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You may also wish to search for items by Mishra, D. and Mishra.
4 matching references were found.
Yalkowsky, S.H.; Mishra, D.S., Vapor pressure estimation for organic compounds, Sci. Total Environ., 1991, 109-110, 243-50. [all data]
Mishra, D.S.; Yalkowsky, S.H., Estimation of vapor pressure of some organic compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1991, 30, 1609-12. [all data]
Yalkowsky, S.H.; Mishra, D.S.; Morris, K.R., Dependence of vapor pressure of solids and liquids on various thermodynamic parameters, Chemosphere, 1990, 21, 107-10. [all data]
Mishra, D.S.; Yalkowsky, S.H., Solubility of organic compounds in non-aqueous systems: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benzene, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1990, 29, 2278-83. [all data]

domain: chemistry


text:
The museum first opened in 1947 and included the collection of the best examples the brand had created since the 19th century. In 1964 the museum moved to the old factory buildings. The Vista Alegre Museum seeks to promote the safeguarding, research and interpretation of the industrial heritage of the Vista Alegre Porcelain Factory, inspiring visitors to learn through study and interpretation of ceramic culture, highlighting it’s importance in Portuguese society in the 19th and 20th centuries through one of the most complete museum collections of its kind, containing more than 30,000 pieces.
The museum aims to show the history of the manufacturer and the aesthetic evolution of porcelain production, through supporting documents and drawings, along with the porcelain pieces themselves. The museum organises guided tours and workshops according to different levels, creating learning opportunities and promoting the interpretation and access to Vista Alegre’s heritage and collections.Discover the Manufacturer

domain: artistic


It’s the latest in an extraordinary run of some 60 lawsuits in which Trump and his supporters have sought to overturn the election in several states that Biden won. None of those lawsuits – including those that challenged Georgia’s election results before the U.S. Supreme Court – has been successful.
The president has a similar lawsuit pending in Fulton County Superior Court. The new federal lawsuit accuses the local court of deliberately delaying the litigation.
The latest lawsuit names Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp and Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger as defendants. Two days after he filed the lawsuit, Trump berated Raffensperger for an hour on the telephone, demanding that he “find” the 11,780 votes needed to reverse Biden’s victory.


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Last week, the Center joined with other business groups in submitting a rulemaking petition to the SEC urging the agency to rethink the levels of support shareholder proponents must receive to resubmit shareholder proposals to companies. According to the Center's shareholder proposal data for S&P 500 companies, nearly 44% of the 358 shareholder proposals offered at S&P 500 companies in 2017 were repeat proposals also offered at the same company in 2016, and not a single of those proposals achieved majority support. The letter notes "Instead of highlighting urgent matters that could further shareholder interests, many proposals are dominated by subject matters most investors deem immaterial to their decision-making, including issues that are focused on advancing a social or political agenda." Further, the inclusion of proposals which are rejected by a supermajority of shareholders costs companies and shareholders time and money and add to already lengthy proxy statements. Current SEC rules permit shareholder proponents to resubmit the same proposal so long as the proposal achieves certain measures of shareholder support. Below are the current measures, followed by our proposed changes:
- If voted on once in the last five years - 3% - Proposed to change to 6%;
- If voted on twice in the last five years - 6% - Proposed to change to 15%; and
- If voted on three or more times in the last five years - 10% - Proposed to change to 30%;.

domain: finance


FOURTH.WORLD explores ideas at the intersection of human rights and human purpose.
The articles here consider the impact on communities, both present and past, that are left behind when we achieve what qualifies by consensus as human progress, but fail to fulfil human rights and achieve equivalent levels of social justice.
They are also about the role that commerce, markets, global institutions, trade and technology play in either exacerbating our present crises or leading us towards solutions, a more fulfilled sense of both corporate and human purpose.
And finally we hope to provide a platform to those who are operating at the margins of contested approaches to social and economic progress, pioneers of new forms of production and exchange, those who are experimenting with gift economies, collaboration and sharing economies, open source software, artificial intelligence and the wisdom of crowds.
The ‘fourth world’ concept
The fourth world concept has its roots in the experience of indigenous, typically stateless, peoples or other groups who were judged to be so marginalised as to sit outside the conventional first, second and third world development model.
The Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells took the concept to a further extreme when he described a ‘Fourth World’ comprised of ‘multiple black holes of social exclusion’*, self-defeating, self-reinforcing vortices of permanently absent development that created new, non-traditional conflict and security challenges.
ATD Fourth World is also of course the name of a respected human rights-based, anti-poverty organisation with more than 40 years’ experience of engaging with individuals and institutions to find solutions to eradicate extreme poverty.
The articles at FOURTH.WORLD clearly have their roots in a shared concern for human rights, social exclusion, poverty and the plight of the most marginalised.
However, here we co-opt the term to elaborate on an idea that the FOURTH.WORLD also represents a new social and industrial model – one that is fit for a climate-constrained world, where capitalism and the post-war models of political and economic governance are being contested as never before, and where new technologies, new forms of governance and new ways of living and working represent our best hope of survival.


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It can be reformed to syngas that contains both carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas using the reaction below.(Leung et al., 2014) CHfrom the syngas can be used as clean energy or in other applications. Shows the pre-combustion process in detail where the coal and the natural gas are turned to syngas through gasification and the hydrogen gas is then used in power plants as a form of renewable energy.(Aaron et al., 2005) Lastly, depleted oil and gas reservoirs are the most common geological formations for carbon storage.
(Singh et al., 2013) There are many limitations for many of the technologies specifically lack of funding and monetary incentive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as well as the maturity of the research.
C in 2013 (Farrelly et al., 2013)(Leung et al., 2014) This is detrimental to the environment as it leads to the melting of ice caps, increased sea level rise and extreme weather conditions.
(Farrelly et al., 2013) Recently, global leaders committed to keep the overall temperature rise of the planet to under 2C at the COP21 in Paris promising to mitigate climate change by moving toward a carbon free future.
It is clear that in order to tackle the challenge many approaches have to be implemented together such as “energy efficiency, alternative energy sources, energy conservation as well as carbon capture and sequestration.” (Litynski et al., 2006) Carbon sequestration strategies can be a clear path in mitigating climate change as well as neutralizing the excess CO that have been studied and are currently being used in various pilot projects further increasing the incentive to study this field.
(Leung et al., 2014) It was found that the most mature and viable technologies for carbon capture was post combustion because it can be retrofitted in older power plants.
(Leung et al., 2014) Adsorption was found the best technology to separate the carbon because it is mature, simple and relatively low cost.Carbon is exchanged and recycled among natural reservoirs and processes, which occur at various rates ranging from short-term to long-term.(NOAA) Short-term processes are daily and seasonal cycles where carbon is released into the atmosphere by respiration from plants and animals as well as decomposition of biomass.This technique can be applied to the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plants that use coal as fuel.Furthermore, natural gas can also be treated through a pre-combustion process as it mainly contains methane.This paper means to give a holistic overview of carbon sequestration as a method to mitigate climate change by focusing specifically on emerging carbon capture and storage technologies and biological mitigation including afforestation, ocean sequestration and microalgae use.The most recent studies on the geochemical cycle of carbon show that atmospheric CO years is regulated by the carbon cycle which includes “silicate weathering, carbonate precipitation, carbonate metamorphism, mantle CO2 degassing, oxidative weathering and burial of organic carbon.” (Farrelly et al., 2013) In order to understand new and emerging methods in carbon sequestration it is crucial to view the natural regulation of carbon on the planet.Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies have been widely studied as a viable method to reduce carbon emissions.This paper portrays a holistic overview of the physical methods as well as the biological methods of carbon sequestration in order to transition towards a net carbon neutral economy.(Farrelly et al., 2013) Volcanoes release a very small amount of carbon (0.13 Gt C/year), which is extremely small compared to the amount of carbon anthropogenic sources have released in the past 40 years estimated to be around 9 Gt C/yr.(Farrelly et al., 2013) Due to these major issues and global leaders struggling to manage and mitigate climate change, it is crucial to study mitigation methods both physical and biological that can store and sequester carbon indefinitely or in the short-term.


