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Garden Q&A: It's almost time to plant blueberries
Can you give me some info about growing blueberries? Can I plant them now?
The best time to plant blueberries is from mid-December to mid-February. Bare-root or container-grown plants can be used. Two types of blueberries are grown in Florida, rabbiteye (Vaccinium virgatum) and southern highbush (interspecific hybrids of V. darrowii, V. virgatum, and V. corymbosum). However, only the low-chill cultivars of each are adapted to Florida. Rabbiteyes are better for our area than highbush because highbush bloom early and are frequently damaged by late freezes.
Southern highbush cultivars include Emerald, Jewel, Star, Windsor, Springhigh, Sweetcrisp and Farthing. Rabbiteye cultivars include Beckyblue, Bonita and Climax.
Blueberries require a soil pH of 4.0-5.5. A soil test is needed to measure the soil pH and can help to determine whether acidification of the soil is necessary.
Blueberries require a well-drained soil of at least 18 inches in depth. Both rabbiteye and Southern highbush thrive on acidic soils, which contain more organic matter than is usually found in Florida soils. Peat moss can be incorporated into the soil at or prior to planting. Set plants in a sunny area. A mature rabbiteye blueberry plant can reach 12-15 feet in height with canes sprouting over an area of 8-10 feet in diameter. Blueberries should be pruned at the time of planting.
Most blueberry cultivars grown in Florida are self-unfruitful; they require cross-pollination from another cultivar of the same type (Southern highbush with Southern highbush and rabbiteye with rabbiteye). With good pollination, berry yields of 2-5 pounds per plant may be expected by the third or fourth year.
Blueberries respond best to frequent, light fertilization. They can be killed or damaged by over-fertilization. For more detailed information about growing blueberries in Florida go to: www.edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg359.
What can you tell me about the water retention crystals that I see at garden centers such as Soil Moist? These are the ones that are added to the soil so you don't have to water as frequently.
These crystals are nontoxic, nonbiodegradable and pH neutral polymers. There are two types of water crystals, those made that are starch based (Quench) and the more common type that are made from polyacrylamide (Soil Moist and WaterCrystals).
Lots of people recommend them and claim that if they mix water crystals in with their potting soil, they have to water much less often. Water crystals are also often advertised as being "green," because they supposedly conserve water.
I could only find one study on water retention crystals. It was done by Jeff Gillman, associate professor in the Department of Horticultural at the University of Minnesota. His research showed that the starch-based hyrdogels provided some benefit in prolonging water retention in container gardens, but only "an extra day at most between waterings. In his studies, the "plants potted with polyacrylamide gels did not fare better than plants without."
Can you give me some information on growing an aluminum plant? How much light does it require?
The aluminum plant or friendship plant (Pilea sp.) is so named because many species have silvery markings on their leaves. They are grown for their attractive foliage. Their leaves are often quilted and may be green to gray or bronze in color. There are both creeping and upright forms. Their flowers are small and insignificant.
The plant does not tolerate direct sun without burning of the leaves. It may tend to grow leggy when it is not receiving enough light. A temperature of 60 degrees is best in winter, but can tolerate temperatures of 70 degrees or higher in summer as long as sufficient humidity is provided. Aluminum plants need a sandy, well-drained soil (1 part peat moss to 1 part loam to 2 parts sand). During the growing season, the plant should be kept evenly moist; water less in winter, but do not allow the soil to dry completely. Fertilize the plant weekly in the growing season with a balanced fertilizer diluted to half the strength recommended on the label.
Aluminum plants can be propagated by cuttings or division. Cuttings should be taken in spring.
I took some leaf cuttings from a sansevieria plant and placed them in pots to propagate more plants. However, the new plants don't look like the "mother" plant. What would cause this to happen?
Several sansevieria cultivars are what are known as periclinal chimeras (they do not propagate true to type from leaf cuttings). It would appear that you have one of these varieties. Periclinal simply means parallel to the surface. Chimera is a plant or plant part composed of genetically different layers. The most common example is a "variegated" plant where different regions of the leaf are yellow or white due to the lack of chlorophyll synthesis, i.e., these are chlorophyll mutants.
The first few leaves to develop on sansevieria propagated from cuttings are juvenile and lack the typical foliage shape characteristic of mature plants. Juvenile leaves on many sansevierias are shorter and more reflexed than mature leaves. Plants from rhizome divisions usually produce leaves typical of mature plants.
Tom Bruton is a master gardener with the Duval County Extension Service and the University of Florida/IFAS.


LEED for Homes is a rating system that promotes the design and construction of high-performance green homes. A green home uses less energy, water and natural resources; creates less waste; and is healthier and more comfortable for the occupants. Benefits of a LEED home include lower energy and water bills; reduced greenhouse gas emissions; and less exposure to mold, mildew and other indoor toxins. The net cost of owning a LEED home is comparable to that of owning a conventional home.
Making your home a greener place is a commitment – to yourself, your family, your community and the world. But more than that, it is a learning process. As exciting new technologies, products and scientific breakthroughs constantly emerge, staying educated on the hows – as well as the whys – of maintaining a green home is the best way to ensure your efforts are as effective and beneficial as possible.In a new approach for LEED, LEED homes are rated by LEED for Homes Providers – local organizations with demonstrated experience and expertise in their region's market. A LEED for Homes Provider has three primary roles:
Marketing LEED to builders;
Providing green home rating support services to builders; and
Training, coordinating and overseeing LEED qualified inspectors and builder support staff.
For the pilot phase, USGBC selected 12 LEED for Homes providers in some of the country’s leading housing markets. Providers demonstrated outstanding abilities and have a proven record of supporting builders in the construction of high-performance, sustainable homes. During the LEED for Homes pilot, these providers were responsible for selecting appropriate pilot projects and verifying that the homes were built to meet the requirements of the rating system.
Homeowners interested in buying or building a LEED home should contact one of the LEED for Homes providers below. If there is not a provider in your area, please feel free to contact a geographically proximate provider. USGBC...


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Between Hate and Grief: The Unholy War in the Middle East
After September 11, 2001, America enjoyed world-wide support and sympathy such as it had never experienced. That was almost five years ago. Today, the USA is embroiled in a disastrous guerrilla war in Iraq, the Taliban and Al Qaida fighters are reorganizing in Afghanistan, and war is going on in the Middle East. The USA’s plan to implement their model of peace, democracy and stability in a number of countries in the Middle Eastern world seems to have failed. Peter Scholl-Latour has been traveling in the Middle East for decades. Like almost no other, he knows the Islamic world. In the documentary Between Hate and Grief: The Unholy War in the Middle East, he shows how the fronts have hardened since September 11, 2001. He describes the anger in the Islamic world against the West, but also where the fault lines run within the countries of this region. On his journey through Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran and Israel, Peter Scholl-Latour reports directly from hotspots of world politics.
|Sonntag, 10. September 2006 um 23.50 Uhr im ZDF
|Written and directed by:
|Peter Scholl-Latour und Cornelia Laqua
|Irak, Iran, Afghanistan, Israel

domain: geography


KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla.--A preliminary look at data from NASA's Ares I-X test flight Wednesday shows the towering rocket performed as well or better than computer modeling predicted during the climb out of the dense lower atmosphere, a senior NASA manager said Friday.
One of three huge parachutes failed to inflate during the spent booster's descent to the Atlantic Ocean and a second chute only inflated halfway, resulting in a hard splash down that caused the rocket's case to buckle.
But Mission Manager Bob Ess said the parachute system, flying for the first time, was designed for NASA's planned Ares 1 rocket, which is 15 percent lighter than the test version, and that engineers will have plenty of time to correct whatever went wrong.
"No one is concerned about it," Ess said. "In fact, the parachute guys were ecstatic, was their words, (about) the information they got from this flight. They really wanted to test this out."
The Ares I-X rocket was designed to match the characteristics of NASA's planned shuttle replacement, the more powerful Ares I. The test version featured a four-segment shuttle booster, a dummy fifth segment housing guidance and control equipment and an unpowered mockup of the rocket's upper stage and crew capsule.
The 327-foot-tall test rocket was launched Wednesday from shuttle complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center. The major goals of the unmanned six-minute flight were to collect engineering data on how the tall, slender rocket flew through the lower atmosphere, how the structure responded to aerodynamic and acoustic forces and how the new parachute system, scaled for the planned Ares I, performed.
During the initial seconds of flight, the rocket's nozzle moved 1 degree as planned to help the booster "walk off" the pad, preventing its hot exhaust plume from hitting the upper sections of the shuttle service gantry. As expected, the plume caused minor damage to the lower sections of the gantry, but Ess said that would not be a problem for the new service tower that will be used for Ares rockets.… Read more


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From your local election headquarters, Oklahoma residents headed to the polls today to vote in two runoff elections.
A heated discussion breaks out Tuesday night during the Carthage City Council meeting.
The Columbus School District holds a back-to-school carnival.
An explosion at a fireworks facility in Pittsburg that killed one man is ruled accidental.
The number of youth using e-cigarettes is rising. According to a recent survey, they aren't exactly close to 18-years-old.
Kansas Governor Sam Brownback is making stops at several schools in Pittsburg.
The Peoria Ridge Golf Course in Miami is seeing an increase in business after opening a new clubhouse.
Some local students take a break from classes today with a magic carpet ride.
A few hundred students at an area university got a wardrobe change today.
A local university will be hosting a movie night on one of the biggest screens in the area.
U.S. Senator Pat Roberts continues his traditional listening tour of Kansas and makes a stop in Pittsburg today.
A new sewer line will soon be available for 200 residents living outside of the Miami city limits.
The Southwest Missouri Drug Task Force checked more than 700 cars in a DWI crackdown in Carthage over the weekend.
The Joplin Police Department is still investigating what caused a gas leak at the intersection of Junge and Maiden Lane this morning.
The Carthage Special Road District moves forward with plans to improve safety in north Carthage.
The State of Missouri and the State Department of Transportation will soon see some new federal funding.
Northpark Mall is asking for more denim to help reach its goal of collecting 500 pairs.
Tonight the Webb City Council discusses possible options for getting an aquatic center in the city.
Some of the Webb City High School teachers supported ALS today by doing the Ice Bucket Challenge.
The Joplin City Council met today to go over a proposed $187 million budget plan for 2015.

