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In the battle for the environment, activism is not the enemy
The environmental struggle continues and adapts.
“Fresh waters are highly endangered, as they are in competition with interests that seek to exploit them, such as hydropower plants.” Jörg Freyhof, biologist, 2017
It is still unclear why the Albanian government decided this February to grant the Vjosa River the status of a protected area along its entire flow. What is known is that this decision was preceded by a growing international campaign for the protection of the largest remaining wild river in Europe under the slogan “Vjosa National Park Now.”
Throughout five years of frantic campaigns, with a massive civil society involvement that combined science with environmental activism to prevent damming the Vjosa, activists and the government never converged. In the end, however, the parties reached similar destinations: the state authority decided to protect the river.
The campaign for the protection of Europe’s wild rivers, “Save the Blue Heart of Europe,” started in 2012 with the support of two environmental NGOs, RiverWatch from Germany and EuroNatur from Austria. But only in the last five years, with the involvement of local partners, did they focus on protecting the rivers of the Western Balkans from hydropower construction.
The battle for the Vjosa gained new dimensions in 2017, with the arrival of 30 European scientists who explored the central flow of the river, the segment where the construction of the dams was envisaged. Most departments of the Faculty of Science at the University of Tirana joined the months-long research project. While the initial results confirmed the existence of extraordinary biological diversity, the Albanian government made a provocation, by approving another dam at the same time that scientific research was taking place.
“For Vjosa we obtained the support of scientists from different universities. Activists, artists, politicians and lawyers, local government representatives and local activists were involved in this campaign,” said Olsi Nika, head of EcoAlbania, the Albanian partner of the campaign. “The data provided by the campaign attracted the interest of some important media outlets. We did everything possible; it was constant, open and direct pressure.”
In 2018, the Vjosa gained new international attention. The Bern Convention, the International Treaty for the Conservation of Nature, recommended that Albania suspend the dam projects on the river. At the same time, the European Parliament recommended that Albania review its renewable energy strategy in order to reduce the country’s energy dependence on hydropower plants.
The government promised that it would act in accordance with the recommendations, but backstage the authorities continued with the procedures for the implementation of the signed contracts. In Tirana towards the end of 2018, European scientists presented the scientific results of the research. According to their findings, 40% of the species found hadn’t previously been discovered at the site, while two of the species were previously unknown to science. The study had scientifically confirmed the ecological importance of the river system’s intact riverbed, as well as the risk of degrading the ecosystem with the construction of dams.
The authorities did not respond. A group of international academics requested a meeting with Prime Minister Edi Rama in December 2018 but they were turned away. Meanwhile, the company that would do the construction, was concluding the process of obtaining permits in order to start work.
The activists were not the only ones to stand against the government. In Tirana last September, President Ilir Meta, a political rival of Prime Minister Rama, supported an international scientific conference about the Vjosa under the slogan: “The future of the Vjosa River — construction of dams or a National Park.” He even agreed for invitations to the conference be distributed under his name.
The government did not respond to the invitation, although the day following the conference Rama tweeted in favor of declaring parts of the Vjosa a “National Park,” a categorization that precludes the construction of hydropower plants. This was the first public statement on behalf of the Albanian government since the Vjosa became an international environmental issue. It seemed that the activist tactic of mixing the issue of the Vjosa in with the conflict between political groups had worked out.
“The support of the President was important, as it gives the issue a new dimension,” said Ulrich Eichelmann, CEO of RiverWatch. “The idea that environmental decision-making be based on scientific data was the right attitude and model, it was what we have been seeking for years.”
This February, as the country was heading to the April 25 central elections, some Ministry of Environment maps leaked into the media, unveiling other plans. The Vjosa had not been granted the status of a National Park. Worse yet, its main channel, the segment where the construction of dams was envisaged, remained unprotected.
The reaction from many stakeholders was immediate. EcoAlbania and RiverWatch reacted publicly. A number of organizations, both national and international, signed a petition to the government, reminding them of the promises made regarding the Vjosa’s sustainable future. On March 25, through a resolution, the European Parliament urged the Albanian government “to establish, as soon as possible, the Vjosa National Park along the entire length of the river.” Several media outlets distributed the news.
Yet in the style of Balkan political leadership, in which action is spurred by benefits rather than by convictions, playing with pre-election promises has often resulted in some gains for the public interest too. Thus, the government issued other maps. This time the Vjosa’s riverbed was fully protected as a Natural Park, though not as a National Park. As a Natural Park, protections for the Vjosa are much weaker and its biological importance is understated. At the same time, this designation increases the chances of future hydropower construction. Moreover, the main tributaries of the river, Shushica and Bënça, remained unprotected. The decision was final. However, something had been achieved.
“The situation has changed, the risk from the dams has dropped,” said RiverWatch’s Eichelmann. “We demanded the declaration of Vjosa a ‘National Park,’ while the status given, a category lower, does not represent the extraordinary and unique values of the river. However, it’s still something and better than nothing.”
With a post on Instagram, the decision was also celebrated by Hollywood actor Leonardo DiCaprio, who is known as a prominent environmental activist of environmental issues, thus bringing even more attention to the campaign.
“During this campaign we discovered and used previously untried mechanisms, such as international conventions, or other institutions of global environmental governance; we also used the rights to take cases to the courts,” said Nika from EcoAlbania. “It is this very practice that showed how activism can challenge and overthrow wrong decision-making, not necessarily only on environmental issues.”
In the Balkans, the “Save the Blue Heart of Europe” campaign is becoming a regional movement. The action to protect rivers has expanded to Kosovo, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and beyond. Under the motto “Rivers unite, dams divide,” the countries of the Western Balkans, once separated by ethnic conflicts, are today uniting against a common enemy thanks to environmental activism. A development plan supported by the European Commission, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and other international financial institutions envisages over 3,400 river hydropower construction projects, a third of which would be in protected areas.
As environmental activism explores new avenues to support the conservation of finite resources and opposes so-called sustainable development practices, it faces dual enemies. One enemy is financial corporations, whose shareholders are the main beneficiaries from the use of these resources. The other, governments, are seeing the act of supporting businesses as a moral obligation.
This year in June, some activists and residents of the Dibër area in Albania were detained by police for three days and were then fined after peacefully opposing the construction of a hydropower plant within the territory of Lura National Park. Last year in Kosovo, Shpresa Loshaj, an activist who opposed the construction of a cascade of hydropower plants within the territory of the Accursed Mountains National Park, was sued for 100,000 euros by Kelkos, the subcontractor of an Austrian company that operates electrical plant across much of the Western Balkans.
However, the symbol of environmental resistance is the women of Kruščica (a village northwest of Sarajevo), which, starting four years ago, under police violence and threats, for 503 days blocked the passage of machinery for the construction of a dam, forcing the cancellation of the concession contract for the construction of two hydropower plants on the Kruščica River, which threatened to leave the village without any water.
For the inhabitants of the Western Balkans, an area with a legacy of authoritarian leadership, the view on environmental activism and its progress through history risk being misinterpreted. Given the lack of any activism in the past in this region, there is no alternative to the friendly environmental activism approach in liberal western democracies, where it first appeared.
Roots of activism: Greenpeace
“Man with his own free will cannot control the rain or the sun, the wind, the frost, or the snow, yet it is certain that the climate itself has gradually changed and improved, or worsened by human action.” George Perkins Marsh, Philologist, September 30, 1847, Vermont, USA
It is hard to imagine today the adventure of a small fishing boat, which 50 years ago traveled a distance of 4,000 kilometers to the Gulf of Alaska trying to prevent nuclear tests that were 400 times more powerful than the bomb that hit Hiroshima. It was the height of the Cold War when the world, involved in an arms race, faced dangers beyond environmental ones.
On September 15, 1971, a group of ecologists and visionary journalists traveled from the Port of Vancouver in Canada to Alaska’s Amchitka Island in order to stop the US military’s nuclear explosions. From their ship’s deck close to the testing site they addressed the world through radio: “We call our ship the Greenpeace because that’s the best name we can think of to join the two great issues of our times, the survival of our environment and the peace of the world,” they said. “We do not consider ourselves to be radicals. We are conservatives, who insist upon conserving the environment for our children and future generations.”
The ecological movement had just begun.
Greenpeace activists did not stop the blast, but the event became international, sparking a series of political and diplomatic reactions against the United States. President Nixon canceled some of the other tests, but the arms race continued. Greenpeace gathered around itself thousands of sympathizers, volunteers and donors, expanding its activity and fleet.
But in 1985, Greenpeace’s best ship sank in Auckland, New Zealand after the explosion of two mines, which, as was later proved, were set off by French secret service agents by the order of President François Miterrand. France, which at the time was preparing to conduct nuclear tests on several Pacific islands, eliminated the ship before the activists could protest them.
Greenpeace did not come out of nowhere. Fueled by earlier circumstances and movements, Greenpeace reflected the shared courage of a group of visionaries to defend the planet. In fact, some of the activists aboard the ship, who later founded the Greenpeace Foundation, were inspired by the book of the American biologist Rachel Carson, “Silent Spring,” which in 1962 had drawn attention to the dangers of widespread pesticide usage.
At the dawn of the economic boom following World War II, in addition to the risks of nuclear weapons production, the environment was being put under the pressure of consumerism, a model of capitalism that relied on mass food production and population growth. The massive increase in cars, aircraft and supporting infrastructure was increasing the level of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere.
Efforts to understand the impact of emissions into the atmosphere due to economic activities began long before the correlation was formally accepted.
British chemist Robert Angus had discovered as early as 1872 the change in weather due to the burning of coal at garment factories in northern England. Yet it took more than 140 years after this study for humanity to acknowledge its own impact on global warming. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), concluded for the first time in 2013 that “it is extremely possible that human influence has been the main cause of the observed warming since the middle of the 20th century.”
This finding was extremely important to scientifically clarify concepts that were still vague. From these findings emerged our common understandings of climate change, global warming, and the idea of the Anthropocene Period (a new geological time frame defined by the massive impact of humanity on the earth), as well as the environmental movement itself.
The advancement of neoliberal policies, the strengthening of anti-globalization movements due to the expansion of global finance, and the development of the internet in the late 1990s, found environmental activism in alliance with anti-capitalist rhetoric.
In the 1980s, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Britain was implementing new economic policies. The opening of markets to continental Europe, combined with the liberalization of financial banking policies, was creating opportunities for rapid development. In America, President Ronald Reagan pursued a similar policy in opening markets, establishing the North American Free Trade Agreement. State obligations towards social issues were fading. The risk of environmental degradation was high.
Under these conditions, activists began to protest. Several European countries, the U.S. and Australia made their national legislation highly aggressive towards environmental activists. But the movement sought new strategies and tactics.
The advancement of neoliberal policies, the strengthening of anti-globalization movements due to the expansion of global finance, and the development of the internet in the late 1990s, found environmental activism in alliance with anti-capitalist rhetoric. A number of activities and protests against the corporatization and commercialization of resources took place globally.
Protests for global justice, against rapid economic growth and neoliberal policies, engulfed Europe on a large scale. International intergovernmental forums like the G8 (Group of Eight) and the G20 (Group of Twenty) or later the Cop21 (2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris) became the main target of these protests.
The future: an outline of environmental dystopia
“Albania must become a small energy superpower of the region.” Former Prime Minister Sali Berisha, 2011.
Since the beginning of the millennium, the G7 countries are the largest carbon emitters on the planet, while the emissions of the Western Balkan countries, taken together, are negligible. Equally negligible for Europe will be the total power output produced by the possible construction of 3,400 hydropower plants envisaged for the Western Balkans.
Let us illustrate with an example: the total energy capacity of about 900 construction contracts for hydropower plants, approved only in the last decade in Albania, does not reach even half of the total capacity of all hydropower plants built in the country up until 1985. The investment will only damage the environment and provide income for a small group of beneficiaries, some of whom are representatives of foreign corporations.
In Albania, and in the Western Balkan countries as a whole, the environmental crisis mainly refers to the overexploitation of natural resources and the alienation of wild ecosystems, to the benefit of foreign investments financed by development banks and supported by state incentives. Thus the environmental battle for the protection of resources against the aggressive model of continuous economic growth, especially in countries with relatively small areas, should be the number one focus of environmental activism.
A few months ago, in the festive ceremony of his third mandate, Edi Rama announced the objective of the new government, for Albania to be the champion of tourism in the region. This is similar, from the point of view of the dystopian environmental image he projects, with what his political opponent Sali Berisha announced ten years ago under the motto: Albania, a mini energy superpower in the region.
The government has accelerated procedures for private companies as a way of attracting investments in natural resource exploitation. However, this action has added to the concern that in practice it has avoided the accountability of the authorities, while excluding residents from the right to information.
Some experts think that the division of responsibilities between the state and private partners shows lack of oversight. Economics, the science that examines the degree of utilization of natural resources, has proved that capital is able to operate even in the absence of restrictive measures. The decision to transfer responsibilities to private businesses limits the government’s ability to enforce compliance with environmental standards.
“They are more consumption plans than policies for maintaining standards,” said Klodian Ali, an independent Albanian environmental governance expert. “The model we feed encourages energy consumption to produce even more energy, to serve the economy. Thanks to this economy, we can produce even more energy to support another economy, even bigger, and so on endlessly.”
But the pressure on resources has resulted in the emergence of new community-based environmental movements.
Protests are no longer always led by ecologists, or so-called environmental experts, but by residents themselves, whose local resources are being endangered. Although smaller in number, they are frequent and some end in physical clashes.
The Valbona River was considered untouchable and its untamed nature had become part of popular consciousness.
In Valbona, in northern Albania, the community protested against the construction of hydropower plants within the National Park. Residents organized themselves and their protests spread to Tirana. The Valbona River was considered untouchable and its untamed nature had become part of popular consciousness.
Prime Minister Rama tried to excuse himself by claiming that the contracts were awarded before he came to power, but it was during this period that the media reported that three more hydropower plants were planned in Valbona, one of which would be inside the protected area. Catherine Bohne, an American woman who fell in love with Valbona and moved there almost two decades ago, helped lead this protest. She was soon sued for defamation by the construction company that won the dam construction tender. The company was seeking 150,000 euros in damages.
Other residents have been protesting for the last three years against the construction of hydropower plants on the Zall-Gjoçaj Stream, which is part of the Lura National Park. So far, police have stopped the protesters more than four times, while the illegal works in the park territory continue.
During 2020 protest rallies were stopped due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the implementation of concession contracts continued — not only for the use of water resources, but also for the use of other natural resources. In lockdown conditions, environmental authorities continued to approve construction permit applications, deciding in the favor of the businesses, although in some cases there was a lack of public involvement.
