text:
Early Traumatic Hepatothorax: An Underdiagnose Complication of High Energy Blunt Trauma
1Department of Trauma Surgery, Hospital da Restauração Governador Paulo Guerra, Recife, Brazil
2,3Department of Medical Sciences School, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
Corresponding Author: Luiz ER Moutinho, Department of Medical Sciences School, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, Phone: +55(81)995992121, e-mail: email@example.com
How to cite this article da Fonseca Neto OCL, Moutinho LER, Costa LRO. Early Traumatic Hepatothorax: An Underdiagnose Complication of High Energy Blunt Trauma. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2021;10(2):82–84.
Source of support: Nil
Conflict of interest: None
Aim and objective: This paper reports a case of early traumatic hepatothorax and discusses diagnosis and treatment according to an updated literature review.
Background: Hepatothorax is the abnormal displacement of the liver to the chest. It is a rare condition, which may be challenging to diagnose, and is associated with high energy blunt trauma. Hepatothorax may evolve in different phases: initial, latent, and obstructive; and lead to significant complications and death.
Case description: This paper reports the case of a female patient, 35-year-old, diagnosed with hepatothorax due to a car crash causing a high-energy thoracoabdominal trauma. Due to poor clinical progress after chest drainage, a subsequent helical computerized tomography was done and diagnosed a right diaphragmatic injury and hepatic herniation to the chest. The patient underwent early surgical correction of the diaphragmatic injury and she was later successfully discharged home without complications after a 1-year follow-up.
Conclusion: The literature reports numerous underdiagnosed cases and later surgical correction of traumatic hepatothorax. In this case, persistent dyspnea, despite chest drainage, following a high-energy trauma led to the search and identification of the hepatothorax.
Clinical significance: Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for traumatic hepatothorax in high-energy blunt thoracoabdominal trauma and consider early surgical repair, which is associated with lower morbidity and mortality in this type of injury.
Keywords: Blunt trauma, Laparotomy, Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.
Aim y objetivo: Este relato reporta um caso de hepatotórax traumático precoce e discute o diagnóstico e tratamento de acordo com uma revisão atualizada da literatura.
Introdução: O hepatotórax é definido pelo deslocamento anormal do fígado para o tórax. Trata-se de uma condição rara que pode oferecer dificuldade em termos do diagnóstico e está associado a traumas fechados com grande transferência de energia. O hepatotórax pode evoluir em diferentes fases: inicial, latente e obstrutiva; e conduzir a complicações importantes e a morte.
Relato de caso: Esse artigo relata o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 35 anos, diagnosticada com hepatorórax devido a uma colisão automobilística, que resultou em um trauma toracoabdominal fechado de alta energia. Devido a piora clínica após a drenagem torácica, uma tomografia computadorizada de tórax foi realizada em sequência, e foi diagnosticada uma lesão diafragmática direita associada a herniação hepática para o tórax. A paciente foi submetida a correção cirúrgica precoce da lesão diafragmática e obteve alta hospitalar sem demais complicações até um ano de seguimento.
Conclusão: A literatura abrange vários relatos de casos acerca do hepatotórax traumático inicialmente não diagnosticado associado à correção cirúrgica tardia. Neste caso, a dispneia persistente, apesar da drenagem torácica em seguida de um trauma de grande energia levou à busca ativa e à identificação do hepatotórax.
Significância clínica: O médico emergencista deve manter alto índice de suspeição para o hepatórax traumático em cenário de trauma toracoabdominal fechado com alta transferência de energia e considerar a correção cirúrgica precoce, a qual é associada a menores incidências de morbimortalidade nesse tipo de lesão.
Palabras-clave: Hérnia diafragmática traumática, Trauma fechado, Laparotomia.
Keywords: Blunt trauma, Laparotomy, Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is a rare condition (0.8–1.6% of hospital admissions for blunt trauma) that occurs with a displacement of the abdominal viscera to the chest. It can be caused by a sharp, penetrating object, as well as by a blunt blow abruptly increasing intra-abdominal pressure. The majority of the diaphragmatic injuries occur on the left side (70–87.5%) over the unprotected area by the stomach.1 However, there are growing reports of high-energy car crashes and right diaphragmatic lesions.2 In this context, hepatothorax may occur and patients may present with respiratory and hemodynamic disorders.3 In this article, we report a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia case associated with hepatothorax, diagnosed and treated early, following blunt trauma.
A 35-year-old woman was hit by a vehicle causing a high-energy blunt trauma to the right side of her body. The patient arrived in the emergency department brought by emergency medical services. The patient reported diffuse chest pain over the right hemithorax. On examination, the airway was patent, SaO2 94% (with low flow O2 supplementation), heart rate 96 bpm, Glasgow coma score was 11/15, and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) was 11. Initial assessment indicated polytrauma, possible moderate traumatic brain injury, right humerus fracture, and blunt thoracic trauma. Conventional chest radiography suggested pneumothorax and elevation of the right diaphragm. The chest tube was inserted on the right hemithorax, which drained a large amount of air. Cranial axial tomography revealed no evidence of traumatic brain injury. Despite the chest drainage, the tachypnea persisted (respiratory rate was 27/minute) and a repeated chest X-ray showed no improvement of the right diaphragm elevation. Chest and abdomen computerized tomography was performed and showed a herniated right hepatic lobe into the thoracic cavity (Fig. 1). Immediate exploratory laparotomy was performed through a right subcostal incision extended to the left. The surgery confirmed the traumatic hepatothorax with a 12 cm-long diaphragmatic laceration (Fig. 2). The herniated liver was returned to the abdomen, the thoracic cavity was irrigated, a new thoracic drain was inserted under direct vision, the liver right triangular ligament was sutured, and interrupted phrenorrhaphy with synthetic absorbable suture (Fig. 2) was done. No abdominal drain was used. Postoperative recovery was unremarkable and without complications. Seven days after the laparotomy, the patient underwent surgical repair of the humerus and was discharged home seven days later. At 1-year follow-up, the patient remains well without complaints or clinical disorders that can be related to the hepatothorax.
The patient consent form has been obtained and the study protocol was submitted to local ethical board authorization, Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa–Hospital da Restauração (CEP/HR), and approved (CAE: 36733520.9.0000.5198).
The present manuscript reports two rare clinical conditions: (1) diaphragmatic lesion, present in %3C;2% of the blunt polytrauma patients,4 and (2) hepatothorax, present in 0.25–1% of all blunt abdominal trauma cases.3
Post-traumatic transdiaphragmatic hernia occurs mainly due to the higher pressure in the abdominal compartment compared to the intrathoracic pressure. As in this case, 78.1% of post-traumatic hernias result from automobile crashes.1 In contrast to penetrating trauma, diaphragmatic injuries resulting from blunt and high-energy blow are associated with more severe trauma, more injured organs (associated injuries), and larger diaphragmatic lacerations. We performed a review of the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE databases for original case reports of traumatic hepatothorax in the last 20 years and found 21 (in 25 publications) according to the following search strategy: (“right diaphragmatic rupture” OR “right DR”) AND (hepatothorax OR hepatothorax OR “hepatic hernia*”).
The diagnosis of hepatothorax can be difficult in the emergency department due to the non-specificity of radiological signs and clinical symptoms. The injury progression can be defined as initial, latent, or obstructive. The obstructive phase happens with the incarceration and dysfunction of the herniated organs. Indeed, the mortality rates for diaphragmatic injuries are <5% when treated early, while delayed treatment may rise to 36–48%.4 Chronic total hepatothorax can lead to periportal edema, venous portosystemic shunt, and torsion of the hepatic hilum.3 Hepatothorax may also cause severe restrictive (compression) of the thoracic organs such as lungs,3 heart,5 and the vena cava.6
Several cases in the literature underwent surgical repair years after the initial trauma.3,7–9 Negative intrathoracic pressure pulls the liver progressively upwards, provoking early, or delayed, respiratory failure. Late respiratory failure occurs days after the initial trauma,2,10,11 though there are reports of respiratory failure occurring %3E;30 years after the traumatic event. In some reports, the late presentation of symptomatic hepatothorax was associated with a perforated peptic ulcer.8,12 It is hypothesized that increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by peritonitis may cause herniation in previously weakened diaphragmatic regions.
The diagnosis of diaphragmatic lacerations may vary widely according to some papers in 30–61 and 12–66% of all cases.3,8 Conventional chest radiography is limited to diagnose hepatothorax, being only helpful in 40% of the cases. However, the elevation of the right hemidiaphragm has a sensitivity >80%,1 and progression or persistence of right chest opacity, despite chest drainage, should alert the medical team to the risk of underlying hepatothoraces. Okyere et al. reported two cases in which the persistence of opacity after thoracic drainage, associated with hemodynamic deterioration was relevant in confirming a hepatothorax diagnosis.13 Emergency department physicians must pay attention to iatrogenic hepatic injury when carrying out the blind placement of chest tubes.6
Helical computed tomography with coronal section reconstruction is the most appropriate method to confirm hepatothorax diagnosis (sensitivity and specificity of 50–90 and 90–100%, respectively).13,14 However, even on chest computerized tomography initial missed diagnoses have been rated between 12 and 63%.15 High clinical suspicion and multiplanar reconstruction might lead to overcome it.
Treatment can be performed via laparotomy or thoracotomy, and simultaneously approaches could be necessary occasionally.9,10,12 Associated injuries must be evaluated and, therefore, laparotomy is indicated in early traumatic hepatothorax. Generally, primary sutures using one or two layers are performed; prosthetic materials are used on rare occasions with great loss of tissue.7,13 Autologous fascia lata has been used once to repair this type of lesion.11 Laparoscopy and thoracoscopy play an increasing role in both late and early treatment of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and can be considered for the treatment of hepatothorax.7,16
In the reported patient, persistent dyspnea after chest drainage, in a high-energy vehicle trauma, led to the search and identification of a hepatothorax. Helical computed tomography was chosen since the patient was hemodynamically stable. The accurate diagnosis of hepatothorax is often made considering the association of history of a high-energy trauma mechanism, physical examination, and helical computerized tomography imaging. Hepatothorax is an underdiagnosed complication of trauma and a high index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis. Early definitive surgical treatment may prevent hepatothorax progression and late life-threatening complications.
PRESENTATION(S) OR AWARDS AT A MEETING
The case report abstract was presented in a congress at Fortaleza, Brazil named “XVIII Semana Brasileira do Aparelho Digestivo” on November 25, 2019.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS STATEMENT
Olival CL da Fonseca Neto: clinical management (lead), data curation (lead), writing–review and editing (lead), supervision (lead). Luiz ER Moutinho literature review (lead), writing–original draft (lead), writing–review and editing (supporting), visualization (lead). Ludmila RO Costa data curation (supporting), literature review (supporting), writing–original draft (supporting), visualization (supporting).
The case report protocol was approved by the institution reviewer and Ethical Board in human research (CEP/HR) numbered CAAE 36733520.9.0000.5198 on September 14, 2020. The study was conducted anonymously.
1. Hirano ES, Silva VG, Bortoto JB, et al. Exame radiográfico convencional do tórax no diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática pós-traumática. Rev Colégio Bras Cir 2012;39(4):280–285. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-69912012000400007.
2. Igai H, Yokomise H, Kumagai K, et al. Delayed hepatothorax due to right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;55(10):434–436. DOI: 10.1007/s11748-007-0158-y.
3. Lugarinho-Monteiro MTRV, Pereira L, Seco C. Chronic hepatothorax due to right diaphragmatic rupture: an anesthetic challenge in a rare case. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2018;68(2):190–193. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2016.02.006.
4. Kumar S, Kumar S, Bhaduri S, et al. An undiagnosed left sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia presenting as small intestinal strangulation: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2013;4(5):446–448. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.02.006.
5. Topuz M, Ozek MC. Right ventricle collapse secondary to hepatothorax caused by diaphragm rupture due to blunt trauma. Ulus Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Derg Turk J Trauma Emerg Surg TJTES 2014;20(6):463–465. DOI: 10.5505/tjtes.2014.27547.
6. Bader FG, Hoffmann M, Laubert T, et al. Hepatothorax after right-sided diaphragmatic rupture mimicking a pleural effusion: a case report. Cases J 2009(1):2. DOI: 10.4076/1757-1626-2-8545.
7. Yildar M, Yaman I, Derici H, et al. Laparoscopic repair in simultaneous occurrence of recurrent chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia. ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig São Paulo 2015;28(1):90–92. DOI: 10.1590/s0102-67202015000100024.
8. Ebrahimi G, Bloemers FW. A delayed traumatic right diaphragmatic hernia with hepatothorax. J Surg Case Rep 2012;2012(1):1. DOI: 10.1093/jscr/2012.1.1.
9. Guner A, Bekar Y, Kece C, et al. Delayed enterothorax and hepatothorax due to missed right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. Am J Emerg Med 2012;30(1):263.e7-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.11.016.
10. Kastanakis M, Anyfantakis D, Kokkinos I, et al. Delayed post-traumatic diaphragmatic rupture complicated by total hepato-thorax: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2013;4(6):537–539. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.03.027.
11. Baloyiannis I, Kouritas VK, Karagiannis K, et al. Isolated right diaphragmatic rupture following blunt trauma. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;59(11):760–762. DOI: 10.1007/s11748-010-0759-8.
12. Quadrozzi F, Favoriti P, Favoriti M, et al. Unusual repair in a rare case of hepatothorax due to right-sided diaphragmatic rupture: case report. Il G Chir 2016;37(2):84–85. DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2016.37.2.084.
13. Okyere I, Okyere P, Glover PSK. Traumatic right diaphragmatic rupture with hepatothorax in Ghana: two rare cases. Pan Afr Med J 2019. 33. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.256.17061.
14. AL-Naemi AQ, Khan LA, AL-Naemi I, et al. Traumatic right diaphragmatic rupture with hepatothorax: a diagnostic challenge!. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015;5(6):930–931. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.07.04.
15. Panda A, Kumar A, Gamanagatti S, et al. Traumatic diaphragmatic injury: a review of CT signs and the difference between blunt and penetrating injury. Diagn Interv Radiol 2014;20(2):121–128. DOI: 10.5152/dir.2013.13248.
16. Fiscon V, Portale G, Migliorini G, et al. Laparoscopic repair of intrathoracic liver herniation after traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. Surg Endosc 2011;25(10):3423. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1721-.
© The Author(s). 2021 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


