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General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport (IATA: BOS, ICAO: KBOS, FAA LID: BOS), also known as Logan International Airport and commonly as Boston Logan, Logan Airport or simply Logan, is an international airport that is located mostly in East Boston and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts, United States. It opened in 1923, covers 2,384 acres (965 ha), has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is the largest airport in both the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the New England region in terms of passenger volume and cargo handling, the 16th-busiest airport in the United States, as well as the busiest airport in the Northeast outside the New York metropolitan area. The airport saw 42,522,411 passengers in 2019, the most in its history. It is named after General Edward Lawrence Logan, a 20th-century war hero native to Boston.
General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport
|Owner||Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)|
|Location||East Boston and Winthrop, Massachusetts|
|Opened||September 8, 1923|
|Focus city for|
|Elevation AMSL||19.1 ft / 6 m|
FAA airport diagram
Logan has non-stop service to destinations throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, Latin America, the Caribbean, the North Atlantic region (including Bermuda and the Azores), Europe, Africa, and Asia. BOS is the northeastern hub for Cape Air and is the secondary Transatlantic hub for Delta Air Lines, serving several destinations in Europe. It is also an operating base for JetBlue. American and United also carry out significant operations from the airport, including daily transcontinental flights. All of the major U.S. air carriers offer flights from Boston to all or the majority of their primary and secondary hubs.
Logan Airport opened on September 8, 1923, and at that time it was mainly used by the Massachusetts Air National Guard and the United States Army Air Corps. during this time, it was known as Jeffery Field. The first scheduled commercial passenger flights to start at the new airfield were on Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York City, starting in 1927. On January 1, 1936, the airport's weather station became the official point for Boston's weather observations and records by the National Weather Service.
Early domestic expansionEdit
During the 1940s and 1950s, due to the rise in demand for air travel, the airport added 1,800 acres (2.8 sq mi; 7.3 km2; 730 ha) of landfill in Boston Harbor, taken from the former Governors, Noddle's and Apple Islands. during this time, the airport expanded the terminals, adding terminals B and C in 1949, which are still in use today. In 1943, the state of Massachusetts renamed the airport after Maj. Gen. Edward Lawrence Logan, a Spanish–American War officer from South Boston, a statue of whom by sculptor Joseph Coletti was unveiled and dedicated on May 20, 1956. In 1952, Logan Airport became the first in the United States with an indirect rapid transit connection, with the opening of the Airport station on the Blue Line.
Boston became a transatlantic gateway after World War II. In the late 1940s, American Overseas Airlines began operating a weekly Boston-Shannon-London service, shortly after, Pan Am began operating nonstop service to Shannon Airport in Ireland and Santa Maria Airport in the Azores, continuing to London and Lisbon respectively. By the early 1950s, BOAC had started nonstop service the Stratocruiser to Glasgow and Prestwick Airport in Scotland. Around this time(but unknown is the exact date) Air France began operating a multi-stop Constellation service linking Boston to Orly Airport in Paris. During this time, BOAC began service on the new De Havilland Comet, the first commercial jetliner in the world, on direct flights to Boston from London Heathrow. In April 1957, the Official Airline Guide showed 49 weekday departures with the list as follows: American, 31 Eastern, 25 Northeast Airlines, 8 United Airlines, 7 TWA domestic, 6 National Airlines, 6 Mohawk Airlines, 2 Trans-Canada Air Lines and one Provincetown-Boston Airlines. In addition TWA had nine departures a week to or from the Atlantic, Pan Am had 18, Air France 8, BOAC 4 and Alitalia 4.
Introduction of the jumbo jet and early international expansionEdit
The jumbo jet era began at Logan in the summer of 1970, when Pan Am started daily Boeing 747 service to London Heathrow. Until 2020, the Boeing 747-400 was scheduled on flights to Boston by British Airways. Lufthansa operates Boeing 747s, including the latest-model Boeing 747-8, on its daily nonstop flights to Frankfurt.
Terminal E was the second largest international arrivals facility in the United States when it opened in 1974. Between 1974 and 2015, the number of international travelers at Logan tripled. International long-haul travel has been one of the fastest growing market sector's at the airport. Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) undertook the "Logan Modernization Project" from 1994 to 2006: a new parking garage, a new hotel, moving walkways, terminal expansions and improvements, and two-tiered roadways to separate arrival and departure traffic.
Massport's relationship with nearby communities has been strained since the mid-1960s, when the agency took control of a parcel of residential land and popular fishing area near the northwest side of the airfield. This land included Frederick Law Olmsted's 46-acre Wood Island Park, a valued recreational area for a neighborhood with "fewer park and recreation facilities than other neighborhood in the city." After decades of litigation, the forfeiture was undertaken to extend Runway 15R/33L, which later became Logan's longest runway via artificial land. Outside of the park on Neptune Road, residents of the neighborhood, formerly, with its convenient park access, the "most prestigious street in East Boston," were bought out of their homes and forced to relocate. Public opposition came to a head when residents laid down in the streets to block bulldozers and supply trucks from reaching the construction zone.
Modern international expansion and runway additionsEdit
Runway 14/32, Logan's first major runway addition in more than forty years, opened on November 23, 2006. It was proposed in 1973, but was delayed in the courts. According to Massport records, the first aircraft to use the new airstrip was a Continental Express ERJ-145 regional jet landing on Runway 32, on the morning of December 2, 2006.
In April 2007, the FAA approved construction of a center field taxiway long-sought by Massport. The 9,300-foot (2,830 m) taxiway is between, and parallel to, Runways 4R/22L and 4L/22R. News of the project angered neighboring residents. In 2009 the taxiway opened ahead of schedule and under budget. To ensure the taxiway is not mistaken for a runway, "TAXI" is written in large yellow letters at each end.
A scene from the 2006 film The Departed was filmed at Logan, inside the connector bridge between Terminal E and the Central Parking Garage. Terminal C and several United Airlines and Northwest Airlines aircraft can be seen in the background. Parts of the Delta Air Lines 2007 "Anthem" commercial were filmed in Terminal A as well as the connector bridge between Terminal A and Central Parking.
In October 2009 US Airways announced it would close its Boston crew base in May 2010. The airline cited an "operations realignment" as the reason. Over 400 employees were transferred or terminated.
The Airbus A380 first landed at Logan International Airport for compatibility checks on February 8, 2010. On March 26, 2017, British Airways began flying the A380 to Logan, operating the aircraft three times per week. British Airways announced in October 2018, that A380 service to Boston would expand to daily frequency during the summer 2019 season, beginning on March 31, 2019. Likewise, in January 2019, Emirates announced that it would be deploying the A380 on its daily flight between Logan and Dubai during the June–September 2019 summer season, as high peak seasonal services replacing the B777-300ER on that route. Emirates intends to utilise the A380 as a daily service once the market demand has been achieved; Emirates has a codeshare agreement with JetBlue.
Logan International Airport has four lettered passenger terminals, A, B, C, and E, and 102 gate positions in total. With the exception of flights from destinations with U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance, inbound international flights arrive at Terminal E for customs screening since the other terminals do not have customs screening facilities. All terminals are connected by pre-security shuttle buses and by the SL1 branch of the MBTA Silver Line BRT, and Terminals A, B, and E via pre-security moving walkways. Moving walkways also connect the terminals to a central parking garage designed for consolidated service between all four terminals and the garage itself. Post-security connection between Terminals C and E is available.
Terminal A, which replaced a 1970s-era building once occupied by the now-defunct Eastern Air Lines (and later by its successor Continental Airlines until closed for demolition in 2002), opened to passengers on March 16, 2005. The terminal is primarily used by Delta for its hub operations and is divided into a main terminal and a satellite terminal, which are connected via an underground pedestrian tunnel under the ramp. The new redesigned Terminal A was developed under a special facility lease between Massachusetts Port Authority and Delta. On September 14, 2005, six months after opening, Delta filed for bankruptcy and consequently had to reduce the number of gates it leased. Terminal A features two Delta Sky Clubs. One is located on the third floor of the satellite building, and a newer one opened at the site of the former Continental Presidents Club in the main terminal building.
The building is the first airport terminal in the United States to be LEED certified for environmentally friendly design by the U.S. Green Building Council. Among the building's features are heat-reflecting roof and windows, low-flow faucets and waterless urinals, self-dimming lights and stormwater filtration.[unreliable source?]
In December 2018, Delta announced an expansion of routes to take effect in 2019, which resulted in Southwest moving to Terminal B, and Delta regaining all of Terminal A (other than one gate subleased to WestJet, itself a codeshare airline with Delta). As a result, Delta has declared Logan to be one of their hubs as of June 2019.
Terminal B, designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates and Desmond & Lord, Inc., opened in 1974. Pier B was completed for US Airways in 1974 and Pier A for American in 1975. The terminal remained largely unchanged until US Airways expanded its operations at Logan in 1979, and improvements designed by HNTB were constructed in 1980. From 1980 until 2000, numerous small projects including passenger seating area improvements, concessions expansions and passenger lounges were completed at both piers. American's facilities were renovated in 1995 and redesigned by Gresham, Smith & Partners, and US Airways' facilities were renovated in 1998 and 2000, and redesigned by URS Corporation with Turner Construction serving as the construction manager.
Until 2014, Terminal B was split into north and south buildings, with a parking garage between the two buildings. The gates of the south building are divided into three groups. The gates of the north building are divided into two groups. Air Canada, Alaska Airlines, American, Boutique Air, Southwest, Spirit, and United operate out of Terminal B. United and American both operate lounges in the terminal(those being the United Club and Admirals Club, respectively) for their customers.
Between 2012 and 2014, Terminal B underwent a $160 million renovation, which was completed in April 2014. It created a post-security walkway that connects Terminal B North to Terminal B South. The renovation also included 24 new ticket counter spots, eight new departure lounges, new concession space, and a new baggage carousel. United, formerly located in Terminals A and C, began operating all flights out of Terminal B effective April 2014.
