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STAGE TUBE: Pacific Symphony takes LA BOHEME Out of the Pit (Video Content)
Before 'Rent'-there was 'La Bohème'-and now it's back for the kick-off of Pacific Symphony's new opera-vocal initiative, 'Symphonic Voices.' Check out the behind the scenes 'out of the pit' video below!
|BWW Reviews: No Gods but Plenty of Masters in DIE MEISTERSINGER at the Met|
BWW Reviews: No Gods but Plenty of Masters in DIE MEISTERSINGER at the Met|
by Richard Sasanow


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I have to push down on the pedal one or two inches before the rpm happens.
You have alot of slop in the accelerator linkage. Have inspected from pedal to throttle body.


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Ice cram with ingredients imported from Italy!
The shop has been very successful - you can find several locations in spreading around Lisbon. The one in Santos has the highest rating and serves students and tourists. There are seats and tables in this shop.
The ice cream is thoughtfully-made, with ingredients imported from Italy.
If you are adventurous, you can try some of their non-conventional flavors, such as wasabi. (I tried it but it was quite interesting...)
Don't try the wasabi flavor....

domain: food


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Baseball: Kelly selected as finalist for Mr. Baseball award
Red Wing's Pat Kelly is one of seven finalists for the 2011 Minnesota Mr. Baseball Award, which is presented to a senior athlete.
A banquet to announce the award winner and to honor the finalists will be held June 20 at Jax Café in Minneapolis.
Apple Valley's Aaron Gretz, Holy Angels' Lucas Long, Centennial's Austin Malinowski, Robbinsdale Cooper's Max Murphy, Eden Prairie's Tony Skjefte and Hill-Murray's Rob Youngdahl also are finalists for the award.
A panel of Major League Baseball scouts and college baseball coaches chose the finalists.
Tickets for the banquet, which runs from 6:30-8:30 p.m., can be purchased at www.minnesotaminutemen.com. The cost is $35 per ticket.

domain: news


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Early voting will start Monday, and will go through May 8th, on weekdays.
It will be from 8 to 5 from the 30th through the 4th, and 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on May 7th and 8th.
City voting will take place at Memorial Auditorium and City View High School ...WFISD voting will just be at Memorial Auditorium.
Election day is Saturday, May 12th, from seven a.m. to seven p.m.
For a list of polling places, open the PDF file attached to this article.
Copyright 2016 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Doctrine: Creation – God Makes
“Doctrine” seeks to trace the big theological themes of Scripture along the storyline of the Bible. Each month in 2020, we will be releasing a set of content – a one-hour teaching, Q&A, re-written e-book chapter (in English and Spanish), and lecture notes – related to each chapter of the newly re-written “Doctrine” book. We pray it will be beneficial to you as you study the Bible and dive deeper into who God is.
In March, the topic is creation. According to the Scriptures, creation is a gift from a loving Creator God. From the bodies we inhabit, the air we breathe, the sun we bask in, the food we eat, the flowers we pick, the water we drink, the ground we walk upon, and the pets we love, to the pleasures we enjoy and destinations we visit on vacation, life is filled with good gifts for us to steward and enjoy. As we now learn about creation, the main goal is to learn to love the Creator.

domain: literature


Most people have only begun to hear the term metaverse recently, but it’s an important concept considering the implications it can have on the future. Smart contracts, digital art, and ownership of your digital world could become how we prove ownership, enjoy and preserve history, and much more.
With many investors and entrepreneurs holding the belief that the metaverse has the potential to change life as we know it, the concept has already grown to be a nearly $50 billion per year market, according to Emergen Research, and it’s expected to continue on a dramatic upward trajectory. When an industry becomes such a valuable one, opportunities arise in the stock market.
An entirely new category of metaverse stocks is beginning to emerge, but what exactly are they, and are they worth your investment dollars?
The metaverse is a virtual world that’s the result of a mix of social media, verifiable digital ownership, and hardware like virtual and augmented reality equipment that allows the end user to enter the digital stage.
Metaverse stocks represent the companies making this virtual universe possible.
Because there are so many moving parts that make the metaverse work, the term applies to stocks across a wide range of categories within tech.
Types of Metaverse Stocks
Wall Street defines metaverse stocks as tech stocks in the following categories:
Virtual Reality (VR) Companies
VR headsets, software, and other equipment make it possible for the end user to connect to the digital world in a way that wasn’t imaginable just a few decades ago. The companies at the cutting edge of this industry are integral to the continued growth of the metaverse as we know it.
For example, Meta Platforms (Nasdaq: FB) — parent company of the social media giant Facebook — is also the developer and manufacturer of the Oculus, a popular virtual reality headset. Meta founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg has said that the future of the company would be in the metaverse, connecting consumers by mixing virtual and augmented reality with social media.
Software Companies & Video Game Companies
Software companies like Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT) are also key players in the industry. Microsoft operates the popular open-source game Minecraft, which allows users to build their own digital worlds.
This open-source technology has become the basic building blocks for many pieces of the metaverse, like the explorable virtual world NFT Worlds that consists of virtual lands with blockchain-verified ownership for virtual real estate.
The online game platform Roblox (NYSE: RBLX) is another popular stock to consider in this category.
The company’s claim to fame is a 3D experience that allows players to build their own 3D worlds for their friends and other Roblox players to enjoy.
Nothing in the metaverse would be possible if not for the high-end semiconductors that process the massive computing workloads involved in developing and maintaining a digital world.
The best example of a company in this category is chipmaker NVIDIA (Nasdaq: NVDA). The company is famous for its high-end GPUs, originally designed to reduce the time needed for processing 3D graphics. Today these GPUs are used in cryptocurrency mining machines, servers, and various other pieces of technology necessary for keeping the digital world alive.
Cryptocurrency is the basis of the economy in the metaverse. Without cryptocurrency, there would be no metaverse. Digital land, art, music, gear, and more can be purchased using Ethereum and other digital currencies.
Taking advantage of this new, global economy, some companies have purchased massive pieces of real estate and thousands of cryptocurrency mining machines. Once the cryptocurrency is mined, it’s sold to investors and those who use it for metaverse purchases. One such company is Riot Blockchain (Nasdaq: RIOT). The company operates a fleet of more than 7,000 mining machines.
Cloud Computing Companies
Finally, cloud computing companies are the lifeblood of the metaverse. The digital universe requires quite a bit of bandwidth, and companies like Amazon.com (Nasdaq: AMZN) are responsible for providing the hosting to keep the metaverse alive.
Data centers, like those offered through Amazon Web Services (AWS), make it possible for the end user to communicate with the digital environment.
As with any other category of stock, investing in metaverse stocks comes with its own set of pros and cons. Some of the most important benefits and drawbacks to consider include:
Pros of Metaverse Stocks
The metaverse has experienced substantial growth over the past year, and many observers suggest that trend will continue, with the stocks in the sector following suit. Some of the biggest advantages of investing in these stocks include:
Many metaverse stocks happen to be some of the strongest growth stocks on the market. Many stocks in this category are known for price appreciation well above that of the market average. The explosive growth in the metaverse as an emerging industry adds the potential for significant new revenue streams to some of the market’s best growth stocks.
The metaverse is new and growing quickly. It’s giving end users the ability to communicate with each other like never before and the ability to own digital products. Other applications for the metaverse include giving the medical community better options for tracking patient data, the financial community better options for transferring funds across borders, and almost certainly more uses yet to be discovered.
There’s a high level of excitement involved when investing in a budding industry that has the potential to revolutionize various facets of life. Because of this excitement, investors are more likely to do more detailed research into metaverse stocks, resulting in wiser investment decisions.
3. Known Leaders
The companies carving out leadership positions in the metaverse are the same household names that are known for their positions of leadership in other areas of technology. Think about the names listed above: Microsoft, Meta Platforms (Facebook), NVIDIA, Amazon; these are companies that you already know and likely use.
There’s always a benefit to investing in the companies you know and trust. There’s also an advantage to investing in companies that have a clear track record of leadership.
Cons of Metaverse Stocks
Sure, investing in metaverse stocks comes with its benefits, but what about the drawbacks?
1. Speculation Driven
The industry has grown massive, but it’s largely driven by speculation. The general idea among metaverse enthusiasts is that the digital world and the innovation happening within it will change life as we know it.
However, the industry is in its infancy and none of the world-changing concepts driving the value in the industry have been widely adopted by the general public. As a result, until the theories about use cases are proven and widespread adoption takes place, any investment in the industry will be a speculative one, coming with high risk compared to investments in stable, proven industries.
2. Risk of Regulation
Regulation is a major risk to the metaverse — specifically regulation of the cryptocurrencies that make up the digital economy as it functions today. Due to the lack of regulation, the cryptocurrency landscape is rife with scams, and crypto assets sometimes used for money laundering and funding criminals, so regulators around the world are working to step in.
In the most severe cases, global regulations could force metaverse participants to rethink their virtual economy. For example, in China, many aspects of the crypto economy have been banned. If other countries follow in their footsteps, the global validity of the metaverse and access to its economic platforms will be diminished.
3. Significant Loss Potential
While the leaders in the metaverse industry are large, relatively stable companies, the vast majority of stocks in the industry represent small-cap and penny stocks that operate on a hope and a dream.
Although a few small-cap and penny stocks make it to become some of the world’s largest companies, it’s also common for smaller companies — which lack the financial or innovative capabilities to keep up with the big dogs — to fail, resulting in significant losses for investors.
Considering this, if you decide to invest in metaverse stocks, it’s important to avoid the noise of small companies popping up everywhere with big promises and high hopes. Instead, focus on the large, established companies that are likely to take dominant roles in the industry.
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to whether investors should consider investing in any asset. Every investor is different, with unique goals, timelines, and capital availability.
So, who should invest in stocks in this category? You might be a good candidate to invest if:
1. You Have a Long Time Horizon
Younger investors with a long time horizon can afford to take larger risks than investors who are nearing retirement or have a short-term time horizon for another reason. Investors with a long time horizon have the time necessary to make up for losses should they take place.
Considering that metaverse investments are speculative, and significant declines are possible, it’s important that those who invest in the category have time to recover should something go wrong.
2. You Have a Healthy Appetite for Risk
Even if you have the time to recover from losses in your portfolio, you might not be comfortable with taking the risk of significant losses in the first place. Most investors with a long-term horizon are more comfortable taking the slow-and-steady approach to building their portfolio.
Unless you’re investing in blue-chip companies that happen to be getting involved in the metaverse, chances are you’re taking on significant risk when making your investment. On the other hand, that risk will come with the potential for significant gains.
The best investors for this category of stock are comfortable accepting larger levels of risk in an effort to generate outsize returns.
3. You Enjoy Researching New Opportunities
If you’re going to invest in the metaverse, it’s important that your investment decisions are 100% research-driven rather than emotion-driven. New companies are popping up in the industry left and right — and at first glance, they all seem to be great investment opportunities.
The best metaverse investors won’t act on knee-jerk reactions. Instead, you’re a good candidate for these types of investments if you enjoy putting the time into researching what a company is, its strengths, weaknesses, management style, and financial capabilities.
If you’re not willing to put in the time to research opportunities in great detail, you could end up losing your shirt with a bad investment in this category.
The best rule of thumb to follow when determining allocation, especially for beginners, is the 5% rule. The rule stipulates that you should never invest more than 5% of your equity holdings in any single stock, and you should never invest more than 5% of your equity holdings across all high-risk assets in your portfolio.
If you plan on only investing in large, stable companies like Microsoft and Amazon that have also taken leadership roles in the metaverse, it’s safe to invest up to 5% of your equity holdings in each company.
If you plan on investing in new, innovative companies with hopes to become leaders in the industry, however, you shouldn’t invest more than 5% of your equity holdings across all stocks of this type.
Investing in any new industry often proves to be challenging, even for investors who have been active in the market for years. There’s quite a bit of research involved in choosing the best metaverse stocks, but there’s also an option that greatly reduces the research required — the exchange-traded fund (ETF).
ETFs are bucket investments that pool investing dollars from a large group of investors. The ETF invests the money in a diversified portfolio according to the fund’s prospectus, and gains are shared among the shareholders.
Investing in the metaverse via themed ETFs takes away the need to research each and every stock you’re considering buying, giving you the ability to let the Wall Street pros handle the leg work for you.
Lately, there’s been a rise in themed ETFs focused on information technology and metaverse investments. Some of the best options to consider include the Global X Fintech ETF (Nasdaq: FINX), SPDR S&P Software and Services ETF (NYSE: XSW), and Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund ETF Shares (NYSE: VGT).
Although investing in ETFs means you won’t have to research every individual stock, you should compare your options before making your investment. Each ETF is created differently, investing in different assets, charging investors different fees, and generating different historical returns. By comparing a few options, you can rest assured your investment is being managed in the most effective, low-cost way possible.
The metaverse is quickly growing to become a massive industry, and opportunities in the space are abundant. However, before diving in, investors should consider the risk. Only a small percentage of companies in the industry are stable blue-chip plays, and investing in smaller, lesser-known companies comes with added risk.
Nonetheless, with a bit of research and a willingness to accept larger risks, you have the potential to generate significant gains with these stocks.


