Healing against all major rivals, except for the British pound, the US dollar concluded the week in green territory, edging up 1.20% according to the US dollar index, or DXY. Last week, the greenback began its ascent on Tuesday, strengthened in the wake of firm CPI data and positive developments on the US/China trade front.
Economic Events to Watch Today
Let’s took at these fundamentals…
DXY – Dollar Index – Daily Analysis
The U.S. Trade Representative Lighthizer declared that further tariffs on some Chinese imports will be postponed until December 15. The US President Trump later said the decision was taken to avert any impact on the Christmas shopping period. The further upside movement came in the wake of strong retail sales and upbeat housing data.
On the technical front, the DXY reclaimed weekly resistance at 97.72 (now acting support), exposing the 98.92 July 29 high as the first port of resistance, closely shadowed by weekly resistance at 99.62.
EUR/USD – Daily Analysis
The EUR/USD currency pair has dropped & all eyes still on German bond yields. Today in the early Asian market, the EUR/USD currency pair hit the bearish track for the 4th straight session on Friday, and currently trading at 1.1090, due to increasing dovish European Central Bank expectation and the discussion of German fiscal boost.
Moreover, the EUR/USD currency pair could increase if the German Treasury yields chart recovery due to fiscal stimulus expectation.
Meanwhile, the treasury yield on the German ten-year bond yield still under burden continuously from the last week due to all investors gathered into safe-haven assets on anxieties and tensions of the Europan slowdown.
As of writing, the treasury yields, found in loss and hit a new low record of -0.726% on Friday before ending the day with moderate gains to -0.684%.
According to the forecast, we may say German benchmark yields could increase during this week in the EUR-positive manner due to fiscal stimulus expectation. Besides, the upside, if any, will probably b capped near the previous support level of 1.1162, due to all investors remain betting on a raft of fiscal stimulus expectations from the European Central Bank.
Whereas, the Central Bank is prepared to easing further into the negative territory in the coming month. At present, the Europan Central Bank deposit rate stands at -0.4%.
Lately, the EUR/USD has violated the horizontal support level of 1.1169 as this level was extended by descending triangle pattern on the 3-hour timeframe. EUR/USD has formed bearish engulfing candle right below 1.1165 support become resistance area, signalling strong bearish sentiment of investors.
Daily Support and Resistance
Pivot Point 1.1088
EUR/USD – Trading Tips
Consider staying bearish below 1.1095 to target 1.1065 and 1.1030.
GBP/USD – Daily Analysis
The British pound also witnessed a sharp change in the mood last week vs the buck, concluding the session up 0.99%. Better-than-expected UK retail sales helped boost confidence on Thursday, though most of GBP’s profits caught headlines that Labour Leader Corbyn stepped up his efforts to avoid a no-deal Brexit.
For now, all of the focus shifts on the UK PM Boris Johnson’s EU survey after a yellowhammer leak. At the starting of the day, the GBP/USD currency pair continues to hitting the bullish track, and trading near the 1.2150, due to United Kingdom lawmaker steps forward to protect the Yellowhammer news leak. Behind the price momentum, there is some additional reason. The first one is the recovery in risk sentiment and reducing tensions between the United Kingdom and Iran, following the UK recently released Inranins oil tanker, which is seized from Gibraltar.
As a result, the ten-year U.S. Treasury yields increased around 4-basis point to 1.583%. Whereas the United States President Donal Trump’s latest statement has a slight impact on the GBP/USD currency pair, the decline of economic data and event on the calendar will keep alert to traders for seeking any fresh hint regarding trade an political.
Technically speaking, the GBP/USD exhibits scope to explore higher ground beyond 1.22 this week, targeting 1.23, followed by the 2017 yearly opening level at 1.2329 and then H4 resistance at 1.2346.
Daily Support and Resistance
Pivot Point 1.2136
GBP/USD – Trading Tips
On Friday, consider staying bullish above 1.2130 in GBP/USD with a target of 1.2180 and 1.2195. All the best!


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A General's Life: An Autobiography by General of the Army Omar N. Bradley
Draws on Bradley's diaries and papers to recount his experiences as American commander at Normandy, as ground-war strategist in Europe, and as first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
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Sky Angel had added four high-definition channels owned by Entertainment Studios to its line-up, boosting the total number of services it offers to more than 80. The new networks are Cars.TV, My Destination.TV, Pets.TV, and Recipe.TV.
"We believe our subscribers will really enjoy the appealing lifestyle programming available on Cars.TV, MyDestination.TV, Pets.TV, and Recipe.TV," noted Brian Collins, executive VP programming and media sales at Sky Angel in a statement. "They make great additions to the inspirational and family networks on Sky Angel. Now there's something for everyone in the family, whether you're interested in cars, animals, travel or cooking."
Besides the linear feeds, the channels also offer content that is available online and on mobile devices.
"Our goal and commitment has always been to make our HD networks the very best in their categories, and our new arrangement with Sky Angel is another big step in bringing our HD networks to more viewers," added Byron Allen, founder, chairman, and CEO of Entertainment Studios in a statement. "All content is originally produced in-house to insure the highest level of creative quality, as well as the ability to distribute our content globally on all platforms."
Sky Angel offers both a traditional multichannel TV service available in the U.S. via the Internet, with over 80 television and radio channels of inspirational and family-friendly programming, as well as a subscription online TV service that is offered worldwide. The online package includes more than 35 inspiring television and radio channels, VOD and other features.
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With the barbecue season finally here, most people have taken on board official advice about how to cook chicken safely and thoroughly. But who knew you should never wash raw chicken?
The owners of KFC are opening up a new chicken based eatery in the U.S., marketing their latest product as 'the last true chicken sandwich' at its sole Texas location of Super Chix
Eating too much protein could be as dangerous as smoking for middle-aged people, a study has found
"We do not grind up whole chickens." When it comes to how McDonald's Canada makes its famous chicken McNuggets, the company isn't mincing words
While it's a common practice to rinse fresh poultry before cooking to eliminate bacteria, a researcher at Drexel University says it might actually do more harm than good
Think that organic or farmer's market chicken is healthier than its grocery store counterparts? A new study
In Michael Pollan’s new book, he asks: 'what's the one key thing we can do to improve our health and general wellbeing.' Cooking was the answer
This week’s episode of my radio show is called “Legacy” and it deals with the things we wish to leave behind. When I walk into the studio, it smells of coconuts
The perfect sweet and sour balance is the key to this sunny dish of chicken thighs, Thai spice and crisp shallots
It may not make for the sexiest of meals, with just a few additional ingredients it can taste great and be ready in a jiffy
OkCupid, a top U.S. matchmaking website, intentionally mismatched users to test its technology, the IAC/InterActive Corp service said on Monday
The phone offers new ways to navigate, discover and, of course, shop — all enabled by new features from the world’s largest online retailer
Xiaomi launched its flagship Mi 4 smartphone at a glitzy event in Beijing, where the Chinese budget handset maker’s chief executive sought to challenge larger U.S. rival Apple Inc.

domain: food


The spread of next generation 5G mobile communications and Internet of Things (IoT) devices is driving development of various new communications and IoT services that are massively increasing data volumes. To increase the speed of interfaces handling these large video and data files, smartphones, tablet PCs, and other digital devices are adopting USB Type-C connectors. These connectors are an extension of the USB 3.2 high-speed standard (10 Gbit/s x 2 lanes), which has now been extended again to USB4 offering doubled speeds of 20 Gbit/s x 2 lanes; USB4 compliance tests are being run in 2020.
Due to the 20-Gbit/s speed of USB4, the Electrical test places heavy emphasis on the Tr/Tf and intrinsic jitter performance of the test signal source because measurement-system noise and jitter cannot be ignored. Additionally, like previous USB tests, to assure accurate measurement of device receiver sensitivity, the test is performed by calibrating the test signal according to the minimum input performance defined by the receiver standards. Automation of the BERT and oscilloscope combination is necessary to minimize the workload of signal calibration and optimize test reproducibility.
Anritsu - www.anritsu.com


