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A Clinical guide to pediatric infectious disease
The use of long-term indwelling catheters has revolutionized medical care. Chemotherapy, as well as prolonged antimicrobial treatment and parenteral nutrition, can be given without repeated replacement of peripheral catheters. However, catheter infection remains a major cause of morbidity in these patients.
The most common mechanism of catheter infection is the colonization by bacteria at the insertion site with subsequent migration to the catheter tip. A less frequent cause of catheter infection is the hematogenous seeding of the catheter from a bacteremia originating at a separate site.
Consideration of catheter infection should be made in all patients with indwelling catheters presenting with fever. This is particularly true in patients who have signs of inflammation around the catheter itself. The evaluation of a febrile patient who has an indwelling catheter should always include the following:
- Vital signs.Decreased peripheral perfusion and hypotension may be signs of progressive sepsis and should always be part of the evaluation.
- Timing of catheter placement.Patients who have had catheter placement within the past 2 to 3 weeks are at a higher risk for infection with Staphylococcus aureus.
- History of previous catheter infection.A patient recently completing antibiotic therapy, especially if the treatment did not include catheter removal, may be presenting with a relapsed infection with the sameorganism.
- Any other explanations for fever, including signs of upper or lower respiratory infection.
Diagnosis of Catheter Infections
The hallmark of the diagnosis of catheter infection is a positive blood culture from the catheter. One of the challenges is that the blood culture may be positive in a patient with a catheter who has a catheter infection or has sepsis originating at a separate site. Furthermore, a bacteremia originating at another site may ultimately seed and infect that catheter.
Several methods have been proposed for the diagnosis of catheter infection:
- Culture of the catheter tipis a common method used for the diagnosis of catheter infection. In the semiquantitative method, the catheter segment is rolled across the agar plate, and colony-forming units are counted after 24 hours of incubation. The quantitative method of catheter culture is done by flushing or vortexing the catheter segment with broth, followed by serial dilution or plating on an agar plate. A colony count of at least 15 colony-forming units by semiquantitative method or at least 100 colony-forming units from the quantitative method is indicative of catheter infection. An obvious disadvantage of this method is that the catheter has to be removed before the diagnosis of infection can be confirmed.
- Paired quantitative blood cultures.Patients in whom catheter infection is considered should always have two sets of blood cultures obtained: a blood culture from the catheter in question and a peripheral blood culture. A blood culture from an infected catheter should have 5 to 10 times more colony-forming units per cc than the peripheral blood culture. The use of paired quantitative blood cultures offers the advantage of evaluating for catheter infection without removal of the catheter.
- Time to positivity. New technology in the processing of blood cultures allows for continuous monitoring, allowing for a time to positivity to be documented. It has been reported that there is a difference between the time to positivity between blood cultures from peripheral veins and blood cultures obtained from infected catheters. This time difference is related to the size in the inoculum of bacteria between a blood culture obtained through an infected catheter and that from a peripheral site. A time difference of greater than 2 hours is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of catheter-related infection. A limitation to this methodology is that an ability to monitor the automated blood culture system must be available.
- Persistent positive cultures. This is often one of the most practical ways of proving a catheter infection. Repeated positive cultures through the catheter despite the administration of appropriate antibiotics strongly suggests a source of infection, the source usually being the catheter itself. After 48 to 72 hours of appropriate antibiotic treatment, continued positive blood cultures through the catheter suggest the diagnosis of catheter infection.
A summary of the diagnostic methods for catheter infection is provided in Table 15.1.
TABLE 15.1. Diagnosis of Catheter Infections
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy
Depending on the clinical status of the patient, empiric therapy should be broad. Many clinicians, when faced with a potential catheter infection, include vancomycin (as coverage for coagulase-negative staphylococcus, S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and enterococcus). Some physicians who wish to limit the empiric use of vancomycin begin with semisynthetic penicillin such as nafcillin and resort to vancomycin only when a pathogen requiring vancomycin is documented. Because of the rapid mortality caused by gram-negative organisms, aggressive gram-negative coverage is usually begun. This often consists of a third-generation cephalosporin combined with an aminoglycoside. In patients who are severely ill, with decreased peripheral profusion and hypotension, empiric antifungal treatment may be started. The initial empiric therapy can always be reduced after culture results are available.
Treatment of Catheter Infections
There are two options for the treatment of catheter infections:
- Antibiotic therapy alone
- Catheter removal with antibiotic therapy
Organisms that infect catheters often produce a biofilm that causes the organism to adhere to the catheter. It has been shown that antibiotic concentration must be 100 to 1,000 times greater to kill bacteria residing within a biofilm. This explains the difficulty in treating infected catheters with antibiotic therapy alone.
Guidelines have recently been published by the Infectious Disease Society of America. This important document states that randomized trials regarding treatment of infected catheters are lacking; definitive recommendations therefore are often not available. Recommendations are based on a consensus from a panel of experts, taking into account a large amount of historical experience with catheter infections.
These guidelines are grouped according to the pathogens causing the catheter infection.
It is important to remember that a clinical or microbiological relapse following completion of antibiotics with the same pathogen in a patient in whom the catheter was retained, warrants immediate consideration for catheter removal, regardless of the pathogen.
Specific Pathogens of Catheter Infection
Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common cause of catheter infection. These bacteria may have lower virulence than other pathogens, and one can consider treatment with antibiotic therapy alone. The treatment is with oxacillin or nafcillin for methicillin-sensitive isolates and with vancomycin for organisms that are methicillin resistant. Some investigators believe that infection with coagulase-negative staphylococcus represents an infection with a heterogenous population of organisms; that is, the organisms involved in the infection may be both oxacillin sensitive and resistant. Thus, some clinicians use vancomycin for any coagulase-negative staphylococcus infection thought to require treatment. Treatment is for 10 to 14 days in patients in whom the catheter is retained.
- aureusis a pathogen of higher virulence, often associated with secondary seeding (i.e., endocarditis and osteomyelitis). Many clinicians believe the treatment of an S. aureuscatheter infection with antibiotics alone is difficult and often results in continued bacteremia and increased risk for infection of secondary sites. The most current recommendation includes removal of the catheter and antibiotic therapy for 14 days.
The diagnosis of endocarditis in patients with S. aureus bacteremia remains controversial. In adults, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is routinely used to assess for vegetations. In patients who have had a prolonged course of bacteremia or have abnormalities on TEE, treatment with antibiotics is often given for 4 to 6 weeks.
In pediatrics, the use of TEE is limited, making the diagnosis of S. aureus endocarditis more difficult. Some clinicians, when faced with persistent bacteremia preceding or following catheter removal, make a presumptive diagnosis of endocarditis and consider a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy.
The gram-negative bacilli are increasingly causing catheter-related infections. No controlled studies have addressed definitively whether catheters infected by gram-negative bacilli must be removed. In some settings in which the patient is hemodynamically
stable, attempts with medical therapy alone can be tried. In patients who present with a septic picture, hypotension, or system failure, immediate catheter removal should be considered. A recent study examining gram-negative catheter infection in neonates found that the bacteremia was successfully treated with medical management in only 45% of cases; successful therapy was most likely to occur when there was only a single day's duration of bacteremia. Infection was rarely resolved in infants who had more prolonged bacteremia and bacteremia-associated thrombocytopenia, unless the catheter was removed.
Candida species are another major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with catheter infections. Once a fungal catheter infection is documented, removal of the catheter is necessary. Retention of the catheter will only result in persistent fungemia, which can cause significant morbidity and even mortality.
Although minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints are not available for amphotericin B, breakpoints for candidal species to the azole class (e.g., fluconazole, itraconazole) are available. The Infectious Disease Society of America has recently published recommendations regarding the treatment of a variety of Candida species with antifungal agents. Infections with Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis can usually be treated with fluconazole. Candida krusei and Candida glabrata are generally considered resistant to fluconazole and may have reduced sensitivity to amphotericin B, requiring either increased dosing of amphotericin B or the use of caspofungin. Candida lusitaniae is considered to be potentially resistant to amphotericin B. Current guidelines recognize that resistance patterns may change over time; testing for azole resistance may need to be increasingly used, particularly if faced with clinical or microbiological failure.
Duration of therapy for fungemia is a common question. Adequate therapy is desired because of the high risk for secondary spread to bone, kidneys, or cerebrospinal fluid. In the past, all fungemia was treated with a 6-week course of antifungal agents. Recently, efforts to determine which patients may be candidates for a shorter course of antifungal therapy have been made. Early catheter removal is essential. A vigorous search for secondary sites of infection by urine culture, urinalysis, funduscopic examination, and renal ultrasound are often recommended. If repeat blood cultures following catheter removal are negative and there is no evidence of a secondary infected site, many clinicians will administer 2 weeks of additional therapy following first negative culture. Secondary sites of infection needprolonged therapy (Table 15.2).
Routine Changes of Central Venous Catheters
Recently, several studies have examined the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections in the intensive care setting with scheduled replacement of these
catheters over guide wires. These studies have not shown a decrease in infection; there was actually an increased risk for mechanical complication when the catheters were replaced. The most current recommendation is that routine scheduling and changing of catheters does not prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections.
TABLE 15.2. Management of Catheter Infections by Specific Pathogens
Benjamin, DK, Miller W, Garges H, et al. Bacteremia, central catheters, and neonates: when to pull the line. Pediatrics2001;107(6):1272–1276.
Donowitz LG, Hendley JO. Short course amphotericin B therapy for candidemia in pediatric patients. Pediatrics 1995;95(6):888–891.
Gaur AH, Flynn PM, Giannini MA, et al. Difference in time to detection: a simple method to differentiate catheter-related from non-catheter related blood steam infection in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37(4):469–475.
Haimi-Cohen Y, Shafinoori S, Tucci V, et al. Use of incubation time to detect in BACTEC 9240 to distinguish coagulase-negative staphylococcal contamination from infection in pediatric blood cultures. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003;22:968–973.
Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sheretz RJ, et al. Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis2001;32(9):1249–1272.
Nazemi KJ, Buescher ES, Kelly RE, et al. Central venous catheter removal versus in situ treatment in neonates with Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia. Pediatrics 2003;111(3):E269–274.