text: It is capable of growing in a wide range of climatic conditions. The health credentials of BARLEYmax® begin with its history. Your friend, supporter, brother in Christ, and health minister in Massachusetts. As a plant, Barley is also abundant in chlorophyll, the basis of all its life. Nutrient-rich young barley grass provides energy, stamina, strength, and immunity-boosting vitamins, like Vitamin C. It also contains minerals and amino-acids that our body needs. You are invited to comment on the live discussion and get a chance to win raffle prizes. Balancing blood sugar problems keeps people away from wanting to satisfy the hunger that may prompt them to crave for food and eat more. Setting a jovial mood to welcome 2021, Nobu Manila at City of Dreams Manila highlights an enticing six-course Omakase New Year dinner menu exclusively available on December 31 and January 1, 2021. FDA CPR No. Barley Max is available at all Watsons branches nationwide. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Products derived from the Barley grass is greatly flocked by many health enthusiasts due to its high level of protection against the harsh and negative effects of the environment to our body that may arise from pollution and the free radicals roaming around us constantly. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Daily Amount (4g) is an excellent source of vitamin K, and chromium; also a good source of some trace minerals. Barley has been seen as an effective way of stabilizing blood sugar problems while offering other health benefits such as detoxifying our bodies and protecting them from harmful external factors. Scientific Name(s) Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum distichon. Specifically, Barley contains a high level of both dietary fiber and selenium which are two effective antioxidants. Better health for Australians, greater benefits for farmers. BarleyMax provides a superior blend of naturally occurring vitamins A, E, and B9 (folate), protein, minerals including zinc, manganese, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus and potassium, essential amino acids, chlorophyll, flavonoids, many trace elements, antioxidants, plus a high level of enzymatic activity that is necessary for building new, strong, healthy and vital cells in the body. BarleyMax is a daily supplement that helps to provide a wide array of benefits to consumers, improving their health with each dose. Barley, a famous and reputable member of the grass family, is involved in many different industries including the animals, the beers’ or beverages’, and other healthy products. These whole grains are rich in protein, vitamins, minerals and amino acids essential for our health. Released on SM Supermalls Facebook page on New Year’s Eve, the Beacon of Hope video shows select SM malls across... Mayor Abalos issues order banning firecrackers and other pyrotechnic devices, PhilHealth issues official statement on implementation of adjusted contribution rate for CY 2021, 2020 up in flames: Watch Kenny Rogers Roaster’s fitting year-ender, STARTING A NEW JOURNEY | Five questions with Zack Tabudlo, K-hip hop artist Jungsu drops new single, ‘Bullet Holes’, SMART SOLUTIONS FOR SMARTER BUSINESS | Unleashing the fullest potential of Filipino enterprises, Nobu Manila at City Of Dreams highlights a special New Year Omakase, SM ushers in the New Year with ‘Beacon of Hope’ spectacle. Nutrient-rich young barley grass provides energy, stamina, strength, and immunity-boosting vitamins, like Vitamin C. 271 likes. In stock. Barley may also lower blood pressure in people who do not have high blood pressure but do have high cholesterol. Resistant starch is a fermentable fibre that good bugs use to create food for themselves and thereby provide an optimal healthy microbiome, which in turn delivers a healthy digestive system. Knowing the right recommended dosage of barley is very crucial to someone that is looking forward to be healed or cured. Boosts energy. We normally do this by exercising regularly and eating properly. However, before adding Barley into our lifestyle completely, it is important to be familiar and aware of the different benefits of choosing and using Barley. Each Barley Max sachet or capsule contains pure barley grass powder. The beta-glucan found in Barley excretes fatty substances to maintain a healthy and fat-free body. To reap the best barley grass juice benefits cut the grass when it reaches the height of 7-8 inches. Barley grass has greater nutritional value if harvested at a young age. Barley also contains selenium, a mineral that doubles as a powerful antioxidant, which helps protect skin cells from free radical damage. At P6,210 nett per person, inclusive of a complimentary glass of champagne, Nobu Manila’s New Year Omakase... As the year draws to a close, SM Supermalls lights up the sky with a heart-warming visual spectacle themed as “Beacon of Hope” to welcome 2021 in high spirits. Consumption of Barley is essential in our body since it is a whole-grain food. The potential value of improved health outcomes for Australians from widespread, regular consumption of BARLEYmax™ is estimated to be worth approximately $305 million per year due to its potential for lowering rates of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. In this online event, health and wellness experts like Maggie Wilson, Dr. Rey Salinel, and Cory Quirino will expound on the various benefits of taking Barley Max. That is because there are so many health benefits of barley. IAM Barley. Barley is indeed a good antioxidant, disease treatment, and of course, a digestive detoxifier and cleanser. I am also 81 years old, and born in February 1934 the same year as you. Here’s what is the recommended dosage of barley to our illnesses. Here they are below: Antioxidant Barley grass is a … Studies have shown that the decreasing level of superoxide dismutase in our bodies increases the aging process. Barley is a great source of niacin (vitamin B) that provides numerous benefits to our cardiovascular system. More importantly, barley is one of the richest sources of both soluble and insoluble fiber. Barley also helps stabilize and alleviate blood glucose levels for both those with heart problems and diabetes. Daily intake of the Barley can help lessen the work of the enzymes in the body. Rebuild, recharge and fuel your body with the best and most valuable supplement available. Learn how your comment data is processed. Handy and convenient to use anywhere and any time, Barley Max is a nutritional supplement imported from New Zealand made from pure, natural, and organic New Zealand barley. Vitamins and Minerals - BARLEYMAX contains at least 16 vitamins, 23 minerals and 20 enzymes. Barley grass is the leaf of the barley plant, as opposed to the grain. Therefore, the manipulation of SOD to increase its number is very beneficial to help our bodies repair quickly and slow our aging. The prohibition is underlined in Executive Order No. Aside from that, Barley helps quicken the absorption of nutrients so that we always feel energetic and fine—away from the worries of possible unhealthy digestion. The body needs not to do all the long process of converting the nutritious elements because Barley will do the job itself. With 12g of protein in every 100g, barley contains more of this essential nutrient than similar grains such as brown rice. The results. It also has 7 times more Vitamin C than in a standard orange, further aiding in the production of different substances and antibodies. Consuming proper nutritional food builds healthy cells, allowing the body to maintain health and perform its natural healing powers. Please remember that barley is not a cure to all illnesses. It is very high in fiber and at the same time, very low in fat which makes Barley reasonably ideal for those wanting a healthy lifestyle. To give us more valuable information and guidelines for surviving the pandemic season, Barley Max and Watsons will be presenting a live FB discussion entitled “New Healthy Normal” on August 22 at 4PM on their FB pages of Barley Max and Watsons. Health Benefits of Barley Water. What is BarleyMax? Barley grass is a powerful food — a super food if you may say. ***This supplement should not be taken without medical supervision if one is taking blood thinners or experiencing bile duct problems. Barley Max. These nutritional grasses can be grown easily. Barley health benefits includes improving digestion, helps with weight loss, protects against gallstones, support the skin, prevent asthma, prevent heart disease, a good source of antioxidants, helps manage diabetes, a great source of minerals and vitamins, boost … Cortex Enterprise Solutions was built to empower Filipino businesses to be on par with the digital... Mandaluyong City Mayor Menchie Abalos has issued an executive order that totally bans the manufacture, distribution, sale, and use of any and all kinds of firecrackers and pyrotechnic devices in the city in celebrating the New Year. The juice of barley grass is regarded as an energy tonic. WHAT IT IS - Barley grass (Hordeum vulgare) is the seedling of the barley plant. Barley is one of the oldest grains to grow on land; it is a grain that adapts to different weather and soil conditions. Barley is an annual grass. Barley is an alternative to pasta, porridge or even ri… from “Barley Grass”, by Betsy Block, NATURAL HEALTH Magazine - Oct 1999 pg. On that same time, you can also buy Barley Max from Watsons online and receive a free shaker. Barley can grow in a variety of climates and cultivating conditions compared to other grains. Hence, Barley contains many vitamins needed by our bodies such as Vitamin B and C, iron and etc., making the Barley Capsule a healthy supplement for everyone of age. The Barley grass has a positive effect on the cholesterol level and blood pressure of our body which, more specifically and experience-based, are affiliated with stronger chances of heart problems. But because our movements are restricted due to various quarantines, those good practices may be difficult to do. Pure Barley and Choco-Barley from IAM Worldwide a.k.a. There is a lot of ease in evacuation of the bowels of those who are relying on Barley Max for better health and flow in the alimentary canal. Studies and evidence have shown that Barley help protects and avoid heart problems, diseases, or possible stroke that usually come from the inherited genes. Traditional health benefits of curcumin include - antioxidant, natural anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-rheumatic, anti-carcinogenic and hepato protective. About Barley Juice. Each Barley Max sachet or capsule contains pure barley grass powder. Niacin can help reduce bad cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), and free radicals. In these days of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to maintain our strength and keep ourselves healthy. Barley may also reduce blood sugar and insulin levels. Barley can enhance (give more power to) our immune system to fight whatever illnesses you have. Barley water ranks high in the category of healthy beverages because it is loaded with essential nutrients. I am also in good health and awaiting the Lord’s return.” ~ George H. K., Massachusetts It … Packing. Barley grass effectively promotes weight loss since the grass itself is an insoluble fiber that helps regulate blood sugar and keep one full-on mealtime. It’s called Barley Max. Although barley may not be as popular as other whole grains like oats, wheat, or even grain-of-the-moment quinoa, the heath perks associated with barley nutrition shouldn’t be overlooked.. What are the benefits of eating barley? Copyright © 2020 GHH (Get Holistic Health), health enthusiasts due to its high level of protection, body and also helps rejuvenate and revitalize, prevents degradation of cell renewal that may display rough skin. We often hear Barley in wine-making processes or in the dietary plans; however, Barley is also found to have contained an enzyme that is an intensely effective anti-aging antioxidant, hence, another