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Too much consumption of sugar can prove to be harmful for your health. But the researchers claim that anything in moderation does not cause much harm to your health. Having sweet delicacies not only helps prevent ageing and ensures proper blood flow and also helps lose weight.
Consumption of chocolates could be beneficial in several ways as follows as per the recent study being conducted.
An antioxidant named flavanol is found in plants that accelerates the blood flow to the brain. The higher the cocoa content in your chocolate the better it is for your health. The antioxidants found in fruit and vegetables, which help fight free-radicals that lead to wrinkles, are just as potent in cocoa-rich chocolate. Some research suggests that chocolates could be even more beneficial than fruit, because of their higher antioxidant level.
The research that was published in the scientific journal Nutritional Neuroscience put forth a fact that emphasized on the various aspects related to your mood pattern. Chocolates, have high content of magnesium which generates relaxation and a neurotransmitter that triggers good mood. The cholesterol levels get lowered and also the blood pressure level gets stable. The flexibility of veins and arteries also gets improved due to the presence of flavanols and plant sterols.


HHLA feels negative impact of COVID-19
German terminal operator Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG (HHLA) reported decreases in both revenue and earnings in the first three months of this year due to the challenging market environment.
The company also recorded a moderate decrease in its container throughput and a significant decline in container transport.
As explained, this is attributable to stormy conditions in Northern Europe as well as the first signs of slowing economic activity in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic.
HHLA said that its revenue was down by 3.4 per cent to € 335.7 million in Q1 2020 from € 347.6 million seen in the corresponding period a year earlier.
The operating result (EBIT) decreased by 38.6 per cent to € 36.7 million in Q1 2020 from € 59.7 million posted in Q1 2019.
Similarly, profit after tax dropped by 53.4 per cent and amounted to € 17.9 million in the first quarter, against € 38.4 million recorded in the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
“Our expectations for the current financial year were marked by optimism; however, we are aware that external conditions for our business have been changing for some time due to a range of factors. The effects of the storms in the spring and the rapid spread of the coronavirus pandemic have nevertheless left a mark on our performance figures,” Angela Titzrath, Chairwoman of HHLA’s Executive Board, commented.
“We have to adapt to a situation that we have never experienced in our company’s history and that we cannot influence. 2020 will be one of the most challenging years in the history of HHLA. However, we will use our experience to find ways out of this crisis and continue to successfully develop HHLA.”
Performance of HHLA’s Port Logistics subgroup in the first quarter
The listed Port Logistics subgroup recorded a moderate decrease of 3.7 per cent in revenue which stood at € 327.4 million in the first three months of 2020, compared to € 339.8 million in the same period last year. EBIT decreased sharply by 41.7 per cent to € 32.5 million from € 55.7 million seen in Q1 2019.
In the Container segment, the throughput volume at HHLA’s container terminals decreased by 3.7 per cent overall to 1,796 thousand standard containers (TEU) in Q1 2020 from 1,865 thousand TEUs handled in Q1 2019.
At the three Hamburg container terminals, the throughput volume of 1,652 thousand TEU was down 4.1 per cent on the same period last year.
Ship delays resulting from the severe storms over Northern Europe and blank sailings resulting from the coronavirus pandemic led to a moderate decrease in cargo volumes from the Far East.
Handling volumes at HHLA’s international container terminals in Odessa and Tallinn were on a par with the previous year at 144 thousand TEU.
Revenue decreased year-on-year by 2.6 per cent to € 195.6 million in the first quarter of 2020. This was primarily caused by the decrease in volumes resulting from the pandemic. Primarily due to the drop in volume, the operating result declined by € 12 million or 31.7 per cent year-on-year to € 25.8 million.
In the Intermodal segment, container transport also decreased by 5.1 per cent to 378 thousand TEU.
Outlook for the 2020 financial year
Extraordinary measures to contain the spread of the virus have been implemented worldwide. Both at a national level and in international transportation, this is leading to a contraction in economic activity whose true impact and duration cannot be reliably gauged, the terminal operator explained.
The contraction is affecting all areas of the economy, including international trade, which is critical to HHLA.
“It is not possible to make any reliable forecasts under the current conditions, but we can assume that revenue and operating result (EBIT) for the Port Logistics subgroup will be strongly below previous year. This is primarily due to the possible at least temporarily sharp declines in container throughput and transport,” according to HHLA.
“Notwithstanding the current business development, HHLA is well positioned for the future. Despite the strains put upon us by the coronavirus pandemic, the existing liquidity will allow us to fulfil our payment obligations,” Chairwoman of the Executive Board concluded.


SCHOOL BUDGET: Johnston Board To Vote On Cuts
The Johnston School Board votes on budget cuts Monday, with 14 full time positions on the line.
Members are voting on the budget during a special meeting starting at 6:00 p.m.
The district is dealing with a $1.2 million deficit in the general fund. School board officials blame state funding cuts and slow growth for the shortfall.
The superintendent says the 14 personnel reductions are covered by planned early retirements, attrition, or resignations.
The board is also considering more than 20 other cost saving measures.


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Published at Tuesday, September 19th, 2017 - 05:41:25 AM. lamps. By Whetu Haanraads.
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Some shaded desk lamp styles are also touch lamps, which allows the owner to turn the lamp on and off with a simple touch of the finger. The place to activate and deactivate the lamp is typically on the base, where a sensor detects whether the lamp has been touched and sends a signal for the lamp to illuminate.
Studies have shown that small quantities of negative ions can quickly kill bacteria in the air. Negative ions are found in huge quantities in vicinities of natural settings like the forest and waterfall, and the quantities of these ions drop drastically in the presence of electrical equipment, like TV sets, computers and microwave ovens. Electrical equipment produce positive ions, which are known as "fatigue" ions, because they have harmful effects on the body. So the salt lamp is kind of like a natural ionizer that can be used to freshen up the air in the room. Imagine your room smelling like the rainforest or fresh after a thunderstorm! Some common areas where people put their salt lamps would be next to a computer, or other electrical equipment to "neutralize" the positive ions. Putting one at your bed side table could do wonders to improve your sleep quality.
Any content, trademark’s, or other material that might be found on the Couchbaron website that is not Couchbaron’s property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does Couchbaron claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.
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domain: finance


Tim Dettwiller has been the Superintendent of Madison-Plains Local Schools since August 2014. Prior to being named Superintendent Dettwiller served as the district's Treasurer/CFO for four years and as Treasurer/CFO for Springboro Schools for 10 years. Tim also worked as a Deputy Auditor for the Auditor of State of Ohio's office for 13 years.
Tim is a 1987 graduate of Wilmington College with a BA in Accounting and a Masters Degree in Educational Leadership from Ashland University.
Tim has been married to his wife Robin for the last 30 years. They have 4 children, Tim Jr., Jimmy, Rebecca and Rachel and four grandchildren.


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Trump is narrowly leading and Clinton could certainly come back and win Ohio.
Trump's daughter Ivanka and Clinton are close friends. It could earn Hillary Clinton sympathy from female voters.
And it could open a conversation about Trump's less-than-perfect marital history.
Positive ads, by contrast, don't work, especially with a candidate such as Clinton who has been in the public eye for decades.
If that's where the numbers wind up settling, that would reflect a meaningful bounce for Clinton, who was ahead by just 1 or 2 points nationally before the debate and in a tenuous position in key Electoral College states, such as Pennsylvania and Colorado.
"I had to put up with the anchor and fight the anchor all the time on everything I said", Trump told backers in New Hampshire.
After watching the debate, Donovan said, "I would not vote for either candidate".
The nonpartisan Commission on Presidential Debates said Friday there was indeed a problem with Donald Trump's microphone during Monday night's first general election debate.
But in the hours and days after the debate - widely acknowledged as Trump's weakest public performance since launching his political career - the presidential nominee's campaign launched a full -throated offensive. He repeatedly said "I saved her job" and added in seeming regret: "I helped somebody and this is what you get for helping somebody".
But she defended the strategy.
The Republican nominee launched the latest salvo of attacks in an interview with Fox News's Bill O'Reilly where he claimed Holt "was much, much tougher on me than he was on Hillary".
Others on the right also brought up old allegations.
That was a reference to Bill Clinton. "But Millennials don't like Hillary anyway".
"It would be, I think, disaster to have him as president", Katz says. He said Machado promised to continue supporting her and said she would stand up to the attacks. "That was no victory for feminism".
I relate to the concerns about Trump, but I don't get the apparent blindness of some to the egregiousness of Clinton. "It's another case of the candidate's impulsive, erratic instincts becoming the strategy".
Clinton's strength in Florida, a state Trump nearly certainly needs to win if he is to compile 270 electoral votes, owes to her advantage among women and overwhelming support among Hispanics and African-Americans, the poll showed. "I mean, that, to me, is far more troubling than whatever his most recent screed against my mom or my family [is]".
"This is a man who has called women pigs, slobs and dogs", Clinton said during the debate. Clinton had no explanation for that, either, except the exhausted argument that George W. Bush caused it eight years ago - because he happened to be in office when the financial meltdown, mainly caused by do-gooder liberal housing policies, nearly wrecked the economy, and none of it is Obama's fault, simply because nothing is ever his fault. Corruption and scandal. And impeachment for lying. Now he's considering Trump but says he's still undecided. "We will be the very bright and clean future".
There is also a real possibility that bringing up Bill Clinton's transgressions could backfire, by once again casting his wife in the role of a wronged spouse. And reminders of them only boost her popularity. He was subsequently acquitted by the Senate.
"He can run his campaign however he chooses. That's up to him", she said. "I'm going to keep talking about the stakes in this election". Mr. Trump's opponent, whom you endorsed, has shown that she does not respect our laws, has violated the law with impunity and has undermined the American people for her personal gain.

