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Restoration of a deteriorating forest road and the construction of a wooden lookout tower in order to protect 1500 ha of forest from forest fires.
Projects & Practice
Producers in Scotland saw the opportunity to link together their activities to encourage greater visitor numbers to rural destinations by creating a network of artisan chocolatiers.
A project to enhance the facilities on a geological site, enable new visitor-based activities and attract more visitors who will spend more time in the area.
The GrowBiz approach to enterprise support is based on building long-term relationships with businesses and encouraging them to connect, collaborate, share and network with other enterprises in their local community and further afield.
A company that was focused on field crops diversified its activities by setting up a business incubator to boost the economic development of an area with high unemployment.
A historic Chateau was restored to its initial state and turned into one of the most modern wine-producing facilities in Slovakia.
Support from the rural development programme for England enabled an entrepreneur to upgrade his ales brewing business.
A bakery company producing high quality traditional bakery products used support from the rural development programme to modernise and expand its production capacity.
In response to the increasing number of tourists, a small accommodation provider used RDP support to increase the capacity of his business and set up leisure activities.

domain: economics


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Today a movie is incomplete it doesn’t have a Punjabi number in it! Agree? Mostly known for their singing Punjabi singers also showed their acting skills and that too at the big platform, Bollywood. Here are some of the famous Punjabi singers who worked as actors in the Bollywood films. However, most them failed to impress the audience with their acting.
1) Diljit Dosanjh
Diljit Dosanjh is a Punjabi actor, singer, television presenter and social media celebrity who works in Punjabi and Hindi cinema. He debuted in Bollywood as an actor with blockbuster Udta Punjab and even won Filmfare Award for it. The audience appreciated him as an actor too. His second film was Phillauri with Anushka Sharma, however, it didn’t perform well at the box office. But Diljit’s Dosanjh’s acting career didn’t affect. He is all set to come on the silver screen again with his upcoming flick Welcome to New York co-starring Sonakshi Sinha and Karan Johar.
2) Gurdas Maan
The legendary Punjabi singer is considered one of the most notable figures in the world of Punjabi music. He has done a number of Punjabi films. For his Bollywood movies like Zindagi Khoobsoorat Hai opposite Tabbu, he got mixed reviews for his acting skills.
3) Gippy Grewal
Known for top-notch singing, Grewal is one of the fine actors of Punjabi cinema too. But he failed to impress Hindi audience with his acting when he starred opposite Govinda’s daughter Tina Ahuja in the film Second Hand Husband.
4) Mika Singh
Mika Singh is known for his notorious social outings just as much as his foot-tapping Punjabi numbers. He acted in movies like ‘Mitti’, ‘The Film Love.Com’, ‘Loot’ and ‘Balwinder Singh… Famous Ho Gaya’, etc. However, what concerns us is that the Punjabi lad is undeterred by the viewers’ response and by no means looks in a mood to hang his acting boots anytime soon.

domain: celebrity


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A New Group of 20 Multidisciplinary Athletes, Including Four Returning Fan-Favorites, Prepare to Join the New Season to Fight for the Coveted Title of Exatlón Champion
Tommy Ramos, Karely López, Jesús “Chuy” Almada and Dennhi Callú Are Back for the New Season
MIAMI, FL – December 19, 2019 – Telemundo’s Exatlón Estados Unidos is coming back reloaded for its fourth season, set to premiere on Monday, January 20th at 7pm/6c. This new season, the impressive and multidisciplinary roster of participants will include four fan-favorites from past seasons returning to the obstacle courses to join a new group of athletes for a shot at receiving the title and grand prize of US$200,000. The additional 16 contestants will be announced soon. The audience and fans of the show can keep up with the latest news about Exatlón on Facebook.com/ExatlonEstadosUnidos, Instagram @Telemundo and Twitter @ExatlonTVEEUU.
MEET THE FAN-FAVORITES RETURNING TO EXATLON
First Season – Celebrity Team
Tommy Ramos is a Puerto Rican Olympic gymnast who showed outstanding skills on the rings representing Puerto Rico in the 2012 Olympic games. Ramos quickly became one of the fan-favorites during the first season of Exatlón thanks to his athletic abilities, speed, strength, charisma and team spirit.
Second Season – Celebrity Team
Karely López is a Mexican boxing world champion, resident of Los Angeles. A mother of two, López will be trading in her boxing gloves once again for a daring opportunity that will test her physical and mental endurance like never before.
First Season – Contenders Team
Jesús “Chuy” Almada is a Mexican trainer, motivator and top contender from season one. He dominated the intense obstacle courses from day one, pushing the limits and breaking records all along his journey in the vigorous competition.
Second Season – Contenders Team
Dennhi Callú is a professional fitness trainer and sprinter from Mexico. Callú was a semifinalist in the second season of Exatlón who is coming back to finish what she started the first time around.
Hosted by Erasmo Provenza and produced by Acunmedya for Telemundo, the adrenaline-filled, family-friendly program seeks to find the participant with the strongest physical and mental skills through a series of obstacle courses, extreme life conditions and total isolation from the rest of the world.
Manager, Programming Publicity

domain: entertainment


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Openers Rohit Sharma and Shikhar Dhawan hit punishing centuries to steer an imperious India to a nine-wicket win over a listless Pakistan within the Asia Cup match in Dubai on Sunday (September 23).Sharma notched an unbeaten 111 for his 19th one-day hundred whereas Dhawan made a 100-ball 114 for his 15th century because the pair placed on 210 for the opening stand – their highest-ever, surpassing the 178 the pair registered towards Australia in Nagpur.
That tremendous effort from the openers noticed India overhaul the goal with 10.three overs to spare. The win is India’s highest towards Pakistan when it comes to wickets.
Sharma additionally accomplished 7000 ODI runs, changing into the third-fastest Indian – behind Virat Kohli and Sourav Ganguly – and fifth quickest total to get to the mark.
It was a reasonably dismal outing for the Pakistani bowlers as Dhawan and Sharma hit them throughout the park. This was solely the sixth occasion in a accomplished match that not one of the Pakistan bowlers had been capable of decide up a single wicket.
Dhawan and Sharma additionally grew to become the fifth highest scoring pair for India, beating Kohli and Sharma, who’ve 3685 scored runs collectively.
The convincing victory helped India seal a spot within the ultimate for the Asia Cup and the lads in blue will definitely begin as favourites on Friday, regardless of who they arrive up towards.
(With Inputs From AFP)
First Printed: September 24, 2018, 2:03 AM IST

domain: news


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Salt Lake City, UT
VCBO Architecture is an award-winning integrated design firm with a team of 95+ professionals between two Utah offices, one in Salt Lake City and one in St. George. Our firm serves a variety of clients throughout the Intermountain West and abroad, and we are dedicated to helping those clients solve their greatest challenges and develop functional, beautiful, sustainable and future-focused projects. VCBO is home to a passionate, strong group of people who respect each other and enjoy working together. With inspired collaborative office environments, we attract and nurture excellence, accuracy, innovation, comprehensive thinking and design talent. Our focus on people extends from the heart of our offices to the spaces we create—where people gather to heal, live, learn, work and play.

domain: geography


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Why do we trust what other people say, and form beliefs on the basis of their speech? One answer: they are taken to have epistemic authority. Intuitively this means that the other person (or institution, or group) is taken to be authoritative in what they say, at least with respect to a particular domain. Here, we want to claim that there are (at least) two varieties of epistemic authority, one based on reliability and one on assuming (nonepistemic) authority. We claim that both are subject to linguistic negotiation. This paper begins by reviewing McCready’s (2015) theory of reliability, and then turns to strategies for attempting to assume epistemic authority, focusing on those involving the use of not-at-issue content. We then show the results of two experiments which test the interaction of stereotypes about gender with epistemic authority, and how this is mediated by language use, focusing on the case of gendered pronouns. Finally, the results are explored for Bayesian views of argumentation and analyzed within McCready’s Reliability Dynamic Logic.
|Published - Nov 2016
|The 8th JSAI International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence - Yokohama, Japan
Duration: 14 Nov 2016 → 16 Nov 2016
|The 8th JSAI International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence
|14/11/16 → 16/11/16

domain: psychology


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Biologically Appropriate Raw Food for Pets
Feeding guidelines are dependent on the age, weight and the activity level of your dog! Obviously overweight or couch-loafing dogs need to be fed less daily, while working or very active dogs may need a little more than illustrated on a daily basis. Only you know your dog, so use your discretion and remember that this is dog “Super” Food!
We have a tendency to overfeed our pets (and ourselves), so you might look at your furry friend’s bowl and think that it is not enough food for them – rather underfeed and increase the quantity as needed, you don’t want a dog that is a healthy weight getting fat and if they’re carrying a few extra pounds you’ll want to adjust their food so they lose that spare tyre.
Young & Moderate Aged: 2% – 3% of ideal bodyweight per day (divided into 1 or 2 meals)
Older Aged: 1.5% – 2% of ideal bodyweight per day (divided into 1 or 2 meals)
3% – 6% of bodyweight per day when actually working or active, add slightly more fat to meals
2% – 3% of bodyweight per day when not active or working
5% – 6% of bodyweight per day (divided into 3 to 4 small meals)
3% – 5% of bodyweight per day (divided into 3 to 4 meals). It is important to ensure that these puppies grow slowly to ensure that bones and joints form properly and not too rapidly
For the first two thirds of pregnancy, 2% – 3% of bodyweight per day (divided into 1 or 2 meals)
For the last third of pregnancy increase to 3% – 5% of bodyweight per day (divided into 2 or 3 meals)
Depending on litter size and the age of the puppies, feed from between 3% and 6% of bodyweight per day (divided into 2 or 3 meals – up to free choice with large litters)

domain: pet


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Inspired by those hardiest of plants who manage to thrive despite the wind and rain on the precipice of mountains, cliff-tops and long-neglected gardens. Delicate yet resilient, these admirable little plants are represented in the ‘rocky’ lace and floral patterns of this cowl.
Knit in the Round, wuthering is a continuous tube which varies throughout with use of different stitch patterns and charts. This pattern should result in a cowl with circumference approximately 1.2m.
Note on Yarn: It would be easy to directly subsitute DK for 4ply, if you prefer.

