ATACMS: a big problem for Russia or not?
We have already talked more than once about how gifts from NATO can become serious (or not) problems for us. Yes, for all of us, or at least the overwhelming majority, because in addition to the fact that many have relatives, friends and acquaintances in the Northern Military District, these gifts also systematically and regularly arrive in the European part.
During these discussions, it was said that the ballistic missiles of the Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) could still go to Ukraine. And now it has happened, but it should be noted that the main attention was paid to the options for this weapons, equipped with unitary (single high-explosive) warheads. And the other day it became known that versions with cluster munitions will reach Ukraine, which, according to many experts, can create a number of serious complications for Russian troops.
ATACMS, the US short-range ballistic missile, is not an innovative weapon. The missile is not new; development began in 1982, and it was put into service in 1991. The missile is produced in two main versions, with a high-explosive fragmentation warhead and a cassette warhead.
The first two variants of the MGM-140A ATACMS Block 1 and Block 1A were cluster munitions loaded with 950 and 275-300 submunitions with a maximum range of 165 kilometers and 300 kilometers, respectively. These two missiles are known as MGM-140A and B, Block I and IA, and M39 and M39A1.
Composite image of ATACMS ejecting a payload of warheads from cassettes
Later versions of ATACMS that entered service are equipped with unitary warheads. These missiles are designated MGM-140E and MGM-168As, Block IVA, and M48s and M57, based on differences in fuses and other internal components. However, they all have the same 227 kg high-explosive fragmentation warhead, the same one used in the Harpoon anti-ship missile.
However, there is one big difference. It consists of the Harpoon crashing into a target at subsonic speeds, and the ATACMS doing the same at near hypersonic speeds, which converts the missile's massive kinetic energy and transfers it to the target, allowing it to successfully destroy hardened targets. All these ATACMS have a maximum range of 300 kilometers.
All types of ATACMS missiles can be launched from M270 tracked Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) launchers and wheeled M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launchers. Both chassis are already in service with the Ukrainian army.
A year and a half ago, when the NWO began, sending cluster munitions to Ukraine seemed an unlikely possibility, but a precedent had already been set by the delivery of many thousands of cluster artillery shells from US reserve stocks. The first of these munitions arrived in July after a long period of internal debate within the Biden administration. The shells were seen as a way to dramatically expand Ukraine's access to 155mm artillery ammunition of any kind to support its counteroffensive and bring new effects to the battlefield in an attempt to break through fortified Russian lines. So the debate about transferring cluster munitions to Ukraine is over in its favor.
Some of the US M39/A1 ATACMS variants of cluster munitions have been converted into versions with HE warheads. Changes in precision-guided weapon capabilities and the controversy over cluster munitions, along with changes in combined arms tactics, have spurred attention to unitary warhead models. For Ukraine, the ability to strike across areas nearly 300 kilometers away and to do so with a delivery system that is very difficult to defend (hypersonic speed at the end point) represents serious problems that the Ukrainian side could cause for Russia.
For Ukraine, which has been intensively begging for ATACMS for months, the ability to deliver a 227-kg warhead over long distances would mean big problems for Russia's critical logistics hubs and associated infrastructure such as bridges and fortified command and control centers located far behind the front line. However, the cluster version poses a great threat to vehicle fleets, ammunition depots and especially air defense systems and aircraft at airfields.
One M39A1 ATACMS, equipped with GPS and inertial navigation, carries approximately 300 M74 submunitions. The missile spins to stabilize its flight during its final attack, releasing the payload bay covers and centrifugal force causing the bombs to fly in a curved path. The size of the ATACMS effect area and bomb density can be changed by setting different release heights.
The baseball-like M74 is a nasty weapon. It is equipped with a high explosive charge inside this irregular sphere. The asymmetrical design imparts rotation to the firing element during release. As soon as the rotation speed reaches 2 rpm, its fuse is activated. Hundreds of M400s falling almost simultaneously create a cloud of debris that covers the ground. The weapon is considered highly effective against personnel and lightly armored targets.
Diagram showing the components of the M39 ATACMS, including the M74 submunitions inside.
Example of an M74 submunition
The Americans rightly note that, in principle, a pair of ATACMS could solve many problems, for example, releasing them at the Russian air base in Crimea and destroying all the aircraft in the parking lots. None of the aircraft were parked in fortified hangars or under any cover at all, so the losses could have been quite significant. Anything that is explosive or flammable will explode, creating severe secondary effects.
Of course, such tactics would be no less effective than the use of long-range unmanned aerial vehicles or remotely controlled drones-kamikazes for striking individual aircraft, not to mention sabotage teams that must physically place explosives on their targets. Yes, and losses in their aviation from barrage fire may be unprecedented.
Unpleasant situation. A huge number of fragments would have bombarded the air defense missile system's position. And although these surface-to-air missile systems have some missile defense capabilities, ATACMS is a difficult target to destroy quickly. If the complex's missiles were used as part of a layered attack, this would be even more difficult even for such advanced missiles as the S-400.
This is especially true for ongoing Ukrainian operations against Crimea, in which Kyiv is focusing on punching holes in Russia's air defense umbrella over the peninsula to facilitate cruise missile and drone attacks on other targets. And, as we see, it is the layered use of air and sea drones, coupled with cruise missiles, that allows us to achieve certain successes.
Troop camps and ammunition depots would also be at extreme risk from attacks by ATACMS equipped with cluster munitions. Even the Black Sea Fleet itself could suffer greatly at the hands of an ATACMS equipped with cluster munitions. Yes, the main systems of ships are unlikely to be damaged, but fragments are a terrible enemy to communication antennas, radars and electronic warfare modules.
Considering that in our airfields and ports it is somehow not customary even after six months to disperse ships and planes using the “Mediterranean” style of mooring, then, of course, a rocket will not sink anything. But the damage will be quite significant. The same is true for the airfield.
General Kirill Budanov told The War Zone how important ATACMS can be for these reasons, while in Washington and giving an interview there, he said:
All this said, serious questions remain about when Ukraine might receive any ATACMS and what options it might receive.
At the most basic level, US President Joe Biden and his administration appear to be steadily toying with the idea of transferring some ATACMS to the Ukrainian military. It comes after months of pushback, with U.S. officials regularly citing the relatively limited number of these strategically important weapons in the U.S. stockpile, as well as concerns about provoking a new level of escalation by the Russian government.
Last week, Douglas Bush, assistant secretary of the Army for acquisition, logistics and technology, said the stockpile problem should be significantly eased by the acquisition of new precision strike missiles (PrSM) to replace ATACMS. The PrSM manufacturer, Lockheed Martin, told The War Zone that it expects to begin delivering production samples by the end of this year. If Lockheed succeeds, it will be unpleasant.
Testing of the PrSM high-precision missile. US Department of Defense
Speaking at a media roundtable on September 19, Bush also took the opportunity to rebut previous reports that the US military had somehow underestimated its ATACMS stockpile. “Of course, we know exactly how many we have and where they are.”
Just the other day, Deputy Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment William LaPlante announced that deliveries of PrSM had begun.
But the question of quantity and quality remains. That is, how many and what variants of ATACMS may be available for transfer, as well as how quickly this can happen. ATACMS is still in production, but the US military stopped buying new ones several years ago. Today, what is produced goes to replenish supplies to countries that purchased ATACMS earlier. But there are still more than a dozen of them...
Lockheed Martin, which makes missiles and launchers, has produced about 4 ATACMS of all variants over the past two decades. That includes about 000 that U.S. troops shot in combat during the Gulf War and Iraq War, as well as others that were sold to foreign countries, according to previous reports.
M39 or M39A1 ATACMS missile under conversion
How many M39/A1 cluster munitions may remain in US service at this time is unknown, just as it is unknown how many of these munitions remain in countries that have purchased ATACMS. ATACMS cluster munitions have been exported in the past to Bahrain, Greece, South Korea and Turkey.
Last week, The Washington Post reported that ongoing discussions about sending ATACMS to Ukraine have focused on the possibility of sending missiles loaded with cluster munitions.
It's worth remembering that several Republican members of Congress previously wrote an open letter to the Biden administration, imploring it to approve sending cluster munition artillery shells to Ukraine, and explicitly noted that this could help "unlock several new systems that have a cluster munition variant, including...ATACMS.” Biden ultimately decided to allow the transfer of 155mm artillery shells filled with submunitions to Ukraine, as already mentioned, and eventually it came to missiles.
All this indicates that Ukraine will receive the announced minimum of three dozen M39/A1 ATACMS missiles, and, most likely, there will be more deliveries as the American arsenals make new ones. But even if the minimum is set, it will still be able to have a certain influence on the course of events. Even in the cassette version, and not in the unitary version.
Yes, you will have to forget about a target like the Crimean Bridge, but you can cause damage by operating on other targets, where cluster munitions will be no less, but more effective.
The question is how to apply it.
Recently, Secretary of the Security Council of Ukraine Alexey Danilov stated that “the Ukrainian Armed Forces will not use ATACMS missiles for attacks on Russian territory.” The question is that in Ukraine they consider the territory of Russia. There are opinions that at the time of 1991, respectively, the Lugansk, Donetsk regions, Crimea and the territories of the Kherson and Zaporozhye regions can be applied easily and naturally.
Well, or we can once again make sure that Kyiv will once again break the promises it made and send missiles to Belgorod.
Considering the American practice of talking about deliveries when weapons are already in Ukraine, we can conclude that those same 30 ATACMS are already in warehouses somewhere in western Ukraine.
In general, missiles with a flight range of 140 to 220 km, and the first releases of ATACMS did not fly over long distances, are not so scary. More precisely, they will be very dangerous, but, firstly, it is possible to move away infrastructure that can cause great damage to ATACMS, such as warehouses. Yes, this will worsen the logistics of supplying the front line, but in the end, it’s better to have a warehouse far away, but intact, than one that burned down nearby. And secondly, we have something to oppose ATACMS.
Still, the Russian army has at its disposal enough complexes capable of hitting targets such as a tactical missile. These are the Buk-M2, Buk-M3, S-300VM, S-300PM2 and S-400 complexes. The Pantsir can also prove effective, because the ATACMS missiles of the first releases are still closer to the Tochka U than to the Iskander in terms of their performance characteristics.
But nevertheless, there is a certain threat. And in terms of quantity, because if the word was said about 30 missiles, then the matter may not be limited to a hundred. Although, as the same Budanov said, even 100 missiles are nothing. They will not be able to solve the situation at the front.
So, of course, ATACMS is a problem for Russia in some sense. But not global, we have so many problems and more serious ones, so 30 missiles is, as they say, not the worst of the problems.
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Impossible Modernism reads the writings of German philosopher and critic Walter Benjamin (1892–1940) and Anglo-American poet and critic T. S. Eliot (1888–1965) to examine the relationship between literary and historical form during the modernist period. It focuses particularly on how they both resisted the forms of narration established by nineteenth-century academic historians and turned instead to traditional literary deviceslyric, satire, anecdote, and allegoryto reimagine the forms that historical representation might take. Tracing the fraught relationship between poetry and history back to Aristotle's Poetics and forward to Nietzsche's Untimely Meditations, Robert S. Lehman establishes the coordinates of the intellectual-historical problem that Eliot and Benjamin inherited and offers an analysis of how they grappled with this legacy in their major works.
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About the Author
Robert S. Lehman is Assistant Professor of English at Boston College.
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T. S. Eliot, Walter Benjamin, and the Critique of Historical Reason
By Robert S. Lehman
STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSCopyright © 2016 Stanford University Press
All rights reserved.
ON 30 SEPTEMBER 1914, Ezra Pound wrote to Harriet Monroe, the founding editor of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, the following lines about his new discovery:
I was jolly well right about Eliot. He has sent in the best poem I have yet had or seen from an American. PRAY GOD IT BE NOT A SINGLE AND UNIQUE SUCCESS. ... He has taken it back to get it ready for the press and you shall have it in a few days. He is the only American I know of who has made what I can call adequate preparation for writing. He has actually trained himself and modernized himself on his own. The rest of the promising young have done one or the other but never both (most of the swine have done neither). It is such a comfort to meet a man and not have to tell him to wash his face, wipe his feet, and remember the date (1914) on the calendar. (Letters 80)
T. S. Eliot had completed "the best poem yet seen from an American" — "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" — in 1911, roughly a year before Pound declared the birth of imagism. "Prufrock" would finally appear in Poetry's June 1915 issue, then a few months later in Pound's Catholic Anthology 1914–1915 (1915), and then again as the first poem in Eliot's Prufrock and Other Observations (1917). Pound's letter to Monroe is noteworthy not only because it attests to Pound's ear for talent, nor because it initiates the productive relationship between Pound and Eliot that would culminate in The Waste Land, but because it augurs, in the figure of Eliot that Pound sketches, a shift in the character of literary modernism. As Pound presents him to Monroe, Eliot appears as the poet of "both/and." He has both "trained himself" in the tradition — mastered the poetry of the past — and "modernized himself." He has both learned his manners, which bind him to what was, and recognized the "date on the calendar," the present moment, which makes its own demands on the poet. For Pound, who in 1914 still felt himself pulled between his roles as translator of past forms and as avant-gardist in the style of his friends Wyndham Lewis and Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, Eliot, in his articulation of history and poetry, represented a position that Pound himself might occupy — and that modernism might occupy as well. Already in 1914, then, Pound could glimpse in Eliot's individual talent a map of modernism's trajectory from rupture to historical reconciliation.
