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Research paper on corporate culture - suffolkkitchens.co.ukMarch 18, 2020
Research Paper On Corporate Culture
By: Darlene Fowler A Research Paper Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Master of Science Degree in Training and Development Approved: Four Semester Credits Research Advisor The Graduate School. This mean that by emerging a suitable organizational culture, companies can achieve success Aug 02, 2018 · Amazon vision statement is “to be Earth’s most customer-centric company, where customers can find and discover anything they might want to buy online.” essay writing service discount code High level of customer-centricity is one of the cornerstones of Amazon corporate culture with direct implications to a wide range of organizational processes and procedures. They can be studied by observation,. Introduction Culture can be a very complex issue as it involves behaviours and attitudes. Because organizational research paper on corporate culture culture reflects the values, beliefs and behavioral norms that are used by employees in an organization to give meaning to the situations that they encounter, it can influence the attitudes and behavior of the …. 27th Annual Conference on Financial Economics and Accounting Paper; Duke I&E Research Paper No. 27th Annual Conference on Financial Economics and Accounting Paper; Duke I&E Research Paper No.
Type of paper. Mar 30, 2014 · Governance Structures & Corporate Culture Introduction This paper explores a few elements found in any healthcare organization or business organization in general, in particular, certain organizational structures and hypothetical constructs. Get your paper done by research paper on corporate culture an expert. Your proposal will …. Small business as a basis of economics. Faculty & Research › Working Papers › Organizational Culture. Louis. view is that culture is a convention that helps coordination, like which side of the road we drive on 30 Interesting Business Topics for Research Paper. A-Research-Paper.com is committed to deliver a custom paper/essay which is 100% original and deliver it within the deadline. Amazon has stated that it wants to take advantage http://valiantknife.org/?p=short-essay-about-tet-holiday of any opportunity that presents itself to the company during a …. The cultural differences of business in different countries This review paper has also showed a number of studies that linked the relationship between organizational culture and the organizational performance. Save more time for yourself.
The Relationship Between an Organization's Culture and its Leadership, and the Impact On Employee Performance and Satisfaction. The research design may include a case study, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative (McNulty & Zattoni, 2013) Through the understanding of the existing literatures to support and topic of subject of this research proposal, Corporate culture phenomenon was first discovered in the late seventies. This exploratory study elaborates the impact of organizational culture on organizational performance. That adjustment rule may preclude some choices that increase welfare, thereby creating equilibria in the ensemble setting which would not …. In order to do this the argument will be utilized by supporting the theories of Emile Durkheim, Carol Axtell Ray, Terrance Deal and Allen Kennedy..This study is conducted in different Bahawalpur based franchises of telecom companies A recent study suggests the relationship is strong, but nuanced. Organizational Culture → New research on organizational culture from Harvard Business School faculty on issues including culture development, using values as a guidance system, and recruitment Mar 26, 2014 · Research Proposal on research paper on corporate culture Organizational Culture March 26, 2014 UsefulResearchPapers Research Proposals 0 Organizational culture is the system of values, views and types of behaviour which are shared between the employees of a firm and define the character of the functioning of the firm 1. Therefore, the problem is not in the sacristy of topics, but in the very plenty of them https://www.yourfiresite.com/how-to-write-a-summary-essay You are consulting with a company that is failing. Have Paper Masters outline for you the important details and custom write a research paper that explains every aspect of corporate culture and the importance of innovation View Corporate culture Research Papers on Academia.edu for free In assisting in cultural integration, research papers on organizational culture point to several means of evaluating organizational effectiveness in relation to culture: Contingency approach. (the special language of organizational initiates); and physical arrangements (including interior decor.
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Definition On the textbook “a primer on organizational behavior” James, Anthony and Marcus definite organizational culture is a reflection of an organization’s “personality,” and, similar to an individual’s personality, provides us with insights into attitudes and behaviors Example Research Paper On Organizational Culture - top research paper ghostwriting service us - best blog editor website for phd has become the best essay writer service after many years of experience The Value of Corporate Culture Luigi Guiso, Paola Sapienza, Luigi Zingales. Corporate culture is used to portray the value systems, the communal beliefs and the processes which give a company its uniqueness and its own personality. While there has been a lot of research on the impact of organizational culture on performance, there has been little research on the effects of culture on employee behavior and attitude How to Create a Successful Organizational Culture: Build It—Literally / 06.15 Committed employees improve company performance. NBER Working Paper No. He was also heard to say, I dont serve stockholders, employees, and research paper on corporate culture government regulators they serve the CEO ⬇ Download 5-page research paper on "Airline Corporate Culture" (2020) ☘ … from hospitals to the military, operates under the guidance of a shared set of ideals and objectives, and the concept of a …. Organizational Culture Research Paper Abstract. and Rajgopal, Shivaram, Corporate Culture: Evidence from the Field (June 26, 2019). More proof about the causality of culture and performance comes from Queen's University Centre for Business Venturing organizational culture affects employee’s productivity, performance, commitment, self-confidence, and ethical excellent college application essays behavior. All examples of topics, summaries were provided by straight-A students. an organization functions and expresses itself. The Organizational Culture Of The Lincoln Electric Company; Research Paper on Organizational Culture & Mentoring; Organizational Conflict : An Array Of Varied Cultures; Understand the Relationship Between Organizational Structure and Culture.professional biography proofreading siteswrite world literature thesis statementfree substitute teacher resume example
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CULTURE AND MANAGEMENT IN CHINA purpose of organizational culture is to improve solidarity and cohesion, and to stimulate employees' enthusiasm and creativity to improve the organization’s economic efficiency. Place your custom order with us and experience the different; You are guaranteed; value for your money and a premium paper which meets your expectations, 24/7 customer support and communication with your writer Decathlon Company CultureThe organizational culture in Decathlon Company research paper on corporate culture I. Manifestations ofcultures in organizations include formal practices (such as pay levels, structure ofthe HIERARCHY,JOB DESCRIPTIONS, and other written policies); informal practices (such as behavioral norms);. Behavioral aspects of project management can be identified through answering a few fundamental questions. Simon Professor of Finance at Washington University in St. Cultural similarities. 1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT. Nov 02, 2012 · One of the core functions of the organizational culture is to enhance the team building within the organization as it leads to efficient ways of working and achieving corporate results. Organizational culture influences many aspects of workplace life. Corporate Culture of Southwest Airlines Buy full paper for $19.77 Every complex organization, from hospitals to the military, operates under the guidance of a shared set of ideals and objectives, and the concept of a vision statement has emerged during the half-century as a way to concisely express this philosophy to an organization's target audience May 14, 2011 · Organizational culture is described by Robbins & Coulter as the shared values, beliefs, or perceptions held by employees within an organization or organizational unit.objective for a resume for a warehouse jobsave the earth from pollution essayproposal thesis

