What is the American Petroleum Institute API 653 standard?
American Petroleum Institute API 653: Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction 49 CFR 195.432(b) Tank Inspection, Rep'air, Alteration, and Reconstruction Downstream Segment API STANDARD 653 THIRD EDITION, DECEMBER 2001 ADDENDUM 1, SEPTEMBER 2003 II? American Petroleum Institute Helping You Get The Job Done Right~M See all results for this questionWhat does API 650 and API 620 cover?API 650 covers atmospheric pressure tanks and API 620 covers tanks up to a gauge pressure of 100 kPa (15 psig). This standard covers horizontal tanks built in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section VIII, Division 1.See all results for this questionWhat are the specifications for api-620 storage tanks?API-620 covers the design and construction of large, welded, low- pressure carbon steel above ground storage tanks that have a single vertical axis of revolution. The maximum permitted internal pressure in the vapor space is 103 kPa (ga; 15 psig), and the maximum permitted temperature is 120ºC (250ºF).See all results for this question
What are the API standards for vertical pressure tanks?
This standard covers vertical tanks for atmospheric pressure and low pressure built in accordance with API Standard 650 and API Standard 620, 3 respectively. API 650 covers atmospheric pressure tanks and API 620 covers tanks up to a gauge pressure of 100 kPa (15 psig).See all results for this questionUnderstanding Diesel Fuel Storage RequirementsApr 01, 2020 · The vent pipe should be sized per API Standard 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks, but in no case should it be less than 1.25 inches inside diameter. Also, see Table 23.6.2 in api standard 620 tank a662m c AssemblingTank farm: Types, Design Considerations, Plot Plan api standard 620 tank a662m c AssemblingThe use of tanks is common in all kinds of plants found in oil & gas industry. 1. Process Plant 1.1. Refineries 1.2. Petrochemicals 1.3. Specialty chemicals 2. Terminals 3. Administration buildings 4. Material Handling Plants Storage tank are containers used for storage of fluids for the short or long term. Cluster of tanks together in a same are termed as Tank Farms.See more on piping-engineering api standard 620 tank a662m c Assembling
Tank design - word
Feb 04, 2016 · API-620 covers the design and construction of large, welded, low- pressure carbon steel above ground storage tanks that have a single vertical axis of revolution. The maximum permitted internal pressure in the vapor space is 103 kPa (ga; 15 psig), and the TANK BUILDING METHODOLOGY - IQPCV, New Appendix X (Duplex Stainless Steel Storage Tanks) and Appendix Y(API Monogram). OVERVIEW OF ASSOCIATED CODE EN 14015 -2004 IS BRITISH CODE FOR STORAGE TANK REPLACES BS 2654 Similar to API 650, API STD 620 design and construction of large, welded, low-pressure carbon steel storage tanks vertical axis of revolution. 15Standard CSA B620: Highway tanks and TC portable tanks for api standard 620 tank a662m c Assembling Scope of the standardFinding the standard in the TDG RegulationsHighway tanks specificationsTC portable tanks specificationsSee more on tc.canada.ca
Pressure Relief Valve Engineering Handbook
Proper sizing, selection, manufacture, assembly, test, installation and maintenance of a pressure relief valve are all critical to obtaining maximum protection. This handbook has been designed to provide a service to Crosbys customers by presenting reference data and technical recommendations based on our many years ofNFPA 30-2008: Basic Requirements for Storage TanksFeb 22, 2011 · 4 Chapter 21 Chapter 21 GeneralGeneral applies to storage of flammable and combustible liquids in fixed tanks exceeding 60 gal.(230L) portable tanks and IBCS > 793 gal. (3,000 L) portable tanks connected to fixed piping not used for processing Chapter 21 Chapter 21 GeneralGeneral basic design requirements tank can be of any shape, size or typeNACE SP0294 - Design, Fabrication, and Inspection of api standard 620 tank a662m c AssemblingDec 01, 2006 · This standard covers vertical tanks for atmospheric pressure and low pressure built in accordance with API Standard 650 and API Standard 620, 3 respectively. API 650 covers atmospheric pressure tanks and API 620 covers tanks up to a gauge pressure of 100 kPa (15 psig).
Images of API Standard 620 Tank A662m C Assembling
See allSee all imagesIPC 620 updating from Class 1 to Class 3Jul 16, 2017 · The IPC/WHMA-A-620 standard prescribes practices and requirements for the manufacture of cable, wire and harness assemblies. However, the standard does provide criteria for commonly used technologies Where uncommon or specialized technologies are used, it may be necessary to develop unique acceptance criteria with its updated class.IPC 620 Standards vs. Company Engineering Drawings (Prints)Dec 18, 2020 · API 620 - Do ALL "T" Joints Require RT? Inspection, Prints (Drawings), Testing, Sampling and Related Topics: 3: Feb 9, 2011: S: API Std 620 vs. API 650 standard? Which is the least restrictive in designing a tank? Manufacturing and Related Processes: 1: Dec 21, 2010: M: Druck DPI 620 Advanced Modular Calibration System: General Measurement api standard 620 tank a662m c Assembling
Floating roof tanks - PetroWiki
When product vapor pressure is greater than 0.5 psia (more in some states) but less than 11.1 psia, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency permits the use of a floating-roof as the primary means of vapor control from the storage tank. Floating-roof tanks are not intended for all products. In general, they are not suitable for applications in which the products have not been stabilized (vapors removed). The goal with all floating-roof tanks is to provide safe, efficient storage of volatile products with minimum vapor lSee more on petrowiki.spe.orgFACTORY-WELDED TANK SPECIFICATIONSAug 01, 2014 · A. Vendor to quote on the nearest standard size welded tanks of manufacturer. B. Based on the International Building Code, when designing a tank, the load api standard 620 tank a662m c Assembling API 620 Section 3.10 with allowable seam loads based on the principles of api standard 620 tank a662m c Assembling Wear-back elbows on fill pipe assembly 8. TC target box located in tank center dome 9. eck manway access (20 api standard 620 tank a662m c AssemblingEEMUA Publication 159 DigitalIt offers guidance on tanks built to BS, EN or API standards for the storage of petroleum and chemical feed-stocks and products and refrigerated gases. These standards include BS 2654, API 620 and API 650, DIN 4119-1 and -2, CODRES, G0801 and EN 14015. In addition, since EEMUA 159 contains information on many topics that are not covered in API api standard 620 tank a662m c Assembling


text:
Clinical News with Dr Andrew Connolly
Kia ora tatou Here at Counties Manukau we’re very pleased with the recent announcements on easier immigration paths for health personnel wanting to join us from overseas. On the list are some professions we urgently need, and this should pay dividends in our hospitals and services.
CMO News 15 March 2022
To the start of this week there have been over 87,000 COVID-19 cases in Counties Manukau region. We hope we are plateauing in case numbers this week and we are looking forward to an easing up of hospitalisations in the coming weeks.
CMO News 20 January 2022
Our focus on preparation for the omicron variant of COVID-19 continues. The outbreak of omicron in our community will place demand on our hospital system as we know it will rapidly infect many people. It’s pleasing to see the commencement of the paediatric COVID-19 vaccination this week.
Latest News - Chief Medical Officer
After a long lockdown in Auckland, and a busy period as the spread of COVID-19 in the community adds pressure to our system, we are looking forward to the new protection framework coming into effect.
Community encouraged to get free vaccination
Media Release 24 July 2020| The Counties Manukau Health Immunisation team is encouraging the community to attend a free vaccination day at the Free Church of Tonga in Mangere on Saturday, 25 July, 2020.
School nurses trained for Measles programme
Media Release 30 August 2019 | School nurses are being trained to roll out a vaccination programme in schools as part of an opportunistic vaccinations programme in an effort to stem the number of measles cases in the Counties Manukau Health district.
Measles vaccinations being offered to patients and whaanau at Middlemore Hospital’s Emergency Department
Latest News 27 August 2019 | The measles vaccine (MMR vaccine) is now being offered to patients and visitors in Middlemore Hospital’s Emergency Department starting Friday, 23 August and running over the next couple of weeks from 1pm-9. 30pm daily.
Get vaccinated against measles now
Media Release 27 August 2019 | Counties Manukau is experiencing an outbreak of measles and everyone is being encouraged to ensure they have been vaccinated against this highly infectious illness. Immunisation is free for people aged 1-50 years, and it’s simple - just go to your local doctor.
Counties Manukau leads Vaccination Training Team to Samoa
Latest News 17 June 2019 | A nine-strong contingent of Counties Manukau nurses and support team has arrived in Samoa on a 10-day capacity building mission that will provide vaccination training and clinical support for nurses in the island nation.