domain: politics


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Associate Professor in Public Law at the Faculty of Legal, Political and Social Sciences in Tunis
Visiting Assistant Professor at Al-Quds Bard College, Al-Quds University, Palestine
Professor of English and Cultural Studies
President of the Adyan Foundation, Professor of Religious Sciences and Islamic Studies
Researcher in Arabic and Islamic Studies, Vice-Rector for Research, University of Seville
Agata S. Nalborczyk
Head of the Department for European Islam Studies, Faculty of Oriental Studies – University of Warsaw.
Associate Professor in the Study of Religion, Faculty of Theology and Religion
Research Assistant in Exegesis of the Koran and Violence in the Holy Scriptures – Universität Paderborn
Bénédicte Du Chaffaut
Researcher at the Centre d’Etudes des Cultures et des Religions of the Catholic University of Lyon
Doctor habilitated to direct research in political sciences, professor of sociology of religions and Islam studies
Personal Status Laws of Women in Egypt and Palestine
Title of the lecture : ‘Institutionalized Islam in Personal Status Laws and Challenged Position of Women as ‘the Other’’ In most of the Muslim-majority countries, personal status laws are the ma...
The other in Islamic civilization: from the immanence of cultures to divine transcendence
Lecture given at the 3rd International Congress of Pluriel on the theme “Islam and Otherness”, on 24 May 2022, at Saint Joseph University in Beirut. Read abstract on the French tab.
Prophetess – Virgin – Mother. Mary in the Koran
Geography of a forbidden land, women’s bodies: the image of women in Hanbalite fatwas in French-language works
Islam thought by a woman
Female figures of holiness, Muslim and Christian, in the MENA region
Inner Islam, passion and disenchantment
The demystified veil

domain: sociology


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Las Vegas, NV -- (SBWIRE) -- 09/21/2013 -- EquityObserver.com covers the breadth of the markets, from stocks and bonds to ETFs, options, emerging markets, activities at the Fed and more.EquityObserver.com issues a special report on the following stocks: ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(NASDAQ:ISIS), Array Biopharma Inc(NASDAQ:ARRY) , Baxter International Inc.(NYSE:BAX) , Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(NASDAQ:ARIA)
ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(NASDAQ:ISIS) managed to keep its fall at -0.58% on above-normal volume of 3.64 million shares. The stock settled at $36.06 after floating in a range of $35.16 to $37.09. Its latest price was $36.06, reaching market capitalization of $4.16 million. Its 52-week range has been $7.55 to $37.09. Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. engages in the discovery and development of antisense drugs using novel drug discovery platform. The company?s flagship product, KYNAMRO injection.
Has ISIS Found The Bottom and Ready To Move Up? Find Out Here
Array Biopharma Inc(NASDAQ:ARRY) traded down on a volume of 4.63 million, higher than its standard daily volume. Shares have dropped -1.49% to $6.30. Over the last twelve months, the stock has added 8.53% and faced a best price of $7.10. Array BioPharma Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, focuses on the discovery, development, and commercialization of small molecule drugs to treat patients afflicted with cancer and inflammatory diseases primarily in North America.
Has ARRY Found The Bottom And Ready To Gain Momentum? Find Out Here
Baxter International Inc.(NYSE:BAX) settled -0.86% lower at $71.58 on above-normal volume of 3.36 million shares during the last trading day. The stock has its 12-month high at $74.60 and 52-week low price was $59.61. It traded in a range of $71.51 to $72.62 during the last trading day. Baxter International Inc., through its subsidiaries, develops, manufactures, and markets products for people with hemophilia, immune disorders, infectious diseases, kidney disease, trauma, and other chronic and acute medical conditions.
Why Should Investors Buy BAX After the Recent Fall ? Just Go Here and Find Out
Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(NASDAQ:ARIA) saw its price fall on above-normal volume, as 3.37 million shares changed hands when compared with its average daily volume of 2.74million shares. The stock was down -5.89% to $.0280. It has fallen/gained over the last 12 months, dropping -14.34% and marked new low $15.35. ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an oncology company, focuses on the discovery, development, and commercialization of medicines for cancer patients.
Will ARIA Get Buyers Even After The Recent Rally? Find Out Here
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Every year researchers introduce numerous medications for the treatment of various medical disorders. The following is a partial list of formulations approved for health care provider prescription.
Kynamro™ (mipomersen sodium)
Researchers developed this medication for the decrease of low-density lipoproteins or bad cholesterol. The medication acts by inhibiting the formation of atherogenic lipoproteins, which represent the particles that carry cholesterol through the blood. Kynamro™ gained FDA approval following a 26-week trial performed on 51 subjects. Adverse effects include injection site inflammation and flu-like symptoms, including headaches and nausea.
This oral medication regulates blood sugar levels by inactivating the incretin hormone GLP-1, a glucagon type peptide-1 and GIP, glucose insulin tropic peptide. Physicians might prescribe the medication in conjunction with diet and exercise to control glucose levels in adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taken as a daily 25-milligram dose, Nesina® gained FDA approval after researchers performed various trials on 1,768 patients. Individuals may experience headache, nasopharyngitis, headache, or an upper respiratory infection while on the medication.
The seasonal influenza vaccine represents a trivalent recombinant inoculation manufactured without eggs or live viruses. The vaccine contains HA proteins from three strains of viruses commonly seen during the flu season. The proteins act as antigens, which provoke an immunity response. Flubok® protects individuals aged 18 through 49 against the type A and B influenza viruses. The FDA approved the vaccine following double-blind studies performed on 4,648 adults. Individuals may experience fatigue, headaches, muscle aches, or injection site reactions from Flubok®.
Researchers developed this synthetic corticosteroid in an oral, extended release form that slowly dissolves in the intestines as a treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Having an enteric coating, Uceris™ comes in 9-milligram tablets that patients take whole one time daily in the morning before eating. The treatment may last for up to eight weeks. The medication obtained FDA approval following double-blind studies on 970 patients. The many adverse effects patients may experience while taking the medication include constipation, flatulence, abdominal distention, headache, nausea, and fatigue.
This medication inhibits membranes containing kinases required for cellular function in normal and pathogenic cellular growths that include cancers or tumors. Scientists developed the medication for patients diagnosed with advanced metastatic gastrointestinal tumors previously treated with imatinib mesylate or sunitinib. Physicians prescribe four 40-milligram tablets daily over the course of 21 days every 28 days. Patients continue treatment until experiencing tumor minimization or toxicity. The FDA approved the anti-tumor medication after researchers performed double-blind studies on 199 patients. Adverse effects commonly experienced while taking Stivarga® include fatigue, anorexia, diarrhea, gastrointestinal inflammation, fever, nausea, rash, and weight loss.
Kadcyla™ (ado-trastuzumab emtansine)
The HER-2 targeted antibody developed as an alternative treatment for breast cancer. The medication attaches to HER-2 receptors causing cells to release cytotoxic chemicals that interfere with microscopic tubules contained within the cellular network. Eventually, the cell stops functioning and dies. Oncologists may prescribe the medication for HER-2 metastatic breast cancers previously treated with trastuzumab or taxane. Administered as an intravenous infusion, patients receive Kadcyla™ every three weeks until tumor shrinkage or toxicity occurs. Impressive trials on 991 breast cancer patients gained the medication FDA approval. Possible adverse reactions associated with the anti-tumor medication include constipation, headache, fatigue, and nausea in addition to joint or muscle pain and a diminished number in blood-clotting thrombocytes.[divider] [/divider]
Paul Skagit is a freelance writer who concentrates his efforts on medical research, health education, medical technology, general technology, general science and other relevant topics. Those curious about medical research should click here to view the resources from hudsonrobotics.com.
Image | Source

