Evaluation Expert, Pakistan Transition Initiative (PTI) Evaluation (Mehsud Tribe Cluster),
Performance Management Support Contract (PERFORM), Pakistan
In May 2015, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) awarded a five-year contract to Management Systems International (MSI) to provide performance management support to USAID-sponsored development programs throughout Pakistan. The Performance Management Support Contract (PERFORM) serves as a centralized management support mechanism that provides services in (1) monitoring, (2) evaluation, (3) assessment, and (4) learning support. PERFORM provides data and information to help USAID/Pakistan project managers improve results through better implementation, design, and learning, enabling it to better target its programming and achieve its goals and objectives .
MSI is seeking an expatriate Evaluation Expert with excellent social science research skills and experience evaluating projects for temporarily displaced people (TDPs) to participate in an evaluation of USAID/Pakistan’s TDP return projects implemented in the South Waziristan Agency (Sararogha and Serwekai tehsils) of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Tank and Dera Ismail Khan districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). The projects aim to facilitate the return of Mehsud Tribe members to their homeland areas by restoring basic living conditions through rehabilitation of physical infrastructure, basic services delivery, enhanced livelihood opportunities, and supporting operationalization of government offices to increase security and stability. With these interventions, the program hopes to improve the living conditions of TDPs, build trust, and increase positive perceptions of the government amongst the displaced communities.
The Evaluation Expert will not be able to travel in FATA/KP. MSI is therefore seeking a candidate who can participate (perhaps remotely) in evaluation design and then travel to Pakistan to participate in data analysis and report writing.
The evaluation will begin on or about first week of January 2017 and finish by the end of May 2017. The anticipated level of effort is approximately 50 days. The expert will collaborate with an evaluation team, which includes a sector specialist, an assignment manager, and may also include researchers and data analysts. The assignment will require at least one trip, and perhaps two, to Pakistan.
The Evaluation Expert will collaborate with the local evaluation team and work closely to:
- Provide evaluation expertise in the design, planning, implementation, and reporting phases.
- Participate in a team planning workshop (possibly remotely) and contribute to developing data collection instruments and a data analysis plan.
- Work closely with other team members to guide qualitative and quantitative data analysis; participate in the coding exercise for qualitative data; and work with the evaluation team during the quantitative data analysis.
- Synthesize findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on available primary and secondary information.
- Together with other team members, present evaluation results to USAID and implementing partners.
- Lead preparation of the evaluation report and briefing papers.
At least a master’s degree in social sciences with some experience with migrant populations and refugee resettlement or another relevant field and ten (10) years of professional experience, or a Ph.D. with at least five (5) years of experience.
- Experience participating in evaluations of USAID projects.
- Familiarity with USAID evaluation policy.
- Excellent analytical and personal communication skills.
- Candidates with experience using data analysis tools such as MS Excel, SPSS, Stata, NVivo, or MaxQDA preferred.
- Excellent report writing skills in English. Besides analytical skills, this is the primary skill required, and candidates should be able to demonstrate prior experience in writing high quality evaluation and research reports.
- Fluent in quantitative and qualitative research methods.


text:
737 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 800
Chicago, IL 60611
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This presentation will evaluate and identify those surgical protocols reporting positive clinical outcomes for treatment with 12 or more months of follow-up.Find out more »
This course will discuss cell-occlusive barriers, 3-D barrier design and printing for specific ridge deficiencies, the osseodensification technique and associated materials, as well as soft tissue considerations for optimal long-term outcomes following guided bone regeneration.Find out more »

domain: medical


text:
Fraunhofer UMSICHT spin-off Volterion has developed a new class of redox flow batteries that costs the same as li-ion batteries, but lasts almost twice as long as them.
Redox flow batteries have been touted as the future of renewable energy. They not only offer superior cycle durability but are also non-flammable, recyclable and easily modified for both capacity and performance.
There is however one major factor holding back their wide-scale adoption – the prohibitively high costs associated with producing them.
Fraunhofer spin-off Volterion has now come up with a solution it believes could make redox flow batteries as ubiquitous as li-ion batteries both in terms of cost and efficiency.
Redox flow batteries consist of stacks, which in turn consist of electrochemical cells to convert the electrical energy into chemical energy, and electrolyte fluid tanks to store that chemical energy. This stack structure is the main reason why redox flow batteries are so expensive.
Dr. Thorsten Seipp, managing director at Volterion and former research scientist at Fraunhofer, explains that they have managed to reduce the cell weight to ten percent of the stack, and this has in turn brought down costs.
“Whereas, in conventional stacks, the thickness of each cell was often as high as eight to ten millimeters, we’ve succeeded in cutting that down to two to three millimeters,” notes Seipp.
The breakthrough was achieved by improving the battery material. Stacks are generally made out of a graphite-polymer composite. During processing, however, such materials lose their polymer properties.
Moreover, inter-cell connections cannot be welded; instead cells must be joined using threaded sealing rings.
“What we did at Fraunhofer UMSICHT was to modify the material and the manufacturing process in such a way that the material retains its polymer properties,” explains Seipp.
“As a result, the material remains stable and flexible and can be made significantly thinner, allowing the stacks to be welded together, and doing away completely with fast-wearing sealing rings.” explains Seipp.
According to the scientists, this not only makes the production of the stacks much more cost-effective, but also more robust than ever.
Image and content: Fraunhofer UMSICHT

domain: chemistry


text:
Tidioute Cutlery #15 pattern with smooth acrylic Nifebrite handles by Great Eastern Cutlery. The Huckleberry Boys Knife features a One Arm primary blade and a secondary pen blade both attached to one single bolster. Both blades are 1095 carbon steel with a satin finish. The One Arm blade has a false top edge and a cut out on the end for easy one handed opening. The handle scales are made of acrylic that absorbs natural light then glows in the dark. All Stainless steel construction bolster, liners and pins. These come in a unique tube packaging with company information on the front. Brand new direct from GEC.
|Blade Material||1095 Tool Steel|
|Handle Material||Nifebrite Acrylic|
|Country of Manufacture||United States|

domain: design


2004 BMW 525i 6 cyl Two Wheel Drive Automatic 90000 miles
I have a question regarding the message shown on the display screen in my car, it is " transmission malfucntion " it appears sometime when I am driving in the traffic, while using automatic system, not typtronic, my car seems to be working on the 4th level, slow and could not take more speed while the message appears
i park the car, stop it and then turn it on, the message disappear and the car work normaly
please I need to know about the problem because many mechaniciens advice to change the sensors in the transmissions and other advice to check other items in it.
have the same problem?
Monday, June 7th, 2010 AT 4:50 PM