domain: news


In an era when many long-defunct bands are settling differences (or simply realizing how much money there is to be made) and reuniting for bigtime tours, music fans can at least rely on one thing: The Smiths are never going to get back together. The egos of the folks involved are still too big, the dismissal of the band's rhythm section by frontman Morrissey too painful, and the ink on those lawsuits still drying.
Perhaps that's the reason that the ardor that Smiths fans feel towards the band only grows stronger every day. And the fact that dozens of young men and women around the world want to play some role in filling the gap by starting a Smiths tribute or cover band.
And seeing the mass of bodies that piled into Bunk Bar this past summer to hear one of Portland's only Smiths cover bands, This Charming Man, shows that the demand isn't going to slow down any time soon. Part of that, too, could be that this particular cover band is fronted by a fixture on the local scene: Jeremy Petersen, host of OPB's weekend music program In House Radio.
It helps too that the band--with Petersen as Morrissey, Rich Millward and Ben Alberts on guitars (either a nod to Johnny Marr's unnatural facility with a guitar or to the post Queen Is Dead live lineup that featured Marr and rhythm guitarist Craig Gannon), and Susan Reilly and Emily Hall in the roles of bassist Andy Rourke and drummer Mike Joyce, respectively--do a great job in recreating the Smiths' mix of glam, bubblegum pop, and post punk.
Petersen and Reilly were kind enough to answer some questions about their love of the Smiths, other tribute acts and the warm embrace that they've felt from local music fans prior to their show on Tuesday at Bunk Bar.


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No. 3 Penn St. ties No. 5 Minnesota
Taylor and Long provide the bonus points for Lions
Penn State Athletics
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. -- Penn State, ranked No. 3 nationally, forged an 18-18 tie at No. 5 Minnesota on Sunday in a battle between two of the nation's top squads. Undefeated freshman David Taylor and sophomore Andrew Long provided the spark for Penn State in the dual.
Senior Brad Pataky, ranked No. 11 at 125, returned to the mat for the first time since January 8 to take on No. 5 Zach Sanders of Minnesota. The Lion nearly upset Sanders but dropped a scintillating 10-8 decision. Sophomore All-American Andrew Long, ranked No. 9 at 133, continued his hot week with an impressive 14-4 major against talented Minnesota freshman David Thorn to put Penn State on top 4-3. Long is now 10-1 on the year with seven majors. Second-ranked Gopher senior Mike Thorn notched a late takedown to hold off Nittany Lion freshman Andrew Alton, ranked No. 7, by a 4-1 score at 141. Fifth-ranked Frank Molinaro held on for a 6-5 win against Minnesota's Danny Zilverberg at 149 to put Penn State up 7-6. Undefeated freshman Taylor nearly pinned Minnesota's Matt Mincey at 157 but did not get the call and settled for a 16-1 technical fall at the 6:15 mark to give the Lions a 12-6 lead at the break. Taylor, now 30-0, has posted bonus point decisions in 29 of his 30 wins. He has 13 technical falls, nine pins and seven majors.
Minnesota closed the gap with an 8-0 major from No. 11 Cody Yohn over Lion freshman Jake Kemerer at 165. No. 2 Ed Ruth posted a 12-5 win against No. 12 Scott Glasser at 174, nearly picking up the major but for a last-second Glasser escape. The win put Penn State up 15-10. No. 9 Scott Glasser majored No. 13 Quentin Wright at 184 to cut Penn State's lead to 15-14 before Gopher junior Sonny Yohn returned to the line-up for the first time since December at 197. Yohn, who was ranked in the top-10 before an injury at the Southern Scuffle, majored freshman Nick Ruggear 10-2 to give Minnesota an 18-15 lead heading into the final bout of the dual. Junior Cameron Wade, ranked No. 6 at heavyweight, clinched a dual meet tie with an exciting 2-0 win against No. 8 Tony Nelson in the final action of the day.


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Roasted Carrot Fries with Grapefruit Tzatziki Have we mentioned our love for roasting vegetables? Yes? Well, this time we are pairing our vegetables with a delicious grapefruit tzatziki sauce with a little chefs help. Roasting carrots is the best Read on!
Roasted Pork Loin with Grapefruit-Coconut Salsa Pork loin is one of our favorite simple but elegant go-to dinners. It’s incredibly easy but looks fancy enough to serve to guests. With spicy Asian flavors, crunchy coconut, and peanuts, plus a citrusy Read on!
Pink Grapefruit & Bittersweet Chocolate Tea Cake What to make the sweetest women we know for Mother’s Day? A not-too-sweet cake with a tender crumb, bursting with the tart and zesty flavors of pink grapefruit and grounded by rich, earthy Read on!
1 bunch beets (save greens for braising later) 1 grapefruit, cut into supremes 1/2 red onion, slivered 2 Tbs. chopped cilantro (optional) 1 Tbs. sherry or white wine vinegar salt and pepper Wash beets and place in heavy casserole dish. Read on!
We’re thrilled to announce that local Texas craft spirits are now available for delivery through Farmhouse! To celebrate, we’ve conjured up some wintry cocktail recipes that use seasonal flavors and ingredients, perfect for your next holiday party. Blood Orange Rosemary Read on!
Ruby Red Rosemary Salty Dog Coarse salt 4 oz freshly squeezed grapefruit juice 1 ½ oz vodka 1 Tbsp rosemary simple syrup Splash sparkling water Small sprig rosemary Salt the rim of a cocktail glass. In a shaker with ice, Read on!
Texas Harvest Salad 1 c. cubed butternut squash, roasted with olive oil, salt & pepper 1 small apple, cubed 1 medium watermelon radish, sliced as thinly as possible 2 handfuls arugula or spinach, washed and spun dry 1/4 c. pumpkin Read on!

domain: food


Road closures close to the Gaza border will continue for the second day in a row on Wednesday over concerns that Palestinian Islamic Jihad might target Israeli vehicles in retaliation for the arrest of a senior operative in the West Bank.
Israeli security forces arrested Bassem Saadi, the head of Palestinian Islamic Jihad in the West Bank overnight on Monday during a raid in Jenin. Following his arrest the IDF raised its alert level in the south and closed roads close to the border with the Gaza Strip to civilian vehicles.
PIJ commander Bassam al-Saadi and his son-in-law Ashraf Zidan Molmad Aljada were arrested in a raid that saw heavy clashes break out with local Palestinians. Saadi resisted arrest and was slightly injured when he was bitten by a dog deployed with security forces.
Prime Minister Yair Lapid held a security situation assessment on Tuesday morning with Alternate Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, Defense Minister Benny Gantz, National Security Adviser Eyal Haluta, Chief of Staff Lt.-Gen. Aviv Kohavi, Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency) chief Ronen Bar and other senior security officials.
صورة القيادي في حركة الجهادي الإسلامي بسام السعدي وصهره أشرف الجدع اللذين اعتقلهما الاحتلال قبل قليل عقب اقتحام مخيم جنين. pic.twitter.com/1qduejAuAn— وكالة شهاب للأنباء (@ShehabAgency) August 1, 2022
Which roads will be closed?
Over concern that the group might retaliate with anti-tank or sniper fire, the IDF closed off roads along the Gaza Strip shortly after Saadi’s arrest. The IDF said in a statement that the decision was taken following a situational assessment and due to moves by operatives belonging to the terrorist group.
“The areas will be closed to traffic for fear of a direct threat and in order to prevent possible harm to civilians,” the military said.
All roads heading west of route 232 had been closed in both directions, as well as Route 4 from the Zikim Junction to the Erez crossing, Route 34 from Yad Mordechai Junction to the Nir Am Crossing, and Route 232 from Nir Am to Kerem Shalom.
Later on Tuesday, the section of road 232 between Sa’ad and Kerem Shalom was reopened, although the rest of the named roads will remain closed on Wednesday.
Zikim Beach, which lies just north of the Strip, has also been closed to visitors, and train service between Ashkelon and Sderot has been canceled. The Erez crossing, the main crossing between Israel and Gaza, has also been closed. In addition, the Black Arrow monument, Givat Kobi Lookout in Sderot, the Hill of the Bells (Givat Ha’Pamonim) in Nir Am, and Givat Nazmit in Mefalsim have also been closed.
Classes at Sapir College in Sderot will take place online.
A spokesman for the group’s military wing, the Al-Quds Brigades, said, “All the organization’s forces are on high alert and ready to respond following the aggression against Sheikh Bassam al-Saadi and his family in Jenin.”
"All the organization's forces are on high alert and ready to respond following the aggression against Sheikh Bassam al-Saadi and his family in Jenin."Al-Quds Brigades Spokesperson
PIJ is known to have anti-tank guided missiles, and has targeted both civilian and military vehicles, killing Israeli civilians and IDF soldiers.
During the arrest, clashes broke out with local Palestinians, and three were injured. The Palestinian Authority’s Health Ministry said that 17-year-old Dirar al-Kafrayni was killed in the clashes after he threw an explosive device toward troops.
Gantz: Any threat to the citizens of Israel will be met with a powerful response
Defense Minister Benny Gantz stressed on Tuesday that Israel’s policy is “clear,” saying, “Those who want to work and live in good neighborliness will receive an outstretched hand. With the other hand we will hit anyone who wants to harm the citizens of Israel and carry out terrorism.
“The IDF, the Shin Bet and Border Police will continue their operational activities, with all tools and in all arenas. Any threat to the citizens of Israel will be met with a powerful response and we will of course be prepared for any scenario.”
Who is Bassam al-Saadi and why was he arrested?
Saadi, 62, was previously detained seven times by Israel for his role as PIJ’s top leader in the West Bank and his role in terrorism. He has served 15 years in Israeli prisons. Two of his sons, also part of the terrorist group, were killed by the Israeli military during the Second Intifada.
The Shin Bet said that Saadi was recently working hard “to restore the Islamic Jihad’s operations, in which he was instrumental in establishing a strong military force in Samaria in general and in Jenin in particular. His presence was a significant factor in radicalizing the organization’s operatives.”
Jenin, with its refugee camp, is one of the more violent cities in the West Bank with heavily armed militants from PIJ and other terrorist groups. Dozens of Palestinians have been arrested there by the IDF as part of Operation Break the Wave, and during every arrest raid, heavily armed militants opened fire on Israeli forces leading to Palestinian casualties.
Elsewhere in the West Bank, Israeli security personnel arrested 12 other Palestinians on suspicion of taking part in terrorist acts. Over the last few days, a total of 50 Palestinians have been arrested and interrogated by the Shin Bet.
Tzvi Joffre and Jerusalem Post Staff contributed to this report.