text:
hundreds of pickets round with a red tip stands in the undergrowth in the terrain bashed by the bombings that have devastated the small village of Craonne (Aisne) during the offensive of general Nivelle in April 1917. In surveying the dips and bumps of this necropolis new year’s eve, already numb by the freshness of golden November, it looks like matchsticks ready to ignite, to revive the memory of 592 Italian soldiers fallen here, on the front line of the Chemin des Dames. As a contrast to life on the omnipresent death. Soon the winter rains will fill such big tears three old shell-holes before that in the spring a myriad of plants-flowering bulbs (crocus, tulips, muscaris…) does not illuminate the poignant Garden of peace, designed by three architects of italy: Lorenza Bartolazzi, Luca Catalano and Claudia Clementi.
“Our goal was to create, a hundred years after the Armistice, on the main sites of Hauts-de-France devastated by the absolute madness of the First world War, spaces of contemplation, reflection, rest, entrusting their realization to landscape architects from twenty countries engaged in the conflict”, explains Gilbert Fillinger, director of the association of Art & Gardens, to the origin, with Joseph Zimet, Mission director of the centenary of the First world War, the creation of these Gardens of peace.
“The ifs, the charcoals and the dogwoods will gradually invade the place, as the peace which ends up by erasing the scars of war”.
What’s better, in fact, a garden, a space of well-being and wholeness, a place, dreamed and built by man in co-production with nature, to celebrate the memory while projecting to the future and the renaissance of these lands permanently bruised?
Twelve Gardens of peace were inaugurated this week, including three on the ruins of the “old” Craonne, where, between two bushes, signs, photos, archive support, the location of the rectory, the town hall, old street… Here, the destruction was such that a new village has been built 1 mile below.
“the Cultivation of the memory” the garden of The Hesperides: a piece of land of Africa on the site as a martyr of the “old” Craonne (Aisne). Yann Monel
Near the Italian garden, the German landscape architect Thilo Folkerts has installed one of its three great circles bordered by a ring of metal where the visitors are invited to “cultivate the memory” by planting, in these shell holes “inverted” thousands of bulbs to blooms staggered in the spring until the fall.
Always on this site, the martyr, the garden of the Hesperides, the moroccan Karim el Achak and the belgian Bernard Depoorter, with its ocher sand and its magnificent platform in tails, and multicolored, is like a piece of this land of Africa who paid for it, too, a heavy price in the massacres of the Chemin des Dames. At the center, a sink, a shiny metal, filled with water, symbol of life, reflects the surrounding trees.
“It is in the Hauts-de-France that the conflict has been the deadliest and most internationalized, with a front line that ran through the five departments of the region including large portions of the territory were occupied by the Germans during almost the entire duration of the conflict” , ” continues Gilbert Fillinger which the project has received the support, including financial, in the region Hauts-de-France.
Wound still vivid in the minds, this front line has been beautifully restored by two architects in scotland, Anne Rhodes and Melissa Orr. Their garden, located in the immediate vicinity of the british cemetery Faubourg d’amiens in Arras (Pas-de-Calais), is a tribute to 2 500 pipers, parties in the front line to support the morale of their comrades. The visitor walks along a ridge line dotted with rock representing the trenches while scabieuses black, thistles blue and colchiques white evoke the harshness of the moorland of scotland.
Heaps of chalk and flint in The scotch garden of Arras. YANN MONEL
Another village wiped off the map during the battle of the Somme, where 442 000 soldiers died during the summer and autumn of 1916, Thiepval now hosts an impressive memorial near where two Gardens of peace come to be settled. The first consists of a long bench winding wood accoya and oak which meanders through the forest, along flower beds, and on which the welsh Dan Bowyer and the English Andrew Fisher Tomlin has engraved the names of soldiers who died in combat.
next door, the garden Pax Dryads, English Helen and James Basson, recently winning at the Chelsea Flower Show, casts a harsh light on the universe of the trenches. Small heaps of white chalk and flint are shell holes reversed, as positive. Two walkways winding wood-fringed studs chestnut and cables contained in the wire, leading to a rotunda delimited by superb weirs, that retain the earth of the lavish flower beds and shrubs. “The ifs, the charcoals and the dogwoods just planted will gradually invade the place, as the peace which ends up by erasing the scars of war, emphasizes Gilbert Fillinger. These gardens will grow and bloom with time, as new-born babies.”
Thirty gardens in 2022, the “garden of The third train in the forest of Rethondes near the wagon, where was signed the armistice, a hundred years ago. YANN MONEL
At Quesnoy (North), it is more a victory that is celebrated. On November 4, 1918, in effect, a week before the armistice, the new Zealand release of the city by climbing the ramparts of the fortress of red brick built two hundred and fifty years earlier by Vauban. It is this assault that the belgian Thomas Van Eeckhout and Mathieu Allain propose to revive in transposing the horizontal section of the imposing wall, through shrubs and flowers, a place of rest and meditation. Further, at the foot of the wall, the landscape of new zealand, Xanthe White, and his team have transformed a former wasteland into a sumptuous garden, maori, richly planted, the “rangimarie”, synonymous with peace, in which soar the spirits of the dead. As in all Gardens of the peace, benches are available to take the time to sit down and collect.
In the forest of Rethondes, near Compiègne (Oise), where the Armistice was signed, it is a bench seat in wood of several tens of meters long, symbolizing a “third rail”, the one of peace (after those of délégations German and French), which was installed in the middle of “pockets gardened” on the trail of access to the museum, by the German landscape architect Marc Blume, the French artist Gilles Brusset, and the architect Italian Francesca Liggieri.
With those of Péronne (Somme), Vimy and Notre-Dame-de-Lorette (Pas-de-Calais), “new circuit of remembrance” , as they are called Xavier Bertrand, the president of the region Hauts-de-France, will be expanded next year to four gardens additional before or after thirty in 2022.

domain: history


text:
SHERIFF’S OFFICE BLOTTER: Harassing texts reported in Manistee
MANISTEE COUNTY — The following calls were made to the Manistee County Sheriff’s Office from Dec. 22-26. All calls may not be reported. This is part of a lengthy report.
• Deputies conducted a property check at 11:16 a.m. in Marilla Township.
• A property damage incident/suspicious vehicle was reported at 2:20 a.m. in Pleasanton Township.
• Retail fraud was reported at 5 p.m. in Filer Township.
• A civil complaint was filed at 8:47 p.m. in Filer Township.
• Harassing texts were reported at 1 p.m. in Manistee.
• Deputies assisted a citizen at 10:01 p.m. in Filer Township.
• A reckless driver was reported at 6:59 p.m. in Filer Township.
• Deputies conducted a welfare check at 3:16 a.m. in Stronach Township.
• A two-vehicle property damage incident was reported at 12:16 p.m. in Bear Lake Township.
• A domestic incident was reported at 11:29 a.m. in Manistee.
• A driving while license suspended third offense/no insurance/driving with open intoxicants was reported at 3:35 p.m. in the county.
• A vehicle-deer accident was reported at 6:57 p.m. in Maple Grove Township.
• Deputies assisted a citizen at 8:04 p.m. in Copemish.