text:
I sat down to write about John Trudell’s music, thinking to write the second in a series I’m calling “A Life in Art.”Back in November, I described the blogs in this series as “turning on a work of art – painting, sculpture, music, poetry, film, maybe even cooking – that has sustained me in a moment that yearned for consolation or fulfillment or the reassurance of beauty, the presence of the sublime.”
I sat down to think about Trudell dying three weeks ago, too young at 69,and then the news came through that the police officers who killed 12 year-old Tamir Rice would not be indicted. Rice’s mother heard the news along with everyone else, via an official statement from the prosecutor’s office. Across the U.S., people are calling on the Department of Justice to prosecute Tamir Rice’s killers.
I sat down to listen to the song called “Tina Smiled,”an achingly beautiful loving lament in Trudell’s characteristic spoken-word style, backed by the yearning guitar of the late Jesse Ed Davis and the drumming and chanting of Quiltman and others who later made up the core of Trudell’s band Bad Dog. Like so much of Trudell’s work, the song layers the exquisite and the shattered, the artist’s memory of love and pleasure side-by-side with his awareness of a deep brokenness at the heart of this society.
Note: This is the second of two parts on Arlene Goldbard’s visit to cultural development projects in Medellín, Colombia, in early December; you’ll find the first here.
Ana Cecilia Restrepo, the director of La Red de Escuelas de Musica de Medellín – that Colombian city’s network of music schools that are much more than schools, as you can read in Part One – was driving me back to my hotel on the last night of my stay. Medellín is widely recognized as a city that has successfully launched its transformation from a place terrorized by drug lords and their gangs, in which going out at night was basically not an option, to one explicitly and assertively aligned with its own remaking. See Michael Kimmelman’s New York Times piece from 2012, for instance, or this account of Medellín being named Innovative City of the Year in 2013, particularly for its new transportation infrastructure.
As she drove, Ana told me one of the city’s famous rejuvenation stories. Below, I share it with you. But first I want to tell you about my visit to an amazing cultural center in Medellín.
I arrived in Medellín, Colombia a few days after a man who claimed to be acting with divine guidance killed three and wounded nine at a Planned Parenthood clinic in Colorado Springs.The very next morning I learned that 14 people had been killed and 22 seriously injured at an attack on a holiday party at the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health.
A day or so later, “The Daily Show” ran a montage of clips of President Obama responding to a series of mass shootings. Watching that, you start to ponder the normalization of terror.
Many people in the U.S. like to think of Americans as civilized. I can’t count the number of times I’ve heard someone righteously condemn the barbarism of another society without noticing the scale of our own. So I can’t imagine a better place than Medellín – whose name evokes in the minds of my fellow citizens images of the narco-terrorism that allowed drug lord Pablo Escobar to hold sway over the city until he was killed in 1993 – to explore the question of how to transform a society in the grip of fear and violence into a functioning civil society.
Are you surprised that the answer is art and culture?For decades, I’ve been asking people to envision the commitment to communal creativity fully expressed in public programs, to dream into a future shaped by their largest vision.
Are you surprised when I tell you that in Medellín, I saw this future and felt as if I had walked into a dream, the extraordinary made real? I promise you I am not romanticizing: Medellín is a city of 2.5 million with a significant share of poverty, gangs, and crime. For some of the poorest, Escobar was seen as a Robin Hood and “civil society” doesn’t exactly ring a bell. The challenges of class, race, and gender privilege persist. I am not claiming to have discovered heaven on earth, but something almost as extraordinary for an observer coming from the U.S. circa 2015: a public sector that has embodied and supported the public interest in culture with tremendous forethought, intentionality, and caring; and results to match that intention.
B.B. King — the king of the blues — is dead. He made his transition from time to eternity on May 14, 2015 at age 89 leaving behind a legacy of artistic expression that helps us all to hear and feel and know the complexity of our humanity. His life was an interpretation of the wisdom Jesus the Christ taught: “blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the earth.”
We live in a world that mistakes meekness for weakness. We think humility is humiliation, and we count gentleness equal to cowardice. This is a deception. The Greek word that is translated as meek in several versions of the Bible – praus – also means humility and gentleness. To be meek is a kind of power, the power to endure, the power of patient striving, the power to bear the thousand natural shocks that flesh is heir to and then wait for our just due. The life of B.B. King shows us a man born into a context of grinding poverty and vicious racism, but he was also born into a family of faith. His mother took him to church as a child, and it was within his faith community and a community of family and friends where he found his sense of self-worth.
A preacher friend of his family came over to eat on Sunday afternoons and brought his guitar. The preacher taught young Riley B. King how to play. Later, as a young man, he joined a gospel singing group. During the week, he worked from can to can’t (from first light in the morning until dark.) On the weekends, he went into Indianola, Mississippi to sing for passersby to put money in the hat. During the day he played gospel. At night, he played the blues. The blues people gave him the most money.
He was told that at some point he would have to make a decision, that he could not play God’s music and the devil’s music. Time passed and one day while working as a tractor driver, he thought he had turned the tractor off, but it kept going and was damaged. He ran away to Memphis. While there he found a group of guitar players who gave him master’s classes in blues guitar. About six months later, he decided to go back to Mississippi and to work off the debt he owned to the farmer whose tractor he had damaged. He was proud that when he left Mississippi the second time to start his career in Memphis, he started correctly.
by: Silver Scharlach on March 31st, 2015 | Comments Off
One More Shot UK, a breast cancer benefit music festival, will be held over the weekend of April 24-26, bridging the overstated gap between country music and social justice. Headliners include Christian Kane, Steve Carlson, and The Life of Riley. Credit: OneMoreShotUK.com.
When people on the left side of the political spectrum think of country music, the phrase ‘social justice’ rarely comes to mind. Nonetheless, the second incarnation of the One More Shot music festival combines just these two seemingly disparate entities. One More Shot is to be held in Birmingham, UK, over the weekend of April 24-26. Headlining this event is Christian Kane, known for starring in television shows including Angel, Leverage, and Steven Spielberg’s award-winning miniseries Into the West. Kane, star of recent breakout hit The Librarians, joins singer/songwriter Steve Carlson, bands including The Final Wish, and others in this event held to raise money for breast cancer research.
Artists hold tremendous social and financial capital in this society. For artists to be willing to spend that capital in the service of others is an all-too-rare phenomenon. Christian Kane has made a habit of doing just that in his career, covering topics including domestic violence (“Mary Can You Come Outside”), poverty (“Something’s Gotta Give”), and disenchantment with capitalism (“Pretty as a Picture”). He has also directly challenged colonialism from the perspective of his own Cherokee heritage (“Spirit Boy”). I feel pleased and proud to see my faith in him renewed as his efforts give rise to such powerful positive results.
by: Robert Cohen on January 8th, 2015 | 1 Comment »
Credit: 2 Unite All
I was asked to write a review of the new benefit album for the people of Gaza. During the violence of last summer more than 2,000 Palestinian were killed, the vast majority civilians and the casualties included more than 500 children. Many more people were left permanently injured, physically, mentally or both, and thousands lost their homes.
I’d already downloaded all twenty-six tracks of 2 Unite All (126 minutes of music from more than thirty artists) before I realized that the task was impossible.
Writing about a project motivated by peace and love is a complete minefield. What’s the point of saying anything about the music when the real aim is not artistic but humanitarian. In such circumstances, is it ethical to be critical?
But then it occurred to me how much else there was to say about this particular endeavor, even before a single song is considered.
What should the relationship be between the artist and the recipient of the aid that they raise? Is it possible to separate out the humanitarian need from the causes that created it? Is it enough to just sing about peace and love?
by: Arlene Goldbard on October 25th, 2014 | Comments Off
I forgot to notice that this past May was the tenth anniversary of my blog, which I started in 2004 to coincide with the publication of my novel Clarity. It has a small but devoted following. And if you’re interested, you can buy it used for a song. I still think it would make a good movie…
I started thinking what I might have learned in this decade-plus.The first thing that came to mind was this: people have been calling me an optimist for most of my life, but I didn’t accept it as one of my true names until quite recently. Partly, that was about expanding my definition of the word. An optimist, I now believe, is someone who sees great possibility in the human project (not someone, as I once supposed, who is certain that all is for the best in this best of all possible worlds, pace Voltaire).
Still, I don’t totally get this about myself. I grew up in a world of low expectations and lower hopes, where adults understood themselves as refugees from and survivors of history, and I was regularly counseled not to want too much. I asked my husband to help me think about it: why, with my history, am I an optimist when so many others who have walked similar paths are anything but?
His answer made perfect sense to me: “Because you’re all about changing things. You have to believe it’s possible. A person can’t be as oriented to change as you are and be a pessimist. What would be the point?”
Pete Seeger performs at the Clearwater Festival in 2007. Credit: Creative Commons/Anthony Pepitone.
I could scarcely believe my ears when staff members at Tikkun told me that Pete Seeger had just called to ask if he could perform at the first national Tikkun conference in New York City in 1988. I had raised my son on Seeger’s music, and had myself been moved by some of his radical songs. He was already a legend, and I was already a fan when I was in high school.
Seeger understood that the kind of Judaism we espoused was rooted in the universalist and prophetic tradition that had led so many Jews to become deeply involved in the movements for peace and social justice – not the chauvinist nationalism that was becoming dominant in large sections of the organized Jewish community – and he told me that he had followed my case in the 1970s when the Nixon White House had indicted me (at that time I was a professor of philosophy at the University of Washington) for organizing anti-war demonstrations. The trial was called “The Seattle Seven,” and eventually all charges were dropped after spending some time in federal penitentiary for “contempt of court” – a charge overturned by the 9th Circuit Federal Appeals court.
Seeger became a fan of Tikkun and a supporter of our activities, and his appearance at our conference was one of the highlights of the event. Even Jewish folksinger Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach, who also performed at that conference, told me he felt joy and awe at Seeger’s presence at the Tikkun conference.
There’s been an art-blogworld swirl lately about need versus want. You can find a summary with links to relevant posts by half a dozen bloggers in this entry in Barry Hessenius’s blog.
In this context, I find the distinction nearly meaningless. Need how? To sustain life, we need air, water, nourishment, sleep, and shelter. To thrive, most of us need caring, connection, pleasure, meaning – the myriad things that account for the difference between mere survival and a life lived fully into our capacities. To keep up with the Joneses, one’s home needs a new car in the driveway or a new coat of paint. The further from survival’s necessities we get, the more we use the word need to signal intense wanting or intense obligation: I really need that pair of shoes; I really need to kiss you right now; I really need to wash my car; I really need to see the dentist. Sometimes want elides into need without noticing. The archetypal experience my young self shared with many other artists jumps an arc from the spark of awakening interest to the strong current of desire-drenched need: I needed to paint, and now I need to write.
by: Jack Gabriel on December 3rd, 2013 | Comments Off
You can usually tell if a recording is inspired from the opening twenty seconds. There is a certain energy, a certain élan, that takes you from the ordinary to the special, from genesis to realization, quite quickly, perhaps in two dozen heartbeats.
There are many such songs on the new CD ,”The Human Project”, the first solo release by Gabriel Meyer Halevy. There are striking anthems, which celebrate the diversity and harmony of humanity. There are delicate ballads, and gracefully rhythmic pieces, that mesh South American, Arabic, Mizrachi and Far Eastern nuances. Their fusion sounds organic and natural. Paul Simon’s Afro-Gospel-Doo Wop and Idan Raichel’s Ethiopean-Spanish-Israeli pieces come to mind. The lyrics very much support the music. It is as if the words and melodies are passed from voice to voice, in Spanish, Hebrew and Arabic, effortlessly enriching songs with multiple translations. It draws you into a sweet and exciting space. That’s no easy feat, and that’s what makes this recording so successful and special.

