US 4015619 A
Clutch-brake steering unit having hydraulically actuated cylinders for controlling same to control rotation of a track-drive sprocket in a crawler tractor. Specifically a clutch cylinder and a brake cylinder provided in the unit have an inlet-outlet port in common, and are so arranged on a spring-applied-brake, hydraulically-applied-clutch basis that a single pressure signal in the inlet-outlet port alternately operates the cylinders to apply the brake and release the clutch, to apply the clutch and release the brake, or by proper modulation to partially engage either, i.e., slip the clutch or drag the brake to intermediate degrees as desired.
1. For use in a fluid pressure system including high pressure, low pressure, and inlet-outlet conduits:
signal-pressure setting valve assembly means with a common bore therein hydraulically disposed for communicating with said conduits and controllably connecting the high and low pressure conduits for producing an actual inlet-outlet pressure in the inlet-outlet conduit in correspondence with a signal pressure as set;
said assembly means comprising independently slideable, hydropotentiometer and satisfied-metering spools in the common bore for establishing the signal and actual pressures, said satisfied-metering spool communicating at its opposite ends with the signal and actual pressures in the bore in such way that the established pressure on the hydraulic fluid at intervening points between adjacent ends of the hydropotentiometer and satisfied-metering spools is the signal pressure;
said hydropotentiometer spool being of an elongated shape so as to vary the signal pressure established thereby between the high and low pressure conduits from a maximum to a minimum at successive points proportionately along its length;
said satisfied-metering spool controlling the inlet-outlet conduit and varying, in said conduit, said actual pressure established by modulation thereby between the high and low pressure conduits aforesaid; and
means for positioning the hydropotentiometer spool for precisely setting signal pressure in the common bore to a desired value, said satisfied-metering spool reaching a satisfied position when the force on that end of the spool which is exposed to signal pressure set in the bore by the hydropotentiometer spool is balanced by the force on the metering spool end exposed to the actual pressure in the bore.
2. The invention of claim 1, including:
heavy means biasing the hydropotentiometer spool in the bore toward an abutting position with the satisfied metering spool; and
light means biasing the satisfied-metering spool in the bore toward an abutting position with the hydropotentiometer spool.
3. The invention of claim 1, characterized by:
the hydropotentiometer spool having passage means formed therein, said spool establishing an abutting connection, in one extreme position in said bore, in end-to-end abutment with the satisfied-metering spool, said hydropotentiometer spool establishing an hydraulic connection, in an opposite extreme position, between the low pressure and inlet-outlet conduits through said spool passage means.
4. For use in a fluid pressure system including high pressure, low pressure, and 1st and 2d inlet-outlet conduits, a 1st and 2d signal-pressure-setting valve means including:
a 1st bore therein hydraulically disposed for communicating with said conduits and controllably connecting the high and low pressure conduits for producing an actual inlet-outlet pressure in the 1st inlet-outlet conduit in correspondence with a 1st signal pressure as set;
independently slidable, hydropotentiometer and satisfied-metering spools in the 1st bore for establishing the respective 1st signal and actual pressures, said satisfied-metering spool communicating at its opposite ends with the 1st signal and actual pressures in the 1st bore;
said hydropotentiometer spool being of an elongated shape so as to vary the 1st signal pressure established thereby between the high and low pressure conduits from a maximum to a minimum at successive points proportionately along its length;
said satisfied-metering spool controlling the 1st inlet-outlet conduit, and varying, in said conduit, said 1st actual pressure established thereby between the high and low pressure conduits aforesaid;
a 2d bore with hydropotentiometer and satisfied-metering spools included therein for establishing a 2d signal pressure and a 2d actual pressure in the 2d inlet-outlet conduit; and
means for separately positioning the hydropotentiometer spools for precisely setting the 1st and 2d signal pressures in the 1st and 2d bores in said valve means, each satisfied-metering spool reaching a satisfied position when the force on that end of the spool which is exposed to signal pressure set in the bore concerned, by the hydropotentiometer spool therein, is balanced by the force on the metering spool end exposed to the actual pressure in that bore.
5. The invention of claim 4, said valve means further including:
a 3d bore therein hydraulically disposed for communicating with said low pressure conduit and interposed in the respective 1st and 2d inlet-outlet conduits; and
a modulating device in the 3d bore to interconnect the low pressure conduit with both of the inlet-outlet conduits.
This application relates to clutch-brake mechanism for use in vehicles which are steered-by-driving. It more particularly relates to the left and right clutch-brake steering units for a crawler tractor.
It is an object in connection with steering mechanism according to our invention, to provide an alternately acting, hydraulically actuated clutch-brake unit so arranged that braking is automatic (spring applied) upon failure of hydraulic pressure, thus affording fail-safe braking.
An object in line with the preceding objective is to provide a clutch-brake unit in which a single signal is used for control pressure both for the clutch and for the brake in the unit.
A further object is to provide a metering valve for controlling the signal pressure, also provide an inlet-outlet port to which clutch and brake cylinders are connected in common and controlled by the metering valve as the signal pressure is applied or released, and additionally provide correlated sets of springs on the clutch and brake causing engagement of each cylinder to be cushioned by delayed pressure-change owing to the fact that the volume of the cylinder of the other is undergoing a metered change because of the metering valve's restrictive control over the common inlet-outlet port.
According to practice in the past in connection with some clutch-brake steered crawler tractors, the steering clutch has been operated through a controlled rate-of-rise valve to cushion clutch engagement. Similarly, the companion brake has been operated through a second valve and, if the manner desired has been to cushion the brake engagement, the second valve has likewise afforded controlled rate of pressure rise in the brake cylinder. It has therefore been the practice to have some accurate coordinating means providing for precise coordination of operation of the two clutch and brake valves, which only slightly overlap in operation so as to insure appreciable releasing of the clutch prior to starting to engage the brake, and vice versa. Disadvantages and inherent complications have arisen because of the need for special rate-of-rise valve control and coordination of the valve operations in controlling or slowing rate of pressure rise in the cylinders.
Our invention materially reduces, if not substantially eliminating, the foregoing disadvantages and complications, as will now be explained in detail. Various features, objects, and advantages will either be specifically pointed or become apparent when, for a better understanding of our invention, reference is made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which show a preferred embodiment thereof and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view, in top plan, of a crawler tractor embodying our hydraulically actuated, clutch-brake invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially schematic, cross sectional view of our clutch-brake mechanism and hydraulic control circuit therefor;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are graphs showing the desired pressure-time traces involved in achieving respective cushioned clutch application and cushioned brake application; and FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8 are partly schematic, cross-sectional views of a steering valve, showing it in various positions in its operation in the hydraulic control circuit of clutch-brake mechanism.
More particularly, in FIG. 1 of the drawings, a crawler tractor 10 is shown having undercarriage structure including right and left endless track assemblies 12 and 14, having a front mounted engine 16, and having a chassis, not shown, supported on the undercarriage structure and supporting the engine 16. The undercarriage structure further includes at its respective sides right and left front idler wheels 18 and 20 and right and left track drive sprockets 22 and 24.
The power train from the engine 16 of the tractor includes a three-speed, reversible power shift transmission 26, a rear main frame 28 holding the steering mechanism, and suitable interconnections in the power train whereby the sprockets 22 and 24 receive their driving torque, as from a right final drive 30. More specifically, a torque converter 32 interconnects the engine 16 and the power shift transmission 26. Meshing bevel and crown gearing 34 interconnects the transmission 26 and the rear axle 36 of the tractor, and a right steering clutch-brake unit 38 controls power rotation or braking of the right final drive 30 which is supplied with torque by the rear axle 36.
For purpose of hydraulic control over the steering mechanism in the rear main frame 28, the tractor 10 has a steering valve assembly 40 and, for that purpose, the steering valve assembly has operator-operated hand levers including a right steering lever 42 connected to a right-steer spool valve 44 included in the valve assembly 40. A brake pedal 46 is connected to a brake spool valve 48 included in the valve assembly 40.
The steering valve connections are omitted from FIG. 1 for simplification, but receive the usual hydraulic fluid for their operation from a rotary pump 50 driven by a meshing pinion and gear 52 which are connected to the output side of the torque converter 32. A regulator valve 54 which is teed to the output side of the pump 50 has a constant setting so that pressure in the output line 56 will be essentially constant, e.g., 270 psi (18 atmospheres) under varying pump speeds.
The steering controls and drives in the tractor 10 are essentially symmetrical, thus further including, for the left side, a second steering lever 42-2, a second steering valve 44-2, a second clutch brake unit 38-2, and a second final drive 30-2.
In operation of the tractor 10, torque in the power train from the engine 16 is applied through the torque converter 32 to the power shift transmission 26 and gearing 34, which drive the rear axle 36 at a speed and in the direction selected. Line pressure from the line 56 is applied with appropriate modulation by the steering valve assembly 40 to the clutch-brake units 38 and 38-2 so that the operator can cause the sprockets 22 and 24 to rotate the endless track assemblies 12 and 14 at the same speed for straight line drive in either direction, or at different speeds for power turns or braked turns, either left or right forwardly, or left or right rearwardly.