domain: medical


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Peter Rowan - Biography
By J Poet
Peter Rowan has one of the widest ranging and most eclectic career of any bluegrass musician. He played with the father of bluegrass Bill Monroe, founded the folk rock band Earth Opera with David Grisman, played with Jerry Garcia in the infamous Old and in the Way, fronted country rock band The Rowans with his brothers Chris and Lorin, and carved out his own respected career as a solo artist.
Rowan was born in Boston, into a family of musicians, and was playing bluegrass by the time he was a teenager, influenced by The Lilly Brothers. He had a rock band in high school called The Cupids. They were a popular regional band, but never recorded. In 1961, he attended Colgate University, but dropped out and headed south to Washington DC where bluegrass really took hold of his soul. In 1964, he was hired to play guitar on a Bill Monroe recording session. Monroe loved his playing and singing and hired him for The Bluegrass Boys. Rowan became Monroe’s duet partner and learned how to sing bluegrass harmonies from the man who invented them.
Rowan left The Bluegrass Boys in 1967 after meeting David Grisman. They put together the first and only rock/bluegrass/psychedelic band Earth Opera. After two classic albums Earth Opera (1968 Elektra) and The Great American Eagle Tragedy (1969 Elektra) they broke up. In 1970, his brothers Chris and Lorin had settled in San Francisco. Peter joined them and reunited with Richard Greene, another former Blue Grass Boy. They started a progressive rock, bluegrass, folk, and jazzy blues band called Seatrain.
After one album, Seatrain (1969 A&M), Rowan and Green left to start Muleskinner with David Grisman, Clarence White and Bill Keith. Originally they got together to open a show for the Bluegrass Boys on a PBS special. That legendary show was finally released as Muleskinner Live – The Original Television Soundtrack (1998 Hollywood.) It may be the first newgrass recording. Warner Brothers released another great set, Muleskinner (1973 Warner), before band members moved on. Muleskinner fan Jerry Garcia tapped Rowan and Grisman for Old and In The Way (1974 Rounder), a chart hit thanks to the Grateful Dead connection. Old And In The Way reunited after Garcia's death in 1995, as Old And In The Gray (2002 Acoustic Disc.) In 1971, Rowan wrote "Panama Red," which became a signature tune for The New Riders of the Purple Sage.
In 1975, The Rowans, Peter, Lorin and Chris, played in a country/rock band that cut several albums for Asylum and Appaloosa, The Rowan Brothers (1972 Asylum) The Rowans (1975 Asylum), Sibling Rivalry (1977 Asylum), and Livin' the Life (1980 Appaloosa.)
Rowan started his solo career in 1978, continuing to blend bluegrass with other musical forms. The catalogue includes Peter Rowan (1978 Flying Fish), which included contributions from Flaco Jimenez, Richard Greene, and Tex Logan, The Walls of Time (1982 Sugar Hill), a newgrass session with Ricky Skaggs and Sam Bush, Red Hot Pickers (1984 Sugar Hill), The First Whippoorwill (1985 Sugar Hill), New Moon Rising (1988 Sugar Hill), nominated for a Best Traditional Folk Album Grammy, Dust Bowl Children (1990 Sugar Hill), a solo acoustic album that won the National Association of Independent Record Distributors award for Folk Album of the Year, Tree on a Hill (1994 Sugar Hill) with his brothers, Taj Mahal, and Richard Green, Reggaebilly (2002 Sea Lion), possibly the only reggae bluegrass album ever made, High Lonesome Cowboy (2002 Shanachie) a collaboration with cowboy singer Don Edwards, You Were There for Me (2004 Rounder) a bluegrass jam with guitarist Tony Rice, and Quartet (2007 Rounder) another newgrass classic featuring Tony Rice with Bryn Davies on vocals and bass and Sharon Gilchrist on mandolin. In 2013 he released The Old School.

domain: artistic


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First off, a tragus infection will hurt really bad. Go to your doctor or piercer the first time you notice a symptom of an infection and get it examined. According to my research, your doctor will immediately request that your piercing be removed which you should reject. Talk with your doctor and convince him that the piercing should not be removed. In the case of infections, once you remove your piercing the openings of the infected area will close and form an abscess. This is an infection underneath the skin and is often indicated by a darkening and hardenning of the infected area, as well as swelling and pain. So why did you actually go to your doctor? It is to get a professional opinion of the infection; if it needs to be treated at the hospital or if it can still be treated at home, as the latter potentially have no costs.
1. You must first know what antiseptics should be used to clean the infected area. You can use either of the following: Tea Tree Oil, this cleaning oil can soothe irritated infections and should be distilled in clean water; Emu Oil, accepted as a universal cleaning product; H2Ocean, this is also called Glorified Saline Solution; and lastly, Saline Solution whch is a very effective, less expensive product that is readily available in most pharmacies.
On the other hand, never use rubbing alcohol, ointments, and ear care solutions as these contain chemicals that dry up and kill good cells that try to heal the infection. Hydrogen peroxide and Glyoxide on the other hand kills white blood cells which help in healing the infection.
2. When cleaning the infection use the above products on a clean swab. Clean it for a minimum of one minute to remove skin bacteria around the piercing. Try to remove any debris, dead tissues, dirt and other materials on the jewellery and infection. After a minute, gently rotate the piercing while applying the cleansing liquid. Doing this encourages draining of any pus inside the infection. Work the cleansing liquid all the way through the hole to kill any basteria spawning inside the infection.
3. Next, soak the infected area in hot salt water to increase blood circulation in the area and draining. you can use cotton balls, pads and gauze sponges.
4. After a few minutes, dry the area with a clean cotton pad or disposable cloth and avoid any contact with unclean materials.
Do these steps as frequently as possible and the irritation will clear up in a few days. I really hope it does.