domain: artistic


Jackson County 1893
ROGUE RIVER VALLEY.
Rogue River Valley is an intermediate link between the inland valleys lying east of and parallel with the Coast Range and extending from the Willamette on the north to the Sacramento on the south. Here is where the conflicting elements meet and compromise between the dreaded drought of the south and the excessive rains of the north. Here all extremes are amicably adjusted, and the result is no drought and no unusual rainfall. In addition to the rare climatic conditions with which this valley is specially favored, it is one of the most productive and healthful to be found on the coast, and withal a very gem cozily nestled in a richly variegated mountain setting. The valley is an irregular amphitheater about forty miles in length and twenty miles wide and is completely surrounded with lofty mountains. Sharp spurs, alternating with low hills, extend into it at intervals, and the whole is delicately touched and toned with striking diversity and mellowed by the pleasing light and shade peculiar to mountain scenery. It is truly a lovely valley, such as would delight the artist's heart and almost attune with poesy the most determined stoic. It is little wonder that the outraged Red Man, crowded to ocean's surf, with not a foot of land to call his own, fought and fell and died to save this, his goodly heritage, for surely there is none fairer on earth. The fabled vales of cashmere, with all their wealth of blooming flowers and perennial founts that fling their silvery spray amid a world of richest fragrance, could scarce excel the reality that here alternately delights and inspires the rapt beholder when first this valley greets his wondering gaze. What is now the valley was once a lake. The evidences of this fact are most unmistakable, and Rogue River was doubtless the stream that fed it. Sometime in the remote past it discharged its waters through what is now known as Sterling Creek. Applegate at that time was a large river, as is abundantly shown by the immense wash from the head of Sterling to its present junction with Rogue River. How long the waters of the lake were discharged through this channel, if at all, it would be impossible to tell; but from the deep wash in the solid bedrock for miles down the creek it would be safe to say centuries elapsed before this gorge was cut to its present depth. The mountains at the head of Sterling were probably much higher than now, and that there was no opening or low pass through which the waters of the lake were first charged, cutting the deep channel referred to above [sic]. Later, there must have been a great slide from some of the adjacent mountains, and the pass and river channel were filled up and the pent-up lake was forced to find an outlet elsewhere for its surplus water. This it did by cutting a pass through the mountains from Gold Hill to Grants Pass and thus finally flowing into the old channel where it now forms a junction with Applegate. This is bold speculation, but there is strong presumptive evidence to support it, and one gratifying feature about it is that it can be more readily believed than disproved.
Democratic Times, Jacksonville, February 3, 1893, page 2
FROM SOUTHERN OREGON.We make the following extracts from a private letter from Central Point, Jackson County, Oregon, dated March 2nd, giving some interesting facts regarding that country:
"We are having delightful weather now, and gardens are being made and spring crops put in. We have not had near as much rain as usual this winter, so the mud is only hub deep instead of being clear over the wheels. While all those storms were raging in the north part of the state, and in the Willamette Valley, we had very good weather here.… Southern Oregon has got a boom this spring. Several rich ledges and pockets of gold have been discovered, some near here. A party of capitalists from Seattle are here, and have made arrangements to build a flume from near the headwaters of Rogue River to open up the vast forest of sugar pine up there. The shares have been sold, and our town being the terminus of the flume of course makes things lively. A bank will be established soon, and the Southern Pacific R.R. Company have contracted with a man hereto furnish him 1,000 tourists at $8 apiece, if he will put on a line of stages and run to Crater Lake, about 80 miles from here. He says he has ordered the coaches and necessary tents, etc., and will be ready for business in June. I only hope all this will materialize. The Rogue River Valley R.R. will be extended up the river also. They took a layoff not long ago, and swept the car out and gave it a coat of paint. The mail was carried to Medford in wagons, and the passengers walked down the railroad while all this was going on. Business was dull. The folks from the "states," as they say here, are not coming here by the hundreds, as they used to. They are wise, for when one has a good home there, they had better stay. When the climate and fruit is taken out, there is little here to induce one to stay.…
"Eggs are low here now, only 12 cents per dozen; butter 20 cents, wheat from 40 to 52 cents per bushel, pork $6 per cwt., beef 10 cents per pound. Vegetables are plenty and prices reasonable. Apples are scarce and high, fish plenty at 5 cents per pound and sometimes cheaper than that. The canneries at the mouth of Rogue River were compelled to take out their nets this spring, so the run of fish is larger. There was nearly as many salmon canned at Gold Beach last year as there was on the Columbia."
Blue Valley Blade, Seward, Nebraska, March 15, 1893, page 3
A Land of Boundless Possibilities and Unlimited Resources.
RICH IN MINES, FRUIT AND FORESTS.
An Eldorado for the Husbandman, Fruit Grower and Miner.
THE STATE OF OREGON.
Oregon is bounded on the north by Washington, on the south by Nevada and California, on the east by Idaho and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The western part of the state is traversed by parallel ranges of mountains, known as the Coast Range and the Cascades. The latter range, which begins in California, at a point less than 100 miles from the Pacific Ocean, and stretches northward into British Columbia, forming an almost continuous chain for a distance of nearly 1,000 miles, is cleft by the Columbia River, which flows between Oregon and Washington for a distance of 240 miles, and is pierced by numerous smaller streams, of which, in Oregon, the Willamette, Umpqua and Rogue rivers are chief. The Cascade Range is noted for its many and magnificent snow peaks, of which Mt. Hood, the monarch of them all, is so near the great lines of travel and so advantageously enthroned upon the lesser heights, that every tourist may behold it, no matter what part of Oregon he may choose to visit. The Cascade Range is covered with valuable timber to the snow line upon its western slopes. This timber is mostly evergreen and climbs the mountainside with soldier-like regularity. Oregon is kept moist by the vapors of the Pacific Ocean, which meet the icy currents on the lofty snow-clad heights, and sends them down the mountainsides in the form of rain, in its season, or store them away as snow and ice in winter to be drawn upon in the summer months by the action of the sun and air. The Coast Range is a low and somewhat irregular chain of mountains, running parallel with the ocean, and bordering almost directly upon it in some places, but in others making the boundary a level stretch of alluvial base land lying between them and the sea. Dense forests of fir, cedar, pine and spruce timber abound, many of the trees being of gigantic stature, straight as an arrow and often running to a height of 150 feet before sending out a branch. The undergrowth of bushes and ferns is often so dense as to form jungles of vast extent, in which deer, bear, elk and other wild animals will remain as sport for the hunter for many years to come. The streams are all stocked with fish, and near the seaboard are fairly alive in proper season with aquatic fowl.
The includes the valleys drained by the Umpqua and Rogue rivers, important streams which take their rise in the Cascade Range, and flowing westerly empty into the Pacific Ocean. These valleys are as productive as the Willamette Valley, and being farther south and well sheltered are especially adapted to fruit. This industry is only in its infancy, and the time will soon come when Southern Oregon will be known far and wide as one of the greatest fruit sections in the world.
THE ROGUE RIVER VALLEY.
The Rogue River Valley occupies the central part of Jackson County, and is about thirty-five miles long by twenty miles wide. It takes its name from the river which flows through its northern extremes, though Bear Creek drains the greater portion of the Rogue River Valley proper. Little Butte Creek and Sams Creek form considerable additions to the main valley by their contiguous territory. All of these streams empty into the main river within a few miles of each other. Rogue River Valley is next to the Willamette in extent on the west side of the Cascades, and is nearly two-thirds as large as the state of Rhode Island. Its soil is composed of the successive denudations of the surrounding mountains, and as they are the product of widely distributed geological areas, it is often found that several kinds of soil are deposited within a limited area, making diversified farming easy and practicable. Lying contiguous to California, and having its climate tempered by the warm ocean breeze laden with moisture, it is specially favored as a locality for the most perfect flavoring and ripening of fruit; in this, Rogue River Valley always will excel. On the gentle slopes of the surrounding hills thousands of acres can be put into vineyards and choice fruits, while on the low bottom lands anything and everything grown in a semi- or subtropical climate can be produced. Medford, Ashland, Jacksonville, Central Point, Phoenix, Talent, Eagle Point and Gold Hill are the principal towns in the valley.
Jackson County has 1,416,000 acres of surveyed, and 392,600 acres of unsurveyed land. The latter is principally on the high mountain ranges. The general surface of the country embraces three divisions of land--that which is on the high mountaintops, that on the hills or broken ridges, and that in the valleys. The first is utilized for summer range for stock, the green grass growing as the snow disappears, and affording rich pasturage for numerous herds, and is also a most desirable place for butter and cheese making. The hill land is the timber-bearing region and the home of the stockman. The soil is capable of a high degree of cultivation, and as it is denuded of its timber, is usually planted in cereals and grasses. The valley land is composed of the alluvium deposits of different geological periods and the constant disintegration from the surrounding mountains. The soil of Jackson County is more varied than that of any other in the state, and it is not unusual to find five or six different kinds on a farm of 160 acres.
The climate of Jackson County is a happy mean between the humidity of Northern Oregon and the droughts of California. Here the two extremes meet and amicably compromise--the result is a perfectly equable climate. The main valley through which the Southern Pacific railroad pases is completely environed by a continuous chain of hills that separate it from the several smaller valleys that form such an important part of Jackson County. These hills rise in successive steps and benches into the Cascades, Siskiyous, Coast Range and Grave Creek Mountains, giving the valley the appearance of an immense amphitheater. Here nature holds enrapt the astonished beholder when he views for the first time the gorgeous panorama that opens out before him, blending in variegated beauty the snow-capped mountains, the distant hills, the verdant valley and sparkling waterways in changeful alliance with summer's sunshine or winter's storm.
"THE ITALY OF OREGON."
Not inappropriately has the beautiful valley of the Rogue River been called the "Italy of Oregon." Approach it from whatever source, an amphitheater of mountains encircles it on every side, girding the horizon with a cordon of snow-crowned peaks, towering, in many places, over 8,000 feet above the valley and sending long forest-encumbered ridges down into the lower levels. Innumerable streams leap, in foaming cataracts, to the sea, while the sylvan dell, rugged cliffs, rippling waters woos with resistless power. The long sweep of graceful hills on either side of undulating valleys running far up into the horizon, and there crowned by rugged mountain peaks, snow-created, making the picture equaled only by the Alps, and excelled by no other land upon the earth.
Out of 1,416,600 acres of surveyed land only 182,374 is yet in cultivation. The home-seeker can find good government land to be had under the preemption or Homestead Act. Land can be bought from the railroad at prices varying from $2.50 to $20. Land owners part with the land at reasonable figures, ranging at from $5 to $500 owing to location. Farming land sells at from $10 to $100, $25 to $50 being the prevailing price for good land. Wheat, rye, oats, barley and corn grow well on all soils, and yield fine crops. The straw is bright and clean, free from rust or mildew, and the grain full, plump and well matured. Of wheat, the best lands produce from 30 to 40 bushels, and of oats, from 40 to 50 bushels per acre. Common grade land runs from 5 to 10 bushels under the above estimate. Phenomenal yields often produce 60 bushels of wheat and 80 bushels of oats to the acre. Corn yields from 40 to 60 bushels to the acre. Corn does not require so much cultivation as in most countries. Timothy, clover and bluegrass do not do well on uplands, but make good crops on the low bottoms. Alfalfa grows anywhere, producing two good crops on the uplands, and from three to four on the bottoms; or, with irrigation, wild oats once seeded produce successive crops without planting and is much used for hay.
Medford Mail, December 1, 1893, page 1


text:
It’s known as the reddest of the red states. And a recent article in the Ogden Standard-Examiner reiterated the fact:
In a state considered among the reddest in the United States, the increasing number of Hispanic voters in Utah could eventually begin to soften some of that red influence.
According to the U.S., Census 9% of the population in Utah is Latino, or about 200,000 people. In places like Ogden, where Latinos are concentrated, the number jumps to 30%. Most of the voters in that slice of the population tend to favor the Democratic Party, and Utah politicos are starting to pay attention. It’s something Utah Democrats aren’t taking for granted, according to the Standard-Examiner story:
(State Democratic Chairman Jim) Dabakis claims Hispanics in Utah may be increasingly Democratic in inclination, but they aren’t comfortable with the assumption. He said state Democrats will hire a full time Hispanic community organizer in the near future to get Hispanics increasingly involved in local issues.
The statistic that everyone is looking at is this, mirrored in Utah as it is across the country:
50,000 Hispanic teens turn 18 every month in the U.S. … the largest percentage of Hispanics in the Beehive State is younger than 18, so the trend toward more voters of Latin descent in Utah will continue to rise.
Already, in the reddest of red states, there is a trend.
[Photo by CountyLemonade]
…there are historical highlights for Hispanics in Utah from the last election. Robles was re-elected as assistant Democratic Whip in the Senate, and in the House, Rep. Rebecca Chavez-Houck, D-Salt Lake, was elected as assistant Democratic Whip — the first Latina to ever serve in a leadership position in the House.