In accordance with the arrowed path appearing in this figure, power flow from the transmission, not shown, follows along a propeller shaft in the path of an arrow 58 into the bevel and crown gearing 34 so as to be conducted laterally by the rear axle 36 in the opposite directions indicated by a double headed arrow 60. In the right direction, for example, lateral power flow from the axle and right steering clutch-brake unit 38 is in the direction of an arrow 62, through bull gearing 64 and the right final drive 30, thence into the right track drive sprocket 22. More particularly, except for a radial flange 66 integrally carried by the axle adjacent its right end, the axle 36 which is hollow is generally symmetrical when one end is compared to the other. The axle 36 is journalled for rotation in a clutch-brake housing 68 by means of a span of bearings including a tapered roller bearing 70 illustrated. Longitudinal passages in the axle 36 include separate, oppositely extending hydraulic passages 72 and 74 which are parallel to the hollow interior 76 thereof. The referred to radial flange 66 at its periphery carries a crown gear 78 meshing with the bevel pinion of the gearing 34 and driving the axle 36 through a desired reduction gear ratio.
For brevity's sake, only the right steering clutch-brake unit 38 is herein illustrated and described. The axle 36 has a counterbore 80 in the end which communicates with the hollow interior 76 and in which a short extension plug 82 is tightly press-fitted. Intersecting lubricating passages 84 which are normal to one another communicate with lubricant supplied into the hollow interior 76 so as to conduct lubricant through the plug 82 to the unit 38.
A right brake piston 86B which carries seals cooperates with a brake backing plate 88 to define a sealed right brake cylinder 90B. The brake backing plate 88 is fixed in the clutch-brake housing 68 and carries brake disk splines. The brake piston 86B is hydraulically retracted by means of the cylinder 90B and is spring applied by means of a set of brake springs 92 pressing thereagainst which seat at their opposite end against abutments in the housing 68. In one physically constructed embodiment of the spring 92, their spring rate was such that they just began to overcome opposing pressure and started to collapse the cylinder 90B when the pressure in the latter dropped to 165 psi (11 atmospheres). From their fully expanded position, the springs 92 started to collapse when the pressure in the brake cylinder 90B rose to 100 psi (7 atmospheres).
A right clutch piston 94C in the clutch-brake unit 38 cooperates with the lateral or outer face of the radial flange 66 of the axle 36 to define a right clutch cylinder 96C. The piston 94C is operated so as to be spring-released by a set of clutch springs 98, and is pressure applied by the clutch cylinder 96C. The piston 94C through its movement applies a pressure plate portion 100 thereof which has a larger diameter than the piston portion and which constitutes the radially outer periphery of the piston 94C itself. In one physically constructed embodiment of the invention, the spring rate of the clutch springs 98 was such that they initially started to expand when the pressure in the clutch cylinder 96C had decreased to 100 psi (7 atmospheres). From their expanded position of full travel, the set of clutch springs 98 started to compress when the clutch pressure in cylinder 96C rose to 50 psi (3 atmospheres).
A bolted on clutch backing plate 102 is affixed to the periphery of the axle flange 66 and is formed with a set of clutch disk splines. A clutch-brake output member 104 common to the clutch and brake carries a set of disk splines 106, and the splines 106 cooperate with the splined brake backing plate 88 and clutch backing plate 102 for friction engaging purposes by mutually carrying a set of brake disks 108B and a set of clutch disks 110C of standard construction. The common output member 104 is independently rotatably mounted by means of a bearing 112 on the axle extension plug 82 which, through the lubricant passages 84, provides lubricant for the bearing. A clutch brake output shaft 114 is bolted to the common output member 104 and transmits torque in the direction of the arrow 62 so as to drive the bull gearing 64 through a spline-carried, quill shaft interconnection 116.
The bull gearing 64 is connected through a shaft 118 to the sun gear 120 of a planetary gear set. The planetary gear set further includes a pinion carrier 122 and a ring gear 124 which is fixed owing to its interconnection to a fixed main cause 126 by means of a toothed plate 128. A set of planet pinions 130 on their common carrier 122 meshes along an inner pitch circle with the sun gear 120 and meshes along an outer pitch circle with the ring gear 124, so as to impart through the carrier 122 a reduced gear speed to a rotationally supported casting 132 carrying the sprocket 22 and affixed to the carrier of the final drive 30.
Hand and foot operation is utilized according to the illustrated example in FIG. 2, and the operators comprise the brake pedal 46 and the left and right steering levers 42-2 and 42. The brake pedal 46 has a bottom pivot 134 and through a clevis connection to a mid-pin 136 on the pedal, the pedal 46 operates a pull connection 138 to pull the foot brake spool valve 48 to a braking position as opposed by a spool valve return spring 140. The brakeapplied position is shown in broken line in FIG. 2.
The steering levers have a mid pivot such as illustrated at 142 for the right steering lever 42 and, as shown in FIG. 2, the connection from the steering lever 42 is schematically illustrated at 144 which interconnects with the spool valve 44 to pull it into the braked position as opposed by a spool valve return spring 146. Or especially as can be seen in FIG. 2, the connection to the left steering lever 42-2 is more fully illustrated to include a pull link 147 having a front clevis connection to a bottom pin 148 on the lever 42-2, a rear clevis having a connection to a top pin 150 on a bottom-pivoted link 152, and a pull link 154 connected to a mid-pin 156 on the link 152 and connected to the left spool valve 44-2 so as to pull the latter against the resistence of a spool valve return spring 158.
In the hydraulic circuit as shown according to this Figure, the line 56 carrying line pressure splits up at 160 into a metering valve branch 162 connected to a pressure port 164 in the steering valve assembly 40 and into a second branch 166 connected to a signal pressure port 168. A one way towing valve 170 has a tee connection 172 with the metering valve branch 162 and opens in the direction of the tee. Intermediate the split up 160 and the tee 172, a one way valve 174 is connected in the branch 162 and opens in the direction of the tee 172. The pressure ports 164 and 168 are in the inlet side of the steering valve assembly 40 and are connected to a longitudinal first bore 176 in the assembly by, respectively, a valve passage 178 and a bore groove 180, and a valve passage 182 and a bore groove 184.
Another bore groove 186 is the means by which a drain port 188 communicates with the bore 176 and also communicates with an upwardly directed passage 190 in the valve assembly 40. A brake valve bore 192 which is parallel to the valve bore 176 includes a bore groove 194. The drain port 188 communicates through a downwardly extending passage 196 and the bore groove 194 with a drain line 198.
Disposed in mutual end-to-end abutting relationship the spool valve 44 and a metering spool 200 share the right-steer bore 176. Adjacent the metering spool 200, an inlet-outlet port 202 communicates therewith through a bore groove 204. The inlet-outlet port 202 also communicates with the clutch cylinder 96C in a path including a valve passage 206, a bore groove 208 in the brake bore 192, and a right clutch line 210C, thence through the right axle passage 72 into the right clutch cylinder 96C.
A spool 212 adjacent the end of the brake spool valve 48 communicates with the bore groove 208, and controls flow therefrom to the right brake cylinder 90B in a path including a bore groove 214, thence through a right brake line 216B into the brake cylinder 90B.
In addition to the valve bore 192 parallel thereto, the bore 176 has a second bore 176-2 formed parallel thereto in the steering valve assembly 40. The second bore includes the spool valve 44-2 and a metering spool 200-2 and communicates in similar way by means including a line 210C2 and 74, and also a line 216B-2, with a respective left clutch cylinder 96C2 and left brake cylinder 90B2.
In the steering valve assembly 40, spring chambers 218, 220 and 222 of large diameter receive the respective smaller diameter spool valves 44, 44-2, and 48, and communicate through a common, side groove 224 with a drain 226.
The present fail-safe braking system, under which the system automatically and fully sets the steering brakes upon loss of hydraulic pressure in the system, necessitates provision of a tow valve, now to be described.
Through a branch 228, line pressure from the line 56 flows into the actuating pressure chamber 230 at one end of the valve bore in a tow valve 232. A slidable valve spool 234 therein includes a pressure-movable end land 236, an intermediate land 238, and a land 240 at the hollow, right end of the spool 234. The tow valve 232 is interposed in the right clutch line 210C so that the line passes through a pair of longitudinally spaced apart bore grooves 242 and 244 which are interconnected by a bore passage 246.
At the opposite end of the spool 234 from the chamber 230, a return spring 248 yieldingly cooperates with the actuating line pressure by collapsing to allow the spool to move from the broken line position into the position as shown by the solid lines 234 in FIG. 2. So under the action of line pressure, the valve 234 allows the grooves 242 and 244 to communicate through the bore passage 246, thus directing clutch pressure fluid in the clutch line 210C in the way desired. At the same time, another bore passage 250 allows similar communication in the second clutch line 210C2, in response to line pressure in the actuating chamber 230. Under these circumstances, the end land 236 blocks off line pressure so as to confine it to that chamber 230, and presents the pressure-moveable end area of the spool 234.
In a towing situation of the tractor, there is no line pressure and so, separately, external pressure must be introduced into the system. Pressure, of course, if present generally throughout the system would tend in an unwanted manner to apply the hydraulically applied clutch, and yet local pressure properly confined is necessary in order to release the spring applied steering brakes of the vehicle.
The status existing for emergency towing will be that the lines are under no pressure and that the return spring 248 of the tow valve 232 is holding the valve spool 234 in the emergency, broken line position shown.
Emergency fluid introduced under pressure through the one-way valve 170, such as chassis grease pumped in by a hand lubricant gun, will be prevented by the one-way valve 174 from making escape and will be forced to flow through a path including the pressure port 164, passage 178, the right metering spool 200 in its open position as shown in solid lines in FIG. 2, the bore groove 204, and the right inlet-outlet port 202. The path of fluid flow further includes the valve passage 206 and the groove 208 of the bore 192 where the path splits up. That is to say, part of the path of fluid flow includes the bore groove 214, the brake line 216B, and the brake chamber 90B as desired. Also, the rest of the fluid flow path includes the bore groove 208, the tow valve bore groove 242, and the tow valve land 238 which intervenes and blocks the clutch line 210C so that the right clutch cylinder 96C receives no pressure and remains disengaged.