Much has been written on this trajectory, and on the importance of Eliot's poetics within it. Three-quarters of a century after Pound announced Eliot's arrival, Michael Levenson would conclude his Genealogy of Modernism with a discussion of the conciliatory role that Eliot had played during the period. Unlike much of the London avant-garde, Levenson notes, "Eliot himself had not joined the attack on tradition. He had not chanted with the Vorticists that 'Life is the Past and the Future. The Present is Art.' He thus entered the debate at an opportune moment to assert the need for the regenerating example of past forms" (158). Eliot arrived slightly late to the London scene, missing by a couple years the "futurist moment" that had marked the poetry and the person of Pound; but Eliot arrived with the benefit of a historical perspective, and this allowed him to correct the overweening ambitions of his contemporaries. With Eliot, then, literary modernism became sadder but wiser. It became historical.
Historians of modernism, whether they celebrate Eliot for his renewal of a movement that appeared destined for exhaustion or decry the deadening effects of his conservatism, at least agree on his success in uniting modern poetry and history. In these readings, the stress tends to fall less on the specific themes or formal characteristics of Eliot's writings than on the way his writings — and most typically, his critical writings — were taken up by the next generation of literary scholars, by the American New Critics and, most essentially, by F. R. Leavis. In what follows, my approach to Eliot's writings shall be somewhat different. I do not intend to challenge the claim that Eliot turned poetry toward history and so returned modernism to the great tradition of Western literature from which the former had seemingly sought to escape. For better or worse, this is Eliot's legacy. I do, however, want to resist the tendency to conflate this legacy with Eliot's actual project, at least as this project unfolded in the writings up to and including The Waste Land. I want to resist, then, the tendency to read Eliot's turn to the past as an essentially restorative gesture, as a traditionalist's attempt to smooth over the cracks in cultural history that had been spreading since the second half of the nineteenth century. My feeling is that this rendering of Eliot's project errs insofar as it treats as a solution what was, for Eliot, a — and perhaps the — problem: history. If Eliot turned to the past, to history, where so many of his contemporaries remained focused on the present, he did so not because history could be counted on to recontain the troubling fact of rupture; rather, he did so to ask what model of history could make his own poetic practice possible. And this entailed a thoroughgoing critique of a historicism that was, no less than romanticism, an essential part of the nineteenth century's legacy. This critique reached its zenith in 1922, with the publication of The Waste Land. Eliot's so-called "traditionalism" is only its popular face.
My hope is that by separating Eliot's alleged traditionalism from Eliot's critique of historical form, I will be able to lay the groundwork for two complementary projects. The first concerns Eliot's poetic production during his early London years. Against those readers who treat Eliot's turn to history during this period as the first stirrings of the classicism, royalism, and Anglo-Catholicism that would become synonymous with his work following his 1927 conversion, I want to shift the focus to what Eliot did to history. To anticipate the argument to follow: Eliot did not go to history for the "regenerating example of past forms," at least not at first; rather, he turned to history out of an awareness of the limits that it sets to poetic accomplishment and to attempt a poetic reimagining of history, one that might allow him to exceed these limits. Eliot's lyrical, satirical, and mythical articulations of literary history are where we find this reimagining carried out. The second project is of a piece with the broader concerns of this book. I want to make the case for including Eliot in a larger tradition of poetic thinking about history, a tradition that I sketched in the preceding chapter and that includes the works of — among others — Marx, Nietzsche, and (the subject of this book's second half) Walter Benjamin.
This chapter will address Eliot's struggle with history as it unfolded between, roughly, 1910 and 1920, between the composition of "Prufrock" and the publication of "Gerontion." The decade is a significant one in Eliot's career not only because it saw considerable development in Eliot's poetic technique — from the early emulation of Laforgue's symbolism to a more austere style that was, as Wyndham Lewis remarked, formally "school of Ezra" (Blasting and Bombardiering 286) — but also because it found Eliot articulating the theory of tradition that would inform his critical and creative mobilizations of literary history. With the publication in 1920 of The Sacred Wood, a collection of essays that includes the now canonical "Tradition and the Individual Talent" (1919), as well as more specific studies of Dante, Jonson, Blake, Swinburne, and others, Eliot secured his position as a poet-critic, making good on his own claim in "The Perfect Critic" that "the critic and the creative artist should frequently be the same person" (SW 9). This ideal unity of critic and artist is only the first of many synthetic horizons associated with Eliot's project. It anticipates and supports the synthesis of literary history ostensibly attempted in The Waste Land as well as (more mediately) the synthesis of European culture endorsed in Eliot's last writings.
Insofar as he tries to produce something like what Pound would come to call "a poem including history," Eliot does participate in a synthetic project. Nonetheless, I am less interested in those moments in Eliot's writings of personal or historical synthesis than in the moments of division that serve as their enabling condition. Throughout the 1910s, Eliot tends to characterize the poetic ordering of literary history not only as a synthesis of diverse works but also as a practice whose success depends on its being preceded by a division, a division that is inscribed in the consciousness or the life of the "mature poet" and that is reduplicated in the poet's own literary creations. At this early stage in his career, Eliot associates this division of the poetic consciousness with the form of the lyric in particular. In the next chapter, I shall examine the limitations of this form as a means of managing literary history and the way that an awareness of these limitations forced Eliot to shift from a lyrical to a satirical mode. For now, I want to provide something like a genealogy of the theory of lyrical division elaborated in Eliot's early critical writings and exemplified in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" and "Gerontion."
Now, understanding the importance of lyrical division to the problem of historical representation will necessitate my asking the question of how history became a problem for Eliot in the first place. Answering this question will require my looking into Eliot's own personal history. My reason for doing so is not that I believe that Eliot's biography's provides the ultimate key to his writings. Rather, I hope to show that Eliot treated his own person as an occasion for literary experimentation and thus that his much-remarked anxieties, for example, might themselves be taken as what the Russian Formalists used to call a "motivation of the device."
I. Prufrock and His Problems
Pound's exhortation to Monroe regarding "Prufrock" — "PRAY GOD IT BE NOT A SINGLE AND UNIQUE SUCCESS" — is pure hyperbole, designed to signal to a potential sponsor the importance of Eliot's accomplishment. Nonetheless, before his poem was even published, Eliot was himself doing a bit of praying, struggling to match the achievement that Pound would herald. In a letter to his friend Conrad Aiken from September of 1914, he laments the fact that "I have done nothing good since J. A[lfred] P[rufrock] and writhe in impotence" (L 1:63). Two years later, and only a few months after "Prufrock" had finally appeared in print, Eliot confesses to his older brother Henry that "I often feel that 'J.A.P.' is a swan song, but I never mention the fact because Vivienne is so exceedingly anxious that I shall equal it, and would be bitterly disappointed if I do not" (1:165–166). And in a letter to Mary Hutchinson, this one dated July 1917, Eliot expresses his dismay that, with another republication on the way, "Prufrock" is likely to appear to his friends as "réchauffé" — "they are tired of waiting for something better from me" (1:209). Eliot was not yet twenty-eight years old when he sent this last letter to Hutchinson, hardly aged for a poet. Nonetheless six years had passed since he had completed his first mature lyric, and though it would not be entirely accurate to call this period a "dry spell," Eliot's correspondences leave little doubt that he experienced it as such. References to his literary struggles intermingle with descriptions of ailments both physical — "My teeth are falling to pieces, I have to wear spectacles to read, and from time to time I am contorted with rheumatism" (1:211) — and psychological — "I have been going through one of those nervous sexual attacks which I suffer from when alone in a city" (1:82). Though some of these complaints betray Eliot's youthful attempts to depict himself as a doomed pessimist in the mold of Rimbaud or Laforgue, evidence from Eliot's later life confirms that the psychological ailments, at least, were real — as was the fear that, almost before his career had begun, he had completed his "swan song."
Over the years, Eliot's social and sexual anxieties have received considerable attention from critics (and, admittedly, it is hard to ignore Eliot's description of his writer's block as the experience of "writhing in impotence" or his fear that his inability to perform poetically will disappoint his wife). There is something to be said, however, for refusing to reduce literary struggle too quickly to psychosexual conflict and for taking Eliot at his word when he maintains that his real fear is that he will be unable to equal "Prufrock." Doing so helps us to see how, for Eliot at this early stage in his career, two senses of the past — the literary and the personal — become entangled. How does this occur? Some years back, Walter Jackson Bate wrote of "the remorseless deepening of self-consciousness, before the rich and intimidating legacy of the past" as one of the defining marks of modern literature (4). Here, Bate had in mind the anxiety that results when the poet stands before the masterworks of the literary tradition. In his letters to his family and his friends, Eliot describes a similarly "remorseless deepening of self-consciousness." In this case, however, the source of his anxiety — the "rich and intimidating legacy" with which he must contend — is found closer to home. It is not the demand that he become the equal of Dante or of Shakespeare that causes Eliot to writhe; rather, it is the demand that he become the equal of the man he was only a few years ago, the man who completed the best poem Ezra Pound had yet seen from an American. In sum, Eliot has watched his own accomplishment, "Prufrock," mutate into an expectation or a demand — "Do it again! Do it better!" And so, before he can hope to struggle with the greater literary past, he must find a way to manage his own past as poet.
An acute awareness of this problem informs what must appear in hindsight as one of Eliot's earliest reflections on poetic impersonality. In the same letter to Aiken in which he regrets his "impotence," Eliot waxes philosophical on the nature of his troubles and suggests a possible solution:
Does anything kill as petty worries do? And in America we worry all the time. That, in fact, is I think the great use of suffering, if it's tragic suffering — it takes you away from yourself — and petty suffering does exactly the reverse, and kills your inspiration. I think now that all my good stuff was done before I had begun to worry — three years ago. I sometimes think that it would be better just to be a clerk in a post office with nothing to worry about — but the consciousness of having made a failure of one's life. Or a millionaire, ditto. The thing is to be able to look at one's life as though it were somebody's else — (I much prefer to say somebody else's). That is difficult in England, almost impossible in America. ... Anyway, it's interesting to cut yourself to pieces once in a while, and wait to see if the fragments will sprout. (L 1:63)
Again, Eliot dates the beginning of his "petty worries" to 1911, three years before he composed these lines and so almost from the moment that he completed "Prufrock. "As a remedy for these worries, which "kill inspiration," he prescribes raising his "petty suffering" up to the level of tragedy or smothering it with the distractions of everyday life. Each approach "takes you away from yourself" and so suppresses what Eliot would later call "the man who suffers" for the good of "the mind which creates" (SW31). Eliot figures this process as a self-division, relying on a metaphor — "it's interesting to cut yourself to pieces once in a while, and wait to see if the fragments will sprout" — that would return nearly a decade later in the first section of The Waste Land: "That corpse you planted last year in your garden, / Has it begun to sprout?" (71–72). In its earlier form, however, this image of fecundity through fragmentation seems designed to explain why Eliot had to cut himself off from the land of his birth, America, where the ability "to look at one's life as though it were ... somebody else's" proves "almost impossible." He had to cut himself free, then, from "T. Stearns Eliot," the American poet who wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock."
Eliot describes in his letter to Aiken an operation to be performed not on his poetry but on his person — a "[cutting] into pieces" as a way of cutting himself free from his past and, fundamentally, from "Prufrock," which had come to weigh like a nightmare on his brain. He would try a number of techniques — in addition to leaving the United States, he would also experiment with writing in French (L 1:194). The operation would prove complicated, however, and not only because "Prufrock" was such a significant accomplishment, one that Eliot could hardly entirely desire to forget, but also because both the paralyzing anxieties that Eliot details and the solution of a therapeutic self-division that Eliot prescribes are prefigured, however obscurely, in the poem. Indeed, "Prufrock" can be read as a kind of dramatization avant la lettre of Eliot's struggle with his own personal history, "Prufrock" included. Thus Eliot's cutting himself free from "Prufrock" entails as well his cleaving to it, or at least to a certain conception of cutting free figured in the poem. To see how this is the case, we need to turn to the poem itself.
Excerpted from Impossible Modernism by Robert S. Lehman. Copyright © 2016 Stanford University Press. Excerpted by permission of STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations xxv
Introduction: The Poetry and the Prose of the Future 1
Part 1 Gathering Dust, T. S. Eliot
1 Lyric 27
2 Satire 59
3 Myth 87
Part 2 Killing Time, Walter Benjamin
4 Order 121
5 Anecdote 145
6 Allegory 171
Conclusion: The Lightning Flash and the Storm of Progress 191
Works Cited 215