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Salt Water Taffy Crochet Afghan
Pattern Type: Crochet
Difficulty Level: Intermediate
Sizes Included: 46" x 58"
Yarn Shown: Wool of the Andes Sport Yarn
Needles/Hooks Suggested: Size F/5 (3.75 mm): crochet hook
Fiber Type: Wool & Blends
Based on a quilt pattern called Crossroads, this afghan is crocheted without seams using the star stitch. In order to create a reversible fabric, the Saltwater Taffy Afghan works over colors that are not in use throughout the pattern. To finish off the afghan, a four-row border of star stitch is added after the main body of the afghan is completed.
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domain: hobby


High-speed rail construction, electrification and two new franchises - all part of a growing list of exciting developments set to transform the North’s rail network within the next decade and beyond.
As rail is a key beneficiary of the Government-funded agenda to create a Northern Powerhouse and rebalance the UK economy, increasing capacity and reducing journey times is rightly seen as the catalyst to unleashing the vast economic potential of the region.
Overhead wires, new trains and building the infrastructure required to extend HS2 to northern cities by 2033 will be among the most tangible signs of progress, but Alstom is confident that the North will also be left with softer (but no less effective) levers for economic growth.
Alstom’s sights are set firmly on the additional benefits that the delivery of large-scale flagship construction projects and rolling stock will bring, namely a highly skilled workforce poised to deliver engineering expertise many years after the last rails of HS2 and HS3 are laid, plus the intensive inter-regional connectivity needed to access the employment opportunities arising as the North narrows the gap on the economic output of London and the South East.
Mike Hulme, Alstom’s managing director of trains and modernisation, believes that developing a new generation of engineers will be one of the most important benchmarks of measuring Northern Powerhouse’s final success, and that it will form a central part of the company’s commitment to creating a lasting legacy in the North.
He tells RAIL: “If you just go and build these projects and pack up and go home, then what’s the point? We need the talent to support these projects over their whole lifecycle, and so we must place greater emphasis on developing long-term skills.
“Our focus is not only on how this will benefit Alstom, but leveraging it to benefit the regional economy. Other manufacturers might be concerned with standalone project delivery, but we don’t just want to develop a new generation of engineers to design and build rolling stock… it will also need maintaining, exporting and eventually replacing.
“We have a long heritage of engineering activity in the North, and are really passionate about realising the benefits Northern Powerhouse offers to the region’s skills set. Our commitment to the North is part of Alstom’s DNA.”
Alstom has five sites in the North West - Manchester (Longsight), and at Preston, Liverpool and Chester. Among the fleets it maintains are Arriva Trains Wales’ Class 175 DMUs and Virgin Trains’ Alstom-built Pendolinos.
Alstom is investing in a new skills academy and manufacturing centre adjacent to the West Coast Main Line at Widnes, where 400-600 new jobs will be created, adding to the company’s current headcount of 1,200 in the North West.
Hulme is aware of the challenges that lie ahead in ensuring that the requisite skills and adequate numbers of qualified engineers are in place to design, build and maintain the next generation of technologically advanced rolling stock. The Government’s recently announced Apprenticeship Levy and Innovation in Franchising schemes present promising financing mechanisms for nurturing new talent, while he says Alstom is well placed to facilitate the shifting focus away from purely mechanical engineering techniques to the more high-tech. New methods include Alstom’s predictive maintenance tool Health Hub, which uses lasers and high-resolution imagery to inspect the condition of trains, infrastructure and signalling assets.
“We are increasingly moving to a systems-based approach for maintenance, and going from simply shining a torch under the train to lasers and high-speed cameras,” he adds. “Retraining the existing workforce and bringing on the new generation are therefore essential to using the new tools available.
“Think about the 30-year-old Pacers that are now being withdrawn. Can you just take a maintenance technician from there and put them onto a modern train? It takes a long time to bridge the technology gap to a more computerised control, and we understand that.
“It doesn’t daunt us either, as we had to do it on the West Coast Main Line in 2002 when it went from Class 87-hauled Mk 3s to the Pendolino fleet. So we’ve already done it once, and that big step up must happen again.”
Realising the economic boost that HS2 and HS3 will deliver also relies on enhancing connectivity along the routes. A number of proposed stations are located at out-of-town locations, such as Toton (Nottingham) and Meadowhall (Sheffield), and connecting passengers with the high-speed network and providing seamless journeys will prove essential to their eventual patronage.
Alstom is able to draw on its extensive international experience to secure these gains, in addition to already operating mass transit systems in the UK, according to the company’s customer director Susan Evans.
“In Nottingham we have a long-term commitment as a key partner in building the two new tram lines that opened in August 2015. These have several years’ warranty left to run, and we have a twenty-year contract to maintain the old Incentro fleet (built by Bombardier) and the new Citadis trams built by us.
“Now we are starting to look more widely at connectivity, and have great experience we can bring forward from around the world.
“The Jerusalem Light Rail Project is a highly successful example of millions of customers having a smooth journey by bus from their doorstep, to the tram which carries them around the city.
“These are just two cases of how we can create greater connectivity and convince people to leave their cars at home. And if we can’t efficiently move people to the high-speed stations, then we haven’t gained very much at all.”
As well as the obvious environmental benefit of a modal shift away from car usage, Alstom is motivated by the boost in productivity and the quality of life that localised transport solutions can offer. In addition to the skills Northern Powerhouse will generate, this should be its lasting legacy, says Evans.
“Sitting in a traffic jam has always been an inefficient use of time, but especially now there is WiFi on public transport allowing people to work.
“HS2 and HS3 are very exciting, but in most cases they will not get people from the start and to the end of their journeys. Suburban or light rail solutions will need to be built beyond high-speed routes, Alstom has expertise with all these solutions.
“We have a commitment to making the North a better place to commute, live and enjoy, and Alstom looks forward to leading the debate on improving connectivity and improving people’s lives.”
- This feature was published in RAIL 797 on March 30 2016.


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Local Residents Seek Alternatives as Medication Costs Surge
The policy change, which came into effect without prior notice, has sparked a wave of discontent among loyal clients who previously relied on external pharmacies for their pets' medications. In response, several residents in the community have begun exploring alternative veterinary options, seeking more affordable and convenient care for their beloved companions.
One such resident, who wished to remain anonymous, shared their experience after switching to a nearby veterinary clinic, prompted by the policy change at Gladstone Animal Clinic. The proximity of the new clinic to their residence was a crucial factor in their decision. Since transitioning to a work-from-home routine, the constraints of regular business hours at the previous clinic were no longer a concern. Surprisingly, the medication prices at the alternative clinic were more reasonable compared to both Gladstone Animal Clinic and the online pharmacy they had been utilizing.
The pet owner also expressed their satisfaction with the friendly and compassionate staff at the new clinic. The veterinarians and veterinary technicians demonstrated a genuine care for their pets, further solidifying their decision to change providers.
Gladstone Animal Clinic's shift towards an exclusive pharmacy policy has undoubtedly left a mark on the local pet owner community. Concerns about the increased financial burden associated with obtaining necessary medications have spurred pet owners to explore alternative veterinary clinics closer to home. While some clients may still choose to remain with the clinic, the shift in sentiment towards other providers is indicative of a growing dissatisfaction among former patrons.
Efforts to reach Gladstone Animal Clinic for comment on the reasons behind the policy change and the subsequent impact on their clientele were unsuccessful as of the time of writing. However, it remains to be seen whether the clinic will address the concerns raised by their clients or reconsider their exclusive pharmacy policy.
As local residents adapt to the changing landscape of veterinary care options, the outcome of this decision will likely influence the future dynamics between pet owners and veterinary clinics within the community
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domain: news


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Arab-American from Brooklyn claims she was attacked, insulted in front of the Arab American Association of New York
An Arab-American living in Brooklyn claims she was attacked and insulted right in front of the Arab American Association of New York.
The alleged attack happened in broad daylight by the front door of the building. Director Linda Sarsour says she noticed a man she assumed was intoxicated lying outside.
When she and another co-worker stepped outside to call the authorities and have him removed, she says he jolted up and tried to attack them. Sarsour claims the man began shouting racist comments.
She believes she was attacked because of her Arabic descent. Sarsour says she and her co-worker ran for their lives as the man picked up a heavy city trash can and lunged it at them.
She again called 911, but no officer had yet arrived, so the co-workers took refuge in a nearby store. She says authorities finally arrived on scene after what she estimates was about 45 minutes.
Sarsour and other Arab civil rights activists are critical of the police response time to the incident. News 12 Brooklyn reached out to the NYPD for comment, but has not yet heard back.
Sarsour says attacks and racially-motivated incidents are not common. With tensions growing in the Middle East, she says it's important to make the distinction that not all those of Arabic descent side with radical extremists.
The alleged attacker, 45-year-old Brian Boshell, was arrested. He is facing charges of aggravated harassment as a hate crime, among others.

domain: sociology


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For the third year running we are offering young people across Sheffield the opportunity to gain valuable work experience, and the chance to gain a nationally-recognised accreditation, through our highly successful Summer Reading Challenge Volunteer Project.
We're looking for enthusiastic young people, aged between 14 and 16, with a love of reading, to work in Central Children's, Walkley, Manor, and Gleadless Libraries, promoting the Summer Reading Challenge to young children.
Many of you will perhaps remember taking part in The Summer Reading Challenge when you were younger; it's a massive, national project which aims to keep young children reading over the summer holidays and we need your help to get as many kids as possible involved! This year's theme is StoryLab, and the children who sign up for the project will be set the challenge of reading six books over the holidays, receiving rewards along the way.
We are looking for volunteers to help sign kids up for the Challenge, hand out rewards, and encourage kids a long the way - talking to them about the books they've read and helping them to choose more titles - there will also be opportunities to get involved in organising and running craft activities.
All our volunteers will gain a certificate from the Reading Agency, and a reference from the Sheffield Library Service, which can be used in their Record of Achievement. For the most promising applicants there will also be the opportunity to gain an OCN Level 2 accreditation, through the Reading Matters scheme.
If you think you might be interested, just click here to be taken to more information about the volunteer project, including a link to the application form. We need to have your applications in by Friday 8th June, so there's no time to lose! We look forward to hearing form you!