Accordingly the right brake becomes released and the clutch stays released to allow the vehicle to be towed.
Likewise, the second brake cylinder on the left side 90B-2 becomes released and the second clutch cylinder on the left side 96C2 stays released, but the paths and fluid operation are not detailed for brevity's sake.
The foregoing is the only exception to the general rule. The general rule is that the clutch and brake on the right side of the tractor act solely in alternation to one another and the clutch and brake on the left side act solely in alternation to one another. For example, under low or moderately low pressure in both hydraulic circuits of the system, the clutches will remain disengaged whereas the brakes either will be fully engaged or will drag to the proper degree.
On the other hand under high or moderately high hydraulic pressure, the clutches will be fully engaged or will slip to the degree desired, while the brakes will stay released.
From the foregoing, and with specific reference to the inlet-outlet port 202 of FIG. 2, it is evident that a single control pressure applied to an inlet-outlet port 202 will, depending upon its valve, set the tractor in selective conditions for, respectively, full braking, brake dragging, no clutching or braking, clutch slipping, and full clutching without "fight" between a clutch on one hand and the brake on the other. This inherent coordination makes for a significant simplification of control.
Typical for both sides of the tractor, the spring force of the brake springs 92 for the right side is the range of about 100-165 PSI (7-11 atmospheres) at the extremes of travel allowed the springs. For the clutch springs, the spring force at 98, for example, is in the range of 50-100 PSI (3-7 atmospheres) at the extremes of clutch spring travel. These Figures are ones equivalent to, and in terms of, the actual hydraulic system pressure, and it will be seen that one set of springs will have completed its travel just when the other set of springs begins its travel.
Thus if we increase the hydraulic pressure from 50 PSI (3 atmospheres) to 165 PSI (11 atmospheres), the clutch springs immediately begin contracting travel and complete their travel at 100 PSI (7 atmospheres) so as to bring the individual clutch disks into initial engagement, that is, just making contact but with no pressure of engagement thereupon. Immediately after the 100 PSI (7 atmospheres) is exceeded in this system, and contemporanesously with pressure of engagement starting to be applied to the touching clutch disks, the brake springs begin collapse so that the brake disks, e.g., disks 108D which are no longer under any residual spring contact pressure, are allowed to free themselves from contact and the disengagement continues to 165 PSI (11 atmospheres) when the brake springs reach their full extent of contracting travel.
The reverse order is also true because, with decreasing circuit pressure, the brake springs 92 expand for the principal portion of their travel as hydraulic pressure drops from 165 PSI (11 atmospheres) to 100 PSI (7 atmospheres). Then as the decreasing pressure continues dropping below 100 PSI (7 atmospheres), pressure of contact building up in the brake springs is exerted on the brake disks while the clutch disks 110C, which are under no contact pressure, are free from the pressure plate 100 as the clutch springs 98 expand to the full extent of their allowed travel. The clutch spring travel is completed at the point of a pressure drop to 50 PSI (3 atmospheres) in the hydraulic circuit.
Although we can doubtless attach significance to the separate and successive sequencing of the spring sets because of inherently insuring no clutch-brake "fight", there is some deeper significance attached to the sequencing from coordinated spring rates, because of inherent cushioning in hydraulically setting the brakes and engaging the clutches, now to be explained.
A desired pressure-time relationship is graphed in this Figure leading up to full clutch engagement, and an illustrative curve is shown composed of connected linear segments and denoted by a, b, c, d, e, f, and g. The curve segment ab represents zero pressure maintained in the hydraulic circuit by the metering valve, not shown. When the metering valve is hydraulically shifted into its clutch-fill position, pressure rise is practically instantaneous as illustrated by the curve segment bc whereas the segment cd denotes a slow rate of hydraulic pressure rise occurring throughout the entire spring travel range of the clutch springs, not shown. That is to say, spring travel of the clutch springs toward full spring compression means that the clutch cylinder, not shown, is filling with progressively increasing volume and therefore readily accommodating the metering valve flow so that the pressure rises only gradually. At the point d, the brake disks are in contact under no contact pressure and the clutch disks are similarly in contact under no contact pressure.
Novelty is felt to reside in the situation represented by the curve segment d e. In that situation simultaneously with contact pressure on the clutch disks being initiated and progressively increasing, the brake springs, not shown, are undergoing their entire range of travel and an important function is transpiring. The important function is that volume in the brake cylinder, not shown, is progressively enlarging and thus readily consuming the metered fluid flow from the metering valve, thus limiting the pressure rate of rise to the desired slow rate. Accordingly, clutch contact pressure rises linearly at slow controlled rate, rendering initial engagement of the clutch soft and free from abrupt shock. Cushioned engagement of the disks means appreciably reduced wear on their friction engageable surfaces.
The operation represented by the curve segment ef is final pressure application to the clutch disks which follows at a fast rate of rise in pressure for complete clutch engagement; practically no clutch slip is allowed during this operation. The completed engagement is represented by the curve segment fg, with the steering clutch involved being fully engaged for solid 1:1 drive at one side of the vehicle and the companion brake being fully disengaged so as not to interfere.
A pressure-time relationship is graphed in this Figure illustrative of the events culminating in full spring-applied brake engagement, and the illustrative curve is composed of interconnected linear segments and is denoted h, i, j, k, l, m, and n. The curve segment hi represents the hydraulic system at one side of the vehicle being under full pressure as directed thereto by the metering valve on that side, not shown. Shift of the metering valve into a position allowing metered escape of the hydraulic fluid from the system is represented by the curve segment ij, illustrating a somewhat instantaneous or abrupt decrease of pressure in the system. Full travel of the brake springs, not shown, due to their selected spring rate, is represented by the curve segment jk. That is to say, the brake springs expand over their principal range of travel and effective volume of the brake cylinder progressively decreases. The effect of the emptying brake cylinder is that the rate of pressure drop is comparatively slowed down as the outflow from the cylinder makes its way through the metering valve, not shown. And upon reaching the point k on the curve, the condition as reflected at that point dictates that the brake is in the status of having a fully collapsed cylinder and the brake disks are in contact but under no pressure, whereas the clutch cylinder still has the status of being in a full condition but the clutch disks, not shown, are in contact under no contact pressure.
Novelty is felt to be present throughout that operation represented by the segment kl of the curve. Throughout that operation, decreasing cylinder pressure in the fully extended clutch cylinder, not shown, allows the clutch springs, not shown, to collapse the cylinder through their entire range of travel represented by the curve segment kl. But escaping fluid from the emptying clutch cylinder requires an interval to make its way through the metering valve, not shown, and so the rate of pressure decrease is reduced during initial application of the spring applied brake. Brake disk pressure is therefore slowly applied by the springs and a soft gradual brake engagement interval ensues. Cushioned engagement of the disks means significantly reduced wear on their friction engageable surfaces.
The curve segment 1m represents full application of the brake under brake spring pressure following collapse of the clutch cylinder. The final pressure reduction represented by the segment 1m is at a rapid rate and brings on the brake application at full spring pressure. Thereafter, the full-brake application interval is represented by the segment mn on the pressure-time curve. The brake is therefore fully set at the vehicle side concerned, and the companion clutch is fully disengaged so as not to interfere.
Between the pressurization condition of full line pressure, which obtains in the system when maintaining full clutching as reached in FIG. 3, and the pressurization condition of 0 drain pressure, which obtains in the hydraulic system when maintaining full braking as reached in FIG. 4, there lies an infinity of modulated pressures falling in the intermediate range. The steering pressure, right, and the steering pressure, left, in the tractor are independent of one another and, irrespective of what exists on the left side, for example, the steering pressure on the right side controlling the right drive sprocket can be fixed at any point in the intermediate range, or at either extreme of pressurization, or can be undergoing a raising or lowering of pressures either in some sequence with one another or as an isolated instance.
According to our invention, the set value or the changing of steering pressure is controlled with great precision and exactitude by the means which we provide for that purpose, as will now be explained.
The right-steer valve 44 appearing in this Figure: carries, proximately, a drain spool 252 adjacent the spring chamber 218; carries, distally, an end spool 254; and, separated by a valve groove 256 from the end spool 254 and separated from the drain spool 252 by the annular recess 258 formed by a reduced portion of the spool valve, the valve carries a pressure spool 260. To varying degrees depending upon the longitudinal position into which the spool valve 44 slides in the right bore 176, the exterior of the drain spool 252 variously communicates with the spring chamber 218 which is at drain pressure, and so, likewise, does a double helix 262 which is grooved into the spool exterior. Similarly, a double helix 264 which is grooved into the exterior of the pressure spool 260 communicates variously with line pressure from the bore groove 184 which is supplied by the signal pressure port 168 previously described. The double helices 262 and 264 have uniform groove depth, uniform groove size, and uniform helix angle so that the resulting orifice which each helix forms with the closing surface of the valve bore 176 has constant rate of pressure drop along its length after the standard manner of accurate hydropotentiometers.
