I get it; I am supposed to be reviewing albums but I couldn’t pass this up. Think of this as less of a review and more of a conversation piece. Foo Fighters were coming onto the scene when I was in 4th or 5th grade. These were the days of Carson Daly and TRL, with MTV still a channel that promoted music. I saw an interview with Dave Grohl about how Foo Fighters came to be. He fielded a lot of questions about Kurt Cobain, moving on from Nirvana, and switching from drums to the front of the band. Then, he grabbed an acoustic guitar and played This Is a Call, the band’s first single. I remember thinking that this man could do absolutely anything.
Fast forward to 2012. Foo Fighters won the Grammy for best Hard Rock/Metal Performance for White Limo. They were nominated against Megadeth, Mastodon, and Dream Theater who were celebrating big releases — but somehow, some way, Dave Grohl was the one on stage giving a speech about his metal song. I remember a lot of people were very unhappy about this. How could the same band that had catchy, almost poppy songs like Learn to Fly and made music videos that featured Tenacious D in comedy sketches win a Grammy for metal? I mean, wasn’t White Limo on the same album as Walk — which spent time at the top of the pop charts?
And now we have Run. This is my favorite kind of song. It starts slow and quiet, with a slow build reminiscent of Foo Fighters classics like The Pretender. And then it blows up. Heavy cymbals, guitars and bass in syncopation, grinding on rhythms slightly out of key, and screaming vocals. It is hard, it is fast, it is heavy. This song rocks. In true Foo Fighters fashion, they released a music video that continues the trend of not taking themselves too seriously. And in typical Foo Fighters fashion, people are talking about it.
Dave Grohl is my favorite musician, for a lot of reasons. I have seen Foo Fighters 7 times — each time they play for around 3 hours. Dave screams and plays his guitar until his fingers bleed. And each time I see them the set gets longer. But every time they hit Everlong to close the show, he sounds as good as he did hours ago. Dave has been in several projects, including Nirvana’s generation defining grunge, classic/alternative rock with Them Crooked Vultures (which is one of the most talented group of musicians I can think of), and has even recorded an EP that can be classified as country with the Zac Brown Band. My point is that this guy has been involved in a wide variety of solid music, and has never really cared what his music has been classified. He just wants to make amazing music. I won’t call Foo Fighters a metal band; but I won’t be surprised if Run follows in the footsteps of White Limo.
What do you think, Spinning Thoughts? Are we too quick to dismiss music for what it is, based on genre and perception?
JBone — Hard Rock/Metal Contributor. Follow Jay on Twitter: @JBoneBass


Yours Truly, Angry Mob
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Few in British indie pop have the charisma of Kaiser Chiefs' singer Ricky Wilson. The leader of this precocious quintet from Leeds, Wilson said as a youngster that he would not go to the Glastonbury Festival until he was on stage. Wilson led his band to the main stage two years ago on the back of their triumphant debut Employment, which shifted almost 3 million copies.So, to the notoriously difficult second album. That the band's influences (Madness, Blur, Pulp, the Smiths) are still transparent is not a bad thing. The first single Ruby and the likely hit Thank You Very Much are evidence. Yet it's Everything Is Average Nowadays that is the album highlight. Wilson's descriptive, introspective lyrics with a social conscience come to the fore. And there are swipes at the shallowness of pop culture.Kaiser Chiefs dodge the "second album syndrome" bullet. This is the standard version.
If your previous album was a slow-burning success story, it can be hard to be expected to hit the ground running on the follow-up. Fortunately, the Kaiser Chiefs have done just that on the fantastically titled Yours Truly, Angry Mob. Like Employment, their debut and this album's predecessor, Yours Truly... is full of radio-friendly, hook-ridden tunes that mask cunningly subversive lyrics. The Kaiser Chiefs are very much a Britpop band, which is probably why "Highroyds" opening couplet--"I remember nights out when we were young/They weren't very good, they were rubbish"--sounds like something Jarvis Cocker would sing while being backed by the boys from Blur. And it's this lyrical sentiment that's carried throughout the album, much of which is satire wrapped up in potential singles. Best of all, and a perfect example of this, is "The Angry Mob," sure to be shouted along to by exactly the people it's targeting. It's the rare band that can mock and judge its audience and still be loved by them, but that's exactly what the Kaiser Chiefs have done on Yours Truly, Angry Mob. --Ted Kord
Top Customer Reviews
First single "Ruby" is one of the ones you'll remember, especially if your name happens to be Ruby. The song has already become the band's biggest single to date, due to the cool intro and beat, but other than a lot of "da da daaas" and "ahaa, ahaa ahaas", and of course "Ruby, Ruby, Ruby, Rubys", there isn't a lot going for the song lyrically.
Second single "Everything is Average Nowadays" is another upbeat song, but there are better on the album. A track to note is "The Angry Mob", which although is actually an attack on the press, has a chorus that will stick in your head forever:
"We are the angry mob
We read the papers everyday day
We like who we like
We hate who we hate
But we're also easily swayed"
The others are "Heat Dies Down" - another great chorus; "Highroyds"; the slower paced "Love's Not a Competition (But I'm Winning)"; and the quirky "My Kind of Guy" (I like this one)
Kaiser Chiefs may have gone pop on this album, but the carefully baited hooks will have you coming back for more.
Most Helpful Customer Reviews on Amazon.com (beta)
Opening the disc is the uncharacteristic mellow and melodic straight ahead love song "Ruby", the lead off single, which gave them their first UK #1. Following is "The angry mob" whose sing-a-long chorus comes after a tempo shift towards the end of the track.
"Heat dies down" is a catchy, sunny and upbeat song with a terrific guitar riff, sounding not unlike something Franz Ferdinand would do. In a similar vein is the choppy "Learnt my lesson well" with sunny sounding harmonies.
Returning to the Kaiser Chiefs we all know and love, cheeky and rebellious sounding ("Everyday I love you less & less" & "I predict a riot" anyone?) are "Highroyds", "Thank you very much", the buddy song "My kind of guy", the punk feel of "Everything is average nowadays" (the album's second single), the defiant "I can do it without you", the latter displaying their acerbic wit to the full.
Slowing things down, we get the tender acoustic "Love's not a competition (but I'm winning)", the brief piano ballad "Boxing champ", and "Try your best".
Closing is the delightful Smiths-like "Retirement", (I want to get by without the man on my back, they sing) a song we all wish we could sing. Ah!!
There are plenty of hooks to be found on "Ruby", "The Angry Mob", "Heat Dies Down", "Highroyds", "Thank You Very Much", "My Kind Of Guy", "Everything Is Average Nowadays" and "Retirement". The album is also peppered with clever observations and ironic anecdotes.
Overall, I'd give this cd 3.5 stars, as it's not as good as their debut. The sticker on the front of the cellophane said something like, "One of the Top 25 most anticipated albums of 2007". I guess not, according to its first week of sales in Billboard magazine the album only sold a paltry 17,000 copies and landed something like a 47 placement in the hot 200 albums chart, not even cracking the top 40. British music isn't always well received in America (though I prefer it to American music), and the band is obviously more successful overseas.
If you liked their first album, you will most likely like their second.


text: In the last few years, decriminalizing cannabis and legalizing marijuana has gained momentum in a number of states throughout the country. In 2020, voters in both Arizona and New Jersey passed a law to legalize marijuana in their state. Such legalization has implications on our health, social and economic fabric of society. In 200-300 words, what are the pros and cons of legalizing marijuana in New Jersey? Please focus on objective views, not your own personal views to the legalization of marijuana in New Jersey.

