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Objective A history of periodontal disease and the presence of circulating antibodies to selected oral pathogens have been associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer; however, direct relationships of oral microbes with pancreatic cancer have not been evaluated in prospective studies. We examine the relationship of oral microbiota with subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer in a large nested case–control study.
Design We selected 361 incident adenocarcinoma of pancreas and 371 matched controls from two prospective cohort studies, the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II and the National Cancer Institute Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. From pre-diagnostic oral wash samples, we characterised the composition of the oral microbiota using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing. The associations between oral microbiota and risk of pancreatic cancer, controlling for the random effect of cohorts and other covariates, were examined using traditional and L1-penalised least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression.
Results Carriage of oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were associated with higher risk of pancreatic cancer (adjusted OR for presence vs absence=1.60 and 95% CI 1.15 to 2.22; OR=2.20 and 95% CI 1.16 to 4.18, respectively). Phylum Fusobacteria and its genus Leptotrichia were associated with decreased pancreatic cancer risk (OR per per cent increase of relative abundance=0.94 and 95% CI 0.89 to 0.99; OR=0.87 and 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95, respectively). Risks related to these phylotypes remained after exclusion of cases that developed within 2 years of sample collection, reducing the likelihood of reverse causation in this prospective study.
Conclusions This study provides supportive evidence that oral microbiota may play a role in the aetiology of pancreatic cancer.
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Significance of this study
What is already known on this subject?
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal; 93% of patients die within 5 years of diagnosis.
Poor oral health and history of periodontal diseases are associated with higher risk of pancreatic cancer.
Serum antibody levels to selected periodontal pathogens are associated with increased risk for pancreatic cancer.
What are the new findings?
In the direct assessment of genomic-based microbiome in oral samples, carriage of the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
Fusobacteria and its genus Leptotrichia were associated with decreased risk of pancreatic cancer.
Risks related to these phylotypes remained after exclusion of cases that developed within 2 years of sample collection, reducing the likelihood of reverse causation in this prospective study.
How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?
The identification of specific oral bacteria related to pancreatic cancer advances scientific knowledge on the aetiology of pancreatic cancer.
These oral bacteria may additionally serve as readily accessible, non-invasive biomarkers for subsequent pancreatic cancer risk, which helps to identify people at high risk for this disease.
Targeted prophylactic therapies may be developed to combat periodontal pathogens and decrease risk for pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal; 93% of patients die within 5 years of diagnosis, and it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the USA.1 Little is known about opportunities to prevent this cancer. In addition to inherited genetic factors, pancreatitis, smoking and excess body weight are risk factors, yet these only partially explain risk for this disease.2–5 To reduce the public health burden, there is a critical need to improve scientific knowledge on the causes of pancreatic cancer and to provide guidance for preventive measures.
More than 700 different bacterial species colonise the human oral cavity, known collectively as the oral microbiome.6 Emerging evidence shows that oral microbiota play important roles in human health, including in immune response, carcinogen metabolism and nutrient digestion.7–9 A series of recent epidemiological studies have showed that poor oral health status10–14 and blood antibodies to selected oral pathogens15 are associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Because oral health is closely tied to oral microbial status,16 we hypothesise that the oral health—pancreatic cancer association may have an underlying microbial basis, yet no studies have directly evaluated the relationship between the oral microbiome and subsequent risk for pancreatic cancer.
We conducted a prospective study nested in two large US cohorts, the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study (CPS) II and the National Cancer Institute Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial, to determine if oral microbiome was associated with subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer. We directly assessed the oral microbiota from high-throughput sequencing of the 16S Ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene in pre-diagnostic oral samples from 361 pancreatic cancer cases and 371 controls in these cohorts, and compared these groups for baseline overall microbiota composition, carriage of known oral pathogens, and relative abundance of other specific bacterial taxa.
The CPS II and PLCO cohorts comprise large US research populations with stored oral wash samples, comprehensive demographic information, and prospective follow-up for cancer incidence. The characteristics of the two cohorts are comparable, and oral wash samples were collected in a similar fashion in both cohorts. Study design and identification of incident cancers are described in detail in supplementary methods (see online supplementary methods).
Briefly, the CPS II cohort17 includes more than 184 000 participants, aged 50–74, from 21 US states who completed a mailed baseline diet and lifestyle questionnaire in 1992. Follow-up questionnaires have been sent to cohort members every other year to update exposure information and to ascertain incident cancer cases; a >87% response rate has been achieved for each follow-up questionnaire. Incident cancers were verified through medical records, state cancer registries, or death certificates. During 2000–2002, oral wash samples were collected by mail from 70 004 cohort members.18 This analysis includes pancreatic cancer cases diagnosed between oral wash collection and December 2008.
The PLCO cohort19 is a large population-based randomised trial that examined the effects of screening on cancer-related mortality and secondary endpoints, in men and women aged 55–74, recruited between 1993 and 2001, and followed for cancer incidence. Participants were randomised to either a screening or control arm. Oral wash samples were collected in the control arm (n=52 000). During the follow-up, incident cancers were ascertained by an annual mailed questionnaire (>95% follow-up rate), and verified through medical records or death certificates. This analysis includes pancreatic cancer cases diagnosed between oral wash collection and December 2010.
Nested case–control study selection
Cases are subjects from the two cohorts with incident primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ICD–O–2 codes C25.0–C25.3, C25.7–25.9), with no prior history of cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer), a valid consent and pre-diagnostic oral wash samples. Cohort nested controls were selected by incidence-density sampling without replacement among cohort members who had no cancer prior to selection, provided a valid consent and an oral wash sample. Controls were matched to cases by cohort, age (5-year), sex, race (white, other) and calendar year of oral wash collection. As of December 2012, 170 cases and 170 controls from CPS II and 191 cases and 201 controls from PLCO were eligible for this project (see online supplementary figure S1).
Assessment of questionnaire-based covariates
At enrolment and follow-up periods, participants in both cohorts completed a structured questionnaire that included questions about age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption and history of diabetes. We used covariates from the questionnaires most closely in time to oral wash sample collection for each participant. The relevant cohort data were harmonised and transferred to New York University School of Medicine.
Oral wash samples
Oral mouthwash samples were originally collected in both cohorts in lieu of blood samples for the purpose of obtaining buccal cell DNA for human genome research.17 ,19 Participants in both cohorts were asked to swish vigorously with 10 mL Scope mouthwash (P&G), and then to expectorate into a specimen tube. These samples were shipped to each cohort's biorepository, pelleted and stored at -80°C until use.18 ,19 Our assay uses DNA for oral microbiome sequencing; DNA is highly stable in a frozen state, thus allowing us to use the frozen oral wash pellets archived in the CPS II and PLCO cohorts. We have previously shown suitability of this sample type for oral microbiome measurement,20 and excellent quality control (QC) agreement for these samples.21 Because our hypothesis is that oral bacteria influence risk of pancreas cancer through intermittent yet persistent migration of oral bacteria to the pancreas, oral wash samples which contain the broad spectrum of oral bacteria, are suitable to test this hypothesis.22
Oral microbiota characterisation using 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing
Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from mouth wash samples using the MoBio PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (Carlsbad, California, USA), with the bead-beating method in the MoBio Powerlyzer instrument at Dr Ahn's Laboratory. From extracted DNA, we amplified the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions using universal primers (347F 5′-GGAGGCAGCAGTRRGGAAT′-3′ and 803R 5′-CTACCRGGGTATCTAATCC-3′), while incorporating adapters and a sample-specific barcode sequence.23 The Roche 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing system was used to sequence the resulting amplicons. The sequencing data will be submitted to dbGaP.
Derivation of microbiome data
Multiplexed and barcoded sequences were deconvoluted. Poor-quality sequences were excluded using the default parameters of the QIIME script split_libraries.py (minimum average quality score=25, minimum/maximum sequence length=200/1000 base pairs, no ambiguous base calls, and no mismatches allowed in the primer sequence).24 Finally, chimeric sequences were removed with ChimeraSlayer.25 From 732 pre-diagnostic oral wash samples, we obtained 9 354 571 high quality 16S rRNA gene sequence reads (mean 11 782 (SD 2799) sequences per sample), with similar number of reads in both cohorts (see online supplementary table S1). Filtered sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with 97% identity, and assigned to taxonomy using the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD).26
Laboratory personnel were blinded to case/control status, and matched pairs were processed side by side. Blinded positive QC specimens were used across all sequencing batches. Twenty-two repeats from two blinded subjects were inserted for the CPS II samples, and nine repeats from two blinded subjects were inserted for the PLCO samples. We previously reported that QC samples had good agreement in these QC subjects:21 coefficient of variability ranged from 8.90% to 11.10% for the Shannon-Wiener index, and 0.92% to 4.68% for the Simpson index, both measures of within-subject bacterial community diversity. Negative controls samples (without DNA template) were used to detect possible reagent and environment contamination in all sequencing batches as well.
The relationship between overall oral microbiota composition and pancreatic cancer was assessed by analysis of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances27; these metrics assess the phylogenetic similarity of bacterial community pairs, taking into account OTU relative abundance or presence/absence, respectively. To visualise separation of subjects based on pairwise distances, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plots were generated using the first two principal coordinates and labelled according to pancreatic cancer status. Permutational mutivariate analysis of variance using distance matrices (PERMANOVA) (‘Adonis’ function, vegan package, R)28 of the UniFrac distance was used to test differences in overall oral microbiome composition according to pancreatic cancer status, controlling for potential confounders (age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption status and history of diabetes).
We first assessed pancreatic cancer risk in relation to four pre-defined periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia).29 Because relative abundance of these pathogens was low, we characterised individuals as carriers and non-carriers of the pathogens, with non-carriers having zero sequence reads for the specific pathogen. For case–control comparison of carriage of these pathogens, we used logistic regression models controlling for the random effects of cohorts,30 with inclusion of other covariates (age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption status and history of diabetes). Results were similar, when we used conditional logistic regression modelling (see online supplementary results).
We also broadly compared bacterial taxa (phylum to genus) between cases and controls. We limited our analysis of bacterial phyla to those with mean relative abundance ≥0.01%. For lower level taxa (class to genus), we limited analysis to those with mean relative abundance ≥0.0001%. Our analyses included 5 phyla, 15 classes, 22 orders, 36 families and 62 genera. To explore the association of taxa relative abundance at each level (phylum to genus) with pancreatic cancer risk, we conducted L1 penalised least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression31 implemented in R ‘glmnet’ package,32 following a previous approach to disentangle the effect of metformin treatment on human gut microbiota.33 This method penalises the sum of the absolute values of regression coefficients, resulting in a parsimonious model where only the taxa with the strongest associations with the outcome will be selected. Covariates (cohort, age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, history of diabetes) were controlled in the LASSO taxa selection process. To evaluate the risk associations for the selected taxa, we fit traditional logistic regression models using each selected taxon as a predictor of pancreatic cancer risk individually, as described in the carriage of pathogens analysis. Further, we conducted stratified analyses according to smoking status, alcohol consumption status and time to cancer diagnosis. Analyses were carried out using R V.3.2.0. Further description of each methodology can be found in the see online supplementary material methods.