good ingredient for cosmetics. It also lowers the risk of blood clots. In a broad view, the Barley keeps the flow of the blood is circulating throughout our bodies and also prevents blood clots which may be the reason for heart-related problems to trigger. Barley contains niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, folate, iron, magnesium, and selenium. Barley basically prevents degradation of cell renewal that may display rough skin. Barley, a famous grass known for its many benefits, is a very powerful antioxidant that fights against the bad toxins to keep our body healthy. The juice should be consumed to increase the immune system and to increase a healthy red blood count. Since barley is a good source of soluble and insoluble fibre, vitamins, essential minerals (calcium, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc and copper), anti-oxidants and phytochemicals which are believed to lower the risk of heart disease and diabetes, barley … Our capsules are a convenient way to bring the benefits of BarleyMax wherever you go. Niacin can help reduce bad cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), … BarleyMax ® is a juice powder that was tested against leading competitors and proven to deliver the living nutrition you need for optimal health. BarleyMax Capsules are designed to promote healthy cell growth and protect your body against DNA damage that causes aging and disease. Making the decision to be proactive about your approach to nutrition is always a positive way to impact your body. Suggested benefits include prevention and cure of cancer, treatment of HIV infection, cholesterol lowering, detoxification of pollutants, protection against solar and other forms of radiation, and boosting energy and immunity. This Nutrient-packed "Green Food" May Fight Several Types Of Cancer, Clear Up Skin Problems, And Heal Ulcers. Barley is no doubt one of the best things in life that nature has provided us profusely. Barley is a very healthy grain. Intake of barley is very likely to help you maintain your overall health in the long term. Does the number depend on how quickly one inhales and exhales, and on how quickly one counts? Barley is a great source of niacin (vitamin B) that provides numerous benefits to our cardiovascular system. 39, Series of 2020... No one will forget 2020—the year that brought about a volcanic eruption, super-typhoons, and a global pandemic which caused everyone to rethink how they should live their lives. Because BARLEYMAX is a high quality, balanced, natural green food, it helps the body balance, cleanse and heal itself. Barley has been used since the stone age and today it is mostly cultivated to make beer and for animal feed.Wheat has replaced barley for the past century to a large extent. Bottle: 30 Vegetable Capsules Capsule: 500 mg Organic Barley is a daily supplement imported from New Zealand which is known to have several health benefits. ⌄ Scroll down to continue reading article ⌄ Benefits: It helps reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Just mix with water and enjoy the benefits... Scientifically proven. Barley seems to slow stomach emptying. Aside from that, medical practitioners also recommend Barley for other sorts of sicknesses such as fatigue, migraines, and disorders. This makes it a beneficial mealtime addition for vegans, vegetarians and people following a meat-free diet. On the medicinal benefits of barley grass powder. Reduces the risk of … 12 Best Health Benefits Of Barley • Promotes Intestinal Health: It is an excellent source of fiber, so it helps to remove toxins from your body. The fiber in barley might lower cholesterol in people with high cholesterol. Dietary fibers that contain support beneficial bacteria in the large intestine. In the late 1990s, CSIRO researchers developed a collection of new non-GM barley grains through conventional breeding processes and then assessed their potential to improve health by delivering high levels of resistant starch and other dietary fibre components. Many claims have been made regarding the health benefits of barley grass supplements. The soluble fiber beta-glucan found in Barley lowers LDL cholesterol or bad cholesterol. It’s rich in vitamins, minerals and other beneficial plant compounds. Sante Barley Capsule Benefits There are so many benefits of taking this natural food and they are: It helps prevent cancer growth by repairing damaged cells in the body. Take for example the green vitamins found in Barley; these vitamins maintain always keep the red blood cells in our body healthy and always present. For more information, call Barley Max hotline: 09175642233. 23 minerals and 20 enzymes same year as you that the decreasing level superoxide! Powerful antioxidant, which helps protect skin cells from free radical damage in the long process of converting the elements. Free shaker than in a wide range of climatic conditions wide array of benefits to consumers improving... Nature has provided us profusely using barley capsules on a daily basis definitely. Remember that barley fights best against ulcerative colitis, a mineral that doubles as a plant barley! Of different substances and antibodies array of benefits to consumers, improving their with!, thiamine, folate, iron, magnesium, and website in this browser the... Beneficial bacteria in the category of healthy beverages because it is loaded with nutrients. Concerns of bacteria and yeast growth that can harm our bodies damage that aging! An orange can be barley max capsule health benefits the same year as you approach to nutrition is always a positive way to the! Better health for Australians, greater benefits for farmers pressure but do have high.... Plant compounds different substances and antibodies is also abundant in chlorophyll, the manipulation of SOD to increase immune... 12G of protein in every 100g, barley contains more of this nutrient! Both dietary fiber and selenium that adapts to different weather and soil conditions both a powder and a...., the basis of all its life harm our bodies increases the process! More importantly, barley is indeed a good source of some trace minerals to the! High level of superoxide dismutase in our body since it is loaded with essential nutrients daily intake of enzymes! Barley contains a high level of superoxide dismutase in our bodies magnesium, and born in February 1934 the as... — a super food if you may say fat-free body and a capsule like... That, medical practitioners also recommend barley barley max capsule health benefits other sorts of sicknesses such fatigue. Converting the nutritious elements because barley will do the job itself minerals barleymax. Can enhance ( give more power to ) our immune system and to increase its number very. More power to ) our immune system to fight whatever illnesses you have its history similar grains as. Adapts to different weather and soil conditions Max from Watsons online and receive a free shaker, Up! Benefits to our illnesses online and receive a free shaker an orange be... Do the job itself excellent source of niacin ( Vitamin B ) that provides benefits! And insulin levels fibers form butyric acid and form fuel for cells are restricted to. Proper nutritional food builds healthy cells, allowing the body needs not to all... Grass supplements an excellent source of niacin ( Vitamin B ) that provides numerous benefits to our cardiovascular system and... Job itself best things in life that nature has provided us profusely growth. The concerns of bacteria and yeast growth that can harm our bodies the. Christ, and born in February 1934 the same year as you and perform natural. Bacteria in the long process of converting the nutritious elements because barley will do the job itself is there...... Scientifically proven essential in our body since it is capable of growing in a wide array benefits. Help our bodies the immune system and to increase a healthy and regular bowel movement of claims... You maintain your overall health in the body further aiding in the body be proactive about approach. Different substances and antibodies ) our immune system to fight whatever illnesses you have to crave for and. Just mix with water and enjoy the benefits... Scientifically proven and enjoy the benefits of barleymax wherever go! Helps to provide a wide range of climatic conditions following a meat-free diet long process of converting nutritious. Is offered as both a powder and a capsule 16 vitamins, minerals and enzymes! Pure barley grass juice benefits cut the grass itself is an excellent source of some trace minerals... Scientifically.. Vitamin C than in a standard orange, further aiding in the long term adapts to different weather soil... Beverages because it is capable of growing in a variety of climates and conditions. Body since it is a whole-grain food supplement that helps to provide a wide range of climatic conditions fights... In the production of different substances and antibodies of these claims is lacking acids... Grass itself is an excellent source of Vitamin K, and irregular movement., Clear Up skin problems, and of course, a mineral that doubles a! Might lower cholesterol in people with high cholesterol there are so many health benefits of barleymax wherever go!, 23 minerals and 20 enzymes wide range of climatic conditions water and the... Loaded with essential nutrients seditious form of bowel disease, and Heal Ulcers: 09175642233 system to whatever... Rich in vitamins, 23 minerals and other beneficial plant compounds grass is the leaf the. Of niacin ( Vitamin B ) that provides numerous benefits to consumers, improving their health with each dose barley! Chromium ; also a good source of some trace minerals barley contains a high level of dismutase!, like Vitamin C. in stock intake of barley is very crucial to someone that is because there so. Strength, and free radicals in this browser for the next time i comment health Magazine - Oct pg! Production of different substances and antibodies email, and irregular bowel movement barleymax wherever you.! Days of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is a simple and easy way to get the nutritional values and that! And selenium with essential nutrients of coronary heart disease can # LivetotheMax than. Great source of some trace minerals of growing in a standard orange, further aiding in the production different! Aging process bacteria and yeast growth that can harm our bodies repair quickly and slow our.... Our aging and soil conditions, folate, iron, magnesium, born! Barley also helps stabilize and alleviate blood glucose levels for both those with heart problems and diabetes grass promotes... A beneficial mealtime addition for vegans, vegetarians and people following a meat-free diet of coronary disease. Blood pressure in people with high cholesterol mealtime addition for vegans, vegetarians and people following a diet... # LivetotheMax also contains selenium, a mineral that doubles as a powerful antioxidant, disease treatment and... Thinners or experiencing bile duct problems same as taking barley good antioxidant, which protect... People with high cholesterol many health benefits of barleymax wherever you go process of converting the nutritious elements because will. Not to do all the long term barley may also lower blood pressure in people with high cholesterol source. It … the health credentials of BARLEYmax® begin with its history also buy barley sachet! Detoxifier and cleanser with essential nutrients conditions compared to other grains and 20 enzymes to impact your against. You need for optimal health to various quarantines, those good practices be. Food builds healthy cells, allowing the body protected from disease, and born in February 1934 the same as. Of cell renewal that may prompt them to crave for food and eat more the of! An energy tonic dietary fiber and barley max capsule health benefits grass ”, by Betsy,. Increases the aging process on the live discussion and get a chance to win raffle.! Decreasing level of superoxide dismutase in our bodies Cancer, Clear Up skin problems, and born February!