domain: library


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WASHINGTON -- Mathematical modeling suggests that even in women whose breast cancer does not overexpress the HER-2 gene, treatment with trastuzumab (Herceptin) in the adjuvant setting could wipe out cancer stem cells, researchers reported here.
"We predict that a year of trastuzumab therapy would likely eradicate breast cancer stem cells in patients in which the tumor overexpressed HER-2," said Mary E. Sehl, MD, PhD, of UCLA, during a poster presentation at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Sehl added that if trastuzumab were prescribed for patients with tumors that expressed normal levels of HER-2, the treatment would still drive the breast cancer stem cells in that population to extinction -- but it might take three to four years of therapy.
"We have seen that there are subgroups of women with normal HER-2 levels that appear to benefit from trastuzumab therapy," Sehl told MedPage Today, "so our mathematical models indicate that these patients could also eradicate cancer stem cells."
Clinical trials are under way to test that theory now.
Sehl explained that the model includes information gained through earlier work suggesting that a subpopulation of cells in human breast tumors have characteristics of cancer stem cells.
"These breast cancer stem cells have been recently shown to have increased expression of HER-2, suggesting that these breast cancer stem cells might have a chance of being eradicated with therapy targeting HER-2," she said.
Other researchers were intrigued but cautious.
"At the end of the day we really need to see how this mathematical model relates to treatment in people," said Nancy Davidson, MD, director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute.
Davidson told MedPage Today that scientists have been debating the significance of cancer stem cells and how important they are in disease proliferation.
"However, the finding in this study might help to explain the perplexing clinical question of why some breast cancer patients with normal HER-2 gene expression do benefit from trastuzumab therapy," she said.
In their mathematical model, Sehl and colleagues used a linear birth-death process model to make their predictions.
The model was based on examinations of the effects of varying degrees of HER-2 overexpression and susceptibility of breast cancer stem cells.
"We determined through the model that breast cancer stem cells approach extinction under trastuzumab therapy in reasonable periods of time," Sehl said.
"We predict that even HER-2 negative tumor cells will eventually go extinct and therefore HER-2-targeted therapy should benefit patients in whom the bulk of the tumor does not overexpress HER-2."
The study was supported by grants from the U.S. Public Health Service; the National Institutes of Health; a career development award funded by the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the Breast Cancer Research foundation.
Sehl and her co-authors made no industry disclosures. Davidson had no disclosures.
- Reviewed by Dori F. Zaleznik, MD Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston and Dorothy Caputo, MA, RN, BC-ADM, CDE, Nurse Planner
American Association for Cancer ResearchSource Reference: Riley L, et al "Breast cancer stem cell extinction models: Implications for HER2 targeted therapy" AACR 2010; Abstract 104.

