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The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act allowed fugitive and freed workers in the north to be captured and enslaved. This made Harriet’s job as an Underground Railroad conductor much harder and forced her to lead enslaved people further north to Canada, traveling at night, usually in the spring or fall when the days were shorter.
What sacrifices did Harriet Tubman do?
Conductor on the Underground Railroad, military leader, suffragist, and descendant of the Ashanti ethnic group in Ghana, Harriet Tubman is an American hero. The sacrifices she made to save her family and friends from slavery continue to inspire others today.
What happened to Harriet Tubman after the Underground Railroad?
It was this adaptability that would lead Tubman to excel in her post-Underground Railroad endeavors. Over the next half-century, she would work as a Union Army General, a liberator, a nurse, a cook, a scout, a spy-ring chief, a celebrated orator, a caretaker and a community organizer.
What bad things did Harriet Tubman do?
Born Araminta Ross some time around 1822 on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, Tubman lived through and witnessed the violence of slavery —the selling of her sisters, the brutal beatings of enslaved people, and the death and destruction that clung to slavery’s cloak.
What was the punishment for the Underground Railroad?
A severe beating was the most common form of discipline, usually administered with a bull whip or a wooden paddle. The offender would be hung by the hands or staked to the ground and every slave on the plantation would be forced to watch the whipping to deter them from running away.
What happened to the Underground Railroad?
End of the Line The Underground Railroad ceased operations about 1863, during the Civil War. In reality, its work moved aboveground as part of the Union effort against the Confederacy.
What did Harriet Tubman do to end slavery?
Harriet Tubman led hundreds of slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad. most common “liberty line” of the Underground Railroad, which cut inland through Delaware along the Choptank River. The gateway for runaway slaves heading north was Philadelphia, which had a strong Underground Railroad network.
Is Gertie Davis died?
A runaway slave, Harriet Tubman faced the prospect of imprisonment and re-enslavement. Tubman risked her life each time she ventured back south to
What were the risks of the Underground Railroad?
If they were caught, any number of terrible things could happen to them. Many captured fugitive slaves were flogged, branded, jailed, sold back into slavery, or even killed. Not only did fugitive slaves have the fear of starvation and capture, but there were also threats presented by their surroundings.
What are three facts about Harriet Tubman?
8 amazing facts about Harriet Tubman
- Tubman’s codename was “Moses,” and she was illiterate her entire life.
- She suffered from narcolepsy.
- Her work as “Moses” was serious business.
- She never lost a slave.
- Tubman was a Union scout during the Civil War.
- She cured dysentery.
- She was the first woman to lead a combat assault.
Was the Underground Railroad an actual railroad?
Nope! Despite its name, the Underground Railroad wasn’t a railroad in the way Amtrak or commuter rail is. It wasn’t even a real railroad. The Underground Railroad of history was simply a loose network of safe houses and top secret routes to states where slavery was banned.
How did Harriet Tubman show integrity?
She saved lives, she was the conductor of the Undergrounded RailRoad and she was a brave lady to do what she did. Her name is Harriet Tubman. Harriet Tubman demonstrated courage by showing Excellence, Integrity, and Respect. Next, she showed integrity by marrying a free man that didn’t really love her.
How many slaves did Harriet Tubman save?
Fact: According to Tubman’s own words, and extensive documentation on her rescue missions, we know that she rescued about 70 people —family and friends—during approximately 13 trips to Maryland.
How did Harriet Tubman escape?
Tubman herself used the Underground Railroad to escape slavery. In September 1849, fearful that her owner was trying to sell her, Tubman and two of her brothers briefly escaped, though they didn’t make it far. For reasons still unknown, her brothers decided to turn back, forcing Tubman to return with them.
What punishment did slaves receive?
Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, beating, mutilation, branding, and/or imprisonment. Punishment was most often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but masters or overseers sometimes abused slaves to assert dominance.
Sacrifice In Harriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad
“We’ve got to go free or die,” Harriet Tubman remarked on several occasions. And freedom does not come at a cost of dust.” As indicated by this quotation, her acts and those of many others are connected to the themes of freedom and sacrifice. Harriet Tubman was intimately acquainted with the concepts of freedom and sacrifice since, while working as a conductor on the Underground Railroad, she assisted a large number of enslaved people in gaining their freedom. As one example, Thomas Garrett’s efforts to assist the underground railroad are likewise related to the principle indicated by Tubman’s words.
In general, the underground railroad was comprised of a number of altruistic individuals who volunteered their time to aid enslaved people.
Harriet Tubman’s actions as a conductor were instrumental in the emancipation of hundreds of slaves who were transported to Canada.
Apparently, this journey from Dorchester County, Maryland to St.
Evidently, on a journey of this scale, Tubman was putting her own and her companions’ lives in danger by embarking on it.
Furthermore, Harriet Tubman was fully aware of the dangers she was putting herself in.
Harriet Tubman, Thomas Garrett, and William Still are all wonderful examples of people who place a high value on this subject since they all dedicated their lives to the task of emancipating African-American slaves.
HTubman – Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)
“Either we go free or we die,” Harriet Tubman famously declared. In addition, freedom does not come cheap.” According to this quotation, her acts and those of many others are connected to the themes of freedom and sacrifice. The Underground Railroad gave Harriet Tubman a firsthand understanding of freedom and sacrifice, and she used her position as a conductor on the railroad to assist countless slaves in gaining their freedom. As an example, Thomas Garrett’s efforts to assist the Underground Railroad are likewise related to the principle indicated by Tubman’s words.
- In general, the underground railroad was comprised of a number of altruistic individuals who volunteered their time to aid enslaved individuals.
- As a conductor, Harriet Tubman’s efforts enabled hundreds of slaves to escape to Canada, where they eventually found freedom.
- She traveled from Dorchester County, Maryland to St.
- According to Tubman, by embarking on a journey of this scale, she was putting her own and her companions’ lives in danger.
- Besides that, Harriet Tubman was fully aware of the ramifications of her actions.
- This issue is represented by three outstanding examples of people who care about it: Harriet Tubman, Thomas Garrett, and William Still.
They were all dedicated to the task of emancipating slaves. While many kind individuals helped runaway slaves in their own way, the collective efforts of the Underground Railroad made a significant contribution to the liberation of slavery.
Enslaved Families in Dorchester County
During the summer of 1822, Araminta Ross (Harriet Tubman) was born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore in Dorchester County. Harriet Tubman’s parents, Harriet “Rit” (mother) and Ben Ross (father), were the parents of nine children, including Harriet Tubman. Tubman did not have the opportunity to spend quality time with her family when she was a youngster. The only ones who were sent to Edward Brodess’ property in Bucktown were Tubman, her mother, and her brothers; the rest remained with their slaveholder, Edward Brodess.
- Her mother abandoned her when she was six years old and she was forced to work for various masters to care for their children and capture and trap muskrats in the Little Blackwater River.
- Tubman recalled the emotional anguish she had had when away from her family, and she vowed that she would never go through it again.
- Photo courtesy of the National Park Service’s Beth Parnicza Harriet Tubman fought against slavery for the majority of her years at the plantation.
- While attempting to throw a two-pound weight at the enslaved man, the overseer accidentally flung it at Tubman in the head, nearly killing her.
- Tubman’s mother tried everything she could to nurse her daughter back to health, but she was snatched away from her and forced to return to work once more.
- Tubman rented herself out and worked in the forest fields with her father at Stewart’s Canal at Parson’s Creek, cutting and logging wood down the canal to support the family’s living expenses.
- Another set of navigational abilities that Tubman learned came from African American mariners (sailors) who worked in the Parson’s Creek wood fields during his time there.
- They used their ships to convey products to Baltimore, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, among other places.
- When she was laboring in the marshlands of Parson’s Creek, she met and married her first husband, John Tubman, who happened to be a free man at the time.
- Both free and enslaved African Americans shared the same settlement in Dorchester County, where they lived and worked.
- Liberated African Americans gave information on the location of safe homes and routes on the Underground Railroad to others seeking liberation from slavery.
The marshlands of Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge serve as a reminder of the area on which Harriet Tubman toiled as an oppressed child until she reached maturity and eventually escaped slavery. Photo courtesy of the National Park Service’s Beth Parnicza
Escape from Slavery
Tubman’s enslaver, Edward Brodess, passed away in March of 1849, according to historical records. Tubman was well aware that in order for Brodess’s wife to settle her husband’s debts, she would have to sell some of her slaves, which she did not want to do. Tubman did not want to be sold away from her family and into the much more cruel circumstances of slavery in the far South, which would have meant being separated from her children. She escaped from slavery on her own in the fall of 1849, and she eventually achieved freedom in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Despite the fact that Harriet Tubman gained her freedom, she was forced to live apart from her family.
It was during the Civil War when Tubman’s service as a liberator was most prominent (1861-1865). Tubman’s connections with well-known black and white abolitionists in the North attracted the attention of various white politicians before to the outbreak of the Civil War. Following Tubman’s success in releasing slaves on the Underground Railroad out of Maryland and transporting them north into Philadelphia and St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, Massachusetts Governor John Andrew became aware of his accomplishments.