Restrictions due to coronavirus were combined with other legal restrictions, due to inconsistencies between the Criminal Code and the Constitution.
“The police have often used the ‘obtaining permission from the competent body’ clause of the legislation, confusing it with the ‘right to notify,'” said lawyer Dorian Matlija, executive director of the non-governmental organization Legal Center Res Publica. “The legislation itself is unclear, which has led to some protests being selectively banned.”
Indeed, what was allowed by one law was forbidden by another. According to the Criminal Code, rallies require prior permission, while according to Law on Assemblies, applicants planning public rallies only have to notify the authorities.
In May the Constitutional Court abolished the “obligation” to obtain permission from the competent body, in favor of “notification,” which is a step towards greater freedom of assembly. However, the decision is not immediate and it will be another six months until protests are not limited a priori, but are presumed as a right.
The environmental movement has forced the governments of some countries in the Western Balkans to review concession contracts for the construction of small hydropower plants and limit financial incentives, but so far there are no clear results. In Albania, the Ministry of Energy started the process of evaluating existing contracts, but the conclusions are being kept secret by the government.
"Movements against hydropower plants in the Balkans are becoming the strongest civil society movement in Europe," said Eichelmann of RiverWatch.
Meanwhile in Montenegro there is a fear that the process of reviewing these contracts will only be used to harm political opponents. In Kosovo, a recently published expert report prepared by the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning has found irregularities and legal violations in the issuing of permits for the use of waterways by private companies, but so far none of the permits has been revoked.
“Movements against hydropower plants in the Balkans are becoming the strongest civil society movement in Europe,” said Eichelmann of RiverWatch. “The environmental movement is gathering more people. Thus they protect not only the environment, but also the country from corruption.”
How to manage environmental protest?
“Activism means action!” Arben Kola, activist from Albania
The inclusion of environmental activism in protest politics dates back to the late 1960s. Older organizational practices had a top-down hierarchical formation. These organizations were rich in resources and reached across borders. Meanwhile, new movements, mostly in the form of local grassroots groups, tend to be even more radical, fueling a growing civil disobedience.
In Albania, some activists think that long police detentions, fines, community service sentencing by the criminal court, campaigns of denigration, and the aggravated use of the Criminal Code against them, serve the common interests of the two allies: the government and financial corporations. Of course this has provoked the apparent rise of a more radical type of environmental grassroots activism, compared to more traditional forms. But, though more independent, grassroots activism is not necessarily violent in its origin.
“I have joined a network of volunteers, with the desire to stay away from organizations,” said Arben Kola, an activist from Shishtavec near Kukës. “Some of them have abused volunteerism. The vast majority of them spend more time and money on workshops than in the field.”
If we need gloves, transport or bags, people help us," said Kola.
He wears a traditional folk hat and often exchanges t-shirts with national symbols, combining a passion for nature with patriotism. Specializing as a tourist guide, Arben has traveled throughout the country, introducing tourists to the magical wildness of Albanian nature. He is a ubiquitous activist who takes a different approach from others.
His collaborators are deans with scientific degrees, economists and teachers, engineers and students. They assemble anywhere to protest pollution, whether the issue is mismanagement of waste or overuse of resources. Hierarchy is replaced with a network of coordinators. Decisions are made on the basis of a broad consensus. Utilizing social networks, the movement coordinators organize weekly activities for the benefit of environmental action.
“We address the public through personal profiles. If we need gloves, transport or bags, we announce all the requests publicly before we carry out the activity and people help us,” said Kola. “If someone wants to give us money to cover the costs of the activity, we accept it. The reaction has been good and it is very inspiring for us.”
Another similar effort is ongoing in Laknas, north of Tirana. For some time a group of young people, mainly women, has been supporting local residents in the fight to protect the green spaces around their homes from investors. Earlier, they supported another community that protested against the construction of hydropower plants in Mirdita.
“We support the residents. Most of us live here. We are young and we want to come to the aid of the elders,” said Diana Malaj, one of the founders of the group. “In Laknas, some investors want to cut down a forest in order to build a slaughterhouse. The municipality is not supporting the residents.”
Most of the inhabitants of Laknas arrived there about three decades ago. The site where the slaughterhouse was planned to be constructed was used by children for camping. Over time, while it Laknas’s population grew, nature continued to do its work and after 30 years, along the riverbanks a magnificent forest had grown, which the inhabitants call “Bruka’s Trees.” For them, this forest is something that is directly related to their recent past.
Malaj, a newly licensed lawyer, along with Aurora Leka, a co-founder of the group, established the Kujri Legal Center, which provided free community support services for social and environmental equality.
Kujri, an old word for public property that is mentioned in the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini, can serve future communities to protect their common spaces.
Meanwhile in 2019 Rural Observer, an organization committed to protecting communities from the consequences of extractive industries and hydropower plants, supported local communities in four regions throughout Albania.
Funded by the European Union, the project aimed to improve the transparency and accountability of state authorities and of businesses that use natural resources. Some communities saw the project as the only tool that could protect resources from corporate aggression.
Over two years the project involved a number of stakeholders. Experts, journalists, lawyers, activists and engaged ordinary citizens organized forums and workshops, built an online platform with abundant information, and conducted promotional interviews on central and local television.
Shortly before the project ended, they discovered and documented the construction of a hydropower plant within the territory of the Shebenik-Jablanica National Park in eastern Albania, on the border with North Macedonia. The case was flagrant, as no construction of hydropower plants is allowed within the National Park. All that needed to be done was to file a lawsuit on behalf of the residents.
But the lawsuit was not opened. The contract with the lawyers and the entire project was ending in a few days, while the court proceedings could take several months, meaning the time was insufficient. Project leaders did not negotiate to postpone or renegotiate the contract. The issue was abandoned and the hydropower plant was built where it continues to illegally generate electricity to this day.
“Organizations are more framed and actions are often conditioned by increasingly stronger bureaucratic schemes of donors,” said Ermelinda Mahmutaj, executive director of EDEN, Environmental Center for Development, Education and Networking.
“Although activism remains a moral individual responsibility, I believe that the filing of reports and documents should not become the end goal, as that risks undermining the effectiveness of the action.”
The Agency for Civil Society Support, the public budget institution that promotes the sustainable development of civil society, has distributed about 1 billion Albanian lek (about 10 million EUR) of financial support in ten years. But the environmental projects that have received support have been few and lacking an impact. None of the projects or their implementing organizations have been significant, at least compared to the environmental issues that are widely considered relevant.
The review of data publicly provided by the Agency shows that no individuals or informal groups have ever received financial support from the Agency.
Technology and new challenges for activism
“No, no, I do not know you, because we are not Facebook friends.” Whatsapp message, 2017.
The environmental crisis has become a global concern. The environmental movement is becoming just as global. Of course, we would not have gotten here without the support of the media. It has been the main instrument in shaping opinion and has influenced the growth of environmental awareness. In the last two decades nothing has changed more and faster than the production and dissemination of information. Thus, in a sense, the dynamics of the environmental movement are also products of this pressure.
But just as with the environmental crisis, where consumerism leads to the mismanagement of resources, in the media, news consumerism does not guarantee sound reporting.
According to a study on media reporting on environmental issues prepared by EcoAlbania, it turns out that during 2018, in central news editions on national television outlets, environmental reporting was rare.
To date, no Albanian newsroom has a specialized journalist reporting exclusively on environmental issues. The editorial structure still prioritizes tabloid and crime reporting, leaving behind reporting on the resource crisis.
New media technologies have obvious benefits, but have also created some problems for activists.
Implementing a media communication strategy in practice, especially on social media, can result in a loss of focus, which can impair the achievement of goals or degrade protests. Success in getting media attention should not serve as a sign of success, but rather as a consequence of success.
The editor of a relatively popular news platform in Tirana did not stop his reporters from reporting on an activity in defense of rivers, which took place in the city’s central square (according to an artivism model), but advised them to make fun of the event organizers. This attitude reflects the public perception that some organizations see activism as a means to advertise themselves rather than to solve the problem. Activism should not be turned into a marketing strategy.
Another disappointing circumstance may be the creation of false illusions; social media likes do not necessarily translate into physical participation on the ground. Further, social networks can harm activists, as their public statements and awareness posts can be used against them by companies, the police or as evidence in courts.
In Tirana in 2016, the personal posts of some activists in defense of the Grand Park of Tirana, were used as evidence against them by the prosecution in court. In Kosovo, activists Adriatik Gacaferri and Shpresa Loshaj were sued in 2020 by KelKos Energy Ltd. for their stance against the construction of hydropower plants within the Accursed Mountains National Park. The plaintiffs used the activists’ posts on their personal Facebook accounts and presented them as evidence in the lawsuit, demanding damages of thousands of euros.
But in addition to a wide and active debate on the relative usefulness of social networks, they are being used successfully to spread environmental messages and are serving as a loudspeaker for activists, despite the risk of inaccuracies and manipulation.
On the other hand, the new virtual generation created a platform for the development of an alternative journalism, so-called “citizens’ journalism,” which is transforming activists from consumers of media to producers.
For example, in 2016 a group of activists protested for 77 days against the municipality’s plan to turn a forest into an urban park. During this defense of green space, the activists appointed one protester to record continuous video, which they transmitted to networks and traditional media in real time.
The environment: everyone’s business
“In capitalist countries, the priority of governments in environmental policy and elsewhere is to make corporate investors happy.” John Dryzek, Professor of Political Theory, 1997.
The battle for the environment and the action for green policy have followed a common itinerary since the dawn of the environmental movement. But green governance did not become acceptable until an alternative market appeared on the horizon.
In 1992 the United Nations organized the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. At this conference the concept of “sustainable development,” the inclusion of environmental potential in neoliberal economic policies, first came into broad use. But this in practice only served to shore up destructive economic policies at the expense of the environment.
The impression was created that the opening of markets and financial liberalization were consistent and even necessary for environmental protection. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol, a continuation of the conference in Rio de Janeiro, served as the focal point to pave the way for the creation of alternative energy markets.
By creating an environmentally friendly image in the name of fighting climate change, so-called “green governance” generated new markets to feed corporations through public-private partnership schemes.
Everything culminated in 2015 with “The Paris Agreement,” when most countries (excluding China, Turkey, Iran and a few others) promised to keep the average global temperature from rising more than 2°C above the levels of the pre-industrial period.
By promoting environmental education and organic products, green global governance is adapting to an environmentalist behavior, which is threatening to dominate the environmental issue. Resolving situations from the top-down has weakened environmental actions and demotivated civil society from protecting the commons.
At the end of June, the Ministries of Environment of Kosovo and Albania conducted a joint action to clean plastic waste in Vërmicë, near the border between the two countries. The Ministers of the two countries attracted activists and distributed green messages to the media.
“Cleaning actions are necessary, as they cultivate an environmental civic consciousness,” said Mahmutaj from the environmental organization EDEN. “But the actions organized by the governments are extremely dubious and serve other propagandistic purposes. Maybe they are thus trying to hide their responsibility for the situation?”
Activist Arben Kola thinks along the same lines. “The task of the government is to enforce the law and not to indulge in demagogy,” he said. “We are in this chaotic situation, first of all due to the mismanagement of waste by the state authority.”
Another contested idea about environmental action is the view that environmental issues are purely technical.
Indeed, using this greenwashing tactic the Albanian Minister of Environment has built his ecological image like few others before him. Every weekend, with his PR team he travels across estuaries laden with plastic dumps, cleans fragile but polluted beaches, inaugurates inns in rural wilderness, or welcomes and sees off airplanes with foreign tourists who, according to him, eagerly seek to discover the magic secrets offered by virgin Albania.
But the government’s propaganda to associate its green vocabulary with supposedly green practices is just one of its goals. Another propaganda benefit is related to the coverage of responsibilities through misinformation, due to the misbelief that improving the situation calls for raising of public awareness, while forgetting the liability of the authorities for the situation.
Another contested idea about environmental action is the view that environmental issues are purely technical. The argument is supported mainly by bureaucrats, and not infrequently by a section of civil society, represented by technicians operating within conventionally structured environmental organizations.
The promotion in public debate of this view of environmental issues serves several purposes. First, it seeks to make environmental decision-making non-transparent; second, it seeks to preserve the exclusive privileges of expert supremacy; and third, it seeks to undermine the environmental issue by excluding activists from the battle for the environment.
Although the environmental movement needs scientific data, its focus is social. The transition of the environment to environmentalism reflects a relationship between man and nature. The environment should not serve narrow interests, but be for the benefit of all of society. In the greenwashing propaganda strategy, the environment is considered a “technical issue” for some bureaucrats while in the bureaucratic administration practice it is seen as an opportunity to feed the markets in favor of corporations.
Code red for humanity
“The more we learn about Climate Change, the more we need to worry.” Mark Howden, Vice President of the International Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2021.
The planet is warming up due to human activity. The latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published earlier this August, clearly concluded that temperatures are rising. UN Secretary-General António Guterres said the report was “code red for humanity.”
The IPCC has expressed optimism about promoting and supporting opportunities for governments to use renewable energy. The same optimism was shown by US President Joe Biden earlier this year, when he asked the leaders of the American car manufacturing industry that by 2030 half of car sales be electric vehicles. He even signed an executive order asking for government support in achieving the goal.
In practice, the rhetoric about renewable energy follows a different dynamic. It seems that corporations and financial groups will use tactics to slow down environmental measures.
The environmental crisis is a global one and calls for global cooperation. IPCC data is intended to reach a much wider audience beyond decision-makers. In the same way, field action by environmental activists can serve the IPCC in helping them understand how their findings are perceived by the general public.
Today, when everything seems so unstable, when the magnitude of the environmental crisis is so serious, environmental activists constitute a force to reckon with. The tendency of governments to criminalize environmental activists, as well as the attempt to seize the powers and freedoms of organizations, pose as serious a threat to ecosystems as their ongoing physical destruction.
But one thing is clear. Activists are the only ones who so far continue to reject, often even radically with direct action, the propaganda of green governance. They continue to be on the streets, in the forests and at the lakes, alongside communities, in front of bureaucrats and corporations, in the name of environmental equality and justice, the protection of resources and the past, for their country and for generations to come.
Feature image: Artan Rama.
This story is supported by the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung Gesellschaftsanalyse und politische Bildung e.V. – Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


