the Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, a major trauma center for emergency care and rated as one of the busiest adult/pediatric emergency departments in Kansas City. For more information, contact North Kansas City Hospital at 2800 Clay Edwards Dr., North Kansas City, MO 64116, on the web at nkch.org, at 816-691-2000 or follow the Hospital on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.


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domain: entertainment


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By Gene Robbins, Managing Editor
Ann Harris, Democratic candidate for Township Committee, is calling for a public-private partnership to find a way to save the Duke family’s main residence on the 2,300-acre arboreal property in the northern part of the township.
The Duke Foundation has filed for permission to demolish the residence, which was the home of tobacco and energy magnate James Buchannan (Buck) Duke and later was bequeathed to his daughter, Doris, who became famous for philanthropy, love of art and in preserving the environment.
Ms. Harris said the Doris Duke mansion “is not the ordinary Hillsborough home, but a rare and precious part of the history of Hillsborough Township.”
She said she hoped the Historic Commission would see the project as an opportunity to display a part of Hillsborough’s history. If environmental methods and materials were used in the restoration, she said, the public would learn history, science and Ms. Duke’s love for the environment.
At the July 30 meeting, the foundation requested and received permission for a new roof for the Coach Barn, which is planned to be renovated and used as a conference center.
“If there are conferences lasting over days, the Doris Duke Home could be used as a bed-and-breakfast facility to complement the conference center,” Ms. Harris said. “This would create jobs for folks in the area, maintain that someone is watching over the Manor house to prevent any vandalism and display stewardship for the land by restoring the existing structure using green building techniques.”
If one million people have visited Duke Farms since it converted the cattle barn into a visitor center as part of a $45 million update to the total property, the restoration of the Country Manor Home would only increase the population of visitors slightly, because they are on the same property, which is open for environmental exploration and self-guided activities.
“Worrying about over-populating the property is a stretch with 2,740 acres to explore,” Ms. Harris said. The home doesn’t have to qualify for the National Registry of Historical Homes since that what would tend to increase the number of visitors, which the foundation seems to want to deter, she said.
Ms. Harris said the Historic Preservation Committee has an obligation to consider the extent to which the retention of home “would promote the general welfare by maintaining and increasing the real estate values, generating business, creating new jobs, attracting tourists, students, writers, historians, artist and artisans, attracting new residents, encouraging study and interest in American history and the history of Hillsborough Township; stimulating interest in the study of architecture and design, educating citizens in American cultural heritage or making the municipality a more attractive and desirable place to live.”
Ms. Harris said, in her reading of the history of Doris Duke and the Country Manor home, “It would seem to me that she loved this estate as her residence for entertaining and hospitality while displaying environmental interest as an importance to her guests. This estate was the place where she died and most people when they are near death request to be home rather that in another facility.
“I do not think Doris Duke, as a lady of wealth, who repaired and restored china and porcelain in her hobby workroom, would have wanted her Country Manor Home demolished, regardless of how the foundation interprets her will,” Ms. Harris said. “Architectural restoration was one of her interests. She left subtle hints to those who knew her that she cared deeply for restoration and preservation:
“She left the original foundation overlooking the lakes and great lawn that her father had built intact, when she could have had it filled in.
“She utilized the old hay barn as a garden for life-size statues when she could have had the stone walls demolished after the 1919 fire had destroyed the old hay barn.
“She converted the soil shed at the 1917 Conservatory into a visitor center for the greenhouse displays, which was an adaptive reuse of a historic structure.”
She said challenges with restoration could be overcome.
Many school buildings have had asbestos removed and still exist and are used for the public today. Many homes in Hillsborough experience mold remediation and that should not be a detrimental issue, she said.
Ms. Harris said testimony on July 30 was intended to prove the building is not of historical or architectural significance to the township, but it left the opposite impression on her.
“For me her presentation strengthened the importance of the Country Manor home as significantly important to the township historically and architecturally, which would immediately discourage and prohibit demolition,” said Ms. Harris.
According to architectural historian Emily Cooperman’s testimony, the addition of different wings to the Manor during different periods of time does not qualify the structure as displaying historic or architectural significance to qualify for the National Register.
“In my opinion as an educator, it shows the progression of history and architecture over time,” said Ms. Harris. “To me that is significant. Many people put additions or update their living conditions to reflect changes in their existing environmental habitats.”
Ms. Harris said the fact that the Duke Foundation did not maintain the upkeep of this home after Doris Duke’s death in 1993 does not mean that it cannot be restored.
“As interpreted in her will by a foundation of mostly men who rule the pursestrings of her estates, (foundation executive director Michael) Mr. Catania stated the foundation could not find a use for the building that would meet their mission statement,” she said.
At the Hillsborough Historical Preservation Committee meeting on July 30, Ms. Harris said she offered her background in grant writing to help seek money or create a partnership to help preserve the country manor home.
She said Mr. Catania “refused to honor my request to meet, saying it would be a waste of his time as well as mine.”
Ms. Harris said she was a teacher who was instrumental in helping Duke Farms win an award for outstanding environmental education presented by the Alliance for New Jersey Environmental Education in 2007.
By Gene Robbins, Managing Editor