Tubman landed at Port Royal, South Carolina, in 1862 to assist Union generals in recruiting black men, to act as a spy for the Union, and to provide nursing services to injured soldiers.
Tubman, Colonel James Montgomery, and the 2nd Carolina Colored Infantry were responsible for the burning of multiple plantations, the destruction of Confederate supply lines, and the abolition of slavery for more than 750 individuals.
Life in Auburn, New York
It was during the Civil War when Tubman’s activity as a liberator was most active (1861-1865). As a result of her connections with well-known abolitionists in the North, Tubman attracted the attention of various white politicians prior to the outbreak of the war. Tubman’s accomplishment in releasing slaves on the Underground Railroad out of Maryland and transporting them north to Philadelphia and St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, caught the attention of Massachusetts Governor, John Andrew. The information and abilities that Tubman obtained while walking through the marshlands of Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Andrew felt, would be valuable in the marshlands of South Carolina’s coastal area, because the two places were comparable.
She made perhaps her most significant contribution to weakening the Confederacy on June 1, 1863, when she organized and led an armed raid along the Combahee River, making history as the first woman to do so in the history of United States military operations.
In addition to destroying Confederate supply lines, Tubman and the 2nd Carolina Colored Infantry were responsible for the emancipation of more than 750 persons from slavery throughout the war.
The 100th anniversary of the death of Harriet Tubman, one of the most outstanding women in American history, will be commemorated on Sunday, March 10, 2019. In 1820 or 1822, Araminta “Minty” Ross (later Harriet Tubman) was born into slavery in Tobacco Stick, Maryland, the fifth of nine children. Like other slaves, she was unclear of her exact birth date at the time of her birth. Her years of hard labor began when she was five years old and “loaned out” to another plantation. Tubman said that she received as many as six or seven beatings a day, even as a small kid, according to her.
- “Slavery is the second worst thing that can happen to a person,” she declared, speaking for millions of blacks who toiled in backbreaking conditions.
- She and her brothers chose to flee in the spring of 1849 after discovering that she and her two brothers were scheduled to be sold into slavery at their home.
- Harriet tried a second escape attempt in the fall of 1849, this time by herself.
- Quakers accompanied her on her trek, which finally brought her to Pennsylvania.
- ” “I felt like a stranger in a strange country.” She was resolved to return to Maryland and free as many of her family members as she possibly could before she died.
(The number of people Tubman assisted in escaping was first estimated at 300 by her early biographers, a figure that remained for decades before being challenged by current historians.) In recognition of her slave-liberating expeditions, Tubman was called “the Moses of her people” or “Black Moses” by the press.
She sent a message to her husband, John, from a hiding place near his house, informing him that she had arrived to rescue him.
Following the Union army’s capture of Port Royal, South Carolina, in November 1861, Massachusetts Governor John Andrew asked Tubman to travel to Beaufort and assist in the care of the large number of black men, women, and children who were no longer plantation slaves but were also no longer legally free.
- A raiding expedition commanded by Colonel James Montgomery rescued around 700 slaves who got aboard three gunboats, and Tubman joined the party (most likely as a scout) because of her knowledge of the surrounding area.
- History professor Milton Sernett has stated unambiguously that Tubman held no military rank and did not lead an Army unit during his lifetime.
- During the fall of 1865, Tubman returned to Auburn, New York, a place with a strong abolitionist culture and a stop on the Underground Railroad, where she would reside for the rest of her life.
- According to Helen Tatlock, her neighbor and friend, the Tubman home “had a huge number of young and old, black and white, all of whom were poorer than she” when she visited.
- The fruits and vegetables she grew on her seven-acre plot of land were sold to supplement her family’s income, which she supplemented by raising pigs, chickens, and ducks.
- She had lived on the verge of poverty for most of her life and had been a battlefield nurse during the Civil War.
- Harriet Tubman died in 1913 as a result of a lung illness.
Her battles for freedom, followed by her self-sacrificial attempts to aid others, serve as a reminder of the principles that we Americans hold dear in both tradition and law.” — P.S.
in Auburn, Michigan.
— George J.
— Bordewich, F.
LKWDPL is published by Harper Collins Publishers in New York.
(2003), “Harriet Tubman: The Life and the Life Stories,” in Harriet Tubman: The Life and the Life Stories.
(2004), “Harriet Tubman: Portrait of an American Hero,” in Harriet Tubman: Portrait of an American Hero.
Random House Publishing Company, New York Sernett, M. (2007), “Harriet Tubman: Myth, Memory, and History,” in Harriet Tubman: Myth, Memory, and History. Duke University Press has two locations: Durham and London. Delivered directly to your inbox: today’s breaking news and more.
How Harriet Tubman and William Still Helped the Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad, a network of people who assisted enslaved persons in escaping to the North, was only as strong as the people who were willing to put their own lives in danger to do so. Among those most closely associated with the Underground Railroad were Harriet Tubman, one of the most well-known “conductors,” and William Still, who is generally referred to as the “Father of the Underground Railroad.”
Harriet Tubman escaped slavery and guided others to freedom
Tubman, who was born into slavery in Maryland under the name Araminta Harriet Ross, was able to escape to freedom via the use of the Underground Railroad. Throughout her childhood, she was subjected to constant physical assault and torture as a result of her enslavement. In one of the most serious instances, she was struck in the head with an object weighing two pounds, resulting in her suffering from seizures and narcoleptic episodes for the rest of her life. John Tubman was a free black man when she married him in 1844, but nothing is known about their connection other than the fact that she adopted his last name.
- Even though she began the voyage with her brothers, she eventually completed the 90-mile journey on her own in 1849.
- As a result, she crossed the border again in 1850, this time to accompany her niece’s family to Pennsylvania.
- Instead, she was in charge of a gang of fugitive bond agents.
- Her parents and siblings were among those she was able to save.
- Tubman, on the other hand, found a way around the law and directed her Underground Railroad to Canada, where slavery was illegal (there is evidence that one of her destinations on an 1851 voyage was at the house of abolitionist Frederick Douglass).
- “”I was a conductor on the Underground Railroad for eight years, and I can say things that other conductors are unable to express,” she stated with a sense of accomplishment.
“I never had a problem with my train going off the tracks or losing a passenger.” Continue reading Harriet Tubman: A Timeline of Her Life, Underground Railroad Service, and Activism for more information.
William Still helped more than 800 enslaved people escape
Meanwhile, William Still was born in Burlington County, New Jersey, a free state, into a life of liberty and opportunity. The purchase of his freedom by his father, Levi Steel, occurred while his mother, Sidney, was on the run from slavery. In his early years, he came to the aid of a friend who was being pursued by enslaved catchers. He was still a child at the time. The Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery hired him in 1844 to work as a janitor and clerk at their Philadelphia offices.
Around this time, he began assisting fleeing enslaved persons by providing them with temporary lodging in the years leading up to the Civil War.
It is claimed that he escorted 800 enslaved persons to freedom over the course of his 14-year career on the route, all while maintaining meticulous records of their journeys.
More about Harriet Tubman’s life of service after the Underground Railroad can be found at this link.
Tubman made regular stops at Still’s station
Tubman was a frequent visitor at Still’s station, since she made a regular stop in Philadelphia on her way to New York. He is also said to have contributed monetarily to several of Tubman’s journeys. Her visits clearly left an effect on him, as evidenced by the inclusion of a section about her in his book, which followed a letter from Thomas Garrett about her ushering in arriving visitors. As Stillwright put it in his book, “Harriet Tubman had become their “Moses,” but not in the same way that Andrew Johnson had been their “Moses of the brown people.” “She had obediently gone down into Egypt and, through her own heroics, had delivered these six bondmen to safety.
But in terms of courage, shrewdness, and selfless efforts to rescue her fellow-men, she was without peer.
“While great anxieties were entertained for her safety, she appeared to be completely free of personal dread,” he went on to say.
will portray William Still, in the upcoming film Harriet. The film will explore the life and spirit of Tubman, and the role that Still had in guiding so many people on the road to freedom.
Harriet Tubman: Former slave who risked all to save others
Getty Images is the source of this image. During the Civil War, Harriet Tubman served as a spy and a nurse for the Union, as seen in the image description. Harriet Tubman crossed the invisible line that separated the state of Pennsylvania from the rest of the United States sometime in the middle of October 1849. Tuberculosis (also known as tuberculosis) is a condition that occurs when a slave escapes from a plantation and is halfway through a nearly 90-mile trek from Maryland to Philadelphia, as well as the journey from slavery to freedom.
Her precise path is uncertain, although she is said to have walked down the Choptank River and traveled through Delaware, guided by the North Star, to reach her destination.
It seemed like Heaven; the sun shone like gold through the trees and out across the plains, and I felt as if I was in the presence of Almighty God.” After that, Tubman returned to Maryland on numerous occasions to rescue others, transporting them along the so-called “underground railroad,” a network of safe houses that was used to transport slaves from the slave states of the South to free states in North America.
- Tubman was awarded the Medal of Honor for her efforts.
- Later in life, she rose to prominence as a spy for the Union Army during the American Civil War, as a major advocate of the women’s suffrage campaign, and as a celebrated veteran of the abolitionist cause.
- She collected her two younger brothers, Benjamin and Henry, out of fear that they might be sold further south, and they managed to escape on the night of the 17th.