|Transport & Infrastructure||Start Date: 2014
End Date: Ongoing
International Turkmenbashi Port Project is world’s one of the biggest and multidisciplinary construction project. It is consisting of many different disciplines from Infrastructure to Energy, from Marine to Automotive, also including hundreds of building (architecture to superstructure elements). This huge project requires enormous number of procurement activities from different fields of expertise and from different countries around the world.
With a very demanding timeline, GAP Insaat’s challenge was to provide all necessary materials to the site, with required level of quality and timeframe needed. Because of the highest quality expectation of project owner, GAP Insaat need to work many countries around the world.
RINA was responsible provision on any material on site with the level of quality and timeline required.
Thanks to our worldwide organization, we are able to provide procurement inspection and expediting services for the materials/systems of very different types and disciplines.
We formed a management center in Turkey for Procurement inspection/expediting activities to support every local team during inspection activities in their country. Such team is responsible as single contact point for GAP Insaat.
We provided a project specific instruction, report formats and provided to each relevant country. With the cooperation of our Turkey team, we provided also technical support to the countries where the inspections took place.
According to the design of management of the services, each local team was responsible for commercial and operational activities with relevant manufacturer/provider. This gives autonomy and elasticity to the relevant office. By this, communication and operation between local office and manufacturer/provider became more efficient.
Key skills provided were:
With the above said organization and skills provided combined with huge experience provided by us, the correct and on time delivery of materials and systems to the site is assured.


STABILITY AND BIFURCATION OF ROTOR MOTION IN A MAGNETIC BEARING
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The equations of motion of a two-degrees-of-freedom mass in a magnetic bearing are non-linear in displacement, with geometric coupling of the magnetic bearing coupling the horizontal and vertical components of rotor motion. The non-linear forced response is studied in two ways: (1) using imbalance force; (2) using non-imbalance harmonic force. In the forced response, only periodic motion is investigated here. Stable periodic motion is obtained by numerical integration and by the approximate method of trigonometric collocation. Where unstable motion coexists with stable motion after a bifurcation of periodic motion, the unstable motion is obtained by the collocation method. The periodic motions' local stability and bifurcation behavior are obtained by Floquet theory. The parameters i.e., rotor speed, imbalance eccentricity, forcing amplitude, rotor weight, and geometric coupling are investigated to find regimes of non-linear behavior such as jumps and subharmonic motion. © 1998 Academic Press.
author list (cited authors)
Chinta, M., & Palazzolo, A. B.


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Young mum busted after smoking marijuana
A YOUNG mother has been told she has no reason to be smoking drugs or hanging around people who do, as she has her studies to focus on and the care of her baby.
Chelsi Dyane Herdman, 19, pleaded guilty on November 12 in Rockhampton Magistrates Court to one count each of possessing a dangerous drug and possessing a water pipe.
Police prosecutor Ignus Schoeman said police responded to a disturbance at a Norman Gardens residence about 9.45pm on October 23 and found a male and female at the residence.
He said police entered the dwelling to investigate the disturbance and found two broken glass pipes on the floor of a bedroom along with marijuana on a shelf.
Mr Schoeman said Herdman told police her co-accused purchased the marijuana four days prior and she had smoked some six hours prior to police arriving.
The marijuana weighed 2.08g.
Herdman had no criminal record.
Defence lawyer Lachlan Robertson said Herdman was a single mother of a 10-month-old and was studying aged care.
Magistrate Cameron Press said Herdman had no reason to be smoking illicit drugs, nor to hang around drugs.
He ordered her to pay a $700 fine and no convictions were recorded.

domain: law


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- 1. Homemade Pasta in White Sauce recipe
- 2. Pasta with White Sauce Recipe with Ve ables Indian Style
- 3. Creamy White Sauce Penne Pasta VIDEO
- 4. White Sauce Pasta Recipe Penne Pasta in White Sauce
- 5. Hungry Food Easy white sauce Farfalle Pasta
- 6. PASTA IN HOMEMADE WHITE SAUCE Cook with Kushi
- 7. PASTA IN HOMEMADE WHITE SAUCE Cook with Kushi
- 8. Recipe Easy White Sauce Pasta The Whimsical Whims of
- 9. Creamy Veg Pasta with Homemade White Sauce Recipe Indian
- 10. Pasta in White Sauce Chicken White Sauce Pasta Recipe
- 11. White Sauce Pasta with Ve ables My Food Story
- 12. Shrimp Pasta in White Sauce Recipe Taste and Tell
- 13. White Sauce Pasta White Sauce Pasta recipe
- 14. How To Make White Sauce Pasta Easy Pasta Recipe
- 15. White Sauce Pasta Recipe Penne Pasta in White Sauce
- 16. White Sauce Pasta Homemade White Sauce Pasta Recipe
- 17. PASTA IN HOMEMADE WHITE SAUCE Cook with Kushi
- 18. white sauce pasta recipe
- 19. White Sauce Pasta Béchamel Sauce Pasta Cook With Manali
- 20. Easy Oven Baked Chicken Pasta in Buttery White Sauce
- 21. pasta in white sauce recipe easy ve able white sauce
- 22. Pasta in White sauce
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- 24. Homemade Creamy Four Cheese Garlic Spaghetti Sauce is the
Top 24 Homemade White Pasta Sauce
.Simple, classic pasta recipes are always a crowd pleaser and also naturally budget pleasant. Plus, with so numerous specialty-diet-friendly pastas on the market today, pasta is also a lot more flexible than ever.
1. Homemade Pasta in White Sauce recipe
Best Homemade White Pasta Sauce
from Homemade Pasta in White Sauce recipe. Source Image: recipes.timesofindia.com. Visit this site for details: recipes.timesofindia.com
I have actually taken a few cooking courses where we made homemade pasta and I have the technique down! Do not be frightened by the process. I will certainly stroll you via it, step by step, and share as many ideas as well as techniques as I can.
2. Pasta with White Sauce Recipe with Ve ables Indian Style
Well, it’s a two component procedure. First you need to make the dough. After a rest duration, you will certainly after that roll it out as well as reduce it to your wanted shape. You can utilize the rolled dough to make pasta sheets, pastas, linguini, etc
3. Creamy White Sauce Penne Pasta VIDEO
Once the pasta is rolled as well as cut, you then have three choices. You can toss it in a pot of salty boiling water for a couple of minutes to eat it. If you do not intend on consuming all of it as soon as possible, you can keep it in an air limited container in the refrigerator or the freezer. Or, finally, you can hang your pasta on a drying out rack.
4. White Sauce Pasta Recipe Penne Pasta in White Sauce
Once the pasta is rolled and also reduced, you then have 3 selections. Or, lastly, you can hang your pasta on a drying out rack.
5. Hungry Food Easy white sauce Farfalle Pasta
I intend to cook my way with the book, and I started with a base recipe for yearn nut pasta sauce that covered a dish of whole-wheat spaghetti so perfectly it nearly really did not turn into one of the variations. The chunky puree of toasted pine nuts, olive oil, lemon as well as salt developed the cheesiest nondairy sauce I think I’ve ever tasted. I quickly included this technique– with want nuts, or another nut– to my collection. (A comparable point occurred with her first book, when I tried her way with tempeh, an ingredient I had not yet mastered, and also now I hardly ever make it otherwise.).
6. PASTA IN HOMEMADE WHITE SAUCE Cook with Kushi
The semolina provides the pasta extra attack. It adds to the taste and the structure. You can, of course, just use semolina, however I locate that the combination of the two flours produces a dough that is easy to deal with and tastes terrific.
7. PASTA IN HOMEMADE WHITE SAUCE Cook with Kushi
Once you combine every one of the ingredients, you have to massage the dough. You can most absolutely work the dough by hand, however it is a physically requiring procedure that will certainly work your arms for at the very least ten minutes. Pasta dough is not as soft as bread dough, so you would certainly remain in for an exercise.
8. Recipe Easy White Sauce Pasta The Whimsical Whims of
If the dough is also sticky, include a bit extra semolina flour right into it creates right into a sphere. If the dough is as well dry to come together, include water by the tablespoonful until it comes with each other.
9. Creamy Veg Pasta with Homemade White Sauce Recipe Indian
(Alternatively, you can utilize a mortar and also pestle to crush the nuts and grind up until a paste kinds. If you intend to use a regular-size mixer, you may need to double the sauce recipe to obtain it to blend efficiently. The sauce can be kept in a glass container in the refrigerator for as much as 1 month.).
10. Pasta in White Sauce Chicken White Sauce Pasta Recipe
Next off, you’ll just need to cover your dough, either with cling wrap or a towel, and also allow it rest a minimum of 30 minutes. This is what enables the gluten to create which will certainly offer your pasta the eat it requires.
11. White Sauce Pasta with Ve ables My Food Story
That initial recipe gets in touch with lemon juice and also mint, yet nowadays I’ve been going a deeper, sweeter path by toasting the eggplant with a pinch of cumin and also thickly sliced red onion, which get lovely and caramelized in the warm oven. I’ll consume this as a side dish with lamb chops or smoked infant back ribs.
12. Shrimp Pasta in White Sauce Recipe Taste and Tell
When I made the eggplant in particular, I located that I can extend its life by throwing it with cooked pastas– a quarter extra pound, which is the ideal part for me. A couple of even more active ingredients joined the party as I continued to fine-tune the meal: red pepper flakes for heat, rice vinegar for balance, and garlic for savoriness. (The benefit didn’t make the last cut because I consumed it all.).
13. White Sauce Pasta White Sauce Pasta recipe
You can and also I have actually had pasta made with just all-round flour, but I believed it tasted also doughy. I prefered the mix of semolina and AP, yet you can do either or.
14. How To Make White Sauce Pasta Easy Pasta Recipe
Is it an active ingredient, or a recipe? Who recognizes. Regardless, we like it, as well as it’s the base for a number of our midweek dishes, with a couple of pasta difficulties included for good measure.
15. White Sauce Pasta Recipe Penne Pasta in White Sauce
I just obtained my pasta maker in the mail for my kitchen help, googled “bon appetit fresh pasta recipe”, as well as made this recipe just now. As someone who has never ever made pasta before ever before, this recipe was a breeze as well as worked with my pasta device with simplicity!! I utilized the pasta that I made in the “White Pesto Pasta” recipe.
16. White Sauce Pasta Homemade White Sauce Pasta Recipe
This has actually become my best pasta recipe for whatever– ravioli, agnolotti, fettuccini, you name it. I’m currently living the university student dorm life as well as do not have access to my stand mixer, so I have actually been kneading the dough by hand (takes between 15-25 minutes depending on the humidity, my arm stamina, etc), as well as it functions equally as well. This dough presents so smoothly as well as is very forgiving, easy to improve as well as re-roll in the event of accidental splits.
17. PASTA IN HOMEMADE WHITE SAUCE Cook with Kushi
Luscious Cajun Chicken Pasta Dish out a zesty dinner for two with this hot and creamy linguini threw with an eye-opening mix of chicken strips sauteed with Cajun spices, vibrant bell peppers, mushrooms and also onions. Lotion, basil, lemon pepper as well as garlic powder complete the sauce.
18. white sauce pasta recipe
I couldn’t stand up to a bag of smooth, creamy-looking semolina the bulk shop the various other day, however, though I’ve been making pasta for years (with APF), I really did not quite know what to do with the Semolina! I think it is my project for today, to attempt this delicious looking recipe of your own.
19. White Sauce Pasta Béchamel Sauce Pasta Cook With Manali
We’ll constantly like marinara, but it’s time we started seeing other sauces. From vibrantly green pesto to our best alfredo, these pasta mattress toppers are perfect for when you require a break from red sauce.
20. Easy Oven Baked Chicken Pasta in Buttery White Sauce
In this rigatoni recipe broccoli is transformed into a cozy pesto with bits of garlic, crispy want nuts as well as parmesan for a spin on a timeless. Perfect for consuming broccoli florets and also ensured to decrease well with all the family, it’ll also get the kids eating their environment-friendlies as well. What’s even more, it’s vegetarian and all set in simply 20 mins – best for midweek.
21. pasta in white sauce recipe easy ve able white sauce
A healthy, low calorie, vegetarian pasta meal for 2. Wholewheat pastas adds fibre without impacting the taste and the broccoli is added to the pasta pan at the end of its food preparation for ease. The chilli, lemon as well as garlic sauce is basic but makes a flavoursome, vibrant sauce with a kick of warmth to layer the long hairs of pasta.
22. Pasta in White sauce
Lower Parmesan, pistachios, and olive oil each to 1/3 cup, include 1/4 cup water, as well as substitute in low-fat feta. 110 calories as well as 12 fat grams per offering.
23. White Sauce Pasta Creamy Bake Pasta Easy Steps
This fresh, lively pasta recipe makes a very easy vegetarian midweek dish (there are no anchovies in this puttanesca to make it vegetarian). The flavours of the cut puttanesca sauce are permitted to establish and mix with each other by leaving the active ingredients to represent 10 minutes while preparing the penne. The healthy, raw tomato sauce rises with olives, capers, garlic as well as chilli and also would certainly likewise function well thrown with cold pasta for a summer salad.
24. Homemade Creamy Four Cheese Garlic Spaghetti Sauce is the
Homemade Pasta is something everyone must make at the very least once in their lifetime. I make certain 99% of us prepare the standard dried out pasta that can be found in a box. There’s no injury in that. I do it myself! As soon as you make your very own homemade pasta, you’ll recognize how much different shop acquired dried out pasta, as well as even the fresh pasta from the store really is!.
Originally posted 2020-06-18 13:50:15.


