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Salbutamol and ipratropium by inhaler is superior to nebulizer in children with severe acute asthma exacerbation: Randomized clinical trial. In moderate-severe asthma exacerbation, salbutamol by inhaler (MDI) is superior to salbutamol delivered by nebulizer (NEB); however, to our knowledge, no studies in children with exclusively severe exacerbations were performed.To compare the efficacy of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide by MDI versus by NEB in severe asthma exacerbations.We performed (...) a clinical trial enrolling 103 children (2-14 years of age) with severe asthma exacerbations (defined by the Pulmonary Score ≥ 7) seen at the emergency room in Asuncion, Paraguay. One group received salbutamol and ipratropium (two puff every 10 min for 2 h and then every 30 min for 2 h more) by MDI with a valved-holding chamber and mask along with oxygen by a cannula separately (MDI-SIB); and the other received nebulization with oxygen (NEB-SIB) of salbutamol and ipratropium (1 every 20 min for 2 h
Moreno R R Luque Leal J J Palacios Giner A A spa Clinical Trial Comparative Study English Abstract Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Comparación en estudio doble ciego de la asociación de un aerosol de salbutamol y bromuro de ipratropio y de su efecto individual en bronquitis crónica y asma bronquial. Spain Rev Clin Esp 8608576 0014-2565 0 Aerosols 0 Atropine Derivatives GR88G0I6UL Ipratropium QF8SVZ843E Albuterol IM Aerosols Albuterol administration & dosage Asthma drug therapy Atropine (...) [Comparison by double-blind study of the combination of an aerosol of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide and its individual effect in chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. 6229844 1984 03 22 2013 11 21 0014-2565 171 4 1983 Nov 30 Revista clinica espanola Rev Clin Esp [Comparison by double-blind study of the combination of an aerosol of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide and its individual effect in chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. 265-8 Baños Hidalgo P P Ramos Martos A A Cabrera
have questions please contact us via firstname.lastname@example.org Top results for albuterol 1. Clinical comparison of fenoterol and albuterol administered by inhalation. A double-blind study. 344007 1978 05 17 1978 05 17 2013 11 21 0012-3692 73 3 1978 Mar Chest Chest Clinical comparison of fenoterol and albuterol administered by inhalation. A double-blind study. 348-51 The effects of inhaling 0.4 mg of fenoterol hydrobromide (Berotec), 0.2 mg of albuterol (salbutamol), or placebo were compared (...) of Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema. Congestive Heart Failure Drug: Albuterol Drug: Normal Saline Phase 2 Phase 3 Study Type: Interventional 2010 8. A Study to Look at Day to Day Changes in Lung Function in COPD Subjects Taking Albuterol /Salbutamol and Ipratropium A Study to Look at Day to Day Changes in Lung Function in COPD Subjects Taking Albuterol /Salbutamol and Ipratropium - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health Example: "Heart attack" AND "Los Angeles
A Study of Daily Dosing With Levalbuterol, Racemic Albuterol, and Placebo in Pediatric Subjects With Asthma A Study of Daily Dosing With Levalbuterol, Racemic Albuterol, and Placebo in Pediatric Subjects With Asthma - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov Hide glossary Glossary Study record managers: refer to the if submitting registration or results information. Search for terms x × Study Record Detail Saved Studies Save this study Warning You have reached the maximum number of saved studies (...) (100). Please remove one or more studies before adding more. A Study of Daily Dosing With Levalbuterol, Racemic Albuterol, and Placebo in Pediatric Subjects With Asthma The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our for details. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01656811 Recruitment Status : Completed First Posted : August 3, 2012 Last Update
Safety Study of Albuterol SpiromaxÂ® in Subjects With Asthma Safety Study of Albuterol Spiromax® in Subjects With Asthma - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov Hide glossary Glossary Study record managers: refer to the if submitting registration or results information. Search for terms x × Study Record Detail Saved Studies Save this study Warning You have reached the maximum number of saved studies (100). Please remove one or more studies before adding more. Safety Study of Albuterol Spiromax® (...) ): Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Study Details Study Description Go to Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of Albuterol Spiromax® over 52 weeks during two dosing periods: (1) a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled QID dosing period followed by (2) a 40-week, open-label PRN dosing period, and to evaluate Albuterol Spiromax® device performance through the life of the device during the study. Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase Asthma Drug: Placebo MDPI
Salbutamol Administration via Nebulizer Versus Metered-Dose Inhalers: Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Salbutamol Administration via Nebulizer Versus Metered-Dose Inhalers: Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness | CADTH.ca Find the information you need Salbutamol Administration via Nebulizer Versus Metered-Dose Inhalers: Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Salbutamol Administration via Nebulizer Versus Metered-Dose Inhalers: Clinical Effectiveness and Cost (...) -Effectiveness Last updated: August 2, 2019 Project Number: RB1367-000 Product Line: Research Type: Drug Report Type: Summary of Abstracts Result type: Report Question What is the clinical effectiveness of administering salbutamol via nebulizer versus metered dose inhalers in pre-hospital or emergency settings? What is the cost-effectiveness of administering salbutamol via nebulizer versus metered dose inhalers in pre-hospital or emergency settings? Key Message One randomized controlled trial and one non
Efficacy and safety of ipratropium bromide/albuterol compared with albuterol in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Many patients with asthma require frequent rescue medication for acute symptoms despite appropriate controller therapies. Thus, determining the most effective relief regimen is important in the management of more severe asthma. This study's objective was to evaluate whether ipratropium bromide/albuterol metered-dose inhaler (CVT-MDI) provides (...) more effective acute relief of bronchospasm in moderate-to-severe asthma than albuterol hydrofluoroalkaline (ALB-HFA) alone after 4 weeks.In this double-blind, crossover study, patients who had been diagnosed with asthma for ≥1 year were randomized to two sequences of study medication "as needed" for symptom relief (1-7 day washout before second 4-week treatment period): CVT-MDI/ALB-HFA or ALB-HFA/CVT-MDI. On days 1 and 29 of each sequence, 6-hour serial spirometry was performed after
RANDOMISED DOUBLE BLIND STUDY TO COMPARE EFFECTIVENESS OF HONEY, SALBUTAMOL AND PLACEBO IN TREATMENT OF COUGH IN CHILDREN WITH COMMON COLD. Acute upper respiratory infection is the most common childhood illness and presents with cough, coryza and fever. Available evidence suggests that cough medicines may be no more effective than honey-based cough remedies.To compare effectiveness of honey, salbutamol and placebo in the treatment of cough in children with acute onset cough.Randomised control (...) trial.Aga Khan University Hospital Paediatric Casualty.Children between ages one to twelve years presenting with a common cold between December 2010 and February 2012 were enrolled.Frequency, severity and extent to which cough bothered and disturbed child and parental sleep were assessed at baseline and over the subsequent five days through telephone interview using a validated scoring tool.One hundred and forty five children were enrolled in the study (45- placebo, 57 -honey, 43 -salbutamol
Response to nebulized salbutamol versus combination with ipratropium bromide in children with acute severe asthma. To compare the efficacy of nebulised salbutamol alone and in combination with ipratropium bromide in acute severe asthma in children.The randomised controlled trial was conducted at the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from October 2012 to March 2013, and comprised patients with acute severe asthma who were randomised into two equal groups. Group A patients received 3 (...) doses of nebulised salbutamol alone (0.03 ml/kg/dose) at 15-minute intervals and Group B received 3 similar doses of salbutamol along with ipratropium (250 ug/dose). Acute severe asthma was categorised as serve exacerbation (clinical score >10) and moderate (5-10 score) based on Bentur Modification. Efficacy was measured after 5minutes of the last dose by change in severity score from severe exacerbation (baseline) to low score. SPSS 10 was used for statistical analysis.There were two groups of 100
Acute effects of salbutamol on systemic vascular function in people with asthma. Asthmatics are at increased cardiovascular disease risk, which has been linked to beta2(β2)-agonist use. Inhalation of β2-agonists increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in healthy individuals, however the systemic impact of salbutamol in asthmatics using β2-agonists regularly is unknown.This study compared the systemic vascular responses to a clinical dose of salbutamol (Phase I) and following an acute (...) increase in SNA (Phase II) in asthmatics and controls.Fourteen controls and 14 asthmatics were recruited for Phase I. On separate days, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and peripheral arterial stiffness (pPWV) were evaluated at baseline and following either 400 μg inhaled salbutamol or a placebo inhaler. For Phase II, heart rate, blood pressure, vascular conductance, pPWV, and central (c)PWV were evaluated in response to a large increase in SNA brought on by cold-water hand immersion (i.e. cold-pressor
A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Albuterol Metered-dose Inhaler (BDA MDI/PT027) in Adults and Children 4 Years of Age or Older With Asthma A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Albuterol Metered-dose Inhaler (BDA MDI/PT027) in Adults and Children 4 Years of Age or Older With Asthma - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov Hide glossary Glossary Study record managers: refer to the if submitting registration or results information. Search for terms x × Study (...) Record Detail Saved Studies Save this study Warning You have reached the maximum number of saved studies (100). Please remove one or more studies before adding more. A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Albuterol Metered-dose Inhaler (BDA MDI/PT027) in Adults and Children 4 Years of Age or Older With Asthma (MANDALA) The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated
Albuterol multidose dry powder inhaler and albuterol hydrofluoroalkane versus placebo in children with persistent asthma. Many children struggle with albuterol hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) inhalers. Albuterol multidose dry powder inhaler (MDPI) may simplify rescue bronchodilator use in children.To demonstrate the comparability of albuterol MDPI and albuterol HFA in children with asthma.This phase II, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, single-dose, five-period, crossover study randomized (...) patients (ages 4-11 years) with persistent asthma and prestudy forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 60-90% of predicted to 1 of 10 treatment sequences that contained albuterol MDPI (90 and 180 μg), albuterol HFA (90 and 180 μg), and placebo MDPI and placebo HFA. Efficacy was evaluated by measuring the area under the baseline-adjusted percent-predicted FEV1-time curve over 6 hours (PPFEV1 AUC0-6) after dosing. Safety was evaluated by adverse events.The full analysis set included 61 patients
of nebulised salbutamol in patients with bronchiolitis. References Schuh S, Canny G, Reismann JJ, Kerem E, Bentur L, Petric M, Levison H. Nebulised albuterol in acute bronchiolitis. Journal of Pediatrics. 1990;117(4):633-637. Klassen TP, Rowe PC, Sutcliffe T, Ropp LJ, McDowell IW, Li MM. Randomised trial of salbutamol in acute bronchiolitis. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1991;118(5):807-811. Gadomski AM, Aref GH, EL Din OB, EL Sawy IH, Khallaf N, Black RE. Oral versus nebulised albuterol in the management (...) of bronchiolitis. Singapore Medical Journal. 1997;38(8):326-328. Dobson JV, Stephen -Groff SM, McMahon SR, Stemmler MM, Brallier SL, Bay C. The use of albuterol in hospitalised infants with bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 1998;101(3 Pt 1):361-368. Ho L, Collis G, Landau LI, Le Souf PN. Effect of salbutamol on oxygen saturation in bronchiolitis. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1991;66(9):1061-1064. Wang EE, Milner R, Allen U, Maj H. Bronchodilators for treatment of mild bronchiolitis : a factorial randomised trial
Efficacy and safety of a first-in-class inhaled PDE3/4 inhibitor (ensifentrine) vs salbutamol in asthma. This study aimed to investigate the dose-response and pharmacology of a range of single doses of nebulised ensifentrine (RPL554), an inhaled dual phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3/4 inhibitor in patients with asthma.In this randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study, patients received single nebulised doses of ensifentrine 0.4, 1.5, 6 and 24 mg, salbutamol 2.5 and 7.5 mg (...) , and placebo. Eligible patients were adults with asthma, pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 60-90% predicted and ≥1.5 L, with post-salbutamol FEV1 increase ≥15%. The co-primary objectives were peak and average FEV1 over 12 h for ensifentrine vs placebo and salbutamol. Secondary endpoints included: peak and average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and ECG heart rate; and safety and tolerability (adverse events [AEs], and serum potassium). ClinicalTrials.gov
Effects of a PICU Status Asthmaticus De-Escalation Pathway on Length of Stay and Albuterol Use. Evaluate the effects of an asthma de-escalation clinical pathway on selected outcomes for patients admitted to a PICU with status asthmaticus.Time series quality improvement trial.PICU in a tertiary care children's hospital.Children age 2-18 years old with a known diagnosis of asthma presenting with status asthmaticus.One-hundred five admissions to a PICU for status asthmaticus were treated according (...) to a new de-escalation pathway between August 15, 2015, and August 30, 2016. This group was compared with a prepathway group of 141.Primary outcome was variability in PICU length of stay. Secondary outcomes were median PICU length of stay, median hospital length of stay, and median duration a patient received continuous nebulized albuterol. The effectiveness of the intervention was tracked using control charts. The postpathway group demonstrated decreased variability of PICU length of stay and time
Is Transcellular Potassium Shifting With Insulin, Albuterol, or Sodium Bicarbonate in Emergency Department Patients With Hyperkalemia Associated With Recurrent Hyperkalemia After Dialysis? Emergency department (ED) treatment of hyperkalemia often involves shifting potassium into the intracellular space. There is uncertainty whether transcellular shifting causes insufficient potassium removal during hemodialysis, resulting in a subsequent need for further medical therapy or multiple sessions (...) of hemodialysis.We sought to determine whether transcellular potassium shifting in ED patients with hyperkalemia who undergo hemodialysis is associated with recurrent hyperkalemia with or without repeat hemodialysis within 24 h.This was a retrospective observational study of ED patients with a potassium value > 5.3 mmol/L and ≥1 hemodialysis run. Transcellular shifting medications were defined as albuterol, insulin, and sodium bicarbonate. Primary outcomes were recurrent hyperkalemia with and without repeat
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with use of salbutamol nebulisation and aminophylline infusion in a patient with acute asthma exacerbation Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome or stress-induced cardiomyopathy is characterised by transient left ventricular dysfunction, mimicking myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease or acute plaque rupture on coronary angiography. The exact mechanism of myocardial dysfunction in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is unknown
Bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of (R)â€salbutamol and (S)â€salbutamol enantiomers in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and lung tissue of horses Salbutamol is usually administered as a racemic mixture but little is known about the enantioselectivity of salbutamol pharmacokinetics in the lung. This study was designed to investigate enantiomer concentrations in lung tissue after inhaled dosing.Horses (n = 12) received racemic salbutamol 1000 μg via inhalation. Enantioselective ultra (...) performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine salbutamol concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) sampled 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after administration, in central lung (endoscopic bronchial biopsy) and peripheral lung (percutaneous pulmonary biopsy) tissues (at 20 and 25 min respectively), and in plasma samples.Mean ± 95% confidence interval (CI) yield of PELF was 57 ± 10 mg. Initial mean ± 95%CI (R)- and (S)-salbutamol PELF concentrations were 389 ± 189 ng

