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Respiratory health frequently seems to be the most susceptible part of the body, and at the least sign of the flu or a common cold, the throat starts to hurt, the sinuses get packed and the push for cough starts to grow up from the chest. These three widespread signs can be painful, not convenient and lifelong, if you are not able to treat them correctly. Use of essential oils for sore throat, cough and congestion signs is a best option for quick sooth.
A sore throat usually happens when you have a viral infection, which may provoke the mucus membranes in the throat and causing those tissues to become annoyed. Nasal congestion happens for a alike reason, when the nasal tissues become annoyed and the mucosal membranes start secreting additional mucus in reply, causing a close nose and blocked sinuses. When that extra mucus gets down into the throat, or is closed and swallowed, it can take up abode in the lungs, along with some other fluids and phlegm. This chest congestion can cause tightness, pain or distress, which may lead to severe coughing, the aggressive, hacking response of the lungs and chest to drive out surplus mucus, or in reaction to irritation in the throat.
All of these symptoms are closely associated, but with the appropriate use and mixes of essential oil for sore throat, cough and congestion, you can rapidly relieve this inflammation and get to the recovery.
Away from the usually suggested rest, appropriate nutrition, abundance of liquids, hot teas and gargling, sore throat therapies include beating into the natural influence of essential oils for sore throat pain.
Essential oils originate from the leaves, bark, stems, and flowers of plants through steam or water distillation. They assist to prevent plants from predators, fungi, and bacteria. They also create a center of attention to insects for pollination. In humans, essential oils may assist to kill germs, decrease inflammation, and swiftness up healing.
It’s very important to keep in mind that essential oils are to be inhaled or diluted in carrier oil and applied to the skin. When they are going to be diluted in oil, essential oils can also be supplementary to a bath. Ingestion of essential oils is not suggested, as some are toxic.
Top Essential Oils for Sore Throat
The applications and benefits for essential oils truthfully are never-ending and if you have study any of my other essential oil articles, you’re almost certainly not even that astonished that they can be used for sore throats, too.
There are following essential oils for sore throat pain. They will kill germs, relieve inflammation and speed healing of this annoying and painful malady:
- Juniper berry
1. Peppermint Essential Oil
Peppermint oil is frequently used for medication of the common cold, cough, infections of sinuses, respiratory infections, and swelling of the mouth and throat, plus sore throats. It’s also beneficial for digestive issues, like heartburn, nausea, vomiting, sunrise sickness, bad-tempered bowel syndrome (IBS), cramps of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and bile ducts disturb stomach, diarrhea, bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine, and gas.
Peppermint essential oil carries menthol, which gives a cooling sensation and a soothing effect to the body. Research shows that the antioxidant, antimicrobial and decongestant characteristics of peppermint essential oil can assist improve your sore throat. Menthol also uses to ease and calm sore throats as well as slender mucus and break up coughs.
2. Lemon Essential Oil
Lemon essential oil is also recognized for its capability to wash toxins from any part of the body and is extensively used to encourage lymph drainage, to rejuvenate energy and decontaminate skin.
Lemon oil is resultant from the skin of the lemon and is brilliant for sore throats as it is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and high in vitamin C, elevating salivation and assists to keep the throat moist.
3. Eucalyptus Essential Oil
Eucalyptus is frequently used as an antiseptic to extravagance colds, sore throats, and coughs. Nowadays, oil from the eucalyptus tree observes in many over-the-counter cough and cold products to lessen congestion. The health benefits of eucalyptus oil are because of its aptitude to arouse immunity, supply antioxidant protection and get better respiratory circulation.
Initially it is known as “eucalyptol” by the scientific community, the health benefits of eucalyptus oil originate from a chemical now referred as cineole, which is an organic complex exposed to hold surprising, extensive medicinal effects, including everything from decreasing swelling and pain to killing leukemia cells. It’s no marvel it can be one of the ladder to hit a cold and sore throat.
4. Oregano Essential Oil
This is familiar herb. As in oil form, it is a elegant option for protection against a sore throat. There are facts that the essential oil of oregano has antifungal and antiviral characteristics. One study still found that medication with oregano oil may be helpful for parasite infections.
It is an expectorant, serving to clean out blockage of the sinuses, but also cuts through thick phlegm in the chest, help to ease pressure in the lungs and the tightness that often causes fits of coughing.
If you have any uncertainties that oregano oil can stop and extravagance a sore throat, it has even been exposed to kill the superbug MRSA both as a liquid and as a vapor, and its antimicrobial action is not decreased by heating it in boiling water.
5. Clove Essential Oil
Clove essential oil is valuable for improving the immune system, so it is tremendously helpful at disappointing and relieving a sore throat. The sore throat benefits of clove oil can be qualified to its antimicrobial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and motivating properties. Chewing on a clove bud can assist a sore throat (as well as a toothache).
A study was published in Phytotherapy Research discovered that clove essential oil shows antimicrobial action alongside a large number of multi-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Its antiviral qualities and ability to cleanse blood increases conflict to a multitude of diseases, including sore throats.
6. Hyssop Essential Oil
Hyssop was used in earliest times as a purification herb for temples and other holy places. In early Greece, the physicians Galen and Hippocrates appreciated hyssop for soreness of the throat and chest, pleurisy and other bronchial problems. As it is also anti-inflammatory in nature, serving to heal the aggravated tissues in the throat.
It’s not astonishing that hyssop has an elongated history of medicinal use. The antibacterial properties of hyssop oil construct it a powerful stuff for fighting infections and killing bacteria. Whether your sore throat is viral or bacterial, hyssop is a superb alternative for a sore throat as well as lung inflammation.
7. Thyme Essential Oil
Thyme oil is one of the potent antioxidants and antimicrobials recognized, and it has been used as a therapeutic herb ever since prehistoric times. Thyme improves the immune, respiratory, digestive, nervous and other body systems. With both antioxidant and antibacterial properties, thyme oil is capable to motivate the healing of smashed tissues in the throat and lungs, as well as reduce the effect the bacterial or viral infection causing your symptoms.
A 2011 study experienced thyme oil’s reaction to 120 strains of bacteria isolated from patients with infections of oral cavity, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. The consequences of experiments found that the oil from the thyme plant had tremendously strong activity against all of the clinical strains. Thyme oil yet confirmed a good efficacy against antibiotic-resistant strains.
8. Juniper Berry Essential Oil
With a sugary, woodsy smell, juniper berry essential oil is an admired ingredient in many household clear out products, aromatherapy blends and scent sprays. In the present day, juniper berry essential oil is also usually used as one of the best natural therapies for sore throat as well as respiratory infections, tiredness, muscle aches and arthritis.
Juniper berries make use for sore throat is validated by investigation that observes juniper berry essential oil actually carries over 87 diverse active constituent compounds, including strong antioxidants, antibacterial and antifungal.
How to Use Essential Oils for Sore Throat
Essential oils can be used for a sore throat in three different ways like by inhalation, topical application or internal consumption.
Aromatherapy is the remedial use of plant-derived, fragrant essential oils to encourage physical and psychological well-being. One main method to utilize essential oils for aromatherapy is to inhale the smell or scent of an essential oil.
When the smell of an essential oil is smelled and inhaled, molecules enter the nasal cavities and motivate a firing of cerebral reaction in the limbic system of the brain, counting the instruction of stress or consoling responses such as heart rate, breathing patterns, manufacturing of hormones and blood pressure. Aromatherapy can be carried out by using essential oils as direct inhalations, in a bath, in a spray or humidifier, enthusiast, vent, smell, cologne, or through aromatherapy diffusers.
An effortless mode to frequently perform direct inhalation is to add one to two drops of an essential oil into the palms of your hands and massage them together to spread the oil. Next, cup your hands over your nose and catch 5–10 deep and sluggish breaths. You can also add two to three drops of an essential oil to a cotton ball and put it inside your pillow or in any position that will be easy to smell it.
Another outstanding way to appease a sore throat is by inhaling the mist of boiling water containing a small amount of drops of several of the essential oils which I just mentioned. Just fill a big bowl with hot water and cover a towel over your head to produce a porch and breathe in the steam. No doubt, be careful from burning yourself.
2. Oral Use
Several essential oils can be ingested by the mouth; nevertheless, it is significant to make sure that the oils you use are safe and pure. Lots of oils on the market may be thinned or mixed with synthetics that are hazardous for ingesting. The FDA has permitted a number of essential oils, generally for interior use and given them the normally recognized as safe (GRAS) title for human consumption.
By using essential oils in a rinse your mouth, you can openly have the essential oils come into make contact with with the awkward area. Just add one to two drops of essential oil to half a glass of gently warm water and gargle for a minute or two. Do not consume the mixture after gargling.
A secure and effective method to use essential oils according to The Healing Intelligence of Essential Oils: The Science of Advanced Aromatherapy is to add one drop of oil to a glass of water or in a teaspoon of honey. Further oral application options comprise using capsules, making a tea, and cooking with essential oils.
3. Topical Application
Topical application of an essential oil comprises by insertion of an essential oil on the skin, hair, mouth, teeth, nails or mucous membranes of the body. As the oils touch the body, they go through rapidly.
Because pure essential oils are so powerful, it’s significant to dilute them before using them on your body. You can weaken an essential oil by combination it with carrier oil (such as olive, jojoba, sweet almond, or coconut oil) or a natural odorless lotion. Add 5–10 drops of essential oil to two tablespoons of carrier oil or natural fragrance-free lotion. You can then apply the mixed oil or lotion directly to a region of the body that will help the throat like the neck, chest, behind the ears, or bottoms of the feet.
Recipes for Using Essential Oils for Sore Throat
Easy, Anti Sore Throat Steam Inhalation
You have to need following ingredients to make this blended oil.
- 3 drops clove essential oil
- 3 drops juniper berry essential oil
- large bowl of boiling hot water
- Let’s begin by adding the clove and juniper berry oils to a large bowl of boiled water.
- Wrap a towel over your head to construct a tent over and around the bowl.
- Calm down and breathe in the aromatic steam for 5 minutes. No doubt, you should be careful not to burn yourself.
You can also add 3 drops of lemon oil and 1 drop of eucalyptus oil to your water, gargle for 10 seconds and then drink.
Risks of Essential Oils for Sore Throat
You should be making sure that you are using therapeutic evaluation essential oils for sore throat pain. Inhaled or topical use of essential oils is normally safer than oral use. Not at all ingest any essential oils or apply unmixed essential oils to the skin without appropriate training or medical command. It is dangerous to recognize how best to use essential oils.
Always discuss with a specialist and carry out a patch test before taking place with care as essential oils may respond in a different way for dissimilar individuals. Infants, children, pregnant women, seniors and people with harsh illnesses should not use essential oils inside excluding under the supervision of a physician. If pregnant, confirm with a professional before using essential oils externally on your body as well.
If your sore throat is harsh or lasts longer than one week, look for medical attention.