domain: news


Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt. / Associated Press file
U.S. Rep. Peter Welch, D-Vt. / EMILY McMANAMY/FREE PRESS
The three members of Vermont’s congressional delegation are mostly out of the spotlight glaring on the key players in the negotiations to end the federal shutdown and prevent a default on government obligations, but they monitor the talks and speak out frequently about potential repercussions.
Monday, the prospects for ending the deadlock seemed to take a positive turn.
Here are the thoughts that Vermont’s two senators and House member had as of early evening.
“Millions of Vermonters and people across the country are suffering as a result of the government shutdown and the entire world is worried that a failure to pay our bills could bring forth a major economic downturn,” said Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt. “I am pleased that, finally, the Senate Republican leadership understands that this crisis must be resolved.”
Sanders had blasted Senate Republicans over the weekend for failing to support a procedural measure that called for extending the debt ceiling for all of 2014.
“I find it incredible that every Republican voted against a motion to even let the Senate consider legislation to pay our bills and prevent a default,” he said. “We are entering very dangerous territory.”
Early Monday, when the outlook for agreement seemed bleak, Sanders worried about the impact of a default — which treasury officials have said would occur Thursday unless Congress authorized a higher level of government borrowing.
“It is becoming increasingly possible that for the first time in the history of our country the United States will become a deadbeat nation, precipitating a national and international financial crisis. If a default occurs, it is likely that interest rates will spike for home mortgages, car loans, student loans and credit cards. It is possible that the stock market will plunge, deeply impacting pension programs and household savings. This must not be allowed to happen.”
Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., also had vented his frustration at the stalemate in a short speech Saturday in which he shared several Vermont specific examples of the shutdown’s impact.
“As federal funds are held hostage by the tea party shutdown, we are starting to see the real toll of this brinksmanship,” Leahy said Saturday. “ In Franklin County, Vermont, advocates were hopeful when they learned that a FY14 grant would allow one staff person to help victims of LGBT domestic assault in that rural region. The hope has quickly given way to frustration, when the funding did not come through as promised on October 1.
“In Barre City, Vermont, population 9,200, the police force has furloughed two half-time detectives who provide 24/7 coverage for special responses to domestic violence cases. These detectives were also providing critical training to their colleagues on how to answer these challenging calls,” Leahy added.
“Let’s end the shutdown. Let’s fulfill our promises to the people we are here to represent,” he urged.
Monday afternoon, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., stood side-by-side on the Senate floor to offer positive-sounding comments about the progress of their talks.
As senate president pro tem and the longest serving member of the Senate, Leahy had met with them about the crisis.
In an early evening statement, Leahy noted, “The effects of the shutdown continue to ripple across Vermont and the nation, even as the threat of a crippling default is looming larger.”
He acknowledged, however, “some tentative encouraging signs of last-minute progress toward a solution. Leaders of both parties in both the House and the Senate seem to grasp the urgency, even though an increasingly radical but small faction in the House does not.”
Rep. Peter Welch, D-Vt., and other House Democrats have been spectators to the Senate negotiations, but Monday he repeated his call for an end to the shutdown and showdown over raising the debt ceiling.
“It is essential that federal agencies get back to work for the American people and that America continue to pay its bills,” Welch said. “I am hopeful that ongoing discussions between President Obama and Senate leaders will accomplish these essential goals.”
Welch avoided any prediction about how House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, and the Republican House majority might view any agreement that Reid and McConnell fashioned — but he offered his hope.
“Speaker Boehner should allow the entire House, Democrats and Republicans alike, to vote up or down on whatever compromise is approved by the Senate. If he does so, I am confident we will avert default and turn the lights back on government agencies with a stroke of the President’s pen. Time is of the essence.”


LIZZIE LEADS THE CHARGE TO FACE RANDALL IN COURT, EGAN INVITES JEREMY
TO A BACHELOR PARTY, AND FRANNY GETS HARASSING PHONE CALLS,
ON ABC�S �THE NINE�
�Brother�s Keeper� -- Lizzie leads the crusade to face Randall in court, even though Nick could not disagree more; Egan invites Jeremy to his friend�s bachelor party; and when Franny receives harassing phone calls from Ricky�s dad in prison, Nick advises her to talk to Kathryn, on �The Nine,� WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25 (10:01-11:00 p.m., ET) on the ABC Television Network.
�The Nine� stars Lourdes Benedicto as Eva Rios, John Billingsley as Egan Foote, Jessica Collins as Lizzie Miller, Tim Daly as Nick Cavanaugh, Dana Davis as Felicia Jones, Camille Guaty as Franny Rios, Chi McBride as Malcolm Jones, Kim Raver as Kathryn Hale, Scott Wolf as Jeremy Kates and Owain Yeoman as Lucas Dalton.
Recurring: Tom Verica as Ed Nielson, Jeffrey Pierce as Randall Reese, Susan Sullivan as Nancy Hale, Kim Staunton as Naomi Jones, Bonita Friedericy as Mary Foote and Michael O'Neill as Pete Burton.
Guest Cast: Veronica Cartwright as Barbara, Zach Grenier as Sean McDermott and Terri Hoyos as Lucia.
�Brother�s Keeper� was written by Hank Steinberg, and directed by Andrew Bernstein.
�The Nine� is broadcast in 720 Progressive (720P), ABC�s selected HDTV format, with 5.1 channel surround sound and Spanish subtitles via secondary closed captioning.
A TV parental guideline will be assigned closer to airdate.


Chrysler Group announced the recall of 919,545 Jeep SUVs from the 2002 to 2004 model years because the airbags could deploy inadvertently.
On the recalled cars, which are Grand Cherokee and Liberty SUVs, a part in airbag control modules may fail, causing the airbags to deploy, according to documents filed with the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Chrysler.
The NHTSA said a failure of that module could cause the front airbags or side curtain airbags to deploy inadvertently while the SUVs are being operated, increasing the risk of injury or accident.
Chrysler said that of the vehicles recalled, 744,822 were in the United States, 49,430 in Canada, 21,828 in Mexico and 103,465 outside North America. About half of the recalled SUVs are Grand Cherokee and the other half Liberty.
Chrysler’s dealers will install a supplemental jumper harness to the airbag control module at no cost to owners, with the recall expected to begin in January.
In October 2011, NHTSA opened a preliminary investigation following complaints of inadvertent airbag deployments in Liberty SUVs. In January 2012, the probe was upgraded to an engineering analysis to include the Grand Cherokee SUVs.
The investigation found 215 cases of inadvertent airbag deployments which caused 81 minor injuries involving both SUVs in the U.S. No crashes were found to have been caused by the issue.


text:
And, on the first day, the Book World was created. The Great American Writers flocked to the new world and endlessly wrote to express themselves. The Prolific Readers soon came in droves to read and decipher what the Great American Writers had to say, and before long, the Gatekeeper Agents arrived too and sold the Great American Writers profound works to the Prodigious Publishers, and they sold the works, en masse, to The Prolific Readers. In due course, everyone in this strange new world flourished.
Then on the second day, the Aspiring Writer honed his craft and sought to be accepted in the new world too, so that his own literary work would be read and relished by many. But, legions of these new Aspiring Writers were turned away and were left standing rejected at the walls of the Book World or left wounded or discarded in a pile of slush, each of them denounced by the Gatekeeper Agents.
By the third day, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the median income for The Great American Writer in the Book World was $55,420 per year or $26.64 per hour. When the Aspiring Writer read this report, he fell to his knees and cried, because he had dreamt of fame and fortune, and the hopes of staking a claim in this strange, new world where so many early adopters were striking it rich. But still, the Aspiring Writer continued to write because it had become his life’s aspiration to be accepted into the Book World. For after all, writing was all he ever wanted to do–even if it meant he would be scantily paid once he got beyond the walls and into the Book World.
By the fourth day, the Aspiring Writer rolled up his sleeves and searched high and low for a Gatekeeper Agent to represent his work to The Prodigious Publishers that roamed the Book World. At the entrance gate, the Gatekeeper Agents who weren’t accepting queries, stopped him from entering and the Aspiring Writer fell to his knees again and cried in hopelessness and desperation. Everything became meaningless outside the Book World where the land was dark and bleak and without form and meaning.
On the fifth day, the Aspiring Writers revolted and decided to publish their own books, while the notable Great American Writers with their Gatekeeper Agents and Prodigious Publishers laughed at them and called the self-published authors “Vain.”
By the sixth day the Prolific Readers began to find what the Aspiring Writers wrote, and the Gatekeeper Agents, together with the Prodigious Publishers, fell to their knees and cried.
And on the seventh day, the God of Books, a great force in all the Earth called Amazon, spoke to the Aspiring Writers and said, “Take Control with Independent Publishing. With my independent publishing services you can reach millions of readers worldwide and keep control of your work. It’s fast and easy to publish your print book with CreateSpace, your digital book with Kindle Direct Publishing and create an audiobook with ACX. “
And, with that, a whole new world was created.
Tonia Allen Gould is a soon-to-be published author. Her children’s picture book, Samuel T. Moore of Corte Magore releases on iTunes on 7/1/13.
Tonia’s animated book with professional voice and an original musical score is being published by a wonderful company called Skies America Publishing, who has worldwide electronic distribution rights. While her book is not self-published, and Tonia is grateful she didn’t have to “go it” alone, the journey to publication wasn’t always easy, and you’ll oftentimes find Tonia talking a bit about that.