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The Toyota Corolla is a front-wheel drive five-passenger compact sedan, well-known for being reliable and economical, yet refined and comfortable. The Corolla comes in three trims: Base, S, and LE. The powertrain is a 132 horsepower, 1.8-liter dual VVT-I engine, matched with a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission. All models come standard with front, side-impact and side-curtain airbags, ABS with brake assist, and whiplash protecting front seat active head restraints. Air conditioning and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) with Traction Control are standard on all models. Available features include cruise control, 16-inch wheels, fog lamps, and a tilt-and-slide power moonroof. The 2013 Toyota Corolla is a carryover from 2012.
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We are better off today than four years ago
To the Editor:
Gary Allen's recent letter to the editor expounds the mantra heard often in Mitt Romney's stump speeches. His repeated refrain is: "Are you better off than you were four years ago?" The expected response is no; the true response is, of course, yes. We are stunningly better off in 2012 than in 2008.
In 2008, President George W. Bush left behind an America in dire economic straits and with a degraded international reputation. On President Barrack Obama's inauguration day, the United States was in a downward financial spiral brought on by predatory lending, legally sanctioned greed, an economic policy geared towards the priorities of the 1 percent, and deregulation that began with Ronald Reagan's " trickle" down fiscal philosophy.
In Bush's last year in office alone, over 2 1/2 million jobs were lost - up from 3/4 of a million jobs a month. The GDP shrank at a rate of 9 percent per month. Housing, credit markets, and the stock market collapsed-and with them the retirement prospects of millions. Remember foreclosures, ubiquitous evictions, foundering banks, and a practically bankrupt auto industry? America was in a crisis of historic dimensions with global ramifications.
In addition, the United States was conducting a grinding and unnecessary war in Iraq that killed 100,000 Iraqis, 4,000 Americans and at a staggering proportions. Furthermore, the political and moral damage of the Bush-Cheney con game in rushing America into war has rivaled the conflict's price in blood and treasure. And Osama Bin Laden remained alive and well through it all.
Cannot Allen and Romney see that we are better off in 2012 than we were in 2008? All of this positive change exists today due to President Obama's leadership. Only a very smart, caring and pro-America leader could have pulled us back from the 2008 chaos that we were in.
Moreover, President Obama did all this despite the obstructionism engineered by Virginia's Eric Cantor in the House of Representatives and Mitch McConnell in the Senate. Those two men had one goal: helped destroy America by defeating Obama's major initiatives. Let America implode.
We need to re-elect a president who has been progressive, competent, rational, decent, and, at times, visionary. It is a serious matter. The president has achieved a run of ambitious legislative, social, and foreign policy successes that relieved a large measure of the human suffering and national shame inflicted by the Bush administration. Obama has renewed the honor of the office he holds. He must be re-elected.
J. Lawrence McLaughlin

domain: economics


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The moment you have started working on your dissertation, you would realize that you would need to do thorough research on the topic you have chosen. You would need to go through several books penned by variegated authors in order to get information relevant to your dissertation. Your ground opinions would be formed by the primary points that you choose from different authors works. Here are some questions to ask when researching for a dissertation.
Analysis of the text
While reading books or articles, you should ask certain questions that are important for forming the basis of the analysis of the text. Some of the questions that will help you in the analysis of the texts are as follows:
What could be the central idea of the author?
What could be the purpose behind the writing of this piece of text?
What could be the intended target audience of the author?
What could be the different arguments the author makes use of to prove his point?
What could be the evidence that the author makes use of to prove his point?
What could be the primary prejudices or assumptions of the author?
Evaluate the author ideas
After reading the text and analyzing it, the next thing to do would be to evaluate the ideas of the author. Here are some questions that will help you evaluate the author ideas.
Are the arguments of the author logical?
Is the matter written by the author easy to read, well organised, and clear?
Does the matter written by the author present any opposing viewpoints?
Are the facts presented by the author factual and correct?
Has the author given enough evidence for each of the arguments presented by him?
Does the text that has been used by the author help you to understand the subject without any problems or hassles?

domain: library


This site blog group project is created to fulfill the requirement in the course outline of the subject Introduction to Nuclear Technology [MEHB513]. You can just drop your comment for any discussion. Thank you.
Peace No War!
Nuclear Video Bar
Sunday, 7 August 2011
First we are going to look into the structure itself, where it will be built. Basically NPP will be built at much more deeper level below the land compared to other structures. The main reason behind this move is too minimise the seismic vibration caused by earthquakes. Whenever there is a presence strong earth quake, the NPP opeartion will be SCRAMed ( will be shutdown immediately ASAP). But at the first stage of selecting place for NPPs, we would look for areas which not prone to earthquekes. This explains, the extra safety measures that a NPP pose in order to overcome problems related to earthquakes. Picture below depicts the earthquake safety measures at a NPP.
Secondly, we would look into the most afraid form of attack, which is the plane crash. Eventhough, we believe one would not make such attack upon a NPP because it will somehow reflect to them back but we don't know how human changes. So let's get prepared for such attack. Talking about plane crashes, in order to fully convert the force of plane at certain speed, it need larger medium. Let's compare the size of Empire State Building and a NPP. Empire State Building collapsed due to its larger size where it absorbed the energy from the planes, while NPP has smaller size and it would not absorbs much energy and the containment wall is strong enough to withstand a plane crash onto it. Here is a link where you can find the facts about it.http://www.nei.org/newsandevents/aircraftcrashbreach/
Thirdly, we would look into the cooling towers and also the tertiary water pump system. Basically, they are made for one main function. Which is to cool the water vapor from turbine and feed it into the reactor. At colling tower, these vapors are condensed at normal temperature in a open space, where it might appear like dangerous gases coming out from the cooling tower. well, actually they are just water vapors.....
If there is no presence of cooling tower, the vapor will be cooled at nearby sea or river. But, the question is will the heat liberated to the nearby sea or river will threaten the living organism there? for example, if the heat from the NPP gives rise to the sea water temperature, it will kill the microorganism which is the food source for fishes. But research shows that, heat exchanged from the NPP will not harm underwater creatures.


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Category Archives: Carole Chambers
Chambers, Carole. She Draws the Rain. 2013. Thistledown Press. Saskatoon, SK, Canada ISBN 978-1-927068-42-7
Review by Theresa Wolfwood Chamber’s latest of five volumes of poems expresses her enduring passion for the people and land she loves so deeply. “She Draws the Rain” is her finest collection yet with poems that speak powerfully to our connection to nature and our human environment. Many of her poems are rooted in her island life surrounded by the Salish Sea, but her feelings for people and particularly for her mother as she leaves this world are heart rending and universal in their understanding of loss – even before Read more [...]
Chambers, Carole. Still Life Under The Occupation. & Echolocation. 2002. Thistledown Press. Saskatoon, SK 1988. Quadrant Editions. Toronto, ON & 2002. Thistledown Press, Saskatoon, SK.
“…any every tide teaches the lesson/impressions of water on sand/and then erases it/ to make this garden/you must stay here.” from Garden in sand. P 19 - Still Life under the Occupation. The best of poetry is rooted in place and passion; for Carole Chambers her passion is the place. She lives and writes on an island off the east coast of Vancouver Island. Hornby Island is a very special place of sea and ever changing sky and lush green and secret crannies. I live there part time and first met Carole at her day job in the post office. She Read more [...]