domain: medical


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Kitty Kallen - My Coloring Book flac album
Title: My Coloring Book
Style: Vocal, Musical
MP3 album: 1382 mb
FLAC album: 1481 mb
Other formats: MMF VQF RA ASF WMA DTS MP3
Genre: Pop / Media
The Kitty Kallen Story. Fred Ebb, John Kander. 5. They're Either Too Young or Too Old. Frank Loesser, Arthur Schwartz.
Kitty Kallen - My Colouring Book. Download MP3. Kitty Kallen.
Kitty Kallen - My Coloring Book.
Format: Vinyl, LP, Album, Mono, Hollywood Pressing. Country: US. Released: 1963. Written-By – Kander - Ebb. Written-By – Allie Wrubel, Herbert Magidson.
Kitty Kallen (born May 25, 1922) is an American popular singer who performed with a number of big bands in the 1940s, and scored her biggest hit, a number in 1954 with the song "Little Things Mean a Lot". Style:MLA Chicago APA. "My Coloring Book Album. Missing lyrics by Kitty Kallen? Know any other songs by Kitty Kallen?
I'll Walk Alone, 02:57. In the Chapel in the Moonlight, 02:37. My Coloring Book, 03:33. Are You Looking for a Sweetheart, 03:03.
Kitty Kallen In The Chapel In The Moonlight. Kitty Kallen Juke Box Annie. Kitty Kallen My Heart Belongs To Daddy. Kitty Kallen I Want You All to Myself (Just You) (1954).
Latest version of the music album Kitty Kallen - My Coloring Book Download Free. MP3, FLAC, WMA audio format. ZIP and RAR archives. Performer: Kitty Kallen Genre: Pop, Stage & Screen Album: My Coloring Book Released: 1962 Style: Vocal, Musical.
Tracklist Hide Credits
|A||My Coloring Book
Written-By – Kander-Ebb*
|B||If I Give My Heart To You||2:46|
- Conductor [Orchestra], Arranged By – Ray Ellis

domain: artistic


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Education International joins other global union federations and the International Trade Union Confederation in welcoming the release of Hong Kong’s top union leader from jail and condemning the continuous harassment of trade unionists, including in the education sector, by public forces.
Released on 8 January, one day after her imprisonment, after swift international mobilisation, Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (HKCTU) president, Carol Ng, stated: “As a union fighter for many years, I know why I committed to my union role and the union fight. I will carry on with what I should do as a union leader, and as a Hong Konger.”
Ng was arrested by local police, along with 52 other activists, for allegedly breaching the National Security law and trying to “overthrow” the government by holding primary elections for pro-democracy candidates in the 2020 postponed elections.
Serious violation of fundamental human rights
“These arrests represent a major violation of basic human rights, in particular freedom of expression and freedom of association, and a clear denial of democratic values,” Education International’s General Secretary, David Edwards said. “We urge the public authorities of Hong Kong to act immediately to release all activists still detained and for the Hong Kong and Chinese governments to revoke this terrible law.”
In the education sector more specifically, Education International condemns the decertification of two teachers and the move by the authorities to muzzle critical thinking by imposing restrictions to curricula in liberal studies subjects in senior secondary education.
On-going harassment of unionised workers
In July 2020, Education International, signed the Council of Global Unions’ joint solidarity statement demanding justice for Lee Cheuk Yan - arrested HKCTU General Secretary – and called on the Hong Kong’ public authorities protect their citizens’ fundamental rights.
The global trade union community will continue to monitor closely the situation of human and trade union rights in this country.