domain: library


text:
J&K police claims LeT militants killed BSF constable in Hajin of Kashmir
Parray, who was recruited in BSF in 2011 and was on a holiday, had resisted the attack and even injured one of the militants, but he was overpowered, five bullets pumped into his chest and he succumbed on the spot.
The incident took place at around 9:00 pm on Wednesday when Parray was on a stroll near his house on a riverbank talking over his mobile phone. The militants moving in the same area were suspicious of Parray and intercepted him asking for his identity card. Despite altercation, he didn't produce his identity card, but militants snatched his mobile phone and let him go.
Soon after Parray entered his house, family members advised him to go to a relative's place but he didn’t pay heed. And within 15 to 20 minutes the gunmen entered into his house. “Four masked men barged into our compound and tried to drag him out of the house. All of us resisted during which they stabbed my four relatives and fired at my brother five times,” Showkat Ahmad Parray, cousin of the deceased, with bloodstains all over his clothes, told ET. He said that the militants also fired several rounds in air before leaving from their house. Parray was on a holiday for 25 days now and police claim that he had resisted the attack with an axe and even injured one militant in his hand.
Four people stabbed during the incident include Ghulam Ahmad, father of the deceased, his two brothers Muhammad Afzal and Javaid and his aunt Habla Begum. They are recuperating at Srinagar’s SKIMS hospital. Parray was posted in 73 battalion of BSF in Baramullah, around 40 kms from his home. According to Showkat, their three other cousins also work in Army and BSF and one of them is a captain.
The police officials presume that the militants might have gone through the details in Parray’s mobile and found out his BSF connections and decided to return to his house.
J&K police chief S P Vaid accused LeT commander Mehmood of leading the group that killed Parray. “He was accompanied by three other militants, one of whom was not masked and was identified as Ali, while another militant was identified as Abu Islam. Mehmood has managed to give slip to police in more than 15 cordons and search operations,” said a senior police official posted in Hajin, a place considered to be the transit route of foreign militants.
Vaid told reporters that around 80 to 85 militants are active in north Kashmir most of whom are foreigners. In Hajin-Sumbal area, around 35kms from Srinagar, around 25 militants are active.
"This is a very sensitive area. We were fired upon twice last week during a cordon and search operation. We had to abort the operation," another police official told ET. In Parray's locality, nobody was ready to talk in detail about the incident or if they saw anything that night.
Wreath laying ceremony of Parray was held in a high-security compound of Hajin police station attended by the local police officials, BSF personnel and his immediate family members. None of the police or BSF officials went to his home on Thursday, which is just 1.5kms from the police station, citing security reasons. The body was transported in an ambulance and there was extremely thin attendance on his funeral as well.
“Our morale would not be affected with such acts of militants. Parray has fought back bravely before attaining martyrdom. We advise our boys to exercise extreme restraint and restrict their movement during holidays, especially who live in sensitive areas,” DIG of BSF, Virender Singh, who attended the wreath-laying ceremony told reporters at Hajin police station.
J&K chief minister Mehbooba Mufti condemned the killing of Parray regretting unending cycle of violence in the state. “Violence is taking a heavy toll on our society, particularly the young and all segments of society should join in to put an end to it,” said Mufti.
Former chief minister Omar Abdullah also condemned the killing tweeting, “What a terrible incident. This is abominable. Heartfelt condolences to the family of Ramzan. Hope the injured recover soon.”


text:
New Delhi: Television actress Helly Shah is back at work. She has started shooting for the second season of "Ishq Mein Marjawan". Helly says it's a good feeling. "Yes, it is a relief going back (to the set) after almost 100 days of house arrest. But the lockdown was extremely important," Helly said.
The actress is overjoyed on meeting people after such a long hiatus. "But after the lockdown when we are coming out and meeting people on set at work, it feels great. I am so happy to be meeting people and talking to them and working again. It's a very good feeling," she said.
Helly plays the role of a simpleton named Riddhima in the show. "I am playing the role of Riddhima. She is a simple girl, very compassionate. She really loves Kabir and has a very simple dream of living a beautiful dream with him," she added.