domain: medical


Having problems with your Hoover steam cleaner dual tank 5000 series ?
How do I fix my water dispenser
Suction is good water will not dispense
Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for Hoover steam cleaner dual tank 5000 series
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Hello good afternoon, i have a Royal Sovereign water dispenser with a little fridge on the bottom part and the problem i am having is that the dispenser wont release cold water and the fridge wont cool either. i would like to know is there any thing i can buy to fix it or do i have to buy a brand new dispenser! Thank you for your time!!
We have an American Home AH2O-550F water dispenser. The hot water valve is leaking water. Is the repair covered under warenty? Where do I bring for repair or how should I fix.
Bissell proheat My Bissell won't dispense cleaning formula but it sprays water and sucks up the water. The attachments spray water but not the soap also. how to fix?
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My 2X Bissell carpet cleaner is not sucking the water back up after dispensing. I do not have any dirty water collected around the bladder. How do I fix that?
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It won't dispense water to scrub. How do we fix it. Can you use a vinegar solutionto clean the nozzles
First check that the sloution is getting though the valve below the tank. istall and remove the tank with water in it. you will see water in the valve assembly. when pulling the trigger, water will go down. if it does, check the diffuser above the br ... Hoover Floormate H3000 Upright Wet/Dry Vacuum
Detergent does not dispense on the foward stroke with trigger pulled, clean water does come out on the backstroke. Is this a relatively easy fix? I see some sort of rocker switch attached to one wheel, is this the problem?
I believe the rocker switch your refering too is the switch to shut the brushes off when in the upright position. As far as the solution problem.\015\012Determine if the valve cap is clogged if detergent won't dispense from the Hoover cl ... Hoover F7425-900 SteamVac V2 Widepath Upright Vacuum
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Cleaner will not dispense the water from the tank. It solution is dispensed but not the water from the blatter. It also picks up water from the carpet.
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My 12 am cleaner won't dispense water either!
Pump may be shot ... Bissell ProHeat Turbo Deep Cleaner Upright Steam Vacuum
My Bissell proheat 2x model 9200 is not dispensing cleaning solution. I hold the trigger and the carpet doesnt get wet at all. i poured water on the carpet and it sucks it up. the cleaning solution does mix with the water but it not being dispensed on the floor.
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NOT DISPENSING THE RED THING ON TOP IS NOT GOING ROUND AND ROUND. NOT DISPENSING WATER AND SOLUTION. it wont throw water
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The Hoover Steamvac Widepath will NOT pick up water. The dispenser with cleaner DOES have water. The TANK that would receive the dirty water is NOT full. All tanks are on properly and the machine will still not pick up the used water. I found a tear in the interior hose leading to the receiving tank and repaired throughly with electrical tape. Still will not pick up the water. Any suggestions?
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Water is not dispensing to clean carpet. Water
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This versatile flat-bar all-rounder can get your legs spinning and motivate you to be active every day. Commute to work, ride to class, find new adventures in your daily routine. With its lightweight ALUXX aluminum frame, upright positioning, and high-quality parts that give it a smooth, comfortable ride, the Escape Disc is totally versatile and totally fun to ride. It now features a high-quality steel fork and innovative D-Fuse seatpost. Both are great for smoothing out rough roads, absorbing shocks and vibrations, and giving you a smoother, more comfortable ride. The disc brakes deliver powerful braking performance in dry or wet conditions, and the 700c wheels with Giant EasyRide Tubeless tires (on select models) keep you rolling with speed, efficiency, and a reduced risk of flats. As an added bonus, there's clearance for larger tires up to 45mm in width, which makes it easier to ride rougher roads. It comes with integrated mounts, so you can customize your ride with racks or fenders. Whatever road or path you choose, Escape Disc is ready to roll. Balanced and efficient Lightweight ALUXX frame, fast-rolling 700c wheels, and confident upright positioning offer a balanced, efficient ride quality. Versatile and capable Powerful disc brakes and a wide range of gears help you increase your speed and tackle hills with more control. Rugged reliability Puncture-resistant tires feature the Giant EasyRide Tubeless system (on select models). Integrated rack mounts make it easier to carry your daily essentials or load up for weekend adventures.
Frame : ALUXX-Grade Aluminum Fork : Hi Ten steel Fork Shifters : Shimano Revo, Twist 7speed Crankset : ProWheel, 42T
Big Dummy is a long-tail cargo bike, which means that not only can you haul a serious amount of cargo, different accessories can be added to your Big Dummy frame and deck depending on what you want to carry. Being a dedicated single-piece frame, instead of an add-on to an existing bike, it's stiffer and resistant to torsional flex, which provides a better ride and longer lasting frame than long-tail add-ons. Like all Surly's frames, it's made of their size specific, 4130 CroMoly steel – a tube set engineered for cargo that sports lots of little touches that you've come to love in a Surly, like clearance for big tires and the use of common component sizes. Figure on being able to carry about 200 pounds (90kg) of cargo. The load weight, and how it's loaded, will affect the handling somewhat. Also, plan on using gears, especially as cargo weight increases. This may seem obvious, but as you get comfy with it, you will use your full range of gears as never before. The parts kit is good quality, and suitable to loaded as well as unloaded riding. It's got a 3x10 drivetrain, Avid BB7 disc brakes, quality Shimano Deore hubs, and 26x2.3" Kenda Kiniption tires. They've outfitted it with Surly-designed bags, deck, rails and Dummy Rail Collars; everything you need for the majority of stuff you might carry, like groceries, shovels, bags of charcoal or mulch, guitars, lamps, mannequins, whatever. Bags, deck, rails, and rail collars are all designed to improve on previous offerings and work together to make sure your stuff is transported with safety and stability. It's an unbending interface, which when you're carrying lots of cargo, is a good thing to have. Get creative, and get hauling. If you intend to carry a passenger on your Big Dummy, Surly requires use of their Dummy Rail Collars. These provide a secondary retention system for the rack, as well as stiffen the rack system. These are included with current Big Dummy bikes and frames, as well as available for older Big Dummy bikes and frames (compatible with all generations of Big Dummy bikes/frames). In addition, a stoker handlebar set up, found on tandem bicycles, is recommended as well. Make sure to check with seat post manufacturer for stoker handlebar compatibility. If you are planning to carry a child on your Big Dummy, Surly recommends the use of a child seat. They've tested the Maxxi Yepp seat. Yepp makes an adaptor that allows their seat to mount onto Surly's deck. It works well with the Big Dummy. At this time other child seats are not recommended and will void your warranty. Surly is testing other options. For the most up to date compatibility/options, check http://www.surlybikes.com/safety Note: keep in mind Big Dummy weight limits when carrying a passenger.
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By Czarina Nicole Ong Ki
The Sandiganbayan Sixth Division has denied the demurrer to evidence filed by former Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) Deputy Administrator Virgilio Ocaya in relation to the double compensation he reportedly received back in 2002.
A demurrer to evidence is an act made by the defense arguing that the prosecution’s evidence is weak or insufficient to reach a conviction.
Ocaya has been slapped with a violation of Section 3(e) of R.A. 3019, also known as the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, since he reportedly received additional employment compensation worth P240,000 from the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG).
On July 18, the anti-graft court issued a resolution and denied his motion for leave to file demurrer. Ocaya filed a motion for reconsideration on August 9 while the prosecution filed an opposition on August 14.
In his MR, Ocaya pointed out that the position of Deputy Administrator of the Regulatory Office was created through a concession agreement between the government and the water concessionaries. Because of this, the position is not a public office.
He further stressed that no evidence was specifically offered to prove that the position of Deputy Administrator is indeed a public office.
Ocaya added that there was no evidence proving that he received his “first compensation” from the Regulatory Office and that he obtained additional employment and compensation from the PCGG while he was serving as Deputy Administrator of the Regulatory Office.
But after a careful reevaluation of the evidence of the prosecution and the arguments of the accused, the anti-graft court ruled that the evidence of the prosecution is sufficiently established.
“The presence or absence of the elements of the crime is evidentiary in nature and is a matter of defense that may be passed upon after a full-blown trial of the merits,” the resolution stated.
“The validity and merits of a party’s defense or accusation, as well as the admissibility of testimonies of evidence, are better ventilated during trial proper,” it added.
The five-page resolution was written by Chairperson Sarah Jane Fernandez with the concurrence of Associate Justices Karl Miranda and Kevin Narce Vivero.


Study: Tri-State Area Has 2 Of Nation's Top 10 Worst Traffic BottlenecksThe American Highway Users Alliance says the very worst are in Chicago and Los Angeles, but number 8 and 9 on the list are the Lincoln Tunnel and Interstate 95 just east of the George Washington Bridge.
Marchers Raise Awareness For Traffic Collision Victims On World Remembrance DayParticipants marched to the United Nations from City Hall Park Sunday in effort to remember those who were injured or killed in traffic collisions in honor of World Remembrance Day.
Pol: Light Rail System May Be Answer To Sluggish Queens CommuteCouncilwoman Crowley wants to use existing infrastructure to build a light rail system with hopes of easing travel times for Queens commuters.
UN General Assembly Causing Annual Traffic Headaches On East SideThere are frozen zones, metal barricades, checkpoints, truck inspections, bomb-sniffing dogs and federal agents with assault rifles.
Guide To Pope Francis' Visit To NYCWe've put together all you need to know about Pope Francis' visit -- from how to get around, to where to grab a bite before his big procession in Central Park.
Inbound Lincoln Tunnel Tube Reopens After Crash Causes Heavy DelaysTraffic is moving again after a crash closed an inbound tube of the Lincoln Tunnel, causing heavy delays for drivers during the morning rush on Tuesday.
Study: New York City Is Fourth Worst For Rush Hour Traffic In U.S.A study conducted by Texas A&M finds New York is the fourth worst region for rush hour traffic in the entire country.
Separate Incidents Snarl Manhattan Morning RushIt was a tough morning commute for drivers and NJ TRANSIT customers after three separate incidents snarled traffic and transit in and out of New York City on Monday.
Traffic Moving Again On Westbound LIE After Tractor-Trailer Crash In MelvilleTraffic is moving again on the westbound side of the Long Island Expressway after a tractor-trailer overturned early Thursday morning.
NJ Turnpike Reopens Hours After Truck Fire In Linden; Driver DeadA smoky, fiery inferno erupted on the New Jersey Turnpike in Linden Tuesday morning, after authorities said a dump truck struck beneath an underpass and ended up on its side – leaving the driver dead.
Giant Water Slide Comes To Foley Square As Part Of NYC's Summer Streets ProgramThis year, there will be everything from a giant 270-foot water slide at Foley Square to art walking tours, bike rentals, a dog park and a zipline.
Residual Delays After Jackknifed Tractor-Trailer Closes Upper Level Of George Washington BridgeTraffic is moving again after a fuel spill from a jackknifed tractor-trailer briefly closed the upper level of the George Washington Bridge Monday morning.