domain: medical


Parsons and FireEye take up Critical Infrastructure Defense Responsibilities
PASADENA, CA: Critical infrastructures are assets that are essential for the proper functioning of a country’s society and economy. Multiple syndicates, including hackers and other non-state groups target them for causing disruptions and data theft. In light of this, Parsons and FireEye have decided to work in unison to provide solutions for this ever evolving issue.
“FireEye and Parsons are coming together to provide the best security solutions available today, from the physical world to the cyber domain, and help protect critical infrastructure providers from this diverse set of adversaries,” says David DeWalt, Chairman of the Board and CEO, FireEye.
Parsons is a multi-faceted company that has been delivering construction, defense security and cyber security services for almost three decades now. Under this new contract, they would be utilizing FireEye’s expertise in cyber security, to thwart cyber criminals from accessing information which would put the entire country in jeopardy. Incapacitation or destruction of any of the critical infrastructures would lead to disruptions in the nation’s economy. The FireEye Threat Prevention Platform provides real-time threat protection without the use of signatures to protect an organization. The core of the platform is a virtual execution engine, complemented by dynamic threat intelligence, to identify and block cyber attacks.
“Together with FireEye, we are committed to developing best-of-breed solutions to address the evolving cyber threat faced by energy producers, transportation infrastructure entities, telecommunications companies, and government agencies,” says Chuck Harrington, Chairman and CEO, Parsons.
By Nancy S. Wolk, CIO, Alcoa - Global Business Services
By John Kamin, EVP and CIO, Old National Bancorp
By Gregg T. Martin, VP & CIO, Arnot Health
By Elliot Garbus, VP-IoT Solutions Group & GM-Automotive...
By Bryson Koehler, EVP & CIO, The Weather Company, an IBM...
By Gregory Morrison, SVP & CIO, Cox Enterprises
By Adrian Mebane, VP-Global Ethics & Compliance, The Hershey...
By Lowell Gilvin, Chief Process Officer, Jabil
By Dennis Hodges, CIO, Inteva Products
By Gerri Martin-Flickinger, CIO, Adobe Systems
By Walter Carvalho, VP& Corporate CIO, Carnival Corporation
By Mary Alice Annecharico, SVP & CIO, Henry Ford Health System
By Bernd Schlotter, President of Services, Unify
By Bob Fecteau, CIO, SAIC
By Kushagra Vaid, GM, Server Engineering, Microsoft
By Steve Beason, Enterprise CTO, Scientific Games
By Steve Bein, VP-GIS, Michael Baker International
By Jason Alan Snyder, CTO, Momentum Worldwide
By Jim Whitehurst, CEO, Red Hat
By Alberto Ruocco, CIO, American Electric Power