Demographic characteristics of cases and controls are shown in table 1. The majority of participants in both cohorts were white, while subjects in the CPS II cohort tended to be older than those in the PLCO cohort. Cases and controls in both cohorts were similar with respect to the matching factors of age, sex and race. Cases were more likely to be current smokers in the PLCO cohort, and to consume more alcoholic beverages in the CPS II cohort.
We first examined overall oral microbiota composition in relation to subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer. The first and second components of PCoA based on weighted UniFrac distances were plotted (see online supplementary figure S2). PERMANOVA analysis, controlling for covariates, showed no differences in either cohort, with respect to overall phylogenetic distance of oral microbiome composition, between subjects who went on to develop pancreatic cancer (cases) and those that did not (controls) (CPS II, p=0.85 and PLCO, p=0.49) (see online supplementary figure S2). Similar results were found using the unweighted UniFrac distance (CPS II, p=0.43 and PLCO, p=0.87).
We next examined the relationship of pre-selected oral periodontal pathogens with subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer (table 2). Carriage of P. gingivalis was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (adjusted OR for presence vs absence=1.60 and 95% CI 1.15 to 2.22). This association was observed for low carriers (below median relative abundance, OR 1.47 (0.96 to 2.26)) and high carriers (above median relative abundance, OR 1.73 (1.14 to 2.63)), exhibiting a significant dose–response relationship (p trend=0.0047). Furthermore, these associations were consistent in CPS II (p trend=0.032; see online supplementary table S2a) and PLCO (p trend=0.070; see online supplementary table S2b). Carriage of A. actinomycetemcomitans was also associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer (OR 2.20 (1.16 to 4.18)), but overall carriage prevalence was low and this relationship could not be evaluated for dose–response. Carriage of T. forsythia and P. intermedia were not associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer.
We carried out a comparison in cases and controls of the relative abundance of oral bacterial taxa on all taxonomic levels (table 3 and see online supplementary figure S3). We found that greater abundance of Fusobacteria was associated with decreased risk of pancreatic cancer (adjusted OR per per cent increase of relative abundance=0.94 and 95% CI (0.89 to 0.99)), as well as its genus Leptotrichia (OR 0.87 (0.79 to 0.95)). Genus Alloprevotella may also be associated with pancreatic cancer risk (OR 1.20 (1.01 to 1.43)). Results were similar after further adjustment for the carriage of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. On further analysis, the risks identified for these two genera could not be associated with specific species. The inverse associations of Fusobacteria and Leptotrichia with pancreatic cancer risk were consistent in the CPS II cohort (see online supplementary table S3a) and PLCO cohort (see online supplementary table S3b), although the effect of Alloprevotella was restricted to the CPS II cohort.
As smoking and alcohol consumption have been related to risk for pancreatic cancer and these factors impact oral microbial community structure, we examined the relationship of selected microbes with pancreatic cancer risk in ever versus never-smokers, and in ever versus never-drinkers (table 4). The association of A. actinomycetemcomitans with pancreatic cancer risk tended to be greater in ever-drinkers (OR 3.03 (1.31 to 7.03)) than in never-drinkers (OR 0.47 (0.13 to 1.72)), although these differences were not statistically significant (p for interaction=0.086). Additionally, there was no evidence that the associations of other selected phylotypes with pancreatic cancer risk differed by smoking or alcohol consumption status (all p for interaction >0.05).
Because pancreatic cancer could potentially influence oral microbial composition, we also explored risk associations for selected microbes stratified by time between sample collection and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (table 4). Risks related to P. gingivalis and Leptotrichia remained after exclusion of cases that developed within 2 years of sample collection, reducing the likelihood of reverse causation in this prospective study.
In this first prospective evaluation of the oral microbiome and risk for pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated that carriage of the periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, and decreased relative abundance of Fusobacteria and its genus Leptotrichia, are associated with subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer. We provided evidence that these associations were unlikely due to smoking or other potential confounders. Because of the prospective design, the likelihood that these associations might be due to reverse causation was minimised.34 Given these considerations, the findings from our study point to a potential aetiological role of oral bacteria in pancreatic cancer.
Although this is the first study to prospectively examine the association between oral bacterial pathogens and pancreatic cancer risk using direct measurement of oral bacteria, there is extensive epidemiological evidence supporting this finding. P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans are keystone pathogens among oral bacteria involved in the initiation of periodontal disease and tooth loss.35 Previous studies reported that a history of periodontal disease and tooth loss are associated prospectively with increased risk of pancreatic cancer.10–14 Providing further, although indirect, evidence of an association of pancreatic cancer risk with P. gingivalis, a large European cohort found that elevated serum antibodies to P. gingivalis were associated with a two-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer.15
While a consistent picture is forming that pancreatic cancer is related to poor oral health status and to bacterial drivers of oral disease, particularly P. gingivalis, several questions regarding the underlying biological pathways to pancreatic cancer remain unanswered. First, do oral bacteria populate distant disease sites? Swidsinski et al36 reported, using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, that a dense multispecies bacterial biofilm, including oral bacterial types, was present within the pancreatic duct of patients with calcific pancreatitis; however, whether bacteria of the same clonal origin are found in the pancreas and the oral cavity is unknown. Further evidence of potential dissemination from the oral cavity in humans are observations that these bacterial types are found in atherosclerotic plaques,37 ,38 distal oesophageal tissue,39 the brains of Alzheimer's patients,40 and in the foeto-placental unit.41 Second, how would oral bacteria populate these sites? While the route of transmission of oral bacteria to the pancreas is uncertain, an intermittent yet persistent migration of oral bacteria—by swallowing or via the circulatory system after mastication and personal oral hygiene (tooth brushing and flossing)42 ,43—may reach the pancreas and other sites, as we previously reviewed.22 Third, can oral pathogens participate in pancreatic carcinogenesis? P. gingivalis has been shown to have potential to evade the host immune system by invasion of host cells and disruption of signalling pathways by cytokine and receptor degradation.44 ,45 In addition, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans can initiate the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathways, and TLR activation is a critical driver of pancreatic carcinogenesis in animal models, as we (Dr Miller) recently demonstrated.46
Recognising that evidence of a direct relationship between P. gingivalis, related oral pathogens, and pancreatic cancer is preliminary, there is also the alternative hypothesis that pancreatic and oral conditions could be due to parallel, independent systemic inflammatory processes.47 Immune response is strongly implicated in pancreas carcinogenesis, and several established pancreatic cancer risk factors, including chronic pancreatitis, tobacco smoking and type 2 diabetes, may have an inflammatory component.48 Good oral hygiene and normal host immune response are sufficient to minimise periodontal pathogens, while failures in immune defence could lead to higher bacterial load and the development of gingival inflammation.49 While our study points to P. gingivalis and related oral pathogens as novel risk factors for pancreatic cancer, it will require further experimental research to establish the mechanistic basis of these relationships.
We also found that a higher relative abundance of the phylum Fusobacteria and its genus Leptotrichia was associated with decreased risk of pancreatic cancer. This finding is consistent with the results from a nested case–control study from a European cohort, in which higher overall blood antibody levels to commensal oral bacteria were associated with reduced pancreatic cancer risk (including antibodies from Fusobacteria species, though not Leptotrichia specifically),15 but inconsistent with a recent cross-sectional study of 8 patients, which found higher abundance of Leptotrichia in saliva of pancreatic cancer patients compared to controls.50 Fusobacteria are anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacilli and two major families, Leptotrichiaceae and Fusobacteriaceae (see online supplementary figure S3; phylogenetic tree), are frequently found in the human oral cavity.6 Within Leptotrichia there is wide genetic diversity, with six species belonging to this genus identified thus far;51 however, the characteristics and the role of Leptotrichia in human health remain unclear. Leptotrichia is regarded as an opportunistic pathogen, which tends to cause disease in the presence of local or general pre-disposing factors and has been reported to be involved in various human infections,51–53 including periodontitis, lung abscess, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and bacteraemia, the latter primarily in immune-depressed patients. Moreover, Leptotrichia elicits a human immune response, and the serum antibody to it is common.51 It is possible that the immune response elicited by Leptotrichia, rather than Leptotrichia itself, may provide protection against pancreatic carcinogenesis.54 Further human and experimental research is needed to confirm this relationship, and disentangle the complex role of immune response in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
A limitation of our study is the one-time collection of mouthwash samples, reducing our ability to capture a potentially dynamic relationship between the oral microbiota and pancreatic cancer development. We additionally lacked information on the periodontal disease status of the study participants, which would allow us to determine whether periodontal pathogens are implicated in pancreatic cancer independently of periodontal disease. The population studied was predominantly white and was limited to study volunteers, potentially limiting the generalisability of these findings to the general population and other higher-risk groups. We recognise that some controls may have undiagnosed or unreported pancreatic cancer, however, this is unlikely to be common given the low survival rate of pancreatic cancer and the ascertainment of all cancer deaths through death registries in both cohorts.17 ,19 Lastly, we did not have information on whether any of the study participants were related to each other; this phenomenon, if present, could have introduced confounding due to the clustering of microbiome composition and cancer within families.
Our study has several strengths. First, the study was conducted prospectively, using oral samples collected up to 10 years before cancer diagnosis, providing the opportunity to determine the temporal relationship between oral microbiota and subsequent development of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, the prospective design of our nested case–control study with incidence density sampling of controls avoids the selection bias that may occur in traditional case–control designs. Our study used comprehensive 16S rRNA screening for the oral microbiome, substantially broadening our understanding of overall bacterial structure and abundance of bacterial types in relation to pancreatic cancer. The relatively large samples size, including 361 pancreatic cancer cases and 371 matched controls, provided sufficient statistical power to detect relevant associations between hypothesised explanatory factors and pancreatic cancer risk. Furthermore, we adjusted for established and possible risk factors for pancreatic cancer throughout the analysis, including age, race, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI and history of diabetes.
In conclusion, this prospective nested case–control study demonstrated that carriage of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, and decreased relative abundance of phylum Fusobacteria and its genus Leptotrichia, are related to subsequent increased risk of pancreatic cancer. The study provides evidence that the oral microbiota may play a role in the aetiology of pancreatic cancer.
Contributors JA had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: XF, RBH and JA. Acquisition of data: JW, EJJ, SMG, MPP, CCA, RS-S and RBH. Analysis and interpretation of data: XF, AVA, JW, BAP, EJJ, SMG, MPP, CCA, RS-S, GM, JR, RBH and JA. Drafting of the manuscript: XF, BAP, RBH and JA. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: XF, AVA, JW, BAP, EJJ, SMG, MPP, CCA, RS-S, GM, JR, RBH and JA. Statistical analysis: XF, AVA, RBH and JA. Obtained funding: JA.
Funding Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the US National Cancer Institute under award numbers R01CA159036, U01CA182370, R01CA164964, R03CA159414, P30CA016087, R21CA183887 and by AACR/Pancreas Cancer Action Network to J Ahn. The American Cancer Society (ACS) funds the creation, maintenance and updating of the Cancer Prevention Study II cohort.
Competing interests None declared.
Ethics approval New York University.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