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Area under expiratory flow–volume curve
AEX approximated based on k flows
American Thoracic Society
Body Mass Index
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Diffusing lung capacity for CO
European respiratory society
Forced expiratory flow at xy% of FVC
Forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC
Forced expiratory volume in 1 s
Forced expiratory time
FET at PEF
Forced expiratory volume at PEF
Forced expiratory volume at k second of expiration
Forced inspiratory volume in 1 s
Forced inspiratory vital capacity
Functional residual capacity
Forced vital capacity
Global lung initiative
Honestly significant difference
Lower limit of normal
Peak expiratory flow
Pulmonary function testing
Total lung capacity
Square root transformation (^0.5)
Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) relies mainly on comparing measured flows and volumes with predicted reference intervals derived on healthy subjects from similar populations [
3]. In spirometry, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
1/FVC ratio, and several isovolumic flows represent the main measurements used for defining respiratory impairment. Additionally, testing before and after inhaled bronchodilator (BD) administration has been widely used, especially for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), various overlap syndromes, and in other conditions. Various definitions of bronchodilator responsiveness have been proposed, reflecting the complexity of defining reversibility of airflow obstruction [
11]. The 2005 joint ATS/ERS guidelines defined a significant BD response as an absolute 200 mL and a 12% change in either FEV
1 or FVC [
12]. Recently, Hansen et al. [
13] suggested re-defining BD reactivity by using only FEV
1 or percent changes, and by differentiating between negative, minimal, mild, moderate and marked responses by using the following thresholds: ≤ 0 mL/≤ 0%, ≤ 90 mL/≤ 9%, ≤ 160 mL/≤ 16%, ≤ 260 mL/≤ 26%, and > 260 mL/> 26%, respectively. Their study also correlated the new BD response categories with radiological measurements, exercise performance, dyspnea, obstructive lung disease exacerbation frequency and quality of life scores [
In previous publications we examined the use of a spirometric parameter, area under expiratory flow–volume curve (AEX) as an alternative metric for diagnosing and stratifying functional impairment [
16]. Using this measurement also promises to lessen dependency on body plethysmography or other methods employed as the gold standard for functional assessment, which is costly, elaborate and impractical in either point-of-care setting or in large epidemiological studies. The AEX (expressed in L
−1) is the integral function of the variable flow by volume exhaled during a forced respiratory maneuver. While AEX can be easily computed by any modern digital spirometry acquisition system, it is currently offered by only a minority of PFT platform developers. In this context, our earlier studies assessed the utility of several AEX approximations derived from FVC and available instantaneous flows measurements (AEX
3 and AEX
17]. Deriving approximated values of the area under the flow–volume loop from widely available spirometric parameters, both before and after BD administration, may mitigate the impact of AEX unavailability in some PFT programs, thereby extending the applicability of this novel measurement.
The current study assesses the pre- to post-BD variability of these AEX approximations, and correlates the association between these measurements and new, emerging, BD response criteria and categories.
The working database included 13,954 consecutive tests performed on distinct adult subjects in the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center PFT Laboratory between January 1st, 2009 and December 31st, 2015. The analyses were performed on a sub-group of subjects who underwent same-day, valid, and ATS/ERS quality-acceptable pre- and post-BD spirometry (
n = 4330). The largest values among all pre- and post-BD trials have been selected.
Respiratory function assessments were performed in accord with the current ATS/ERS standards and recommendations [
19]. Functional measurements were acquired using a Jaeger MasterLabPro system (Wurzberg, Germany), and the most recent and comprehensive reference values, the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) equations sets, were used for spirometry interpretation [
20]. Per ATS/ERS recommendations [
12], an obstructive ventilatory defect was defined as FEV
1/FVC ratio below the lower limit of normal (LLN) and a normal FVC. Restriction was diagnosed when the following three criteria were satisfied: normal FEV
1/FVC ratio, FVC < FVC
LLN, and Total Lung Capacity (TLC) < TLC
LLN. If all three FEV
1/FVC ratio, FVC and TLC were below their LLNs
, then a diagnosis of mixed ventilatory defect was established. In these analyses, small airways disease was not included as a distinct category. Lung volume and DLCO reference values were those of Crapo et al. [
As detailed elsewhere [
17], we defined four spirometric parameters, AEX
1 through AEX
4, which were calculated as the sums of the areas of triangles and trapezoids delineated by pre-specified volumes and the respective isovolumic flows. For example, AEX
4 was constructed from FVC and the following four flows: PEF, FEF
50 and FEF
75, per the following formula [
For clarity, we limit the data presented in this article to AEX
4, although the analyses pertaining to AEX
2 and AEX
3 showed similar results, albeit with smaller coefficients of variation (mainly due to lower intrinsic variability of PEF, FEF
25 and FEF
Descriptive analyses of the available variables were performed. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies or percentages. Continuous variables were described as means ± standard deviation (SD, for normally distributed variables) or as medians and 25th–75th interquartile ranges (IQR, for non-normal distributions). Student’s t test and analysis of variance were used to compare mean values, while categorical variables were compared using χ
2 (likelihood ratio) test. The Tukey–Kramer HSD method was used to compare means among pairs when the variances were similar, while Wilcoxon or Kruskal–Wallis rank sum tests were performed as non-parametric methods when variances were unequal, as appropriate.
Statistical significance was defined a priori as
p < 0.001. Analyses were performed using JMP Pro 15 statistical software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
Institutional research approvals were obtained to conduct the study (Cleveland Clinic IRB EX#0504/EX#19-1129 and Emory University IRB 00049576).
During the inclusion period, 4330 subjects underwent same-day, acceptable pre- and post-BD spirometry testing. Racial profiles were similar to the larger database of all subjects tested in the PFT Laboratory: 2183 (51%) were self-identified as Black or African American; 2044 (48%) were White or Caucasian; < 2% were Hispanic or Latino. Eleven per cent (
n = 494) were women and 89% (
n = 3836) were men. Age characteristics were also similar to the base cohort: 59 ± 12 [mean ± SD] and 60 (51–66) [median (IQR)] years. Median (IQR) height, weight and body mass index or BMI were 1.78 (1.73–1.83) m, 91 (79–107) kg, and 29 (25–33) kg/m
2, respectively. Based on the standard diagnostic criteria, 30%, 57%, 9% and 5% were diagnosed with normal pattern, obstruction, restriction or mixed ventilatory defect, respectively.
During the test day and before albuterol administration, 77% of the subjects had additional lung volume determinations by body plethysmography, 7% by the helium dilution method and approximately 83% underwent DLCO measurements. Pre-BD TLC, Inspiratory Capacity (IC), IC/TLC, and DLCO are shown in Table
1. Approximately 9% of the subjects had a baseline IC/TLC less than 0.25.
Functional measurements before and after bronchodilator (BD) in the test sub-group (
n = 4330)
Mean % change
TLC—mean ± SD (L), % predicted
6.4 ± 2.1, 94.2%
IC—mean ± SD (L), % predicted
2.5 ± 0.7, 68.0%
IC/TLC—mean ± SD, % predicted
0.40 ± 0.12, 68.4%
DLCO—mean ± SD (mL/min/mmHg), % predicted
17.4 ± 6.6, 64.5%
− 0.078 to − 0.010
− 0.396 to − 0.232
0.006 to 0.011
0.086 to 0.120
0.017 to 0.061
0.093 to 0.108
0.123 to 0.138
0.131 to 0.146
0.136 to 0.151
0.128 to 0.144
0.101 to 0.119
0.0167 to 0.0198
0.012 to 0.014
25 (L s
0.146 to 0.221
50 (L s
0.286 to 0.335
75 (L s
0.130 to 0.150
25-75 (L s
0.238 to 0.268
0.167 to 0.320
0.652 to 0.789
0.435 to 0.558
0.697 to 0.823
1 (L min
0.025 to 0.047
2 (L min
0.102 to 0.122
3 (L min
0.072 to 0.091
4 (L min
0.034 to 0.040
Using the standard ATS/ERS bronchoresponsiveness criteria (i.e., 12% and 200 ml in FEV
1 or FVC), 24% of the tested subjects had a positive response. Using the new BD response categories proposed by Hansen et al. [
13], only 23% of subjects had a negative response; 45% had minimal, 18% mild, 9% moderate and 5% had a marked BD response. Figure
1 shows the mosaic plot of the newer vs. the standard BD response categories.
Notably, 3.1% of the subjects categorized as having a significant BD response by standard criteria were re-classified as a negative BD response by the new definitions. Alternatively, only 29.5% of those considered by standard criteria to be without a significant BD response maintained a negative BD response by the new categorization.
1 shows the main spirometric parameters of the test set before (pre-BD) and after 2 puffs (400 mcg) of inhaled albuterol (post-BD). The largest pre- vs post-BD variability was noted in the isovolumic flows FEF
75 and FEF
25–75, i.e., 10.8%, 20.0%, 29.8% and 20.4%, respectively. Despite the fact that AEX
3 and AEX
4 are computed based on the above flows, their percent pre- to post-BD changes were small overall (< 6%, Table
1). Mean sqrt AEX
4% change was higher in Whites vs Blacks (4.6% vs 2.9%,
p < 0.0001) and in men vs women (3.9% vs 2.4%,
p = 0.0091). Weight, height, BMI, body surface area and age were not significant covariates. Interestingly, mean sqrt AEX
4% change was 0.1%, 0.2%, 5.2%, 5.7% and 27.8% in restriction, normal pattern, mixed ventilatory defects, obstruction and small airway disease, respectively.
Mean percent change of the sqrt AEX
4 was 0.3% and 14.3% in the negative and positive standard BD response groups, respectively (Fig.
2). In the new BD response categories of negative, minimal, mild, moderate and marked, mean % change of sqrt AEX
4 was − 8.2, 2.9, 9.2, 15.0 and 24.8%, respectively (Fig.
Given that FEV
1 absolute and % changes tend to move in opposite direction, especially at extremes, we also analyzed the performance of sqrt AEX
4% and absolute changes versus baseline (pre-BD) sqrt AEX
4 values (Fig.
4). As noted, despite a descending trend towards higher baseline AEX
4 (on X axis), the dependency was much lower than for the traditional measurements such as FEV
1 and FVC.
To explain the significance of the sqrt AEX (or sqrt AEX
4), we illustrate in Fig.
5 the AEX-equivalent area square, which introduces two novel physiological concepts: equivalent Flow (
Fequiv) and Volume (
, i.e., the flow and volume that have the following scalar relationship: Sqrt AEX =
Vequiv is highly correlated with FEV
0.5 (linear fit
R2 = 0.98), FEV
R2 = 0.96) and FEV
R2 = 0.89), perhaps a reflection of the fact that this portion of the flow–volume curve is generated during the first second of the forced exhalation, and that FEV
1 and FEV
0.5 are in close proximity, overriding the
The main findings in this analysis are that the pre- to post-BD variability of AEX
4 (and by extension that of AEX) is low overall, i.e., less than 6% on average, and that this novel measurement, AEX
4, stratifies well between newly proposed categories of BD response (differentiating between negative, minimal, mild, moderate and marked responses by using FEV
or percent changes by the following thresholds: ≤ 0 mL/≤ 0%, ≤ 90 mL/≤ 9%, ≤ 160 mL/≤ 16%, ≤ 260 mL/≤ 26%, and ≥ 260 mL/≥ 26%, respectively). These observations suggest that AEX
4 (AEX) is a useful measure for stratifying dysfunction in obstructive lung disease, and invite further analysis of AEX for evaluating clinical status and indications for using bronchodilator agents or disease-modifying, anti-inflammatory therapies.
The 2005 ATS/ERS guidelines define a significant BD response as an absolute 200 mL and a 12% change in either FEV
1 or FVC [
12]. However, establishing the ideal definition of a significant BD response is not an easy task and not without significant limitations [
24]. This is likely due to several factors: (1) BD responsiveness in its current form is a conservative dichotomous nominal parameter that does not capture very well clinically relevant reversibility of thoracic overdistension, air hyperinflation or gas trapping [
25], (2) Conventional criteria fail to unequivocally differentiate between disease categories such as asthma and COPD [
26], (3) BD non-responsiveness is likely not an optimal, defining criterion for Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome [
27], (4) Standard BD response criteria may constitute too blunt or too insensitive a tool, especially for extreme lung function values [
10], and (5) A standard ATS/ERS BD response does not correlate well with clinical response to bronchodilators, disease control or traditional functional assessments [
The recent reassessment of BD responsiveness criteria and the proposal of BD response strata by Hansen et al. was correlated with radiologic measurements, exercise performance, dyspnea scores, obstructive lung disease exacerbation frequency, and quality of life [
13]. While the observations and definitions proposed by these authors are yet to be validated in other populations and assessed against patient centric, relevant outcomes, they likely represent a significant practical advance for clinicians, e.g., in helping guide use of bronchodilator agents, etc.
In the current point-of-care PFT data set, we found that 24% of the subjects tested demonstrated a standard BD response by either FEV
1 or FVC criteria. Notably, this prevalence may be overestimated in that post-BD testing was only performed when the clinician suspected obstruction or airflow limitation, and ordered pre- and post-BD spirometry. Perhaps not unexpectedly, given the reliance on only FEV
1 and the less stringent criteria (OR vs. AND operator) when using the new BD response criteria, only 23% of the group had a negative response (absolute or % change of ≤ 0 mL or 0%, respectively). The term ‘negative’ BD response may be a misnomer, as it does not exclude altogether the presence of airflow limitation: a global FEV
1 decrement after albuterol administration may be due to a larger closing volume in certain areas of the lungs despite an increase in ventilation due to bronchodilatation in others, or due to progressive hyperinflation and gas trapping induced by repeated forced exhalation maneuvers. As such, this specific category may require further testing for identifying specific propensities to dynamically obstruct airflow. While the largest proportion of patients with a BD response was in the minimal category (45%), only 3.4% of them had a conventional BD response, which may get us closer to what the ‘reference’ group should be. Further, 45.5% of the tests deemed to have a mild BD response by the new criteria were found to have conventional positive BD reversibility. Clearly, these associations between conventional and novel BD responsiveness criteria must be re-assessed in independent, hypothesis-testing populations.
When juxtaposing the FEV
1 vs AEX
4 reversibility to inhaled BD, the topic of airway-parenchymal interaction becomes highly relevant, as lung volumes and degrees of hyperinflation influence not only the airway resistance, but also the bronchial responsiveness to bronchodilator or bronchoconstrictive agents [
34]. As such, the use of only one parameter (e.g., FEV
1 or airway resistance) in defining BD response has one inherent limitation, i.e., that the influence of FVC or other lung volumes is not taken into consideration. Indeed, bronchial responsiveness is highly influenced by the size of the end-expiratory lung volume, TLC, FRC or FVC [
34]. While Hansen et al. [
13] do propose to resort to only one parameter, this drawback is possibly minimized by a multi-layered approach, which may permit better endo-phenotypic characterizations. In our case, the AEX as a physiological measurement does not overlook the effects of lung volumes, as it is influenced by both FVC size and by any flow–volume curve ‘scooping’ or ‘shrinking’. This may in fact explain its low pre- to post-BD variability in comparison to that of FEF
50 or other ‘distal’ flows.
In previous work, we showed that square root (sqrt) AEX compared favorably with traditional PFT measurements for diagnosis and severity characterization of respiratory impairment. The sqrt AEX correlated also well with several lung volumes and capacities that characterize the degree of airway hyperinflation such as IC, IC/TLC and Residual Volume/TLC ratios. Further, several other evaluations of AEX and related concepts have been published before, mostly in children or in assessment of bronchoprovocation responses, and suggested that area under the flow–volume curve or similar constructs may be useful in special populations [
39]. Due to these relationships, we posit that sqrt AEX offers the promise to become a good predictor of clinical symptoms and to lessen the need for complex lung volume testing [
15]. We are currently investigating intrinsic variation of various AEX parameters (inter-trial variance, both pre-and post-bronchodilator use), as well its utility in various spirometric patterns and conditions, for example the use of AEX variability in small airway disease.
The strengths of this study are: (1) the large size of the PFT data set, which represents a broad population, with a wide range of diseases; (2) the use of lung volume testing by other methods such as body plethysmography, helium dilution and DLCO in a large proportion of subjects tested, which allows establishing the ‘ground truth’, and (3) introduction of a global spirometric measurement, which incorporates effects of both airway resistance (flows) and volumes (FVC).
At the same time, several limitations of the study warrant discussion, including that: (1) all data come from a single center, with significant under-representation of women, potentially limiting generalizability, (2) lung volume and BD testing was performed at clinicians’ discretion, reflecting a potential clinical bias, and (3) details were lacking regarding participants’ underlying diagnoses and symptoms, the indication for pulmonary function testing, smoking status, and long-term outcomes, thereby limiting understanding of the clinical correlates of these findings.
This study analyzed the variability of an approximated Area under the Expiratory flow–volume curve (AEX
4) based on flows at peak expiration (PEF) and at predetermined volumes (FEF
50 and FEF
75) for characterizing airway responsiveness, and using a newly proposed framework of bronchodilator responsiveness. As a functional parameter, AEX
4 performs well as a surrogate marker of AEX, offering promise to help stratifying airway response patterns to inhaled bronchodilator agents and to better define clinical phenotypes and lung disease endotypes. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship of AEX
4 to clinical symptoms, therapeutic impact and other patient centric outcomes, as well as best discriminating strata of AEX
Compliance with Ethical Standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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domain: literature