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It's the Blog Hogger, aka Kathy's sister, bringing you two get well cards. I know, I know! Get well cards are not part of the fun and excitement of Christmas, but there are still times when they are needed. And if they are needed this time of the year, I prefer to do them without using Christmas stamps.
However, if you continue to the bottom of this post, you'll be rewarded with a Christmas joke!
So, I recently made two cards using the same stamp set and colors, and just changed the main element. Take a look at both and see what you think.
Here's the first one:
Here are the details:
- I used Night of Navy for the main card, cut at 5 1/2" x 8 1/2" and scored at 4 1/4".
- The Marina Mist layer is 5 1/4" x 4". I used the Sanded background stamp inked with Marina Mist to get the "scratched up" look.
- The Night of Navy strip of cardstock (cs) across the middle is 4" x 1 1/2". The Marina Mist section is 4" x 1 1/4". I also used the Sanded stamp on this piece. I took two pieces of 1/4" Night of Navy grosgrain ribbon and crossed them in a "x" shape, secured them on the back of the cs and popped up this piece using Dimensionals.
- The main image is popped up on double pieces (one on top of each other) of Dimensionals. The Night of Navy cs is 2 1/2" x 4". The Whisper White section is 2 1/4" x 3 3/4". I used an image from the Serene Silhouettes stamp set, coloring it using markers. I used Marina Mist for the main part of the flowers and Night of Navy for the centers. I used Certainly Celery all over the leaves and stems and then randomly touched spots with the Wild Wasabi marker to give some visual interest.
- The sentiment is from the Teeny Tiny Wishes stamp set and is punched out using the Word Window punch. I backed it with a piece of Night of Navy cs punched out using the Word Window punch, and cut horizontally in half.
And here's the second card:
To get this look follow the first three instructions for the first card.
Here are the differences:
- I used a metal "thingie" that I had from an old Hodgepodge Hardware set on the ribbon.
- I colored the image the same way as the first card but then punched it out using a 1 3/4" circle punch. I used the same punch for the Night of Navy that is backing the circle, cutting it first in half.
- I used the same sentiment but punched it out using oval punches.
- The image and sentiment are popped up on Dimensionals.
And here's the reward for those who read . . . or at least scrolled . . . to the bottom!
For those of you feeling a little under the weather, get well hugs . . . but don't get any germs on me (lol),