domain: news


Union Square Hospitality group has announced that on December 30, it will shutter Tabla, the Indian-fusion restaurant that has lately been the invisible stepchild of Danny Meyer’s empire. A release explains that “in its 12-year run, its sheer size with 283 seats often made it a financially challenging business — especially for a restaurant whose cuisine is so specifically focused. Union Square Hospitality Group (USHG) has stated that it is open to finding another space whose scale is more suited to Tabla. Additionally, the organization is weighing whether to conceive another business for the existing Madison Square Park location or to assign the lease and space to another restaurant.” Executive Chef Floyd Cardoz, who also helped launch the El Verano at Citi Field, will “continue to work with USHG to develop a new restaurant beyond the realm of Indian spices.” Tamarind Tribeca now finds itself in less company (until Hemant Muther’s place opens, anyway).
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Fuel cell powered electric aircraft
Electrically powered aircraft having fuel cells as at least a partial source of electrical energy. In many instances the electrical energy powers an electric motor used to propel the aircraft. In some instances, the electric output from the fuel cell would be augmented by power from special high power “surge” batteries for critical takeoff and climbing, where the maximum electric power is required. In preferred embodiments, such fuel cell powered aircraft will supply oxygen to the fuel cell either from a container of oxygen carried on board the aircraft, or from a ram scoop which directs air through which the aircraft is moving to the fuel cell.
 This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/938,877, filed Aug. 24, 2001, now allowed, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional applications Nos. 60/227,720 and 60/230,292, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
 The field of the invention is aircraft propulsion and power systems and operation.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
 Propelled aircraft such as airplanes and rotorcraft have traditionally used combustible fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel in internal combustion engines or turbines/jets for propulsion. This dependence on such fuels is likely principally due to their extremely high energy content. Unfortunately, the use of such aircraft is not always desirable for a number of reasons including relatively higher costs for production, maintenance and training, a relatively high risk of failure during operation, and the noise and emissions (particularly CO2).
 An alternative to the use of combustion engines and turbines/jets for propulsion is the use of high efficiency electric motors. Advanced, high efficiency electric motors and controllers have already proven their usefulness on a host of unmanned solar-powered aircraft like the AeroViroment Pathfinder, Centurian, and the recent 14 motor Helios. Unfortunately, solar power is not practical for general aviation, due to the large surface area required, the altitudes required to get over clouds (and the lower atmosphere), and the limitation of flying only during bright sunny daytime hours. Moreover, solar powered aircraft are very limited in speed and weight capacity and structurally unsafe for manned usage.
 Attempts at using batteries to power an aircraft have also occurred. As an example, several attempts have been made to utilize rechargeable batteries in electrically powered aircraft such as the European Silent Ael and the Antares self launching gliders. In such gliders, the batteries are used for takeoff power to launch the glider to sufficient height to pick up a thermal and continue “gliding”, typically less than 8 minutes per charge. However, the weight of sufficient batteries for takeoff and any reasonable flight leaves no weight allowance for the pilot and passengers, thus rendering the airplane useless for typical piloted flight.
 Unfortunately, when compared to the energy content of gasoline, most rechargeable batteries offer less than 3% of the specific energy per pound of gasoline. Even after considering the poor conversion efficiency of internal combustion engines of less than 25% (versus over 90% efficiency for electric motors), gasoline still has nearly a 10 to 1 advantage of specific energy and energy density over rechargeable batteries. Although the energy density of batteries has improved dramatically over the last 10 years, it still needs dramatic improvement in specific energy performance (and cost reduction) to become commercially viable and competitive with gasoline for practical electric vehicle use (particularly including aircraft). Recent developments in advanced battery performance, particularly with rechargeable NiMH, Li-Ion, and Lithium Polymer chemistries begin to close the gap on the energy density of gasoline, but are still insufficient to operate manned electric airplanes, and cost prohibitive for other aircraft applications.
 The use of fuel cells for providing electrical energy are known, most existing fuel cells are not suitable for use in aircraft. Fuel cells are currently being studied for automotive use as possibly providing higher net energy densities than batteries. Unfortunately, many fuel cell systems used in automobiles are unsuitable for use in aircraft, primarily due to the weight and power drain of all the special components required for operation of such fuel cells. Such components typically include compressors and hydrators needed to condition the air, oxygen, and/or hydrogen for input into the fuel cell, as well as complex (and heavy) heat exchangers and cooling systems needed to get rid of the excess waste heat being produced by the fuel cell. The storage of the critical fuel, hydrogen, poses even more problems, particularly from a weight and safety standpoint. Use of reformers to strip hydrogen from traditional hydrogen rich fuels like gasoline, methanol, diesel fuel, etc. are being explored for automotive use, but add even further weight and complexity for aviation use, particularly on smaller aircraft. In one instance a regenerative fuel cell system was incorporated into an aircraft as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,810,284. However, regenerative fuel cells utilize a closed cycle and therefore require that sufficient fuel for the fuel cells be stored on board. Moreover, such a system requires the use of an electrolyser to convert the “spent” fuel to a form suitable for reuse by the fuel sell. Such an electrolyser also adds significant weight to the aircraft.
 Therefore, there is still a need to provide methods and apparatus for light weight, high efficiency, reliable, and safe methods of powering aircraft, which also create little or no emissions, and are quieter and easier to service than conventional hydrocarbon fuel consuming engines, particularly internal combustion engines.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
 The present invention is directed to electrically powered aircraft having fuel cells as at least a partial source of electrical energy. In many instances the electrical energy powers an electric motor used to propel the aircraft. In some instances, the electric output from the fuel cell would be augmented by power from special high power “surge” batteries for critical takeoff and climbing, where the maximum electric power is required. In preferred embodiments, such fuel cell powered aircraft will supply oxygen to the fuel cell either from a container of oxygen carried on board the aircraft, or from a ram scoop which directs air through which the aircraft is moving to the fuel cell.
 It is contemplated that fuel cell powered aircraft as described herein will be suitable for both manned and unmanned applications, will be simpler to build, repair and operate, will provide improved safety and reliability, will generate very little noise and virtually no pollutants, and ultimately will have lower total life cycle costs than existing aircraft.
 It is also contemplated that fuel cell powered aircraft as described herein will be suitable for generally aviation as they will meet one or more of the following requirements: if the aircraft is a fixed wing aircraft, it will have a wingspan of less than 200 feet; the aircraft will be capable of climbing at a rate of at least 1000 feet per minute; the aircraft will be capable of achieving speeds of at least 100 miles per hour; and/or the aircraft will be able to carry at least 2 people, including the pilot.
 It is further contemplated that the use of a hydrogen generator as a source of hydrogen for a fuel cell used in an aircraft will reduce or eliminate the need to hydrate the hydrogen in order to protect the fuel cell resulting in a corresponding weight reduction in the fuel cell systems by allowing removal of or reduction in size of hydration components.
 It is further contemplated that the use of a ram input air duct or a container of pressurized air/oxygen will eliminate the need for a compressor to provide pressurized oxygen to the fuel cell with a corresponding weight reduction in the fuel cell systems resulting from not including any such compressor.
 It is still further contemplated that fuel cell systems can be practically used on aircraft if such systems are weight optimized through the use of one or more of the following: graphite end plates, titanium tie bars, light weight heat exchangers, carbon composite tanks, and carbon fuel manifolds.
 It is still further contemplated that portions of an aircraft's fuselage that aren't otherwise utilized can be used to hydrogen or other fuel for the fuel cell. In many instances the space within the fuselage located behind the seat(s) of the pilot an any passengers may provide a good location for such storage.
 It is still further contemplated the apparatus and methods described herein can be adapted for use with “lighter than air” craft (i.e. blimps, airships, dirigibles) that are self propelled and have directional control surfaces. For simplicity, the term “airship” will be used as a general term to refer to such craft. In such instances the use of a non-regenerative fuel cell system to generate electricity for purposes such as to power electric motors for propulsion can be used to solve the positive buoyancy typically encountered by airships. With previously known airships, consumption of fuel makes the airship lighter and thus more difficult to land. In contrast, a non-regenerative fuel cell powered airship, particularly a hydrogen and oxygen powered airship, would increase in weight as hydrogen was combined with oxygen to form water as a waste product. The buoyancy of the airship can be controlled by retaining or discarding the water generated by the fuel cell thus eliminating or decreasing the need to propel the craft downward or to blow off helium (or whatever gas is used to provide buoyancy) to reduce buoyancy. The use of electric motors to propel aircraft lends itself to make such aircraft quieter, emission free, and more reliable. Moreover, electric motors can be switched on and off as needed. In some instances fuel can be stored in the same envelope as whatever gas is used to provide buoyancy to the craft, and in some instances the gas used to provide buoyancy may also be used to power the fuel cell.
 Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, along with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like components.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
 FIG. 1 is a partial schematic side view of an aircraft embodying the claimed invention.
 FIG. 2 is a first schematic view of many of the major components of a single engine aircraft embodying the claimed invention.
 FIG. 3 is a second schematic view of many of the major components of a single engine aircraft embodying the claimed invention.
 FIG. 4 is a third schematic view of many of the major components of a single engine aircraft embodying the claimed invention.
 FIG. 5 is a fourth schematic view of many of the major components of a single engine aircraft embodying the claimed invention.
 FIG. 6 is a schematic view of many of the major components of a multiengine/multi-motor aircraft embodying the claimed invention.
 FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an airship embodying the claimed invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
 In FIGS. 1-3, an aircraft 10 comprises a fuel cell 100 adapted to provide electrical energy to at least one electrically powered device which, in the embodiment shown, is an electric motor 200 adapted to propel the aircraft 10. Aircraft 10 may be manned, remotely piloted, or capable of being both manned and remotely piloted. The term “manned” as used herein indicates that the aircraft carries at least one operator. Aircraft 10 may, among others, be an airship, an ultralight aircraft, a sport aviation aircraft, a military aircraft, a general aviation aircraft, a commercial passenger aircraft, a gyrocopter, or a helicopter.
 Motor 200 can be any electric motor of appropriate size and weight including, but not necessarily limited to, an electric motor such as a brush or brushless DC design or an AC induction design. It is preferred that motor 200 be a high efficiency electric motor used to rotate propeller 240. In most instances, aircraft 10 will also include a motor controller (such as controllers 620, 620A, and 620B in FIGS. 1, 5 and 6) which is a device which regulates the power provided to the motor so that the speed and power of the motor can be varied based upon flight requirements.
 The term “fuel cell” as used herein refers to an electrochemical cell in which the energy of a reaction between a fuel, such as gaseous hydrogen, and an oxidant, such as gaseous oxygen, is converted directly and continuously into electrical energy. It should be noted that the term “fuel cell” as used herein does not include typical aviation fuselage/wing “fuel cells” which store gasoline or other hydrocarbon fuels.
 It is also important to note that, although in many instances described elements of aircraft 10 may have alternative embodiments, such embodiments must be suitable for incorporation into the aircraft. As an example, although the use of fuel cells in automobiles is being studied, and regenerative fuel cells have been used in some specialty aircraft, such fuel cells are generally not suitable for use in general aviation aircraft, primarily because of the weight of various components of such systems. As will be discussed further on, many of the features of the various embodiments of aircraft 10 described herein reduce the weight of or eliminate the need for many of the components and thus make the use of a fuel cell in an aircraft feasible.
 Fuel cell 100 may be one of many different types of fuel cells including, but not necessarily limited to, alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, proton exchange membrane (PEM), polymer electrolyte membrane, direct methanol, direct ethanol, or solid oxide fuel cells. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells typically have only water as a waste product. Fuel cell 100 operates in a “load following” mode with hydrogen consumption being based upon the amount of electricity required by the load and motor controller. For more information on fuel cells, one may refer to “Fuel Cells—Green Power” by Sharon Thomas and Marcia Zalbowitz, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
 In preferred embodiments, fuel cell 100 produces electrical energy from a reaction using hydrogen and oxygen. As such, aircraft 10 preferably comprises a hydrogen source 300 coupled to input 103 of fuel cell 100 and an oxygen source 400 coupled to input 104 of fuel cell 100 as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
 Hydrogen source 300 is adapted to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell. Any source of hydrogen suitable for use on an aircraft may be used, but it is contemplated that use of one or more of the following may be advantageous: a tank of pressurized hydrogen; a tank of liquid hydrogen; a container of metal hydride material; a container of carbon nanofibers; a hydrogen generator system; and a hydrocarbon fuel reformer. In cases where space and weight are limiting factors in airplanes, it may be desirable to limit the hydrogen storage capacity to only that which is required for the projected maximum flight duration (plus a 45 minute reserve), to allow for greater passenger load capacity.
 It is preferred that hydrogen source 300 be a hydrogen generator 310 such as the Millennium Cell system as shown in FIG. 2. A “hydrogen generator”, as the term is used herein, refers to any device which produces hydrogen on demand, typically from some chemical reaction such as one having water and borohydride as components. Such devices are available from companies such as Millennium Cell, Powerball, Via-tek, ElectroChem, and ATP. The Millennium Cell system pumps an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride from a tank through a special catalyst chamber which contains a noble metal like ruthenium, which reacts with the NaBH4 to produce pure hydrogen, which is cooled (in a heat exchanger) and fed to the fuel cell. An advantage of using this hydrogen source is that the hydrogen from hydrogen generator 310 is already hydrated, thus eliminating the need to include a hydrator or blower as part of hydrogen source 300 and potentially significantly reducing the weight of hydrogen source 300.
 In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the hydrogen source may be one or more nickel metal hydride tanks 320 containing gaseous hydrogen. In such a configuration the hydride tank 320 output would typically include a simple pressure regulator 321 between the fuel cell 100 and the hydride tank 320. The regulator 321 maintains a safe continuous supply of hydrogen for the fuel cell 100 (until the hydride tank 320 is depleted). In some cases, a hydrator 322 and blower 323 may also be included in the same hydrogen path 324 to assure that the hydrogen is moist enough to protect the membranes of fuel cell 100. It is preferred that any containers of hydrogen either be quickly refillable without having to remove them from aircraft 10, be quickly replaceable with a previously filled container.