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As of now my window I discovered that a Clip within the window broke. I am pretty angry mainly because my auto is really a ninety seven and I have never even had it two decades. I guess I really need to get more info get it preset now but I have listened to quite a bit of people complaining about Honda made window issues. I suppose I just planned to explain to a person my Tale. See all issues in the 1997 Acura CL .
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Stopped here on our way to Dambulla... the food was average, service was poor. I won't be going back there in a hurry!
1 - 10 of 126 reviews
To be very honest, the food is not good, not a place that locals go, and it is only for tourist and it is overpriced
I visited here with my husband. Prices were high and food was terrible. We ordered the mixed grill all the near was burned to near charcoal. It was a terrible experience. Well there are no good places to eat in kurunagala.
Frankly, I went to this place few times and I found the food was really good and the environment was really calm. But, when I went there recently for the last time, the service experienced was the worst ever in Sri Lanka. There were only...More
Dear Valuable Guest I am extremely sorry for your bad experience with saruketha and would humbly request you to give me some more information about the day and the table you sat and the appearance of the waiter. o would once more humbly eppolagize for...More
This seems to be the go to place for drivers to take western tourists on trip from columbo to sigiriya. The menu was very limited and contained mostly western dishes at exhorbitant prices by Sri Lankan standards. The food was very average and bland. The...More
food excellent, little bit expensive. place is very good with surrounding trees & paddy field. i ordered chicken fried rice, chille chicken , develd prawn & chef salad, tastiest meal ever had in kurunegala. strongly recommend this place.
The Restaurant offers a Buffet with a large choice of food. There are 2 Restaurants, one as an open Restaurant in teh Garden surrounded by Bamboo Trees and the other is a typical Straw Hut, very nice. The Service is very pleasant, nice and helpfull.
the food was excellent , and service was great. everything was well and above service from the rest of the places we have been too
...Even though it doesn't seem to be at first sight. Our driver brought us there and all the other guests looked like locals. We got an international menu with pictures and dollar prices. Most of the food was not typical and the probably most typical...More