text:
Children in relative adoptions and foster care experience better outcomes than do children placed in non-kinship foster care. (1) These outcomes include greater placement stability, fewer school changes, higher levels of permanency, and better behavioral and mental health outcomes. While the existing research on relative guardianship has limitations, guardianship remans a crucial permanency option. In fact, many state and county child welfare agencies are building on federal law to help children achieve legal permanency through guardianship with relatives and fictive kin. To better understand state policies guiding guardianship, this article presents trends in state statutes and administrative codes for guardianship across all 50 states. Figure 1 provides an overview of the diversity of guardianship programs in the United States.
In the summer of 2016, we analyzed legislation pertaining to guardianship assistance along with the federal Title IV-E Guardian Assistance Program (GAP). In addition, we conducted a survey of state experts in guardianship (or child welfare administrators in the states without a guardianship program), later that year. This study, developed in collaboration with the Chapin Hall Center for Children, was guided by a desire to clearly understand how states are, or are not, supporting guardianship placements in the law and in practice.
We found that states fund their guardianship assistance programs with state or TANF dollars, and they fund federal GAP programs with Title IV-E funds. States may choose to draw down Title IV-E funds to subsidize state guardianship payments in which children and their adult guardians meet Title IV-E qualifications. They may also use additional state funds to subsidize guardianship cases in which the child or the adult guardian does not meet federal qualifications for the Title IV-E GAP program (see Figure 2).
As of September 2017, 36 states and the District of Columbia, as well as eight Indian tribes, had approved GAP plans. However, challenges remain: six states with approved GAP plans reported no GAP caseload in FY 2016. Three of these states (Arkansas, Oklahoma, and West Virginia) have program effective dates of 2013 or earlier but have not placed any children into subsidized guardianships. The remaining three states (Nevada, New Mexico, and North Carolina) have recent program effective dates and are expected to begin showing GAP caseloads in FY 2017. (2)
States choosing to draw down...