domain: artistic


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For many, the winter months mean more than holidays and spending time with family; breaks from work or school are often associated with a long awaited trip to the slopes. Skiing has become an important tradition for people looking to escape the bustling city streets of their busy everyday lives. However, this beloved recreational activity could soon be a relic of the past, thanks to the far-reaching effects of global warming.
Ski resorts are likely the last place one would think of when considering the pernicious effects of global warming. However, ski resorts hold the roots and implications of climate change. The economic life of resorts is inextricably linked to global environmental conditions, and resorts themselves contribute to the very global warming that harms their business. Ski resorts, which are simultaneously damaging to and damaged by the current environmental situation, will soon rely heavily on decisive environmental action to keep their business economically and physically viable. Resort owners must be cognizant of this and continue their work to increase sustainability on the slopes.
Climate change affects ski resorts in a myriad of ways. In order to be most profitable, ski resorts strive to offer the longest ski season possible as the number of skiers on the mountain and the amount of days spent during trips directly correlate to a net rise in profits. Unfortunately for resort owners, a recent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report estimates that resorts in popular ski areas such as Colorado could see their seasons shortened by 10 to 50 percent by 2050. The report went on to say that some resorts could experience a decrease in season length by as much as 80 percent by 2090. Arapahoe Basin, which has the longest season of any Colorado resort due to favorable weather conditions, may see its season reduced from 7.5 months to just 1.5 months if the most dire projections are proven true. The shorter season can be attributed to the dwindling snowpack, which is the amount of snow on the ground required for people to ski safely. In recent decades, the EPA reports that snowpack has declined by 20 to 60 percent across most of Colorado. Without sufficient snowpack, a resort may not be able to open as early in the fall or close as late in the spring. As the trajectory of the global climate issue continues to worsen, resorts will struggle to operate profitably. With resorts in danger, the economic sustainability of the communities in which they exist will also be forced into a precarious situation.
Beyond the detrimental impacts on resorts, climate change is also changing the economic futures of the towns, cities, and states in which these resorts operate. Ski vacations place as much value on the resort experience—lodging, shopping, and dining—as they do on the actual skiing. Some resorts have capitalized on this by purchasing some of the retail and dining services around the mountain. For instance, Vail Resorts makes only 46 percent of its money on lift tickets, raking in most of its profits on ski schools, dining, and retail. In addition, there are just as many independent businesses that rely on the heavy traffic of skiers to keep their businesses afloat. Vail Village, the shopping area at the foot of the Vail mountains, boasts a wide variety of ski shops, boutiques, art galleries, and candy shops that all financially depend on skiers who purchase their products after a long day on the slopes.
The economic costs of climate change may impact residents in the ski areas as well. During low-snow winters, Colorado resorts employ 1,800 fewer people than during regular seasons since fewer skiers flock to the resorts. As the planet warms, low-snow winters are expected to become the norm. This would result in lower revenues and higher unemployment, affecting not only individual incomes, but also taxes collected by local, state, and federal governments. On a larger scale, federal and state governments rely on ski resorts to keep tourism revenue high. In 2010, the snowiest winter in the past decade, ski-related employees alone contributed $2.2 billion to Colorado’s economy. However, in winters that weren’t as snowy, the total revenue difference between low-snow and high-snow winters was $1.07 billion and 6 to 13 percent fewer people were employed in Colorado.
Although ski resorts are adversely affected by climate change, they also contribute to warming climates. Snowmaking is often touted as the solution to decreased snowfall. If not enough snow falls from the sky, resorts can easily make up for it by using water and freezing mechanisms to supplement natural snow. Snowmaking, however, is an unsustainable solution that comes with a slew of environmental problems. Snowmakers are costly when it comes to water use: In order to cover about an acre in 6-inches of snow, these machines require 75,000 gallons of water. Put into perspective the 5,289 acres of Vail terrain that will likely require snowmaking given the trajectory of climate change and it becomes easy to recognize the potential strain of snowmakers on the environment.
Apart from wasting water, the ski resort industry also contributes to climate change through its expansionist agenda. Infamously, in 2000, Vail Resorts added a third face to their main mountain called Blue Sky Basin. This area had previously been identified as a potential habitat for the reintroduction of the Canada Lynx, which had disappeared from the area in the 1970s. It’s no wonder that environmentalists reacted to the expansion with vehement opposition—a radical group called the Earth Liberation Front set fire to one of Vail’s on-mountain restaurants as well as several lifts in 1998 to protest the construction of Blue Sky Basin. And more than just harming wildlife, resort expansion also leads to deforestation since developers cut down scores of trees to make mountainous area more skiable.
It’s important to recognize that ski resorts, despite their detrimental environmental impacts, rely on a healthy planet for continued operation. As such, resorts have both an incentive and a responsibility to preserve the natural world. Encouragingly, some resorts are taking steps to neutralize their environmental impact and work toward a more sustainable future. Protect Our Winters (POW), an environmental advocacy group centered around snow, has partnered with many major resorts, including Colorado’s Arapahoe Basin and Aspen Snowmass. To support POW, these resorts are standing behind lobbying efforts that work to create more environmental accountability and slow the rate of global warming. Other resorts have developed their own sustainability goals. In 2017, Vail Resorts unveiled their ‘Epic Promise,’ which commits the company to zero net emissions, landfill waste, and net operating impact on surrounding habitats by 2030. Though these plans are ambitious, Vail has been making progress already by restoring acres of forest, investing in renewable energy and more efficient snowmaking, and switching to LED lighting. As more resorts commit to curtailing their environmental effects, other industries could potentially follow suit, leading to a positive ripple effect. The federal government is slow to take decisive action against climate change, so private companies must also work to diminish the country’s greenhouse gas emissions—potentially to even reach the levels agreed upon in Paris—despite the lack of policy backing. The longevity of ski resorts may not seem dire right now, but the effects of climate change are omnipresent. As we inch toward a climate-related tipping point, businesses and governments must work together to diminish greenhouse gas emissions. On that front, they can look toward ski resorts, which are already trying to soften their own environmental impacts. Change will always be slow, but an earnest effort is vital to ensure that our beloved ski resorts are still around in the near future.
Photo: “Ski Resort“

domain: geography


Changing your habits, such as alternating the use of large appliances like washing machines and dishwashers, and simply using less water overall help reduce wear and tear on your septic tank.
However, it’s even more critical to pump your septic tank every two to three years. If you don’t, you risk significant drainage problems and expensive repairs. Because bacteria are required for a tank to operate properly, a neglected tank will create an environment that kills the bacteria. This results in a build-up of sludge, which can clog the septic system and ultimately result in sewage backing up into your drain field.
Conveniently packaged in 12 individual water-soluble packets, BioFORCE is a once a month solution to maintaining a healthier septic tank.
Detergents, soap, chemicals, and other organic waste decrease the amount of naturally occurring bacteria needed to help break down solids. BioFORCE contains enzyme-producing bacteria that break down organic solid material waste increasing flow and decreasing odor from septic systems.
Customer Understands and agrees to hold harmless John’s Sanitation Septic Tank Service & Johns Sanitation, Inc. For any and all damages that may arise out of the probing & digging up and pumping of a septic system.
John’s Sanitation will not be responsible for or held liable for any damages incurred to sidewalks, driveways, Sprinkler systems, lawns, bushes or shrubs, irrigation systems, gas, electrical or phone lines. Ect. We recommend you call Miss Dig and have them come to your home before we attempt any probing or digging in your yard trying to locate your septic tank.


Danger of computer dating
It can also map out and geotag your flights, upload your photos and videos to Parrot's AR.
Drone Academy service, and browse other users' photos and videos.
The drone doesn't have a power switch; it's activated by plugging in a battery, setting it in the battery slot, and setting the body over it. On the other hand, it means whatever you use to control it can double as a point-of-view display for the drone's onboard cameras, and that you can customize how the drone behaves based on the controls.
The former are inexpensive toys that often cost less than 0 and are often really difficult to fly.
The battery charges with the included AC adapter, and it takes approximately an hour and a half to fully charge. Drone 2.0 Power Edition comes with two higher-capacity batteries that give you combined 36 minutes of flying time, but unless you're willing to invest in either the Power Edition or additional batteries your flights will have to be short and sweet. Drone 2.0 do barrel rolls or flips by double-tapping the screen.
It's a fun trick, but it also kills the battery quick; in my tests, after a few barrel rolls, the drone was down to less than 30 percent of battery life after only five minutes of flying.
If you have an Nvidia Shield, you can control the AR.
Drone 2.0 with its physical analog sticks, which makes piloting the drone feel more responsive. Drone 2.0 sees through its forward- or down-facing camera in 720p quality.Two styrofoam bodies are included: an indoor body with foam rings surrounding the rotors, and an outdoor body that keeps the rotors exposed.


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how to grow taller?
planted my 6-7ft arverites last year. it is end of summer now. They did not grow taller hardly. Any suggestions. They get full sun in back yard.
Oakland County Michigan
One year in the ground is not long enough for the plants to come out of transplant shock. What they do first is re-establish their roots in the new soil. In another 1-2 years you should see more growth.
What you can do-
Give your shrubs 1 inch of water per week around the root zone during dry weather from spring to late October, up to when the ground freezes. These evergreens never go completely dormant, and it is important that they have water just before the ground freezes so that they can make it through the winter.
It is best to remove plants or turf in a circle close to the shrubs and mulch this area.
Mulch no deeper than 3 inches with organic mulch, keeping it pulled back from the trunks 2-3 inches. Hand weed this area, so as not to cut, nick or otherwise damage the bark. Do not pile mulch against trees or shrubs. This link explains in detail - the care and mulching applies to all trees and shrubs:
Fertilize in spring according to a soil test result. https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/dont_guess_soil_test_get_your_home_lawn_and_garden_soil_test_kit_today
Thanks for using our service.