 In yet another alternative embodiment (shown in FIG. 1), hydrogen source 300 may comprise a container of metal hydride 330. Positioning such a container adjacent to and/or at least partially encasing fuel cell 100 will help reduce the path that hydrogen from the container must follow to reach fuel cell 100.
 Oxygen source 400 is adapted to provide oxygen to the fuel cell. Any source of oxygen suitable for use on an aircraft may be used, but it is contemplated that use of a tank of pressurized oxygen, one or more ram air scoops, and/or one or more compressors is advantageous.
 In a preferred embodiment, a ram air scoop system 410 is used to direct air through which the aircraft is passing into the fuel cell 100 as a pressurized source of oxygen. Ram air scoop system 410 preferably comprises an air input duct 411 that has an opening in the nose of the aircraft. Less preferred embodiments may use a duct 411 which is positioned along and conforms to the bottom of the aircraft and has an opening in the nose of the aircraft. As the use of such an air duct may be insufficient to supply oxygen to the fuel cell 100 when the aircraft is moving at relatively low speeds, aircraft 10 may also comprise an electric fan 412 and a fan power source 413. The fan power source 413 provides electrical power to the fan 412, which in turn forces air through a portion of the input ram air duct 411 and to the fuel cell 100. It is contemplated that the fan power source 413 be at least one of one of a fuel cell, a battery, a capacitor, and an electric generator.
 It is contemplated that a tank of compressed oxygen 420 may be used in place of or in conjunction with ram air scoop system 410. If used in conjunction with ram air scoop system 410, tank 420 can provide bursts of oxygen to fuel cell 100 either when aircraft is moving too slowly for ram air scoop 410 to provide sufficient oxygen to fuel cell 100, or when additional power output from fuel cell 100 is needed. Additional power from fuel cell 100 will typically be needed when the aircraft 10 is taking off or climbing, i.e. when motor 200 is temporarily operating at high power levels. It is preferred that any containers of oxygen be quickly replaceable with previously charged/filled containers of oxygen.
 Aircraft 10 may also comprise one or more energy storage systems 500 as shown in FIG. 4. In some instances fuel cell 100 will power motor 200 directly (via a controller 620) and energy storage systems 500 may act in a backup or boost capacity as shown in FIG. 1. In other instances fuel cell 100 will function to augment and/or recharge energy storage systems 500 as shown in FIG. 4. In still other instances, fuel cell 100 will function an independent auxiliary power generation device as depicted which allows an aircraft to operate heavy power devices such as electric air conditioners without ground power (or running the engine on conventional aircraft to create power from the engine alternators).
 Almost any energy storage system may be used as a storage system 500 so long as the system is suitable for use in an aircraft. It is contemplated that suitable systems may comprise one or more energy storage devices including, but not necessarily limited to, a capacitor, a rechargeable battery, a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a zinc air battery, an aluminum air battery, an alkaline battery or a combination flywheel and generator. Any charged energy storage system (i.e. any system containing energy) can be considered a power source. As used herein, the term “power source” refers to any device that provides electrical power. In some instances storage systems 500 may be charged by fuel cell 100, but may be charged solely or additionally from some other source, possibly one which is external to the aircraft 10. In yet other embodiments, individual storage systems may be charged differently from each other.
 It is preferred that energy storage systems 500 have a specific energy higher than about 150 Wh/kg, can be recharged within about 90 minutes or less, and be able to provide peak currents of more than 100 amperes. Such energy storage systems might include batteries such as SAP lithium ion, Metallic Power's zinc air battery, aluminum air batteries, or even one-time thermal batteries, which might also be used in energy storage systems which are to provide emergency electrical power.
 In embodiments in which fuel cell 100 is not to act as the primary power source form motor 200, it is preferred that storage systems 500 comprise a primary storage system 510, a boost or surge storage system 520, and an emergency backup storage system 530. Alternative embodiments may include more or few storage systems, and may use any storage systems for similar or differing purposes.
 Primary storage system 510 is preferred to provide power to motor 200 and/or to some other electrical load 610 of aircraft 10 such as an air conditioning unit 611, or cockpit avionics 612. In configurations where fuel cell 100 is only an augmentive unit of lower power level, it is preferred that the peak power capacity of the main battery/primary storage system 510 be sufficient to allow the aircraft to operate solely with the main storage battery 510 output, and to take off and climb with additional energy from the surge storage system 520, without the assistance of the output of the fuel cell 100. Due to the limited capacity and fast charging characteristics of the energy storage systems 500, partial or complete recharging of the primary storage system 510 can be achieved from excess energy from the fuel cell in a period of less than 60 min, preferably less than 10 minutes, such as during descent, prior to landing. Use of additional storage systems 511 to supplement primary storage system 500 may advantageously extend the overall energy capacity when connected in parallel to the primary storage system 500, but may also be utilized to increase voltage where appropriate. Alternatively, additional storage systems 511 may be used to power devices less essential than motor 200 such as navigation and communication devices, stereos, air-conditioning, and so forth
 Boost or “surge” storage system 520 is preferred to provide supplemental power to the motor while the aircraft is taking off or climbing. With respect to the total energy capacity of the surge storage system 520, it is contemplated that various capacities may be required for different configurations, based upon the size aircraft 10, total load and the intended climb period. Surge storage systems 520 may comprise a bank or string of high power batteries that can deliver extremely large levels of current for short periods of time. Such batteries can be of various chemistries including lead acid batteries, especially thin metal film type like Johnson Inspira, NiCd batteries such as those used to start aircraft engines, Lithium Ion batteries, such as SAFT HP-12 batteries used in hybrid electric vehicles, or Nickel metal hydride batteries such as those used in electric vehicles. The total voltage of the series string of individual batteries would be designed to match the voltage level of the controller 620 and motor 200, and could typically be between 24 and 400 volts DC.
 In preferred embodiments surge storage system 520 uses ultracapacitors instead of batteries. This provides the benefit of rapid recharge in flight, particularly during descent, so sufficient energy is available in the event of a missed approach and rapid climbout for reentry into the approach. Even with a completely discharged boost storage system 520, the primary storage system 510 will likely be able to deliver sufficient current to the motor 200 to effectively operate the motor for normal cruise flight, but may be unable to provide sufficient peak power for take off.
 Emergency backup storage system 530 is preferred to supplement or replace primary storage system 510 in the event that any and all other power systems are unable to provide sufficient power to keep the aircraft in flight until a safe landing can be achieved. It is contemplated that one-time thermal batteries may prove to be advantageous for use in such a capacity. Such batteries are typically used in missiles, with rapid power generated instantly by intense chemical reaction. Although it would be prudent to have a special emergency backup storage system 530, in some cases a second “surge” storage system could be installed as an emergency power backup system 530 and function as both a surge power system 520 and backup power system 530.
 It is preferred that storage systems 510, 520, and 530 be electrically isolated from electrical loads other than those required to control and propel the aircraft such as motor 200 and basic controls and instruments. Other systems are preferably powered from an alternative power source 540 (which may be either the fuel cell 100 or another storage system 500) to preserve the power of the primary, boost, and backup systems for more important needs.
 A small independent 12-24V battery 540 may also be included for backup power to the radios and cockpit avionics and instruments to assure power if all other systems fail.
 A range of various wiring and control configurations are also contemplated, including configurations with at least one manual or automatic switch, circuit breaker protection, onboard charge control devices, visual displays or other indicators for charge status, temperature, or other performance factors, etc. For example, in cases where ultracapacitors are used in place of batteries in the surge power system 520, a special rapid recharge system could be used to utilize excess power from the fuel cell system to recharge the capacitors so that they would be available despite prior use. Charge control systems may be installed on any batteries or battery banks with such charge control circuits being based on a microprocessor monitoring circuit, or a temperature gradient measured during charging, or on the measurement of the total charge current carried into the battery bank, or the voltage of the battery bank.
 The use of fuel cell 100 will generally require the use of an electronic voltage converter 640 to match the voltage output of the fuel cell system 100 with the voltage level of the other power sources/storage devices 500 such as primary storage system 510 and surge storage system 520. The converter is preferred to operate as a “smart” DC to DC converter to continually match the fuel cell output voltage with the those of the power storage devices 500 inputs and/or outputs.
 Power to the motor 200 is controlled by electronic controllers, such as controller 620, which may be any of several devices. Appropriate power control means may include a multiphase controller and pulse width modulation, or a combination of a switch, contactor, IGBT, or a MOSFET transistor. The operation of the controller 620 is via a normal throttle type lever 613 in the cockpit which rotates a potentiometer which varies the basic control voltage at the input of the controller 620. Various embodiments may utilize one or more inertial switches (630, 630A, and 630B) to provide means for cutting off power to any of the aircraft motors (200, 200A, and 200B) if the inertial switches are tripped in the event of a crash.
 As shown in FIG. 6, an aircraft may employ two or more electric motors 200A and 200B for propulsion, and may employ multiple fuel cell systems for redundancy and safety. Each motor 200A and 200B would have its own controller (620A and 620B) for maximum flight control and overall redundancy, although the controllers 620A and 620B could all be housed in the same unit. It is still further contemplated that more than one surge power batteries (520A and 520B) may be employed in aircraft that use more than one motor (200A and 200B). All other components and operation are similar to the definitions above in FIG. 5.
 Aircraft 10 may also include a heat exchange system 700 adapted to transfer excess heat from the aircraft components such as-the electric motor, motor controller, fuel cell and hydrogen generator to air flowing past or into the aircraft. In preferred embodiments, a special input air duct will be used to provide airflow for cooling.
 In FIG. 7, airship 1010 comprises a non-regenerative fuel cell system 1100, and electric motor 1200, a source of oxygen 1400 coupled to fuel cell 1100, and a source of hydrogen 1300 also coupled to fuel cell 1100. Airship 1100 also comprises envelope 1011 adapted to contain a gas or other “lighter than air” material that provides buoyancy to the airship as well as control surface 1012 and propeller 1240.
 Thus, specific embodiments and features of a fuel cell powered electric airplane system have been disclosed. It should be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that many more variations and modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. Such possibilities include but are not necessarily limited to aircraft having more, fewer, or differing combinations of fuel cells, motors, energy storage devices and/or other elements other than those described herein. Other possibilities include aircraft which utilize one or more fuel cells to power electrical devices other than electric motors used for propulsion. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced.
1. An aircraft comprising a fuel cell adapted to provide electrical energy to at least one electrically powered device, wherein the electrically powered device is an electric motor adapted to propel the aircraft, and the fuel cell is part of a non-regenerative system.
2. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the motor is an AC motor.
3. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the fuel cell is a phosphoric acid, alkaline, molten carbonate, proton exchange membrane (PEM), polymer electrolyte membrane, direct methanol, direct ethanol, or solid oxide fuel cell.
4. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the aircraft is remotely piloted.
5. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the aircraft is selected from the group consisting of an ultralight aircraft, a sport aviation aircraft, a military aircraft, a general aviation aircraft, a commercial passenger aircraft, a gyrocopter, and a helicopter.
6. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the aircraft is capable of taking off and climbing and further comprises an energy storage device adapted to provide supplemental power to the motor while the aircraft is taking off or climbing.
7. The aircraft of claim 1 further comprising an energy storage device which is a capacitor, a rechargeable battery, a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a zinc air battery, an aluminum air battery, an alkaline battery or a flywheel energy storage system.
8. The aircraft of claim 7 wherein the fuel cell provides electrical power to the electrical energy storage unit, and the electrical energy storage unit provides power to both the electric motor and to at least one other electrical load.
9. The aircraft of claim 1 further comprising a source of hydrogen adapted to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell wherein the source of hydrogen is one of a tank of pressurized hydrogen, a tank of liquid hydrogen, a container of metal hydride material, a container of carbon nanofibers, a hydrogen generator system, or a hydrocarbon fuel reformer.
10. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the aircraft is capable of climbing at a rate of at least 1000 feet per minute while carrying at least two people, and the aircraft is a fixed wing aircraft having a wingspan of less than W feet where W is one of 200, 150, 100, and 50.
11. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the fuel cell or one or more related components are weight optimized in that they comprise at least one of the following: graphite end plates, titanium tie bars, light weight heat exchangers, carbon composite tanks, and carbon fuel manifolds.
12. An aircraft comprising:
- an electric motor adapted to propel the aircraft;
- a fuel cell adapted to provide electrical energy to the electric motor; and
- a container of pressurized oxygen adapted to provide oxygen to the fuel cell;
- wherein the fuel cell is part of a non-regenerative system.
13. The aircraft of claim 12 further comprising a container of hydrogen adapted to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell wherein the container of hydrogen and/or the container of oxygen can be refilled without being removed from the aircraft, and/or can be easily replaced with a pre-charged container.
14. An aircraft comprising:
- an electric motor adapted to propel the aircraft;
- a fuel cell adapted to provide electrical energy to the electric motor; and
- an input ram air duct adapted to provide pressurized air containing oxygen to the fuel cell.
15. The aircraft of claim 14 further comprising an electric fan and a fan power source wherein the fan is adapted to force air through a portion of the input ram air duct, the fan power source provides electrical power to the fan, and the fan power source is at least one of one of a fuel cell, a battery, a capacitor, and an electric generator.
16. An airship comprising:
- at least one electric motor adapted to propel the airship by rotating a propeller; and
- a fuel cell adapted to provide electrical energy to the electric motor;
- wherein the fuel cell is part of a non-regenerative system.
17. The airship of claim 16 further comprising a storage area adapted to retain waste from the fuel cell.
18. The airship of claim 17 wherein the storage area is adapted to allow any waste it contains to be removed from the airship while the airship is in flight.
Filed: May 6, 2003
Publication Date: Dec 18, 2003
Inventor: James P. Dunn (Shrewbury, MA)
Application Number: 10431052
International Classification: B64B001/24;