A signal pickup port 266 formed in the valve in the base of the annular recess 258 communicates through a radial passage drilled in the valve and an interconnecting longitudinal passage 268 with an intervalve chamber 270 defined in the bore 176 between the metering spool 200 and the end spool 254 of the right-steer spool valve 44. In its communicating function in the solid line position of the valve 44 as shown in FIG. 5, the signal pickup port 266 will cause the intervalve chamber 270 to be pressurized at line pressure being introduced by the pressure port 168 through the valve pressure 182 and the bore groove 184. The orifice defined by the double helix 262 on the drain spool 252 will be subjected to the full pressure drop from line pressure in the annular recess 258 to the drain pressure in the spring chamber 218.
A light pull exerted on the spool valve 44, shifting it in a direction slightly to the right as viewed in FIG. 5, will cause the annular recess 258 to be isolated from the full line pressure of the bore groove 184, and a portion of the orifice defined by the double helix 264 will become active in supplying the signal pickup port 266 with pressure of slightly reduced value. At the same time, a portion of the orifice defined by the double helix 262 will become inactive where the double helix enters into the drain chamber 218, rendering the pickup the port definitely at an intermediate point in the effective overall orifice length. Further pressure-reducing shift of the spool valve 44 to the right will cause the signal pickup port 266 to slide to a position more nearly approaching the drain pressure and therefore supplying the intervalve chamber 270 with a like reduced pressure.
Finally, shift of the spool valve 44 to its extreme of rightward travel will place the signal pickup port 266 in communication directly with drain pressure, thereby establishing drain pressure in the intervalve chamber 270. In this manner, the pressure of intervalve chamber 270 can be accurately fixed or accurately varied among line pressure and drain pressure, and an infinity of accurately-held pressures in an intermediate range between maximum and minimum.
The metering spool 200 as illustrated in this Figure has a center section of reduced diameter which defines a bore passage 272 and which integrally interconnects a solid land 274 and a hollow land 276 of the spool 200. An actual-pressure pickup port 278 in the reduced center section communicates externally through the bore passage 272 and the bore groove 204 with the right inlet-outlet port 202, and communicates internally through a radial passage and a longitudinal passage 280 in the hollow land 276 with a spring chamber 282 which is at an opposite end of the spool 200 from the intervalve chamber 270, previously described.
Adjacent the reduced diameter center section of the spool 200, the solid land 274 has a series of control orifices formed by metering slots 284 in the shoulder thereof; in an extreme position of the metering spool 200, in the rightward direction as viewed in FIG. 6, the slots 284 will communicate with the valve groove 186 which is at drain pressure, and the actual-pressure pickup port 278 and bore passage 272 will therefore communicate drain pressure to the spring chamber 282 and to the inlet-outlet port 202. The opposite extreme position will now be described.
Adjacent its juncture with the reduced diameter center section of the spool 200, the hollow land 276 has a series of control orifices formed by metering slots 286 in the shoulder thereof. In the solid line position of the spool 200 as shown in FIG. 6, the metering slots 286 are out of communication with line pressure, but these slots progressively provide communication with line pressure as the spool 200 shifts leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 6. Thus a metered amount of line pressure up to full line pressure can be communicated from the pressure port 164 through the valve passage 178 and bore groove 180, through the metering slots 286 for ultimate communication with the inlet outlet port 202 and the spring chamber 282 at one end of the spool 200. A weak spring 228 which is in the hollow interior of the land 276 and which seats on an end plate 290 of the steering valve assembly 40, lightly biases the spool 200 in the direction of the opposing much stronger valve return spring 146; the light spring 288 serves, among other things, to prevent the metering spool 200 from drifting when it is depressurized at 282 and out of physical contact with the end spool 254 of the right-spool valve 44.
The first bore 176 and the spool elements therein have the conduit 178 connecting high pressure thereto from the pressure port 164 and passage 178 into the bore groove 180, have the conduit 182 connecting high pressure thereto from the signal-pressure port 168 and passage 182 into the bore groove 184, have the conduit 194 and 196 connecting the low pressure of drain thereto leading to the drain line 198 and leading from the drain port 188 and the bore groove 186, have conduit 208 and 206 connecting the inlet-outlet pressure thereto from the right clutch line 210C and the right brake line 216B, bore groove 214, a bore passage 292 into the inlet output port 202 and bore groove 204, and have conduit 224 formed by side grooves in the spring chambers 218 and 222 connecting drain pressure thereto from the drain conduit 226 to the drain spool 252 of the right-steer spool valve 44.
By controllably connecting two of the high pressure and low pressure conduits just described, the pressure and drain spools 260 and 252 of spool valve 44 precisely set the signal pressure at a desired value in the intervalve chamber 270, and the metering spool 200 at its end adjacent the intervalve chamber 270 is exposed to that pressure because of the latter's communication thereto through the signal pickup port 266 and longitudinal passage 268. As already indicated, the signal pressure established by the valve 44 varies between the high and low pressure conduit from a maximum to a minimum proportionally in accordance with the effective length of orifice defined by the double helices 264 and 262 on the spools 260 and 252.
The control orifices formed in the metering spool 200 by the sets of metering slots 286 and 284 vary in size and effective fluid handling capacity depending upon how much each set of orifices projects at the end beyond the adjacent end of the bore passage 272. Thus, each particular longitudinal position of the spool 200 establishes the relative rate of inflow of pressure fluid and outflow of drain fluid through the ends of the bore passage 272, accordingly establishing the pressure of inlet-outlet port 202 between the high and low pressure conduits from a maximum to a minimum.
The metering spool 200 stabilizes in its position at the point when inflow through slots 286 into passage 272 and the outflow therefrom through slots 284 equalize. At that point, the pressure in the spring chamber 282 which is at one end of the spool 200 and which equals inlet-outlet pressure, is also essentially equal to the signal pressure in the intervalve chamber 270. Or more generally, actual inlet-outlet pressure in chamber 282 equals desired pressure set in the chamber 270, if the minor bias of the light spring 288 be ignored, which it can be for our principal considerations.
It is primarily, of course, the strategic location and arrangement of pickup ports 278 and 266 and longitudinal spool passages 280 and 268 in the valve elements which makes it possible to have these elements compactly arranged so as to fit end-to-end in the bore 176 slidably receiving same in common. These elements are totally unlike in function as they mutually relatively move in their bore, and they have a strict master-slave relationship. The valve 44 is the element serving as exact-static-pressure-dictator and position-dictator, and the spool 200 serves as automatic followup element to take a corresponding satisfied, dictated position in the bore.
Similarly occupying the full clutching position as shown for the left spool valve 44-2, the right spool valve 44 is shown in this Figure in a position supplying line pressure to the right clutch cylinder 96C and, likewise, to the right brake cylinder 90B. In other words, full pressure from the line 56 leads in a path through the valve 174 the line 162, pressure port 164, passage 178, bore groove 180, control orifices 286, bore passage 272, bore groove and inlet outlet port 204 and 202, passage 206, bore groove 208, and thence in split branches one way through clutch line 210C and 72 into clutch cylinder 96C, and the other way through bore passage 292, bore groove 214, and brake line 216B into the right brake cylinder 90B. At the same time, the solid land 274 of metering spool 200 blocks the right end of the valve passage 272 preventing fluid in the inlet-outlet port 202 escaping from the orifices 284 and bore groove 186 to drain 198.
In the desired way, therefore, the right clutch cylinder 96C will force the right cutch disk, not shown, into full engagement and the right brake cylinder 90B will force the right brake piston, not shown, into fully disengaged position.
The right-steer spool valve 44 affords not only a controlled way of braking fully on the right side, but also an assured way of braking.
For causing its controlled way of fully braking, the spool valve 44 from its valve-in position is pulled by the lever connection 144 to its full valve-out position as shown in solid lines in FIG. 6. The metering spool 200 follows the valve 44 part way under bias of the light spring 288 in the spring chamber 282, thus occupying its full rightward position is shown in solid lines in FIG. 6. Because the signal pickup port 266 of the valve 44 is connected by the groove 224 with the drain line 226, the pickup port 266 is at drain pressure and communicates the drain pressure through the valve longitudinal passage 268 to the intervalve chamber 270. The metering slots 286 of spool 200 are covered, blocking off the inlet port 202 from line pressure, whereas the control orifices formed by the metering slots 284 and the bore passage 272 establish the inlet-outlet port 202 at the drain pressure of bore groove 186. Hence, the actual-pressure pickup port 278 communicates drain pressure through the longitudinal valve passage 280 and hollow interior of the hollow land 276 to the spring chamber 282.
Pressures at opposite ends of the spool 200 are thus equalized. Hence, the right brake and right clutch cylinders, not shown, empty in that sequence through the respective brake conduit 216B and clutch conduit 210C, so that the right brake, not shown, is fully spring engaged and the right clutch pressure plate, not shown, is fully disengaged.
For causing its assured way of fully braking, the spool valve 44 in its valve-out position as shown in FIG. 6 has the end land 254 thereof so arranged as to uncover a reduced diameter portion of a bore groove 294 with which a valve body port 296 communicates.
In actual practice, the valve body port 296 and the right-steer inlet-outlet port 202 are directly connected so as to intercommunicate the bore grooves 204 and 294. As presently illustrated, however, a schematically shown passage 298 intercommunicates both the grooves 204 and 294 and also the schematically shown passage 206 leading to the right clutch line 210C.