domain: agronomy


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Well, brace yourselves. Alaska is going to have more political ads over the next five months than we have reality shows, which is really saying something.
We have a cheap seat up for bid, and the money is pouring in from all sides. If this were a boat, the bilge pump couldn't keep up. It makes sense.
The New York Times has taken notice, writing, "More than $20 million worth of ads have been reserved so far -- the bulk of the money coming from Washington-based outfits like Karl Rove's American Crossroads, which wants to elect a Republican, and the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, which is defending Senator Mark Begich, one of the most targeted first-term Democrats. Five months before the November election, that sum would be extraordinary in any state. It is all the more staggering considering it will be spent to reach only about 490,000 registered voters."
Are you kidding me? That is so much money! If every one of our registered voters actually voted, that would be more than $40 a vote. If the same number shows up as in the last senate race it would be $80.
When I think of the grainy FBI tapes taken in room 604 of the Baranof Hotel in Juneau, I have to sigh. The "Corrupt Bastards Club" seems so old fashioned now. Our legislators taking bribes from oil company executives seems quaint. Thanks to the Supreme Court's decision in the Citizens United case, all bets are off. It's big money time. Corporations are people, and people are, well, you're still just a person.
Here's $80 -- now vote.
This week U.S. Senate candidate Dan Sullivan, proposed what he called the "Alaska Agreement." Though he hasn't won the primary he wants to play "Let's Make A Deal" with Senator Begich. Really, dude? He wants to limit the amount of "Outside" money. Ironic since he's a bit "Outside" to be making that call. You know, like when he said his "principal residence" was in Maryland so he could get a tax break there, all while voting in Alaska. (Oh, Mead Treadwell, is this a voting violation? Just asking you since you're the guy in charge of Alaska elections for the time being.) Mr. Sullivan doesn't seem to have a problem taking more campaign donation money from Ohio than Alaska. (No offense, Ohio, I think your Skyline Chili is amazing.)
Mr. Sullivan has some issues with time and space. See, I understand how some winters in Alaska feel like several years and that's just in January, but claiming over a 5-year period that you've had residency on your fishing license for one, two, ten and seventeen years seems excessive.
How can this candidate call on the senator to turn down Outside or Inside money being spent on his behalf -- and in the next breath say he supports the Supreme Court decision that has created this monied monster?
Sullivan tweeted that he supports Citizens United and "freedom of speech." But does he support more than 31 ice cream flavors and cute puppies? Seriously. That makes about as much sense since he's whining about all the money corporations are spending on this race and then says he supports the source of the cluster confusion.
When Dan Sullivan was appointed attorney general by Sarah Palin in her last days as our governor, it was to get his political foot in the door in Alaska. I heard then he was here to run for Senate.
This week my mom called me. She was out to lunch with a few friends and they had some questions for me about a few candidates. They have seen so many ads they don't know what to believe. (Yeah, I know, we all get that.) After answering a few questions, I told them to attend a meet-and-greet, pick up the phone and call the candidate or send an email. Alaska is small enough you can actually have a conversation with people running for office. Interview them. They are applying for a job to work for you. They covet your votes. What "outside money" doesn't understand is that we have a direct line, and we should use it.
This week Fortune Magazine called Alaska one of the most politically corrupt states in the nation. (We are listed as number seven, but I think we could be number one without much extra effort.) They had quite a list of who is for sale. Alaskans, do your homework, don't put your vote up for auction.
Shannyn Moore is a radio broadcaster. You can hear her show, "The Last Word," Monday through Friday from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. on KOAN 95.5 FM and 1080 AM and 1480 We Act Radio in Washington, D.C., and on Netroots Radio.
By SHANNYN MOORE


Understanding and comparing the hyper-v architecture
27/01/2010 Leave a comment
Today is not difficult to have a company that uses some sort of virtualization. This solution is increasingly present in our daily lives by features offered and low cost. With its stunning architecture, where you can enjoy the hardware with maximum efficiency, with some additional features for easy management, administration and more comprehensive integration with other services that will be discussed at the article, you will see the because of Microsoft’s success with the hyper-v.
History of virtualization at Microsoft
Everything began in February 2003 when Microsoft acquired a company that was already on the market since 1988 called Connectix. This company had a solution that could virtualize operating systems. For those who didn’t know was surprising, because it was possible to do multiple tests of the functionality of the operating system (OS), but a virtual form within an existing OS. What is interesting is that virtualization technology is not new. True virtual environments, already existed in large Main Frames of the 1960s that could simulate a virtual environment, several virtual machines as the IBM model I44. In September 2004 Microsoft released Virtual Server 2005, a server with support for virtual machines (VM), but this had some hardware limitations, virtual systems could use only one processor x86 and maximum 3.6 GB of memory per VM. Running in parallel with these solutions virtual Intel and AMD launched its processors with hardware virtualization support, baptized of Intel-VT and AMD-V. Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 was launched and has already provided support to the new processor technologies, providing better performance, however all hardware call was sent from VMs to the virtual machine monitor (VMM), it forwarded these calls to the host operating system and then to the Windows kernel. Only after that the VM Hardware being accessed in this way, a processor switching between physical and virtual machine. It was for this reason that the Virtual Server 2005 does not used 100% of the power provided by the hardware virtualization from Intel and AMD.
In Windows 2008 Microsoft released Hyper-V and the Hyper-V Server. The latter would be a free version of the operating system only with Hyper-V role enabled. Hyper-v supports x86 and x64 VM, and 64 GB of memory and up to 4 processors per virtual machine, using the entire capacity hardware virtualization. In the table below is apparent difference between solutions:
Table 1 – differences between virtual server, hyper-v and hyper-v Server
Compared to its predecessor Virtual Server 2005, the Hyper-V differential associated with hardware virtualization are VMs with more memory and processor support, so the speed and security.
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
To explain in a way more advanced and technical difference between virtualization types used by the virtual server and hyper-v, is important to understand a little of the VMM.
It is responsible for the creation, preservation, access to system resources and VM management. There are three types of implementation: VMM type 2 hybrid VMM and VMM type 1.
VMM type 2 Hybrid VMM VMM type 1
Figure 1 – types of VMM
VMM type 2 runs above the host operating system. The hybrid type runs parallel to the host system, type this used by Virtual Server 2005 R2, which has used the technology of AMD-V and Intel-VT, but without the hypervisor. The third, type 1, is a Hypervisor-based solution, used by the hyper-v, providing performance and with a series of components for communication of VMs to hardware.
Structure of Hypervisor
Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-v provides a structure for the Hypervisor-based virtualization of type 1 (VMM), I believe that this should not be news to anyone since it is normal to read or hear this in almost every place where the subject is Microsoft Virtualization. When you install Windows Server 2008 the Hyper-V is not installed automatically. The OS without Hyper-v has direct access to hardware and Hypervisor structure does not exist, as Figure 2.
After operating system installation you need to add the function of hyper-v in Server Manager (this function is only available in Windows Server 2008 x 64).
Figure 2 – Windows 2008 without Hyper-V
After installation of Hyper-V and rebooting the machine, OS suffers several amendments. The file responsible for Windows boot (Winload.exe) loads the driver hvboot.sys. This driver checks which processor is running, and whether it supports virtualization. After this process is loaded the hypervisor image file (Hvix64.exe for Intel-VT or Hvax64.exe to AMD -V). Only after this the system boots, thereby creating a single standard called Parent Partition, where you made the first virtualization and it runs Windows 2008. Sounds strange, but is that the operating system that you raise after the hyper-v virtual also was installed. The virtual machines that are added after the hyper-v are created in partitions call Child Partitions. Is the Hypervisor that manages these partitions and control access them to hardware.
Another interesting approach is subject to hardware virtualization. Without this there are only 4 specific hardware of rings, called Rings processor, which define the level of access privilege to the processor. The privilege is the ring 0, used by the Windows kernel and Ring 3 is typically used in user level, amounting to a total of 4: ring 0, 1, 2 and 3.
When installing the hyper-v is created a ring that runs on a privileged mode called privileged or ring -1. This ring causes the hypervisor rode in a greater privilege that the Windows kernel allowing any operating system continue to be used for ring 0 and users application running in ring 3. In Figure 2 you can analyze Parent and Child partitions, in addition to processing rings.
Figure 3 – Hypervisor, Rings and partitions
All creation and management of virtual machines of hyper-v are made by a series of virtual devices and software components that work together called Virtualization Stack used in both the Parent and Child partition. Some of them are: Virtualization Service Provider (VSP), Virtualization Service Client (VSC) Virtualization Infrastructure driver (VID) and virtual machine bus (VMBus). This series of software and components work with Hyper-v management in conjunction with the hypervisor. The VSP is a software component that is in the Parent partition and that controls I/O requests on behalf of the virtual machines. Already the VMBus is responsible for data transfer and delivery of services between Parent and Child partitions for a dedicated channel available between the VSCs and VSPs. The VSC uses the VMBus for the communication of the VSP partitions Child up to the functioning of synthetic drivers that run on the Child partitions.
The VID uses some APIs for communication between the Parent partition to the Hypervisor. The access and the instructions of the Parent partition APIs to Hypervisor are called Hypercalls. The VID is applied in two levels: kernel-level with the file VID.sys in ring 0 and User level by VID.ll file in Ring 3.