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The papers in this issue of First Monday were originally presented as a series of panels at the Association of Internet Researchers 2015 conference in Phoenix, Arizona. This short introduction explains the impetus behind the organization of these panels — which was to document diversity in approaches to the study of Internet economies — and briefly introduces each paper by locating them in the nexus between political economy and cultural studies.
Analyzing the Internet economy
Politics and the economy
What we do when we are online is inextricably linked to economics. Restrictions on commercial use of the Internet were lifted in 1991 and a small number of commercial sites existed on the Web even prior to its popularization from 1993–94. Today, tweeting news events, searching for information on movie screenings, talking to others, or producing and consuming cultural goods like music or videos typically happens on commercial platforms and through commercial service providers running on proprietary devices. We increasingly do our shopping, or our consumer research, via the Web. Advertising saturates our online experiences and mechanisms to capture valuable taste data penetrate our everyday, interpersonal interactions conducted through digital systems.
At the same time, paid work is often mediated through networked systems such as e-mail, shared documents, digital timekeepers, or computerized machinery. The value of the companies we work for rises and falls in vast, global, online finance systems, where professional and non-professional traders alike use Web sites and apps to manage their investments. Internet-based media companies such as Google, Facebook, and Amazon are significant players on these same stock exchanges, alongside more established technology companies such as Apple and Microsoft. Matters of economics are central to our digitally mediated existence in these ways and many more.
The papers collected here seek to explore various facets of this intersection of our online life with economics, adding new interpretive tools, new instances, and new insights into how we can understand this nexus. These papers were originally presented as a series of panels at the 2015 Association of Internet Researchers conference in Phoenix, Arizona. Taken together, they offer a complexity of perspectives on what is understood as ‘economic’ in digital media use and industries, and suggest a variety of modes for thinking and rethinking the economies of the Internet. This introduction places these papers in the context of the existing field of inquiry, but also wider debates about what constitutes valid, appropriate or insightful approaches to the political economy of cultural industries and practices.
Analyzing the Internet economy
Given the rapid rise of the commercial Web and its increasing concentration in large monopoly players such as Google and Facebook, it is no surprise that we have seen a resurging interest in studying the political economy of the Internet. Various studies engage with the conditions and labor practices of digital media industries, ranging from games (e.g., Bulut, 2015; Kücklich, 2005; Deuze, et al., 2007), to Web development (e.g., Neff, et al., 2005; Kennedy, 2012; Ross, 2003), to the high-technology manufacturing plants in free trade zones across the developing world (e.g., Dyer-Witheford, 2015; Qiu, et al., 2014; Sandoval, 2013). Such studies often emphasize the relative under-compensation of digital media industries, including for white-collar, middle-class, and creative work. Highly intensive work periods are a regular feature of this sector, particularly when products near deadline. This couples with work time already extended by necessary after-hours networking with peers or clients, and the need to continually upskill during supposed leisure time (Gill, 2011; Huws, 2014; Kotamraju, 2002), to produce highly exploitative labor conditions. Work in Internet-related industries — both white and blue collar — is often contract-based and unstable, with risk and precarity shifted toward the margins. The relationship between the conditions of creative labor in these sectors and the pervasive precarity and under-compensation in the wider neoliberal economic system has been a key insight generated by these kinds of critiques of the Internet’s political economy.
The ‘economic turn’ in Internet research is perhaps best exemplified, though, in the prominent work of Christian Fuchs (e.g., 2014a; 2014b; 2011; 2008) who closely interrogates the economic logics of the commercial Web using Marxian models. It is through his analyses in particular that it has become possible to argue that user activity such as tweeting, sharing recipes or uploading home videos is exploited labor because it contributes to the production of surplus value by digital media companies. Fuchs has exhaustively demonstrated the exploitative nature of user labor, detailing how the economic relations between platforms and users reflect the process of commodification and monetization described by Marx. Fuchs (2008) has also mapped the differing relations between competitive and cooperative models of production across the digital sector as part of a critique of the alienating qualities of user labor but also in order to indicate alternative modes for digital media industries.
Fuchs’ approach to the economics of user labor has drawn on Dallas Smythe’s concept of the audience-commodity (Fuchs, 2014b; McGuigan and Manzerolle, 2014) to argue that the key product of commercial Web sites is user data that can be sold to advertisers. Using the labor theory of value, Fuchs argues that users are being formally exploited by commercial media, both because they supply creative content to platforms without adequate compensation (see also Terranova, 2000) and because data gathered about use can be sold to advertisers. As these contributions generate value for the company that is greater than the amount received in compensation — compensation that, in any case, is usually not monetary — users are involved in the production of surplus value.
Analyses of user activity and paid work intersect at this point. Like over-worked, and subsequently under-compensated, game company employees or the Web designers living precariously from contract to contract, digital media users are a cog within an exploitative economic machinery that saturates the entire life of those in the Internet-enabled world.
This Marxian way of thinking about digital media use as exploited work has recently become dominant in the field and has generated great insight into the political economy of the Internet. Yet this approach is only one paradigm for analyzing economic activities and the implications of the Internet. In their recent book, Media economics, Cunningham, et al.  argue for the need to “revisit media economics in its various forms” because media, communication, and cultural studies “have often held a static and one-dimensional account of what economics is.” There is, they say, often an assumption that economics means neoclassical economics, a conclusion shaped by the influence of Marxism on the field. This approach, as Garnham (2011) also suggests, tends to reject markets per se rather than assessing how actual markets work (the true object of historical materialism). Grossberg (2010) similarly notes that there is a limited understanding of economics as a discipline in studies of media. Consequently, critiques of media economics often don’t emerge from “a theorized analysis of real economic complexities, but an imagined position of radical opposition, in which the only possible politics is defined by the moral project of overthrowing capitalism” . There is, arguably, a need in Internet research to deepen our engagement with economic theories, including Marxism, but also to explore variant economic models if we are to adequately interpret commercial digital media.
Various contributors to this volume accept this challenge, avoiding the tendency to “adopt ready-made categories and descriptions” , seeking instead to complicate the dominant analytical paradigm in studies of Internet economics. Some of these studies challenge existing precepts of the Marxian thesis and the oppositional binaries with which it is often associated; some utilize analytical frameworks shaped by feminist, indigenous, social justice and/or queer thinking; others look toward the roles played by cultural intermediaries and cultural logics in shaping economic activity. All papers in this volume, though, offer something new to the interpretive frameworks that have thus far been brought to bear on Internet economies.
For instance, Kylie Jarrett’s paper challenges a key critical concept in Marxian theory — the alienation thesis — subjecting it to a queer reading that highlights its exclusionary properties. Using gay male hookup apps as an example, Jarrett raises questions about critical frameworks regularly, and perhaps unthinkingly, applied in studies of Internet economies. Julia Velkova also challenges the use of the alienation thesis. Rather than critiquing the thesis itself, though, she uses a detailed case study of gift politics in an open source animation company to demonstrate how the emancipatory ideology of open source/open access production — the supposed alternative to alienated production — can itself be mobilized to reproduce power asymmetries. D.E. Wittkower’s article seeks to move away entirely from a property– and production–based economic model within the realm of privacy and personally identifiable information, proposing instead a model based in economies of information exchange in personal relationships, as understood through post-phenomenological analysis based in feminist ethics of care. Wittkower outlines a more culturally responsive and ethical model of privacy through which digital media industries may engage their customers. The kind of engagement with, and transformation of, key economic concepts in these three critiques of Internet economics is a feature across this issue.
In Internet research, there is also the need to move beyond the long schism between political economy and cultural studies (Fenton, 2007; Jarrett, 2015; Wittel, 2004). These two paradigms are often cited as having irreconcilable differences: cultural studies approaches are accused of lacking critical insight by emphasizing agency rather than structural limitations, while political economy is cast as economically deterministic and assuming passivity in users . The debates over which paradigm is relevant or valid have historically been acrimonious, particularly when also coupled with many Marxists’ rejection of identity politics other than those based in class. Consequently, it is typical to see studies of Internet economics as distinct from those engaging with the substantive qualities of Internet cultural activity.
However, as we try to understand user activity like showing solidarity with a friend in crisis on Facebook, online dating or hooking up via commercial applications, or the experiences of Twitter troll victims, it is difficult to separate the economic from the cultural. It is similarly difficult to differentiate the two spheres in the context of paid work in creative industries where you ‘do what you love’ in conditions that invest your social life into your work. Digital media use and labor is socially and affectively rich while simultaneously being inextricably bound to economic imperatives. Consequently, the division between economic and cultural analyses becomes untenable (Bolin, 2011).
It is essential, then, to understand the economic as intertwined with, and not merely hostile to, the cultural formations of the Internet. As Grossberg  contends, we need to “rescue economies from the economists” and find ways to “take on and take up economic questions without falling into forms of reductionism and essentialism.” The point, he says, is to produce stories of the conjuncture between these aspects of social and cultural life, “to better understand ‘economic’ events, practices, relations, etc., by contextualizing them, and to better understand the context by inscribing economies into it” .
Exploring economics through studies of cultural practice extends analysis of Internet economies in two ways. First, it allows us to move beyond values that are monetary and consider the circulation of other forms of capital. Second, it expands the range of sites we can explore in terms of their economy. Combined, this allows us not only to critique the economic logic of practices previously unrecognized as having such a dimension, but also to add cultural dimensions to our understanding of economic practices.
The papers in this issue pluralize the definition of ‘economy,’ expanding it from the strictly monetary to examine the circulation of value in other economies such as the (sub-) cultural, affective, queer, and libidinal. Susanna Paasonen’s article, for instance, bridges this divide by looking at clickbait, which allows us to see how Web sites can align the many and intricate affective economies of attention with monetizing systems. She shows the ways in which the financial market in online attention — with ‘eyeballs’ being monitored, quantified, and sold — is built upon a personal, affective, and phenomenological economy in which we seek out the stimulation of clickbait only to be caught in a cycle of distraction. Sharif Mowlabocus’ paper also picks up on the importance of distraction, looking at the role played by mobile phones in libidinal economies. He examines how they provide stability and reassurance while, at the same time, reconciling mobile users with neoliberal precarity and the blurring of work and free time. Finally, Holly Kruse places the very visible economy of digitized horserace gambling against the less visible economy of racehorse rescue, tracing how these entirely intertwined markets have been gendered in ways that neatly track the treatment of socially reproductive ‘women’s work.’ Kruse’s analysis demonstrates the expectation of material gain in predominantly male-dominated betting markets and an expectation of “a kind of emotional reward” in the affective labor of the female-dominated rescue market. Each of these studies, along with others in the issue, emphasizes the complex interrelationship of the distribution of cultural value with fiscal economics, but also highlights the rich cultural life of online economic exchanges.
Politics and the economy
It is important to underscore, though, that the analyses of Internet economies offered in this collection are always profoundly political, especially when focused on the ‘cultural.’ As Couldry points out, changes in the media, such as those that have happened via digitization, “have always resulted from interactions between technological, economic, social and political forces” . Consequently, to examine the conjunctures between the cultural and the economic on the Internet is also to offer, more or less explicitly, a critique of these forces’ intersection. Indeed, it is perhaps because of their integration of cultural and economic concepts that the studies in this issue are placed within, or at least aligned with, the field of political economy and its critical agenda.
In his (in)famous discussion of the relationship between political economy and cultural studies, Garnham (1995) describes three crucial aspects of the former mode of inquiry. He traces the field of political economy to the recognition that collaborative social formations are the basis of production. Consequently, there is first a requirement for institutional, organizing structures specific to that mode of production — Marx’s superstructure, for instance. The second aspect is that individual social agents are shaped by the contours of the social relations of these superstructural institutions. For Garnham, the third aspect of political economy is that an emphasis on justice evolves directly from recognition of the intersections of self, collaborative social formations, and infrastructures or institutions.
Following Garnham then, to explore the cultural economies of the Internet unavoidably raises questions about justice and equality. As part of a critical project, it is therefore important to locate the cultural and economic practices under analysis within the sociopolitical infrastructures particular to their manifestation and to consider their mutual engagement. These infrastructures are not only the, perhaps, obvious instances of state policy (although these are fundamentally important and are addressed here), but also social infrastructures such as racism, misogyny, heteronormativity, ableism, etc. As the papers in this issue demonstrate, Internet economies and related practices are shaped by complex, intertwining institutions and thus have complicated relationships to emancipation.
In their article, Cindy Tekobbe and John McKnight look at the case of MazaCoin, in which cultural narratives about Native Americans are used to further intensify and complicate the liberatory dreams which already surround and support cryptocurrencies, but in ways which are, at least, troubling and possibly incoherent or exploitative. In conducting their analysis from feminist and indigenous perspectives, Tekobbe and McKnight choose not to examine this cryptocurrency as a neutral unit of measure in the way of classical economics, but instead unpack the mediated ideological context from which the economic system emerges and is transformed. In so doing, they trouble the received wisdom of the transformative potential of such alternative currencies. A similar troubling is undertaken by David Gehring, who provides a cultural analysis of economic exchange in crowdfunding platforms focusing on campaigns of monetary support for police perpetrators and black victims of American racialized violence. He demonstrates how neoliberal politics that tend to privatize and individuate action allow financial activities such as crowdfunding to do complex ideological work.
Roderick Graham looks toward more formal structures shaping online economies. He proposes a ‘layer’ model for understanding ICTs as a way of showing how the conceptualization of digital spaces as either profit-seeking and market-based or as non-market spaces supportive of the generation of public goods leads to different legal and material infrastructures. He argues for conceptualizing ICTs as a single, lived environment in which “people must have access to each layer ... in order to benefit from the goods produced.” Conceptualizing ICTs in this way, he argues, allows space for policy to nurture non-market spaces and, in so doing, serve social justice ends. Finally, Brendan O’Hallarn further engages with the civic functions of Internet economies, using Habermasian theory to provide a novel understanding of social capital. He argues that discourse on Twitter not only generates public sphere-like spaces, but also constitutes a cultural economy that results in the generation of social capital. He goes on to propose that identifying the existence of social capital is a mechanism for validating the existence of public spheres, albeit not necessarily the rational spaces of traditional Habermasian critique. The relationship between the distribution of value in Internet economies and politics — both in capital ‘P’ state politics and small ‘p’ social politics — is what exemplifies these papers and animates this issue as a whole.
Throughout this collection, we have deliberately kept the concept of the ‘economic’ ambiguous. This may be read as a weakness — indeed one of the reviewers of the original conference proposal raised precisely this point. If we do not define economic, does it become meaningless as an organising term?
However, this ambiguity was a deliberate strategy to enable the expansion of the interpretive frameworks that can conceivably be brought to bear upon the commercialized spaces of the Internet. It is also a response to the very ambiguity of the distinction between the economic and the non-economic that is the lived reality of the Internet. Our goal in bringing together these diverse researchers from disparate disciplines to speak about the Internet in such differing ways was to explode what we saw as an unhelpful narrowing of critique in relation to digital economic phenomenon. To reflect this, we have deliberately avoided orthodoxy or setting parameters defining what each contributor understands as economic thinking. The diversity of the work represented here, and the failure of the issue to sit comfortably within existing analytical paradigms, is a deliberate choice and one that we hope provides valuable critique through its diversity. We further hope it serves as a productive opening of critical spaces and analytical frameworks that will strengthen studies of Internet economies in the future.
About the authors
Kylie Jarrett is Lecturer in Multimedia at the Center for Media Studies at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth.
E-mail: kylie [dot] jarrett [at] nuim [dot] ie
D.E. Wittkower is Associate Professor in Philosophy & Religious Studies at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Va.
E-mail: dwittkow [at] odu [dot] edu
1. Cunningham, et al., 2015, p. 6.
2. Grossberg, 2010, p. 107.
3. Grossberg, 2010, p. 106.
4. For summary of these debates, see Kellner, 1998; Wittel, 2004; Fenton, 2007; Fuchs, 2014b, pp. 59–73; Meehan, 1999.
5. Grossberg, 2010, p. 101.
7. Couldry, 2012, p. 13, original emphasis.
Göran Bolin, 2011. Value and the media: Cultural production and consumption in digital markets. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.
Ergin Bulut, 2015. “Playboring in the tester pit: The convergence of precarity and the degradation of fun in videogame testing,” Television & New Media, volume 16, number 3, pp. 240–258.
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Nick Couldry, 2012. Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Stuart Cunningham, Terry Flew, and Adam Swift, 2015. Media economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
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Christian Fuchs, 2014a. Social media: A critical introduction. London: Sage.
Christian Fuchs, 2014b. Digital labour and Karl Marx. New York: Routledge.
Christian Fuchs, 2011. “Web 2.0, prosumption and surveillance,” Surveillance & Society, volume 8, number 3, pp. 288–309, and at http://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/4165, accessed 6 September 2016.
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Jack Linchuan Qiu, Melissa Gregg, and Kate Crawford, 2014. “Circuits of labour: A labour theory of the iPhone era,” Triple C, volume 12, number 2, pp. 564–581, and at http://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/540/607, accessed 6 September 2016.
Andrew Ross, 2003. No-collar: The humane workplace and its hidden costs. New York: Basic Books.
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Received 5 September 2016; accepted 6 September 2016.
This paper is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Economies of the Internet
by Kylie Jarrett and D.E. Wittkower.


