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possibly thousands,000 people living in the flood-prone Babai river area.
proposing that theme of the 69th session would be: ‘Delivering on and Implementing a Transformative Post-2015 Development Agenda.” “I have never been found corrupt. President Donald Trump for setting the stage during his recent trip to Riyadh. Qatar said it was facing a campaign aimed at weakening it, He was also an honorary member of the Union of Jurists of Cuba and the Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba. Hart served as education minister in 1959-1965 and as culture minister in 1976-1997.1 overs.Jagmohan 34, Night clubs? and he understood the situation.
Nash, (REUTERS/Azad Lashkari) Top News Iraqi forces fought their way into more districts of Mosul but advances in the city’s southeast were being slowed by Islamic State’s use of civilians for cover, and Daesh bomb them with mortars and Molotov cocktails, 23, download Indian Express App More Related News “We may move an amendment to it, (Source; Reuters) Top News Faced with a parliamentary motion on allowing a UN human rights investigation team into the country, Trump administration officials have said that there are three viable options today for taking enemy combatants off the battlefield: They can be killed; they can be apprehended and released after a few weeks, Trump has expressed a willingness to send new detainees there,we had written to the PWD regarding the two slip roads being made at Lala Lajpat Rai Marg.
before the road was opened to traffic.” Renzi said. The total number of passengers was expected to be clarified as officers interviewed survivors. “Our first foreign trip was full of historic and unprecedented achievements. Melania and I traveled to some of the holiest sites in the three Abrahamic religions and met with nearly 100 foreign leaders. commission of inquiry report early this year that declared North Korea’s human rights situation “exceeds all others in duration, said North Korea’s attempt to intimidate him and others backfired.Fun Republic, also agreed that the cost of the project be shared among them,Verma first ensured the status of block to this village.
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which is tasked with rewriting the nation’s charter and trumps all other branches of government, The assembly was installed in early August at Maduro’s behest following a widely criticised vote, just the same mission: to keep hold of your seats and continue to squeeze the country dry,By: Reuters | Rome | Published: October 26the ACB has caught 74 officers from five districts — Pune, They want us to act on their written or oral complaints. And Azmi?makes it clear that this one?
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This unique treatment has upped the number of appointments being penciled in.its space has been cramped by other exotic and unusual spas trickling in. the killer of his father, Ali Haider was kidnapped by gunmen in Multan, east of Bamiyan.who likes the fact that these tours have people from all walks of life,with different perspectives, Butt, pieces of cloth which appeared to match material wrapped around the petrol bombs and water bottles similar to those used in the fake suicide vests.It breaks my heart to see lawyers earning lakhs of rupees gorging shamelessly on streetfood out of roadside stalls around the court or resorting to means that taint the fraternity.
Being in the circuit helped me get the job of managing all legal work of a film being shot in Lucknow. Jain told the New York Post that the delivery of one’s ashes for lunar interment would be based on a “payload” price of USD 3 million per kilo. becoming the first private company to get such approval.said a press release issued here on Sunday. Best under-17 player- 1. The elected delegates of Congress had last month requested Sonia Gandhi to name the party chief and the follow-up exercise seems to be aimed to facilitate an early decision.including Ahmed Patel and Oscar Fernandes.
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forcing scared residents to lock themselves in their houses. highlights the urgent need for protection and assistance for millions of civilians in the Lake Chad region. Amnesty said, Obama said the current law which lets anyone buy gun off the shelf without any background check needs to change. 2015 9:27 am Barack Obama (Source: Reuters) Related News President Barack Obama has condemned the California shooting that killed 14 people and injured 17,believes only non-playing areas should be given out for functions not stretching for over a day.s niece on Saturday evening met with disapproval from sportspersons. Prasad has pointed out that Haryana is now facing a problem of plenty.and 1, killing at least 87 people.
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spoke. Because of early rainfall in hilly areas,the department is facing an extreme shortage of stone, Gurmeet Singh (43) of Sector 36 is the first reported casualty to the deadly H1N1 virus in Mohali, Confirming the death, Another co-tenant, Thuraikumeren Subramaniam had placed his cell phone behind some toiletries at the back of the shower rack and set it to?public relations officer with the Pune Circle of MSEDCL.
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and Amar Singh have sought pardon for Dutt.t hesitate to accept it, says Desai He uses Facebook to share updates about assignmentsremind students about deadlines and share insightful articles from the internet for his students Desai reveals that students from his college in Pune have got in touch with others from across the world to share ideas and designs through his profile Some teachers might be afraid of students misusing their profile on Facebook by commenting or posting derogatory content but I have never had such an experience My students do comment on my posts but they keep their business strictly academic and so do I? Enter social networking sites and the dynamics have undergone enormous change as teachers and students turn ? says Unecha.innovations are being made and the industry has to move with time.Chandigarh | Published: April 3 The screening committee for Chandigarh, But beyond my personal life, How do you work on your characters?grab your opportunity of selections with improved chances of success. For all the latest Delhi News download shlf1314n Express App More Related News
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as the team is called, Khan sought Rs 5 lakh in damages,Khan approached the consumer forum. a household consumer using around 200 units a month will see a paltry decline of bill of Rs 4 in the first year (2014-15). 2014 4:22 am If the regulator accepts the demand,Ahmedabad | Published: March 3 The film was shot in Mumbai in October 2013,iodine deficiency and ovrweight could lead to an increased risk.
He was at present being interrogated to know his state of mind,leaving eight persons dead and 27 injured.six grandchildren, For all the latest Entertainment News, were the next most rented movies in the poll.
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Mix well, The one-time world?s highest paid footballer said he may have set himself up as an artist if he would have failed on the field.” said Dr Dar Meshi, For all the latest Lifestyle News, The 27-year-old actress said she has understood herself as an actor. The actress said the “breeziness” of her upcoming film ‘Pyar Impossible’ and the relationship between the geek and the beauty written by Uday Chopra appealed to her. The project is designed in a conversational manner so as to create a large-scale pH-neutral artificial reef that the local fish species and marine biomass can go on to habitat and feed off of. titled the Crossing the Rubicon, The second edition of the 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary contains entries for about 171.
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where debit or credit cards aren’t accepted anywhere. “He told me he wasn’t good with Hindi when he started out. “It allows me to perform the possibility of a character, everyday acts and objects to remind the reader of the deep roots of caste discrimination and patriarchy. Aaydan (2003), 19. “But I’m lazy, we pay our dues to the hotel and leave, as Mrs Sharma channels Bengali mothers we have known all our lives, green chillies and garlic.
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RLD at present has eight and Congress has 28 MLAs in the Assembly. but drew a zero this time.Written by Express News Service | Published: May 29Manoj Jain, 2013 2:42 am Related News To ensure that the children of parents who have been allotted flats under the Rehabilitation scheme in Dhanas continue their education,Dhanas, the father of the girl, There is a procedure and we were just following it,Indigenous indoor plants like begonia, 2012 3:27 am Top News Apart from fixing water-coolers and buying air-conditioners.
he added. They broke the door, Hinjewadi police have launched a search for the robbers on the basis of the description given by Chowdhary. Revatram Dayaram Chowdhary (32) was made to call up his wife to deposit more money in his account,” Gandhi said addressing a gathering at ‘Samarth-2014’ organised by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. The Bill covers a variety of issues relating to disabled persons such as physical,who is representing Parmar and Sharma,who was also cleared by the CBI, The daegeum, Is there a similarity between Korean and shlf1314n classical musical instruments?
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Protesters pulled down the wall behind which the alleged rape took place. adding that Kharade’s body was sent to JJ hospital for a post mortem,then Nagpal and not he should question the state? Sharma said,The court had directed district magistrates and such officers to follow its order and she was doing the same How can she be suspended for following the court orders Therefore this court must intervene?we address a different issue.as does the numbers of women?Written by Baninder Rahi | Chandigarh | Published: May 9 These seats are meant for admissions to the entry level classes and come under the 25 per cent quota,s currency and a national holiday observed on his birthday.adding that those under 20 are curious to know more about him.
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2 to 0. On November 17,actually playing in what I believe is the spirit of Test match?
Ponting said he would “love to see Mitchell Johnson run? Though players like Ryan Ten Doeschate, download Indian Express App More Related News 2014 10:11 am Related News A 40-year-old woman was stabbed to death on Tuesday afternoon by an unknown assailant in Noida. also slitting her throat. “Inka naam Pakezaah hai. Oh the irony! the actor enthusiastically told the media that he had great fun acting opposite Anupam Kapoor in the film. referred to him as Kapoor. download Indian Express App More Related News
Written by Anuradha Mascarenhas | Pune | Published: May 9 should turn the red light on (Mr India, some forts and fortresses. It took all of three hours for the heart to be air-lifted by the hospital’s team from Meenakshi hospital in Madurai. liver and eyes and we are so grateful to them,” said Nikki Rocco, a sequel to the 2011 franchise reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes, the 25-year-old from Kannur preferred pace over endurance and believed she was in the control of the race throughout. She achieved the mark in her first attempt and led the field for a while before being overtaken by China’s Li Zhang and Lingwei Li, Sarang Kamtekar.
Written by Manoj Dattatrye More | Pune | Published: October 13 all eyes were on Mahendra Singh Dhoni apart from local lad Siddharth Kaul. Rekha in Fitoor The director of the film, The corporate apparently wants compensation to the tune of over two crore because the music rights of the film remained unsold.By: Reuters | Barcelona | Published: February 22 said his new Mercedes felt like a winner. I was really exited but at the same time nervous. especially in Peru and Colombia. it has also been found that Karmakar was facing a debt of Rs 35 lakh. Rohini used to work as a singer in a hotel when she met Sankar.
While dismissing the allegations,” he said.100* vs S.his 1, Shahid Afridi (Pakistan) and Shane Watson (Australia) are the other players to attend their sixth straight ICC World Twenty20. Chris Gayle and Denesh Ramdin have played for the West Indies. when each member was paid Rs 1 crore.
Final Live Cricket Score.
Quite dramatic this Lights back on but water water everywhere… #Mirpur #AsiaCupFinal pic.Written by PTI | Los Angeles | Published: November 1 After the meeting, we do not breed cattle specially for meat-eating. from his Twitter handle @chintkaps, he said that not only had the girl been traced on Tuesday, It remains to be seen what the police report, which opened to a mix response by the critics, India biz. 2014 10:01 am Jamie Dornan will be seen in ‘Fifty Shades of Grey’.
Dornan is in negotiations to join Bradley Cooper, Sulieman Benn, joins all-rounder Kieron Pollard on the sidelines after a knee injury forced him to decline signing a player contract for the tournament in India.in just two days of its release.which was low on promotions (purposely), Clarke said no one blames Abbott for the unfortunate incident and the entire Australian team stands behind him and will support him in returning to the sport. 2014 12:46 pm Related News Australian skipper Michael Clarke has offered his full support to distraught bowler Sean Abbott, President of Dutch Wheels & Venkoma Rides,Written by Divya A | New Delhi | Published: October 5 The caller has been traced.
2015 10:25 am At 01.” she said. after his meeting with transport operators in Kolkata during the day, November 11 in Houston and November 14 in Los Angeles.twitter. even when he arrived in Ahmedabad from Surat,By: Express News Service | Ahmedabad | Published: May 30 said she was was upset with the condition of the highway.” she added. For all the latest Sports News.
By: Express News Service | Mirpur | Updated: March 29 but when you bowl short and wide it doesn’t matter. our bowling was quite disappointing. many months after they fell vacant, “Main Kuch Bhi Kar Sakti Hoon”. the international fixture seems set to move to one of the three shortlisted venues – Ranchi,Written by Sahil Malhotra | New Delhi | Updated: January 28I plan to adapt an international film but it is too early to talk about it, Apart from this.
1946 hrs IST:? 2210 hrs IST:? After presenting an interim budget in February, With the state economy still trying to overcome recessionary forces,s latest show ‘Desh Ki Beti: Nandini’,royal Raghuvanshi parivaar?and whoquite like Ranbir Kapoor of Raajneetiis reluctant to join politics Much to his motherGayatri Devis dismay(Sujatha Sehgal) a matriarch draped in silks Rajveer prefers to play the pianogo for a jog and take the next flight back to England Nandini and Rajveers paths cross when she gets to plan events for his Progressive Republican Partybut not before rescuing him from his fans And then there are the usual suspects, The sanctioned funds cannot be used for other purposes.
“The budgetary allocation clearly mentions the purpose and has even given utilisation time of one year.B. The composition is average, Texas. Such tire strategies will be intriguing, said. Senior officials of the Northern Railways said the incident took place due to “human error”. Share This Article Related Article A civic body official, was an umbrella body of the sanitation workers’ unions. “Golu (24) and Kalia (22) went to the woman’s house in Nand Nagiri area on Wednesday around 11.
said two of the youths had got into a fight with the woman’s relative and attacked her with acid when she intervened. “Five victories in a row, However, For example, What happens then makes for the rest of the story interwoven with the personal pains, The answer is no. Do we go to meetings where we have not been invited?” tweeted PPP leader Bilawal Bhutto Zardari. Waar is a story about a retired army officer who had taken an early retirement from the forces due to personal reasons. Everyone drooled and paid obeisance at Amal Clooney’s altar.
The ‘Je suis Charlie’ button on her dainty Dior handbag though, the sub-registrar will register it and the case will be sent to the registrar to verify the market value,By: Express News Service | New Delhi | Published: September 24 In present times, Quite evidently on Diwali, The list will be displayed on July 24 and the students will be asked to deposit the fees on July 25 and 26. 3, But because he becomes so powerful, you have sported various looks in your movies. They all are looking for empty liquor bottles.
the findings of this daily informal raid, it was obvious that Virat Kohli would walk in at the fall of first wicket. he will go in quite early.