domain: celebrity


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Water security has been defined as "the reliable availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks". It is realised to the degree that water scarcity is non-existent, or has been decreased or eliminated, and to the degree that floods and contamination of freshwater supplies are non-threatening.
"Sustainable development will not be achieved without a water secure world. A water secure world integrates a concern for the intrinsic value of water with a concern for its use for human survival and well-being. A water secure world harnesses water's productive power and minimises its destructive force. Water security also means addressing environmental protection and the negative effects of poor management. It is also concerned with ending fragmented responsibility for water and integrating water resources management across all sectors—finance, planning, agriculture, energy, tourism, industry, education and health. A water secure world reduces poverty, advances education, and increases living standards. It is a world where there is an improved quality of life for all, especially for the most vulnerable—usually women and children—who benefit most from good water governance."
The areas of the world that are most likely to have water insecurity are places with low rainfall, places with rapid population growth in a freshwater scarce area, and areas with international competition over a water source.
Water security is achieved when there is enough water for everyone in a region and the water supply is not at risk of disappearing. According to the Pacific Institute "While regional impacts will vary, global climate change will potentially alter agricultural productivity, freshwater availability and quality, access to vital minerals, coastal and island flooding, and more. Among the consequences of these impacts will be challenges to political relationships, realignment of energy markets and regional economies, and threats to security".
During history there has been much conflict over use of water from rivers such as the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Another highly politicized example is Israel's control of water resources in the Levant region since its creation, where Israel securing its water resources was one of several drivers for the 1967 Six-Day War.
Water, in absolute terms, is not in short supply planet-wide. But, according to the United Nations water organization, UN-Water, the total usable freshwater supply for ecosystems and humans is only about 200,000 km3 of water – less than one percent (<1%) of all freshwater resources. Usable fresh water includes water not contaminated or degraded by water-altering chemicals, such as sewage or any other harmful chemicals from continuous previous use. In the 20th century, water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of the population increase. Specifically, water withdrawals are predicted to increase by 50 percent by 2025 in developing countries, and 18 per cent in developed countries. One continent, for example, Africa, has been predicted to have 75 to 250 million inhabitants lacking access to fresh water. By 2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. By 2050, more than half of the world's population will live in water-stressed areas, and another billion may lack sufficient water, MIT researchers find.
The most common threat to water security is water scarcity. There can be several causes to water scarcity including low rainfall, climate change, high population density, and overallocation of a water source. An example of periodic water scarcity in the United States is droughts in California. Another category of threats to water security is environmental threats. These include contaminates such as biohazards (biological substances that can harm humans), climate change and natural disasters. Contaminants can enter a water source naturally through flooding. Contaminants can also be a problem if a population switches their water supply from surface water to groundwater. Natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and wildfires can damage man-made structures such as dams and fill waterways with debris. Other threats to water security include terrorism and radiation due to a nuclear accident.
According to Nature (2010), about 80% of the world's population (5.6 billion in 2011) live in areas with threats to water security. The water security is a shared threat to human and nature and it is pandemic. Human water-management strategies can be detrimental to wildlife, such as migrating fish. Regions with intensive agriculture and dense populations, such as the US and Europe, have a high threat of water security. Water is increasingly being used as a weapon in conflict. Water insecurity is always accompanied by one or more issues such as poverty, war and conflict, low women's development and environmental degradation. Researchers estimate that during 2010-2015, ca US$800 billion will be required to cover the annual global investment in water infrastructure. Good management of water resources can jointly manage biodiversity protection and human water security. Preserving flood plains rather than constructing flood-control reservoirs would provide a cost-effective way to control floods while protecting the biodiversity of wildlife that occupies such areas.
Lawrence Smith, the president of the population institute, asserts that although an overwhelming majority of the planet's surface is composed of water, 97% of this water is constituted of saltwater; the fresh water used to sustain humans is only 3% of the total amount of water on Earth. Therefore, Smith believes that the competition for water in an overpopulated world would pose a major threat to human stability, even going so far as to postulate apocalyptic world wars being fought over the control of thinning ice sheets and nearly desiccated reservoirs. Nevertheless, 2 billion people have supposedly gained access to a safe water source since 1990 who may have earlier lacked it. The proportion of people in developing countries with access to safe water is calculated to have improved from 30 percent in 1970. to 71 percent in 1990, 79 percent in 2000 and 84 percent in 2004, parallel with rising population. This trend is projected to continue.
The Earth has a limited though renewable supply of fresh water, stored in aquifers, surface waters and the atmosphere. Oceans are a good source of usable water, but the amount of energy needed to convert saline water to potable water is prohibitive with conventional approaches, explaining why only a very small fraction of the world's water supply is derived from desalination. However, modern technologies, such as the Seawater Greenhouse, use solar energy to desalinate seawater for agriculture and drinking uses in an extremely cost-effective manner.
Most affected countries
Based on the map published by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the countries and regions suffering most water stress are North Africa, the Middle East, India, Central Asia, China, Chile, Colombia, South Africa and Australia. Water scarcity is also increasing in South Asia.
International competition over water can arise when one country starts drawing more water from a shared water source. This is often the most efficient route to getting needed water, but in the long term can cause conflict if water is overdrafted.
China, is constructing dams on the Mekong, leaving Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand without same amount of water as before investment. A huge project of reversing the flow of the Brahmaputra (Chinese: Tsangpo) river, which after leaving Chinese Tibet flows through India and Bangladesh. The struggle for water in some afflicted regions has led inhabitants to hiring guards in order to protect wells. Moreover, Amu Daria River, shared by Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, which has been nearly completely dried out, so much so that it has ceased to reach the Aral Sea/Lake, which is evaporating in an alarming pace. The fact that Turkmenistan retains much of the water before it flows into Uzbekistan.
The Snowy Mountains Scheme diverted water from the Snowy River to the Murray River and the Murrumbidgee River for the benefit of irrigators and electricity generation through hydro-electric power. During recent years government has taken action to increase environmental flows to the Snowy in spite of severe drought in the Murray Darling Basin. The Australian Government has implemented buy-backs of water allocations, or properties with water allocations, to endeavour to increase environmental flows.
In India, there is competition for water resources of all inter state rivers except the main Brahmaputra river among the riparian states of India and also with neighbouring countries which are Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh, etc. Vast area of the Indian subcontinent is under tropical climate which is conducive for agriculture due to favourable warm and sunny conditions provided perennial water supply is available to cater to the high rate of evapotranspiration from the cultivated land. Though the overall water resources are adequate to meet all the requirements of the subcontinent, the water supply gaps due to temporal and spatial distribution of water resources among the states and countries in the subcontinent are to be bridged.
There is intense competition for the water available in the inter state rivers such as Kavery, Krishna, Godavari, Vamsadhara, Mandovi, Ravi-Beas-Sutlez, Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, etc. among the riparian states of India in the absence of water augmentation from the water surplus rivers such as Brahmaputra, Himalayan tributaries of Ganga and west flowing coastal rivers of western ghats. All river basins face severe water shortage even for drinking needs of people, cattle and wild life during the intense summer season when the rainfall is negligible.
Water security can be achieved along with energy security as it is going to consume electricity to link the surplus water areas with the water deficit areas by lift canals, pipe lines, etc. The total water resources going waste to the sea are nearly 1200 billion cubic meters after sparing moderate environmental / salt export water requirements of all rivers. Interlinking rivers of the subcontinent is possible to achieve water security in the Indian subcontinent with the active cooperation of the countries in the region.
United States domestic policy
The United States currently does not have a cohesive domestic water security policy. Water security is projected to be a problem in the future since future population growth will most likely occur in areas that are currently water stressed. Ensuring that the United States remains water secure will require policies that will ensure fair distribution of existing water sources, protecting water sources from becoming depleted, maintaining good wastewater disposal, and maintaining existing water infrastructure. Currently there are no national limits for US groundwater or surface water withdrawal. If limits are imposed, the people most impacted will be the largest water withdrawers from a water source. In 2005, 31% of US water use was for irrigation, 49% was thermoelectric power, public supply 11%, public supply, industrial was 4%, aquaculture 2%, domestic 1%, and livestock less than 1%.