domain: law


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“Marcus Reeves gives voice to the world that hip-hop created and still hopes to create.”—Mark Anthony Neal, author of New Black Man
“It's inspiring when a writer can bring insight, conviction and perspective to a subject too often lost in myth and controversy. Marcus Reeves does that and more. He knows the music and the history, and brings both vividly to life here.”—Anthony DeCurtis, Contributing Editor, Rolling Stone
"Pay attention: one of the most compelling writers of our generation has arrived. Somebody Scream! is a deeply imagined, finely balanced, and richly detailed narrative of our nation's complicated, contradictory, often explosive post-Black Power journey."—Jeff Chang, author of Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation
“Reeves honors hip hop culture by illuminating it. He tells the story with great insight and deep compassion.”—David Ritz, author of Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye
“If in Somebody Scream! Marcus Reeves only provided his exegesis of Public Enemy and Chuck D, it would be an indispensable book. The rest of the chapters, for me, are added value—and extremely valuable. What a remarkable new writer and scholar!”—Herb Boyd, author of Baldwin’s Harlem
"Somebody Scream! is a panoramic, icon-by-icon rendering of hip hop. In the crowded field of hip hop lit, this book is a stand-out. Marcus Reeves has composed a portrait of the culture that possesses all the verve, intellect and swagger of a classic Rakim line."—William Jelani Cobb, author of To The Break of Dawn: A Freestyle on the Hip Hop Aesthetic
"In Somebody Scream, hip-hop adopts a broader role in context to African-American history. According to Marcus Reeves's book on the storied genre's major movements, hip-hop seceded the Black Power Movement of the 1960s as a cultural force for minorities in the United States to latch on. Of course, Reeves discusses the rise of acts like Public Enemy and Run DMC, but his analysis takes into account COINTELPRO, Assata Shakur's murder trial, and other key political events that have fueled their post Civil Rights aesthetic. He depicts rap music as a natural evolution from these watershed moments. No book about hip-hip is complete without a thorough study of Public Enemy and the haloed ensemble's contributions to rap music. Although Reeves starts his analysis fairly early in the book, he is careful to avoid sanctifying the group. Whereas most written accounts paint Public Enemy's music as a perfect amalgam of angst and intellect, Reeves shows instances where the group's political fervor was misguided . . . More importantly, Somebody Scream shows that Public Enemy and other hip-hop artists were not in an ageless vacuum when they conceived their masterpieces. On several occasions, the book makes the distinction that these groups were not making protest music just because it was cool, but in response to the tense social climate of the day. Reeves writes about Reaganomics, Yusef Hawkins's murder, and Jesse Jackson's 1988 stint for presidency under the guise that these events motivated hip-hop's lyrical content. To him, this on-record activism is akin to the militant efforts of the Black Panthers and other Civil Rights organizations. Just as early hip-hop transitions from the Black Power Movement of the 60s and 70s, Somebody Scream notes the point when the conscious music of Public Enemy shifts to the gangsta rap of Death Row Records. Reeves dedicates two chapters to Dr. Dre, Snoop Dog, and Tupac Shakur, documenting the rise of hardcore west coast hip-hop. Yet, Reeves does not spare the aggressive music from having its own share of political undertones. This connection is not all too far-fetched given that California rap's prominence coincided with Rodney King's beating and the L.A. Race Riots . . . Somebody Scream's final movement documents hip-hop's marriage to capitalism and extreme commodization. These chapters perhaps represent Reeves at his strongest as he wields through an era that he does not necessarily hold in the highest regard. Sean 'Puffy' Combs headlines Reeves's discussion of the genre's developed obsession with diamonds and shiny suits. Although the multimedia mogul is often blamed for adulterating rap's political message with meretricious showcases of wealth, Reeves reminds readers that Combs is foundationally as hardworking and relentless as anyone in the music business . . . He grants each period in hip-hop its share of recognition and acknowledges its contributions to the history in whole. Somebody Scream is not a nostalgic glimpse back in the golden age, but rather an objective document of hip-hop defining epochs and the social milestones that influences them. The painstakingly researched book is nowrequired reading for a class at Brooklyn College and is being compared to Jeff Chang's Can't Stop, Won't Stop in terms of its thoroughness and wide-ranging subject matter. With this book, rap's archives have grown that much stronger as Reeves, with his culturally astute eye, records the timeless hands of hip-hop history."—Sidik Fofana, Mosaic magazine "The history of rap music, told against the backdrop of race relations in post-civil rights America. The story of this powerfully influential and yet surprisingly little-understood American musical genre has been told several times in the past few years; there would seem little need for yet one more account. Journalist Reeves's first book more than makes the case for its necessity, however . . . Couched in the lively prose of a cultural reporter, his thesis is that generations with little direct connection to the civil-rights or black-power eras find in rap culture 'the popular voice of America's black, brown, and white underclass. (Those huddled masses yearning to breathe free and, one day, [be] rich enough to drive off in a Bentley.)' To illustrate this idea, Reeves takes readers through a muscular narrative of rap music that gets more done by leapfrogging from one milestone to the next, avoiding the risk of spreading itself thin by attempting to be definitive. Each chapter places a particular artist or group in the context of what was happening simultaneously in racial politics, whether it was the assault on black teenagers at Howard Beach that inspired Run-D.M.C. or the Million Man March with Tupac Shakur. His attempt to suss out what exactly rap means in the modern black community is incisive and hopeful without succumbing to the hyperbolic claims common to music journalists. Energetic music analysis that's both celebratory and unusually honest."—Kirkus Reviews"Drawing upon his 15 years as a journalist writing on youth culture and politics, Reeves traces the political history and influence of rap since the decline of the black power movement in the 1970s. His thesis, succinctly stated, is that rap music is a 'hardrock vessel carrying the hopes, anger, disappointments, attitude, and history of post-black power America.' Chronologically focusing on ten artists who have had a major impact on rap over the last three decades (from Run-D.M.C. and Public Enemy to Eminem and Jay-Z), Reeves places each musician within the sociopolitical context of the times . . . Reeves underscores the importance of rap as an art form that continues to evolve while remaining a viable means through which to channel future discourse of post-black power America."—Joshua Finnell, McNeese State University Library, Lake Charles, Louisiana, Library Journal"Journalist Reeves proves himself an insightful and capable historian in this collection of essays examining the rise of ten distinct hip-hop movements and their respective avatars. The author displays a remarkable talent for linking lyrics and interviews with broad artistic and historical themes. Locating each artist within their larger social context, he also uses artist lyrics as apertures to overriding socio-political motifs, combing through tracks and imputing rhymes to the relevant racial struggles of the day."—Publishers Weekly
Marcus Reeves has covered youth culture and politics for over fifteen years, in publications such as The Washington Post, The New York Times, The Village Voice, Rolling Stone, Vibe, and The Source.


Maurice Ravel – Jeux d’eau
“Jeux d’eau” (Water Games) is a piece for solo piano by Maurice Ravel that intends to describe a scene of water games. It is a composition of very evocative atmospheres and to express effectively the suggestion of the sound of the water, it hinges on colourful chords, incessant arpeggi, cadenze, often realized on the high piano notes; the tonality, costantly floating, and the harmonic progressions help to create the evocative image of the water in movement.
At the time of writing “Jeux d’eau”, Ravel was a student of Gabriel Fauré, to whom the piece is dedicated. Pianist Ricardo Viñes was the first to publicly perform the work in 1902, although it had been privately performed for Les Apaches previously.
The piece was inspired by Franz Liszt’s piece “Les jeux d’eau à la Villa d’Este”, and Ravel explained its origins in this way: “Jeux d’eau, appearing in 1901, is at the origin of the pianistic novelties which one would notice in my work. This piece, inspired by the noise of water and by the musical sounds which make one hear the sprays water, the cascades, and the brooks, is based on two motives in the manner of the movement of a sonata—without, however, subjecting itself to the classical tonal plan”.
Written on the manuscript by Ravel, and often included on published editions, is the text “Dieu fluvial riant de l’eau qui le chatouille…” a quote from Henri de Régnier’s Cité des eaux, which in English editions is sometimes translated to “River god laughing as the water tickles him…”.
Pianist: Jean-Efflam Bavouzet


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This review may contain spoilers. I can handle the truth.
I may not be a movie buff like the rest of you on this site, having only recently become enthralled in cinema, but I believe that I am capable of recognizing a masterpiece of film when I see it. This movie is a revelation.
Film has never been explored at this depth (no pun intended), and I'm not sure if it ever will again. Nolan is truly a master of his craft. It is amazing how he can combine all…


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I’ve been looking at my life in the wrong way.
Everything I’ve been aiming to implement in terms of my workflow, productivity, emotional well-being, happiness, ambition etc. have been within the average context of the rest of the world.
Why haven’t I gone about this in a more unique way? Simple: it ain’t that easy.
I have however decided that whilst I may not know exactly how to go about this “revolution” in my life, I won’t settle for this constant feeling of unrest & uncertainty. Having also had a generally awesome January thus far (and I’ve been dedicated in hitting most of my goals for 2010), I can’t bash my existing day-to-day life too much, but there is nothing that is not optimized just yet; something that is not quite Adii.
I think I’m past the fact that I need to steer clear of the online world every now and again, need to exercise more and all the other “become a happier you”-stuff (I’m already doing pretty well in achieving all of these). The inherent problem with all of these theories are that they were conceptualized to be generic and once again: average with the context of the rest of the world. On a certain level, this doesn’t relate to personal happiness and instead it just perpetuates this rat-race towards achieving a personal zen of sorts (which is contradictory, since most of the measures should take you away from the rat-race).
Revolution is on its way. In one form or another (TBA).