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Welcome to the 13th Annual Colorado Playlist Fan/Listener Best of the Year; the “best” of #COMUSIC / #coloradomusic as voted on by Colorado Playlist followers, fans and listeners, and by independent djs at community/public radio stations in Colorado I pulls spins from weekly.
LISTENER/FAN FAVORITE ALBUM OF 2022
Water From the Stone lands at #11 in the 2022 Colorado Top 50 Airplay chart. Fans voted in the album just under the wire, nudging out close runner up Mike Clark & the Sugar Sounds Moon Rock. Enjoy Erik – your fans love this album, and the other category you earned FAN Favorite in.
LISTENER/FAN FAVORITE SONGS OF 2022
AMERICANA/ALT-COUNTRY – Ryan Chrys & the Rough Cuts – Seein’ You Tonight (feat. Lauren Michaels) – If you’re experiencing a bit of deja vu I don’t blame you. Ryan’s band filled this space last year, with a song that Ryan sang on. This year, it’s a song that Lauren sings on. The album landed at #38 in the 2022 Colorado TOP 50 Airplay chart And of course, their fans are rabid, with a capital “R.”
BLUEGRASS – Yonder Mountain String Band – Into the Fire – One of two Colorado based bluegrass bands up for a Grammy Award this year, but only one can win. Good luck YMSB, and congrats for Fan/Listener Favorite for Bluegrass Song of the Year. Colorado community radio djs loved you too – Get Yourself Outside landed at #7 in the 2022 Colorado Music Airplay chart.
COVER/REMAKE – Big Head Todd & the Monsters – Thumbelina … Their biggest and most popular hits over the past few years have been their covers. Happy Hollydaze – Look for a new studio album early in 2023. In the meantime, covering the Pretenders turned out pretty good -it’s the #1 fan/listener favorite cover.
DEBUT – Violet Pilot – Lazy Lions … Fort Collins’ based singer-songwriter Michael Kirkpatrick is well known for being a traveling troubadour, visiting Alaska regularly, and as a winner of the Telluride Troubadour Award. The band formed during the COVID shutdowns, when they worked to perfect their sound and record their fan favorite debut.
DUO/BAND VOCAL PERFORMANCE – Euforquestra – Show Me the Way – this Papa Wembe song could easily have been in the Cover/Remake category. The instrumental performance features Congolese jazz pianist Tyson Meya. The album took over the #1 spot on the monthly TOP 30 in November, and landed just behind the Lumineers and Nathaniel Rateliff & the Night Sweats at #4 on the 2022 TOP 50 Colorado Airplay.
EDM/ELECTRONIC – Big Gigantic x GRiZ – Open Your Mind – Long time collaborators and two of Colorado’s most popular EDM projects reunite for this track from Big Gigantic’s Brighter Future 2, racking up almost three million plays on Spotify.
FOLK/SINGER-SONGWRITER – Erik Lunde – Lonesome Traveler It’s said that everyone has one song in them. Not a prolific recording artist, if this was Erik’s one song, I’d take it. Seems Erik’s fans thought so too, giving this song a 2:1 edge in voting. Erik also got love at radio, with Water From A Stone landing at #11 in the Colorado TOP 50 Airplay chart.
FUNK/SOUL/HIP-HOP – Adiel Mitchell – Focus on Me – He’s a commercial actor, choreographer and singer-songwriter for whom dance was his original passion in life, not music. This is Adiel’s first Colorado Playlist Fan/Listener Favorite pick.
HE/HIS VOCAL PERFORMANCE – 2 way tie! Well, this is a first. Clay Rose (Gasoline Lollipops) and A.J. Fullerton fans raced to outdo each other in the He/His Vocal Performance category for two songs that helped to define the sound of Colorado in 2022. On the strength of the single, Midnight Dance, the Gasoline Lollipops album Nightmares came in at #19 on the Colorado TOP 50 Airplay chart. Two of A.J. Fullerton‘s other releases also charted.
POP SONG – Cody Qualls – Good Vibes … formerly with FACE Vocal Band, Cody opens up his solo career with a straight out of the box feel good summer lovin’ pop anthem about .. well .. good vibes and feelin’ fine. He’s got a mighty fine fanbase that sells out shows and voted this song to the top as the Fan/Listener Favorite Pop Song of 2022.
ROCK SONG – Elektric Animals – Come Clean. The band dropped their debut EP Channels last May and it quickly became a fan/listener favorite with Come Clean leading the way at radio, coming in at #21 in the 2022 Colorado TOP 50 Airplay chart.
SHE/HER VOCAL PERFORMANCE – Mojomama – We Are One .. Longmont’s Jessica Rogalski has become one of the scene’s most popular blues-rock and r&b vocalists. The album, We Are One, has been one of the top releases on Roots Music Report’s TOP 50 Colorado Album Chart in 2022. We Are One landed at #33 on the 2022 Colorado Top 50 Airplay chart.

domain: entertainment


After some controversy and drainage concerns, Thibodaux’s Planning and Zoning Commission has approved final plat designs for a new mixed-use subdivision near the corner of La. 308 and Rosedown Drive.
The commission met twice this month to discuss the final plat designs, submitted by David A Waitz Engineering and Rutter Land Co.
The new subdivision includes four professional commercial lots that will have separate, dedicated parking space near La. 308.
At the initial meeting on Sept. 4 Commission Chairman Clay Breaud was highly concerned that the developers had changed the plans for a road through the subdivision since it was initially approved.
After some back and forth, Lee Rutter, the developer, said the change would not bring the road all the way to La. 308. Instead it connects with a parking lot that runs parallel to the highway, but could not be accessed by it.
The only way in and out of the subdivision will be through the new road connected to Rosedown Drive.
All of the commercial buildings will face La. 308, set back about 75 feet, and will be accessed via the subdivision roads. A parking lot for those offices will be in front of the buildings, near La. 308, but will only be accessible through the subdivision. There’s no direct access to the development from the highway.
Breaud said his concerns were eased after meeting with Rutter and touring the site after the Sept. 4 meeting.
The commission on Wednesday unanimously approved the final plat designs, on the condition that the water lines are finalized with the Department of Health and Human Services and the fire hydrants are installed.
The matter now moves to the City Council for approval before building permits can be issued.
After a heavy rain in August flooded the area, and many other parts of the city, nearby residents in the Rienzi subdivision were concerned that the new development would impede drainage.
But according to the drainage study submitted by Waitz, the development shows no negative impact on the existing system and actually reduces the amount of runoff.
The intensity of the rains in August caused a flooding issue that hadn’t been seen in 20 years, Breaud said.
Other concerns were raised earlier this month over the development's gas lines. Rutter opted to have South Coast Gas Co. put the gas lines down, at a $1,200 cost, rather than go through the city or a private installer, costing around $12,000.
“At the time, we were given option of water and gas coming from outside sources because the lines were already there and the city had no provision for that,” he said.
“The city is in the business of selling water, don’t see why we allow an outside source to come sell gas and water in our city,” Breaud said.
The issue didn’t inhibit approval, however.
Staff Writer Julia Arenstam can be reached at 448-7636 or email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter at @JuliaArenstam.