How Welfare Undermines Independence
By David G. Green
Institute of Economic Affairs
$17.50 Paper Original
In recent years there has been a huge increase in the number of people who look to politicians for the means of life. In 1950 about four percent of the population relied on national assistance, the chief means-tested benefit. Today, nearly 17 percent of the population rely on its successor - income support. If we include other main means-tested benefits, housing benefit and council tax benefit, the figure rises to 27 percent.
Governments like to boast of the 'take-up' rate of certain benefits. David Green argues that the high proportion of the population dependent on benefits should be a cause of shame, not congratulation. Instead, he argues that we should publish Independence Figures to monitor the success or failure of public policy in encouraging self-reliance and responsible citizenship. Benefit dependency is intended as the first in a series of such publications.
David Green criticizes many poverty professionals for persistently inflating the numbers of the 'poor' by changing the scope of the definition. Furthermore, they treat the poor as powerless victims of external forces, whose problems can only be alleviated by large cash transfers. Instead, he argues, we need to revert to an earlier tradition of considering poverty in relation to character. This approach treats the poor as competant individuals who can escape from poverty once their enthusiasm and self-confidence are enlisted.
Health & Welfare
Series: The IEA Health & Welfare Unit Choice in Welfare
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Markets soared around the world this morning after a surprise announcement that the EU will use its bailout fund to give money directly to failing banks instead of forcing governments to accept bailout conditions for the money. It is the first time a change of strategy has actually been agreed, prompted in part by the growing scale of the financial meltdown in southern Europe.
The Spanish and Italians were reportedly ruthless in their negotiations, threatening to block ‘everything’ until something was done to bring down their borrowing costs. It makes sense, considering many were genuinely fearful that borrowing would become so expensive for the two countries, and bailout terms so stringent, that they would be unable to keep their financial sector afloat. For example, Spain’s 10-year bond yields have spent a lot of time topping the psychologically important 7% mark over the last few weeks, touching record highs and fuelling speculation that it would not be long before the government simply could not borrow any more.
But even in the early hours last night, their rumbustiousness looked as though it may bring the talks off the rails. David Cameron left the talks at around 1am, whilst other leaders continued to debate. Against this backdrop many were flabbergasted when EU president Herman van Rompuy hailed the surprise deal as ‘a commitment to the irreversibility of the euro’. If it’s so permanent, we’d better hope they’ve got it right!
But the saga is certain to continue, as the fix will only mean that the indebted banks will not be allowed to collapse completely. It will not eradicate the vast debts that are the root of the crisis – and cheap credit so that the two countries can continue to live beyond their means is certain to fuel further difficulties. Furthermore, Angela Merkel has repeatedly warned (and reiterated today) that there is no magic formula for solving the crisis.
But with this new measure, let’s hope the continent’s banks can stay afloat until the next crunch talks…


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British Airwaysis considering expansion of its all-business London City flights toother destinations in the eastern USA, following the opening of NewYork services last September. Chief executive Willie Walsh says the airline had received plenty offeedback suggesting other destinations – among them Washington andBoston – and says that BA is looking at their potential. Continue reading… […]
Tag Archives | British Airways
Carriers are on track to complete, within six months, modificationof nearly 1,900 Trent engines considered vulnerable to the fuel icingwhich brought down a British Airways Boeing 777-200ER two years ago. UK investigators have formally concluded that flight BA038 fromBeijing crashed on approach to London Heathrow after a highly-unusualset of circumstances conspired to restrict the fuel […]
This week’s Image of the Week (featured on page 3 of Flight International), is taken by AirSpace user Allan. His photo depicts a row of British Airways A319s. Start a gallery on AirSpace for your chance at having your photograph featured as our Image of the Week.
Picture credit: oneworld British Airways is to ground 16 aircraft for the upcoming winter season, to rein in capacity following the sharp decline in passenger demand. The airline will ground eight Boeing 747-400s and eight 757-200s to cut capacity by 4% for winter 2009-10. Continue reading…
British protoype Concorde 002′s (registered G-BSST) maiden flight from Filton, was flown by Brian Trubshaw (left) and co-pilot John Cochrane (right). For more images of Concorde see the gallery on AirSpace including a mock up of the interior and an image of the first landing back to Fairford on the same day (9 April 1969). Why […]
British Airways was offered up for sale by the British government. This archive entry is actually from November 1986 reporting that the UK Department of Transport has announced that British Airways will be privatised “in the early weeks of 1987″. The announcement of BA’s privatisation was beset with hold-ups including an anti-trust case in which the US […]
The GB Olympics team lands back at London Heathrow following a successful Beijing Olympic Games in a specially painted gold-nosed British Airways Boeing 747.
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The OpenET Alliance has announced its initial members and released an updated interface specification for envelope tracking in cellular terminals. Named members include Altair Semiconductor, Anadigics, Huawei, Maxim, Nujira, Sony, and the University of Florence. The updated interface specification for terminals includes recommended system noise specifications to support full-bandwidth Long-Term Evolution (LTE) signals. In addition to the envelope tracking interface specifications, the OpenET Alliance, through its systems working group, is developing a common system simulation model to ensure that all participants share a deep understanding of system issues that underpin specification and design choices. It is expected that this will lead to earliest delivery of effective components and products.