domain: medical


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Search / 11 results found Showing: 1-20 of 11
The University of Arizona launched the final phase of the largest fundraising campaign in its history Friday and started things off with a bang.
The University of Arizona is seeking public help to restore a beloved campus landmark that will soon house the new office of the UA’s president.
The board that oversees the state's public universities gave a green light Thursday for $13.5 million worth of work on a beloved University of…
Old Main, the original red brick edifice at the center of campus, has sunk in spots. Its roof, footings, and some columns, porches and structural beams need replacing, all of which will cost about $13 million.

domain: news


text:
Percy Reginald Stephensen (20 November 1901 – 28 May 1965) was an Australian writer, publisher and political activist, first for the Communists and later for far-right groups.He was born in Maryborough, Queensland.
Attending Maryborough Boys' Grammar School He was nicknamed "Inky", and attended the University of Queensland, where he joined the Communist Party in 1921.
He gained a second-class honours degree in Modern Greats at Queen's College, Oxford where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar and was a member of the university branch of the Communist Party with A.
Taylor, Graham Greene and Tom Driberg.He was a friend of D H Lawrence and edited the first uncensored version of Lady Chatterley's Lover.
He was also friends with Aldous Huxley.His most significant work was The Foundations of Culture in Australia (1936), which led to the foundation of the Jindyworobak Movement.
Between the world wars, his Fellowship of Australian Writers released a document that advocated disconnection with the United States and stated, "US comics promoted demonology, witchcraft and voodooism, with superman part of a raving mad view of the world." And of American musicals and minstrel shows, "the American negro, with his jungle is not welcome here."
He was a member of the Australia First Movement whose magazine The Publicist he helped found in 1936 and edited from 1941–1942.
He was noted for his anti-semitic views in this period.
At this time, Stephensen and his colleague J.
Miles financed the first Aboriginal publication, The Abo Call, which was written and edited by Aboriginal activist Jack Patten.
Stephensen was a prolific author.
He published over 30 books, as well as translations of works by Vladimir Lenin and Friedrich Nietzsche.
He also produced nearly 70 books ghostwritten for Frank Clune.
He was interned without trial from 1942 to 1945 for pro-Japanese and Axis sympathies.

domain: history


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Badal for raising Baba Jeevan Singh's memorial in Delhi
In recognition of the supreme sacrifice made by Baba Jeevan Singh (Bhai Jaita Ji) for the Sikh community, chief minister Parkash Singh Badal has demanded that a suitable monument be built at Chandni Chowk in New Delhi in the memory of this valiant martyr.
Badal said that he would take up this matter with the Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (DSGMC).
Addressing a public rally at the state-level function to mark the martyrdom of Baba Jeevan Singh here on Sunday, the chief minister said that all-out efforts would be made to construct a befitting memorial of this legendary Sikh martyr at Chandni Chowk, the spot where Guru Teg Bahadur was beheaded by the Mughal rulers.
It was Baba Jeevan Singh, then known as Bhai Jaita, who took the 'seesh' (head) of the Guru in his possession and carried it all the way to Sri Anandpur Sahib.
Likewise, another memorial to Baba Jeevan Singh will be built at Anandpur Sahib. The groundwork of this memorial has been completed and the work on it would be started at the earliest, he added.
Lal lakeer issue
Badal announced that the government had decided that all properties (houses) situated within 'Lal Lakeer' or 'Lal Dora' in villages will now be numbered and registered in the name of the owners.
Officials in the state had already been instructed to start the numbering of these properties, he added.
He said that the people living within the 'Lal Lakeer' had to face a lot of problems because they do not have any proof regarding the ownership of this land.
So keeping in view the larger public interest involved in the matter the government has decided to pave a way towards their ownerships, he said.
Listing the pro-poor initiatives taken by the state government for the welfare of weaker sections of society, the CM said that various schemes like atta-dal scheme, shagun scheme and old age pensions have been started for extending a helping hand to the underprivileged sections of the society.
He said that in a path-breaking initiative, the state government has increased the ambit of atta-dal scheme from 15 lakh beneficiary families to 30 lakh.
He further said that the SAD-BJP alliance government was committed to perpetuating the glorious history of the state for which stupendous efforts were being made by them.
He said that the state government has constructed world-class monuments like Viraasat-e-Khalsa Memorial at Sri Anandpur Sahib and Chappar Chiri war memorial at Mohali.
In his address, revenue minister Bikram Singh Majithia hailed the CM for organizing a state-level function to mark this historic day. Speaker Charanjit Singh Atwal also addressed the rally.