Terminal C opened in 1967 and was designed by Perry, Shaw, Hepburn and Dean. It underwent renovations in 1987, 2002, and 2005. Continuing the renovations of Terminal C, a post-security connection between Terminal C and Terminal E opened in Summer 2016, allowing for seamless connections between the two terminals, part of Massport's plan to ultimately connect all terminals post-security. The terminal serves Aer Lingus, Cape Air, JetBlue as their operating base, with TAP Air Portugal only having departures take place out of the terminal.
The former Terminal D gates (the three gates at the north end of Terminal C) were renumbered and labeled as part of Terminal E in February 2006. These three gates were used, as part of Terminal E, by Southwest until their move to Terminal A. In 2016, following construction of an airside connector between Terminals E and C, these three gates were renumbered again.
Terminal E, also known as the John A. Volpe International Terminal named after the former Governor of Massachusetts and U.S. Secretary of Transportation, serves as the international terminal for Logan and therefore houses the majority of its international arrivals (excluding flights from an origin that has U.S. border preclearance). Also, most non-U.S. carriers excluding Aer Lingus, Air Canada, TAP Air Portugal, and WestJet depart from Terminal E. The terminal was completed in 1974, and designed by Kubitz & Papi, Inc. and Desmond & Lord, Inc. Massport completed the "Terminal E Modernization" project in August 1997 which improved the passenger facilities. The International Gateway Project, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and DMJM Aviation, added 410,000 square feet (38,000 m2) to the terminal in 2003, and the entire project was completed in 2008.
Terminal E has a total of 12 gates. All gates within the terminal are designated as common-use, meaning gates are assigned mostly based on an operational need, and no specific airline claims ownership of any of those gates. All ticket counters and gates in Terminal E are shared among the international carriers. Terminal E has several airline lounges (e.g., Air France Lounge, British Airways' First Lounge and Terraces Lounge, Lufthansa's First Lounge and Business Lounges, Virgin Atlantic's Clubhouse Lounge). The third level of Terminal E is used for departures, the second for passport control via U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and the ground level for arrivals and customs, also via U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Inspection Station located in Terminal E is capable of processing over 2,000 passengers per hour.
Terminal E underwent a $100 million renovation which started in 2014, and includes a post-security connector between Terminals E and C (opened summer 2016), improved immigration and passport control kiosks, and gates capable of serving the Airbus A380. The Terminal E expansion was completed in late January 2017.
In summer 2019, Massport began another expansion project on Terminal E, due to continued growth at the airport. The project, which is slated to be completed in early 2023, will include the addition of 7 new international gates with two jetways each (E13-E19) with all-new shops, restaurants and other passenger services which will stretch into the current North Cargo area, and the renovation of gates E10, E11 and E12 that will each have three jetways to properly accommodate A380s. Additionally, a new TSA checkpoint will be built and the current ticketing, customs, and baggage claim areas will all be expanded. In total, the project is expected to cost $680 million and incorporate roughly 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) of new space.
- Runway 4L/22R: 7,864 ft × 150 ft (2,397 m × 46 m)
- Runway 4R/22L: 10,006 ft × 150 ft (3,050 m × 46 m)
- Runway 9/27: 7,001 ft × 150 ft (2,134 m × 46 m)
- Runway 14/32: 5,000 ft × 100 ft (1,524 m × 30 m)
- Runway 15L/33R: 2,557 ft × 100 ft (779 m × 30 m)
- Runway 15R/33L: 10,083 ft × 150 ft (3,073 m × 46 m)
Additionally, the harbor to the south of the airport contains water Runway 14W/32W (3,000 ft × 1,000 ft (910 m × 300 m)); this runway, however, is not operated by Logan International Airport but is instead co-operated by two private seaplane bases (SPBs), Tailwind Boston SPB (FAA LID: MA17) and Cape Air Boston Harbor SPB (IATA: BNH, FAA LID: MA87).
Instrument landing system approaches are available for runways 4R, 15R, 22L, 27, and 33L, with runways 4R and 33L certified for CAT III operations. The other runways with ILS are certified for CAT I Instrument Landing operations. EMAS pads are located at the starting thresholds of runways 22R and 33L.
The distinctive central control tower, nearly a dozen stories high, is a local landmark with its pair of segmented elliptical pylons and a six-story platform trussed between them.
Logan Airport has two cargo facilities: North Cargo is adjacent to Terminal E and South Cargo adjacent to Terminals A and B. North Cargo is also the location of several maintenance hangars, including those operated by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and JetBlue.
Runway 14/32, which opened to air traffic on November 23, 2006, is unidirectional. Runway 32 is used for landings and 14 is used for takeoffs. Massport is barred by a court order from using the runway for overland landings or takeoffs, except in emergencies.
There was fierce opposition towards the construction of 14/32 among communities adjacent to the northwest side of the airport, such as Chelsea and East Boston, as authorities acknowledged these areas would likely see increased noise levels. Many Residents of Winthrop and Revere also joined in opposition, even though Massport had predicted the new traffic patterns allowed by 14/32 would actually reduce overflights and noise in those areas.
Since the opening of the new runway, there has been disagreement about when and how often it should operate. Residents have demanded a minimum of 11.5-knot (21.3 km/h) northwest winds, slightly higher than the 10-knot (19 km/h) threshold favored by Massport.
The rationale behind constructing the new runway 14/32 was that it reduces the need for improving existing Runway 15L/33R, which, at only 2,557 feet (779 m) is perhaps the shortest hard-surface runways at major airports in the United States. In 1988, Massport had proposed an 800-foot (240 m) extension to 15L/33R (a project which would have required additional filling-in some land along a "clam bed"), but was thwarted by a court injunction.[failed verification]
Boston's Hyatt Harborside Hotel, which sits only a few hundred yards from the runway threshold, was built primarily to prevent Massport from ever extending the length of 14/32 or using it for takeoffs or landings over the city. Massachusetts state legislators carefully chose the location of the hotel—directly in the runway centerline—prior to its construction in 1992.
Boston Logan International Airport has the accolade of "Easiest Airport to Get To" in a 2007 article on aviation.com because of the variety of options to and from the airport. These options include cars, taxis, the MBTA Blue and Silver lines, regional bus services, shared ride vans, ferries, limousines and an in-house airport operator (Massport) intercity bus common carrier, a service offered by few U.S. airports. The service, Logan Express, provides shuttle service to remote park and rides located at Back Bay, Braintree, Framingham, Peabody, and Woburn. Geographically, Logan is located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Back Bay, a short distance with respect to other airports similarly sized and metropolitan areas served.
Massport's Airport Shuttle provides free service between all terminals, the Airport station on the Blue Line and the Rental Car Center, as well as additional service to the water transportation dock located on Harborside Drive.
Ride Shares serve the airport via the central parking garage. Due to sheer volume of users who use the providers, both have been known to use mass-messaging of their customer base to galvanize political pressure and act on a pressure group towards Logan management at MassPort concerning various policies that can impact those providers.
The SL1 branch of the MBTA's Silver Line bus rapid transit service connects all Logan terminals with South Station, a major transportation hub in the downtown Boston financial district that serves MBTA Commuter Rail, Amtrak, Red Line subway and intercity bus. Airport station on the MBTA's Blue Line subway, despite its name, is not in the airport terminal itself; free shuttle buses carry passengers between the Airport station and the terminal buildings. The Blue Line connects with the Orange Line at State, which provides service to both North Station and Back Bay, the two other major rail transportation hubs for Boston. A transfer to the Green Line, which also runs to North Station, is available at Government Center station. The SL3 branch of the Silver Line connects Chelsea with the Airport Station. As of 2019, Massport is considering the construction of either an automated people-mover or rapid transit line to replace the airport shuttle.
A 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m2) $310 million rental car center opened on September 24, 2013, consolidating all rental car companies into one shared building. Advantage, Alamo, Avis, Budget, Dollar, Enterprise, E-Z Rent-A-Car, Hertz, National and Thrifty rental car companies operate out of the new facility which has 3,200 parking spaces across four levels. Access to the new facility is done through a new unified bus system consisting of 28 fuel efficient clean hybrid buses operated by Massport which provides service between all the terminals and the rental car center. A handful of livery-plate operators also service the airport offering various chauffeured car, van, or limousine for-hire offerings.
Police services are provided by the Massachusetts State Police Troop F. Fire protection is the responsibility of the Massport Fire Rescue. Even though the airport is technically within city limits, under Massachusetts state law municipal police such as the Boston Police Department do not have jurisdiction on Massport property.
A 250-foot security zone, established in 2002, surrounds the waters around the airport which are marked by 29 buoys indicating the restricted area. The area is patrolled by the Massachusetts State Police, the Boston Police Department, the Massachusetts Environmental Police, the United States Coast Guard and the Boston and Winthrop Harbormasters. Anyone who enters the zone for non-emergency purposes is subject to prosecution and is entered into a State Police database that tracks offenders.
Currently, major air cargo companies such as British Airways World Cargo, Lufthansa Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, Martinair Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo and many more cargo carriers have cargo offices on Airport property. Also, American Airlines, Delta and JetBlue have maintenance hangars at the airport, all located adjacent to the office building near Terminal E and the North Cargo Terminal. Delta TechOps is Delta Air Lines primary maintenance, repair and overhaul arm.
Also located on the property is the Amelia Earhart General Aviation Terminal which is located near Runway 14/32 and next to the Massport Fire Rescue headquarters. The terminal was built in 1980, and dedicated to former Boston resident Earhart in 1984. Until 2006, American Eagle flights flew out of the terminal when all flights were consolidated in the former B22-29 gates in Pier A, the north building of Terminal B. Passengers had to take a shuttle bus from Terminal B to the Earhart Terminal. The terminal currently sits mostly unused.
Terminal C is home to the airport's chapel, Our Lady of the Airways. Opened in 1951, it is considered the first airport chapel in the United States. The chapel was originally Catholic, but is now non-denominational.
Airlines and destinationsEdit
