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Motown, in full Motown Record Corporation, also called Hitsville, recording company founded by Berry Gordy, Jr., in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in January 1959 that became one of the most successful Black-owned businesses and one of the most influential independent record companies in American history. The company gave its name to the hugely popular style of soul music that it created. Moving from Georgia to Detroit, Gordy’s family was part of the massive migration of hundreds of thousands of African Americans from the South during and after World War I, lured largely by the promise of work in Northern manufacturing industries such as Detroit’s auto plants. Gordy’s parents, hardworking entrepreneurs, instilled in their children the gospel of hard work and religious faith. They also played a major role in financing Gordy in his early years in the music business. Following an attempt at a professional boxing career and a stint in the army during the Korean War, Gordy entered the music business. He briefly owned a jazz record store, but his true love was songwriting. Although he could not read music, he demonstrated an unerring ability to gauge whether a song had the elements of popular appeal. Before forming Motown, Gordy tried to make it as an independent songwriter and record producer, cowriting hit songs for Jackie Wilson, another former boxer and Detroiter, and Marv Johnson. Despite his success, Gordy remained on the fringes of the popular music business, making very little money, until he discovered William (“Smokey”) Robinson, a Detroit high schooler with a soothing falsetto and an ear for sweet lyrics. In 1959, not long after recording Robinson’s group, the Miracles, for New York-based End Records and establishing Jobete Publishing Company, Gordy began Motown Records (its name derived from Detroit’s nickname, “Motor City”). A number of factors came together to make Motown’s success possible at this time. First, after World War II, big-band swing, the dominant popular dance music in the United States during the Great Depression, became passé. Big musical units were no longer economically feasible. Jazz had been taken over by a new group of Young Turk stylists; calling themselves beboppers, they were inclined to play music for listening rather than dancing. Second, a new urban dance music, rhythm and blues, was ascendant. Emerging primarily from inner-city ghettos and popularized by such bandleaders as Louis Jordan and Lionel Hampton, rhythm and blues was almost exclusively recorded by small independent labels. Of the three major recording companies - Columbia, Capitol, and Decca - only the last showed any interest in the exciting new music that would spawn rock and roll. During the 1950s it was possible for a young entrepreneur with an ear for this music to start a moderately successful independent company producing a sound that appealed to young people and inner-city African Americans. Third, by the late 1950s two other Black-owned independent record companies that specialized in rhythm and blues and rock and roll had been enjoying considerable success for nearly a decade - Peacock Records, formed in Houston, Texas, by Don Robey, and Vee Jay Records, formed in Chicago by Vivian Carter Bracken, James Bracken, and Calvin Carter. Therefore, Gordy was not going into completely uncharted territory as a Black music entrepreneur. In 1959, the year Gordy founded Motown, Harry Belafonte became the first African American to produce a Hollywood film, Odds Against Tomorrow, through his own company. The social change promised by the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka school desegregation decision and the new civil rights activism made this a heady time indeed to be an enterprising African American - anything seemed possible. Moreover, Black radio had become a force in the marketing of popular music after World War II. This gave Black listeners great clout as consumers and made it possible for Black record company owners to market their wares directly to this growing audience. During the 1960s Motown became one of the reigning presences in American popular music, along with the Beatles. Gordy assembled an array of talented local people (many of whom had benefited from the excellent music education program at Detroit public schools in the 1950s) at 2648 West Grand Boulevard, destined to become the most famous address in Detroit. Serving as both recording studio and administrative headquarters, this two-story house became the home of “Hitsville.” Motown’s roster included several successful solo acts, such as Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder (a star as both a child and an adult), and Mary Wells. In addition to the Miracles, who notched Motown’s first million-selling single, “Shop Around” (1960), there were several young singing groups, including the Temptations, Martha and the Vandellas, and the Marvelettes. There also were a number of somewhat older groups that scored big, such as the Four Tops, the Contours, and Junior Walker and the All-Stars. A number of acts that were not developed by Motown wound up enjoying hit records during a stint with the company, including the Isley Brothers and Gladys Knight and the Pips. Yet, despite the considerable acclaim these performers garnered, no Motown act of the 1960s matched the success of the Supremes, a girl group that scored number-one hits with “Where Did Our Love Go,” “Baby Love,” “Come See About Me” (all 1964), “Stop! In the Name of Love,” “Back in My Arms Again,” “I Hear a Symphony” (all 1965), and “You Can’t Hurry Love” (1966). Not only were they the second most successful singing group of the decade - surpassed only by the Beatles - but they remain the most successful female singing group of all time. The group’s glamorous lead singer, Diana Ross, went on to a remarkable solo career as a singer and a moderately successful career as an actress. Not only did Motown’s acts become famous but its songwriters and producers also became household, or at least familiar, names. Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Eddie Holland, who wrote and produced most of the Supremes’ mid-1960s hits, were nearly as famous as the Supremes themselves, and their squabble with Gordy over money, which resulted in a nasty lawsuit and their departure from the company, was major industry news. Robinson was an important songwriter at Motown, as were Sylvia Moy, Norman Whitfield, Mickey Stevenson, Ivy Joe Hunter, and Gordy himself. All these songwriters were also producers. Some were assigned by Gordy to work with specific acts. Such fame did some of Motown’s writers achieve and such problems did their fame cause for Gordy that, when the Jackson 5 were signed by the company in 1969, the team that wrote the group’s early hits was credited simply as the Corporation. Motown had an extraordinary house band (known as the Funk Brothers) made up of some of the best nightclub and bar musicians in Black Detroit, including Earl Van Dyke on keyboards, Benny Benjamin and Uriel Jones on drums, and James Jamerson on bass. They played a huge role in the development of the Motown sound, a branch of soul music that featured more sophisticated arrangements and orchestration than the grittier Southern soul that contemporaneously flourished at as the Memphis Sound. Motown brought together rhythm-and-blues, gospel, and pop influences as it sought to “cross over” (i.e., move beyond single - genre listeners) to reach a wide audience that included white teenagers. Motown records were specifically mixed to sound good on car radios and were characterized by a thumping backbeat that made dancing easy for everyone. Motown sought to be and became the “Sound of Young America.”
Despite its great number of hits, Motown was actually a small company, but it was run with unmatched efficiency. Gordy prided himself on having learned about producing a quality product from a brief stint on the assembly line at an auto plant. He had rigorous quality control meetings, and only records that could pass the harsh criticism of his assembled brain trust were released. As a result of Gordy’s stringent measures, at the height of its popularity (in the mid- to late 1960s), Motown enjoyed the highest hit ratio for its released singles of any record company in history. In truth, Gordy had to employ these extraordinary means if a company as small as his was to survive against bigger companies in the popular music business. Artist development at Motown was comprehensive. Equal parts finishing school and academy of popular arts, the company provided its acts with elaborate choreography under the tutelage of Cholly Atkins. Young women raised in public housing projects, like the Supremes, were schooled in the social graces, and chaperones accompanied the package-tour bus cavalcades that brought Motown to other parts of the United States during the company’s early years. Motown enjoyed its greatest success between 1965 and 1968, when it dominated the Billboard charts. Although the company was never quite the force in the 1970s that it was in the ’60s (having lost several key performers), it was still a formidable enterprise with the Jackson 5, the Commodores, Wonder, and Ross. In 1971 Motown released what became, arguably, the most influential soul record ever, Gaye’s What’s Going On. In the late 1960s Detroit was wracked with violent race riots, and in the early ’70s the company relocated to Los Angeles, where its move into filmmaking was generally fruitful. Motown’s most famous film, Lady Sings the Blues (1972), starred Ross and was loosely based on the career of jazz singer Billie Holiday. In the 1980s Gordy found it difficult to prosper in a music industry increasingly dominated by multinational conglomerates, and in 1988 he sold Motown to MCA, which later sold the company to Polygram. Motown became part of the Universal Music Group when UMG acquired Polygram in 1998. Motown remained a force in popular music—a vital, near-primal influence with stunning longevity. No one has quite been able to reproduce the classic Motown sound.


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Who’s behind The Black Sheep?
Nope ! The team is indeed not a proper Black Sheep.
It’s two young explorers who never walked on the formal path and never liked to follow the herd. This is where The Black Sheep’s name comes from.
The team is composed of Justine & Amandine. They’re young and dynamic, and are respectively from the West Coast and East of France. One of the many things they have in common is that they chose to establish their “Home Sweet Home” in South Africa for the past few years already.
They are some of those who practice their passion as their full-time job and always keen on discovering new cultures. They are aware that tourism needs to be sustainable and responsible. This is why they are doing their utmost in order to plan the most amazing trip to their “Black Sheep” community while working closely with partners sharing their values.
Respect of one another and the environment
Transparency towards our travelers and partners
Sharing experiences and mutual enrichment

domain: sociology


Virgin Media (Nasdaq: VMED) and BSkyB would like to see Project Canvas, the Internet TV joint venture developed by BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Talk Talk and Arquiva, left blank.
Virgin is the more aggressive of the two conventional cable TV providers, filing an official complaint to media watchdog group Ofcom and petitioning the Office of Fair Trading to step in.
BskyB is reportedly "still considering its options" about how far to take its opposition.