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Retirement Traps to Avoid
Have A Question About This Topic?
The average retirement lasts for 18 years. Are you prepared to fill that many days?
A change in your mindset during retirement may drive changes to your portfolio.
There are a number of ways to withdraw money from a qualified retirement plan.

domain: economics


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Hello, my name is Gage Salyards. I am 32 years old. I am a travel, fine-art and landscape photographer and print-maker. This is a funding site. Let me tell you why your support will have a lasting and significant impact on my life and my career going forward.
A year and a half ago, I took a leap and decided to pursue my dream of being a photographer, full time. I am always looking for ways to learn from master photographers and artists who inspire me to do what I do and to follow my dreams. I have been given the rare opportunity to do just that. One of the most famous and renowned travel photographers on the planet, Trey Ratcliff, has recently moved to New Zealand and decided to put together a very intimate and personal workshop for a few select photographers to spend an entire week traveling around New Zealand and working directly alongside him. Although I haven't met Trey, his influence on my work has been profound. I believe him to be one of the most inspiring, forward thinking photographers and people of our time. It is an absolute dream of mine to meet him and work with him and I have the opportunity to realize this dream right now.
A little over two months ago, I noticed a lump at the base of my neck. After a series of tests, scans and procedures, I was diagnosed with Papillary Thyroid Cancer. On January 9th I will have surgery to remove my thyroid and all affected lymph glands in my neck. I am 32. I never in my wildest dreams thought cancer of any kind would be a part of my reality at this stage in my life.
While shock, confusion, anger, depression and embarrassment are just a few of the emotions I am moving through I am not willing to let this disease take me under. I am choosing to see this experience as a gift. I have been given the opportunity to assess every aspect of my life, to see with clear eyes what is important and to drop everything that is not. This experience has inspired me to spend the rest of my life following that which brings joy, happiness and light into my life and those around me.
I had been saving for this photography workshop for quite some time. My experience with cancer arose suddenly, and all of my resources have been invested in regaining my health, a positive outlook and committing to a positive and swift recovery. The workshop begins on Feb 6th. My time to gather the funds needed as well as recover from my surgery is short, but far from impossible. My surgeon has said he sees no significant reason why I cannot make the trip to New Zealand and has given me his blessing to continue forward.
How you can help support in my healing and helping this dream of mine become a reality
I ask for your support in making this dream a reality. My goal is to raise at least $8-$10,000 within the next 30 days to cover the workshop, airfare and travel expenses required for the trip to New Zealand.
I ask for your support in one of two ways:
1. You can simply make a donation of any amount you choose, and know you have my unending gratitude for your contribution. Even $50 will make a huge difference.
2. You can select one of the following contribution awards listed and receive a limited edition personally handmade print of your choice from either my portfolio on my website www.eyeamgage.com or the incredible images I will come back from New Zealand with.
I am inspired to enjoy this life I have but also be a friend, a contributor to mankind. My long terms goals are many, but the critical professional and personal development is needed to reach them. It has long been my dream and goal to seek out this experience, in part, through working with master photographers and artists who inspire me. This New Zealand opportunity provides exactly that experience and development I seek.
This cancer situation is but a small bump in the road for me, yet it will have a lasting effect from here on out, in the most positive and loving way. I am here on this earth to make a positive difference in this world we live in, and make a contribution through the images I capture and create. In our darkest moments we must seek out the beauty that is all around us, the examples of "heaven on earth" that exist from the farthest reaches of the earth to the places we drive past every day. I am inspired to illuminate, focus on and capture these images of universal perfection for the world to see and experience.
I am fully committed to making this dream a reality, and I am incredibly grateful for your participation and contributions.
Thank you with all my heart,
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Elías finishes 28th in Monza Rally
24 November 2010 – Spain’s Toni Elías will return to the MotoGP class in 2011 as this year’s inaugural Moto2 Champion and the Spaniard was pleased with the opportunity to compete in the recent Monza Rally in Milan before heading back to his team’s factory.
Having taken a season out of the top flight, Elías makes his comeback with LCR Honda next year, as a string of off-season commitments now continue.
“I like that but I needed a break and the Monza Rally was the right opportunity - that was my first time in a rally car but I enjoyed it a lot. I think I’ve found a new game to play!
“Before going back home I have decided to visit Lucio and the team at their tech division.
“I was impressed about the atmosphere and the history you can feel in that place; it’s full of photos, awards, motorbikes in every corner and all of the staff - technicians, hospitality staff, administration and commercial personnel and graphic department guys - have been very friendly and warm with me.”

domain: sports


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The law of human nature is considered to reflect the significant concepts of “right” and “wrong” in the society faced in everyday situations. It is necessary to state that the law combines such things as heredity or gravitations; some thinkers refer this phenomenon to the law of nature but we cannot but take into account the analysis of human behavior. So, our principal task is to clarify the main ideas of human law structure and recognize its key elements. Human behavior is ruled by ethical norms and morality being common for every nation and making the greatest part of natural law.
The law of human nature was studied by C. S. Lewis in his work as the system striving to explain the humanity what actions and manners of behavior can be perceived as appropriate within the society.
I can agree with Lewis that at some moments of our life people face definite sets of laws which are to be obeyed in any case but there is always one which can be ignored. The author of Human Law of Nature explained that it is a question of human physical and moral interaction. Historical analysis shows that the law has such a name because people had no need to teach it and managed to realize all its main principles by nature. It was stated that in case our organism is not ready to follow one of the rules, we try to observe it on the moral level. The concept of Right and Wrong was explained by Lewis on the basis of morality which is common for all the nations and communities. It is necessary to underline the fact that all people worldwide have some established moral concepts being common for everyone; for example, you can hardly find the nation in the world admiring the period of war events or imagine that for some states two and two can make five. The problem of morality is common for every nation.
The law of Lewis is focused on reason and logic. It can be explained by two major purposes fulfilled by the law: it makes people realize a moral right providing moral expectations through the behavior of others; the law allows people realizing their behavior and giving the opportunity to determine the standards they can be referred to. The concept offered by Lewis is contradicting because according to his theory people tend to put moral expectations on surrounded people without realizing that these expectations are put on themselves.
“It seems, then, we are forced to believe in a real Right and Wrong. People may sometimes be mistaken about them, just as people sometimes get their sums wrong; but they are not a matter of mere taste and opinion any more than the multiplication table”. (Lewis, 2001)
The idea is that people try to see definite flaws in people having them in personal qualities. This aspect is proved by human natural behavior in everyday life; we try to violate the things being expected from other people’s actions.
The work “Natural Law and Human Nature” written by Joseph Koterski is very close to that one of Lewis. It supports the idea that the essential humanity is covered by objective moral order and human ethics is perceived through the concepts of human nature. It should be stressed that the recognition and perception of the natural law is viewed together with belief in God existence which explains its religious moral side. The author managed to underline the fact that the history of human law formation has undergone metaphysical and anthropological influence. Aristotle stated that the moral understanding process can be identified as the nature of human inner world. Thus, Koterski’s stressed that law followed by people makes them be perceived as intelligent and moral according to their nature. (Koterski, 2007)
The theory of human nature law analyzed by Lewis and Katerski appeared to be close to life. Human behavior is ruled by the natural law following the principles of morality.
Lewis, C. S. The Law of Human Nature. From Mere Christianity. HarperOne. 2001.
Koterski, J. Natural Law and Human Nature. Fordham University, St. Louis University. 2007.

domain: sociology


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The American Grammy award winner takes to the front cover of the popular publication’s, People Beautiful Issue with her sweet children – daughter Willow Sage, 6, and son Jameson Moon, 15.
Accompanying the sweet family snap, the star opened up in a candid interview about how parenthood has humbled her and embracing an attachment parenting style in comparison to her free range childhood.
On the cover, the singer is seen flashing a huge smile as she cradled her two adorable children, who look ready for their close-up.
People is celebrating the girl power advocate and every facet of her life, her confidence grace and the famous pink attitude. Pink is one of the top artists with crazy performance.
The singer and her husband met in 2001 and then married five years later, and they are now very much doting parents to their children – with Pink revealing that is a firm believer in having their needs met.
The magazine has rebranded its Most Beautiful issue as The Beautiful Issue and features dozens of celebrities, including some posing with their best friends, their rescue pets and without makeup.
People Editor-in-Chief Jess Cagle says the magazine adopted the approach to make clear the issue is not a beauty contest. Cagle says Pink was chosen after editors saw photos of the singer with her sweet children.

domain: celebrity


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To understand what doulas are, it’s helpful to recognize what they’re not. Doulas are not medical practitioners. They do not offer diagnoses or conduct exams or tests. They also do not make decisions for expectant mothers or take the place of labor partners during childbirth. Birth doulas are specialists in labor support who educate, empower and comfort women during labor and delivery according to the birth plan and birthing experience their clients choose, be it a cesarean section or natural birth.
Finding the Right Fit
Many doulas are birth doulas—their job is to help women during childbirth. Other doulas, however, focus on supporting women before childbirth, especially those with high-risk pregnancies, or during the postpartum period. Women often meet with their birth doula well in advance of their due dates to get acquainted, ask questions about labor and delivery and create a birth plan.
When searching for and interviewing a doula, be sure to inquire about their training, fees, birthing philosophy, willingness to meet with you throughout your pregnancy and availability on or around your due date. Doulas can receive certification from various sources, including DONA International, the world’s oldest and largest doula certifying organization.
During Childbirth, Doulas Wear Many Hats
When the big day arrives, doulas take an extremely active role in the labor and delivery room. Nearly always by expectant mothers’ sides, doulas may serve as liaisons to help healthcare professionals better understand their clients’ wishes. During labor, doulas also offer emotional encouragement, coach women through breathing and relaxation exercises, advise about positioning, fetch needed items, such as hot or cold packs, and keep women and their labor partners informed about the progress of labor and what to expect.
A Bundle of Benefits
Several studies have found that mothers and babies reap a variety of benefits from working with a doula. One study in The Journal of Perinatal Education found that women who used a doula were two times less likely to experience a birthing complication involving themselves or their baby and four times less likely to have a low-birth-weight baby. Use of a doula can also reduce an expectant mother’s chances of needing a cesarean delivery or needing pain medication, and more likely to deem their childbirth experience positive, according to DONA International.
Doulas aren’t just helpful to women in labor—they also benefit labor partners. Doulas can offer advice on how best to support women in childbirth or assist with coaching duties so labor partners can more freely focus on savoring one of life’s most unforgettable occasions.