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Introduction Colin Ferguson was convicted of the December 7, 1993 shooting of 25 people aboard the Long Island Rail Road commuter train out of Penn Station at Merillon Avenue station in Garden City, New York, New York. He killed six and wounded nineteen before being stopped by three of the passengers: Kevin Blum, Mark McEntee, and Mike O'Connor. Ferguson's trial was notable for a number of unusual developments, including his firing of his defense counsel and insisting on representing himself and examining himself as a live witness. Before the trial, William Kunstler and Ron Kuby attempted to argue that Ferguson was driven to mental illness through years of living in an oppressive and racist society.
In the recent news, everyone’s heard of the rise in hate crime. Most hate crime is “motivated by racial, sexual, or other prejudice, typically one involving violence,” (Dictionary.com). Hate crimes have spanned across the country and impact thousands of lives each year. The FBI started investigating hate crimes at the turn of the 20th century. The FBI define hate crime as, “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity,” (FBI). The discussion of hate crime has been very delicate over the past few months, from ISIS to police brutality. In this paper situations involving hate crime will be discussed such as the background; history of hate crime like the holocaust; special groups and genders that get “hated” on such as blacks, Hispanics, Muslims, and Jews; examples of hate crime; prominent figures like Donald Trump and his anti- Muslim and anti-immigrant policies as well as news pieces of hate crime; groups for and against other races like the black lives matter movement; statistics of hate crime and hate groups in the U.S.; the argument that
Hate crimes do not say they only protect black people, or transgender people. They protect every sexuality. It would not just protect homosexuals or bisexuals, it would also protect heterosexuals. If a crime was committed against a heterosexual, because they were heterosexual, then the hate crime laws would apply to them as well. We are not saying one group of people is more important than another.
Hate crimes have been a long-lasting reality in the United States beginning in the nation’s history with eradicating Native American populations, slavery, and xenophobia. As a result, forty-five states have adopted hate crime laws to combat organized hate groups from preying upon the most vulnerable groups in society. Hate crime laws provide special protections to the groups that are most frequently targeted by hate crimes including African Americans, LGBT, Jews, and Muslims. Although there has been much debate over what groups should be protected by hate crime laws, evidently there are groups that have been historically targeted at a much higher rate than others. Hence why most states exclude other groups that are not in as much need for protections in hate crime legislation.
Only you are in a dull back street late around evening time. All of a sudden a man rises up out of an entryway. If you are a white American and he is a youthful black man, inside of a couple of tenths of a second you will feel a fear as your brain consequently orders him. Your heart pulsates speedier and your body tenses. On this occasion, nothing happens. He looks at you and moves away from you. You still walk on, feeling stupid for reasons for fear construct just with respect to his enrollment in a racial group. Tension and suspicion between gatherings—whether, taking into account racial, ethnic, religious, or some other distinction—fuel a significant part of the world 's viciousness. The United States of America is a multicultural country.
Hate Crime is a “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity.” If an African American commits the same crime as an Caucasian it is more likely for the black person to be charged and arrested due to the racial issues we have today. There are many pros and cons towards the issue of racial crime, but hate crime is still a very difficult issue for our country to overcome. In order to overcome the issue of hate crime it would require changing legislation, public and police attitudes.
looks at how it ultimately affects society and targeted groups. There are a myriad of arguments for and against the allowance of hate speech. Some citing Democracy and the first amendment others stem from the fear of eroded freedoms of expression and have valid points, but ultimately, it corrodes society’s human rights and freedoms. The two fold issue being intolerance of the freedom of self-determination and the fact that some are born a color or culture and have no choice. Therefore, hate speech is anti-social and damaging to society as a whole. While politicians can control the masses through society, they can always manipulate their agendas using such tactics against the population.
According to the congress, a hate crime is a “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation.” (2015, January 07). Hate Crime—Overview. FBI. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov
According to Gerstenfeld, hate crimes “may or may not include sexual orientation, gender, national origin, physical or mental disability, age, or political affiliation.” Some argue that every group should be protected by hate crime legislation, but this runs the risk of watering down the significance of such protections. The groups that are most frequently targeted by hate crimes including African Americans, gays and lesbians, Jews, and Muslims should be prioritized over other groups. Historically, the most targeted groups in the United States are African Americans, LGBT community, Jews, and Muslims. These groups are undoubtedly in the most need for protections provided by hate crime laws.
Sakia Gunn was a fifteen-year-old black teen who was violently targeted for a murdering due to her identifying as a lesbian. Leah Lakshmi realized the magnitude of this hate crime and used it as a platform to bring awareness to the situation. There has been and currently exists a structural problem that consistently harms people of color. Historically hate crimes were blatant, showing up as lynchings and other publicly violent portrayals. However, recently hate crimes have become more invisible.
-Hate crimes, are not justifiable the reason why is because they’re, ‘bias.’ The definition of a ‘Hate Crime’ on page 604 is defined as “a bias related crime, committed against an individual that is motivated by bias regarding race, color, religion, disability, and sexual orientation.” Committing a crime just because of the color, sexuality, religion, or disability of a person isn’t justifiable. The reason why it’s not justifiable is because, the person committing the hate crime wouldn’t want someone else, to commit such an act towards themself.
Furthermore, those who reported fair treatment during encounters with law enforcement had fewer symptoms of PTSD and anxiety. In addition to the mental health symptoms of individuals who have encounters with law enforcement, those who witness these events directly or indirectly may also be impacted negatively. In an attempt to capture how racism and discrimination negatively impacts the physical and mental health of people of color, many scholars have coined the term “racial trauma” or race-based traumatic stress. Racial trauma may result from racial harassment, witnessing racial violence, or experiencing institutional racism (Bryant-Davis, & Ocampo, 2006; Comas-Díaz, 2016). The trauma may result in experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, feelings of humiliation, poor concentration, or
Even a decade after 9/11 Muslims still received hate threats, such as, burning the holy Koran on the anniversary of 9/11 and vandalizing Mosques. According to “Gendered Islamophobia: Hate Crime Against Muslim Women” “In Ann Arbor, Michigan, on August 7, 2011, a motorist pulled up to a 21-year-old Palestinian woman while she was stopped at a red light and screamed racial epithets, yelling, ‘You’re a terrorist,’ and, ‘Your people need to be killed,’ before pointing a handgun at her” (Perry 84). These types of scenarios are happening all throughout the US today. Disha et al. , states, while racially and ethically motivated hate crimes declined after 9/11, the number of Arab/Muslim hate crimes dramatically increased (40).
For people to show up and make their support present. One student spoke about the fear that marginalized groups deal with everyday due to recent events involving hate. She said acts like these must stop. In Barbara Perry’s article, Hate Crimes, she talks about America’s color-coded society. She explains that whiteness has been constructed to be the normal American standard.
Or even more strikingly, nearly half of all hate crimes committed in America have to do with race.(FBI, 2016). As we can see, although there is no obviously racism like massacre happens nowadays, the racial discrimination phenomena is like a dirty mud which has split to many tiny pieces hiding in the corner of our