text:
The PBC, an intergovernmental advisory body launched in 2006, plays a crucial role in supporting peace efforts in conflict-affected countries.
Consisting of 31 Member States elected from the General Assembly, the Security Council, and the Economic and Social Council, it brings together top donors and troop-contributing countries.
Ambassador Ivan Šimonović of Croatia, Commission Chair, cited the latest UN Secretary-General’s report, stating that “the security situation in the Sahel continued to be marked by terrorism and violent extremist groups frequently targeting border areas.” The situation has only got worse during this year.
The PBC has been actively involved in improving conditions across the Sahel , encompassing such countries as Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Niger, and Senegal.
It supports regional peacebuilding priorities and assists in the implementation of the UN Integrated Strategy for the Sahel (UNISS) and its Support Plan. Previous PBC meetings have focused on building climate resilience and addressing climate degradation issues.
With concerns over institutional fragility, weak governance, poverty, border security, population growth, mass migration, and climate change, the Commission is also focused on prevention and resolution of conflicts, violent extremism, and organized crime.
To conflict-affected regions like the Sahel transnational organized crime poses a significant threat. The illegal activities there vary from weapons sales and drug production to migrant smuggling and human trafficking.
The UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimates that illicit economic activities there generate billions of dollars annually, while much of the population lives on less than $2 per day.
Mar Dieye, who heads the UNISS, told UN News in an earlier interview that anti-trafficking and organized crime efforts are issues that have until recently been overlooked.
“With the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) threat assessments on transnational organized crime, we’ve discovered a huge economy that has been in the blind spot among national actors and international partners,” he said.
The leading instrument for investing in peacebuilding is the Secretary-General’s Peacebuilding Fund. “The Sahel is a region of high priority to the Peacebuilding Fund, with 35 per cent of its funds allocated to the region in 2022,” said Elizabeth Spehar, Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support.
She highlighted significant results achieved through the Fund such as cross-border initiatives to support national security cooperation and operations to shut down transnational criminal gangs – between The Gambia and Senegal, and between Mali and Guinea – as well as a project in Burkina Faso to fight organized crime and illicit trafficking.
The meeting convened on Peacebuilding Day marked annually on 23 June. In a video message Ms. Spehar spoke of the critical need to increase efforts to address root causes of conflict and invest in peacebuilding.
She underscored the significance of the UN’s Peacebuilding architecture and highlighted the Secretary-General’s proposed New Agenda for Peace, currently under development, as an excellent opportunity to prioritize prevention and peacebuilding.