Guus Hiddink, back at Chelsea as interim manager, spoke about a number of issues at a news conference on Wednesday, including Didier Drogba’s possible return, Eden Hazard’s form, Jose Mourinho’s exit and the Blues’ chances of reaching the top four.
On Chelsea’s problems this season
“Sometimes after a championship you might relax a bit and then get a wake-up call in September. But the situation is that they were down, until last week, to one point off the relegation zone, which was frightening for everyone inside the club. But it’s not easy to say that I’m here and the problem is solved.”
On the anger among Chelsea fans
“I hope the fans will support the team as they did briefly when some beautiful actions were executed during the last game. But the fans have the right to express themselves about the recent past. The team has to take the initiative to get the fans back as soon as possible.
“No manager can guarantee three points every week. But we have to show to ourselves, to the club but also to the fans that the team has big desire to wash away the last half a year and move up.”
On the team’s confidence
“I’m analysing and watching a lot but I cannot see they have a lack of ambition or desire at this moment.
“Yesterday I talked to the squad and of course we talked a bit about the past – why I’m here, the reason why we are down [near the bottom]. But I told them things happen in football.
“We cannot ignore what has happened in the recent past but I told them as big professionals to look in the mirror and see if they can be ultra-critical and give the best of themselves to the team.
“There must be a great desire to play. If you don’t have that desire, please knock on my door and we’ll talk – but we’ll talk briefly.
“I saw the [Sunderland] game and in general they were playing like they enjoyed it very much. And sometimes they even went a little bit over the top and didn’t kill it off after 2-0. But it was good to see how they can play. The quality is there.”
On bringing Drogba back
“He’s a legend at this club. It’s nice, for these guys with big hearts, to connect them somehow to the club. The only thing is, at this moment, he is playing in Montreal.
“The official process I don’t know, but such impact players can be huge for the club. How it’s going, other people have to deal with that, not me.
“But I think all clubs have these specific figures who can make a very good contribution, being ambassador or coach or manager, and they give the brand Chelsea a big image worldwide.”
On reaching the top four
“Mathematically it’s possible. But this league is a very strong league, especially proven this year by the clubs who are usually not in the top half, such as Leicester, Crystal Palace and Watford. Refreshingly now they are in the top half of the league. It means all the teams can kill each other. They are very competitive now.
On Jose Mourinho
“If you look at his record over the years it’s amazing. I have respect for what he did at various clubs, winning many, many titles. But nevertheless things happen in football and people take decisions.
“There’s not one coach in the world who has not been sacked, unless they’re in their first year. But that’s the business.”
On Eden Hazard
“He had a terrific season last year and it’s normal that you get a little bit of a setback after that. But he’s a key player when he’s back in shape [after injury]. Today for the first time he practiced but not for a full session and we’ll see [what happens] tomorrow. With him, it’s the same [as the others], to get the eagerness back to perform.”
On Louis van Gaal at Manchester United
“They are struggling as well, that’s for sure. That also has much to do with the Premier League having strength, quality and intensity to a high level.”
On bringing in youngsters
“Some youth players are participating in the first-team training sessions. But I want to have my analysis, my observations, and then we’ll decide. First I must be convinced of their quality.
“It’s a little bit early to say I will bring in a youngster of 17, 18 or 19, but in general if they show they are competitive, I am not against it.”


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Last night, the great and the good of the music industry gathered together in New York for the Grammy Awards.
Beyonce and Jay Z got outshone by their daughter Blue Ivy (no doubt a sign of things to come), Kesha brought the house down with her epic #MeToo moment and Bruno Mars basically walked away with every gong going.
This year’s awards were particularly pertinent; artists took white roses onto the red carpet for Time’s Up, after a group called Voices in Entertainment called on stars to show their support for the campaign against sexual misconduct and gender inequality.
Suffice to say, there’s never been a better red carpet accessory.
After all, white goes with anything – whether you’re in a bright pink blazer dress or a monster gown, a la Gaga.
Here’s proof that resistance, bravery and solidarity can coordinate with any outfit:
Lady Gaga in Armani
Janelle Monae in Dolce & Gabbana
Kesha in vintage Nudie Cohn
Rita Ora in Ralph & Russo
Lana Del Rey in Gucci
Kelly Clarkson in Christian Siriano
Anna Kendrick in Balmain
Pink in Armani
Cardi B in Ashi Studio
Heidi Klum in Ashi Studio
Lisa Loeb in Zeina Nabulsi
Chrissy Teigen in Yanina Couture
Eve in Naeem Khan
Alessia Cara in Vivienne Westwood
Miley Cyrus in Jean-Paul Gaultier

domain: artistic


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2010 is the year for CNS! This band is a fusion of Alternative Rock and Electro with a sound that will blow your mind! Look out for them in a city near you as they begin touring in early 2010.
CNS (The Central Nervous System)
When CNS (The Central Nervous System) opens the throttle, it’s a G-force jet ride, but the real shock is that this band is a two-piece, twin-engine duo.
Ruben Huizenga (guitars, synth, vocals) and Dr. Kenneth Griffin (drums) perform with a precision and power that recalls Bonham and Page, Johnny and Edgar Winter, Bono and Edge. Inject Bowie arrangements with Beastie Boys wit and cross it with Bad Company behaviour and you get the idea.
CNS pays homage to the 70’s but doesn’t get stuck in the past. “It’s a modern take on 1971, when the sound was unhindered and vinyl albums spun uninterrupted on turntables,” says Huizenga.
Today, it’s about as much about moving to the beats as being moved by the music, and that is why people are turning up the volume on CNS. If Humble Pie and The Who wrote with dance clubs in mind, this is what they would sound like.
CNS arrangements are mini-mixes, with clearly distinguished segments, which makes each song a rock-meets-beats symphony. Listen to “Dance Boy Dance” or “Meltdown” and you forget it’s one song.
Orchestral in the attack, singular in their drive, the tracks are lyrically sound and rock-steady. They blend seamlessly into the club mix , and when “Someday Never Comes” hits the monitors it always seems perfectly timed for the moment of the night. And tracks are welcome companions on the long-drive home, amped up and blasting in sequence on the car sound system at 3 a.m.
Even during an acoustic entry into a song, anticipation builds like the countdown on a dragstrip. When the song takes off, it takes your breath away.
Veteran musicians Huizenga and Griffin have a breadth and open-mindedness that is a breath of fresh air on the music scene today. They also have a secret weapon in form of a back tracks black box. He’s a powerful electronic companion on stage and in the studio. It’s the connective tissue that gives CNS the agility to leap decades — from deep groove to dance beat and back again. “We named him NOMAD. He never gets hangovers and he always show up for practice on time. ”
CNS recalls an analog age and serves it up in 2010 with android assistance.


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PETALING JAYA: An unscheduled flight resulted in a group of individuals being stranded at the KL International Airport as they were not sent to the quarantine station at the specified time.
Senior Minister (Defence) Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob (pix) said after monitoring of the 13 flights that landed at KLIA, there was a flight not in the original schedule that had brought in 104 passengers.
“The sending of the individuals involved to the quarantine station was temporarily interrupted because they had to wait for the hotel to prepare to admit a large number of individuals,“ he said in a press statement today.
He said the management took immediate action to sent them in small groups to other readily available hotels.
“The management had also prepared snacks and drinks throughout the process,“ he said, adding that the last group was placed at their respective quarantine stations at 10pm.
He added that yesterday, the police arrested 203 individuals for violating standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the Recovery Movement Control Order (MCO).
“From that number, 44 were remanded while 159 were issued compounds,“ he said.
Some of the MCO violations included pub/nightclub activity (five), failure to prepare tools or notes of entry and exit (44), premises without licence and suspected of gambling activities (37), not wearing face mask (26), activity involving crowds that made social distancing difficult (66) and premises that operate beyond the time limit (25).
Ismail Sabri said the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) has conducted checks at 74 construction sites in the whole of Malaysia involving 62 enforcement officers.
“From that number, 73 sites were found to abide by SOPs while one site did not and has been issued a warning,“ he said.


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This year we’re sponsors (and presenters) at the 10th Annual Nordic IT Sourcing & Innovation Summit. Our team will be presenting on the Three Essential Elements of Digital Transformation.
A recent Exadel hackathon in Minsk turned into an enjoyable fulfilling contest for participants and produced 2 useful tools for AEM management and testing.
In a recent episode of the Exadel Digital Insights webinar series, Jonathan Fries, VP of Development discussed the latest tech trends in e-commerce.
In this webcast recording, Jonathan Fries, VP of Development at Exadel, discusses the main competing cloud-based AI products from Amazon, Google, and Microsoft.


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Trisha is not the enemy of Asin but it is Genelia. Asin was supposed to act in the Hindi remake of the Tamil film Kaaka Kaaka directed by Gowtham Menon.
John Abraham and producer Vipal Shaw has also announced that Asin will be doing the female lead role. In fact Asin is close to Vipal Shaw. He is the one who produced the flop film London Dreams which also had Asin the female lead role. Asin was also stating that she will be acting in this film after completing the Hindi film Kick. But Genelia who had earlier acted with John Abraham had somehow influenced him and grabbed this offer silently. The photo shoot was also completed silently. Hearing this Asin is furious over Genelia.