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This Actually Happened: Ferguson Police Arrest Getty Photographer
Getty Images has confirmed that one of its photographers, Scott Olson, was arrested on Monday in Ferguson, Missouri. Journalist Amy K. Nelson posted a video in which Olson said he was arrested because police “said the media is required to be in a certain area.”
Clearly there is something disturbing in Ferguson and it’s not the protesters. Freedom of the press is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution – unless you’re in the city of Ferguson.
Image tweeted by Ryan J. Reilly:
The Guardian reports that Pancho Bernasconi, vice-president for news at Getty Images, said: “Getty Images staff photographer Scott Olson was arrested this afternoon in Ferguson, Missouri, while on assignment documenting the events there. We at Getty Images stand firmly behind our colleague Scott Olson and the right to report from Ferguson. Getty Images is working to secure his release as soon as possible.
“We strongly object to his arrest and are committed to ensuring he is able to resume his important work of capturing some of the most iconic images of this news story.”
Olson captured this – among other images – amazing photo of the protest:
Scott Olson just released. He said “I want to be able to do my job as a member of the media and not be arrested for just doing my job”
— Pancho Bernasconi (@DailyLuca) August 19, 2014

domain: news


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Walther PK380. Small conceal carry design. Features low profile three-dot polymer combat sights, Tenifer coated slide and barrel, loaded chamber viewport, rear slide serrations and manual safety.
Walther PK380 | Walther PK380 Magazine
Ergonomic Walther grip, paddle-style ambidextrous magazine release levers, ambidextrous slide stop. Picatinny accessory rail. Double/single action trigger. 11 pound pull for double action; 4 pound pull for single action. Eight round magazine with finger rest.
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The PK380 is not just good looking; it is small and good looking. The light weight goes unnoticed in a pocket or purse making the PK380 excellent for concealed carry. Its small grip is ideal for shooters with small hands, and the slide is easy to operate. walther pk380 laser
Frame Finish: Black
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Barrel Length: 3.7″
Sights: 3-Dot Combat
Weight: 19.2 oz
Frame Material: Polymer
Slide Description: Black


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A 49-year-old Northern Cape man was sentenced to 22 years imprisonment for stabbing his 37-year-old ex-girlfriend to death in her bedroom.
A NORTHERN Cape man, Dawid Baster, 49, was sentenced to 22 years imprisonment after being convicted of the murder of his 37-year-old ex-girlfriend.
Provincial police spokesperson Lieutenant-Colonel Sergio Kock said the deceased was stabbed 14 times with a knife at her home in Zwelitsha informal settlement in Marydale on October 13 last year.
The deceased, Elmarie van Wyk, was attacked in her bedroom after Baster kicked the door open. He stabbed her several times and she died on the scene.
Baster was arrested hours later by the police in Marydale.
Kock said that Baster was sentenced in the Northern Cape High Court on February 16, where he was handed down a sentence of 20 years for murder and two years for housebreaking with the intent to commit an offence.
The provincial commissioner of the SAPS in the Northern Cape, Lieutenant-General Koliswa Otola, commended Detective Sergeant Lowellen Smit from Marydale Detectives for his “meticulous investigation” of the matter.
Otola added that gender-based violence and femicide remained a priority crime and the SAPS would continue to protect the most vulnerable members of society.


Not in Our Name / Various
This CD showcases musical contributions from a host of well-known and highly respected artists. Highlights include the title track from Ani DiFranco's Evolve, a remix from Michael Franti & Spearhead, a live Ozomatli cut, and recent releases from Charlie Hunter and Les Claypool. The set also features a new recording of Jonatha Brooke's 'War'; an unreleased collaboration between Latin jazz pianist Omar Sosa, producer Greg Landau (Susana Baca, John Santos) and vocalist Manny Martinez (Los Mocosos), and a song from Shana Morrison (Van Morrison's daughter) co-written with Narada Michael Walden. The trend-setting world-beat group the Looters reunited to remix their WWII internment camp tale 'Manzanar', and two new voices make stunning debuts: breaking R&B talent Martin Luther, who just finished touring with the Roots, and Garrin Benfield, accompanied by Bonnie Raitt's band. The disc package exhibits powerful photography from Iraq by embedded journalist and 2004 National Magazine Award winner Evan Wright (Rolling Stone) and from Afghanistan by Alexandra Boulat (National Geographic). Proceeds from the sale of the CD will be donated to Not In Our Name.


The do-it-yourself audit: Measuring on the cheap No budget? Attend our free webinar on do-it-yourself audits. Here’s a preview. By Jim YliselaMarch 20, 2009 SHARE To read the full story, log in. Become a Ragan Insider member to read this article and all other archived content. Sign up today Already a member? Log in here. Learn more about Ragan Insider.


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But You Can Make It isn’t just about learning how to sew. It’s also about building confidence and creativity. You’ll gain the skills and knowledge to tackle any sewing project easily as you progress through the levels. Once Level 7 is accomplished, you will become a skilled and expert Sewist capable of confidently tackling any sewing project.
We understand that everyone learns differently, which is why we offer a variety of options for learning.
- Local licensed You Can Make It teachers are available in your area, providing hands-on instruction and support.
- If you prefer to learn at your own pace, our DVDs offer a convenient way to follow the program from the comfort of your home.
- And for those who prefer online learning, we’re excited to announce that online classes will be coming soon!
Ready to start your journey to becoming an expert Sewist? Choose the learning option that works best for you and take the first step towards mastering the art of sewing.

domain: hobby


Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) has predicted light to moderate rain or thundershowers in eight divisions, including Dhaka, in 24 hours commencing 9 am on Monday (September 11, 2023).
“Light to moderate rain or thunder showers accompanied by temporary gusty wind is likely to occur at most places over Barishal, Chattogram and Sylhet divisions; at many places over Rangpur, Mymensingh and Dhaka divisions and at a few places over Rajshahi and Khulna divisions with moderately heavy to heavy falls at places over the country," said a regular BMD bulletin on Monday.
Day and night temperatures may fall slightly over the country.
Country’s highest 132 mm rainfall was recorded in Chattogram’s Kutubdia in 24 hours till 6am today.
Meanwhile, mild heat wave is sweeping Rajshahi, Pabna, Sirajgonj, Rangpur, Nilphamari, Jashore, Chuadanga, Barishal, Patuakhali and Bhola districts and it may abate in some places, said the bulletin.
Monsoon is fairly active over Bangladesh and moderate over North Bay, added the bulletin.