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Commercial and industrial facilities frequently use Decorative Perforated Sheet panels. However, modern architects use these Decorative Perforated Sheets materials to build stunning residential buildings. Since it can hide and surround your gardens or other spaces while allowing for air, visual openness, and light, Decorative perforated sheet metal is ideal for both ornamental and structural uses.
A Sheet metal panel with holes that are a specific form and size is known as Decorative perforated sheet metal. When viewed from a distance, these ornamental metal panels offer a mesh-like appearance.
You can acquire Decorative perforated metal sheets in standard or unique shapes, sizes, and patterns if you wish to use them for your upcoming project.
Standard perforated ornamental panels, on the other hand, are typically circular and come in sizes that range from one millimeter to several. Since the panels will be thicker, you will have to pay extra if you wish to purchase perforated metal sheets with larger holes.
Additionally, Decorative perforated sheet metal can be made to order with holes of any size and shape, such as rectangles, squares, diamonds, and more. By altering the patterns, sizes, and layouts of perforated decorative metal panels, some designers also use them to make artwork.
Decorative Perforated Sheet Metal Materials
Perforated panels are made from a variety of materials by suppliers and manufacturers of construction supplies. Every material has special benefits and qualities to offer.
Common Materials for Perforated Sheet Metal Include: Composite Aluminium panel Steel, Aluminium, Iron, and Copper
You should select a material that can endure a long time without needing any extra maintenance based on your application, the location of your property, and your requirements.
Even though every material has advantages, as perforated sheet metal, aluminium composite panel are strong, low-maintenance materials that provide a contemporary and lovely appearance. So, an aluminium composite panel is your best option if you want to purchase perforated sheet metal that is both strong and attractive.
Advantages of Decorative Perforated Sheet Metals
Despite the fact that each material offers perforated decorative metal panels with particular advantages, there are some shared advantages that you should be aware of.
- Architectural projects including facades, stairs, screens, and other similar structures can make use of perforated sheet metal for both decorative and structural purposes.
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- Controlling ventilation within a space is another excellent use for perforated panels.
- Given that these metal panels can dampen sound, several designers incorporate perforated sheet metal into their designs, particularly for ceilings.
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Application of Decorative Perforated Sheet Metals
It’s time to educate yourself on the greatest applications for perforated sheet metal in your homes.
- Stair balustrades: Use perforated metal sheets for any floor-to-ceiling stair railings you may have. These decorative panels can also serve as handrails.
- Steep Stairs and Risers: Perforated metal panels that are sturdy, long-lasting, and of the highest quality are ideal for stair treads and risers because their texture prevents slipping better. They also have a large load-bearing capacity. All spaces are ventilated and illuminated thanks to risers with perforated metal panels.
- Garden Paths: Use perforated metal panels to embellish the garden paths that lead from the backyard to the main structure. By doing this, you will improve the walkway’s visibility while giving your home a stunning, contemporary look.
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- Home Facade: Your home’s skin, the building facade or cladding system, protects the structure and adds visual flair. Therefore, perforated ornamental panels can be used by architects and designers to make beautiful, contemporary home facades.
- Outdoor Awning: Awnings made of perforated panels with specific cuts can be used to protect your home’s façade from the damaging effects of sunlight and rain.
- Additional Decorative Details: Additionally, ornamental perforated metal sheets can be used for smaller design elements, such as pendants, to give glass and wood interiors an industrial feel.
Decorative Perforated Sheets Manufacturer
Mcneil Instrument stands out prominently as a premier manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of decorative perforated sheets in India. Renowned for their exceptional craftsmanship and commitment to quality, Mcneil Instrument has established itself as one of the best in the industry. Their innovative designs and precision-engineered perforations offer a unique blend of aesthetics and functionality, catering to diverse decorative applications. With an unwavering focus on customer satisfaction, Mcneil Instrument continues to set high standards in producing top-notch decorative perforated sheets that adorn spaces with elegance and sophistication.

domain: artistic


text:
Guitarist, Composer, and Recording Artist offering private lessons. In person, or via Skype.
I have taught many, ranging from Children, up to Professional Touring Musicians.
What do you get?
Beginner to Advanced training in:
-and much more
We will work together to meet your personal goals, whether it may be strumming some chords and learning songs, or Shredding up and down the neck of the guitar. These are CUSTOMIZED sessions to fit your needs. I take pride in my work, and would absolutely love to help you grow as a musician!
Check out my website for contact, and more detailed information:
You can listen to my album here.
You can find me on Yelp as well for reviews
Lessons will take place in my studio.
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There are no reviews yet
There is no typical process. Every student is different and has their own unique goals and needs. My job is to find out what that is from the beginning to help them get to where they want to be.
I have 13 years of experience. I have done extensive schooling along with lessons from multiple instructors. I have released an album, and continue to do so. I have experience with studio work and recording, and I also have experience with live performance as well.
$30 for half an hour
$40 for a full hour
longer time slots can be worked out as well.
Passion. I love what I do, and people noticed this early on. People have come to me to learn pretty early on. So I decided to offer my knowledge to others.
I've worked with children, all the way up to adults. I've worked with beginner all the way up to advanced players.
Building my studio.
Make sure that the instructor is fully aware of your goals, and is capable of helping you reach them.
To ask themselves what it is they want to achieve.