- A notice in a local newspaper offered a $100 prize for the return of each of them if they could be located.
- The only person who could keep up with Tubman was herself, driven by a steely resolve that would come to characterize her.
A daring escape
During her childhood in Dorchester County, Maryland, Harriet Tubman was the fourth of nine children born to two enslaved parents. Araminta – or “Minty” – Ross was the name Benjamin Ross and Harriet Rit chose for their fourth child. After growing up on the plantation, Minty had a concussion as a teenager after being struck in the head by an iron weight that an overlord had thrown at another slave. She was gravely injured and suffered from seizures for the remainder of her life, as well as “visions” that she claimed were sent by God, according to her beliefs.
- Her husband, John Tubman, who was a free man at the time of her decision to flee, remained behind.
- It was in late 1850 that she received word that her niece, Kessiah Jolley Bowley, whom she considered more of a sister than a niece, was to be auctioned off by the prior owner of Tubman’s home.
- She went on her first rescue operation with Tubman.
- A plan was developed between the two of them when she visited Bowley’s husband John in Baltimore in December.
- After smuggling them out of the country before anybody realized what was happening, he sailed them up the Chesapeake River to Baltimore, where they caught up with Tubman.
- Tubman would go on to assist at least 70 others – relatives, friends, and strangers – in their efforts to escape slavery in this manner, incurring huge risks with her own hard-won freedom in the process.
- Following widespread public recognition of her courageous rescues, the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison dubbed her “Moses,” after the prophet who led the Jews out of slavery in Egypt, and the term stuck.
- And, in 1856, she rescued her parents, who had been awarded their freedom but were accused of assisting others in escaping from the country.
He claims that the abolitionist movement was not about “white people helping vulnerable black people,” as many people have come to believe. African-Americans were critical to the organization’s success, and Harriet Tubman was “in the forefront of that.”
Nurse, scout and spy
Given that slave owners were permitted to catch slaves who fled to free states by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, Tubman assisted in extending the underground railroad to Canada, where individuals could settle without fear of being apprehended. Her meeting with John Brown, an abolitionist who was determined to using violence to eliminate slavery, took place at this location in 1850. Tubman aided Brown in the planning of a raid on a government armory in Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia, with the goal of taking firearms to arm slaves in preparation for a slave uprising.
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Tubman served as a cook and a nurse, and later as a scout and a spy, gathering intelligence for the Union government from behind the lines of the Confederates.
“I’ve never seen anything like that,” she subsequently remarked after seeing the rescue.
Written out of history
Following the war, Tubman traveled to Eastern towns to give lectures in favour of women’s suffrage, drawing on her own experiences in the struggle against slavery. She quickly rose to prominence in the women’s suffrage movement. During her time in Auburn, New York, she resided on a tiny plot of property that had been granted to her by abolitionist Senator William H Seward. She married Nelson Davis, a Civil War soldier, in 1869, and the couple had a daughter, Gertie, in 1874, after adopting her.
Tubman’s brain damage as a kid was becoming more severe as she grew older, and she eventually moved into the house that was named after her in 1913.
Despite the fact that Tubman’s actions were fully documented during her lifetime, she was, like many other African-Americans, written out of history in the decades following the Civil War, according to Mr Bordewich.
Tubman will be the first woman to appear on a US currency since Martha Washington temporarily appeared on the $1 bill in the 1890s when the new $20 note goes into circulation – which is expected to happen in 2020 at the earliest.
The decision is a “victory for the public acknowledgement of African-Americans who battled for freedom,” according to Mr Bordewich. In lieu of previous President Andrew Jackson, who was a slave owner, Tubman will be shown on the face of the bill. Jackson will be sent to the back of the line.
Harriet Tubman is regarded as a national hero and a powerful role model in the United States. The five-foot-tall African American abolitionist led hundreds of slaves away from a fate that was thought to be unavoidable at the time of her death. She is a well-known female figure that many people consider to be an inspiration. Harriet Ross Tubman, whose given name was Araminta “Minty” Ross, was born a slave on the farm of Edward Brodess in Dorchester County, Maryland, where she later became a famous activist.
- (Image courtesy of the Harriet Tubman Historical Society).
- Although her exact year of birth is uncertain, many assume she was born about 1825.
- Arminta began working as a servant when she was approximately five years old, for other people’s families.
- The next year, she was employed to set muskrat traps; but, due to the nature of the job, she was continuously wet from the waist down, and as a result, she had measles and was forced to return to Brodess.
- This resulted in a significant brain damage that would have a long-term impact on her quality of life.
- In Dorchester County, however it is unclear if he was born free or into slavery at the time of his birth.
- In this section of the nation, marriages between slaves and free men were not unusual because more than half of the African American community was free, according to the Harriet Tubman Historical Society.
(Harriet Tubman Historical Society-Coming of Age and Marriage) Because there was always the possibility of a slave being sold, these couplings were constantly in jeopardy.
In 1849, Arminta’s owner, Edward Brodess, was forced to sell some of his slaves in order to pay off his financial obligations.
Edward Brodess, the slave owner, passed just a week later.
– (From the Harriet Tubman Historical Society, “How Did Harriet Tubman Escape?” They had previously witnessed three of their sisters being sold, and she was determined that this would not happen to them as well.
(Source: Harriet Tubman Historical Society, “How Did Harriet Tubman Escape?
In preparation for her escape, she changed her name to Harriet, after her mother, and took on her husband’s last name, Tubman, which he had given her as a wedding gift.
They managed to get away from the Poplar Neck Plantation on Monday, September 17, 1849.
After watching her brothers safely return home, Harriet decides to travel to Philadelphia by herself, vowing that she would not return and will stay bndage for the rest of her life.
She intended to return to her home and rescue her family once she had saved up enough money.
There were other names for it, including “underground” because of its secrecy, and “railroad” since it was a newly emerging mode of transit.
Researchers estimate that almost 100,000 slaves fled through the Underground Railroad throughout its time of operation.
It reached its zenith in the 1850s and came to an end in 1863 with the proclamation of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln.
The penalty might be imprisonment or a substantial fine.
Once Harriet had established herself in the North, she set about putting together a network of trustworthy black and white acquaintances who would shelter fugitive slaves and help them get to their destination.
In honor of Harriet Tubman, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison gave her the moniker “Moses.” The name was chosen to serve as an allusion to the biblical account of Moses, who strove to lead the Jews into the promised land in the course of his journey.
They were due to be sold, so she raced south, across the Mason Dixon Line to Baltimore, where she took refuge in the home of Kessiah’s husband John Bowley, who happened to be a free African American.
The following night, they embarked on a voyage to Baltimore, where they saw Tubman.
Moses, her brother, was the next person to be saved.
She, on the other hand, believed that returning again and time again was a risk worth taking.
Slave travelers on their route to St.
He once had 11 fugitives living beneath his house at the same time.
She advised slaves to flee their owners on Saturday so that they might have a head start on the owner, who would not find out until Monday because Sunday was a day of rest for the owner.
The summer months were marked by longer days and greater daylight time.
She would take back routes, canals, mountains, and wetlands in order to avoid being captured by slave catchers.
Between 1849 and 1855, Harriet’s reputation as a liberator of her people began to grow, and she became known as “the Mother of the Nation.” She continued to live and work in Philadelphia, earning a living and putting money aside.
As a result of her boldness, she became acquainted with abolitionists at this period.
It is thought that Harriet was able to connect with influential reformers such as William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Martha Coffin Wright as a result of her connections.
She was pleased with the fact that she had “never lost a passenger.” Those who supported the abolition of slavery praised Harriet’s missions and her determination.
One of Harriet’s final missions was to transport her parents to the United States.
Some organizations wished to have them expelled from the country and only maintain those who were slaves.
But Ben was a free man, but Rit, the mother of Harriet’s daughter, was not free at all.
Eliza was resolved not to let Rit go free, despite the fact that she was much older than that.
Ben found himself in difficulties with the authorities in 1857 when he was caught harboring fugitives in his home.
It was a struggle for her to carry her elderly parents, who were unable to walk for lengthy periods of time.
They made their home in St.
When the Rosses arrived in Canada, they changed their last names to Steward, adopting the surname of their son who had been adopted.
Catherine’s to assist her parents, but after her mother expressed dissatisfaction with the harsh Canadian winters, she convinced her parents to relocate their family to Auburn, New York, where she purchased seven acres of land and established a homestead.
Harriet had been attempting to save Rachel, her sister, for more than a decade, but had been unsuccessful.
Rachel had passed away when she came, and she was heartbroken.
Due to the large number of slave hunters on the route, the Ennals resorted to poison their child with paregoric in order to keep him from crying out in pain.
Catharines, Ontario, without any mishaps.
Upon the election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860, southern slave states formed the Confederate States of America and seceded from the United States of America.
Southern states were outraged by the judgment that had been reached.
Harriet was recruited as a volunteer in 1861 as a member of the Massachusetts army under the command of General Benjamin Butler.