domain: news


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This remarkable debut by Chinese artist Liu Jian is a nightmarish, punk-style animation about corruption, discrimination, and disaffected youth in modern-day China. Set during the 2008 financial crisis, the story takes place in a sombre city where many factories have been forced to close their doors.
Zhang is one of many who loses his job despite having a college degree. One day, he is accused of stealing and gets beat up by a supermarket security guard. Zhang and his friend conspire to get compensation from the store’s owner who happens to be one of the wealthiest businessmen in town.
A chain of events gets the two friends entangled in a complicated conspiracy between the store owner’s competitors and the police. The battle over power and money culminates in a brilliant and unexpected showdown at a teahouse. Both serious and humourous, elegant and grotesque, Liu’s social satire highlights the absurdities in the stereotypical Chinese villager’s dream to move to a big city, find a good job, and fit into urban society
Liu Jian’s visually striking and expressive style is influenced by his background in gaudy and conceptual art. Gaudy art emerged in China in the 1990s as a response to contemporary kitsch and commercial manipulation of aesthetics. Gaudy artists are known for using vulgarity and ugliness to break apart artificial role models, pretentious classisms, and conformity in society. Also characterized as being sarcastic and skeptical of the superficial value system, gaudy art is ultimately a criticism of the cheapening of the human experience and the pursuit of happiness.
– Heather Keung

domain: artistic


text:
Tears and a standing ovation from a crowd of 60 people marked the end of Brianna Robinson’s senior recital on Jan. 20 in Jemison Auditorium.
Robinson, a soprano, performed works from Bach, Mozart and Britten, to name a few. She sang in English, French, Italian, German and Latin.
Much of the music was chosen by Robinson, but it “doesn’t usually happen that way,” she said.
“When I learn music I do a lot of listening, so it’s very important to me to have role models—female singers whose voices sound like mine or who I love to listen to,” Robinson said.
Her favorite female vocalist is Anna Netrebko, a Russian opera singer. Robinson said she also likes Jessye Norman and Cecilia Bartoli.
She said she memorized her music by spending time over winter break “just walking around the house spouting them.”
One of the biggest challenges she faced in her singing career occurred during her sophomore year of college and had nothing to do with memorization.
“I found out that I had blisters on my [vocal] cords that caused a lot of air in my sound,” Robinson said.
She remembers auditioning for a few different parts, not getting them, and finding out afterward it was because her voice had a breathiness that was not liked.
“The blisters are not all the way gone,” Robinson said. “I have to understand and work on how to actually close my cords. It’s still a struggle.”
Robinson said being able to share her music is what keeps her singing.
“I’ve always felt more like myself when I’m on a stage,” Robinson said. “Not because I’m in the spotlight because I don’t necessarily think that’s what it is. I think it’s being able to share my voice because I’ve put so much hard work into it.”
Sophomore Teona Council said she attended the event to support Robinson.
“She has a really beautiful voice, and she’s a senior so I wanted to hear her before she leaves,” Council said.
“Impressive” was how freshman Patrick Puracchio described Robinson’s ability to hit certain high notes.
Robinson plans to graduate this May with a bachelor of music in performance degree and is thinking about attending Northwestern University to pursue music.


Non-banking finance firms should not fearful about “the minimal impression on their mortgage portfolios” following the apex courtroom order asking lenders to not levy any penal prices on any loans that weren’t serviced in the course of the moratorium, however they need the federal government to compensate them for his or her price of fund.
On the apex NBFC physique FIDC (Finance Business Growth Council) assembly on Wednesday — a day after the apex courtroom ruling that requested the federal government and Reserve Financial institution to compensate all debtors as towards RBI order that coated solely commonplace loans beneath Rs 2 crore, the trade gamers stated, sometimes NBFC loans are small ticket credit score and due to this fact they don’t see any main impression on their books.
Furthermore, all of the lenders have had voluntarily made full provisions.
Nonetheless, they stated they want the federal government to compensate them for his or her price by the use of paying curiosity to their depositors.
“We want the federal government to assist us a way by compensating us for the fee now we have incurred.Nevertheless it’s too early to take a name as we’re but to evaluate the precise impression on us, collectively and individually,” Ramesh Iyer, FIDC chairman and head of Mahindra Finance, stated.
Iyer stated the penal curiosity would add up solely trite as NBFCs are sometimes small ticket mortgage suppliers.
TT Srinivasaraghavan of Sundaram Finance additionally stated the system-wide impression could be very minimal solely however they’re but to evaluate it totally nicely.
After the SC ruling that additionally didn’t lengthen the moratorium interval past August 31, 2020, ranking businesses Crisil and Icra stated, the system-wide curiosity on curiosity could be round Rs 14,500 crore, equally cut up between banks and NBFCs, and that the federal government which has already made a payout of Rs 6,500 crore, must shell out an extra Rs 7,500 crore if it chooses to present the curiosity waiver as ex-gratia as within the case of small loans.(Solely the headline and film of this report could have been reworked by the Enterprise Commonplace workers; the remainder of the content material is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
Enterprise Commonplace has all the time strived arduous to offer up-to-date info and commentary on developments which might be of curiosity to you and have wider political and financial implications for the nation and the world. Your encouragement and fixed suggestions on the way to enhance our providing have solely made our resolve and dedication to those beliefs stronger. Even throughout these troublesome occasions arising out of Covid-19, we proceed to stay dedicated to maintaining you knowledgeable and up to date with credible information, authoritative views and incisive commentary on topical problems with relevance.
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text:
An Attac activist in front of the banner displayed on the facade of the future Vuitton hotel in Paris, February 24, 2024 (AFP/Dimitar DILKOFF)
Several dozen Attac activists managed to deploy a giant “Tax the Rich” banner on Saturday from the top of the facade of the future hotel of the luxury group LVMH on the Champs-Elysées, in Paris, noted AFP journalists.
This action is part of a campaign “Super-profits, ultra-rich, mega-injustices” launched by the association which campaigns for fiscal, social and ecological justice, and it targets Bernard Arnault, the billionaire CEO of LVMH, for “denounce his indecent enrichment and the gifts given to him by the public authorities,” explained a member of Attac to AFP.
Attac activists in front of the banner displayed on the facade of the future Vuitton hotel in Paris, February 24, 2024 (AFP/Dimitar DILKOFF)
The activists managed to break into the scaffolding which completely covers the building during work on the hotel, and is itself hidden behind a tarpaulin representing a giant silver-colored Vuitton trunk with the lock in relief.
Despite the wind, they managed, in about half an hour, to deploy the letters TAXRICH on different banners, and another where the word “the” and the Attac logo appeared.
Police officers in front of the banner deployed by Attac on the facade of the future Vuitton hotel in Paris, February 24, 2024 (AFP/Dimitar DILKOFF)
During this time, several dozen activists from Attac and other associations demonstrated peacefully on the sidewalk opposite, taking up slogans like “Bernard, we want your billions” or “money there is has in the employers’ coffers.
Around 6:30 p.m. the police were present in force on the spot, including more than ten Brav-M motorcycles.
© 2024 AFP
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Ontario's Special Investigations Unit (SIU) must dispel “toothless tiger” image: Ombudsman investigation finds culture of complacency at SIU
TORONTO (September 30, 2008) – Ontario’s system of police oversight has failed to live up to its promise due to a “complacent” culture and a lack of rigour in ensuring police follow the rules, Ontario Ombudsman André Marin says in his latest special report, released today.
In Oversight Unseen, Mr. Marin calls for new legislation to help strengthen the province’s Special Investigations Unit (SIU), as well as sweeping internal changes to dispel “conspiracy theories” and public perceptions that the SIU has a pro-police bias.
“We heard repeatedly from SIU staff and members of the public alike that the SIU was essentially ‘toothless,’ ” Mr. Marin says in the report. “It is clear that something must be done to dispel the SIU’s image as a toothless tiger and muzzled watchdog if it is to earn the respect of police officials as well as the public at large.”
Among the serious problems the Ombudsman identified within the SIU were “endemic” delays and lack of rigour in SIU investigations, a reluctance to insist on police co-operation, and an internal culture overly influenced by a preponderance of ex-police officers among its staff.
Despite legal regulations requiring all police forces to notify the SIU immediately whenever one of their members is involved in an incident resulting in serious injury or death, the Ombudsman’s investigation found notifications are routinely delayed, sometimes by days or weeks. Interviews with “witness officers” are also often delayed, even though SIU rules state they must take place immediately and no later than 24 hours after the SIU requests them.
The Ombudsman found the SIU not only tolerates these delays and fails to demand justification for them, it also keeps no records of them. These practices fly in the face of the SIU’s motto “One Law” – stipulating that police and civilians should be treated alike in investigations – and are compounded by the SIU’s low public profile, he said. “The SIU is practically pathological in its avoidance of public controversy and consistently goes for the path of least resistance.”
The report makes 45 recommendations, including that the SIU aggressively pursue reasons for police non-co-operation, and use “whatever means are available” to diversify its workforce. The Ombudsman also recommends that the SIU director’s reports be made completely public and calls on the province to amend legislation to, among other things, make it an offence for police forces not to co-operate with the SIU.
The investigation, SORT’s largest to date, was launched in June 2007 and involved more than 100 interviews and the review of tens of thousands of pages of documents. The SIU and Ministry of the Attorney General co-operated fully and welcomed the Ombudsman’s recommendations, agreeing to report back to him on their progress in implementing them. However, Mr. Marin noted he will be “watching closely” because the SIU’s commitments were “couched in vague and vapid generalities,” while the Ministry’s promise to consult with Ontarians on new legislation was “rather amorphous.”
The SIU, a civilian agency that investigates – and is empowered to lay charges – whenever police are involved in an incident causing serious injury or death, is unique in Canada. It was established in 1990 to dispel concerns about “police investigating police.” Mr. Marin’s investigation marks the seventh time the SIU has been reviewed since its creation.
“The history of police oversight in Ontario is marked by successive governments reacting reflexively, whenever public controversy erupts,” Mr. Marin says in the report. “Consequently, government interest in reforming the SIU has tended to be short-lived and incomplete.”
Since SORT was created by Mr. Marin in spring 2005, its systemic investigations have sparked reforms to such diverse government programs as newborn screening, support for special-needs children and the disabled, compensation for crime victims, legal aid and the lottery system.
Backgrounder – Quotes from Oversight Unseen
“My investigation found that the Special Investigations Unit continues to struggle to assert its authority, maintain its balance against powerful police interests, and carry out its mandate effectively.” (page 4, paragraph 4)
“Delays in police providing notice of incidents, in disclosing notes, and in submitting to interviews are endemic.” (page 5, paragraph 7)
“The SIU has not only become complacent about ensuring that police officials follow the rules, it has bought into the fallacious argument that SIU investigations aren’t like other criminal cases and it is acceptable to treat police witnesses differently from civilians.” (page 5, paragraph 8)
“The SIU’s system of oversight is out of balance. It must not only ensure accountability of police conduct, but be perceived by the public as doing so.” (page 5, paragraph 10)
“Rather than attempting to scale the ‘blue wall,’ the SIU has adapted its practices and tried to go around it.” (page 55 paragraph 196)
“It has been too willing to accept excuses for delays and its own self-image of powerlessness.” (page 55, paragraph 197)
“We heard repeatedly from SIU staff and members of the public alike that the SIU was
essentially ‘toothless.’ ” (page 62, paragraph 221)
“The SIU is practically pathological in its avoidance of public controversy and consistently goes for the path of least resistance.” (Page 72, paragraph 259)
“It is clear that something must be done to dispel the SIU’s image as a toothless tiger and muzzled watchdog if it is to earn the respect of police officials as well as the public at large.” (Page 74, paragraph 265)
“When civilians are seriously injured at the hands of police, it is critical that the results of the consequent criminal and administrative investigations are exposed to public view – to ensure confidence not only in police oversight, but in policing itself. That was the intent behind the creation of the SIU.” (page 88, paragraph 317)
“At present, the absence of publicly available explanations for the SIU Director’s decisions only helps feed conspiracy theories by critics who believe the SIU favours or is in collusion with the police.” (page 88, paragraph 317)
“In the minds of many community stakeholders, the continuing presence of a large number of former police officers at the SIU is a disturbing remnant of the past.” (page 89 paragraph 321)
“Even some of the SIU investigators we interviewed acknowledged that if the general public were aware of the composition of the SIU, it might leave the impression that the relationship between the SIU and the police was too cozy.” (page 91, paragraph 331)
“The SIU today is in a state of identity crisis.” (page 102, paragraph 367)
“The SIU is steeped at the moment in a culture of consensus – and while consensus can be a very good thing, it does not take the place of effective management.” (page 105, paragraph 375)
“The history of police oversight in Ontario is marked by successive governments reacting reflexively, whenever public controversy erupts. Consequently, government interest in reforming the SIU has tended to be short-lived and incomplete.” (page 106, paragraph 377)
“Continuing issues with police resistance are reflective of a system of oversight with too few consequences, and an SIU administration too reluctant to take decisive action.” (page 106, paragraph 378)
“The SIU was born out of public distrust of police investigating their own. It is critical that the organization move swiftly away from the police ties that continue to hold it back from being a truly civilian oversight body.” (page 106, paragraph 378)
“Ontario’s promise of civilian oversight of police in the context of incidents involving serious injury and death has yet to be fully realized. I have confidence that the established oversight model can still work – and work well. However, the SIU and the MAG will have to change their practices, and the government will have to implement legislative reform if the SIU is to achieve its full potential.” (page 107, paragraph 381)
“The SIU has signalled a willingness to implement my recommendations, however, for the most part, its commitments appear quite superficial and couched in vague and vapid generalities.” (page 119, paragraph 396)
“While the Ministry’s praise is certainly appreciated, it remains to be seen if the steps it has committed to take, including the rather amorphous promise of a dialogue with Ontarians on legislative change, will actually translate into the concrete and necessary improvements I have recommended.” (page 120, paragraph 400)