domain: geography


text:
Using the DART Rail Red Line For A Local
IntroductionToday, I decided to just ride the Dart Red Line up to downtown Plano, Texas and take notes on what I saw while sitting in the train. There seems to be a lot random thoughts in my head when I sit down. The photos refer to the standout memories of my journeys. I will add more information to this article since I keep riding DART. If I have written an article about a stop, I will place a link to that HubPages article at the end of the paragraph.
There are certain building which I think are worth visiting if you are into architecture. At those buildings, I listed the architect responsible in parenthesis. I have added a few links to the DART site at the end of this article, because I have not covered everything DART has to offer.
DART has four lines: The Red Line, The Green Line, The Blue Line, and the Orange Line. The station attendants do not give out change, as far as I know. I have not seen change machines present.
When you but you ticket, check to see if it has a date stamped on it. The day tickets should have a stamp but some of the others need to be validated before you ride the train.
The ticket machines located at the stations do accept major credit cards.
Johndnathan wrote an excellent article that is a great guide for people who are riding for the first time. I would really recommend reading it if you have some questions about what to do.
How to Ride the DART: An Easy and Comprehensive Guide for Tourists
A handy helpful guide for tourists planning to explore Dallas using Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART). It's also a good resource for locals apprehensive about trying out our system.
Public ArtClick thumbnail to view full size
See all 14 photos
This is a great clock. It is close to Tachito's and a Donut Shop. There is a shopping center across the street with some small eating establishments and some chain stores. Check out my article on Tachitos. You can find links to my articles about specific places towards the end of this articleThis stop has commuter parking; but, there are no commercial establishments close to this station. It is a busy station, popular with both commuters and neighbors. If you waiting for a train at this station, take advantage of the air conditioned waiting area. There is an attendant on duty at this station.
If you are a Fan of Stevie Ray Vaughn, then this stop should interest you. There are some paving bricks that have some verse carved into them. The verses were written by Stevie Ray Vaughn and his brother Jimmie. They grew up in Oak Cliff and went to Kimball High School just before he started his music career in Austin.
No commuter parking at this stop. It is strictly a neighborhood stop.
On the way to the next stop, I can see an old bridge support still standing. There is something special about it. It's sort of a memory of NFL Jerseys 2015 the old bridge that was there. Aldo Rossi called these type of ruins the bones of the city
The train stops at the front door of the Dallas Zoo. It is the best way to get there. You don't have to put up with traffic. The Santa Fe Trestle Trail is a park on the Trinity River Bottom that incorporates portions of the old trestle bridges for the Santa Fe Line. It is popular with nature lovers, walkers, and people with kayaks. There is access to the river. Probably better to drive if your going to kayak.
On the way to the next stop, there is an excellent view cheap nfl jerseys of the downtown skyline and the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge Designed by Santiago Calatrava.
I could not see anything from the train, except some of the public art that DART commisioned. On the way to the next station, I can see a Gloco Gas Station. One of the old Art Deco Stations is still standing! It looks like it's for sale. Good, the developers did not tear them all down.
The first thing that catches your at this stop is the Dallas landmark Reunion Tower, which is a part of the Hyatt Regency. This is a very spectacular view. Union Station is a restored train station which was designed in the Beaus Arts Style. The DART website indicates a tunnel access to Reunion Tower and the Hyatt Regency. It is not obvious from the train, so check with the station monitor. The Rail lines to Fort Worth and Irving are here. That's a whole different series of articles. There are other hotels nearby, as well a some places to eat. There is also some great public art, if you do not mind walking a block or two. It is by far the most consistently crowded stop on the line. It is near the 6thFloor Museum, Kennedy Memorial, the World Aquarium, El Centro College, and a wide variety of restaurants. Older architectural styles dominate, until the next stop The Old Spaghetti Warehouse is one of my childhood favorites. I have a couple of articles about this area.

domain: hobby


text:
Is the following legal?
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Is the following legal?
I work in Pittsburgh, Pa. at Mosebach Manufacturing as a QC Supervisor. Yesterday
at 930am I asked for FMLA paperwork because I am going to need to get some
testing and maybe surgery done. At 230 pm yesterday, I was laid off. I am a
salary worker and middle of the road in seniority in my department. Nobody else
was laid off. Also, it seemed odd I got laid off on a Monday when I get paid for
the entire week regardless. I just wanted to know if I had just cause for legal
Asked on June 1, 2016 under Employment Labor Law, Pennsylvania
SJZ, Member, New York Bar / FreeAdvice Contributing Attorney
Answered 7 years ago | Contributor
You very likely have a case for illegal retaliation against you for using your FMLA rights. An employee *may* be laid off after requesting FMLA leave, IF the lay off can be proven to have been in the works before hand and to be supported by non-FMLA reasons, such as business reduction or downturn...but the situation you describe, of one, mid-seniority employee being laid off without warning the day he/she asked for FMLA leave makes it very unlikely that the company could establish a valid, non-FMLA reason for the layoff. Similarly, an employee could be terminated after requesting FMLA paperwork if there was some documented problem or issue (e.g. absenteeism, sexually harassing other employees, documented poor performance, etc.) and the termination was also in the works ahead of time--an employee can't use FMLA to short-circuit an otherwise valid termination. But again, that would not seem to be the case here, because you do not write about any significant work-related issues.
Based on what you write, you should contact the federal or state department of labor to file a FMLA retaliation complaint.
IMPORTANT NOTICE: The Answer(s) provided above are for general information only. The attorney providing the answer was not serving as the attorney for the person submitting the question or in any attorney-client relationship with such person. Laws may vary from state to state, and sometimes change. Tiny variations in the facts, or a fact not set forth in a question, often can change a legal outcome or an attorney's conclusion. Although AttorneyPages.com has verified the attorney was admitted to practice law in at least one jurisdiction, he or she may not be authorized to practice law in the jurisdiction referred to in the question, nor is he or she necessarily experienced in the area of the law involved. Unlike the information in the Answer(s) above, upon which you should NOT rely, for personal advice you can rely upon we suggest you retain an attorney to represent you.

domain: law


SBUV/2 ProductsEntry ID: gov.noaa.class.SBUV
Abstract: ABSTRACT: The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer-2 (SBUV/2) is an operational remote sensor designed to map, on a global scale, total ozone concentrations and the vertical distribution of ozone in the earth's atmosphere. The 1b Capture Data Set contains (1) all SBUV/2 sensor data and support data necessary for the derivation of atmospheric ozone and solar flux; (2) instrument in-flight ... calibration data and housekeeping functions for monitoring post-launch instrument changes; and (3) prelaunch calibration factors, and computed current-day instrument calibration and albedo correction factors to adjust the ozone algorithm for actual instrument performance.The Product Master File (PMF) contains ozone information located in space and time, other meteorological information developed in support of the ozone computation, parameters indicating the validity of the individual ozone retrievals, and the radiance information derived from the SBUV/2 measurements.
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: Implementation of the SBUV/2 system on the NOAA spacecraft is in response to Public Law 95-95, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, which calls for the establishment by NOAA of a continuing program of research and monitoring of the stratosphere for the purpose of early detection of stratosphere changes and the climatic effects of such changes. Dates of data availability: NOAA-9 data available Dec 1984 - Feb 1998, NOAA-11 data available Sep 1988 - May 2004, NOAA-14 data available Dec 1994 to present, NOAA-16 data available Sep 2000 - present, NOAA-17 data available Jul 2002 - present. NOAA-18 data available Aug 2005 - May 2008
CURRENTNESS REFERENCE: upon processing
SPATIAL DATA ORGANIZATION INFORMATION
Direct Spatial Reference: Raster
Fees: Electronic download (FTP) of the data is free. There is a fee for copies of data on physical media. Optical disks are $25.00 per unit and magnetic tape is $100 per unit. Price does not include additional service and handling costs.
Data Set Format:
Purpose: PURPOSE: For ozone research. Knowledge of the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric ozone is important since ozone strongly absorbs solar ultraviolet energy and prevents this harmful radiation from reaching the earth's surface.
Data Set Citation
Dataset Originator/Creator: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/OSDPD/SSD > Satellite Services Division, Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
Dataset Title: SBUV/2 Products
Dataset Release Date: 1984-12-12
Dataset Release Place: Suitland, MD
Dataset Publisher: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/OSDPD > Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
Data Presentation Form: raster digital dataOnline Resource: http://www.class.noaa.gov/nsaa/products/search?sub_id=0&datatype_fa...
Start Date: 1984-12-12
Latitude Resolution: 11.3 Decimal degrees
Longitude Resolution: 11.3 Decimal degrees
Horizontal Resolution Range: > 1000 km or > 10 degrees
ISO Topic Category
Access Constraints ACCESS CONSTRAINTS: None
DISTRIBUTION LIABILITY: Disclaimer - While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
Use Constraints Please reference NOAA/NESDIS if you use this data in publication.
Data Set Progress
Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone: (301) 763-8142 x145
Fax: (301) 899-9196
Email: Donna.McNamara at noaa.gov
5200 Auth Rd., Room 510
City: Camp Springs
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20746
Role: DIF AUTHOR
Phone: (303) 497-5099
Fax: (303) 497-6513
Email: Anna.Milan at noaa.gov
325 Broadway, Mail Code E/GC4
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80305-3328
Extended Metadata Properties
(Click to view more)
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date: 2009-09-10
Last DIF Revision Date: 2011-11-02


text:
Everlasting Moments (2009)
- Studio: IFC Films
- Release: March 6, 2009
- Director: Jan Troell
- Writer: Jan Troell, Niklas Rådström
- Cast: Maria Heiskanen, Jesper Christensen, Mikael Persbrandt, Gita Norby
Video archive for the film Everlasting Moments, which has a domestic theatrical release in the year of 2009. There are currently five videos available for the film, of which one and only one is a trailer, as listed below. Happy viewing!

domain: entertainment


text:
The visit comes as part of intensive campaigning by the Khalifa Foundation in Kismayo, Hargeisa and Baladweyn, in response to a relief appeal launched by international organizations to meet the needs of those affected by the famine in northern Somalia.
A delegation from the Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Foundation for Humanitarian Works visited the historic Warsangeli of Puntland State of Somalia to assess the humanitarian situation in order to provide assistance to those affected by the drought.
The delegation, headed by Mohammed Khalifa, was warmly welcomed by officials of the Puntland State government and prominent local figures, led by Sultan of Warsangeli, Sultan Saeed, the leader of the Warsangeli tribe, which is widely spread throughout the region.
“This visit has the good effect of strengthening brotherly relations between the UAE and Somali people and assessing the humanitarian situation in drought-affected areas,” said the head of the UAE delegation. “We came to extend a helping hand to our Somali brothers and brothers, in this particular circumstance.”
After talks with the local dignitaries, the head of the UAE delegation expressed his happiness with the visit, hoping to strengthen the spirit of brotherhood and motivate more efforts for the benefit of the brothers in the state of Puntland.
The visit comes as part of intensive campaigns by the Khalifa Foundation in Kismayo, Hargeisa and Baladweyn, in response to a relief appeal launched by international organizations to address the needs of those affected by the famine in northern Somalia.
It is noteworthy that the Sultanate of Warsangeli of the Darood tribe of Somalia are of Arab origin, and have ruled the region between 1218 and 1886, before the arrival of the British, who then occupied the territory.