domain: design


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Jos Buttler’s maiden Test century has provided him with his proudest moment as an England cricketer – whatever the format.
Buttler (106) and Ben Stokes (62) defied India in a fifth-wicket stand of 169 which helped to take the third Specsavers Test into a final day – albeit with England on 311 for nine and therefore bound for almost certain defeat, still 210 runs behind at Trent Bridge.
Barring a double-century last-wicket stand between Adil Rashid and James Anderson, England will head to Southampton for next week’s penultimate Test with only a 2-1 series lead.
Buttler therefore admitted to a tinge of regret he and Stokes could not defy an India attack led by Jasprit Bumrah (five for 85) even longer – but after recording his first Test hundred, in his 38th innings and four years after his debut, he rightly allowed himself a smile of satisfaction too.
“This is definitely the proudest moment in an England shirt,” said the 27-year-old. “It was really satisfying.
“It has been a long time coming, and a few months ago it was a million miles away.”
Buttler, one of the stars of England’s white-ball teams and leading light too at the Indian Premier League, was out of the Test reckoning until new national selector Ed Smith brought him back at the start of this summer.
Asked how his breakthrough Test century compares with his many limited-overs highs, he said: “It’s a lot more fulfilment, probably.
“It’s just been a longer time coming, I think. It proves to me I can do it, and I’m hungry to go and do it again.”
Buttler feared this was a day that would never come for him.
“It’s a huge moment for me,” he added. “I’m delighted, a little bit lost for words, but delighted. To prove you can do it, that’s a huge part of it.
“I was never sure if I’d ever play Test cricket again. All those thoughts go through your head while you’re out there as well when you start to get close.
“I never thought this would happen, so I had to try and make sure it did. Definitely there were times when I thought that race was run.”
His and Stokes’ skill and resolve will not save this Test for England, but he believes their efforts are nonetheless significant collectively as well as personally.
“It was very important for us to turn up today and show a lot of character and fight and not give it to India easily – make them work hard.
“We did that really well throughout the day – even the two guys there at the end, making sure we do come back tomorrow.
“It showed that, no matter what it is, we’re not going to roll over. It’s disappointing I couldn’t make it last a bit longer.”
Jasprit eventually dismissed Buttler lbw with the second new ball.
He said: “We were happy that even when the ball got older we always had the belief that if we keep on applying pressure, some time or the other we will get the result.”
– England’s Stuart Broad has been fined 15 per cent of his match fee and handed one demerit point by the International Cricket Council for his send off of Rishabh Pant in India’s first innings.


In a recent New York Times piece, Peter Coy echoed the sentiments of some economists that only tax increases could fix the national budget. He’s right and he’s wrong. Simple arithmetic will tell you why. First, the need for taxes: A very large share of federal outlays is scheduled to go to current and near-term retirees, whose benefit levels already are well in excess of the taxes collected to pay for them. Unless Congress is willing to cut benefits on which people have become dependent, the near-term pressure will be mainly on tax increases. Second, the need for benefit cuts: The automatic rate of growth of health and retirement benefits scheduled in the law exceeds forever the rate of growth of national income and revenues. Those promises can’t be sustained no matter how much taxes are increased.
But… the Boomers paid in far more than the previous generation needed (to build the trust fund) and all dollars paid on Social Security go back into the economy (even as current workers accrue future benefits). Hard to see how Social Security beggars the nation. It’s a choice. It relieves the current generation of supporting their parents. The stock market is arguably more a Ponzi scheme than Social Security. With all due respect.


Playing tracks by
Battles, Talking Heads, TUnE-YaRdS, J Dilla, Trouble funk and more.
Week 10 is here with 25 fantastic tracks to take you through the week.
We have some yet to be released music from Battles, some newly released stuff from Kate Bush, and some classics from the likes of The Jam and Sonny Boy Williamson.
This weeks 'Back to the future' is a three song special, with an original by Trouble Funk, later sampled on one of the definitive Hip Hop albums of all time and followed up by a cover by a legendary singer-songwriter.
As usual, you can contact me at:
Or on Twitter:
And dont forget to check out the newly designed website at:
See you next week!


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More than 1,800 people from 121 countries, including the United States, the Philippines, Ukraine, South Africa, Pakistan, Thailand, Romania, and India, have attended the 9th Anniversary of the September 18th HWPL World Peace Summit held in Incheon, South Korea, from September 18th to 21st.
During this event themed “Implementing a Multidimensional Strategies for Institutional Peace”, leaders and experts in the fields of international law, religion, education, youth, women, and media have participated in about 30 sessions over four days. The participants have engaged in discussions, tailored not only by fields but also by countries, on practical and viable strategies to establish a legally binding international law for peace.
At the press conference on the 18th, Lee Man-hee, Chairman of the host organization, Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light (HWPL), urged politicians and leaders of countries to work together for peace as he called for action, drawing from his personal experience as a war veteran, having witnessed the harsh realities of war.
“Why should the lives of young people be sacrificed in war? What is politics, and for whom is it for? When war breaks out, it is not politicians who go out and fight, but young people who have never bloomed before that are sacrificed. Peace cannot be achieved through words alone. If we don’t have one, we have to create one, so we have traveled 32 times around the world to carry out peace activities. If peace had won in this world, there would have been no regrettable deaths. Through the enactment of international law, we must leave peace as a legacy to the global community where our descendants will live,” he stated.
At the main session on the 18th, H.E. Prof. Dr. Emil Constantinescu, the 3rd President of Romania, said, “During the Summit, we agreed that Peace is not an abstract concept, but rather a supreme value of humanity that can generate a calm environment in which people can live without the threat of violent conflict or psychological pressure. We agreed to work towards the implementation of concrete measures, both in the short but above all in the long term, in order to fashion a new system of reference that replaces attitudes of “man against man” with “man alongside man”, expressed in the motto we adopted in 2014, “We Are One”.”
To achieve fair and sustainable peace, HWPL advocates for building an internationally agreed concrete institutional peace based on the Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW) that proposes the comprehensive measures of peace continuum, ranging from conflict prevention to maintaining peace. In addition, HWPL continues activities such as facilitating interreligious dialogues, fostering peace activities led by youth and women, providing peace education, and promoting a culture of peace through media outreach.
In the progress report presentation, Kang Tae-ho, Managing Director of HWPL, introduced the progress of the DPCW, which has received approximately 900,000 supports from civil society in 176 countries as well as the Central American Parliament, and the case of Mindanao, which is an example of a private-level peace agreement.
Hon. Ahod B. Ebrahim, Al haj, Chief Minister of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) from the Philippine, said, “Today, I stand before all of you with utmost humility and say that the Bangsamoro is now a land of peace, prosperity, and justice where Muslims, Christians, Indigenous Peoples’, and our Lumad brothers and sisters co-exist and live in harmony. As we embrace a new age in the name of peace and development, I call upon every influential leader, policymaker, and peace advocate in parts of the world to become a catapult that promotes peace, disarmament, and a sustainable future. Let us continue to write a story of peace.”
HWPL has operated the Religious Peace Academy (RPA), a platform for comparative scriptural studies, in 130 countries worldwide with the aim of preventing conflict and promoting reconciliation through interreligious dialogue. Also, HWPL Peace Education to learn and practice peaceful values has been implemented in the various schools and educational institutions in 90 countries around the world.
HWPL officials expressed gratitude for the visit to South Korea by global peace messengers, including former heads of state and leaders of ministerial rank, all united for the common aspiration of humanity: peace. They also called for the cooperation of the South Korean government along with the support of the international community, to ensure that such nongovernmental diplomacy can contribute to achievable and lasting peace.
At this event, the HWPL Peace Award was presented to 13 individuals in recognition of their contributions to cooperating with HWPL’s peace initiatives. Among the recipients were H.E. Prof. Dr. Emil Constantinescu, the 3rd President of Romania; H.E. Mr. Oumar Keita, Former Permanent Delegate of Mali to UNESCO HQ; and Dr. Ciaran Burke, Professor of International Law at Friedrich Schiller University Jena in German.


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I finished a month-long scuba dive class Monday, so now I am officially a certified open water diver, which is the basic certification to allow me to dive to 60 feet.
I am so excited!
I went on my first two scuba dives Sunday afternoon and my next two Monday morning, as the final part of the class. All of these dives were in the lagoon, off of Emon Beach.
We saw countless fish (I’m going to have to get a fish ID book soon) and lots of beautiful coral. One of the highlights for me was seeing a couple of clownfish in an anemone.
Our deepest dive was to 38 feet. The water was very clear, with well over 50 foot visibility. The water is also very warm, at a year-round temperature of about 82 °F.
Following are a number of photos I took on the dives.
I can’t wait to get out in the water and dive again! 🙂
This is the first photo of me underwater.
This is a moray eel, peeking out to see what’s going on. This (and some of my other photos) is a little blurry as I was moving at the time. I still have to practice more at maintaining neutral buoyancy and staying still in one spot).
Behind me is Travis, one of the new teachers. Actually the other five people in the dive class were all new teachers.
That’s Kristen behind me now.
Kristen, Pam (my dive buddy), and Travis.
An old ship anchor, now serving as a home to coral.
The lagoon floor drops off here.
Clownfish in an anemone!
The fish on the right was digging in the sand with its snout.
Travis and Kristen.
Kristen found a baby starfish near the beach following our first dive today. I was in a bit of a hurry so only took a couple shots, both of which turned out blurry. I should have switched to the macro setting.
Travis in front of a large coral head.
Our instructor, Doug, on one foot.
Doug, with a sea cucumber in his mouth as a joke.
It’s a beautiful and fascinating world down there, and my brief glimpses of it so far have just whet my appetite for more diving!

domain: hobby


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In the yellow abstract I did today (see Forward Progress), the first yellow wash was not absorbed by the lines I scratched into the surface of the paper. In my study below, I blotched watercolor onto paper that was already scored, and found the same result: the scratches did not soak up the pigments.
To make the lines visible, I rubbed the paper’s surface with charcoal and then brushed it off. The result is two compositions on one page. I only became aware of the foreground design after rubbing charcoal into the paper.
The goal is to make each design simultaneous independent of each other and depended upon each other.