text:
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Size: 12" W x 18" H . Any size preferred can be made. Please convo.
Color: Sea Glass Green with Sage Green underneath on weathered wood and distressed.
Lettering is painted black and a clear coat has been applied for protection.
A saw tooth hanger is applied to the back for easy hanging but if you would like jute rope please let us know.
The lettering is painted a dark turquoise with a white background and dark turquoise distressed through on weathered beach wood. A clear coat has been applied for protection.
All of our signs are hand painted to include lettering, sanded, distressed and stained by hand. Due to the driftwoods, reclaimed woods and pine used in all of our signs and our distressing methods no signs are alike. We hope you enjoy them as much as we have enjoyed making them! Thanks for looking!


text:
Philips Compact Pasta Maker, Viva Collection, HR2371/05, Black
- Designed to make fresh and tasty pasta and noodles The long kneading tube makes smooth, bouncy dough The long kneading tube makes smooth, bouncy dough
- Ease and fast Automatically kneads dough and extrudes a variety of pastas Make 450 gram of fresh pasta and noodles in just 18 minutes Detachable parts for easy assembly and cleaning
- Create your own favourite pasta and noodles3 classic pasta types including speghetti, penne, fetuccine. Add your favorite ingredients for your own flavores. Free recipe book full of inspiring ideas
- Thoughtfully design for your kitchen top Compact size Integrated storage drawer for shaping discs and power cord ; Cord length - 1 m ; Frequency - 60 Hz ; Power - 150 W ; Voltage - 120 V
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Philips Viva Pasta and Noodle Maker is a fully automatic solution that enable you to prepare fresh pasta and noodle from scratch without spending a lot time and skills. With compact size, it can be easily fit into your kitchen and storage.
Product Features: Dishwasher Safe; Safety Lock.
From the manufacturer
Why Choose Philips?
Philips is a diversified technology company, focused on improving people’s lives through meaningful innovation in the areas of Healthcare, Consumer Lifestyle and Lighting. The Philips brand is synonymous with innovation, products and services of high quality, and an ongoing commitment to customer satisfaction.
Fresh, quick pasta the way you like
Add ingredients and it automatically does the rest
Philips Viva Pasta & Noodle Maker is a fully automatic solution that enables you to prepare fresh pasta and noodles from scratch without spending a lot of time and skills. With compact size, it can easily fit into your kitchen and storage.
- Automatically kneads dough and shapes pasta
- Make 2-3 servings of fresh pasta in just 18 minutes
- 3 classic pasta types: spaghetti, penne, fetuccine
- Free colourful recipe book full of inspirations
Fresh Pasta in Minutes
We’ve made it easier to make homemade pasta. Now, with the fully automatic Philips Viva Pasta Maker, you can make fresh pasta and noodles much more often. Because your new pasta maker does all the hard work for you.
With the optimised mechanism, the Philips Viva Pasta & Noodle Maker not only enables fast and automatic mixing, kneading and extruding process in just 18 minutes, but also guarantees good texture and taste of the pasta and noodles.
Unique Stirring Bar Design
Featured with angled multi-pins, the stirring bar ensures the flour and liquid is mixed evenly and thoroughly from every corner in the mixing chamber.
Long Kneading Tube
The long kneading tube guarantees optimal kneading process, resulting in perfect and bouncy dough.
Compact and Modern Design
It has seamless and compact design. You can always keep it on the coutertop or store in the cabinet without occupying a lot of space.
Easy Operation and Cleaning
With the detachable components, Philips Viva Pasta & Noodle Maker can be easily installed, dismantled and cleaned.
|Speed||15 min for 500 g||15 min for 500 g||18 min for 400 g|
|Shaping discs||8 Shaping discs||4 Shaping discs||3 Shaping discs|
|Storage for shaping discs||Yes||Yes||Yes|
|Other tools & attachments||Flat pasta cutter/cleaner, extra cleaning tools, water cup, flour cup||Flat pasta cutter/cleaner, extra cleaning tools, water cup, flour cup||Flat pasta cutter/cleaner, water cup, flour cup and cleaning brush|
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The first time we used it and watched the pasta come out of the nozzle we were hooked. Not only is the pasta spectacular, but it's really fun to use. I wish this one had more shaping discs, I think the bigger one comes with 6 or so.
We find the quanitiy perfect for us, but if your a big eater you'll want to double the recipes.
Either way, we love it.
Wish I get the older bigger version instead!
However, I meet two problem that breaking the mixing chamber lid and the mixing chamber. I have no idea how to fix that.
Top international reviews
I didn't want my first try to taint my feelings about this thing so I mixed up a new batch omitting the Semolina flour and only using AP flour. 400 grams AP flour, 1 egg and water up to 160 ml. I could see the difference as soon as it started to mix the dough up. Much better. Within 2-3 minutes of mixing, the spaghetti started to extrude out of the machine. Perfect spaghetti!!! I don't know what is going on with their Semolina recipe, but I wouldn't recommend it at all. Good way to ruin a machine. I ordered a couple more dies from Philips this week. Can't wait until they get here. So, as long as you use AP flour, you're good to go. Made the Spaghetti in less than 14 minutes all total. Not bad at all.
With this, you put the ingredients in, push a buttonand watch for AMAZING pasta to be extruded.
I had hoped I'd be able to multitask a bit more, but it extrudes so fast there isn't much time for other tasks between cutting it. But I think that seems reasonable.
The other thing to consider is that you have to be VERY exact with the measurements of the ingredients. I've found weighing them works best. The recipes in the included book work great. Don't use other pasta recipes not developed for this machine unless you are up for some experimentation. The dough will be drier than the traditional method and has to be to feed through the auger and extrude properly. So it also does take a bit longer to cook than traditional fresh pasta, but when it's done it's that same amazing taste and texture!
Fast: the pasta is ready almost by the time the water boils
Strong: This little guy throws the punches. I've had it for over two years with almost weekly use and he hasn't slowed down at all.
Versital: A pasta maker sounds like a one trick pony, but being able to make soba and ramen has been great. I've flavored the pastas and changed up the shape for variety. We haven't gotten tired of any yet and fresh pasta is just so, so superior to boxed stuff.
Things to remember:
Follow those measurements and do NOT lost those little cups. I store mine IN the machine for this reason. A little too wet and you're going to have to hand roll that dough because it will not make it to the extruder. A little too dry and it's a mess.
Wash it immediately. Not necessary, but easier than when a small piece of dough has cemented somewhere. I'm really fastidious about cleaning and this comes apart enough to REALLY clean it. No nooks and craneys you need a pipe cleaner to get to.
The double serving is enough for two reasonable adults. Sometimes my husband throws in another batch as soon as the first one is done.
Freeze any excess. It works better than refrigerating it. I'm sure there's a reason, but I don't know it. No need to dry, just toss in a bit of flour, and gently put it in a zip lock.