domain: sociology


|Publication number||US5150423 A|
|Application number||US 07/727,826|
|Publication date||Sep 22, 1992|
|Filing date||Jul 9, 1991|
|Priority date||Jul 10, 1990|
|Also published as||DE69113537D1, EP0466013A2, EP0466013A3, EP0466013B1|
|Publication number||07727826, 727826, US 5150423 A, US 5150423A, US-A-5150423, US5150423 A, US5150423A|
|Original Assignee||Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co. Ltd.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (14), Classifications (18), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and a device for inspecting the pattern of a printed circuit board, and more particularly to a technique in which an inspection mode is selected depending on the location of pattern defects on the printed circuit board.
2. Description of the Background Art
Printed circuit boards are employed in the field of electronic engineering for mounting and interconnecting electronic elements. Such boards are provided with conductive wiring patterns on one or both sides of insulating boards and with a large number of through holes piercing the insulating boards. Various types of optical visual inspection devices or pattern inspection devices have been employed in order to inspect whether or not the conductive pattern and the through holes are formed accurately within a tolerance.
FIG. 16 is a partial plan view showing an exemplary conductive pattern which is provided on a printed board. The conductive pattern includes wiring patterns 901, lands 902, and shielding portions 903 for electrostatically shielding mounted electronic parts. Through holes (not shown) are formed in the respective lands 902. An optical pattern inspection device reads images of the conductive pattern and the through holes, and performs pattern inspection of the printed board on the basis of the images. The conductive pattern to be inspected may be a mixed pattern, which is provided with a source or grounding conductive pattern and a signal wiring pattern in a multilayer printed board, as well as an SMT (Surface Mount Technology) lead terminal pattern such as illustrated in FIG. 16.
A conventional pattern inspection device is structured so as to inspect the entire surface of a board according to a single inspection rule. Therefore, pinholes exceeding a prescribed size, for example, are judged as "defects" regardless of their location on the board surface.
However, even if the defects on the board are of the same type, their, degree of importance in quality control varies depending on the location of the defects thereof. For example, even a fine defect is liable to become a critical defect in the wiring area 910 of FIG. 16, while such a fine defect does not significantly influence the quality of the printed board in the central area 911 of the shielding portion 903. Thus, printed boards which are judged as defective by a conventional pattern inspection device include those boards that are usable; i.e., nondefectives. For example those having a fine defect only in the aforementioned central area 911. Therefore, a complicated operation is required in order to confirm whether printed boards being judged as defective are actually non-usable defectives or are printed boards which may be considered nondefective. Such and operation leads to a low output of the entire inspection process.
The present invention is directed to a method of inspecting an objective printed board having a conductive pattern thereon.
According to the present invention, the method comprises the steps of: (a) obtaining an image of the objective printed board, wherein the image includes an image of the conductive pattern; (b) extracting an edge of the conductive pattern from its image, or from an image substantially equivalent to the image of the conductive pattern, to generate an edge image; (c) enlarging the width of respective portions of the edge image to generate an enlarged edge image; (d) determining first and second areas in the image of the objective printed board, wherein the first area coincides with the aforementioned enlarged edge image and the second area is an area other than the first area; and (e) inspecting the first area of the image of an objective printed board in a first inspection mode and inspecting the second area of the image of the objective printed board in a second inspection mode different from the first inspection mode.
In one aspect of the present invention, a reference printed board is prepared tat is identical to an objective printed board having a conductive pattern previously judged as nondefective. The image of the reference printed board is read, prior to the image reading of the objective printed board, to obtain the edge image described in the step (b) above.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, only the first area is actually inspected and the second area is not subjected to inspection.
Alternatively, an image of a mask film used in forming the objective printed board may be utilized, or design data of the printed board may be utilized for performing the aforementioned edge extraction.
The term "the image substantially equivalent to the image of the conductive pattern" in the present invention is generic and encompasses the aforementioned images or image data.
Preferably, regions where mini via holes exist are removed from the enlarged edge image.
The present invention also provide a device suitable for operation based on the present method.
The selection or switching of inspection modes in the present invention includes the following cases:
An inspection is actually performed in an ON-mode, while no inspection is performed in an OFF mode.
The degree of strictness in inspection is changed depending on whether the objective area inspected belongs to the enlarged edge image. Thus, for example, the Inspection Condition Switching includes the switching of the maximum allowable diameters of pinholes in two ways, for example.
Inspected items are switched depending on whether the objective area inspected belongs to the enlarged edge image. For example, the Inspected Item Switching includes switching between performing hole breakout inspection in the enlarged edge images area and performing inspection of pinholes in non-edge regions.
The present invention is based on the fact that defects caused in areas around edges of a conductive pattern are important in quality control. In addition to wiring patterns, defects such as around the edges of shielding portions are liable to relate to other defects in later stages of board fabrication. This may result in a reduction in reliability of the printed circuit board. According to the present invention, such areas are grasped as "enlarged edge images" by combination of edge extraction means and edge enlarging means. In an image of the printed board, different inspection modes are selectively employed in enlarged edge regions defined by the enlarged edge images as compared to other non-edge regions, thereby enabling suitable pattern inspection in consideration of portions that are likely to cause defects.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is is to provide a pattern inspection method and device for a printed board which can detect pattern defects while distinguishing areas having a high degree of importance in quality control from other areas having a lesser degree of importance. As a result, the entire inspection process is improved by omitting or simplifying the confirming operation which customarily follows the detection of pattern defects in printed circuit boards.
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1A is a partially fragmented plan view showing an optical inspection device for a printed board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.,
FIG. 1B is a partially fragmented side elevational view of the device shown in FIG. 1A;
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary printed board;
FIG. 3 is a typical side elevational view showing an optical head employed in the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the overall electrical structure of the preferred embodiment;
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are explanatory diagrams for binarization of a print pattern and through holes:
FIG. 6A is an internal structural diagram of an inspection circuit unit;
FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram for signals produced in a pre-processing circuit;
FIG. 6C illustrates an exemplary circuit structure for filling-up processing;
FIG. 6D is a block diagram showing the internal structure of an enlarged edge image generation circuit;
FIGS. 7A to 7C, 8A to 8C and 9A and 9B are explanatory diagrams for processes of generating enlarged edge images;
FIG. 10 is a circuit structure diagram showing an edge extraction circuit;
FIG. 11 is a circuit structure diagram showing an edge enlarging circuit;
FIGS. 12A to 12D illustrate exemplary structures for selecting an inspection mode by a control signal;
FIG. 13 is a partial diagram showing another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a 3×3 space operator;
FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate circuits corresponding to the 3×3 space operator shown in FIG. 14; and
FIG. 16 is a diagram for illustrating a pattern on a printed board.
FIG. 1A is a plan view, with portions broken away, of a printed circuit board inspection device 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a side view thereof. The device 10 comprises a lower housing 11 and an upper housing 12. The lower housing 11 is provided with a horizontally movable table 13. The movable table 13 includes a rectangular frame 14 and a glass plate 15 mounted in the rectangular frame 14. The bottom surface 15a of the glass plate 15 is frosted or coarsely ground. A printed circuit board 20 is placed on the top surface 15b of the glass plate 15 and is supported by the glass plate 15.
With reference to FIG. 2, the printed circuit board 20 includes an insulative base plate 21 made of glass epoxy and printed patterns or conductive patterns 22 of copper formed on both surfaces thereof by means of screen printing technique or photo-etching technique. The printed patterns 22 have wiring pattern portions 23, lands 24, and a shield portion 27. Each of the lands 24 is formed therein with a through-hole 25 which pierces or penetrates through the printed circuit board 20. The through-holes 25 are classified into two types: normal through-holes 25t and mini via-holes 25m. The normal through-holes 25t, having a relatively large diameter, are used for mounting electronic elements and for connecting the electronic elements to the conductive patterns 22. The mini-via-holes 25m, having a relatively small diameter, are used for electrical connection between the two surfaces of the insulative base plate 21. The inner wall surfaces of the through-holes 25t and 25m are plated with conductive metal.
Reference is made to FIGS. 1A and 1B. The frame 14 is slidable on a pair of guide rails 16. A ball screw 17 extends in the direction parallel to the guide rails 16. A nut 19, fixed to the frame 14, is coupled with the ball screw 17. When a motor 18 turns the ball screw 17, the movable table 13 moves in the horizontal (±Y) directions.
An image reading system 50 is provided in the upper housing 12. An optical head array 100 extending in the horizontal (±X) directions is disposed in a space over the mid portion of the image reading system 50. The optical head array 100 includes eight optical heads H0 to H7, which are supported at equal intervals by a supporting member 101. The supporting member 101 is slidable on a guide member 102 in the (±X) directions. The guide member 102 is fixed to a pair of side frame members 51a and 51b. The supporting member 101 is coupled to a motor 103 through a nut (not shown) and a ball screw 104. When the motor 103 is driven, the optical heads H0 to H7 move in the (±X) directions together with the supporting member 101.
A light source 120 for "transmitted illumination" is disposed under the optical heads H0 to H7. As used herein, "transmitted illumination" is defined as illumination applied to an object and transmitted through holes formed in the object. The light source 120 is composed of a large number of infrared LEDs arranged in the (±X) directions, and serves substantially as a linear light source. The light source 120 is supported from the side frames 51 through supporting rods 121 and 122. Each of the optical heads H0 to H7 has a light source 110 for "reflected illumination". The light source 110 being attached to the bottom thereof. "Reflected illumination" is defined as illumination applied to an object and reflected at the surface of the object. The light source 110 includes three pairs of one-dimensional arrays of red LEDs extending in the (±X) directions.
Presser roller mechanisms 200A and 200B are provided on opposite sides of the optical head array 100 in order to press the printed circuit board 20 fed thereunder. The presser roller mechanisms 200A and 200B operate to prevent the out-of-position and flexure of the printed circuit board 20.
A data processor 300 for performing various data processings and operation controls is disposed in the upper housing 12.
Prior to the description of the detailed structure of the inspection device the overall operation of the device 10 will be discussed hereinafter. Initially, the printed circuit board 20 is placed on the glass plate 15 as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. When an operation switch is manually operated, the motor 18 is rotated forward so that the printed circuit board 20 moves in the (+Y) direction together with the movable table 13. The light sources 110 and 120 light up.
Next, the printed circuit board 20 reaches the position of the image reading system 50 with the movement of the table 13. The optical heads H0 to H7 read the images of the printed patterns 22 (of FIG. 2) illuminated by the reflected illumination from the light source 110, and read the images of the through-holes 25 illuminated by the transmitted illumination from the light source 120. The respective image reading is conducted for each scanning line schematically defined on the printed circuit board 20.
Since there are gaps between the visual fields of the respective optical heads H0 to H7, the entire image of the surface of the printed circuit board 20 cannot be read only through a movement of the printed circuit board 20 in the (+Y) direction. Therefore, after the movement of the printed circuit board 20 in the (+Y) direction, the motor 103 is driven to move the optical heads H0 to H7 in the (+X) direction. The distance of the movement in the (+X) direction is equal to the half of the mutual arrangement pitch of the optical heads H0 to H7. After this movement is completed, the motor 18 is reversely rotated. Accordingly, the printed circuit board 20 moves in the (-Y) direction, while the optical heads H0 to H7 read the remaining parts of the images of the wiring patterns 22 and the through-holes 25.
In this manner, both scans indicated by the solid arrows A1 and the the broken arrows A2 in FIG. 1A are carried out. Thus the image reading of the entire surface of the printed circuit board 20 can be accomplished. The images detected are given to the data processor 300, wherein predetermined criteria are used to determine whether the printed patterns 22 and the through-holes 25 are defective or not based upon predetermined criteria.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the internal structure of the optical head H0. Although FIG. 3 shows only the optical head H0, the other optical heads H1 to H7 have the same structure.
The light source 110 for reflected illumination is composed of a light source 111 for regular reflection and light sources 112 and 113 for irregular reflection. Each of the light sources 111, 112 and 113 is substantially a linear light source composed of a one-dimensional array of red LEDs which generate red light of wavelength λ1 (≠600 to 700 nm).