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Visiting Yellowstone Wolves Evokes New Emotions
“…the best wolf habitat resides in the human heart. You have to leave a little space for them to live.” – Ed Bangs (Former Wolf Recovery Coordinator U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
Yellowstone: The “little space” wolves were given in 1995 and 1996 when the federal government gave the green light to return wolves to portions of their native range in the West. The reintroduction of gray wolves to our first national park has been described as a near-miracle, having occurred at one of those rare moments when stars align in the political sky.
A wildlife conservation effort with such positive environmental impact (and ongoing controversy) will likely go unmatched for a long time. But with the support of the American public almost two decades ago, a new chapter in Yellowstone’s history began, with a homecoming that changed the Park.
Many people are familiar with “The Yellowstone Story:” the remarkable rejuvenation of the Yellowstone landscape since the reintroduction of this keystone species. Wolves were exterminated in the Park by the mid-1920s but, since wolf populations were restored, scientists have noted more diverse plant and wildlife thriving where they had been suppressed for decades.
Articles and books for children and adults alike have recounted this narrative and wildlife enthusiasts have flocked to Yellowstone to behold the “wolf-effect” first hand. Since the arrival of those first 14 wolves, the species have thrived in the park, inspiring those who spy them through their scopes. I’ve been to the park a half a dozen times in recent years, but my October outing with the National Wolfwatcher Coalition was full of “firsts.”
I brought my 5-year-old daughter with me, and for the first time I was given the amazing opportunity to experience Yellowstone first hand and through her eyes as well. We watched a Rough-Legged Hawk tirelessly plummet from the sky into the tall grass to come up empty handed time and time again. “Good for the mouse, bad for the bird,” she said. We watched wolves pursue elk and emerge victorious. “Good for the wolves, bad for the elk,” she said. Nature’s balance.
It was also my first visit to the park during wolf hunting season. A piece of Yellowstone is located in Montana, another in Idaho, but the majority of the park falls in Wyoming – a state that permits wolves to be killed by any means, at any time, without a license in all but its northwest corner. Wolves sheltered in the park have always known threats. Wolf populations regulate themselves by natural forces such as intra-pack strife, competition with neighboring packs and predators, and ailments like distemper and mange. Packs continuously emerge and collapse; it’s Nature’s way. But with authorized wolf hunts in every state that borders the park, Yellowstone wolves face countless threats and some not lawful. During our stay a dead horse was staged just outside the northern border of the Park to lure members of the often observed Blacktail pack beyond the safety of Yellowstone’s reach. Many of the Park’s neighboring communities are avidly anti-wolf and sometimes the more popular the wolf, the bigger target they become. With so many unnatural threats, will the balance my daughter so easily recognized be lost?
How is it that wolves can be considered so worthless, when they alone have drawn an abundance of tourists to Yellowstone since their return to the West? National Parks Service estimates that wolf watchers bring $35M tourism dollars to the greater Yellowstone area annually. Sadly, the economic and ecological value of wolves remains ignored. By the end of December 2012, the Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming hunts claimed 338 wolves including at least 10 wolves from Yellowstone. I do encourage young and old to visit Yellowstone, to be touched it’s dynamic landscape and it’s well adapted beasts. But be mindful to support those who do not aim to destroy the very purpose of your visit.
WCC Acting Director, Maggie Howell


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Iron ore may be soon draw more than an economic benefit for Australians, with WA-based The Helicon Group planning to use the resource to treat cancer.
According to The West Australian the medical company is planning to spend $3 million over the next 18 months experimenting with iron ore.
The company said it was planning to use iron oxide nanoparticles as an experimental thermal cancer treatment on animals.
The plan is to inject the particles into a tumour and use a magnet to heat them and destroy the tumour.
It is hoped the treatment will be able to have a minimal impact on surrounding tissue.
Helicon chief executive Fabio Pannuti told The West Australian the company was looking to source its iron ore from local producers.
“At present the nanoparticles are sourced in Germany but as we’re an Australian company we would like to partner with a large mining company here,” he said.
He said the experimental treatment was still in its early days but there was a possibility it could one day be used on humans.
“Obviously the Holy Grail is to achieve a result in humans, but at this stage our main plan is to develop an animal model that can kick off in 18 months time.”
Image: Business Standard