domain: medical


Carl Edwards is coming back to Nationwide.
Earlier this year, with the pain of a Cup lost on a tiebreaker still fresh on his mind, Carl Edwards declared he would no longer run in the Nationwide series. It was a surprising announcement given that Edwards had successfully doubled up full-time rides in both Sprint and Nationwide since 2005.
The prevailing theory, of course, was that Edwards would be spending more time zeroing in on his Sprint Cup career without the "distraction" of a Nationwide career. Even so, he managed to win a championship and placed in the top three every single year he ran Nationwide. Last year, with Sprint Cup drivers barred from winning the championship, he nonetheless managed eight wins and 23 top-5s in 33 events.
But the solo-Cup adventure hasn't quite worked out so well. Edwards sits 11th in points, but with no wins to his credit is in very real danger of missing the Chase entirely.
Could the added preparation that comes from running a race on Saturday help him on Sunday? We'll find out at Watkins Glen, where Edwards plans to return to the track in the No. 60 Subway Ford.
"The Nationwide race at Watkins Glen is almost like a Sprint Cup event because of the length of the race," Edwards said in a release. "It's a very long and tough race, and there is a lot of competition with all the road-course specialists."
Whether this comes too late to turn Edwards' season around, we can't know. Either way, it'll give him better preparation for the Sunday race and, perhaps, pave the way for a return to the Chase. Once in the Chase, anything can happen ... as Edwards knows all too well.


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Earlier this year, Chinese III Honors, Chinese V Honors, Chinese I, and Chinese II classes welcomed Jody Segar, director of the China Program of "Where There Be Dragons," to speak with them about his experiences in China. "Where There Be Dragons" is an educational organization that facilitates authentic and hands-on cultural immersion programs for students, educators, adults, and schools in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This is the third year that BB&N's Global Education Department has partnered with the organization to host a speaker series.
Chinese teacher Yinong Yang reports that "Jody lived and worked in China for eleven years. He really has rich, first-hand Chinese experience. His remarkable stories were fascinating and inspirational to our students in terms of living in a totally different culture and society."
During his visit, Mr. Segar talked with the students about his time in China, shared observations about Chinese culture and how American and Chinese cultures intersect, as well described what it was like for him as American, a fluent Chinese speaker, living in China.
Anji '22, who has been to China, says that Mr. Segar's experience echoed her own visit to China. "I thought it was interesting to hear about Mr. Segar's time in China as a foreigner, especially because he was there for such a long time and visited so many places in both urban and rural parts of China. He knew a lot about Chinese culture, and it was really impressive to hear him speak in perfect Chinese. He had so many stories to share with us. I could relate to his stories about how Chinese people would be interested by him, especially as he could speak the language, because when I went I had a similar experience."
For others, Mr. Segar's talk was an inspiration to travel and learn about other cultures for themselves. Lena '20 would like to someday visit China. "Mr. Segar knew a lot of information about general Chinese culture and specifically his 'hometown' Chong Qing. His presentation was very effective in communicating China's influence on the world and the reasons behind the strength of that influence. He talked about the large population, rapid urbanization, and history of food and architecture of China. He definitely made me excited to visit China one day."
For other students, Mr. Segar's talk was a reminder of what it feels like to be an outsider in another culture and the importance of welcoming people of all backgrounds to America. Lauren '21 reflected, "I found the presentation to be very insightful and very informative about what it is like to be a foreigner in China.... I think it is important for people to experience what it is like to be a foreigner. That way they will know the best way to treat visitors to their own country."
Mr. Segar's visit to the Chinese classes was enriching beyond the additional exposure to the language. He shared important lessons about global awareness and connectedness that students will be able to draw upon now and in the future.


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The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has stated it has no regrets over fully embracing social media platforms such as Twitter, despite the London Olympics being marred by athletes’ ill-judged tweets and other athletes being abused online.
With social media having burst to prominence since the Beijing Games, London 2012 is the first edition of the Olympics to fully embrace these platforms. The IOC has been extremely proactive in utilising such services in a bid to tap into the youth market, but the dark side of the platforms has also been noted in recent days.
Swiss footballer Michel Morganella was sent home on Monday for an offensive tweet aimed at South Korea, while triple jumper Paraskevi Papachristou was removed from the Greek team last week for a racist comment. Meanwhile, British police on Tuesday arrested a teenager concerning the alleged abuse of Team GB diver Tom Daley on Twitter.
Despite these incidents, IOC spokesman Mark Adams said the organisation would continue to encourage the use of social media around London 2012, adding that it would probably be powerless to prevent it even if it wanted to. “As you know the IOC, the Olympics we have about 15 million social media fans and I think (local organisers) are doing something similar,” he said, according to Reuters. “To be frank, it’d be a little bit like King Canute even if we said these aren’t social media Games, because everyone’s decided they are anyway. We want to help people have a good time in social media.”
The role of Twitter at London 2012 was highlighted on Monday as US athletes launched a protest against IOC sponsorship restrictions by utilising the hashtags ‘WeDemandChange2012’ and ‘Rule40’. The IOC policy under the banner Rule 40 prevents Olympic athletes from using their names or likenesses for advertising during the Games, with the exception of promotions involving the event’s official sponsors. The rule is in effect from July 18 until August 15, three days after the closing ceremony, and is designed to prevent ambush marketing and non-partners compromising the investment made by Olympic sponsors.
However, Adams said that Twitter’s existence had not altered the rules, only the application of them. He added: “I don’t think we have any major concerns, as you know those rules, such as Rule 40, have been around for a long time before social media. Social media’s only been round for six or seven years. Clearly issues are raised more quickly but they’re still the same issues that we have to deal with, and if an athlete makes a comment which contravenes those rules as has happened, we will take action. Used in the right way, we embrace social media.”
IOC comfortable with ‘Twitter Games’


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Squaring the Circle.
By Doktor Aurora.
After the End.
The typewriter tapped out a nearly musical rhythm as the rainbow-manned pony worked on her latest novel, another spy thriller. most of it fantasy even though some of it she drew from life experience. Though, she never got as many suggestively named femme-fatals chasing her as Dirk Loan tended to.
“I’ll be right there,” she said as she heard a knock upon her door. Times like this she really did feel like an old mare, her bones aching even as she stood. Too much fast living burnt her out.
On the other side of the door was a grey filly in a veiled black dress, her yellow mane pinned up under her pillbox hat. As the door creaked open “Are you Ms. Rainbow Dash?”
“I am,” Dash replied, slightly impatient, the cold wind and cold drizzle making some of her old wounds ache as she stood with the door open.
“You don’t know me, but, I bare some bad news regarding a mutual acquaintance” she said handing a letter, sealed with a six pointed star in purple wax.
“Twilight…?” Dash whispered, running inside with an energy born of panic. The young mare outside following her in and closing the door behind them as the blue pegasus searched her desk drawer, finding a long ornate dagger and using it to open the envelope. Her heart sinking as she read its contents.
“Dead? She died?” the blue mare blinked back tears as she continued reading the letter. “How? Why?”
“She had been having trouble breathing Ms. Dash” the grey filly replied “Though… if I may be frank with you, I think it was the ‘medicine’ she was using finally catching up with her.”
This earned a hard glare from the pegasus as she folded the letter back into the envelope “You should go miss, I’m in no mood for company and I must pack if I’m to be traveling.”
The young mare nodded and saw herself out. Alone again Rainbow Dash began to cry as she hadn’t cried for years.
“Stupid filly… I didn’t actually want you to die,” she said with a sniff “you knew I didn’t really mean that.. right?”
End of Interlude 1.