domain: psychology


text:
River City Wrestling held a big show at the Bellaire Baptist Church Gym Friday Night and a capacity crowd was treated to five matches featuring RCW favorites and several new faces. The main event blew the roof off the house. The show got started when Ray the Voice introduced ring announcer Jeff Houston who called out all the participants in the night's main event. RCW President Brandon Oliver lead Team Mex to the ring. Hotstuff Hernandez, Sicodelico Jr., Don Juan and Chris Marval entered the ring like they owned it. Next Commissioner Yebisu lead out the members of his team: The new IPS, including Masada, Ikaika, One Man Mike Dell and Showtime Summers. The stipulations for the main event were then announced. The Cage Match will be handled "Wargames" style. Two men would start, every 90 seconds a new man will enter the ring, alternating teams, until all 8 men are in the ring. From that point on, wrestlers are eliminated by pinfall or submission. The winning team will have control of RCW for the next 4 shows, while the losing team will lose the services of their manager. A coin toss was held to determine which team would have the advantage of entering the ring first. Team Mex won the toss, but the wrestlers were ready to get the action started and a brawl broke out. The wrestlers in the lockerroom had to come out to break up the melee.
When the ring was finally cleared, the first official match of the night was announced. Nasty Nick Daniels came out first. Next the music of the Nerdy Boys hit and Johnny Ender & Kris Kronie came to the ring. Ender explained that while the Hardbodies have their "Hardbody in Training," or HIT and the Texas Treats have their "Treats in Training," or TITs, the Nerdy Boys now have a "Nerd in Training," or NIT. With that said, Kris Kronie introduced to the crowd his "brother" Bodhi. Bohdi and Daniels entertained the crowd with a humorous match with the smaller Bodhi struggling to get his offense in on the taller Daniels. Bodhi eventually turned things his way when he hit a head butt from the top rope and got the pin on Daniels.
The second match saw two new more new faces. Total Playa Scott McKenzie came out accompanied by Naughty Nicky. McKenzie's opponent was "The Cruiserweight Killer" B.J. Turner. The fans took a wait and see attitude to the newcomers at first, but it wasn't long before they realized that these two wrestlers were something special. The match basically blew the crowd away, and when Turner finished the match with a curb stomp variation followed by his 12 point stretch, the crowd responded with a standing ovation.
Next was a triple threat lumberjack strap match as 12 fans were selected to serve as the lumberjacks. First out was the Bling King Quinten Allen, who proclaimed he was RCW's master of the strap match, and that he was so confident that he would put his "Bling King" title on the line. Next out came the newest member of the Hardbodies, Joey Spector. The final competitor was Mr. Beautiful Rudy Russo who was welcomed back by the RCW fans. Normally fan lumberjack strap matches are one sided as the fans protect their favorites and wail on the other wrestler, but this was a triple threat match with no real fan favorites involved, so all three men took a fair amount of straps to their backs. It was Spector, however who took the worst of it. Huge welts were raised on his back by the end of the match. Quinten Allen scored pins on both men with a dual leg drop off the top rope. After the match, the fans chanted "Thank you Spector" for the beating he had taken for their enjoyment.
The next match was a tag team match. The first team came to the ring and introduced themselves as Nikko and Franco, "The Perfection Connection." Their opponents were the Nerdy Boys. The Nerds were outweighed by over 150 lbs by the muscular Nikko and Franco. Ender and Kronie were used to being underdogs however and put up a solid showing, negating the size and strength advantage but Perfection Connection was not above using some double team tactics which resulted in a violent slam on Kronie and Nikko covered him for the pin.
The main event was next. A ten-foot cage was set up around the ring and was stabilized with two platforms on opposite corners. The first two men in the ring were Don Juan and Ikaika. Every 90 seconds a new man entered in this order: Sicodelico Jr., Mike Dell, Chris Marval, Showtime Summers, Hotstuff Hernandez and finally Masada. This was a high action match which clearly earned a "Match of the Year" consideration. The eliminations came as follows. Mike Dell was eliminated first, having missed a cross body from the top platform on Hernandez who followed up with a power slam. Next Hotstuff was eliminated when Ikaika splashed him from the top of the cage. Showtime was eliminated by Sicodelico Jr. Next Chris Marval was submitted by Ikaika. Next eliminated was Ikaika, who caught Don Juan's moonsault from the top of the cage. While Don Juan recovered from that incredible move, Sicodelico Jr. was unmasked by Masada and Yebisu hit him with the green mist through the cage. Masada then made the cover, eliminating Sicodelico Jr. leaving only Masada and Don Juan. A few moments earlier, Brandon Oliver and Hotstuff had slid a table into the ring and now both Masada and Don Juan battled to gain control. The final moment came when Masada positioned Don Juan on the table, climbed to the top of the cage then hit a 450 splash through Don Juan and the table. Referee Alex Marrozos counted the pin and the match was over.
After the match, Hotstuff Hernandez challenged Ikaika to a title match at the next show. Ikaika accepted. This should be some match as with this match, Ikaika is the only man to have pinned Hotstuff in RCW. The match will headline the show on December 2nd at Mission Park 6030 Padre Drive, taking place at the "San Antonio for Jesus Explosion from Noon to 10 PM. This is a FREE EVENT and the wrestling will take place from 2-4 pm. This will be the last RCW show of the year and fans are invited to come out and see the first of 4 shows controlled by Yebisu's new IPS. Check out www.rcw-wrestling.com for all the details.
River City Wrestling Bellaire Baptist Church Gym Saturday, November 18
Match # 1 - Nasty Nick Daniels vs. "Nerd in Training" Bodhi (win) w/ Johnny Ender & Kris Kronie
Match # 2 - Total Playa Scott McKenzie w/ Naughty Nicky vs. BJ Turner (win)
Match # 3 - Three-Way Fan Lumberjack Strap Match
"Bling King" Quinten Allen (win) vs. Hardbody Joey Spector vs. Mr. Beautiful Rudy Russo
Match # 4 - Tag Match
"The Perfection Connection" - Nikko & Franco (win) vs. The Nerdy Boys - Johnny Ender & Kris Kronie w/ Bodhi
Match # 5 - Main Event - 8-Man elimination Cage Match
Team Mex - Don Juan, Sicodelico Jr., Chris Marval & Hotstuff Hernandez w/Brandon Oliver vs. The New IPS - Ikaika, Mike Dell, Showtime Summers & Masada w/ Yebisu (win)
PWI Saturday Night
Pro Wrestling International Entertainment held a show at SPLACH Sports bar Saturday night. This report comes directly from their web page www.freewebs.com/pwientertainment/
Pro Wrestling International Entertainment had a great show this past Saturday November 18, at Splach Bar and Grill. We had a huge turn out of fans and friends, as well as PWI regulars.
PWI featured a series of 3 exhibition, qualifying matches. Debuting UWA talent such as Boogeyman, Sensational Sal, Chino, Dingo, and the most impressive talent being Problems.
The PWI show kicked off with our Commissioner Rick the Stick, addressing the fans, thanking them for a great year, and giving them a taste of what's to come in 2007. The mic was then turned over to our Ring Announcer J. D. Kingston, who then introduced the referee for the night, today's most athletic referee, Terry Sleeze.
The first match featured, 210 Mobs J.J. Wakefield, accompanied by 210 Mob Leader Ricky Rhodes, and WWE prospect Bio-Hazard (Jakus Pliskin). The match started off quickly, with some text book wrestling holds, but escalated into a brawl shortly into the match as Bio-Hazard became annoyed with the antics of J. J. Wakefield and Ricky Rhodes. Afer a Northern Lights Suplex and a Neck Breaker from Bio-Hazard, it was time to put Wakefield away. Bio-Hazard quickly slapped on his modified Cobra Clutch Submission, which left J. J. Wakefield with no choice but to tap out. After the match Ricky Rhodes entered the ring and signaled for the Tag Team Champions, Blaine Steel and Ozzy Manson. The 210 Mob began to gang up on Bio-Hazard. As Ozzy Manson and Ricky Rhodes set up Bio-Hazard for a Top Rope Superplex, Mojo emerged from the locker room, stopping the assault, and attacking Ricky Rhodes. Both Bio-Hazard and Mojo cleared the ring.
The second match of the evening was for the PWI Light Heavyweight Championship, currently held by Dragon X, who has had three month run with it. Dragon X defended his title against Gabe the Babe, and Lucha Star Gato Jr, in this three way match. It was fast paced, hard hitting, and full of high fly action. Dragon X was about to put away Gato Jr. until Gabe the Babe close lined him from behind, sending him outside the ring. Gabe the Babe quickly capitalized on the situation, by pinning the already knocked out Gato Jr, to become the new PWI Light Heavyweight Champion!
After the second match Rick the Stick entered the ring, to once again thank the fans for all their support, until he was interrupted, and bullied by all four members of the 210 Mob. As the team of Ozzy Manson and Blaine Steel, began to verbally assault The Houligans, regarding past events concerning their ongoing feud over the Tag Team Titles, Ricky Rhodes snatched the microphone from Ozzy's hand and directed the assault on Mojo, calling him a "Brazilian Gorilla", and insinuating that Mojo was avoiding a confrontation with him. At this time Mojo answered Ricky Rhodes call, and made his way to the ring. As Mojo climbed into the ring the 210 Mob scattered. After Mojo spat on Rhodes and called him a "little girl", he then answered Ricky Rhodes challenge for the International Title naming Ricky as his opponent for the night. The 210 Mob made their way back to the locker room, but Ricky Rhodes continued his rant. The fans clearly stated their support for Mojo by drowning out any sound that may have come out of the 210 Mob, by chanting Mojo's name. Rick the Stick thanked Mojo and stated "That's How You Take Out The Trash"!