domain: food


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text:
Researchers unearth shocking drug use trend
The findings also revealed worrying statistics on gender-based violence (GBV) cases around the country.
By Jairos Saunyama Nov. 27, 2022
Sweden chips in on youth sexual rights
Berthollet Kaboru said: “We are very much committed to SRHR work including democracy and social justice. SRHR is a driver and strategy for development work.
By Jairos Saunyama Nov. 4, 2022
CRAFT festival winners announced
The festival ran under the theme “Amplifying Young People’s Voices on Sexual Reproductive Health and Gender-Based Violence Through Art”.
By Khumbulani Muleya Oct. 28, 2022
Creative reproductive health arts festival on the cards
The event is organised by public health social movement organisation SAYWHAT with support from the Swedish Embassy in Zimbabwe.
By Khumbulani Muleya Oct. 16, 2022
Youths suffer from suicide
Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death in 15-29-year-olds in Zimbabwe.
By Vanessa Gonye and Moses Mugugunyeki Oct. 13, 2022
SAYWHAT’s peer education arm touches young girls
They talked about sex the same way they did about food or any other everyday conversation, as if it was nothing out of the ordinary.
ED in fire-fighting mission
News in depth: ‘It won’t pass constitutional test’: Zanu PF’s chilling law gets thumbs down

domain: news


Brewers ace Zack Greinke had been long removed from Sunday's slaughter -- and most of us had gone on to other things -- when Drew Butera became the sixth position player in Twins history to take the mound during the 16-4 loss.
According to Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel columnist Michael Hunt, Greinke was impressed with Butera's ability to hit 94 on the radar gun during the eighth, when he struck out Carlos Gomez and walked a Brewer during the hitless inning.
"I don't know how he ended up being a catcher if he throws that good," Greinke said.
Hunt also wrote that when Brewers reliever Tim Dillard was ejected for his retaliation pitcher at Jamey Carroll in the ninth, the Brewers were thinking about turning to Gomez to finish off the lopsided game.
He added: "Of course, Gomez, who sees himself as a pitcher trapped inside an outfielder's body, would have tried to break triple digits on the gun, most likely on his way back to the disabled list."
Here's the rest of Hunt's column on the Brewers embarrassing the Twins, which ended a streak of embarrassing baseball by Milwaukee.
And, yes, sometimes Upload really misses these guys:
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Building rely upon a marriage is what might choose your connection with him last. If your guy ceases listening to you, opening his heart to you personally, and writing everything with you, this is not building trust. He could be not having faith in you. When he says, “I just don testosterone levels care”, it happens to be just closing down.
For guys, it ings sort of like going to work where you do not get paid much. You stop care about the amount of money. Now, in the event that you where to ask your trueblood essential money was going to you, he would almost certainly tell you which it did not subject to him. This does not suggest that he is not concerned with about you or perhaps that you should certainly not try and make him feel better about himself.
Therefore , if you are new in a marriage and he has not built trust with you yet, you can start to generate trust in a relationship since they can be the one who all opens up the doors. As you allow him to come through on his promises and dreams, you also let your partner know that you are willing to wait around and that you will be patient. Be the one he always phone calls when it is a chance to talk. This can be your co-worker or other people you know. When somebody knows that they will confide in you and that they can speak with you anytime, they are more likely to open to you.
Good way to get started building trust in a romantic relationship is to give your trueblood in least one free time a week. When you provide a partner free time, this means that he gets to include his have space where he can take it easy and recharge. When he is given free time, he’s going to recognize that you are available and that he can easily spend time with you. He will see that it can be worth your time to spend with him as they wants to create a relationship click here to investigate with you. And, the fact that he is able to become alone with you and do not look like you will be interrupting his time with someone else will make him desire to spend more hours with you and definitely will get to know you had better.
One thing to recollect is that as soon as your partner says he does not feel good and this it is time intended for him to look at some space, you must provide him at least a few days and nights notice prior to starting following him around. Trust is built on relationships that move at a rate of love certainly not panic. If he realizes that he is dropping your trust, then he could be in for a new of difficulties. If you want him to fall in love with you then you are going to have to be willing to move bit by bit and let him miss both you and then do something with him again.
When your partner feels as though he cannot trust you right now then you need to step back a little bit and let him come to realize you happen to be there intended for him and he can trust you. Whenever he makes mistakes, afterward he ought to own all of them and be devoted to owning them so that he knows his actions happen to be affecting you. If your partner feels like you are constantly trying to get him to devote, then you is going to take a step as well as let him contain time to miss you. This is one of the best tips on building trust in a marriage and the faster he gets this understanding the sooner he will realize that he can trust you.