Light from the light sources 111, 112 and 113 is applied to the area-to-be-inspected or objective area AR of the top surface of the printed circuit board 20 located just under the optical head H0.
The light source 120 for transmitted illumination is composed of a one-dimensional array of infrared LEDs which generate infrared light of wavelength λ2 (≠700 to 1000 nm). The light source 120 projects the infrared light in the (+Z) direction toward an area corresponding to the reverse side of the area AR in the printed circuit board 20.
Part of the red light generated by the light sources 111, 112 and 113 for reflected illumination reaches the area AR and is reflected at the area AR. Part of the infrared light from the light source 120 for transmitted illumination reaches the through-holes 25 and passes through the through holes 25. The reflected light and the transmitted light thus obtained are directed to the optical head H0 as a spatially superposed compound light.
As shown in FIG. 3, the compound light passes through an image-formation lens system 140 and impinges on a cold mirror 150. The cold mirror 150 transmits only infrared rays. The red light (i.e., the reflected light LR from the surface of the printed circuit board 20) included in the compound light is reflected at the mirror 150 to the (+Y) direction so that an image is formed on a photo-detecting surface of a first CCD linear image sensor 161. The infrared light (i.e., the transmitted light LT through the through-hole 25) included in the compound light passes through the mirror 150 so that an image is formed on a photo-detecting surface of a second CCD linear image sensor 162.
Each of the CCD linear image sensors 161 and 162 has CCD photo-electric cells arranged one-dimensionally in the (±X) directions. The first linear image sensor 161 detects the one-dimensional image of the surface of the printed circuit board 20 illuminated by the reflected illumination. The second linear image sensor 162 detects the one-dimensional image of the through-hole 25 illuminated by the transmitted illumination. The movement mechanism shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B moves the printed circuit board 20 and the optical head array 100 in a manner so that each area of the printed circuit board 20 is scanned. As a result two-dimensional images of the wiring pattern 22 and the through-holes 25 for each area can be obtained.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the overall electric structure of the preferred embodiment. A/D converters 301 receive wiring pattern image signals PS0 -PS7 and through hole image signals HS0 -HS7 from the optical heads H0 to H7 and convert them into digital signals. The digital signals are transmitted to circuits 304 each composed of binarizing circuits 302 and 303.
The binarizing circuits 302 and 803 compare the digitized image signals PS0 and HS0 with predetermined threshold values TH1 and TH2 (see FIG. 5) and output the respective binarized signals. The binarized signals are at a logical "H" level when the levels of the signals PS0 and HS0 are higher than the threshold values TH1 and TH2 respectively, and are at a logical "L" level when the levels of the signals PS0 and HS0 are lower than the threshold values TH1 and TH2, respectively. The binarizing circuits 302 and 308 corresponding to the other optical heads H1 to H7 have the same structure.
The binarized image signals thus obtained are transmitted to a pattern inspection system 400. The pattern inspection system 400 includes eight inspection circuit units 400a to 400h corresponding to the optical heads H0 to H7. The units 400a to 400h construct the two-dimensional images of the printed patterns 22 and the through-holes 25 based on the image signals which are supplied from the optical heads H0 to H7 and digitalized in the circuits 302 or 303. The units 400a to 400h operate to decide whether the printed patterns 22 and the through-holes 25 are defective or not based on predetermined criteria.
The data processor 300 further comprises a control circuit 310. The control circuit 310 provides on/off commands to the light sources 110 and 120 through lighting circuits 311 and 312, and drive control signals to the motors 18 and 103. The motor 18 is equipped with a rotary encoder 18E, which detects a motor rotation angle signal. The motor rotation angle signal for ruling data processing timing is given to the control circuit 310.
The control circuit 310 includes a synchronization control circuit 314 for controlling the read timing of the linear image sensors 161 and 162 and the synchronization of the motors 18 and 103.
FIG. 6A is a block diagram of the internal structure of the inspection circuit unit 400a. The other inspection circuit units 400b to 400h have the same structure.
The image signals PS and HS outputted from the binarizing circuits 302 and 303 are given to a pre-processor 500 as a pattern signal PS and a hole signal HS indicative of the two-dimensional images of the printed pattern 22 and the through-hole 25, respectively. The pre-processor 500 generates various signals based on the pattern signal PS and the hole signal HS. The major ones among the various signals are as follows (see FIG. 6B):
This signal CHS represents a corrected hole image having a diameter obtained by slightly enlarging the diameter of the through-hole 25. The corrected hole signal CHS is generated in connection with detection of the inner wall of the through-hole 25. Namely, the inner wall of the through-holes 25 are plated with metal. However, the inner wall is sometimes detected neither in the pattern signal PS nor in the hole signal HS. Hence, the hole signal HS is enlarged or corrected to close or compensate for the gap caused between the signals PS and HS due to such an undetected portion. The corrected hole signal CHS includes a signal CHSt corresponding to the normal through-hole 25t and a signal CHSm corresponding to the mini-via-hole 25m.
This signal SHS represents an image obtained by further enlarging the hole diameter represented by the corrected hole signal CHS. The enlarged hole signal SHS includes an enlarged normal through-hole signal SHSt and an enlarged mini-via-hole signal SHSm.
This is a signal in which a blank portion (or the center portion of FIG. 5(a)) corresponding to the through hole 25 in the pattern signal PS is filled in with a logical level "H". The signal CPS is the logical summation of the Corrected hole signal CHS and the pattern signal PS see FIG. 6C). The signal CPS is also referred to as a "corrected pattern signal" hereinafter.
These signals are used for various purposes. Shown in FIG. 6A are some of the signals outputted from the pre-processor 500 which are necessary for the following description.
The inspection circuit unit 400a shown in FIG. 6A comprises the following two types of inspection circuits for pattern inspection:
This circuit 420 is adapted to determine whether the printed board 20 is defective or nondefective by extracting characteristics such as line widths, pattern angles and continuity from the pattern on the printed board 20, and by determining whether or not these characteristics are out of the design values. Such DRC method or a characteristic extraction method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open Gazette No. 57-149905 (1982).
This circuit 430 is adapted to compare image signals obtained from a previously prepared reference printed board with the image signals obtained from the printed board 20 to be inspected, and to specify the defective portions. The reference printed board is of the same type as the printed board 20 to be inspected and is previously determined as nondefective. This comparative method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open Gazette No. 60-263807 (1985).
Since the device of the preferred embodiment requires information as to the reference printed board, the reference printed board is placed on the table 13 and its image is read before image reading is performed on the printed board 20 to be inspected. The signal CPS produced in the pre-processing circuit 500 in reading the reference printed board is supplied to and stored in an image memory 410. Address generation timing control for this image memory 410 and a region memory 630 (FIG. 6D), which is described later, is performed by the synchronization control circuit 314 shown in FIG. 4.
From the signals obtained in the pre-processing circuit 500 (FIG. 6A), the compensated pattern signal CPS is supplied also to an enlarged edge image generating circuit 600. As shown in FIG. 6D, the circuit 600 comprises an edge extraction circuit 610, an edge enlarging circuit 620 and the region memory 630.
In connection with the operation of this circuit 600, FIG. 7A shows an exemplary print pattern on the reference printed board in the form of a partial plan view. This print pattern 550 has relatively narrow wiring patterns 552 and 553, in addition to a shielding portion or a copper solid portion 551. Through-holes 555 are formed in lands 554. The corrected pattern signal CPS obtained by reading such a pattern is supplied to a flip-flop circuit 611 (FIG. 10) provided in the edge extraction circuit 610, and is delayed in flip flop circuit 611 by a time period corresponding to one pixel, to become a signal CPSa. The signals CPS an CPSa are then supplied to an exclusive OR (Ex. OR) gate 612. FIG. 8A is an enlarged view of portion 560 of FIG. 7A. Regions expressed in solid and broken lines in FIG. 8A correspond to the respective image regions represented by the signals CPS and CPSa which are supplied to the Ex. OR gate 612 at the same point in time. "MAIN SCANNING" and "SUBSCANNING" indicate image scanning operations in FIG. 1A along the (±X) direction and the (±Y) direction in FIG. 1A respectively, and whether the directions are of "+" or "-" depends on the pixel reading directions of the CCD linear image sensors 161 and 162 and the direction of movement of the table 13. Oblique line portions in FIG. 8A represent deviation areas between the images expressed by the signals CPS and CPSa. An output signal ESa of the Ex. OR gate 612 expresses the deviation areas.
The corrected pattern signal CPS is also supplied to a one-scanning-line delay circuit 613 shown in FIG. 10, and delayed by this circuit 613 by a time period corresponding to one scanning line, to become a signal CPSb. The signals CPS and CPSb are supplied to another Ex. OR gate 614. As shown in FIG. 8B, an output signal ESb from this Ex. OR gate 614 expresses deviation areas between the signals CPS and CPSb which are inputted in the Ex. OR gate 614 at the current point in time.
The respective output signals ESa and ESb of the two Ex. OR gates 612 and 614 are supplied to an OR gate 615, which in turn outputs a signal ES indicating the logical sum thereof. As shown in FIGS. 8C and 7B. the signal ES is an edge signal expressing each edge or contour line of the print pattern 550. An edge image EI expressed by this edge signal ES has a finite width. As shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, the edge image IE may have a width of two or more pixels, by the combination of the signals ESa and ESb, as to an edge obliquely extending with respect to each scanning direction, while the edge image EI has a width of one pixel in other edges.
The edge signal ES thus obtained is supplied to a multistage connection of one-line delay circuits 621 which are provided in the edge enlarging circuit 620 (FIG. 11). Assuming that represents a prescribed positive integer, the number of the one-line delay circuits 621 is (2n-1). Respective delay outputs of these (2n-1) one-line delay circuits 621 and the edge signal ES are supplied to an OR gate 622, which obtains a logical sum signal ESL thereof. As shown in FIG. 9A, this logical sum signal ESL expresses an image obtained by enlarging the edge image EI by 2n pixels in the subscanning direction.
This signal ESL is supplied to (2n-1) multistage connections of flip-flop circuits 623, where each circuit 623 has a delay function of one pixel. Respective outputs of these flip-flop circuits 623 and the signal ESL are supplied to an OR gate 624. As shown in FIG. 9B, an output signal SES of the OR gate 624 expresses an image SEI which is obtained by enlarging the edge image EI by 2n pixels in both the main scanning direction and the subscanning direction respectively. The enlarged edge signal SES is supplied to the region memory 630 (FIG. 6D), so that the enlarged edge image SEI expressed by this signal SES is stored in this region memory 630. The center of the line width of the enlarged edge image SEI is deviated from the center of the edge image EI by n pixels in both the main scanning direction and the subscanning direction. However, it is possible to compensate for this deviation by delaying read timing by n pixels in the reading of the enlarged edge image SEI from the image memory 630. FIG. 7C shows the entire enlarged edge image SES as to the print pattern 550 shown in FIG. 7A.
After the aforementioned processing of the reference printed board is completed, the reference printed board provided on the table 13 is replaced by the printed board 20 to be inspected, and image reading is started as to the board 20. The signal CPS outputted from the preparation circuit 500 of FIG. 6A is supplied to the DRC inspection circuit 420 and the comparative check circuit 430. In synchronization with this operation, the corrected pattern signal CPS as to the reference printed board, which had been stored in the image memory 410, is read and supplied to the comparative check circuit 430.
The DRC inspection circuit 420 and the comparative check circuit 430 execute respective inspection processing on the basis of respective input signals and output inspection result signals INSa and INSb.
On the other hand, the enlarged mini-via-hole signal SHSm from the pre-processing circuit 500 is supplied to a logical composite circuit 450. In synchronization with this operation, the enlarged edge signals SES are read from the region memory 630 (FIG. 6D) sequentially along the scanning lines, and supplied to the logical composite circuit 450. The logical composite circuit 450 obtains the logical sum of the enlarged mini-via-hole signal SHSm and the enlarged edge signals SES, thereby generating an inspection control signal CONT. The inspection control signal CONT goes "H" in areas (hereinafter referred to as "important inspection areas") on the enlarged edge images SEI having no mini-via-holes 25m while going "L" in other areas. This inspection control signal CONT is supplied to inspection circuits 420 and 430, thereby selecting one inspection mode for the important inspection areas and selecting another inspection mode for other areas. Such elimination of the mini-via-holes 25m from the important inspection areas is related to the fact that no electronic components are mounted in the mini-via-holes 25m. The mini-via-holes 25m are provided in order to electrically connect the upper side and the lower side of the board 20 with each other using the plating layers formed on the inner wall portions thereof. Thus hole breakout is allowed to some extent so long as the connection is maintained. Therefore, the mini-via-holes 25m may be eliminated from the important inspection areas.
FIGS. 12A to 12D show exemplary structures for the selection of the respective inspection modes described above. FIGS. 12A to 12D represent inspection circuits 420 and 430. The contents of "processors" and "input image signals" in FIGS. 12A to 12D are different for the inspection circuits 420 and 430. Further, FIGS. 12A to 12D show hardware type "processors"; however, it is also possible to implement substantially equivalent functions thereto with software programs. The control signal CONT is used as an enabling signal for processor 421 in the example shown in FIG. 12A, so that the processor 421 is enabled only for the important inspection areas. Therefore, the device enters an inspection inhibiting mode in areas other than the important inspection areas. As a result, signal levels indicating "no defects" are given to inspection result signals INSa (INSb) in the areas other than the important inspection areas.