The third match was for the PWI World Title, currently held by Madd Dogg Ken Johnson. His opponent for the night was the crude cowboy from Sweet Water Texas, Bobby Garrett. This match had all the ingredients for being a great contest, with all the knowledge and experience of both competitors. However, the match quickly spiraled into a slug fest, favoring Bobby Garrett. As Madd Dogg, began to fight back, Bobby Garrett reversed the momentum of Ken Johnson continuing the beat down the Champion. The brawl eventually spilled outside of the ring, where referee Terry Sleeze called the match, but neither opponent would let up on the other. The action continued through out the crowd as Madd Dogg threw Bobby Garrett to the fence and also on top of the merchandise table. Bobby Garrett tried to regroup by running back into the ring, but Madd Dogg Ken Johnson was right behind him, lifting Bobby up and hitting him with his signature Tomb Stone Pile Driver.
The next match was for the International Heavyweight Title, featuring the challenger, Ricky Rhodes, 210 Mob Leader, and the Champion, Mojo from Brazil. This match was previously scheduled to be the main event of the evening, however the tension between Mojo and Ricky Rhodes could not be delayed any longer. As Ricky Rhodes hit the ring, accompanied by the entire 210 Mob, fans anxiously awaited the arrival of Mojo, while heckling the members of the Mob. Mojo made his way through the crowd with his International Title, and Brazilian/US flag in hand. The match began with a series of chain wrestling, and looked like it would be a sportsman like match, until Ricky Rhodes quickly turned the tide with a drop toe hold, and disrespectful slap to the back of the head of Mojo. Mojo shook it off and tied up with Ricky once more, with Mojo giving Ricky Rhodes a hammer lock, spinning him around and returning the favor with a slap of his own, sending Ricky Rhodes outside of the ring. As Ricky Rhodes reentered the ring, Mojo became distracted by Ozzy Manson and Blaine Steel, which allowed Ricky to attack Mojo from behind, and continue his assault on the champion. Ricky delivered a series of punches, but Mojo began to fight back, sending Ricky Rhodes to the corner, and giving him a Stinger Splash. Mojo went for the pin, but Ricky kicked out before the 3 count, and gave Mojo a low blow. The match continued with Ricky Rhodes delivering a vicious clothesline to Mojo. Rhodes then wasted time talking trash to the crowd, and Mojo was able to regroup and catch Ricky Rhodes sending him to the canvas with a Choke Slam. Mojo then went to cover Ricky Rhodes for the pin. At this time the other members of the 210 Mob rushed the ring, but Mojo quickly defended himself. This gave Ricky Rhodes time to get on his feet charging Mojo with a clothes line, however Mojo was able to duck out of the way and kicked Rhodes in the gut. He followed with his signature move The Skull Buster, scoring the win.
The main event of the night was for the PWI Tag Team Titles. The 210 Mob, once again hit the ring, but this time it was Ozzy Manson and Blaine Steel without their leader. Their opponents for this event, were Sidney Australia's own The Houligans, Crazy Jimmy and Bull Harley. The match featured rule breaking antics by both teams, as well as high impact moves. The Houligans easily became the fan favorites. Both teams consistently countered each others offense through out the contest. In the end it seemed the Down Under on Blaine Steel would crown the Houligans as the new Tag Team Champions, but once again the remaining Mob members emerged from the locker room, breaking up the count, which ended the match in a disqualification, and the title remained in the hands of the Mob. The 210 Mob ganged up on The Houligans, and it seemed as though they would continue to punish them, but Mojo and Madd Dogg Ken Johnson charged out of the locker room, to once again "Take out the trash!" As the 210 Mob regrouped, they pointed out that the titles could not change hands on a DQ, and they remained the champions. At this time PWI Commisioner Rick the Stick interfered and stated that he was "tired of the 210 Mobs antics" and got his revenge by stripping them of their titles. Rick the Stick declared the titles vacant, and announced that a tournament would be held for the tag team titles after the new year.
Pro Wrestling International SPLACH Sports Bar Saturday November 18, 2006
Match # 1 - JJ Wakefield vs. Bio-Hazards (win)
Match # 2 - 3-Way Light Heavyweight Championship
Challenger Gato Jr. vs. Challenger Gabe the Babe (win & new champion) vs. Champion Dragon X
Match # 3 - World Title Match
Challenger Bobby Garrett vs. Mad Dog Ken Johnson (win & retain title)
Match # 4 - International Heavyweight Title Match
Challenger Ricky Rhodes vs. Champion Mojo (win & retain title)
Match # 5 - Tag Team Championship
Challengers The Houligans - Crazy Jimmy & Bull Harley (win by DQ - titles held up) vs. 210 Mob - Ozzy Manson & Blaine Steele w/ Ricky Rhodes
ACW Sunday Show
American Championship Wrestling held a show Sunday afternoon at the Venue and fans were treated six matches involving the wrestlers of ACW and the TWE invaders.
The first match saw Ricky Rhodes facing Prince Fontenot. The Lone Star Kid Rhodes put up a good effort against the bodybuilder Prince, but few men can match Prince's raw power and when he hit the spear, the match was over.
The second match was the finals of the Tag Team Contenders Tournament to name the challenger to the TWE Tag Titles to be defended at Star Warz on December 2nd. The team of Skitzo and Brett Thunder faced the newly formed "Dog Pound" team of Bigg Dogg and the Xtreme Bulldawg Rexx Reed. The Dog Pound outweighed the smaller team by over 200 lbs, but the emotion and energy of Skitzo and Thunder helped overcome that disadvantage. The end came as a huge surprise when Thunder hit his own partner with a superkick, perhaps gaining some revenge for a perceived betrayal months ago when Skitzo and Hector Navarro won the tag belts in a match in which Brett Thunder had started out as Skitzo's partner. With the victory, The Dog Pound is set to face the Children of Pain for the belts in 2 weeks. TWE CEO Rudy Gonzalez came out to admonish Thunder. As punishment for this betrayal, Thunder will have to face Skitzo at Star Warz in a Fan Lumberjack Strap Match defending his TWE TV Title.
The third match was originally supposed to be a one on one match between Darin Childs and Dragon X who had demanded a match against a title holder. Since Childs holds the Tag Belts for both ACW and TWE with Jacob Ladder, Childs qualified. Before the match could progress too deeply, Enigma entered the ring area and announced he was exercising his option to choose his opponent by making this a three way match. There was a lot of action in this match and at one point it appeared that Enigma had dislocated his shoulder, but he popped it back in place and got back in the ring. The end came as Darin Childs was close to submitting Dragon X with a Dragon Sleeper and Enigma hit the shining wizard on Childs. Enigma covered the unconscious Dragon X and got the pin. After the match, while Enigma and Childs faced off, deciding whether to shake hands, the Dog Pound came out and attacked Childs and Ladder. In response the Children of Pain announced that the match at Star Warz was going to be a Child's Play Death Match.
In the next match, Johnny Rage and Texas Renegade faced off in a Loser Leaves ACW match. These two former partners have been feuding for months with Rage appearing to be dodging the Renegade. In this match there was destined to be a winner and an end to this feud. The fans were treated to a hard hitting match with some of the most violent blows of the night. It was Renegade who won the brawl, costing Rage his job.
In the next match, Showtime Summers and Bio-Hazard met up. Last month, the two took part in a match in which the end came with both men's shoulders on the mat. This mat was set up with the stipulation that there must be a clear winner. In the first few minutes, the two wrestlers had two double pins and a double count out. Clearly these men are evenly matched and the fans appreciated the action. The end came out of nowhere when Bio-Hazard hit Summers with a vicious kick. ACW fans expressed their appreciation for both wrestlers with a "more of that" chant.
The main event was a Mystery Partner Tag Team Match. Representing TWE was Rudy Boy Gonzalez and his mystery partner Dusty Wolfe. Representing ACW was One Man Mike Dell and his mystery partner Jacob Ladder. The veteran team of RBG and Dusty started slow, but their experience eventually took over and they began to control the match against the make-shift team of Dell and Ladder. As the action spilled out of the ring, Ladder and Wolfe brawled in the crowd being chased down by referee Rick Porter. Dell and RBG were in the ring as Showtime Summers ran to the ring. Fans were shocked however when Summers turned on Dell instead of helping the ACW team. Gonzalez grabbed the pin and the victory for TWE. In his anger, Dell began yelling at Summers and Gonzalez. Gonzalez said if Dell had a problem he could come defend his ACW Heavyweight Title at Star Warz. Dell agreed, but it was revealed that the special referee would be ACW's Prince Fontenot.
As a result of this night, 3 matches have been announced for TWE's Star Warz on December 3rd. The show will be at the Harlendale Recreation Center at 7227 Briar Place. Doors open at 6:30 with the announced bell time at 7 PM. Check out the TWE web page www.texaswrestlingentertainment.com for details as advanced tickets are now available.
American Championship Wrestling has announced that their next show on December 17th at the Venue will be the 1st Annual Lone Star Classic. A 16 man tournament including Biohazard, Joey Corman, Darin Childs, Massive, "The Enigma" Albert Ybarra, TWE's Skitzo, Renegade, "From PWE in Atlanta" Kid Ego Jr., "the Obsession" Kaleb Konnley, Bobby Hill, "Too Hot" Kyle Matthews. More names to be announced. Tickets are only $7. Check out the ACW web page www.americanchampionshipwrestlingsa.com for details.
American Championship Wrestling
Sunday November 19, 2006
Match # 1 - Ricky Rhodes vs. Prince Fontenot (win)
Match # 2 - Finals TWE Tag Team Contenders Tournament
The Dog Pound - Bigg Dogg & Rexx Reed (win) vs. Skitzo & Brett Thunder
Match # 3 - Triple Threat Match
Darin Childs vs. Dragon X vs. Enigma (win)
Match # 4 - Loser Leaves ACW Match
Johnny Rage vs. Renegade (win)
Match # 5 - Showtime Summers vs. Bio-Hazard (win)
Match # 6 - Main Event - Mystery Partner Tag Team Match
TWE Team - Rudy Boy Gonzalez & Dusty Wolfe (win) vs. ACW Team - One Man Mike Dell & Jacob Ladder
SWCW Announces Show