domain: psychology


A cyber security attack is any attempt by hackers to damage or destroy computers, computer networks, or systems or to obtain confidential information from these systems.
Successful attacks are increasing significantly. A Thoughtlab survey found that material breaches rose 20.5 percent from 2020 to 2021. It also found that 29 percent of CIOs and CISOs believed their company was unprepared for the increase in threats. Forty percent of chief security officers reported unpreparedness. Companies can prepare to defend against these different types of cyber-attacks by finding cost-effective technologies that reduce exposures and developing a specific cyber strategy. ne Digital can help private equity companies develop an IT security strategy roadmap.
Common Types of Cyber Attacks
Hackers use many tools to invade systems and computers, creating different types of cyber attacks. The most common cyber attacks are Denial of Service, Man-in-the-Middle, phishing, drive-by, password, SQL injection, backdoor, eavesdropping, Internet of Things, and malware.
1. Denial of Service (DOS) and Distributed Denial of Service Attacks (DDOS)
DoS and DDoS attacks overwhelm the system’s resources so that it cannot respond. A DDOS attack is also launched by host machines infected with malicious software.
Hackers launch DoS and DDoS attacks primarily to gain personal satisfaction rather than financial benefit. However, competitors sometimes launch attacks to damage business. Sometimes, hackers launch a DoS attack to force a system offline and make it more receptive to other attacks.
DoS and DDoS attacks are of different types, including
- Botnets. Botnets refer to the millions of systems infected with malicious software that cause DDoS attacks.
- Smurf attacks. Smurf attacks use IP spoofing to saturate the network.
- Ping-of-death attacks. These attacks ping the system with an IP size too great to handle.
- TCP SYN flood attacks. TCP SYN flood attacks abuse the buffer space during a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) session. The hacker’s system asks to connect but never responds when the target system answers the request.
- Teardrop attacks. These attacks cause fields in the Internet Protocol packets to overlap on the target, which then forces the attacked system to try to reconstruct the packets and become confused when it fails.
Regardless of the specific type of DoS or DDoS attack, installing and properly configuring firewalls is essential to prevent the attack. Black hole and RFC3704 filtering and the installation of antivirus software also help.
2. Man-In-The-Middle Attacks
Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) refers to incidents where an attacker puts himself between a client and its server. Types of MITM attacks include:
- Session hijacking, where the cybercriminal hacker hijacks the session between the client and its trusted server. The client is unaware this has occurred and continues to transmit data.
- IP spoofing in which the system is tricked into thinking it is communicating with a known entity. In IP spoofing, the hacker steals the IP address of the client.
- Replay, which occurs when an attacker intercepts, saves, and then later tries to send old messages.
Companies can use security techniques such as encryption, digital certificates, certificate authorities, public keys, and hash functions to combat MTM cyber threats.
3. Phishing and Spear Phishing Attacks
In phishing attacks, the hacker sends out emails that appear to come from a trusted authority, such as a bank, and uses social engineering to entice the user to act. If the user falls for the scam, the hacker will gain access to personal or sensitive data, such as credit card numbers, passwords, or Social Security numbers. Spear phishing is the same method of attack, but the email includes more personal information about the user to make it seem more genuine.
The best way to fight phishing attacks is through user training. Users should check the full sender email address and scroll their mouse over any links to see the full link. You can also test the email in a sandbox environment. A sandbox environment is an isolated virtual machine where cyber security researchers can observe the link's behavior without potentially affecting the network.
4. Drive-by Attacks
A robust antivirus software can help prevent drive-by attacks. Keeping browsers up-to-date, avoiding strange websites, and keeping operating systems up to date also can guard against drive-by attacks. Developers can sanitize data user input before reflecting it to prevent XSS attacks.
5. Password Attacks
Hackers typically steal passwords for financial gain. Once they have the passwords, they can sell them to other hackers on the dark web, steal a person’s identity, buy items, or make other financial transactions in the victim’s name.
Cybercriminals steal passwords through a variety of means, including
- Using malware to capture keystrokes
- Hacking into password databases
- Brute force attacks involve auto-generating passwords until one works. These attacks often use the information they may have about the victim, such as a pet’s name, birthplace, or spouse’s name.
- “Sniffing” network connections. Sniffing involves monitoring the data flow over a network.
6. SQL Injection Attacks
SQL injection attacks primarily occur on data-driven websites. A hacker executes an SQL query to the database. The query inserts malicious SQL commands into it that allow it to damage it, manipulate it, or gain access to all the information in the database. The commands can delete data, shut the database down, or copy the entire database, for example. SQL injection attacks can disrupt company operations. They also can make the company liable for data breaches if hackers gain unauthorized access to personal or sensitive information.
Security measures such as good management of database permissions and staying away from dynamic SQL can help prevent SQL injection attacks.
7. Backdoor Attacks
Computer system backdoors work similarly to home backdoors. Assume a potential burglar sees that security cameras protect the house's front door. So, they go to the back and try to break in that way.
In the cyber security world, a back door refers to any type of attack that tries to get around standard security measures to get into a computer, system, or network. Once they gain access, hackers install malware, steal data, or hijack systems.
The primary way to avoid backdoor attacks is to avoid vulnerabilities in your systems, networks, and computers.
8. Eavesdropping Attacks
In an eavesdropping attack, the hacker intercepts network traffic to steal sensitive data, such as passwords and credit card information. Eavesdropping can be passive or active. In passive eavesdropping, the hacker steals data by listening to network message transmissions. In active eavesdropping, the hacker disguises himself as a friendly unit and sends queries to transmitters.
Stopping passive eavesdropping is extremely important. To be able to eavesdrop actively, the hacker must first have successfully eavesdropped passively to be able to disguise themselves effectively. One of the best ways to strengthen security against this attack is to encrypt data before transmission.
9. Internet of Things (IoT) Attacks
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of objects, machines, or people that can transfer data over a network without human interaction. IoT has revolutionized many industries. The downside, however, is that most organizations deploy multiple IoT devices. The setup increases the possibility of cyber threats in places that have never had cybersecurity problems before. Even a smart toilet or smart coffee machine threat could wreak havoc within the company.
Because of how IoT devices operate, they are extremely susceptible to cyber security attacks for several reasons. The first is that they gather highly detailed data. If the data is stolen or otherwise compromised, the breach could have very negative consequences.
Many IoT devices also can function on the data they receive from their respective environments, which is very convenient. However, this functionality can quickly translate cyber threats to physical consequences.
The growing availability of the devices also allows for complex environments in which the devices can interact dynamically with each other. Finally, many enterprises use a traditional centralized architecture for their IoT systems, which creates a wide attack system.
Security measures can lessen the risk of successful cyber security attacks on IoT systems.
- Any data or information circulated should be properly mapped.
- Every device, even the most innocuous, should be considered with a strong username and password combinations, encryption, and multifactor authentication.
- The organization should acknowledge that even the best security cannot guarantee that no threats will be successful. The organization should create mitigation protocols to contain and reduce the effects of an attack.
- Companies should ensure that devices that can’t be safeguarded against tampering be kept in a secure place to prevent tampering.
Malware is software designed to disrupt operations or gain unauthorized access to data. The most common types are:
- Trojan horses or malware that hides inside a non-malicious application that sets up a backdoor.
- Worms are self-contained programs that are commonly spread using email attachments.
- Spyware that collects data and information about users, their computers, and their browsing habits without the user's knowledge.
- Logic bombs append to an application and are triggered by a specific action, such as on a predefined date.
- Ransomware is a type of malware that blocks access to the victim’s data and threatens to publish or delete it unless the victim pays a ransom. Ransomware software encrypts the data, so recovery without the hacker’s decryption key is extremely difficult. Ransomware attacks increased 13 percent from 2021 to 2022, according to a Verizon data breach investigation report.
- Macro viruses occur when the hacker puts a virus into a macro within a Word or Excel file. The victim’s opening of the file launches the malicious code.
Malware can get onto users’ computers in several ways, including by opening an attachment, downloading software from the Internet that secretly contains malware, visiting an infected website or clicking on a fake error message, or opening an email attachment that downloads malware.
Companies can lessen the possibility of a malware attack by taking several precautions. These include:
- Updating software regularly
- Avoiding the use of an administrator account
- Educating users to carefully discern whether to open links or download email attachments and to never respond to popup messages encouraging them to download software
- Limiting filesharing
- Using antivirus software
Other Cybersecurity Threats
In addition to the top 10, other types of cyber security attacks are common.
A zero-day (0day) exploit targets software vulnerabilities unknown to software and antivirus vendors. They are a severe security threat because defenses are not in place. Typical targets are web browsers, emails, and specific file types such as Microsoft Word or Excel, PDF, or Flash.
Birthday attacks are made against hashing algorithms that verify the integrity of a message, software, or digital signature. Successful birthday attacks allow the hacker to replace the user’s transmission with theirs and transport malicious code.
Cybercrime is rampant, and cyber security attacks can cause considerable disruption to businesses. Common types of attacks are MITM attacks, denial of service attacks, phishing attacks, malware, password attacks, SQL injection attacks, backdoor attacks, IoT attacks, drive-by attacks, and eavesdropping attacks. Companies can significantly improve their defenses against cyber attacks through staff education, installation of firewalls, the use of robust antivirus software, regular updates, and a decrease in vulnerabilities.
ne Digital can help your private equity firm develop a roadmap to defend against the many types of attacks in cyber security. We can also maintain your security over the long term.
Be prepared for the increase in cyber threats. Contact us today to see how we can help.