FIG. 12B shows that the selection of an inspection executing mode or the inspection inhibiting mode depending on the type of area, is performed using an OR gate 422. The result of the inspection meaning "no defects" is indicated when inspection result signals INSa (INSb) are at a logical "H" level. The control signal CONT is at a logical "H" level for important inspection areas, while the same is at a logical "L" level for areas other than the important inspection areas.
In the structure shown in FIG. 12C, a plurality of inspecting condition data defining different inspecting conditions is previously registered in a condition register 23. The different inspecting conditions include a relatively strict inspecting condition and a relatively loose inspecting condition. The relatively strict inspecting condition is a criterion such that printed boards having even small defects are regarded as defective ones, while the relatively loose inspecting condition is such that printed boards having only large defects are regarded as defective ones. In the important inspection areas, the data representing the relatively strict inspecting condition is read from the register 423 in response to the control signal CONT, and supplied to the processor 421. In areas other than the important inspection areas, on the other hand, the data representing the loose inspection condition is read from the register 423 and supplied to the processor 421. The processor 421 performs pattern inspections under an inspection mode defined by the inspecting condition thus supplied. Through this operation, a plurality of inspection modes defined by the respective inspection conditions are selectively employed for each area to be inspected.
In the example shown in FIG. 12D, the are provided a plurality of processors 421a and 421b operable to conduct inspections corresponding to different inspection items. The processors 421a and 421b are selectively enabled depending on the level of the inspection signal CONT. Thereafter, an inspection item is selected depending on whether the area to be inspected belong to the important inspection area or not.
As described above in the various examples, one inspection mode is selectively employed for the important inspection areas and another for the other areas according to the preferred embodiment. Thus, it is possible to selectively inspect in detail peripheral areas of pattern edges, which are important in quality control. Hence, defects having low degrees of importance, such as pinholes in central regions of shielding patterns of a print pattern, are automatically neglected. As a result of this aspect of the present invention, it is possible to omit or simplify a later operation for confirming the defects, whereby the overall inspection process is improved.
(1) The enlarged edge images SEI can also be obtained from a pattern image of the printed board 20 to be inspected. While the print pattern 22 on the printed board 20 may have defects, regions or areas requiring detailed inspection can be covered with the enlarged edge images so far as the edge enlarge width 2n is set at a relatively large value. Preferably, the edge enlarge width 2n is set at about 1 to 2 mm in real size on the printed board 20.
In the device of this preferred embodiment having a transmitted light source, it is also possible to read the pattern on a mask film employed for forming the printed board 20 and to obtain enlarged edge images SEI on the basis of the pattern image.
(2) When the pattern on the printed board 20 is designed with a CAD, it is also possible to obtain enlarged edge images SEI using the CAD data. In this case, the CAD data is inputted using an input unit 671, as shown in FIG. 13. A selector 672 is adapted to switch the input thereof between respective output signals CPS0 and CPS of the input unit 671 and a pre-processing circuit 500, and output the selected signal to an image memory 410, an enlarged edge image producing circuit 600 and the like. Before the image of the printed board 20 to be inspected is read, a filled-up pattern image signal CPS0 produced from the CAD data is supplied to the image memory 410 and the enlarged edge image generating circuit 600. The enlarged edge image generating circuit 600 generates an enlarged edge signal SEI on the basis of this signal CPS0, thereby defining important inspection areas.
(3) The edge extraction circuit 610 can also be structured using a space operator. For example, a 3×3 space operator OP shown in FIG. 14 is made to act on respective pixels while sequentially matching its center OP22 with the respective centers of pixels on the printed board. When a logical level which is different from the logical level at the central operator OP22 is obtained in at least one of other operators OP11 to OP21 and OP23 to OP33 as a result of applying the space operator to respective pixels, the pixel of the central operator OP22 is recognized as one of edge pixels.
More particularly, signals S11 to S33 are produced by combination of one-line delay circuits 166 and flip-flop circuits 167 as shown in FIG. 15A. Then, the signals S11 to S33 are inputted in a combined circuit of an Ex. OR gate 168 and an OR gate 169 shown in FIG. 15B, to obtain the output Signal ES of the OR gate 169 as an edge signal.
(4) The enlarged edge images SEI may be produced on the basis of the pattern image signal PS whose blank part is not yet filled up. Further, two image reading systems may be provided so that the respective images of the printed board 20 to be inspected and the reference printed board can be simultaneously read.
The DRC inspection circuit 420 has the advantage that defect contents can be specified, while the comparative check circuit 430 has the advantage that a printed board having an arbitrary pattern can be inspected. Therefore, it is preferable to use both these inspection circuits as in the aforementioned preferred embodiment. However the present invention is applicable irrespective of the types of inspection circuits employed.
While the invention has been shown and described in detail, the foregoing description is in all aspects illustrative and not restrictive. It is therefore understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised without departing from the scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4692943 *||Dec 27, 1984||Sep 8, 1987||Dr. Ludwig Pietzsch Gmbh||Method of and system for opto-electronic inspection of a two-dimensional pattern on an object|
|US4980923 *||Feb 2, 1989||Dec 25, 1990||Seiko Instruments Inc.||Dilation/erosion conversion circuit|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5600734 *||Dec 19, 1994||Feb 4, 1997||Fujitsu Limited||Electron beam tester|
|US5784484 *||Apr 1, 1996||Jul 21, 1998||Nec Corporation||Device for inspecting printed wiring boards at different resolutions|
|US5825912 *||Jan 10, 1997||Oct 20, 1998||Fujitsu Limited||Electron beam tester|
|US5872862 *||Feb 6, 1997||Feb 16, 1999||Fujitsu Limited||Electron beam tester|
|US6031242 *||Jan 23, 1998||Feb 29, 2000||Zevatech, Inc.||Semiconductor die in-flight registration and orientation method and apparatus|
|US6077022 *||Feb 10, 1998||Jun 20, 2000||Zevatech Trading Ag||Placement machine and a method to control a placement machine|
|US6129040 *||Aug 19, 1998||Oct 10, 2000||Esec Sa||Semi-conductor mounting apparatus for applying adhesive to a substrate|
|US6135339 *||Jan 14, 1999||Oct 24, 2000||Esec Sa||Ultrasonic transducer with a flange for mounting on an ultrasonic welding device, in particular on a wire bonder|
|US6157870 *||Feb 10, 1998||Dec 5, 2000||Zevatech Trading Ag||Apparatus supplying components to a placement machine with splice sensor|
|US6179938||Oct 19, 1998||Jan 30, 2001||Esec Sa||Method and apparatus for aligning the bonding head of a bonder, in particular a die bonder|
|US6185815||Dec 2, 1998||Feb 13, 2001||Esec Sa||Semiconductor mounting apparatus with a chip gripper travelling back and forth|
|US6757421 *||Sep 27, 2000||Jun 29, 2004||Cognex Corporation||Method and apparatus for detecting defects|
|US8041104 *||Aug 22, 2005||Oct 18, 2011||Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation||Pattern matching apparatus and scanning electron microscope using the same|
|US20060045326 *||Aug 22, 2005||Mar 2, 2006||Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation||Pattern matching apparatus and scanning electron microscope using the same|
|U.S. Classification||382/145, 382/256|
|International Classification||G06T1/00, G01N21/956, G01N21/88, H05K3/00, G01N21/93, G06T7/00, G01R31/309|
|Cooperative Classification||G06T7/0085, G01N21/956, G06T2207/30141, G06T7/001, G01R31/309|
|European Classification||G06T7/00S3, G06T7/00B1R, G01R31/309, G01N21/956|
|Mar 8, 1996||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 13, 2000||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 18, 2004||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Constructing a concrete driveway is a significant investment in enhancing the functionality and aesthetic appeal of your property. For homeowners, understanding the process and what to expect can ensure the project goes smoothly.
A Homeowner’s Guide to Concrete Driveway Construction
This guide walks you through the key steps of concrete driveway companies near me Dallas TX construction.
- Planning and Design
Begin with a clear plan for your driveway. Consider the size, shape, and placement. Think about the type of vehicles that will use the driveway and plan for adequate space. Also, consider the overall design, including any decorative aspects like stamped patterns or colors that complement your home’s exterior.
- Permits and Regulations
Check with your local building authority for any permits required for driveway construction. Adhering to local zoning laws and building codes is essential to avoid legal issues.
- Choosing a Contractor
Selecting the right contractor is crucial. Look for experienced professionals with good reviews and a solid portfolio of completed driveways. Get multiple quotes and understand what’s included in the price.
- Preparation and Excavation
The site needs to be prepared before pouring concrete. This involves excavating to the required depth, which is typically about 7-8 inches, including sub-base, base, and concrete layers. Ensure proper drainage to avoid water pooling on your driveway.
- Sub-Base Installation
A good sub-base is the key to a long-lasting driveway. It provides a stable surface for the concrete and helps with drainage. Materials like crushed stone or gravel are commonly used.
- Framing the Driveway
Once the sub-base is prepared, the next step is framing the driveway with wooden forms. These forms will hold the concrete in place as it dries and help achieve the desired shape and level.
To enhance the durability of the driveway, add reinforcement like steel rebar or wire mesh. This step is vital for preventing cracks and ensuring the longevity of your driveway.
- Pouring the Concrete
The concrete mix is poured into the forms and spread evenly. It’s important to choose a day with favorable weather conditions, as extreme temperatures can affect the curing process.
- Finishing Touches
Once the concrete is poured, it needs to be leveled and smoothed out. Additional decorative elements like stamping or coloring are applied at this stage. The concrete is then left to cure, which can take several days.
- Sealing the Driveway
After curing, it’s recommended to seal the concrete. This protects it from moisture, stains, and weather damage, and can enhance the color and finish of decorative concrete.
Regular maintenance is key to extending the life of your driveway. This includes cleaning, resealing every few years, and addressing any cracks or damage promptly.
A Homeowner’s Guide to Concrete Driveway Construction
Constructing a concrete driveway is a complex process that requires careful planning, skilled execution, and ongoing maintenance. As a homeowner, being informed about each step helps you make better decisions and ensures a successful project. With the right preparation and a reliable contractor, your concrete driveway can provide years of durable service and add significant value to your property.
Awnings are not just practical elements for providing shade; they can also serve as powerful branding tools for your business. Whether you have a storefront, restaurant, or office space, leveraging awnings effectively can enhance your brand visibility and leave a lasting impression.
How to Use Commercial Awnings as a Branding Tool
Here are some friendly tips to make the most of Tampa commercial awnings as a branding tool.
Choose Colors and Designs That Reflect Your Brand Identity
When selecting awnings for your business, think of them as an extension of your brand. Opt for colors and designs that align with your brand identity. Consider incorporating your brand’s primary colors and logo into the awning design. This consistency reinforces brand recognition and ensures that your business is easily identifiable to both existing and potential customers.
Include Clear Brand Messaging
Awnings provide a valuable canvas to communicate essential information about your business. Use this space wisely by including clear and concise brand messaging. Whether it’s your tagline, a brief description of your services, or a special promotion, ensure that the messaging is easily readable and complements your overall brand image. Keep it simple yet impactful to capture the attention of passersby.
Ensure Visibility from a Distance
The effectiveness of awnings as a branding tool relies on their visibility, even from a distance. Choose high-contrast colors and bold fonts to enhance readability. Consider the size and placement of your business name or logo to ensure it can be seen from afar. This is particularly important for attracting foot traffic and creating a strong first impression as people approach your establishment.
Maintain Consistency Across Multiple Locations
If your business has multiple locations, maintaining consistency in awning design is key to reinforcing your brand identity. Aim for a cohesive look across all storefronts, ensuring that the color schemes, logos, and messaging remain uniform. Consistency builds brand trust and makes it easier for customers to recognize and connect with your business, regardless of its physical location.
Invest in Quality Materials and Regular Maintenance
A well-maintained awning not only enhances the aesthetics of your business but also reflects positively on your brand. Invest in quality materials that are durable and can withstand weather elements. Regularly clean and maintain your awnings to prevent fading, wear, or damage. A clean and well-preserved awning not only contributes to a professional appearance but also ensures that your branding elements remain vibrant and impactful.
Conclusion: How to Use Commercial Awnings as a Branding Tool
Awnings offer a unique and versatile opportunity to elevate your brand visibility. By choosing colors and designs that reflect your brand identity, including clear brand messaging, ensuring visibility from a distance, maintaining consistency across multiple locations, and investing in quality materials, you can effectively leverage awnings as a powerful branding tool for your business.
These simple yet impactful tips can turn your awnings into a dynamic and memorable aspect of your overall brand strategy. As customers pass by, let your awnings tell a compelling story about your business and leave a lasting impression in their minds.