Virgin maintains that the Project Canvas partners have reneged on a pledge of creating a set of open standards for next gen TV that will leave non-Canvas partners out of the mix. A Canvas spokeswoman demurred, noting that the group "will create an open standards-based Internet-connected TV environment within which competition and innovation can flourish."
Project Canvas opponents including Virgin have pointed to the Google Android mobile phone as the standard for openness rather than having something determined by a group of partners who account for about 66 percent of television viewing in the UK and over half of the broadband market. Ofcom would only confirm that it received Virgin's complaint and would assess it to determine whether more investigation is needed.
Canvas names STB partners
Virgin flogs BBC Trust, Canvas


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As mentioned above, the surgery uses a camera to create a virtual image or Virtual 3D that the surgeon emits! The question is, why are the divine surgeons? All of them had to go and panic. when we can shoot It should be good to be able to create 3D images before surgery, right? Patients can see their faces or tell their needs.
Note : Plastic (Cosmetic) Surgery Center that is notable all around the world You can track down more data about medical procedure at bangmodaesthetic.com
Moreover, hundreds and hundreds of patients are afraid of surgery, whether it’s fear of pain, fear of not sleeping, fear of not being beautiful, fear of being too high, fear of piercing, fear of bending, fear of tilting, and many other things to be afraid of. Finally, before the dilemma (Operative bed) so I told the writer indirectly that let’s take nature. and then go to sleep… When finished, the patient wakes up. The fear is gone. The pain is gone. The worry is gone. The only thing left is fear, not jumping. Who told the writer to ask for nature)
When the writer talked to other surgeons including company representatives who sell this camera. When summed up as a single item Why are so many writers not I want to use this camera as follows.
- It is not the same as the image created by a 3D camera.
- The patient sees his face from the camera. Then change your mind and don’t do it. 3. When you have a 3D camera it turns out to be a lot of sick people (More is good. Strange. Many patients say it’s not good….haha)
In the end, this camera cannot be sold. Until now, there are only clinics where Writers do it only where there is (looks proud, but the experience of the writers using 3D cameras with patients in Thailand found that Most of the patients liked this camera very much, which gave the writer a different idea from other surgeons.)
Many times the patient will say, “ Let me hear a little here and there, but the words “little” and “little” by the writer and the patient can’t be measured in terms of volume. We can do the words little by little to understand each other. and there are many When a patient tries to make a 3D camera and doesn’t like it Picture your own nose up. There are many that change their minds and do not do. In this respect, the patient gets full benefit because I saw a picture of myself before doing it. So that you don’t have to hurt yourself first, you don’t have to actually try surgery.
Sometimes the patient himself said, “ Ask for a long nose tip, ask for a dropper shape, and then pull the tip of the nose to see. (Haha…after surgery, the meat doesn’t stretch like that.) But many times the visualization made the patient change his mind, not the dropper, or several times the writer tried to create a drop of water from the camera for the patient. Look, the patient said that he didn’t want to take the cape.
In conclusion, technology is both good and bad. It’s up to us which part we choose. that is suitable for us to use the most
The last question asked: Are the writers confident that they can? It can be done like a virtual picture. If you can, what percentage of the writer can do it?
If asked like this, he must answer. Ask the patients who had rhinoplasty with the writer. How better is it? (Writer’s patients do not like to review on various surgery web forums because there are a lot of bangs. Afraid of getting kicked….haha) Normally, writers do like 90 percent. But for other writers, the writers don’t know.
Why Korean rhinoplasty?
The writer had the opportunity to watch a famous TV show. A late-night broadcast that broadcasts a video showing the newest rhinoplasty surgery from Korea. The writer therefore asked the question: Is this the latest?
in the fact that the removal of cartilage behind the ear for tip surgery
The nose or wing of the nose has been done for a long time. and the country that has been doing it for a long time not far away It’s Thailand! which true fans of Korean rhinoplasty are probably well known. If you try to find information Korean rhinoplasty in Thailand
Korean rhinoplasty is not only good. But there are disadvantages as well, which the writer would like to clarify as follows.
- Rhinoplasty using ear cartilage will have to lose some of the ear cartilage Of course, the ears will never be the same.
- In the case of small ears It may not be possible to use the cartilage behind the ear. because the amount of cartilage used for nose tip surgery is not enough The need to raise the tip of the nose or wing of the nose
- The material used for rhinoplasty instead of silicone is said to be a porous material.