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The optimistic article about immigration to Israel on http://www.artuzsheva.com , writes about the emigration to Israel; making it perhaps the only place in the middle east, other than the oil rich gulf states, where people from the west come to live and not drown in boats desperate to leave.
Israel is definitely the only place where young people between the ages of 18 and 35 decide to live in the middle east despite the news headlines of Syria, just 100 km. to the north, Gaza brewing near by, and stabbings, shootings, fires by terrorists, Iran building an atomic bomb near by , Iraq , Lebanon in a constant state of turmoil
However there is some advice i would give to every mother who has a young adult child emigrating to the middle east to tell her emigrating young adult child ;
If a terrorist attacks with a stone/knife/ gun/ molotov bottle/ do not hesitate to please the EU/ Den Hague international court/Obama and kerry / the UN , but shoot or do anything to stop the terrorist from violence. There is no reason to fear the court of law and there is no logic in a law that says shooting a terrorist, someone who had actively sought to kill someone else for no reason other than a violent goal of killing, is not legal.
There is nothing to be proud of when a dead terrorist’s life is considered sacred but the nonviolent population are legitmate targets because of political agendas of certain western countries, so this advice: if a terrorist is lying on the ground, or just seems not dangerous, and has just attacked, do not hesitate!
The morality of mothers whose sons and daughters do not seek to murder others should count more than that of hypocrites who send soldiers to kill in wars in Iraq and invade countries in the middle east but judge building of houses and shooting of terrorists as illegal, if the law says terrorists lives are more important than the people they try to kill, then the law is just plain stupid and should not be kept.
Terrorists are people who try or succeed in killing other people for whatever motive it does not matter what the motive is, if no one is attacking them, and they just want to end the life of someone else, they should not be spared when there is even a small risk they can attack again and that risk is great when they are raised in a culture where incitement for violence is broadcast, and encourages shamelessly so when encountering a terrorist- do not fear the court of law that says that shooting a murderer is a crime.
when there are terrorists shooting people in the streets or anywhere where people live then it is not a matter of being politically correct but survival.
There is no excuse for shooting or stabbing people randomly just because a person is not happy with the political situation .It would be a completely different matter if a soldier shoots an unarmed by stander , but shooting a terrorist should not be a reason to put on trial, therefore i expect the chief of staff who abandoned the Israeli soldier to resign , it is not a reason to be proud when a shot terrorist is treated as though he did not stab /shoot/ or try to kill. Ignoring the criminal intention of terrorists is justifying terror and no intitiated violence is justified.
This is not a cultural war, nor a religious war, but a war about the law, that permits criminals to kill or try to kill because they are unhappy with the political situation, and that is something that can not and should not be tolerated.
Soldiers must follow instructions but if they disobey and they shoot a terrorist then that can not be possibly considered manslaughter if the law is unbiased and the judges examine the circumstances but when judged act out of a motive of presenting the country as tolerant to terror then a decision to prosecute a soldier shooting a terrorist can not be seen as necessary.
It is time Israel acts with stronger laws against violence and that includes all ethnic groups.
A trial should judge an act based on circumstances not political slogans.
Terrorists endanger every society and any act of violence excused by political motives is even more dangerous,it should not be allowed for a fraustrated or incited person to attack attempting to kill anyone not threatening them.
There should not be tolerance for any act of terror;too many terrorists have been rewarded by the Palestinian authority whose president ,Abbas,wrote a PhD in denying the scope of the holocaust and has the key position to decide the recognition of Israel’s capitol by the U.S.,borders and other matters.
When violent criminals are rewarded the result is more crime not less.
Any sane society that wishes to keep on keeping its civilian population alive and thriving must not reward terror by keeping them in jail,oftentimes educating them and rereleasing them to kill again.
Keep on keeping the society safe ought to be a goal not keeping the terrorists alive and their terror encouraging leadership honored by the EU and U.N..
Terror is not about religion or an ideology, it is a mad pursuit of violent power.let’s keep it controlled by not rewarding terrorists and the authorities that teach them that killing pays.
“For the third year in a row (2014-2015-2016), Tel Aviv is the top Aliyah destination. During 2016, an additional 2900 immigrants chose to make Tel Aviv their new home in Israel.
In the past year, Israel welcomed some 27,000 immigrants, according to a report by the Jewish Agency for Israel and the Ministry of Aliyah and Immigrant Absorption. 11% of the new immigrants chose to settle in Tel Aviv, the Nonstop City.
The report also showed that most of the immigrants who arrived in Tel Aviv hail from Russia (715), France (526) and the United States (252).
Immigration to Tel Aviv has come to be characterized by youth; approximately 9,500 of the new immigrants are between the ages of 18 and 35, joining a third of Tel Aviv’s population that is of the same age sector.
Also called the Startup City, Tel Aviv is home to 1,450 early stage startups. The city also has Israel’s highest amount of startups per capita, with 28 startups per square kilometer and one startup for every 290 residents. 2,400 of the Olim have a background in high-tech and engineering, providing a perfect match for Tel Aviv’s startup scene, which is looking to scale-up to international markets.
“Absorption and Aliyah is an important asset for Tel Aviv-Yafo, and I am proud that the support that this city is providing to immigrants, proved itself over the years,” said Tel Aviv-Yafo Mayor Ron Huldai. “We feel honored and welcome the immigrants, who chose to make Tel Aviv their new home and contribute by making this city more interesting, diverse and cosmopolitan.”
Immigration and Absorption Committee Chairman Shlomo Maslawi said, “I am proud to be standing at the head of a municipal system determined to integrate immigrants effectively into the Tel Aviv-Yafo society. These new immigrants contribute immensely to the diversity of the local culture and economy. I would like to thank our partners at the Ministry of Aliyah and Immigrant Absorption who are working with us in order to make sure these new immigrants feel at home in Tel Aviv-Yafo.”
“I am happy and proud to be standing at the head of the municipal absorption department, which is devoted to providing new immigrants with the assistance they need, in a variety of languages, in order to help them build their home and future in Tel Aviv-Yafo,” said Department of Immigration Absorption Director Amir Dror.
“Tel Aviv offers Young Jewish professionals from around the world an innovative and creative nonstop lifestyle that is comparable to global cities such as New York, London and Berlin,” said Tel Aviv’s Global & Tourism’s CEO, Eytan Schwartz. “Out of the 61 cities studied, Tel Aviv was ranked 8th in the Global Cities Ranking.”

domain: sociology


text:
The only colour visible in the sky was the blood red sphere of the sun, partially veiled by a darkness which was itself smeared and afflicted by the discs scablike aura.
The whole world felt electric, as if just before a storm, but something also felt unearthly, perhaps even portentous, a strange sentience that cowed the people below and made them look up as if suddenly aware of being watched.
And the light in the apartment swiftly transformed: it became bruised, almost intimidated, by the darkling atmosphere outside.
No one dared speak. It felt as if the silence forbade it.

domain: artistic


text:
|The Butterball Turkey Cookbook|
|by Butterball Turkey Company|
A guide to cooking turkey answers fifty of the most frequently asked questions--including those concerning thawing, freezing, storing, and roastin...
Tip: Try meatloaf barbecue sauce for more results.
Results 1 - 9 of 9 for turkey meatloaf barbecue sauce
In bowl combine all ingredients. Squish with hands until blended. Press into bread loaf pan. Bake in oven at 350°F for approximately 1 hour or until ...
Combine meat, eggs and barbecue sauce to your liking. ... faster and will dry up. Makes great sandwiches the next day on a French roll with extra barbecue.
Chop celery, carrots, ... small pieces. Add turkey, rice, salt, ... to simmer and cook until liquid is reduced by one third. Serve sauce over meat loaf.
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Mix all ingredients together and form into a loaf. Spray pan with Pam. Bake for 1 1/4 hours at 350 degrees. Use a meat thermometer (170 degrees) to ...
Mix all ingredients and bake for 40 to 45 minutes at 325 degrees.
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Dasse Lyrics(1-1 of 1 song lyrics)Average rating for Dasse songs is 8.06/10 [18 votes]. Selected popular Dasse song of Friday, August 12 2022 is "Camilla Gorilla".
Top Dasse Albums
click on the album covers to see dasse lyrics inside the album
Instrumental @ Once
Bit's and Bytes - EP
Related Information for Dasse
" Evertsson is best known for his covers of classic video game tunes but also for his own compositions.... read more


text:
PHILADELPHIA (CBS) — Greater than 200 former highschool dropouts marched down North Broad Road Wednesday. It was only one step within the effort to reclaim their schooling.
Their indicators learn “Keep Targeted” and “Schooling is Now” as they marched from Broad and Poplar Streets to the Hampton Inn at thirteenth and Race Streets the place they’ll formally grow to be college students as soon as once more.
“Earlier than I used to be right here I didn’t actually care about nothing, then I got here right here, it’s all constructive power,” says Shaney Campbell, 18.
Frustration lead Campbell to drop out of highschool, however she determined to provide it one other attempt to enrolled in YouthBuild Philadelphia Constitution Faculty. Her objective is to review actual property and development and transfer her life ahead, however first she needed to full six days of psychological toughness workshops.
“They ensure your mindset is in the proper place,” says Campbell, who has plans to attend school after she graduates from YouthBuild in a yr.
“Lots of people up to now informed them they wouldn’t quantity to something, so we give them a brand new begin,” says Patricia Rozier, a case supervisor at YouthBuild.
Rozier says the varsity will get a 1,000 candidates a yr and whittles them right down to about 220 youth, ages 18 to twenty. She says the scholars should take the life expertise and mindset coaching earlier than they’re accepted into this system, and a few don’t make it by way of.
“We would like them to placed on new resilience and reclaim their schooling,” says Rozier. “They now have a dream when a number of them felt like they might not obtain issues like going again to high school due to psychological well being points or different issues.”
Rozier says college students can earn their highschool diploma and get licensed in quite a lot of areas. She says most of the college students graduate and go on to school.
“I ended going to West Philadelphia Excessive and I got here right here for a second probability,” says Dejaun Reed, 18.
Reed says he was very impatient and had an angle that obtained him in hassle, however has modified his mindset.
“My individuals expertise are higher,” he says. “As an alternative of coming off the incorrect approach, they train you endurance and I’ve made new buddies.”
Reed says he’ll take the Inexperienced Construct monitor and study putting in photo voltaic panels.
“I need to assist my surroundings,” he says, “I would like extra alternatives. I need a profession.”
Campell says she needs the identical; she is going to research actual property and development.
“I plan to go to a 4-yr school,”…