domain: food


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domain: entertainment


Guest cites security concerns over the China-based app.
Last Friday, Congressman Michael Guest (MS-03) introduced legislation to ban the application TikTok on Department of Homeland Security devices. A similar ban has been enforced in the United States military since 2020.
The bill states that no later than 60 days after the date of its enactment, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security, will develop standards and guidelines for the Department requiring the removal of any covered application from information technology of the Department.
“In today’s world, we cannot risk compromising important homeland security information to our foreign adversaries,” Congressman Guest said. “Russia’s invasion of Ukraine could embolden the CCP’s own expansionary goals. In such a scenario, a security breach would be catastrophic to a U.S. response, which is why we must move to ban on DHS devices the use of apps that obtain data on their users and could make that information available to our adversaries. This is a common-sense step to close a potential tool of the CCP to spy on the U.S.”
The introduced legislation comes eight months after President Biden revoked Trump Administration orders that sought to crack down on the Beijing-based app.
In an executive order from 2021, President Biden announced he revoked and replaced three executive orders that aimed to prohibit transactions with TikTok, WeChat, and eight other communications and financial technology software applications.
“In their place, this E.O. directs the use of a criteria-based decision framework and rigorous, evidence-based analysis to address the risks posed by ICTS transactions involving software applications that are designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons that are owned or controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction of a foreign adversary, including the People’s Republic of China, that may present an undue or unacceptable risk to the national security of the United States and the American people,” the executive order stated.
The Commerce Department is reviewing comments on proposed rules that would address potential security risks from TikTok and other foreign-owned apps deemed “by foreign adversaries to steal or otherwise obtain data.”
Comments to this proposed rule were to be received on or before December 27, 2021.
You can read the full bill below.


text:
By Megan Plete Postol
Read or Download Around Remsen and Steuben (Images of America) PDF
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Have you learnt Thomas Jefferson who wrote “The announcement of Independence”---”We carry those truths to be self-evident, that each one males are created equivalent . . . ” yet maintaining 1000's of African americans as slaves. Why? simply because He didn't comprehend the opposite 1/2 the fact that “All males are created with a common brain.
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Around Remsen and Steuben (Images of America) by Megan Plete Postol

domain: history


Biden’s proposed Build Back Better plan would require approximately $7 trillion. Such an astounding amount of revenue most likely means a surge in taxes. Biden’s policy front is zeroed in on high-income taxpayers, and yes, that includes corporations and estates. You might want to plan ahead to minimize legal and financial repercussions arising from these proposed changes. From increased business taxes to lowered itemized deductions, here is an outline of Biden’s economic plans.
Superheroes never die, they just fade away. Chadwick Boseman’s Black Panther legacy will surely live on for years to come. However, with the court currently probing into his million-dollar estate, King T'Challa might be remembered differently by the public. Apparently, the actor died without completing estate arrangements causing his widow to petition to be named administrator. As sad as it sounds, Boseman is one of many celebrities who neglected to create a detailed and thorough estate plan.
With record-breaking 80 million votes, Joe Biden is well on his way to the White House. When he finally takes over in 2021, there will be key changes to watch out for especially in the tax landscape. Biden is set to inherit a battered economy so he is essentially focused on increasing revenue from taxes. As estate owners, now is the perfect time to update your existing estate plan in preparation for a massive political realignment next year. Here are the probable major economic shifts for 2021.
2020 saw the passing of one of Marvel’s greatest superheroes, The Black Panther, King T’Challa. After four years of box office hits and hospital treatments, Chadwick Boseman has succumbed to colon cancer, ending a stellar career and leaving a million-dollar estate behind. However, it turns out that Boseman died without a will. Though this is a fairly common occurrence, such a situation has legal consequences that might take ages to resolve. Not to mention costly and even distressing.
The staggering events of 2020 have greatly affected each person’s overall mental and emotional health. Faced with sudden changes such as sickness, loss, or unemployment it is difficult to stay positive. No pun intended. However, this may be an opportunity to invest in your most important asset—yourself. It is a time of unearthing your skills and talents that may have been stored away all this time. As each person is unique you surely have something to offer that nobody else could. You could be t
The coronavirus outbreak has most business owners on their toes. The constant emphasis on the slightest human interaction through skeletal arrangements results in taking in more tasks on your already full plate. From implementing safety measures to protect your employees, formulating strategies to mitigate the outbreak’s impact, to finding ways to generate more revenue — you feel the need to do it all. Here is some advice on how to navigate the volatile business environment in the new normal.
Keeping tabs on the latest developments in public health is vital in reopening your business especially during these dire times. Non-compliance and possible lawsuits are no-no in an already risky business environment. The EEOC's issuance of guidance on antibody tests is one of those developments you should take note of.
Businesses are now reopening despite the uncertainty brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a business owner, one of the most important factors to include in your reopening strategy will be the customer and employee confidence. You're now in a critical role in managing new and unprecedented concerns - finding ways to allow your business to function without compromising the health of your employees and customers. These important objectives can help you navigate your business in the new normal.
Creating a culture in your small business where employees are valued and appreciated is the best thing to attract stellar talents. It is important to cultivate a work-life balance in this era when go go go is a norm to retain these talented candidates who value the same balance. Read here to know some of the strategies your small business can use to attract excellent employees, even in a tight job market.


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Daylight Recovery Center
Daylight Recovery Center is a part of the Flyland Recovery Network and is located in West Palm Beach, Florida. This center leads the eastern region in the initial phase of drug & alcohol detox, residential care substance abuse treatment, and mental health services.
West Palm Beach Center
Daylight Recovery Center is a premier provider of addiction recovery services. Featuring a 9,721-square-foot facility, this center offers a wide range of amenities and services. Patients can expect bedside tablet systems, high acuity patient monitoring, individual and group therapy, meditation management, art therapy, sound therapy, and yoga. Our center also has an outdoor recreational patio and a full-service kitchen. Equipped with our in-center executive chef, we ensure that all meals are nutritious and of the highest quality.
Daylight Recovery Center has a 24-hour nursing and medical staff. Around-the-clock service provides high-quality medical and psychological care to our all patients. Our detox and residential levels of care are designed to provide a safe and supportive environment while clients transition through their recovery journey.
At Daylight Recovery Center, we believe that addiction recovery is a lifelong process. Our team is committed to providing individuals with the resources and support they need to achieve a life of wellness and fulfillment. By providing the perfect combination of compassionate care and evidence-based treatment, our clients can reach their full potential.
Get confidential help 24/7.
If you or a loved one are suffering with drug abuse or alcoholism,
reach out to Flyland Recovery Network for addiction help.