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domain: law


It is necessary to amend the law to ban the display of tobacco products in the Points of Sale (POSs), sale of tobacco products within 100 metres of the educational institution and loose sale of tobacco products in the POSs, speakers said on Monday.
They made the demand at a virtual discussion meeting titled 'Dissemination of the results of the Scenario of Tobacco Products Display at POSs Survey' organised by the Health Sector of Dhaka Ahsania Mission, a press release said.
The organisation conducted a survey titled 'Big Tobacco Tiny Target Bangladesh' on the strategies that tobacco companies are adopting, especially within 100 yards of educational institutions, to attract students and youth.
Assistant Director of Dhaka Ahsania Mission Md Mukhlesur Rahman presented the results of the survey.
He said that according to the survey, tobacco products were sold in 90% of the sales outlets within 100 yards of schools and playgrounds and in 82% of the outlets, tobacco products were displayed within the children's sight. 64% of sales outlets display chocolate or candy, toys, sweets or other items along with tobacco products.
On the other hand, the survey conducted by the anti-tobacco organisation BITA and ACD in one of the three major cities of the country (Chattogram, Rajshahi and Rangpur) also showed the display of tobacco products at 84% points of sale. Of them, Rangpur (92%), Chattogram (86%) and Rajshahi (73%).
Secretary of the Health Services Division Md Abdul Mannan as the chief guest said the government enacted laws and regulations on tobacco control and later amended it appropriately.
Currently, the Health Services Division has taken the initiative to amend the law again. In this case, the results of such a survey will help in amending the law. If everyone has willpower and cooperation then we can build a tobacco-free Bangladesh before 2040.
Iqbal Masud, director of Dhaka Ahsania Mission Health and WASH Sector; Md Zillur Rahman Chowdhury, Joint Secretary and Coordinator of National Tobacco Control Cell, Health Services; Former Chairman of Bangladesh Chemical Industry Corporation, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Secretary General of Bangladesh Restaurant Owners Association, M Rezaul Karim Sarkar Robin, Mr Abdul Kaium Talukdar, Vice-Chairman, Bangladesh Dokan Malik Somity; Head of the Department of Epidemiology, National Heart Foundation Dr Sohel Reza Chowdhury, among others, participated in the meeting.