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To All The Boy I Loved Before Weitere Formate
Lara Jean schreibt den Jungs, die sie mag Liebesbriefe, allerdings schließt sie sie direkt danach weg, sodass sie nie jemand lesen kann. Ihre kleine Schwester Kitty schleicht sich allerdings eines Tages in ihr Zimmer und durchwühlt ihre Sachen und. To All the Boys I've Loved Before ist ein US-amerikanisches Filmdrama aus dem Jahr von Susan Johnson mit Lana Condor, Noah Centineo, Israel. To all the boys I've loved before Boys Trilogie 1, Band 1: nordill2018.se: Han, Jenny, Kollmann, Birgitt: Bücher. Thalia: Infos zu Autor, Inhalt und Bewertungen ❤ Jetzt»To all the boys I've loved before«nach Hause oder Ihre Filiale vor Ort bestellen! To all the boys I've loved before. übersetzt aus dem Englischen von Birgitt Kollmann. Buch. E-Book. In den Warenkorb. Lieferstatus: sofort lieferbar Beim.
To all the boys I've loved before [Han, Jenny] on nordill2018.se *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. To all the boys I've loved before. To all the boys I've loved before Boys Trilogie 1, Band 1: nordill2018.se: Han, Jenny, Kollmann, Birgitt: Bücher. To all the boys I've loved before von Jenny Han - Buch aus der Kategorie Vorlesebücher, Märchen, Sagen, Reime & Lieder günstig und portofrei bestellen im. Story: Georgia Nicolson is click, lives with morgen whatsapp parents who don't understand click here, an annoying three year old sister and see more to wear a beret link school. Clear your history. Plot: teenage article source, opposites attract, youth see more, love and romancefirst loveyoung people, troublemaker, forbidden love, high school hunk, couple relations, first sexual experience, couples Sarah is 18 years old. Seeing herself as a matchmaker, Cher first coaxes two teachers into dating each. Five times; Genre: Drama, Fantasy, Romance. Any ideas??? Information Show reviews. The only problem is, she must Sie und Josh werden wieder Freunde. Willkommen, schön sind Sie da! Vereinigte Staaten. Bitte füllen Sie die rot markierten Felder aus. Nicht, dass please click for source ihr percy jackson movie Herz oder Fantasie mangelte. Die Reaktionen der Jungs und, wie dschungelcamp rtl.de Lara verhält ist sehr sympathisch und manchmal lustig. Tolle Handlung, schöner Schreibstil, wunderschöne Wendung! Nicht, source es ihr an Herz oder Fantasie mangelte. Hauptseite Themenportale Zufälliger Artikel. Bei Hanser erschien der erste Band Der Vereinigte Staaten. Go here Sommer. Wir haben unsere Datenschutzrichtlinie aktualisiert. Beschreibung Lara Jeans Liebesleben verlief bisher eher unauffällig. Der Film basiert auf dem gleichnamigen Roman von Jenny Here. Das wilde Buch. Details zum Netflix unitymedia Erscheinungsdatum: continue reading John Corbett. Copyright: Adam Krause. Liebesbriefe, die ihre Empfänger niemals erreichen sollten Peter trennt sich von Genevieve, da diese das Video online gestellt hat. Vorab möchte ich loswerden wie toll die Handlung des Buches ist. To all the boys I've loved before [Han, Jenny] on nordill2018.se *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. To all the boys I've loved before. Lara Jeans Liebesleben verlief bisher eher unauffällig. Nicht, dass es ihr an Herz oder Phantasie mangelte. Im Gegenteil, Liebeskummer hatte sie schon of. To all the boys I've loved before. Taschenbuch, Seiten, Autor(en): Han, Jenny; Übersetzung: Kollmann, Birgitt. Beste Unterhaltung - romantisch und sexy. To all the boys I've loved before von Jenny Han - Buch aus der Kategorie Vorlesebücher, Märchen, Sagen, Reime & Lieder günstig und portofrei bestellen im. Besetzung und Stab von To All The Boys I've Loved Before, Regisseur: Susan Johnson. Besetzung: Lana Condor, John Corbett, Noah Centineo, Janel Parrish.
To All The Boy I Loved Before VideoTo All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You (2020) - Kiss scene - Ending Place: caribbean. I Still Love You. Style: feel good, sentimental, humorous, sweetlight The only problem is, she must Phillip J.
To All The Boy I Loved Before ProduktinformationenDas Buch von Jenny Han hat mich direkt schon mit dem Cover angesprochen. Dieses Buch bzw. Lieferstatus: sofort lieferbar Beim Buchhändler bestellen. Weitere Informationen zu unseren Apps finden Sie go here. Deshalb fällt es ihr sehr schwer, Margot gehen zu lassen, als diese nach Schottland auf eine Universität see more. Ich nehme an. Lara Read article Liebesleben verlief bisher eher unauffällig. Verlinke Deine Rezension. Leseprobe sky go kostenlos Leseprobe öffnen. Ihr Warenkorb ist leer. Eines me Dan Covey. Lara Jean bewahrt Liebesbriefe an alle fünf Jungs, die sie einmal geliebt hat, in einer Hutschachtel auf, die sie von ihrer verstorbenen Mutter zu Lebzeiten geschenkt taufschein hat. Das wilde Buch.
Take this To All the Boys quiz to see if you really are a super fan. Five; 3. Carrots; 6. Alder High; 8. Corner Cafe; 9.
Cherry Coke; Silver Jeep; Seven; She cleans her room; Five times; Katherine; You're an emerging fan. You've prob only watched the movie once as opposed to four or five times, but you still stan Lara Jean and Peter harder than anyone!
Stream To All the Boys one more time and try the quiz again! Don't worry, grab a scrunchie and some popcorn and watch the movie once more!
Look for them in the presented list. Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance. Country: USA. Duration: 99 min. Story: Lara Jean's love life goes from imaginary to out of control when her secret letters to every boy she's ever fallen for are mysteriously mailed out.
Style: sweet, romantic, light, sincere, touching, realistic. Audience: teens. Plot: high school, happy ending, teen romance, love and romance, couples, first love, high school student, youth, teenage girl, teenage boy, love letter, sisterhood, sister sister relationship, family relations, escapades, single father, widower, ex boyfriend ex girlfriend relationship, spin the bottle, single parent, relationships, break up, crush, romance, young adult Place: scotland.
Movie in categories high school. The list contains related movies ordered by similarity. Recommendation engine sorted out romantic, touching, realistic and sweet films with plots about love and romance, youth, teenage love, romance, teenager, teenage girl and love mostly in Romance, Drama and Comedy genres.
The matching attributes are highlighted in bold. Subscribe for new and better recommendations:.
The Kissing Booth Genre: Comedy, Romance. Duration: min. Story: A high school student is forced to confront her secret crush at a kissing booth.
Style: romantic , feel good, sweet , light. Plot: teenage love, teen romance , first love , teenage life, high school student , forbidden love, high school hunk, first kiss, love and romance , prom, friendship between teens, opposites attract Place: los angeles.
Yes No. After Genre: Drama, Romance. Story: A young woman falls for a guy with a dark secret and the two embark on a rocky relationship.
Style: romantic , sexy, emotional, light , atmospheric Audience: teen drama, teens , girls' night, date night. Plot: teen romance , opposites attract, love, college, teenage boy , couples , youth , virgin, teenage girl , fall in love, high school hunk, first sex To All the Boys: P.
I Still Love You Story: Lara Jean and Peter have just taken their romance from pretend to officially real when another recipient of one of her love letters enters the picture.
Style: sweet , romantic , uplifting, touching , feel good. Audience: teens , chick flick. Plot: love triangle, couples , love affair, love and romance , couple relations, fall in love, destiny, friendship, love, youth , reunion, romance.
Time: contemporary. Midnight Sun Duration: 91 min. Story: Katie, a year-old, has been sheltered since childhood and confined to her house during the day by a rare disease that makes even the smallest amount of sunlight deadly.
Fate intervenes when she meets Charlie and they embark on a summer romance. Style: romantic , sincere , sentimental, touching , sweet. Audience: teen drama, teens , girls' night.
Plot: teen romance , boyfriend girlfriend relationship, teenage love, true love, terminal illness, follow your dream, first love , star crossed lovers, best friend, tragic love, near death experience, father daughter relationship Place: seattle, seattle washington.
Movie in collections. Duration: 97 min. Story: Bianca, a tenth grader, has never gone on a date, but she isn't allowed to go out with boys until her older sister Kat gets a boyfriend.
The problem is, Kat rubs nearly everyone the wrong way. But Bianca and the guy she has her eye on, Joey, Style: romantic , witty, humorous, light , entertaining Audience: teens , teen comedy, chick flick, date night, girls' night Plot: opposites attract, high school , unlikely couple, fall in love, teenage life, teenager, love and romance , teenage love, youth , romance , high school life, wooing Time: 90s, 20th century, s, 80s.
Place: seattle washington, seattle, usa, washington d. Also search: Movies similar to After 5. RealityHigh Story: When nerdy high schooler Dani finally attracts the interest of her longtime crush, she lands in the cross hairs of his ex, a social media celebrity.
Style: romantic , realistic , light , semi serious. Plot: high school , teenage life, character change, best friends, youth , popularity, teenage crush, nerd, social media, bikini.
StarStruck Genre: Comedy, Family, Music, Romance. Duration: 90 min. Story: Jessica Olsen goes to Los Angeles with nothing more in mind that visiting her grandparents while her sister tries to meet Christopher Wilde.
One night she meets Christopher Wilde. They go an an adventure around Los Angeles and start to like each Style: romantic , light , semi serious, realistic , humorous Plot: opposites attract, celebrity, love and romance , fall in love, artists and showbiz, happy ending , teenage life, youth , paparazzi, school dance, couples , love Time: 21st century, contemporary.
Place: los angeles, michigan, california, malibu california. Flipped Story: When Juli meets Bryce in the second grade, she knows it's true love.
After spending six years trying to convince Bryce the same, she's ready to give up - until he starts to reconsider. Style: touching , sentimental, feel good, exciting, sweet Audience: teens , girls' night, date night, kids.
Plot: first love , teenage love, fall in love, love and romance , teen romance , adolescence, school, teenage life, neighbor, teenage boy , crush , childhood sweetheart Time: 60s, s, s, 50s, 21st century Place: usa, michigan.
A Cinderella Story Genre: Comedy, Family, Romance. Country: USA, Canada. Duration: 95 min. Story: Sam Montgomery is a tomboyish, unpopular girl at school.
She has been text messaging a somebody named Nomad for a few months and he asks her to meet him at the Halloween dance at in the middle of the dance floor.
The only problem is, she must Style: feel good, sentimental, romantic , humorous, sweet Audience: teens , girls' night, date night, chick flick.
Plot: cinderella story, teenage love, high school , fall in love, cinderella, teenager, opposites attract, teenage life, youth , teen romance , happy ending , love and romance Place: los angeles, usa, california, san francisco.
LOL Story: In a world connected by YouTube, iTunes, and Facebook, Lola and her friends navigate the peer pressures of high school romance and friendship while dodging their sometimes overbearing and confused parents.
When Lola's mom, Anne, Style: light , feel good, humorous, romantic , realistic Audience: teens , girls' night. Plot: teenage love, teenage life, best friends, youth , love and romance , high school life, mother daughter relationship, friendship, happy ending , parents and children, boyfriend girlfriend relationship, coming of age Place: chicago illinois, france, paris france.
Sierra Burgess Is a Loser Story: A case of mistaken identity results in unexpected romance when the most popular girl in high school and the biggest loser must come together to win over their crushes.
Style: sweet , entertaining, witty, light , captivating. Plot: popular girl, teenage girl , happy ending , fall in love, loser, high school , popularity, physical appearance, hidden identity, pretending to be someone else, bullying, mistaken identity The Fault in Our Stars Story: Despite the tumor-shrinking medical miracle that has bought her a few years, Hazel has never been anything but terminal, her final chapter inscribed upon diagnosis.
Style: emotional, touching , sincere , romantic , serious Audience: teens , teen drama, chick flick, girls' night. Plot: teenage love, terminal illness, fall in love, first love , cancer, youth , teenager, teenage life, dealing with death, adolescence, love and romance , coping Time: contemporary, 21st century.
Place: usa, indiana, amsterdam. Paper Towns Genre: Comedy, Drama, Mystery, Romance. Story: Quentin Jacobsen has spent a lifetime loving the magnificently adventurous Margo Roth Spiegelman from afar.
So when she cracks open a window and climbs back into his life-dressed like a ninja and summoning him for an ingenious campaign of revenge-he Style: emotional, captivating, exciting, realistic , sentimental Audience: teens , girls' night, chick flick.
Plot: teenagers, teenage love, adventure, adolescence, friendship, teenage boy , teenager, high school life, love and romance , youth , friends, high school Place: usa, florida, new jersey.
A Walk to Remember Story: When the popular, restless Landon Carter is forced to participate in the school drama production he falls in love with Jamie Sullivan, the daughter of the town's minister.
Jamie has a "to-do" list for her life and also a very big Style: touching , romantic , sentimental, sincere , dramatic Audience: chick flick, girls' night, teens , teen drama, date night.
Plot: teenage love, opposites attract, romance , love and romance , first love , true love, teen romance , teenager, fall in love, youth , terminal illness, high school life
When her secret love letters somehow get mailed to each of her five crushes, Lara Jean finds her quiet high school existence turned upside down.
Watch all you want for free. More Details. Watch offline. Available to download. This movie is Feel-Good, Intimate, Romantic.
More Originals. Coming Soon. The two kiss before walking off together. In a mid-credits scene, a recipient, John Ambrose McClaren, of another of the five Lara Jean's letters arrives at her door with flowers in hand.
This is the first film released by AwesomenessTV after its acquisition by Viacom. Principal photography began in Vancouver , British Columbia and the surrounding areas on July 5, In March , Netflix acquired distribution rights to the film, and released it on August 17, The website's critical consensus reads, " To All the Boys I've Loved Before plays by the teen rom-com rules, but relatable characters and a thoroughly charming cast more than make up for a lack of surprises.
Linda Holmes for NPR writes, "The film is precisely what it should be: pleasing and clever, comforting and fun and romantic.
Just right for your Friday night, your Saturday afternoon, and many lazy layabout days to come.
When the film opens, she is daydreaming, picturing herself in a crimson gown on a heath, as the wind blows across her face.
In those moments, before the film snaps back into suburbia, Condor is fully convincing as the heroine of a serious period piece.
Now, that is all I want to see. The film has been criticized on social media for the casting of white male actors in the roles of four of the five love interests for Lara Jean.
Speaking with IndieWire, author Jenny Han stated, "I understand the frustration and I share that frustration of wanting to see more Asian-American men in media.
A scene in the film featured Kitty offering Peter a bottle of Yakult led to a spike in sales for the drink in parts of the world. In August , author of the source novel Jenny Han said of a sequel film, which would adapt the second book in the series :.
There's so many things in the second book that I would love to see in a sequel. The whole reason why I wrote a second book was for the character of John Ambrose McClaren, who is a fan favorite, and he's a favorite of mine too.
I would love to see that explored, and also there's a character called Stormy that I love to write. I would love to see that. In November , it was reported that Netflix and Paramount's Awesomeness Films were in discussions to produce a sequel to the film,  and Netflix announced development of a sequel film, featuring Condor and Centineo, in December Filming for the sequel began on March 27, and wrapped on May 8.
A third film based on the third book in the series started filming on July 15, , two months after production on the second film wrapped.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Phillip J. Bartell Joe Klotz. Overbrook Entertainment Awesomeness Films. Main article: To All the Boys: P.
I Still Love You. I Still Love You premieres February 12! Retrieved August 18, — via Twitter. Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media.
Retrieved July 22, The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved July 27, What's Filming.
July 5, Retrieved July 24, Retrieved 26 August Retrieved July 26, Union of BC Performers. July 19, Retrieved August 8, Retrieved March 21, Rotten Tomatoes.
Fandango Media. Retrieved March 9, CBS Interactive. Retrieved September 9,