domain: library


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If ‘Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou’ were an undersea exploring game
There are so many open world games out there nowadays, but precious few (maybe none) of them feature underwater exploring and/or Bill Murray. While a game based on Wes Anderson's Life Aquatic may not exist yet, this 8-bit retelling of the story comes close.
Our CineFix series, 8-bit Cinema, "gamifies" your favorite movies and shows into '80s-style, arcade- and NES-inspired animated shorts.
Subscribe to CineFix for more videos: https://www.youtube.com/c/cinefix


It is quite a few years since Australia were regarded as a scrummaging force, but they are relishing the prospect of taking on the powerful Lions front row in the first Test. If the Wallabies were relieved that Andrew Sheridan, their scrum destroyer during the Toulon prop's England days, was not called up by the Lions despite injuries to Gethin Jenkins and Cian Healy, they maintain that it makes no difference what formation the tourists opt for at the Suncorp Stadium on Saturday.
"Their scrum has been very impressive," said Australia's prop Benn Robinson, "and they have carried on from where they started against the Barbarians. I spoke to a few Waratahs after last Saturday's game, and they were pretty sore in the morning. We expect a good challenge up front.
"We are proud of our scrum and we enjoy the battle. You do not go into a scrum looking to hide or back away from the challenge. You are a front-rower because you enjoy that confrontation. There have been times in recent years when we have had a bad scrum, and we admit that, and there have been others when we have been dominant.
" We have played Wales six or seven times in the last 18 months and we have forced turnovers. That is the beauty of the scrum: it is such a powerful thing and, for me, an enjoyable part of the game that you can gain ascendancy in, helping influence the outcome."
Scrums in the Six Nations have become a mess of resets, free-kicks and penalties in recent years, with the 2013 champions, Wales, admitting that they used it as a means to gain position, or three points, by forcing opponents to get on the wrong side of the referee.
"You have to consider the referee, but you have seven close mates and it is about getting on top of the eight opposing you," said Robinson. "You try to do a number on your opponent and referees have a number of ways of interpreting the laws and managing the scrum. We will look at that, but if you worry about it you lose focus on what you have to do. We want to win the ball from scrums and we have a high completion rate in Super rugby."
Robinson feels the Lions will have a slight advantage in that they have played six warm-up matches while the Wallabies have been in camp this month and will be playing their first international since the beginning of December, when they defeated Wales in Cardiff. "They have players who are used to each other and they have a lot of flow," he said. "We have only had three weeks to come together as a scrum and those blokes playing together gives them an advantage. As a front-rower you gain a lot from having scrums and they have been doing that.
"The breakdown will be another key area. The Lions are very strong there, looking to get the opportunity to go wide. If we can win a fast, clean ball, it will take the pressure off Will Genia [the scrum-half] and he can play his open game. It is a big responsibility for us."
The Wallabies have been impressed by the open approach of the Lions this month and do not anticipate them changing their game plan, even though Saturday will be the first time they have met an opponent capable of extending them for more than a couple of plays. "I have not seen a northern hemisphere team play so expansively for a while," said the centre Adam Ashley-Cooper. "They have a physical and confrontational approach at the start and then they throw the ball wide. Defending against them is tough because of that mix, having to match the physicality of their big ball-carriers and then covering the width.
"You would not think they would change too much after six matches and they have been consistent in the way they have played. Test match rugby is all about physicality and intensity: it is quite simple in terms of strategy, but it is the toughest football you will play and they have the right characters."
The Lions have injury concerns in the three-quarters, but Ashley-Cooper has been preparing to confront Brian O'Driscoll. "Jonathan Davies has been playing excellent rugby, but O'Driscoll has the experience and ability to keep turning up. He is a soldier – and a freak."


My riding buddy just got a DS 650 Baja. He was reading in the manuel how to set his rear suspension and adjust the pre load and suspension. Suspension has always been real confusing how it works. I do not understand how you want to adjust the spring rate and the pre load. I have never really tried to figure it out but I am unclear. Did anyone here adjust their suspension when they got their YFZ? If so how do you want to set it? Do you want more sag before you get on it or less?


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Simple Fall Floral Styling
Can we take a moment to be proud of me? I put the tiniest bit of effort into my non-existent fall decorating this year and it almost has me tempted to go all in!
Originally, I had planned to buy some fall flowers from Michael's to replace the pink ones that have lived in my faux greenery wall patch since early 2020. The peony bouquet that I grabbed was so pretty and I guess part of my brain wanted to see what it might look like in a vase. Well, mistake.
The problem was I had some 18 month old dried eucalyptus living in that vase and (for whatever reason) can't seem to throw it in the trash. So I decided I was going to make them live together in happy harmony. Little did I know that would actually work and I loved it even more!
I dropped in the peony bouquet first and placed the eucalyptus sprays around the outside. I tucked a few between the peonies as best I could without damaging them since they were somewhat brittle. It may be better to use fresh or faux eucalyptus so it's easier to manipulate.
Now, I just need to decide if I need to go back to Michael's to grab another bouquet to finish out my original plan, or to consider this my fall masterpiece and call it a day? 🤔 lol!