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Why We Need the Theory of Sampling
Without representative sampling, measurement uncertainty is compromised. Here, we present the current Theory of Sampling versus Measurement Uncertainty debate. The verdict? Nolo contendere!
Kim H. Esbensen, Claas Wagner |
The purpose of sampling is to extract a representative amount of material from a ‘lot’ – the ‘sampling target’. It is clear that sampling must and can only be optimized before analysis. In a recent paper, we show how non-representative sampling processes will always result in an invalid aliquot for measurement uncertainty (MU) characterization (1).
A specific sampling process can either be representative – or not. If sampling is not representative, we have only undefined, mass-reduced lumps of material without provenance (called ‘specimens’ in the theory of sampling) that are not actually worth analyzing. Only representative aliquots reduce the MU of the full sampling-and-analysis process to its desired minimum; and it is only such MU estimates that are valid. Sampling ‘correctness’ (which we define later) and representativity are essential elements of the sampling process.
TOS Versus MU in Brief
Current Measurement Uncertainty (MU) approaches do not take sufficient account of all sources affecting the measurement process, in particular the impact of sampling errors. All pre-analysis sampling steps (from primary sample extraction to laboratory mass reduction and handling – sub-sampling, splitting and sample preparation procedures – to the final analytical test portion extraction) play an important, often dominating role in the total uncertainty budget, which, if not included, critically affects the validity of measurement uncertainty estimates.
Most sampling errors are not included in the current MU framework, including incorrect sampling errors (ISEs), which are only defined in the theory of sampling (TOS). If ISEs are not appropriately reduced, or fully eliminated, all measurement uncertainty estimates are subject to uncontrollable and inestimable sampling bias,which is not a similar to the statistical bias because it is not constant. The sampling bias cannot, therefore, be subjected to conventional bias-correction. TOS describes why all sources of sampling bias must be competently eliminated – or sufficiently reduced (in a fully documentable way) – to make MU estimates valid. TOS provides all the theoretical and practical countermeasures required for the task.
TOS must be involved before traditional MU to provide a representative analytical aliquot; otherwise, a given MU estimate does not comply with its own metrological intentions.
The Theory of Sampling – TOS – has been established over the last 60 years as the only theoretical framework that:
i) deals comprehensively with sampling
ii) defines representativity
iii) defines material heterogeneity
iv) furthers all practical approaches needed in achieving the required representative test portion.
The starting point of every measurement process is the primary lot. All lots are characterized by significant material heterogeneity – a concept only fully acknowledged and defined by TOS – where it is crucially subdivided into constitutional heterogeneity and distributional heterogeneity (spatial heterogeneity). The heterogeneity concept (and its many manifestations) are introduced and discussed in complete detail in the pertinent literature (4-12). The full pathway from ‘lot-to-analytical-aliquot’ is complex (and in some aspects counter-intuitive because of specific manifestations of heterogeneity) and is subject to many types of uncertainty contributions in addition to analysis.
Unfortunately, the GUM (2) and EURACHEM/CITAC (3) guides focus only on estimating the total MU in a completely passive mode. TOS, on the other hand, focuses on the conceptual and practical active steps needed to minimize all sampling contributions to MU. The main thrust of our argument is that if the test portion is not representative – in other words, if all sampling error effects have not been reduced or eliminated where possible – all MU estimates are compromised. But this does not have to be the case – TOS to the fore!
The impact of heterogeneity
Proper understanding of the phenomenon of heterogeneity, its influence on sampling correctness and, most importantly, how heterogeneity can be counteracted in the sampling process requires a certain level of understanding. Here, we present a bare minimum of TOS tenets to give an appreciation of the deficiencies inherent in current MU approaches.
Before defining these concepts theoretically, Figure 1 illustrates selected examples of the many appearances of heterogeneity. In reality, heterogeneity exhibits almost infinite manifestations – a point that appears rather hopeless at first.
Heterogeneity plays out its role on all scales from constituent particles to full lot scale, and can only be fully understood by considering both constitutional and distributional aspects and characteristics. Irregular and segregated heterogeneity, for example stratification, layering, or significant individual grain irregularity, cannot be expected to follow any standard statistical distribution. Figure 1D shows a strongly heterogeneous spatial distribution – all grains with diameters above the average have been dyed blue, while all spherules with diameters below-average remain white. In this example, heterogeneity is partly physical and partly compositional because the spherules actually carry different grades/contents of the analyte in question. Compositional heterogeneity is also clear in Figure 1F: which grapes are ripe and ready for harvesting and which are not? These examples are only meant to illustrate the serious issues surrounding securing representative primary samples; there are many other examples in the literature.
Already, it should seem obvious that the notion of modeling every manifestation of heterogeneity within the fixed concepts of systematic and random variability is too simple to cover the almost infinite variations of the real world’s lot and material heterogeneity. This fact is argued and illustrated in full detail in the TOS literature. Previously, it has been argued that it is obvious that grab sampling will (always) fail in this context. Composite sampling is the only way forward (18).
For well-mixed materials (those that appear ‘homogenous’ to the naked eye, for example, Figure 1E), notions of simple random sampling have often been thought to lend support to the statistical assumption of systematic and random variability components; however, these comprise only a very minor proportion of materials with special characteristics, so clearly cannot be used to justify the same approach for significantly heterogeneous materials.
Theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of heterogeneity shows that the total heterogeneity of all types of lot material must be discriminated as two complements, the constitutional heterogeneity (CH) and distributional heterogeneity (DH). CH depends on the chemical and/or physical differences between individual ‘constituent units’ in the lot (particles, grains, kernels), generically termed ‘fragments’. Each fragment can exhibit any analyte concentration between 0 and 100 percent. When a lot (L) is sampled using single-increment procedures – grab sampling – CHL manifests itself in the form of a fundamental sampling non-representativity. The effect of this fundamental sampling error (FSE) – which is unavoidable using grab sampling – is the most fundamental tenet of TOS. CHL increases when the compositional difference between fragments increases; CHL can only be reduced by comminution, typically crushing.
DHL, on the other hand, reflects the irregular spatial distribution of the constituents at all scales between the sampling tool volume and the entire lot. DHL is caused by the inherent tendency of particles to cluster and segregate locally (grouping) as well as more pervasively throughout the lot (segregation, layering) – or a combination of the two, as exemplified in the bewildering diversity of material heterogeneity in science, nature, technology and industry. DHL can only be reduced by mixing and/or by informed use of composite sampling with a tool that allows a high number of increments (4, 8, 11-13).
It is rarely possible to carry out forceful mixing of an entire primary lot. Therefore, if sampling lots have a high DHL, there is a very high likelihood for significant primary sampling errors: FSE + a grouping and segregation error (GSE). That is, of course, unless you pay close attention to the full complement of TOS principles.
The good news is that once you have acknowledged the principles of TOS, they are applicable to all stages and operations from the lot scale to the laboratory – representative sampling is scale-invariant. Lots come in all forms, shapes and sizes spanning the whole gamut of at least eight orders of magnitude, from microgram aliquots to million ton industrial or natural system lots.
It is critical to note that DHL is not a permanent, fixed property of the lot; GSE effects cannot be reliably estimated, as the spatial heterogeneity varies in both space and time as lots are manipulated, transported, on- and off-loaded, and so on. DHL can be changed intentionally (reduced) by forceful mixing, but can also be altered unintentionally, for example, by transportation, material handling or even by laboratory bench agitation.
An essential insight from TOS is that it is futile to estimate DHL based on assumptions of constancy. TOS instead focuses on the necessary practical counteracting measures that will reduce GSE as much as possible (the goal is full elimination) as an integral part of the sampling and sub-sampling process. In reality, it is rarely possible to completely eliminate GSE effects but they can always be brought under sufficient quantitative control (15).
Most materials in science, technology and industry are demonstrably not composed of many identical units. Instead the DHL irregularity is overwhelming (the illustrations in Figure 1 only show the tip of the iceberg). Lot heterogeneity (CHL + DHL), especially DHL, is simply too irregular and erratic to be accounted for by traditional statistical approaches that rely on systematic/random variability. In fact, this issue constitutes the primary difference between TOS and MU.
Representative sampling in practice
The focus of TOS is not on ‘the sample’ but exclusively on the sampling process that produces the sample – a subtle distinction with very important consequences. Without specific qualification of the sampling process, it is not possible to determine whether a particular sample is representative or not. Loosely referring to ‘representative samples’ without fully described, understandable and documented lot provenance and sampling processes is an exercise in futility. We repeat: a sampling process is either representative or it is not representative; there is no declination possible of this adjective.
The primary requirement in this context is sampling correctness, which means elimination of all bias-generating errors, termed ‘incorrect sampling errors’ (ISE) in TOS. After meeting this requirement (using only correct sampling procedures and equipment), the main thrust in TOS is to ensure an equal likelihood for all increments of the lot to be selected and extracted as part of an increment. This is called the ‘Fundamental Sampling Principle’ (FSP), without which all chances of representativity are lost. FSP underlies all other matters in TOS.
A unified approach for valid estimation of the sum of all sampling errors (TSE) and all analytical errors (TAE) was recently presented in the form of a new international standard, ‘DS 3077 Representative Sampling - HORIZONTAL standard’ (15). This standard analyzes the general sampling scenario comprehensively, especially how heterogeneity interacts with the sampling process and what to do about it.
A call for integration
We have shown that MU is not a fully comprehensive, universal, nor guaranteed approach to estimate a valid total measurement uncertainty if it does not include all relevant sampling effects. Around 60 years of theoretical development and application of TOS practice have shown that sampling, sample handling and sample preparation processes are associated with significantly larger uncertainty components, TSE, than the analysis (measurement) itself, TAE, typically multiplying total analytical error (TAE) by 10-50 times, dependent on the specific lot heterogeneity and sampling process in question. Occasional, very special deviations from this scenario cannot be generalized.
While GUM focuses on TAE only, the EURACHEM guide does point out some of the potential sampling uncertainty sources, but does not provide sampling operators with the necessary means to take appropriate actions. Only TOS specifies which types of errors can – and should – be eliminated (incorrect sampling errors, ISE) and which cannot, but which must instead be minimized (‘correct sampling errors’, CSE); our critique (1) crucially shows how!
Strikingly, the MU literature does not allow for sufficient understanding of the heterogeneity concept (CHL and DHL) or acknowledges the necessary practical sampling competence, both of which are essential for representative sampling. Incorrect sampling errors are non-existent in the MU framework, and the grouping and segregation error is only considered to an incomplete extent, leaving the TAE and the fundamental sampling error as the only main sources of measurement uncertainty here.
Also, the critically important sampling bias is only considered to a limited extent and only based on assumptions of statistical constancy. However, the main feature of the sampling bias is its very violation of constancy, which follows directly from a realistic understanding of heterogeneity. The only scientifically acceptable way to deal with the sampling bias is to eliminate it, as has been the main tenet of TOS since its inception in 1950 by its founder Pierre Gy (see sidebar). Here lies the major distinction between TOS and MU: TOS states that the sampling bias is a reflection of the incorrect sampling error effects interacting with a specific heterogeneity, whereas MU limits itself to acknowledging a statistical (constant) bias resulting from systematic effects attributable to protocols or people only (1).
MU is a top-down approach that is dependent upon an assumed framework of random and constant systematic effects (wrong), so individual uncertainty sources, such as GSE and ISE, are not subject to separate identification, concern, estimation, nor appropriate action (elimination/reduction). Indeed, the full measure of uncertainty sources connected to sampling, TSE, are almost completely disregarded in the MU approach. It is simply assumed that the analytical sample, which ends up as the test portion, has been extracted and mass reduced in a representative fashion. But if this assumption does not hold up, the uncertainty estimate of the analyte concentration is invalid; it will unavoidably be too small by an unknown, but significant (and variable) degree. The very different perspectives offered by MU and TOS are in serious need of clarification and reconciliation.
To that end, we call for an integration of TOS with the MU approach, illustrated by Figure 2, which shows three interconnected fishbone diagrams representing sampling, sample preparation and the standard complement of measurement uncertainty sources. Note that the intermediary complement represents the specific sample preparation error types, vividly illustrated and commented upon in a recent article in The Analytical Scientist (16).
To prevent underestimation of active uncertainty sources, we must integrate the effects of all three components (sample extraction stage, sample preparation stage and analytical stage), which can actually be done in a seamless fashion; there is no need to change the current framework for MUanalysis only to acknowledge the critical role played by TOS, which is to say, the framework for MUsampling.. These sampling and sample preparation branches should be implemented in every MU framework, as sampling uncertainty contributions logically must be dealt with ahead of the traditional measurement uncertainties. In this scheme, TOS delivers a valid, representative analytical aliquot (the horizontal arrow in Figure 2) as a basis for the now valid MUanalysis estimation.
An end to the debate?
Hopefully, we have explained the critical deficiencies in MU and have shown that TOS should be introduced as an essential first part in the complete measurement process framework, taking charge and responsibility of all sampling issues at all scales – along the entire lot-to-aliquot process. We want to see a much-needed reconciliation between two frameworks that have, for too long, been the subject of quite some antagonism. Indeed, the ‘debate’ between the TOS and MU communities has at times been unnecessarily hard, but we may add that such hostilities have been unilateral (always directed towards TOS). A ‘representative (!) example of this quite unnecessary confrontation can be appreciated in the appendix of a recent doctoral thesis (17).
Squabbling aside, we hope that our efforts are seen as a call for constructive integration of TOS and MU, and look forward to comments from the wider community.
Kim H. Esbensen is a research professor at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Claas Wagner is an energy and environmental consultant and specialist in feed and fuel QA/QC.
Pierre Gy and the History of TOS
Pierre Gy was born in Paris in 1924. He obtained a Masters degree in chemical engineering (1956), a PhD in physics (1960) and another PhD in mathematical statistics in 1975. Pierre has been awarded four major international scientific organization awards, including two gold medals from the Société de l‘industrie minérale, and the Lavoisier Medal.
A special issue of “Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems” was dedicated to the scholar’s distinguished achievements in science and technology: “50 years of the Theory of Sampling (TOS)” (7), which includes a tribute to Pierre Gy that summarizes his scientific career; a three-paper series: “Sampling of particulate materials I-III” ; as well as “50 years of sampling theory – a personal history”; and a listing of his complete scientific oeuvre – the latter five comprise the last professionally published papers from the pen of Pierre himself. In it, he outlines the complex history and the reason behind the development of TOS in a fascinating web of personal, scientific and industrial stories. The special issue also forms the proceedings of the First World Conference on Sampling and Blending (WCSB1), which was dedicated to the 50-year anniversary.
- K. H. Esbensen and C. Wagner, “Theory of Sampling (TOS) vs. Measurement Uncertainty (MU) – a call for integration”, Trends in Analytical Chemistry (2014). doi:10.1016/j.trac.2014.02.007.
- GUM, “Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement”, JCGM 100:2008 (2008).
- EURACHEM, CITAC, “Measurement uncertainty arising from sampling: a guide to methods and approaches”, Eurachem, 1st edition, EUROLAB, Nordtest, UK RSC Analytical Methods Committee. Editors: M. H. Ramsey and S. L. R. Ellison. (2007).
- P. M. Gy, “Sampling for Analytical Purposes” (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 1998).
- P. M. Gy, “Proceedings of First World Conference on Sampling and Blending”, Special Issue of Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 74, 7–70 (2004).
- K. H. Esbensen et al., “ Representative process sampling – in practice: variographic analysis and estimation of total sampling errors (TSE). Proceedings 5th Winter Symposium of Chemometrics (WSC-5), Samara 2006”, Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 88 (1), 41–49 (2007).
- K. H. Esbensen and P. Minkkinen (Eds.)., “Special issue: 50 Years of Pierre Gy’s theory of sampling: proceedings: first world conference on sampling and blending (WCSB1). Tutorials on sampling: theory and practice”, Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 74 (1), 1-236 (2004).
- K. H. Esbensen and L. J. Petersen, “Representative Sampling, Data Quality, Validation – A Necessary Trinity in Chemometrics”, In: S. Brown, R. Tauler, and R. Walczak (Eds.) Comprehensive Chemometrics, volume 4, 1–20 (Oxford: Elsevier, 2010).
- L. Petersen, C. K. Dahl, and K. H. Esbensen, “Representative mass reduction: a critical survey of techniques and hardware”, Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 74, 95–114 (2004).
- L. Petersen et al., “Representative sampling for reliable data analysis. Theory of sampling”, Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 77 (1–2), 261–277 (2005).
- F. F. Pitard, “Pierre Gy’s Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice” (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2nd edition, 1993).
- F. F. Pitard, “Pierre Gy’s Theory of Sampling and C. O. Ingamell’s Poisson Process Approach. Pathways to Representative Sampling and Appropriate Industrial Standards”, Dr. Techn. Thesis, Aalborg University, Denmark. ISBN: 978-87-7606-032-9.
- P. L. Smith, “A Primer for Sampling Solids, Liquids and Gases – Based on the Seven Sampling Errors of Pierre Gy” (ASA SIAM, USA, 2001).
- F. F. Pitard, D. Francois-Bongarcon, “Demystifying the Fundamental Sampling Error and the Grouping and Segregation Error for practitioners”, Proceedings World Conference on Sampling and Blending 5 (WCSB), 39-56, Santiago, Chile (2011).
- DS-3077, “Representative Sampling – HORIZONTAL Standard (draft CEN proposal). www.ds.dk. DS 3077:2013. ICS: 03. 120. 30; 13.080.05 (2013).
- H. Janssen, D. Benanou, and F. David, “Three Wizards of Sample Preparation”, The Analytical Scientist, 18, 20–26 (2014).
- C. Wagner, “Non-representative sampling versus data reliability – Improving monitoring reliability of fuel combustion processes in large-scale coal and biomass-fired power plants”, PhD Thesis, Aalborg University, Denmark. ISBN: 978-87-93100-49-7 (2013).
- K. H. Esbensen, “The Critical Role of Sampling,” The Analytical Scientist, 12, 21-22 (2014).