text:
The VA Office of Inspector General released its report on mismanagement and the backlog of cases at the Philadelphia VA Regional Office (VARO).
Representative Charlie Dent (PA-15) responded to the contents of the report with the following statement:
“This report affirms the reprehensible and utterly disturbing allegations that have clearly plagued the Philadelphia VARO for far too long. The VA Office of Inspector General’s (VA OIG) findings read like a case-study of what not to do when it comes to providing essential services to our veterans, maintaining the trust of the public, and creating an environment that deals with its problems proactively and transparently. The degree of gross mismanagement, lack of accountability, and fear of reprisal that has evidently become ingrained in the culture of the Philly VARO exemplifies an appalling disregard for the real-life consequences unnecessarily suffered by thousands of our veterans.
“I commend the VA OIG for the thorough, sound investigation they conducted into these matters and appreciate the recommendations that they laid out as reasonable proposals to address these issues going forward. The tragic reality is that many of these issues remain unaddressed and are not unique to the Philadelphia VARO. As Chairman of the House Appropriations Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Subcommittee, I am firmly committed to working with both the VA and the VA OIG to ensure that these findings lead to actionable, lasting reforms. Our veterans and their beneficiaries are far more than a name on a piece of mail, and they deserve much better.”
NOTE: Representative Dent serves as the Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies. During a recent hearing before the Subcommittee, Deputy Inspector General for the VA, Richard J. Griffin, highlighted the problems in Philadelphia stating, “Frankly it was a problem that just kept growing. Every time we went back there, more issues were put on our plate.” A full video of the hearing can be viewed here.