domain: design


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Translated by : Aziz Emmanuel
The Syrian Christianity with its
ethnicities, represents the oldest and most ancient denominations of the
country, especially the Aramaic denomination for Aramaic or Syriac – both are
one in essence with variations in appellation as Syriac is a continuation of
Aramaic- is the national ID of the Syrian people who used to make up the
majority of the population in main land Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and eastern
Jordan until the present time.
According to statistics the
population of Syriacs as an ethnic component of Bilad al-Sham ( what used to
make up the present day Syria, Palestine and eastern Jordan [translator])
during the Islamic invasion used to make up 87% of the population with all its
various ethnicities and different religions. The number, however, decreased
after three decades; the percentage has now decreased to be less than Muslim
Arabs and Romans, because the population of the Syriacs at that time used to be
more than three millions and some put the number to four millions.
Meanwhile, the percentage of
Christians in Syria during the invasion was more than 78% of the population of
Syria and its various religions. There existed among the same Syriac Aramaic
component Jews and the Aramaic worshipers of god Hadad , son worshipers,
Sabaites, Magi and others.
Reference is made here to the
issue of conquering Damascus by the commanders of the Islamic armies: Abi
Ubaida bnul-Jarrah, Khalid bnul-Walid, Amro brul-Aas, Aiyas bnul-Ghanam, and
Sharhabeel bnu-Hasna. These were aided by the leaders of battalions and
divisions commanded by Abal-Aawar al-Salami who was sent to Tabaria. Meanwhile,
Dhal-Kalla’a was dispatched to Hums while Abal-Darda’a was sent to
Barza. Damascus was opened when its keys were delivered by a Christian bishop
named Mansour ben Sargon on 10 September 635 AD. The Muslims entered the city
and killed al those who resisted them and the city with its surrounding s were
subjugated. The Muslim armies then set off to conquer other cities until the
Euphraes peninsula , Qarqisya’a to the south of Mesopotamia starting with Kufa
to Assyria in the north.
The population of Syria at this
time used to comprise the following religions:
A Christian majority with a
Jewish minority and there were others who followed pagan religions as is
The Christians are divided into
four ethnic categories:
The first one used to be a
majority of Greeks, the second was a mixture of various ethnicities, while the
third was the indigenous group, i.e. the Syriac Aramaic.
Through the course of time an
integration took place between the first and the second groups resulting in
a religious sect named The Rome Sec. The Rome Sect in Syria
represents those who were called Melkites, followers of faith of the Roman
The fourth group is the Arab group.
We would like to point out here that Arabs entered Syria and occupied the
country in the 2nd century BC. The largest Arab tribes therefore, lived a
country whose religion was Christianity, especially the Ghasasina tribe. The
majority of this bribes members converted to Islam while some have remained
Christians till now; there are Christian tribes which live in Horan and in the
village of Hums who descend from the Arab tribe of Ghasasina. There are also
families living on the Syrian coast which belong to the Ghasasina but are of
different denominations. We also know that the city of Jabal on the Syrian
coast was built by Jubullah bnul-Ayham who gave his name to the city.
The Arab tribe of Taglub, on the
other hand, converted in the 10th and 11thcentureis and there are some
members of the tribe who still maintain their Christian faith and still live
within Christian tribes and are distributed in the area of Qal’aa
Marawiah ( a reference to a village to the north east of Der al-Za’afaran near
Mardin. The castle is called Mara the birthplace of the famous parliamentarian
and politician Sa’aeed Issac). There is also the Qaswarnah tribe – after the
village of Qusur to the south of Mardin. Likewise, there are some Syriacs who
belong to the Tribes of Bani Bakr, Taglub, Tay, Kalb, and Tanookh and others.
Most of the big Arab tribes converted in periods starting with the first
invasion of their country ending with the end of the Abbasid and Mongol
The reasons behind the conversion
of those Arab tribes are numerous and different. The most important are that
the members of those tribes suffered a lot of injustice as a result of, abuse,
Jizya ( a tax levied on non-Muslims), tributes and discrimination in clothing,
housing, food, and even walking and riding on donkeys instead of horses. The
campaigns and invasions which swept the Syrian territories have likewise had a
clear impact on the conversion of those tribes. The most important of such
campaigns were the Crusades and Mamluk campaigns in the 11th century and
the Mongol invasion in 1400 during which the Christians were liquidated and
their lands were confiscated; there was therefore ethnic and religious ethnic
cleansing which continued till the events of 1860 with the terrible massacre of
Christians in Syria at the end of which the Syrian Christians immigrated to
Lebanon and from there to the new world and Europe. They also continued to
immigrate following the British and French Mandate of Syria in 1946. And as of
the first quarter of the mid sixties of the twentieth century caravans of
Armenian people in particular immigrated from Jazeer to Armenia. The
immigration of the Syriacs started from the city of Qamishli to Lebanon and
then to the diasporah. This was followed in 1915 by numerous immigrations till
the present. The causes of the immigration are still standing. Rather, it has
become rampant with an escalating rate especially after the entrance into Syria
of a popular movement that opposed the Syrian regime one and a half year ago.
The percentage of Christians in
Syria is changing and so their numbers due to their circumstances, security,
settlement, rule and the surrounding regional and international conditions.
According to statistics the number of Christians in 1517 used to be 7% and in
1918 it used to constitute 30% which increased to 35% in the beginning of the
period of independence from the French.
In the middle of the 20th century
75% of the companies and foreign agencies were run by Christians and used to
have land properties beyond imagination but were nationalized by the state.
The number of Christians in the
Syrian peninsula in the mid-forties was more than 38% of the population. Those
Syrian Christians excelled in various aspects and that is why we see prominent
Syrian Christians in the 20th century, for example, but not inclusive,
Rose Mary Barakat, a federal lawyer in Florida who is originally a Syrian
Christian, Faris al-Khouri a politician, intellectual and prime minister, the
Syriac Saaeed Isaac al-Qal’a Marawi a professional parliamentarian and
politician who became an ipso jure president of Syria for more than 62 hours,
Michael Aflaq the founder of the Arab Ba’ath Socialist Party, Antone Sa’ada,
Mariana Marash the poet, writer, and journalist, Francis Mrash the writer and poet,
Carlos Mun’im, George Murad, George Wassouf, Koliet Khoury..etc. There are
hundreds of those who led the intellectual movement, media, cinema, and theatre
in Syria. There is also a large number of plastic artists, poets, writers,
doctors, pharmacists, engineers and manufacturers. We can also see prominent
names in the period between the 70s of the last century until today including
ministers, state ministers, high ranking military men, and senior political and
administrative posts assumed by Syrian Christians in all aspects of the Syrian
We would also like to point out
that we have not mentioned the names and numbers of Christian philosophers,
intellectuals, doctors, teachers, and army leaders in ancient times, such as
the Amawi, and Abbasid Periods, because to mention them is to fill many pages.
And to avoid injustice to any
Christian sect in Syria, we have to mention that there is in Syria a Coptic
orthodox community which belongs to the Alexandrian see that has lived in Syria
since antiquity. There is also a Maronite sect belonging to the
Patriarchal see in Bkarki in Lebanon which used to live in Syria for a long
time ago, rather , the beginning and spread of the Maronite church started in
As for the Armenian race, or the
Syrian Armenian Christianity, it came to Syria in 301AD when the Armenians came
as pilgrims to Jerusalem and settled in Allepo. Their vanguards began to settle
down there. Their percentage , however, increased with the Saifo massacres in
1915. They are therefore indigenous and deeply- rooted people in the history of
If the population of Syria is
taken to be 23 millions, then the percentage of Syrian Christians is 10.5% and
some estimate it at 10-12%. Based on this, the population of Christians in
Syria is more than 2,311, 500 people. Ethnic wise, they belong to the following
1.The Syriac AramaicAssyrian
This is the oldest Syrian
Component ever and its percentage is estimated at 80% of the total population
embracing both Muslim and Christian faiths; for the majority of Syrian Muslims
descend from Aramaic Syriac origins and there are still Muslims who admit their
Aramaic origins. They speak old Aramaic and live in the mountains of Qalamon.
The Syriac Aramaic people make up the highest percentage of Syrian Christianity
with a percentage of 87% for all the denominations.
2. Arab Christians who are of
Those who have read history
cannot deny the existence of these Arab Christians despite the merger of the
Arab component with the Aramaic Syriac Assyrian Chaldean one. Arabism, however,
had appeared since the 9th century AD. They settled the Syrian territories
since the 2nd century AD and they still spoke Aramaic.
Arabs therefore, with all their
tribes, original Arabs, Arabised, the Adananite, and the Qahtanites , descend
from the Sam the son of Noh. The Christian Arabs make up 4.5% of the total
population of Syria. Within this context there is an injustice against the
Aramaic Christian component for more than one thousand years, because others do
not acknowledge it as a nationalist non-Arab component, rather they confiscate
its freedom and ascribe it to Pan-Arabism.
3.Armenian Christianity: this
dates back to the 301. The population of the Armenians in Syria is more than
150 thousand people. Most of them are centered in the Syrian cities. The most
important of these are Allepo, Damsacu, Kasab, Hums, Lataqia, and the Syrian
The Syrian Armenian Christians
belong to the following churches:
Armenian Orthodox church.
minority of Catholic and Evangelic Armenians.
The Armenians are known for their
pride in their Armenian nationalism first and then their loyalty to Syria
nationalist second. They are owners of professions, industries, sciences, and
culture manifested in an amalgamation of Armenian and Syrian culture that
resulted in various examples of creativity.
There are numerous Christian
denominations of various religious rites. Following is a list according to
1.Roman Orthodox ( Patriarchate
of Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandria)
9. Syriac Catholic
10 Armenians who are subdivided
into Othodox, Catholic and Protestant Armenians.
The major Syrian cities were the
place where most Christian generations grew. We therefore find in Aleppo 10
dioceses for all the Christian denominations.
On the other hand, Damascus as
the political capital of the country, houses the HQs of three churches on the
Roman Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East.
Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East.
Patriarchate of Antioch, Jeruslem, and Alexandria for the Catholic Roman Melkites.
The Syrian Christians live in
major Syrian cities such as Damascus( Qusa’a, Bab Toma, Al-Abaasiyeen, Tabbala,
Dmr, Harasta, Barza, and in the countryside of Damascus in Jaramana, Kashkool,
Dwel’a . There are Syriac villages in the mountains of Qalamon such as
Ma’alola, Saydnaya, Yabrud, Hums al-Qaryatain, Sadad, Fayroza, Zaydal, Eastern
and Western Dmena, Wadi al-Nasar, Marmarta, Nasira, Mashta ‘Azar, Mashta Helo,
Zwetina, Mashta’iya, Safita, Maharda, Rasten, Hufr, and Qasir.
In the governorate of Tarsus
there are numerous Christian villages which have a majority Christian
population. This is also true of the governorates of Hama, Latakia, Aleppo,
Raqa, Deirel-Zur, and Hasaka. And in the governorates of Dar’a and Sweida’
there are whole villages whose population is completely Christian starting from
the Syrian peninsula till Zazoon in Dar’a numbering 2500 village excluding the
villages which coexist with their Muslim and Yazidi brothers. The average area
of each village is about 2000donums the equivalent of 5000000 donums in all.
In addition to that, there are
Christian properties in the cities, towns,sub-districts and industrial cities
as well as the Christian endowments. There are also those lands which surround
monasteries and destroyed villages or those that are dubbed as the forgotten
cities such as Rasafa, Halabia, Zalabia, and Qasr al-Hir.
Archaeological studies confirm
that only in the northern part of Syria there are more than 778 archaeological
sites that until recently belonged to their Christian owners. Most of those
sites are centered in the two governorates of Aleppo and Idlib.
It should also be mentioned that
the number of Syrian Christians with all their denominations and those in the
diasporah is more than 9,460,000 distributed on north and south America,
Canada, the Scandinavian countries, especially Sweden, Germany, the
Netherlands, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Austria, Switzerland, and Newzealand
as well as in the Arab countries, especially in Lebanon, Egypt, Kuwait, the
Gulf states, the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh. There are also numerous Syrian
Christians in Nigeria and other African countries.
There is no room for questioning
the national loyalty of these Christians if a just and objective study is made
of the Christian scene with all its Syriacs, Arabs, and Armenians, as well as
the extent of impact of what they offered to their Syrian society through 1430
years; they are not, therefore, a group which came to Syria recently. Rather
they have existed since Syria did, especially the Aramaics. On its soil are
manifest facts that cannot be denied save for those whose eyes have been
covered by rotten chauvinism.
So, everything in Syria refers to
the antiquity, glory, heroism and creativeness of the Christian human character
with all its doctrinal and ethnic components shared by other nationals.
This human character stresses on
coexistence in freedom, justice and equity and rights which are
secured not as a favour from anybody but as a legitimate right, for he the
legitimate son of historic Syria.
I have tried to write about a
subject which requires scrutiny and credibility of source because it is one of
the important and necessary subjects which is directly related to a reality ,
especially during the present hard, exceptional and strange conditions in the
Syrian culture that apply to all the Syrian components.
I have therefore sought to be
transparent, objective, and scientific in terms of dates, figures and
percentages of the Christian community in general. I have also tried to achieve
this to the best of my ability. My objective was to write an article that dealt
with the special characteristic of the Syrian Christian community. No doubt I
did not deal with the dark ages nor the bright ones in which all Christians
lived during their golden ages, rather I dealt with the meanings of all these
denotations in a transparent way and I only dealt with them in a casual way for
to go into details would require writing books under such a title.
We can therefore conclude from
the above by raising a long and broad question, and by two points: the worrying
and disturbing question is: will the existence of Christians in the east in
general and in Syrian in particular, continue? How and on what basis? Will the
just partners do justice to Syrian Christians to help them sent their roots
deep in their ancestral land?!!!
Regarding the first point I think
it all depends on the Christian community, i.e. the Syrian Christian component
through its various syriac, Armenian, and Arab denominations. On this community
depends the future for its generations, its existence, creativity and the
realization of its objectives .
The second point depends on the
reading by their partners from the major Syrian religious component, of the
Syrian people and the way they interpret the future conditions after the
collapse of all revolutionary ideologies and high-sounding mottos that were the
first to cause harm to Christians who joined nationalist, communist, liberal
and labour parties and took no care to found for themselves and their
component, parties through which they could defend their existence and rights
in a civilized way.
The question is if there were any
objective and just constitution that would contain and recognize for Christians
as a Syriac Armenian component, their existence and rights and secure the
future of their coming generations to be able to continue to live on their
All that we know and what our
life experience and history have taught us is that no right can be
granted to those who have no belief in their existence, and who think they come
from an imaginary world or will turn into angels in times of big strife. There
is no resurrection for any community that does not work to realize its rights.
Christians are required to think
in a real, scientific and objective way with their partners who represent all
the components of the Syrian people. They have to struggle through all means
possible to be able to send their roots deep in the soil of their homeland
Long live Syria free for all its
components, religions and denominations
No to extremism, chauvinism, and
No to destruction, yes to
No to bloodshed , yes to rebirth
From my ashes will come the next
A Syrian poet, writer, and
researcher in Germany