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I've been indulging myself recently with one of my favourite displacement activities. Research. In this case, art. Looking at pictures, learning about the artists, making up stories about them.
Actually the last part is the the author bit creeping in - inventing things to go in books - you know all about that.
A lot of writers seem to be drawn to plots involving famous works of art, usually paintings. How may books and films have you read/seen that involve something priceless in oils? Frequently getting stolen. The allure of a beautiful object that is also of very great monetary value.
And I'm doing it too. First I had an idea for a series of paintings that would be part of a time slip novel. Which is still out there, circling, waiting to get a landing slot, because I also wanted to write a heist book - and what better thing to steal than a work of art? Of course, I had to make it more fun by stealing three things, only one of which is a painting. Then I started to wonder about the history of all my invented works of art. And the stories of how they got into my museum, in order to be stolen, and then the stories behind that, of how they came to be created ...
And before I know it I have about three books and a couple of novellas and maybe the odd short story. And then they got tangled up with the the undercover intelligence service series that has been bubbling along in my brain for a while now.
Why do I have to make life so complicated, as I'm also supposed to be producing a eighty thousand word thesis at the same time?
If anyone knows a good formula for turning twenty four hours a day into forty eight, now would be an excellent time to share.
So - displacement activity. Go and look at paintings. Have fun, listening to experts talk about them. Make up stories.
Research. You really can't beat it.


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The Philippines and Malaysia are holding naval drills this week as both countries seek to deepen their cooperation in maritime security and transnational crime.
The four-day naval drills, codenamed MTA MALPHI LAUT 18/5, are the 18th iteration of an annual bilateral training exercise between the two Southeast Asian states since a memorandum of understanding on defense cooperation was concluded in 1994.
According to Rear Admiral Primitivo Gopo, commander of the Naval Forces Western Mindanao (NFWM) which is hosting the five-day Maritime Training Activity (MTA), the exercises will be held ashore and afloat in Zamboanga City and in the Moro Gulf and focus on maritime security and transnational crime. They will run up to August 28.
The exercises, Gopo added, would consist of three phases and involve 157 sailors from the Philippine Navy (PN) and 136 sailors from the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). The first phase, the harbor phase, will take place from August 24 to 25 and would involve various activities including courtesy calls, subject matter expert exchange lectures, special operations activities and naval aviation training. The second phase, at sea trials, will occur from August 26 to 27 and involve combined ship maneuvers to address various contingencies at sea. The third and last phase from August 27 to 28 will involve a sports cup activity and other recreational activities before the departure of RMN ships.
The primary objective of the exercise, Gopo said, is to enhance interoperability between the two navies and to develop better understanding and cooperation.
Smugglers, human traffickers, and terrorists from the southern Philippines have long posed a security threat to Malaysia. Two Malaysian hostages were recently kidnapped by Abu Sayyaf militants from a seafood restaurant in Sandakan and are still being held captive, and Kuala Lumpur and Manila are now working to secure their release. Malaysia also played a role in facilitating negotiations between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which both inked a peace agreement over a year ago (See: “Malaysian Peacekeepers Could Face Toughest Challenge Yet”). The exercise also comes amidst the unresolved Sabah issue between the two sides, and Malaysia saw a 2013 invasion by Filipino militants in the Lahad Datu incident.
Earlier this year, Malaysian officials also announced that the country was preparing a series of offshore military bases in the Sulu Sea to address threats from the southern Philippines, including an influx of hundreds of thousands of displaced southern Filipinos if talks were to break down with the MILF.


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This Buffalo Chicken Sliders Recipe is a perfect weeknight meal. It's quick and easy and comes together right in the crockpot – take a look!
Buffalo Chicken Sliders Recipe – Make This Delicious Dinner TONIGHT!
My hubby has a wee bit of an addiction to Buffalo Chicken Dip, so when I decided to try these Crockpot Buffalo Chicken Sliders I knew he'd go nuts for them! I was right and now they are on a regular rotation at our house. 🙂
Here’s a quick warning though: This buffalo chicken sliders recipe is just a wee bit on the spicy side (obviously with the buffalo wing sauce!), so if you tend to shy away from spicy foods try out these yummy-slow-cooker-not-spicy-at-all barbecue sandwiches. You can also control the spicy buffalo flavor by reducing the amount of sauce a bit, or even trying another sauce that you enjoy.
How to make Buffalo Chicken Sliders:
Slow Cooker Buffalo Chicken Sliders are so incredibly easy to make. You basically throw all of the ingredients into the crockpot and let your crockpot (AKA Mrs. Potts) do ALL the work. You'll simply add chicken breasts, Frank's hot sauce (because it's THE best) and a package of dry ranch dressing mix (you can mix the ranch and the buffalo sauce together).
To pinch those pennies and make it a wee bit healthier with the dry ranch packets, this homemade ranch seasoning is a great option. You could also add some garlic powder or other seasonings you enjoy.
When the chicken is done cooking (about 4 – 6 hours on low), you can just shred it right up in the slow cooker.
You'll then top the slider buns with the shredded buffalo chicken and give it a drizzle of ranch or blue cheese dressing to get that delicious chicken ranch flavor. You could even add a bit of melted butter over your chicken mixture. Yum!
If you would like to spice it up a little more, instead of dinner rolls, you could try using hawaiian rolls. Or maybe the top bun one and the bottom the other. Either way these would be the perfect treat for game day!
What can you serve with buffalo chicken sliders?
I'm so super boring with sides y'all! Of course I'm always going to choose a big green salad but here are some other options for you to try:
- Celery sticks
- Potato or sweet potato chips
- Macaroni and cheese
- Sweet potato or French fries
- Sweet & savory broccoli salad
- Fresh fruit salad
- Corn on the cob
Buffalo Chicken Sliders
- 1.5 lb boneless skinless chicken breasts
- 10 oz Frank's red hot sauce
- 1 oz pkg dry ranch dressing mix
- 1 pkg dinner rolls
- ranch or blue cheese dressing, for topping
- Place chicken in bottom of slow cooker.
- In a small bowl, combine dry ranch seasoning and hot sauce and pour over chicken.
- Cover and cook on low 4-6 hours.
- When done, shred chicken in crock.
- Slice buns in half and top with chicken. Drizzle with ranch (or blue cheese) dressing to serve.
Can you put fresh chicken in the crock pot?
Of course! Either fresh OR frozen chicken works great for these crockpot buffalo chicken sliders. You could also use canned chicken or shredded rotisserie chicken in a pinch!
Looking for more yummy meals?
We have THE BEST MENU PLANS on the planet (and, the only menu plan that ship all the grocery lists, menu plans and recipe cards right out to you ~ no downloading or hunting down recipes on your phone at dinnertime ever again!) Go HERE to learn more. I know you're going to love these!
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Can the chicken breasts be frozen or do they need to be thawed before placing them in the crockpot?
Frozen is fine Brittany – I do that with most chicken recipes! Hope that helps 🙂
Yes, it does- thanks so much!!
You’re so welcome!
Kathy Fix says
Pinterest tip….shred chicken in your Kitchen Aid….haven't tried this yet but plan to soon 🙂
My kids love chicken wing dip and this sounds like it could turn our love of the dip into a sandwich. Love the idea and can’t wait to try it!
Carla Davidson Johnson says
Will be trying this tomorrow! Sounds really REALLY easy!
Yay ~ hope you enjoy them Carla! 🙂
Hey there! I’m trying to make these for a wedding shower for about 25 people. I’ve made it before for my husband and I but a much smaller amount for just the 2 of us. Do you have any idea of how many sliders this makes? I’m thinking 6 chicken breasts (doubling the recipe) may do it.
Hmmmm… I really don’t have any idea, but I’m afraid 6 chicken breasts won’t be enough? I think I’d go with 8 (of course, if you’re going to have appetizers and other dishes, 6 may be fine.) I wish I had an exact amount but would be afraid to tell you incorrectly!
On second thought…. you could always make extra and then just freeze whatever you have leftover? I’m always worried about not having enough… Hope that helps! 🙂
Yes that helps a ton! I was just thinking I could pick up the big frozen bag at Sam’s. I think it has about 8 breasts or more in it. Thank you!!
That’s a great idea ~ hope it turns out well Janese! 🙂
You can easily omit the ranch all together. I put boneless chicken and just the frank’s in my crockpot (trying to save calories!). It doesn’t look very saucy but it tastes very buffalo-y and is a lot less messy!
hey… i was wondering…. have you ever made your own ranch dressing or have a recipe to suggest?? we are trying to go all whole foods and no prepackaged things 🙂 TIA
Here’s the mix we use Lisa ~ hope that helps! http://heavenlyhomemakers.com/healthy-homemade-salad-dressing-ideas

domain: food


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The ASF awards dinner is held towards the end of each financial year.
Over six hundred people from stockbroking houses and investment banks open their hearts (and their wallets) for those less fortunate than themselves, and to acknowledge the achievements of the past year. This is the largest annual gathering of financial services practitioners and is the highlight of the stockbrokers' year.
SBA2017 summary video
Bulls & Bears Golf Day
A fantastic day out for all! The Bulls and Bears Golf Day is organised by the Australian Stockbrokers Foundation to help raise funds for the Heart Foundation and their Women and Heart disease program.
We would like to thank WAM who has been a long-standing supporter of this event and the ASF.
If you would like to help us fundraise or sponsor one of our events please click here or call Danny Dreyfus, on 02 8116 1700.
Other Charitable Works
The Australian Stockbrokers Foundation has been a long time supporter of the Matthew Talbot Hostel, the homeless men's hostel in the Sydney suburb of Woolloomooloo, founded by the St Vincent de Paul Society in 1938.
Matthew Talbot Hostel has a special place in the history of the ASF. The inception, the ASF has donated over $2.5 million to the Matthew Talbot Hostel, which makes us the largest single supporter of this critical facility.
The committee makes an effort to visit the hostel to meet and make lunch for the men each year. We are honoured to support such an essential service and look forward to many more years together.
Some of the members of the Australian Stockbrokers Foundation Committee at Matthew Talbot 2017.