domain: politics


Patent application title: Method and Apparatus for Micromachines, Microstructures, Nanomachines and Nanostructures
Victor B. Kley (Berkeley, CA, US)
General Nanotechnology LLC
Class name: Scanning-probe techniques or apparatus; applications of scanning-probe techniques, e.g., scanning probe microscopy [spm] general aspects of spm probes, their manufacture, or their related instrumentation, insofar as they are not specially adapted to a single specific spm technique probe holders
Publication date: 2010-07-29
Patent application number: 20100192268
Patent application title: Method and Apparatus for Micromachines, Microstructures, Nanomachines and Nanostructures
Victor B. Kley
TOWNSEND AND TOWNSEND AND CREW, LLP
General Nanotechnology LLC
Origin: SAN FRANCISCO, CA US
Publication date: 07/29/2010
Patent application number: 20100192268
Parts and structures are described for micro and nano machines and the
creation of macro structures with nano and micro layers of special
materials to provide improved performance.
1. A cantilever assembly suitable for use in a scanning probe microscope
(SPM) comprising a holder and a lever extending from the holder, the
lever having a first major surface, the lever further having an end
portion distal the holder, the end portion having a recessed region
formed on the first major surface, the recessed region being suitable for
receiving an object or serving as a mount point for an object, wherein
the holder includes a major surface having at least one recessed feature
formed therein, the recessed feature having an opening that at least
partially occludes an interior region of the recessed feature.
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This Application is a Continuation Application of Ser. No. 11/842,031, filed Aug. 20, 2007, which is a Divisional Application of Ser. No. 10/981,142, filed Nov. 3, 2004, which is a Divisional Application of U.S. Pat. No. 6,813,937, issued Nov. 9, 2004, which claims priority from U.S. Application No. 60/334,181, filed Nov. 28, 2001 by Victor B. Kley for "Cantilever, Nano & Micro Parts, and Diamond Knives."
This application is related to the following seven U.S. patent applications, the disclosures of each application is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes: U.S. Pat. No. 7,196,328, issued Mar. 27, 2007 to Victor B. Kley for "Nanomachining Method and Apparatus;" U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,044, issued Aug. 2, 2005 to Victor B. Kley for "Active Cantilever for Nanomachining and Metrology;" U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/094,411, filed Mar. 7, 2002 by Victor B. Kley for "Methods and Apparatus for Nanolapping;" and U.S. Pat. No. 6,880,388, issued Apr. 19, 2005 to Victor B. Kley for "Active Cantilever for Nanomachining and Metrology."
The following U.S. patents are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes: U.S. Pat. No. 6,144,028, issued Nov. 7, 2000 to Victor B. Kley for "Scanning Probe Microscope Assembly and Method for Making Confocal, Spectrophotometric, Near-Field, and Scanning Probe Measurements and Associated Images;" U.S. Pat. No. 6,252,226, issued Jun. 26, 2001 to Victor B. Kley for "Nanometer Scale Data Storage Device and Associated Positioning System;" U.S. Pat. No. 6,337,479, issued Jan. 8, 2002 to Victor B. Kley for "Object Inspection and/or Modification System and Method;" U.S. Pat. No. 6,339,217, issued Jan. 15, 2002 to Victor B. Kley for "Scanning Probe Microscope Assembly and Method for Making Confocal, Spectrophotometric, Near-Field, and Scanning Probe Measurements and Associated Images;" U.S. Pat. No. 6,752,008 issued Jun. 22, 2004 to Victor B. Kley for "Method and Apparatus for Scanning in Scanning Probe Microscopy and Presenting Results;" U.S. Pat. No. 6,787,768 issued Sep. 7, 2004 to Victor B. Kley and Robert T. LoBianco for "Method and Apparatus for Tool and Tip Design for Nanomachining and Measurement;" and U.S. Pat. No. 6,802,646 issued Oct. 12, 2004 to Victor B. Kley for "Low Friction Moving Interfaces in Micromachines and Nanomachines."
The disclosure of the following published PCT application is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes: WO 01/03157 (International Publication Date: Jan. 11, 2001 based on PCT Application No. PCT/US00/18041, filed Jun. 30, 2000 by Victor B. Kley for "Object Inspection and/or Modification System and Method."
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
 The present invention relates to micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and to Nano Electromechanical Systems (NEMS®). In particular, the present invention is directed to forming parts and structures for micro and nano machines and the creation of macro structures with nano and micro layers of special materials to provide improved performance.
In the foregoing listed related commonly owned issued patents and pending patent applications, various methods, apparatus, and techniques have been disclosed relating to micromachining and nanomachining technology. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,044, various cantilever configurations are discussed, along with possible uses in the fabrication of very small machines. In U.S. Pat. No. 7,196,328, U.S. Pat. No. 6,787,768, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/094,411, tools and techniques for performing micro and nano scale machining operations are discussed. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,802,646, fabrication of MEMS components using diamond as a construction material to substantially eliminate stiction and friction is discussed.
The foregoing are fundamental technologies and techniques that can be used to pave the way to the world of the very small, where structures and machines are measured at micron and nanometer scales. What is needed are improvements to existing tools to facilitate their manufacture and to enhance their performance. There is a need for additional tools to facilitate the creation of ultra-small structures. Techniques and devices are needed for making very small mechanical components and machines such as micro and nano gears, bearings, journals, shafts, cutters, cams, cantilevers, pumps, simple, complex and planetary gear assemblies, latches, locks, calculators, angle drives, propellers, linear motion translators, unique diamond coatings arrangements for knifes and compensatory deformation of target surfaces to use the coating induced stress to create the final form. It is desirable to have useful nanostructures that can be fabricated by these tools which can then serve as building blocks for larger micromachines.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a new smaller and improved cantilever MEMS design in accordance with the present invention is provisioned with features to facilitate the use of cantilever scanning probe microscopy. A cantilever design in accordance with the invention also facilitates the use tools suitable for micro- and nano-scale operations. A mounting plate to overcome present manufacturing limits and improve the overall yields of cantilever assemblies useful for direct nanomachining and metrology is disclosed.
Also disclosed is a geared pump in which the components use properties of diamond and silicon to form a simple high pressure gear pump which is capable of moving fluids from a reservoir chamber to and through very narrow channels and passages. Such a pump overcomes the present limitations of silicon MEMS pumps including their inability to develop high force (pressure) to overcome the Van der Waals and surface forces that inhibit fluid flow in narrow channels and passages.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a diamond coating can be used to impart a desired shape to a substrate. Further in accordance with the invention, certain macro uses of a diamond coating can be applied to general surfaces to produces structures such as micro-scale knives.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a cantilever assembly in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, showing a perspective view and a top view;
FIGS. 1A-1C show variations of bonding channels according to the invention;
FIGS. 2 and 2A-2C show schematic representations of cantilever tip variations in accordance with the present invention;
FIGS. 3 and 3A-3C are schematic representations of variations of the cantilever according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a cantilever mounting plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is view of the mounting plate shown in FIG. 4 taken along view line 5-5;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of gear pump according to an aspect of the present invention;
FIGS. 7A-7C are additional detailed views of the gear assembly shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 illustrate the general steps for fabricating a knife edge in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 schematically illustrates the shaping of a substrate according to the invention; and
FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate different knife-edge embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view and a top view of a cantilever assembly 102. A main body 112 serves as a mounting portion of the cantilever assembly. A flexural member extending from the main body constitutes a cantilever member 104. Recessed features 106 are formed in the main body 112 and serve as bonding channels. In accordance with the invention, the surface area of the cantilever assembly is no greater than three square millimeters (3 mm2).
The recessed features facilitate mounting the cantilever assembly to an intermediate mounting plate. In a particular aspect of the invention, the recessed features can provide reliable permanent bonding of the cantilever assembly to a larger support structure. Turn to FIGS. 1A-1C for a moment. The views shown in these figures are taken along view line 1-1 in FIG. 1. These views highlight example profiles of the recessed feature 106 according to the invention. In FIG. 1A, a schematic representation of the interior surface 116 of the recessed feature represents a roughened surface. This can be formed by chemical etching or reactive ion etching (RIE) techniques. The roughened surface provides increased surface area and "nooks-and-crannies" to achieve a secure bonding. For example, adhesives or solder or other flowable bonding material can be dispensed within the recessed feature and become securely attach to the roughened surface. This bonding system provides a secure bond without requiring the bonding material be applied past the top surface 114 of the main body 112, thus avoiding interfering with the scanning probe microscopy operations.
FIG. 1B shows another variation of the recessed feature 106. This can be formed lithographically or by other known conventional techniques. The profile shows an opening into the recessed feature that has a dimension (D) smaller than an interior dimension (d) in an interior region 118 of the recessed feature. FIG. 1C shows a similar recessed feature that might have been formed using an isotropic etch process. In both cases the opening dimension (D) is smaller than an interior dimension (d). Stated more generally, in accordance with these particular embodiments of the invention, the opening 120 of the recessed feature at least partially occludes the interior region 118 of the recessed feature.
Returning now to FIG. 1 it can be seen that the recessed features 106 form a contiguous T-shape. It can be appreciated that in other embodiments, discontinuous recessed features can be formed. The particular pattern may be determined depending on the particular structure of the cantilever assembly, or the particular environment of the scanning probe microscopy system.
To complete the discussion of the detail shown in FIG. 1, a lever arm 104 extends from the main body 112. This structure is a flexible member and constitutes the cantilever of the cantilever assembly 102. In one embodiment of the invention, the cantilever is integral with the main body. For example, the cantilever assembly can be fabricated from a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. The cantilever 104 can be a lithographically defined structure. It can be appreciated, however, that the cantilever can be a separately fabricated member that is subsequently attached to the main body during manufacture.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a cantilever 104 in accordance with an aspect of the invention. A recessed region 202 is formed into a major surface 214a of the cantilever in an end portion of the cantilever distal the main body 112. The recessed region can be used to as a receptacle or mount point for receiving a secondary object. As can be seen in the profile view of FIG. 2A, for example, the recessed region is shown as a bowl-shaped recess. However, such shape is not necessary. The recess can be formed to take on a shape that is suitable for a particular implementation.
The recessed region illustrated in FIG. 2 is shown with a circular-shaped outline. However, it can be appreciated that other outline shapes might be more suitable for attachment of a secondary object. The shape can be a substantially continuous form; e.g., elliptical, ovoid, etc. The shape can be triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, and in general any regular or irregular polygonal shape.
To facilitate the attachment of a secondary object, one or more alignment features can be formed on the surface 214a. For example, FIG. 2 shows four such alignment features 204a-204d, though additional or fewer features can be provided if appropriate. The side views shown in FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate that the features can be recessed features or raised features. For example, FIG. 2A shows that the features 204b-204d are raised surface features. These can be formed, for example, by properly masking the surface of the cantilever 104 and etching away a layer of the surface, leaving only the raised features 204b-204d and revealing the surface 214a. FIG. 2B shows that the alignment features 204b-204d can be recessed features. FIG. 2C shows a mixture of raised features 204b, 204d, and recessed features 204c, illustrating that any combination of raised or recessed alignment features can be formed, if needed. FIG. 2C also shows a suitably formed through hole 222 which can further facilitate attachment of a secondary object.
FIG. 3 shows a cantilever exemplar according to another aspect of the present invention. The cantilever 104 may have a series of etched through passages sufficiently large to ventilate the cantilever and thus permit easy flow of air or other gases through the cantilever. One or more perforations 302 or openings can be formed through the cantilever. The number, size, shape, and arrangement of openings can vary, depending on the requirements. For example, increasing the air flow by use of this ventilation scheme can reduce the total air resistance can and thus improve the Q or signal to noise ratio of the cantilever when used in resonant SPM scan such as non-contact scanning, intermittent contact scanning, or tapping mode scanning operations. Openings can be used to attain a desired flexibility (spring constant) in the cantilever. The openings may serve to reduce the mass of the cantilever, and so on. This cantilever design can improve signal to noise when certain Scanning Probe Microscopy methods are used in conjunction with the cantilever such as resonant non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy, Lateral Force Microscopy, and Magnetic Force Microscopy.
FIG. 3A shows an opening formed through the major surfaces 214a and 214b of the cantilever. FIG. 3B shows that the first opening 302' can be out of alignment with respect to the second opening 302'', if a particular need requires for such a configuration.
Incidentally, FIG. 3A shows another mixed combination of raised and recessed alignment features 204b-204d.
Perforations 302 can be formed such that the cantilever possesses a lattice structure. FIG. 3C shows various cantilever structures 104a, 104b, 104c having varying patterns of openings 312, 322, 332, respectively. These cantilever exemplars illustrate that any pattern of perforations can be provided to accommodate particular structural or operating characteristics of the cantilever.
Incidentally, FIG. 3C shows alternative configurations of recessed regions and alignment features. Recessed regions 302 can be any shape; for example, the figure shows a elongate shaped recessed region and a diamond shaped recessed region. The recessed region can be off-center or not. The figure shows a square-shaped through hole 322 as an example. The alignment features 322 can be asymmetrically arranged, or may not even be required. It can be appreciated from the various illustrated exemplars any configuration of recessed regions and alignment features can be provided to accommodate a particular application.
Cantilever assemblies 102 can be fabricated on different sized wafers. The larger wafers tend to be thicker than smaller wafers. Standard wafer sizes include 4, 6, 8, and 12 inch wafers, although non-standard wafers could be used. A larger wafer allows for higher production yields of cantilever assemblies. Cantilever assemblies with large dimensions may require a thicker substrate than a smaller sized cantilever assembly, thus requiring the use of thicker wafers. The result is a range of thickness dimensions when a family of cantilever assemblies are manufactured to accommodate different uses.
FIG. 4 shows a mounting plate 402 having a compensating recessed region 412 formed in the plate. The compensating recessed region can be configured to accommodate dimensional differences among cantilever assemblies and by so doing can maintain a pre-selected positioning of the cantilever, measured for example from the backside of a cantilever relative to a reference.
FIGS. 5A-5C show sectional views of the mounting plate 402 taken along view line 5-5 in FIG. 4. A cantilever assembly (not shown) can be mounted on a principal surface 502 of the mounting plate. However, in accordance with the invention, a recess is formed with a plurality of interior surfaces, e.g., surfaces 504, 506, and 508, configured to receive cantilever assemblies of varying dimensions. These surfaces comprise the compensating recessed region 412 of the mounting plate. The dimensions W1, H1 and W2, H2 of the receiving regions defined by the surface can be determined depending on the range of dimensions of the cantilever assemblies to be accommodated by the mounting plate.
For example, FIG. 5B shows a cantilever assembly 102a shown received in the region partially defined by surfaces 506, 508 of the mounting plate 402. The backside 214b of the cantilever 104 is measured relative to a reference surface, R. Typically, the measurement is made relative to a surface to be scanned. As a matter of convention the direction of the measurement can be considered to be in the Z-direction. The distance is shown as Z0. FIG. 5C shows a second cantilever assembly 102b having different dimensions. The region partially delimited by surfaces 504 has an appropriate width dimension to receive the larger cantilever. Moreover, the depth dimension (H1) is such that the backside 214b of the cantilever 104b has a Z-direction measurement of Z0.
Thus in operation, the body dimensions of a cantilever assembly can be chosen along with the dimensions of a recess in the mounting plate 402 to place the back side of the cantilever in the same plane (relative to the Z-direction) regardless of its overall part thickness without affecting the overall operation of the entire instrument. It can be appreciated further that in addition to variations in part thickness among cantilever assemblies, variations in the Z-direction position of the cantilever 104 relative to its main body 112 among cantilever assemblies can be compensated for in the same manner by properly adjusting the Z-direction dimension (H) of the corresponding receiving region. Thus, standard wafer thicknesses such as 525 microns, 625 microns etc. can be accommodated without affecting the interchangeability of the instrument. It can also be appreciated that non-flat surfaces appropriately configured and dimensioned can be used instead of or in combination with the flat surface exemplars shown in FIGS. 5A-5C.
FIG. 6 schematically represents an illustrative embodiment of a high pressure gear pump MEMS according to an aspect of the present invention. A gear drive assembly 600 provides a driving force to actuate gears in a gear box assembly 612. In the particular embodiment shown in the figure, the gear drive exemplar includes a translation section comprising a plurality of expanding members 602 arranged in a lattice-like structure. A gear rack 604 is provided at a distal end of the lattice structure.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the fabrication of the gear drive 600 can be fabricated as disclosed in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/094,408. Briefly, the gear drive can be formed on a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. The upper surfaces 600a and 600c are the silicon layer spaced apart by a layer of insulation (not shown) from an underlying substrate 600b. The lattice structure can be defined photolithographically. An isotropic etch process applied in the regions of the expanding members 602 can remove the underlying insulation layer thus creating a suspended lattice structure fixed at a region A. The silicon layer is partitioned into two zones 600a and 600c. A ground potential can be applied to one zone (e.g., 600c) and a voltage source V can be applied to the other zone (e.g., 600a). A return path segment of silicon 606 provides a return path for electric current to complete the electrical circuit from the voltage source V to ground. The flow of current will cause thermal expansion of the translation section (expanding members 602) due to heat generated by the flowing current. The expansion will occur in all directions, however, the geometry of the lattice structure will produce a more pronounced expansion in the direction along arrow 622. Removing the current will cause the translation section to contract as cooling occurs, again along the direction of arrow 622. Repeated application and removal of current can produce a reciprocal motion 622 of the gear rack 604.
A pump room 632 houses a gear assembly 612. The gear rack 604 engages the gear assembly to drive the gears (FIG. 7A) by the reciprocating motion 622 of the translation section. A fluid reservoir 616 provides a source of fluid which can be pumped through a suitably formed orifice 614 in the direction F. Fluid can be provided from an external source to the reservoir through an inlet 618. FIG. 6 represents the orifice 614 in schematic fashion, illustrating the principle of the fluid pump. It can be appreciated that a suitable connection or channel can be provided to deliver the pumped fluid to a destination.
FIG. 7A shows a cutaway view of the pump room 632 view in the direction of view line 7-7 shown in FIG. 6. A pump casing 712 houses the gear assembly 612 in a pump chamber 714. This views shows a portion of zone 600c of the silicon layer. The gear assembly comprise a first gear 702a and a driven gear 702b in mesh with the first gear. Each gear has a gear shaft 704a and 704b, respectively which is supported on bearing journals 716 formed on the silicon layer 600c. The gear rack 604 is shown engaging the driven gear. The reciprocating motion 622 will cause the gears to rotate in a reciprocating fashion. To complete the description of the figure, the return path segment 606 is shown. The areas of contact where the gears mesh form high pressure points, thus defining a high pressure area 722 in that region.
FIG. 7B shows a cutaway view of the pump room 632 seen from the top. It can be seen that portions of material in zone 600a and zone 600c of the silicon layer serve as journal bearings 716 on which the gear shafts 704a and 704b are supported. The journal bearings can be round or cylindrically shaped bearing surface, or V-shaped surfaces (e.g., 55° V-shapes). The gears 702a and 702b are placed on the journals within the pump chamber 714 of the pump room, allowing the gears to turn multiple revolutions or less then one revolution, depending on the stroke length of the gear rack 604. In an particular embodiment, the gears can be inserted into journals formed in the pump chamber. The pump casing 712 can be provisioned with opposing journals and a suitable channel to direct the high pressure flow can be placed over the pump chamber. It can be appreciated, however, that many other arrangements are possible.
From the top view, it can be seen that the chamber is in fluid connection with the reservoir 616. Walls 714a and 714b of the chamber 714 are closely spaced from the faces 706a, 706b respectively of gears 702a and 702b, leaving substantially only the gear teeth being exposed to the interior volume of the chamber. A channel 724 fluidically couples an opening 724 in the chamber 714 to the orifice 614. The channel in a given particular embodiment can be directed as appropriate to some other suitable structure or destination. The channel can be about 50 microns to 1 nanometer in width.
Fluid from the reservoir is picked up by the gear teeth when the gears rotate. The fluid is forced by the action of the gear teeth into the high pressure area 722. The channel 724 is aligned with respect to the high pressure area allowing the high fluid pressure present to escape via the channel 724. The constrained spacing between the chamber walls 714a, 714b and the gear faces 706a, 706b creates a region of high flow resistance, thus preventing significant flow of fluid back into the chamber from the high pressure region and ensuring a flow of fluid through the channel. It can be appreciated that the chamber walls do not have to extend across the entire face of the gears. In the case of a pump, it is sufficient that a region about the chamber opening 724 is sufficiently covered as to restrict the flow fluid from the chamber opening back to the reservoir 714.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7A, it another aspect of the invention an escape mechanism (not shown) can be employed to selectively disengage the gear rack 604 from the gear assembly 612, for example, by moving the rack up and down (arrow 624). Thus, for example, the gear rack can be engaged during the forward (or reverse) stroke of the reciprocal motion and the disengaged during the reverse (or forward) stroke. This would cause each gear to rotate continuously in one direction. However, in the currently shown embodiment, the pump can be effective from just the back and forth rolling of the gears when no such escape mechanism is used. Also it can be appreciated that alternate drive mechanisms other than the described thermal mechanism can be used to drive the gear assembly. For example, a suitable electrostatic comb drive, a piezoelectric drive, or a piezoresistive drive, a rotating electrostatic motor, and other similar devices can be used. Incorporating an escape mechanism to produce unidirectional gear rotation, however, can be useful in other applications.
FIG. 7C shows additional detail of the gears 702a and 702b comprising the gear assembly 612. In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention, the gears are made of an obdurate low stiction material 752 (like diamond) interacting with another similar material or with silicon. In the particular embodiment shown, each gear 732, 734 can be a diamond gear with integral shaft 732a, 732b fabricated using nanolapping diamond coating techniques more fully discussed in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/094,411 and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/094,149. In accordance with the invention, each gear has a maximum surface area less than 1 mm2.
A diamond coating can also be provided onto a substrate to form tools. The generalized fabrication sequence shown in FIG. 8 diagrammatically illustrates a substrate 802 having a coating of diamond 812 formed thereon. The substrate material can be titanium (or some tungsten-based compound), titanium aluminum vanadium (or some other titanium-based compound), silicon, tungsten or any very low cobalt metal ceramic carbide or nitride. The diamond coating can have a thickness of 1-20 microns. An overcoat coating 804 can be provided on the diamond coating. The overcoat coating can be titanium or tungsten followed by an optional bonding layer 822 (indicated by phantom lines) such as nickel and an optional companion substrate of (typically) titanium 824 (also indicated by phantom lines).
A diamond edge can be formed by performing a sharpening operation on the layered structure. As the tough matrix material of metal(s) and/or ceramic(s) is removed during the sharpening process the thin hard diamond film, which is already sufficiently thin as to be very sharp, is exposed for the cutting operation. The resulting diamond edge can then serve as the leading surface used in a cutting operation. The quality and sharpness of an edge depends on its hardness. The diamond layer provides the material to present a superhard edge supported by a robust matrix of tough metal(s) and/or ceramic(s), as indicated above.
Referring to FIGS. 10A and 10B for a moment, the resulting sandwich can result in two kinds of knife. A first knife assembly 1052 illustrated in FIG. 10A comprises a diamond layer 1014 forming a very thin blade having a sharp edge by virtue of the diamond layer being thin. The diamond edge can be covered by a thin (1 to 3 micron) layer of titanium and/or tungsten.
Alternatively, a second knife assembly 1054 shown in FIG. 10B comprises an optional thick substrate 1024 which can be glued or thermally bonded to the over coated titanium and nickel layer to form a rugged cutting edge with the diamond layer 1034. In this particular embodiment, the diamond layer is rigidly protected in the middle of the knife assembly by the metal layers. However, the metal must be carefully sharpened and shaped to insure that the diamond is properly exposed to serve as a superhard edge.
Returning to FIG. 8, if the coated substrate 802 is too thin the diamond film may through shrinkage (or expansion) induce a warping effect on the substrate. The substrate can be preformed to exhibit a complementary warped shape in order to compensate for the expected the warpage due to the diamond layer. Alternatively, the substrate can be coated on the back of the side to provide a reverse warping effect (bending forces in the opposite direction) and then coated with titanium or tungsten.
Depending on the coating material and its expansion coefficient with respect to the surface to be coated, it is possible to selectively produce either an expansion induced warp or a contraction induced warp. For example, suppose a non-expanding or low-expansion rate glass is coated onto a high expansion piece of copper at an elevated temperature TA. Then as the system cools, the contracting copper will compress the glass and may bend or shatter it. If the glass bond and the glass is weak enough (thin enough) and the copper relative to the glass is strong or thick enough, the glass may curve its edges inward toward the copper center. In the case of diamond on silicon, a very thin layer diamond (for example, a diamond layer a hundred times thinner than the silicon substrate) can cause bending of the silicon toward the center of the diamond layer as the materials cool, due to different coefficients of expansion of diamond and silicon, and due to the very high molecular bond strength diamond as compared to the bond strength of silicon.
FIG. 9 schematically illustrates this aspect of the invention with a generic "pre-shaped" substrate that is suitable for deposition of a diamond layer to produce a desired shape (or surface contour) while taking into account the thermal cooling induced warping effect of diamond layer. A starting substrate material 902 can be formed to possess a predefined shape or surface contour. It can be understood that the pre-shaping can be performed by any of a number of conventional techniques; e.g., machining, grinding, chemical etching, and so on.
It is noted that the starting substrate material needs not be pre-stressed. However, it can be appreciated that a pre-stressing step can be performed so that when the re-shaping takes place, the stress of the re-shaped substrate can be compensated, either by adding more stress or reducing it as needed for a particular application.
A diamond deposition 922 step is performed to produce a diamond layer 912 atop the substrate. Techniques for forming a suitable coating of diamond are known. As can be expected, the diamond layer will stress the substrate 902 as it crystallizes, thus pulling the pre-shaped form of the substrate 902 into a new shape 902'. It is noted that the final shape need not be a flat surface, though a flat surface may be desirable. It can be appreciated that any desired surface contour can be achieved by properly pre-shaping the starting substrate material and depositing the diamond layer and varying its thickness to obtain a certain degree of re-shaping effect.
It can be appreciated that additional diamond layers can be provided to further effect shaping of the surface contour due to the warping effect of the diamond layers. For example, a diamond coating can be deposited on a first surface of the substrate, followed by another diamond coating deposited on the surface opposite the first surface, to compensate for the warping of the first diamond layer. Selected areas on a first side of substrate can be treated to form one or more diamond coatings at those selected surface areas, to effect control of contour shape.
Patent applications by Victor B. Kley, Berkeley, CA US
Patent applications by General Nanotechnology LLC
Patent applications in class Probe holders
Patent applications in all subclasses Probe holders