They were stationed in Fort Monroe, Virginia, on the western bank of the Chesapeake Bay, and were responsible for defending the area.
The fort was inundated with fugitives, or as they were known in the military, “contrabands,” and the majority of them arrived with their families and little children.
Women were assigned the tasks of cooking and doing washing.
After the Emancipation Proclamation became effective on January 1, 1863, colored persons were permitted to enlist in the United States Armed Services.
Eventually, Harriet found herself as a member of an espionage task force, where she rose to the position of squad leader.
She was tasked with the task of constructing lifelines and escape routes for enslaved people.
on June 2, 1863, Harriet led a troop of one hundred and fifty back troops from the Second South Carolina Battallion on a journey down the Combahee River.
The raid, which became known as the Combahee River Raid, resulted in the liberation of more than 775 slaves.
Sanborn, wrote a piece titled “Harriet Tubman,” Harriet’s exploits during the Combahee River Raid remained a mystery.
It was published in the Commonwealth, a Boston-based antislavery journal, that Sanborn’s piece appeared.
When the Civil War came to a conclusion, Harriet returned to her hometown of Auburn, New York.
Her brothers and their families subsequently relocated from St.
Her parents died as a result of their advanced age.
Nelson Davis, a man who had sought refuge in Harriet’s home in 1869, introduced her to each other.
In Auburn, on March 18, 1869, in the Presbyterian Church, Harriet and Davis were united in marriage.
In addition, Davis was afflicted with tuberculosis (TB), which prevented him from working for long periods of time, putting Harriet in charge of the family.
Harriet was always willing to provide a helping hand to people in need, but her financial position was bad.
To aid with house payments and elder care for her parents, all of the money from the book’s sale went directly to Tubman, who used them to supplement her own income.
The African American Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in Auburn, where Harriet later lived, received her land as a gift and transformed it into a home for the elderly and poor colored people.
Harriet was in poor health in her latter years and spent her final years in the Harriet Tubman home for the elderly. Harriet passed away on March 10, 1913, at the age of 93, due to pneumonia. She was laid to rest in Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn, New York. Did you find this example to be useful?
As an escaped enslaved woman, Harriet Tubman worked as a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, guiding enslaved individuals to freedom before the Civil War, all while a bounty was placed on her head. But she was also a nurse, a spy for the Union, and a proponent of women’s rights. Tubman is one of the most well-known figures in American history, and her legacy has inspired countless individuals of all races and ethnicities around the world.
When Was Harriet Tubman Born?
Harriet Tubman was born in 1820 on a plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland, and became well-known as a pioneer. Her parents, Harriet (“Rit”) Green and Benjamin Ross, gave her the name Araminta Ross and referred to her as “Minty” as a nickname. Rit worked as a chef in the plantation’s “large house,” while Benjamin was a wood worker on the plantation’s “little house.” As a tribute to her mother, Araminta changed her given name to Harriet later in life. However, the reality of slavery pulled many of Harriet’s siblings and sisters apart, despite Rit’s attempts to keep the family united.
Harriet was hired as a muskrat trap setter by a planter when she was seven years old, and she was later hired as a field laborer by the same planter.
A Good Deed Gone Bad
Harriet’s yearning for justice first manifested itself when she was 12 years old and witnessed an overseer prepare to hurl a heavy weight at a runaway. Harriet took a step between the enslaved person and the overseer, and the weight of the person smacked her in the head. Afterwards, she described the occurrence as follows: “The weight cracked my head. They had to carry me to the home because I was bleeding and fainting. Because I was without a bed or any place to lie down at all, they threw me on the loom’s seat, where I stayed for the rest of the day and the following day.” As a result of her good act, Harriet has suffered from migraines and narcolepsy for the remainder of her life, forcing her to go into a deep slumber at any time of day.
She was undesirable to potential slave purchasers and renters because of her physical disability.
Escape from Slavery
Harriet’s father was freed in 1840, and Harriet later discovered that Rit’s owner’s final will and testament had freed Rit and her children, including Harriet, from slavery. Despite this, Rit’s new owner refused to accept the will and instead held Rit, Harriett, and the rest of her children in bondage for the remainder of their lives. Harriet married John Tubman, a free Black man, in 1844, and changed her last name from Ross to Tubman in honor of her new husband.
Harriet’s marriage was in shambles, and the idea that two of her brothers—Ben and Henry—were going to be sold prompted her to devise a plan to flee. She was not alone in her desire to leave.
Harriet Tubman: Underground Railroad
On September 17, 1849, Harriet, Ben, and Henry managed to flee their Maryland farm and reach the United States. The brothers, on the other hand, changed their minds and returned. Harriet persisted, and with the assistance of the Underground Railroad, she was able to journey 90 miles north to Pennsylvania and freedom. Tubman got employment as a housekeeper in Philadelphia, but she wasn’t content with simply being free on her own; she desired freedom for her family and friends, as well as for herself.
She attempted to relocate her husband John to the north at one time, but he had remarried and preferred to remain in Maryland with his new wife.
Fugitive Slave Act
The Runaway Slave Act of 1850 authorized the apprehension and enslavement of fugitive and released laborers in the northern United States. Consequently, Harriet’s task as an Underground Railroad guide became much more difficult, and she was obliged to take enslaved people even farther north into Canada by leading them through the night, generally during the spring or fall when the days were shorter. She carried a revolver for her personal security as well as to “encourage” any of her charges who might be having second thoughts about following her orders.
Within 10 years, Harriet became acquainted with other abolitionists like as Frederick Douglass, Thomas Garrett, and Martha Coffin Wright, and she built her own Underground Railroad network of her own.
Despite this, it is thought that Harriet personally guided at least 70 enslaved persons to freedom, including her elderly parents, and that she educated scores of others on how to escape on their own in the years following the Civil War.
The Little-Known Underground Railroad That Ran South to Mexico.
Harriet Tubman’s Civil War Service
The Runaway Slave Act of 1850 authorized fugitive and liberated laborers in the northern United States to be apprehended and enslaved in the southern United States. Consequently, Harriet’s role as an Underground Railroad guide became much more difficult, and she was compelled to take enslaved people even farther north into Canada by leading them through the night, generally during the spring or fall when the days were shorter. In addition to her personal security, she carried a revolver in order to “encourage” any of her charges who might be having second thoughts about joining her.
After that, Harriet became friends with other abolitionists like as Frederick Douglass, Thomas Garrett, and Martha Coffin Wright, and she began to build up her own Underground Railroad network.
Despite this, it is thought that Harriet personally led at least 70 enslaved persons to freedom, including her elderly parents, and that she also trained scores of others on how to escape on their own in the years after her capture.
In her defense, she stated, “I never lost a passenger or ran my train off the track.” More information may be found at: The Little-Known Underground Railroad That Ran South to Mexico.
Harriet Tubman’s Later Years
Following the Civil War, Harriet moved to Auburn, New York, where she lived with her family and friends on land she owned. After her husband John died in 1867, she married Nelson Davis, a former enslaved man and Civil War soldier, in 1869. A few years later, they adopted a tiny girl named Gertie, who became their daughter. Harriet maintained an open-door policy for anyone who was in need of assistance. In order to sustain her philanthropic endeavors, she sold her homegrown fruit, raised pigs, accepted gifts, and borrowed money from family and friends.
- She also collaborated with famed suffrage activist Susan B.
- Harriet Tubman acquired land close to her home in 1896 and built the Harriet Tubman Home for Aged and Indigent Colored People, which opened in 1897.
- However, her health continued to deteriorate, and she was finally compelled to relocate to the rest home that bears her name in 1911.
- Schools and museums carry her name, and her life story has been told in novels, films, and documentaries, among other mediums.
Harriet Tubman: 20 Dollar Bill
Harriet moved to Auburn, New York, with her family and friends after the Civil War. She bought land there. Several years after her marriage to John Davis, she married former enslaved man and Civil War soldier Nelson Davis. They adopted a young daughter called Gertie from the same orphanage. Those in need were welcome to come to Harriet’s house whenever they needed to. In order to sustain her philanthropic endeavors, she sold her homegrown fruit, raised pigs, accepted gifts, and took out loans from her circle of acquaintances.
- In order to alleviate the effects of the head damage she sustained as a young child, she was forced to undergo brain surgery.
- Harriet Tubman died on March 10, 1913, as a result of pneumonia, but her legacy endures.
- Continue reading “After the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman Led a Bold Civil War Raid”
Following the Civil War, Harriet moved to Auburn, New York, where she lived with her family and friends on land she had purchased. After her husband John died in 1867, she married Nelson Davis, a former enslaved man and Civil War soldier, in 1869, and the couple adopted a small daughter named Gertie a few years later. Harriet maintained an open-door policy for anyone who was in need of her assistance. In order to sustain her philanthropic endeavors, she sold her homegrown fruit, raised pigs, accepted contributions, and took out loans from family and friends.
She also collaborated with famed suffrage advocate Susan B.
Harriet Tubman acquired land close to her home in 1896 and built the Harriet Tubman Home for Aged and Indigent Colored People, which opened its doors in 1907.
Her health, however, continued to deteriorate, and she was finally compelled to relocate to the rest home that bears her name in 1911.
Schools and museums carry her name, and her life story has been told in novels, movies, and documentaries, among other mediums. READ MORE: Harriet Tubman Led a Brutal Civil War Raid After the Underground Railroad