domain: health


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Gallery Nucleus Celebrates Osamu Tezuka in 70th Anniversary Art Tribute Exhibit
Gallery Nucleus joins with Tezuka Productions to pay tribute to the godfather of manga, Osamu Tezuka and his 70th debut anniversary.
Co-curated by illustrator and designer CHOGRIN, Gallery Nucleus opened its Osamu Tezuka art tribute exhibit on October 8th. Participating artists include Cameron Garland, Erik Ly, Brianne Drouhard, Crowded Teeth, Phillip Light, and more.
Osamu Tezuka is best known as the creator of various iconic series such as Astroboy and Princess Knight as well as the 1972 tokusatsu, Thunder Mask.
The pieces are available to purchase online on Gallery Nucleus’s website. The show runs from October 8th to 23rd 2016.
Gallery Nucleus is located 210 East Main St, Alhambra CA 91801.
Source: Gallery Nucleus
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About twenty activities make up the Centennial of the City (1918-2018) for the quarter from May to July, which starts next May 18 with guided tours to the Tower of the Church of Santiago (7:00 p.m. and 22:30 hours) and the Ancient Music Concert "Music for the Apostle Santiago", by the Schola Gregoriana de Murcia and Ensemble ECOS of Sierra Espuña, starting at 8:30 p.m., in the parish of Santiago.
The Councilor for Culture, Eulalia Moreno, and the official journalist and researcher, Juan Cánovas Mulero, presented the list of cultural events that will continue during the next quarter, and that come to give continuity to the activities that started last January and will be held throughout 2018 to commemorate this historic event.
The program will continue on Saturday May 19 with the visit "In the heart of Sierra Espuña", whose meeting point is the door of the Sanctuary (10:00 am), and registrations can be made at the Tourist Office.
In addition, that same day will take place, at 19:00 and 22:30 hours, the guided tour to the Tower of the church of Santiago;
and at night, at 9:00 p.m., the Concert of "Vox Musicalis", "Membra Jesu Nostri" for orchestra, choir and soloists.
The baroque music of Buxtehude is impregnated with the devout and fervent language of medieval mysticism, which constituted a strong current of German Lutheranism during the seventeenth century: "Membra Jesu nostri" is one of the best achievements of German vocal music before Bach;
in the church of Santiago el Mayor.
In addition, on Thursday, May 24, at 8:30 p.m., the exhibition "Mirada juvenil a Centenario (1918-2018)", whose exhibition will be held from May 24 to June 6, will be inaugurated in the exhibition hall. Gregorio Cebrián. "
On Wednesday, June 6, at 9:00 p.m., there will be a screening of the documentary "Looking back on super 8", by José Carreño Carlos, in the "Gregorio Cebrián" exhibition hall;
while on Friday, June 8, at 20:30 hours, the Piano Concert by Juan Francisco Ayala Moreno will take place at the church of Santiago el Mayor.
On Saturday, June 9, the celebration of the Region of Murcia, there will be a set of activities framed within the Folkloric Festival and Totana Costumbrista Parade;
with a reception of the participating groups in the Totana City Hall (7:30 p.m.), orchard in the parish of Santiago el Mayor (8:00 p.m.), costumbrista parade from the Parroquia de Santiago to the Marcos Ortiz Auditorium (8:45 p.m. hours) and Folkloric Festival at the Marcos Ortiz Auditorium (10:00 pm), organized by the Peña "La Mantellina" and the group of Choirs and Dances "Ciudad de Totana".
The program of cultural activities will continue on Thursday, June 14, at 9:00 p.m., with the inauguration of the painting exhibition "Totana, the color of a Centenary", of the "Contrast" Association, which will remain open from April 14 to June 28, in the "Gregorio Cebrián" exhibition hall.
In addition, on Thursday, June 21, at 8:30 p.m., a conference entitled "Agriculture in Totana, a historical and future perspective" will be held, whose speaker will be the agronomist and scientific researcher at CEBAS de Murcia, the doctor Pedro Martínez Gómez, in the "Gregorio Cebrián" exhibition hall.
On Wednesday, June 27, at 8:30 p.m., in the "Gregorio Cebrián" exhibition room, there will be a Round Table "The arrival of democracy in Totana told by its protagonists.
The first democratic elections ";
in which the former politicians Ginés Carreño, Josefina Morales, Manuel Moreno and Francisco Miralles will participate;
and will be moderated by the journalist of the City of Totana, Gregorio J. Asensio.
The activities will continue, within the program of patron festivities of Santiago, on Saturday July 21 with the XXVIII Festival of Bands of Music "Ciudad de Totana, at 21:00 hours, organized by the Musical Group of Totana, in the Municipal Auditorium "Marcos Ortiz";
and on Sunday, July 22, with the Concert of Ancient Music-International Festival "ECOS of Sierra Espuña", starting at 8:30 p.m., at the Sanctuary of La Santa, promoted by the "Early Music Project Platform";
with the collaboration of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Environment, the La Santa Foundation and the Totana City Council.
On Tuesday, July 24, at 9:00 p.m., this Concert of Ancient Music will be held again in the church of Santiago el Mayor, organized and with the collaboration of the same entities previously mentioned.
Finally, the program ends on Friday, July 27, at 9:30 p.m., also within the program of cultural activities of the festivities of Santiago, with the Evening of Habaneras and Popular Songs, in the Municipal Auditorium "Marcos Ortiz" .
Source: Ayuntamiento de Totana


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Oracle has launched Clinical One Platform for enhanced clinical research. In addition to that, the company has also unveiled Clinical One Randomisation and Supplies Management which are designed to eliminate the need for customisation. This capability will feature an intuitive user interface, enabling clinical teams to design, validate and deploy a study in days with the click of a button.
These olatforms will enable clinical coordinators to quickly add patients to a trial, collect screening information and ensure eligibility for randomisation in record time.
Cloud based Clinical Platform unifies clinical Development operations and information to help life sciences companies bring therapies to the market faster and more cost-effectively.
“The pharmaceutical industry has been facing challenges in bringing new drugs to the market in a timely manner, while maintaining quality and safety. Clinical operations rely on a collection of point solutions that are residing in silos and creating redundancy in the process. The Oracle Health Sciences Clinical One platform is the only cloud environment built from the ground-up to support the core capabilities required for effective study management throughout the entire clinical development lifecycle – from design and planning, to start-up and conduct, to close-out and post-marketing,” said Jim Streeter, Global Vice President Life Sciences Product Strategy, Oracle.
“The aim of launching the Clinic One platform is to enable organisations to accelerate the entire drug development process by eliminating redundancies and creating process efficiencies, while maintaining safety and compliance,” Streeter added.
Being a unified cloud environment, it aims to address the needs of the drug development life cycle which will help bring and deliver more drugs to market faster. Moreover, it will create process efficiencies and eliminate redundancies.


On Sept. 16, 2022, a special master has been assigned to review documents seized at Mar-a-Lago; China has announced sanctions on Boeing and Raytheon after the U.S. approved the sale of weapons to Taiwan; and President Joe Biden will meet with the families of Brittney Griner and Paul Whelan on Friday.
Special master appointed to DOJ investigation – A special master has been appointed to review documents seized by the FBI at former President Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago residence last month. Former federal Judge Raymond Dearie has been assigned to the case. The judge was the only pick the DOJ and Trump’s legal team could agree on. In the same ruling to appoint a special master, the judge denied the DOJ’s request to continue looking into classified documents that were seized after the judge had previously halted the investigation.
China sanctions Boeing, Raytheon – China plans on imposing sanctions on the CEOs of Boeing Defense and Raytheon. The sanctions are in response to the U.S. State Department approving the sale of military equipment to Taiwan earlier this month.
President Biden meets with Griner, Whelan families – President Biden is set to take part in several different meetings on Russia Friday. This includes meeting with the families of American basketball star Brittney Griner and fellow detained American Paul Whelan as the U.S. continues negotiations for their release from Russia. Biden is also set to meet with South Africa’s president to discuss among other things Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. South Africa is one of a relatively small number of countries that have remained neutral on the ongoing war.


In this paper, we propose a novel projector-camera system for practical and low-cost acquisition of a dense object 3D model with the spectral reflectance property. In our system, we use a standard RGB camera and leverage an off-the-shelf projector as active illumination for both the 3D reconstruction and the spectral reflectance estimation. We first reconstruct the 3D points while estimating the poses of the camera and the projector, which are alternately moved around the object, by combining multi-view structured light and structure-from-motion (SfM) techniques. We then exploit the projector for multispectral imaging and estimate the spectral reflectance of each 3D point based on a novel spectral reflectance estimation model considering the geometric relationship between the reconstructed 3D points and the estimated projector positions. Experimental results on several real objects demonstrate that our system can precisely acquire a dense 3D model with the full spectral reflectance property using off-the-shelf devices.
updated: Thu Aug 22 2019 03:35:48 GMT+0000 (UTC)
published: Thu Aug 22 2019 03:35:48 GMT+0000 (UTC)


A lighting system that preserves the sky and wildlife
In addition to causing damage to human health, cold-colored temperature LEDs alter the rhythms of wildlife and pollute the night sky, the latter due to the blue spectrum reflected on illuminated surfaces. At ATP we solve these problems by combining warm and ultra-warm color temperatures with precise optics and adjusted light levels to reduce the LED beam bounce on the ground.
The recommended color temperatures depend on the application: 3000 K and 2200 K for conventional applications and PC Amber for particularly sensitive areas such as observatories or nature parks. By blending all these parameters, we are able to offer extremely effective LED outdoor lighting that also preserves the celestial vault and respects wildlife cycles.