Logan Airport is a medium-sized airport in terms of cargo, handling 684,875 tons of freight in 2012, making it the 10th busiest airport in the U.S. in terms of cargo. It handles many U.S.-based cargo airlines, including DHL Aviation, FedEx Express and UPS Airlines. It also has cargo offices for many international cargo carriers, including British Airways World Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo, LATAM Cargo Chile and Saudia Cargo. It has two cargo complexes: the North Cargo Terminal, located near Terminal E, and South Cargo, located near Terminal A. Given that the airport is the 10th busiest cargo facility in the country, with many companies operating at the airport, it has been recognized that future expansion of cargo from Logan is limited due to constrained physical space for expansion.
|FedEx Express||Greensboro, Indianapolis, Memphis, Newark|
|UPS Airlines||Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Louisville, Philadelphia|
|1||Orlando, Florida||462,000||Delta, Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit, United|
|2||Fort Lauderdale, Florida||406,000||Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit, United|
|3||Atlanta, Georgia||389,000||Delta, JetBlue, Spirit|
|4||Miami, Florida||370,000||American, Delta, Frontier, JetBlue|
|5||Charlotte, North Carolina||346,000||American, Delta, JetBlue|
|6||Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois||321,000||American, Delta, JetBlue, Spirit, United|
|7||Los Angeles, California||300,000||Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue, United|
|8||Denver, Colorado||274,000||Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, United|
|9||Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas||241,000||American, JetBlue|
|10||Washington–National, D.C.||233,000||American, Delta, JetBlue|
|1||London–Heathrow, United Kingdom||953,216||British Airways, Delta Air Lines, Virgin Atlantic|
|2||Toronto–Pearson, Canada||460,533||Air Canada, WestJet|
|3||Dublin, Ireland||454,970||Aer Lingus, Delta Air Lines|
|4||Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France||436,136||Air France, Delta Air Lines, Norwegian Air Shuttle|
|5||Amsterdam, Netherlands||327,436||Delta Air Lines, KLM|
|6||Istanbul, Turkey||312,876||Turkish Airlines|
|8||Dubai–International, United Arab Emirates||261,351||Emirates|
|9||Oranjestad, Aruba||220,886||Delta, JetBlue|
|10||London–Gatwick, United Kingdom||220,441||Norwegian Air Shuttle|
|3||Delta Air Lines||1,422,000||15.24%|
|Passengers||Change from previous year||Aircraft operations||Total cargo|
(freight, express, & mail)
Accidents and incidentsEdit
- On June 5, 1930, A Colonial Air Transport Ford Trimotor bound for New York went nose down after takeoff and crashed into the sea. The aircraft came to rest in seven feet (2.1 m) of water. One passenger died out of the 13 passengers and two crew.
- On October 4, 1960, Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a Lockheed L-188 Electra crashed into the sea while attempting to take off from Logan Airport. Sixty-two people died and ten people survived, incurring serious injuries.
- On November 15, 1961, A Vickers Viscount N6592C of Northeast Airlines was written off when it collided with a Douglas DC-6 N8228H of National Airlines after landing at Logan International Airport. The DC-6 had started to take off without receiving clearance to do so.
- On March 10, 1964, a Slick Airways DC-4 crashed 1.3 mi (2.1 km) southwest of Logan while on final approach. All three occupants were killed. Loss of control due to accumulation of ice on the horizontal stabilizer, causing the aircraft to pitch down, was the probable cause.
- On July 31, 1973, Delta Air Lines Flight 723, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, crashed into the seawall, causing the deaths of all 83 passengers and 6 crew members on board. One of the passengers initially survived the accident but later died in a hospital.
- On November 3, 1973, Pan Am Flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft, crashed on approach to Boston-Logan. Smoke in the cockpit caused the pilots to lose control. All three crewmembers died in the accident.
- On December 17, 1973, Iberia Airlines Flight 933 from Madrid Barajas International Airport collided with the ALS system 500 feet (150 m) short of the runway threshold, critically damaging the front landing gear and causing it to collapse. The aircraft came to a rest 300 feet (91 m) short of the runway. All 168 onboard survived; however, the aircraft was written off and was the first hull loss of a DC-10.
- On January 23, 1982, World Airways Flight 30H from Newark to Boston made a non-precision instrument approach to runway 15R and touched down 2,800 feet (850 m) past the displaced threshold on an icy runway. When the crew sensed that the DC-10-30-CF couldn't be stopped on the remaining runway, they steered the DC-10 off the side of the runway to avoid the approach light pier, and slid into the shallow water of Boston Harbor. The nose section separated as the DC-10 came to rest 250 feet (76 m) past the runway end, 110 feet (34 m) left of the extended centerline. Two passengers (a father and son) were never found and are presumed to have been swept out to sea.
- On October 2, 1954, a Massachusetts Air National Guard F94 Starfire experienced engine failure and crashed near Logan Airport. Its pilot, First Lieutenant James O. Conway, sacrificed his life by veering the plane into an embankment on Bayswater Street in East Boston. A memorial was placed nearby.
- On July 2, 1976, an unoccupied Eastern Airlines L-188 Electra parked at Boston Logan Airport was destroyed by a bomb planted in the landing gear compartment. No one was injured.
- On September 17, 1979, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 with the registration C-FTLU operating as Air Canada Flight 680 left Boston for Yarmouth, NS. 14 minutes after taking off from Logan, the entire tailcone section of the aircraft separated resulting in rapid decompression at an altitude of 25,000 feet (7,600 m) and leaving a large hole in the rear fuselage. A beverage cart and other items in the cabin were sucked out of the aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean, but there were no fatalities or significant injuries. The aircraft safely returned to Boston without further incident. Fatigue cracks were determined to be the cause. Four years later, this same aircraft would be destroyed by a fire on June 2, 1983 as Air Canada Flight 797.
- On September 11, 2001, two Los Angeles-bound flights, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, which were hijacked in the September 11 attacks and flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, ultimately leading to their destruction, originated at and departed from Logan Airport. American flags now fly over gates B32 and C19, the respective gates that the two planes pushed back from on this day. Under political pressure, acting Governor Jane Swift forced the CEO of Massport to resign, but it was later determined that the failure had been with the airline security checkpoint policy of allowing small knives, and not anything to do with Logan management.
- On June 9, 2005, US Airways Flight 1170 and Aer Lingus Flight 132 narrowly avoided collision when they were cleared for takeoff nearly simultaneously on intersecting runways by two different controllers. The crew of the US Airways flight spotted the oncoming Aer Lingus jet and avoided a collision by keeping their own aircraft on the runway past their normal rotation point, allowing the Aer Lingus flight to pass over them. Both flights lifted off safely and continued to their destinations without further incident.
- On January 7, 2013, ground crew workers noticed smoke coming out from the battery compartment in a parked Japan Airlines Boeing 787 Dreamliner at the gate. This fire was caused by overcharged lithium-ion batteries, eventually leading to the grounding of the worldwide Boeing 787 fleet and subsequent redesign of the battery systems.
The two historically known alternative airports to Logan are both located outside the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Manchester–Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire, is located approximately 56 statute miles (90 km) north-northwest of Logan, an average drive time of 62 minutes via I-90 and I-93. T. F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, is located 60 statute miles (97 km) south-southwest of Logan, averaging 76 minutes from Logan via I-90, I-93, and I-95, or a 100-minute ride via the Silver Line SL1 bus to South Station and then the Providence/Stoughton Line commuter rail to T. F. Green Airport station. Massport does not operate these facilities.
Massport does operate Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, Massachusetts, which also serves as an alternative to Logan, although not widely known as such. In late 2017, the airport finished construction on a Category IIIb Landing System that would allow for arrivals and departures in virtually all weather conditions. The increased reliability, which has been the main concern for airlines operating at the notoriously foggy airport over the years, was expected to draw additional service. The airport is located 47 statute miles (76 km) due west of Logan, primarily accessed via Interstates I-90 and I-290.
- Airports in Massachusetts
- Airports in the Boston area
- Busiest airports in the United States by both domestic and international passengers
- Busiest airports in the United States by total passenger boardings
- Class B airports in the United States
- List of international airports by country
- September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
- US busiest airports by international passenger traffic
- World War II Army Airfields in Massachusetts
- World's busiest airports by cargo traffic
- World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic
- World's busiest airports by passenger traffic
- World's busiest airports by traffic movements
- Boston-Logan International Airport: Monthly Airport Traffic Summary - December 2017 (PDF) (Report). Massachusetts Port Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 9, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- FAA Airport Form 5010 for BOS PDF. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
- "Airport Statistics". Massport. 2020. Archived from the original on May 29, 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- About Logan International Airport (BOS) Archived July 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Massport.com
- "An Act Providing for the Development, Enlargement, Extension, Development, Construction, Alteration and Operation of the Commonwealth Airport – Boston, So Called, and Providing Further For Ease-ments, Roads, highways, Approaches, and Means of Access By Railroad or Otherwise in Connection Therewith, Acts (1943) Chapter 528, (Section 8)" (PDF). Massachusetts General Court. June 12, 1943. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
- "An Act Changing The Name of the General Edward Lawrence Logan Airport, Acts (1954) Chapter 361" (PDF). Massachusetts General Court. April 29, 1954. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
- Johnston Chase, Katie (May 27, 2011). "Japan Airlines Sets Hub-Tokyo Service". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
- "Investor Brouchure" (PDF). s1.q4cdn.com. 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
- "JetBlue Airways – Press Releases" (Press release). JetBlue. August 10, 2011. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
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|Lt. General Edward Logan Statue Dedication at Logan Airport on May 20, 1956, an 8mm amateur film by one John L. Kelly of East Boston|
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Logan International Airport.|
|Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Boston Logan International Airport.|
- Official website
- Logan International Airport on Facebook
- Terminal Map of Logan International Airport
- "Airport Wayfinder: Boston Logan". airportwayfinder.com. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
- Noise Complaints
- FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective December 30, 2021
- Resources for this airport:


text:
Holland lops are a compact dwarf breed generally in the 4lb area. They have remarkable character, making them ideal for pets and for showing. Their large color options also make them a unique breed to work with. Their unique lop ears in a smaller size rabbit make them ideal for most any home or apartment. They possess in most all cases a playful and highly expressed character that isn't found in some of the other breeds. For a first time pet owner, we recommend these guys or the slightly larger mini lop or mini rex for first time owners. As with any breed, there are exceptions to the rule, but in general the holland lop has been a easy choice in what we look for in the personality of our pets.
Holland lops were being developed in Europe after World War II. The rabbits used initially were netherland dwarfs and french lops but with little success. However, with importing the english lop into the mix, success was reached after several litters and the smaller lop version was created around 1964. These lops were further reduced from the initial 6lbs to the 4lb standard we see today. Holland lops were brought to the U.S. and quickly adopted into the ARBA at that time.
Downfalls to the breed are struggles in some ways with breeding, albeit, some of this problem is related to breeding practices. Smaller litter numbers, and higher failure rates can at times make them rather challenging breed to work with, however, there is still many ways to overcome the challenges by using the proper pairings to continue this dwarf breed's exposure.
Just like their smaller sized counterparts in holland lops, the larger mini lop is also a welcome fun pet for most any first time rabbit owner. They possess most of the same qualities of personality that a holland does but range a couple pounds higher in the spectrum of lops. They run and play in the same ways, and they enjoy manipulating objects or tossing them around in the play area. We have found several and own many that are so relaxed that they fall asleep around our neck, or watching tv on our laps. Feed costs are slightly higher due to the overall medium size, but not incredibly much if properly rationed pellets and ample hay is provided.
The history of lop eared rabbits goes back several hundred years, as far back as 1100 A.D. One rabbit that was developed early on was the German lop in Germany around WWII. The development of this lop was to focus on the size for meat production. As time went forward, the need for space created a situation for the development of smaller rabbits. Soon after, the Klein Widder was created in 1957 in Germany. The Klein Widder was a smaller version of the German Lop and in 1964, the lops were developed and shown. In 1972, an American breeder took notice of the few that had been successfully created and brought a few back to America with hopes of expanding the color scheme and numbers. Work continued through the 1970's, however, not much interest were given to the new breed, and so the name was changed to mini lop in 1978. The new breed was given away to breeders around the nation after several conventions with the ARBA, and was fully recognized in 1980.
Downfalls to the breed, is that many think that mini lops are the same as their smaller counterparts in Hollands. Mini lops are a little bigger by a few pounds, and those that dislike being picked up will certainly be stronger and be more capable of scratched armes and the such. However, given all those things, they are still in general very wonderful rabbits, and the breed is one we really adore.
Netherland dwarf is an interesting and lucky breed that has an abundance of colors available.. The dwarf rabbits were built on polish rabbit stock in the early 1900's. Additional development took place in Germany, England, and Holland. After surviving two world wars, only 17 netherland dwarf rabbits remained in Europe. To boost numbers and the range of colors, they were bred with wild rabbits. This is what gave the cause for concern as the wilder and more high strung tendencies of the the breed became more expressed. Today, we still see that on occassion easily expressed under stressed conditions of some netherland dwarf rabbits making them a more challenging rabbit for any rabbit owner.
In the late 60's and 70's, they were imported to north america, and the breed was continuing to grow in popularity and were accepted into the ARBA in 1970. The Netherland dwarf breed has seen strong success, and over time, the aggressiveness and feisty nature is slowly being diminished. However, for most rabbit savvy owners, it's relatively easy with experience in handling, etc. They make great pets, especially with those with rabbit handling experience. There are several that you can find that are adorable, sweet, and not as feisty.
Downfalls to the breed are providing a good environment for them. As in most breeds, a place for them free of stress or natural prey animal threats will have the best responses. The Netherland Dwarf breed has a bad reputation, either from literature or from word of mouth about being aggressive. However, we have found this to be false and the have found they are no different than other breeds with concern to behavior response. Other challenges within the breed are all with regards to breeding/kindling. There very small litter sizes 2-3 on average makes them longer term projects. In many cases, double dwarf genes are present, as well as, known Max Factor genetics can be an issue. This causes at times partial or even full litter failures.