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Rutronik Delivers MediaTek to Europe and Israel
September 26, 2023
Rutronik stated it will now be delivering MediaTek’s range of Genio processors in Europe and Israel. The platforms are designed with robotics, industrial automation, and IoT applications in mind. Able to utilize Yocto Linux, Ubuntu, and Android, the processors aid in lowering cost and time to market. "As the largest European distributor, Rutronik will help us to further expand our IoT footprint in the region," said Richard Lu, Vice President of MediaTek’s IoT Business Unit.
Genio Processor Uses:
- Smart home appliances
- Industrial automation applications
- POS devices
- Digital signage
"For us, customer orientation and future viability means offering precisely those products that are currently in demand or will be in demand. MediaTek’s innovative components and technologies add real value to our line card. The symbiosis of high-performance components and our know-how fulfills exactly what our customers expect from us as a distributor," said Reza Armin Maghdounieh, Vice President Product Marketing Semiconductor at Rutronik.
Find more information, visit rutronik.com.

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Panathinaikos – Brose Baskets
My line: (-6,5/142,5)
- Home avg. pace: 142 attacks (-)
- Home avg. scoring: 1.02 pts/attack
- Away average pace: 142 attacks (-)
- Away avg. scoring: 1.062 pts/attack
- Expected pace: 135-138 attacks
- Panathinaikos 7-3 for Under 153
- Brose 4-2 for Under 153
- Panathinaikos is 7/10 for Under 153 at home
Brose 2 wins away from playoffs and should be very motivated in Athens, where they always playing close games with PAO (73:76, 66:71 and 61:66). Both teams are VERY SLOW and that should result to slow basketball with long posessions and a lot of defense from both sides. With X.Pasqual Panathinaikos improved their defense and now they owns 2nd best home defense in Euroleague with just 0.85 pts/possession allowed.
I expect to see very slow match, as it was in Bamberg when teams did just 131 attacks but scored 167 points. Today game scoring efficiency should be lower (0.98-1.12 pts/attack expected) and for 135-138 attacks game that should result in 131-154 scored points. But there are some weak points too:
Brose is just 5/11 for Under 153 in away games
Pick: Under 153,5 @ 1.92 5/10 WON
Unics – Real Madrid
My line: (+8,5/157,5)
A lot of news came from Kazan this week. O.Johnson left team because his contract has expired. J.Colom played his first game after missing basketball action for 1.5 month. K.Kaimakoglou broke finger and will not play for one month. Pankrashov is close to playing his first minutes. There are rumours that after loss to Real Madrid E.Pashutin might be fired.
Real travels without R.Fernandez and Thompkins questionable (virus infection).
There is no replacements for Johnson and Kaimakouglu. Euroleague season is over for Unics and it will be very hard to take something tonight. Real deserves -7 handicap here, but they are not playing like a team, which can cover such spread with closed eyes.
I recommend to wait for better odds on Real Madrid at in-play.
Efes – Milano
My line: (-7/170)
Both teams are doing well in last games. Milano may try to return to playoff race, because in case of win they will have h2h advantage over Darussafaka (currently 9th) and Efes (8th). Chances are more theoritical, but I have always said that this team has enough talent to win against any team in Euroleague, but they don’t have system. Efes is the same quality team, but they learned to play Perasovic basketball and is better trained team.
Milano won 105-92 at home being 3 points favs. So healthy line in Turkey should be about 5-7 points. We are getting -9 just because Efes is 5-1 ATS in last 6 home games. But Milan is 4-1 ATS in last 5 games too and won 3 of last 4 games.
Milano +9 is good choice, but you know how bad this team can be…
CSKA – Crvena Zvezda
My line: (-19/160)
CSKA will have M.Teodosic and V.Khriapa today. Crvena Zvezda without important Jovic and less important Dangubic.
Seems that golden time of Crvena Zvezda is over. Their hot form start to disappear. CSKA is also unpredictable now. They can’t find their rhytm and confidence. Maybe with return of Teodosic they will be back to their best version, but Milos is not 100% healthy and I expect him to play limited minutes.
I see easy win for CSKA, which is going to take revenge for away loss in Belgrade. But there is no reason to jump on CSKA -17.. Total line is set more or less fair.
Let others know your opinion:

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domain: entertainment


text:
Tension at Idomeni as 12,000 refugees want to cross the border
The 12,000 refugees who have gathered at Idomeni, on the border with FYROM, are living in appalling conditions, with NGOs and…
The 12,000 refugees who have gathered at Idomeni, on the border with FYROM, are living in appalling conditions, with NGOs and government officials warning that the adverse weather conditions, malnutrition and transmittable diseases will make the situation even worse.
The Alternate Minister of Migration Policy Yannis Mouzalas recently commented that he feared that a child refugee will die under these appalling living conditions, while the Minister of Health Andreas Xanthos admitted that the state has been unable to address “such a major humanitarian crisis” and relies on help from volunteers and NGOs.
Meanwhile the police announced that the sit-down demonstration that was beeing carried out at the bridge at Polykastro by refugees has ended. The sit-down ended after the refugees, who were demanding that the borders reopen so that they may continue their journey into Europe, departed.
The Mayor of Peonia Christos Gountenoudis has reported that the refugees have even pitched tents in the middle of the road, which may cause an accident as trucks go through Polykastro.
Mr. Gountenoudis told Mega Channel that he was “starting to get scared” claiming that “groups of Greeks” were inciting them, without further elaborating. The mayor called the police to “clear out the road and evacuate Idomeni so that we me get some peace and quiet”.