domain: sociology


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Full Text - Research in Cardiovascular Medicine
Res Cardiovasc Med. 2015 May; 4(2): e25223.
Published online 2015 May 23.
Mid-Ventricular Variant of Dobutamine-Induced Stress Cardiomyopathy
Satish Chandraprakasam ; Swapna Kanuri ; Claire Hunter
1Division of Cardiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
*Corresponding author: Satish Chandraprakasam, Division of Cardiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. Tel: +1-2245326843, Fax: +1-4022805967,
E-mail: [email protected]
Received: November 9, 2014; Revised: January 3, 2015; Accepted: January 15, 2015
Introduction: Dobutamine stress testing is a commonly used modality in detecting and estimating the prognosis in coronary artery
disease (CAD). Although it is well tolerated by most patients, adverse events have been reported. Rarely, transient wall motion abnormalities
can occur in the absence of obstructive CAD to suggest stress cardiomyopathy.
Case Presentation: We report a 48-year-old female with intermittent chest pain. Her physical exam, cardiac enzymes and transthoracic
echocardiogram were unremarkable. She underwent dobutamine stress echocardiogram to rule out obstructive CAD. After 40 micrograms
(mcg)/kg/minute and 0.5 mg atropine, she complained of intense chest pain and became hypertensive. Stress echocardiogram
demonstrated mid-anterior and mid-septal hypokinesis. Emergent coronary angiogram demonstrated normal coronaries. Left
ventricular angiogram in the right anterior oblique projection revealed mid-ventricular ballooning during systole with apical and basal
hypercontractility. Patient demonstrated excellent recovery with expectant management.
Conclusions: The mechanism of mid-variant of Dobutamine-induced stress cardiomyopathy remains unclear. We think that multiple
mechanisms are involved and this risk should be considered in patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions and with use of centrally
Keywords: Cardiomyopathy; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy; Echocardiography, Stress
Dobutamine in combination with echocardiogram
or perfusion imaging is considered a reliable modality
of pharmacological stress testing in patients unable to
exercise, due to its safety profile, good sensitivity and
specificity (1). Common adverse effects include nausea,
palpitations, headache and anxiety. Angina can occur in
about 1 - 2% of patients. Most arrhythmias are mild and
attributable to premature atrial complex, premature
ventricular complex, and paroxysmal supraventricular
tachyarrhythmias. Rarely, hemodynamically significant
ventricular arrhythmias can occur (2). Although hypertension is expected with high doses of dobutamine infusion, especially in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, hypotension may occur. Hypotension that occurs
due to stimulation of beta-2 receptor stimulation in peripheral vessels does not carry the same adverse prognostic significance like exercise-induced hypotension. A variety of transient wall motion abnormalities, commonly
involving the apex have been described. To the best of our
knowledge, this is the first report of an isolated mid-ventricular variant of stress cardiomyopathy occurring in a
female patient during dobutamine infusion.
2. Case Presentation
A 48-year-old Caucasian female presented for evaluation
of intermittent chest pain of 6 months duration. Past
history included asthma, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, nephrolithiasis, and diabetes insipidus. Her
medications included aspirin, lithium carbonate, methylphenidate, lurasidone, temazepam, alprazolam, desmopressin, fluticasone-salmeterol inhaler and albuterol
inhaler. She had tobacco smoking for many years. She
denied alcohol or recreational drug abuse. Her vital signs
and cardiopulmonary exam upon admission were within
normal limits. She was assessed for acute coronary syndrome with serial cardiac biomarkers and serial electrocardiograms (ECG) that were unremarkable. 2D echocardiogram demonstrated normal left ventricular ejection
fraction (LVEF) without regional wall motion abnormalities at rest. Dobutamine stress echocardiogram was performed to rule out obstructive coronary artery disease.
Her baseline blood pressure (BP) was 104/64 mmHg and
heart rate (HR) was 60 beats per minute (bpm). Peak dobutamine dose was 40 micrograms (mcg)/kg/minute.
In addition, 0.5 mg atropine was administered during
the test. After 16 minutes of dobutamine infusion, she
complained of intense chest pain. Her BP was 214/100
mmHg and HR was 107 bpm. Stress ECG demonstrated
sinus rhythm with transient left anterior fascicular block
and run of ventricular bigeminy, which resolved after
sublingual nitroglycerin and discontinuation of dobutamine infusion. Stress echocardiogram demonstrated
Copyright © 2015, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.
Chandraprakasam S et al.
Figure 1. Apical 4-Chamber View Showing the Mid-Septal Hypokinesis During Peak Stress
Figure 2. Apical 2-Chamber View Showing Mid-Anterior Hypokinesis During Peak Stress
Res Cardiovasc Med. 2015;4(2):e25223
Chandraprakasam S et al.
Figure 3. A, Left Ventriculogram Showing Appearance of Left Ventricle During Diastole; B, Left Ventriculogram Showing Mid-Ventricular Ballooning With
Apical and Basal Segment Hypercontractility During Systole
mid-anterior and mid-septal hypokinesis with reduction
in LVEF (Figures 1 and 2, Videos 1 and 2). Peak Troponin I
(Tn I) level was 0.41 ng/mL. Emergent coronary angiogram demonstrated normal coronaries. LV angiogram in
the right anterior oblique projection revealed mid-ventricular ballooning during systole with apical and basal
hypercontractility (Figure 3A and 3 B, Video 3). Patient was
treated with metoprolol tartrate, lisinopril and methylphenidate was discontinued. Tn I level trended down
and her chest pain resolved. Follow-up echocardiogram
24 hours later demonstrated complete recovery of LV systolic function. She was discharged with beta-blockers.
Dobutamine-induced stress cardiomyopathy (DiSC)
predominantly affects postmenopausal females and has
a predilection for apical region similar to the classical Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Basal variant of DiSC has also
been reported (3). Here in, we reported a rare occurrence
of isolated mid-ventricular ballooning with apical and
basal hyperkinesis during dobutamine stress testing.
Mechanism of dobutamine induced wall motion abnormality in the absence of obstructive epicardial disease
is unclear. Several theories have been postulated including multivessel coronary vasospasm, severe systemic
hypertension, systolic anterior motion leading to mitral
regurgitation and dynamic intracavity pressure gradient
secondary to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or
mid cavity obstruction (4, 5). In a systematic review, 90%
of study population had hypertension, hyperlipidemia
and smoking as predisposing risk factors (6). Other comorbidities known to predispose include subarachnoid
hemorrhage, following right ventricle outflow tract radiofrequency ablation and orthotopic heart transplantaRes Cardiovasc Med. 2015;4(2):e25223
tion (7-9). In our case, we believe that the following factors
contributed to the development of DiSC in our patient.
First, patient’s age, female gender and psychiatric conditions certainly predisposed her for stress cardiomyopathy (10). Second, smoking is known to increase the risk
of coronary vasospasms and microvascular dysfunction.
Third, centrally acting stimulants and beta-receptor agonists such as inhalers could lead to excessive sympathetic
activity, thereby increasing her susceptibility to stress
cardiomyopathy (11). Finally, parasympathetic withdrawal with atropine administration leads to imbalance in
sympathetic-parasympathetic activity (7). Complete recovery is the rule, as seen in this case. We suggest bearing in mind DiSC while considering options for ischemia
evaluation in patients with aforementioned risks factors,
particularly comorbid psychiatric conditions and use of
centrally acting stimulants.
We would like to thank Dr. Priya Dharishini Vejayan for
preparation and formatting of the manuscript.
Pinton R, Lemke W, Garcia LG. [Symptoms, complications and hemodynamic changes related to dobutamine stress echocardiography]. Arq Bras Cardiol. 1997;69(3):161–4.
Akashi YJ, Nakazawa K, Kida K, Ryu S, Takagi A, Kishi R, et al. Reversible ventricular dysfunction (takotsubo cardiomyopathy)
following polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Can J Cardiol.
Chia PL, Lee E. Reverse Takotsubo pattern stress cardiomyopathy
in a male patient induced during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2012;41(6):264.
Silberbauer J, Hong P, Lloyd GW. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (left
ventricular ballooning syndrome) induced during dobutamine
stress echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008;9(1):136–8.
Previtali M, Camporotondo R, Repetto A, Panigada S. Dobuta-
Chandraprakasam S et al.
mine stress echocardiography for assessing the role of dynamic
intraventricular obstruction in left ventricular ballooning syndrome. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2010;8:11.
Chandraprakasam S, Alla VM, Mooss AN, Hunter CB, Chandraprakasam S. Dobutamine stress testing induced transient cardiomyopathy: A systematic review. Int J Cardiol Heart Vessels.
Hasdemir C, Yavuzgil O, Simsek E, Ulucan C, Cinar CS. Stress cardiomyopathy (Tako-Tsubo) following radiofrequency ablation in
the right ventricular outflow tract. Europace. 2008;10(12):1452–4.
Saito R, Takahashi T, Noshita N, Narisawa A, Negi K, Takei K, et al.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by dobutamine infusion
during hypertensive therapy for symptomatic vasospasm after
subarachnoid hemorrhage -case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo).
Gastwirth VG, Yang HS, Steidley DE, Scott RL, Chandrasekaran K. Dobutamine stress-induced cardiomyopathy in an orthotopic heart
transplant patient. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009;28(9):968–70.
Eitel I, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Bernhardt P, Carbone I,
Muellerleile K, Aldrovandi A, et al. Clinical characteristics and
cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. JAMA. 2011;306(3):277–86.
Abraham J, Mudd JO, Kapur NK, Klein K, Champion HC, Wittstein
IS. Stress cardiomyopathy after intravenous administration of
catecholamines and beta-receptor agonists. J Am Coll Cardiol.
Res Cardiovasc Med. 2015;4(2):e25223