domain: sociology


text:
"Ah music...a magic beyond all we do here."
Hello, I'm Rosie.
I'm a singer, composer and coach based in North Yorkshire, England.
Wherever you are in the world, I'm here to help you and your family feel good with music.
I help people of all ages have fun learning to sing and play the piano.
I write unique music for special days and special people.
Conducting the Northern Heartlands Choir, at The Witham, Barnard Castle
"If we did all the things we are capable of, we would astound ourselves."
You're never too young, or too old or too terrible to love making music! Everyone can enjoy the many physical & mental health benefits it brings.
You can enjoy relaxed, informal coaching in welcoming locations in County Durham and North Yorkshire, or online.
Some of my younger students taking a bow to a big round of applause after their first performance at TCR Hub in Barnard Castle. They rock!
Singing with Soul
"Live music helps us to make amazing memories that last a lifetime."
I'm delighted to be back out singing for you again! I love what I do, and it shines though to everyone who sees and hears me.
I'm a classically trained mezzo soprano singer, with a wide repertoire that's fabulous for weddings, parties and other special occasions. I love:
Old school pop and soul
Spanish and Latin music
Just let me know what music you love, & I'll help you make your event sing!
Singing in Spanish with my good friend José at The Bowes Museum
Music just for You
Imagine walking down the aisle, or taking to the dance floor with your loved ones to some beautiful music made just for you.
I can write a song or piece of music for you to keep forever, and perform or record it for you and your loved ones.
Just let me know what you want to say, and I'll write some music that helps you say it beautifully.
I wrote this song 'Love and Joy' to celebrate a beautiful wedding.
Music Gift Vouchers
Looking for a gift for someone special that will really make them smile?
Choose from a music lesson or lessons, a choir season ticket, a concert, a singing party, or even a song written just for them.
They're easy to buy, thoughtful and unique- so why not give a sustainable gift that keeps on giving long after it's been opened?
Just tell me about them, and I'll help you choose something they'll love.
The Sing Happy Club
I want to help everyone feel great about their voice. If you want to receive free insights and tips to help you feel good about yours, you can join me here!
And for more musical fun, events (& occasional dog photos!) come and connect with me over on social media.

domain: artistic


AMA: Take Advantage of the Latest Accessories
AllAboutBikes.com Staff Writer
Mathew Mladin, an Australian motorcycle racer, has risen to prominence in the AMA Superbike competitions for his work with Team Suzuki, helping to bring home an unprecedented string of victories in the AMA Superbike Championships. Mladin has won the Daytona 200 three times, in 2000, 2001, and 2004, as well as having made multiple wild card appearances in Superbike World Championship races.
Intensely private, Mladin prefers to leave it all on the racetrack and avoid the media. In 1998, Mladin said, “I don't enjoy all the press side of things at all, I enjoy my racing and I enjoy winning like nothing else.” He maintains a friendly competitive relationship with fellow racer Ben Spies. Spies and Mladin race together on Team Suzuki, and for the past three years Spies has beaten Mladin out for the first place spot in the AMA Superbike championships, and the rivalry is palpable.