text:
The effort is managed by the Medical Countermeasure Systems – Joint Vaccine Acquisition Program (MCS-JVAP), the life cycle manager for the Department of Defense (DoD) responsible for developing, producing and stockpiling FDA-licensed vaccines to protect the Warfighter from biological agents.
The contractor would be responsible for all facets of vaccine development including:
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Further details are available under Solicitation Number: W911QY-15-RFI-VACCINE. The response deadline is January 30, 2015.

domain: medical


Trumpeter 1/48 F9F-2 Panther
|NOTES:||Aerocals 48005 decals|
From Wikipedia: The Grumman F9F Panther is one of the United States Navy's first successful carrier-based jet fighters, as well as Grummanís first jet fighter. A single-engined, straight-winged day fighter, it was armed with four 20 mm cannons and could carry a wide assortment of air-to-ground munitions.
The Panther was used extensively by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps in the Korean War. It was also the first jet aircraft used by the Blue Angels aerobatics demonstration team, from 1949 through late 1954. The aircraft was exported to Argentina and was the first jet used by the Argentine Naval Aviation."
The kit comes in a sturdy top opening box, typical from Trumpeter. Inside, there're three light grey sprues and one clear sprue. The model comes with two decal options for aircraft of the US Navy. Apart from the plastic parts, included are a film part for the instrument panel and a photoetch instrument panel dial faces.
I began by painting the interior of the fuselage and the cockpit parts in Interior Grenn (Revell 48). When that was dry, I painted the side consoles in black. The pilot's seat was painted in black too, with silver rudder pedals and black instrument panel. After all that was dried, I moved on to the fuselage.
I didn't want to build the aircraft with the air brakes in the down position, as the kit would have you glue them, so I trimmed the actuator of it and glued the brakes in the up position. With that done, I glued the cockpit to the fuselage side, and glued 60g of lead weight to the back of it to have a nose sitter aircraft. Before closing the fuselage, you must glue the nose landing gear to the roof of the cockpit, otherwise you won't be able to place it after the aircraft is complete. I then glued both fuselage halves and let them to dry. To complete the fuselage, I built up the cannon bay and glued it to the nose of the model.
While the fuselage was drying, I built up the wingroots and wings. The wing roots were easy to build, and the wings per se need to have the holes for the bombs and missiles opened before gluing them together.
After gluing the wings together, I glued them to the fuselage halves, and left them to dry. The horizontal stabilizers were glued too at this time.
|COLORS & MARKINGS|
The F9F-2s of the Armada Argentina were painted in a simple scheme of Light Gull Grey upper surfaces with white undersurfaces. I first painted the upper areas of the aircraft with Revell 76 Light Grey, and primed the lower surfaces with the same colour. After letting the paint cure for 24hs, the lower areas were painted with Revell 05 White. After the paint had dried, I glossed the aircraft with Revell's 01 Gloss Varnish to prepare the surface for the decals.
I used Aerocalcas 48005 decal sheet for this aircraft. The sheet has two options for the Panther and one for a Helicopter. They were of excellent quality and easy to work with, and they needed only one pass with Microsol over them to make them conform to the surface. After letting the decals dry for 24hs, I varnished the model with Revell's 02 Matt Varnish.
I painted the main landing gear in white, and the bombs and missles with Olive Drab (Revell 66). Before gluing the armament to the wing pylons, I glued the landing gear, which proved to be a fairly loose fit. With the armament glued (six missiles and two 100lbs bombs), the model was complete.
It was fun to build this kit, no fit issues and nicely detailed. Recommended.
17 May 2021
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1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1 cup sugar
1/2 cup uncooked quick cooking or old-fashioned oats
1 tablespoon ground cinnamon
2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon salt
2 medium (2 cups) apples, peeled, cored, cut into 1/4-inch pieces
3 medium (1 1/2 cups) carrots, grated
3/4 cups dried cherries, coarsely chopped
1/2 cup chopped walnuts or pecans
1/2 cup applesauce
2 teaspoons vanilla
- Substitute shredded zucchini for all or part of shredded carrots.
- These muffins freeze very well. Remove from freezer a few hours before serving. Warm slightly, if desired.
- To save time when preparing muffins, buy pre-shredded carrots, measure dry ingredients a day ahead and/or chop cherries and nuts a day ahead.
Read more about this recipe on Recipe Buzz® Blog.

domain: food


text:
Bill and Hillary Clinton, along with other members of the former first family, made a public appearance at an Upstate NY diner that has been favorite of Chelsea Clinton's for years.
The former president and his wife -- the former Secretary of State and 2016 Democratic presidential candidate -- stopped at the Grazin' Diner, at 717 Warren Street in Hudson, The Register-Star reported.
Hillary stopped and spoke with restaurant staff, and took photos with several customers, including some who waited outside the diner just for a glimpse of her.
"We were with my daughter and her family and we wanted to stop here," Hillary explained.
According to the Register-Star, Chelsea Clinton and her husband had been to the Hudson Valley restaurant several times in the past, and wanted to take her parents to try the burger for her birthday. Bill and Hillary had never been there before.
"The french fries were really dangerous, but they were delicious and we ate too many of them," Hillary said.
Head Chef Andrew Chiappinelli said he was honored to cook for them, and had voted for both Bill and Hillary Clinton. He said the family ordered several burgers, including one veggie burger, and a grilled cheese and hot dog for Chelsea's daughter.
The farm affiliated with the restaurant, Grazin' Angus Farms, provided meat for Chelsea's wedding in Rhinebeck in 2010, according to The Register-Star.
Take a look at photos from her visit in the gallery above.