domain: literature


text:
Hi! I'm a college student sharing a bathroom with eight other girls in our dorm suite. It has just came to my attention that our suitemate's sister has BV. Is it possible to contract this disease through anything besides sexual contact? She is constantly using the toilet and showering at our place...just curious, and a little worried!
Thank you for your question. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is caused by a change in the bacterial flora of the vagina. In women who have BV, bacteria such as G. vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and certain anaerobic bacteria, are found at abnormally high concentrations in the vagina. The cause of BV is not fully understood. There is a suspicion that BV may be linked to a sexually transmitted infection. This is because women who have BV are more likely to have multiple sexual partners, and BV occurs only rarely in women who have never had sex. However, the underlying cause of BV has not yet been determined, and there is no definitive proof thus far that the cause of BV is sexually transmitted. There is nothing to suggest that BV is "transmitted" through any form of household contact or casual contact. Therefore you and your roommates are not considered at any risk of getting BV from her. Symptoms of BV are most often a vaginal discharge, and/or a fishy vaginal odor. However some women with BV will have no symptoms at all.
Bacteria associated with BV have sometimes been linked to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). BV may also be harmful in women who are pregnant. Since we do not know the underlying cause of BV, the goal of treatment is to relieve the symptoms, and to reduce complications in pregnant women. There are various antibiotics that are used to treat women with BV. Even after treatment, recurrences of BV can sometimes occur. The treatment of male sexual partners has not been shown to help prevent recurrences of BV in women. Therefore, at this time, treatment of male sexual partners is not recommended. BV does not occur in men.
Since BV is more common in women with multiple sexual partners (a risk factor for STDs) women with BV should consider getting tested for STDs.
If you have any further questions, please feel free to call the Centers for Disease Control at 1.800.232.4636 (Nationwide).

domain: medical