The establishment of the Transportation Research, Applications and Instrumentation Laboratory (TRAIL) would involve the fusion of many aspects of current research being done at the Western Transportation Institute. The laboratory would provide a test bed for the various types of research currently being conducted by the Western Transportation Institute. Input from our multi-disciplinary staff of researchers poses exciting possibilities for creating and testing new applications and uses of technology. The Western Transportation Institute’s goal is to open a facility at which research and development can be conducted, and tested, for the purpose of providing road users with a safe traveling environment. Phase I The first phase of this project will be to develop the requirements and determine the potential partnerships for a local component of the transportation laboratory including instrumentation, communication, and a data processing and management center. In working with the MSU Senior Design Capstone class, WTI will direct a multi-disciplinary group of students to conduct outreach and analysis to determine appropriate requirements for the laboratory.Phase II The goal of phase two is to establish a “smart travel corridor” for 19th Street in Bozeman that promotes a safe and efficient traveling environment for its users. The diverse nature and increasing traffic volumes of 19th Street qualifies it as an appropriate candidate for the initial phase of this project. Traffic volumes on 19th Street have currently exceeded projected expectations and continue to increase. High traffic volume promotes safety and delay concerns. Given the increased development along the 19th Street corridor, we expect an even greater increase in traffic volume, congestion, and incidents over time. Deployment of traffic, weather, and road condition sensors will allow WTI to obtain real-time and summary data describing travel conditions. These data will be communicated to the TRAIL data management center for processing and archiving. Methods of communicating real-time travel conditions to motorists will be explored. Phase III The goal of phase three will be to implement new systems and technologies as funding and time permit. Data may be collected from sensors in the Bozeman area, across Montana, and from existing data streams in other WTI partner states. Locations will be evaluated and determined as the project progresses. The Transportation Research, Applications and Instrumentation Laboratory located at Montana State University would serve three purposes:• Research: TRAIL will support the evaluation of new software and technology. It would provide a simulated environment for human factors testing. Data collected by the laboratory would be used for the development of incident response plans, signal timing schemes, and special events traffic coordination. Data could be used as a reference point for future expansion and development plans along the roadway. The transportation research, applications and instrumentation laboratory would be a test bed for a variety of new human factors, weather, pavement, animal detection, and traffic technologies.• Education: A transportation research, applications and instrumentation laboratory located in the university setting would enable students to receive hands-on training using current data collection software and weather, animal detection, traffic, pavement, and human factors technologies prior to entering the work force. It would provide a small classroom environment for teaching and provide ample opportunity for thesis and graduate student research studies. • Technology Transfer: The Western Transportation Institute’s laboratory at Montana State University would collect real-time data that would, in turn, be used to benefit small urban and rural communities. A laboratory such as the one we are opening assists communities with future growth plans by collecting and sharing data that can be used by various agencies to determine community needs and provide solutions to ongoing problems. State of MontanaMontana Department of TransportationCity of BozemanGallatin CountyFederal Highway AdministrationCalifornia Department of TransportationOregon Department of TransportationSwiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche ResearchNational Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, and Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University
The Western Transportation Institute’s Transportation Research, Applications and Instrumentation Laboratory (TRAIL) will demonstrate and evaluate various data acquisition, control systems, information delivery, and management systems in a small urban and rural environment. Systems will be deployed that relate to weather and winter mobility, highway infrastructure design and maintenance, wildlife and ecology, commercial vehicle operations, emergency medical services and public transportation. TRAIL will be developed and deployed in multiple phases with Phases 1 and 2 being deployed locally at Montana State University-Bozeman. Subsequent phases will involve collaborations with department of transportation in California and Oregon and international partnerships with Switzerland (Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research) and Japan (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, and Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University).
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Major life events often trigger mixed and conflicting emotions. Retirement is no exception. While retirement can be exciting, it is also a daunting life stage to commence. For most individuals, it means forgoing a stable employment income and relying entirely on life savings. The Government’s Age Pension is one source of income for eligible individuals, but what are some other options available for retirees to supplement their retirement income in a low interest rate world without taking on excessive risk?
Many would turn to a reverse mortgage from a financial institution which allows a homeowner to draw on their home’s equity as an income stream or lump sum. However, did you know that the Federal Government is also in the business of offering Reverse Mortgages? This is currently known as the Pension Loans Scheme (PLS) however from 1 January it will be rebranded the Home Equity Access Scheme.
In our December newsletter, we’ll briefly explore this scheme.
General features of the Home Equity Access Scheme
The scheme allows eligible individuals to utilise Australian property owned by them, or their partner, as security to receive a tax-free income stream from the Australian Government, by taking out a loan against the equity in their home. Essentially, recipients are releasing equity in their property to assist with funding their retirement.
Recipients can nominate a fixed or indefinite term and may also elect to stop receiving payments at any time. Repayments can also be made at any time however the loan balance is generally settled once the property that is utilised as security is sold or recovered from the recipient’s estate.
To further enhance the scheme’s flexibility and attractiveness, there are proposed changes from 1 July 2022 of a no negative equity guarantee and capped advanced payments in the form of a lump sum. The former would prevent participants from owing more than what their property is worth, and thus aligns the scheme with existing private sector reverse mortgages.
The loan is provided by the Government and from 1 January the annual interest rate as determined by the Minister for the Department of Social Services is 3.95% compounding fortnightly which compares favorably to commercial reverse mortgages. Additionally, there are costs to start and exit the loan; the amount of these costs depends on the applicant’s circumstances. Naturally the longer the loan is held, the greater amount that will be outstanding due to the compounding interest.
The prospect of additional income in retirement may be attractive however eligibility criteria limit who can access the scheme. Applicant criteria include the following:
- Have reached Age Pension age;
- Eligible for any of these qualifying pensions – Age Pension, Carer Payment, or Disability Support Payment;
- Own Australian real estate with adequate insurance (adequate is considered as 90% of the value of all buildings);
- Not bankrupt or subject to a personal insolvency agreement.
Those familiar with social security would be aware that any entitlement is determined by means testing, i.e., an assets and an income test. The test which results in the lower or nil entitlement determines the payment. Even if these tests exclude the applicant from receiving a qualifying pension, they may still participate in the scheme.
The loan amount and payment rates
Similar to a private sector reverse mortgage, the Government will apply numerous principles to determine the loan amount. For example, consideration will be given to the value of the property; the amount of equity to be retained in the property; and age at commencement. The payments will cease once the loan amount is reached.
Eligible participants may receive up to 150% of their maximum Age Pension entitlement inclusive of supplements. The loan plus any existing Age Pension entitlement cannot exceed this 150% ceiling. As an example, an eligible single person could receive a loan of up to 150% of the single maximum Age Pension of $967.50, i.e., $1,451.25. If they are already in receipt of a part-Age Pension of $700 per fortnight. the maximum amount of loan they can receive is $751.25. If their assets or income results in a $0 payment rate, then they may receive the full $1,451.25 per fortnight as a loan.
Get in touch
Retirees who are struggling with their monthly cash flow or looking for alternative sources of income may wish to consider the Home Equity Access Scheme in greater detail. Please get in touch with your Bell Potter adviser to learn more.
Our Technical Financial Advice team, in conjunction with a Bell Potter adviser can help you create a road map to achieve your financial goals, no matter where you are today. Whether you are looking for one-off advice or ongoing advice, our team can assist.
Get in touch with us to set up a complimentary initial appointment over the phone or in person across Australia.

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Jennifer says she’s not ‘desperate’ to have a baby and is actually ‘at peace,’ our relationship expert Diana Falzone explains!
Jennifer Aniston wants children but she’s not overly worried about timing. The gorgeous actress has been incredibly happy as of late and much of that has to do with her new boyfriend Justin Theroux. But Jen tells Elle that although many say she’s in a race against mother nature at 42-years-old — she’s not.
HollywoodLife.com had Diana Falzone, a top NYC relationship expert come in and give us her take on Jen’s baby decisions. Diana actually believes Jen is right to wait and not rush it!
“If it’s meant to be, it’s meant to be,” Jen said. “I’m at peace with whatever the plan is.”


The Impulse Plate (sometimes referred to as Impluse Plate) is one of the Plates added by Thermal Expansion. When touched by entities, it gives them a configurable amount of momentum in a certain direction and a configurable angle, potentially sending them flying.
The exact movement of entities after being given momentum by an Impulse Plate is unfortunately not very predictable. This is due to how Minecraft internally handles its physics.
The Plate can be placed on any side of a block. The direction it points in can be changed using a Crescent Hammer or similar, as well as in the Plate's GUI.
The Impulse Plate can be configured by sneaking and using a Multimeter on it. The Plate's GUI is then opened:
- 1. Force Controls
- Change the force of the momentum the Impulse Plate gives to entities on contact. Can be anywhere between 0.0 and 3.5. Hold Ctrl or Shift while clicking these buttons to fine-tune this value.
- 2. Angle Controls
- Change the angle in degrees of the momentum the Impulse Plate gives to entities on contact. Can be anywhere between -15 and 60 degrees. Hold Ctrl or Shift while clicking these buttons to fine-tune this value.
- 3. Direction Button
- Changes the direction in which the Impulse Plate is pointing.
- 4. Information Tab
- Displays a bit of information about the Impulse Plate.
- 5. Security Tab
- Allows setting who is allowed to configure the Impulse Plate. Only available if a Signalum Security Lock is installed.


By: Josh Clark
DALLAS (105.3 The Fan) – If you’ve been on social media for the last week and a half you most likely have noticed the Cowboys tweeting out inspiring videos of players displaying their 2016 season motto, “Finish This Fight.”
The videos are jaw dropping and are meant to get Cowboys fans fired up for Sunday’s divisional round matchup against the Green Bay Packers.
Because they are so good we wanted to bring them all together so fans can watch them over and over.
Check them out below if you want to get your blood pumping for this Sunday.


"CBS This Morning" is examining unexpected medical costs as part of our continuing "Bill of the Month" series, in partnership with Kaiser Health News and NPR.
We can all learn some lessons about health care from a former professional athlete who had a serious accident and ended up in intensive care. Cyclist Phil Gaimon was left on the hook for about $150,000 in medical bills — even though he had both primary and secondary health insurance.
In 2019, Gaimon was racing in an Olympic qualifying race when he collided with another cyclist. He was thrown from his bike at about 40 miles an hour, breaking seven bones.
Gaimon was rushed unconscious to a nearby ER, at Lehigh Valley Hospital in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
"So when I woke up, it was excruciating pain," Gaimon said. "I'd broken all the ribs on my right side, my collarbone, and ... my scapula, my shoulder blade."
Gaimon received collarbone surgery at Lehigh Valley Hospital and a second surgery on his shoulder bone at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York.
"Both of the surgeries were completely necessary," Gaimon said. "I was just in tremendous pain all around."
He made a quick recovery at home, but then the bills came.
They totaled over $200,000 from both hospitals. His two insurances paid a total of only $52,000 — leaving him on the hook for about $150,000.
He realized Lehigh Valley Hospital was out of network. And his shoulder surgery was classified as an "elective" procedure instead of an "emergency" — which could have saved him money.
"They hit you with the bills when you're literally least capable of handling anything," Gaimon said. "I get a stack of bills every month. I get collection notices every day."
Dr. Elizabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News, told "CBS This Morning" about the situation. "Hospital billing is filled with landmines. And Phil hit three of them — out-of-network hospitals, high costs, and here's the biggy in his case — insurance from one state often doesn't work very well in another."
Rosenthal said Gaimon got hit with something called balance-billing, a type of surprise bill.
"You go to a hospital that's out of network and, according to all the surprise billing laws that many states have, you're only supposed to be charged in an emergency what you would have been charged at an in-network hospital," Rosenthal said. "So Phil's insurer, which was California-based, paid what it considered a reasonable rate ... Both hospitals wanted far more, and they balance-billed Phil for the difference. If he'd been in California, which has a good surprise-billing law, that would have been illegal. But because he was in Pennsylvania and New York and insurance is state-regulated, they could do it."
"So there are some things you can do," Rosenthal said. "Of course, Phil was unconscious, so, you know, you're not in a place to be a savvy health care consumer. But if you are still awake, you can ask to go to a hospital that's in-network when they ask you to sign those forms that say I'll pay for anything my insurance doesn't cover, you can add in as long as it's in my network. And you have a choice if an ambulance comes to pick you up and you don't think you need an ambulance, you can say I'm not getting in."
Gaimon has spent months calling and writing letters to his primary insurance, Health Net, to persuade them to cover more of the bills, but he has been unsuccessful.
Health Net said that they are committed to providing high-quality care with a large choice of in-network providers and that members should contact them for assistance.
"This could happen to anybody at any time — where you can just wake up in a hospital and then later find out you owe them $150,000," Gaimon said. "I wish I knew that getting health insurance was still, essentially, a gamble."
Lehigh Valley Health Network told Kaiser Health News that they have no record of Gaimon trying to contact them about financial assistance and that they would be happy to discuss a mutual resolution of his outstanding balance.
The Hospital for Special Surgery said they reached out to Gaimon to help resolve the dispute about the surgery classification and will continue to advocate on his behalf.
for more features.