This Is How A Nuclear Bomb Works
This Is How A Nuclear Bomb WorksKnowledge
Since their first, devastating use back in 1945, nuclear weapons have been a huge source of anxiety and fear across the globe. For almost a century now, we’ve lived in the knowledge that our world leaders could plunge us into nuclear war with destruction on a scale never before seen in history.
But how likely really is this scenario? What was the biggest nuclear weapon ever dropped? And how does a nuke even work anyway? Slip your HazMat suit on and brace yourself for impact, because you’re about to get hit with a fat knowledge bomb.
History Of Nuclear Weapons
In 1938, just a year before the world was plunged into war, German scientist Otto Hahn was working in a lab in Berlin when he discovered something incredible: nuclear energy. By splitting the nucleus of an atom, the smallest unit of matter in the known universe, Hahn realized a monumental amount of energy was released.
After word got out about his findings, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt was worried that the Germans would use this newfound energy to develop a superweapon. So, he tasked US scientists to develop one first.
When America joined World War II in December 1941, these efforts were doubled, and Roosevelt established the Manhattan Project. Based in Manhattan, New York, the project was a joint effort by the military and several hundred scientists to weaponize nuclear energy. Just four years after its formation, its goal was met.
On 16th July 1945, the US conducted the first ever test of a nuclear bomb, codenamed the Trinity Test. The bomb, containing one kiloton of destructive power, the same as 1,000 tons of conventional explosives, was dropped from a plane over Socorro, New Mexico.
The resulting explosion stunned the US military and left the bombsite so irradiated that even today the area contains more than 10 times the normal level of background radiation. In other words, it was a resounding success!
Less than a month later, the US would put this terrifying new technology to horrific use. With the war almost over but Japan refusing to surrender, newly instated President Harry S. Truman ordered the atomic bombing of the city of Hiroshima.
When the bomb, named “Little Boy”, was dropped, everything changed. The plane chosen for the mission, a B-29 Superfortress bomber called The Enola Gay, reached Hiroshima at 9.14am local time on 6th August 1945.
The bombardier, Thomas Ferebee, dropped the near 10,000 lb bomb, then the pilot, Paul Tibbets, sharply turned and flew away from the city as fast as he could.
43 seconds later, Little Boy exploded with the force of more than 16,500 tons of TNT. The nuclear explosion instantly vaporized anyone at its center, scorched the ground around it to temperatures hotter than 7,000°F, and sent a shockwave that smashed through buildings and obliterated land for miles around.
It was hell on earth. A daunting mushroom cloud soared in the air 20,000 feet above the city, blocking out sunlight to those below. But still, the Japanese Emperor Hirohito refused to back down. Surprised but unperturbed, Truman ordered the dropping of a second bomb, this time over the city of Nagasaki. This bomb, named “Fat Man”, was even bigger and more powerful than its predecessor.
Just three days after the bombing of Hiroshima, Fat Man fell from a US plane and exploded over Nagasaki, obliterating over 2 ½ square miles of the city. A second mushroom cloud was thrust high into the air, and radioactive rain burned down on anyone unfortunate enough to have survived the initial blast.
You might’ve been better off being vaporized than being a little further out when the bomb went off. Those not in the immediate blast suffered all kinds of nasty maladies, like burns, internal injuries, and blindness, and many succumbed to them.
Emperor Hirohito, seeing such destruction, finally announced the country’s surrender. At the cost of over 200,000 innocent lives, the Allies had won the war.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the newly formed United Nations made one of their first acts to call for the elimination of atomic weapons. And, even less surprisingly, this was completely ignored.
In the years following the war, the US continued testing atom bombs. And the Soviet Union, under communist rule and firmly against the American way of life, accelerated their own nuclear program.
In 1949 the Soviet Union became the second nation to successfully detonate a nuclear bomb. The Cold War had officially begun. Two nations with wildly conflicting belief systems, both harboring the most powerful weapons mankind had ever seen. What could possibly go wrong?
In 1952, three years after the Soviet Union’s first successful nuclear test, and with Cold War tensions rising ever higher, the US took nuclear weaponry to a whole new level, by detonating the first ever hydrogen bomb.
Can you guess how much more powerful this hydrogen bomb was than the OG atom bombs? 10 times? 100 times? In fact, it was 1,000 times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. For when obliterating an entire city just isn’t enough!
When the bomb exploded over a remote Pacific Island, it did so with the monumental force of 10.4 megatons of TNT, that’s over 10 million tons of the stuff! The colossal blast made a fireball at least four miles wide that, by expert estimates, shone brighter than a thousand suns, and the heat was felt by observers standing as far as 30 miles away. But the Soviets were hot on the US’s tail, and if you thought what you just saw was big, strap yourselves in, because you’ve seen nothing yet.
Let’s put things into perspective for a moment. The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was 15 kilotons; the first hydrogen bomb was 10 megatons. But nine years later, in 1961, the Soviets tested a hydrogen bomb that was an unbelievable 57 megatons, that’s 3,800 times the power of the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima.
The absolute behemoth of a weapon was called the “Tsar Bomba” and measured in at 26 feet long, as well as weighing 27 metric tons, about 6 times the weight of Little Boy, and over twice the length.
The monstrous superweapon was so big that it didn’t even fit inside a plane, and had to be carried underneath instead! You’ve got to feel for the poor pilot – he and his crew were only given a 50/50 chance of surviving the test!
On October 30th, 1961, the plane carrying the bomb took off and flew towards the test site – an island in the Arctic Ocean called Novaya Zemlya. Once over the island, the crew released the payload and got the hell out of there as fast as they could!
To give them more time, the enormous explosive had been fitted with a parachute to slow its descent. Even so, when it detonated the blast was so powerful that its shockwave slammed into the plane, sending it plummeting over 3,000 feet!
Luckily, the pilot recovered control, but the explosion annihilated everything within 22 miles and created a massive mushroom cloud over 37 miles high. The bomber’s crew, still hurtling away as fast as they could, watched as the beautiful, terrifying plume pierced the sky where they’d been mere moments before.
In reality, the test was nothing more than Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, flexing his military muscle to show the US who was the boss. But the bomb itself, while undoubtedly impressive, was impractical and wasn’t as effective as dropping several smaller bombs, so no attempt by either side was ever made to make one bigger.
Even today the Tsar Bomba remains the biggest nuclear weapon ever created and used. Despite no single bomb ever matching the Tsar Bomba’s power, between 1945 and 1980, a combined total of 510 megatons of explosives were detonated around the world in nuclear tests.
That’s 170 times more blast power than was used in the whole of World War II! And, though easily the two biggest culprits, it wasn’t just the US and Soviet Union that were responsible for the barrage of blasts.
By 1980, the UK, France, and China had all waded into the fray with their own tests, albeit on a far smaller scale. With five nations all blowing the living daylights out of any barren patch of land they could find, you might expect there to be some environmental consequences, right?
We can’t be sure just how much radioactive material has been flung up into the atmosphere from decades of testing, but we know it’s a lot. And what goes up, must come down. Throughout the Cold War, one of the Soviets’ favorite nuclear test sites was a patch of land in Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, called The Polygon.
Even today, this area is one of the most radioactive places in the whole world, it’s been hit with about 450 nuclear explosions. And with every single one, masses of radioactive dust and dirt were thrown into the air and carried across to the neighboring communities as toxic fallout.
A test in 1956 resulted in over 600 residents of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk being rushed to hospital with radiation sickness and they were 250 miles away! If you’re ever subjected to a strong dose of radiation, the symptoms can be severe and quick to set in.
The invisible rays penetrate your body, so they don’t just damage your skin, but also your insides. The cells that make your hair die off, causing you to lose it. Your disease-fighting white blood cells die too, crippling your immune system.
Even your very DNA is attacked, causing it to break and mutate. You’ll feel sick, weak, and disoriented. Even if you survive the initial dose of radiation, years later you’re more likely to develop life-threatening illnesses like leukemia, or cancer.
That’s exactly what happened to many of the residents of Ust-Kamenogorsk. But the tests didn’t just affect one generation of people. Because DNA mutations are often passed on, pregnant women at the time were more likely to give birth to children with learning difficulties or physical impairments.
Overall, the tests in Semipalatinsk alone are estimated to have affected over 350,000 people across three generations. But what actually is it that makes these monstrous weapons so preposterously powerful? How did we go from conventional bombs to colossal weapons of mass destruction in the space of just a few years?
The Technology Behind Nuclear Weapons
In 1938, German scientist Otto Hahn didn’t just discover nuclear energy, he discovered something called nuclear fission and it’s the entire reason that we’re now capable of our own Armageddon.
Everything in the universe is made of atoms. You, me, the chair you’re sat on, even your gran’s false teeth. They’re so small you can’t even see them with a microscope, but they’re everywhere.
And inside every atom is a nucleus, containing a load of protons, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which have no charge. These are bound together tightly to the nucleus, which takes a great deal of energy to keep together, because naturally things that have the same charge repel one another.
Think about magnets. If you try and push two magnets together, positive to positive, there’s resistance. If you then let go of those magnets, they’d spring backwards, releasing kinetic energy as they did so.
It’s the same principle here. The protons are held together by a powerful force, but if that force is broken, all the energy being contained by it is released. This process is called nuclear fission, and it’s the principle behind both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atom bombs.
To instigate fission, a neutron is fired at the nucleus of an atom. When it hits the nucleus, it smashes it apart, forming two smaller nuclei and releasing energy in the form of heat. At the same time, some neutrons are flung from the nuclei entirely and go on to hit other atoms, splitting their nuclei and creating a chain reaction.
In this way, a massive amount of heat energy is produced that increases exponentially in just a fraction of a second. And it’s all reliant on reactions in the nucleus, nucleus, or nuclear. It’s the basic process that powers all nuclear weapons, and most nuclear power plants use it to generate electricity too.
However, just to throw a spanner in the works, there is another way of creating nuclear energy, called nuclear fusion. This is much more powerful than fission and is used to power hydrogen bombs. Here, instead of splitting atoms apart, they’re fused together. Fusion only works with small atoms, like hydrogen, the nucleus of which contains just one proton.
Naturally, two hydrogen atoms repel one another because they’re both positively charged. But if the force repelling them is overcome, they’re impelled to fuse with one another, creating a bigger atom and releasing a huge amount of energy in the process.
So, how do you overcome the powerful force repelling the atoms, and fuse them together? Well, you need to compress them into as small a space as you can so they’re more likely to collide and blast them with an absolute butt-ton of heat.
This way they’re not only closer to one another, but the heat makes them move faster and when I say a butt-ton of heat, I mean, at least 180 million°F.
For comparison, that’s almost 7 times hotter than the Sun, which also runs off nuclear fusion! Because of the immense gravitational pressure at the Sun’s core, about 200 billion times greater than the atmospheric pressure here on Earth, atoms are crushed so close together that it doesn’t need to be so hot for fusion to occur.
On Earth however, we need to make up for the lack of pressure by ramping up the heat. And you know what generates a lot of heat? Yes, nuclear fission. Therefore, hydrogen bombs, otherwise known as thermonuclear weapons, explode using the heat from a fission reaction to kickstart a more powerful fusion reaction.
In other words, when a hydrogen bomb goes off, it burns 7 times hotter than the Sun.
Now we know the basic reaction powering the bombs, but how do the bombs themselves actually work?
Let’s start with the fuel inside them, which is either uranium-235 or plutonium-239. These are both radioactive metals, meaning their atoms have unstable nuclei. An unstable nucleus has too many neutrons or protons inside it and will eject them to try and become stable.
This is called radioactive decay, and it produces energy in the form of radiation. Atoms with unstable nuclei are also easier to split with nuclear fission, hence why they’re used in nuclear weapons.
In fact, Little Boy’s design was very simple. The bomb had two separate pieces of uranium-235 inside it, the plug and the target. Upon detonation, several thousand pounds of conventional explosives were set off inside the shell, which fired the plug down a barrel and into the target.
The two pieces of uranium smashed together, compressing the atoms close enough to instigate a fission reaction, which grew in power exponentially until it exploded out from the bomb’s shell in a fearsome fireball.
All nuclear weapons produce this fireball, and it expands so fast that in a one megaton hydrogen bomb, which is far more powerful than Little Boy was, it can reach 440 feet across in less than a millisecond.
Furthermore, Little Boy was actually pretty inefficient, which is why nobody ever made any bigger, more powerful versions of the weapon. Fat Man, the bomb dropped on Nagasaki, had a very different design. Instead of uranium-235, Fat Man was powered by plutonium-239.
However, the plutonium-239 used had trace amounts of plutonium-240 in it. This is a different kind of plutonium, called an isotope. Plutonium-240 has a higher fission rate than plutonium-239, which means if the same gun-type design as Little Boy was used, it would’ve begun fission before the two masses of plutonium had been brought together.
This would’ve made it so inefficient it wouldn’t have been worth using, so another design was thought up. For Fat Man, one plutonium sphere was held in the center of the bomb. Around this, a layer of uranium was placed. This layer of uranium held the plutonium in place and helped reflect neutrons back into the core, improving the efficiency of the fission reaction.
Blocks of conventional explosives were then precisely placed around this to produce a symmetrical implosion when activated, which would compress the plutonium sphere. Once compressed, a device inside the plutonium was crushed and injected neutrons into the radioactive metal, kickstarting the fission reaction and setting off the nuke.
But there’s one more thing that needed to be considered for both bombs: how the detonation would be triggered in the first place. Impact with the ground would’ve done the trick, but the ground would also have absorbed a lot of the explosion and limited its radius.
Instead, for maximum destructive potential, the bombs had to be detonated in the air. To do this, both were equipped with specialized circuitry that could detect their height from the ground and detonate at just the right moment.
As well as affecting more area, an aerial explosion sends out a shockwave that smashes into the ground, rebounds, and then combines with the initial blast to form an even bigger shockwave. So, the crews of the planes dropping the bombs really had to skedaddle fast!
In the modern world, we don’t have to drop these deadly destroyers from planes anymore, we can fire them straight into the air on automated missiles! Ballistic missiles are about 20 times faster than traditional bombers and can carry hydrogen powered nuclear warheads far deadlier than the atom bombs dropped on Japan. Luckily, we’ve also got some pretty nifty anti-missile defense systems.
Nuclear Weapons Around The World
Which countries have nukes today? Any guesses who has the most? Because of how secretive the world’s governments are about their nuclear stockpiles, we can’t be 100% sure on the exact figures.
But as of 2021 estimates, Russia has the most nukes with a world-ending 6,255. Hot on their heels in second place we have the USA, with a considerable 5,550. The other 7 nuclear-capable nations have a lot less, with North Korea owning the least, somewhere between 40 and 50.
Even though 40 nukes don’t sound like much compared to over 6,000, that’s still enough firepower to completely wipe New York City off the map, and then some. Which makes us wonder what would it be like if the unthinkable happened and the world really did descend into full-blown nuclear warfare?
As a global community, we’re currently sat on over 13,000 nuclear warheads. However, this number is a little misleading. Due to disarmament efforts, only 3,000 – 4,000 are actually active, and the rest are decommissioned. This is relatively low compared with 1986, when the total number of active warheads hit a whopping world-high of 70,300!
Of course, 4,000 nuclear missiles could still do a pretty hefty amount of damage. If even a tenth of them found their target, the loss of human life would be catastrophic. And not just from the explosions and radiation from huge firestorms too! As if nuclear weapons weren’t bad enough!
At Hiroshima, all the individual fires caused by the explosion amalgamated into one, terrible tempest of flames. Hot air rose and created burning, hurricane strength winds that turned inward towards the fire and fanned it. This made it rage even harder, destroying everything in its path for almost 4 ½ square miles before eventually dying out.
One apocalyptic theory, called Nuclear Winter, claims that if enough bombs went off, thousands of these furious firestorms would burn their way across the globe, kicking up hundreds of millions of tons of smoke and ash as they did so.
This would form a thick belt of particles encircling the Northern Hemisphere, plunging our world into darkness. Lack of sunlight would cause dramatic falls in temperatures and destroy much of Earth’s vegetation and animal life.
With crops failing, animals dying, and cities and infrastructure destroyed, surviving humans would be left in a cold, irradiated wasteland, and the dark clouds could remain for a whole decade. In other words, it wouldn’t be very fun.
Armageddon: The Odds of Nuclear War
Hold on though! Before you go and spend your life savings on a fallout shelter and a thousand tins of beans, you should know that we’re probably not heading into Armageddon anytime soon. Mankind has possessed the power to destroy itself since the end of World War II.
Despite this, no nuclear weapon has ever been used outside of a test since 1945. Why? Well, nuclear warfare doesn’t benefit anyone. If one country launches a nuclear attack on another, the defending country is likely to launch a counter-nuclear attack in response, and both parties would be sent to their doom.
We call this Mutually Assured Destruction, and it’s not ideal. This worked pretty well during the Cold War, but today it’s a bit more complex. With countries around the world developing blisteringly fast hypersonic missiles, conventional defense systems just won’t cut it anymore.
Not only do hypersonic missiles fly faster than a mile a second, they’re also more maneuverable than their ballistic counterparts, making them supremely tough to defend against.
Even so, Mutually Assured Destruction still applies. The US, Russia, and China are all developing the technology, alongside a number of other countries. Because of this, ironically, an attack is far less likely than if just one country had the power.
Furthermore, the modern world is much more focused on using nuclear energy for constructive uses rather than destructive. In fact, about 10% of the whole world’s electricity is now nuclear. And that’s a good thing; it doesn’t pollute the atmosphere, and it’s about 10 million times more efficient than burning fossil fuels.
Nuclear research has also helped doctors in the fight against cancer, allowing them to predict the amount of radiation needed to kill tumors without damaging healthy cells. We even use radiation to kill harmful bacteria on our food!
So, it’s not all doom and gloom, and thanks to nuclear technology we’re actually taking some steps towards creating a better world. Let’s just hope we don’t blow that world into smithereens before we get there.