domain: literature


It’s hard to say, because the political and media world is only now getting a grasp on the scope of the story.
However, Petraeus has followed the crisis PR textbook, according to several public relations professionals.
Unlike when elected officials resign in disgrace and seem to drag it on for weeks with denials and tearful press conferences—see: Anthony Wiener—the retired Army general issued a statement that identified the reason for his stepping down (an extramarital affair) and owned up to it.
“I’ve got to give him credit for exercising military precision and immediately stepping down when he made the affair public,” said Gil Rudawsky, a crisis PR counselor (and PR Daily contributor).
The affair with his biographer is an unfortunate turn—not to mention a family tragedy—for a public servant who may have had presidential aspirations, but the way in which he handled the resignation hit on key crisis PR points.
Whether that minimizes the fallout from the news is another story.
Dropping bad news on a Friday
During a relatively quiet afternoon on Friday—with the media and the public recovering from the long 2012 presidential election—Petraeus issued his resignation as director of the CIA. It began:
“Yesterday afternoon, I went to the White House and asked the President to be allowed, for personal reasons, to resign from my position as D/CIA. After being married for over 37 years, I showed extremely poor judgment by engaging in an extramarital affair. Such behavior is unacceptable, both as a husband and as the leader of an organization such as ours. This afternoon, the president graciously accepted my resignation.”As the world would soon learn, Petraeus—the architect of the military surge in Iraq—had carried on an affair with his biographer, Paula Broadwell. The FBI uncovered the affair after Broadwell sent a threatening email to a close friend of the Petraeus family.
Rudawsky says the statement issued by Petraeus is well crafted and offers the right amount of facts and contrition.
“At least, he mitigated some of the fallout and finger-pointing, as details of the affair and subsequent investigation blow up in the media and political circles,” he said.
Plus, it dropped around 3 p.m. EST on Friday—a classic tactic of government officials and politicians, said Jackson Wightman, a former press aide to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper (before he was prime minister).
“The theory is that Friday afternoons, even early evenings, are a great time to put out news that you’re trying to bury, because journalists are thinking about the weekend—they want to get the hell out of the newsroom,” explained Wightman, who is also a PR Daily contributing editor.
Audiences, too, have their minds on the weekend. Moreover, Saturday newspapers are notoriously short on available space, and newsroom staffs are busy filling three editions—the Saturday through Monday papers.
Although social media has blunted the effectiveness of the Friday afternoon disclosure, it remains a popular PR move by government officials.
Wightman, Rudawsky, and others interviewed by PR Daily used the term “military-like” to describe Petraeus’s handling of the news.
“From a very operational point of view, the guy has done a pretty good job,” said Wightman. “He’s gone, and he’s actually gone. He’s not in front of reporters going off message. It’s very surgical. It’s very in keeping with Petraeus.”
Wightman even suggested that by releasing all of the details of his resignation—that is, not simply saying he’s stepping down for “personal matters”—Petraeus put crisis communications above protecting his family.
“Releasing the details kind of ends the story—it’s a proactive approach,” he said. “It could be construed as more hurtful to his family, but it’s definitely a way to manage the reporting around it.”
This crisis has only begun
Despite his high marks for releasing the bad news, others aren’t so sure Petraeus’s military-like precision is going to make this thing go away.
“The devil on this matter is going to be in the details, and we’re only just at the start of this crisis cycle,” said Hinda Mitchell, vice president at CMA, a national public relations agency based in Kansas City. “This is not just a simple extramarital affair. What began as a moral breach is now being characterized as a precursor to evidence of a possible national security breach.”
The timing of the incident raises more questions than it does answers, Mitchell says.
The White House claims it learned of the affair on Wednesday—one day after the general election. However, media accounts suggest the FBI was making noise about the affair for a good while before the administration learned of it.
Plus, Petraeus was scheduled to testify before congress about the Sept. 11, 2012, killing of U.S. officials in Libya, but his successor Acting CIA Director Michael Morell will do so instead. Members of Congress are pressing for Petraeus to testify despite his resignation.
"What you want in a crisis is a well-controlled, contained response,” Mitchell said. “Because new developments are being announced with increasing frequency, it’s hard for the communicators to get in front of the story, and it’s swiftly becoming a runaway train.”
There’s also the matter of another public official, or powerful executive, thinking his private affair wouldn’t go public. Even worse, the person at the center of this private dalliance is in charge of the nation’s clandestine operations.
Or as Rudawsky put it, “The head of a spy agency might have known better.”