text:
A fun and playful moment in the Feline Flare Day Dress! This adorable dress features a round neckline and short sleeve cut, that falls into a babydoll silhouette, with the perfect addition of side seam pockets, decorated in a bold animal print.
Stretchy + Unlined
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True to size, Relaxed fit throughout
*Measurements listed below are of the actual clothing item* S: Chest 38" Length 35" M: Chest 40" Length 35" L: Chest 42" Length 36" 1XL: Chest 46" Length 36" 2XL: Chest 48" Length 37" 3XL: Chest 50" Length 37"
Model Yuyu is wearing a size S Model Morgan is wearing a size 2XL
Solid Gold Hoops
Gold And Tortoise Chunky Chain Necklace
Triple Layer Chain Necklace
Getaway Drop Earrings In White
Wander Often Slides In Brown
Abby Blazer In Peach
Take The Train Denim Jacket
Keywords: Babydoll, Animal Print, Mini Dress
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domain: design


Heritage Wave is a super soft yet durable yarn that is machine washable and dryable because of its blend of superwash merino wool and nylon.
Please Note: Every digital screen is calibrated differently. Slight variations in tone and saturation will vary from screen to screen. The actual color of your item may vary slightly from what you see on your screen.
Please make sure you order enough for your project as dye lots can vary between batch.


Culinary Carnival – the celebration of our City’s international flavours and cuisines – is back to tantalise your tastebuds on Saturday, 29 May.
This year’s event will be different than previous years to ensure the health and wellbeing of all visitors. Instead of one centralised location, the festival will be spread throughout the Fairfield City Centre, encouraging visitors to explore the array of cuisines on offer and support local businesses.
The main hub of activity will be a food tasting extravaganza, with FREE sample dishes provided by participating restaurants and food vendors in the city centre from 11am-2pm or until stocks last. From there, visitors are encouraged to explore nearby streets and visit the businesses to satisfy their appetites, enjoy the roaming street performances, check out the kids cooking workshops and enjoy free family activities in Epoch and Thomas Ware Plazas.
Kids will be taught to make tabouli, tortilla, and dessert fruit donuts at the FREE kids cooking workshops. Kids will pick fresh ingredients from the garden and be shown how to prepare the ingredients for a tasty meal or snack. Registration to the workshops is required – visit Fairfield City Council web page for updates on registrations closer to the date.
Fairfield City Mayor Frank Carbone said Fairfield City Centre is famous for its rich variety of flavours from around the world.
“Everywhere you turn in Fairfield City Centre, you can find an exciting meal or delicious snack to enjoy,” Mayor Carbone said.
“More than 107,000 people currently living in Fairfield City were born overseas, with residents hailing from more than 104 different nations. We are privileged that so many brought with them the authentic tastes and flavours to share with our City.
“As one of the most multicultural cities in Australia, I look forward to celebrating our rich heritage with each other and all of Sydney.
“I encourage everyone to come down and discover a whole world of flavours available from restaurants and businesses in Fairfield City Centre on Saturday, 29 May.”
Follow us on Facebook or visit http://www.fairfieldcity.nsw.gov.au/culinarycarnival for updates and details.
When: Saturday, 29 May 2021, 11am-3pm
Where: Fairfield City Centre Details: http://www.fairfieldcity.nsw.gov.au/culinarycarnival


text:
Dear brothers and sisters, there is no doubt everyone will go through difficulties and obstacles in their lives, and everyone would have their own method of trying to resolve the issue, some using their senses while others using superstition, and none of this will help when its mostly needed
However, the weapon that we as Muslims, have been given by Allah SWT, is a spiritual weapon, the Duaa or Supplication as it’s called, and being truthful with ourselves when asking Him for his help.
The dua is a successful weapon that no one can take away from you, and have been told to use it often as Allah SWT loves those who ask of Him.
The imam referenced Sura Al-Ghafir ayat 60 regarding today’s point. It is translated to say:
And your Lord says, “Call upon Me; I will respond to you.” Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell [rendered] contemptible.
And Sura Baqarah, ayat 186 which is translated to say:
And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me – indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided.
Dear brothers and sisters, there is nothing more noble to Allah SWT than supplication. This is advice given to us by the Prophet SAWS and so we ought to make the most of this in our interaction with our Lord.
And alongside that we have been taught that there are times in our lives where the supplication is more potent than others. Some of these were mentioned in the reminder such as during the last third of the night, during the rainfall, when in prostration in prayer to name just a few.
We also need to address the point that is sometimes made of Divine Decree. Some might say that our lives are already pre-planned and that there is little point in supplication for change as the future is already written. This is not the case and this belief is a misconception.
The imam mentioned the following hadith in relation to this point in which the Prophet SAWS said:
Nothing extends one’s life span but righteousness, nothing averts the Divine Decree but supplication, and nothing deprives a man of provision but the sin that he commits.
Dear brothers and sisters, we need to understand that we have a key to success at our disposal and that we are ultimately in control of our own destiny by the power of supplication to Allah SWT.
However, we also need to know that with everything in our deen, there is a method and an etiquette to asking of our Lord and that is the conclusion of today’s reminder.
What concludes then are steps we ought to take to ensure that we supplicate to Allah SWT in the correct manner.
- We start with a pure intention, by this we aim to ask for good and not bad towards ourselves or anyone else.
- We begin through humility, we face the Qibla, raise our hands and ask of Allah SWT with full conviction and belief that only He is the one who can answer our supplications.
- We begin by thanking Allah SWT and for sending salaam upon the Prophet SAWS. There is no more beautiful way than by being grateful for what we have before asking Allah SWT for more.
- We ask Allah SWT for forgiveness for our shortcomings when asking Him for help and assistance. This only makes sense as we must show we are worthy of what we are asking Him for.
- We be specific in the duas we ask, not generic duas, speak in the language we are comfortable with and invoke Allah SWT through his 99 names if we know them, in context of what we are asking such as Al-Razzaq for prosperity.
Dear brothers and sisters, this is the manner in which we ought to be seeking help from our Lord. It needs to be given time, attention, care and consideration. After all, this is the direct communication we are having with Allah SWT.
Ask yourself, next time you are doing a supplication. Are you simply running through the motions of doing the act of supplication or are you really feeling like you are stood, as a humble slave, in front of Allah SWT and asking him for His help? This is the level we need to reach if we are to perform this act to the best of our ability.
Alongside that, the act of supplication ought to be backed up by our actions outside of it. Things such as doing good deeds, repeating the supplication often, asking for others as well as for yourself, doing extra acts of worship, acquiring a halal income. All these things have an effect on how our supplications are answered by Allah SWT.
Lastly, we need to be mindful of the fact that our duas are answered. They are answered in one of two ways:
Yes, but not yet. This is then an act of practicing patience and trusting in Allah SWT.
Or no, but something better will be given instead. This is then an act of humility and knowing Allah SWT knows what is better for us than we know ourselves.
We know this because as the imam reminded us, the Prophet SAWS said:
“The supplication of every one of you will be granted if he does not get impatient and say (for example): ‘I supplicated my Rubb but my prayer has not been granted’.”
Dear brothers and sisters, supplication is the biggest blessing we have in this life. Lets perfect its method so that we can take full advantage of it as well as pleasing Allah SWT in being grateful and reliant slaves of His.


text:
Arrest: Assault and Battery
The following information was provided by the Natick Police Department. Charges do not indicate a conviction.
1:16 p.m.: Officers received a report of a past assault and battery on Sheridan Street involving a caller's daughter and former boyfriend.
Police arrested Shawn Marcoux, 22, from 10 Starr Ave. in Woonsocket RI and charged him with assault and battery.
Officers advised the caller to file a restraining order.