domain: finance


Shut Down Issue in Lenovo® ThinkPad X201 Notebook
Problems could come up on any computer. The problems/issues that come up on a computer could be either hardware or software. Software related issues include instability of the system, decrease in system performance, failure to startup, sudden system shutdown etc. Such problems could come up on your Lenovo ThinkPad X201 too. Sudden system shutdown is a very common problem. Users experiencing sudden system shutdown will find that using the system with this problem is very difficult as the user will not be able to save any of the work being done before the restart. Repeated sudden system shutdowns could also decrease the life of the hard disk. There are many reasons as to why sudden shutdown problems occur on your Lenovo ThinkPad X201. Virus infections, registry related problems, driver issues are some of them.
- System Restore
- Registry Cleaner
System restore is the most effective way to solve the sudden system shutdown issue. System Restore comes with the operating system on your Lenovo ThinkPad X201. Sudden system shutdowns usually occur if some important system files required for the correct shutdown of a system are missing. Restoring the system to a restore point created when the system was free from issues will help solve this issue.
Sudden system shutdown on your Lenovo ThinkPad X201 could be because of malware. Malware infect system files and modify them in such a way that system shuts down even if the user did not initiate the shutdown process. Lenovo ThinkPad X201 users experiencing sudden shutdown issues are advised to install a good antivirus tool to remove the problem causing malware.
Clashes within the registry of your Lenovo ThinkPad X201 could cause sudden shutdown issues. With time, the number of registry entries becomes very large and conflicts between unused registry entries might be causing the issue. Lenovo ThinkPad X201 users are recommended to install the system with a good registry cleaning software so that all unwanted and problem causing registries are removed. This will help to solve the issue.