domain: geography


text:
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text:
We are being bombarded with contradictory information on a daily basis - which diet is best, what to eat and what not to eat, when to eat and when not to eat… If only there was a simple formula that everyone could follow to live their best life - that would be awesome! Unfortunately, it isn’t that simple. Everyone is different and what works for your friend may not work for you. My advice to you today is – take a few deep breaths and pause for a second. Stop searching for that magic diet, spending a fortune on all the “trendy” superfoods, taking whole food groups out of your diet because you read somewhere that they’re taboo… Forget everything you heard, read and tried time and time again and simply go back to basics.
We have a number of learned behaviours and unhealthy habits that we repeat automatically without sometimes realising. For the next week or so just try to observe those habits. I said it before and I'll say it again - awareness is key and the first step to change.
1. Shopping on autopilot
Going to the same supermarket, walking through the same aisles, placing the same products into your trolley every time you’re going shopping – perhaps try visiting a new supermarket or your local grocery shop that sell fresh fruit and vegetables, local butchers or fishmonger to take your brain out of the autopilot state.
Look around, explore the new aisles, explore the fruit and vegetable area. This way you may discover some new products you haven't tried before, brands you didn't know existed and new local shops that you've never step foot in. There might just be a whole different world out there...
2. Mindless snacking
If you’re worried that your snacking has gotten out of control, design your environment for success. To avoid the temptation simply don’t buy the family bag of M&Ms or crisps next time you’re in the supermarket and move away from a habit of keeping a stash in your cupboard "just in case". It’s easier to avoid temptation than resist it. Instead, keep a bowl of fruit on the kitchen counter instead of pastries, cut some veggies like peppers, cucumber, carrots into strips and keep them in a lidded box in a fridge, ready to have with some humous.
3. Restricting yourself too much
This being said, if you are really craving that cinnamon swirl or brownie, why not go for a walk to your local bakery and treat yourself. Buy one and wait until you get home to eat it, practising delayed gratification. Enjoy your occasional "treat" and eat it without distractions (more on that in point 5 below). Completely avoiding certain products and restricting yourself may lead to binge eating and feeling guilty, creating an unhealthy relationship with food. Adopting an 80/20 rule is a much better way – that’s eating nutritious foods 80% of the time and allowing remaining 20% for those delicious but less nutritious foods.
4. Lacking self-awareness
So, above I shared some healthier snack ideas but do you actually know the true reason behind your snacking? Is it caused by boredom? Stress? Is it your way of dealing with emotions? Or perhaps your meals aren’t balanced/nutritious enough, leaving you feeling hungry or low in energy. Understanding the root cause is the first step to breaking the habits and managing your snacking. Keeping a daily log of your food/water intake, the amount and quality of your sleep, the stress levels and mood can help you spot the patterns and make changes when needed. Your nutrition coach can help you with that.
5. Being out of tune with our bodies
With so many internal and external distractions, we often can’t hear our own bodies and the signals they are sending us. We are such creatures of habit and often find ourselves eating at set times every day. When was the last time you felt the sensation of a physical hunger, the one when your belly rumbles?
Furthermore, how often do you eat in front of the TV? Focusing your attention on what’s on the screen rather than what’s on your plate can cause overeating. We are too distracted to “hear” the body telling us that we are full and don’t need any more food. Studies also show that eating while distracted means that the brain doesn’t fully encode the pleasantness of each bite and it may erase our memory of eating!
Try turning off the TV and eating your next meal without any external distractions. Focus on every forkful, smell the food you prepared, observe the textures and the flavours. Often we spend hours in the kitchen cooking food which then disappears from our plate in minutes, without properly taking the time to enjoy it and appreciating the experience.
6. "Recycling recipes"
I previously mentioned shopping on autopilot which often leads to making the same dishes over and over again, or as I call it - "recycling recipes". This can either be caused by our confidence in the kitchen or simply convenience. Not having a varied and balanced diet means that we are missing out on some essential nutrients that our bodies need.
Research shows that those who lack confidence in the kitchen end up consuming more ready meals. Spending some time looking for some simple and healthy recipes and trying those out will help you get more confident and teach you how to whip up a healthy and well balanced meal in a matter of minutes.
And if a lack of time is the reason, why not try batch cooking? Curries, stews, chilli, soups are all great one pot meals, that don’t take long and can be made in a a big batch to freeze for later. If you want some more tips on batch cooking read one of my previous blog posts.
With so much "noise" about healthy living going on, it is easy to become overwhelmed. It's time we clear the messy cupboard of diets, beliefs and habits, throw away what doesn't serve us and keep what is good. Educate yourself on health and nutrition, question any trendy diets others swear by, do what's best for you and what feels realistic and achievable for you. We are all different, our lifestyles, responsibilities and commitments are different. It is time to start trusting and listening to yourself a little more. Be kind, understanding, compassionate and respectful towards the person that has been hushed for so long - you. Live the life you want and stop fulfilling someone else's expectations.

domain: food


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It’s been awhile since Tiffany “New York” Pollard and George “Tailor Made” Weisberger got engaged during the reunion special of I Love New York, season 2, but time has not dampened the couple’s romance, apparently.
People magazine is reporting that the couple was recently spotted making out at the preview party for the new Manhattan lounge, Suzie Wong.
“They were all over each other,” a source told People, which also claims that the reality TV couple boarded a jet to Las Vegas the following day. There, Pollard hosted an event at the Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino’s new Prive nightclub. She and Weisberger returned to New York City the next day.
Tiffany Pollard had to go through two seasons of I Love New York in order to find her supposed soul mate. At the end of the first search for love, she chose Tango, only to have him reject her during season 1’s reunion show.
Clearly, the second season of I Love New York proved more successful for Pollard, although, like all relationships, her and Weisberger’s coupling hasn’t been without hitches.
The biggest obstacle that has stood in the couple’s way is Weisberger’s ongoing divorce. Last month, Pollard said that “there’s some kinks and knots in the divorce” and added that her fiance’s wife is “slow” in signing off all the necessary legal documents.
“I cursed him out so many times for it. I have cursed out his lawyers over it,” Tiffany Pollard said, referring to Weisberger’s divorce drama. “I’m like, ‘Don’t involve me in this. I have my own issues. Don’t put the lawyers on the phone with me to talk about the progress. I just want to hear when it’s over.’ “
She also said that that although she believes Weisberger is the man for her, she’s not willing to wait for him for a long period of time.
“I can’t wait years for him [to get a divorce],” she said. “I can wait, maybe, three or four months since he’s such a good guy.”
Should things not work out between the two, a third season of I Love New York is no longer an option for Pollard, as she insists she won’t look for love on-air again.
-Lisa Claustro, BuddyTV Staff Columnist
Source: People, Tampa Eagle Tribune
(Image Courtesy of VH1)
Staff Columnist, BuddyTV