domain: pet


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MOSCOW, August 21 (RIA Novosti) – The Russian government’s international radio broadcasting service Golos Rossii (Voice of Russia) will stop its shortwave broadcasts from January 1 next year, the Digit.ru online journal reported Wednesday.
The shortwave service is closing “due to funding cuts,” Voice of Russia deputy director Natalya Zhmai said in a letter dated August 15 to Andrei Romanchenko, head of the Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network (RTRBN), the journal said.
Monday, August 26, 2013
V. of Russia Going Dark January 1st
From RIA Novosti:
Posted by BlogAdmin at 13:17

domain: news


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finally made it to our compound in honduras! it’s surprisingly really nice and at a pretty high altitude which means less bugs (always a plus…). the weather was gorgeous when we first got off the plane but it has since gotten more cloudy. but still, much warmer than boston!
we also have internet which is exciting. but my friends and i have decided to try and limit ourselves to just checking email once a day. but i’m glad i can blog! more updates to come! (:

domain: geography


text:
Facebook has been the part of every Singaporean’s life from its onset. Many people are drawn to Facebook because of its appeal. Getting connected these days is not that hard and coping up to happenings are no trouble at all. Some even think that Facebook is a gift to humanity. But is it really a gift or otherwise?
It will only be a curse if we let Facebook take over our lives. We hear news that Facebook can get addicting. Well, anything can be addicting if we yield to it. There is a Dutch project called 99 Days of Freedom that studied the effects of Facebook and released the top five warning signs of getting addicted to Facebook. The project has seen more than forty thousand people who attempted to quit Facebook.
According to the founder of 99 Days of Freedom, not using Facebook is liberating. Now we cannot totally abolish Facebook in our lives but we can limit its use so it does not interfere in our daily lives. The good news is that after the survey, the participants feel slightly happier and in fact, about 25% gave up Facebook for good.
For those who kept their Facebook accounts, they said that they are missing out on something important. The researchers partnered with Cornell University to comprehend why many users find it difficult to give up Facebook. The researchers also collaborated with Universiteit Amsterdam and Leiden University.
The researchers revealed the warning signs of getting addicted to Facebook:
- Thinking that Facebook is a tool to control our image: Facebook is a platform to express one’s feelings but if we constantly check it and ensure that our “good image” is maintained, then it has become a mental illness. There are people who use Facebook to present a privileged lifestyle and good-looking pictures. It is tempting to want to show the world of the “sunnier” side but then we may find it harder to give up. It discourages us to be real.
- Using Facebook or other social media sites: If it is just Facebook, it would be harder to let go but if there are other social media that we can scan, there is a possibility to stay out of Facebook for good. There are many social media sites aside from Facebook like Twitter and Instagram. There are those who think that substitution is not a good solution or effective answer to slay the addiction but it is a start.
- Feeling that we might actually be addicted to Facebook: Whenever we think that our urges are uncontrollable, the brain sends message that we might actually be addicted to something. In this case, we already know that we are leaning to the addiction but still pursue it regardless. Research found out that for people who felt that they are addicted to Facebook are likely to go back using it.
- Feelings of unhappiness: For the first few days of logging out, there is an unpleasant feeling. That is understandable and quite normal actually. The research found out that people who felt less happy during the course of the study are included to use Facebook again. Ironically, those who made it to 99 days without Facebook felt a lot happier than those who gave up.
- Not worrying about privacy: If we do not care about our privacy, Facebook is the place for all types of stalking. For participants who are aware that Facebook can use everything they posted as a tool for ‘spying’, they felt less interest in going back to the site.
Addiction is not something that should be ignored. Though getting addicted to Facebook is somehow absurd (for others), it is important that we should know when to get help and not wait for it to fully control or interfere our lives. There are many therapists across the country if that is the concern. For starters, we can look for ways to minimize our exposure to Facebook or any other social media.
We can finally take that vacation, talk with our friends directly and go on a hike. If that is not enough, there are plenty of activities that we can consider that can encourage personal interaction. At the end of the day, Facebook should not destroy relationships or self-value but the other way around.