domain: library


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Daily Current Affairs for UPSC CSE
- CAG Report
- Registration of Marriage of Non-Resident Indian Bill, 2019
- Rajasthan to Scrap Educational Criterion
- Second Longest Rail Tunnel
1 . CAG Report
Context : Amid new revelations that anti-corruption clauses in the Rafale deal with France were waived by the government, official sources have said the audit report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General (CAG) is likely to be tabled in the Lok Sabha
- In a democracy, those holding power and positions of responsibility must be answerable for their actions.
- For this purpose the Constitution has mandated several institutional mechanisms like the Judiciary, Vigilance bodies and an independent Supreme Audit Institution (SAI).
- The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) and the Indian Audit and Accounts Department (IAAD) functioning under him, constitute the Supreme Audit Institution of India.
- The Constitution of India has mandated CAG as the auditors to the nation. Articles 149-151 of the Constitution prescribe the unique role of the CAG.
Independence of CAG
The Constitution enables the independent and unbiased nature of audit by the CAG by providing for:
- His appointment by the President of India
- Special procedure for removal (like a Supreme Court Judge)
- Salary and expenses Charged (not Voted) to the Consolidated Fund of India
- Disallowing his holding any other Government office after his term expires
As envisaged in Article 149 of the Constitution, the Parliament enacted a detailed legislation called the CAG’s Duties, Powers and Conditions Act in 1971 which describes his mandate and puts almost every spending, revenue collecting or aid/grant receiving unit of the Government (the Centre and the States) under his audit domain. His duties are to audit and report upon:
- All receipts into and spending from the coffers (called the Consolidated Fund) of the Union and State Governments.
- All transactions relating to the Emergency expenses (called Contingency Funds) and relating to the monies of the public held by the Government e.g. Postal savings, Vikas Patras (called Public Accounts) at Central as well as State levels.
- All trading, manufacturing, profit and loss accounts, balance sheets and other subsidiary accounts kept in any Government department.
- All stores and stock accounts of all Government offices and departments.
- Accounts of all Government companies and Corporations e.g. ONGC, SAIL etc.
- Accounts of all autonomous bodies and authorities receiving Government money e.g. municipal bodies, IIM’s, IIT’s, State Health societies.
- Accounts of any body or authority on request of the President/Governor or on his own initiative.
The Act also provides for compilation of accounts of the State Governments from the subsidiary accounts maintained by the State Governments.
In order to carry out his wide audit mandate in an unfettered manner the Act provides for:
- Power to inspect any office or organisation subject to his audit.
- Power to examine all transactions and question the executive.
- Power to call for any records, papers, documents from any audited entity.
- Power to decide the extent and manner of audit.
Who all comes under CAG Audit
The organisations subject to the audit of the CAG are:-
- All the Union and State Government departments including the Indian Railways,Defence and Posts and Telecommunications.
- About 1500 public commercial enterprises controlled by the Union and State governments, i.e. government companies and corporations.
- Around 400 non-commercial autonomous bodies and authorities owned or controlled by the Union or the States.
- Bodies and authorities substantially financed from Union some of the local bodies and Panchayati Raj Institutions which are critical grass root agencies for implementation of developmental programmes and delivery of services.
- The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the president, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament.
- The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of a State shall be submitted to the Governor of the State, who shall cause them to be laid before the Legislature of the State.
Types of Audit performed by CAG
- Compliance Audit – Compliance Audit focuses on whether a particular subject matter is in compliance with the criteria. Compliance auditing is performed by assessing whether activities, financial transactions and information are, in all material aspects, in compliance with the applicable authorities which include the Constitution, Acts, Laws, rules and regulations, budgetary resolutions, policy, contracts, agreements, established codes, sanctions, supply orders, agreed terms or the general principles governing sound public sector financial management and the conduct of public officials.
- Financial Attest Audit – Financial Attest Audit focuses on determining whether an entity’s financial information is presented in accordance with the applicable financial reporting and regulatory framework. This is accomplished by obtaining sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to enable the auditor to express an opinion as to whether the financial information is free from material misstatement due to fraud or error.
- Performance Audit – Apart from these traditional audits, CAG has successfully done a number of audits of Information Technology (IT) Systems and on Environmental issues
2 . Registration of Marriage of Non-Resident Indian Bill, 2019
Context : In a bid to counter growing incidents of exploitation of Indian women by NRI (Non Resident Indian) spouses, External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj on Monday introduced a Bill in the Rajya Sabha.
- The introduction of the Bill was necessitated by the Ministry of External Affairs due to numerous complaints received from Indian nationals, mostly women deserted or harassed by their Non-Resident Indian spouses
About the Bill
- The Bill, which has been championed by the MEA, the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD), Ministry of Home Affairs (MoEA) and Ministry of Law and Justice (MoLJ) is aimed at prevent victimisation of Indian nationals in fraudulent marriages
- According to the new Bill, a marriage between an NRI and an Indian citizen will have to be registered within 30 days from the date of marriage. Necessary legal provisions have been created in the criminal code and the Passports Act, 1967, to initiate action against erring NRI spouses
- If an NRI man fails to register his marriage within 30 days of date of marriage, his passport can be impounded or revoked.
- It allows courts to attach properties, movable and immovable, of “proclaimed offenders” or people who fail to appear before courts despite warrants being issued against them.
- The proposed law will be applicable to NRIs marrying Indian women within or even outside India
3 . Rajasthan to Scrap Educational Criterion
Context : The Rajasthan Assembly on Monday passed two bills which seek to end the minimum education criterion for panchayat and civic polls candidates.
- The previous government had introduced education criterion in 2015 which required a candidate to pass class 10 for contesting zila parishad, panchayat samiti and municipal elections.
- For contesting elections for Sarpanch of a panchayat in scheduled and other than scheduled areas, it was mandatory to pass class 5 and 8, respectively.
- The logic underlying this rule was that a school-educated person makes for a better elected representative
Arguments for Scrapping the Law
- It is based on the assumption that less schooled person is less intelligent and less capable of being a leader and, conversely, that a school-educated person is more capable of discharging the responsibilities of representing the interests of the people. This is not necessarily the case
- Moreover, the education criterion for being a candidate in elections is undemocratic as it excludes people from exercising their right to contest elections
Extra Points for Mains Answers
- In his memorandum to the Simon Commission in 1928, the father of the Indian Constitution B.R. Ambedkar said, “Those who insist on literacy as a test and insist upon making it a condition precedent to enfranchisement, in my opinion, commit two mistakes. Their first mistake consists in their belief that an illiterate person is necessarily an unintelligent person…Their second mistake lies in supposing that literacy necessarily imports a higher level of intelligence or knowledge than what the illiterate possesses
4 . Second Longest Rail Tunnel
Context : A 10.7-km railway line, including a 9.02-km tunnel, has been proposed to connect the upcoming Vizhinjam International Multipurpose Deepwater Seaport to the railway network. The 9.02-km tunnel, mooted by Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd (KRCL) from near the Balaramapuram station on the Kanyakumari-Thiruvananthapuram railway line, will be the second longest railway tunnel of the country on completion.