domain: literature


text:
Location not disclosed
Joined on 3/6/19
Charnime doesn't have any playlists, and should go check out some amazing content on the site and start adding some!
Attention all animators, artists and musical producers: We are looking for help with
re-animating the Clint Eastwood music video as a 20th anniversary gift for Gorillaz! You can participate as one of 3 things:
This is the main stuff. Re-animating 1-10 second clips (in exception of the 20 second intro).
This will be for people who, instead of animating, want to contribute to the fan art section of the video and/or want to make a thumbnail for the video.
3.) Music producer.
For the end credits, I am looking for someone who can make an upbeat song. I don't really have any requirements for genre, but it must be over 1 minute long.

domain: hobby


text:
- Paperback: 256 pages
- Publisher: Canterbury Press Norwich (1 Sept. 2004)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 1853115908
- ISBN-13: 978-1853115905
- Product Dimensions: 19.2 x 2.2 x 24.3 cm
- Average Customer Review: 4.3 out of 5 stars See all reviews (3 customer reviews)
- Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 460,572 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Creating Uncommon Worship Paperback – 1 Sep 2004
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"The term 'groundbreaking' can be applied to this latest book by Richard Giles without any fear of exaggeration. (...)the author's vivid insights into the needs of worship in the post-modern context have much to say about the use and nature of new liturgical spaces." (The Universe)
"This handsomely produced book will appeal to those who read and profited from Richard Gile's previous volume 'Re-pitching the tent'.(...) an easy read and filled with good ideas." (Geoffrey Kirk New Directions 2004-11-01)
"Either there will have been a renaissance broadly along the lines that Giles suggests, or else there will be little liturgical worship left, because so much ground will have been ceded to those who have absolutely no understanding of what a wonderful gift it is: of the freedom that it gives, the grace that it conveys." (The Revd Edward Dowlerm Church Times)
"The bibliograhpy is interesting. (...) The two chapters 'Principles' and 'Practice' make it particularly valuable as a tool for those engaging in the renewal of parish worship and the liturgical reordering of their church building." (Austin Winkley Renew 2005-03-01)
"Creating Incommon Worship is the opposite of a counsel of despair. Richard Giles believes that good liturgy can change the world, and that the task of Christians today is to 'out-imagine' the negative forces of terror and the fear of terror that beset Western society." (Briony Martin Church Times 2004-11-01)
"I found this one of the most stimulating and challenging books I have read for ages. If you read one book about liturgy this year, make it this one.(...) I is clear, well produced, with striking colour illustrations, well indexed, with fifteen appendices of suggestions for each part of the service. You could give this to any member of your congregation and they would be stimulated and intrigued, but they might want to change much of what happens in church! (...) Giles has a sense of humour as well as a sense of authority. This is a book to test our prejudices as well as our practice, to return to again and again. Easy to read and very accessible, Giles is passionate that our worship needs to reflect God's passionate concern for us." (Julian Reindorp Ministry Today)
"Here is a book about liturgy and liturgical space, which always expresses the relationship with God. (...)This beautiful and innovative book forces onte to think in new ways about developing worship (...)." (Philip Tyers Praxis News on Worship)
"Giles's book is well written. He clearly explains each part of the liturgy and gives helpful advice not only about liurgical reform but also in relation to why certain acts are performed during the Eucharistic liturgy, whether they are words or actions. The book is helpful not only to those seeking liturgical reform but also to those wishing to know more about the liturgy of the Eucharist form a Roman, Anglican or Lutheran perspective. It is a good reference book that can be used in many different ways; although not easy to read from cover to cover, it is a useful resource that can be dipped into." (Susan Jones Rural theology)
"It is an uplifting and engaging 'how to' on the structure, shape, flow and movement of liturgy. With the use of many photographs, both in colour and black-and-white, and a writing style which encompasses both the theory as well as the practicalities of reshaping such a space, it is a book which should be included in every liturgist's bookshelf. Giles's introductory material is very helpful, and includes examples of excellence in liturgy from many different places. Giles's sense of honour and his sense of reality come shining through: This book involves itself not at all in the 'this-is-the-way-it-must-be-done' school but rather in a style which says "This is how we knew we needed to worship; this is how we managed it; here is how you can try it yourself." (...) I think this is a good book, one which deserves to be read, discussed, and enjoyed." (The Very Reverend Peter Wall Liturgy Canada)
"I loved this book! It is gloriously rebellious and I sense that Giles, writing from the dual perspective of West Yorkshire and Philadelphia, might well have been the child in the crowd who proclaimed the emperor to have no clothes on! It is also wonderfully creative - offering, as it does, models for a fresh expression of liturgical tradition and text. (...) I commend this book to all who are responsible for ordering and leading our worship." (Adrian Burdon Epworth Review 2006-04-01)
About the Author
Richard Giles is author of the best-selling 'Re-pitching the Tent', the dedinitive guide to reordering church buildings.
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Top Customer Reviews
There is a theological distinction which affects the way we do worship: does a particular congregation believe firmly in priesthood belonging only to those ordained as priests by a bishop, or is it a quality of all believers? Within the Anglican church, the former is always possible since it is an Episcopalian church but there is certainly a warm acceptance of the concept of the ministry of all believers. Giles, however, takes this point a step further, and shows how to create (Anglican) services which demonstrate the 'priesthood of the gathered assembly' of believers. This makes the priest a liturgical leader, certainly, but as first among equals in a flattened hierarchy rather than as one who stands well above the congregation.
For those who are interested in revitalising the church, whether they call what they are doing 'Fresh Expressions' or not - this book makes fascinating reading. I just wish all our congregation would read it too!
Lay Reader of the Church in Wales
Most Helpful Customer Reviews on Amazon.com (beta)
Fr. Joseph Neiman
"Creating Uncommon Worship", however, would have been better suited to the title, "Kicking Out the Tent-Poles", because what was a wonderful beginning has now went sour.
First, let me highlight the strong points. The photography is wonderful, and will fill the reader with food for thought. The re-arrangment of the Philadelphia Cathedral depicted in the book is an excellent model for those seeking a return to basilican-style celebrations of the Eucharist. The fonts were very readable, and the book has a wonderful layout. Did I mention that the photographs were nice?
Now, for the remainder of my comments. Rev. Giles' attitide towards those who love older forms of the liturgy is inexcusable. At one point, Giles blasts away at a church in New England where the pastor celebrated the Eucharist ad orientem (facing 'east'). He makes many comments that suggest blatantly ignoring the rubrics of the liturgy, and even challenges (at points) the authority of the bishop. Such an attitude on the part of a priest is inexcusable, and publishing it in such a manner as to encourage such behavior in other places is horrifying.
What Giles is commending to modern usage is the abandonment of, in essence, all tradition that he does not see befitting of the 'modern' Church.
Sadly, in his strive to be relavant, Giles misses out on the entire point of the Liturgy... to teach the truth. His regular rampages about 'blurring the lines' between cleric and laity seem to indicate a raging anti-clericalisim, which is strange given the fact that he is an ordained priest of the Church of England and is functioning in the United States as the dean of a cathedral.
Please, don't get me wrong, there are plenty of gems in this book for consideration - though most of the theology is, in my opinion, at best contrived - yet generally rubbish. Giles' main intent in writing this book seems to be his desire to further irritate those who are loyal to their ordination oaths and the rubrics of their liturgies.
In reading the book, I became so disgusted with Giles' attitude that I was tempted to go to the Church and shove the Altar back up against the wall and celebrate with my back to the people.
I sincerely hope that, in any further books, Giles would refrain from such an attitude display. He has some good food for thought (his section on the Eucharistic Prayer, while still filled with jibes and barbs, is quite insightful), plowing through the weeds and brambles is too much work for me.
"Creating Uncommon Worship" will take up a not-so-honored place on my shelf for the time being, until I finally can justify selling it to someone else.