text:
The Golden Gate has Iron Bars: Challenging California’s Progressive Reputation Part II
By Broderick Dunlap
The Beginning of the End
Even though these organizations endured scrutiny, harassment, constant police surveillance, interference, and infiltration from government agencies, they did not go away. In 1967, Huey Newton wrote “In Defense of Self-Defense: Executive Mandate Number One” in response to the proposed Mulford Gun Bill, that would repeal the current open carry laws. This bill came at the height of civil rights era riots in reaction to racist attacks that were taking place in Black communities all over the country. Newton believed the new legislation proposed by then California Governor Ronald Reagan, was a direct response to the BPP’s armed direct action at the capitol while state assembly members were meeting. In this statement, delivered by BPP co-founder Bobby Seale at the Capitol in Sacramento, Newton explicitly described the Mulford Act as a piece of racist legislation. He said:
The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense calls upon the American people in general and the Black people in particular to take careful note of the racist California legislature, which is now considering legislation aimed at keeping the Black people disarmed and powerless at the very same time that racist police agencies throughout the country are intensifying the terror, brutality, murder and repression of Black people.
He listed the atrocities carried out by the United States government domestically and abroad: internment camps for Japanese citizens during World War II, slavery, the genocide of Native Americans, and the bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
The government disliked the idea of having armed Black and Chicano youth patrolling their neighborhoods. California Governor, and future President, Ronald Reagan proposed the Mulford Gun Bill almost immediately after the BPP’s armed protest at the capitol in 1967. Although this bill was purportedly a public safety bill, Reagan’s real intention was to disarm the BPP, specifically, and other groups like them. Not only did the Mulford Bill disarm the BPP and Brown Berets, it also criminalized these organizations for being armed. Carrying a gun was now a crime, and it gave the police another reason to harass members of these groups.
Although state and local government agencies were not fond of armed youth of color leading protests in poor neighborhoods, the real reason these groups became the primary target of the FBI was their anti-capitalist ideology and anti-war stance. In order to neutralize this perceived threat Hoover created the Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO). A program whose sole purpose was to take out any Black leader or organization deemed to be a “Black Messiah.”
While the United States preaches political freedom, it is flagrantly anti-socialist and anti-communist and often disparages anyone who publicly endorses these political ideologies. The BPP and the Berets both openly opposed the Vietnam war, which they decried as unjust and unnecessary. They also pointed out the disparities in the draft which disproportionately shipped off young men of color from poor and working-class families to fight. Point number six in the Black Panthers’ ten-point program was:
We want all black men to be exempt from military service. We believe that Black people should not be forced to fight in the military service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like Black people are being victimized the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and racist military, by whatever means necessary.
As the anti-war movement grew, politicians began to find other ways to discredit the leaders behind these movements. “Law and Order” rhetoric had become the norm for up and coming politicians; they demonized the civil unrest that stemmed from protest and depicted people of color as violent, unruly drug users, and hippies. Instead of acknowledging that these protests and riots were often agitated by the police, or that these mass movements were a response to police brutality and socioeconomic and racial disparities, politicians focused on the riots themselves as evidence of criminality and anarchy. During Richard Nixon’s 1968 presidential campaign he ran an ad that was a clear attack on protests and activists’ groups. It said: “It is time for an honest look at the problem of order in the United States. Dissent is a necessary ingredient of change, but in a system of government that provides for peaceful change, there is no cause that justifies resorting to violence.”
This was a popular sentiment among most Americans. According to a Gallup poll, 81 percent of those surveyed believed that “law and order has broken down in this country” and they believed it was primarily the fault of “communists and negroes who start riots.” This led to a concerted effort to quell any form of civil unrest, including the formation of the first ever SWAT team in order to neutralize the Los Angeles chapter of the BPP.
Richard Nixon’s presidential campaign played on conservative anxieties about changes underway in American society, wherein women and people of color were taking more visible roles in politics and professional life, and many middle class whites thought those who didn’t look like them were affiliated with sinister, foreign, communist forces. Nixon appealed to the “silent majority,” those who were not vocal against the Vietnam war, who were not part of the counterculture, and who worried that the vocal cries of a minority would trample their own rights.
Typically white, blue collar workers, these Americans saw the protest of this era as irrational and did not tend to take an active role in politics. They supported the status quo and feared challenges to tradition. In mobilizing his “silent majority” as one faction, Nixon effectively made it easy to criminalize groups like the BPP and Brown Berets. As Nixon dismissed these people as drug users, he introduced the “war on drugs” and declared drugs “public enemy number one.” Nixon’s domestic policy advisor, John Ehrlichman, stated explicitly, who the target of the drug war was:
The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I’m saying? We knew we couldn’t make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did.
The Nixon election marked the demise of the BPP and Brown Berets. With Black Panthers and Brown Beret members assumed to be drug users, the police made their neighborhoods their primary target during this war on drugs. It is difficult to say exactly when the Brown Berets came to an end, but the BPP does have a watershed moment when their party began to decline. In 1977, Huey Newton went on trial for the murder of a prostitute, it is unclear whether these charges were founded in any truth or fabricated by the FBI during the COINTELPRO attacks. Regardless of the accuracy of these accusations, Newton’s image, and the Party’s image, suffered irreparable damage. Aaron Dixon, a BPP chapter captain and founder, recalled a run-in with the once-respected comedian Bill Cosby. Cosby said “Huey Newton is nothing but a two-bit gangster… He’s a murderer and a two-bit thug!” This was a popular sentiment among not only the average white person, but with the Black middle-class as well, and it had dangerous consequences. Not only was Newton perceived as a dangerous criminal, but most Black males were stereotyped in that way as well. When combined with the war on drugs, this led to a higher police presence in Black and Chicano neighborhoods. However, the war on drugs did not reach its peak until former California Governor Ronald Reagan was elected President.
The Wars at Home
Over time it has become clear that Ronald Reagan was a racist. In a recently-released taped conversation with President Nixon while he was still Governor of California, Reagan let it be known how he felt about African countries and their leaders. He was angry that The People’s Republic of China had become a recognized country by the United Nations (UN) and he blamed African nations and jeered, “To see those, those monkeys from those African countries—damn them, they’re still uncomfortable wearing shoes!” Instead of rebuking his virulent racism, Nixon responded with a big laugh.
Reagan already had a reputation for being “tough on crime” based on his previous racist attacks on the BPP. As California governor, Reagan had passed the Mulford Act of 1967, that had weakened them and rendered their self-defense programs nearly ineffective. Like his predecessor Nixon, Reagan used dog-whistle language, racist rhetoric attached to certain ethnic groups, to secure votes from conservatives and ordinary citizens who bought into the violent-activist trope.
Ronald Reagan built his career on the criminalizing and stereotyping of people of color. This wasn’t just limited to members of the BPP, though. For example, Reagan caricatured Black women as “welfare queen[s]… lazy, greedy, Black ghetto mother[s].” Reagan used this caricature to successfully pit working-class people against each other for his own personal gain. By implying that it was the “welfare queens” who used up all the resources while the honest poor and working-class white family struggled to get by, Reagan was able to harvest that misguided anger into a strong voter base for the Republican party. While dehumanizing Black women, Reagan also targeted Black men with the resurrection of the old “human predator” trope. He did this in an attempt to gain national support for his new drug war and used the media as his primary tool to do so.
As the war on drugs intensified, “thousands of stories about the crack crisis flooded the airwaves and the stories had a clear racial subtext.” The human predator was described as “a staring face… a face that belongs to a frightening reality of time: the face of the human predator.” As vague as that statement might sound, the underlying message was that this human predator was embodied by poor men of color. Black men, specifically.
Once Reagan was elected President, he kept his campaign promises and funded law enforcement agencies like never before. Anti-drug budgets ballooned over the span of just four years. The FBI’s budget grew from $8 million to $95 million and the Department of Defense’s anti-drug budget grew from $33 million to $1.042 billion over the span of a decade. Reagan funded the war on drugs by pulling funds from drug treatment programs and the Department of Education. Two of the demands made by both the Brown Berets and BPP concerned public health and education; Regan, who was the governor at the time of the founding of these groups, defunded both of these things nationwide in an unfortunate twist of irony, or in a deliberate act of retribution.
An unforeseen consequence of the unrest during the Civil Rights Movement was that businesses began to leave urban areas because these urban neighborhoods were now seen as dangerous. The economic turmoil and high unemployment that followed occurred simultaneously with the “war on drugs.” With limited job opportunities, many people in these communities felt their only option was to sell drugs; and with the introduction of new drugs like crack cocaine, selling drugs also became highly profitable. The saturation of drugs in inner-city communities justified the presence of law enforcement agencies in these neighborhoods and the expanding of their budgets led to a cycle of over-policing and criminalization in Black and Chicano neighborhoods.
By 1987 the war on drugs was in full swing. In September 1986, the Senate proposed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act carried some of the harshest penalties our criminal justice system has, such as: life in prison and the death penalty. Drug related charges now carried heavier sentences than some violent crimes and, according to Michelle Alexander, the Anti-Drug Abuse Act included “more severe punishment for distribution of crack, associated with blacks, than powder cocaine, associated with whites.”
While crack was basically just the cheaper version of powder cocaine, the media portrayed the former to be much more dangerous than the latter. According to Alexander, crack was described as “instantly addicting” and a “plague” in the Black community. Another flaw in this new legislation was that it made no distinction between whether someone was a drug dealer or a drug user. Anyone caught in the possession of cocaine had to serve a mandatory minimum of five years in prison.
With the criminalization of drug addiction, and with the draining of drug treatment program budgets to fund the war on drugs, this new legislation only exacerbated the public health problems that groups like the BPP and Brown Berets were attempting to solve.
While the Civil Rights Movement culminated in a number of tangible successes, like desegregation and the right to vote, the BPP and Brown Berets were focused on the unresolved issues of education, housing, and police brutality. Instead of addressing the issues that caused dissent within these communities, the government attacked and criminalized them. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 was a culmination of over twenty years of demonizing, discrediting, and criminalizing the dissent of poor and working-class communities of color. The cycle of criminalization and over-policing resulted in the justification of the growing number of people of color being incarcerated.

domain: history


text:
11/09/01 Minneapolis Star Tribune
@ Bob's Java Hut, Minneapolis, MN
She Cloned Me/ Cock Rock/ Rock Star/ Hairdo/ Let It Be/ Hairdo (Reprise)/ I Wish I Was A Planet/ Half a Brain/ Leaving On A Jet Plane (/w/ Art Alexakis)
*The band set up and played on the roof at Bob's Java Hut.
*The show was shut down shortly after it began by the Minneapolis Police.
11/02/01 Minneapolis Star Tribune
11/??/01 Minneapolis Star Tribune
(Images via NYCDreamin Archives)
Recently printed images from this show!
(Photos by Korey Lindberg via the Grant Lindberg Collection - used with very kind permission.)