domain: entertainment


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Mickey’s facebook page has now become a social-media landing page to save other dogs that are considered dangerous clifton says he’s seen an unprecedented rise in dog maulings in recent years. A diabetic alert dog notices the subtle chemical changes that occur in its owner's body as her blood sugar begins to drop, then notifies her by barking or licking her—waking her in the middle of the night, if need be—so she can eat a snack and avoid a dangerous hypoglycemic episode. While the average person might see owning an exotic pet as strange, dangerous, and irresponsible, many exotic pet owners believe they’re actually helping these big animals they say that habitat loss, poaching, public fear, and ignorance put these animals in danger, and in a way, they think they’re conservationists. Keeping wild and exotic animals as pets threatens public health and safety as well as animal welfare wild animals can attack and spread disease, and the average pet owner cannot provide the care they need in captivity from tigers to bears to chimpanzees, these are dangerous wild animals—and in some states it's perfectly legal to keep one as a pet.
Free sample essay on keeping dogs, cats etc as our pets keeping animals and birds as our pets shows our love for them it is said that we should show our love to all living creatures the most common pets in our homes are dogs and cats the dog is the most faithful animal if you show your. Dogs can get in to next door people yards and kill pets and even kids playing outside can be in a lot of danger if parents are not looking out for their kids when they now a dangerous dog is. Pet wolfdogs often make short work of cats and small dogs, and may also attack bigger animals unfortunately, that drive can also be directed at humans children are especially vulnerable “a small child is really just about the size of a sheep or a fawn — bite size,” zawistowski says. A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animalpopular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances, intelligence, and relatable personalities two of the most popular pets are dogs and catsa cat lover is known as an ailurophile and a dog lover is known as.
As a fairly late comer to the pet keeping fraternity, who got them to please my children, progressing from goldfish to dog via hamster and cat, i can say that i like having a cat and a dog because 1. The exotic pet trade breaks up big cat families since trading exotic pets is regulated and/or illegal in many states and countries , there is a large black market for exotic animals. “buying or giving exotic pets such as monkeys, hedgehogs, prairie dogs, reptiles, or other wildlife potentially can be dangerous to both humans and the animals themselves” — veterinarian jane mahlow, director of the texas department of health zoonosis control division. The dog is a well-known animal it is a four-footed animal it is a faithful friend of man in its wild sate, it becomes very dangerous the english love it very much people love it for its service in the ‘mahabharat’ we read about yudhishtira’s dog dogs are of many kinds there are bull. Keeping dogs as pets is dangerous as the most important thing while we pet a dog is we have to chain it up most of the time but this leads the dog to become ferocious when released, it may disturb us,our neighbourhood.
A person who owns or keeps a dangerous dog commits a civil violation for which the court shall adjudge a fine of not less than $250 and not more than $1,000, plus costs, none of which may be suspended. However, many people acquire exotic pets owning an exotic pet is a cause that most people do not think about, because it doesn't directly involve them yet, it does affect society in a way because of the effects owning an exotic animal as a pet has on the community as well as to the animal. Certain ‘human’ foods, while seemingly healthy, can be dangerous for your dog to eat here are 12 foods to avoid feeding your pet knowing what to feed your dog is an essential part of being a.
Here in denver, off-leash dogs in on-leash areas are becoming more and more of a problem since our dogs were attacked by an off-leash dog in the summer of 2009, we’ve become quite sensitive to this issue. There are indeed many reasons why pit bulls should be banned and among these is the vicious nature of pit bulls as much as there are those individuals who may argue that pit bulls are loving pets that only suffer negative publicity from the media, the facts on the ground speak a different story. Safety around animals although most animals are friendly, some can be dangerous can occur – more often from cat bites than dog bites – and on rare occasions a particularly vicious attack by a dog can even be fatal be sure any dogs or cats you own are fully immunized to protect both your pet and your family in which you keep the. The dog tapeworm is a parasite spread to dogs, cats, and people through the ingestion of infected fleas this parasite is common but rarely causes illness in pets or people.
Nowadays keeping pets is gaining increasing popularity the relationship between human and animals are always changing to begin with, pets can keep a good company to people so as to bring pleasure and drive away loneliness. From many angles, it is proved that animals are our friends we establish intimacy with them by keeping them as our pets sometimes they are kept in cages there are some pet animals who are allowed to stay with us freely both, animals and birds can be our pets dog is a faithful animal probably. Family pets are being indiscriminately targeted by the dangerous dogs act, the rspca warns today as it says the law has caused thousands of animals to be put down unnecessarily.

domain: pet


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We’re pleased to announce that Corra will present at the 2014 Fashion Digital Los Angeles. The annual FDLA conference, held this year on May 7, will unite hundreds of ecommerce leaders from brands of all sizes to address the unique digital commerce needs of the fashion industry.
Fashion Digital Los Angeles
Director’s Guild of America Theater
7920 Sunset Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA 90046
May 7, 8:00am – 5:30pm
Corra is the global digital agency that fashion, beauty, and lifestyle brands trust to create luxury commerce experiences. With headquarters in the key markets of New York, Los Angeles, and London, Corra provides innovative solutions at the intersection of technology, creativity, and strategy.


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Where your headphones hang out.
The superstar singer is celebrating her iconic album with a special treat for fans.
The King of Pop is being resurrected, just in time for Halloween.
From R&B royalty and hip-hop pioneers, to grunge rock icons.
10 movies where the music drives the plot.
Amazon is touting it as “the best deal in Amazon Music history,” and they’re actually not that far off.
Listen while you lather.
This summer is stacked with contenders, ranging from hip-hop to pop to rock.
Access more than 10 million songs with unlimited listening.
Apple Music is expanding beyond just the music part of its name.
The rumors started after a job listing for a senior product manager for hardware was spotted on the company website.
The discount drops the monthly subscription price down to $4.99.


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Our first “Getting to Know Carefree’s Customers” blog post comes from Carefree customer, James Callahan. James is the owner of Rune Wines, a solar powered off-grid winery located in Sonoita, AZ that was started in 2013. James came to Carefree looking to replace the old awning fabric on his Airstream and we were able to provide him a great acrylic canopy to enhance his awning. Read below to find out about James’ RVing lifestyle and how he is using his new Carefree awning.
Tell us about your company, Rune Wines
We specialize in crafting Rhone varietal wines from vineyards all across Arizona. At the core of our business is the dedication to natural processes in winemaking. We utilize wild yeast for our fermentations and have a “hands-off” approach, letting mother nature do most of the work on her own. We have an outdoor tasting room with great views of the Sonoita landscape and are currently working on completing our main tasting room building. Every wine we produce has its own unique story and we strive to bring that through in our finished product.
What type of Rver are you? (E.G. Full-Timer?, Weekend Warrior?, Snowbird?)
Full-Timer! I live in my Airstream RV at my property in Sonoita, AZ.
What type/brand of RV do you own?
A 1974 Airstream Sovereign Land Yacht 31′
How long have you been RVing?
I have been RVing since I was a boy!
Who usually accompanies you during your travel adventures?
I mostly travel solo these days but every year I meet up with my family in San Clemente, CA to camp at the beach!
Where is your favorite place to travel?
I love getting out to the beach as it can get hot in Arizona. For a closer trip, I really enjoy taking the rig up to Lees Ferry, AZ for some fly-fishing action!
Any other information about your RV or your RVing habits that you would like to share?
I completely gutted and remodeled the Airstream that I live in while my house was for sale in 2013-2014. Once the house sold, I became a full time resident in the Airstream.
How did you hear about Carefree of Colorado or how long have you been a Carefree customer?
I heard about Carefree through PPL Motorhomes website. I used them to buy my appliances and figured I would give carefree a chance to help with my awning project.
What Carefree Product did you purchase?
I purchased an acrylic awning fabric to fit my Dometic 8500 series canopy that was in very poor condition.
What made you choose Carefree instead of dometic?
I chose carefree because of their unique solutions to my predicament and their great customer service.
Carefree of Colorado would like to say thank you to James Callahan of Rune Wines for his contribution to our “Getting to Know Carefree’s Customers” Blog Series. It is customers like you that make RVing what it is. Enjoy your Carefree Acrylic Fabric and enjoy the shade in Arizona!
Do you have a Carefree of Colorado product story that you would like us to feature on our Getting to Know Carefree’s Customers Blog Series? Please email Carefree to tell your story or to get more details. Happy Camping!