domain: sociology


text:
HOUSTON -- Matthew Shoemaker held baseball's hottest offense in check for seven innings and was backed by a 13-hit attack as the Angels rolled to a 9-4 win over the first-place Astros on Friday night in the series opener at Minute Maid Park.
The Astros, who averaged 8.5 runs per game on their road trip that ended on Thursday, and had scored at least five runs in 12 consecutive games, were held to seven hits and four runs by Shoemaker (6-3). Astros third baseman Alex Bregman tagged Shoemaker for a two-run homer in the seventh to cut the lead to 8-4 and extend Houston's streak of consecutive games with a homer to 17, one shy of the club record.
"It went pretty well," Shoemaker said of his outing. "[Catcher Martin Maldonado] was great back there. We executed a lot of our pitches. … I did make one mistake in the seventh and paid for it. But the defense made some great plays behind us. The offense was great, it picked us up. Great team win."
Kole Calhoun drove in three runs and Cameron Maybin, who was activated from the disabled list and plugged into the starting lineup, had three hits, four runs and stole a career-high four bases -- matching a franchise record -- as the Angels pounced on Astros starter Brad Peacock (3-1) for four runs and seven hits in three innings.
The Astros called on Francis Martes, ranked as the club's No. 1 prospect by MLBPipeline.com, to make his MLB debut and help out a weary bullpen. Martes logged 78 pitches from the fifth until the eighth inning, struck out two, walked two, and allowed four hits and four earned runs.
"It was not our night on the mound," Astros manager A.J. Hinch said. "We had close to eight or nine free bases in some capacity, and it felt like they had somebody on base for every inning. They put a lot of pressure on us. We didn't execute the pitches we needed to and they took advantage of it. They had traffic all the time. They came up with some big hits. There was never really a comfortable inning."
MOMENTS THAT MATTERED
Kole driven: After managing to score just one run in the first despite three hits and three walks off Peacock, the Angels were more opportunistic in the second. Calhoun's two-run single scored Danny Espinosa and Maybin for a 3-0 lead. Jose Pujols grounded into a double play immediately following Calhoun's at-bat.
Caught off guard: The Astros rallied against Shoemaker in the second, loading the bases after one-out singles by Brian McCann and Marwin Gonzalez, and a walk to Bregman. McCann scored on Norichika Aoki's grounder, but the Astros ran themselves out of the inning. Jake Marisnick followed with an infield RBI single to shortstop Andrelton Simmons, but Bregman made the final out when he overran third base.
"In a game like this it doesn't feel very good, because we were getting our way back into that game," Hinch said. "It looked like [Bregman] was late picking up [third-base coach] Gary [Pettis]. Gary was holding him. From every angle, outside of Bregman, who was running away from the ball, you could see that Simmons was going to make the play. He's trying to get a good break with two outs and take a good turn. … When you're behind and working your way back, it was a bad mistake."
"I wish he would have spent one more day on the DL, to be honest." -- Hinch, on Maybin
UPON FURTHER REVIEW
In the second, the Angels challenged Peacock's pickoff of Eric Young at second base for the first out of the inning, but the call was ruled to stand.
Angels: Right-hander Ricky Nolasco (2-6, 5.05 ERA) will take the mound on Saturday in the middle game of the series at 1:10 p.m. PT. Nolasco is 7-1 with a 3.75 ERA in 10 career starts against the Astros.
Astros: Right-hander Mike Fiers (3-2, 4.84) will get the ball on Saturday at 3:10 p.m. CT against the Angels at Minute Maid Park. Fiers won his previous two starts, allowing four earned runs -- and no home runs -- in 11 innings. He allowed 18 homers in his first nine starts.
Watch every out-of-market regular-season game live on MLB.TV.


This is a selection of recent appearances by Lisa Mensah, the President and CEO of Opportunity Finance Network (OFN).
Lisa Mensah — president and CEO of Opportunity Finance Network — was invited to speak during the U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business & Entrepreneurship's hearing, "The Paycheck Protection Program: Performance, Impact, and Next Steps."
Lisa Mensah, president and CEO of Opportunity Finance Network, discusses economic and community development finance institutions (CDFIs), finance justice, and ways the Biden-Harris Administration can support CDFIs to "finance hope" and help struggling communities build back stronger.
In this webinar, Shena Ashley of Urban Institute, Melanie Audette of Mission Investors Exchange, Lisa Mensah of Opportunity Finance Network, and Fran Seegull of The U.S. Impact Investing Alliance will reveal public policy recommendations that can best leverage private capital for public good, and the roles foundations can take to advance these policies for a just and equitable recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Watch what OFN President and CEO, Lisa Mensah, and three other national CDFI leaders have to say about how a renewed focus on racial equity is changing their work, the practice of community development, and the public policy agenda.
This recap from The Atlantic's roundtable held in November 2020, and underwritten by Google, features insights from OFN President and CEO Lisa Mensah, along with academic leaders, policymakers, and economic experts from across the nation.
OFN President and CEO, Lisa Mensah joined the "What Does It Profit?" podcast to discuss the role of money and CDFIs in fighting for justice in the U.S. and the unlikely partners that can play a crucial part in bringing about a brighter future for underestimated communities.
OFN President and CEO Lisa Mensah welcomes participants to OFN’s annual conference and talks about the long march to finance justice.
Episode one of a podcast series from Arizent that examines institutional barriers as well as racist practices in the financial sector and ways to overcome or eliminate these system problems.
Ending redlining: how minority banks and community development financial institutions can ensure equitable recovery for the black community.
OFN President and CEO Lisa Mensah joins other panelists for a virtual event hosted by Forbes.


text:
Background We sought to determine if pooled nucleic acid testing (pNAT) for HIV RNA would identify early HIV infections in stored samples collected in 2008 from Edmonton (Canada) patients who were: (1) Seronegative for HIV antibody (HIVAb-) at the STI clinic, and (2) Seropositive for syphilis (syphAb+) with no history of a positive HIV test.
Methods Using data from the Provincial Laboratory and STI clinic, an anonymized dataset with the last HIVAb- (HIVGO1/2, Abbott, AxSym +/- Western Blot) (STI clinic patients) or first syphAb+ (Architect, Abbott +/- RPR & Innolia) was constructed with: (1) All patients: age, gender, date of testing, N. gonorrhoea (NG) and C. trachomatis co-infection within 30 days of HIV/syphilis test, infectious syphilis stage, and HIV testing as of Dec 2010 and (2) STI clinic patients only: syphilis test results within 30 days of their HIVAb- test. Patients remaining HIVAb- > 180 days after the sample receipt date were excluded from HIV pNAT. The remaining samples were divided into SyphAb+ and SyphAb-subsets. Pools of 25 samples were tested using the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test (pNAT). Positive pools were broken down to identify positive individuals. Percentage calculations were based on patients with pNAT.
Results 7954 HIVAb- patients were eligible. Of these, 2237 were retested and were HIVAb- > 180 days; 216 (10%) of this subset were SyphAb+. 5441 (95%) of the remaining patients had samples available for pNAT: 5001 were SyphAb-, 331 were SyphAb+, and 109 had no syphilis testing. Four SyphAb+ patients (0.07% of all, 1.2% of SyphAb+), all seen at STI clinic, had detectable HIV RNA using pNAT; one patient had Early Latent Syphilis and positive NG culture.
Conclusions pNAT testing can be used to identify acute HIV infections in high risk populations. Patients with positive syphilis serology may be an important subset for this approach.
- HIV NAAT
Statistics from Altmetric.com
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domain: health