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EARTH GIRL #1(14"x11 ALUMINUM PRINT)
The little Earth Girl is five years old in the expanded consciousness scale, as Earth is about five billion years old. She roams the fields of the Earth in her invisible form like the Wind and looks for the tiniest white flowers, and when she finds the white flowers, she weeps in gratitude. This is how pure the Soul of Earth is. Painted on rice paper with Chinese watercolor paints and Sumi ink, and color matched to original and printed on high-quality Aluminum. The corners are rounded off 1/4". This is a Mystic Visionary Painting.
Please Note: Free shipping is unavailable for International orders outside of the USA. Please contact us for the exact shipping costs.


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Handcrafted Ceramic Mug in Orange and Beige from India, "Cheerful Morning"
This item is available for backorder and will ship within 2 to 8 weeks. Read more
This item is available for pre-order and will ship within 2 to 8 weeks. Read more
Believing that the best things in life are made by hand, father and son duo Bilv and Raja design this amazing mug with a bright, cheerful vibe. Handcrafted of ceramic, the mug features a simple shape, glazed with a two-tone design in orange and beige.
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Funke Akindele-Bello(FAB) is a year older today. The actress and her husband JJC Skillz celebrated their first wedding anniversary together yesterday. Celebrating his wife, JJC in posts on Instagram hinted that they’ll have multiple reasons to celebrate next year and revealed that they went from friendship to love.
We went from friendship to relationship to love and family?It was like yesterday when I was just another face in the crowd to now being the lucky man you wake up to see every morning ?I pray God will keep our love and hearts happy and our faces smiling throughout our earthly year. Amen ? Happy Birthday My queen #MRSFAB
I love you just the way you are hot & spicy, creative and caring. Happy birthday @funkejenifaakindele my mummy, my queen, my bestie, my love. Next year we shall have multiple reasons to celebrate by Gods grace #mrsfab