domain: politics


text:
- Bitcoin rallies over 20% in every week, fulfills bullish Ichimoku breakout circumstances.
- Ethereum grabs 25% acquire in every week and pushes on in direction of $4,000.
- XRP struggles to generate vital momentum regardless of a 22% transfer larger.
Bitcoin value fulfills all circumstances essential to finish an Supreme Bullish Ichimoku Breakout setup. Ethereum value, scorching on the tail of Bitcoin’s efficiency, positions for a similar Ichimoku breakout as Bitcoin. Nevertheless, XRP value motion is considerably muted when in comparison with its friends and reveals indicators of struggling to catch the identical momentum as Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Bitcoin value appears for a transparent and sustained break above $50,000 to maneuver in direction of $70,000
Bitcoin value has fulfilled all of the Supreme Bullish Ichimoku Breakout entry necessities inside the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo system. The Chikou Span is above the candlesticks; the shut is above the Cloud, Future Senkou Span A is sloping up whereas future Senkou Span B is sloping down and the Tenkan-Sen is above the Kijun-Sen. The one technicals that might derail the sustained transfer larger are the hidden bearish divergence between the candlestick chart and the Composite Index. Subsequently, Bitcoin might want to shut above the September 6th excessive of $52,742 to negate any near-term bearish alerts within the oscillators.
BTC/USD Every day Ichimoku Chart
Bulls needs to be cautious of any return to the within of the Cloud because it may sign one other leg decrease in direction of the $30,000 worth space.
Ethereum value makes an attempt a breakout larger; bulls goal $3,600 shut to substantiate a brand new bullish enlargement
Ethereum value, in contrast to Bitcoin, stays contained in the Cloud has stubbornly been rejected larger from the highest of the Cloud (Senkou Span A) at $3,500. For a bullish breakout to be true, the shut and the Chikou Span should be above the Cloud, with the Chikou Span additionally above the candlesticks. This could solely happen with a detailed at or above $3,600. Till then, draw back strain stays a really possible state of affairs. The identical hidden bearish divergence state of affairs on Bitcoin’s chart exists for Ethereum as effectively. To negate that bearish divergence and eradicate any draw back strain menace, a detailed above $4,000 is critical.
ETH/USD Every day Ichimoku Chart
Ethereum value dropping under $3,000 could be a sign that additional draw back motion is probably going.
XRP struggles to keep up bullish momentum, eyes a return to $0.90
XRP value continues to battle larger and is now underneath menace from dropping most of its beneficial properties over the previous week. The Kijun-Sen at $1.05 continues to behave as a supply of great resistance. The bearish readings within the oscillators exacerbate the resistance on the Kijun-Sen. The Optex Bands proceed to pattern larger and are nearing the acute overbought ranges. Hidden bearish divergence between the candlestick chart and the Composite Index additionally weighs in on additional draw back momentum. Lastly, the Relative Energy Index faces resistance in opposition to the primary overbought situation in a bear market at 55. An in depth above $1.20 is critical to return XRP right into a bull market.
XRP/USD Every day Ichimoku Chart
XRP could set off some substantial value collapses if it fails to carry $1.00.
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domain: finance


text:
Well, here’s a bit of kindling for this fire: Comey now says he’s a Republican no longer.
He made that revelation in an interview with ABC News.
“In your heart of hearts, do you still consider yourself a Republican?” asked Brad Mielke, the host of the “Start Here” podcast.
“No,” Comey replied. “The Republican Party has left me and many others. I need no better evidence than their new website — which I think is ‘LyinComey,’ maybe? — attacking me. … I just think they’ve lost their way, and I can’t be associated with it.”
“When did you see that change take place?” Mielke asked.
“Probably over the Trump presidency, and, probably began during the campaign of ’16?” Comey said. “Came to the conclusion that these people don’t represent anything I believe in.”
It’s hard to argue with Comey’s feeling as though the Republican Party doesn’t mesh with his interests when the GOP did indeed create a website calling him a liar. It’s a great encapsulation of the party’s politics at the moment: The Republican former deputy attorney general under George W. Bush is critical of Trump, so the GOP comes at him with both barrels. That’s really Comey’s point: In the Trump era, Trump is paramount.
But his secondary point — that the party has left him “and many others” is a different story. The data isn’t really clear on whether this is happening, but it’s one of those sorts of things that may feel accurate to an individual. Like the guy who gets frustrated with the service at a restaurant and talks to his friends who all agree that they won’t eat there anymore. Seems like a lot of people are bailing on the restaurant, even though it may barely have noticed the protest. Comey joins other notable never-Trumpers in their critiques of how the party has changed, but it’s not clear that the party’s actually bleeding members any faster than it was before Trump.
This is the long-term trend, after all. Americans are increasingly identifying as independents. A decade ago, there was about a three-way split between those who identified as Democrats, Republicans or independents. Now, a plurality of Americans call themselves independents.
Of that group, though, most align with one party or the other. Only about 10 percent of independents don’t generally lean toward the Democrats or Republicans. Generally speaking, more people call themselves Democrats or lean to the Democratic Party than do to the GOP.
The composition of the Republican/lean-Republican group looks like this.
Why’s this important? Because what generally happens is that people who leave one party or the other move into that group of leaners. Comey’s assertion that Republicans “don’t represent anything I believe in” is almost certainly hyperbole born of frustration. The policy goals of Republican Party of 2014 are broadly identical to the policy goals of the Republican Party of 2018. Unless Comey was a Republican only because he thought its sole policy position was “never attacking current or former FBI agents,” it’s hard to believe that he is that firmly at odds with the party’s politics. (Not that it’s unlikely that he now opposes the party given that it attacked him, of course.)
What this means is that we can try to evaluate Comey’s claim about people leaving the GOP by looking at how that pool of Republican leaners has changed. You’ll notice in the graph above that the section that’s light-red (the leaners) has gotten thicker over time.
In fact, the density of the leaners in the Republicans/lean-Republicans group has gotten much larger over the past decade — and has seen an uptick since the beginning of 2017. (The percentage of leaners in the Democrats/lean-Democrats pool is less volatile but has been ticking higher.)
Before the 2016 election, though, the density of leaners in the Republican voter pool had been falling.
How does one shift into that “leaner” pool? There are probably two factors. The first is that ideological polarization within the party might spur some people to leave. The Republican Party is solidly conservative; the Democrats increasingly liberal. The timelines don’t overlap here; the pool of Republican leaners has grown, even as the density of conservatives in the party has stayed constant, but it’s clear that some, like Comey, are driven away over time by ideological homogeneity with which they disagree.
The second factor is that those who give up on one party often hate the other party more. They’re left in no man’s land in our two-party system, feeling dissatisfied with one party and unwilling to join the other.
How many people have left the Republican Party and landed in that space? It’s hard to say. Certainly some, including a lot of prominent Republican voices in the Trump era. But Trump also got more of the vote in 2016 than Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) did in 2008 or than Bob Dole did in 1996. Enough Republicans and Republican leaners stuck with Trump after the election to give him a victory.
The Washington Post’s recent poll conducted with ABC News offers a different perspective on Comey’s argument: Most Republicans side with Trump in Comey’s dispute with the president.
If Comey gave up on the Republican Party, Republicans have also largely given up on Comey.


text:
I'm very excited to announce that the new Adult Coloring Book Treasury 2 is now available!
This book is a great way to discover new artists, and at only $6.89 for 130 images - it's an unbeatable value!
I've got two images in the book - one form my "The Lumina Chronicles" coloring book, and another from my new "Magical Beauties" print pack.
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domain: hobby