A 3D printer is as impressive as a factory of infinite objects!
“My experience with Club 3D has greatly enriched my knowledge of 3D world. Thanks to the Library Living Lab mentors I have learned to transform my ideas into prototypes of future products in the projects I have in my work.
Today 3D printing is applied in almost all areas of our lives and it is common to learn in social networks when the first printed leg, the first car, the first house, the first satellite, the first false tooth appears in 3D, the first potato chip … is a new manufacturing process where material is added without using a mold or carve a piece base, so that the needs remain the same, but how to make them has changed.
The World of 3D printing, is a fascinating world where all of us can find a curious thing. I invite you to participate, collaborate and experiment! Check our activities, you will not regret it!


May 14, 2011 by Post Team
Miranda Lambert, Miranda Lambert and Blake Shelton will be married today (14 May) at an undisclosed location in Miranda’s home state of Texas. The happy couple, which began dating in 2006, sparked rumors regarding the previous year, when their undeniable chemistry was evident during the recording of “CMT 100 Greatest Duets.” The bride and groom made the Frizell David / Shelly classic western hit, “You’re the Reason God Made Oklahoma” – a song providential given Miranda eventually left Texas to get closer to her boyfriend in the state before.
Blake and Miranda continued to juggle a relationship with their demanding career with Blake’s fame skyrocketed on the heels of 1 to there fourth single, ‘Home’ (which includes Miranda’s voice in background). Miranda saw her own successful start to fly with his first Top 10 hit, ‘Gunpowder & Lead, and a vast collection of awards including the ACM Award for Album of the Year in 2007 for platinum, the acclaimed project criticism, ‘Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. ”
The marriage began to speak after four years of dating, when Blake suddenly came clean on his plans to marry his love from long ago. “We’ve had our highs and lows, but I think together we are stronger now than ever, ever,” suggested Blake back home in March 2010. “For the first time, I can see that [commitment] happening, and may also … So who knows?”
Just two months later, Blake’s father properly Miranda asked for her hand in marriage before proposing in May 2010. “They sat together and had a conversation,” said Miranda Cowboys & Indians magazine. I do not know how it happened, but I guess it was. But that was really important to me. Going back to my roots. I think every man should ask dad to the girl’s hand. ”
The singer of “Honey Bee” sealed the deal with a precious diamond and platinum ring, which was selected without the help of his girlfriend. “It is absolutely beautiful. It has an air of time, and this is something I’ve always wanted,” which came out to People magazine about her new flare. “It’s platinum and has a large stone in the center and two half moon stones on the side. He chose for himself, and I’m very proud of him!”
It was not long after the official commitment that Miranda began working on a fitness plan before the wedding, including a new diet and plenty of exercise – and went down two dress sizes in the process. “I do not know how much weight I lost. I only know that people say, ‘You look great,’” she tells U.S. weekly magazine. Opt for almonds on Cheetos, singer and songwriter, who had to balance a new meal plan for the trip across the country on her tour Revolution, cut some of their favorite foods to lose to a new slender figure. “No mayonnaise, potatoes or bread … actually only vegetables and meat.”
The 27-year-old will have the opportunity to show your work when she walks down the aisle. And while the blond beauty has opted to keep her wedding dress a secret, Blake made his costume for the big day of public knowledge at the beginning of recruitment. “Miranda told me he wants me to be comfortable,” he said at startup in August. “She said, ‘I want you to wear your jeans and boots, and help you find a cold jacket’, which shocked the hell out of me!”
Miranda quickly began planning the wedding at full speed, with Blake decisions is limited to a function: the choice of entertainment for the reception. The reigning ACM Male Vocalist of the Year asked his good friend, Neal McCoy, to do the honors.
“I do not think I could have gone to Las Vegas and found the funniest person I have fun at anyone or have a crowd going better than Neal McCoy,” said Blake starting. “Mostly it’s just a friend, and I was [foreign] asking to play at the wedding, because I still Neal McCoy, despite being a friend to me. When asked, I think I was a little surprised that we him, but he said he was honored to do so. Therefore, I cannot wait to see what you have prepared for that night. ”
Neal was very happy to be the official wedding singer. “Blake is a good friend of mine,” said Neal to Country Weekly. “Blake reminds me of myself, which is a bit silly – it’s a silly lot. – In reality, he is really funny and Miranda took the chairs to one side of the stage [at a concert in Oregon], and supposes who were surprised by the spontaneity and silliness of my program, so I asked to play her wedding reception. They wanted me to pay, and I said: ‘Of course I do not have to pay! That’s going to be an honor to play. “I’m sure it will be great fun and a who’s who type of thing with all attendees. ”
The rest of the details for the big day were left mostly to Miranda, which adapts the groom very well. “Here’s the thing – I am happy to be married to Miranda Lambert, but do not give a sht about weddings,” he admitted to the boot. “Therefore, it is a great thing for her, and I’m excited about it, but I have a lot of input because I have many ideas. Every wedding I’ve gone, I slept well or been so miserable that he had in my iPod and no one knew, or was playing angry bird on my phone. Even if it’s your wedding, if you’re a guy, it’s boring. So I’m real excited about the ceremony to happen, because after that, the reception will be a party, and that’s what I’m waiting. ”
The lovebirds did not need to wait until marriage to start the match. Miranda went to Louisville to celebrate their wedding with some of her pals in the annual Kentucky Derby last weekend. Her boyfriend, decided to adopt a more discreet approach to her final night as a single man.
“Me and my friends are having a camping trip somewhere,” Blake revealed to Parade magazine. “Maybe try to find something to go hunting. Turkey or bears or something. Something country. The last ten years of my life has been a bachelor party, so do not need an extra night to add my life. I had a lot of stuff. ”
The hunting trip before the wedding was only boys, but the sport is something that couples do together – so that venison is served at your reception. “We’ll have venison served at our wedding – we already have plenty of them ready,” Blake told the magazine reported us. “It really was the brainchild of [Miranda]. So when your girlfriend thinks so, that makes it easy for me, just to show and have a good time!”
Earlier this week, Miranda showed he was serious about the choice of meat for the reception. “The last thing we charge for the wedding! Harvested for me!!!!!”…. Twitter, along with a photo of a package of venison chops with her name on them.
With two superstars to tie the knot, the event will probably be one of the most stellar of years. Two guests already confirmed to be present include Reba McEntire and her husband, Narvel Blackstock. The couple is not only good friends but also Narvel and his son, Brandon, also manage Blake stellar career.
“They really have a maternal relationship with Blake, so I’m looking forward to,” says Reba booting. “It will be a very different wedding, but I’m looking forward to … nothing to do with Blake and Miranda is always fun.”
The couple has remained silent about their honeymoon plans, but we know that the newlyweds will be back in business in about ten days. Blake goes to his home state on May 25, co-hosted the first of two concerts, Tornado Relief, along with Reba, to help residents recover from devastating tornadoes that hit the state last month.
“Oklahoma defines who I am and seeing the effects of this disaster has had on my neighbors, I knew I had to do something,” said the generous star. “Reba and I have much love for this state, and we wanted to do what we can to help. This place is my home, and these people are familiar to us.”
Surrounded by family and friends, the future Mr. and Mrs. Shelton are willing to take the next step in their fairytale romance. “I come to him with confidence,” Miranda told the magazine Redbook. “The marriage will be its stability throughout. Is someone who always has your back? And it makes me want to be a better woman for it to be that Blake. Forever.”
Blake agrees. “She is one of the few people who meet and have a connection with, and you really do not understand completely, but you know it’s a great thing,” he says to boot. However, in a way Blake could not help but scoff at the importance of the big day.
“Hey you guys, fans and freaks,” Twitter earlier this week. “I’m not going to be here for a few days to remove s — for me while I’m gone. I’m going to stay buried.”
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14 Mar 2021 Once Only Event
Immerse yourself in resin design at this resin art beginner’s class!
Eat Love Paint is thrilled to present this hands on workshop in collaboration with Artisue Creative, a leading brand of pigments for resin artists in Australia and the world.
This resin art workshop is a rare opportunity to receive expert tuition from Sue Rosenberg. Sue is lifelong artist with specialist skills in colour and has made her mark in the art world by experimenting and mixing her own colours so her artworks are unique in every way. They will give resin demonstrations and individual consultation and guidance as you work to create your own beautiful resin artwork. All materials are provided and you will learn the basics of pigments, safety and design to make your beautiful resin art on a 60 centimetre cradled board.
Join them and have an excellent time, meet new people, have fun and enter the world of resin art! Take home your gorgeous resin art with you and all the new great knowledge to keep mastering your new relaxing hobby.
Once Only Event
14 Mar 2021