The lack of current national water policy is effective in regions of the United States where there is a lot of water but not effective in regions of water scarcity. In the future, a national water security policy may have to be implemented to move water from regions that are water rich to regions that are water scarce. If new policies are implemented, the major stakeholders will be individual states (both water rich and water poor states), farmers, power companies, and other industries that use a substantial amount of water (such as mining and oil and gas).
Water utility security
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "Improving the security of our nation's drinking water and wastewater infrastructures has become a top priority since the events of 9/11. Significant actions are underway to assess and reduce vulnerabilities to potential terrorist attacks; to plan for and practice response to emergencies and incidents; and to develop new security technologies to detect and monitor contaminants and prevent security breaches."
One of the most important elements of water security is early and accurate contamination detection. The EPA has issued advisory material and guidelines for contamination warning systems to be implemented in water utilities and supplies. The security challenges that utilities frequently revolve around fast detection, accuracy, and the ability to take fast action when there is a water problem. If contamination is detected early enough, it can be prevented from reaching consumers, and emergency water supplies can be put into effect.
In cases where contamination might still reach consumers, fast and efficient communication systems are necessary. All these factors also point to the need for organized and practiced emergency procedures and preparedness.
- Conduct an assessment of the facility's vulnerabilities to vandalism, insider sabotage, or terrorist attack, and submit the report to the EPA.
- Show that the facility has an up-to-date emergency response plan, should an incident occur.
Cincinnati Water Works, San Francisco, and New York City are among the major water utilities that have taken water security measures at their facilities, such as planning for contamination warning systems.
Water utility security components
Security of a water supply involves a range of elements. Prevention and detection systems include some or all of the following: access to public health and customer complaint data, water quality monitoring equipment, sampling and analysis, cyber-security which includes situation management and IT systems hardware and software, and physical security. Crisis management and recovery, for when critical water events occur, includes flow control and security valves, rapid and effective communication systems, and emergency water supply equipment.
Specific technologies involved in water security are SCADA, GIS (geographic information system), online (real-time) water quality monitoring devices, contamination warning systems, intrusion detection systems (IDS), contamination detection devices, security valves, security cameras and fences, situation management/emergency management software, emergency supply tanks, manned (or human) security personnel, personal purification devices, and counter-terrorism intelligence.
Notable water security organizations
The Water Information Sharing and Analysis Center (WaterISAC), is the US water sector's security and emergency response information source. This nonprofit service provides US, Canadian, and Australian drinking water and wastewater utilities with the information they need to heighten the protection of water collection and delivery infrastructure. WaterISAC is also a peer-to-peer, business networking platform. Eligible members of the water sector have access to a clearinghouse of government and private documents, guides, best practices, handbooks, and contaminant databases as well as shared data including analysis of successful and failed security incidents within the water sector. These include cyber incidents, physical incidents, and other security related incidents. Many but not all of these are reported to and tracked by WaterISAC. Together, these resources are can be used by utility managers to identify risks, prepare for emergencies, and secure the nation's critical water infrastructure and the environment. American Water Works Association
Blue Peace is a method which seeks to transforms trans-boundary water issues into instruments for cooperation. This unique approach to turn tensions around water into opportunities for socio-economic development was developed by Strategic Foresight Group in partnership with the Governments of Switzerland and Sweden.
The Blue Peace is an innovative approach to engage political leaders, diplomats and populations in harnessing and managing collaborative solutions for sustainable water management.— Foreign Minister Didier Burkhalter of Swirtzerland, speaking at the UN General Assembly
Blue Peace is part of a larger trend of viewing water as a human right rather than a market commodity. When water is viewed as a human right, it empowers people in water stressed areas to manage their water sources effectively. Part of having effective management of water is ensuring that all socioeconomic groups of people in a region have adequate access to water, not just certain people.
Conventional fossil or nuclear energy based desalination
As new technological innovations continue to reduce the capital cost of desalination, more countries are building desalination plants as a small element in addressing their water crises.
- Israel desalinizes water for a cost of 53 cents per cubic meter
- Singapore desalinizes water for 49 cents per cubic meter and also treats sewage with reverse osmosis for industrial and potable use (NEWater).
- China and India, the world's two most populous countries, are turning to desalination to provide a small part of their water needs
- In 2007 Pakistan announced plans to use desalination
- All Australian capital cities (except Darwin, Northern Territory and Hobart) are either in the process of building desalination plants, or are already using them. In late 2011, Melbourne will begin using Australia's largest desalination plant, the Wonthaggi desalination plant to raise low reservoir levels.
- In 2007 Bermuda signed a contract to purchase a desalination plant
- The largest desalination plant in the United States is the one at Tampa Bay, Florida, which began desalinizing 25 million gallons (95000 m³) of water per day in December 2007. In the United States, the cost of desalination is $3.06 for 1,000 gallons, or 81 cents per cubic meter. In the United States, California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida use desalination for a very small part of their water supply.
- After being desalinized at Jubail, Saudi Arabia, water is pumped 200 miles (320 km) inland though a pipeline to the capital city of Riyadh.
A January 17, 2008, article in the Wall Street Journal states, "World-wide, 13,080 desalination plants produce more than 12 billion gallons of water a day, according to the International Desalination Association."
The world's largest desalination plant is the Jebel Ali Desalination Plant (Phase 2) in the United Arab Emirates. It is a dual-purpose facility that uses multi-stage flash distillation and is capable of producing 300 million cubic meters of water per year.
A typical aircraft carrier in the U.S. military uses nuclear power to desalinize 400,000 US gallons (1,500,000 L) of water per day.
While desalinizing 1,000 US gallons (3,800 L) of water can cost as much as $3, the same amount of bottled water costs $7,945.
However, given the energy intensive nature of desalination, with associated economic and environmental costs, desalination is generally considered a last resort after water conservation. But this is changing as prices continue to fall.
According to MSNBC, a report by Lux Research estimated that the worldwide desalinated water supply will triple between 2008 and 2020.
However, not everyone is convinced that desalination is or will be economically viable or environmentally sustainable for the foreseeable future. Debbie Cook, the former mayor of Huntington Beach, California, has been a frequent critic of desalination proposals ever since she was appointed as a member of the California Desalination Task Force. Cook claims that in addition to being energy intensive, desalination schemes are very costly—often much more costly than desalination proponents claim. In her writing on the subject, Cook points to a long list of projects that have stalled or been aborted for financial or other reasons, and suggests that water-stressed regions would do better to focus on conservation or other water supply solutions than to invest in desalination plants.
Solar energy based desalination
A novel approach to desalination is the seawater greenhouse, which takes seawater and uses solar energy to desalinate it in conjunction with growing food crops in a specially adapted greenhouse.
Food security with tiny water foot print
It is feasible to divert most of the available fresh water resources for drinking, industrial, hydro power and adequate environmental river flows purposes by reducing water use in agriculture which is consuming more than 80% of the global fresh water use. Without cultivating water intense crops, global food security can be achieved at faster pace by producing protein rich feed for cattle, poultry and fish from the cultivation of Methylococcus capsulatus bacteria culture with tiny land and water foot print using natural gas / biogas.
Water insecurity may lead to conflicts and wars
While the demand for water grows because of the growth of global population, many places around the world are also experiencing droughts and water pollution due to climate change. This could trigger intense competition for water, leading to regional instability and war.
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Stiglitz Joseph - Price of Inequality
Popis titulu: Stiglitz Joseph - Price of InequalityExplains why we are experiencing destructively high levels of inequality - and why this is not inevitable. This book focuses chiefly on the gross inequality to which these systems give rise, but also explains how inextricably interlinked they are.
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- Name Change on it’s way
- The Art of taking the right kind of break
- How not to waste 50 plastic bottles
- Top 10 skills children learn from the arts
- Beautiful images of play from around the world
- Some great play resources from a USA Children’s Museum
- Bob Hughes – Play theorist and activist
- 10 Mental Blocks to Creative Thinking
- What happened when I swapped my children’s toys for beads and cardboard?
- As Children’s Freedom Has Declined, So Has Their Creativity
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Tag Archives: thinking
BBC’s Horizon programme about Creative Insight saw Californian Professor of Psychology, Jonathan Schooler exploring what made people have creative insights or ‘aha’ moments and whether these could be deliberately increased. Experiments in thinking were set on the beach front; people came along to try lateral … Continue reading