At all events, the right clutch line 210C is thus emptied in a path leading from the bore groove 294, the intervalve chamber 270, the longitudinal valve passage 268, and signal pressure pickup port, thence through the grooves 224 into the drain line 226. The right brake line 216B communicates in much the same way except at the outset where the path leads through the bore groove 214 and valve passage 292, so that the brake cylinder and clutch cylinder on the right side are fully drained or at least assured of full drainage owing to the position of the end land 254 of the spool valve 44.
So even if the spool 200 for the right-steer side fails to shift into the correct position as illustrated in FIG. 6, the steering mechanism is assured of full declutching and full braking on the tractor at that side.
In the illustrated position of the right-steer spool valve 44 in this Figure, in which the corresponding system pressure will be 40 or 60 psi (3 atmospheres or 4 atmospheres), for example, the valve 44 will cause partial braking on the right side, such as for a steering turn. Hence, the signal pickup port 266 in its relation to the respective double helices 264 and 262 will communicate the desired signal pressure into the intervalve chamber 270.
The metering spool 200 is shown making its final slight adjustment in the direction of the arrow 300 into fully balanced or satisfied position. And, when finally adjusted into the satisfied position, the metering slots 286 forming the control orifices of the spool 200 will be barely uncovered to allow fluid flow at a slow rate under high pressure drop, whereas the metering slots 284 will be slightly more uncovered and allowed the same rate of flow under a smaller pressure drop leading into drain. The chambers 282 and 270 under the actual and desired pressures at opposite ends of the spool 200 will be essentially equalized in pressure.
The spool valve 44 is shown adjusted in, and the metering spool 200 is shown stabilized in, the position for partial, right-side clutching corresponding to an hydraulic pressure of 120 or 150 psi (8 or 10 atmospheres), for example, in the system. In such valve position, the pickup port 266 for right-steer valve 44 will be communicating the desired pressure to the end of the metering spool 200 adjacent the intervalve chamber 270. Essentially equal and opposite pressure will be communicated by the pickup port 278 into the spring chamber 282 at the end of the spool 200 adjacent the valve plate 290. A minor, steady flow of fluid from the pressure port 164 to the drain port 188 will be maintained by the metering spool 200 after it stabilizes so that the orifices through slots 286 provide a relatively small pressure drop as the volume of flow makes entry into bore work passage 272, whereas the control orifices through slots 284 cause a relatively large pressure drop in the same volume of flow in passing from the passage 272 to drain.
The resulting slipping clutch drive at the right side of the tractor will, if complemented by a full clutching drive on the left side, not shown, produce a sweeping or gradual steering turn to the right.
The left or second clutch-brake spool valve 44-2 and metering spool 200-2 are illustrated in this Figure in the full clutching position. The accessibility of the second bore 176-2 is essentially the same for pressure from the pressure ports 164 and 168, for drain from the conduit 190, 186 and drain port 188, for drain from the spring chamber 220, side groove 224 and drain line 226, and for inlet-outlet pressure to be set in the left clutch and left brake from a second inlet-outlet port 302 and conduit generally designated 304 leading into the conduit 210C-2 and 216B-2 leading to the respective left clutch and left brake cylinders.
For the sake of brevity, a disclosure is omitted of the various positions of the valve elements in the second bore 176-2 for causing no clutching or braking, partial clutching, partial braking, and full clutching and full braking on the left side of the tractor.
In reference to the brake bore 192 shown receiving it in this Figure, the foot brake spool valve 48 is shown all the way in, producing no braking. Consistent with its purpose in that valve position, and for controlling the right side of the tractor, the foot brake valve 48 has a pair of control spools 306 and 308 which open opposite ends of the valve passage 292, thus enabling pressure from the inlet-outlet the port 202 to be freely communicated through the bore grooves 208 and 214, respectively, to the right clutch line 210C and the right brake line 216B for establishing inlet-outlet pressure therein. At their respective shoulders adjacent the reduced diameter portion of the brake spool valve 48, the spool 306 has two control slots 310 and the spool 308 has two control slots 312. The valve 48 is drilled as generally indicated at 314 and is vented therethrough for free movement with respect to the valve plate 290.
Control spools 316 and 318 on the valve 48 coact similarly with a valve passage 320 which is between a bore groove 322 and a bore groove 324 so as to communicate inlet-outlet pressure for the left side of the tractor through the second lines 210C-2 and 210B-2 to the left side clutch and brake. Hence, both steering brakes are held released, and the brake valve 48 introduces braking on neither side of the tractor. However, by modulating the inlet-outlet port pressures, which the brake valve 48 can do by progressively dumping them to drain, the brake valve can cause the brakes to be set for various degrees of drag or be fully set, as will now be explained.
When, by means of the pedal connection 138, the brake spool valve 48 is pulled to a partial valve-out position as illustrated in this Figure, the inlet-outlet pressure at its existing value in port 202 is communicated to the right clutch line 210C, and yet the clutch line 210C becomes isolated from the brake except through the two control slots 310 in the valve control spool 306. Meantime, the brake line 216B for the right brake is opened to a considerable extent to the drain line 198 through the two control slots 312 in the control spool 308 of valve 48. Hence, the right steering brake is partially applied and, for the most part, the right clutch releases.
The control spools 316 and 318 for the tractor's left side are similarly operating the brake and clutch lines on the left side, namely, 210B-2 and 210C-2 and, at the same time, causing the brakes on the left side to drag with partial braking. The brake as now set on the two sides of the tractor will consequently have the same pressure of partial brake engagement even though, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the steering valves are set differently. Hence, the left track will be clutch driven for the position shown for the left valve 44-2, whereas the right track will have little or no clutch drive thereupon when the right valve 44 is in the position illustrated in FIG. 7. The tractor accordingly will slowly make a right turn, slowly in the respect that both tracks are being partially braked by action of the foot brake. It is evident the graduality or sharpness of the resulting turn will depend in part on the terrain, e.g., clay surface, gravel surface, and so forth.
Equalization between the hydraulic power brakes is insured because of the connection from the right brake line 216B leading in a path including the bore groove 214, general drilling in the valve 48 at 314, a bore groove 326, a passage 328, a bore groove 330, thence through the left brake line 216B-2 into the left brake cylinder, not shown.
When the brake spool valve 48 is pulled by means of the brake connection 138 the and foot brake and into the full brake position as illustrated in this Figure, the spool 306 of the valve 48 isolates the clutch line 210C and bore groove 208 from the drain line by closing the two control slots 310 completely at one end. The right brake line 216B and bore groove 214 on the other hand are in full communication via the bore passage 292, control slots 312, and bore groove 194 with the drain line 198. Full braking in the right steering brake therefore transpires. Similarly, the pair of left control spools 316 and 318 isolate the second clutch line 210C-2 and communicate the second brake line 216B-2 freely with the drain 226.
Hence, equalized full brake pressure is applied to both sides and the tractor is braked to a stop. In one physically constructed embodiment of the invention, the spool valves 48, 44, and 44-2 had a full travel of 0.5 inch in order to take the full valve-out position illustrated for brake spool valve 48 in FIG. 8. Each such valve carries a shoulder such as the shoulder 332 illustrated on valve 48, engageable with a spring seat 334 for the corresponding return spring, namely, the brake spring 140 in FIG. 8. When the connection 138 is released from pull by the operator, the return spring 140 will immediately re-expand to restore the valve concerned, valve 48, to its in-position or normal position. A spacer sleeve 336 between the seat 334 and a stuffing gland 338 acts as a valve stop to limit the out-travel as each valve is pulled to valve-out position.
In operation of the steering levers 42 and 42-2 from the full clutch position as shown in FIG. 1, the lever at one side of the vehicle can be gradually rearwardly tilted by the operator so as to cause the track at that side to become, respectively, only partially clutched, only partially braked, or full braked causing a sweeping, gradual, or abrupt turn of the vehicle to that side.
Or viewed the other way, in tilting the steering lever at either side gradually forwardly, the operator causes the steering pressure at that side to go from zero to 100 psi (7 atmospheres) in the example illustrated, changing the steering brake disks from full contact pressure to release, or zero contact pressure. The steering clutch at the time is disengaged and remains disengaged to 100 psi (7 atmospheres).
Then from 100 psi to 270 psi (7 atmospheres to 18 atmospheres) internal hydraulic pressure, the pressure forcing the clutch plates together at that side increases from zero contact pressure to full clutching pressure.
While the tractor can be braked to a full straight stop by pulling the steering levers 42 and 42-2 to the rear simultaneously, the simple way intended for producing a straight full stop is by full depression of the foot brake 46. In one physically constructed embodiment of the invention the brakes, under their full-stop setting, could be overcome with engine torque only with the gearing in the highest ratio setting (low gear) and with full power clutching.
As herein disclosed the clutch springs 98, which can be characterized as light springs, are described as allowing the clutch piston at 50 psi (3 atmospheres) to start moving and then at 100 psi (7 atmospheres) to encounter the solidness of the pressed-together clutch disks which the piston contacts. It is evident that, if desired, the clutch springs can be made somewhat weaker, thus allowing the clutch plates to be in contact with the clutch piston before the brake can have reached 100 psi (7 atmospheres) and have fully released. Or if the brake springs 92, which can be characterized as heavy, are made somewhat stronger, the same effect can be made to occur whereby the clutch piston will have come into contact with and started compressing the clutch plates before the brake is fully released. In these ways, the overlap whereby both the clutch and the brake are slightly engaged at the same time on one or both sides of the tractor can be varied to suit individual circumstances and needs.
Variations within the spirit and scope of the invention described are equally comprehended by the foregoing description.