domain: geography


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Decision to enter into new supply agreements for funded vaccines in the National Immunisation Schedule
We're pleased to announce decisions related to the National Immunisation Schedule for the supply of vaccines.
On this page
What we’re doing
We're pleased to announce decisions related to the National Immunisation Schedule following a Request for Proposals (RFP) for the supply of various vaccines, including influenza vaccine.
In summary, this will result in the continued supply of 13 currently funded brands of vaccines, changes to three brands of currently funded vaccines, and a change to the type of meningococcal vaccine for high-risk infants. There are no substantial changes to the eligibility criteria as a result of this RFP.
The following vaccines will continue to be supplied by the same supplier, with the same brand from 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2027:
|Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine||BCG Vaccine (Seqirus)|
|Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine||Boostrix (GSK)|
|Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio vaccine||Infanrix IPV (GSK)|
|Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine||Infanrix-Hexa (GSK)|
|Hepatitis A adult vaccine||Havrix 1440* (GSK)|
|Hepatitis A paediatric vaccine||Havrix Junior (GSK)|
|Hepatitis B adult recombinant vaccine||Engerix-B (GSK)|
|Hepatitis B paediatric recombinant vaccine||Engerix-B Paediatric (GSK)|
|Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine||Priorix (GSK)|
|Meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) conjugate vaccine||MenQuadfi (Sanofi)|
|Pneumococcal (PCV13) conjugate vaccine||Prevenar 13 (Pfizer)|
|Pneumococcal (PPV23) polysaccharide vaccine||Pneumovax 23 (MSD)|
|Poliomyelitis vaccine||IPOL (Sanofi)|
|Rotavirus oral vaccine||Rotarix (GSK)|
|Tuberculin PPD (Mantoux) test||Tubersol (Sanofi)|
* Brand name will be updated from Havrix to Havrix 1440.
Changes to brands of funded vaccines
The following vaccines will continue to be funded, supplied by different suppliers with different brands:
|Vaccine||Current funded brand (supplier)||New funded brand (supplier)|
|Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine||Hiberix (GSK)||Act-HIB (Sanofi)|
|Varicella vaccine [Chickenpox vaccine]||Varivax (MSD)||Varilrix (GSK)|
|Influenza vaccine||Afluria Quad/Afluria Quad Junior (Seqirus)||Influvac Tetra (Viatris)|
Act-HIB and Varilrix will be funded from 1 July 2024 until 30 June 2027. Influenza vaccine changes will occur from 1 February 2024 and supply will continue until 31 December 2025. The supply agreement for influenza vaccine includes optional extensions for the 2026 and 2027 influenza seasons. The list price for influenza vaccine will increase from $11.00 to $12.00 per dose from 1 February 2024.
Change to funded meningococcal vaccine type for children under 12 months of age
The currently funded brand of meningococcal ACWY vaccine (MenQuadfi, supplied by Sanofi) will be the Principal Supply brand. MenQuadfi is approved for use in people over 12 months of age. For high-risk infants under 12 months of age, an alternative brand of meningococcal ACWY vaccine, Nimenrix (supplied by Pfizer), will be funded from 1 July 2024. Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (Neisvac-C), which is currently funded for high-risk infants under 12 months of age, will be delisted from the Pharmaceutical Schedule from 1 December 2024 as Nimenrix will provide better protection against circulating meningococcal strains.
Te Whatu Ora’s Immunisation Handbook will be updated to reflect these changes, and will continue to provide information to vaccinators on the recommended timing of dosing for particular vaccines and catch up programmes.(external link)
There are no changes to the ordering or distribution mechanisms for these vaccines as a result of the RFP.
Any changes to the original proposal?
The following change has been made from the original proposal in response to feedback received during consultation:
Meningococcal ACWY vaccine (Nimenrix)
The eligibility criteria for Nimenrix has been amended to allow for up to three doses to be administered so that infants under 6 months of age who are close contacts of meningococcal cases or have previously had meningococcal disease will be able to receive a full three dose course in line with recommended dosing.(external link)
We have heard that people would like wider access to meningococcal ACWY vaccine and influenza vaccine as well as access to a differentiated influenza vaccine for people 65 years and over. These proposals were unable to be progressed at this time within available funding from Pharmac’s fixed budget. This is discussed in further detail below.
Who we think will be most interested
- Healthcare professionals working in primary care and outreach vaccination settings
- Infectious disease specialists
- Te Whatu Ora
- Suppliers and wholesalers
- Organisations with an interest in immunisation, including Manatū Hauora, Te Pou Hauora Tūmatanui (the Public Health Agency), Te Aka Whai Ora and Immunisation Advisory Centre
Detail about this decision
The current funding criteria applying to all vaccines can be found in:
- Section I (National Immunisation Schedule)(external link) and
- Part II of Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule.(external link)
The Schedule will be amended to implement the approved changes as a result of these decisions.
Details about individual products in this decision can be found below.
Supply and price arrangements
Principal Supply Status (PSS) will be applied to all vaccines in this proposal, with the exception of Nimenrix, which will be an Alternative Brand listing to allow for meningococcal ACWY vaccination of eligible children under 12 months of age. PSS means that the principal supplier’s brand is the main brand funded in the community and/or purchased by hospitals, with an alternative brand allowance which enables up to 5% of the market to be supplied by another brand. PSS will apply from 1 April 2024 for influenza vaccine and from 1 July 2024 for all other vaccines included in the RFP.
Confidential net prices will apply to all vaccines where agreements have been reached as a result of this RFP.
There will be no changes to the distribution of vaccines as a result of these decisions. Vaccinators will continue to use the current processes to order vaccines.
Most of the vaccines (except influenza vaccine) will be listed with the “Xpharm” restriction with a $0.00 subsidy. The Xpharm restriction means that pharmacies cannot claim subsidy because Pharmac has made alternative distribution arrangements. A small number of vaccines are currently listed without the Xpharm restriction, which allows pharmacies that have contracted with Te Whatu Ora to administer specific vaccines and claim the Immunisation Subsidy.
The distribution of influenza vaccine will remain the same as a result of this decision. Influenza vaccine is listed in the Pharmaceutical Schedule and distributed in a similar way to other pharmaceuticals.
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
From 1 July 2024, Act-HIB (supplied by Sanofi-Aventis) will be listed in Section I (National Immunisation Schedule) and Part II of Section H, as outlined below. The Hiberix brand will be delisted from 1 December 2024.
|Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine||Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide 10 mcg conjugated to tetanus toxoid as carrier protein 18-30 mcg; prefilled syringe plus vial 0.5 ml||Act-HIB||1||$0.00|
There will be no change to the eligibility criteria in Section I and Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule.
Varicella (Chickenpox) vaccine
From 1 July 2024, Varilrix (supplied by GSK) will be listed in Section I (National Immunisation Schedule) and Part II of Section H, as outlined below and the Varivax brand will be delisted from 1 December 2024.
|Varicella vaccine [Chickenpox Vaccine]||Inj 2000 PFU prefilled syringe plus vial||Varilrix||10||$0.00|
Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine (inj 2000 PFU prefilled syringe plus vial) is currently listed in Part II of Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule with no specified brand to allow access to varicella vaccine for infants between 9 and 12 months of age who are at high risk of the complications of varicella infection. As Varilrix is approved for use in infants from 9 months of age, it will be the listed brand in Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule from 1 July 2024. The eligibility criteria in Part II of Section H will be amended to remove references to these age restrictions.
There will be no changes to the eligibility criteria in Section I and similar eligibility criteria will apply in Part II of Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule.
From 1 February 2024, Influvac Tetra (supplied by Viatris Limited) will be listed in Section I (National Immunisation Schedule) and Part II of Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule as outlined below and the Afluria Quad and Afluria Quad Junior brands will be delisted from 1 April 2024.
|Influenza Vaccine||Inj 60 mcg in 0.5 ml syringe (quadrivalent vaccine) (60 units of active ingredient)||Influvac Tetra||10||$120.00|
The list price for influenza vaccine will increase from $11.00 per dose to $12.00 per dose from 1 February 2024. A confidential rebate will apply to Influvac Tetra, which will lower its net price. The list price increase may result in a higher purchase price for people who are not eligible for funded influenza vaccine and purchase it privately.
The current separate vaccine listing with eligibility criteria for children from 6 months to 35 months will be removed as Influvac Tetra is approved for use in all ages from 6 months onwards.
The eligibility criteria in Section I (National Immunisation Schedule) from 2024 will be as outlined below. Similar eligibility criteria will apply in Part II of Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule.
a) Maximum of 1 inj per prescription
b) Only on a prescription
c) No patient co-payment payable
A. Influenza Vaccine is available each year for people who meet the following criteria, as set by Pharmac:
a. all people 65 years of age and over; or
b. people under 65 years of age who:
i. have any of the following cardiovascular diseases:
a. ischaemic heart disease, or
b. congestive heart failure, or
c. rheumatic heart disease, or
d. congenital heart disease, or
e. cerebro-vascular disease; or
ii. have either of the following chronic respiratory diseases:
a. asthma, if on a regular preventative therapy, or
b. other chronic respiratory disease with impaired lung function; or
iii. have diabetes; or
iv. have chronic renal disease; or
v. have any cancer, excluding basal and squamous skin cancers if not invasive; or
vi. have any of the following other conditions:
a. autoimmune disease, or
b. immune suppression or immune deficiency, or
c. HIV, or
d. transplant recipients, or
e. neuromuscular and CNS diseases/disorders, or
f. haemoglobinopathies, or
g. are children on long term aspirin, or
h. have a cochlear implant, or
i. errors of metabolism at risk of major metabolic decompensation, or
j. pre and post splenectomy, or
k. Down syndrome, or
vii. are pregnant; or
c. children 4 years of age and under who have been hospitalised for respiratory illness or have a history of significant respiratory illness; or
d. people under 65 years of age who:
i. have any of the following serious mental health conditions:
a. schizophrenia, or
b. major depressive disorder, or
c. bipolar disorder, or
d. schizoaffective disorder, or
ii. are currently accessing secondary or tertiary mental health and addiction services.
Unless meeting the criteria set out above, the following conditions are excluded from funding:
a. asthma not requiring regular preventative therapy,
b. hypertension and/or dyslipidaemia without evidence of end-organ disease.
B. Contractors will be entitled to claim payment for the supply of influenza vaccine to patients eligible under the above criteria pursuant to their contract with Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand for subsidised immunisation, and they may only do so in respect of the influenza vaccine listed in the Pharmaceutical Schedule.
C. Contractors may only claim for patient populations within the criteria that are covered by their contract, which may be a sub-set of the population described in paragraph A above.
The eligibility criteria for influenza vaccine were widened to include all Māori and Pacific people aged 55 and 64 years of age and all children up to 12 years of age for the 2023 influenza season only.
The health sector was expected to be under pressure managing hospitalisations from COVID-19 over this time with influenza infections anticipated to put additional strain on the health sector. The decision to widen access only for the 2023 influenza season was made outside of this RFP process and does not apply to the 2024 influenza season, so these additional population groups are not included in the criteria for 2024 onwards.
No changes to influenza vaccine technologies as a result of this RFP
We requested proposals for the supply of different influenza vaccine technologies: adjuvanted influenza vaccine, high dose influenza vaccine and live attenuated influenza vaccine. We are not funding any of these influenza vaccine technologies at this time. However, these technologies may be considered again as part of any future RFP process for influenza vaccines.
Influvac Tetra will be listed with Principal Supply Status (PSS) which means that there will be one funded brand of influenza vaccine. Pharmac will underwrite 75% of the net cost of 100,000 doses of Influvac Tetra per influenza season if not all vaccine has been distributed by the end of the influenza season.
Meningococcal ACWY vaccine for infants under 12 months of age
There will be no change to the funded brand of meningococcal ACWY vaccine for eligible people aged 12 months and over which will remain as MenQuadfi. As MenQuadfi is not currently approved for the use in infants under 12 months of age, Nimenrix will be listed as an alternative brand of meningococcal ACWY vaccine for use in this age group.
From 1 July 2024, the Nimenrix brand of meningococcal ACWY vaccine will be listed in Section I (the National Immunisation Schedule) and Part II of Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule for high-risk infants aged 12 months and under, as outlined below.
|Meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) conjugate vaccine||Inj 5 mcg of each meningococcal polysaccharide conjugated to a total of approximately 44 mcg of tetanus toxoid carrier per 0.5 ml vial||Nimenrix||1||$0.00|
In response to feedback received during consultation, the eligibility criteria for Nimenrix have been amended from those consulted on to allow up to three doses to be administered (bold text in criteria below indicates changes). The eligibility criteria for Nimenrix in Section I will be as outlined below. Similar eligibility criteria will apply in Part II of Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule.
- The child is under 12 months of age; and
- Any of the following:
- A maximum of three doses (dependant on age at first dose) for patients pre- and post- splenectomy and for patients with functional or anatomic asplenia, HIV, complement deficiency (acquired or inherited), or pre- or post- solid organ transplant; or
- A maximum of three doses (dependant on age at first dose) for close contacts of meningococcal cases of any group; or
- A maximum of three doses (dependant on age at first dose) for child who has previously had meningococcal disease of any group; or
- A maximum of three doses (dependant on age at first dose) for bone marrow transplant patients; or
- A maximum of three doses (dependant on age at first dose) for child pre- and post-immunosuppression*.
Note: infants from 6 weeks to less than 6 months of age require a 2+1 schedule, infants from 6 months to less than 12 months of age require a 1+1 schedule. Refer to the Immunisation Handbook for recommended booster schedules with meningococcal ACWY vaccine.
*Immunosuppression due to steroid or other immunosuppressive therapy must be for a period of greater than 28 days.
There will be no change to the eligibility criteria in Section I and Section H of the Pharmaceutical Schedule for MenQuadfi.
The Menactra brand of meningococcal ACWY vaccine is also currently listed on the Pharmaceutical Schedule.
In November 2022, Pharmac notified the sector that Menactra will continue to be listed in the Pharmaceutical Schedule until previously purchased stock is exhausted so vaccinators can use all existing stock before changing to MenQuadfi.
Menactra will be delisted from the Pharmaceutical Schedule in the coming months, once all existing stock has been used.
Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine, Neisvac-C, will be delisted from 1 December 2024, as Nimenrix will also provide protection against meningococcal serotype C in addition to serotypes A, W and Y.
No changes to funded access to meningococcal ACWY vaccine or influenza vaccine as a result of this RFP
We have heard that people would like wider access to meningococcal ACWY vaccine and influenza vaccine. We are unable to widen access to these vaccines at this time within available funding from Pharmac’s fixed budget. However, we would like to widen access to these vaccines and these funding proposals remain on the Options for Investment(external link) list for consideration of future funding when we have sufficient budget.
Further information regarding the groups considered for widened access can be found on the Application Tracker on the Pharmac website:
Changes to presentation descriptions
The following minor changes to presentation descriptions in the Pharmaceutical Schedule will be implemented from 1 July 2024 to more accurately represent the presentation of the product (additions in bold):
|Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine||Inj 2 IU diphtheria toxoid with 20 IU tetanus toxoid, 8 mcg pertussis toxoid, 8 mcg filamentous haemagglutinin and 2.5 mcg pertactin in 0.5 ml prefilled syringe||Boostrix (GSK)|
|Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine||Inj 30 IU diphtheria toxoid with 40 IU tetanus toxoid, 25 mcg pertussis toxoid, 25 mcg pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin, 8 mcg pertactin, 80 D-AgU polio virus, 10 mcg hepatitis B antigen, 10 mcg H. influenzae type b with tetanus toxoid 20-40 mcg||Infanrix-Hexa (GSK)|
Vaccines not included in this decision
Meningococcal B vaccine (Bexsero) and varicella zoster vaccine (Shingrix) are currently listed on the Pharmaceutical Schedule with subsidy and delisting protection until 1 March 2026. These vaccines are subject to a listing agreement that overlaps with the RFP supply period, so they were not included in the RFP.
We are currently in the process of contracting for the continued supply of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, subject to consultation at a later date. We hope to be able to issue a consultation letter on this in the coming months.
Pharmac also holds responsibility for management of COVID-19 vaccines. A plan for the ongoing management of COVID-19 vaccine funding is being developed, and therefore these vaccines were not included in the RFP. We are exploring options for this vaccine and expect to provide more information at a later date.
Our response to what you told us
We are grateful for the time people took to respond to this consultation. A summary of the main themes raised in feedback, our responses to the feedback received and the changes we have made after listening to you are available below.
Supportive of the proposal
A number of responses were supportive of most elements of the proposal.
We are pleased to be entering into new supply agreements that will secure ongoing supply of a range of vaccines.
Supportive of the change to the Varilrix brand of varicella vaccine. This is approved for use from a younger age than the currently funded Varivax, so has the potential to reduce vaccination errors where the wrong vaccine is given to a younger age than it is approved for, if a different vaccine is funded for older children.
We are grateful for the feedback outlining the benefits of a brand change for varicella vaccine to allow one vaccine to be used for all eligible children.
Request funding of differentiated influenza vaccines for people 65 years and over
Requested that Pharmac funds differentiated influenza vaccines for people 65 years of age and over.
Some respondents considered that adjuvanted or high dose influenza vaccines would provide better protection for people 65 years of age and over.
We sought proposals for supply through the RFP that would enable us to fund a differentiated influenza vaccine for people 65 years and over.
This followed advice from the Immunisation Advisory Committee its May 2022 meeting recommending the adjuvanted influenza vaccine be funded only if it was cost neutral to the cost of standard funded influenza vaccine. [PDF, 245 KB]
At this meeting, the Committee considered that either the adjuvanted or high dose influenza vaccine would be more effective for the population aged 65 years and over than the currently funded influenza vaccine. This advice has been taken into account through the RFP process.
The funding of these vaccines was unable to be progressed within available funding from Pharmac’s fixed budget. This means we are not funding any of these influenza vaccine technologies at this time. However, these technologies may be considered as part of any future RFP process for influenza vaccines.
Request for widened access to influenza vaccine
Support for Pharmac to widen access to influenza vaccines:
We have heard that people would like to see widened access to funded influenza vaccine retained.
Through the RFP we asked for proposals that would enable us to consider widened access to these groups. The funding of influenza vaccine for these additional groups was unable to be progressed within the funding available from Pharmac’s fixed budget.
Widened access for these groups of people for the 2023 influenza season was in the context of managing the impact on the health sector by reducing hospitalisations when the health sector was expected to be under pressure managing COVID-19 cases and influenza admissions.
The groups recommended for widened access by the Immunisation Advisory Committee at its May 2022 meeting, including those provided with widened access for the 2023 influenza season, are ranked on the Options for Investment list(external link). This means that even though we are not widening access for future seasons now, we would like to widen access when we have available budget.
Request for widened address to meningococcal ACWY vaccine
Strong support for widened access to meningococcal ACWY vaccine for more young people.
We understand there is a strong desire to have meningococcal vaccines funded for more people. We have sought expert advice and assessed applications to widen access to meningococcal vaccines for different groups of people on multiple occasions.
The Immunisation Advisory Committee has considered widened access to meningococcal ACWY vaccine at its meetings in:
PTAC has considered widened access at its meetings in
Through the RFP we asked for proposals that would enable us to consider widened access to these groups. The funding of meningococcal ACWY vaccine for these additional groups was unable to be progressed within the funding available.
The groups recommended for widened access by our expert clinical advisors are all ranked on the Options for Investment list(external link). This means that even though we are not widening access now, we would like to widen access when we have available budget.
Feedback on the choice of meningococcal ACWY vaccine
Clinicians provided feedback on the proposed choice of funded meningococcal ACWY vaccine:
We appreciate the feedback on the proposed dosing for children under 12 months of age who are close contacts of cases or previously had meningococcal disease. As a result of this feedback, we have amended the proposed criteria to include the extra doses.
We acknowledge that funding the Nimenrix brand for all eligible age groups would avoid the need to fund two meningococcal ACWY vaccines to cover all ages. Unfortunately, we were unable to fund the Nimenrix brand for all eligible age groups within the funding available from Pharmac’s fixed budget.
We understand that the MenQuadfi brand funded for all children is expected to gain approval for use in children under 12 months during the proposed three-year supply period. Once approved, this would allow for one meningococcal ACWY vaccine to be used in all age groups.
If you have any questions about this decision, you can email us at email@example.com; or call our toll-free number (9 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday) on 0800 660 050.