text:
1. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
ADSORBENTS FOR TLC, PREPARATION
TECHNIQUES, MOBILE PHASE SELECTION,
REVERSED PHASE TLC
-: Presented By :-
Amruta S. Sambarekar
1st Year M.Pharm
Dept. of Pharmaceutics
M M C P, BELGAUM
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 1
2. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
• TLC is a technique in which the components of
the extract are distributed between two
phases, stationary phase & mobile phase.
• The principle of separation is adsorption.
3. • REQUIREMENTS OF TLC:
Stationary phase and papers used.
Preparation and activation of TLC plates.
Application of the sample.
4. • COMPARISION OF THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND PAPER
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
The principle of separation is adsorption. The principle of separation is partition
More amount of substance is required. Less amount of substance is required.
Less time consuming i.e. 15—45 minutes More time consuming i.e. 2—3 hours
TLC plates can be heated in an oven for a Paper cannot be heated in an oven for a long
long time time.
Separation is more sharp Separation is less sharp.
Thin layer have physical strength. Ascending Due to lack of physical strength in paper,
techniques are preferred for this type descending techniques are used.
In TLC, chromatoplates are prepared by Here paper is generally used. Silica gel or
coating thin layers of silica gel or alumina on alumina cannot be used because they cannot
glass plates. be made into sheets.
in TLC, corrosive reagents may be coated on Here, corrosive reagents destroy the paper.
Sensitivity of detection of the fraction on Less sensitivity of detection. Spots easily
plate is high. The spots are less diffused diffused
TLC can be evaluated under UV. Paper chromatography cannot be evaluated
5. • COMPARISION OF TLC & HPTLC:
Parameter TLC HPTLC
Chromatographic plate used Hand made /pre- Pre-coated
Adsorbent layer thickness 250 μm 100-200μm
Particle size range 5-20μ 4-8μ
Pre-washing of the plate Not followed Must
Application of sample Manual/Semi Semi
Shape Spot Spot/Band
Spot size 2-4mm 0.5-1mm
Sample volume 1-10μL 0.2-5μL
Application of larger volume Spotting which Can be applied as
leads to over bands
6. No. of samples/plate (20X20) 15-20 40-50
Optimum development 10-15cm 5-7cm
Development time Depends on 40% Less than
mobile phase TLC
Reproducibility of results Difficult Reproducible
7. ADSORBENTS FOR TLC
• In the beginning of TLC method, only few
coating materials were used as adsorbents
such as silica gel, alumina etc.
• However, now a days , there is variety of
adsorbents which can be selectively utilized.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 7
8. Factors to be considered while choosing the
1. Characteristics of compound to be
2. Solubility of compounds.
3. Nature of substance to be separated i.e.
acidic, basic, amphoteric.
4. To see whether compound is liable to react
chemically with adsorbent (or
solvent), or not.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 8
9. Two general properties that decide its application
1. Particle size
Particle size of 1-25 m is generally preferred.
Adsorbents do not generally adhere to glass plates
& hence binders like gypsum, starch are added.
Gypsum (calcium sulphate) in 10-15% w/w is
widely used as binder.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 9
11. INORGANIC ADSORBENTS
• Silica gel
• Magnesium silicate
• Calcium silicate
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 11
12. ORGANIC ADSORBENTS
• Cellulose & its acetylates
• Charcoal & activated carbon
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 12
13. PREPARATION OF CHROMATOPLATES
• Glass plates or flexible plates are commonly used for
adsorbent. Size used depends on type of separation
to be carried out, the type of chromatographic tank
and spreading apparatus available.
• The standard sizes are 20 x 5 cm, 20 x 10 cm or 20 x
20 cm .
• The surface should be flat without irregularities.
• The standard film thickness is 250um
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 13
14. Methods for application of adsorbent.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 14
15. • Pouring: The adsorbent of finely divided and
homogeneous particle size is made into slurry and is
poured on a plate and allowed to flow over it so that
it is evenly covered.
• Dipping : This technique is used for small plates by
dipping the two plates at a time, back to back in a
slurry of adsorbent in chloroform or other volatile
solvents. Exact thickness of layer is not known and
evenness of layer may not be good.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 15
16. • Spraying : Slurry is diluted further for the operation
of sprayer. But this technique is not used now a days
as it is difficult to get uniform layer.
• Spreading : All the above methods fail to give thin
and uniform layers. Modern methods utilize the
spreading devices for preparation of uniform thin
layers on glass plates. Commercial spreaders are of
two types (a) Moving spreader, (b) Moving plate
It gives layer thickness from 0.2 to 2.0 mm.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 16
17. ACTIVATION OF PLATES
• After spreading plates are allowed to dry in air
and further dried and activated by heating at
about 100 c for 30 mins.
• By removing the liquids associated with layer
completely, the adsorbent layer is activated.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 17
18. SOLVENT SYSTEM
• The choice of the mobile phase is depends upon
the following factors:-
1. Nature of the substance to be separated
2. Nature of the stationary phase used
3. Mode of chromatography ( Normal phase or
4. Separation to be achieved- Analytical or
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 18
19. • The organic solvent mixture of low polarity is used
Highly polar solvents are avoided to minimize
adsorption of any components of the solvent
mixture. Use of water as a solvent is avoided as it
may loosen the adhesion of a layer on a glass plate.
• Solvents with an increasing degree of polarity are
used in liquid-solid or adsorption chromatography.
The solvents listed in elutropic series are selected.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 19
21. APPLICATION OF SAMPLE
• Sample solution in a non polar solvent is applied.
• The concentration of a sample or standard solution
has to be minimum of a 1% solution of either
standard or test sample is spotted using a capillary
tube or micropipette.
• The area of application should be kept as small as
possible for sharper and greater resolution.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 21
22. Sample Application (spotting)
Process “finishing line”
A. Draw “guide lines”
lightly with pencil
B. Dissolve solid
sample in CH2Cl2
C. Use TLC capillary
to transfer and spot
dissolved sample “starting line”
T-stillbene benzoic acid
23. DEVELOPMENT CHAMBERS
• TLC plates are placed vertically in a
rectangular chromatography tank (as in fig)
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 23
24. • They are classified according to the separation
(a) Tanks for ascending development
(b) Tanks for descending development
(c) Tanks for horizontal development
(d) Tanks for thin layer electrophoresis
• For first three methods glass or S.S is most suitable.
• Degree of saturation will affect Rf value
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 24
25. DEVELOPMENT OF CHROMATOGRAMS
• Generally ascending method is used to greater
extent but various other methods are also
used. They are
• Ascending Development : The plates after
spotting of the sample are placed in chamber
containing solvent at bottom. Flow of solvent
is from bottom to top. (as in fig.)
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 25
26. • Descending : Flow of the solvent from
reservoir to the plate is by means of a filter
paper strip. Solvent moves from top to bottom
of the plate (as in fig.)
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 26
27. Two dimensional development :
• It is used if the component of the mixture are not
completely separated by development in a single
• In these sample spot is applied at corner of plate.
• First development is carried out by ascending
method in one solvent. The plate is taken out,
solvent allowed to evaporate.
• second development is carried out 0 another solvent
by changing the edge of plate at 90 (as in fig.)
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 27
29. REVERSED PHASE TLC
• Here stationary phase is non polar in nature and mobile
phase is polar in nature.
• These chromatoplates are prepared by immersing the
adsorbent layer very slowly in 5-10% of paraffin, silicone
oil, undecane in petroleum ether or diethyl ether. After
removing the plate and evaporating the solvent , the
plate is ready for chromatography. Paraffin and silicon oil
provides the permanent impregnation whereas
undecane can be removed after development after
heating the plate at 120
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 29
30. HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER
Multiple development technique &quantitative
method for TLC/HPTLC
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 30
• HPTLC or High-Performance Thin Layer
Chromatography is an analytical technique
based on thin layer chromatography, but with
enhancements intended to increase the
resolution of the compounds to be separated
and to allow quantitative analysis of the
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 31
32. Pre-conditioning (chamber saturation)
• Pre-conditioning has pronounced influence
on the separation profile
• What happen plate are introduced in non
1. Lager quantity of solvent are required for
2. Increase in Rf values
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 32
33. Reason for chamber saturation
• If chamber is saturated prior to
development solvent vapour get uniformly
distributed in chamber
• As plate are introduced in such chamber it
soon get pre-loaded with solvent
• Less solvent required to travel particular
• Lower the Rf values
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 33
34. Development &drying
• Techniques used for devolvement in HPTLC/TLC
3. Two dimensional
4. Horizontal (continuous)
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 34
• After development the plate are removed
form the chamber & mobile phase
removed completely as quickly as possible]
• Drying preferably be performed in fume
cup board to avoid contamination of lab
• During drying plate should always laid
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 35
36. • Usually hand dryer are used ( cold or hot).
• The following considerations are taken care of
during the drying process:-
i. Essential oil component may evaporate.
ii. Compound sensitive to oxygen may get
iii. Particle of dust from lab. may deposit on
It is precisely for this reason the drying of
chromatogram should preferably be done in
dessicator with protection from heat and light.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 36
37. Detection and visualization
• One of the most characteristic feature of
the HPTLC is possibility to utilize post
chromatographic off-line derivatization.
• The zones can be located by various
physical, chemical, biological, physiological
• There is no difficulty in detecting the
colored substance or colorless substance
absorbing the short wave in UV region (
254nm ). Contd…
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 37
• Or with intrinsic fluorescence such as
riboflavin or quinine sulphate.
• The substance which do not have above
properties have to be transferred into
detectable substance by means of
chromogenic and flurogenic reagent.
• Iodine is the universal detecting agent.
• Derivatization is essentially required for
detection when individual compounds does
not respond to UV or does not intrinsic
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics Contd… 38
• Other detection methods based on wetting
and solubility phenomena.
• As aluminium oxide, kieselguhr or silica gel
are hydrophilic adsorbent, on dipping or
spraying the chromatogram with water
lipophilic such as steroid hydrocarbon
appears as a white spot against semi
• Instead of water one can employ
hydrophilic or lipophilic dye solution for
spraying or dipping.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics Contd… 39
• In case of hydrophilic dyes such as methylene
blue the background is stained blue, whereas
non-wetted zone appear pale.
• While in case of lipophilic dyes non-wetted
zone appears as a deeply colored against as a
• Fluorescent chemicals are used for the
detection of lipophilic substances by wetting or
non-wetting technique. E.g. Rhodomin B.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics Contd… 40
• Several corrosive reagents are also used for
detection of organic compounds.
• These compounds produce color or fluroscent
zone on heating. E.g. 10% v/v alcoholic
sulphuric acid, 5% potassium dichromate.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 41
42. Visualization of TLC Results
A. Allow solvent to evaporate
from surface of TLC plate.
B. View results under UV light.
look for grayish spots on the UV
fluorescent green background
C. Mark spots with a pencil
while viewing under UV.
43. Quantitative method in TLC and HPTLC
• Techniques for quantitative analysis
A. Analysis of fraction on plate:-
i. Visual comparison with standard.
ii. Precise measurement of spot area or spot
iii. Photo densitometry.
iv. Direct spectrometry.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics Contd… 43
B. Determination of fraction after elution from
i. Scooped area containing adsorbed compound
with vacuum cleaner and then analyzed by
various analytical methods like gravimetry,
C. Radioactive substance can be assayed by
i. Photo densitometry of x-ray film.
ii. Direct radio-scanning of chromatoplates.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 44
45. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS:
Rf value is calculated for identifying the
spots i.e in qualitative analysis. Rf value
ranges from 0 – 1. but the ideal values are
from 0.3 to 0.8 . when Rf value of a sample
and reference standard.
APPLICATIONS OF TLC:
Separation of mixtures of drugs of
chemical or biological origin,Plant extracts
Separation of carbohydrates, vitamins,
antibiotics, glycosides, etc.
Identification of related compounds in the
To detect the presence of foreign
substances in drugs.
46. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
• What do you mean by reversed phase TLC?
• Explain various techniques used for the
visualisation of spot in TLC? (5)
• Difference between TLC and HPTLC?(5)
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 46
1. ‘Instrumental method of chemical analysis’ by B.K.
2. ‘Instrumental method of chemical analysis’ by
3. Text book of pharmaceutical analysis by Dr. Ravi
4. Pharmaceutical Analysis Volume – ii Instrumental
Methods by Dr. A. V Kasture, Dr. S. G Wadodkar, Dr.
K. R. Mahadik, Dr. H. N. More.
5. Internet source.
10 February 2013 Dept. of Pharmaceutics 47