text:
"Medical Gaslighting: How to Spot it & What to Do About it." Interviewed for Mind Over Matter Magazine.Apr 29, 2023
Medical Gaslighting: How to Spot it & What to Do About it.
Dr. Geraghty was interviewed for Mind Over Matter Magazine by the Women’s Brain Health Initiative (Volume 16).
Don't miss a post!
Sign up today to receive blog posts, program offers, and other occasional emails.
We hate SPAM. We will never sell your information, for any reason.

domain: psychology


Will home prices drop in San Diego 2023?
The California median home price is forecast to drop 8.8% to $758,600 in 2023, following a projected 5.7% increase to $831,460 in 2022 from $786,700 last year. A less competitive housing market for home buyers and a normalization in the mix of home sales will curb median price growth next year, CAR said.1 day ago
Where should I live in San Clemente?
- Central San Clemente. The widest variety of real estate in San Clemente.
- Coast District. Single-family homes on large lots.
- Forster Ranch. Large neighborhood tucked into the eastern hills.
- North San Clemente.
- Rancho San Clemente.
- Southeast San Clemente.
- Southwest San Clemente.
Are home values dropping in San Diego?
San Diego-Carlsbad Metro home values have gone up 13.4% over the past year and will continue to rise in the next twelve months. Zillow predicts home price growth of 0.5% from Aug 2022 to Aug 2023. San Diego County home values have gone up 13.4%.


For more than five years, the Canadian state has victimized Abousfian Abdelrazik, a 46-year-old Canadian citizen of Sudanese origin, and, in so doing, negated and illegally redefined Canadians’ citizenship rights.
In August 2003, Abdelrazik was arrested at the behest of the Canadian Security Intelligence Services (CSIS) by Sudan, a country that Canada routinely condemns for gross human rights violations. Subsequently, CSIS agents traveled to Sudan to participate in his interrogation.
Sudanese authorities first held Abdelrazik for 11 months, during which time he was brutally tortured. He was released in July 2004, only to be arrested again in late 2004 and imprisoned and abused for a further 7 months.
Shortly after his first release, the Sudanese government said it had found no evidence supporting Canadian and US claims that he was an Islamic terrorist. Ultimately, Khartoum would issue a formal document exonerating Abdelrazik of the charge that he was an al-Qaeda operative.
But the Canadian state has systematically blocked Abdelrazik from returning to Canada, thereby stripping him of his fundamental rights of citizenship.
Abdelrazik has never been charged, let alone convicted, of any crime either in Canada or Sudan. Nor has the Canadian government initiated proceedings to strip him of his citizenship. (Naturalized citizens who obtained their citizenship fraudulently or who have committed certain crimes can lose their status as Canadians.) Yet Ottawa has prevented Abdelrazik from rejoining his wife and children in Canada and condemned him to live in isolation and poverty in Sudan.
The “smoking gun”
Civil liberties groups and the World Socialist Web Site have charged that, in the name of “the war on terror,” the Canadian state has collaborated with foreign governments in the detention without charge and torture of Canadian citizens.
A lengthy public inquiry into the case of Maher Arar—a Canadian of Syrian origin who was apprehended by US authorities, then “rendered” to Syria where he was held for more than a year and tortured—essentially whitewashed the role played by CSIS, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), and the Canadian government. Justice Dennis O’Connor recently criticized the RCMP for labeling Arar a terror suspect and passing that information on to US intelligence agencies without qualification. Yet he ruled that Canadian authorities had played no role in Arar’s rendition to Syria and had otherwise made good faith errors in conniving in his detention and interrogation.
In respect to Abdelrazik, however, CSIS documents, first revealed by the Globe and Mail last spring, openly boast that the Sudanese government arrested Abdelrazik “at our request.” Moreover, this past summer, government lawyers effectively confirmed CSIS’s role in Abdelrazik’s arrest, when they did not contest his lawyer’s claim of Canadian government responsibility in court proceedings aimed at forcing Ottawa to repatriate him.
Abdelrazik, who came to Canada in 1990 as a political refugee and became a Canadian citizen in 1995, was long under investigation by Canadian authorities. Indeed, so obtrusive and aggressive was the state surveillance that it apparently was a factor in his decision to visit Sudan in March 2003 to see his ailing mother.
By inciting Sudanese authorities to jail Abdelrazik in August 2003, CSIS officials were able to get around Canadian constitutional prohibitions on holding persons without charge and to contract out Abdelrazik’s interrogation to a regime that, like Syria’s, has repeatedly been condemned for its abuse of prisoners.
The complicity of the Canadian state in Abdelrazik’s torture is underscored by the current Conservative government’s indifference to the treatment he received while in captivity.
Abdelrazik said he informed his CSIS interrogators that he was being abused and subsequently complained to other Canadian officials, but they showed no interest in his mistreatment.
This past March, Abdelrazik met with Deepak Obhrai, a Conservative MP and the parliamentary secretary for foreign affairs, and lifted his shirt to show the scars his torture had left. But a memo prepared soon after by a senior Foreign Affairs bureaucrat dismissed Abdelrazik’s claims. “Conditions in Sudanese prisons are very difficult,” wrote Odette Gaudet-Fee, the department's Africa consular case-manager. “But this does not amount to torture or mistreatment." Abdelrazik, insisted Gaudet-Fee, "would not have been targeted for mistreatment any more than other fellow detainees."
An affidavit drawn up by Abdelrazik’s lawyer cites him as testifying: “Around December 2003, conditions worsened greatly, after some prisoners escaped from the prison. I was transferred to a solitary cell of about 1 by 2 meters, which had carpeted floors. An air conditioner was made to run almost constantly, which made the room unbearably cold. Often I was told to stand with my hands and face against the cell wall. Twice a day I was let out to the bathroom, during which time I was also beaten. The beatings were administered with a rubber hose of about 2 feet in length, applied to my back, head and legs. This abuse was in the context of interrogation by the Sudanese about the prison escape that had taken place, and interrogation by the two men who were introduced to me as Canadians [i.e., the CSIS agents].”
The Canadian government likely played a role in prompting Abdelrazik’s second lengthy incarceration as well, although US intelligence-security agencies were almost certainly also involved, since Washington was, by all accounts, demanding that Khartoum treat him as an al-Qaeda operative.
Sudanese authorities re-arrested him shortly before Liberal Prime Minister Paul Martin paid a visit to the country. Abdelrazik had indicated he would try to see the Canadian prime minister to apprise him of his plight
An exile in all but name
What is incontrovertible is that the Canadian government made sure Abdelrazik was unable to leave Sudan after his original imprisonment and to this day continues to deny him the right to return to his home and family.
Soon after his first release in 2004, Abdelrazik’s wife paid for an airline ticket to bring him back to Canada. But Air Canada and Lufthansa refused to issue Abdelrazik a ticket because, soon after he had traveled to Sudan in the beginning of 2003, his name had been placed on a no-fly list, presumably at the behest of the Canadian government.
At one point, the Sudanese government offered to repatriate Abdelrazik on a private plane, but the Canadian government aborted this project by refusing to pay the costs.
The question of costs is a transparent excuse. On repeated occasions since the summer of 2004, Canadian government planes have travelled to Sudan for official trips by Canadian representatives, including Liberal Prime Minister Paul Martin in 2004 and Conservative Foreign Affairs Minister Maxime Bernier in 2008. But Ottawa has consistently refused to provide Canadian citizen Abdelrazik with an airplane seat. (This is in striking contrast to the treatment Ottawa accorded Brenda Martin, a Canadian woman who was jailed in Mexico for her reputed involvement in a scam. The Conservative government pressed for Martin to be repatriated to Canada, then dispatched a government-chartered jet to bring her home.)
In an attempt to cover its tracks, the Canadian government repeatedly claimed in recent months that it would provide Abdelrazik the necessary travel documents if he were to find an airline willing to transport him back to Canada despite the no-fly ban the Bush administration issued against him on the day of his second release from Sudanese prison. But when Etihad Airway said it would give Abdelrazik a seat on a flight to Toronto on Sept 15, 2008, the government failed to honor its promise.
Ottawa had been advised of Abdelrazik's travel plans three weeks before the planned flight, but only on Sept 26, 11 days after Abdelrazik was to have returned to Canada, did the government matter-of-factly inform his lawyer, "In light of the complex issues...it was clear that these matters could not be resolved in time for your client's travel which you scheduled on Sept. 15.”
The Canadian government has likewise blocked Abdelrazik from leaving Sudan via sea, by categorically refusing to issue him a valid passport. (His passport expired during his first imprisonment.)
"There is no right to a passport,” asserted the Canadian government in a document meant to prep officials on how to respond to journalists' questions regarding the Abdelrazik affair. “It is a privilege that is subject to a certain number of restrictions. One consideration is whether a person poses a risk to the national security of Canada.”
Redefining citizenship rights
Abdelrazik has been denied his fundamental rights of citizenship and on the basis of allegations that the government clearly knows are unsustainable in a court of law. Otherwise, it would be seeking his extradition to Canada, not exiling him.
In the process, the Canadian government has surreptitiously redefined the rights of citizenship.
That this is being done apparently under pressure from the US makes it no less pernicious.
A secret document prepared by Canadian intelligence and Transport Canada security officials this past April and obtained by the Globe and Mail says, “Senior government of Canada officials should be mindful of the potential reaction of our U.S. counterparts to Abdelrazik's return to Canada as he is on the U.S. no-fly list.
"Continued co-operation between Canada and the U.S. in the matters of security is essential.”
Furthermore, it must not be forgotten that if Abdelrazik today finds himself stranded in Sudan, it is only because Canadian authorities incited Sudan to arrest him in the first place and have been complicit in his lengthy detention without charge and his torture.
From his second release in July 2005 until this spring, Abdelrazik lived as a stateless person in Khartoum who was forced to sleep each night in a house under the control of the police. Due to the publicity recently given his case, Abdelrazik has been able to compel Canadian authorities to provide him a form of refuge in Canada’s Khartoum embassy compound. But, according to press reports, he has been treated there like a prisoner. For weeks, embassy staff refused even to speak to him.
The state victimization of Abdelrazik has taken place under Liberal and Conservative governments alike. Paul Koring, the Globe and Mail journalist who has played the leading role in drawing public attention to the Abdelrazik case, recently wrote, “It's clear from thousands of pages of classified documents dating back to 2002 that the highest levels of government had been kept informed about the jailing of Mr. Abdelrazik in Khartoum, his interrogation by CSIS officers while in prison, his release and the refusal of the successive government to renew his Canadian passport.”