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|Big Daddy's Kitchen|
|Big Daddy's Cooking with Attitude||
Autumn Dinner Salad
Chiqui, a wonderful cyber friend from a favorite cook's discussion forum shared this recipe from a friend of hers. It's a marvelous blend of flavors and textures, and has become a family favorite. Serve this along with Yucatan Carrot Soup, another recipe from the same trusted source, add fresh crunchy bread and it's all you'll need for an "impress your friends" meal.
Mixed salad greens (Chiqui recommends romaine, leaf lettuce, Boston lettuce and radicchio)
To prepare the balsamic vinaigrette, combine the dry mustard, seasoned salt and pepper. Stir in vinegar, onion juice and garlic. Let stand 1 hour. Just before serving, pour through a wire-mesh strainer to remove garlic. Add the olive oil in a slow steady stream while whisking constantly.
To prepare salad, melt butter in skillet over medium heat. Add walnuts and brown sugar and sauté until nuts begin to soften (a couple of minutes). Remove from pan to cool.
Wash and drain lettuce. Tear into bite-size pieces and place in a large bowl. At serving time, core fruit and cut into pieces. Toss lettuce, fruit, sprouts, scallions and half the nuts and cheese with balsamic vinaigrette. Sprinkle remaining nuts and cheese over top.
Note: If you don't have bottled onion juice you can press some using a garlic press.
© Copyright Big Daddy's Kitchen 1994 - 2022

domain: food


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Global trade isn’t what it used to be, and neither is the World Trade Organization (WTO). As the WTO marks its 20th anniversary this year, it has to adapt if it wants to stay relevant.
We’re all familiar with goods labelled ‘Made in China’ or ‘Made in the US’, but today supply chains overwhelmingly cross borders. Goods are now ‘Made in the world’, so trade is no longer about one country manufacturing a product and exporting it to another. Instead we have complex, global supply chains, with many different markets collaborating together, and emerging markets in particular are at the forefront of driving world trade.
"Tariffs, the traditional preoccupation of the WTO, are hardly the only barriers to trade that need to be identified and eliminated"
Multilateralism and bilateralism are making way for plurilateralism, where small groups of nations set up mutually beneficial trade policy based on their shared interests.
The world’s regional agreements – like the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) – are already driving new patterns of trade. Other agreements are likely to continue that trend, with groups like the East African Community demonstrating how the potential of intra-Africa trade could be greater than that between Africa and the rest of world.
Corporate supply chains are also changing, with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) collectively playing a far bigger role in global value chains previously only associated with multinational companies. One result: tariffs, the traditional preoccupation of the WTO, are hardly the only barriers to trade that need to be identified and eliminated.
Private standards are an issue
Smaller companies can’t typically deal with the complexity created by local regulations such as consumer-protection laws. The emergence of ‘private standards’ – market requirements set by the private sector targeting issues like food safety or environmental impact – are also an issue.
Financing is equally critical: small and mid-sized firms need working capital but they also rely on banks to provide trade finance in cases where exporters and importers don’t know each other, yet require timely payments, risk mitigation or seamless transfer of information. Trade finance, where banks confirm or discount letters of credit or finance trade receivables also requires linking such financial institutions in emerging markets to the global financial system.
However, as well-intended anti-money laundering and know-your-customer regulations are implemented across the banking industry, we’re seeing an increasing number of trade and correspondent banks exit emerging markets (recent surveys by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Banker’s Association for Finance and Trade suggest a correlation between compliance requirements and such retrenchment).
This leads to higher costs of financing for small and mid-sized firms and could even cause financial exclusion in certain markets – the opposite of what is needed for global trade to flourish.
"A drastic drop in trade and activity would have enormous implications for global growth"
Even more worrying is the strong correlation between a squeeze on the availability of trade financing and a drop in output and job creation.
ADB studies indicate that a 25 per cent increase in trade finance would result in a 33 per cent increase in production and a 22 per cent increase in jobs, whilst a 25 per cent reduction in trade finance would result in reductions of 12 per cent and 9 per cent in production and jobs, respectively.
Such a drastic drop in trade and activity would have enormous implications for global growth. Trade agreements can play a crucial part in making sure that doesn’t happen.
While it’s difficult to predict the feasibility of broad multilateral agreements, more countries could join plurilateral agreements. The pending Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, between the US and the European Union, could be extended to more countries, such as parts of Africa.
WTO needs to address all barriers to trade
China, the central player in many global supply chains, has expressed interest in joining negotiations for the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership. Such accords, once settled, could become starting points for global trade deals.
Advocacy is also part of the job. At first glance, world trade has made much progress, and most people now understand and accept the benefits of free trade. As old barriers have come down, however, new local regulations have appeared.
For the WTO to continue to boost trade, it needs to broaden its scope to address not only tariffs and trade facilitation – as remains the focus in the Bali package – but other areas that impede trade.
From advising emerging regional trade blocs to prevent the formation of ‘trade islands’, to harmonising regulations to reduce trade costs and turnaround times, the WTO can play a vital role in supporting emerging countries’ integration into the global trade system. As for the advocacy realm, it needs to gather the broad political support necessary for preventing new barriers from emerging.
Trade is changing. It’s time for the WTO to catch up.
A version of this article appeared in the Wall Street Journal on 21 April 2015