domain: law


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Thailand: Unexpected increase in manufacturing production in May
June 30, 2017
Manufacturing production unexpectedly swung up in May to 1.4% from the previous month’s revised 1.8% contraction (previously reported: -1.7%) and overshot market expectations of a 0.20% fall. May’s print is the highest reading since January, following a lackluster performance in the first quarter of the year, which initially spilled over into the second quarter last month. May’s print was underpinned by strong performances in the motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, wearing apparel, dressing and dyeing and other transport equipment sub-sectors.
A month-on-month comparison showed that manufacturing output increased a seasonally adjusted 0.3% in May, contrasting April’s 0.9% decrease. Despite the positives in May, the strong showing was not enough to reverse the downward trend: annual average growth in manufacturing production stood at 0.9% in May, down from the previous month’s 1.2%.
Author: Jan Lammersen, Economist

domain: news


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Tom Hayden: It is becoming almost certain that the U.S. succeed in forcing Iraq to “invite” thousands of American troops to stay indefinitely in the latest imperial outpost of the United States in the Arab world
Michele Waslin: States considering anti-immigrant legislation will have to reconsider whether forcing out immigrants is worth potentially losing a Congressional seat, federal funding for schools, roads, and infrastructure, and its reputation.
The KPFK Community Advisory Board will be sponsoring a post-election public forum to assess “The Current Political Balance and Strategies for Progressive Political Action”. Join us for discussion, and some debate, about what progressive forces need to focus on in this period. Tuesday, Dec. 14th 7:00 pm


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The long awaited reissue of Cormac Neeson’s highly acclaimed White Feather album, will be finally released on Friday Nov 6th 2020 as a special 16 track bonus edition deluxe CD and 12″ heavyweight Vinyl format version. The original 2018 White Feather album, a former top 5 chart success in the UK national Country album, was a limited Cd release back in April 2018. Every single copy of the new deluxe and Vinyl versions ordered through Cormac’s webstore will be personally signed by Cormac as a special thank you to fans for their incredible patience and support – Buy here! https://cormac-neeson-uk.myshopify.com/
The White Feather deluxe edition was originally going to be supported by a 14 date UK & Ireland songwriter club tour but sadly this has now been cancelled due to the ongoing uncertainty in the live sector caused by the continuing Covid-19 pandemic.
As a result Cormac will be performing a very special live streaming event on Nov 5th from Hillview Studios Northern Ireland during which he will perform the full White Feather album with his band and special guests. Then on Nov 7th, the 32nd edition of his incredible Facebook “Cocoons” live performance ‘in the round’ event will take place with artists from the Australian Social Family Record label. “Cocoons” is an international songwriter / performance event which Cormac started back in April 2020 and has now grown to over 3,000 members from all over the world, with a weekly selection of 5 artists usually performing two songs each on a Saturday evening ‘in the round’.
The Deluxe Edition of White Feather is 16 tracks including two brand new studio recordings, three bonus tracks and the new radio mix of Do Something Today. Originally released only as a 10 track limited edition, the original album received critical acclaim across the board, one that will sit easily alongside the classic singer-songwriter narrative albums.
Cormac states: “I’m thrilled that White Feather will finally be released as a full 16 track version with Vinyl but I’m just so sorry that I won’t be able to perform to my fans on the planned Nov 2020 tour. It would have been such a joyous and uplifting occasion but for all the reasons we know, it can’t happen at this time. I will sign every single copy which fans purchase and will continue to play online as much as possible as performing is the one thing that keeps us all sane! Thanks so much for all the love and support!”
Pre-order White Feather vinyl here: https://cormac-neeson-uk.myshopify.com/
Pre-order White Feather Deluxe Edition CD here: https://cormac-neeson-uk.myshopify.com/
Pre-order/save White Feather Deluxe Edition digital here: https://smarturl.it/CN-WhiteFeather
UK & IRELAND TOUR DATES
Nov 5th – Live Stream from Hillview Studios, Northern Ireland
Nov 7th – the 32nd Live “Cocoons” stream feat. Social Family Records Artists.
Dec 4th – The Barge, Belfast
Dec 5th – The Barge, Belfast

domain: entertainment


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Warsaw: In Poland, a shuttle bus overturned by Polski Bus, which was moving along the Warsaw-Rzeszów route. In the salon were 85 people. As a result of the accident, 28 passengers were injured, seven of whom were hospitalized in a serious condition.
"In the vicinity of the city of Tarnobrzeg, the bus caught a lantern, flew into a ditch and rolled over," write the Polish media.
Police reported that the accident occurred around 5:30 in the morning. According to law enforcement officers, the bus driver was sober.
In the Department of Consular Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine reported that as a result of the road accident there are no victims among Ukrainians.
On the night of 11 to 12 August in Poland, a severe hurricane, which killed five people.


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Scottish beef burgers readily available but not at all supermarkets
Last week NFU Scotland members and staff took part in a burger shelf watch, identifying the volumes of home-produced beef burgers available on Scottish supermarket shelves.
The secret shoppers counted over 2,500 packs of burgers across some of the largest national grocery chains. Shelf watch results demonstrated that an overwhelming 96 per cent of burgers were home-produced but that less than half of these were explicitly Scottish.
While the shelf watch focused on supermarket own-label packs, those taking part in the shelf watch also told NFU Scotland that some branded products were carrying unclear origin labelling despite the brands claiming association with Scotland.
The shelf watch is part of a six week campaign from the Union which aims to encourage shoppers to look for Scottish beef during their next trip the shops, with the hashtag #BackScotchBeef.
Although this shelf watch only included results from the main supermarkets, shoppers are also encouraged to visit their local butchers, who are often strong supporters of the Scotch Beef PGI.
Commenting on the results NFU Scotland Livestock Committee chairman Jimmy Ireland, a beef farmer from Ayrshire, said “The good news here is that the general public can find Scottish burgers available in most supermarkets in Scotland. However, it’s surprising to see that they were hard to find in two of the nation’s largest retailers, ASDA and Sainsbury’s.
“With farmers struggling to make any return from the market at the moment the message is clear that people should back Scotch Beef as much as possible this barbecue season.
“Aldi and Tesco topped the chart for the availability of Scotch Beef burgers, with 86 per cent of packs in Aldi and 72 per cent of packs in Tesco clearly labelled with the Scotch Beef PGI.
“However, there was some unclear mixed origin labelling found on own-label products in ASDA as well as on branded products not included in the survey. This once again demonstrates the need to increase transparency of origin labelling to ensure shoppers have the information they need to choose Scotch every time.
“NFU Scotland has sent the results of the shelf watch to all the major retailers to make them aware of the results. I would urge those retailers with only limited Scottish product available to increase their offering.”