OTTAWA — A Canadian couple has filed a complaint with a human rights tribunal as they state that their six-year-old daughter came home confused after her teacher allegedly told the class that there is “no such thing as girls and boys.”
Jason and Pamela Buffone state that first graders at Devonshire Community Public School in Ottawa, Ontario were shown a video last year entitled “He, She and They?!? — Gender.” The video (pictured above) is part of a YouTube channel called Queer Kid Stuff.
“Well, Teddy, did you know that some people aren’t boys or girls?” the host asked the talking teddy bear “Teddy.” “Some people are boys. Some people are girls. And some people are people.”
As the host had told Teddy that there’s nothing wrong with boys wearing dresses, a confused Teddy then asked how one can know someone’s gender if boys and girls can wear the same clothes.
“All you have to do is ask someone what their pronoun is,” the host asserted. “When you meet someone, just ask them what their pronoun is.”
Teddy then concluded that he doesn’t feel like a boy or a girl, “so I guess my pronoun is ‘they.’”
The Buffones state that during the course of two months of gender lessons, including the teacher allegedly telling the class that “there is no such thing as girls and boys” and “girls are not real and boys are not real,” their daughter came home confused as to why it
The remainder of this article is available in its entirety at Christian News


text:
From the prow of our anchored pram I gazed across the Fall River Valley in the setting sun, and the immensity of the sky took some of my breath away. We were there for the Hex hatch, but it was hard to completely ignore that much darkening sky seemingly all around us. The first stars were beginning to show. In the margins between the water and the sky were cattails, red-winged blackbirds chattering back and forth, and the almost imperceptible murmur of spring creek water slipping inevitably toward the Pacific hundreds of miles away.
Fall River normally keeps a poker face, rarely betraying much of what waits beneath the surface. Some summer evenings there is no Hex hatch, but I had this funny feeling we were about to experience something really special. As we waited for what we hoped would happen, I imagined the river grinning at me with a Mona Lisa smile.
Northern California’s Fall River ranks among the longest spring creeks in North America with fishing comparable to other legendary Western spring creeks like Henry’s Fork or Silver Creek. It’s unusual in that public access is limited and fishing it requires a boat with either a small gasoline or electric motor. The river is much too deep for wading and all of the banks are private property. The ecosystem is a virtual bug and fish factory, but the fish are far from naive seeing as many flies as they do in a typical season.
Hatches vary in intensity year to year, and there’s a relatively short list of mayfly species that dominate the fish menu. That said, while there are only a few bug species to imitate, you never know from day to day if the fish will want nymphs, dry flies, dead drift, swinging flies, martinis, Quaaludes or hand grenades. Like people, they seem to take pride in not being considered too easy.
Getting to Fall River requires heading east out of Redding on Hwy. 299. About an hour later you go through the small town of Burney, and then it’s another 15-20 minutes before you drop down into the Fall River Valley.
Most anglers access the river via the California Trout (CalTrout) boat launch ramp on Island Road. Unless you’re a guest at one of the several ranches along the river or working with a guide, it’s the only game in town that doesn’t come with a price tag. While privately owned like every other centimeter of Fall River shoreline, CalTrout allows anglers free access and there is great fishing both up and downstream from their property. Prams are most popular because they provide a fairly stable platform from which to fish, but keep your vessel somewhat on the small side. You will need to carry/drag/push your boat some distance from where you park your car to the river, and several of the bridges you may want to go under are quite low to the water.
The standard protocol for fishing Fall goes something like this: Motor up or down from CalTrout as you see fit. If you don’t know the likely spots to fish, watch where the other boats go and politely slip into those sections after they move on. Another technique is to don your polarized sunglasses as you move up or down the river looking for scattering pods of fish. The fish usually move back into those same slots a few minutes after being disturbed. There is no shade on Fall River unless you take refuge under one of the bridges, so bring plenty of sunscreen and drinking water.
Fall River “regulars” usually carry two anchors, one for the bow and the other for the stern of their boats. Position your boat sideways in the current and drop both anchors. By adjusting the length of the anchor ropes you can position your boat so that two anglers can fish downstream at the same time without getting in one another’s way too much. There is no such thing as casting upstream on Fall River, and this is where nurturing your spring creek presentation skills comes into play.
Let’s say you have two anglers in the boat with your anchor ropes adjusted so your pram is sitting broadside to the current (side-to-side rather than pointing your boat upstream). Let’s also imagine it’s a typical day with maybe a few bugs showing but no rising fish. Your best bets are fishing either nymphs under a floating strike indicator or swinging/stripping leeches. Most of the time nymphs are a solid bet.
Casting is hardly necessary. One angler can flip their fly/strike indicator rig to the right, the other to the left (so the two avoid getting tangled). This doesn’t need to be far, only maybe a rod’s length off to the side.
Once the flies are in the water both anglers should throw out a bit of slack fly line (hopefully without moving their indicators), point their rods directly downstream and start slowly feeding line down. If done correctly what happens is the nymphs float downstream dead drift a good long way. How far you let them go is up to the individual, but 30-40 feet is a good place to start. With flies off to the side and feeding your line directly downstream, your fly line will look like a large “L” moving down the river.
When your strike indicator has reached the downward limit of your presentation, quit feeding out line and pinch the fly line between your hand and rod grip. This causes the nymph(s) to slowly swing and rise in the current, and this is a very likely place to get a grab. Some days the fish seem to prefer nymphs dead drifted while other days they prefer the swing. This presentation technique offers the fish some of each and is a staple for Fall River success. It really isn’t as difficult as it may sound.
Fishing the Season
Early season typically finds most of the fish up high in the system close to the spawning areas. We consulted friend and accomplished Fall River guide Scott Saiki to lead us through a typical season. “In a typical year,” said Saiki, “the fish are spread out by mid-June all through the system.”
No two years are always exactly the same, but generally speaking the hatches don’t move into full swing until June. The month of May still offers good fishing, but you have to know where the fish are (still grouped upstream or spread out through the entire river). Once you know where the fish are, fishing leech patterns on sinking fly lines is an effective early season technique. Sparsely tied Monroe Leeches in olive or rust (#10) will take fish most days.
“Just after the opener we typically fish sinking lines through the deeper spots,” said Saiki, “Type IIs, Types IIIs, even Type Vs. The fish are not too selective, just looking for movement.” Leaders for this fishing are basically a short length of 4X or 5x rather than using a tapered leader.
The first insects to appear in any numbers are the Baetis mayflies, a.k.a. Blue Winged Olives. The early season weather is transitioning from cooler, cloudier months toward the warmer blue-sky days of summer. Blue Winged Olives like both types of weather, but are best known for hatching heavily on cloudy, rainy days. It would be rare to observe any great dry fly activity early in the season, but anything is possible. Chances are good most successful anglers will be fishing Baetis nymph patterns like Pheasant Tail (PT) Nymphs, Hogan’s S&M Nymph or Burk’s HBI Nymph in sizes #16-18. Anglers typically start fishing one or two nymphs under an indicator dead drift. If that doesn’t produce, try taking off the indicator and letting them swing in the current.
“The key out there,” Saiki pointed out, “is to have a bunch of different bugs. They’re picky enough to want maybe a Paradun one day and the next day a Comparadun.”
Early season you can get away with fishing heavier tippets like 5X. Later in the season the fish have become more selective and most anglers drop down to 6X or even 7X. You can fish 9-foot leaders while nymphing all season long, but you may need to reach out to 12 or even 14-foot leaders fishing to rising fish. Rods throwing #4-5 weight lines work very well for most Fall River fishing.
After the Baetis mayflies of spring, the major mayflies of summer are the (Ephemerella) Pale Morning Duns (PMDs). They are fished for pretty much the same way anglers approach the Blue Winged Olives, only with slightly larger flies #14-16. “Fish focus on the size of the fly, then shape, then color,” added Saiki.
The most popular dry flies for Fall River seem rather traditional even though the preference of the fish changes quite often. Paraduns and Comparaduns in a wide variety of sizes and colors round out what you will need for most of the hatches. Have sizes #14-18 in olive, grey, cream and rust with you at the very least.
Fishing season opens the last Saturday in April on Fall River and extends through November 15th. Bait is prohibited and anglers must use barbless hooks and either lures or flies. The vast majority of anglers catch and release, but it’s legal to harvest two trout per day with a maximum length of 14 inches per fish.
Do not presume you don’t have to follow the angling regulations to the letter just because access is fairly limited. Game wardens work the river fairly often checking licenses and making sure everyone is fishing barbless. Several years ago I got to ride in the warden’s boat for a day and I was astounded by how many anglers either did not have a fishing license or who were fishing with barbed hooks. I could not fathom people willing to spend $1,000 on a premium rod and reel, and then be too cheap to buy a fishing license.
Getting your Hex on
Fall River’s Hexagenia Limbata (Hex) hatch is legendary, usually beginning mid-June and lasting well into August.
“The Hex is never a numbers game,” mused Saiki, “but it is something everyone should do a time or two, just to see the spectacle of it in a beautiful place, hear the fish coming up.”
Hexagenia mayflies are among the largest mayfly species on earth. An adult is a soft yellow color with olive highlights stretching out to several inches long. The nymphs live for several years in the silty/muddy bottoms of lakes and streams before hatching on summer evenings just as the sun goes down and after. The fading light of nighttime inspires and seems to intensify the hatch. The Hex is characterized by anglers fishing in the dark setting their hooks to the sound of the rises they can no longer see. Some evenings are productive, others not. But these are always memorable experiences.
The lower reaches of Fall River down as far as the Tule River are known as the best areas for Hexing, but they are a long boat ride away. Anglers often position their boats in likely spots hours in advance of darkness and just wait for the telltale sounds of rising fish.
If there are too many Hexs hatching, then it becomes less likely the trout will be attracted to your dry fly. If too few are on the water the fish may not rise at all. “On a perfect night,” said Saiki, “there are decent numbers of bugs, not too many, and a lot of fish coming up.”
There are several different Hex nymphs on the market, but they are not popular on Fall River. To get the full haunting effect of fishing the Hex hatch, you need to stick to dry flies, although according to Saiki, “I hook a lot more fish on cripples than I do the duns.” Try Mercer’s Poxyback Hex Emerger of Milt’s Hex Cripple #6. The Hex hatch is also an excellent time to cut your leader back to 4X, 3X or larger.
Obviously there is never a bad time to fish Fall, but the late season doesn’t offer too much that is new or unique.
Summer in the Fall River Valley lasts well into October with the same bugs (only smaller) and the same fish (only wiser). Without the help of a calendar, you might be hard pressed to tell a July day from a September day. Something that becomes more of a factor later in the season are the abundance of surface weed beds. Early in the year there are virtually none of these showing above the surface of the water. By late season parts of the river are clogged with them and some of these turn into heavy matts all but halting up or downstream boat traffic under some of the bridges. On the other hand, the open channels between the weed beds can funnel food to the fish and concentrate pods of feeding fish.
Fall River does have a respectable population of Mahogany Duns, Paraleptophlebia mayflies, that may hatch all afternoon on cool fall days. “To me late season means fishing dries in the middle of the day,” Saiki said, “something you can’t do that often.”
Magical places like Fall River have the capacity to get under your skin, and Fall has a huge and devoted following. The fishing is captivating, challenging and there are a lot of big fish. The setting is as fine, majestic and Western as you’re apt to find, and seeing real cowboys working ranches along the river is a distinct possibility. Over the years I’ve observed many bald eagles, herons, Sandhill cranes, countless deer and antelope, one bear and a nudist on the river; a real feast for lovers of natural beauty (well, the nudist not so much).
As the last flicker of daylight faded into a narrow crimson line on the western horizon we began hearing what sounded like someone tossing stones into the river, big fish rising to big bugs. It was on! The night was perfect with only a few clumsy yellow sailboats (Hexs) popping here and there. Soon the red-winged blackbirds and the bats were also getting in on the feast plucking big, yellow mouthfuls off the water.
A fish suddenly inhaled a bug no more than forty feet below our boat. Right on cue I fed my Hex cripple downstream watching it inch closer, closer, closer to the fading rings on the water. In that frozen moment I did not know if my dry fly was drifting toward victory or defeat, but I did know whose face was now sporting a Mona Lisa smile.