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Mon: Noel Gallagher – Salford Lads Club
Noel Gallagher in Intimate Conversation
If like me you spend many late evenings listening to past interviews and radio sessions featuring Noel Gallagher then this one is for you. In October, he will return to his hometown to speak in candid conversation at Salford Lads Club.
Noel will be the special guest for a fundraising in-conversation event on Friday 25th October. He will be conversing with Salford University’s Associate Dean, Kirsty Fairclough, who will be asking the questions on stage at the iconic venue.
Tickets are priced at £30, available from 10am on Thursday 26 September via Ticketweb through the link below:
Image via Black Arts PR

domain: entertainment


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Indonesian fishing firm Kanzun denies JV with China Ocean Development
Indonesian fishing company Kanzun has denied a claim that it has entered a joint venture with Chinese fishery firm China Ocean Development.
China Ocean Development recently announced in an official statement to investors on Hong Kong Stock Exchange, where it’s listed, it was entering a joint venture with Indonesian firm PT Kanzun Bahriyah Sentosa to fish in Indonesian waters.
China Ocean Development announced it would set up a joint venture with an Indonesian partner through its indirect subsidiary Qisen Fishery. The latter will take an 80 percent stake in the new joint venture which, according to China Ocean, will have a fishing quota from the Indonesian government for 56 fishing vessels in Indonesian waters for 30 years.
Yet a letter sent to SeafoodSource on behalf of the firm from Jakarta-based lawyers Daar Afkar and Co. said China Ocean Development’s claim of a joint venture was false.
“Our client never [made a] joint venture with Ocean company. Our client has an official operating permit from the Indonesian government for the WP 711 Arrest Area, but it turns out that the Chinese government has not yet had a government-to-government cooperation with the Indonesian government,” the letter said. “Kanzun Company is currently trying to procure domestic vessels from Indonesia and cooperate with fishing vessels from other countries outside of China to use the official permit for Fishing Area 711 owned by Kanzun.”
The letter said Kanzun Bahriyah Sentosa has “never met, and [never] cooperated with Ocean Development and never set up a joint venture with Ocean Development.”
“The information in the news that Ocean owns shares through Qishen Fishery of 80 percent shares and about USD 100,000 [EUR 98,000] for management fees is 'completely untrue' as such an arrangement is against Indonesian law,” Kanzun’s letter said. “According to Indonesian law, foreign companies can only own 49 percent of the shares [and] cannot own majority shares.”
PT Kanzun Bahriyah Sentosa is part of the ALC Group, an Indonesian conglomerate. SeafoodSource has not received a response to a request for comment made to China Ocean Development.
This is not the first time a supposed partnership between China Ocean Development and its alleged joint venture partner has come into dispute. In December 2020, the company announced it had signed a memorandum of understanding with Mercado Común Del Sur (MERCOSUR) to build a pelagic fishery base in Ecuador. But a statement issued by MERCOSUR’s press office and sent to SeafoodSource in January 2021 said no agreement existed.
Photo courtesy of Ika Hilal/Shutterstock

domain: law


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Labor Day Equals TV Marathons: Here’s What To Watch
For TV junkies, Labor Day equals TV marathons and special events. Hours upon hours of old classics and newer shows are available all over the dial. TV marathons are a chance to relax, turn off your brain, and enjoy a multitude of shows without having to choose. Forget scrolling through Netflix and Hulu. Here’s what to watch if you’re stuck in front of the tube for the long weekend.
The classic 90s sitcom Friends will be featured in a marathon on the TBS network. It starts Labor Day Monday at 10 a.m. Eastern and runs to 5 p.m. Episodes will be from throughout the series, from Season 1 through Season 10.
Adult Swim’s weekend overnight anime block, Toonami, will be featuring a marathon of episodes from the first season of the action/comedy One Punch Man. It will be starting Saturday night at 11:30 p.m. Eastern time and run until 3 a.m. Sunday morning.
— Chris Cason (@Casonworld) August 31, 2016
Comedy Central will feature a lengthy South Park marathon, starting Sunday at Noon Eastern, and running until 11 p.m. that night. Labor Day Monday will feature the premiere of The Comedy Central Roast of Rob Lowe, airing that night at 10 p.m. Eastern.
The History Channel will be providing long blocks of several popular shows, including Ancient Aliens (12 hours from Friday morning to Friday night), Ice Road Truckers (Saturday afternoon), The World Wars (Sunday from 10 a.m. Eastern to 4 p.m.), American Pickers (Sunday from 4 p.m. Eastern to 10 p.m. that night), and Pawn Stars (Labor Day Monday from 1 p.m. Eastern to 4 p.m.).
The popular sci-fi series Star Trek: The Next Generation will be featured in a marathon on BBC America, starting Friday morning at 6 a.m. Eastern and running through 8 p.m. that night. Three films in the Underworld movie series will be featured on Sunday, starting at 6:30 p.m. Eastern and running until 1 a.m.
The USA network will be airing a marathon of the reality show Chrisley Knows Best. The show is based around the life of real estate millionaire Todd Chrisley. It will air on Labor Day Monday, starting at 6 a.m. Eastern and running through 8 p.m. that night.
SyFy has an event they are calling “Shark Movie Weekend.” It’s a shark movie marathon, featuring all four Sharknado movies, among other shark-related films. It begins Saturday at 9 a.m. Eastern and runs through early Monday morning. Then, a marathon of Z Nation (a SyFy original series) takes over for the rest of Labor Day Monday, running all the way into early Tuesday.
CNN will be running a marathon of its documentary series The Seventies, starting Friday night at 9 p.m. Eastern and running to 4 a.m. early Saturday morning. CNN will also be airing the new documentary Holy Hell, about a man’s 22-year experience inside a cult, on Saturday night. Additionally, two new specials on Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump will air Labor Day Monday night starting at 8 p.m. Eastern.
The Discovery Channel is doing a motorcycle-themed weekend. They will be featuring extra long blocks (eight hours or more) of the motorcycle restoration show Fast n’ Loud on Saturday, Sunday, and Labor Day. Monday will also be the premiere of the new special mini-series Harley and the Davidsons, which tells the history of the legendary motorcycle company and the people behind it. The first episode will air Monday night at 9 p.m. Eastern.
Another classic sitcom, That ’70s Show, will be marathoning on IFC Labor Day Monday. It begins at 6 p.m. Eastern and continues past the holiday until 3 a.m. Tuesday morning. The satiric mini-series Documentary Now! will be featured the day before, Sunday morning at 7:30 a.m. Eastern and running to 11 a.m.
The American Heroes Channel, or AHC, will be airing a huge marathon of the series America: Facts vs. Fiction. It begins Labor Day Monday at 9 a.m. Eastern and runs all the way through 9 a.m. Tuesday morning!
— Jamie Kaler (@JamieKaler) August 29, 2016
Anything you think we missed? What shows would you love to see in a marathon on TV this weekend? Leave a comment below.
[Image via Shutterstock]