domain: design


text:
The lab’s first pub is a nifty piece of synth bio for genome editing the brain. Richardson et al. describe a platform to test and develop new high-precision genome editing reagents. Some of our new CRISPR fusions, like eRad18-Cas9-CtIP with linear donors, showed up to 45-times higher accuracy at point-mutation editing compared to vanilla CRISPR. Another step toward direct in vivo knockin and in situ gene therapy approaches!
(photo by T. Soykan)
The lab has fun recreating Raphael’s “The School of Athens” in Chicago, while presenting at the 2019 meeting of the Society for Neuroscience!
Ryan, Marilyn, and Jeffrey unveiled their new approach to high efficiency in vivo genome engineering with in situ CRISPR:
Bek, Andrea, Noury, and Uriel debuted their findings on how a mutation in a family with intellectual disability affects the dynactin complex and cortical circuit wiring:
Alex presented new findings on how phosphorylation of Neuroligin adhesion molecules determines synapse specificities:
And how reciprocal adhesion gradient matching guides the development of cortical circuitry:
… and Garrett stashed us some sweet top-shelf probes…
Congratulations to Andrea Romanowski for passing her qualifying exam and advancing to PhD candidacy with flying colors!
Andrea and Garrett spreading the love for neuroscience at Windsor Hills Elementary and Middle School!
Learn more at UMB NOVA (Neuroscience Outreach and Volunteer Association)
Do we use the windows as white boards? We sure do.
Today is the first day for Ben Grosso (Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology) and Garrett Bunce (Program in Neuroscience) in the lab, kicking off the first round of 2019 lab rotations for GPILS students. Andrea and Marilyn introduce the new lab members to the lab’s science…
Andrea Romanowski, from the Program in Molecular Medicine, becomes the lab’s 1st PhD student! Andrea’s first official day of PhD work, July 26, is also the day that, exactly 100 years ago, Emmy Noether published a paper outlining her eponymous theorem. Auspicious beginnings for the future Dr. Romanowski!
Moving day is here! Time for the Poulopoulos Lab to get a new home across the street in Health Sciences Facility III.
Equipment needs bubble wrap, heavy things need lifting, scopes come apart and back together again. And in the midst of this madness, our science doesn’t miss a beat! The heroic investigators of the lab continued cloning and perfusing in between filling crates and hauling off incubators. Everyone working hard… except the guy behind the camera, that is.
Goodbye old lab… hello vista from the 9th floor of the new and improved PouLab!!!

domain: news


text:
The bestselling self-help author had a slow start in the debates, but when it came to creating memorable moments, she eventually held her own against more recognized candidates such as former Vice President Joe Biden, Sen. Bernie Sanders and Sen. Kamala Harris.
However, nobody seems to know what to make of her.
But after Thursday night’s performance, social media were abuzz with viewers wondering who Williamson was and marveling at her answers, including the one in which she said the first thing she would do as president would be to call the New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and say, “Girl, you are so on,” a reference to Ardern’s emphasis on building a country that treats its children well, one Williamson seemed to indicate she would emulate.
She also referenced John F. Kennedy sending people to the moon during an exchange about climate change and made clear that she has an aversion to plans.
Here are some of the reactions people had to Williamson’s performance.
A few people on twitter pointed to a 2017 tweet of Williamson’s.

domain: politics


New Delhi (IANS) In line with the Budget announcement , Government would issue special series bonds in rupees which will be completely outside capital controls to let the foreign investors buy and sell these sovereign rupee bonds freely, principal economic advisor Sanjeev Sanyal has said.
"Normally to include a sovereign bond into global indices, the bond issuing country has to remove all foreign investment caps. But Indian government will open a new category of bonds with no caps instead of removing the 6 per cent cap for the entire market," Sanyal said.
Since the weightage in bond indices in global market is not to the country but to the markets, this means the country doesn't have to be opened up but only the bonds have to be opened.
"The government in the Budget has announced that it would issue special series bonds in rupees. So we will be creating these sovereign rupee bonds which can be bought and sold by foreigners freely. This will make these G-secs eligible for many of the bond indices," Sanyal told IANS in an interview.
India will not be able to open up its bond market fully without any caps as that can lead to inflow of lots of 'Hot Money' or volatility, he said.
The advisor said global indices give access to major pool of funds and some of them have funds worth $2 to $3 trillion which are currently not accessed by the Indian corporates or government.
The timing, tenor and quantum of the soverign bons will be decided by Department of Economic Affairs, he said.
The Budget 2020 made a case for opening up of specific government bond limits freely for Non-Resident Investors-this is seen as a step in the right direction aimed at carving out a roadmap for India's inclusion in the EM bond index.
"Its time we are included in the these bond indices. These bond indices require full freedom for the indices to buy and sell the bonds when they need.
"In India full freedom or removal of absolute capital control is not allowed to avoid too much volatility or inflow of hot mooney. So unless Indian bond market completely opens up, getting entry into these indices looked difficult", he pointed adding the Budget has taken a well thoughtout decision.
Sanyal further said the Indian bond market is poised for radical changes and the Bilateral netting laws once in place will help India create a credit default swap (CDS) market which critical for a corporate bond debt market to give the Indian companies a new source of funds and also the inclusion of Special Indian government bonds in global bond indices will make exchquer raise money from such huge pool of funds, the principal economic advisor said.
Budget 2020 has introduced some of the important proposals on bonds that will radically change the way the Indian bond market functios. Like the bilateral netting Bill which will net off the exposures. This is a mjor change in capitalisation requirement, radically different from the way it current operates
He said CDS market is an absolute necessity for a adding depth to a corporate debt market. Currently the debt papers are issued for various tenors and all of these are not fungible with each other. On top of it, in India most corporate are not issuing enough debt to have a liquid market.
The liquid CDS market is a global advanced market phenomena. The creation of the CDS market is a necessity today. So we are looking forward to bilateral netting laws and so that the CDS market takes off in India. This then will let Indian industry completely access a new source of funds which it does not have today.
In addition to this, the government plans to increase investment limit of foreign portfolio investors (FPI) in corporate bonds from 9 per cent to 15 per cent. Experts said this would mean incremental, about Rs 2.11 trillion of Corporate Bond FPI limits.
Finance Minister Nirmala Sithraman announced plans to fully open a certain category of bonds for foreign investors during her budget speech on February 1, but did not give details such as quantity, timing or tenure.