domain: geography


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When I lived in Florida, every Spring my friends(that sewed) and I were all gather up on a Tour Bus and head to the Lakeland Convention Center for the Sewing/Quilting Expo and spend the day. If you have never attended one in your State and you love to Sew, this is a must attend Event! It is just full of Wonderful Vendors, showing the latest and greatest in Machines, Fabrics, Quilting Designs, Embroidery, Needlepoint, Notions, Patterns, Patterns, Books, Shows, Classes, etc. The Expo is usually a 4 day Event. Every year we looked forwarded to attending.
This past Winter, now living in WA State I got to thinking about the Expo and had to google online, When...Where. Found it! Not too far up the road from where I live. Immediately I signed up for their Newsletter to keep up for when Tickets to go on Sale. The time came and I bought my Daughter and I each a ticket.
It was a loooong 2 month wait from when I received the Tickets to the day we went. The Show here in Pullyalop, WA was everything the Florida Show had been, and we had so much fun! Looking at Quilt Patterns for Lauren's Bed, buying Fabric for little Girls Dresses and filling out pieces of Paper for Give Aways the Independent Vendors were having for Items that Interested us. It was fun filled day I was happy to share with my Daughter at her first Sewing/Quilting Expo.
Last month, I received a Voicemail Message from a lady at Martelli Notions. Her message, I had won a New Sewing Machine! The questions were literally swirling in my head, from was this for real, to from where. I returned her call, and basically went Numb with excitement! After the call I couldn't even remember what type of Machine I had won. Once reality hit, I cried. You see, I lost my machine in 2007 when our home burnt to the ground. There was so much to replace that took priority, that my Machine was really at the bottom of the list. After awhile of saving up for a new one, something serious would come about and the funds were needed elsewhere. I closed the Door of ever having another Machine of my own. My love of sewing dwindled as it became harder and harder to find a decent Machine to rent for a project. Buying a used one was out of the question as the Service call to bring the Machine up to date almost matched the cost of a New Machine.
Two weeks ago my Gorgeous Janome Magnolia 7360 Machine arrived,(yep, more tears) but I had left my camera in CA where I had just returned from a Family Funeral. So now today my Camera arrived and here is what I told you about a few posts ago that I had won~
Isn't she Beautiful! for the first 2 days I just stared at her, and read the Manual. My hubby is off on a trip so this is his first time seeing her too!
How so very grateful I am to the one from Martelli Notions whose hand pulled my name from the Drawing Box, Valerie Webster from Martelli Notions. Remember those great Fussy Cut Templates and the Ergo Cutter I showed you, they were a gift from Valerie as well.
I just can't say Thank~you enough for the Thoughtfulness and Generosity of this Give Away. A New Door has opened in my life and I am eternally Grateful! An Angel with Golden Wings picked my name........
Now I can sew again with out the Stress of finding a Machine to use, I can participate in Blog Hops, and fill my online Shops with Items my Customers like, and fill my Home and my Children's Homes with Quilts, and sew for my Charity, Enchanted Makeovers. I am sew very Blessed!