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Citak: Matt Kemp Having Incredible Bounceback SeasonThree months into the 2018 season, outfielder Matt Kemp has been an incredibly pleasant surprise for a Dodgers team desperate for someone to step up at the plate.
With Seager Out, Should Dodgers Target Machado?With the Dodgers facing a huge hole in their lineup due to the loss of Corey Seager, one move that could quickly replenish Los Angeles' offense would be trading for superstar Manny Machado.
Braves Deal Matt Kemp To The Dodgers In Blockbuster TradeMatt Kemp is returning to the Los Angeles Dodgers as part of a five-player trade with the Atlanta Braves that includes cash.
Astros Win 1st World Series Crown, Top Dodgers 5-1 In Game 7George Springer and the Houston Astros rocketed to the top of the baseball galaxy Wednesday night, winning the first World Series championship in franchise history by romping past the Los Angeles Dodgers 5-1 in Game 7.
Astros Blast By Dodgers 13-12 In 10th, Lead World Series 3-2Now, with both bullpens worn down, the teams get a day to recover. Game 6 will be Tuesday night at Dodger Stadium, where Justin Verlander will try to clinch the Astros' first championship and Rich Hill hopes to save Los Angeles' season.
MLB Suspends Astros' Yuli Gurriel Five Games Next Season For Racist Gesture At Dodgers' DarvishYuli Gurriel of the Houston Astros has been suspended for five games next season for making a racist gesture at Dodgers pitcher Yu Darvish during the World Series.
Five Things You Missed: Kershaw Dominates, Many World Series Records SmashedThe Dodgers ace gave a historical pitching performance in Game 1, while Game 2 set some offensive records.
Springer's HR In 11th Gives Astros 7-6 Win, Ties World Series 1-1George Springer screamed with joy as he circled the bases after hitting a two-run homer in the 11th inning.
Kershaw, Dodgers Beat Astros, 3-1, In Hot World Series OpenerClayton Kershaw delivered a signature performance, pitching Los Angeles past the Houston Astros 3-1 Tuesday night in the World Series opener.
Hernandez Hits 3 HRs, Dodgers Top Cubs To Reach World SeriesThe Dodgers will host the Yankees or Astros in Game 1 of the World Series on Tuesday night.
Five Things You Missed: Yankees, Dodgers One Win from World SeriesThe Yankees took all three games at home to seize control of the ALCS, while the Dodgers lost their first playoff game last night.
Dodgers Shortstop Corey Seager Dropped From NLCS Roster Due To Back InjuryShortstop Corey Seager was left off the Los Angeles Dodgers' roster for the NL Championship Series against the Chicago Cubs on Saturday.

domain: game


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Adam Carolla, man for all platforms
Adam Carolla utilizes any number of ways to get his voice into your head. He has written bestselling books. He’s at the helm of his namesake podcast, one of the biggest in that medium. And he has been a fixture on TV and radio as a co-host of “The Man Show” and “Loveline.” His next TV endeavor is a Sunday-night live home-improvement show coming to Spike in February.
At the root of it all is comedy, and the most direct way to deliver the jokes to an audience is standup. During a chat on the phone, Carolla, who’s bringing his act to Cincinnati on Friday, considered what standup is by today’s definition and where it fits in his multifaceted career.
Question: Are the people coming to the live show fans of your standup, or do they come on the strength of your name?
Answer: I don’t know. I’ve done a fair bit of standup, but I’m not really known as a standup. I’d assume they’re just there to see me. I don’t know what that is. I’m sure they’d recognize my name, and they might recognize my voice in terms of what I have to say. They’re just there to probably have an evening with Adam Carolla more so than the traditional jokes than they might come to expect from a standup.
Q: So it’s not a conventional standup act?
A: It is. It’s standup. I’m just answering your question, which is what are they there for. Actually, I don’t know what a conventional standup act is in 2016. Ten years ago, it’s get up, put on a jacket, tell jokes. Now it’s bleeding into stories and improv, back and forth with the audience. If you think of what standup has become in the last five years, even, I don’t even know if there’s conventional standup anymore. Everyone’s telling long-form stories and/or doing whatever. It’s probably not standup as your parents knew it, but it’s a 90-minute standup routine as we know it today.
Q: Where does doing live club appearances rank among the things you like to do for a living?
A: What I like doing is something different every day. People get a little too caught up in, what do you like doing? You like writing a book? You like doing a TV show? You like doing a podcast? You like doing standup? The answer is I’ll like or hate any of it, if I start doing too much of it or too little of it. It’s like, what do you like to eat? Gimme your food that you enjoy.
A: Ah, you like pizza. And then somewhere around day number 26 of just eating pizza, you tell me how much you enjoy pizza or how much you look forward to that evening’s pizza, you know what I’m saying? So it’s not really the question of, do you like pizza? It’s, do you like pizza, but do you like Thai food? Do you like sushi? Do you like Indian food? And for me, that’s the whole key to this. I don’t inherently like standup versus writing a book versus doing a podcast. There’s nothing inherent I like about it.
I know people do the sort of, oh, you can’t beat the rush of a stage and the adrenaline and the audience and all that, and it’s good, but if you’re doing a show Thursday, two shows Friday, two shows Saturday, then another show on Sunday, and then going out and doing the same the following weekend, everyone learns to hate that. For me, I enjoy it because I don’t do it that much. I do a lot of live podcasting. I do a lot of in-studio podcasting. I do a lot of TV and books and things of that nature, and this is just me doing something that I don’t get a chance to do that much, so it’s pretty nice.
If you go
What: Adam Carolla
When: 6:30 p.m. Friday, Sept. 23
Where: Bogart’s, 2621 Vine St., Corryville; 513-872-8801
Tickets: $39.50, $49.50


text:
Survey of English Dialects
The British Library Board acknowledges the intellectual property rights of those named as contributors to this recording and the rights of those not identified.
Legal and ethical usage »
Dent, Yorkshire: OS Grid Reference(370500,486500)
University of Leeds
Ellis, Stanley (male, SED fieldworker)
Fothergill, G. W. (b.1875, male, retired stone-mason)
Mr Fothergill gives an account of a typical year in a sheep farmer’s life from shearing and dipping, to mating and lambing.

domain: library


text:
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domain: design


text:
Fourth Floor, Pacific Mall, U. N. Avenue Corner M. C. Briones Street, Paknaan, Mandaue City
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domain: food


text:
Video Credit: CEN
This is the moment a young mum films herself beating her jailbird ex-husband’s toddler daughter and pulling the tot’s hair before sending him the clip.
According to reports, the mother, identified as 38-year-old Ximena Carolina Tapia Quintana, has been arrested in the commune of Maipu in the central Chilean province of Santiago after the video was posted online.
The girl’s father, who is currently in prison and whose name was not disclosed, posted the video on social media after the suspect sent it to him to reportedly get back at him.
Pictures Credit: CEN
In the footage, the mother is seen slapping and pulling the young girl’s hair while saying: “Look what I am doing to your daughter because I do not love her.”
According to police spokesman Captain Jorge Mancilla, the mother was arrested and later released, but will have to go back to the police station in a couple of days.
Meanwhile, a family court ruled that the young girl, aged two years and nine months, will live with her paternal grandmother.
Chilean Minister of Justice and Human Rights Hernan Larrain said that “the reaction [to the video] has been widely condemned” and that “we are living in a period with a lot of social violence”.
The investigation is ongoing.