Veins and tissues can be inserted called Gore Tex, but since Gertex is usually a medical material used for make artificial blood vessels or for closing the abdomen that is a hernia because It is a soft and porous material, so when inserted So Gertex looks more beautiful and natural than silicone surgery. But if there is a problem that need to fix the nose again will be quite difficult because it is difficult to remove
But when everyone reads to this point, you might be surprised that ah….it’s soft. Smooth is better, isn’t it? In fact, if it is too soft or too soft, the problem is that the material cannot be used to form a beautiful shape like silicone. Abdomen is cut into sheets and used to augment the nose. He laughed for a while and then quit. because it really adds up But can’t form a shape, so it’s not beautiful. Even if it is suitable for some people
First of all, we must understand that How many methods are there actually for rhinoplasty?
In general, there are two methods of rhinoplasty, which are Close Technique (which is rhinoplasty with surgical incisions in the nostrils) and Open Technique (which is rhinoplasty with surgical incisions both inside and outside). outside the nose – at the base of the nose)
in that country Most of the surgery is Close Tech • is a nose augmentation by inserting a silicone that is reshaped and inserted through the nose , which will add silicone from the bridge of the nose to the tip of the nose. The skin at the tip of the nose is thin from silicone insertion. And because the skin of Thai people is quite thin and easily scarred.
Europeans and Northeast Asians already have many doctors. Therefore, it is not popular to enhance the tip of the nose to be longer than normal or long with water droplets.
Who is Open Technique surgery suitable for? This type of surgery is suitable for patients who need to adjust. change the tip of the nose and trimmed the cartilage at the tip of the nose to make it stand up like western nose shape or in those who want the tip of the nose to prolapse However, with open technique surgery, there will be incisions outside the base of the nose and scarring may occur.

domain: medical


Although presidential politics are coloring the perception of domestic manufacturing, U.S. factory production in June increased at the fastest pace in more than a year. The Institute for Supply Management’s leading index, the PMI, increased by 1.9 percent from May to reach 51.3 percent. Any number over 50 indicates the sector is growing.
Although the June data was largely collected before Britain’s historic vote to leave the European Union, the ISM surveyed its manufacturing and non-manufacturing members on Brexit. The survey found that, while most procurement executives do not foresee major disruptions, many are cautiously watching the situation closely and believe Brexit will hamper growth.
When asked to project what could be the net financial impact of Brexit on their organization, a majority (58 percent in manufacturing, 61 percent in non-manufacturing) believed Brexit would have a negligible impact on their firm. About one in three surveyed thought their firm would be negatively or slightly negatively impacted. Only a small proportion (less than 10 percent) felt their business would be positively or at least slightly positively impacted by Brexit.
For the remainder of 2016, procurement executives indicated that they were most concerned about financial market uncertainty and currency movements, according to the ISM. Secondarily, they were concerned about global growth overall.
Supply management executives were least concerned about their firm’s trade links with the U.K. and EU. A strong majority of those queried believed Brexit would have a negligible impact on their capital spending plans. Fewer than one in five respondents expected that their capital budgets would be negatively impacted. Only a very small proportion of respondents saw Brexit as spurring their capital budget, ISM found.
Among respondents projecting a negative impact, ISM reported that changes in the exchange value of the dollar could be the most direct cause of their challenges. Changes in global demand is seen as a secondary cause and a change in demand for goods and services by their customers in the United Kingdom is seen as a possible, though somewhat unlikely, reason for not meeting expectations.
Solid June Report
All of the indexes supporting the June PMI showed improvement. Production increased 2.1 percent to 54.7; new orders increased by 1.3 percent to 57.0; and manufacturers’ backlog grew by 5.5 percent to 52.5. Exports grew by 1 percent to 53.5. “It’s a very solid report overall,” said Brad Holcomb, chair of the ISM’s Manufacturing Business Survey Committee. “The numbers are all positioned in the right direction: the PMI is the highest it’s been since February 2015; production is at its highest since July of 2015; employment is steady as she goes.”
Manufacturers are having a hard time keeping up with demand, he added: supplier deliveries are slowing and backlog is up. “That’s all reason for optimism,” Holcomb said.
The June index exceeded the most optimistic projection in a Bloomberg survey of economists, the news site reported. Thirteen manufacturing sectors reported growth, including the computer and electronic sector. Electronics industry respondents to the ISM’s monthly business survey said conditions remained steady month over month and activity was in line with forecasts.
In terms of the U.S. manufacturing industry, Holcomb’s point of view differs from the doomsayers. On an absolute scale, Holcomb said, manufacturing has continued to grow and remains a point of strength in the U.S. “The world loves our products, our prices and our innovation,” he said.
Although the services sector has outpaced manufacturing — manufacturing now accounts for 12 percent of the U.S. economy; down from 25 percent — it continues to grow. “Looking forward I think the industry will continue to build on its momentum and, aside from things like Brexit and politics, growth is set up to continue,” Holcomb concluded.