domain: sports


Demand for release of Khaleda, Tareque dangerous: Inu
DHAKA, Oct 05, 2018(BSS)-Information Minister Hasanul Haq Inu, MP, said
that using the polls as hostage the opposition political parties were engaged
in a game of trying to free dangerous criminals.
He also said that the Jukto Front had failed to explain the logic of their
seven-points demands and that they had failed to reply to his five questions
Addressing an election rally of the JSD at Kafrul, he proposed the names of
Muhammad Shamsul Islam for Dhaka 15, Mir Hossain Akhter for Dhaka 17 and
Nurul Akhter for Dhaka 14. He said all of them had played a vital role in the
fight against BNP-Jamaat.
Inu said that those who were demanding a delay in the electoral schedule
were basically trying to subvert the polls.
The minister repeated his five questions to Dr Kamal and asked him to
respond to them.


2005 FA Cup Final
The 2005 FA Cup Final was a football match played between Arsenal and Manchester United on 21 May 2005 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. It was the final match of the 2004–05 FA Cup, the 124th season of English football’s primary cup competition, the FA Cup. Arsenal became the first team to win the FA Cup via a penalty shoot-out, despite being outplayed throughout the game, after neither side managed to score in the initial 90 minutes or in 30 minutes of extra time. The shoot-out finished 5–4 to Arsenal, with Patrick Vieira scoring the winning penalty after Paul Scholes' shot was saved by Arsenal goalkeeper Jens Lehmann.
|Event||2004–05 FA Cup|
|After extra time|
Arsenal won 5–4 on penalties
|Date||21 May 2005|
|Venue||Millennium Stadium, Cardiff|
|Man of the Match||Wayne Rooney (Manchester United)|
|Referee||Rob Styles (Hampshire)|
|Weather||Mostly cloudy, rain showers|
10 °C (50 °F)
As both teams were in the highest tier of English football, the Premier League, Arsenal and Manchester United entered the competition in the third round. Matches up to the semi-final were contested on a one-off basis, with a replay taking place if the match ended in a draw. Both clubs only needed one replay along the way to the final; Arsenal's tie against Sheffield United in the fifth round was decided by a penalty shootout, whereas Manchester United overcame non-league Exeter City in the third round, after the original tie ended goalless.
Protests over the impending takeover of Manchester United by American businessman Malcolm Glazer had threatened to overshadow the final, though demonstrations in Cardiff required little intervention from the police. Both managers for the final made surprising changes to their team; Arsène Wenger unconventionally deployed a defensive formation, while Sir Alex Ferguson left midfielder Ryan Giggs on the bench. Manchester United dominated the match, creating four times as many shots as their opponents, but struggled to find the breakthrough. In extra time, Arsenal's José Antonio Reyes was sent off for a second bookable offence, becoming only the second player to be sent off in an FA Cup final.
The British press unanimously agreed that Arsenal were fortunate to win; Wenger himself admitted so in his press conference afterwards. A television audience of over 480 million worldwide watched the final; in the United Kingdom, coverage of the match peaked at 12.8 million, making it the highest-rated game in Cup history since the 1996 final. The departures of captains Patrick Vieira and Roy Keane before the year end, coupled with the changing objectives of both clubs, meant the 2005 final is considered as the natural end point in the rivalry between Arsenal and Manchester United under Ferguson and Wenger.
Route to the final
The FA Cup is English football's primary cup competition. Clubs in the Premier League enter the FA Cup in the third round and are drawn randomly with the remaining clubs. If a match is drawn, the tie is replayed at the ground of the away team from the original match. As with league fixtures, FA Cup matches are subject to change in the event of games being selected for television coverage and this often can be influenced by clashes with other competitions. In September 2004, it was announced that the Millennium Stadium was chosen as the venue for the semi-finals, in addition to the final.
|3rd||Stoke City (H)||2–1|
|4th||Wolverhampton Wanderers (H)||2–0|
|5th||Sheffield United (H)||1–1|
|Sheffield United (A)||0–0|
|6th||Bolton Wanderers (A)||1–0|
|SF||Blackburn Rovers (N)||3–0|
|Key: (h) = Home venue; (a) = Away venue; (n) = Neutral venue.|
Arsenal's cup run started with a home tie against Stoke City. The visitors took the lead just before the break, but goals from José Antonio Reyes and Robin van Persie in the second half meant Arsenal won 2–1. They then faced Wolverhampton Wanderers at home in the next round; a goal apiece from Patrick Vieira and Freddie Ljungberg secured a comfortable 2–0 victory.
Arsenal's opponent in the fifth round was Sheffield United. After 35 minutes Dennis Bergkamp was sent off for his apparent push on Danny Cullip. With eleven minutes of normal time remaining, Robert Pires scored for Arsenal, but the team conceded a late penalty which Andy Gray converted. The equaliser for Sheffield United meant the match was replayed at Bramall Lane on 1 March 2005. Both teams played out a goalless draw after full-time and throughout extra-time, so the tie was decided by a penalty shootout. Arsenal goalkeeper Manuel Almunia saved two penalties, which ensured progress into the quarter-finals.
Bolton Wanderers hosted Arsenal at the Reebok Stadium in the sixth round of the competition. Ljungberg scored the only goal of the tie after just three minutes; he had an opportunity to extend Arsenal's lead in stoppage time, but hit the ball over from six yards. It was described by BBC Sport as the "most glaring miss of the match, if not the entire season."
Arsenal faced Blackburn Rovers in the semi-final which was played on 16 April 2005. Two goals from Van Persie and one from Pires gave Arsenal a 3–0 win, in a match marred by Blackburn's aggressive tactics.
|3rd||Exeter City (H)||0–0|
|Exeter City (A)||2–0|
|SF||Newcastle United (N)||4–1|
|Key: (h) = Home venue; (a) = Away venue; (n) = Neutral venue.|
Manchester United, the holders of the FA Cup, began their defence of the trophy with a home tie against non-league Exeter City. United had made several first team changes and struggled to find a breakthrough in the tie. Even with the second half introductions of Paul Scholes and Cristiano Ronaldo, the visitors held on for a goalless draw. The match was replayed at Exeter's home ground, St James Park on 19 January 2005. Ronaldo scored the opening goal of the match in the ninth minute and Wayne Rooney added a second, three minutes from normal time.
Manchester United's opponents in the fourth round was Middlesbrough. Rooney scored twice in the team's 3–0 victory – he lobbed the ball over goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer for his first goal and volleyed it for his second. Middlesbrough manager Steve McClaren credited Rooney's performance afterwards and said he made the difference in the tie. Everton hosted Manchester United in the next round at Goodison Park. A goal apiece from Quinton Fortune and Ronaldo in either half ensured a 2–0 win.
Southampton was Manchester United's opponent in the sixth round. After two minutes at St Mary's United took the lead; a shot by Roy Keane near the penalty area hit Southampton's Peter Crouch and deflected into the goal. Ronaldo scored United's second and additional goals from Scholes meant they progressed into the last four of the competition; the final score was 4–0.
In the semi-final Manchester United faced Newcastle United at the Millennium Stadium. They took the lead in the 19th minute when Ruud van Nistelrooy scored, and Scholes extended the team's advantage just before half time. Van Nistelrooy made it 3–0 in the 58th minute, before Shola Ameobi scored what proved a mere consolation a minute later, as Ronaldo added United's fourth late on.
The final marked the fifth meeting between the two clubs in the 2004–05 season. Despite finishing six points ahead of Manchester United in the league, Arsenal had lost both league fixtures between the clubs, as well as a League Cup fifth-round tie, which was played out by the clubs' fringe and reserve team players. Arsenal had won the season's first encounter in the FA Community Shield, also at the Millennium Stadium, by a 3–1 scoreline.
The clubs had met in an FA Cup final before – in 1979, when Arsenal won 3–2. Manchester United were appearing in their 17th FA Cup Final, their second in as many years, and had won the FA Cup on 11 of their previous 16 appearances (including beating Milwall in the 2004 final). Two of these victories had yielded a domestic double (in 1994 and 1996) and in 1999 they had won the FA Cup as part of a unique Treble, consisting of the cup, the Premier League and the UEFA Champions League. Arsenal were also appearing in their 17th Cup final – their fourth in five years. They had won the cup nine times previously, most recently in 2003, when they beat Southampton in the final.
Meetings between Arsenal and Manchester United were keenly contested during the 2000s and highly publicised by the media; the cup final this season had added significance as neither club won the league after a decade of dominance, and it was their only chance of silverware. The emergence of Chelsea, who were crowned league champions in April, had presented a long-term threat to Arsenal and Manchester United's duopoly on English football, as they were financed by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich. Chelsea were accused of "tapping-up" Arsenal defender Ashley Cole in January, and were linked to Manchester United's Rio Ferdinand.
Wenger welcomed Chelsea's emergence, describing them as the "third force" in English football, but he raised concerns over their conduct and what he perceived as artificial growth. Asked whether Chelsea could dominate for the foreseeable, Wenger said: "I feel yes, because they are a financially doped club. They have enhancement of performances through financial resources which are unlimited. For me, it's a kind of doping because it's not in any way linked to their resources." Despite the absence of Thierry Henry, ruled out through injury, and Arsenal's poor recent record against Manchester United, Wenger believed his team were more than capable of winning the match: "What is good in football is that it is not predictable. […] You act now like it is a decade that we haven’t beaten Manchester United – it's not true. It's two games." It was reported on the eve of the final that Philippe Senderos would start ahead of first-teamer Sol Campbell.
Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson dismissed suggestions that his team had been over physical in previous meetings against Arsenal. Referring back to the league fixture in October 2004, he told reporters: "We committed three fouls on Reyes, for instance, but that hardly constitutes The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, does it? There were six by them on Cristiano Ronaldo." He questioned the character of Arsenal's players after they lost their unbeaten record, and likened their protest to propaganda, as a way to disguise their crisis – "...it was convenient for them to say they were kicked off the park." United had struggled to score goals in the lead up to the final, and Ferguson stressed the importance of his team taking their chances. "Big games are usually decided that way. They are so close so that whoever gets in front has an advantage," he said.
The build-up to the final had focused upon many Manchester United fans' discontent at their takeover by American businessman and sports tycoon Malcolm Glazer, and large demonstrations were planned inside and outside the Millennium Stadium. Despite this, the final was played in the rain and only a small group of around 100 supporters held protests and sang anti-Glazer songs. The police were out in force but did not have any trouble to deal with.
Wenger opted for a 4–5–1 formation, with Bergkamp playing as a lone striker. The absence of Henry also opened a place in midfield for Gilberto Silva, while José Antonio Reyes and Pires were selected on the wings ahead of Ljungberg and Robin van Persie, who were both named as substitutes. As anticipated, Senderos's form saw him selected at centre-back ahead of Campbell, despite the England international's return from injury.
Ferguson had a defensive selection dilemma ahead of the final, with both of his starting full-backs, Gabriel Heinze (ankle) and Gary Neville (groin), having suffered injuries. Neville eventually recovered enough to make the substitutes' bench, despite only playing in one of the team's last five games, but Heinze missed the game entirely, Mikaël Silvestre taking his place at left-back. Neville's absence meant that John O'Shea started at right-back. Neville was joined on the bench by winger Ryan Giggs and goalkeeper Tim Howard; Giggs' omission was a surprise, and it meant that Darren Fletcher started on the right wing, while Ronaldo played on the left. Howard, on the other hand, had been competing for the number 1 jersey with Roy Carroll all season, and it was ultimately the Northern Irishman who was picked.
Roy Keane was appearing in his seventh FA Cup Final having previously played in the 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999 and 2004 finals. This was the most number of finals for a player in the post-war period; by 2010 however, Ashley Cole had reached his eighth final.
Manchester United kicked the game off, and also fashioned the first chance of the game; Ronaldo beat Lauren on the left wing to put over a cross, only for Scholes to head the ball over the crossbar after losing his marker. Two minutes later, a break from José Antonio Reyes had Carroll scampering across from his goal to meet the Spaniard, forcing Reyes wide enough to allow the United defence time to get back.
Manchester United had the ball in the back of the net on 27 minutes, when Ferdinand turned in the rebound after Jens Lehmann saved from Rooney, but the assistant referee ruled that Ferdinand was offside. After a brief Arsenal attack, Silvestre played a long, diagonal ball to Van Nistelrooy on the right wing. The Dutch forward controlled the ball and then outpaced Cole to the goal line; he then cut the ball back to Rooney, whose first-time shot was turned over the bar by Lehmann. The consequent corner broke to Rooney on the edge of the penalty area, but his shot was deflected behind for another corner, which Scholes took. The England midfielder floated the ball over to the edge of the penalty area, where Rooney was waiting, only to volley it just over the bar.
In the closing stages of the first half, Van Nistelrooy got his first shot on goal, turning Senderos only to send the ball trickling along the floor for Lehmann to save comfortably. The first half finished with a foul on Rooney, who had done well to break free of challenges from Cole, Vieira and Senderos, who eventually brought Rooney down. The English forward took the free kick himself, but it went over the bar to cheers from the Arsenal fans and the sound of the referee's half-time whistle.
Manchester United fashioned the first chance of the second half after just three minutes, when Rooney cut inside from the right along the face of the penalty area, but his left-footed shot was blocked away for a corner kick. Soon after, Van Nistelrooy received the ball on the edge of the penalty area and held it up before playing a through-ball to Keane, but the Irishman's low cross was diverted behind by Kolo Touré before it reached Rooney. United then had their third chance in the space of five minutes when Ronaldo shot just wide from 25 yards, from the left corner of the penalty area.
Throughout the match, Lauren committed several fouls on Ronaldo, and confronted the Portuguese winger early in the second half, before finally being booked for persistent fouling in the 62nd minute. Ronaldo took the free kick himself but put it just over the bar from 30 yards. In the 64th minute, Arsenal were awarded a free kick for an O'Shea foul on Reyes; Bergkamp took the kick, which was headed away by Ferdinand, but only as far as Pires, whose side-footed volley went over the bar. The free kick was to be Bergkamp's last contribution to the final, as he was then substituted by Ljungberg in the 65th minute.
United then went back downfield and Ronaldo took on Lauren, who dared not dive in for a tackle and risk a second yellow card. Ronaldo got past the Cameroonian full-back and then chipped a cross into the penalty area, but Van Nistelrooy was unable to make enough contact with the ball to force his header on target. A minute later, Silvestre found Rooney with another diagonal pass; Rooney attempted to drive in a low cross, but it ended up heading towards goal and came back off the foot of the post. Fletcher was first to the ball but he fired a shot across the face of the goal and out for a goal kick. With their very next attack, United sent Ronaldo away down the left wing again; he sent over another cross, but it was again too far in front of Van Nistelrooy.
Reyes received his first yellow card in the 76th minute, when he was late in tackling Silvestre after the French defender had played a backpass to Carroll. The break in play allowed Manchester United to make their first substitution, bringing on Fortune for O'Shea, who appeared to be struggling with a calf injury. With six minutes left in normal time, United won a corner on the left hand side, which Ronaldo played short to Scholes. Scholes returned the ball to Ronaldo, who crossed it into the penalty area, where Keane was unmarked at the back post. The ball eventually broke to the United captain, who shot, only to see four Arsenal players between him and the goal, ready to block his effort behind for another corner. Lehmann came to meet the second corner kick, but missed the ball, allowing it to go all the way through to Van Nistelrooy; the Dutchman headed the ball goalwards, but Ljungberg was on the line and headed it up onto the crossbar and away.
Arsenal then made their second substitution, bringing on Van Persie in place of Cesc Fàbregas. As the match entered injury time at the end of the second half, Ronaldo made yet another run down the left wing, outpacing Lauren to Rooney's through-ball. The ball broke back to Rooney 30 yards from goal, but his shot went over the bar. The second half finished with a Wes Brown cross from the right wing that made its way across the penalty area to Ronaldo, but the Portuguese could only head the ball straight at Lehmann.
Manchester United brought Giggs on at the start of extra time, the Welshman taking Fletcher's place in the midfield. They immediately tried to play him in down the left wing, but the pass was over-hit and went beyond Giggs. Arsenal finally got their first shot on target in the seventh minute of extra time, when a Van Persie free kick – awarded for a foul by Silvestre – forced a diving save from Carroll. Four minutes later, Manchester United appealed for a penalty kick when a cross from Giggs struck Cole, but replays showed that the ball hit the Arsenal full-back in the midriff. United sustained their attack, and the ball came to Scholes in the penalty area, but his shot on the turn was well saved by Lehmann. The resultant corner was taken short by Scholes, before it was played back to him; his cross found Van Nistelrooy unmarked in the area, but the Dutchman headed over the bar from the edge of the goal area. United then had another penalty shout when Giggs volleyed a long ball from Scholes into Touré's body and up onto the Ivorian's hand, but referee Rob Styles turned their claims down. Arsenal then brought on Edu to replace Pires for the remaining 15 minutes.