The Velvet Rhinestone line of accessories and clothing celebrates the softness of velvet and the unmistakeable sparkle of rhinestones.
- Velvet cap
- "SR" in rhinestones on the front
- 80% cotton 20% polyester
- Manufacturing country : Italie
- Style: ac04
- Model: isprint value="AC04CO08-N01" encoding="off"/>
- Color: BLACK / BLACK
Home delivery within 3-5 working days from order confirmation if order placed before 1pm CET.
30 Days Return Policy
You have 30 days from receipt of your order to return a product purchased from our Online Shop. Please use the return form included in your package.
To take care of your Velvet cap, we advise you to follow our suggestions below:
- Washing 30 degrees
- No bleaching
- No tumble dry
- Normal ironing
- No dry cleaning
- Iron inside out
- Wash inside out with similar colours


text:
- 85 grams Butter
- 250 grams raw sugar
- 200 grams Digestive biscuits, can use simple gluten free tea biscuits
- 750 grams cream cheese, Cut into blocks
- 2 tbsp plain flour, can use gluten free flour
- 1 tsp vanilla extract
- 1 tsp lemon zest, grated
- 1 tsp lemon juice
- 250 grams sour cream
- 3 eggs
- ground nutmeg
4h 45minPreparation 4h 0minBaking/Cooking
8Recipe is created for
TM 5Please note that the TM5 mixing bowl has a larger capacity than the TM31 (capacity of 2.2 liters instead of 2.0 liters for TM 31). Recipes for the Thermomix TM5 may not be cooked with a Thermomix TM31 for safety reasons without adjusting the quantities. Risk of scalding by spraying of hot liquids: Do not exceed the maximum filling quantity and observe the filling level markings of the mixing bowl!
- Preheat oven to 180C
- Line a 20cm round springform pan with baking paper.
- Add sugar (250g) to bowl. Mill Speed 10 / 10 seconds to make icing sugar.
- Set icing sugar aside into a small bowl, then return 2 Tbsp to the mixer bowl.
- Add biscuits (200g) to the bowl. Closed lid / Turbo / 3-4x 1 second blasts until crushed.
- Add butter (85g) to the bowl. Program 2 mins / 80C / Reverse+Speed 3.
- Press biscuit mixture into the base of the tin & bake in the oven for 10 minutes.
- Once the base has finished, remove from oven and increase the temperature to 200C.
- While the base is baking program 25 minutes / 37C / Speed 3. Note: this is NOT intended to keep going for the entire 25 minutes, it’s justto ensure the heating element continues at 37 degrees.
- Feed in cream cheese through the lid, breaking up the blocks one at a time, until well combined.
- Slowly add in remaining icing sugar from Step 4 and the flour (2 Tbsp) until well combined.
- Stop the blades and insert the whisk attachment WHILE the cheese mixture is still in the bowl.
- Grate lemon (1 tsp) into the bowl.
- Turn on to Speed 3 while adding in lemon juice (1 tsp), eggs (3), vanilla extract (1 tsp) and sour cream (250g). Scrape down sides if required. The mixture should be homogenous.
- Butter the sides of the springform pan.
- Pour mixture directly onto base in one smooth movement. This is important if you want your cheesecake to have a smooth top.
- Bake for 10 minutes at 200°C then reduce heat to 100°C and continueto bake for another 25 minutes.
- [color=#404040; font-family: Poppins]Turn oven off, allowing cake to cool for two hours with oven door closed.[/color]
- Place in fridge (preferably overnight).
- Dust the top of the cheesecake with freshly ground nutmeg to serve
This recipe was provided to you by a Thermomix ® customer and has not been tested by Vorwerk Thermomix ® or Thermomix ® in Australia and New Zealand.
Vorwerk Thermomix ® and Thermomix ® in Australia and New Zealand assume no liability, particularly in terms of ingredient quantities used and success of the recipes.
Please observe the safety instructions in the Thermomix ® instruction manual at all times.
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- Sous vide fillet of beef with mushroom custard (TM6 only) - Chef Mark Southon
- CHICKEN AND PRAWN LAKSA

domain: food


To the editor:
The League of Women Voters of the Copper Country, in accordance with its local land use position, calls upon the Houghton County Board of Commissioners to vote in support of adoption of the new county master plan.
LWVCC believes a master plan is the vision for future development of the county. It lays out a studied overview of numerous aspects of the current status of the area, including public health and safety, population shifts and employment patterns to name a few, making it a valuable tool for persons and businesses examining the area. It is a tool for townships and municipalities addressing their own planning and development needs. Having a planning document can make it easier to obtain grant funding for projects or services that benefit county residents.
The county master plan has been in existence since 2006. Volunteer citizens, appointed to the planning commission, have worked extensively over the past year on the required 5 year update. LWVCC believes the process has enlisted a good deal of community input and reflects the best interests of the county. All area residents are encouraged to review the document on the county website and share their opinons with the commissioners prior to July 10.
Fredi de Yampert


text:
Summit Security Officer Aids Fire Response
Summit Security Officer Astoria Wint has been recognized for outstanding performance of duty. Recently, a fire broke out in the building where Wint is posted. Properly following protocol, Wint helped facilitate an evacuation of the building and coordinated with arriving fire fighters, who extinguished the blaze. According to Summit’s client at the building, Wint received “personal congratulations and highest compliments” from the fire chief.
The client stated that Wint “demonstrated an exemplary behavior, unparalleled commitment to her job,” “presence of mind,” “knowledge of her duties,” and “management under duress” during the incident. The client further noted that Wint consistently displays “exemplary manners, outstanding commitment, deep devotion, magnificent attitude, exceptional professionalism, and friendly delivery of service.”
We thank Wint for her dedication to duty, professionalism and for embodying the “Everything Matters” philosophy that is at Summit’s core.


Happy August everyone,
TAI's News & Blog
I wanted to thank you for visiting the TAI website, and making a stop over here to our blog. TAI has introduced our aerospace thermal management blog, to be your source for the latest news on our OFHC copper thermal strap standard and custom product line, our Graphite Thermal Straps, cryogenic and thermal management design and consultation services, and our CryoSpheres Cryogenic Insulation (in both bulk fill and panel form).
Tags: copper heat strap, cryogenic heat strap, flexible heat link, Copper thermal link, flexible copper thermal strap, OFHC copper thermal strap, heat strap, graphite thermal strap, cryospheres insulation, cryogenic insulation


text:
Thomas F. Officer
In 2017, as Fellows at the Blue Ridge Labs tech incubator, two insights were shaping our perspective on the consumer legal marketplace. First, it seemed universally agreed upon by modest means New Yorkers that “lawyers are for rich people.” Second, web apps like TurboTax and LegalZoom were offering quasi legal services at scale at affordable prices.
If LegalZoom extended its product offerings to include the types of services modest means New Yorkers need from an attorney, they’d make a killing and do some good. The problem is, LegalZoom isn’t a law firm. Their products can't provide legal advice, only legal information. They're great if you need to incorporate an LLC ($79) or create a basic will ($89), but you're not going to LegalZoom for your eviction case.
What if the deep expertise of law firms could be merged with the efficiency of tech companies like LegalZoom? What if legal professionals could convert their expensive knowledge into affordable, accessible, and still personalized software products?
What if there was a no-code app builder designed specifically for legal professionals?
Before it was acquired by NetDocuments in November 2021, Afterpattern was the preferred app development tool for some of the most innovative legal professionals in the United States. These apps not only won national and regional awards, they helped more than 500,000 people access a wide range of traditionally expensive legal services. This included everything from keeping tenants in their home during the COVID pandemic to helping immigrants negotiate the Trump's administration's "Muslim travel ban."
One of our biggest challenges was that Afterpattern was a new category of product. We couldn't approach law firms and say "you know that thing you do all the time? We can help you do it faster/cheaper/easier." Our customers had never built legal apps before. Before we could train them how to do it, we had to convince them why they should.
Afterpattern helped introduce a groundbreaking concept to the legal industry: that lawyers are willing and able to transform their expertise into software applications. By breaking down barriers and innovating a completely new category, we offered a fresh perspective on what legal services could be. Our customers had never built legal apps before, and convincing them of this new approach was no small task. But through diligent effort, educational initiatives, and relentless perseverance, we bridged the gap between law firms and software efficiency.
Today, as part of NetDocuments, Afterpattern continues to revolutionize legal services, maintaining its commitment to making the law understandable, affordable, and within reach for all.

domain: law


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August Bank Holiday weekend brings the biggest dance music festival in the UK to Daresbury for three days of worldwide music and acts for 2020!
Acts already announced include Friday 28th August Headliner - The Chainsmokers, the Grammy award winning duo return to headline the Arc stage for a UK Festival Exclusive.
Expect massive drops, plenty of huge production and a capacity crowd, all set in the mind-blowing surround of the Arc Stage.
Armin Van Burren as the South Stage headliner on Saturday 29th August, Pendulum-Trinity are the first arena headliner – the original trio unite bringing their massive production on Saturday and Scouse Duo Camelphat will be headlining the Steel Yard on Sunday 30th August!
Standard day tickets start from £65.00 plus BF (Friday), £85.00 plus BF (Saturday) £90.00 plus BF (Sunday) Also options of two day, three & four day camping available.