domain: food


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How to use Tools and the Toolbar in Photoshop Hidden Tools. Wherever you see a little arrow on the bottom right of a tool in the Photoshop toolbar (or any Adobe... Moving The Toolbar. To change the Toolbar from a single column to a two-column panel, click once on the double arrow... Picking Colors. ...Photoshop CC 2020 Toolbar | Photoshop Tool Guide
In the Customize Toolbar dialog box, do one or more the following: Drag and drop tools and/or groups to re-organize the toolbar. Move excess, unused, or low priority tools to Extra Tools. To access extra tools, long press at the bottom of the toolbar. To save the custom toolbar, click Save Preset . ...Photoshop Tools and Toolbar Overview
Photoshop Basics: The Toolbox The tool palette is probably one of the most frequently used parts of Adobe Photoshop. If you want to make the most of Photoshop, you need to understand how to use the tools effectively. You can pickup a tool in the toolbox simply by clicking on it.How to Use the Photoshop Levels Tool (Step by Step Guide!)
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Photoshop is one of the most powerful tools for designers and photo editors. In this article, you will come to know about the common Adobe Photoshop tools and uses.We have explained about Photoshop for editing the images, as it is the most extensively used tool.Photoshop Grid | How To Use Grids and Guides in Photoshop
Photoshop Toolbox Crop Tool. Cropping an image is typically one of the first steps of post-processing. You can bring in the crop rulers by... Spot Healing Tool. There are times where we have dust settled on our camera sensors. If it lands in a spot where there... Clone Stamp Tool. This is an ...Selects the Lasso Tool from the toolbar. Shift + LGuide to the Lasso Tool in Photoshop | Envira Gallery
Adobe Photoshop Brush tool is very powerful and this tutorial explains several useful features in it. To learn all features, you can simply open the Brush palette (Window menu – Brushes), change each setting and try the result when you draw a stroke. 11. Photoshop CS4: DropletsToolbar and Tools: How to Use in Photoshop CC 2019
The Photoshop Clone Stamp tool allows you to copy one area of an image onto another area of an image. Photographers and designers use the Clone Stamp tool to remove unwanted elements from a photograph. For example, it can be used to cover blemishes on people's faces (by copying from another part of skin) or removing trees from a mountain view (by copying parts of the sky over them).How to Place Guides in Exact Position | Photoshop Tutorial
Photoshop Guides. Creative Editing with Topaz Studio Free Photoshop Plugin. ... 10 hidden and obscure Photoshop tools and features you probably didn’t know. Free Ebook: Creative Image Workflow From Start to Finish with ON1 Photo Raw Photoshop Plugin. 10 Photoshop tips and tricks for photographers.Beginners Guide To Cropping & The Crop Tool In Photoshop ...
For more Adobe Photoshop training options, visit AGI’s Photoshop Classes. Photoshop Tutorial: Discovering the Tools panel in Photoshop CS6 When you start Photoshop, the Tools panel appears docked on the left side of the screen—by default it is not a floating Tools panel, as it was in earlier versions of Photoshop.Top 10 Photoshop Tools You Need to Master Photoshop ...
This feature works the same in all recent versions of Adobe Photoshop: CS5, CS6, and Creative Cloud (CC). Go to the Toolbar, click and hold on the Crop Tool, and choose the Slice Tool. In the Options Bar, click the Slices from Guides button. In the Layers Panel, turn off the visibility of any layers that need to be excluded.How to Create Guides in Photoshop CS6 - dummies
Basics of Photoshop: Hi. In this tutorial I will be showing you the basics of Photoshop. This tutorial is for people who are new to Photoshop and want to know the basics of it. I will be going over: Creating a New Project Basic Tools Layer, Groups and Gu...Guide to the Brush Tool in Photoshop | Envira Gallery
Photoshop Guides. Creative Editing with Topaz Studio Free Photoshop Plugin ... 10 hidden and obscure Photoshop tools and features you probably didn’t know. Free Ebook: Creative Image Workflow From Start to Finish with ON1 Photo Raw Photoshop Plugin. ... Subscribe to Photoshop Roadmap and receive a FREE photo effects plugin as a welcome gift.Adobe Photoshop Tools | 17 Different Types of Adobe ...
The pen tool in Photoshop is best used to create very precise selections. In the most basic sense, I will use it to cut out a subject from the background. I will often opt for the pen tool when there is a complicated background that my subject is against.Learn all things Photoshop with The Beginner's Guide to ...
Photoshop is the best editing tool and one of the most preferred creative weapons of designers. The brush tool in Photoshop helps to create designs and is useful for the digital artist too. The brush tool in Photoshop is easy to use and suitable for the digital artist. With brush tools, you are able to get smooth effects.Photoshop Liquify Tool Guide: How To Use the Liquify Tool
Tools Panel in Adobe Photoshop. We're back with another episode of Photoshop CC, the complete guide. The first week, we started out with some real essentials in what we were doing with Photoshop. That included things like layer masks, layers themselves, selections, all that kind of stuff, trying to get you started.How to Crop Photos in Photoshop CC - Complete Guide
What is the ellipse tool? Photoshop offers a number of Shape tools for drawing and designing various geometric shapes. One of these is the Ellipse tool, which can be used to make not just ellipses but also circles. Draw an Ellipse or Make It a Circle. An ellipse, sometimes better known as an oval, is a curved shape.12 Beginner Tutorials for Getting Started With Photoshop
The Photoshop CS6 Hand tool helps you to move around in an image document quickly and works similarly to a scroll bar, enabling you to do your work more quickly. The Hand tool is more of a function than an actual tool because you rarely need to click the Hand tool to use it. Simply […]Blur Tool in Photoshop | Guide to How to Use Blur Tool In ...
Photoshop CC 2019’s biggest and best feature is perhaps the New Content-Aware Fill. This version of Content-Aware Fill gives you complete control over what pixels Photoshop samples from, how it applies the fill algorithm, and how it outputs the fill. Check out this video for a complete guide on Photoshop CC 2019’s Content-Aware Workspace.Beginners Guide to Adobe Photoshop – Gareth David Tutorials
Photoshop is an incredibly powerful but also intimidating application. If you've wanted to start using Photoshop but didn't know where to start, we'll be teaching you the basics all week long.Photoshop Basics : Toolbar Photoshop CC tutorial ; Tools tutorial photoshop cc ; Techdroid4U
Gradient Fills. Enable the Gradient Tool in Photoshop by hitting G or by selecting the rectangular gradient icon located on the left hand toolbar in the program. Once the Gradient Tool (G) is activated, select the gradient of your choice in the top toolbar: linear, radial, angle, reflected, and diamond.The 10 Best Photoshop Plugins for 2020 | CloudApp
Online photoshop alternative multilanguage support for mobile. New free photoshop online with multilanguage support with photo effects - use without registering! This photo editor repeats photoshop cs6 - it's easy to do editing (face replacement in photos, hair adjustment).An astrophotography guide to Photoshop Levels and Curves ...
5. Retouch and Healing Tools. Photoshop has a host of tools and options for retouching and correcting images. This tutorial goes over the tools at your disposal and what situations each tool excels in. 6. Photoshop’s Pen Tool: The Comprehensive Guide. Photoshop’s Pen tool gives you the ability to draw objects in a vector-like fashion.
Photoshop Guide Tool
The most popular ebook you must read is Photoshop Guide Tool. I am sure you will love the Photoshop Guide Tool. You can download it to your laptop through easy steps.

domain: design


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New dolphin super power discovered
Already equipped with an impressive sonar system, new research reveals that dolphins have an extra ability that evolves as they mature in the space where their baby whiskers once were. The super sense may help them navigate and find hidden food sources.
Dolphins' sonar ability, known as echolocation, is fairly legendary in the animal kingdom. This ability is so accurate that the mammals, which are technically whales, can use it to distinguish between a golf ball and a ping-pong ball underwater based on the densities of the two objects. But that's not where the creatures' impressive abilities end.
They also have eyes that allow them to see in two directions at once; skin that secretes an antibacterial gel to ward off parasites and barnacles; they can get enough thrust to reach 30 mph; and they turn off half their brains at a time in order to get rest. A 2019 study also revealed that they have super immune systems that grant them protection from antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Now, a new study out of the University of Rostock (UR) in Germany adds another impressive skill to the dolphin's roster of powers: the ability to sense weak electric fields.
Two UR researchers took a closer look at the small pits that are left behind after young bottlenose dolphins shed the thin whiskers they are born with. They realized that the pits looked like the same structures that allow sharks to detect electrical fields and designed a study to see if they functioned the same way for the dolphins.
They first trained two dolphins at the Nuremberg Zoo to rest their jaws on a metal bar submerged in a pool. Then, they trained them to swim away whenever they sensed an electrical current being produced just above their snouts. One dolphin was able to sense signals down to those measuring just 5.5 microvolts/cm, while the other was even more sensitive, picking on a current measuring 2.4 microvolts/cm. One microvolt is equal to one millionth of a volt.
The dolphins also showed a high degree of responsiveness when the researchers pulsed the electrical current rather than keeping it steady. This, they say, more accurately resembles the kind of weak and inconstant electrical field that would be emitted by the fish the dolphins prey upon.
"The sensitivity to weak electric fields helps a dolphin search for fish hidden in sediment over the last few centimeters before snapping them up," said study co-author Guido Dehnhardt. That's quite a bit different than the use of the sense in sharks, which can use it to detect the electrical fields of fish up to 70 cm (2.3 ft) away.
The researchers also believe that the ability, known as electroreception, could help dolphins navigate using the earth's magnetic field and that it may explain occasional beach stranding of the animals due to fluctuations in this field.
Their research has been published in the Journal of Experimental Biology.