domain: entertainment


The education provision in the $3.5 trillion reconciliation package may prove to be the most vital part of President Biden's Build Back Better plan.
President Biden took steps to preserve the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Act by proposing a rule that lists criteria one would have to meet in order to qualify.
“Real Housewives of Atlanta” star Cynthia Bailey will not return for Season 14 of the series.
The head of a Dutch truckers union had a message to the United Kingdom as it looks for foreign truckers to ease its driver shortage: no thanks.
The Bills, Titans and Packers are the best bets to make for Week 4 survivor pools.
The “Saturday Night Live” Season 47 premiere is almost here.
The Arizona Cardinals and Las Vegas Raiders are Week 4 underdogs despite their perfect records.
Murders spiked in the United States in 2020 across its major cities in its largest increase in decades, according to newly released data from the F.B.I.
John Hinckley, the man who tried to assassinate President Ronald Reagan, will be released from a Virginia mental hospital in 2022 due to his stable mental health.
Angelina Jolie and The Weeknd went to his Bel Air home after a long dinner.
The NL West and NL East titles have yet to be decided before the final week of the 2021 season.
One county prosecutor is warning truck drivers that protesting against COVID-19 vaccine mandates by blocking highways will not be allowed.
Nancy Pelosi has scheduled a vote for the bipartisan infrastructure bill, which has faced opposition over its price tag.
The Blackstone Group announced that it sealed a record deal with the sale of The Cosmopolitan casino and hotel on Monday for $5.65 billion.
The Yankees, Red Sox and Blue Jays could all finish tied atop the 2021 AL Wild-Card standings.
Facebook will pause its work on Instagram Kids following a slew of backlash.
"Unless he’s got a butt like a duck and can float, he’s not in there."
Boston Federal Reserve President Eric Rosengren, who was recently caught up in a trading scandal, is set to retire on Thursday over medical concerns.
The oral drug could prevent COVID-19 infections and symptoms before it has a "chance to replicate extensively."
A new U.S. Census Bureau report released Monday showed that the number of orders for durable goods for August rose to $263.5 billion but the number of unmet orders and high inventories remained a...


Thank you to everyone that attended the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina’s Community Meeting hosted by Chairman Lowery and Triangle Native American Society
Thank you to everyone that attended the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina’s Community Meeting hosted by Lumbee Tribal Chairman John L. Lowery and Triangle Native American Society at the Junior League Community Center. The Lumbee Tribe's Administration and Tribal Chairman provided key information regarding the Cultural Center, program process improvements, the creation of the Agriculture & Natural Resources and Health & Human Services Departments, COVID Funds, as well as services and programs that are available to out-of-service area tribal members.
Chairman Lowery illustrated the Lumbee Tribe’s path moving forward by highlighting our internal and external growth. He discussed the Cultural Center’s renovations, which included steps and a shelter that were added to the pool, the new Marketplace building located at the powwow grounds, as well as the updated playground. The Agriculture & Natural Resources (ANR) Department is a relatively new department that focuses on our farmers and the crops. The Health & Human Services Department assists those in need of heating and cooling assistance, peer support, medicated assisted treatment, as well as those that have experienced domestic violence. The Chairman also highlighted the current and future housing developments located throughout our tribal territory.
Tribal members living outside the service area(s) are able to apply for youth scholarships, student housing vouchers, down payment assistance, COVID Pandemic relief, as well as Veteran Services. For more information about our services and programs, please visit our website at https://www.lumbeetribe.com/services or call 910.521.7861.


text:
Issue 1: June 2015
Featuring work by: P. Ochieng Ochieng, Lily Mabura, Ruth Kenyah, Linda Musita, Moses Abukutsa, PD Mallamo, and John Obwavo.
Issue 2: April 2016
Featuring work by: Hawa Y. Mire, Otieno Owino, Monika John, Livingstone Lutomia, Nduta Waweru, Andiswa Maqutu, Sanya Noel, Jane Beal, Yuan Changming, Dylan Debelis, George Prue, John Ojonugwa Attah, and Abigail George.
Issue 3: March 2017
Featuring work by: Lutivini Majanja, Alexander Ikawah, Olubunmi Familoni, Wesley Tsuma, Diana Nyaki, Noel Cheruto, Doris Achenga Odit, and P. Ochieng Ochieng.
Issue 4: November 2018
Featuring work by: Chisom Okafor, Patrick Ngugi, Kariuki wa Nyamu, Tsuma Wesley Robinson, Robert Okaji, David Subacchi, Oka Benard Osahon, and Edith Knight Magak.
Issue 5: March 2020
Featuring an excerpt from Mukoma Wa Ngugi's forthcoming novel, "We Sing Tizita to Bring Back Our Dead."
Issue 6: December 2020
Featuring work by: Gladwell Pamba, Peace Mbengei, Kasịmma, Duncan Mwangi, Ebele Mogo, Jadesola Ajao, and P. Ochieng Ochieng.
Issue 7: March 2022
Featuring work by: Miriam Amoit, Martins Deep, Olubunmi Familoni, and Tee Ngugi.

domain: literature


text:
Latest news from Berwick and District Friends of Dementia
Local lad Andy Blair, who works on The Kittiwake Oil Platform, nominated Berwick and District Friends of Dementia to receive an award from the platform's Charity Fund. This nomination proved successful and a cheque for Â£250 was recently presented at Alz Cafe by David Johnson, on behalf of Andy and his company.
Tuesday, 10th January 2017, 8:00 am
Wednesday, 11th January 2017, 3:20 am
The friends are very grateful to Andy for his nomination and for the subsequent cheque from his company.


text:
(Press-News.org) Nearly a third of Americans who arranged for paid care for an older person or someone with dementia employed workers who were not hired through a regulated agency, according to a new RAND Corporation study.
Individuals who hired gray market caregivers were less likely to be employed and more likely to also use unpaid care for their family members. In addition, people who lived in rural areas had an almost five-times higher odds of arranging dementia care through gray markets as compared to those who lived in urban areas.
The study is the first national survey to probe the use of gray market care for older adults and people with dementia. The findings are published by the Journal of Applied Gerontology.
"Gray market care represents a substantial proportion of paid, long-term care for older adults and may fill gaps in access to care," said Regina A. Shih, the study's lead author and a senior policy researcher at RAND, a nonprofit research organization. "Better understanding of the use of gray market caregivers for older Americans is important to meet the needs of the nation's aging population."
The study defined gray market caregivers as paid providers who are unrelated to the recipient, not working for a regulated agency, and potentially unscreened and untrained.
The rapid aging of the U.S. is expected to increase the demand for long-term care and supports to help with the activities of daily living. Demographic and social trends are reducing the number of family caregivers available to help older adults. As a result, the need for home health aides and personal care aides is expected to grow by 36% from 2019 to 2029, much faster than the average for all occupations.
Many older adults who need help do not qualify for Medicaid-sponsored long-term services and supports, and may be unable or unwilling to pay out-of-pocket to hire nurses or aides through a home health agency.
To explore the use of gray market caregivers, RAND researchers in August 2017 surveyed a random sample of 1,037 members of the RAND American Life Panel, a nationally representative internet panel of adults. Those surveyed were asked about whether they had sought care for an older adult and where their formal caregiver was employed.
Among survey participants, 28% had arranged aging-related long-term care for themselves or someone they love. Of respondents who arranged any paid care (including those who combined paid and unpaid care), 31% hired a gray market provider.
Similarly, 31% of respondents who arranged paid care for someone with dementia also sought gray market care. Among those who were gray market consumers, 65% also arranged for or provided unpaid care themselves.
Researchers say that people with dementia who need long-term care and live in rural areas may have more difficulty accessing or paying for regulated home- and community-based provider than those who live in urban locales.
Regulations for home health care agencies vary by state, but they usually are required to perform criminal background checks, verify education or training, and maintain clinical records.
When workers are employed by an agency, they are generally covered by disability and liability insurance to protect consumers and providers in the event of on-the-job accidents. Agency-based employees also may be eligible for or contribute to social insurance and employee benefit programs.
"Without agency oversight, the quality of care provided by gray market caregivers is unknown, and the potential for exploitation or abuse -- of both the care recipient or the care provider -- has not been systematically studied," Shih said.
Researchers say that more research about the use of gray market care is needed to identify factors contributing to its use, improve the quality of gray market care, and provide training for dementia care skills among providers.
Support for the study was provided by The National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities.
Other authors of the study are Esther M. Friedman and Emily K. Chen of RAND, and Grace C. Whiting of the National Alliance for Caregiving.
The RAND Social and Economic Well-Being division seeks to actively improve the health, and social and economic well-being of populations and communities throughout the world.
HOUSTON - (June 21, 2021) - Rice University engineers have created microscopic seeds for growing remarkably uniform 2D perovskite crystals that are both stable and highly efficient at harvesting electricity from sunlight.
Halide perovskites are organic materials made from abundant, inexpensive ingredients, and Rice's seeded growth method addresses both performance and production issues that have held back halide perovskite photovoltaic technology.
In a study published online in Advanced Materials, chemical engineers from Rice's Brown School of Engineering describe how to make the seeds and use them to grow homogenous thin films, highly sought ...
A team of scientists from NUST MISIS and MIPT have developed and tested a new platform for realization of the ultra-strong photon-to-magnon coupling. The proposed system is on-chip and is based on thin-film hetero-structures with superconducting, ferromagnetic and insulating layers. This discovery solves a problem that has been on the agenda of research teams from different countries for the last 10 years, and opens new opportunities in implementing quantum technologies. The study was published in the highly ranked journal Science Advances.
The last decade has seen significant progress ...
AMHERST, Mass. - Millions of Americans will visit New England's beaches this summer to cool off, play in the waves and soak up the sun. Until now, the factors governing which beaches slope gradually to the sea and which ones end abruptly in a steep drop-off have been largely unknown. However, new research from the University of Massachusetts Amherst reveals, with unprecedented detail, how the grain size of beach sand relates to the slope of the beach itself. These new findings are critical to understanding how New England's beaches will respond to both rising sea levels and increased storm activity.
Many of New England's beaches are made up of a mixture of sand and small stones. Or, to be more precise, the grain sizes on these beaches are "bi-modal" ...
WASHINGTON -- Although quantum technology has proven valuable for highly precise timekeeping, making these technologies practical for use in a variety of environments is still a key challenge. In an important step toward portable quantum devices, researchers have developed a new high-flux and compact cold-atom source with low power consumption that can be a key component of many quantum technologies.
"The use of quantum technologies based on laser-cooled atoms has already led to the development of atomic clocks that are used for timekeeping on a national level," said research team ...
New findings published this week in Physical Review Letters, Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10??GeV/n to 2.0??TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station, suggest that cosmic ray nuclei of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen travel through the galaxy toward Earth in a similar way, but, surprisingly, that iron arrives at Earth differently.
A series of recent publications based on results from the CALorimetric Electron Telescope, or CALET, instrument on the International Space Station, or ISS, have cast new light on the abundance of high-energy cosmic ray nuclei -- atoms stripped of their ...
The human intestine is made up of more than 40 square meters of tissue, with a multitude of folds on its internal surface that resemble valleys and mountain peaks in order to increase the absorption of nutrients. The intestine also has the unique characteristic of being in a continuous state of self-renewal. This means that approximately every 5 days all the cells of its inner walls are renewed to guarantee correct intestinal function. Until now, scientists knew that this renewal could take place thanks to stem cells, which are protected in the so-called intestinal crypts, and which give rise to new differentiated cells. However, the process that leads to the concave shape of the crypts and the migration of new cells towards the intestinal peaks was unknown.
Now, an international ...
Extreme heat waves in urban areas are much more likely than previously thought, according to a new modeling approach designed by researchers including University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) assistant professor Lei Zhao and alumnus Zhonghua Zheng (MS 16, PhD 20). Their paper with co-author Keith W. Oleson of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, "Large model structural uncertainty in global projections of urban heat waves," is published in the journal Nature Communications.
Urban heat waves (UHWs) can be devastating; a 1995 heat wave in Chicago caused more than 1,000 deaths. Last year's heat wave on the west coast caused wildfires. ...
In a new publication from Opto-Electronic Advances; DOI https://doi.org/10.29026/oea.2021.200006, Researchers led by Professor Junsuk Rho from Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea consider switchable diurnal radiative cooling by doped VO2.
As the impacts of climate change are increasingly felt, thermoregulation technologies that do not consume external energy have attracted considerable attention in the field of energy-saving applications. Radiative cooling has received much research interest for its ability to cool an object even under direct solar illumination. Nanostructured materials, or multi-stacked layers, can be designed to control reflection and emission spectrum ...
Researchers at Tampere University and their collaborators have shown how spectroscopic measurements can be made much faster. By correlating polarization to the colour of a pulsed laser, the team can track changes in the spectrum of the light by simple and extremely fast polarization measurements. The method opens new possibilities to measure spectral changes on a nanosecond time scale over the entire colour spectrum of light.
In spectroscopy, often the changes of the wavelength, i.e. colour, of a probe light are measured after interaction with a sample. Studying these changes is one of the key methods to gain a deeper understanding of the properties ...
Biologists at the Universities of Bath and Vienna have discovered 71 new 'imprinted' genes in the mouse genome, a finding that takes them a step closer to unravelling some of the mysteries of epigenetics - an area of science that describes how genes are switched on (and off) in different cells, at different stages in development and adulthood.
To understand the importance of imprinted genes to inheritance, we need to step back and ask how inheritance works in general. Most of the thirty trillion cells in a person's body contain genes that come from both their mother and father, with each parent contributing one version of each gene. The unique combination of genes goes part of ...