text:
Staring at Sound: The True Story of Oklahoma’s Fabulous Flaming Lips
by Jim DeRogatis
Admittedly, the story of the Flaming Lips is hard to beat in terms of sheer inspiration. Misfits make good in the rock world and don’t become assholes? Yeah, I’ll have some more of that, please. Somewhere between Beach Boys perfect pop striving (bearing gorgeous fruit in their later albums), British psychedlia/eccentricity, hardcore noise, and a peculiar brand of rugged individualism that sprung up from the darker corners of the nascent American alternative movement – one that gave root to stellar collectives like the Butthole Surfers, Scratch Acid, and Big Black – the Lips made it, and made it big.
The basic plot of Staring at Sound (and it does feel more like a fanciful story than gritty, tragic rock truth, which is fine by me, we need some new myths) follows Wayne Coyne and his fellow travelers from nowhere restaurant jobs in Oklahoma City into the heart of the burgeoning “college radio circuit” where they make a name for themselves with warped noisemaking and psychedelic fearlessness. Band members come and go, the sound becomes honed down to the early 90s radio hit, “She Don’t Use Jelly,” and stardom (and Lollapalooza) follow.
As the alternative boomlet died down, the Lips went underground, reinvigorating themselves with art-for-art’s-sake experiments like Zaireeka and preparing for their next transformation. Utterly disproving the maxim that there are no second acts in pop, the Lips pushed aside the one-hit wonder albatross that “Jelly” had become, to melt everyone’s brain with the day-glo baroque of Yoshimi Vs. The Pink Robots, The Soft Bulletin, and live shows replete with grand theatrics enacted on a less-than-shoestring budget.
That same visual presentation (on which they put a lot of emphasis) is the thing that I personally like best about the Flaming Lips. Their strong streak of DIY amateurism and fuck-it independence puts them more in the peer group with John Waters, Russ Meyer, William Castle, and Ed Wood. Tell me you don’t see some Plan 9 from Outer Space or Desperate Living in Wayne’s high-camp face smearing with stage blood or using a hand puppet to sing songs to? The earnestness/cheap kicks are peerless. Apparently, you can see the band and roadies communally unstringing and decorating the stage with miles of Xmas lights before every show. Not only that, but the still-unfinished Christmas On Mars film seems to be shaping up into a beautiful gonzo mess, like Apocalypse Now with heart.
Much like Jim Greer’s in-the-trenches camaraderie with Robert Pollard in his similarly textured Guided by Voices biography, author and Chicago rock scribe Jim DeRogatis is thick as thieves with the Coyne camp, which mostly robs Staring at Sound of objective analysis, but being the authorized biography has its advantages. What Staring… lacks in critical analysis or hindsight it more than makes up for with closeness and access, particularly in terms of material on and from the more reclusive of the Lips camp, Messrs. Drozd, Fridmann, and Ivins.
So maybe DeRogatis is caught numerous times pulling his punches as to the authoritarian habits/personality of Mr. Coyne (I don’t think this soft pedaling was necessary: the man’s sunshine personality would still win the day, even with a skeptic like me). Or maybe he lets others tell how Coyne might be a little hypocritical for steeping himself in druggy imagery while remaining almost totally straight edge himself or how Wayne hates sharing the spotlight. DeRogatis even censors himself in relating all of Coyne’s horror stories about touring with Beck. (Legality be damned, release the tapes!) But ya’know what? Boo fucking hoo, because I finally got the inside scoop on Mercury Rev’s Jonathan Donahue and his mysterious involvement with the Lips, and that means a lot because except in oblique he said/she said style, it’s never been covered in depth before. Cheers, Jim.
Oh, and another perk of being seen as “in” the Flaming Lips tribe is Michelle Martin-Coyne opening up her admittedly top-shelf photographic archives to provide all manner of crucial visual documentation of history, Lips-style. And we all know how I worship the Image. That said, I can’t let pass how the cover design is near horrific in its garishness, somewhere between a sheet of acid, a band headshot, and the paint scheme to a public library auditorium from the mid-1970s.
DeRogatis’ writing is straightforward and reportorial, a little vanilla at times, but this makes him, as in his Bangs book, the ideal biographer for such a project. A linear, considered, “just-the-facts” style journalism is best for telling this tale. He doesn’t try to outfreak the freaks or show off his bonafides so the band at all times takes center stage. He only injects himself into the story maybe four times, and one is a self-deprecating anecdote where Wayne cracked wise about his girth. If you’ve ever wondered how the Boredoms’ Yoshimi P-We reacted to being name checked on a Lips title, well, friend, DeRogatis brings the quotage! And a photo of her and Drozd palling around to boot. Face it tiger, Jimbo leaves no stone unturned in this tale.

domain: artistic


text:
Let’s be honest: sometimes, our dogs act weird and do things that gross us out. If you’ve ever spent time watching your dog around other dogs, you may have noticed your dog licking another dog’s pee.
In the article below, we’ll walk through the reasons why your dog might lick another dog’s pee and what you can do to stop it.
Reasons Your Dog Licks Another Dog’s Pee
Dogs lick each other’s pee for a number of reasons. The following are the four main reasons why dogs lick pee.
It is how they explore the world
As humans, we often use our sense of sight to make sense of the world around us. Dogs use their smell and taste to discover the world.
Unfortunately, that also includes using their tongue to taste things we’d rather they leave alone.
All dogs have an organ in their nasal passages called the vomeronasal organ (Jacobson’s organ). This advanced olfactory system allows them to smell complex scents, including pheromones.
When they detect these types of scents, they will like objects and surfaces in order to get a closer whiff.
Dogs can learn about each other through their urine
With their advanced senses, dogs can learn about other dogs by licking urine. Dog urine contains both chemicals and pheromones, all of which are unique to each dog.
Your dog can learn a lot about another dog’s sex, health, reproductive status, and diet, all from licking urine.
When dogs mark their territory, they urinate on a spot to communicate with other dogs. It’s no surprise, then, that dogs are able to tell the difference between the urine of other dogs.
Dogs often lick things with scents they find desirable
As gross as it might seem, your dog might find another dog’s urine desirable. They might lick the urine to savor the smell and provide a closer whiff than sniffing alone might offer.
Their canine instincts tell them that this is a desirable thing, so they do it. To some extent, it cannot be helped.
Your dog isn’t spayed or neutered
Licking other dogs’ urine is more common in dogs that aren’t spayed or neutered. Unneutered male dogs are more likely to lick urine since they are also more likely to use urine to mark their territory.
They also engage in urine licking in an attempt to find mating partners. Since another dog’s urine can tell them whether a female dog is in heat, male dogs will be drawn to licking urine.
This behavior isn’t limited to male dogs, though. Female dogs may lick other dogs’ urine when they are in heat.
However, most female dogs discontinue urine licking after they’re spayed since they no longer have a heat cycle.
Check this out: Why Does My Dog Lick the Couch and How to Stop It?
How to Stop My Dog From Licking Other Dogs’ Pee
Before we dive into some tips to help you stop your dog from licking urine, it’s important to note that nothing is wrong with your dog if he or she licks another dog’s urine.
It is a natural, instinctive behavior that is almost always harmless. However, infectious diseases can be spread through urine.
That is the main reason you should do what you can to deter your dog from licking other dogs’ urine, especially those whose medical background you don’t know.
If your dog has all of his vaccination and regular deworming, there is significantly less risk of becoming ill from licking urine.
The following are five methods you can use to minimize how often your dog licks other dogs’ urine.
Spay or neuter your dog
Your dog is less likely to lick urine if they are spayed or neutered. This is especially true for male dogs, who lick other dogs’ urine to find suitable mating partners.
While spaying and neutering won’t entirely eliminate the problem, they will significantly reduce it.
Teach “drop it” and “leave it” commands
Your dog’s training can be a great asset when it comes to preventing unwanted behaviors. If you teach your dog commands like “drop it” or “leave it,” he will know to stop what he’s doing and come when commanded.
Not only will this help you prevent him from licking urine, but it can also help you stop him from other potentially hazardous behaviors.
Remember to use positive reinforcement instead of punishment if you’re struggling to teach your dog these commands.
Most dogs respond to positive reinforcement. It may take time for them to learn these commands, but it’s worth the time investment.
Divert your dog’s attention
Use a toy, game, or other distraction to divert your dog’s attention away from another dog’s pee.
When your dog switches his attention to focus on the new activity, reward him to praise or a treat. This will teach him that leaving behind another dog’s urine is a good thing.
If your dog is on a leash, use the leash to guide your dog away from the other dog’s pee. If you cannot get your dog’s attention off the pee, you may need to remove him from the area entirely.
Make sure your pup is getting plenty of fresh water to drink
Although rare, some dogs may drink urine in an attempt to quench their thirst. If your dog shows other signs of thirst, ensure he has enough fresh water to drink.
Long outings in the hot sun may make your dog extra thirsty. So pack a travel bowl and some water for your dog to drink while you’re out.
For more details, see our step-by-step guide on preventing dehydration and keeping your dog cool, especially during hot summers.
Enlist the help of a canine trainer or behaviorist
If your dog’s urine-licking bothers you and cannot be redirected, it may help to get help from a canine trainer or behaviorist.
These experts will be able to give you a custom plan of action to deter your dog from licking other dogs’ urine.
Final Thoughts on Dog Licking Other Dog’s Pee
If your dog is up-to-date on their vaccinations and deworming, licking another dog’s urine is a low-risk behavior.
Because licking pee is a natural dog behavior, you should never scold your dog when he licks another dog’s urine. Simply find ways to redirect your dog’s attention and move on.
When your dog licks another dog’s urine, make sure you don’t allow your dog to lick your face. While the urine should pose very little risk to your dog, the bacteria may be problematic for humans.
If you continue to have trouble keeping your dog away from other dogs’ urine, consult a dog trainer or canine behaviorist. They can provide additional strategies to curb your dog’s urine licking.

domain: biology


text:
One is a close contact of the existing student case.
The two new cases were announced ahead of the usual 1 p.m. (local time) announcement by COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins at today’s health screening committee.
Mr. Hipkins said that out of 31 close contacts at the school, there were 28 negatives and two sets of results were pending.
Of the general school population, officials asked 1,523 people to be tested.
Of those, 1,089 results were obtained, of which one was positive and 433 were still pending, Hipkins said.
Chief Health Officer Dr. Ashley Bloomfield said one of the new cases was a classmate of the student who had tested positive.
She was being treated as a close contact and isolated, as were her family members.
The other case was that of his brother, who was classified as a casual contact plus because he was a student at the school.
“But in this case, the chain of transmission is more likely from our original case to the classmate, who then passed it on to her brother,” said Dr. Bloomfield.
“Obviously, we will look very carefully if there are other positive tests coming out of high school among those casual contacts plus.”
All household contacts for the two new cases would be evaluated if they had not already been made, said Dr. Bloomfield.
“Then we go back to 48 hours before they were deemed infectious, which is before the onset of symptoms or a positive test.
“We look to see if there are any exposure events, a bit like we have done with all the other cases, and then we will send out the notifications about possible exposure events. Those people will be asked to isolate themselves and get tested.”
Two of the three family members at the center of the outbreak had traveled to New Plymouth before experiencing symptoms or realizing they had COVID-19.
Most of the travel-related test results came back and all were negative.
Two results from a lodging location were yet to come, Hipkins said.
Auckland is currently at alert level three, while the rest of the country is at alert level two.
A briefing to announce any changes or extensions to current levels is expected at 4.30pm (local time) today.
Auckland residents, including students, are asked to stay home.
Those identified as contacts or who were in the sights are asked to take the test.