domain: news


text:
“So much has changed in the last 50 years” said His Holiness, the political and spiritual leader of the Tibetan people, “ China is no longer run by genuine communists, but by capitalist communists, and this is bringing more big change to the region.” His Holiness expressed hope that these changes would lead to his being allowed to return to his birthplace.
Despite wanting to return to Lhasa, and feeling occasional homesickness for Potala Palace, His Holiness said he felt happy with the freedom he felt in India. He remarked that “as a Buddhist monk, this (India) is actually my original home… and I describe myself as a son of India.”
When asked his opinion about the spread of Buddhism among young people around the world, His Holiness remarked that he “does not intend to propagate the Buddhist religion” citing a “strong conviction that different people with different beliefs should keep their own religions.” Buddhist concepts, however, can help people worldwide appreciate the value of different religions. By hearing the message of interdependence, we understand that “one’s happy life depends on other’s well-being and humanity’s well-being depends on the environment and this leads us to respect all forms of life to develop a broader more holistic view of the world.”
When asked about the Chinese response to his meeting with President Barack Obama, his Holiness joked that it made sense for the Chinese to discourage world leaders from meeting with the man they view as “not only a separatist, but also a demon.” Despite this unfavorable labeling, His Holiness concluded the interview by encouraging Tibetans to maintain their “determination and their optimism”. He said that if India, China and Tibetans continue to communicate, they will certainly “find a good solution.”

domain: politics


Next week the Business Beyond Borders (BBB) initiative will host another flagship event. This time, we’ll be in Iran to foster matchmaking sessions at the AMB Iran 2018 trade fair. AMB Iran is the leading international fair for the metalworking and machine tools sector – a “Made in Germany” quality product from Messe Stuttgart and the Association of German Machine Tools Manufacturers (VDW). Last year’s edition welcomed an unexpected number of exhibitors and visitors, who attended the fair to check the newest developments in the industry and strike new business deals. There is still time to register for the fair and the BBB matchmaking event.
Ahead of the BBB matchmaking sessions at AMB Iran 2018 fair, we bring you some of the most interesting and useful trends which are changing and shaping the metalworking industry worldwide:
Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things
Constant innovation processes of the Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT) will increasingly influence the machine tools. The smaller versions of sensors designed nowadays are much easier to install on all sorts of machines and appliances. This will allow the sensor to emit real-time feedback to the machine control centre in case of the problems, and alert engineers on adjustments needing to be made.
Data Analytics
As for most of the other industries, Big Data is an up-and-coming essential trend for the metalworking manufacturing sector that will help to transform and make production more efficient. One of the threats that machine tools factories face is the unscheduled downtime of the equipment, and Big Data can help optimise the running of the machines.
Additive Manufacturing
3-D printing is revolutionising design and manufacturing process. It allows a faster and more efficient production of metal tools in bigger volumes, thus decreasing overall production costs.
Augmented Reality
The possibilities for AR usage application within the manufacturing and metalworking sector are endless. It can be implemented within operations, maintenance, safety management, design and prototyping, training and quality control. For instance, AR can transform manufacturing operations procedures through the visualisation and simplification of step-by-step installation processes, assembly and machine tools change.
As shown by the trends above, there is a big focus on the digitisation of the metalworking industry. Digitisation will lead to better, faster and more precise production process while reducing costs and providing greater value to the customers along the supply chain.
Don’t forget to register for the next Business Beyond Borders matchmaking event for SMEs and Clusters at AMB Iran 2018: http://amb-iran2018.talkb2b.net/
|||A. Rooks, “The Future of the Metalworking Industry,” Advanced Manufacturing, 2 May 2017. [Online]. Available: https://advancedmanufacturing.org/future-metalworking-industry/.|
|||Asia Pacific Metalworking Equipment News, “Top 4 Industry 4.0 Trends In Manufacturing,” Asia Pacific Metalworking Equipment News, 1 September 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.equipment-news.com/top-4-industry-4-0-trends-in-manufacturing/.|


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For isometric exercise.


text:
A potpourri of sounds this Sunday as our music ensembles take leave for the summer.
Staff singer and soprano Blair Carpenter shares two spirituals, "Deep River" and "Ride On, King Jesus!" arranged by H.T. Burleigh and Hall Johnson, respectively. Both men were contemporaries and instrumental in combining the American spiritual to art music. The Chancel Choir offers Mark Miller's "God Has Work for Us to Do" at the 11:00 a.m. service. The modern and edgy text by Carl Daw speaks to the injustices of our world and calls us all to be the instrument of God to undo them. Mark Miller's setting is reminiscent of musical theater and evokes a hopeful and poignant backdrop to this amazing text. To close the morning services, I offer an exciting setting of our Doxology tune, "Lasst uns erfeuen" by my Cincinnati College-Conservatory former colleague, Brenda Portman. She currently is an organ professor at Xavier University and Resident Organist at Hyde Park Community United Methodist Church, both in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Each week, Director of Music Mark Heiskanen writes a Music Minute previewing the upcoming Sunday's musical offerings and occasionally opines on other music-related topics.
We are blessed by an engaging music program at Plymouth!
Mark Heiskanen has been Plymouth's Director of Music since September 2017. Originally from Northeast Ohio, Mark has experience and great interest in a diverse range of musical styles including jazz, rock, musical theatre, and gospel. He is thrilled to serve a congregation and staff that values diversity and inclusion in all facets of life.


text:
- This event has passed.
Town Hall South: Rikki Klieman
November 1, 2016 at 10:10 AM - 11:10 AMMEMBERSHIP ONLY
Legal analyst and trial attorney Rikki Klieman, was named one of the five most outstanding women lawyers in the country by TIME magazine. She is currently a contributor and legal analyst for CBS News.
Klieman was an anchor at the Courtroom Television network from 1994-2010 and has appeared as a legal analyst on NBC’s Nightly News, CBS Evening News, ABC, CNN, CNBC and MSNBC. She has been interviewed on radio and television programs about various aspects of criminal and civil law and procedure, including, among others, “60 Minutes”, “20-20”, “ The McLaughlin Group” and “Nightline Special Report”.
Klieman was a member of the Adjunct Faculty at Columbia Law School and an Adjunct Professor at Boston University.

domain: law


text:
I have stayed in this hotel for 2 days and my experience here is far better than the hotels we have among all crowded hill stations. All the market areas are at walking distance from the Hotel. …
Tourist Attractions in Lachung
Lachung is a mountain village close to the Tibetan border, in the northeastern Indian state of Sikkim. It's divided by the Lachung River. The village is home to the 19th-century Buddhist Lachung Monastery, surrounded by apple orchards. Nearby, the Yumthang Valley's Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary protects many species of rhododendron. The valley is also known for its waterfalls, pine forests and hot springs.
We really enjoyed our stay at Hotel Golden Dolma. Rooms & washrooms were clean. Food is very tasty there specially vegetarian dishes. …
A must visit hotel when in Lachung. Ammmmmazinggggg view, great room and great room service. Staf 5****
Excellent place...very near to Mall road n shopping.Very clean rooms,good service n staff is very helpful and accomadative.Food was very tasty. Overall a great place to stay... Would definitely recommend this place

domain: geography


text:
Oh Christmas Tree Aqua Panel 24"x 44/45"
$9.00 / each
7 Panels in stock
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Escape into the enchanted Oh, Christmas Tree collection filled with festive folk art. Inspiring watercolor drawings of magical evergreens and pines, endearing ornaments and wreaths, celestial swirling snowflakes, overflowing stocking of nature’s sweet delights, delicate deer nestled in holly berries, mistletoe wrapped presents and a picturesque village — all amid the vibrant yet peaceful patterns of this magical Christmas collection.