text:
hi every 1 i love to make movies i always have since i was 8 and i alwhays was a fan of the movie ALIENS and ALIENS vs PREDATOR and i alwhays dreamed of making my own movie with me blowing up an alien or having it chase me or somthin
but i am kind of new to blender i just know how to get around in it and thts all.
im looking for a Alien model sorta like this 1
ecept 3d of course and i was wondering if any 1 new of any models tht i can download that look like this but if not then what are the steps to making my own??
What tuts do i need?? and if i did get the model then how do i add a video into blender and make an 3d object look like it goes behind me??? some1 please HELPPPP!!


text:
The former president of the Trader Joe’s market is hoping to open a store in Boston’s Dorchester neighborhood that would serve low-income families.
Doug Rauch, who spent three decades with Trader Joe’s Co. and helped grow a small, 17-store company in Southern California, into a national chain with more than 325 stores in 27 states, is convinced that still-edible food can be turned into a healthy, palatable and affordable meals.
The idea stemmed from his research into hunger while studying as a fellow at Harvard University’s Advanced Leadership Initiative. He said lots of food is tossed by America’s supermarkets today because it is near, at or past its sell-by date, but it still good.
Rauch is negotiating a 10,000-square-foot store in a building owned by the Codman Square Health Center in Dorchester that would serve as his Urban Food Initiative. The story was first reported in The Boston Globe.
Rauch, a partner at Apta Capital LLC in Conn. could not immediately be reached for comment.
Anthony Stankiewicz, chief advancement officer at the Codman Square Health Center, which owns the building at 637 Washington St., refused to comment.