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My Chemical Romance - Famous Last Words
For themesong, a music meme. See here for details. The theme for September 1st (and here’s the calendar of themes) was tenacity . I’m just catching up on some of the themes I missed this week.
Before I talk about tenacity, let me just say that I love this album and I also love Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge and I won’t listen to your “emo eyeliner wearing hot topic blah blah blah” bullshit because The Black Parade is some fantastic song writing and storytelling. It’s part Queen, part Broadway musical and all awesome. I’ll fight you on that. I will.
So one day I was driving around running errands and this song came on and it was just… a moment. You know what I mean? One of those small moments when you feel something click and you don’t know if that click will last or if it’s just a fleeting thing but for a few seconds it’s like you’re a giant clock and all the gears have finally fit into place and they just start moving and you start tick tick ticking like you just kicked into life. It’s a brief epiphany and while the exultation of the moment won’t always stay with you, the memory of it will. That little moment when it all came together, when you said, I’m alive. I’m good. I got this.
'Cause I see you lying next to me
With words I thought I’d never speak
Awake and unafraid
Asleep or dead
I am not afraid to keep on living
I am not afraid to walk this world alone
Honey if you stay, I’ll be forgiven
Nothing you can say can stop me going home
And yea, I know what the song is about but what a song is about and how it makes you feel in a moment are sometimes two different things.
In an interview with The New York Times, singer Gerard Way was quoted as saying, “At first I thought [the patient died], but the more I think about it, the more I think he’s not dead. Maybe this is all in his head. Maybe he can fight. Now I think he has a choice to live.” The song’s meaning is generally open to interpretation, as said before, because its lyrics never really tell one way or the other whether the patient dies. Ray Toro (the lead guitarist) said this is his favorite song on the album because it leaves you with a little hope.


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Just over six minutes into a story interview on February 12 at The Tribune with Sierrah Mooney, the loud noise of the fire siren went off a block west. Mooney instantly arose from her seat at the round table in the office, ran to the door, briefly fumbled with unlocking the door— locked from the inside— before opening it and running out the door without an explanation.
She was headed to the Greenbush Fire Department to go on a fire run. About 40 minutes later, she returned from this run to finish the interview, one she was doing for the exact reason she had to leave it— she had become the first woman firefighter on the Greenbush Fire Department.
After a vote by Greenbush Fire Department members, Sierrah Mooney officially became a firefighter on the department in mid-January. In the process, she made department history.
Mooney discussed the decision to eventually join the department, including the support to do so, her experience so far, her reception on the department, her thoughts on accomplishing this history-making achievement, her message to other women and young girls thinking of joining the fire department and what she looks forward to most about working on the department.
Greenbush Fire Chief Randy Jenson also commented on the achievement, the department’s decision-making process, requirements, and training to become a firefighter, and Mooney’s performance to this point.
Mooney remembers a time when the fire siren went off in Greenbush while she was heading uptown for something. She doesn’t remember the exact specific date this happened, estimating a couple months ago, but does remember the thought that drifted through her mind as she sat at the stop sign letting the first trucks go by that day.
“I was like, you know, it’d be cool to join the fire department,” Mooney said. “… When I was younger, I always wanted to be an EMT, and I tried getting into the classes in Roseau, but with COVID, they couldn’t really figure out a plan on how to do it or whatever. So I was like, okay, maybe the next step is the fire department.”
Fire Chief Jenson talked to Mooney’s dad, Danny, and asked him if his daughter Sierrah wanted to be on the fire department. Danny came home and asked her and she thought it would be cool, but set the thought to the side for a little while. Jenson asked her again and, this time, she said yes.
Having the support from her family to do this, she made this decision to join the department for the opportunity to help out her community. So far, she has appreciated the feeling doing this job has given her.
“Every time that the siren goes off, I just get that adrenaline,” Mooney said. “… (I will) be able to help the community when they’re in need.”
Mooney went on her first ever fire run as part of the department on January 27 at about 4 am. On this first run, her mother Joni did get worried, not able to fall asleep knowing it was her daughter’s first call.
“When I came back, she texted me,” Mooney said. “She’s like, ‘Are you okay? How’d it go?’… I’m like, ‘Mom, I’m fine.’”
Fire Chief Jenson said she and Aaron Schneider— the other member to join department at the same time as her— have performed well to this point.
As for Jenson’s reaction to Mooney joining the department, he was excited about it. He explained how the department is not discriminatory, always being open to women joining.
“There’s a lot of fire departments around, whether they’re volunteer or full-time that have female firefighters on their departments,” Jenson said. “And they’re great. They’re doing a very good job.”
Several women, Jenson said, have inquired about joining the Greenbush Fire Department in the past, but none have gone as far as Mooney in the process.
“When we do our process on bringing on new firefighters, it (Mooney joining) was received extremely well at the department,” Jenson said.
Outside her work as a firefighter, Mooney, a 2018 Greenbush-Middle River graduate, began working at Central Boiler-Altoz in Greenbush last August. There, she works on the mower line. Other than that, she said her two nieces and two nephews keep her on her feet.
Mooney has a message to young girls and women thinking about doing what she just did.
“Being a firefighter isn’t just a man’s job,” Mooney said. “You know, women can do it too.”
She didn’t participate in the Explorer Program as a high school student, but wishes she would have. The Greenbush Fire Department offers this program, one giving local junior and senior boys and girls some real-life firefighting experiences.
Now, Mooney just looks forward to this opportunity to serve her community— to respond those fire siren calls in an instant— and encourages other interested women to do the same.
“Young girls that are doing the Explorer Program, if they do find the interest in it, (I encourage them) to keep going with it,” Mooney said, “join the fire department, and just kind of keep that trail moving.”
To see the complete story, read the February 24 issue of The Tribune in print or online.


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Wages And Hours
Convention no. 158 of the International Labour Organization states that an employee “can’t be fired without any legitimate motive” and “before providing him the possibility to defend himself”. Thus, on April 28, 2006, after the unofficial repeal of the French First Employment Contract, the Longjumeau conseil des prud’hommes judged the New Employment Contract contrary to international law and subsequently “illegitimate” and “with none juridical worth”.
Some labour legislation explicitly bans such activity, none explicitly allows it. Child labour was not seen as a problem throughout most of historical past, only disputed with the start of common schooling and the ideas of labourers’ and children’s rights. In England and Scotland in 1788, about two-thirds of individuals working in water-powered textile factories had been youngsters. Child labour may be manufacturing facility work, mining or quarrying, agriculture, serving to in the mother and father’ enterprise, operating a small business , or doing odd jobs. Children work as guides for vacationers, sometimes mixed with bringing in enterprise for retailers and restaurants . However, rather than in factories and sweatshops, most baby labour in the twenty-first century happens in the casual sector, “selling on the street, at work in agriculture or hidden away in homes– removed from the attain of official inspectors and from media scrutiny.”
A collective contract shall be concluded by the commerce union on behalf of the employees and staff with the enterprise; in an enterprise the place the commerce union has not but been arrange, such contract shall be concluded by the representatives elected by the staff and staff with the enterprise. Article 28Where an using unit cancelled its labour contracts in accordance with the stipulations in Article 24, Article 26 and Article 27 of this Law, it shall make economic compensations in accordance with the related provisions of the State. Article 24A labour contract may be cancelled by settlement reached between the events by way of session. Article 22The events to a labour contract may stipulate in the labour contract matters concerning maintaining enterprise secrets of the using unit. Where a labourer has labored in the identical employing unit for ten consecutive years or more and each events agree to increase the time period of the labour contract, if the labourer requests the conclusion of a labour contract with a non-fastened term, a labour contract with a non-fixed time period shall be concluded.
Individual Labour Legislation
Article 11Local individuals’s governments at varied ranges shall take measures, by developing employment agencies of varied varieties, to offer employment providers. The State shall assist labourers to attain employment by organizing themselves on a voluntary foundation or by partaking in particular person companies. Article 10The State shall create conditions for employment and enhance opportunities therefore by the use of promotion of financial and social improvement.
This may embody reinstatement of targeted tariffs against the offender. As one of the only international organizations with actual enforcement power through trade sanctions, the WTO has been the target for calls by labour attorneys to incorporate world requirements of the International Labour Organization.