domain: hobby


text:
We experienced a decidedly mixed bag on a recent visit to Anmol. We were pleased with the coconut naan ($3.75 and a special that day), and the mango chicken ($7.95). We also liked that we could order any dish with mild, medium, or hot spice levels. And the small bowl of cinnamon-laced rice pudding at the end of the meal was a nice touch (gratis).
But the décor is stale, there were too few shrimp in the shrimp curry for the $7.95 price tag, and while the $9.95 chicken masala dosa was huge, it was dry and somewhat flavorless.
With so few Indian restaurants on the North Shore, we hesitate to disparage this one, especially since it’s not bad, just average. Still, Passage to India is only one town further south, and every meal we’ve had there was much more enjoyable. We’re also curious to know if perhaps some of Anmol’s dishes are better than others. If you’ve enjoyed a meal there, please let us know about it in the comments.
258 Rantoul St, Beverly

domain: food


Plans were introduced for an expansion of Gainesville’s downtown streetscape, this time spreading off the square.
At the Gainesville City Council’s work retreat Friday, the traffic engineering department introduced the council to the newest downtown overhaul project.
The plan includes narrowing Washington Street, between Green and Bradford streets, to one lane, while extending the sidewalk to make more room for pedestrians and shop owners.
“You have these other areas that are connected to the square, but not connected in a way that we want them to be, which is the more pedestrian-friendly way,” said Catiel Felts, tourism director for the city, adding that restaurant owners have voiced an interest in an enhanced outdoor atmosphere.
“One of the things we’ve heard from the restaurant owners downtown ... is they want to expand their outdoor seating,” Felts said.
The proposal also includes the beautification of the sidewalk on Green Street, as well as on Bradford Street.
The project, however, has not been approved, nor has it gotten past the design stages.
“Basically, the staff met up and was looking (to) improve and expand the existing streetscape that we’ve done in the past and then sort of carry that design, if you will, out further — basically spring it out from the square,” said Dee Taylor, Gainesville’s traffic engineer.
“It’s one of those: let’s pitch it out there and see what kind of ideas we get back and kind of baby-step along. These are big projects ... there’s all sorts of unknowns, more than a two-dimensional drawing can give you.”
The council saw the plans for the first time Friday. The project has no estimated cost, nor has funding been allocated.
In fact, Taylor said, the project could end up changing completely.
Right now, designers have narrowed Washington Street to one lane of traffic and extended the sidewalk on both Washington and Bradford. Lights and trees have been planned to mirror those of the square.
“Some of those ideas may not fly,” Taylor said.
“Sometimes the artist’s rendering and what you end up with are completely different. Everything’s driven by money.”
He said unknowns like underground utilities and federal requirements could change the original design.
No timeline has been set for the project; Felts said it could come to fruition in two years or 10.
But, she said, the project is likely to become a reality.
“A number of years ago when someone mentioned tearing down the old police station and fire department and build(ing) the new public safety complex, everyone was like ‘yeah, yeah, yeah,’” Felts said.
“Same thing with the bridge. Those are the kinds of projects that we have to start somewhere.”
And, she said, it’s this kind of project that has been on her “wish list” for some time.
“Our downtown is doing great and we think it can do even better,” Felts said. “It’s just a part of the plan, if you will.”


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Jersey Mike’s Subs opens in Pembroke
By Michael Graham
Students arrived in Pembroke this fall to many new additions including a new place to eat, Jersey Mike’s Subs.
The restaurant, located right beside Hardee’s, boasts subs, salads, wraps and soup.
Pembroke’s many fast-food restaurants include two different Subway locations, though Jersey Mike’s promises a new variety in sandwiches.
Restaurants like McDonalds and Burger King stay packed with customers during the day, making it difficult to get a quick lunch. The addition of another restaurant could help make it easier to find a bite to eat In a smaller amount of time.
With fresh sliced meat and various hot subs prepared on a diner-style grill, Jersey Mike’s gives the illusion of a local deli in the body of a chain restaurant. A glass cooler in the main counter even shows customers the many varieties of meat they can choose from.
Each sub is offered as a wrap or a salad, allowing customers to have a variety of selections from the otherwise small looking menu.
Only having been open for a few weeks, it is yet to be seen if Jersey Mike’s will keep constant business, though for now it seems to be packed around meal time everyday.
Though plagued by long lines and eager crowds, the restaurant has kept service efficient.
Jersey Mike’s has a menu filled with variety, allowing any sub to be served as a wrap or even in a bowl without any bread at all, keeping the more health conscience consumer in mind.
A welcome addition to the ever growing restaurant scene in Pembroke, Jersey Mike’s has its work cut out in the near future, with travelers arriving for UNCP’s football season and the ever growing student population, customer numbers will be large enough to test the restaurant.
One thing is for sure, students and residents alike will have one more option for a bite to eat in Pembroke now.


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Antonio Baratti (aka Antonio Baratta) (1724–1787)
“Superbia” (aka “The Fall of the Rebel Angels”), c1760, plate 1 from a series of seven plates, “The Seven Deadly Sins”, after the design by Vincenzo Scozia (fl. late 1700s). The portrayed scene illustrates Isaiah 14:12-15 (as inscribed on plate): “(12) How you have fallen from heaven, morning star, son of the dawn! … (15) But you are brought down to the realm of the dead, to the depths of the pit” (NIV).
Etching on laid paper trimmed along the platemark on the sides with a narrow margin above and below.
Size: (sheet) 44.3 x 52.9 cm; (plate) 43.5 x 52.9? cm; (image borderline) 39.3 x 51.6 cm.
Lettered in plate below the image borderline: (left) “V. Scozia inv./ Quomodo cecidisti de celo Lucifer? Qui dicebas: [How did you fall from heaven Lucifer? Who said:]/ No. 1.”; (centre) “SUPERBIA.”; (right) “A. Baratti Sculp./ similis ero Altissiom. Ad infernum detraheris.[ I will be like Altissius. You will be dragged down to hell.]/ Isai. Cap. 14v. 220.127.116.11.”
See the description of this print at Catalogo generale dei Beni Culturali: https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/0500690842
Condition: a richly inked and well-printed impression with small margins. Beyond faint collector’s annotations verso, the sheet is in a near pristine condition with no tears, holes, abrasions, significant stains or foxing.
I am selling this large and exceptionally rare etching showing the archangel Michael sending fallen angels, and demonic creatures to hell with divine fire from his shield, for AU$388 (currently US$255.23/EUR259.88/GBP227.37 at the time of posting this listing) including postage and handling to anywhere in the world, but not (of course) any import duties/taxes imposed by some countries.
If you are interested in purchasing this imposingly large etching that is seldom seen on the art market—note that the British Museum, the Rijksmuseum and the MET do not hold a copy of this print—please contact me (firstname.lastname@example.org) and I will send you a PayPal invoice to make the payment easy.
This print has been sold
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Technically Incorrect: In a series of tweets, Markus Persson says he's never felt more isolated.
Wedged between techie territories like Palo Alto and Menlo Park, this once down-and-out California town is trying to turn itself around while still keeping its identity. We paid a visit on Road Trip 2015.
Startup Nextbit launches its first smartphone as a Kickstarter project. Early commitments will nab the device, named "Robin," for $299.
The electronics giant has sent out invitations to an event next month in San Francisco, where it's expected to show off the next iPhones and a new Apple TV box.
From CNET Magazine: Fingerprint readers, which are more convenient and more secure than passcodes, could finally do away with the weakest link in almost any security system.
Technically Incorrect: Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak tweets his dislike of both Republicans and Democrats and his support for the self-described socialist.
Four superphones with four similar styles and specs. We'll help break down the pros, cons, and how much extra you pay to upgrade from the S6 to the S6 Edge to the Note 5 to the Edge+. Whew!
From the Cheapskate: Sayonara, cable bill! RCA wants you to win a killer HDTV antenna, Roku 3 with voice search and $100 Netflix gift card.
Why do some people now automatically film the police during traffic stops? A video of an Ohio police officer stopping a black driver adds one more piece of evidence.
With hundreds of filters and effects, ReDesign Photo is great for playing with photos, but it sorely needs a method to undo your edits.


When the last thing Alberta needs is increased spending and borrowing after four major credit downgrades, the NDP have borrowed another $14 billion.
On June 10th, two orders under the Financial Administration Act were approved by the government. One was for $3.5 billion and the other for $10.5 billion to cover new government spending. And right on time, the Canadian Taxpayers Federation was here in Calgary touring with the debt clock.
I caught up with Alberta Director Paige MacPherson to chat about debt levels in the province. She compared the NDP’s borrowing to overspending on a family card – except families usually have a plan to pay their debt off, while it seems the NDP don’t.
This $14 billion loan is the biggest in Alberta’s history and it doesn’t seem to phase the NDP as they continue to drive the province into record levels of debt. I also talked to Paige about some of the measures that could be taken to limit the debt load. She says that balancing the budget is the key, so that repaying it is within reach. She also mentions that cutting public sector salaries is the place to start to curb wasteful spending.
Currently, public sector salaries in Alberta are much higher than the national average and the NDP have increased public sector jobs. Overspending on public salaries is one of the main contributors to budgets in the red.
The government needs to be held to account for wasteful spending. Derek Fildebrandt, former Alberta Director for the CTF and now Wildrose MLA and Finance Critic for Strathmore-Brooks, was also there at the debt clock stop. I asked him what the Wildrose Party is prepared to do about the NDP’s out of control borrowing and spending. He says that Wildrose will continue to hold the NDP’s feet to the fire and will hammer out a plan to get Alberta’s spending back on track for the next election.
The NDP are like out of control teenagers with an all access pass to their parents’ credit cards. Even though what Albertans need the most is for them to cut spending wherever they can, they continue to borrow. The province is now over $21 billion in debt – that means every man, woman and child owes about $22,000 each.
Those numbers are staggering and it looks like there is no end in sight for NDP spending.