text:
(CNN) — The presidency of Donald Trump is in its final chaotic spiral. But even with the end so near, every hour seems to bring a new threat to America’s fragile democracy.
With less than two weeks left for President-elect Joe Biden to take office, the nation is nervous, unsure whether Trump will incite another round of violence or will simply continue, petulantly, looking for means to complain about the Twitter’s decision to sanction him. Recognizing the instability, the vice president Mike Pence did not rule out an effort to invoke Amendment 25a source close to the vice president told CNN on Saturday night. The relationship between Trump and Pence is fractured: They haven’t spoken since Wednesday, when a violent mob stormed the Capitol, and the president never bothered to verify Pence’s safety.
The insurrection put the country at a crossroads. House Democrats could launch a new round of impeachment proceedings this week, this time over Trump’s role in inciting the deadly riot. If they go ahead, Republicans could face a public test of their loyalty again. The fact that so few seem willing to speak out forcefully, let alone commit to taking action against the president, suggests that the siege of the Capitol is less likely to have marked the bloody end of Trumpism than the opening of a more dangerous chapter.
The “paranoid style in American politics,” as described historian Richard Hofstadter almost 60 years ago is nothing new. However, under Trump and through new organizational channels on social media, has further radicalized the modern Republican Party and has steadily moved from the fringes to the center of political power in Washington and state capitals across the country, which again saw angry clashes this week.
Since their golden bubble, top Republicans have had mixed convictions, mostly centered on Trump and his main allies in the electoral college maneuver, Senators Ted Cruz of Texas and Josh Hawley de Missouri, with a familiar refrain: that any meaningful reprimand to this horrific display would only serve to “politicize” it and “further divide” the country. Many Republicans said that Trump’s impeachment plans and even the president’s Twitter account move should be viewed as political tactics rather than rational and overdue measures to combat a vicious attack on democracy.
But those who deny the scope of the threat were stripped of their fig leaves, or delusions, on Wednesday, sparking a nerve-racking rush until January 20, when Pence, but not Trump, will attend the inauguration from President-elect Joe Biden.
Republicans haven’t strayed too far from Trump
But if Pence, in his bid to keep Trump in the game until then, has a great deal of support from his former colleagues on Capitol Hill, he will be disappointed. Shortly before CNN reported that the vice president is keeping the 25th Amendment on the table, Texas Rep. Kevin Brady rejected it, along with any move toward impeachment, and suggested, ridiculously, that doing so was no different from Trump’s goads. .
“Those calling for impeachment or invoking the 25th Amendment in response to President Trump’s rhetoric this week are engaging in immoderate and inflammatory language,” Brady tweeted, “and calling for actions that are equally irresponsible and that may well incite more. violence”.
Meanwhile, Hawley, who is seeking to take over Trump’s move to realize his own ambitions, has spent more time lamenting on Twitter about a canceled book deal than addressing his role in Wednesday’s siege. Cruz also shirked his responsibility and even made the comically implausible argument that, in fact, he has been a constant critic of the president. The Republican leadership has been mostly calm, following motions to condemn the violence while refusing to endorse any meaningful action in response.
The party rank and file have shown little inclination to break with Trump. On Friday, Republican National Commission Chair Ronna McDaniel, a Trump loyalist who has been careful not to completely break with the president, was reelected to her post despite the Republican Party losing control of the House in 2018. , the White House in 2020 and the Senate in 2021.
Even retired Sen. Pat Toomey, Republican of Pennsylvania, who criticized the effort to change the Electoral College count and told Fox News Saturday that Trump has “committed objectionable crimes«He resisted going ahead with the process.
“I don’t know if logistically it’s really possible or practical and I’m not sure it’s desirable to try to expel him, a day or two or three before the day it will end, anyway,” Toomey said. “So I am not sure that it is the best way forward.”
The refusal of Congressional Republicans to have a meaningful conversation about what’s next has left Democrats responsible for charting the way forward. But they have their own political weights to balance.
Biden has shown little enthusiasm for impeachment, knowing that a Senate trial would suck the oxygen out of his early days in office and give Republicans a high-profile forum to argue that his calls for unity and his commitment to chilling partisan passions were empty words.
“I’m focused on the virus, the vaccine and economic growth,” Biden said when asked about impeachment on Friday. “What Congress decides to do is up to them. But I’m going to have to do it and they are going to have to be ready to start working.
Preparing for what is to come
The political calculations now being consumed by the leaders of both parties are developed in the context of more imminent threats. Safety concerns ahead of Biden’s inauguration on January 20 are growing. The talk on right-wing and pro-Trump social media forums has grown increasingly virulent, and it’s unclear whether the president, even if he wanted to, could control it.
John Scott-Railton, principal investigator at the University of Toronto’s Citizen Lab, told CNN that his group looks at evidence that the inauguration could become another flash point.
“While the general public was appalled by what happened (on Wednesday) on Capitol Hill, in certain corners of the right-wing type of conversation, what happened,” he said, “is considered a success.”
After the failure to protect the Capitol last week, there is new concern from some Democrats that the safety of Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris could be compromised. Even a short poll of the best-known right-wing and pro-Trump online hubs makes clear the seriousness of the threat – one that, for too long, has been dismissed as anonymous bragging.
Concerns about future violence extend beyond the Capitol and its immediate surroundings. American and United Airlines, with the support of two flight attendant unions, have taken steps to strengthen safety in the air and on the ground. Both carriers have increased staffing at Washington area airports, which will also see Capitol Police deployments prior to the inauguration, and American has ended alcohol service on flights in and out of the region.
Members of Congress will be given increased security, in a coordinated effort by the Capitol Police, the Office of the Sergeant at Arms and the U.S. Marshals Service, as they travel through airports after several senators, including Republican from South Carolina Lindsey Graham – who broke up with the president last week – were harassed by other travelers.
In Congress, Democratic lawmakers are beginning to consider their options, understanding that were it not for the brutal clumsiness of the insurgents and the actions of some members of the Capitol police force, the death toll could have been far worse. Some have started planting the seeds for an in-depth review of security on Capitol Hill, examining not just the logistics, but also the composition of the staff tasked with protecting them.
New York Rep. Jamaal Bowman will draft legislation that would form a commission to investigate the Capitol Police, which in some cases have been accused of withdrawing too easily or even welcoming, as in the case of an agent who appeared to be pose for a selfie with an insurgent during the siege of the building on Wednesday.
“Why could a fascist and supremacist mob overwhelm the Capitol police? Are there links between the supremacists who launched that attack and members of the police force? ”Bowman tweeted. “We need answers.”
Rep. Grace Meng, a member of the House Appropriations Committee, also from New York, publicly endorsed the legislation and the leadership of the Democratic commission, highlighting its role in funding the force, said in a statement that ” the rape of the Capitol raises serious questions about what the police did and what they should have done differently.
Democrats also praised the bravery of some officers, including Brian Sicknick, who died, according to officials, “from injuries sustained while on duty.”
The federal prosecutor’s office plans a federal murder investigation in connection with his death, a law enforcement source told CNN on Friday.
Trump has not personally commented on his death.
George is Digismak’s reported cum editor with 13 years of experience in Journalism

domain: politics


text:
January 2016, I’m in my last semester of my under graduation. I religiously studied for my every examination. Since my childhood I’ve had different dreams in my small 20years old life but all in all I knew I need to achieve something big but every time I have had a very big question in my mind WHAT?
Putting DR. as a tittle in front of my name was my all time teenager dream but after series of several questions to myself. I realized that assuming this tittle won’t bring the ‘satisfaction in disguise’ out of my existence! And then I decided to move on further and broader my horizon. Recently in one of my class, my professor asked one basic and simple question from us ‘What do you guys want to become after your graduation’?
It was 3:00 pm, room number 104.
Student X- I want to become a teacher just like you.
There were a lot of sycophants who were busy in their sycophancy. And then the question was on me.
Professor- You! What’re your dreams signora Awasthi?
Me- I dream of something which you people would find very mere and perhaps, funny.
Professor- Ah! So let’s have a good laugh then?
-whole class burst into laughter- (That’s sycophancy of the students. Laughing on lame PJ of teachers. 😛 )
Me- Well, here it is then; I dream of my days to start with optimism and end with a hope to live for another day, I dream of an aura, ambience which will emit the liveliness , thrill and zest in this 70years old life. I dream of those day when my fluid thoughts forming crystal clear sentences with fully decorated on a piece on a pulp of wood. I dream of a room full of history of my future past. I dream of my face without any frown. I dream of a love which will elevate me and will take me beyond my human constraints. I dream of a house amidst sky, water, air, burning fire of love and compatible souls.
Professor- Nice try. But what exactly you aspire to become?
Me- Nothing. Just a writer.
And the tick of the clock made a sound and the ring rang which was a signal of Time out.
This conversation with my professor left a very deep impression in my mind and somehow is helping me to determine my goal every day and with every intake of O2!

domain: psychology


text: The Chicago-based, country-pop band Jump ‘n the Saddle earned their footnote in the history of pop music history if they scored popular with “The Curley Shuffle.” Led by vocalist Peter Quinn, the group was curved out by guitarists T.C. Furlong and Barney Schwartz, saxophonist Tom “Sneakers” Trinka, bassist Affluent Gorley, and drummer Vincent Dee. It had been Quinn who had written the tongue-in-cheek tribute towards the Three Stooges. The music became an area strike in 1983 and, by early 1984, “The Curley Shuffle” have been re-released by Atlantic Information and climbed to quantity 15 nationally. Remaining accurate to the profession arcs of all works whose notoriety was because of a novelty, “The Curley Shuffle” was Leap ‘n the Saddle’s quarter-hour in the limelight and they quickly fell from the radar. The group was still executing locally nearly twenty years after their clean with popularity, with Quinn also an associate of Chicago blues music group Neglect Towne & the Greyhounds.