Automatic Gearbox Flushing
Automatic transmissions are wonderful pieces of technology, allowing you to drive smoothly and easily without the hassle of changing gears. In heavy traffic and around town, they can be a godsend, particularly in larger 4×4 vehicles such as Land Rovers. When your automatic gearbox starts to develop problems, though, it can result in a less than impressive ride, hence the important need for Automatic Gearbox Flushing.
You might experience the car not slipping into gear as easily as it used to, resulting in gear ‘shunting’ or other problems such as gear slippage and your rev meter moving about whilst you’re driving at a steady speed, which can indicate torque converter ‘hunting’. Many of these problems can be simply resolved by changing the automatic transmission fluid, which can lose its properties over time due to a build up of sediment.
Automatic Gearbox Flushing
In order to reduce the chances of automatic transmission issues, autobox servicing is important — particularly on higher mileage vehicles and on vehicles which are used for towing, such as Land Rovers or 4x4s, due to the increased strain on the gearbox.
One solution is to flush the automatic transmission. There are a number of companies who claim to be able to do automatic transmission flushing on Land Rovers and other 4×4 vehicles, but there are a number of ways to do it and very few ways which will help to prolong the life of your automatic transmission. Without specialist equipment, automatic gearbox flushing can be a dangerous and risky procedure.
By using the latest Wynn’s Flush system and adding Wynns Flush to remove deposits and clean internal components, we are able to change your automatic gearbox oil by flushing the system fully of the existing automatic transmission fluid and replacing it in an efficient way which will help to preserve the life of your transmission. With the addition of the Wynn’s ‘Smooth Change’ additive, the risk of future problems is reduced massively.
The system works by connecting directly to the transmission oil cooler lines, and using the latest technology to ensure that your automatic transmission is flushed safely and efficiently, leaving you with an automatic gearbox that changes gears smoothly, efficiently and effectively. With a history stretching back more than 75 years, Wynn’s are a leading name in the field, and we’re very proud to be able to offer automatic gearbox flushing with their name on it.
For more information on our automatic gearbox flushing system, or to speak to us about the benefits of having your automatic transmission flushed, call us today on 01299 250174 or click here to visit our website for further information and other services offered.