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|outer diameter D :||Advisory mm|
|diameter d :||Advisory mm|
|thickness B :||Advisory mm|
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|Remark:||NSK 6912ZZ bearing price|
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text:
I started my career in hair and makeup in 2008, starting with studying hair dressing NVQ level two at college, as my passion grew I decided to further my career by studying at the Academy Of Freelance Makeup in London.
Later I worked at 'Weave Got Style' giving me the opportunity to specialise in extensions, meaning I can easily match and blend colours for clients.
Throughout my career I have worked in editorial, runway for clients such as Babyliss Pro, London Fashion Week, Wella, Clarks, Google/ Youtube events, Aveda and Umbro, to name a few!
Bridal work is definitely my favourite as I love being part of such a magical day, making my clients look and feel beautiful while putting them at ease.
My favourite look is natural elegance, enhancing your natural beauty, showing off your best features, making your skin flawless, and making you look and feel effortlessly elegant and beautiful.
I especially love bohemian waves and Hepburn inspired updo's, and I always love working with extensions!
My kit contains Mac, Bobbi Brown, Chanel, Smash Box, Urban Decay, Benefit, Dermalogica, Nars, Anastasia Beverly Hills, Morphe, Kiko, Bumble and Bumble, L'Oréal and many more (plus I’m always happy for clients to have a look through my kit and ask for advice!)
My favourite makeup products at the moment are Bad Girl Lash by Benefit and Anastasia Beverly Hills Pro Brow Palette and my favourite hair products are Bumble and Bumble Thickening Hairspray and Organix Coconut Hydrating Oil.
Just wanted to send a quick email to say thank you so much for all your help on Saturday. The make up and hair that you did was fab-we all loved it and each of us got lots of compliments throughout the day!
Everything went smoothly and we all had a great time. You in particular were such a calming influence on us all in what could have been a really hectic environment in the morning-thank you for that.
All the best.
Liz, Helena and Wendy
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domain: artistic