domain: celebrity


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Weber gets a co-author in this second of Baen Books’ series of Star Kingdom books for Young Adults, and the sequel to Weber’s A Beautiful Friendship, reviewed here last October. This new series is a prequel to Weber’s immensely popular Honor Harrington series of military science-fiction. This new series is set about 350 years earlier, when the planet Sphinx is just being settled by humans. In A Beautiful Friendship, Honor’s ancestor Stephanie Harrington, then an 11-year-old precocious tomboy, discovers Sphinx’s six-legged empathetic treecats, and bonds with the one she names Lionheart, but whose own name is Climbs Quickly.
The (almost) equal time given to the treecats, who are background characters in the Honor Harrington novels, is what makes this series anthropomorphic.
Despite their name, treecats were not all that feline. For one, no Terran cat had ever possessed six limbs or a fully prehensile tail. Their build was longer and – beneath their fluffy coats – leaner. They were also larger, averaging sixty to seventy centimeters through the body, with their tails doubling the length. And, of course, no Terran cat had three-fingered hands with fully opposable thumbs.
Riverdale, NY, Baen Books, October 2012, hardcover $ 18.99 (287 pages)
Find the full article here: flayrah – furry food for thought
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Helen Hunt Jackson
A Calendar Of Sonnets: January - Poem by Helen Hunt Jackson
O Winter! frozen pulse and heart of fire,
What loss is theirs who from thy kingdom turn
Dismayed, and think thy snow a sculptured urn
Of death! Far sooner in midsummer tire
The streams than under ice. June could not hire
Her roses to forego the strength they learn
In sleeping on thy breast. No fires can burn
The bridges thou dost lay where men desire
In vain to build.
O Heart, when Love's sun goes
To northward, and the sounds of singing cease,
Keep warm by inner fires, and rest in peace.
Sleep on content, as sleeps the patient rose.
Walk boldly on the white untrodden snows,
The winter is the winter's own release.
Comments about A Calendar Of Sonnets: January by Helen Hunt Jackson
Read this poem in other languages
This poem has not been translated into any other language yet.
Still I Rise
The Road Not Taken
If You Forget Me
Edgar Allan Poe
Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening
Do Not Stand At My Grave And Weep
Mary Elizabeth Frye
I Do Not Love You Except Because I Love You

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SINGAPORE: Petra Foods posts Q1 net profit jump
Singapore-based cocoa manufacturer Petra Foods has posted a jump in net profit during the first quarter as it reported strong sales growth over the quarter.
The company said yesterday (11 May) that during the quarter ended 31 March, net profit rose 63.8% to US$13.6m, while revenue grew 27.9% to $433.1m. EBITDA rose 27.9% to $30.4m.
Petra said that growth was driven by higher sales from its cocoa ingredients and branded consumer divisions. The company also pointed to a "higher EBITDA yield" from cocoa ingredients.
Speaking about the company's outlook for the year, CEO John Chuang said: "We expect the operating environment for our two core businesses to remain robust. We intend to further grow our key markets to capitalise on the compelling demand for high-end customised products and the strong regional consumption growth."
Singapore-based Petra Foods has today (10 November) posted a rise in third-quarter profit, boosted by higher own-brand sales....
Cocoa manufacturer Petra Foods has appointed Marc Donaldson to the newly-created role of director of cocoa sustainability....
- General Mills US "priority" categories gain share
- Interview part 2: BRF CFO Augusto Ribeiro
- 2015 preview: A better deal for M&A sellers
- The just-food interview: Doux CEO Arnaud Marion
- Cleaning up Tesco will have mixed supplier impact
- General Mills outlines "aggressive" NPD drive
- Kraft to reappraise business, says new CEO Cahill
- General Mills earnings drop one-third
- PepsiCo opens snacks plant in Saudi Arabia
- Bimbo to buy Saputo's bakery arm

domain: food


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Twitter Statistics from the Political Conventions...
In keeping with our series on Social Media and Presidential Politics: 2012, here are some quick stats for posterity's sake from the Republican and Democratic national conventions over the past two weeks...
- Number of tweets per minute during their convention speech:
|Gabrielle Giffords (reciting the Pledge of Allegiance)||3,278|
- Additionally, the entire Democratic convention received over 10 million tweets, while the Republican convention received roughly 4 million. However, to put this in context, the MTV Music Video Awards received 15 million, or more than both conventions combined.
- On the Twitter Political Index, a tool that monitors not only the number of tweets but the positive or negative sentiment behind them, Obama was leading Romney 52 - 9 when the conventions came to a close last Thursday.
- The most mentioned topics on Facebook over the past two weeks, in order, were 1) President Obama's speech, 2) the Democratic National Convention, 3) Bill Clinton's speech, and 4) the Republican National Convention. Clint Eastwood's RNC speech came in at #7. Mitt Romney's speech came in at #10.
We'll have to see if a pattern emerges over several election cycles at different levels of government before we can claim that such statistics are predictive indicators of election outcomes. Or of anything, for that matter.


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Hello everyone and welcome to my Blog. This weeks product of the week is the Abstract Impressions Stamp Set. I paired it with Garden Impression 6 x 6 Designer Series Paper. They work together so lovely.
I used the Vanilla Noe Cards & Envelopes (#144236). I like using the note cards because it is so easy to create little note card sets.
Here is the list of supplies used:
Hello, Juanita here!


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Presenter: Ms Dineo Bopape
Ms Dineo Bopape
Miss Dineo Anna Bopape is a Master of Science in Chemistry graduate. She obtained the degree from UNISA Titled: Fractionation of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) in water using prepared porous silica materials as size exclusion (SEC)/Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) stationary phases. She has extensive experience in water technologies and nanotechnology environment as she did her Master of Science degree as one of the first graduates of the Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (NanoWS) research unit, UNISA. She is also a science communicator in which she has been communicating science to the public, schools and universities. She then joined Nabio Consulting in 2018 as a Project Leader where she was given an opportunity to translate Science concept in IsiNdebele. This exposed her to give a radio interview with Ikwekwezi radio station titled: the benefits of nanotechnology in our drinking water. The topic was interesting enough that she decided to do an extensive study of Nanotechnology in water treatment as part of her PHD work. She obtained her BSc degree and Honours degree in chemistry at the University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus) which is well-known as SefakoMakgatho health Sciences University.
Our Current water treatment technologies focus on removing different types of contaminants to a limited level of quality. The technologies are often not best suited for water problems in the developing world with existing nanomaterials. Nanotechnology is the manipulation of any material to a nanoscale (1‐100 nanometers) such that the material can exhibit faster chemical reactions and cover a large surface area. Nanotechnology has been implemented in energy, medicine, drugs, textile, cosmetics, etc. There is a potential need for the implementation of nanotechnology in our current water purification processes. Since various research has shown that nanotechnology may potentially provide a variety of options to “tailor–make” solutions to filter out contaminants in water. This stem from the limitations found in each existing technology for our current. Nanotechnology provides a platform for offering affordable and safe drinking water solutions. Unfortunately, our current water treatment plants do not support nanotechnology-based solutions in both drinking water and wastewater treatment, therefore, there is need to build suitable nanotechnology treatment plants. The Future intentions of nanotechnology in water treatment is to increase potable water supplies, desalination of sea water, provide safe industrial effluent, increase effectiveness of water treatment and Simplify water treatment.

domain: chemistry


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domain: entertainment


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The term ‘-itis’ in a medical word means ‘inflammation’. Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the covering of your eye and inside your eye lids. This can be caused by an infection or by an allergy.
If you have itchy, red, watery eyes this may be an allergy rather than an infection. If you are not sure if you have an allergy or an infection, ask to talk to your pharmacist. They can ask you a few questions to help decide. You would not want to leave an eye infection untreated; but if it’s an allergy then you need something completely different to treat your eyes. You need to be sure of the cause, so you can use the correct medicine.
For allergy eyes (known as allergic conjunctivitis) symptoms include eyes that are:
An infection can often start in one eye then spread to the other. For an allergy it is more likely to be both eyes at once.
Allergic conjunctivitis can be just one of the symptoms for people with hayfever. If you get hayfever, you are likely to have itchy throat and runny nose as well as the watery, itchy eyes. For some people the symptoms are not so easy to describe and there can be confusion between hayfever and a cold. Do talk to your pharmacist to ensure you are using the best treatments for you or your family.
November through to February are usually the highest pollen count in NZ and this is generally considered to be ‘pollen season’. Wind pollenated plants like grasses have lots of pollen blowing in the wind and are most likely to be the cause of an allergy like allergic conjunctivitis. Even during ‘allergy season’ some days may be better than others. Cool still days will have less pollen and dust blowing around than dry, windy days.
Some allergies are all year round and may be due to:
You may also experience short term allergic conjunctivitis if they get something in your eye like shampoo.
Self-care and medications
See your doctor immediately if your eye is very painful or if you are having trouble seeing clearly. There are lots of different causes for eye problems and some require immediate attention to prevent permanent loss of vision.
Written by: Linda Caddick
This blog provides general information and discussion about medicine, health and related subjects. The information contained in the blog and in any linked materials, are not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice.
What is a Seizure? Seizures are divided into two main categories: generalised seizures, in which abnormal electrical impulses affect the whole brain;..
There will be many parents familiar with the seal-like bark of croup and its alarming tendency to hit children in the early hours of the morning. Wh..