text:
Michel Creative is the collaboration of the work, design, inspirations and observations of Mark Michel. Mark has been working in the design profession for over 10 years. He has held positions such as Lead Designer, Art Director, Designer, and Developer. He has always had a creative imagination and a knack for inventive brainstorming. Even as far back as grade school, Mark remembers constructing 3D illustrations that wowed his teachers and fellow students alike. His art projects had dimensions and his text was always properly aligned. Today, Mark continues to revel in the admiration his creations get from colleagues and clients.
Mark comes from a long line of creators and feels fortunate to have “inherited” such an inventive mind. Mark’s family continually encouraged him to pursue his skills and talent through college where he earned a bachelor’s degree in computer science. Throughout the years, Mark has gained a broad range of design experience and has created a vast array of marketing materials, ecommerce websites, animations, logos, and packaging/product design. His clients have ranged from individuals to global corporations.
Creating is what Mark has always had a passion for and he feels privileged to be one of the lucky ones who love what they do. He takes pride in seeing his ideas and designs come to life.

domain: design


text:
SAN FRANCISCO - John F. Kennedy Drive in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park hasn't seen cars in nearly two years-- and now that will be permanent. City officials made the announcement of the Board of Supervisors' vote late Tuesday evening.
In a 7 to 4 vote, the board approved the legislation brought by Mayor London Breed at a special joint meeting with San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency to keep the 1.5-mile stretch of road car free. It has been car-free since April 2020 because of the pandemic.
The legislation was co-sponsored by supervisors Matt Haney, Dean Preston and Rafael Mandelman.
In a statement from the mayor's office, they said the plan greenlights 40 improvements to make the park more accessible for seniors, the disability community and those who live further away from the park.
That was in stark contrast to many from those very communities who argued the opposite.
"San Francisco is a city with a rich history of celebrating our parks and open spaces, and making JFK car-free permanently is the next chapter in that story," Mayor London Breed said in part in a press release.
Ahead of the special meeting, there was a rally outside City Hall to support the idea, with many safe walking and biking advocates in attendance.
The group's main argument is that the road is safer for pedestrians.
"For two years we’ve had a needed safe haven. It’s provided a meaningful space for all ages and abilities to our parks to be able to walk without the threat of dangerous traffic and this we need so badly in our city," said Jodie Medeiros with Walk San Francisco.
But they also see the move as a big step to help the climate.
"If we cannot take climate action for a mere 1.5 miles of roadway in our city’s biggest park, where, where can we take climate action?," said Amandeep Jawa with the San Francisco League of Conservation Voters.
The group in support of a car-free JFK Drive said before the road was closed from Kezar Drive to Transverse Drive, it was on the city’s list of most dangerous streets because there were so many crashes and most of the traffic was people cutting through Golden Gate Park not using it.
But some argue that people with disabilities and the elderly population cannot access the park's gardens or museums when JFK Drive is closed.
The de Young Museum is also opposed to the plan to keep JFK Dr. car free. They released a statement that read: "It negatively impacts a significant group of our local community, including people with disabilities, those with ADA placards, the elderly, families with infants and young children, and others."
A city funded equity study found that there would be a loss of parking, especially those for seniors and those with financial hardships. One public commenter predicted a lot of ADA lawsuits if JFK Dr. were to become car free. In the press release from the mayor's office, 83% of parking spaces from before the closure will be retained. In addition, they said 80% of roadways for driving would be retained under this plan.
There is also competing legislation that was talked about on Tuesday, but it is not ready to be voted on yet. In that plan, some supervisors want to bring back traffic to about two-thirds of the stretch that has been closed.
Hours of public comment were heard from cycling and pedestrian advocates and everyday people who need to do things like get their kids to doctor's appointments and to get to work.
Supervisor Ahsha Safai questioned the equity of the mayor's plan. Meanwhile, Supervisor Shamann Walton had previously called the plan "recreational redlining." He said it excludes people without reliable transportation from areas like Bayview District, Visitacion Valley, Mission and Excelsior neighborhoods.
"To close down portions of the park says to a certain geography, says to a certain class of people, says to a certain race of people here in San Francisco; that you weren't welcome before and you're still not welcome," Walton said on the day of the vote.
The mayor's office in a statement said the plan adds nearly two-dozen free blue zone spaces behind the Music Concourse Bandshell and that the lot, which broke ground in February, including curb ramps and accessible pathways, puts visitors closer to the museum's entrances.
The plan also includes improvements to the free Park Shuttle, and adds new weekday service, more frequent weekend service, and an expanded route that connects with Muni on Haight Street and stops at Stowe Lake.
"I’m excited that car-free JFK is here to stay. The more we reduce our dependence on cars and prioritize safe pedestrian, bike and mass transit friendly spaces, the better and healthier our city
will be," said Supervisor Haney.
Supervisor Preston, agreed with some of those environmental benefits.
"Today we made history by voting to keep Car Free JFK as a safe place for kids to learn to ride their bikes, pedestrians to safely walk, and people from all corners of San Francisco to gather and build community. Car Free JFK is a critical piece of a robust network of safe streets for walking and biking that will move our city toward a greener, safer future," said Supervisor Preston.

domain: sociology


text:
Quote by Edwin Markham
Defeat may serve as well as victory to shake the soul and let the glory out.
This quote suggests that experiencing defeat can have a profound impact on one's character and the expression of their true potential. While victory may bring acknowledgement and success, defeat has the power to challenge and deeply inspire individuals, awakening their innate strength and resilience. Such setbacks can illuminate one's hidden powers and provoke the emergence of their true glory. In this way, defeat can be seen as a catalyst for personal growth and the unveiling of one's full potential.

domain: psychology


text:
Ashlee Simpson And Evan Ross Welcome Baby Girl!
Ashlee Simpson and Evan Ross welcomed their first child together, a baby girl, on Thursday. The pair was surrounded by family and friends, but have yet to release the baby’s name or any other details surrounding their daughter’s arrival. Gossip Cop has reached out to a rep for Simpson for comment.
As Gossip Cop reported, Simpson and Ross announced last December they were expecting a baby. This is the first child for Ross, but the second for Simpson, who is already the mom to a six-year-old son named Bronx from her previous marriage to Pete Wentz. Simpson and Ross got married in August 2014 at the Connecticut estate of the new dad’s mom, legendary singer Diana Ross. Simpson’s sister Jessica served as matron of honor at the nuptials, which took place more than a month after her own wedding with Eric Johnson.
Earlier this month, Gossip Cop exclusively corrected a false report that claimed Ashlee and Jessica Simpson were “at war” over each other’s parenting skills. The rumor, which was published in In Touch, alleged that a then-pregnant Ashlee was feuding with her big sister because Jessica allegedly wouldn’t stop giving her unwanted parenting advice. Sources for both Jessica and Ashlee Simpson both told Gossip Cop exclusively that the claim was untrue, and that each sister felt the other was a great mom.
Gossip Cop would like to congratulate Simpson and Ross on the birth of their first child together.

domain: celebrity


text:
CDN $ 750.00
1971 Porsche Factory 1000KM de Buenos Aires Argentina poster. The artwork by Strenger shows the winning Gulf Porsche 917K driven by Jo Siffert and Derek Bell. The poster is in very good condition and measures 30×40″.
Gallery hours are Monday-Saturday
10-5 EST, or by appointment
72 Scollard St.
M5R 1G2, Canada


The New DDoS Defense: Denying Denial -of- Service Attacks
Enterprises are under attack. Any business that depends on the Internet is a target for distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, which overload a network and its components, effectively shutting down the network. These attacks are more than an inconvenience — they can harm an organization’s reputation or, worse, cost lots of money in lost customers, revenue, and data. This Technology Spotlight describes DDoS attacks and their rise in the business market. After a discussion of the costs of these attacks and current mitigation solutions, the paper examines Arbor Cloud, a DDoS service from Arbor Networks. This Technology Spotlight also provides advice for organizations evaluating DDoS mitigation solutions.
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