domain: entertainment


If you use your chainsaw for cutting or carving wood, you already know this type of job produces huge sawdust and debris which also gets into your saw. When specks of dirt get into your chainsaw it affects its performance as the air filter can’t work properly.
But clean air is essential for the tool as it makes the engine run. Air filter also prevents the dust from entering into other parts of the engine.
So if the air filter remains dirty, your chainsaw wouldn’t work well and also the lifetime of the air filter and as well the chainsaw will be shortened.
Guess you have understood the importance of cleaning the air filter of your chainsaw.
Don’t worry, it is a simple and easy task if you follow a few simple steps.
For cleaning the air filter, first, you need to know when you should clean it?
Learn how to change your chainsaw air filter in the step-by-step guide. Follow the simple checklist discussed with our chainsaw air filter in this article.
So let’s start with this…
When to Clean Air Filter
Air filter of a chainsaw is one of the important parts. So you need to clean it when needed. Now, you may think how would you know it’s cleaning time!?
Well, generally it is better to clean your air filter after every use. When you use your chainsaw to cut or carve wood, it’s air filter gets dirty. Then it may clog with dirt and oil, for which the filter will not be able to filter enough air that is needed to run the chainsaw efficiently.
Even if the air filter gets blocked, your chainsaw would need more fuel to run. But in spite of more fuel, it wouldn’t perform as fast as it does.
So it is necessary to clean the air filter of your chainsaw after every use to get the same speed and uninterrupted performance.
Read more: Chainsaw Wood Carving for Beginners
How to Clean The Air Filter
Chainsaw is the most versatile power tool. You can use this to cut down trees and as well as carving purpose. But from time to time you need to maintain this tool properly in order to get excellent performance.
For maintaining your chainsaw, the first thing you need to do is cleaning its air filter after 5 hours of usage. Because when you use the chainsaw the air filter becomes dirty with oil and sawdust. And when it becomes dirty the machine runs slowly and consumes more fuel. So it is better to clean the filter at the right time.
And for cleaning the air filter of your chainsaw the method is to follow it’s manufacturers instructions. But there are a few basic steps that can help you to clean your air filter easily.
Step 1- Get the Air Filter
Every chainsaw is designed differently, but in most cases, the air filter is placed behind the engine & near the top. To get the air filter, you need to look for the raised circular part on the body of your chainsaw. Use a screwdriver and remove the screws of the cover, you’ll find the air filter. Now lift the cover gently and set it aside to remove the air filter.
Step 2- Remove the Air Filter
Under the first cover you’ve removed, you may find another cover near the engine, it is the cover of the air filter. Now you may need to remove more screws if there are any. And after removing the cover of the air filter, set it aside and now you’ll be able to remove the air filter from the chainsaw to clean it.
Read more: The History and Evolution of Chainsaws
Step 3- Clean the Air Filter
Now it’s time to clean the air filter. For this, you can follow these simple steps-
- Tap the air filter gently on a hard surface. While tapping, remember you have to tap the hard plastic edge of the filter to loosen all dust and debris from it.
- Take a bucket filled with warm and foamy water and dip the filter into the water and gently scrub with a toothbrush. Let it be there for several minutes.
- Now take a bucket of cold water and remove all the soap residue from the filter with it.
- When the air filter is clean properly, take it out from the water and let it air dry.
Step 4- Clean the Cover
You also need to clean both the air filter and chainsaw cover to avoid contaminating the remaining dirt & debris with your clean air filter. So put them in the soap and warm water, scrub them well, rinse thoroughly with the cold water and let them dry.
Step 5- Replace the Air Filter
When the air filter and covers are dry, you can replace the filter. Put the filter back in its place followed by its cover, screw the cover well then put the chainsaw cover on and screw it well.
What Tools Are Needed to Clean a Chainsaw Air Filter
The tools needed to clean a chainsaw air filter include a soft brush, a screwdriver, and an air compressor or air canister. You may also need a rag and some cleaning solution.
How Often Should a Chainsaw Air Filter Be Cleaned
The air filter on a chainsaw should be cleaned every three to four months, or after every 50 hours of use, whichever comes first.
Is It Necessary to Replace the Air Filter After Cleaning It
No, it is not necessary to replace the air filter after cleaning it. Many air filters can be cleaned and reused without needing to be replaced. However, if the air filter is too dirty or clogged, it may need to be replaced.
Hope this guide will help you to clean the air filter of your chainsaw. Though the best way to clean the air filter is to follow the manual. But these steps can help you if you lost your manual or don’t have any other alternatives.
Another thing you need to remember while cleaning the air filter is, as you need to clean it after every use, you need to let it cool down before opening.
Cleaning the air filter helps the chainsaw to perform well and also enhance the lifetime of the filter. Besides, proper maintenance can increase the lifetime of your tools.
So clean and take proper care of your chainsaw and enjoy carving.
You Might Also Like:
- 26 Awesome Tree Stump Chainsaw Carving Ideas
- How to Carve a Bear With a Chainsaw
- 7 Easy Steps for Chainsaw Carving an Eagle Head
- Can You Pressure Wash a Chainsaw
About This Writer
Hi, I am Eric Devin and I am a professional interior architect. Since childhood, I've always enjoyed DIY projects! And, I have loved to solve simple household problems using essential tools and equipment. I have also acquired a lot of information about basic household tools settings by working with contractors.


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Cranberry harvest is wrapping up in New Jersey
New Jersey cranberry growers are wrapping up their annual harvest — and it's a big one, as always. The state is No. 3 in the nation for cranberry production.
New Jersey Secretary of Agriculture Doug Fisher said annually the state produces "a nice crop, a big crop. And we have about 3,100 acres of cranberries in our state."
That translates into about 50 to 60 million pounds of Jersey cranberries annually, with a value of about $16 million.
Fisher said New Jersey cranberries are a marriage of environment and expertise — a sandy soil with a low PH value, and a workforce of farmers who've been at it for years.
The season winds up in early November, with the most production in mid to late October.
"So they're out there now harvesting," Fisher said. "They've been harvesting for a while."
He says 95 percent of the production goes to the Ocean Spray Co-Op.
"When you go to the store, you want to look for either Ocean Spray or some Jersey Fresh product, and you'll be getting fresh cranberries," Fisher said.
The state's FindJerseyFresh.com suggests should choose cranberries that are firm and not shriveled. It says you can refrigerate cranberries for up to two months, or freeze them for future use.
Joe Cutter is the afternoon news anchor on New Jersey 101.5.
More from New Jersey 101.5:

domain: agronomy


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Marc Forster Sets Sail for "Land of Roses"
In his glory of securing coveted directing slot in "Bond 22", Marc Forster appears to have another stint to do in his future schedule. The Hollywood Reporter has revealed that the Swiss filmmaker is reuniting with Mandate Pictures to executive produce the studio's drama feature "Land of the Roses" which he will possibly direct.
Inspired by the real-life account of Kurdish immigrant Ibrahim Parlak in post-9/11 tragedy, pic follows a suburban mother as she attempts to exonerate a hardworking Middle Eastern father falsely imprisoned as a terrorist by Homeland Security with the support of her fellow outraged townspeople.
Names onboard to star still remain a big question for now, but it is learned that Albert Torres has been tapped to work on the screenplay with Mandate's Joe Drake and Nathan Kahane serving in some producer capacity.
"When you have a good experience working with someone, you always look for the next project to collaborate on; 'Land of Roses' was that project for us," Kahane remarked. "Albert writes with a distinctive voice, and to couple that talent with Marc's vision as a filmmaker is a rare opportunity we didn't want to miss."
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Lexus has unveiled a modified RC F at SEMA which
features a carbon fiber body kit and a Nitrous Express 100-shot wet nitrous
The model also has a Tein Mono coilover suspension, Brembo brakes and 20-inch Yokohama Advan wheels shod with Yokohama Advan Sport tires.
To increate performance, the tuner has installed GReddy Prototype Supreme SP exhaust system and GReddy Prototype high performance intake kit, in addition to the aforementioned nitrous system by Nitrous Express. Performance specification haven't been released, but the standard RC F has 467 hp and 383 lb-ft of torque.
Inside, there are Sparco carbon fiber reclinable seats and custom re-upholstered inserts.