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When you have to go out of town and your pet can't go with you - where do you feel your pet will be best cared for? Arguello Pet Hospital offers boarding for your cats and small dogs. We will treat your pet with the care, affection and patience it deserves.
All animals must be current on vaccinations, please ask us what vaccines your pet requires. Since space is limited, make your reservations early.
To learn more about our boarding services, please call us at 415-751-3242.

domain: pet


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The Downs and Ups of Fear
by Barbara Quint
Editor, Searcher Magazine
Are we having fun yet? It looks like the current economic downturn is on its way to rivaling the Great Depression of the 1930s. By the way, did you know that the use of the term “depression” to describe economic disasters may have been an attempt to cheer folks up? Severe economic downturns before were referred to as Panics. Our beloved Wikipedia lists eight such Panics occurring between 1819 and 1907, with the two (1837 and 1873) qualifying as depressions by lasting 4 and 5 years, respectively. And this leads into the topic of this month’s Searcher’s Voice, as well as the topic of Stephen Fadel’s article in this month’s issue. Times are tough and likely to remain that way for a while. Even the folks here in La-La-Land have seen the tunnel, if not the light at the end of it. Early last December, TheLos Angeles Times published an article by David Colker entitled “A Guide for the Newly Poor” [http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-tribune-publishernote,0,4109653.story]. Only in L.A. would someone use the phrase “nouveaux poor” in such an article. But Mr. Colker may be quipping out of the other side of his keyboard now that the Tribune Co., owner of The Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, and many other newspapers, has filed for bankruptcy. In an ironic twist, when I read the “Letter to Readers” published in the L. A. Times to reassure subscribers (or these days, more likely, users) about the bankruptcy, the article carried two ads supplied by Google for services to assist readers in going bankrupt themselves. Lemons and lemonade. Clouds and silver linings.
|Many of us can do more
than people think we can
do and for less money.
Of course, we all know that the U.S. economy will recover, that the stock market will rise again, that real estate in the Sunbelt will again become a sound investment. We also all know — in our minds, if not our intestines — that this recovery will come faster whenever people start spending money more and businesses start taking risks. However, since most of us carry our wallets a lot closer to our intestines than our brainpans, it’s going to take awhile — certainly until financial credit channels have been re-established — before we can expect the forces of recovery to prevail.
In the meantime, information professionals should strive to survive by doing the best they can for the people they serve and for the profession they espouse. Actually, we may have an advantage here. Many of us can do more than people think we can do and for less money. In times when people have to do more with less and for less, the underpricing of information professional services could turn out to be a bit of luck — finally. More and more, info pros are supplying polished analysis instead of data for other analysts to polish. It may be time to advertise how your salary buys your institution more bang for the buck. It may be time to scrap your title as a librarian and take on market researcher, competitive intelligence agent, business analyst, whatever. Just a thought.
Public libraries already constitute the major location for public computing. According to Jim Rettig, ALA president, 73% of U.S. communities can only get free internet access at their libraries. The number of public computers at libraries has increased by 48% in the last 2 years. These days online access is a lifeline to most people. If losing a job means losing internet access, that could mean losing the chance for the next job or the chance to find ways to get through the job-loss period.
Librarians, libraries, and their vendors should join to create tools that can help people everywhere survive the hard times and get the recovery going. How about creating a portal website that leads to all the sources for getting through the tough times, finding new jobs, seeking funds, even locating the opportunities a tough economy offers to those retaining solid resources? Any such portal should be on every library’s website. In turn, any librarian working on his or her own collection of helpful tools or guides should contribute back to the portal. And, wherever this portal appears, it should be clear that users can thank librarians as a profession for any help it gives them.
Addressing the Great Depression, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt said, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” In times of crisis, people need information — good information — more than ever. They need to plan smart solutions to complex problems. They need to time their moves for maximum advantage. They need to operate with a justifiable confidence that they know what they’re doing and what they’re going to do next. They need good, experienced, dedicated information professionals now more than ever.

domain: economics


Wolverhampton University scientists have discovered a new 3D printing material that can kill the Covid-19 virus in as little as 30 minutes.
According to The Engineer, the basis for this research actually stems from a previous collaboration between the university’s Additive Manufacturing Of Functional Materials (AMFM) group and the Catholic University of Valencia’s Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab.
The material in question – Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) – isn’t the scientists first breakthrough: They had earlier this year published a study on how an antiviral copper-tungsten-silver (Cu-W-Ag) material could kills Covid-19 within five hours.
According to Dr Arun Arjunan, director of the university’s Center for Engineering Innovation and Research (CEIR), airborne droplets below five microns containing infectious SARS-CoV-2 can remain suspended in the air for three hours.
And it’s a different story when it comes to surfaces: Surfaces can sustain infectious viruses from a few hours to nine days depending on the surface material and morphology.
As pointed out by Arjunan, stainless steel is widely found in hospitals and medical settings, and these can sustain SARS-CoV-2 survival for seven days.
In their study, the Wolverhampton team made use of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) to fabricate a novel microporous architecture and assess the antiviral performance of 3D printed Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo).
According to lead scientist John Robinson, the material possesses ‘potent antiviral activity’ and was shown to improve copper and silver alloys which are well known for their antimicrobial properties.
“To our knowledge we are the first to assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of Co-Cr-Mo which displayed 100% viral inactivation in 30 minutes,” says Robinson.
“Our latest publication proves L-PBF and Co-Cr-Mo could be adopted for antiviral mask filters and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning filtration systems for healthcare and general community settings.”
Image and content: Wolverhampton University/The Engineer


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Tim Gunn’s Guide to Style. Filly gets an offer to do Playgirl. Plus, the war of the salons turns nasty when Gayle makes a shocking decision regarding the Gatsby’s current staff. EPISODE 25 10 Most Fan-tastic Moments After three seasons of hair-raising drama, vicious fighting and relationship woes, we count down the top ten “Jerseylicious” moments as voted by the show’s most hardcore fans, including Olivia and Tracy’s biggest blowups, Christy’s maternity shoot meltdown, Gigi and Frankie’s rocky romance and more. Gayle is adamant about growing the Gatsby’s on-site services so she and Christy decide to make a promotional mailer to send out to potential clients. Gigi settles into her new apartment, but finds that living on her own isn’t as easy as it seems. Join the cast of “Jerseylicious” as they continue to unleash their feelings about the explosive third season. Then, Gigi and Jackie go at it.
But when her fear of getting in front of the camera hinders her, she rallies the girls to help–and ends up recruiting Tracy as a co-host. Gigi and Frankie’s new friendship forces Gigi visit to an unusual place. Tracy is competing in a Multicultural Hair Show and the Gatsby shows up to support her. Olivia shoots a makeover video to show her skills. Meanwhile, Filippo’s parents hear that Anthony is looking for an investor for a new salon–so they jump on board in hopes of becoming partners in the beauty business and securing Filippo’s future. Gayle plans to end her partnership with Alexa and Anthony recommends Olivia get the promotion, but she isn’t impressed with her interview. Who will be Team Olivia or Team Tracy? Excited about the new venture, Gayle and Anthony scope out a local shop for ideas–but will they get caught spying on the competition?
Vanderpump Rules, Season 7. Plus, Olivia reunites with Alexa to produce a viral makeup tutorial, and Gayle and Christy hire a new stylist to help with the salon’s busy workload. Married at First Sight 6. Share this TV Show.
Gayle decides to take The Gatsby to the next level–by franchising! In part 2 of the reunion, will Tracy and Gigi reconcile their differences? The Curse of Oak Island 2. After three seasons of hair-raising drama, vicious fighting, and relationship woes, we count down the top ten moments as voted by the show’s most hardcore fans.
Randy to the Rescue. Tracy is competing in a Multicultural Hair Show and the Gatsby shows up to support her. Plus, Gayle and Anthony are reunnion hard at developing their new barber shop venture, and Alexa decides to include sexy photo shoots in the list of services offered by Glam Fairy. A chance encounter between Tracy and Mikey leads to an explosive confrontation. And Gigi, who dreams of a husband and family, is working on reconciling with the love of her life while styling hair at the salon.
TV Premiere Dates
Gayle is adamant about growing the Gatsby’s on-site services so she and Christy decide to make a promotional mailer to send out to potential clients. When Olivia’s favorite intern Miguel books a new gig for Gatsby-To-Go, Gayle is thrilled to have an employee bringing in more cash for her business–but Tracy gets upset when she learns their other intern isn’t needed for the job.
Lorenzo is ready for his first salon job, but has to prove himself to Olivia. Can’t get enough of the “Jerseylicious” drama? Olivia takes a hosting class for reunioj TV career. Gayle wants Olivia and Tracy to be in the picture as the faces of Gatsby-To-Go, but the day of the photo shoot already conflicts with a photo shoot Tracy is supposed to assist for her magazine apprenticeship.
When Gatsby-To-Go books their first on-site event for a single women’s mixer, Gayle wants everything to be perfect. The cast of Jerseylicious reunites and dishes about the last year. Filly and Mikey compete in a bodybuilding contest.
A party at the Gatsby forces one stylist to face her demons. Meanwhile, Filly and Lorenzo apply to beauty school, and Olivia uses “The Secret” to manifest success in her career and personal life.
The Gatsby launches a new venture, Filly helps the stylists get in shape and Olivia becomes one designer’s muse. Gigi and Frankie’s new friendship forces Gigi visit to an unusual place.
Add to Watchlist Added. Meanwhile, Olivia rekindles her relationship with her ex, Mikey, while Gigi adjusts to singlehood. When she gets homesick and ditches a girls’ night out to sewson with her family, Tracy and Alexa decide to stage an intervention to help their friend become more independent.
E! Entertainment – Watch Full Episodes | E! Entertainment | Reunion Special, Pt. 2
Still reeling over the fight she had with Tracy in the club, Olivia has a hard time coming to terms that she is turning into a person she dislikes. Love, Lust or Run. Anthony starts his reign as interim manager, but immediately tests Gayle’s patience. When Gayle sees that the Gatsby’s product line is dipping in sales, she decides to create an infomercial to help boost profits.
In this “Jerseylicious” reunion special, the whole Gatsby gang gets together to dish about all the drama that has gone down in the last year. Anthony and Olivia are ready to shoot photos for the book. But Tracy’s bold move to bypass Olivia in making the decision begins a new quarrel between the two stylists.

domain: entertainment


The Tribeca knife is named after the neighborhood in Manhattan where the founders of Giantmouse—Jesper Voxnaes, Jens Anso, and Jim Wirth—have spent time drawing inspiration and forging bonds.
The GiantMouse Tribeca takes cues from the limited edition GM4 knife, but there are notable differences. This knife has an extra opening method, the thumb hole. This allows you to flick it open and watch it glide smoothly on its bearings. Another key difference on the Tribeca is the addition of a finger choil on its blade that complements the finger groove on its handle. This provide two ways to grip it, which allows better control and flexibility. Jimping has been added to the blade spine to push that even further. The Tribeca stands out as a nod to everything we love about GiantMouse knives: the perfect marriage of function and form. We highly recommend adding this knife to your EDC rotation!