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What is special about a CMS? Content and design are edited separately. This gives you the possibility to adjust the look of the website at any time without having to touch the content.
For the design in WordPress are responsible for the so-called themes. On the one hand, they provide a color scheme and certain fonts as design templates, and on the other hand, they determine the division of the segments of a page. Where is the menu located and how is the content displayed? Themes often have already prepared functions, so that only a few adjustments are necessary until the own homepage with WordPress looks as it is desired. Who can program, of course, still has all the possibilities to customize a theme according to their own wishes. But the easiest way to set up WordPress is to choose a design template that comes as close as possible to your own ideas.
A basic distinction: free and paid WordPress themes
In the backend of WordPress there are a lot of free themes that are easily installed with one click. You can find them under -> Themes -> Add New Theme, where you can scroll through a variety of design templates or filter and search them by many criteria. Single column or double column, color scheme or theme, popular themes or new themes, just get inspired and find the right theme for your blog.
But you should exercise a little caution when choosing a theme template from the backend of WordPress. Literally anyone can create and upload such a theme, which means the quality can vary significantly. Choose a manufacturer that is already established on the market or a theme that has already been tried and tested. You can recognize both by the star rating.
A free Theme can also cause problems in that it can be a gateway for malicious software. Especially for professional users, this is a big risk, but it can be banished by buying a theme from a professional.
There are many providers of professional design templates that offer them a little more security than the free WordPress themes. In addition, there is usually a competent support here, perhaps a forum and in the best case video tutorials for installation and setup. Even if themes are easy as pie to install, questions often arise. That's why the first decision when choosing the right professional provider is: Should it be a German-speaking service or can you cope with English instructions?
In the first case your choice is a bit more limited, in the second case literally the whole world is open to you. Premium themes are available for all themes and for all application areas. Again, rely on an experienced provider and use the demo function beforehand to test the theme.


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The 40-Year-Old Virgin
I will begin by saying that Elizabeth Banks is totally on my radar. If you are a producer and an actress who does comedy (as I am), you will sit up and take notice when other ladies – especially comediennes – break the boy-code barrier and succeed at straddling that fine line between marketable (aka “attractive to audiences”) and powerful (aka running your own series and being a lady-boss).
This post by Stephanie Rogers first appeared at Bitch Flicks in March 2009. Glenn Whipp of the L.A. Times wrote a fascinating piece a few days ago titled “Dude rules: leaping into buddydom,” which explores Judd Apatow’s legacy of films, as well as films that imitate the ever-popular prepubescent man garbage that continues to dominate […]


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KUALA LUMPUR: Tenaga Nasional regained its footing while positive news flow from Axiata and higher oil prices boosted Petronas Gas and gave the FBM KLCI a slight boost early Wednesday while the broader market was mixed.
At 9.12am, the FBM KLCI was up 1.5 points or 0.09% to 1, 582.87. Turnover was 448.74 million shares valued at RM183.55mil. There were 204 gainers, 196 losers and 316 counters unchanged.
Bloomberg reported Asian stocks saw a muted start after their US peers retreated from all-time highs, with investors awaiting a policy decision from the Federal Reserve. Crude oil traded at the highest since 2018.
Shares opened a touch higher in Japan and Australia, and South Korean stocks led gains. US futures were little changed in early trading.
Earlier, weakness in the technology and real estate sectors helped snap a three-day winning streak for S&P 500 Index.
Overnight on Wall Street, the DJIA fell 0.27% to 34, 299. SP 500 lost 0.2% to 4, 246 and Nasdaqn was down 0.7% to 14, 072
At Bursa on Tuesday, foreign funds were net sellers at RM41mil and local institutions at RM3mil but local retail investors remained net buyers at RM44mil.
CGS-CIMB Retail Research said there is no change to its sideways view following yesterday’s uneventful day.
It said the KLCI is still trading between its 50-day EMA and its 200-day EMA. There are battles won by the bulls and there are also battles won by the bears but the war rages on.
“The upside appears to be capped by the 50-day EMA and the 1, 600 psychological level. Minor support is seen at 1, 568 followed by the year low of 1, 552.
“We shall continue to keep a close eye on the key levels of 1, 568 on the downside and 1, 600 on the upside. Our portfolio is still in risk-off mode for this week, ” it said.
At Bursa, Tenaga rose six sen to RM10 and Axiata five sen to RM3.97.
West Texas Intermediate climbed 0.5% after Tuesday’s 1.8% surge, and Brent topped US$74 a barrel. The industry-funded American Petroleum Institute reported US crude inventories fell 8.54 million barrels last week, according to a Bloomberg report.
Petronas Gas rose 12 sen to RM16.02 while Hengyuan added six sen to RM5.25. KNM rose 0.5 sen to 21 sen with 32.34 million shares.
Serba Dinamik slipped one sen to 67 sen in active trade.
Kobay was among the top gainers, up 16 sen to RM2.90, MPI 12 sen to RM40, Pecca nine sen to RM4.47.
Among the decliners were Euro, skidding 51 sen to RM1.21, TOcean 14 sen to RM4.86 while UWC lost 13 sen to RM5.29.
Berjaya Corp was down one to 32.5 sen, giving up part of the previous day’s gains.
Berjaya Corp’s newly appointed group chief executive officer Abdul Jalil Abdul Rasheed has revealed a three-year strategic plan to transform the conglomerate back towards profitability.

domain: economics


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Country 30/196: Uganda
Destinations: Kampala, Entebbe
Due to the extremely popular gorilla tracking tours in Uganda, its lovely capital is often overlooked, which is a shame, since Kampala offers a lot of beautiful sites, including various tombs, parks, churches, and mosques. Besides, the lovely lakeside town of Entebbe is just an hour away from the capital. It’s located at the famous Lake Victoria, where one can find numerous beach restaurants, raw nature, and countless amazing sights. So, there you go, lots to do near Kampala. To unwind after a long day, make sure to stay at the wonderful Mestil Hotel. 😉
Thank you, Uganda! It was a real pleasure! 🙂 ♥
Deforestation, overgrazing, poor agricultural practices (e.g. draining of wetlands), and consequently soil erosion are some of the most pressing environmental issues in Uganda. Forests and woodlands were reduced by two-thirds between 1962 and 1977. Uganda’s water supply is contaminated by toxic industrial pollutants and mercury from mining activity. Around 47% of the people living in rural areas have access to pure drinking water. Poaching of protected wildlife is also a major problem. Endangered or extinct species include the mountain gorilla, northern white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, and Nile crocodile. The water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria created a big environmental (and economic) problem in 1996. The weed invasion has affected wildlife, fishing, and water transportation.
Found lots of LOVE in Uganda. 😉 ♥
Honeymoon rating of the visited destinations: ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♡♡♡
Kampala and Entebbe are two picturesque laid-back lakeside cities. It’s a lovely place to experience Africa. 🙂
* Note: This is NOT a general rating of the country, it is merely our personal opinion of the mentioned site(s) as honeymoon destinations, based on the level of tourism development, the number and quality of romantic and adventurous activities and sites it offers, and safety. We strongly believe that every country is beautiful in its own way, they may simply be more or less honeymoon oriented/friendly.
*Are you planning a trip to Kampala/Entebbe? Here you can get a room with a 10% discount! 🙂
** Follow the journey on Instagram. 😉 There you can see our clean-up stories and check out our peace and sustainable tourism promo photos/videos. 😉
*** Use the form on the sidebar to subscribe to our newsletter and get a free customized e-postcard from every country! 🙂