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This lesson will focus on england's wars of the roses the war was born out of a desire for power and some identify the main players in the wars of the roses. In order to understand the importance of the battle of barnet it is equally important to understand why and how the war of the roses happened the main players. Buy the wars of the roses: the key players in the struggle for supremacy by matthew lewis (isbn: 9781445646350) from amazon's book store everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Recognize the principal players of the 30 years war the 30 years war: what's your main goal. The wars of the roses were fought between two involved with the wars of the roses key players involved with the wars of the roses as the war involved.
The hundred years' war was a long struggle between england and france over succession to the french throne it lasted from 1337 to. The war of the roses was a civil war in england st albans to block the main road from the north but of the wars of the roses including major players and. The hundred years war (1337 - 1453) also here is a lot of information about main players of the war: king the war of the roses explained. The 10 best: first world war music morale-boosting songs yet the snarling, bellicose opening and angry, sweeping main theme stir indelible images of warfare.
Different sides of the tracks screeching tires and people screaming pierced the calm morning air as a truck careened through a student parking lot. The hundred years war is by far one of the most one of the main key players in the start of this war had a new war on their hands the wars of the roses.
The war of the roses essay examples the main players of the war between the roseslancastrianhenry vi became king of england at the young age of one. War of roses essays1 the main players of the war between the roses henry vi became king of england at the young age of one, succeeding his father henry v he was incapable of following in his mighty predecessor.
War of the roses pits two teams against one another in epic medieval battles harkening back to the titular bloody war between the houses lancaster and york. Free english civil war back then it didn't look like war, but when you look at the main the war of the roses - wars of the roses “have.
Battles of the war overview hostilities between the united states and mexico began on april 25, 1846, and continued until september 14, 1847 during the course of the war, the united states and mexico would engage in dozens of conflicts, together losing upwards of 38,000 soldiers (only about 1,700 us deaths were directly battle-related. 4 games like war of the roses for xbox one, daily generated by our specialised ai comparing over 40 000 video games across all platforms this list includes for honor, chivalry: medieval warfare, mount & blade: warband, mount & blade. But to get more information about the causes of thewars of roses and the major players war of roses is the main undeniablefacts as ''there was a war.


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GUWAHATI: The Assam Police intercepted an Oil Tanker which was carrying Buffalo instead of Oil in Srirampur Police Outpost in Gossaingaon, Assam on 28th November.
As per the officials from the scene, the tanker was carrying 10 buffalos which were coming from Bihar and was taking passage way to Shillong, Meghalaya. Reportedly two people were arrested in relation which the transportation.
Earlier this year, the BJP -lead Assam government introduced the Assam Cattle Preservation Bill, 2021 with the principal goal of preventing cow trafficking to Bangladesh, according to Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma.
It also aims to ban the selling of beef in territories controlled by non-beef-eating groups, as well as within a 5-kilometer radius around temples and'satras' (Vaishnav monasteries) founded by Srimanta Sankaradeva in the 15-16th century.
The law aims to repeal the Assam Cattle Preservation Act of 1950, which permits the killing of cows over the age of fourteen or those who have been crippled for life due to labor, reproduction, injury, or deformity when local veterinary authorities verify that they are fit for slaughter.
This clause is preserved in the bill, which aims to restrict cow slaughtering, consuming, and illicit trafficking throughout Assam. The approved animals could only be butchered at licenced and authorized slaughterhouses, according to the document.
"The State government may exclude particular places of worship or events from the slaughter of cattle other than cows, heifers, or calves for religious grounds," it states.
The officials also stated that the tanker was seized around 11am during their regular patrolling at the Srirampur district. Their were total 10 buffaloes inside the tanker. The police have taken the 10 perpetrators under custody and required interrogation has been conducted. According to officials there might be many others linked to such cases.


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Integrating Hospitals into Community Emergency.
The contemporary terrorist attacks and natural disasters necessitate the complete scheme for response measures to be carefully examined. The hospitals and their integration to the whole response process are considered the weakest link. Therefore a special attention has to be paid to this particular section of the planning of the response process.
In the article Integrating Hospitals into Community Emergency the authors evaluate the role of the hospital personnel in the counteractions to disasters and the way the hospitals have to react according to the disaster’s type and location. The mechanism of an effective response of the hospital staff is bound up with the preparedness of the community to respond and the pre event integration of the hospitals in the response process. For a better understanding the level to which the hospitals are included in the community response planning and to assess if they are the weakest link in that planning the authors implement a study carried out through the whole country. Figure 1 of the article illustrates the link between the hospital personnel and the rest stakeholders in the emergency process.
The methods used by the study comprised the convoking a technical group of experts who made up and spread nationwide a questionnaire to evaluate the character and existence of hospital – community services relations that made easier the answer to the local emergencies, promoted a hospital model strategy, administered the survey instrument and analyzed the collected data.
The rate of response of hospitals to the questionnaire was very low, and the answers were not verified. Table 1 from the article contains the Topics to which the questionnaire is addressed.
Hospital and community planning
Community-wide training and drills
Community plans for additional supplies and equipment
Systems for public health reporting and laboratory capacity
Community surge capacity plans relating to staffing, transportation, and
Sharing information about available resources
Communication mechanisms and protocols
(Table 1, Integrating Hospitals into Community Emergencies, Web)
With duly advices from the expert panel the questionnaire was mailed to 1750 U. S. medical – surgical hospitals but only 678 agreed to join the initiative, and 575 of them completed the questionnaire. We obtain the picture about the proportion between the two targeted groups of hospitals the urban and the rural from Table 2 presented in the commented article.
The analysis of the result of this study show that the urban and large hospitals perform in a better way these seventeen basic elements, included in the research, and the fact was connected to the high number of hazards in the urban areas, and the experience these hospitals had responding these hazards, and the last but not less significant – participation and preparation in previous events of national security.
The study showed that the major part of the hospitals integrated in the response process but many questions remained opened such as:
What happens with the population of the rural areas where the hospitals do not integrate enough to satisfy the requirements for such process?
What has to be done to improve the integration between the hospitals and public health departments?
How the general response strategy has to be applied in order to enhance its efficiency?
How the population to be better informed about the possible hazards and to be acquainted with the general strategy for response?
How to perform efficient training to all participants in the response process?
Together with many other questions the abovementioned ones are discussed in details and wait for their solution.
Braun, Barbara PhD, Wineman, Nicole V. MA, Finn, Nicole L. MA, Barbera, Joseph A. MD, Smaltz, Stephan P. PhD, Loeb, Jerad M. PhD, Integrating Hospitals into Community Emergency,
Annals of Internal Medicine, Web www.annals.org 2006


The Chief Executive Officer of Brahmos Aerospace company, Atul Rane, told Russian TASS agency that the hypersonic version of the BrahMos cruise missile, the BrahMos-II, may include technology from Russia's Tsirkon hypersonic missile.
Tag Archives : Brahmos
20 Jan 2022
India's DRDO conducted a successful test-fire of the BrahMos missile with enhanced indigenous content and improved performance on January 20.
14 Jan 2022
The Philippine Department of National Defense issued a NOA indicating the government's approval to purchase the BrahMos missile system.
11 Jan 2022
India's newest P15B stealth guided-missile destroyer INS Visakhapatnam (D-66) conducted a live test-firing of the advanced sea to sea variant of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile on January 11.
28 Dec 2021
The new Brahmos Manufacturing Center in Lucknow will produce from 80 to 100 Brahmos missiles per year, the Indian Defense Ministry’s press office said.
08 Dec 2021
The Air version of BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was successfully test fired from the supersonic fighter aircraft Sukhoi 30 MK-I at 1030 hrs from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the coast of Odisha on December 08, 2021.
08 Mar 2021
On March 2, 2021, the Philippines and India signed a government-to-government agreement on defense equipment procurement, paving the way for the sale of the Brahmos missile to the Philippines.


East Austin is the place to be this weekend, specifically along E. 12th St. Not only are there a lot of great shows to catch during the Eastside Kings Festival, but creative collective PietchHouse is offering a sneak peak of the Future Front House for Future Front Texas.
The new Future Front HQ, 1900 E. 12th St., houses a community space and exhibition series for local artists, with women and LGBTQ+ creatives at the helm. As a special preview of the new location, everyone’s invited to An Eastside Evening with Magna Carda, featuring a photo exhibit, a conversation with the East Side Riders bike club, and a performance by Magna Carda. The event begins at 7:30 p.m. tonight at Future Front House. Tickets are available at the PietschHouse website.