text:
Small Business Saturday is a one-day nation-wide event that takes place every November on the Saturday after Thanksgiving. The event was created in 2010 by American Express as a way to encourage support for small businesses during the Great Recession.
The Village Commons is populated with small mom and pop businesses, meaning you won't find big-box stores here; only family owned boutique style shops. Small Business Saturday allows consumers to support small businesses during a time of year when many could benefit from a little extra support. Their deals may not be as flashy as your favorite big-box retailers, but shopping small can have a huge impact on a small business.
Shoppers are drawn to small businesses primarily because that's where they can find unique gift ideas and better customer service. In addition, shopping small fosters a sense of community. And community is what The Village Commons is all about.

domain: economics


text:
Less than a week ago we had the privilege to celebrate the freedom that makes America great. Every year on July fourth we pause to remember that not so long ago a group of people stood up and said, “enough is enough!” These people came to the point where they were no longer willing to endure the tyranny of the most powerful nation in the world and were willing to die in pursuit of their own sovereignty. The story of the American Revolution is one that should make all Americans proud while reminding us just how valuable our freedom really is. I fear though that for most of us “Independence Day” has become nothing more than a day off with good BBQ and illegal fireworks. We say that we are celebrating with very little thought to the true cost of our celebration. We forget that we are free because the citizen soldiers and communities willing to support them gave up everything so that we, many generations later, can enjoy the God-given rights of, “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”
I consider myself a patriot who works to honor those who have gone before me as well as those who currently stand to defend my right to live life as I choose. I have served my country and teach my children, just as my father did me, to value what they have been given. But still, I sometimes miss it. In the day to day of my life I fail to appreciate what I have and those who made it possible. It is a bit ironic, but it was while visiting another country during the week of my own countries independence celebration that I was reminded that freedom is not purchased by the professional soldier or maintained by politicians. Freedom is paid for by the men and women who are bold enough to stand up and say, “We would rather die free than live as slaves.”
I took the picture above while visiting the World War Two museum in Kiev. This really is an incredible museum but the most impressive part to me was the first display just beyond the front door. Although most of the museum is about a war that took place nearly eighty years ago, the first part is dedicated to the war going on right now in eastern Ukraine. As an American I did not fully grasp all that is going on there, but since 2014 more than 12,000 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed fighting with Russia. The whole thing is crazy and for those not aware it is worth the time to understand exactly what Russia has done and is doing. I won’t even attempt to explain it here other than to express the following. Just four years ago Russia decided they wanted to cede some of the land inside the borders of a sovereign Ukraine. They did, and the international community watched it happen. Ukraine, a country with an active military of only 5,000 soldiers had to decide how they were going to deal with one of the most powerful countries on earth. What did they do? Those who were able grabbed whatever they could get their hands on and pushed east until they came to the Russian Army. And then they started fighting. They had no uniforms and very little ammunition and only the food and water that they could carry. It really didn’t make sense, but they decided that they would rather die than deal with the oppression that their parents had to endure under Russia. They said, “We would rather die free than live as slaves.” They were not professionals, just citizens who were willing to pay the price required to live free. And then there were others. Churches and communities that rallied together to gather food, water, bullets, uniforms and body armor and then loaded up their cars to get them to the front. These were the citizen servants that helped the soldiers gain a foothold and stop the Russian war machine from moving forward. The vehicle in this picture was driven by the soldier whose picture is on the side. He was one of those volunteers who paid with his life so that future generations will not have to.
As Americans, we have a rich history of those who have paid the ultimate price so that we can be free. It is easy as we live our lives though to lose touch with the reality of what we enjoy. It can all become more history to us than something that must be stewarded and handed to the next generation. We take what we have been given for granted while others fight for their own right to be free. I am thankful for a professional military that keeps our nations enemies away from our borders, but I don’t ever want to forget that it is the citizen who must be willing to pay the price if the blessing of freedom that we have been given will endure.
Don’t ever forget. Freedom is paid for by the blood of those willing to give their lives so that others can live theirs. Let us always honor those who have gone before us and steward the gift that they died to give.

domain: sociology


text:
Ghetto president Bobi Wine has rebranded himself in various ways not only has he become an inspiration to so many people but he has also become a mentor for the youth. A few months ago the Sema singer revealed on Dembe Fm that he is working on building his new image that will help people grow with positive beliefs. Bobi said that he has rebranded into edutainment music because he wants his music to work as a tool of communication to Ugandans.
“I am now doing edutainment. When I was a young boy, I inspired ghetto youth into doing wrong things like taking drugs and alcohol but since am now grown up man with a wife and children, I decided to do music that will work towards changing society,” he said.
There is no doubt that proud father has achieved just that, he recently called on youth to exercise their rights of expression, spearheaded the #SaveCarol and #SaveMuwonge fundraisers to show his good will. He is also working with the police to help maintain peace in the Kamwokya ghetto.
The Firebase president’s songs of late have also been speak volumes like his ‘Tugambire Ku Jennifer’ that was aimed at ending brutality against the traders and other people of Kampala.
Bobi Wine has definitely polished his image and it’s no wonder he has managed to win over hundreds of fans.

domain: news


Posted 11/26/2021 08:05 (#9342345 - in reply to #9342302) Subject: RE: Dryer site from scratch
Winkler, Manitoba Canada
obie_iaffa - 11/26/2021 06:48
I agree on avoiding the air system for above reasons mentioned. If we were starting from scratch I’d put in a small leg behind the dryer instead of air. A 10hp motor on a leg can move way more grain than a 40hp air system.
We’ve cleaned up many piles over the years from the elbow that wears out in an air system that wears thru 15 minutes after you quit for the night.
You are likely still being generous to the air system. Info I just looked up rated a 40 hp air system at 1800 bph. Leg @ 1800 bph required 5 hp to lift 80'. So yes, a 10 hp motor on a leg would move way more grain than a 40 hp air system.


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LOUISVILLE, Colo. — Residents at an assisted living center near Denver are getting a taste of what life was like before the coronavirus pandemic. Sort of.
Thanks to a “hug tent" set up outside the suburban facility, residents could embrace and hold hands with their families this week.
Visitors were separated by construction-grade plastic. But they could hug through built-in sleeves attached by embroidery hoops.
It wasn't ideal, but visitors and staff say the benefits are clear. A spokeswoman for the center says some residents haven't had physical contact with their families in almost a year, and a simple hug was like "a huge weight off their shoulders."