The second half of extra time began with yet another chance for Manchester United, this time constructed from a Giggs break down the left wing, but Van Nistelrooy failed in his attempt to back-heel Giggs' cross into the goal and the opportunity was wasted. Five minutes into the second half, Reyes committed another late tackle on Silvestre, for which he received a final warning from referee Styles. Reyes himself was then the victim of a late tackle by Scholes, who was shown a yellow card. The match threatened to descend into a mass brawl soon after, when Fortune caught Ljungberg in the face with a flailing arm and then committed a high tackle on Edu, provoking a reaction from the Arsenal players. A shoulder-charge by Rooney on Cole resulted in an Arsenal free kick on the left wing; Van Persie swung the ball over and it was only cleared as far as Ljungberg, but the Swede struck a shot with his shin and the ball spun wide. With a couple of minutes left in the extra period, Manchester United won a free kick on the left corner of the Arsenal penalty area when Vieira lazily tripped Ronaldo and received a booking, but Giggs' cross from the free kick was headed away. Meanwhile, Manchester United's substitute goalkeeper, Howard, was seen warming up behind the goal, suggesting that he was preparing to come on for Carroll in the event of a penalty shootout; however, no substitution was made.
The referee added two minutes of injury time at the end of extra time, during which time Manchester United won another free kick, but Scholes' shot was straight at the Arsenal defensive wall. Then, with just seconds left in regulation time, Ronaldo made a break towards the Arsenal half, only to be cynically body-checked by Reyes. Referee Styles made no hesitation and showed Reyes a second yellow card, making the Spaniard the second player to be sent off in an FA Cup Final, after Manchester United's Kevin Moran in 1985. The full-time whistle went immediately after Reyes' dismissal, and the match finished at 0–0, making it the first FA Cup Final to result in a penalty shootout.
Van Nistelrooy took the first penalty for Manchester United, in front of the United fans, and sent Lehmann the wrong way to give United the early advantage. Lauren then converted the next penalty for Arsenal, before Scholes stepped up to take United's second, only to see it saved by Lehmann, diving low to his right. The next six penalties were all scored – Ljungberg, Van Persie and Cole for Arsenal, Ronaldo, Rooney and Keane for Manchester United – leaving Vieira with the opportunity to win the FA Cup for his team. Although Carroll guessed the correct way to dive, Vieira's kick was just out of his reach, giving Arsenal their 10th FA Cup.
|Arsenal||0–0 (a.e.t.)||Manchester United|
|5–4|| Van Nistelrooy
Man of the match
As the Arsenal players ran towards Vieira and Lehmann to celebrate, Ferguson and Keane were seen consoling various players and staff members. Mark Lawrenson, the BBC's co-commentator for the final, summarised to his counterpart John Motson: "Well, we must congratulate Arsenal on the way they took the penalties – they were excellent [...] But I have to say over the course of the 120 minutes, Manchester United have been mugged."
Wenger conceded his opponents were the better side, but praised his team's resolve, telling reporters: "It was important to score the first goal and with neither team scoring it remained tight for a long, long period. There were some times in the second half when we were a bit lucky but we defended very well and to keep a clean sheet is good." He admitted his players had practiced taking penalties, but was quick to point out "you don't score because of the practising – keeping your nerve is more important." Lehmann, who had been side-lined by Wenger during the course of the season, credited his teammates for scoring all five penalties, and described it as a "big mental achievement." Cole called Arsenal's win a "…great team performance, we didn't have too many chances but we defended really well and battled really hard." Henry, who sat out the final due to injury expressed sympathy for Manchester United, and recollected a similar experience from his early Arsenal career: "I know how they feel because we lost against Liverpool and did not deserve to lose. If your name is on the cup you win it."
Robert Pires, post match
Ferguson was proud of his team's performance, but admitted their failure throughout the season to convert chances into goals, had cost them once more. Of the game, he continued: "In cup football, you need a break and we didn't get one. We've had luck in the past, so you understand it can happen. It's not a nice experience but it's one you have to accept." Ferguson criticised the referee for failing to send Vieira off during extra-time as he fouled Rooney, and labelled Arsenal as "boring" for deploying negative tactics. Keane, like his manager, rued the missed opportunities and said it was a small consolation: "We dominated but I'm sure the Arsenal players won't be too bothered about that – they've got the winners' medals and the cup and we haven't."
Writing for The Daily Telegraph, pundit Alan Hansen felt the ease in which Manchester United dominated the final and Arsenal's inability to vary tactics highlighted why Wenger needed to make changes in the close season. Hansen agreed with Ferguson that United's lack of goal threat cost them on the day, but felt their future was rosier than Arsenal's. Nonetheless, he was of the opinion that Chelsea manager José Mourinho had little to be concerned about, concluding his piece with the sentence: "A London club did come away from Cardiff as big winners but it was not Arsenal, it was Chelsea." In the same newspaper, Paul Hayward praised the performances of Rooney and Ronaldo – "surely the best one-club pairing of under-21s in world football," while ex-Arsenal player Alan Smith noted his former club's win demonstrated how Wenger "for the first time, practically, in his nine-year Highbury tenure, had set up his side with the opposition in mind." Capturing United's sombre mood, The Times football correspondent Matt Dickinson wrote: "The black shirts turned out not to be in protest at Glazer but a reflection of their mood after the first FA Cup Final to be decided by a penalty shoot-out."
The match was broadcast live in the United Kingdom by both the BBC and Sky Sports, with BBC One providing the free-to-air coverage and Sky Sports 1 being the pay-TV alternative. BBC One held the majority of the viewership, with a peak audience of 12.8 million (67.1% viewing share), which made it the most-watched final in nine years. The match itself was watched by 10 million viewers (61%), and coverage of the final averaged at 7.3 million (50.5%). Viewing figures compiled by The Guardian showed the BBC's coverage was second only to ITV's broadcast of the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final between Liverpool and A.C. Milan, which amassed 13.9 million viewers. Global audience figures for the 2005 FA Cup Final totalled 484 million.
Aftermath and legacy
The 2005 final was Vieira's last match as an Arsenal player; he joined Juventus in the close season for a combined total fee of €20 million. Wenger's decision to sell his captain was made so the team could benefit from Fàbregas, who broke into the first eleven during the season. In later years, Wenger deviated from his usual counter-attacking style, and imposed a fluent system, with less emphasis on physicality. The immediate seasons after Arsenal relocated to the Emirates Stadium in 2006 saw Wenger sell several experienced players, and integrate more young talent, as a means of fostering an identity with the club. Financing for the stadium however meant Arsenal prioritised its expenditure instead of the squad and trophies. Though Wenger managed to solidify the club’s position in the Premier League's top four and secure the necessary funds to pay back its debtors, the 2005 Cup win represented Arsenal's last silverware for nine years. In 2014, he led Arsenal to a record-equalling 11th FA Cup, and became the record equalling most successful manager in the competition's history a year later, as his side beat Aston Villa.
Like Arsenal, Manchester United endured a period of transition after the final. The Glazer's takeover of the club resulted in disaffected fans setting up F.C. United of Manchester, which, as of 2016, has become the largest supporter-owned football club in the United Kingdom. On the pitch, Manchester United began the 2005–06 season poorly; they were eliminated in the group stages of the Champions League and the manager was booed at home after United lost to Blackburn Rovers. Journalist Henry Winter in December 2005 opined that Ferguson needed to resign, writing in his column: "Under Ferguson, United became football's answer to the Magic Circle. But the magic now drains away and so, next summer, must Ferguson." He stayed, however, and having already called time on Keane's career at United, he began reinvigorating his squad, by signing defenders Nemanja Vidić and Patrice Evra. United returned to the Millennium Stadium eight months after the FA Cup loss, and beat Wigan Athletic to win the 2006 Football League Cup Final. Ferguson guided his team to their first League title in four years the following season, after stern competition from Chelsea, and won a further 13 competitive honours until his retirement in 2013.
Kevin McCarra regards the final as a turning point in the rivalry between the two clubs: "...Arsenal and United, who could barely be prised apart in 2005, have since gone their separate ways. The signs of divergence were already apparent that afternoon." The match is considered an example of Wenger setting his team up pragmatically and going against his ideals. Having later asserted he would never use the 4–5–1 system again, Wenger adopted the formation for Champions League matches and his approach resulted in Arsenal reaching the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final.
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text:
Fiesta '88 (Bradford Festival) Poster by David Hockney
This gorgeous, vibrant poster is unusual because the poster image is exactly the same size as the original work - 'Flowers, Apple & Pear on a Table, July 1986' from the Homemade Prints series of 1986. The poster was created to promote the Bradford Fiesta in 1988 - David Hockney was born in Bradford. Although this is an archive/vintage poster printed in 1988, it's sold as new and not on the secondary market.
Text on poster reads: "Fiesta ’88 Sunday 12th June 1988 11am-6pm St James’s Market, Bradford"
This poster is printed on thick, almost card-like paper - different to usual poster paper.
Unframed dimensions 42.9 x 63 cm
This is an archive / vintage poster, printed in 1988 and now in short supply. Please hang away from direct sunlight to prevent fading. We send posters rolled in tubes.

domain: hobby