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Richard and Maurice McDonald founded the fast-food company that has now spread throughout the world. Despite the fact that they have made a substantial contribution to the sector, Ray Kroc, their franchise agent, frequently takes center stage. However, it’s critical to acknowledge the brothers’ contribution to the development of the McDonald’s brand and their cutting-edge method of food delivery.
In San Bernardino, California, Richard and Maurice McDonald launched their first eatery in 1940.
The first restaurant was a drive-in that served a variety of food. But in 1948, a newly envisioned McDonald’s opened with a small menu that concentrated on just a few items, like burgers, fries, and drinks.
As a result, the brothers were able to streamline their business and concentrate on providing high-quality, prompt service, which later became the cornerstone of the McDonald’s brand.
Despite their success, the brothers eventually sold the business to Ray Kroc, who went on to establish the McDonald’s franchise as a massive international conglomerate.
However, it would be remiss to ignore the McDonald brothers’ pioneering approach to food service and early success.
It is essential to comprehend the development of the fast-food industry and the influence it has had on contemporary culture in order to comprehend the history of the McDonald’s brand and the contributions of its founders.
Early Life and Business Ventures
Childhood and Family
Maurice McDonald was born in 1902, and Richard McDonald was born in February of 1909.
They were raised in an eight-child family in New Hampshire.
Their mother, Margarett McDonald, was of Scottish ancestry, while their father, Patrick McDonald, was an Irish immigrant.
Despite their parents’ efforts, the family’s finances were difficult.
Early Business Ventures
Richard and Maurice McDonald emigrated to California in the 1920s in search of financial success.
They attempted a number of businesses, such as a drive-in restaurant and a movie theater, but nothing seemed to be successful.
In San Bernardino, where they eventually made their home, they started a hot dog stand in 1940.
Although the hot dog stand was a success, the brothers wanted to grow their company.
They made the decision to condense their menu and concentrate on a few dishes that they could cook fast and effectively.
They named their new eatery “McDonald’s Bar-B-Q” and set up a production line system so they could serve customers rapidly.
The eatery was well-liked, and the brothers quickly understood that they had found a successful recipe.
They made the decision to franchise their company and added several other locations around California.
They quickly learned, though, that running a franchise system was trickier than they had thought, so they started looking for a new franchising agent.
A milkshake machine salesman named Ray Kroc visited the McDonald brothers’ restaurant in 1954 and was intrigued by their management style.
He persuaded them to accept him as their agent for franchising, and he soon started opening McDonald’s outlets around the nation. As they say, the rest is history.
Founding of McDonald’s
Richard and Maurice McDonald, two American businessmen, started the fast food chain McDonald’s.
When the brothers established their first restaurant in San Bernardino, California, in 1940, the company’s history officially began.
The First McDonald’s Restaurant
The establishment was first a drive-in that served a variety of food. The brothers, however, made the decision to rebuild the company in 1948.
A three-month makeover resulted in the opening of a brand-new McDonald’s.
Only nine items were available on the restaurant’s limited menu, which included hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, milkshakes, and soft drinks.
The brothers’ firm became more lucrative thanks to the simplified menu’s contribution to increased productivity and cost savings.
Innovations in Fast Food
The fast food industry was completely transformed by the McDonald brothers’ inventions.
They unveiled the “Speedee Service System,” which put an emphasis on efficiency and quickness.
In this system, food was prepared quickly and precisely using assembly-line techniques. The brothers also created their own tools, such as the “Multimixer,” which could produce many milkshakes simultaneously.
The brothers’ firm started franchising in 1953 after the McDonald’s restaurant became an instant hit.
Ray Kroc, who later acquired the business from the brothers and transformed it into the global fast food juggernaut it is today, was one of their first franchisees.
The McDonald brothers, who introduced innovations that would alter how food was made and served, were forerunners in the fast food industry.
The countless McDonald’s locations around the world carry on their legacy.
The Split and Legacy
The McDonald brothers expanded their restaurant empire in California after the opening of their first outlet.
They quickly realized, nevertheless, that they could not continue to exert the same level of quality control and oversight over each restaurant’s operations.
They sold the business to Ray Kroc in 1961 after persuading him to become a franchisee of their company. Kroc was a failing milkshake machine salesman.
The Ray Kroc Era
McDonald’s expanded internationally under Kroc’s direction.
He increased the number of franchises to thousands across the globe and added new menu items like the Big Mac and Egg McMuffin.
Additionally, Kroc put into place a new system for employee training and upholding uniformity across all locations.
Although Kroc is frequently credited with starting McDonald’s, the McDonald brothers actually invented fast food and completely changed the restaurant business.
Despite this, the brothers didn’t get much credit for what they did to make the business successful.
Maurice McDonald died in 1971, while Richard McDonald died in 1998.
Numerous people in the fast food industry and beyond have been motivated by their legacy of creativity and entrepreneurship.
McDonald’s is one of the biggest and most well-known brands in the world right now, with more than 38,000 outlets across more than 100 nations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who were the McDonald brothers?
Richard (February 1909 – July 14, 1998) and Maurice McDonald (1902 – December 11, 1971) were American entrepreneurs who founded the fast-food company McDonald’s. They opened the original McDonald’s restaurant in 1940 in San Bernardino, California, where they created the Speedee Service System to produce their meals, a method that became the basis for the modern fast-food restaurant.
What was the Speedee Service System?
The Speedee Service System was a method of food preparation and service that the McDonald brothers developed in the 1940s. It involved dividing the preparation of food into separate tasks, with each worker responsible for a specific task. This system allowed the McDonald brothers to produce high-quality food quickly and efficiently, which was a revolutionary concept at the time.
What was the role of Ray Kroc in the McDonald’s story?
Ray Kroc was a milkshake machine salesman who saw the potential in the McDonald’s concept and convinced the brothers to franchise their business. Kroc became the driving force behind the expansion of McDonald’s, eventually buying out the McDonald brothers in 1961. While Kroc is often credited with creating McDonald’s, it was the McDonald brothers who developed the Speedee Service System and laid the foundation for the company’s success.
What was the relationship between the McDonald brothers and Ray Kroc?
Initially, the McDonald brothers had a good working relationship with Kroc, and they saw him as a partner who could help them expand their business. However, as Kroc became more involved in the business, he began to clash with the brothers over the direction of the company. Eventually, Kroc bought out the McDonald brothers and took full control of the company, which led to a bitter legal battle between the parties.
To sum up, Richard and Maurice McDonald were the men who started the first McDonald’s eatery.
By presenting a small menu of high-quality food and prompt service, they transformed the fast-food sector.
Ray Kroc, who eventually bought out the brothers and expanded McDonald’s into a global franchise, was drawn to their creative ideas and business approach.
The McDonald brothers’ net worth is insignificant in comparison to the present market value of the McDonald’s firm, despite their substantial contributions to the fast food sector.
They retired to their hometown, where they had simple lives until they passed away.
The McDonald brothers’ tale serves as a reminder that success is not always determined by monetary gain.
The McDonald’s brand, which continues to provide food to millions of people around the world, carries on their heritage.


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*** Properties in Colombia, Properties in Antioquia, Properties in Envigado: Apartments for Sale *** Listed by: real estate turismo verde *** Last Modified on: 2018-07-21 23:03:13 Brand new apartment located in envigado, a neighborhood called Cumbres, 175 square meters, - useful area 165 square meters, 4 rooms, 5 bathrooms, 2 garages, rating 5, 5th floor, construction - date 2016. - Apartment in Medellin for sale - Beautiful apartment to the north of the sector of Cumbres... *** Price: 3,844,060 USD
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This page contains polls dedicated to Wes Scantlin.
If you want to create a poll please feel free to do it by clicking on "Create a Poll" button.
Wes Scantlin was born on Friday, June 09, 1972 in Kansas City, Missouri, USA. He is a famous song writer, lead singer and guitarist.
Biography and Career:
Wes Scantlin was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He graduated from Park High School in Kansas City in 1990. He has been a guitarist and a lead singer for rock band, Puddle of Mudd right from the time his debut album Stuck was released. The bands next album "Abrasive" was released in 1997.
In 2001 their new album "Come Clean" was relea read more...
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Ottawa : Edmond Cloutier, King's Printer and Controller of Stationery, 1946.; 4 pages, 3 with full-text search [?]
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|Creator||Great Britain. Treaties, etc. Canada 1946 July 24.|
Agreement between Canada and the United Kingdom for the purchase of Canadian wheat.
Canada treaty series ; 1946 no. 30.
|Published||Ottawa : Edmond Cloutier, King's Printer and Controller of Stationery, 1946.|
CA1 EA10 46T30 ENG
Wheat trade -- Canada.
Wheat trade -- Great Britain.
Canada -- Commerce -- Great Britain.
Great Britain -- Commerce -- Canada.
4 p. ; 24 cm. --
Signed at Ottawa, July 24, 1946; in force July 24, 1946.

domain: history


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Raynham Park spokeswoman Amy Lambiaso said 25 of the track’s 600 full-time and part-time workers had been laid off to date. Once live racing ends, another 50 to 60 will be laid off and 40 to 50 workers whose jobs are tied to dog handling will be let go. Lambiaso said all of those workers have already been notified of their layoffs and that they will be the first contacted for jobs should slot machines be authorized.Freaking liars to the end. As has been well documented on this site, Raynham Park employs a fraction of their boasts - boasts which seemed to change daily back during the ballot campaign. George Carney famously gave two very different numbers when interviewed by two different journalists in articles published within a day of each other back during the campaign, only three months after he laughibly claimed the two tracks employed literally 6,000-8,000 people. For the record, Raynham Park, in 2002, employed only between 100-249 people, according to the US Census. It is surely many fewer people now, given how badly the industry did between 2002 and today.
From the industry that literally prevented their workers from receiving state-paid retraining, so they could continue to cry foul about their workers, using them as PR devices, I guess this is right about what you'd expect. If only George Carney and his lackeys would let sleeping dogs lie, but the truth is he'll do almost anything to keep his track open in hopes of one day getting slots. It should surprise no one that dishonest, corrupt people would seek to open a dishonest and corrupt business.