The Discrete Whitecap Method for Estimating Sea Salt Aerosol Generation: A Reassessment
dFo/dr = Wb•τ-1 •dE/dr Eq.1
Here dFo/dr is the rate of marine aerosol generation, per unit area of sea surface, per unit increment of spray droplet radius (at 80% R.H.), and Wb represents the simple fraction of the sea surface covered by Stage B whitecaps, i.e. decaying foam patches in the usage of Bondur and Sharkov (1982). The symbol tau represents the e-folding time for the exponential decay of such a whitecap, and dE/dr is the laboratory-determined number of marine aerosol particles produced, per increment droplet radius, as a consequence of the demise of all the bubbles initially associated with a whitecap of know initial area.
It should be stressed at the outset that dE/dr encompasses the total production of sea spray droplets resulting from the decay of a laboratory whitecap, and that this production was observed to continue for many seconds beyond the time when the whitecap was no longer visible (Woolf et al, 1987). Thus the suggestion by some that dE/dr might represent in some fashion the average production during the lifetime of the optically resolvable whitecap in not accurate.
The quotient Wb/τ is understood to represent the rate at which optically resolvable whitecap area disappears, and, if a near dynamic equilibrium pertains, also the rate at which new whitecap area appears, on the sea surface.
It should be noted here that the W-values discussed in Monahan (1971), Monahan and O'Muircheartaigh (1980,1986), actually represent the sum of both Stage A whitecap coverage (Wa) and Stage B whitecap coverage. This approximation was deemed appropriate, since for the same wind conditions, etc., Wa was found to be typically only slightly more than 10% of Wb (see, e.g., Monahan and Lu, 1990). The conceptual image animating this model is one where the spilling wave crest, i.e. Stage A whitecap, with its bubble-rich sub-surface alpha-plume, settles down and transforms into a larger Stage B whitecap, with its dependent beta-plume, in a brief enough time that only a sub-set of the largest bubbles have had time to break on the ocean surface, producing a limited number of film-droplets, in this pre-transformation interval. In this construct most of the bubble-mediated aerosol production (essentially all of the jet-droplet-production, and the overwhelming bulk of the film-drop production) occurs during the decay of the optically-resolvable Stage B whitecap, and for tens of seconds, perhaps minutes, afterward.
Recent field measurements have shown that in some circumstances the whitecap growth phase persists for considerably longer than the ~ 10% of the e-folding time for the decaying whitecap (see, e.g., Callaghan et al, 2012; Callaghan, 2013). Indeed, whitecap growth timescales have been shown to be from 20% up to, in some instances, 100% of whitecap decay timescales for individual breaking waves, and therefore make a significant contribution of the overall whitecap timescale. Furthermore, It has been shown that the effective whitecap timescale for the DWM can be more accurately described as the area-weighted mean whitecap lifetime (τDWM) for an ensemble of breaking waves in any given time period (Callaghan, 2013). Field observations suggest ôDWM cannot be expected to remain constant between different observational periods at a given location. Environmental factors expected to influence the value of τDWM include the severity of wave breaking and the injection depth of the bubble plume, the concentration of surfactants in the water column and the surface microlayer, and the scale of the breaking wave. Furthermore, since whitecap coverage is in part a function of the lifetime of whitecap foam along with the breaking rate and mean whitecap scale, not choosing the correct value of τDWM will introduce systematic biases in the estimated sea spray aerosol production flux.
By Developing approaches to parameterize whitecap timescales as a function of appropriate forcing variables, (e.g., wind speed, wave age, surfactant concentration) has the potential to lead to improvements in the accuracy of the DWM. Additional field data on the distributions of maximum whitecap area for individual breaking waves, and a scale-resolved breaking rate, will provide valuable information that can be used to constrain observational measurements of total whitecap coverage. Such field data would lead to improved insights on the natural variability of whitecap coverage, ultimately leading to improved parameterizations with commensurate improvements in the prediction of sea spray aerosol production flux. Finally, as stated in Monahan et al., 1982, it is likely that the quantity dE/dr in the DWM varies for spilling to plunging breaking waves, yet no further work has been done to characterize this with laboratory breaking waves. Having available an improved parameterization for the rate of sea salt aerosol generation on the surface of the world's oceans will also lead to more accurate estimates of the sea surface heat, moisture, and gas fluxes, and thus to improved global climate modeling.
126.96.36.199 on 7-29-2014-->


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Why do we need automatic door closures?
In our fast-paced world, where technology continues to reshape the way we live and work, even seemingly simple aspects of our daily lives are being transformed for the better. One such innovation that often goes unnoticed but greatly impacts our convenience and safety is the automatic door closure system.
From commercial spaces to residential buildings, automatic door closures have become ubiquitous, offering numerous advantages that make them an indispensable feature in modern environments.
Let’s explore why we need automatic door closures and the advantages they bring to the table.
1. Convenience at Your Fingertips:
Automatic door closures epitomize the concept of convenience. They eliminate the need for physically opening and closing doors, especially in high-traffic areas. Whether you’re laden with groceries, managing luggage at an airport, or just stepping into a building during inclement weather, automatic doors simplify your entry and exit experience. With a simple push-button or motion sensor, these doors respond instantly, welcoming you without requiring any physical effort.
2. Accessibility and Inclusivity:
One of the most important aspects of modern design is inclusivity. Automatic door closures play a vital role in making spaces more accessible to everyone, regardless of physical abilities. For individuals with disabilities, the elderly, or parents pushing strollers, these doors eliminate barriers and enhance the overall experience. This not only boosts independence but also promotes a sense of dignity and equality within society.
3. Energy Efficiency:
In the pursuit of sustainable practices, automatic door closures stand out as energy-efficient solutions. These systems are designed to close doors promptly after someone passes through, minimizing the loss of conditioned air in climate-controlled environments. In commercial settings, where doors are frequently opened and closed, this technology significantly contributes to reducing energy consumption, resulting in cost savings and a smaller carbon footprint.
4. Enhanced Security and Safety:
Security is paramount, and automatic door closures enhance safety measures in various ways. In high-security areas, such as airports, hospitals, and government buildings, these doors help control and monitor access, ensuring that only authorized individuals enter restricted zones. Additionally, automatic closures prevent doors from being left ajar accidentally, reducing the risk of unauthorized entry or potential security breaches.
5. Hygiene and Health Concerns:
The global pandemic has heightened our awareness of hygiene and the need to minimize physical contact with surfaces. Automatic door closures have become an essential tool in promoting hygiene by reducing the need to touch door handles. Whether it’s a restroom, a hospital ward, or an office space, these doors minimize the potential for the spread of germs, contributing to a healthier environment.
6. Aesthetic and Modern Design:
Functionality aside, automatic door closures also add a touch of modernity to architectural design. These sleek and unobtrusive systems seamlessly integrate with various design aesthetics, maintaining the visual integrity of space while offering the benefits of automation. This combination of functionality and aesthetics enhances the overall ambiance of the environment.
7. Compliance with Building Codes:
Many building codes and regulations mandate the installation of automatic door closures in specific situations, especially in public buildings. These regulations are in place to ensure the safety and accessibility of all occupants. Adhering to such codes not only avoids legal complications but also reinforces a commitment to creating spaces that cater to diverse needs.
In conclusion, the proliferation of automatic door closures in our daily lives is not just a matter of convenience; it’s a testament to our ongoing efforts to create more inclusive, efficient, and secure environments. These unassuming systems contribute to energy savings, accessibility, hygiene, and safety, making them an essential component of modern architecture and infrastructure. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect further advancements in automatic door closure systems, continuously enhancing the way we interact with our surroundings.
Also You Can visit our youtube channel for more door automation related Videos !!

domain: design


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Some interest rates for equity release are now under 6%. If you have an existing plan, it may be worth you reviewing to see if you could save money by switching to a lower rate.
We have examples of clients who were on or above 6.95% and managed to switch to a plan under 6%. It’s important to remember there may be set up costs and early redemption charges to switch. However, a free initial consultation over the telephone will soon help you decide if it’s worthwhile.
Call 0800 012 4181 or use our calculator to see if the rates available today are lower than what you currently have.
CHECK THAT THIS MORTGAGE WILL MEET YOUR NEEDS IF YOU WANT TO MOVE OR SELL YOUR HOME OR YOU WANT YOUR FAMILY TO INHERIT IT. IF YOU ARE IN ANY DOUBT, SEEK INDEPENDENT ADVICE
This is a lifetime mortgage. To understand the features and risks ask for a personalised illustration.


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Child's note tells driver bus hit his parked car
A college student's "shout-out" to a child who left a note on his damaged car, telling him a school bus driver was to blame, has been widely shared on Twitter.
Andrew Sipowicz, from Buffalo, New York, found the handwritten note on his vehicle, which read "Bus 449 hit your car", alongside a drawing.
After he shared the note on social media, its author's sixth grade teacher recognised the handwriting and got in touch with Mr Sipowicz.
"Me and my family are so grateful and we want to reward the girl somehow," the 21-year-old told the BBC, adding that the note probably saved him thousands in repair bills.
His tweet has been liked more than 500,000 times.
The accident happened on Monday when the bus collided with Mr Sipowicz's vehicle: "She [the bus driver] was trying to pull off and hit the car. She hit-and-run," the child wrote in her note.
"She tried to squeeze through but couldn't. She made a dent and I saw what happened. Sorry," she wrote next to her drawing of the bus with smiley faces peeking through its windows.
Mr Sipowicz speculates that the student probably got off the bus at the stop where the accident happened, and later went back to leave the detailed note.
After contacting the bus company, Mr Sipowicz received an apology and assurances that they would cover the cost of the damage.
He plans to visit the school student to thank her next week when Thanksgiving holidays are over.
"I just want to thank her so much for being so courageous and doing the right thing when it would have been easier to go home and forget the whole thing," he explains.
Children in sixth grade in the States are usually aged between 11 and 12 and many people picked up on the high standard of handwriting used in the letter.
One Twitter user joked that the girl could have a future in the insurance business, while others praised the detail of the child's drawing of the bus, which included passengers staring out of the windows in shock.
And an art teacher claimed that the drawing showed that art is important.
Mr Sipowicz's tweet even encouraged people to share their stories of similar things happening to them. One woman tweeted a similar note she had received from a neighbour which revealed a colleague had hit her car.
By Sarah Jenkins and Georgina Rannard, UGC and Social News Team