domain: biology


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Guy Ritchie is back, bigger and doing what he does best.
The Gentlemen has finally arrived and Bugzy Malone fans are in for a right surprise!
Guy Ritchie’s cinematic style is certainly an acquired taste, but if he’s your cup of then you’ll likely never grow tired of sipping away. Few filmmakers make films as rewardingly rewatchable as he does…
Back in 1998, Guy immediately made a name for himself with a directorial feature debut hailed as one of the best films of the nineties, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels.
It was hilarious, fresh and audiences downright demanded more. Following up success like that is never easy, and the sophomore effort can often be a tricky task, but in 2000 he sculpted Snatch, which arguably remains his greatest achievement to this day. It’s admirable just how many consider it their favourite film of all time, but it really is an absolute blast every single time.
He dipped his toes back into the realm of gangsters and geezers with 2008’s RocknRolla, but after a string of more adventurous efforts, he’s back in firmly familiar territory for 2020.
Bugzy Malone in The Gentleman
Considering The Gentlemen was long foreshadowed as a return to form, it was no surprise to see many how many stars gladly hopped aboard the project.
You have the likes of Hugh Grant (Paddington 2), Charlie Hunnam (Pacific Rim), Matthew McConaughey (Interstellar), Henry Golding (Crazy Rich Asians), Colin Farrell (In Bruges) and more lighting up the screen. However, we didn’t expect Bugzy Malone would be right there with them!
The 29-year-old British rapper – real name Aaron Davis – plays the role of Ernie, and of course, there’s the music. Check out the character spotlight below:
Bugzy Malone on Twitter
The rapper has headed over to Twitter to express his excitement with the opportunity.
In a recent tweet [see below] he wrote: “My debut acting role in one hell of a film!! Thank you Guy Ritchie for the opportunity to star in your new masterpiece of a movie @TheGentlemen_UK the fact that I made a track for the film still blows my mind. Out cinemas now!!!”
In another tweet posted out in December, he revealed: “I told my agent tell Guy Ritchie he don’t need to pay me, as I was watching Snatch… that’s my all-time favourite gangster movie…”
Talk about living the dream!
My debut acting role in one hell of a film!! Thank you Guy Ritchie for the opportunity to star in your new masterpiece of a movie @TheGentlemen_UK the fact that I made a track for the film still blows my mind. Out cinemas now!!! pic.twitter.com/okilekZloj— Bugzy Malone (@TheBugzyMalone) January 1, 2020
Fans talk Bugzy Malone’s acting debut
Most are still flocking out to see the film, but it’s already received attention across Twitter.
A couple of people have reacted to Bugzy Malone’s presence specifically. Check out tweets below:
Bugzy Malone featuring in The Gentlemen really surprised me pic.twitter.com/EIz8TwoStF— Adam (@adz096) January 1, 2020
Bugzy Malone is solid in this new “The Gentlemen” movie. I could see him slipping into TV if the right roles appear alongside the music.— Nicolas-Tyrell (@iamntyrell) January 1, 2020


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Long-awaited redrafted paper on Sound Practices for Operational Risk Management released for consultation by Sigor.
AMA range of practices tackled in new Sigor paper.
Basel III: in your own time...
Basel needs teeth
Is the counter-cyclical toolbox incomplete?
Regulators double down
European Parliament’s rapporteur for CRD IV suggests Basel III will hit European banks hardest and adjustments will be needed when the standards are transposed into European law
Discussions are already under way behind closed doors, knock-on effects for bank capital could be substantial
Financial Stability Board chairman Mario Draghi says resolution regimes for systemically important banks operating across borders need not be bogged down in political tensions
G20 leaders at Seoul summit identify areas in which further progress in needed, calling on Financial Stability Board to take the lead and drive reform; ask FSB to report on what extra resources it needs
FSB sets out broad direction for special treatment, but admits the possible need for national discretion.
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Finma official hits back at industry criticisms of counterparty risk charge, but concedes political pressure to hurt OTC market is undeniable
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Throwing the book
Basel’s new 7% equity capital minimum welcomed
New rules mean banks will have to load-up on government debt, but one apparent beneficiary - debt management offices - are against the idea
Market participants cast doubt on the collective strength of multiple measures to mitigate pro-cyclicality in Basel III.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision identifies eight issues it is working on as Basel III reform package heads into the political sphere
Basel Committee’s Peter Praet acknowledges disagreement; Charles Goodhart warns lack of consensus will stop central banks acting to stem financial imbalances

domain: news


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McGrath is a tiny city located in the state of Alaska. With a population of 344 people and just one neighborhood, McGrath is the 56th largest community in Alaska.
Occupations and Workforce
Unlike some cities, McGrath isn’t mainly white- or blue-collar. Instead, the most prevalent occupations for people in McGrath are a mix of both white- and blue-collar jobs. Overall, McGrath is a city of professionals, sales and office workers and service providers. There are especially a lot of people living in McGrath who work in management occupations (13.38%), office and administrative support (11.46%) and teaching (10.83%).
A relatively large number of people in McGrath telecommute to their jobs. Overall, about 12.34% of the workforce works from home. While this may seem like a small number, as a fraction of the total workforce it ranks among the highest in the country. These workers are often telecommuters who work in knowledge-based, white-collar professions. For example, Silicon Valley has large numbers of people who telecommute. Other at-home workers may be self-employed people who operate small businesses out of their homes.
Setting & Lifestyle
The overall crime rate in McGrath is one of the lowest in the US. This makes it one of the safer places to live in the country in terms of crime.
It is a fairly quiet city because there are relatively few of those groups of people who have a tendency to be noisy. (Children, for example, often can't help themselves from being noisy, and being parents ourselves, we know!) McGrath has relatively few families with children living at home, and is quieter because of it. Renters and college students, for their own reasons, can also be noisy. McGrath has few renters and college students. But the biggest reason it is quieter in McGrath than in most places in America, is that there are just simply fewer people living here. If you think trees make good neighbors, McGrath may be for you.
Residents of the city have the good fortune of having one of the shortest daily commutes compared to the rest of the country. On average, they spend only 9.94 minutes getting to work every day.
McGrath is a small city, and as such doesn't have a public transit system that people use to get to and from their jobs every day.

domain: geography


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|Chapter 4: Pure and Mixed Devotion|
Bhaktivedanta VedaBase: Nārada Bhakti Sūtra 52
mūkā — of a mute; āsvādana — the tasting; vat — like.
[Trying to describe the experience of pure love of God] is like a mute's effort to describe what he tastes.
Even a qualified devotee may not be able to put his exact experience of love of God into words. Language has its limits for conveying experience, but it may function like the branch of the tree that helps us locate the moon in the sky. In describing the gradual development of bhakti to Rūpa Gosvāmī, Lord Caitanya compared it to an intensifying taste of sweetness:
Gradual development of love of God may be compared to different states of sugar. First there is the seed of the sugar cane, then sugar cane, and then the juice extracted from the cane. When this juice is boiled, it forms liquid molasses, then solid molasses, then sugar, candy, rock candy, and finally lozenges. [Cc. Madhya 19.179]
Lord Caitanya went on to describe the combination of devotional ecstasies known as sāttvika and vyabhicārī: "These tastes are like a combination of yogurt, sugar candy, ghee, black pepper, and camphor, and are as palatable as sweet nectar" (Cc. Madhya 19.182). There is nothing deceptive or incomplete in this language, and yet it is language — the branch pointing to the moon in the sky. After hearing of the taste of love of Godhead, a devotee should aspire for that love and practice devotional service so that he may taste it for himself.
Nārada does not say that the subject matter of bhakti is something so vague and inconceivable that it can never be known or spoken of. His point is that the individual and ultimate experience is so wonderful that it is very hard to describe. One should not glibly say, "I know everything about love of Kṛṣṇa." Although the gopīs always chanted the glories of Lord Kṛṣṇa, they were sometimes struck dumb. Śrīla Prabhupāda writes,
Spiritual feelings of happiness and intense ecstasies have no mundane comparison. Therefore it is very difficult to give expression to such feelings. We can have just a glimpse of such ecstasy in the words of Śrī Nārada Muni. [Bhāg. 1.6.17, purport]
Copyright © The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, Inc.
His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda, Founder Ācārya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness
Satsvarupa dasa Goswami
Gopiparanadhana dasa Adhikari