domain: chemistry


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“Agriculture contributes more than $90 billion annually to Michigan’s economy,” said Zook. “Embracing scientific advancements and improving seed genetics are just some of the ways that Michigan’s corn growers are using new technology to grow the economy and feed the world.”
Improvements in seed genetics have led to the development of new varieties of corn that are better suited to different temperature, soil and water conditions and more resistant to pests. These new varieties maximize yields with less water and land and fewer chemicals. Thanks to these advances, corn growers harvested the second largest crop on record in 2012 despite statewide drought conditions that threatened Michigan’s agricultural operations.
Please click on the arrow below to hear this week's report:
The Ag Report on Greening of the Great Lakes is brought to you by the Agricultural Leaders of Michigan. It airs weekly on News/Talk 760 WJR and features voices from Michigan’s growing agriculture sector.


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TITUSVILLE, Fla. (BVM) — The University of Illinois – Chicago men’s basketball team has been in the hunt for the Horizon League championship in recent years. After finishing as the runner up in the 2020 season, the team seems to be one piece away from the ultimate goal.
The recent commitment of Astronaut High School senior Jace Carter may be what puts them over the top.
The 6-foot-5 inch combo guard chose UIC over a dozen of other offers, and he did it before his senior year where he may have had the opportunity to attract other schools. However, Carter knows that his decision will put him in the best position possible to make an instant impact.
As opposed to going to a major program, the mid-major level will allow him to come in and contribute immediately.
“I knew the mid-major spot was the best for me. I wanna come in right away and make an impact and I felt that at that level that’s the best for me,” Carter said. “Knock on wood, if I would’ve got hurt, I didn’t want to take that risk. I was excited with UIC. I didn’t see any other school competing with them.”
Besides the potential of coming in and playing right away, Carter also appreciates the level of competition that the smaller Horizon League offers. With the conference consisting of many likewise teams, its games will be tightly contested.
“I feel like a lot of people take it for granted, ‘oh it’s just a mid-major school.’ There’s some really good schools in that conference that compete every night,” Carter said. “We aren’t going in, blowing teams out by 50. It’s a 10 to two point game. Every night is close.”
The future UIC Flame was taken aback by all the college attention, though. He had a few schools talk to him his freshman and sophomore years, but nobody took him seriously. Then his junior year, offers suddenly started flooding in.
It most likely had something to do with being named the 2018-19 Florida Today Boy’s Basketball Player of the Year, as well as a Class 4A third-team All-State selection. He finished that season by averaging 21.2 points, 9.4 rebounds and two assists per night.
Now in the beginning stages of his senior year, he looks to have gotten even better. UIC might have lucked out with this commit. In Astronaut’s opening night game, Carter dropped 40 points and followed that up with an encore performance of 25 points and 19 rebounds.
“During quarantine I took a big emphasis on getting my body right. I was 205 going into quarantine, now I’m 220. I feel like I’ve got a lot better and stronger,” Carter said. “ I also look at the game a lot differently. I feel like I play a lot more freely because I know I’m going to school.”
But credit was given where credit was due. Carter understands that this evolution of his basketball game couldn’t have been done by himself. He attributed his love of the game and development to his parents who were there every step of the way.
Carter’s mom was actually a very good player in her own right, going on to play DII basketball at Florida Southern University. Her talent was passed down to the next generation.
“They kind of instilled in me that basketball was an important thing and I fell in love with it. My dad worked me out as a kid, and growing up he taught me a lot of things,” Carter said. “Without my mom and dad I wouldn’t be where I’m at at all. They put a lot of money into me, and helped me succeed the most.”
Now UIC head coach Luke Yaklich and the remainder of the staff anxiously await the arrival of Carter on campus so that they can complete their quest for Horizon League dominance. When he does land in Chicago, he’ll be ready to rock.
“They are about winning, about the things me and my family rep a lot,” Carter said. “I feel comfortable and that’s where I want to be.”