domain: law


Sony have announced that they are releasing the VAIO EB, EA and EC series of laptops with new configuration options, more specifically CPUs and graphics. They have also reintroduced the purple color configuration which has proved popular among many. Specs wise, the laptops will be available with Intel’s latest CPUs, the 2.66GHz Ci5-580 and the 2.53GHz Ci5-460M. A 2GHz Pentium Processor option has also been added for those looking for a more affordable option. Both the EA and EB series will also have the option of a 1GB graphics card, which the EC models already have. Another change for the EB series and one for the EC range, is that you can have add a HD display and is a free upgrade for a limited time on new customized EB and EC laptops. The offer will expire on October 9th.
Posted by sheva on Jun 9, 2010 in News, Sony Desktops | 0 comments
Sony has unveiled its latest stylish, compact, touch-enabled machine- the VAIO J. It is touted as an affordable, all in one PC loaded with the latest technology.
It features a 21.5 inch, 1920×1080 widescreen panel with high definition display. A few models are equipped with a Blu-ray Disc optical drive which enables 1080p high definition display. It has an in-built 802.11 b/g/n Wi- Fi system and built-in webcam with face tracking technology. The VAIO J also includes a wireless keyboard and mouse that can be stored under the unit’s display
The PC is powered by a 2.66GHz Intel Core i7-620M processor and comes loaded with the Windows 7 Home Premium or Professional 64-bit operating system. The NVIDIA GeForce series graphic card with 512 vRAM is optional. It can have up to 8 GB of RAM and also has a 7,200rpm 500GB hard drive.
Back in 2004, Sony introduced the VAIO M desktop (pictured above) to Europe and Japan and now, Sony are working on a VAIO M notebook line. At the moment, hardly any information is known. We don’t know how far along Sony are with the VAIO M notebooks, or any of the specs. We do however know what the model numbers are. Based on the model numbers, it looks like whatever specs the laptop does have, it will be available in both white and black. The model numbers we have are VPX-M111AX/W and VPC-M111AX/B.
Posted by admin on Sep 8, 2009 in Blu-ray, News, Sony Audio, Sony Bravia, Sony Cameras, Sony Desktops, Sony Electronics, Sony Ericsson Phones, Sony Gaming, Sony Home Theatre, Sony Laptops, Sony Televisions | 0 comments
SonyBrands turns one today, August 8th 2009. The site was started based on our love for Sony products and it hasn’t stopped. We’ve gone from strength to strength with more readers every month. Happy Birthday SonyBrands.com
Sony Vaio JS Series
Ever since it was invented for home use, the desktop personal computers have become a vital household appliance. It is used in almost every home and it has revolutionized the way we work, research and play. Having a good desktop personal computer for home or in the office is as important as having an air conditioning unit in a heat wave. Either completing tasks for school or creating a presentation for work and even playing to unwind the stress that comes along with the other two, the personal computer can do it. Today, bigger, faster and better personal computers are demanded to coup with the fast advancement of technology. And with the VAIO JS series desktop PC from Sony, the wait is over. It is a desktop computer designed to give you a powerful tool with aesthetics.


I am looking for a completely new design and some technical enhancements to an existing web-site built with CakePHP. New design will include both the look and feel of the site as well as some informative icons, etc.
In addition to the design some technical enhancements have to be done also. More exact information is in the attached file. Website itself is available on: [url removed, login to view]~interest/tid/. Currently the site is not in English, but we will translate it shortly as the end product will be in English.
Please include links to your previous design-work when bidding.
11 pekerja bebas membida secara purata $643 untuk pekerjaan ini
Hi, We are a web development firm , providing web based solutions . We have successfully executed projects and understand that given a chance , we can offer you a comprehensive solution . Regards shanti


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Action Cycle: What is it?
- The PYP action cycle occurs when meaningful action from students takes place as a result of the learning process.
- Ideally, this action comes from the students themselves. It can be initiated by a teacher who creates opportunities that lend themselves to student-initiated action.
- The Exhibition is a prime example of student-initiated action on a large scale.
What does action look like?
- Action projects are voluntary, student-initiated activities that stem from a genuine concern and a desire to make a positive difference.
- Action might take the form of sharing new knowledge with others in order to increase others' awareness of important issues, or it may be a project in response to the needs of a particular community-locally or globally.
- Effective action does not need to be grandiose. It can begin at the most immediate and basic level: with the self; within the family; within the classroom, the hallways, and the playground.
How do we teach students to take action?
- By going through the three steps of choosing, acting, and then reflecting back upon the results of their choice, students are able to grow socially and personally, developing skills such as cooperation, problem solving, conflict resolution, and critical thinking.