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The understanding of the mechanism, oxidant(s) involved and how and what protein radicals are produced during the reaction of wild-type SOD1 (Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase) with H2O2 and their fate is incomplete, but a better understanding of the role of this reaction is needed. We have used immuno-spin trapping and MS analysis to study the protein oxidations driven by human (h) and bovine (b) SOD1 when reacting with H2O2 using HSA (human serum albumin) and mBH (mouse brain homogenate) as target models. In order to gain mechanistic information about this reaction, we considered both copper- and CO3•− (carbonate radical anion)-initiated protein oxidation. We chose experimental conditions that clearly separated SOD1-driven oxidation via CO3•− from that initiated by copper released from the SOD1 active site. In the absence of (bi)carbonate, site-specific radical-mediated fragmentation is produced by SOD1 active-site copper. In the presence of (bi)carbonate and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid) (to suppress copper chemistry), CO3•− produced distinct radical sites in both SOD1 and HSA, which caused protein aggregation without causing protein fragmentation. The CO3•− produced by the reaction of hSOD1 with H2O2 also produced distinctive DMPO (5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide) nitrone adduct-positive protein bands in the mBH. Finally, we propose a biochemical mechanism to explain CO3•− production from CO2, enhanced protein radical formation and protection by (bi)carbonate against H2O2-induced fragmentation of the SOD1 active site. Our present study is important for establishing experimental conditions for studying the molecular mechanism and targets of oxidation during the reverse reaction of SOD1 with H2O2; these results are the first step in analysing the critical targets of SOD1-driven oxidation during pathological processes such as neuroinflammation.
- carbonate radical anion
- immuno-spin trapping
- nitrone adduct
- protein radical
- superoxide dismutase
Much of the mechanistic biochemical evidence regarding SOD1 (Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase)-driven pathogenic oxidative mechanisms has been obtained by studying the reaction between bovine or human SOD1 and H2O2 [1–4]. The reaction of SOD1 and H2O2 may be particularly important in sites of inflammation, particularly in peroxisomes, which are known to have high local concentrations of H2O2 and SOD1, and where the degradation of damaged proteins occurs . The study of radical pathways induced by H2O2/SOD1-driven peroxidation may be important to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tissue damage during neuroinflammation, as occurs, for example, in fALS (familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
Mechanistically, the reaction of SOD1 with H2O2 proceeds in several sequential steps (Reactions 1 and 2) that end with the formation of an enzyme-bound oxidant [i.e. (CuO)+↔(Cu-OH•)2+↔Cu3+] at the enzyme active site [6,7]. This species promotes oxidation of one or more histidine residues at the SOD1 active site [8,9], partial copper release [10,11], enzyme inactivation  and SOD1 fragmentation at its active site [10,12].(Reaction 1) (Reaction 2)
The copper-bound oxidant at the enzyme active site (Reactions 1 and 2) is generally proposed to oxidize (bi)carbonate to the diffusible carbonate radical anion (CO3•−) [7,13–16]. CO2 has been postulated to be the chemical entity in (bi)carbonate buffer that reacts with the strong oxidant at the SOD1 active site to give CO3•− ; however, the chemical mechanism of this reaction remains controversial [7,17–19]. Much of our current knowledge of SOD1-driven oxidation has been gained by studying the oxidation of chemical compounds (e.g. NADPH , dichlorofluorescein , peroxidase substrates [12,21], ethanol, spin-trap compounds [21,22], formate and azide ), the loss of superoxide dismutase activity, or the activity or the structure of protein or nucleic acid targets . Because of its diffusibility and powerful oxidative nature, CO3•− may form distinct radicals in SOD1 itself or tissue proteins, which may be trapped with DMPO (5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide) to form stable nitrone adducts for further characterization [12,24]. However, in cells and tissues, it is difficult to study the formation of protein radicals using ESR with or without spin trapping because of their rapid decay and the severe overlap of their spectra.
We have developed a new biochemical tool with which to study protein [25–27] and DNA [24,28] radicals called immuno-spin trapping [26,27] that helps to identify protein radicals induced by SOD1-driven oxidation in cells and tissues. Immuno-spin trapping  involves the trapping of protein radicals with the spin trap DMPO in situ and in real time and the further detection of the protein radical–DMPO nitrone adducts with an anti-DMPO serum  by using heterogeneous immunoassays and also by MS . In principle, this technology allows the simultaneous detection of more than one protein radical at the same time and in the same reaction system, as they are formed during tissue oxidative damage [24,29].
We have previously shown that (bi)carbonate, but not DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid), protects SOD1 against H2O2-induced fragmentation at its active site and that, in the presence of DTPA, (bi)carbonate is required in order to observe SOD1 nitrone adducts with immuno-spin trapping . In the present study, we have used immuno-spin trapping and MS to understand the mechanism of protein radical formation induced by the bovine and human SOD1/HSA (human serum albumin) or mBH (mouse brain homogenate)/H2O2 system. To accomplish this goal, we chose experimental conditions that would separate the two major radical pathways of protein modification by H2O2-induced SOD1-driven oxidation: copper (both active site and released)- and CO3•−-triggered radical reactions. Furthermore, we have analysed the way in which these two different initiators of radical reactions contribute to oxidizing target proteins and SOD1 itself using HSA and mBH as models. In the present study, we also propose a novel mechanism to explain how (bi)carbonate blocks the fragmentation of the SOD1 active site by the enzyme-bound oxidant (Reaction 2).
bSOD1 (bovine SOD1) (from bovine erythrocytes) and beef liver catalase were purchased from Roche Applied Science. Sodium bicarbonate (99.7–100.3% purity) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. The spin-trap DMPO was purchased from Alexis Biochemicals, purified twice by vacuum sublimation at room temperature (15–25 °C), and stored under an argon atmosphere at −80 °C until use. The DMPO concentration was measured at 228 nm, assuming a molar absorption coefficient of 7800 M−1·cm−1. Reagent-grade 30% H2O2 was obtained from Fisher Scientific. The H2O2 concentration was verified using UV–visible absorption at 240 nm (ε240=43.6 M−1·cm−1). Recombinant hSOD1 (human SOD1) (expressed in Escherichia coli) was from BioVision. Erythrocytic hSOD1 and all other reagents were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. Buffers were treated with Chelex® 100 ion-exchange resin (Bio-Rad Laboratories) to remove transition metals usually found as contaminants. The pH of the buffer solutions containing bicarbonate was adjusted to 7.4 by bubbling with a 19:1 N2/CO2 gas mixture.
SOD1, HSA and mBH preparation
Our bSOD1 and hSOD1 (from erythrocytes and recombinant) solutions were prepared and determined to be free from detectable unbound copper as described previously . SOD1 concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 258 nm (ε258=10.3 mM−1·cm−1) at pH 7.4 . HSA solutions were prepared as described previously [31,33]. Our HSA preparations were free from detectable copper contamination, and the free sulfhydryl/albumin ratio was similar to that reported in [31,33]. The HSA concentration was determined by using the BCA (bicinchoninic acid) assay (Pierce) or assuming its UV–visible molar absorption coefficient of ε280=35700 M−1·cm−1. Male C576J/BL mice (25–30 g of body weight) were killed following institutionally approved protocols, and brains were collected in ice-cold 10 mM PB [sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)], washed in the same buffer and homogenized (1 g/ml). The homogenate was centrifuged at 11700 g and the supernatant was dialysed (3 kDa cut-off) against 10 mM PB. The protein concentration in the dialysed mBH was determined using the BCA assay.
Typically, the reactions of 15 μM SOD1, 7.5 μM (0.5 mg/ml) HSA or 0.5 mg/ml mBH and 0.1 mM H2O2 were carried out in the presence of 100 mM DMPO in 100 mM Chelex®-bound BB [sodium (bi)carbonate buffer (pH 7.4)], or 100 mM Chelex®-bound PB, or in PB containing a physiological concentration of (bi)carbonate (i.e. ∼25 mM) and with or without 0.1 mM DTPA. Solutions were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h, and the reaction was stopped by adding 10 IU of catalase to eliminate excess H2O2. The pH of the reaction mixtures after the reactions was completed was between 7.3 and 7.6.
Measurement of H2O2-induced bathocuproine-assisted reduction of released Cu2+
The H2O2-induced Cu2+ release from bSOD1 or hSOD1 and its reduction to Cu+ was monitored using the specific Cu+ chelator BCDS (bathocuproine disulfonic acid) . Cu+ binds to BCDS and produces a complex [Cu+(BCDS)2]3− that exhibits a characteristic absorbance maximum at 480 nm, with ε480=12540 M−1·cm−1.
Measurement of SOD1 activity
bSOD1 and hSOD1 activity was measured using the ferricytochrome c reduction assay [11,32]. For controls, the ratio of ferricytochrome c reduction was measured in samples containing 15 μM active or heat-inactivated SOD1 (incubation for 40 min at 75 °C) .
A rabbit antiserum against the nitrone form of DMPO was obtained in our laboratory  and was used to develop immuno-spin trapping [26,27,29]; this antiserum has been used successfully to detect protein [27,29] and DNA [24,28] radicals. The anti-DMPO serum is commercially available from Alexis Biochemicals, Cayman Chemicals, AbCam, Chemicon International and Oxford Biomedical Research.
Immuno-spin trapping assays
DMPO–protein radical-derived nitrone adducts were determined using a standard ELISA and Western blot as described previously [12,29]. Briefly, the reaction mixture was separated by reducing SDS/PAGE [4–12% NuPAGE Novex Bis-Tris gels (Invitrogen); 1.2 μg of protein/lane]. After the separation of protein, gels were stained using Coomassie Blue, or the proteins were blotted to a nitrocellulose membrane, and the nitrone adducts were detected by Western blotting. Briefly, immunocomplexes were detected by exposing the membrane to NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium)/BCIP (5-bromo-4-chloroindol-3-yl phosphate) One Step reagent from Pierce for 15 min or, when indicated, by enhanced chemiluminescence using a CDP-Star II (Roche Molecular Biochemicals)/Nitro Block II (Tropix) system. Where indicated, a MagicMark™ XP Western Protein Standard (Invitrogen) was used as a molecular-mass marker that glows after Western blot development .
Measurement of H2O2-induced SOD1-driven oxidation of guaiacol
The peroxidative activity of bSOD1 or hSOD1/H2O2 with or without (bi)carbonate or DTPA was measured using guaiacol as a substrate. The reaction was initiated by adding 5 μM SOD1 to 100 mM Chelex®-bound buffers (pH 7.4), containing 0.5 mM guaiacol and 1 mM H2O2 (final volume 1 ml). Oxidation of guaiacol to tetraguaiacol was measured spectrophotometrically in a Beckman DU® 640 spectrometer at 470 nm and at room temperature for 15 min. A molar absorption coefficient of 26.6 mM−1·cm−1 was used to quantify tetraguaiacol formation.
Mass spectrometric identifications from gel bands
In-gel tryptic digestion
The protein bands were manually excised from the gel, cut into small pieces and transferred into a 96-well microtitre plate. Gel pieces were subjected to automatic tryptic digestion using an Investigator™ Progest protein digestion station (Genomic Solutions). Briefly, gel bands were sequentially washed twice with 25 mM ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 7) and acetonitrile, dehydrated, rehydrated with 25 μl of the enzyme solution and digested at 37 °C for 8 h. The enzyme solution used was sequencing-grade modified trypsin (Promega Corporation) at a concentration of 0.01 mg/ml in 25 mM ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 7). Resulting tryptic peptides were extracted from the gel, freeze-dried and stored at −80 °C. Before mass spectrometric analysis, the peptides were reconstituted in 40 μl of a 97:3 solution of water/acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid).
ESI (eletrospray ionization) MS
For the nano-LC (liquid chromatography)–ESI–MS/MS (tandem MS) analyses, we used an Agilent XCT Ultra ion trap (Agilent Technologies) equipped with an HPLC-Chip Cube MS interface and an Agilent 1100 nano-LC system. Injections of 30 μl of the peptide digests were made on to a 40 nl enrichment column followed by a 43 mm×75 μm analytical column packed with Zorbax 300SB C18 particles. Peptides were separated and eluted using a linear gradient of 3–50% acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid) over 40 min, followed by a linear gradient of 50–95% acetonitrile over 7 min at a flow rate of 500 nl/min. The ion-trap mass spectrometer was operated in the positive-ion mode, standard enhanced mode using the following settings: capillary voltage, −2150 V; mass range, 300–1500; ICC smart target (number of ions in the trap before scan out), 100000 or 200 ms of accumulation; and MS/MS fragmentation amplitude, 1.0 V. During the LC–MS/MS analyses, automated data-dependent acquisition software was employed with the six most abundant ions (threshold requirement of 10000 counts) from each spectrum selected for MS/MS analysis.
Following the analyses, the MS/MS data were extracted and analysed using Spectrum Mill MS Proteomics software (Agilent Technologies). To generate peak lists, the raw data files were processed using the Data Extractor function with the following parameters: deconvoluted ions of 300–6000 Da and a retention time of 10–60 min. MS scans with the same precursor m/z were merged based on a ±1.4 m/z window and a ±15 s retention time window. Using the extracted data, searches were performed against the NCBI non-redundant protein database using the MS/MS search function. Parameters used for the searches included: precursor mass tolerance, ±1.5 Da; product mass tolerance, ±1 Da; enzyme specificity, trypsin, with maximum two missed cleavage sites; variable modifications, oxidized methionine and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid; and at least two unique peptides matched peak intensity, 80%; species, mouse. Proteins with a summed MS/MS search score of 30 or greater were considered for validation. At this scoring threshold, the false-positive rate was essentially 0% as determined by searching against a reversed sequence database. All MS/MS sequence assignments used for protein identifications were validated manually.
Parallel SOD1-centred radical and enzyme inactivation induced by H2O2
We observed H2O2-induced bSOD1 and erythrocytic hSOD1 inactivation in BB (Figure 1A). In agreement with our previous work  and that of other authors [11,18], we did not find any effect on H2O2-induced SOD1 inactivation when the (bi)carbonate concentration was 25 mM or less in PB with DTPA.
When (bi)carbonate was added to a bSOD1/H2O2 or hSOD1/H2O2 system in fresh argon-bubbled (to purge carbon dioxide) PB containing the copper chelator DTPA, the amount of H2O2-induced bSOD1-centred radicals observed as monomers and dimers increased, as seen by Western blotting (Figure 1B). The hSOD1 enzyme produced similar results (results not shown). Although bSOD1-centred radicals were detected at the physiological (bi)carbonate concentration of 25 mM, higher (bi)carbonate concentrations led to more nitrone adduct formation, demonstrating that the (bi)carbonate-dependent mechanism was not saturated under physiological conditions. We could not find any H2O2-induced SOD1 nitrone adducts in argon-purged freshly prepared Chelex®-bound PB containing 0.1 mM DTPA in a closed system, but we could detect them by Western blotting when PB was equilibrated with air at room temperature for 15 min, presumably due to the absorption of CO2 (results not shown). In PB with 0.1 mM DTPA, the SOD1 nitrone adduct (SOD1-self-oxidized) formation was totally dependent on (bi)carbonate. It increased with incubation time (Figure 1C) and was completely prevented by cyanide (results not shown), suggesting that (bi)carbonate and copper redox cycling at the enzyme active site is essential for producing SOD1 nitrone adducts.
In Figures 1(A)–1(C), the copper chelator DTPA was added to eliminate the contribution of H2O2-induced free copper-mediated SOD1 oxidation; however, it is known that CO3•− reacts relatively rapidly with DTPA (rate constant ∼1.7×107 M−1·s−1 ), and thus the concentration of DTPA was carefully adjusted to avoid underestimating CO3•−-triggered oxidations. Indeed, we observed that concentrations of DTPA higher than 0.5 mM inhibited CO3•−-mediated guaiacol oxidation (Figure 1D), suggesting that high concentrations of DTPA scavenge CO3•−. Accordingly, in subsequent experiments, we used 0.1 mM DTPA, which is over 3-fold higher than the copper content of the SOD1 solutions used in our experiments.
Albumin protects bSOD1 and hSOD1 activity by acting as an alternative target for radical modification
In order to investigate the potential for the induction of SOD1-driven oxidation in surrounding proteins, we used HSA as a model target. We observed that HSA blocked H2O2-induced SOD1 self-inactivation in BB, but in PB it had no effect (Figure 2A). This suggested that HSA protects SOD1 activity by scavenging the diffusible CO3•− that enhances H2O2-induced SOD1 inactivation. When we separated the reaction mixture using SDS/PAGE and stained the gels with Coomassie Blue, we observed that both proteins were extensively fragmented when the reaction was carried out in PB (Figure 2B, left-hand panel). DTPA protected HSA against fragmentation, but did not affect SOD1 fragmentation at its active site, as assessed by the ∼5 and ∼10 kDa SOD1 fragments [10,12] (Figure 2B, left-hand panel). However, when we performed the reaction in BB with DTPA, the active site of SOD1 was protected against site-specific fragmentation (Figure 2B, right panel; ), but extensive fragmentation at other sites of both SOD1 and HSA still occurs until DTPA is added. Although active-site fragmentation is not occurring, copper must still be released, presumably as a result of histidine oxidation (Table 1). This released copper must be causing protein fragmentation through Fenton-type chemistry. Similar results were obtained when erythrocytic bSOD1 was replaced by hSOD1 (results not shown).