In Nigeria’s contemporary history, nothing brings to fore our penchant for self-destruction as Nigerians than the #EndSARS protests that rocked the country last month. The whole of this page may not be enough for us to catalogue the acts of destruction visited on our institutions, especially in Lagos and many other states in the South-East.
The two security institutions that have suffered most are the Nigerian Police Force, which has seen tens of its personnel killed in cold blood and many of its stations destroyed and/or burnt to ashes, and the Nigerian Army, whose name we have continued to drag on the mud, preferring to believe false narratives against it concocted mostly for political reasons.
In this column a year ago, I narrated the amazing story of what happened when I was travelling in company with a close friend from Kano to Zaria. The guy is a state chairman of one of the major opposition parties in Nigeria, and the topic of discussion was the insecurity of Nigeria. Curiously, I asked him the question: would he want to see an end to the Boko Haram war that has been ravaging in our land for ten odd years? As most Nigerians would answer, his response was positive. But I found his response rather very shocking when I asked yet another question: as an opposition element, would he accord the credit to the Buhari administration if the Boko Haram terrorists were totally wiped out? In other words, doesn’t he think winning the war at this point in time could aggregate to a major plus for the Buhari administration that I know he hates with a passion? He answered without any equivocation that rather than have President Buhari score a plus through a total defeat of banditry and insurgency, he would rather have the twin evils continuing to abide with us.
And if one takes a close look at the social media, especially opinions emanating from many political enemies of the government of the day, one finds the tendency on the part of some Nigerians to go on a celebratory mood whenever our troops are attacked or killed. They do this first by making the news of any attack go viral, at times even jerking up the casualty figures to make our military appear weak. For them, the difference between President Buhari and the Nigerian military is that between six and half a dozen. For them, they are one and the same, in as much as he remains the commander-in-chief of the Nigeria’s armed forces.
But only six years ago, someone else was the commander-in-chief of these same armed forces. And less than three years from now, no matter what, someone else is going to be the holder of that post. So, it simply means the armed forces do not belong to any individual.
Globally, the military is expected to show absolute allegiance to the country setting them up. And the President of any country is always the face or representation of that sovereignty. That informs why they can be accused of supporting any government of the day. Where they disagree with government, you don’t expect the military to go to the social media or any other marketplace of ideas to say so. In the days of old, the military simply upstaged any government its top echelon disagreed with. That is no longer fashionable; so, what it does is a constructive engagement. But even at that, the civil authorities always have the last say.
So, if President Buhari was not the commander of the armed forces five years ago, and less than three years from now someone else is going to take over that responsibility from him, what it definitely means is that the armed forces belong to you and me. It belongs to every Nigerian, irrespective of background. If we destroy our military by politicizing it and urging the troops to rebel against their commanders or the government of the day, what happens if you, the instigator, become the next commander-in-chief?
In December of 2018, something instructive happened in America. President Donald Trump was visiting Iraq secretly, and leaking the news could expose his life to serious danger. And, so, the government sought the cooperation of the American press in general to keep the trip a top secret. None of the newspapers or radio or television houses reported it until after the U.S. President safely returned home. That was in spite of the fact that President Trump was openly at war with the American press. He could be rightly described as Enemy Number One to the American press. If it were here, just in the bid to be the one to BREAK the news, some mediums would have published the story and damned the consequences, knowing they could easily blackmail the government and get personnel released, even if detained.
There is also this story I always tell, about a sponsored trip I, as the then editor of the daily title of Leadership newspaper, undertook to Turkey in 2012, alongside editors of nine of Nigeria’s biggest newspapers. On a visit to the Journalists and Writers Foundation, which was the preeminent association for all media personnel in that country, the president of the body somewhat accused the Nigerian press of supporting Boko Haram. He explained that he and his colleagues in Turkey were always amazed that, in Nigeria, we always accorded prominence to the dastardly activities of Boko Haram in our newspapers. I personally asked whether anything was wrong with that, and the man explained that terrorists globally thrive on publicity, and by publishing the stories of attacks they carry out we were inadvertently helping and encouraging them. He cited an example of the PKK terrorists group that was very active in Turkey, saying that whenever the group carried out any attack, they published the story deep inside their newspapers and only gave it scant mention on radio and television.
It is instructive to point here that, in Turkey, too, the government of the day was (and still is) enemy number one to that country’s press. Yet, the president of the country’s journalists was emphatic that, when it comes to matters of the military, they (the press men and women) set aside their differences with government and simply support the military.
The reason is simple: the military is the symbol of a nation’s strength, and its members or personnel are staking their lives to make sure you and I continue to operate safely from our comfort zones. Without the sacrifices of our military, the truth or mischief we dish out every day from the comfort of our offices or homes would not have been possible. If you are in doubt, ask Rwandans during the genocide of the 1990s. There won’t even be electricity to charge our cellphones, with which we share fake or unsubstantiated news just to spite political enemies and cause disaffection.
Theoretically, every Nigerian will tell you he or she wants banditry and terrorism to end. But hardly does anyone ask what contribution he or she gives towards the realisation of that goal. We seem not to know that, by spreading negative news about our military or the police force, we are inadvertently encouraging the same terrorists that we accuse the armed forces of not defeating or wiping out. This is because, with every negative information shared on the traditional or social media, the enemies are getting emboldened.
Now the security situation in the country is worsening as the security services, especially the police force, are afraid to do their job for fear of the unknown. They can’t even defend themselves when attacked, because there are civil society organizations that are waiting to report them to the International Criminal Court (ICC) for crimes against humanity.
In Nigeria today, the only life that is not important is that of our security personnel. As a result of that, many security personnel have abandoned their duty posts, with the result that crime has worsened across the board. The security services have, for example, before now, been able to effectively stop kidnappings on the Abuja-Kaduna highway. But even two days ago, according to Daily Trust newspaper, the kidnappers operated on the highway, killed one person, abducted many.
And you want government to believe this is not in furtherance of an agenda to destabilize the country and plunge it into civil war? There are many things that are happening beyond the surface. Government knows more than we do. It has a duty to ensure that foreign interests are not the ones funding the opposition to cause the nation all sorts of problems. We all know about a prediction, made by an American group, that Nigeria would come to an end a few years ago. Of course, we have crossed that threshold, but who knows if other foreign groups are out there insisting in a doomsday scenario for us all?
In the United States, a country we always like to copy things from, it is an unforgivable crime to kill even one security personnel. All hell will be let loose if that happens. But here, owing to our capacity to deploy the social media for mischief, many security personnel have been killed without it even being reported by the media. At that time you claim that the Nigerian army or police is operating with weak or obsolete equipment, the armed forces were probably at the verge of totally wiping out a particular territory of the enemy. But by this information that you now make go viral, the enemy will be encouraged to do more to kill the troops or inflict serious damage on them.
Similarly, when you decide to keep the information on terrorist movement or plans to yourself, you are helping the terrorists and weakening our armed forces. The army will not frame you up when you pass information to its top echelons.
The armed forces of other countries that we admire are also not magicians. Their success stem purely from the fact that they get the full support of their compatriots, not only psychologically but more so in passing important information to them.
For example, if the people of Maiduguri were not inadvertently supporting Boko Haram by seeing the terrorists as their own at the very beginning of the insurgency eleven years ago, the monster will definitely not have blossomed to what it became. The truth is bitter. But eventually the same boys that the people were supporting started turning their weapons on them. There were Boko Haram boys whose level of indoctrination reached the level where their first victims were their very parents who brought them to this world. Others started by killing their close friends and relations. An adage says when you play with a tiger, you always end in its stomach. Now only few people in Borno State support Boko Haram, but it came too little too late.
No matter what, the fact remains that the Nigerian military and the police are our pride as a nation. Those security personnel are our sons, brothers, fathers and friends. They are members of the society like you and me. They are humans who make mistakes, and mistakes are meant to be forgiven. The late Nelson Mandela said something to the effect that the weak does not forgive. Only the strong does.
And if your hatred is rooted in political opposition, you need to reflect on what would be your or the nation’s fate when the person you support becomes the commander-in-chief of the armed forces that you are now working so hard to destroy.
In an interview that went viral on the social media three years ago, the foremost opposition figure, Alhaji Atiku Abubakar strongly poured encompass on our military and commended them for their bravery, strongly arguing that they are seriously winning the war against terror. When asked why it is taking so long to totally wipe out the remnants of the insurgents, Atiku gave an example of Colombia, where insurgency festered for fifty years. That was shortly before he fell out with President Buhari. As is typical with us, he is now singing completely a different song. In our desperate quest for political offices, we tend to turn a blind eye to reality and go all out to put a speck on the people’s eyes just to win their votes.
But whether one supports the military or not, the reality is that Nigeria is strongly winning the war against terror and banditry. What is happening now is simply a new form of terrorism spearheaded by international forces of ISIS, under the banner of ISWAP. Even that is being properly tackled, against all odds.
Billions of naira worth contribution we give terrorists, bandits
There has never been any war without casualties. Thousands of American, German, Chinese, Russian, French or British troops have been killed in different wars. And so it is not even newsworthy celebrating when we share or publish the news that so and so number of our soldiers have been killed. We should rather be interested in how many terrorists have been killed because that number is always far higher. Even with the best equipment, our military can only succeed with our total support. I wonder what goes through the mind of our soldiers when, in defending us, they put their precious lives on the line, and all we have for them are negative narratives.
Undoubtedly, America has the strongest military in the world. But has its armed forces succeeded in totally wiping out the Taliban terrorists? You then need to wonder whether it makes any sense to have our people always accusing our military of not wiping out Boko Haram, even when they no longer hold any territory in Nigeria, even when most of their attacks have continued to be on soft targets.
About six years ago, for example, Gwoza was one of the headquarters of Boko Haram. They killed the emir of the town and killed lots of people. Now, the current emir is back in town, all courtesy of our military. And Gwoza is beyond the reach of the insurgents. These are the kind of narratives we should be advancing, to support and strengthen our troops.
If your argument is that Boko Haram still attacks military formations and also kills innocent civilians, you need to go and find out whether the bases of American armed forces in war zones do not get attacked by terrorists. It is all in their desperate bid to create the impression that they are still very much around.
A veteran journalists who was kidnapped two years ago told me that when he was being released by his captors, they told him that part of the condition was for him to inform the police that they numbered up to 50. But he told me that they were only eight in number. It is all in the DNA of criminal elements to create a scary posture of their operations, to psychologically defeat law enforcement agents.
Sadly, we mostly take their bait and help them spread their propaganda free of charge. If we were to quantify in naira and kobo the value of free propaganda that we have been helping our very enemies, the terrorists, in spreading, there is no doubt it would be in several billions.
This column salutes the officers and men of our armed forces for making it possible for me to pray in my mosque or church without the fear of being attacked. Of course, this is not to discountenance the fact that a few of these places of worship are still being targeted, but it has largely been confined to one or two states, and it will sooner than later completely stop, with our support. Six years ago, it was the order of the day to have our churches or mosques attacked every week, and in several states of the federation, including Abuja.
We at times think these attacks cannot reach us. But exactly six years ago, a respected editor and personal friend, Suleiman Bisallah, at that time managing editor of The New Telegraph, was killed by a terrorist bomb at Emab Plaza in Wuse 2, Abuja. Before him, several other journalists were killed by the same Boko Haram that we are inadvertently helping.
Poverty and hopelessness, of course, are at the heart of the spread of insurgency. Sadly, we have for decades allowed corruption to eat very deeply into the moral fabric of our society. We will help in defeating terror and banditry when we blow the whistle on our corrupt elements, past and present.
God so kind, President Muhammadu Buhari has undertaken to significantly remove millions of Nigerians out of poverty. We all have a duty to support him to do that. Through the Social Investment Programme, government is working hard to reduce the high levels of poverty in Nigeria. We need to sensitize our youths to realize their full potential by keying into the programme to become very useful to themselves and the society at large. Government officials saddled with those tasks must also fear God and give equal opportunities to all eligible Nigerians, irrespective of their backgrounds.
While we have a constitutional right to protest, we must realise that government can hold us responsible if it accepts our conditions for any protest and something goes wrong courtesy of our insistence in continuing with the same. I know for sure that this is not the kind of truth people want to hear at the moment. But there is definitely no reason whatsoever for anyone to continue with the #EndSARS protests when the government has accepted all the five conditions given to it by the protesters. Even with our deep pessimism for our government over the years, we must give those in authority at least an opportunity to discern their commitment to promises made.
Those who organized the recent protests should be grateful that a movement they started has led to so many positives happening in our country. Even our rapacious governors and federal legislators will now be forced to rethink, before they appropriate all job offers for themselves and their girlfriends. They will now be ready to make the sacrifices needed for any national growth.
But we should never push our luck too far. As I have repeatedly said in this column, we have only one army and one police force in Nigeria. If we continue, through false narratives, to run down these institutions, I assure you we will end up with no nation at all. Of course that is the wish of some Nigerians, but sad as it surely sounds, millions of lives will also be lost through war or any act of insurrection, and we could well be the victims, and no one else. There lies the need for us all to be very careful and weigh every word before dishing it out.
Lastly, we will recall that in April this year, the Islamic State for West Africa (ISWAP), through its Shura Council, set up a strong propaganda committee, which it saddled with the responsibility of intense propaganda against the Nigerian military and government in general. The committee has been very active writing all sorts of falsehood in the social and traditional media, without many of us realizing it. By spreading false information against our security services, especially the Nigerian Army that has been making life a hell for Shekau and his commanders, you are inadvertently helping the terrorists against our armed forces, free of charge. So far, as mentioned earlier, the free propaganda we have given those enemies of ours run into several billions of naira.
And you know what? That is as good as picking a sharp-knife and stabbing ourselves in the heart. Even if only for the fear and the real possibility that we could well end up as victims of that propaganda, we must not lend our hands in supporting an enemy who does not care whether you support or hate President Buhari; or whether you support Nigeria’s continuous existence or not; an enemy who will not blink an eye before dispatching any other human being to the great beyond. Let’s not merely stop at saying God forbid. Let’s in all reality stop it by showing strong support for the armed forces, as citizens of other countries we are always quick to cite examples with, always do,