domain: sociology


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For thousands of refugees, the chance to come to Canada is a dream, but for far too many who are already here, their situation has grown dangerously desperate.
A Palestinian refugee stabbed herself in the stomach, just below the ribcage, last week while in a meeting with a federal government official with Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).
Sitting on a park bench, a day after being released from hospital, Aziz Abusirdana tells CTV News, “I put a knife in my body because no one cares. Seriously no one cares.”
For seven months she’s been stuck, living in a refugee hotel west of Toronto. She says she never intended to kill herself, but decided to stab herself in the stomach to try and get the attention of the federal government and the settlement agency which, for more than half a year, hasn’t been able to assist her in finding what she believes would be a safe place to live.
Abusirdana believes the government has failed her. Exasperated, she says, “If you [the government] know that there’s no suitable place for me to stay why did you accept me to come [to Canada]?”
Raised in Gaza, Abusirdana’s young life has been filled with trauma. She claims her own father and grandfather back home in Palestine have threatened to find her and kill her. The 22-year-old left home and was on a scholarship from an Algerian university, but says she had to drop out and flee to Canada amid fears that her own family was tracking her down with plans to murder her.
Publicly, she doesn’t share what led to her situation with her father and grandfather, but the incident has left her traumatized, alone and isolated in a new country, and unable to trust anyone. Her request for housing is straight forward: her own bedroom and bathroom with a lock on each door. And she can’t live in a shared space with men.
She says she’s been shown nothing but inadequate apartments. Sometimes she’s been shown the same place twice. The $1,100 a month she receives from the government will run out in five months, and having enough money to feed herself and put a roof over her head in Toronto’s red hot rental market, has limited her options.
Abusirdana says she even travelled to Ottawa to try and speak to Immigration Canada, but the trip resolved nothing.
“I was suffering in Palestine, I was suffering in Algeria, I didn’t think I’d suffer here in Canada,” admits the distraught woman.
CTV News asked Abusirdana if she was offered a therapist or psychologist to sit down with after arriving in Canada. She says no, the only option presented was to pay $150 per session out of pocket, which she couldn’t afford.
Abusirdana is the second refugee in a month to harm themselves at the same refugee hotel. In mid-October, a father from Afghanistan decided to sew his lips together in protest.
He and his family of eight had been living in the hotel waiting for the government to deliver their paperwork for more than 12 months. A couple of weeks after he took the drastic step the federal government signed, sealed and sent his family their papers.
One advocate is concerned that more and more refugees are going to harm themselves in a desperate cry for help.
“This is what I’m worried about,” says refugee advocate Mona Elshayal. “It’s taking too long for people to find housing, and they really don’t have any hope. After months in a hotel with nowhere to go their mental health is rapidly deteriorating.”
These disturbing developments come as Canada’s Minister of Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada Sean Fraser announced his government’s plan to plow forward with its “ambitious” target to bring 40,000 refugees to Canada from Afghanistan. So far they’ve brought over more than half of their targeted goal.
At a press conference this week in Toronto Fraser proclaimed, “We’re going to continue to lead the world when it comes to refugee resettlement. In each of the past three years Canada has resettled more refugees than anywhere else in the world. In fact, Canada was responsible for more than one-third of the total number of refugees that were resettled in each of the last two years.”
But many newcomers who’ve spoken with CTV News over the last several months say that you can’t call it resettlement when you’ve left a large number of refugees stranded at a hotel on Canadian soil for six to 12 months, with no home and no papers, unable to work, go to school, or pay taxes.
As an advocate, Elshayal says she supports Canada’s efforts to bring refugees here, but not if they’re being “re-traumatized” by a “broken system.”
Elshayal believes “the program needs to be re-evaluated, they should consider taking the families to smaller communities where they would have the support and ability to live on the financial assistance that’s given to them. We need to provide mental health support because every single one of them needs its.”
The long-time advocate also points the blame at the agencies hired by the federal government to resettle newcomers.
An organization called Polycultural has been put in charge at Abuirdana’s hotel west of Toronto. Multiple CTV News investigations have uncovered several reported issues with how Polycultural has been handling the refugees in its care at this location.
The resettlement agency’s executive director, Marwan Ismail, was also at the meeting with a manager from the IRCC when Abuirdana stabbed herself in the abdomen last week.
In an email, Ismail told CTV News, “We were shocked and saddened at what happened during our meeting with Aziza last week. Since then, we have scheduled a follow-up meeting with her to offer mental health support while we continue working to find her a suitable home.”
Advocate Elshayal was also at the meeting, after Abuirdana requested she attend.
“She (Aziza Abuirdana) stood up during the meeting, she got very frustrated. I tried to talk to her, but she looked away and said something under her breath, then she took the knife out of her pocket and plunged it into her stomach.”
Continuing her recollection, Elshayal said, “She fell to the ground; I immediately went down and looked for something to put pressure on the wound and I asked the person from Polycultural to call 911.
“I could sense that every time we met that she was getting more and more frustrated. I’ve spoken with Polycultural and the IRCC about the mental health situation in the hotel.”
Doctors have told Abuirdana she’s fortunate that the knife didn’t go deeper into her stomach. The 22-year-old says she has the same hopes and dreams of anyone her age.
“I’d like to complete my education. I want to work and have a nice job, and have the chance to live a life. I deserve a chance to life but right now there’s nothing.”
If you or someone you know is in crisis, here are some resources that are available.
Canada Suicide Prevention Helpline (1-833-456-4566)
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (1 800 463-2338)
Crisis Services Canada (1-833-456-4566 or text 45645)
Kids Help Phone (1-800-668-6868)
If you need immediate assistance call 911 or go to the nearest hospital.


Oaktree Products Inc, St Louis, offers the the UniVox DLS-50, a compact yet powerful loop amplifier enabling wireless listening for t-coil equipped hearing instrument wearers.
The amplifier can be connected to any stereo, TV, MP3, microphone, or audio device the user wishes to hear more clearly.
The loop wire is installed around the perimeter of the room and will magnetically transmit sound directly to the t-coil of hearing instruments without the need for additional receivers or headsets.
The UniVox amplifier system is also available with loop pad for placement on a chair or sofa.
For more information, visit the Web site or call (800) 347-1960.


Sweden played Croatia at the Group Stage of Uefa Nations League A on November 14. The match kicked off 19:45 UTC. Sweden won 2-1.
Dejan Kulusevski scored the first goal on the 36th minute of the game followed by goals from Marcus Danielson, who made the final score 2-1.
ScoreBat is covering Sweden vs Croatia in real time, providing the live stream and live score of the match, team line-ups, full match stats, live match commentary and official video highlights. We cover all matches of Uefa nations league a Group Stage in real time and provide live streaming whenever possible.
You can watch Sweden vs Croatia live stream here on ScoreBat when the official streaming is available. We will provide only official live stream strictly from the official channels of Uefa nations league a Group Stage, Sweden or Croatia whenever it is available. Live streaming will begin when the match is about to kick off.
Sweden represents Sweden while Croatia represents Croatia and they are playing this match of Group Stage on Saturday. Make sure to follow it live here on ScoreBat.
We only provide live streaming when we can find an official stream by the league or one of the teams. If you are unable to watch the live broadcast on this page it probably means that there are no official streamings available yet.
We are updating team formations and line-ups for Sweden - Croatia in real time.
Sweden kicked off the game with Robin Olsen, Pierre Bengtsson, Marcus Danielson, Victor Lindelof, Mikael Lustig, Emil Forsberg, Albin Ekdal, Kristoffer Olsson, Sebastian Larsson, Dejan Kulusevski and Marcus Berg as starters, with Jens-Lys Cajuste, Viktor Claesson, Filip Helander, Aleksander Isak, Karl-Johan Johnsson, Emil Krafth, Kristoffer Nordfeldt, Martin Olsson, Robin Quaison, Ken Sema, Mattias Svanberg and Gustav Svensson on the bench.
Croatia's starting eleven were Dominik Livakovic, Borna Barisic, Duje Caleta-Car, Marin Pongracic, Filip Uremovic, Mateo Kovacic, Luka Modric, Ivan Perisic, Nikola Vlasic, Josip Brekalo and Ante Budimir, with Milan Badelj, Toma Basic, Domagoj Bradaric, Antonio Colak, Ivo Grbic, Josip Juranovic, Dario Melnjak, Mislav Orsic, Mario Pasalic, Bruno Petkovic, Marko Rog and Simon Sluga on the bench.
Referee showed the yellow card 3 times throughout the game. Duje Caleta-Car, Josip Brekalo and Albin Ekdal were the ones to receive it.
Explore stats from Sweden vs Croatia on ScoreBat - we are updating the numbers on this page every second of the game.
Sweden and Croatia have met once since October 2020. Croatia have won that match. The most recent match between them took place on October 11, 2020 at the Group Stage of Uefa Nations League A where Croatia won 2-1. Sweden have scored 1 goal in these 1 head-to-head match in total while Croatia have scored 2. So, overall, Croatia have a better head-to-head record against Sweden in their recent history.
Sweden are on a losing streak - they have lost to Denmark, Portugal and Croatia in their previous 3 matches while Croatia have played a draw with Turkey in their previous match. Overall, Sweden have won 10 of their last 20 matches, losing 6 and drawing 4, while Croatia have won 9 of their last 20 matches, losing 7 and drawing 4. In their most recent 6 matches Sweden have won once (1-2 against Russia on 8th of October) and lost 5 times (2-0 against Denmark on 11th of November, 3-0 against Portugal on 14th of October, 2-1 against Croatia on 11th of October, 0-2 against Portugal on 8th of September and 0-1 against France on 5th of September). In their most recent 6 matches Croatia have won twice (2-1 against Sweden on 11th of October and 1-2 against Switzerland on 7th of October), lost 3 times (1-2 against France on 14th of October, 4-2 against France on 8th of September and 4-1 against Portugal on 5th of September) and drew once (3-3 against Turkey on 11th of November).
We are adding goal videos and full video highlights of the match between Sweden and Croatia in real time. You can watch the goals by Dejan Kulusevski and Marcus Danielson as the videos of the goals are added usually minutes after the actual event if there are any official videos available. Full video highlights of Sweden - Croatia are being added as they become available on the official social media channels of the league or the teams.