As modulated by the copper chelator DTPA and (bi)carbonate, two structural consequences of free radical chemistry can be delineated in the formation of H2O2-induced SOD1-driven protein radicals: fragmentation and aggregation. Fragmentation other than at the active site appears to be mediated by copper released from the active site of SOD1. In the absence of DTPA and (bi)carbonate, we saw evidence of both pathways, as protein nitrone adducts (both fragments and intact proteins) increased with the concentration of H2O2 (Figure 2C, left-hand panel). At the same H2O2 concentration, the number of radical sites was higher when the reaction was carried out in 100 mM BB rather than in 100 mM PB (Figure 2C, middle panel). But in BB with 0.1 mM DTPA, we observed distinct protein nitrone adducts of monomers and aggregates from both proteins, but not of fragments (Figure 2C, right-hand panel). These results suggest that DTPA inhibits the Fenton-like chemistry triggered by copper released from the SOD1, which results in protein fragmentation. Once the released copper rebinds to specific residues on SOD1 and HSA, in the presence of excess H2O2, these residues can also act as additional sites for CO3•− generation (see below). It is noteworthy that this amplifying copper-dependent radical chemistry occurs at protein copper-binding sites other than the active site of SOD1.
SOD1-driven copper-dependent radical damage
We further examined SOD1-driven copper-triggered radical chemistry in proteins by reacting SOD1 and HSA with H2O2 in PB without DTPA (Figure 3). Under these conditions, HSA and SOD1 itself were targets of copper-mediated site-specific fragmentation (Figure 3A, left-hand panel). H2O2-induced fragmentation of SOD1 at its active site was evident by its ∼5 and ∼10 kDa fragments [10,12] and was not prevented by DTPA, although DTPA did strongly inhibit nitrone adduct formation of the protein (Figure 3A, right-hand panel). This result suggests that the formation of H2O2-induced copper-bound oxidant at the SOD1 active site precedes release of copper. Released copper would then be re-bound to HSA and other sites in SOD1 itself to react with excess H2O2 and induce free-radical-mediated site-specific fragmentation. To test this hypothesis, we measured H2O2-induced copper release from the bSOD1 active site by BCDS-assisted reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ as the formation of its red [Cu+(BCDS)2]3− complex (Figure 3B). Depending on the concentration of H2O2, 15 min of reaction was enough to release a significant amount of copper, an amount that would be sufficient to produce protein radicals, as we found previously by immuno-spin trapping in the HSA/Cu2+/H2O2 system . After 2 h, 5 mM H2O2 released approx. one-half of the available copper at the active site.
To study the effect of phosphate, (bi)carbonate and DTPA on oxidation of substrates too bulky to access the SOD1 active site, we examined the oxidation of guaiacol to tetraguaiacol (Figure 4A). We did not observe guaiacol oxidation when SOD1 was allowed to react with H2O2 in argon-purged (to eliminate CO2) PB, with or without DTPA. The strongest oxidation of guaiacol was observed when the reaction was carried out in 100 mM BB; this oxidation was inhibited by almost 30% with 0.1 mM DTPA and by over 50% with 100 mM PB. Phosphate may compete with (bi)carbonate for copper binding and also for access to the positively charged channel to the SOD1 active site. We obtained similar results when bSOD1 was replaced with hSOD1 (results not shown). Other peroxidase substrates such as ABTS [2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and NADPH were used with similar results (results not shown). We also observed that H2O2-induced loss of copper from the SOD1 active site was enhanced by (bi)carbonate and inhibited by phosphate (Figure 4B). Presumably, the oxidation of histidine residues at the SOD1 active site by CO3•− is responsible for this copper release, which occurs without SOD1 active-site fragmentation.
With or without DTPA, (bi)carbonate was observed to enhance the production of H2O2-induced SOD1 and HSA nitrone adducts (Figure 4C). However, levels of protein radicals were higher in the absence of DTPA than in its presence. Products of copper-mediated site-specific modification of SOD1 and HSA were observed when the reaction was carried out without DTPA, but they disappeared when DTPA was included (compare smears in Figure 4C left- and right-hand panels).
Radical chemistry induced by SOD1-driven CO3•− oxidations
Thus (bi)carbonate enhances H2O2-induced loss of copper from the enzyme active site, presumably by oxidizing active-site histidine residues, and this copper then re-binds to other SOD1 sites or to target proteins such as HSA. The re-bound copper acts as additional sites for peroxymonocarbonate reduction to CO3•−  (see also Figure 5), thus preventing site-specific fragmentation. Accordingly, in the following experiments, we used a physiological concentration of (bi)carbonate (i.e. ∼25 mM) in 100 mM PB with 0.1 mM DTPA in order to specifically study CO3•−-triggered free radicals in SOD1 itself and HSA (Figure 6A). Under these conditions, SOD1 and HSA radicals were observed as their monomer and dimer and required the addition of all components (Figure 6A, right-hand panel). This result confirms the proposal of Bonini at al.  that the CO3•− formed at the active site of SOD1 can diffuse out the channel to react with BSA, forming diverse radicals. CO3•−-triggered protein radicals increased with incubation time (results not shown). The oxidation profile of HSA (Figure 6A) was independent of whether bSOD1 or hSOD1 was used, establishing that the tryptophan radical formed from hSOD1 has little role in HSA oxidation (see Figure 7). In addition, SOD1-driven CO3•−-triggered oxidation of HSA, but not of SOD1 itself, was partially prevented by adding guaiacol to the reaction mixture (Figure 6B), with concomitant oxidation to tetraguaiacol (results not shown). These results suggest that, by scavenging CO3•−, guaiacol protected HSA against SOD1-driven oxidation.
Gaining further insights into the species oxidized by the (bi)carbonate-dependent species formed at the active site of SOD1, we observed that CA (carbonic anhydrase/dehydratase) enhanced H2O2-induced SOD1 and HSA nitrone adducts and was also a target for its own catalysed reactions, producing CA nitrone adducts (Figure 6C). Figure 7(A) shows a protein staining and a Western blot of hSOD1, isolated from human erythrocytes and allowed to react with H2O2 and DMPO in the absence of copper chemistry. Figure 7(A), middle panel, also shows the (bi)carbonate-dependent formation of a protein radical in the enzyme. The right-hand panel in Figure 7(A) shows that the formation of hSOD1 and HSA-centred radicals are dependent on (bi)carbonate and H2O2. Control experiments and dose-dependent effect of (bi)carbonate on hSOD1-driven protein radical production are shown in Figure 7(B). Human SOD1 isolated from transformed E. coli produced results similar to those of the human and bovine erythrocytic enzymes (not shown). Once again, our results show the importance of a (bi)carbonate-dependent and diffusible species capable of generating DMPO-trappable radical sites in SOD1 itself and in any other protein in the reaction microenvironment when SOD1 reacts with H2O2 in the presence of DTPA.
Protein radical formed by the hSOD1-driven CO3•−-mediated oxidations in mBH
We have devised experimental conditions to study protein oxidation driven by the bSOD1 or hSOD1/H2O2 systems that are important to understanding the mechanism of possible protein modifications in vivo. Here we used the SOD1/H2O2/DTPA/(bi)carbonate system to generate CO3•− without copper-derived OH•-like-induced oxidations. As a target protein mixture for CO3•−, we used mBH (Figure 8). We partially characterized the corresponding Coomassie Blue-stained gel bands using LC–ESI–MS/MS analyses. The Coomassie Blue-stained protein bands (corresponding to the anti-DMPO bands observed by Western blotting) were excised from the gel, digested and then subjected to LC–MS/MS analyses for protein identification.
Following LC–MS/MS analyses, the raw data were extracted and searched against the NCBI non-redundant database (species: mouse only) (Table 2). Only those proteins with a summed MS/MS score greater than 30 and at least two distinct tryptic peptides are listed. The immuno-spin trapping analysis detected six distinct protein bands. As shown in Table 2, many proteins were identified in each band of the Western blot. One or more of the identified proteins in each band may be a target of CO3•−-triggered modification, leading to formation of protein radicals that are trapped by DMPO. These protein radicals can be assigned to mitochondrial proteins, heat-shock proteins and cell cytoskeleton proteins (Table 2). The above results exhibit the utility of the combined approaches of immuno-spin trapping and MS to detect potential targets for oxidation by CO3•− in a complex system such as mBH.
The study of the mechanism of protein radical formation by the wild-type SOD1/H2O2 system is important to the understanding of tissue damage in neuroinflammatory pathologies such as fALS. In the present study, we investigated the H2O2-induced wild-type bSOD1- and hSOD1-driven production of protein radicals in SOD1 itself and the model protein targets HSA and mBH under experimental conditions that clearly separated copper- from CO3•−-initiated radical chemistry (Figure 5).
In some studies of the SOD1 and H2O2 reaction, the role of copper- and CO3•−-triggered oxidations is difficult to distinguish (Figure 5). In the absence of copper chelators, Bonini et al.  were the first to detect BSA radicals formed by CO3•−-triggered radical chemistry following the H2O2-induced peroxidative activity of SOD1 in the presence of (bi)carbonate; however, SOD1 radicals were not detected [4,19]. According to our results, this system would involve the reduction of peroxymonocarbonate to CO3•− by copper-bound oxidants located at the SOD1 active site and at many other sites in both SOD1 and BSA. In the absence of DTPA, the SOD1/HSA/H2O2 reaction in BB produced greater oxidative damage, mainly to side-chain residues (Table 1), than that in PB, as demonstrated by increases in DMPO-trappable SOD1 radicals and SOD1 inactivation (Figures 1A and 1B). In the absence of DTPA, reduction of peroxymonocarbonate and formation of CO3•− will occur at many sites outside the enzyme active site where copper is re-bound. In agreement with these observations, we have found previously that (bi)carbonate protected against site-specific fragmentation, but enhanced side-chain radical formation in HSA .
DTPA prevents the re-binding of copper to SOD1 or HSA, but, as previously reported, does not prevent oxidative damage to SOD1 at the enzyme active site . In addition, the oxidants formed at the SOD1 active site (Reactions 1 and 2) are generated in systems whether or not they contain DTPA, owing to the fact that this chelating agent does not have access to the SOD1 active site [8,13]. This can explain the failure of HSA, guaiacol or ABTS, even at high concentrations, to protect against SOD1's active-site fragmentation (∼10 and ∼5 kDa fragments) and to completely block SOD1 inactivation.
The copper-bound oxidant (an OH•-like species) at the SOD1 active site may well inactivate SOD1 at a different site from that inactivated by CO3•−. CO3•− is the species responsible for the oxidation of peroxidase substrates [11,13,21] and for oxidation of a key tryptophan residue and formation of a Trp–Trp cross-linkage in human SOD1 . (Bi)carbonate was required for DMPO-trappable protein radical formation and caused protein aggregation of SOD1, possibly due to the formation of side-chain radicals (Table 1). In any case, in our results, we have found very little difference between hSOD1 (recombinant or erythrocytic) and bSOD1, although bSOD1 does not contain any tryptophan (compare Figures 1B and 7A).
Previously, we have shown that CA enhances the (bi)carbonate-enhanced, H2O2-induced, copper-catalysed oxidation of a peroxidase substrate, suggesting the involvement of CO2 in the formation of CO3•− . Indeed, in the present study (Figure 6C), we have shown that when CA is included in the SOD1/H2O2/HSA/DTPA system with physiological concentrations of (bi)carbonate, it produces a dramatic concentration-dependent increase in (bi)carbonate-enhanced, H2O2-induced, SOD1-driven protein radicals. Our results indicate that, under our experimental conditions, peroxidase substrates, such as guaiacol, ABTS, NADPH, and proteins protect SOD1 against inactivation by 0.1 mM H2O2 in 100 mM (bi)carbonate with 0.1 mM DTPA because they scavenge CO3•−. Our results also suggest that the diffusible CO3•− can oxidize critical residues for SOD1 activity or for the transport of the superoxide radical anion through the enzyme cationic channel. In fact, at non-physiological concentrations above 25 mM, (bi)carbonate increases the rate of inactivation of SOD1 (Figure 1A) . The peroxidase substrate guaiacol competes with HSA for CO3•−, thus guaiacol acts as an alternative target to HSA with a consequent decrease in HSA-centred radical formation (Figure 6B), but does not completely prevent SOD1 inactivation (results not shown). This could be related to the proximity of SOD1 to CO3•− as it is formed .
In order to explain the pathways of CO3•−-initiated radical chemistry and the apparent discrepancy between protein radicals and dismutase activity, we propose a novel mechanism involving CO2 based on the enhancing effect of CA on protein radical formation (Figure 6C). Indeed, peroxymonocarbonate, which has been proposed to be an important physiological oxidant , oxidizes biological targets by a two-electron mechanism, and its oxidizing power is enhanced when reduced to CO3•− by catalysis with metal centres [4,31,37] (Figure 5). For the formation of CO3•−, we propose the formation of a free peroxymonocarbonate anion intermediate (HOOCO2−, see Figure 5); CO2 and hydrogen peroxide (OOH−/H2O2) are in equilibrium with HOOCO2− with a Keq=0.33 M−1 (Reaction 3) [19,38–40]. The addition of the deprotonized water (−OH) to CO2 is catalysed by CA. Analogously, we make the novel proposal that addition of deprotonized hydrogen peroxide (OOH−) to CO2 is likewise catalysed by CA: (Reaction 3)
Accordingly, the equilibrium shown in Reaction 3 probably proceeds via the intermediacy of CO2, where HOOCO2− is essentially a CO2 adduct of the OOH− . The reduction of HOOCO2− by H2O2-induced Cu+-SOD1 (Reaction 1) forms CO3•− directly, without any need for the formation of the high-energy bound oxidant at the enzyme's active site (Reaction 2). It has been suggested recently that the equilibrium constant for Reaction 3 is increased in the presence of biological targets such as proteins, lipids and CA mimetics, which may alter the equilibrium of gaseous CO2/dissolved CO2/HCO3− . Our proposal of a direct role for CA in peroxymonocarbonate anion formation (Reaction 3) is supported by the fact that the established mechanism of CA for the formation of (bi)carbonate (Reaction 4)  is very similar for peroxymonocarbonate , except that the base of hydrogen peroxide (OOH−) nucleophilically attacks CO2 instead of the base of water (OH−) where the Zn2+ of CA catalyses the deprotonation of HOOH and H2O respectively: (Reaction 4)
The ease of diffusion of peroxymonocarbonate anion through the anion channel of SOD1 and the substantially lower oxidation potential of CO3•− (E° ∼1.78 V) relative to that of the strong oxidant at the active site (E° ∼2.31 V) should be reflected in a much more kinetically favoured formation of protein radicals and would explain the protection afforded by (bi)carbonate against the fragmentation at the SOD1 active site induced by H2O2, which probably is initiated by the abstraction of the hydrogen of the amide bond  linking two amino acids near the active-site copper of SOD1. In addition, CO3•− diffuses and produces additional DMPO-trappable radical sites in the side chains of SOD1 itself and HSA (Table 1), but it does not produce protein fragmentation . Our results suggest that CO3•− can produce protein radicals or oxidize proteins at side chains , but it cannot induce backbone cleavages and further protein fragmentation as the copper-bound oxidant does [12,31]. The enhanced inhibition of the enzyme by (bi)carbonate may be the consequence of the oxidation of residues by the diffusible CO3•−, which may be important for driving superoxide radical anion through the SOD1 anion channel to its active site.
Our model of hSOD1-driven CO3•−-initiated protein oxidation is supported by our finding that the SOD1/H2O2/DTPA/(bi)carbonate system, in which Cu+ reduces peroxymonocarbonate to form CO3•−, oxidizes a set of well-distinguished bands of proteins in mBH (Figure 8). Immuno-spin trapping in combination with MS technology [30,44] has allowed the identification of potential targets of CO3•−-mediated oxidations in mBH. The identification of the protein radicals and their subcellular location using murine models of fALS  may be important to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fALS.
We have established experimental conditions that separate copper- from CO3•−-initiated protein oxidations in the SOD1/H2O2 system, which may help us to develop an experimental model to characterize biological targets in fALS. The identification of these proteins may be a starting point for investigations aimed at identifying critical proteins in neurons overexpressing the hSOD1 mutant proteins that are targets for oxidation and thus may have a critical role in this neuroinflammatory disease.
This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. D.C.R. acknowledges support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [grant number R00ES015415] and the start-up funds from the Presbyterian Health Foundation.
We thank Ms Mary Mason and Dr Ann Motten for helping in the pre-submission editing of this manuscript.
Abbreviations: ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); BB, sodium (bi)carbonate buffer (pH 7.4); BCA, bicinchoninic acid; BCDS, bathocuproine disulfonic acid; CA, carbonic anhydrase; DMPO, 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide; DTPA, diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid; ESI, electrospray ionization; fALS, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; HSA, human serum albumin; LC, liquid chromatography; mBH, mouse brain homogenate; MS/MS, tandem MS; PB, sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4); SOD1, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase; bSOD1, bovine SOD1; hSOD1, human SOD1
- © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society