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The mindset of "the children are our future" has permeated our culture for decades, with countless pieces of media being built around idealizing the youth of a particular era. The past few years have arguably shown — with countless young people championing causes they believe in and making real social change — that a lot of times, the youth are often left to make their own future, even if it means breaking some age-old societal norms along the way. That thinking permeates a lot of the experience of watching the first season of Panic, a live-action series that makes its debut on Amazon Prime this weekend. Despite its source material — a 2014 young-adult novel by Before I Fall author Lauren Oliver — being close to a decade old, Panic feels incredibly prescient for our current moment, while still delivering a genre-bending, heart-racing, and unbelievably earnest story.
Set in the small town of Carp, Texas, Panic surrounds a series of challenges that the town's graduating seniors have competed in for years, in hopes of earning enough money to escape their current circumstances. After last year's games ended in a mysterious tragedy, the stakes are upped significantly, as is the pot of money that can be won. The series follows the various seniors as they compete, whether for an opportunity to escape, or an opportunity for revenge. These include best friends Heather Nill (Olivia Welch) and Natalie Williams (Jessica Sula), both of whom dream of leaving Carp and pursuing their passions, Dodge Mason (Mike Faist), a new kid in town with a mysterious secret, and Ray Hall (Ray Nicholson), a town troublemaker who is much more than meets the eye.
While that concept could hypothetically lend itself to a more high-fantasy set-up, the world of Panic feels refreshingly rooted in reality without ever skimping on the narrative spectacle. A lot of that might be thanks to Oliver's own involvement in the series, as she also serves as showrunner, executive producer, and writer of all the episodes. It's a behind-the-scenes decision that pays off in countless ways on-screen, with an authentic approach to every scene that will keep viewers invested in the series. The dialogue flows with the snappy energy of a YA novel without ever veering towards being cheesy, and as a result, almost every long-kept secret or bit of character development ends up being captivating. At a certain point, the looming threat of the remaining "Panic" challenges fades into the background of the series — and when the threat does return, it drops some major bombshells that will leave viewers wanting to know what comes next.
When it comes to the Panic challenges themselves, the series delivers, walking a proverbial (and sometimes, literal) tightrope between reality and absurdity. While it feels wrong to classify the series in the world of horror, there are some genuinely harrowing moments, with massive set pieces or episode concepts that are perilous in effective ways. As the series goes along, there are threats that almost unfold like a conspiracy thriller, with lingering questions that could easily fuel multiple additional seasons if the series gets renewed. But at the heart of it, as each Panic participant literally plunges off of a cliff or faces their biggest fear, the idea of what the challenges represent — the risky and terrifying parts of growing up, especially in a system that isn't built to support its young people — only grows more apparent.
While that mindset has certainly been explored a lot in YA-themed television lately, ranging from The Society to Riverdale, it's taken to some profound heights in Panic, in part thanks to its ensemble cast of actors. This is especially the case with the series' teenage characters, who truly become the beating heart of the series a few episodes in, to the point where any sequences between adults — no matter how relevant they are to the plot — almost fade into the background. Welch and Sula deliver star-making turns in the series, making Heather and Natalie electrifying to watch, whether in scenes by themselves, together, or with any other combination of players in the series. Faist and Nicholson's performances also stand out — particularly Nicholson, who brings a complicated sense of heart to Ray that completely changes his character from the book (arguably, for the better). Camron Jones also shines as Heather and Natalie's friend Bishop Moore, and Bonnie Bedelia is a scene-stealer as Anne McCarthy, an eclectic woman in town who becomes a major ally of Heather's. The supporting cast is also dotted with surprising performances as well, including Jordan Elsass as Tyler Young, a character who could not be more different from his current stint as Jon Kent on Superman & Lois.
Season 1 of Panic feels like drinking a limeade on a cold day — it's sweet, but surprisingly complex, and largely goes down easily. In a way, the series captures the experience of reading the kind of YA novels its story originated from, the kind that aren't filled with fantastical lore or magical hooks, but showcase a world that you can't help but want to get lost in. Between the stellar performances from its ensemble of young stars, a story with enough twists and turns to overlook its occasional unremarkable sequences, and an aesthetic that feels like a Tumblr photoset brought to life, Panic has the potential to be 2021's next YA hit.
Rating: 4 out of 5
Season 1 of Panic is now available to stream on Amazon Prime.


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After a poor start off Bodega Bay, commercial fishermen are hauling in good catches of Dungeness crab off Eureka and Crescent City.
The northern fishing grounds opened this week, and the first shipment arrived Tuesday night for North Coast Fisheries in Santa Rosa. On Wednesday morning a truck brought the fish processor its second shipment of 30,000 crabs from Crescent City.
Michael Lucas, an owner at North Coast Fisheries, said the result will be lower prices for consumers. Some supermarkets are advertising crab for $3.99 a pound, $2 to $3 less than when the season began two weeks ago off Bodega Bay and San Francisco.
Lucas and Santa Rosa Seafood Owner Mike Svedise said they have heard reports of large catches to the north, much better than the first landings off Sonoma County. Svedise, who sells at weekly farmer's markets at the Santa Rosa vets building, said he will be selling crab for no more than $3.49 a pound.

domain: economics


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Panthers star running back Christian McCaffrey is heading back to injured reserve, the team announced Monday. He’ll miss the remainder of the year.
PITTSBURGH (AP) — The Pittsburgh Steelers have placed star outside linebacker T.J. Watt on the COVID-19 list.
Dallas Cowboys coach Mike McCarthy checked into the team hotel the day after the Thanksgiving game as a precaution with COVID-19 infections spreading on his staff.
In Zach Wilson’s return off a knee injury, the No. 2 overall pick struggled. Wilson threw for under 150 yards with a rushing touchdown and an interception.
Follow live scores and updates from the NFL.
After missing the last four games, Zach Wilson will be back under center for the Jets against the Texans.
The big news in Cleveland on Sunday was that Baker Mayfield failed to meet his mandatory media obligations after the Browns' dreary 13-10 win against the Detroit Lions.
According to popular lore, when the American humorist Mark Twain was asked about rumors that he was gravely ill, he replied, “The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated.”
Jason Garrett is out.
The massive canopy rises from the Los Angeles landscape, providing cover for the spectacular stadium beneath it.
Tough season so far, but a few seeds of hope sown last week.
Bucs receiver Antonio Brown obtained a fake COVID-19 vaccination card so he could avoid NFL protocols, according to his former live-in chef.
It was another blowout-filled weekend in the NFL, only this time several of teams on the losing end came from teams near the top of the standings.
Chargers offensive coordinator Joe Lombardi learned early on in his time working with first-year head coach Brandon Staley to be ready with a fourth-down call in nearly any situation.
Say this for the Carolina Panthers: They don’t stay dull for long.
Adam Schefter exists as a stooge for NFL power brokers. That’s less of a criticism than it is a straightforward description of what it means to be ESPN’s top voice of a sport.
When Mike White walks into the Jets locker room he still hears his teammates chanting his name.
Three of the most famous initials in sports has joined the Rams, with one slight adjustment required to fit the situation.
The Green Bay Packers were fined $300,000 and quarterback Aaron Rodgers and receiver Allen Lazard were fined $14,650 by the NFL for violating …
It’s ironic that Aaron Rodgers used racial dog whistles to attack what he called the “woke mob” after America learned that Rodgers lied about his vaccination status, because at the height of racial protests in the summer of 2020, Rodgers masqueraded as one of the woke.


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The Escapists tells the tale of three aspiring comics creators with big dreams, small cash, and publishing rights to one forgotten Golden Age hero—The Escapist!Inspired by Michael Chabon's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, this is Vaughan's love letter to his chosen medium, a story about what it takes to start out with nothing in Cleveland, Ohio, and end up ...
Paperback: 176 pages
Publisher: Dark Horse Books; First Edition edition (November 17, 2009)
Product Dimensions: 6.1 x 0.4 x 9 inches
Amazon Rank: 1744280
Format: PDF ePub djvu book
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Frank Vassallo says he wants Kemptville residents to be aware of the challenges nurses and workers at the Kemptville District Hospital (KDH) are dealing with.
Vassallo, the hospital’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO), spoke with MyKemptvilleNow.com late last week about its recent struggles with staffing and patient volume in the Emergency Department.
“I think an awareness of the challenge that we’re facing, and having patience and understanding of the pressure that we’re all under, I think that’s helpful,” he says.
Currently, people with non-urgent ailments are being encouraged to avoid using the hospital’s Emergency Department because of the staffing shortage.
“We don’t take these decisions lightly,” Vassallo says. “This pains us deeply, when we reduce services. We all entered this profession to make a difference, to offer much-needed services to our community that we’re privileged to serve. So, when we’re faced with reducing those services, believe me, it’s not taken lightly, and it’s met with a lot of concern.
If you’re dealing with a non-urgent ailment, Vassallo is encouraging you to book an appointment with your family doctor.
If you don’t have one, he also recommends using Health Connect Ontario, a provincial service that connects people with registered nurses for medical advice for free over the phone and online.
You can read more about the service here.


The above section briefed how the content system works in Zappter and suggested use cases of single and multiple contents in your app. In both cases, it discusses selling under one brand. So what about selling under different brands? One option is to create an app for each brand regardless there is a single owner. Financially, it is costly and labor-intensive in terms of maintenance, managing, and reporting.
However, when you install the 'Stores' plugin, you can create multiple stores, each one for a brand. And each store acts like a single app created solely for the brand.