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Unique New Playground Taking Shape at Carnes Crossroads
August 22, 2014 | Events & Activities
There’s a barn-raising underway at Carnes Crossroads…and it’s sure to bring some foot-stompin’ fun when it’s done! A new farm-themed playground is in the works, courtesy of Wakefield Recreation, Inc. Owner/Designer Susan Wakefield took a few moments while on-site recently to give us the lowdown on what kids and parents can expect.
“What we try to do is get cognitive skills, social skills, fine motor and gross motor skills all mixed into our playgrounds,” explained Wakefield, who is also a national playground safety inspector. “This piece is very unique. None of our playgrounds are ever the same…We’re excited and I think the people in the neighborhood are excited!”
The design for the playground is reminiscent of the historic Green Barn that now serves as an amenity center for the community and an iconic local landmark. Made from Cypress wood, the play structure will feature roofing, siding and a trellis system that is similar to the architecture of the Green Barn. Additionally, Wakefield’s team is using recycled materials from the original Green Barn to enhance the playground. Wood from the barn is being incorporated into the bracing for the play structure, as well as to craft a family-friendly checkerboard with seats. Old gates also add an authentic, rustic flair to the site.
“This barn, the original barn, was a hay barn that had a trellis that ran across the top and brought the hay,” says Wakefield. “We’re taking some of that old tracking and running it on the top. We’re also taking the gate system and putting it behind the bench in the passive play area. It looks like you have a trellis set up behind you, but it’s made of these 176-year old gates!”
Other features include a hay loft, swings, a water trough with an old-fashioned pump, an arched bridge and pony spring riders to recreate a horseback riding experience for younger children.
“I’m going to have four pony spring riders coming into the barn openings like you see on the original barn — a mustang and a palomino on each side,” said Wakefield. “This is for the two to five year olds. The swings are for the two to twelve year olds, and the checkerboard table might even bring Mom, Dad or Grandma in there! I think it’s gonna be a great playground when it’s done!”
Wakefield, who owns the business along with her daughter, should know. Her efforts have harvested an impressive number of beloved play systems over the years, including the popular “Pirate Park” on Daniel Island. The Wakefield Recreation team has built more than 1,000 playgrounds since the company opened in 2000.
“What sets us apart from others who build wooden playgrounds is that we route and sand everything,” she said. “I grew up with Lincoln Logs and erector sets and I’m 60, but I still like to play!”
Safety is clearly a top priority for Wakefield. All designs must meet standards set by the American Society for Testing Materials and Consumer Product Safety Commission guidelines.
“We follow that very closely,” she said. “Safety is the first thing we do in design…We also like to put seating around the edges of our playground and keep our playgrounds open so that Mom and Dad can see the children at all times. That’s very important.”
But of course it is the children who stand to reap the most benefit from her designs, and Wakefield is confident the farm-style playground at Carnes Crossroads will not disappoint.
“The country is a wonderful thing,” she said. “I hope when the kids leave they feel the sense of an old farm with horses that they can ride on…and that they also create things in their own minds, that they can have dramatic play on this playground. They can make it anything they want to, and that’s what is so great about it!”
The new playground is set to open in September.


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SI.com takes a closer look at the Pac-12 networks. The conference is looking "to break sports media frontiers."
— Utah assistant basketball coach Tommy Connor on the "Bill Riley Show" on ESPN 700.
— Former Ute Sione Pouha is a priority for the New York Jets.
— Utah homecoming is secondary to Colorado's Carlon Brown.
— Get caught up with ex-Ute Alex Jensen, head coach of the NBA D-League's Canton Charge.


North Carolina State Climate Hub
Greetings and welcome to the Southern Appalachian Creature Feature.
Exactly what impact will climate change have on wildlife and what can land managers do about it is one of the biggest questions facing biologists today and one that spans the breadth of fish and wildlife management from the fate of mountain trout to nesting sea turtles. Here in the Southern Appalachians it’s an especially important question because of our incredible diversity of life, including many rare species isolated on our cold, high mountain tops.
To help answer that over-arching question, the U.S. Geological Survey is setting up eight climate change research centers scattered across the nation. Housed at major universities, these centers will bring together academia and federal natural resource agencies.
In September, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazaar announced that the Southeast’s climate change center would be housed at North Carolina State University which was selected in an open competition by climate science experts from the Department of the Interior, Forest Service, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Part of the attraction of N.C. State University is that it brings expertise from a broad range of fields and connections within those fields that span the region.
Once up and running, the climate change center at NC State should provide land managers across the Southeast, including the Southern Appalachians, access to the best available science to help guide their decisions.
For WNCW and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, this is Gary Peeples.
- Asheville Ecological Services Field Office
- Climate Change
- North Carolina
- Southern Appalachian Creature Feature
The mission of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, plants, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. For more information on our work and the people who can make it happen, visit fws.gov. Connect with the Service on Facebook, follow our tweets, watch the YouTube Channel and download photos from Flickr.


Get the Week 2, scores and schedules for FBS (I-A) college football. FBS (I-A) Football Schedule - Week 2. Season: Select One, , ·. Get the latest College Football news, photos, rankings, lists and more on Bleacher Report. Report: NCAA May Allow D-I Transfers to Play Right Away via confixxlogin.info Oregon wildfire situation will threaten CFB games this weekend, most. Games featuring Clemson, Florida State, Alabama and the best of the Big Ten Conference highlight ESPN's televised college football schedule.


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Sherlyn promises that the video will generate more heat than anything she has done in the past even better then her superhot Outrageous. She also says that video will have an adult rating going by the shots that it will have. The Red Swastik star has already started rehearsing for the video the shooting for which will begin shortly.
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Story first published: Tuesday, April 15, 2008, 12:51 [IST]


About Mondo Rock
After ruling Australian radio with his '50s-influenced act Daddy Cool, Ross Wilson formed the more chameleonic Mondo Rock in 1976, initially as an outlet for his solo work. Despite frequent lineup shifts, the band transitioned naturally into the ’80s, with quirky New Wave gems like “Cool World” and “Summer of ’81” now resembling a missing link between Split Enz and Huey Lewis. As Wilson again reached back to the toothy riffs and honking harmonica of early rock ‘n’ roll, 1986’s “Primitive Love Rites” became Mondo Rock’s most successful single overseas. With guitarist Eric McCusker increasingly featuring as a key songwriter, Wilson stocked the rest of the band with top-tier session players for 1990’s swan song Why Fight It?. Though the title track flexed contemporary production and pulsing synthesizers, the album’s sharp guitars remained distinctly timeless—and the choruses effortlessly bright and bubbly.


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The Japanese Health Ministry is set to approve the antiviral drug today.
The Japanese health minister stated Tuesday that he is looking to authorize Remdesivir as a treatment against the novel virus if it is approved beforehand by an advisory panel. Gilead, the company which trials the drug, applied for approval this Monday.
Japan's move comes almost a week after the drug received the green light on Friday, May 1st, in the US. It will be used against severe cases only. The US approval came after clinical trials showed a shorting by a third in patients’ recovery time. The treatment will be administrated by injection. During Monday's trading session, Gilead's stock price dropped by 0.36%.
The move is unexpected, as the Japanese approval process usually takes a year, and it based on domestic clinical trials. The expectations are high, as using Remdesivir was already on the table since late April.
The use of Remdesivir is quite controversial, as it previously underwent clinical trials against Ebola, but it performed much worse than other drugs. Nevertheless, it is put against COVID-19 because it can disable the virus's mechanism of copying itself to submerge the host's immune system.
The latest data released by the New England Journal of Medicine shows a drug effectiveness of 70% of 53 patients with severe symptoms. Although effective, the side effects were severe – deterioration of kidney and liver functions, which occurred in a quarter of patients.
Not only Remdesivir is looking for approval this month, but also Avigan – a locally developed drug by Fujifilm Toyama Chemical. If the 100 patients trial test will be validated, the drug will be approved later this month.
Avigan, commonly known as Favipiravir, was already approved in 2014 but only as a drug against the flu outbreaks. It is typically available only by demand from the Japanese government. When administrated, it blocks the virus’ ability to replicate itself inside a cell. If Remdesivir affects kidneys and liver, Avigan is counter indicated to pregnant women as animal studies showed that it influences fetal development.
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domain: medical


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Visual effects artist Erik Wernquist has made this wonderful short film, Wanderers, as “a vision of humanity’s expansion into the Solar System”, with words and voiceover by Carl Sagan.
Although science “fiction”, it uses impressive and photo-realistic graphics and effects, all derived from scientific institutions such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the agency’s Deep Space Network, and the European Space Agency.
“Although admittedly speculative, the visuals in the film are all based on scientific ideas and concepts of what our future in space might look like, if it ever happens,” Wernquist says. “All the locations depicted in the film are digital recreations of actual places in the Solar System, built from real photos and map data where available.”
You can read more about the film and see some wonderful stills on Wernquist’s website.