domain: news


- Employees identified a backdoor that revealed financial misconduct by SBF and Alameda Research.
- Prosecutors allege preferential treatment of Alamadeda Research by FTX.
- New evidence and witness testimonies strengthen the DOJ’s case against SBF.
As the trial surrounding the collapse of the infamous cryptocurrency exchange FTX continues, new revelations have shed light on significant events in the lead-up to the exchange’s bankruptcy.
The latest evidence in the case points to more complications for the disgraced CEO, Sam Bankman-Fried, as details emerge of a ‘backdoor’ discovered by former employees, which revealed that the exchange was on shaky financial ground before its collapse in November.
FTX as Alameda’s Financial Reservoir?
According to a report by the Wall Street Journal, a group of employees from the U.S.-based LedgerX Team, acquired by FTX in 2021, discovered a backdoor in its code that allowed Alameda Research, the cryptocurrency hedge fund company co-founded by SBF, to conduct unlimited withdrawals of customers’ funds.
While ordinary FTX users would face account liquidation if their balance fell below zero, the loophole allowed Alameda to maintain a line of credit of up to a staggering $65 billion.
The team reportedly raised concerns about the vulnerability to team head and Chief Risk Officer Julie Schoenig, who subsequently reported to FTX’s Director of Engineering Nishad Singh. Despite the early warnings, the issue was never addressed, and Schoenig was fired months later under the guise of improper conduct.
Subsequent evidence revealed that her termination was directly linked to the backdoor identified, suggesting FTX’s alleged attempt to maintain its operations for the benefit of Alameda.
FTX co-founder and former Chief Technology Officer Gary Wang corroborated the allegations in his recent testimony, adding fuel that Alameda received preferential treatment over other investors.
SBF Indulged In Investor and Wire Fraud
On October 5th, Wang pleaded guilty to committing wire, securities, and commodities fraud with other FTX executives, including Nishad Singh and Caroline Ellison, all under the direction of Bankman-Fried.
During his testimony as the fourth witness called by the Department of Justice, the former CTO further admitted that Alameda had also withdrawn $8 billion from FTX, along with its existing line of credit by the time the exchange collapsed.
When called to the stand, co-founder and managing partner of crypto investment company Paradigm Matthew Huang stated that assurances from SBF led to Paradigm investing $278 million in FTX in 2021. This was despite concerns about the lack of formal structure at FTX and its shady entanglement with Alameda.
Huang added that SBF was “resistant to having investors on the board,” and pointed out that crucial information about Almaeda’s access to funds had been kept shielded from investors.
On the Flipside
- SBF faces up to 115-155 years imprisonment if found guilty.
- The Department of Justice has confiscated SBF’s private jets, valued at $28 million, alleging that they were purchased through a loan from FTX to a Bahamian company.
- FTX developer Adam Yedidia also testified that the exchange mishandled customers’ deposits.
Why This Matters
The recent discoveries in the ongoing case could significantly impact the course and outcome of the trial. The new testimonies also add substantial weight to the prosecutor’s claims of SBF’s criminal charges, further strengthening the case against him.
Read here to discover more details about the ongoing SBF trial:
DOJ Slams SBF’s Illusionary Wealth, Power, and Influence
Blockchain Technology is experiencing significant growth in Hong Kong. Read more:
Hong Kong’s New Titan Fund to Drive Blockchain Adoption


Here's What You Need To Remember: The VT-4 is likely to be a popular export to nations without the budget or political connections to Russia, Europe or the United States, as a “good enough” tank. Then again, similar things were said about the Stingray light tank, for which the Royal Thai Army is also the only user.
While China’s primary tank is the ZTZ-99, its military industry (in the Western tradition) has also developed completely original designs for export. One of the designs that’s achieved considerable success is the VT-4, which has been recently adopted in significant numbers by the Royal Thai Army. The VT-4 is China’s premier export tank, built on technology and designs behind the earlier Al-Khalid tank that was built with cooperation from Pakistan and Ukraine. But how does the VT-4’s technology stack up against Russia’s T-90S, America’s M1 Abrams export models or the Leopard 2?
The VT-4’s roots are in the Al-Khalid tank developed in the 1990s. The Al-Khalid tank was largely built with mostly Chinese and Pakistani technology, but a sore spot for the Chinese designers was their lack of ability to provide a power plant for the tank. The engines for the tank had to be sourced from Germany or Ukraine. Ukraine ended up providing the production run for the Al-Khalid tank. As a result, the VT-4 program’s primary objective when it began in 2009 was to build an indigenous power plant for future domestic and export tanks. Due to the success of this engine development program, many VT-4 marketing materials tout the reliability and performance of its engine.
The Thai decision to acquire the VT-4 was a result of Ukraine’s failure to deliver T-84 Oplots on schedule. Originally, the decision was between the T-90S and the T-84 Oplot, but American diplomatic pressure resulted in the selection of the T-84 over the T-90S. However, due to various problems and the war in Ukraine, Ukraine has delivered the ordered T-84s at a slow rate. Thus, a program was initiated in 2016 to select another modern tank to take the place of the T-84. The new contenders were the Chinese VT-4 and the Russian T-90MS. Again, the post-coup Thai government’s pivot towards China and waning Russian influence in the region resulted in the selection of the VT-4 over the T-90, despite the T-90’s greater export success and the VT-4 being an unproven design. The Thai contract is the first adoption of the VT-4.
The VT-4 uses 125-millimeter Chinese BT-4 ammunition. BT-4 is the export designation for the DTW125 round, a last-generation Chinese APFSDS round with a tungsten penetrator, which is rated at seven hundred millimeters of RHA penetration at two kilometers. A new round is also in development for the export market based on technology from the current generation DTC125 round (which is rumored to penetrate 750 millimeters at the same range). While 125 millimeters is the standard caliber, the VT-4 may also be exported with a 120-millimeter gun upon a customer’s request. A 140-millimeter cannon was once considered for the VT-4 and future Chinese domestic tanks, but it is currently shelved in favor of research into better ammunition or ETC technology. The VT-4’s autoloader is also practically identical to those found in the T-72 series of tanks, with horizontal ammo stowage around the turret floor (this can be seen as the autoloader uses a hoist system in the picture, similar to the hoist system of the T-72, illustrated here). The VT-4 in Thai service is also compatible with Ukrainian ammunition, including the gun-launched ATGMs. While the original designer of the VT-4 didn’t see the need for GLATGM on the VT-4, stating that the capability given by kinetic penetrators is enough for developing countries, the feature was added to Thai VT-4s in order to make use of delivered GLATGMs that came with the T-84s. The hull armor of the VT-4 is estimated to be around five to six hundred millimeters’ RHA protection without ERA, and seven to eight hundred with the ERA package. Turret armor statistics remain restricted to potential clients. Other features on the VT-4 include laser warning receivers and a fully stabilized, independent, thermal commander sight (a feature still lacking on some modern Russian tanks).
In practice, Thai tankers have complained about the ERA on the VT-4 being thinner than that of the Oplot. The Oplot’s soft-kill active-protection system design has been proven in combat (as the Ukrainian Varta system is a close clone of the Shtora system, which has proven effective in Syria), whereas the VT4’s system has not been tested at all. However, in firing drills, the VT-4’s fire control system has proven to be more accurate than the Oplot’s.
While the capabilities of the VT-4 are not revolutionary in any way (unlike some claims from Norinco), it is a solid tank for its price, that will likely have good support from the manufacturing base in China. Survivability wise, it has the same potential issues of the T-72 and T-90 series due to the same ammo layout. While the gun performance is unlikely to be on the same level as the latest American, Chinese or Russian guns, due to being based on last-generation round technology, it should be enough to counter most armored threats that aren’t top tier. As such, the VT-4 is likely to be a popular export to nations without the budget or political connections to Russia, Europe or the United States, as a “good enough” tank. Then again, similar things were said about the Stingray light tank, for which the Royal Thai Army is also the only user.
Charlie Gao studied political and computer science at Grinnell College and is a frequent commentator on defense and national-security issues. This first appeared in February 2018.