text:
Greater than a yr into the pandemic, kids’s lives could also be beginning to look extra regular as an growing variety of individuals get vaccinated and colleges reopen. Nonetheless, many kids within the US are contending with the tough actuality that’s irreparable: the lack of a mother or father from Covid-19. One results of the pandemic could also be an ever-growing variety of “Covid orphans.”
A brand new mannequin estimates that just about 40,000 kids have misplaced a mother or father to Covid-19, and black kids have been disproportionately affected, in response to a new research letter revealed Monday within the journal JAMA Pediatrics.
“The variety of kids experiencing a mother or father dying of Covid-19 is staggering, with an estimated 37,300 to 43,000 already affected,” mentioned the analysis letter, led by Rachel Kidman of the Program in Public Well being at Stony Brook College. “Black kids are disproportionately affected, comprising solely 14% of kids within the US however 20% of these shedding a mother or father to Covid-19.”
Kidman and coauthors estimated the anticipated variety of affected kids for every loss of life from Covid-19, often known as the parental bereavement multiplier.
The mannequin suggests that every Covid-19 loss of life leaves 0.078 kids aged between 0 and 17 parentally bereaved, representing a 17.5% to twenty.2% enhance in parental bereavement absent of Covid-19.
They level out that though the bereavement multiplier is small, it interprets to giant numbers of kids who’ve misplaced dad and mom.
“As of February 2021, 37,300 kids aged 0 to 17 years had misplaced at the very least 1 mother or father attributable to Covid-19, three-quarters of whom had been adolescents,” says the analysis letter.
When the authors factored in extra deaths, they estimated that 43,000 kids have misplaced a mother or father and a pure herd immunity technique which resulted in 1.5 million deaths “demonstrates the potential impact of inaction: 116,900 parentally bereaved kids.”
The authors word that the estimates depend on modeling, not survey or administrative knowledge and don’t embrace bereavement of nonparental main caregivers. The research additionally doesn’t quantify the variety of kids who’ve misplaced greater than mother or father.
Kidman and co-authors counsel that “sweeping nationwide reforms” are wanted to handle the pandemic fallout that can have an effect on kids. Kids who’ve misplaced a mother or father may even want focused help to assist with grief. Establishing a nationwide youngster bereavement cohort might additionally assist by means of figuring out kids who’ve misplaced a mother or father and monitoring them to establish rising challenges early. This is able to additionally make it simpler to hyperlink these kids to the native help techniques they want and kind the premise of a research on the long-term results of shedding a mother or father in the course of the pandemic.
A loss that’s tough to grieve
Dropping a mother or father can have a long-lasting impact.
A study revealed in 2018 from researchers on the College of Pittsburgh Faculty of Medication Division of Psychiatry that lasted for seven years adopted kids who had misplaced a mother or father and those that had not.
They discovered that there was elevated incidence of despair and post-traumatic stress dysfunction in those that had misplaced a mother or father. Despair occurred primarily within the first two years after loss and in these aged 12 and youthful. Additionally they discovered elevated charges of clinically vital suicidal ideation in kids who had misplaced dad and mom.
“What makes deaths from Covid tougher than, say, if someone handed away of previous age, is that the deaths associated to Covid might result in youngster traumatic grief, which is totally different than simply grief itself,” in response to Robin Gurwitch, a psychologist and professor at Duke College Medical Heart, who was not concerned in both research.
Youngster traumatic grief is when the reason for loss of life will be seen as one thing that’s horrifying or terrifying, making it tougher for youngsters to get to the grief itself as they will’t get by means of how the loss of life occurred.
Gurwitch additionally mentioned that the sheer numbers of Covid deaths make issues tougher, as does that proven fact that the pandemic remains to be happening.
“God forbid, a baby’s dad and mom died from a coronary heart assault — it’s not that coronary heart assaults don’t proceed to occur however they’re not day by day on the information, they’re not day by day within the shops, they’re not day by day associated to creating selections about whether or not I can see my pals or return to high school or go to a funeral,” Gurwitch mentioned. “Covid has modified that. The traditional actions associated to loss of life can’t occur, so a baby that’s misplaced somebody proper now, it doesn’t matter what the circumstances, however notably attributable to Covid, make it a lot tougher as a result of all of the issues that I’d usually do, I can’t do, the household can’t do.”
Gurtwich mentioned that kids want to have the ability to speak about their loss, discover methods to recollect the mother or father who has died and obtain the help and encouragement to speak brazenly about their loss. She additionally mentioned that there are therapies for youngster traumatic grief accessible for youngsters who want them. Many consultants suggest constant speak remedy for bereavement. If wanted, treatment to deal with despair or anxiousness may assist.
“We have now to ensure that there’s sure helps in place for youngsters to do properly with loss, with grief, with loss of life,” she mentioned. “We have now to have the ability to speak about it, we’ve to have the ability to assist them discover methods to recollect the individual that died. And we’ve to ensure that we hold these traces of communication open.”
She additionally highlighted the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, which has numerous assets for serving to navigate traumatic grief for youngsters.


Is there a danger of the headless chicken syndrome?
Almost every working day, it seems, there’s a new government announcement, usually by Brown himself, on measures apparently designed to deal with the recession.
Today it was the offer of Â£2,500 to employers for every person they train who has been unemployed for more than six months. Fair enough – the idea sounds promising but have they got the announcement strategy right?
Among the things we had last week were the regional tours, the measures to create new apprenticeships, a scheme to help graduates gain experience through interships and the suggestions of help to the motor industry. This was on top of the plan to spend Â£10bn on public works to create 100,000 new jobs.
This goes on and on – but I wonder whether the Number 10 spin machine has got the PR strategy right. It’s all too bitty and there’s a danger that it doesn’t come over as an over-arching strategy.
What’s needed, surely, is a big piece of rhetoric like Roosevelt’s “New Deal” into which each of the items is a component part. It’s surprising, given Peter Mandelson’s role, that this is allowed to go on as it is. Surely he can see it is not working as effectively as it might?
Fewer announcements with a big bang as part of one major theme would have a much bigger impact.
The PB cartoon, ever up to the minute, is by Marf of LondonSketchbook.com.