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DARKWOOD - Dates & News
22nd January 2018 - DARKWOOD will be playing a solo show in Dresden on 7th March to support Justin Sullivan of New Model Army.
20th December 2017 - We have a few copies of the LP "Lied der Kämpfer: A tribute to DARKWOOD" in black vinyl available here.
17th December 2017 - On the occasion of the 20th band anniversary of DARKWOOD, a compilation LP entitled "Lied der Kämpfer: A tribute to DARKWOOD" has been released.
It can be ordered through FolkWorld or through TESCO.
6th December 2017 - The CD "Notwendfeuer" is now available.
22nd November 2017 - At the end of this year, there will be a re-pressing of the album "Notwendfeuer".
28th October 2017 - The transparent version of "Erntefeuer" is now available as well.
7th October 2017 - The black version of the 10inch vinyl record entitled "Erntefeuer" is now available. The transparent version will presumably be deliverable soon.

domain: artistic


Personal Liberty Digest is your source for breaking news and political commentary. Our coverage of conservative politics has made us the #1 news website among Libertarians.
Whichever wordsmith on President Barack Obama’s staff decided to substitute the word “investment” for “spending” is an absolute genius. A genius whose talents are promoting the dark side, true. But it’s a brilliant rhetorical cover for one of the most damaging legacies of this administration. Read this article for Geopolitical Editor Chip Wood’s take on the State of Union address…
While most Americans know that their country is experiencing deep political divisions, few understand how or when this came about. Some feel this division first appeared during the 2000 Presidential election in which the U.S. Supreme Court intervened in Florida’s ballot counting controversy…
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has called on Congress to tighten Federal laws that allow individuals to purchase firearms without a background check. His statements followed a recent probe in which city investigators, who posed as consumers, were able to purchase firearms at a gun show in Phoenix.
President Barack Obama’s healthcare overhaul was dealt another blow on Jan. 31 as a Federal judge in Florida declared the law unconstitutional.
The recent visit to the United States by Chinese President Hu Jintao got a lot of attention and coverage in international media and the fact that so many important people showed up for this meeting shows how important it was for both sides. Read this article to learn what it means to the economy and how you can take advantage of it…
Back in December, in my piece Obamacare’s Paper Tiger, I noted that while Judge Henry Hudson’s ruling in Commonwealth of Virginia v. Sebelius inflicted blunt-force trauma to Obamacare, it did not send the behemoth bill to the great bureaucratic beyond.
A columnist for The Washington Post recently admitted to having "a Sarah Palin problem," which prompted him to challenge fellow media members to boycott the former Governor of Alaska during the month of February.
As the movement to topple the Hosni Mubarak regime in Egypt gained traction, Egyptian authorities took draconian measures to stop it in its tracks — it shut down cell phone services, the Internet and social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter.
Another week with Barack Obama as U.S. President and radical Islam grows even stronger. Egypt, America’s largest and most important ally in the Middle East, is aflame as revolutionary forces marched and even burned President Hosni Mubarak’s Ruling Party headquarters.
This week would have marked the 100th birthday of the greatest President of my lifetime. Ronald Reagan was born on Feb. 6, 1911. He not only saw a lot of history, he made history.


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Percent grade excited to extend my partnership early the team
Now mind you, it was somewhat grainy.
All I know, as soon as I hit him, I rolled over and I saw the ball rolling out of the side of the end zone.
Analysis It remains potently strange that Larry Bird, three-time MVP and something like the sixth-best player of all-time, breezed through Indiana, organized one of the best teams in the league, and then quietly walked away from a profession nobody knew he would be good at or even wanted to pursue in the first place.
He took two shots and had a plus-minus of +1 for the game.
An MRI on Okung’s groin showed no significant damage.
The front flares had to be trimmed to accommodate a pair of trick side-exit exhausts.
When Lundqvist was sidelined in February 2015, Talbot stepped in and played superbly, going and helping to propel New York to an NHL-best 113 points that season.
His 96-yard sprint to the end zone tied the game when it appeared the Colts were ready to go up by double digits.
There’s usually no better way to evaluate a player than in real game settings, which is what the AAF is obviously providing.
On display at the New York Auto Show, the all-new Jesko will take the place of the Agera RS as a car suited for both street and track.
Here, they go back to the hotel and still spend time together …
He didn’t call it so I knew I had to catch it.
Americans were spared the misery of the Pony, but Canadians can tell you what a rolling turd it was.
Located below the west scoreboard in the upper level, the GEHA Drum Deck is a new, permanent site for two gameday traditions – the Drum Honoree and the Tony DiPardo Spirit Leader.
Walker: The simple answer to your first question is: no; T.Y.
Talk about amateur hour!
I can’t wait for this coming season, but this question is more long term.
Danny remembers the conversation went like this: Frank said, Let’s strike a deal on that Duster.
I think absolutely, Marrone said.
This classic lowrider is powered by an LS3.2-liter V8 engine.
Blasting once on the Marchal Stridor air horn, we fled the scene at full throttle, rending the air with not-so-quiet thunder and leaving a faint trace of abused rubber on the concrete.
We see him as a strong safety – a guy down around the line of scrimmage for us.
Louis Cardinals running back Cid Edwards has the football jarred loose on a run over center during the first period of the game at St.
It got so bad there was talk the Nationals might fire Martinez and trade away Scherzer.
So, http://www.arizonaapparels.com/76-Jersey if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it, you know?
Runs: 0, Hits: 1 Bottom of 6: Nationals sixth.
Some notable optional features include a panoramic sky lounge LED roof, heated and cooled cupholders, a rear entertainment package, and glass controls for the shifter, stop start button, infotainment system controller, and volume knob.
After 38 games, one goal and eight points, McDonagh was called up and made his NHL debut on Jan.
At the rear of the driver’s side bed, a Vintage Flip http://www.indianapolisapparels.com/80-Jersey gas filler with engraved Wolf Design Logo by Engrave It has been relocated.
A personnel man for an opposing team told NFL Network’s Mike Garafolo on Monday that Rudolph’s display could provide a modicum of hope for the Steelers.
Rendon hit a sacrifice fly to left fielder Beaty, Taylor scored.

domain: sports


text:
The roster turnover is about to begin. Free agency opens in less than one month, and the 2017 NFL Draft isn't far behind it. Over the next two months, the Cowboys will lose and replace a sizable portion of their roster.
For every new face, however, there are dozens of familiar ones that will return to begin a new campaign. From established veterans to second-year players, the vast majority of the Cowboys' 2017 team is already on the roster. In the coming weeks, the staff of DallasCowboys.com will preview those players, analyzing where they've been and where they're going.
The series starts off with third-year safety and former first-round draft pick Byron Jones.
What's Been Good: The Cowboys admittedly asked a lot from Jones in his rookie season, shuffling their 2015 first-round pick from cornerback to safety out of necessity. Jones settled in as the starting free safety for the majority of the 2016 season and looked comfortable playing center field. In 16 starts, he finished fourth on defense with 102 team-credited tackles, and his 10 pass breakups tied cornerback Brandon Carr for the lead. Jones also was a consistent factor on special teams, leading the Cowboys with 10 tackles. Perhaps Jones' most important contribution in his second season: he helped the defense reduce the number of big plays allowed downfield, which is critical in Rod Marinelli's style of defense. The Cowboys gave up 45 pass plays of 20 or more yards, down from 55 in 2015.
What's Been Bad:Credit Aaron Rodgers and Jared Cook for an amazing throw and catch against Jones and the Cowboys' secondary in zone coverage that led to the Green Bay Packers' deciding field goal in the divisional round at AT&T Stadium. It certainly was a disappointing final drive of the season for Jones and the entire Cowboys defense, though it doesn't define an underrated performance by the group in 2016. Jones will also enter the 2017 season looking to produce more takeaways; he got his first career interception Dec. 18 on a Hail Mary throw by Tampa Bay's Jameis Winston.[embeddedad0]
2016 Highlight:The Cowboys' Nov. 13 trip to Pittsburgh was arguably their most impressive win of the season, and Jones had his most productive game as a pro: a career-high 12 tackles (10 solo) and critical third-down coverage on Antonio Brown at the Dallas 7-yard line in the third quarter that forced a Steelers field goal in an eventual 35-30 victory.
What's Next: All along the Cowboys wanted Jones to be able to focus on one position instead of moonlighting at multiple spots. His range and instincts just seem to fit well at the free safety spot moving forward. However, with starting cornerbacks Carr and Morris Claiborne set to become unrestricted free agency, the Cowboys' defensive backfield could look different in 2017 – and Jones has proven he can play corner in a pinch if injuries strike the secondary.