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Indians turn attention to Braden River
The celebration, Venice coach John Peacock told his team in the post-game huddle, will have to be be short-lived.
Sure, Venice delivered an impressive 49-13 thrashing of visiting St. Petersburg High in Friday's Region 7A-3 quarterfinal, but Peacock made it clear after that his team's full attention should immediately be focused on next week's opponent, Braden River.
The Indians and Pirates, who are district rivals, will meet next Friday for the sixth time in three seasons and third straight year in the regional semifinals.
Venice, which won this year's regular-season matchup 41-35 to secure home field, will need to be more than ready, Peacock said.
"Both teams will make adjustments so I think it'll be a little harder for both to score points and move the ball," Peacock said. "It's going to be a testament of who's going to be prepared and who's going to play a little harder."
Venice (10-1) overcame a sluggish start despite being a heavy favorite against St. Petersburg (6-5). The Green Devils marched into Indian territory in their first three possessions but couldn't capitalize, then the Venice offense finally heated up late in the first quarter.
Quarterback Bryce Carpenter first put the Indians on the board with a 13-yard touchdown pass to Damien Brown, then found favorite target Jaivon Heileigh from 20 yards out to open a two-touchdown lead.
Carpenter ran one in himself to make it 21-0 early in the second quarter, followed closely by a Brandon Gregory seven-yard TD rush.
The Indians were on the brink of a five-touchdown lead and a running clock just before halftime when St. Petersburg's Aleem Coley sacked Carpenter and forced a fumble, which teammate Jahlon Holland scooped up and returned 78 yards to the end zone.
It reduced the Venice lead to 28-7, but the Indians came out focused after the intermission and blew the game open thanks to Gregory's second rushing TD and a 76-yard catch-and-run from Courtney Doss.
Gregory was a breakout star for the Indians. The junior showcased a patient, surgical running style and finished with 173 yards and a pair of scores on 20 carries.
"He got a lot of good yards after contact and did a good job as far as pass (protection)," Peacock said. "I'm real pleased with him and obviously he's going to get better week in and week out. He's been hurt a majority of the year ... so he hasn't had a whole lot of action."
Carpenter finished with 226 yards passing, including three TDs, and rushed for a fourth score.
Heileigh led Venice receivers in both yards (80) and catches (6).
Defensively, Noah Carr had a blocked punt and an interception for the Indians, while Carson Sullivan had a pair of sacks. Jeremy Trebbles also picked off a pass for Venice, while Noah Crawford-Lay and Caleb Smith each added one sack.
Coley had an outstanding defensive game for St. Petersburg with three sacks and a forced fumble.
Jabbar Edmond rushed 19 yards for the Green Devils' second score in the final seconds of the game.

domain: sports


In order to ensure that the National Democratic Congress is able to learn the results of the 2024 elections on the first night after votes close, Mr. Fifi Kwetey has pledged to put in place mechanisms.
On Tuesday, November 15, 2022, following the screening and voting of nominees at the NDC’s headquarters in Accra, the prospective general secretary made the pledge to party members.
“In 2024, the way to succeed is to ensure that we get the results latest by the 2nd night”, Mr Kwetey indicated, adding: “I can guarantee you that in 2024, we can get the results on the 1st night, and it’s not rocket science at all”.
“It can be done”, the former Propaganda Secretary insisted.
“As to how we are going to do it, I won’t disclose it publicly”, Mr Kwetey, a former MP said.
In light of this, he advised anyone who intended to steal votes in 2024 to “start thinking twice.”
As we did in 2008, he declared: “Under my direction as the Propaganda Secretary, we will halt any shenanigans or theft that may be committed by our friends from the NPP.”
The press briefings are not the most crucial event on election evenings, he advised.


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BVery (6416) - Burnsville, Minnesota, USA - JUL 11, 2011
3.3 AROMA 7/10 APPEARANCE 3/5 TASTE 7/10 PALATE 3/5 OVERALL 13/20
Bottle. Mostly orange, somewhat yellow pour with a nice foamy white head when poured aggressively. Sweet biscuit nose with a touch of peach. Semi-carbonated feel, with again biscuit and light fruit tones on taste. Nice brew.
beerchugger (708) - North Canton, Ohio, USA - JUL 9, 2011
3.4 AROMA 7/10 APPEARANCE 4/5 TASTE 7/10 PALATE 3/5 OVERALL 13/20
Pours a deep clear copper color with a full white fluffy head. Smells of sweet crystal malts, citrus hops, hay, and honey. Light and lively on the mouth with a slight bitter hop finish and a bit of grain. A bit watery at times.
tastybeer (1729) - Bloomington, Indiana, USA - JUL 8, 2011
3.5 AROMA 7/10 APPEARANCE 4/5 TASTE 6/10 PALATE 4/5 OVERALL 14/20
Bottle. Pour is a clean gold with a nice white head/good lacing. Aroma is peaches, fruity hops, bread. Flavor is bready, citrus, soapy. Palate is clean, slick, lightly bitter. Definitely good and to style but it’s not a particularly exciting style to begin with.
brokensail (10996) - Orange County, California, USA - JUL 7, 2011
3.5 AROMA 6/10 APPEARANCE 4/5 TASTE 7/10 PALATE 3/5 OVERALL 15/20
A: The pour on this beer is a bright orange-amber color with a finger or so of white head.
S: Not a great nose, but decent. Sweet bready and cracker malts with a bit of apple juice and some floral hops. A little bit of yeast and caramel sweetness.
T: A more well put together flavor. Plenty of malt giving the beer a nice bread and biscuit flavor. There are lots of floral malts and a hint of citrus peel. A light bitterness on the back end rounds it out.
M: Medium in body with a medium carbonation. Could have used a little bit more effervescence, though.
O: Imperial pilsners can often been too sweet, but this had a nice balance to it.
GT2 (8461) - San Diego County, California, USA - JUL 6, 2011
3.4 AROMA 7/10 APPEARANCE 4/5 TASTE 6/10 PALATE 4/5 OVERALL 13/20
651mL thanks to tastybeer. The pour is a hazy dark peach color with a healthy, large, buttermilk head. Bulky lace. Nice retention. Nose is sour peach. Taste is doughy, sharply bitter, a bit suddy, mildly tart, noticeable alcohol. Finishes a bit watery with cardboard. Palate feels slick and buttery but sourness cuts out an unpleasantness. Not bad. But I don’t think any brewery could sell me on the imperial pils idea.
Block (1425) - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - JUL 4, 2011
3.2 AROMA 5/10 APPEARANCE 3/5 TASTE 6/10 PALATE 3/5 OVERALL 15/20
A really good pils. Light pour with a sweet and a little skunky aroma. Flavor is light and this beer goes down really easy. A nice contrast to the hoppy offerings.
radagast83 (4674) - Fairfax, Virginia, USA - JUL 3, 2011
3.5 AROMA 7/10 APPEARANCE 3/5 TASTE 8/10 PALATE 3/5 OVERALL 14/20
Growler from the brewery brought by my good friend raveskdr. Poured an orange color with a fluffy thick white head. Aroma is orange citrus, notes of hops, almost biscuit malts. Flavor was citrus, almost grapefruit. Alcohol is a bit noticeable, but it is still very tasty.
deyholla (6660) - Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA - JUL 3, 2011
3.1 AROMA 6/10 APPEARANCE 4/5 TASTE 6/10 PALATE 3/5 OVERALL 12/20
Bottle thanks to Sarah! Pours a clear gold with a white head that dissipated slowly to the edges. Aroma had a good amount of sweet grains and light floral notes. A bit of cookie as well. Flavor starts with sweet grains and becomes a bit sweeter with a cookie note. A bit sweet and muddled for me.
changeup45 (1717) - Mount Dora, Florida, USA - JUL 2, 2011
3.6 AROMA 7/10 APPEARANCE 4/5 TASTE 7/10 PALATE 3/5 OVERALL 15/20
Bottle from bauermj. Thanks! Dark gold, nice fluffy white head on top. Spotty lacing sticking to the sides of the glass. The aroma shows grains and biscuity pils malt with some grass and flowers in there as well. The flavor is plenty bready sweet and slightly sticky but it also has some crisp hops to counter that fairly well. Some lighter citrus fruit hangs around, melon comes to mind, with notes of herbs and grass. A little alcohol kicks in towards the finish as it also tries to dry out. Solid beer. Not too Imperial and cloying, although I definitely wouldn’t have wanted it any stronger.
sneagrams3 (2337) - St. Louis, Missouri, USA - JUL 1, 2011
3.5 AROMA 6/10 APPEARANCE 3/5 TASTE 7/10 PALATE 3/5 OVERALL 16/20
Tasted 5/18/11. 22oz bomber. Full bodied with a bitter body. Nice cola effervescence. Sticky, cloying malty flavors. Herbal and fruity. Decently melded. Good.

domain: hobby


text:
Melatonin reverses depressive and anxiety like-behaviours induced by diabetes. - GreenMedInfo Summary
Melatonin reverses depressive and anxiety like-behaviours induced by diabetes: involvement of oxidative stress, age, rage and S100B levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats.
Arch Physiol Biochem. 2019 Nov 15:1-9. Epub 2019 Nov 15. PMID: 31726890
Diabetes is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. The current investigation was designed to explore the effect of melatonin on depressive and anxiety like-behaviours, oxidative stress, levels of AGE, RAGE and S100B in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into four groups: Normoglycemic; Normoglycemic + melatonin; diabetic; diabetic + melatonin (10 mg/kg, for 4 weeks). The malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), AGE, RAGE and S100B were measured and the depressive and anxiety like-behaviours were assessed by forced swimming and elevated plus maze tests, respectively. Melatonin ameliorates depressive and anxiety like-behaviours. Concomitantly, melatonin reversed diabetes induced increase of MDA, AGE and decrease of GSH and S100B levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, our results showed that melatonin administration may exert antidepressant-likeand anxiolytic effects in diabetic rats through normalising of AGE/RAGE, S100B and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

domain: literature