domain: artistic


text:
Microchip Number For Each Animal Advertised: 956000014678632
Registered Breeder Number: EE244494
Beautiful, calm, friendly white husky. She is great with children and other dogs. Would be a great family dog. Fully vaccinated.
Price is negotiable
She comes with a crate, bowls, collar, lead, harness and flea and worm tablet. All you need to get started 😊
Unfortunately no fault of her own are other dog is not wanting to share his space with her so we are having to rehome her.
Dogs have access to: warm bedding, water at all times, ample space to exercise, natural light
Dogs have enrichment provisions: Yes
Dogs are exposed to: people with different appearances or ages, different sounds
Offers lifetime rehoming: Yes


text:
Use the filter menu and interactive map to explore the past competitions offered and grants awarded through the Environmental Literacy Program.
To learn more about project findings and outcomes, view the summaries of our grantees’ summative evaluation reports.
Exploring Inner Space: Linking Aquariums with Ocean Scientists
This program is a pilot project and collaborative effort to develop partnerships and educational programming using state of the art technology. The project partnership is comprised of a leading ocean science research and education institution, the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography and its new state of the art Inner Space Center (ISC), and two strong national ocean science education networks: the National Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (COSEE) Network and NOAA's Office of Exploration and Research (NOAA-OER) Education Alliance. In addition, two partner sites will serve as proof of concept sites and education hubs - Mystic Aquarium and Institute for Exploration (CT) and South Carolina Aquarium (SC), both affiliated with COSEE, the Coastal Ecosystem Learning Center Network (CELC), and NOAA-OER. Through this initiative, the ISC will install new Exploration Command Stations (ECSs) and enhance Ocean Today kiosks at the partner sites, strategically selected aquariums. Through this pilot project, the ECSs and kiosks (modeled after the original Ocean Today kiosk in the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History’s Sant Ocean Hall) will form an Ocean Interpretive Station at the partner sites. The ISC will provide live links from the Center's facilities to the newly installed ECSs and kiosks using feeds from various remote Ocean Exploration platforms, including the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer and the exploration vessel, E/V Nautilus. The project's Content Development Team (CDT) will develop associated educational materials for use in public programs at the partner sites.
NOAA Earth System Science Courses: Building on the Earth System Science Education Alliance (ESSEA)
The Earth System Science Education Alliance (ESSEA) is a successful teacher professional development program enhancing K-12 teachers' environmental literacy and ability to teach Earth System Science. The ESSEA 40+ educational institution consortium is supporting universities and other educational institutions in teacher preparation and professional development for pre-service and in-service K-12 teachers. This NOAA-funded project enhances and builds on this foundation by: 1) Using the ESSEA online courses as a model to introduce newly upgraded Earth system science undergraduate and graduate courses for teachers; 2) Introducing new Earth System Science data, analysis tools and educational resources to support the teacher courses; and 3) Disseminating model teaching practices and program success through annual conferences, continuing support, and presentations at geoscience and education conferences.


text: Purchased 2 burritos for dinner through drive-through, pulled up to the window, paid. Waited 3-4 minutes as the lady comes to the window and asks what I was waiting for, some sort of mix-up. Then waited a few more minutes and received a baggy with food. The order I received had a side of carrots. I Asked her for an extra side of carrots and was told that only one side per order. She told me that I should have purchased my burritos separately if I wanted another side and that I should speak to the owner about this as she couldn't help me, closed the window and left. Very very unhappy with the service, the food was on a cold side, as the cheese was not melted, still in a form of a slice. Burrito did taste good, but did not get to try the carrots as they went along with the other burrito.

domain: food


text:
Below is the front page story of the Spring 2015 issue of OVEC’s newsletter, Winds of Change. The newsletter is at the printer’s now, but it will still be weeks before it ends up in your mailbox. We wanted to make certain you got this info right away, so here you go:
Speculation has begun in Eastern Kentucky about a potentially large reserve of oil and natural gas trapped about two miles underground. If the Rogersville Shale is proven productive, it would be the region’s first major oil and gas play. This has excited the industry, but some residents are worried about the toll large-scale oil and gas production would take on human health and the environment.
The Rogersville Shale is a Cambrian-age formation that lies under much of Eastern Kentucky and extends into West Virginia.
Peterson noted that one energy company had breathlessly blogged, “The Rogersville Shale is even older and deeper than the Marcellus or Utica shales and is Cambrian age (+500 million years). This makes the potential shale play extremely risky and expensive, but the rewards could also be extreme!” (You can guess who would suffer the risk and who would garner any “rewards.”)
Eastern KY landowners are being approached by companies wanting to lease their mineral rights, Peterson reported. That’s what sparked the formation of a new group, Frack Free Foothills.
FFF’s Jim Scheff told the Richmond Register, “These companies will do whatever they can to get (landowners’) signatures (on leases). It’s not uncommon for someone to sign something then feel like they have been outright duped. The language in these documents can be confusing for someone who isn’t knowledgeable about contract writing.”
And Scheff told Petersen, “When a landowner leases their land, they’re putting all these effects that we know happen — increased fatalities, increased illnesses, increased birth defects, contaminated groundwater, contaminated surface water, lower property values, all of those things come to a community when somebody chooses to lease their minerals.”
To educate folks about what fracking could mean for their communities, FFF invited Bill Hughes and Tom Fitzgerald to present at a community forum held in late January at the Acton Folk Center in Berea, KY.
FFF invited Hughes to outline all the troubles WV communities have faced as fracking activities have moved in. Hughes is on the Wetzel County Solid Waste Authority and he works part-time for both OVEC and the FracTracker Alliance. FracTracker paid Hughes’ expenses for the trip to KY.
OVEC’s Robin Blakeman attended the meeting. Besides underlying eastern KY counties, the Rogersville Shale runs into WV, under her home county of Cabell, as well as Putnam, Boone, Wayne, Lincoln and Kanawha counties, in areas with a lot of fault lines (fracking activity has been linked to earthquakes). Blakeman had to stand in the back of the room, because the nearly 400 people present filled every seat and lined every wall of the room. Organizers said fire codes forced them to turn away more than 100 folks after the meeting space was filled.
Fitzgerald is an environmental attorney with the Kentucky Resources Council. Both he and Hughes advised landowners to get a trusted attorney with expertise in property rights to go over any lease document prior to signing. He also advised that, in Kentucky, it is possible to appeal to the Attorney General to reverse a lease, if the landowner can prove they were given fraudulent or incomplete information. The best advice, however, is to “lawyer up” prior to signing anything. People should make certain any lease includes sampling their water to establish baseline data, before any shale-related activities begin.
And although leases may look lucrative, industry maneuverings can leave people with much less than they thought they were bargaining for. If people feel they were misinformed when they signed leases, they should contact an attorney to see if their signatures can be retracted, noted meeting participant Craig Williams, with the KY Environmental Foundation.
But what comes with the leases is only a small part of the story. Hughes told the crowd that fracking activities in a community bring a lot of negatives, especially water issues, air pollution and traffic accidents from the onslaught of numerous large trucks traveling on narrow, winding rural roads.
“If you have oversized, over-width, over-height and over-weight vehicles traveling on these roads, there might be a problem during even the best conditions,” Hughes told the crowd.
This summer, all of OVEC’s staff spent time talking to people horribly impacted by Marcellus shale drilling in Doddridge County, WV. We witnessed the transformation of a once bucolic rural area into what looked like a war zone — gigantic trucks everywhere. We saw gas company checkpoints on public roads that stopped all traffic. We met physically sick and heartsick surface landowners (who didn’t own their mineral rights) whose homeplaces had been transformed into industrial complexes, often with horrible odors from gas activities. Is this same misery heading to western West Virginia and eastern Kentucky?
A couple of days after the meeting, Hughes told OVEC staff, “I just got another phone call today for information from a resident 20-30 miles from Berea, KY, who knew nothing about this meeting. He also had questions about the leasing process and general questions about what might happen. It is really fortunate that these KY folks have some warning and also now some resources to become better informed, organized and get out in front of the invasion.”
Stay tuned for more from OVEC about the Rogersville Shale.