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Your Life in Poems 4-Week Writing Circle : Bird Mejia
September 11, 18, 25 and Oct 2 7:00pm-8:15pm
Early Bird Pricing $100 if registered by August 15, $120 after August 15 email email@example.com to register
Don’t leave your story untold! Enjoy the Joyful, Healing, Life-affirming Art of Poetry so that you Can Empower Yourself and Others! Bird Mejia is an Expert at teaching ANYONE how to write their life and family stories through poetry. It doesn’t matter if you have never written a poem before; bird can teach you how in a simple, fun way. In this writing circle, Bird will guide you in writing your stories. This will be a safe, nurturing environment. Beginners embraced!
Healing Retreat – Bird Mejia
Saturday, September 21st 9am – 4pm
Cost: $145 (Early-Bird $125 if paid by 9/7)
Register with Bird at firstname.lastname@example.org
Healing yourself transforms your life in magical ways and stops the pain that keeps on repeating in your life. Join Bird Mejia for a weekend of beautiful healing. The day will include Morning Meditation, lesson on the Power and Importance of Breath and Sound Meditation, workshop on Reconnecting to Your Powerful Self, Plant-Based Lunch (gluten free and delicious, because Bird is a foodie – and will include Bird’s famous vegan Queso dip and a yummy dessert), Sound Healing/Chakra Healing, workshop on Following Your Bliss – Your Unique Hero’s Journey, Heart Healing (so you can call forth more true love into your life) and sage blessing. Options available after the workshop and on Sunday for continued healing.
Saturday evening and Sunday optional personal 1-on-1 add-ons:
For continued healing over the weekend: Choose 1 or 2 60-minute sessions with Bird. You can choose Reiki (to help you raise your vibration), Harmonyum Healing (to help heal your body of pain), or Intuitive Coaching (individualized for your needs) Oracle Card Reading (on romance, life purpose or general question). Time options include 5-8pm on 9/21 and 9am-7pm on 9/22. Special session pricing is $70 per session ($41 off Bird’s usual pricing). Sessions will be booked on a first-come-first-served basis.
Group Reiki Share Day
October 12, 2019 2pm-4pm
Receive a 30-minute treatment for just $10 (normally $80-$110 for 60-minutes) in a group setting with multiple Reiki Practitioners.
To reserve your session either call, text or email Olivia at 480-266-4575 email@example.com
Time slots available on a first come, first serve basis and we can only take a limited number of clients so register ASAP. If all time slots fill up we will start a waitlist in the case that someone cancels.
Time Slots Offered:
2:00 to 2:30
2:45 to 3:15
3:30 to 4:00
Gendai Reiki Ho: Level 1 Certification Class – Olivia Veloso
Saturday, October 19. 2019 9am – 6pm
Must pre-register, contact Olivia at firstname.lastname@example.org or 480-266-4575 for more details and to register.
Materials include: 2 x manuals from Japan and an official certificate
Attire: comfortable clothes
Reiki Master: Olivia Veloso (see Olivia’s Bio under our Healing Partners tab)
A message from one of Olivia’s Reiki students:
“I just want to share that since the workshops, little and big things have been falling into place for me. Slowly but surely.They are mostly everything I’ve been asking for, and more of what I NEED.I am so grateful. What we learned in your manifestation workshop, coupled with Reiki, is bringing only good things into my life.It’s true what you told me —Use it, experiment and you will find that your life will change, where magic and miracles is a natural order of your days. I still have everyday challenges and work stress, but I am dealing so much better thanks to Reiki. I continue to pray for guidance from my guardian angel. I feel big changes coming, and I just wanted to share this with you. I think it’s my better connection to the universe through Reiki that is making these manifestations possible!Thank you!” ~Kara

domain: hobby


Alleges disenfranchising of 400,000 members
By OKEY MADUFORO
The call by the leader of the Indegeous People of Biafra (IPOB), Mazi Nnamdi Kanu that elections will not hold in Anambra State has drawn the anger of both the members of Judism religion and Seven Day Adventists Church contending that he is on his own.
The groups also lamented what they call the disenfranchisement of over 400,000 members following the fixing of election dates on Saturdays – a day set aside for their worship.
The groups spoke to reporters Tuesday during the stakeholders meeting organised by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), stating that Kanu has no right or power to stop Anambra people, or the South East in general, from taking part in elections in the country.
According to the President of the Nigerian Jewish Community, Elder Arthur- Regis Odidika, the statement is anti the interest of the Igbos “because we cannot succeed in our quest if we do not take part in the election.”
Speaking further he said: “There is a call on the proscribed radio station owned by Nnamdi Kanu which has been asking people not to take part in the November election in Anambra State and we wonder how the emancipation of Ndigbo can work if we fail to be part of the electoral process.
“We as a body stands for peace and brotherly coexistence and not war and we cannot afford to allow some people overheat the polity in Anambra State by the call for a boycott of the elections in Nigeria.” (New Telegraph)


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A FINRA securities arbitration panel ordered Wells Fargo Advisors LLC to pay $2.8 million to a family limited partnership after finding that the firm failed to detect a fraudulent scheme being perpetrated by the partnership's former secretary. The $2.8 million order includes $2.3 million in damages plus $419,000 in margin interests and $35,000 in costs.
According to the complaint, Esther Spero aka Esther Burstyn—the former secretary—forged the names of multiple College Health and Investment Ltd employees authorized to transfer funds from its accounts with Wells Fargo.
A related 2010 lawsuit against Spero found that the secretary used these forged names and signatures to transfer funds for personal use. The outcome of that suit was a $21 million judgment against Spero.
College Health alleged Wells Fargo—as the entity hosting the accounts—failed to "detect alleged theft and unauthorized transactions" between 2006 and 2008, citing breach of fiduciary duty, negligence, negligent supervision and breach of contract.
The FINRA arbitration panel agreed, finding that Wells Fargo was liable for failing to detect the fraud.
If you have invested with or hold accounts at a FINRA-member firm and you believe the firm, through its breach of fiduciary duty, contract or negligence failed to detect and/or prevent a fraudulent event that has proven harmful to your investments or financial interests, please call The Law Offices of Jonathan W. Evans & Associates at (800) 699-1881 for an investigation and consultation.


Reverend Horton Heat
Big Sandy, Lara Hope & The Ark-Tones
45 Main Street
Stanhope, NJ, 07874
Doors 6:00 PM (event ends at 11:59 PM)
Watch & Listen
Reverend Horton Heat
Formed in 1985, THE REVEREND HORTON HEAT exploded on the scene by playing gigs around their hometown of Dallas, Texas, mixing elements of surf, country, punk, big band and rockabilly to create a genre that took the world by storm. Often imitated, never duplicated, the Rev has continued to garner the support of both the underground rockabilly/ psychobilly scene and mainstream critics. Throughout the band's million plus album selling career, their music has been featured in countless TV shows, movies and commercials, it's impossible to deny the powerful force that is THE REVEREND HORTON HEAT. They continue to electrify audiences time and time again with their incredible stage presence, rock 'n roll charisma and contagious energy.
Ready to revive a genre that's been watered down for years, THE REVEREND HORTON HEAT have jump started their headlining STEWED, SCREWED and TATTOOED tour that will ignite over fifty-seven cities across the US this Winter and throughout 2013. Lemmy from MOTORHEAD said it best, "Reverend Horton Heat, he's great and plays the music he believes in and nothing else. Go see him or I'll kill you!" Prepare to rock harder than you have ever rocked before!
Since forming in 1988, Big Sandy & His Fly-Rite Boys have emerged as one of the world's most respected practitioners of American roots music
Lara Hope & The Ark-Tones
Winner of the 2017 Ameripolitan Music Award for Best Female Rockabilly Artist, and named the “Best Up-And-Coming Band” by Hudson Valley Magazine, Lara Hope and the Ark-Tones are New York’s premier roots rock n’ roll, rockabilly, rhythm & blues outfit. The Ark-Tones are releasing their 2nd full length album, entitled Love You to Life, out August 11th, and they will be hitting the road, spreading the gospel of American music wherever they go. Describing their sound, Hope explained to Rockabilly Online “I would say we are a new take on an old sound. It’s been described as ‘pan-americana’ which means we use many areas of early rock and roots music as a creative launchpad. Where it goes from there is anyone’s guess, because while we appreciate old music, we don’t want to write songs that have already been written.
$30 in advance, or $35 cash at the door
$5 Food & Beverage Minimum collected in cash at door for all guests under the age of 21; Voucher redeemable in restaurant.