Reported via mobile anonymously at 15:02, Thu 12 August 2021
Sent to Bristol City Council less than a minute later
Very dangerous as pole is loose and broken off at two points at the top of high kids play equipment
Receive email when updates are left on this problem.
Questionnaire filled in by problem reporter
State changed to: Fixed
Posted anonymously at 16:40, Thu 9 September 2021
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Please reference 2931514 in your new report if it is an update on this one.


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- 3.00kg - fresh broad beans (about 1,5kg once shelled)
- 45.00ml - olive oil
- 2.00 - onions, finely chopped
- 3.00 - carrots, finely chopped
- 3.00 - celery sticks, finely chopped
- 2.00 - leeks, white parts only, chopped
- 2.00 - potatoes, peeled and diced
- 125.00g - rindless bacon, chopped
- 2.00 - garlic cloves, crushed
- 4.00ml - salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste
- 500.00ml - home-made chicken stock
- 100.00ml - olive oil (for garnish)
- 100.00g - Parmesan cheese (for garnish)
2. Add the potatoes, bacon and garlic and stir-fry for another minute or two before adding the broad beans. Stir-fry the beans until they are covered with vegetables and oil. Season with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
3. Add just enough chicken stock to cover the vegetables. Bring to the boil and simmer the vegetables for about 20 minutes or until the beans are soft. Add more stock if necessary.
4. Pour half the soup into a food processor and process to form a thick purée before returning it to the remaining soup in the saucepan. Add more chicken stock if the soup is too thick.
5. Place the soup in bowls, drizzle olive oil over each one and, finally, garnish with Parmesan cheese.


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Stipulations For The Use Of Parks, Beaches And Open Areas
HomeStipulations For The Use Of Parks, Beaches And Open Areas
Process For Using NCC’s Facilities
BY SHEENA FORDE-CRAIGG | NOV 25, 2019 | MINISTRY NEWS
River Bay, St. Lucy. (FP)
Persons who wish to use any facility of the National Conservation Commission (NCC), such as a park, beach or open recreational area, must apply for permission of use.
This reminder comes from management of the NCC, who said that individuals are required to submit an application for approval.
The application must be submitted at least three weeks prior to the date of the proposed activity, and should indicate the type of activity to be hosted, date and time of the activity, and the number of patrons expected.
Before the application is considered for approval, individuals must also submit relevant permits from the Royal Barbados Police Force for security services, if the activity will attract more than 200 patrons, or if it involves the playing of loud music.
Application forms may be accessed here or collected from the NCC’s office at Codrington House, St. Michael.
Persons seeking permission to utilize the NCC’s facilities should note that there are fees associated with the use of selected facilities for the hosting of fund raising and commercial activities.
Fees are also payable for the use of space on which structures, such as stages, tents, bars, stalls and jumping tents, are to be erected. And, also for the use of electricity at identified facilities to facilitate the preparation of food items, etc. No electrical facilities are available at River Bay, St. Lucy, or Bath, St. John.
If the Commission determines that the activity requires more than the assigned number of personnel who are on duty during regular hours, such as security or caretakers at sites where washroom facilitates are located, a fee will be charged.
For further information, persons may call the NCC’s Public Relations Department at
Submit a written request to the General Manager, National Conservation Commission not less than three (3) weeks prior to the date of the proposed activity. Such request should indicate the nature of the type of activity to be hosted, date and time of the activity, and the number of patrons expected.
Approval of Request – The Commission undertakes to provide a response granting permission for the use of a park, beach or open area within two (2) weeks provided that all required information is obtained from the applicant.
Fees – A fee is applicable for (a) the use of selected facilities for the hosting of fund raising and commercial activities. (b) For the use of space on which structures are to be erected. Structures include stages, tents, bars, stalls and jumping tents. The applicant should therefore indicate the number of structures to be erected.
Fees are charged at non-commercial or commercial rate in accordance with the following:
The Non-commercial Rate is applied for the use of space where an activity is not used for profit making or advertising purposes. This rate is also applied for fund raising activities, by schools, churches and other non profit or charitable organizations
The Commercial Rate is applied for the use of space where an activity is used for fund raising, profit making or advertising purposes.
A basic cleaning fee is payable for the use of an area as determined by the Commission. This fee will be increased in proportion to the amount of additional patrons attending the activity.
Insurance– Applicants are required to obtain Public Liability Insurance in the amount of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000.00) for activities at which more than one hundred (100) patrons but less than one thousand (1, 000) are expected.
Security – Applicants are required to apply for security services from the Royal Barbados Police Force for activities, which will attract more than two hundred (200) patrons. Final approval will not be given for any activity for which the stipulations at numbers 5 & 6 apply unless the relevant documents have been submitted to the Administration Department of the National Conservation Commission by 3:30 p.m. at least two working days prior to the activity.
Playing of Music – Approval for the playing of D.J./amplified music will be given in conjuction with the Royal Barbados Police Force solely for activities at which live entertainment is the main attraction, special events or activities which are hosted as part of national celebrations.
Chemical Toilets – Applicants are required to obtain chemical toilets for activities, which attract more than two hundred (200) patrons in accordance with a formula developed by the Ministry of Health, which determines the number of persons per unit.
Applicants must also comply with the following stipulations:
No music (played by a disc jockey or recorded) is allowed.
No open/wood fires are allowed; only Stove/Grill may be used.
No permission is granted for the erection of structures at Park/Beach/Area unless an application is made for such erection.
No permission is given for exclusive use of the Park/Beach/Area unless such is clearly specified by letter or contract.
No driving/riding is allowed on a beach or in a park.
All garbage must be removed immediately after the event.
The applicant is required to show his/her letter of approval to the security officer on duty at the site and to obey any reasonable directions given by him/her.
The applicant will be required to pay for any damage done to plants and property during his/her occupation of premises.
The Commission does not hold itself responsible for any personal injury, loss of equipment or personal effects or any loss or damage, however caused, during your occupation of the premises.
Codrington House - General Office:
Opened 8:30 a.m - 4:30 p.m, Mon. - Fri.
Business Hours Garden Centre – 7:15a.m. – 3:45p.m. Mon – Fri. Saturday 8:00a.m. – 2:00p.m., Closed on Sunday
PBX & Codrington Headquarters After Hours)