domain: psychology


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Online trading platforms have developed into essential resources for investors looking to take advantage of market possibilities as the digital environment continues to change. In the middle of this Promising ecosystem those who want to get the most out of their trading experience must comprehend the subtleties of online brokers.
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LOUISVILLE, Ky. Papa John’s International Inc. has appointed president and chief operating officer Jude Thompson as co-chief executive to serve alongside the brand’s founder and spokesman, John Schnatter, the company said Thursday.
Thompson and Schnatter now join the ranks of restaurant industry co-CEOs with Steve Ells and Monty Moran at Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc., Larry Flax and Rick Rosenfield of California Pizza Kitchen Inc., and Rick Federico and Bert Vivian of P.F. Chang’s China Bistro Inc..
Schnatter founded Papa John’s in 1984 and serves as chairman and chief executive, the latter a role he returned to in 2008 after Nigel Travis stepped down to become CEO at Dunkin' Brands Inc.
“I am delighted that Jude and I will continue our work together, now as co-chief executive officers,” Schnatter said. “This appointment recognizes the partnership we have developed since I rejoined the day-to-day management of the company in December 2008 and allows us to divide CEO-level responsibilities in a way that our board agrees plays to our respective strengths.”
Under the new arrangement, Schnatter will oversee the brand’s sourcing of ingredients, distribution and product quality and continue to serve as Papa John’s spokesman. Thompson will be responsible for all other day-to-day operational aspects of the company.
“John is the face of this brand and is passionate about delivering a superior-quality product to our customers,” Thompson said. “I am excited about continuing to work alongside John, as well as with our franchise and corporate operators and management team, to continue to move our brand forward.”
Thompson joined the brand’s board of directors in 2008, and he was named president and chief operating officer in April 2009. He previously had served in an executive capacity for WellPoint Inc. and Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield.
Louisville-based Papa John’s operates or franchises more than 2,780 pizza restaurants in the United States.
Contact Mark Brandau at [email protected].

domain: food