domain: chemistry


Barrett Taylor and the crew at ECO have developed an environmentally friendly PWC that has zero emissions and no sound. On the surface this seems like a no-brainer. Surfers have been leading the enviro-conscious movement for decades. We thought we should check into the Eco Watercraft and talk with Barrett Taylor to find out more about this exciting environmental PWC improvement.
Barrett, the concept of an environmentally friendly PWC seems like something that makes a ton of sense. You have a YouTube video making the rounds, which is interesting, but for those that haven’t seen it, give us a quick overview of the Eco Watercraft.
This is the first of its kind, a fully electric PWC that runs on a few hundred pounds of lithium-ion batteries. They are fully sealed, waterproof, airtight, and destruction proof. We think it is the future of PWC. It has zero emissions. It is completely silent. When you are done using it, you pull it up to the dock and plug it into a solar-powered generator.
How long does it take to fully charge the Eco Watercraft?
On a 240-volt it takes about three hours, on a 120-volt it could take up to six hours. The average rider uses their ski about 15 times a year. Of course, if you could use it everyday that would be great too, just charge it overnight.
Surfers put their lives on the line with gas powered PWCs at Mavericks, Jaws, and other spots all around the world. Plus lifeguards around the world use the PWC for lifesaving. Can the Eco Watercraft compete with a gas-powered PWC in regards to acceleration, torque, top speeds in critical situations, and safety?
I don’t know if you’ve seen the Tesla electric car, but it can really take-off, it has 100 percent torque all the time. The electric components in our Eco Watercraft are similar, and we have unlimited power from the get-go. It can take off, and top speeds will be at 65 mph. Prototype No. 1 that we developed was actually able to reach a 50 mph speed, and we are in the process of building the ECO prototype No. 2, which will be the luxury model. This machine will be able to go 60+ mph and will have a longer run time than a gasoline version. Three hours run time at cruising speeds, but at the higher speeds it will run well over an hour. We are still doing some experimentation with the ECO and gasoline versions. We want the specs to exceed the gasoline version, and so far we have achieved the majority of specs.
As far as pickup, as you might know, electric vehicles have 100 percent torque anytime needed. That means when going 40 mph you could accelerate 100 percent up to your desired speed. We believe we will have a tremendous advantage for lifeguards and national parks. The hull design will be equal to or superior to what is out currently. We cannot disclose exact materials, but we are looking at producing an ECO-friendly hull with some carbon fiber to lighten the ski. The next video we have out will have big-wave surfers proving that this is the case.
To somebody who isn’t mechanically inclined, who does the technology work, in layman's terms?
The ECO runs off a large number of lithium-ion batteries connected to a controller, which regulates the amount of power supplied to the motor. There is a potentiometer, which is sort of like a gas pedal--in this case, the throttle, which is what tells the controller how much power to take from the batteries and deliver to the motor, which in turn drives the impeller. The impeller is a propeller that is inside the boat, which is equal to a jet system, which is why they are called Jet Skis.
Who do you have testing it out?
Well, we are actively looking right now. We’ve got e-mails suggesting we should get Laird Hamilton. We are looking for a surfer that is actively pursuing the "green" lifestyle.
Well, all surfers are going to say that they are "green." Machado, Laird, the Malloys. They all make sense. You’d be hard pressed to find a surfer that is not "green."
Well we need some big-name surfers. We will have some prototypes for big-wave venues, and at Ironman venues, and even some Jet Ski competitions. So the enthusiasts, the guys that are used to riding on the best equipment in the world, they will be able to test it and either completely bash it or completely talk it up. It is a unique experience. It is completely silent. No sound.
I would say that most surfers would want this PWC completely charged and at top power for at least six hours. Same with lifeguards.
Well, nobody is going full bore all the time for six hours. But yeah, it will be fully powered until it is dead. And, of course, there will be instruments that notify you. There will be safety features that give you a heads up. We are even thinking about solar powered lily pads that you can throw out on the water and charge up with.
Wow, that sounds like version 2.0. Barrett, as you know, the area where a lot of California big-wave surfing takes place, NOAA’s Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary, does not allow for PWC use. There are some waivers for Mavericks. If the National Weather Service issues a high-surf warning from November through February, I believe then you can take out a PWC, but only at Half Moon Bay. Do you think the Eco Watercraft will help ease these restrictions, and open up the entire area?
I graduated from ASU with an environmental degree. The first thing is emissions and pollution. We’ve eliminated that. I have received e-mail from people that are worried about seals. We are looking into sonar to notify the surface inhabitants. An after-market kit that you can slap on it and this will notify sea life. As it is now, there is still plenty of vibration--even though the Eco Watercraft is completely silent, there is sufficient vibration from the craft to notify sea life.
Well, we look forward to seeing how your product works out. Thanks for your time.
Right on, Scott. Thanks for contacting us, and I’ll be sure to give you a call for a test run.