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guide of Itineraries of the landscape
The guide of Intineraries of the landscape is a book which invites one to discover the Alps of Vaud via cultural themes. Through varied subjects such as history, geology, architecture or sociology, the reader can either identify the reasons of being of a path and the origins of its layout (that one often does not know of during ones walks), either to discover a new path, special created for this guide. Fourteen itineraries are gathered here. They remind us of that which changes space, the genius and curiosity of men and, sometimes, that the paths are also those of battles from the past. One will find, for example, the path of the Morier postmen (first half of the 19th century) between Vevey and Château-d’Oex, a geological itinerary in the Pierreuse reserve, architectural itineraries in Aigle and Leysin, a study of peasant hamlets that surround the Chaussy peak, but also a history of electricity and barrages, as well as transformations produced by the mountain tourism, or even the conveying of soldiers for the battle of la Croix.
These paths are of varied length and difficulty: they range from the two-day mountain trek to the shorter stroll inside a town or a village. A list of useful addresses, a short bibliography and, when necessary, a lexicon complete each chapter.
Editions LEP, 2004
Texts by Mary-Claude Busset et Denise Reymond, Sandrina Cirafici, Bruno Corthésy et Dave Lüthi, Liliane Desponds, Michèle Grote, Michaël Jakob, Christophe Jemelin, Michel Marthaler, Françoise Ostermann, Brigitte Pradervand, Jean-Pierre Pralong, Matthew Richards.
Under the direction of : Pierre


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Some residents have it backwards: “No Jobs = No Peace,” but the opposite is true
Look up irony in the dictionary, and by all rights you should find a footnote pointing to this news story from CBS re: Ferguson MO: “Ferguson residents frustrated over lack of opportunity.”
The story notes that the previous night was sufficiently quiet–“just eight arrests”–and that the National Guard is pulling out (meaning, productive people are being released to go back to their day jobs.)
The irony arose when the reporter spoke to local Ferguson residents. The common theme among those interviewed was outrage that local businesses–you know, the ones that had been relentlessly looted and vandalized by local residents–had not hurried to rebuild and offer jobs to local residents. Huh. Who knew that robbing and burning local businesses might prove a disincentive to them investing and hiring in the community!
Anybody remember this guy?
The reporter also notes that unemployment in Ferguson among black men 20 to 24 years of age is 46%. Forty. Six. Percent. Presumably that figure is pre-riots. Might it have doubled in the interval?
In any case, the fault is clearly that of the looted/burned businesses. As one local young man puts it, if they don’t come back and rebuild these businesses, “there’s going to be hell to pay.”
They are particularly upset that they now have to drive miles out of the way to access the products and services that used to be provided locally . . . by the businesses looted and burned down by local residents. Oops.
In further irony, the very fact that the looted businesses are not providing jobs to the local community is justification for the businesses being looted. Or something.
And finally we get to the former gang member turned some kind of community organizer or bridge builder or whatever, who lays it right on the line: “No jobs = no peace.”
Andrew F. Branca is an MA lawyer and the author of the seminal book “The Law of Self Defense, 2nd Edition,” available at the Law of Self Defense blog (autographed copies available) and Amazon.com (paperback and Kindle). He also holds Law of Self Defense Seminars around the country, and provides free online self-defense law video lectures at the Law of Self Defense Institute and podcasts through iTunes, Stitcher, and elsewhere.DONATE
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Recently we and others have demonstrated that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) into the APPswe/PS1AE9 double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to a ~50% reduction in cerebral cortical and hippocampal p-amylold (Ap), both soluble and in plaques. We hypothesize that nonmyeloablative or """"""""mini"""""""" BMT will be a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of AD, and hypothesize that its efficacy can be enhanced by genetic manipulation of the donor cells. To that end, the Specific Aims in this application focus on effects of BMT and reduced AB on measures of neurotoxicity, on mechanisms of AB reduction, and on approaches to reduce preconditioning toxicity and to enhance transplant efficacy.
In Specific Aim 1, we test the hypothesis that BMT-mediated AB reduction is due to an immune response of self to non-self by transplanting cells from APPswe/PSI AE9 or wt mice, with or without GFP, Into APPswe/PS1AE9 mice. The results will provide critical information relevant not only to mechanisms of AB reduction but that may guide the clinical application of this technology (allogeneic vs. autologous grafts).
In Specific Aim 2, we test the hypothesis that genetic manipulation of donor cells can be performed to enhance efficacy of the therapy, by transplanting BM from mice that lack prostaglandin receptor EP2, which is integral to control of microglial phagocytosis and paracrine neurotoxicity. In our preliminary data we have shown that BMT with donor EP2-/-mice leads to a further significant reduction in cortical AB plaques, but we wish to expand on these experiments by examining soluble AB and associated neurotoxicity. Results of these experiments may guide future work into genetic manipulation of allogeneic or even autologous BM to customize treatments based on disease and host. Finally, since myeloablative preconditioning for BMT is associated with significant toxicity, in our third Specific Aim we test that hypothesis that BMT in mice with non-myeloablative preconditioning will also result in decreased AB, which will be critical in future clinical application in elderly patients. In each of the Specific Aims we correlate changes in AB with measures of neurotoxicity. The translational experiments proposed herein will lay the groundwork for possible future applications of BMT for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Currently no efficacious therapy for Alzheimer's disease exists. This application is focused on testing the potential for a novel therapy for AD, bone marrow transplantation. Results from these experiments will further our understanding of the mechanisms of BMT in AD, whether this therapy is protective of the brain, and whether the use of genetically altered bone marrow can enhance the effects. Results of these experiments will lay the foundation for a potentially powerful and effective new treatment for AD.
|Deming, Yuetiva; Dumitrescu, Logan; Barnes, Lisa L et al. (2018) Sex-specific genetic predictors of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 136:857-872|
|Tulloch, Jessica; Leong, Lesley; Chen, Sunny et al. (2018) APOE DNA methylation is altered in Lewy body dementia. Alzheimers Dement 14:889-894|
|Tse, Kai-Hei; Cheng, Aifang; Ma, Fulin et al. (2018) DNA damage-associated oligodendrocyte degeneration precedes amyloid pathology and contributes to Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Alzheimers Dement 14:664-679|
|Kunji, Khalid; Ullah, Ehsan; Nato Jr, Alejandro Q et al. (2018) GIGI-Quick: a fast approach to impute missing genotypes in genome-wide association family data. Bioinformatics 34:1591-1593|
|Taylor, Laura M; McMillan, Pamela J; Liachko, Nicole F et al. (2018) Pathological phosphorylation of tau and TDP-43 by TTBK1 and TTBK2 drives neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 13:7|
|Kaur, Antarpreet; Edland, Steven D; Peavy, Guerry M (2018) The MoCA-Memory Index Score: An Efficient Alternative to Paragraph Recall for the Detection of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 32:120-124|
|Schaffert, Jeff; LoBue, Christian; White, Charles L et al. (2018) Traumatic brain injury history is associated with an earlier age of dementia onset in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 32:410-416|
|Flanagan, Margaret E; Larson, Eric B; Walker, Rod L et al. (2018) Associations between Use of Specific Analgesics and Concentrations of Amyloid-? 42 or Phospho-Tau in Regions of Human Cerebral Cortex. J Alzheimers Dis 61:653-662|
|Tulloch, Jessica; Leong, Lesley; Thomson, Zachary et al. (2018) Glia-specific APOE epigenetic changes in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Brain Res 1698:179-186|
|Brenowitz, Willa D; Han, Fang; Kukull, Walter A et al. (2018) Treated hypothyroidism is associated with cerebrovascular disease but not Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 62:64-71|
Showing the most recent 10 out of 753 publications


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I strongly disagree. Especially because show tunes can encompass all kinds of music.In general, show tunes are to music what crocs are to shoes. But the musical episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer was not the worst episode in that show.
One time I saw a production of Big River had deaf people and hearing people in it. And part of it was in sign language and the other part was in spoken English. The sign language was dubbed, obviously, but it was really interesting stage version. It was by the theater called the Deaf West theater.Not a raving fan of the genre as a whole but I like a few in particular. I’ve liked G&D, Big River and Westside.