domain: news


text:
Dinesh Patidar, Chairman & Managing Director, Shakti Pumps India Ltd sharing his views on the Budget 2021 said : “In this budget visionary approach has been adopted, health services have been given more emphasis keeping in mind the circumstances arising out of pandemic like COVID-19. The basic need of almost all sectors has been taken into consideration. Emphasis has been laid on making the complex taxation process easier and simpler.”
He said “Steel and copper prices which are going up unnecessarily, to curb on it Custom Duty has been reduced by 2.5% and 20% Custom Duty has been imposed on solar inverter, realizing the dream of Make in India along with making Indian power electronics units self-sufficient is a welcome step. This time most of the focus is on the formation of a regulatory institution, So that the functioning of those organizations can be made smoother.”
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domain: finance


ECLASS offers you the opportunity to have a look at and search the latest ECLASS Releases free of charge. The search function is intuitive and allows you to get to know the standard in a quick and non-bureaucratic manner.
Please note that the application of the ECLASS Standard requires a license.
- 19 Information, communication and media technology
- 19-06 Telecommunications device
- 19-06-01 Landline telecommunication device
- 19-06-02 Voice over IP telephone device
- 19-06-03 Cellular phone network device
- 19-06-05 Modem
- 19-06-10 Component for telecommunications device
- 19-06-90 Telecommunications device (other)
Classification: 19060000 [AKJ497007]
|Preferred name||19-06 Telecommunications device|


text:
Mental Health Services
Resilience Resource Center offers a wide range of accessible mental health services to individuals and families belonging to marginalized communities. Our team of experienced mental health professionals is dedicated to providing personalized and holistic care to help our clients build resilience and overcome their challenges. We offer therapy sessions, support groups, and workshops to equip individuals with the tools they need to improve their mental health and overall well-being. At Resilience Resource Center, we believe that mental health is a fundamental human right, and we strive to make our services accessible to everyone who needs them.

domain: sociology


text:
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This Website Is For Hacks, For Online Games.


text:
Here's today's card -
Cosmic Shimmer Amethyst Mist Lustre Embossing Powder and heat set.
I stamped the sentiment from the Creative Expressions Classic Sentiments Stamp Set using Jet Black Archival. I added Cosmic Shimmer Clear Embossing Powder but did not heat set yet. I stamped the frame from the Justrite Vintage Labels Four Stamp Set around the sentiment, again using Jet Black Archival adding Clear Powder and then I heat set. I coloured in using Cosmic Shimmer Matt Drawing Inks. I used Meadow Lime from the Garden Twist Set, Summer Haze from the Soft Velvet Set and Sunflower from the Summer Fayre Set (more on order). I cut it out using Justrite Vintage Labels Four Dies.
White Crochet Ribbon and added a Lavender Dazzler.
Cosmic Shimmer Pearlescent PVA in White around the edges.
I'll be back tomorrow with a sneak peak from Thursday's shows.
Thanks for stopping by.
Good morning Julia,ReplyDelete
I absolutely love the background on this card it is fantastic... Very pretty card today.. See you on TV this week... Yeah
Here you go again with the backgrounds ( I seem to be obsessed with yours) this is a fantastic technique. Love the card so very pretty.
Hi Julia. This card is so lovely. The Queen of backgrounds strikes again. Love the amethyst as its my birth stone.ReplyDelete
Love Val in Spain xxx
Another stunning card love the background must get this one the colours are great together thank you Tracy w x
Morning Julia. Fabulous background, what a nice emb. Folder, I haven't seen it before. I'm waiting for delivery of ,the decorative corners, they are so pretty. Love the little flower in the corner too. I'll catch some of your first show tomorrow before going to work, have to try and sneak your second at work, I'll take a late lunch hour! Good luck with themReplyDelete
Good morning Julia this card is stunning I love the colours. I'm looking forward to seeing your shows tomorrow. Happy preping. JackieReplyDelete
Hi Julia, another beautiful card, love the colours, very feminine. Looking forward to Thursdays shows. BxReplyDelete
Morning Julia, another beautiful card, love the background, love the stamp, love it all! Love Jean xxxReplyDelete
Morning Julia, A beautiful card, loving the background, the argyle mask is beautiful, and used like this it is stunning. lovely colours. Looking forward to your sneaky peek tomorrow.ReplyDelete
Lots of love from Patricia xx
Good morning Julia,ReplyDelete
Love the card today, that flower stamp looks amazing when coloured in!
Background looks fab too, your cards are quite simple but quite effective !
Crafty hugs, as always,
Sandra Riley xxxx
Very pretty, loving the background and the cornersReplyDelete
Gorgeous card Julia, looking forward to your shows tomorrowReplyDelete
Good morning Julia,ReplyDelete
I really do like the crocheted cotton lace bow, it satisfies the need in me to feel things. This card you do well for a blind person in such that because you have all the different textures in it, they could feel the card to see what it looks like. I think these beautiful lace corners dies are going to have to find their way into my house.
Sorry it wasn't probably what you wanted to know how i have described your beautiful work, but having a blind friend in America, she would love this card because she could see it through her fingers.
Crafty hugs and love
Gorgeous card Julia love everything about it xx hazelReplyDelete
Love today's card Julia. These dies will also have to go on my wish list, which is getting bigger every day. I'll go and record Thursday's show.
Hi Julia. Lovely card. The crochet ribbon is beautiful. Lookingforward to Thursdays show. Take care.ReplyDelete
Such a bright and cheery card for today. Really pretty. Kind regards Joanne K xReplyDelete
Morning Julia, a really pretty card today as usualReplyDelete
your background is fabulous love this mask so must
try this one.
Gorgeous!! Love every element you have used to create this pretty work of art!
I NEED all the items you have used, and your creative know how!
Thanks for sharing
Have a great day
What a beautiful card. X
Beautiful card Julia, love the background mask, so effective.ReplyDelete
Love & Hugs
Jacquie J xxx
Hi Julia, The stamping and colouring really make this card. Regards Jackie DReplyDelete
Very pretty card,Love the background you have created.
Hi Julia, Love the card and the background is lovely.The lace corner die is so pretty love it.. love Jean Z xxReplyDelete
i love this beautiful card. Especially the flower stamps that you've coloured with the inks. The embossed and embossing powdered embossed argyle pattern in the background is great so pretty. I aim to buy the butterfly corner dies at some point when I have a little money on me!
As its such a pretty die and so useful for making the corners of cards so beautiful.
The lace bow is so pretty also and I have lots of dazzlers I can't do without them!
Great card Julia,
Best wishes from Katie-Louise
very nice card ,love the corner die and the background is fab.Laura OReplyDelete
Hello Julia. Beautiful card, love the stamping and colouring. You really are the queen of backgrounds, this one is gorgeous. Looking forward to tomorrow's sneak peek, will be watching Thursdays shows.ReplyDelete
Hugs June xxx
Hi Julia, this is a lovely card, the colours are very soothing, and great combination, love the background its stunning..ReplyDelete
What a lovely card today Julia, love everything about this oneReplyDelete
What a very pretty card so delicate I love it, and the background looks super.
Hi Julia, ... The background is gorgeous. The card is very pretty. I must add these stamps to my "NEED" list.ReplyDelete
Chrissie x x x
Hi Julia. I really like this card with its pretty soft colours. SueLReplyDelete
Stunner Julia, what more can you say. I am not keen on the labels when used the other way round but this way round they just work. Hope you are now well settledReplyDelete
Hi Julia, lovely subtle card perfect for female friends and relatives. Hope you are settled in your new home now. X RosReplyDelete
A lovely card Julia, I will have to try out the background.ReplyDelete
Hi Julia this is a lovely card with yet another great background! I really love the justrite stamps as they are very good quality and very versatile. Looking forward to your sneak peek from Thursdays show love Lesley xReplyDelete
Hi Julia great colours and a very pretty card xReplyDelete
Hi Julia what a beautiful card. Loving the background technique, it's lovely. Looking forward to Thursdays shows. Hugs Debbie R xxReplyDelete
this is so beautiful! I am looking forward to the sneaky peeks! xxReplyDelete


IQ Bot hardware and software requirements
Make a note of the following hardware and software requirements before installing IQ Bot.
|Application server optimum requirements
Database server optimum requirements
|IQ Bot application server
|For all IQ Bot-related database servers
Note: If hosting IQ Bot databases along with other application databases, ensure the hardware resources are increased proportionately.
|Microsoft Azure SQL Database: production environment
|Amazon RDS: production environment
|db.t3.2xlarge or db.t3.xlarge
|Database Management System
|See IQ Bot database compatibility matrix for a list of compatible versions.
|Automation Anywhere Control Room
|See IQ Bot version compatibility matrix for a list of compatible versions.
|Supported web browsers
Automation Anywhere IQ Bot is dependent on the following software, which are automatically installed during the installation process:
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