A functioning Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioner (HVAC) unit is necessary for every home. Having one in your home can significantly increase your home’s value if you’re planning to sell it in the future. Moreover, they always regulate thermal comfort during cold winters and hot summers. Besides, they improve indoor air quality by maintaining humidity at ideal levels and eliminating allergens. Consequently, your home becomes comfortable, and you’ll always find it pleasant to stay indoors.
Even though these HVAC systems can serve you for a long time, they’re bound to wear out after some time. At such a point, you may wonder whether it’s good to repair the defects or replace the entire unit. Repairs can suffice sometimes. But several repairs on the system may lead to constant breakdowns until maintenance becomes very expensive. You’ll undoubtedly get to a point where the only option is to replace it.
But you should also know replacements can be expensive. Thus, replacing the system is not always feasible, especially when you discover only a minor defect. Minor issues don’t justify a replacement. And that’s the focus of this article; knowing what defects point to a repair and which ones necessitate replacement.
1. When To Repair
HVAC systems are mechanical machines prone to wear and tear and breakdowns. Some defects may arise for reasons beyond your control; others may result from poor or irregular maintenance of your HVAC unit. Maintenance ensures the system runs efficiently and safely for as long as possible. It enables you to save on energy costs and prevent damage to your home. Here are some of the signs your HVAC system needs repairs:
- When the AC unit or furnace makes strange noises: Your air conditioner or furnace should function appropriately without producing weird and loud noises. So, if you notice yours is making strange noises like squealing or grinding when in use, this could mean a part or two may be loose. So, if you get to such a point, consider seeking the services of experienced AC repair specialists or furnace repair providers. They have the expertise to determine the exact noise source and rectify your unit accordingly.
- Problems with the thermostat: The primary function of the thermostat is to measure the current indoor temperature and pass instructions to the AC on whether to heat or cool the space. A malfunctioned thermostat may go on heating the room even when the temperatures are high, unnecessarily consuming energy and hiking your electricity bills. So if you notice your AC isn’t responding perfectly to temperature changes, you’d want to replace the thermostat instead of the AC itself.
- Blowing warm air instead of cold: The AC is supposed to cool a room when it’s hot and warm it when it’s chilly. But if you realize it’s blowing off warm air instead of cold air or vice versa, you may need to call repair technicians at once.
- If it breaks down before its lifespan elapses: The average lifespan of most HVAC units is between 15 and 20 years. If yours breaks down a few months or years after installation, the chances are high that it’s repairable damage.
- The ductwork has gaps: Most HVAC defects revolve around the ductwork instead of the unit. Thus, seek the services of professionals to inspect the ducts and seal any cracks. This way, you’ll save money by stopping the damage from being extensive.
- If you perform regular maintenance: If you always carry out the recommended maintenance procedures but your HVAC system malfunctions, consider repairing rather than replacing the whole system.
- Electrical issues: If your unit clicks before it ignites, it might be an electrical igniter issue. But this is a repairable defect. Thus, ask an expert to rectify it because it tends to waste fuel. Prompt repair helps prevent the damage from being extensive.
2. When To Replace
There are only so many repairs and maintenance your HVAC system can take. It may get to a point you’re spending so much money just so your unit works. But then again, it breaks down because of another problem. At this point, the viable option is to get rid of the rundown system and buy a new unit. Here are some of the signs you need to replace your HVAC systems:
- Dust accumulation in your home: This can be the first telltale sign you need to replace your HVAC system. When you notice dust everywhere, even when you change your HVAC filters, it could mean it’s not working efficiently anymore. Remember, your unit should be able to give you clean and purified air free of dirt, dust, or debris. So, consider replacing your HVAC when this happens.
- Unusual odors: If you notice strange smells coming from your AC, your systems may have accumulated mold and are burning it. Also, this may be because the wires are melting. It can make you sick, so you’d better replace it immediately.
- Increase in energy bills: If you notice a spike in your energy bills, it may be time to buy a modern energy-efficient HVAC system. Saving on energy bills is crucial during these tough economic times.
- Frequent breakdowns: When your HVAC system breaks down every other week, it may be time to replace it.
- It has lived its designated life: To reiterate, most HVAC units last about 15-20 years. At this juncture, their efficiency decreases considerably no matter how much you care for them. You’ve probably done many repairs, and old age may lower the HVAC system’s function. It could have issues such as cracked ducts, low fluid levels, motor damage, and bad thermostats. So, say goodbye to it and buy a new one.
So far, you know the factors to consider before deciding to repair or replace your HVAC. In a nutshell, repairs are viable for minor defects affecting specific system components. On the other hand, replacements are necessary when several parts break down, and repairing them all proves tedious and expensive. For both courses of action, hire professional HVAC companies for a more guaranteed solution.


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High Trenhouse is a terrific award-winning residential venue in a stunning rural location. Enjoying isolated splendour in the heart of the magnificent Yorkshire Dales National Park, it provides co-creative space for strategic workshops, management... Read More
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Sheffield, South Yorkshire

domain: geography


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Massive Disneyland Attraction Database
Deedle's House, a favorite attraction of Billy Bones
October 9, 2012
Avg. queue length:
Wander through Deedle's house, see what's in her oven, and make a wish at her water pump.
- If traveling with immature adults , they'll want to experience this attraction at least once.
- Cast members will stay in character even if you are bored.
- Because this is an interactive attraction, viewers are required to buy safety waivers.
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report it immediately. Thank you for your patience.