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- Booking Type Instant Booking
- duration 15 days
- tour type Private
- age requirement 10+ years old
- max group size 35
- Footprint carbonneutralCO2 emissions resulting from all trips on Bookmundi will be offset via investments in carbon reduction projects.
- Change dates It is free to change your tour start date prior to 30 days of departure.
- Choose a different tour You can select a new tour run by the same operator up to 30 days before departure.
- Enjoy the world's most popular classic trek.
- Trek to world's highest lake, Lake Tilicho.
- Discover the best of Hindu and Buddhist cultures.
- Cross the world's biggest mountain pass, Thorong La.
The Annapurna Circuit Trek consistently ranks among the world's most famous treks. You will have an easy walk to begin with, before the path connects Kaligandaki to the Marsyangdi River valley. The incredibly adventurous Thorung La pass, located at a height of 5416 m, is a special highlight of the trek.
Enroute the trek, we will see a variety of sceneries and zones that range from subtropical to alpine terrains. We will also encounter diverse ecosystems, different cultures and varying landscapes ranging from lush paddy fields and oak forests to rough mountain terrain. And finally, we get to trek the Kaligandaki gorge, the deepest gorge in the world!
The Annapurna Circuit trek offers an extraordinary panorama of Annapurna (8,097 m), Dhaulagiri (8,167 m), Manaslu, Machhapuchhre and Tukuche together with many other stunning peaks in the background. The trek is extremely beautiful, with numerous orchid forests surrounding the trail, and rhododendrons covering entire hills in their typical red hue in the spring.
Moreover, you get to observe a variety of wildlife including snow leopards, mountain thar, jackal, blue sheep, different species of birds including colored Impeyan, kokla, blood pheasant, and several species of butterflies and insects. In total, 100 mammals, more than 60 reptiles and amphibians, 450 species of birds, and 9 types of rhododendrons are indigenous to this region.
Likewise, the Tilicho Lake, recognized as the highest lakes in the world, is located at an eye-catching spot in the Annapurna region at an elevation of 4919 m. While trekking to the scenic Manang valley, the Thorung Peak and Annapurna can also be witnessed.
This uneven but beautiful trail will let you observe the crystal-clear Tilicho Lake, a lush spread of wildflowers, and stunning views of great Himalayan peaks. The unique combination of nature and culture is what makes the Annapurna Circuit with the side trip of Tilicho Lake trek one of the most famous trekking routes in the world.
Day 1: Drive to Chyamje (1400 meter)
Day 2: Trek to Dharapani (1943 meter)
Day 3: Trek to Chame (2713 meter)
Day 4: Trek to Pisang (3185 meter)
Day 5: Trek to Manang (3540 meter)
Day 6: Acclimatization at Manang (visit Chonkor View Point)
Day 7: Trek to Khangsar (3760 meter)
Day 8: Trek to Tilicho Base Camp (4200 meter)
Day 9: Trek to Tilicho Lake (4919 meter) & back to Base Camp
Day 10: Trek to Yak Kharka (4000 meter)
Day 11: Trek to Thorong Phedi / High Camp (4500meter/4700meter)
Day 12: Trek to Muktinath (3800meter) after crossing Thorong La
Day 13: Trek to Jomsom (2720 meter)
Day 14: Drive to Pokhara (720 meter)
Day 15: Drive back to Kathmandu
- Airport pick up and drop off, upon arrival and departure in Kathmandu.
- Pre-trek meeting.
- All transportation: Kathmandu - Chyamje, Jomsom - Pokhara - Kathmandu.
- 1 night hotel accommodation in Pokhara with breakfast.
- 1 professional, licensed and English speaking mountain guide.
- Well experienced English speaking assistant guide if the group size exceeds 5+ persons.
- Guesthouse accommodation during the trek.
- Full board meal during the trek (Main course - breakfast, lunch and dinner).
- Worst case, help with all rescue and evacuation arrangements.
- All necessary trekking permits: Annapurna Conservation Area and Trekkers' Information Management System (TIMS) fee.
- First aid medical kit, Oxymeter to check pulse, heart rate and oxygen saturation at higher altitude.
- Unique Adventure sleeping bag, down jacket and duffel bag.
- All applicable taxes as pre the government rules and regulations.
- All organizational requirements.
- Hotel in KTM/Night
- Nepal Visa (USD 30 for 15 days or USD 50 for 30 days).
- Your international flight to and from Nepal.
- Travel insurance (for helicopter evacuation if needed whilst trekking).
- Hotels in Kathmandu.
- Porters to carry luggage (you can add a porter when booking).
- Bar and beverage bills, tea / coffee / drinking water. Personal expenses such as laundry, telephone, internet, battery charger, hot shower etc
- Tips for guide, porter, driver.
- Earn US$ 30+ in travel credits.
- Excellent customer service. Our travel experts are ready to help you 24/7.
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- No credit card or booking fees.
- 100% financial protection.
- Carbon neutral tours.
- 25,000+ trip reviews, with an average rating of 4.9 out of 5.
- Read more reasons to book with Bookmundiless
Free cancellation up to 60 days prior departure, after which the deposit becomes non-refundable.Other Practical InformationRecommended Gear List: Good wind/rain jacket Warm fleece jacket or jersey Good boots, either lightweight trekking boots or light full leather boots Good 20 Sleeping bag (which can be rented or buy in Kathmandu) A comfortable day pack, preferably with a waistband. Fleece jacket or pullover Fleece WindStopper jacket (optional) Waterproof (preferably breathable fabric) shell jacket Down vest and/or jacket (optional) Lightweight gloves Heavyweight gloves or mittens with a waterproof shell outer Sun hat or scarf Light balaclava or warm fleece hat Sunglasses with UV protection Tshirts Underwear Hiking shorts Lightweight cotton long pants Light and expedition weight thermal bottoms Fleece or wool pants Waterproof (preferably breathable fabric) shell pants Thin, lightweight inner socks Thick, warm wool hiking socks Hiking boots with spare laces Camp shoes (sneakers and/or sandals) Other necessary equipment: Headlamp (e.g. Petzl Zoom) with spare bulbs and batteries Small pad or combination locktolock trek bag Basic First Aid Kit (We also provide comprehensive first aid medical kit and Oxymeter) Large plastic bags for keeping items dry inside trek bag Day pack (approximately 2500 to 3000 cubic inches) Water bottles (2 bottles recommended) Toiletries Small wash towel COVID-19 Safety Measures
This trip incorporates the following COVID-19 measures:
- An average group size of maximum 8 people have been implemented on this tour to protect against COVID-19.
- Wearing a mask, hand washing and sanitizing has been implemented per local government advice. Frequent disinfection of regularly touched surfaces is highly encouraged. Hygiene safety measures and distancing will be ensured in our accommodations and also during transportation.
- Several COVID-19 distancing measures have been adopted on this package tour to keep travelers safe.
Is a visa on arrival available?
Typically, yes. However, in response to the current Covid situation, rules for arriving visitors may change frequently and sometimes without notice. It may be necessary to obtain a tourist visa in your own country before travel. For updated information on visas, please check the Nepal Tourism Board and the Government of Nepal Immigration websites.
How much money do I need to bring with me?
Your personal budget obviously depends on your spending habits and what is included in your trip cost. If accommodation is included, but meals are not, we would suggest that you bring around 30 USD per day per person for meals. Having a hot shower or charging your device sometimes costs extra. There are also sometimes small crafts/souvenirs to buy along the trekking route which you may want to bring extra money for. Also, consider whether you would be staying in Kathmandu or Pokhara before or after your trek.
I’m not sure when to travel. Is February a good time for the Annapurna Circuit Trail in terms of weather? Or is March better?
The weather in February will be cold and snow is expected en route. However, the tour operator has confirmed that February is usually still a good time for the Annapurna Circuit Trail, especially in terms of less crowds. That said, March is springtime in Nepal, ideal weather for trekking in the Annapurna Region. The trekking trail is usually dry and without snow in March. For more information on seasons and climate in Nepal, see our best time to visit Nepal guide.
- Is there a “new” Annapurna circuit trail that avoids roads?
- Is quarantine in Nepal in effect for arriving visitors?

domain: geography