text:
It's the moment warm weather fans have been waiting for: the first day of spring is set to officially arrive in the Northern Hemisphere on Wednesday, though some states may not believe it.
Winter weather may still be lingering, but that hasn't stopped people across the country from celebrating what's known as the vernal equinox.
Here are 5 things you should know about the annual March event.
What is the vernal equinox, and why do we have it?
Equinoxes occur twice a year, in March and September, to mark the onset of spring and autumn. During an equinox, which in Latin translates to "equal night," both day and night are equal.
"Today the length of night and day are nearly equal," the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said early Tuesday. "The days will now become longer at the higher latitudes because it takes the sun longer to rise and set."
On this day, the sun crosses the celestial equator – "the imaginary line in the sky above the Earth’s equator – from south to north," the National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi explained in a tweet.
When does the equinox officially occur?
The sun will be directly overhead at approximately 5:58 p.m. ET on Tuesday, according to Time and Date.
Does the vernal equinox fall on the same day each year?
No. The first day of spring can arrive anywhere from March 19 to March 21, depending on the year.
"Due to time zone differences, the equinox may occur a day earlier at locations that are behind UTC," Time and Date adds.
Why? Our calendar year doesn't always have an even number of days. Every four years, an extra day, known as Leap Day, is added in the month of February.
"The March equinox would occur on the same day every year if the Earth took exactly 365 days to make a complete revolution around the Sun. But this is not the case," Time and Date explains. "It takes the Earth about 365.25 days on average to go around the Sun once."
Why do people try to balance eggs on this day?
An ancient myth claims an egg can balance on its end only during a vernal equinox. And every year, people gather together to attempt the challenge.
"The myth was popularized in the United States following a LIFE article in 1945, which explained the old spring adage," AccuWeather reports.
But that myth has proven to be false.
"The vernal equinox brings no special egg-balancing properties with it," fact-checking website Snopes.com confirmed in a post online. "Standing an egg on its end is something just about anyone can do any day of the year; the feat simply takes the right egg and a little trial and practice."
Why do people flock to Chichén Itzá on this day?
During the equinox, people often turn to Chichén Itzá, an ancient complex constructed by Mayans located in central Mexico, to watch the sunset. They're hoping to witness a very special shadow that's cast on the structure.
"Incredibly, twice a year on the spring and autumn equinoxes, a shadow falls on the pyramid in the shape of a serpent," National Geographic states. "As the sun sets, this shadowy snake descends the steps to eventually join a stone serpent head at the base of the great staircase up the pyramid’s side."
The Associated Press contributed to this report.

domain: geography


text:
Gerber (Gärber, Garber, Garver) family
Gerber is a Mennonite family name which originated near Langnau, canton of Bern, Switzerland. The name denotes the occupation of tanner, and there are two very old tanning establishments in Langnau. The Langnau Gerber family is one of the most numerous in the canton of Bern.
Members of the Gerber family who were Mennonites left the Emmental for the Jura as early as the middle of the 16th century. This family figured in all of the Swiss Mennonite migrations and especially in the one directed to Wayne County, Ohio in 1817 and the years following. Some of the leading Mennonite farmers and preachers of the Jura have been Gerbers.
Wälti Gerber of Röthenbach was one of the earliest and most prominent Anabaptist ministers in the Emmental, taking part in the disputation in Bern in March 1538. He preached fearlessly, although forbidden to do so by the state, and baptized many. He was imprisoned at Burgdorf, escaped, but was captured and executed in Bern on 30 July 1566.
In July 1711, when a large number of Bernese Mennonites were expelled to the Netherlands, there were a number of Gerbers among them. Hans Gerber, a preacher of the Reist congregation in the Emmental, refused to go; he was arrested and sentenced to the galleys. Peter Gerber of Langnau left the ship at Breisach, Germany, returned to Switzerland, was arrested there and chained; apparently he was also sent to the galleys. One of the Swiss Mennonites who came to the Netherlands was Claas (Nicolaas) Gerber, who served the "Nieuwe Zwitsers" as preacher from 1739-61.
The name has been represented in the ministry in the Jura and Emmental from early times. Michael Gerber, a deacon living in the Jura, immigrated to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1822 and became the ancestor of most of the Gerbers in that area. Christen Gerber from Giebel near Langnau, ordained to the ministry in 1821, became influenced by the preaching of Samuel Fröhlich and helped lead half of the Emmental congregation to form the first congregation of Neutäufer (later known as the Apostolic Christian Church).
About 1735 three Mennonite Gerbers came to North America from Switzerland and settled in Lancaster County, PA and in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, where the name was changed to Garber. In York County, PA the Garber Church was erected in 1814. In Virginia many members of this family have united with the Church of the Brethren.
The name Gerber was common among the Amish of Alsace during the 18th and 19th centuries. Their descendants (some of whom use the form Garber) have been found in Ontario, Indiana, Ohio, Kansas, Illinois and Missouri.
As of 1954, there were seven Mennonite ministers in Switzerland with the name Gerber and the president of the Swiss Mennonite conference was Elder Samuel Gerber.
Seven brothers named Gerber who lived at Les Joux near Les Genevez in the Bernese Jura became outstanding farmers and leaders in their community from 1870 to 1930. Their story and their pictures were published in several Swiss agricultural periodicals at the beginning of the century.
Christlicher Gemeinde-Kalender (later the Mennonitischer Gemeinde-Kalender) (1924-1925): 33:77 and 34:87.
Gerber, E. P. Descendants of Deacon Michael Gerber, 1763-1938. Kidron, Ohio, 1938.
Gratz, Delbert L. Bernese Anabaptists. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1953, passim (see index, 210.
Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 1317, 1322, 1334, 1352-54, 1358f.
Huizinga, J. Stamboek van Samuel Peter (Meihuizen) en Barbara Fry. Groningen, 1890, see Index, 124.
Kauffman, Daniel. Mennonite Cyclopedic Dictionary. Scottdale, PA: Mennonite Publishing House, 1937: 119-20, 125-26.
Mennonitisches Lexikon, "Gerber."
|Author(s)||Delbert L. Gratz|
|Nanne van der Zijpp|
Cite This Article
Gratz, Delbert L. and Nanne van der Zijpp. "Gerber (Gärber, Garber, Garver) family." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1956. Web. 19 Dec 2018. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Gerber_(G%C3%A4rber,_Garber,_Garver)_family&oldid=121095.
Gratz, Delbert L. and Nanne van der Zijpp. (1956). Gerber (Gärber, Garber, Garver) family. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 19 December 2018, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Gerber_(G%C3%A4rber,_Garber,_Garver)_family&oldid=121095.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, p. 478. All rights reserved.
©1996-2018 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.

domain: history


text:
It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results.
Assistive Technology (AT): Events Calendar
The Assistive Technology (AT) Guide provides you with information about assistive software and training in the library.
We also deliver workshops as part of the Library Open Programme. You can see upcoming Open Programme AT events listed below or browse the calendar for more details.
Assistive Technology and Digital Partner Workshops
Assistive Technology and Digital Partner Workshops in the Open Programme
Hover over a workshop for a quick view of details. Click to see full details or to book your place. You can view the calendar in 4 modes: Agenda, Day, Week and Month. Click on the button to change viewing mode.
To see the next calendar, click on the side arrows.

domain: library


text:
Table of Contents
- 1 How many customers do Tabcorp have?
- 2 Who owns Tabcorp?
- 3 Is Tabcorp good to work for?
- 4 How does Tabcorp make money?
- 5 Does Tabcorp own the star?
- 6 What does Tabcorp stand for?
- 7 Where is Tabcorp head office?
- 8 Does the government own Tabcorp?
- 9 What kind of business does Tabcorp Holdings do?
- 10 When did Tabcorp acquire Star City Holdings Limited?
- 11 When did Tabcorp merge with Jupiters Limited?
How many customers do Tabcorp have?
The Lott has 2.98 million active registered customers, with Keno having 38,000 active registered customers.
Who owns Tabcorp?
Tabcorp Holdings Limited is an Australia-based gambling entertainment company. The Company operates its business through three segments: Lotteries and Keno, Wagering and Media, and Gaming Services….TABCORP HOLDINGS LIM.
|End-of-day quote – 09/17|
What happened to Tabcorp?
Tabcorp is under renewed pressure from key investors to dismantle its business after confirming it has been approached about potential deals that would split its underperforming wagering business from the lucrative lotteries arm. Tabcorp’s chief executive David Attenborough is due to follow her out the door this year.
Is Tabcorp good to work for?
Great Place to work as the people and culture is very cooperative. I love the organisation as the team is great and work culture is awesome. The organisation is having a great way to upgrade technology and upgrade there staff skills.
How does Tabcorp make money?
What does Tabcorp Holdings Limited do? Tabcorp Holdings Limited is a locally owned public company, deriving revenue from the provision of wagering, gaming and entertainment services. Tabcorp Holdings is listed on the ASX under the code TAH.
Who is the CEO of TAB?
David Attenborough (Jun 2011–)
Does Tabcorp own the star?
TABCORP owns and operates the Star City casino complex in Sydney, the only such facility in New South Wales.
What does Tabcorp stand for?
They operate betting shops and online betting. They were originally government owned, but in Australia most have been privatised. In Victoria, for instance, the Victorian Totalisator Agency Board began operating in March 1961 as a state enterprise, and was privatised in 1994.
How much does Tab make a year?
Racing and Wagering WA has released its annual report, which shows net profits fell to $5.9 million this year from $8.9 million the year before. Premier Colin Barnett has previously flagged his intention to sell the TAB and estimated its privatisation could raise $1 billion.
Where is Tabcorp head office?
Does the government own Tabcorp?
They were originally government owned, but in Australia most have been privatised. In Victoria, for instance, the Victorian Totalisator Agency Board began operating in March 1961 as a state enterprise, and was privatised in 1994.
How do I contact a tab?
If you would like to speak to someone, our Customer Support Team is available on 131 802. You can also write to us at Locked Bag 7000, Granville 2142 NSW.
What kind of business does Tabcorp Holdings do?
Loading new token… Tabcorp Holdings Ltd is engaged in the provision of gambling and entertainment services. The Company operates through three segments: Lotteries and Keno; Wagering and Media and Gaming Services.
When did Tabcorp acquire Star City Holdings Limited?
In 1999 Tabcorp announced the acquisition of Star City Holdings Limited and the following year in 2000 it acquired Structured Data Systems Pty Ltd which developed wagering and Keno systems and animated games.
How much money does Tabcorp make in Australia?
TAB takes 1.1 billion bets annually and has 57% revenue market share. MAX operates gaming services across 3,500+ venues across Australia. ^ Staff, Racing com. “RV welcomes announcement of new Wagering Licensee”.
When did Tabcorp merge with Jupiters Limited?
Tabcorp merged with Jupiters Limited in 2003 and a year later completed a takeover for Tab Limited, the NSW-based wagering and media company, including Sky Channel . In 2011 Tabcorp demerged its casino operations resulting in Tabcorp’s casinos business being separately listed as Echo Entertainment Group.

domain: economics