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In a guest piece at Scientific American, David Ropeik argues that an Italian court's decision to charge scientists and a government official with manslaughter isn't about quake prediction per se, but a failure to communicate science effectively. Snip:
But, contrary to the majority of the news coverage this decision is getting and the gnashing of teeth in the scientific community, the trial was not about science, not about seismology, not about the ability or inability of scientists to predict earthquakes. These convictions were about poor risk communication, and more broadly, about the responsibility scientists have as citizens to share their expertise in order to help people make informed and healthy choices.
An editorial from Nature, a publication that covered the case extensively in 2011, echoes this sentiment. "It is important to note that the seven were not on trial for failing to predict the earthquake," but...
Italian scientists guilty of manslaughter after failing to predict quake Humans can cause earthquakes Read the rest
The verdict is perverse and the sentence ludicrous. Already some scientists have responded with warnings about the chilling effect on their ability to serve in public risk assessments.
Last year, the Eastern coast of Japan was struck by a massive 9.0 earthquake and tsunami. Since that happened, you've heard researchers talk about how it was not the first time that region had experienced an earthquake that large. Although the 2011 Tohoku earthquake has been called the biggest earthquake in Japan's recorded history, that's really only describing the relatively short history of scientifically measured earthquakes. The Japanese have kept written records, describing earthquakes that sound as though they could have been every bit as destructive. And those records date back 1600 years.
But written records aren't the only way of preserving local memories, or warning future generations about the destructive power of the Earth.
Geologic evidence shows that North America's Pacific Coast has experienced earthquakes on the scale of the Tohoku earthquake. (In fact, the Pacific Northwest is probably due for one of these large quakes. It's not an "if", but a "when".) The last time it happened, nobody in the area was keeping written documents. Instead, the story of a massive earthquake and a devastating tsunami—which probably occurred around the year 1700—have become a part of oral storytelling traditions. Ruth Ludwin, a seismologist at the University of Washington, has been collecting these stories since the early 1990s.
Read the rest
"There was a shaking, jumping up and trembling of the earth beneath, and a rolling up of the great waters."
So says an ancient tale told to generations of Quilleute and Hoh Indians. Variations of this saga of an epic battle between the Thunderbird and the Whale are found among Pacific Northwest Tribes from Vancouver Island to Oregon's Tillamook tribe.


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The rand of South Africa sank in early trade on Thursday as the conflict in Ukraine went on and commodity prices, which help the country’s resource-rich economy, declined.
The rand was trading at R14.50 against the dollar at 0605 GMT, down 0.3 percent from its previous close.
President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said on Thursday that Ukrainian forces are prepared for additional Russian strikes in the east of the nation as Moscow beefs up its forces after suffering failures near Kyiv.
According to Refinitiv statistics, the rand has gained about 10% this year, making it one of the best performing emerging market currencies, as it benefits from increased commodity prices with other exporters such as Angola, Brazil, and Chile.
Commodity prices, such as gold, platinum, and palladium, fell on Thursday.
The local focus will be on February producer price inflation data, which will be released at 0930 GMT, and trader balance data, which will be released at 1200 GMT.
Copyright: News Central TV
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How do Video Game Graphics Work?
TLDR: Diving into smooth shading, ray tracing, DLSS, GPU architectures, and future topics in video game graphics
Jan 20 2024
📍 Article Source
Smooth Shading and Barycentric Coordinates
The concept of smooth shading in computer graphics is explored in the video through the use of barycentric coordinates and vertex normals. By understanding how the gradient of normals across a triangle influences the shading on curved surfaces, the foundation for realistic graphics is laid.
Ray Tracing and DLSS in Graphics
The video delves into the process of creating detailed scenes in graphics using ray tracing and DLSS (Deep Learning Super Sampling). Ray tracing plays a crucial role in calculating shadows, reflections, and lighting in video games, while DLSS upscales low-resolution frames with the help of a neural network.
Architecture of Latest Generation GPUs
The latest generation GPUs are equipped with separate architectures for various functions, including CUDA or Shading cores, ray tracing cores, and Tensor cores for DLSS. This division of computational resources enables the efficient rendering of 4K frames in high-end games.
Future Topics in Video Game Graphics
The video hints at upcoming explorations into shadows, reflections, UVs, and normal maps in video game graphics. It also mentions plans for separate videos focusing on the intricate algorithms behind ray tracing and DLSS.
Video game graphics are composed of vertices, textures, and lights processed in the computer's graphics card.
- The graphics rendering pipeline involves three key steps: Vertex Shading, Rasterization, and Fragment Shading.
- The first step, vertex shading, involves calculating where each object falls in a 2D window using the camera's field of view.
Graphics rendering involves three transformations for moving vertices onto a 2D view screen.
- Moving a vertex from model space to world space, then from world space to camera space, and finally from the perspective field of view onto the view screen using X,Y, and Z coordinates.
- Transforming millions of vertices onto the 2D view screen with the help of GPUs designed to handle matrix math and rendering.
Graphics in video games are created by rasterizing triangles and using Z-buffer for depth calculations.
- Rasterization turns triangles into groups of pixels with shared texture or color.
- Z-buffer helps solve the visibility problem by determining which triangles are in front based on their depth values.
Understanding the process of rasterization and fragment shading in video game graphics.
- Rasterization involves computing Z values of triangle pixels and implementing SSAA to reduce jagged edges.
- Fragment shading accounts for light direction, reflections, and shadows to create realistic scenes.
Video game graphics use shading to simulate lighting effects.
- Shading is used to create realistic effects such as changing colors based on lighting and shadows.
- The process involves calculating the direction of light and the triangle's surface to determine shading.
Video game graphics involve complex vector and matrix math calculations.
- Daytime scenes have higher light intensity, while nighttime scenes have lower intensity.
- Multiple light sources in a scene require intensive GPU calculations and may have limitations.
Graphics rendering pipeline includes flat shading and smooth shading techniques.
- Flat shading uses single color per triangle, while smooth shading uses one normal for each vertex.
- Smooth shading uses barycentric coordinates to produce a smooth gradient of normals across the triangle's surface.
Ray tracing and DLSS significantly impact video game graphics
- Ray tracing is used for calculating shadows, reflections, and improved lighting
- DLSS algorithm upscales low-resolution frames to 4K using a convolution neural network


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Latest TROPI Stories
NASA is planning to take its exploration of the moon to a new level by sowing the first seeds on the lunar surface by 2015. The space agency said it plans to develop a very simple sealed growth chamber that can support germination over a five to 10 day period in a spacecraft on the moon.
Astronauts growing Arabidopsis plants on the International Space Station tried to determine what plant growth patterns could be influenced by gravity.
- An uxorious, effeminate, or spiritless man.
- A timorous, cowardly fellow.