text:
The hotel has got a spacious buffet-style restaurant offering a wide variety of food for breakfast, lunch and dinner.
The hotel has acquired a new buffet system with an extension of the Show-Cooking in which a wide variety of dishes cooked to order will be served and that will be aseptically delivered to the customer according to their requests, replacing the traditional self-service.
- BREAKFAST (8.00 a.m. – 10.00 a.m.*)
- LUNCH (1.00 p.m. – 3.00 p.m.*)
- DINNER (8.00 p.m. – 10.00 p.m. *)
For lunch and dinner we offer our guests a wide variety of the following dishes:
Pasta, rice, vegetables, salads, hot and cold soups, meats, fish, home-made pastries, seasonal fruits and ice creams.
- Drinks are not included either in the half board or full board packages.
- Show-cooking (depending on the season) takes place here.
- A complimentary welcome cocktail is included in every reservation
- *Timetables are subject to change
If you are planning to visit our hotel and suffer from gluten intolerance, please do not hesitate to contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org and we will give you more information you about the gluten-free dishes we have on offer.
Gran Hotel Las Fuentes**** (Alcocéber/Alcossebre) has 3 different bars for all our guests. Bar “Tropical” with a wonderful terrace with sea views over the Mediterranean Sea, a game area and ballroom with dancing every night. Coffee Bar “Royal” with a wide outdoor terrace (open according to season). The pool bar “Palapa” where you can drink a cocktail inside the water or in the gardens (opening time on high season).
Our aim is to make your stay as comfortable as possible.

domain: travel


29 May I would like to build the th jig. Can anybody give me the dimensions of the base. I see pics of bases that look like they are using angle. 14 Mar I have found file with the dimensions of the “die” part of this bender on this page. Here are some plans and photos to build a jig to turn AK flats into bent receivers. Credit goes to the original author, which isn’t me. Megaupload.
|Published (Last):||23 June 2006|
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How often are you making receivers of different sizes?
AFAIKthere are no drawings with dimensions. If you are building a 1mm jjig, then the box part of the jig 555th jig to be 2mm wider than the 1.
Doing so will result in your account being deleted.
I know a picture speaks a thousand 555gh. All times are GMT 555th jig you registered but then th jig 555th jig is not there, jib above. Any thoughts on dimensions?
I’m considering bending flats for my kits.
To be honest my design is th jig school and was 555th jig for the only flats available at the time which were Tapco. I give an answer. Or you 555th jig find th jig here: Find More Posts by sluggermn.
th Receiver Jig plans – The AK Files Forums
Since then he has come up with jkg pretty complete 555th jig Building website for tools and supplies. Shop all the current Lone Wolf closeouts 555th jig.
June 13, admin 0 Comments. Jigg 555th jig to try EXP’s new flats with the extra dimples if he ever gets them to market. Thread Tools Show Printable Version. I really want to build me a rifle but i gotts do it on a budget.
The time now is I really want 555th jig build me a rifle 555th jig i gotts do it on a budget. When you make your fixture to press it th jig, just add. The only thing that’s removed for the center piece is 5555th, I thinkThe relief for the magazineright? Can anybody give me the dimensions of the base.
I have a daughter. Going forward if you want it public, then it will be public.
555th jig eBook
How often are you making receivers of different sizes? 555th jig of the commercially available jigs are based on his design. I would first like to thank th for his awesome receiver jig plans, they worked great for me. I only suggest this because I had trouble seeing one of the dimensions because it is blurry no matter how 555th jig you make it, and I had to redo my jig.
Sponsored Links Remove Advertisements. Thanks again everyone, especially the K.
If you registered but then your account is not there, read above. The time now is The time now 555th jig I would like to build the th jig. Find More Posts by jwolf All times are GMT. 555th jig code is On.


text:
Two of the U.S. Army’s longest-serving installations are located in the nation’s heartland, the state of Kansas. Although Kansas also hosts McConnell Air Force Base, the Army, with more than 13,000 personnel, provides by far the largest military presence in the Jayhawk State.
Founded in 1827, Fort Leavenworth is nearing its second century as an active military post, making it the nation’s longest serving U.S. Army post outside of Washington, D.C. Named for Colonel Henry Leavenworth of the U.S. 3rd Infantry, the installation originally served as a forwarding destination for the thousands of immigrants, laborers, land settlers, soldiers and surveyors who participated in the nation’s early to mid-19th century westward expansion along the Santa Fe Trail.
Operational services headquartered at Leavenworth include TRADOC (the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command) which oversees and maintains CAC (the U.S. Army Combined Arms Center). CAC’s responsibilities are multi-faceted and essential to the U.S. Army’s worldwide mission, critical in the areas of Army doctrine, current and future battle command, collective training and leadership development. Fort Leavenworth’s sprawling grounds are also home to the Military Corrections Complex which contains the United States Disciplinary Barracks and the Midwest Joint Regional Correctional Facility. The Disciplinary Barracks are notable for being the only maximum security prison under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense. Fort Leavenworth’s long and illustrious history is also notable for being the birthplace of the legendary mid-to-late 19th century Buffalo Soldiers regiment which consisted of only African-American soldiers. The regiment was instrumental during battles against Native Americans in the 1860s and 1870s.
Another crucial forwarding point for westward expansion in the mid-1800s was Fort Riley, located near Junction City, Kansas. Established in 1853 and named for Major General Bennett C. Riley, the installation served as one of the first U.S. Cavalry posts, and served as the military’s primary training facilities for ongoing cavalry practice and tactics following the Civil War. Future General George Custer served at Fort Riley and participated in several notable skirmishes with invading Native Americans during his tenure.
Over the course of Fort Riley’s century-and-a-half of active service, its primary tenants have been the 1st Infantry Division, consisting of three armored brigade combat teams, combat aviation and sustainment brigades, division headquarters and battalion and the 3rd Weather Squadron. In and around Fort Riley are several notable museums including the U.S. Cavalry Museum, the 1st Infantry Division Museum, the Custer Home, the (still-standing) building that housed the first Territorial Capitol of Kansas, and for aficionados of historic military hardware, a visit to Freedom Park, which overlooks Fort Riley, offers an M65 Atomic Cannon.

domain: history


text:
Thousands march against racism in many German cities
The killing in the US of George Floyd by the police was protested with a big demonstration in Cologne and others in Stuttgart and Freiburg.
Demonstrations against racism and the killing of George Floyd in the US have been held in various German cities.
Tens of thousands began to gather in Deutzer Werft since noon. The action was organized by Antifa, which required people to leave flags and dress in black. The vast majority of the demonstrators were young people. The Kurdish Democratic Community Centre and Women's council members in Cologne, Bonn and the surrounding area also joined with their own banners.
8 MINUTES, 46 SECONDS OF SILENCE
A silent sit-in was carried out 8 minutes 46 seconds, the time during which Floyd ended to breathe.
In Stuttgart Schlossgarten, people from different identities and backgrounds joined the actions to protest racism. The Kurdish Democratic Community Centre distributed leaflets condeming the killing of both Floyd and Baris Çakan who was stabbed in Ankara for listening to Kurdish music.
Over 15 thousand people joined the march in Stuttgart.
Germany's racist attacks in the city of Freiburg and the AKP-MHP American fascist racism block of feed results in Turkey were protesting the massacre of the Peace Çakan.
Thousands flowed into areas against racism and the fascist policies of the regimes. George Floyd and Barış Çakan banners prepared by Tevgera Ciwanên Şoreşger and Jinên Ciwanên Azad activists drew attention.


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Hi everyone, hoping for advice and support 💗🙏
I’ve recently been diagnosed with stage 4 endo after going to a private gynaecologist and had my laparoscopy a few weeks ago.
I’ve suffered with horrific periods since my very first one nearly 15 years ago. I go to see the GP every so often maybe each year about period issues (horrific pain etc) and they have never helped me or believed me. I started developing new symptoms of an ovarian cyst a while back it was awful pain for 2 weeks. A new GP gave me a gynae referral but the wait for the app was 6months that’s before any wait for scans or surgery. This prompted me to go private.
I was diagnosed with stage 4 endo after a verbal consultation. I then had a vaginal ultrasound which revealed an endometrioma cyst. A few weeks later I had my laparoscopy done which confirmed the diagnosis. I’m amazed how quickly this has all happened, something I’ve basically been waiting my whole adult life for. I’m relived to be believed! But my mental health is struggling with it all.
Has anyone else paid to go private for surgery? How did you find it? I’m so glad I got sorted but there’s basically no aftercare which is disappointing. I’m hoping to go back to my GP soon and explain what’s happened so I can get referred to a gynaecologist in the NHS for support/monitoring. I guess to be on the radar so I don’t have to pay for anymore private care. Really interested to hear if anyone else has gone down this route.
Lots of love and well wishes to you all 🙏💗⭐

domain: medical


text:
Patriots linebacker Darius Fleming wasn’t a huge factor in the Patriots win against the Chiefs but what he contributed off the field mattered much more.
Two nights before the Pats big playoff game against the Chiefs, Fleming disregarded his own health and safety to save a woman from a burning car.
Here’s what Fleming told the The Boston Globe
“She was attempting to kick the window out but she was a small lady,” Fleming said (via the Boston Globe). “I didn’t panic, but I was just like, ‘I got to get her out.’ I tried to break (the window) with my elbow, but that didn’t work, so I just started kicking the window. Eventually it broke, pulled her out, made sure she was OK, and I looked at my leg and I noticed it was bleeding pretty bad.”
Fleming’s story was later confirmed by writer Chris Villan.

domain: sports