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CD Projekt Red has had a rough month given the recent controversies surrounding the release of their first person action-RPG Cyberpunk 2077. Many of these controversies have stemmed from the game’s performance on last-gen consoles with reports of the game being almost unplayable. Due to these bugs many fans have been looking forward to the game’s next gen update for both PS5 and Xbox One. Thanks to a recent tweet we now have a better idea of when the Cyberpunk 2077 next gen updates may be coming.
When Are the Cyberpunk 2077 Next Gen Updates Coming?
CD Projekt Red took to the official Cyberpunk 2077 Twitter account to layout the proposed timeline for fixes and free DLC content. This timeline spans 2021 and features a look at when players can expect next gen updates to be released for the game. The timeline itself is date less, but we do see the Free-Next Gen Console Update to be towards the end of 2021.
CD Projekt Red directly addressed the next-gen question in an FAQ that accompanied the timeline:
Q: When can we expect the next-gen update for Cyberpunk 2077?
A: For those who are playing the game on next-gen consoles via backwards compatibility, we are planning the free, next-gen update for Cyberpunk 2077 on Xbox Series consoles, and PlayStation 5, this year. We’re aiming for the second half of the year and we’ll reveal more when we have more to share.
This 2021 date is not set in stone, but it should be reassuring to current gen console owners to know an update is coming at some point in the future. Cyberpunk 2077 definitely benefits from running on more modern hardware so the wait should be worth it.
Cyberpunk 2077 released in December 2020 for PC, Xbox One X/Series X, PS4+5, and Stadia. CD Projekt Red developed the game and Warner Bros. Home Entertainment (in America) Distributed it.
When do you think the Cyberpunk 2077 next gen updates are coming? Let us know in The Pit below.


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(Hasbro) Transformers Gen Studio Series DX - Soundwave
Only .. left! .. people are viewing this, and 23 recently purchased it
5 Great reasons to buy from us:
Reach past the big screen and build the ultimate Transformers collection with Studio Series figures. Each figure in the Studio Series lineup is inspired by an iconic movie scene and designed with specs and details to reflect the Transformers movie universe.
In the Serengeti Hideout scene from Transformers: Dark of the Moon, Soundwave and Laserbeak patiently await orders from Megatron.
This Studio Series 51 Deluxe Class Soundwave figure features vivid, movie-inspired deco and converts from robot to car mode in 19 steps. Remove backdrop to showcase Soundwave in the Serengeti Hideout scene. Includes a detailed Laserbeak figure accessory that attaches to his arm.
- 4.50 inches (11.43cm)
- Deluxe sized
- Made of plastic
- Based on the Transformers: Dark of the Moon film
- Converts from robot to car mode in 19 steps
- Premium figures
- Removable backdrop inspired by an iconic Transformers movie scene
..% of people buy 2 or more

domain: hobby


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Coronary Artery Ligation Model in Mouse (SPECT/CT)
Mouse model of coronary artery ligation showing deficit in myocardial Tc-99m-MIBI perfusion images. Images were acquired 1 h post-inj of Tc-99m-MIBI (~3 h post-ligation). Lack of perfusion in ligated heart appeared as conspicuous absence of signal in left anterior and apical region (black arrow in thoracic view, upper panel). Axial slices also depict lack of perfusion in apex and anterior wall of coronary artery-ligated mouse (white arrows). Corresponding images of a control mouse show normal perfusion (lower panel).
F-18-FGA shows myocardial injury in a rat model of isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy (PET/CT)
PET was performed 2 days after treatment of rats with isoproterenol (100 mg/kg i.p.). Approx. 37 MBq of F-18-FGA was injected in the tail vein and images were acquired after 3 h. Control rat does not show any cardiac uptake (right-most image). Cardiac damage was confirmed by TTC staining of heart sections after necropsy.


Uniform health care delivered by a mainstream public insurer - such as the National Health Service (NHS), seldom satisfies heterogeneous demands for care, and some unsatisfied share of the population either use private health care, or purchase private insurance (PHI). One potential mechanism to partially satisfy heterogeneous preferences for health care, and discourage the use of private health care, is regional health care decentralisation. We find robust estimates suggesting that the development of regional health services shifted both perceptions of, and preferences for, using the NHS, making it more likely individuals would use public health care and, consequently, reducing the uptake of PHI. These results are heterogeneous by income, education, and age groups; and are robust to placebo and other robustness and falsification checks.
Das Dokument ist öffentlich zugänglich im Rahmen des deutschen Urheberrechts.


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The festive seasons mostly spoil the healthy eating routine. Fried food, sweets and carbohydrate-rich food are included in our dish. If you want to reintroduce your bowels in the best possible way, then the advice of Dr. Archana Batra can be effective. Dieticians have suggested some readily available food ingredients that can help in the restoration of intestinal health.
He told, “The gut and brain are connected to millions of nerve cells, and for good reason, the intestine is often called the second brain. When your gut health is poor, your brain health has to pay for depression and anxiety. is.” 80 percent of our immunity system relies on the millions of intestinal bacteria that help digest food, produce serotonin, and enhance your immune system.
“This delicate balance can be disrupted by over-consumption of sugar, pesticides in vegetables, and even the use of medicines,” says Dietician. In such a situation you should know which material to use.
Ginger- Ginger has anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties which help in fighting infection. You can add ginger to many foods, but it is best to eat raw, especially when the enzymes are still alive and fresh. If you do not like the taste of ginger, then ginger can be taken with capsules.
Vegetable- Vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage contain sulfur and anti-oxidants which works to reduce inflammation in the body. Being rich in fiber, these vegetables can also help in clearing the colon. Broccoli is a treasure of nutrients like Vitamin C and Vitamin D which helps in protecting your body from infection. Vegetables should be cooked and eaten to benefit the intestine.
Apple vinegar- Many intestinal problems are the result of less acid in the stomach, allowing pathogens to grow. We can include apple vinegar in our daily routine. It will help in digesting the food properly, detoxing the body and will also balance the pH level of the body. Pectin is found in apple vinegar. Pectin acts as a major source of prebiotics for the intestine.
Ginger- Fresh ginger helps to produce acid in the stomach. Add fresh grated ginger to the soup, smoothie. Blow hot water over grated ginger so that fresh ginger tea can be made.
Check out below Health Tools-
Calculate Your Body Mass Index ( BMI )


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If you’ve ever had a migraine, you’d be grateful to suffer that pain instead of the pain caused by a cluster headache. A cluster headache comes as a sharp stabbing pain in the region of one of your eyes and can last anywhere between 15 minutes to three hours. They are so painful that they are called suicide headaches because people who have these headaches have been known to kill themselves just to get rid of the pain.
Signs and symptoms
Migraines and cluster headaches tend to differ in how they manifest. While people who have migraines usually experience nausea and photosensitivity, a person with a cluster headache usually feels it on only one side of the head and it affects the eye as well. Here are other differences between the two, as evaluated by Las Vegas pain management:
Frequency of attacks
A cluster headache may occur from one time to six times a day, while a migraine can occur as many as ten times in a single month.
Duration of the attacks
A cluster headache may last between half an hour to three hours long, while a migraine can last anywhere between four hours to three whole days.
Location of the attack
A cluster headache usually occurs on just one side of the head. It starts around the eyes, moves to the forehead, temple, nose, cheek, or upper gum. In the case of a migraine, the pain can occur either on one side of the head or on both sides of the head.
Time of the attack
Cluster headaches usually occur at the same time each day, thus being called “alarm clock headaches,”, whereas a migraine is more random in its occurrence.
Age of onset
A cluster headache usually manifests in adults aged 20 years or older, whereas a migraine can occur in people of all ages.
Gender of the sufferer
Cluster headaches are mainly seen in males, while migraines mostly occur in females.
Patient’s reaction to the pain
The pain caused by a cluster headache is usually extreme and can be so bad that a person who has it cannot sit still and perform normal activities, whereas a person with a migraine usually feels better if they lie down until the pain goes away.
Nausea and vomiting
2 – 5% of people with a cluster headache exhibit signs of nausea and vomiting, whereas 85% of those with a migraine tend to vomit.
70% of people with a cluster headache tend to also show signs of a runny nose, or some sort of nasal discharge, whereas a person with a migraine does not usually have this symptom.
Blurred vision is uncommon in anyone with a cluster headache but is commonly seen in anyone suffering from a migraine.
Only 7% of people suffering from a cluster headache had a family history of cluster headaches. On the other hand, 90% of sufferers of migraines have a family history of its occurrence.
Your local Las Vegas pain management clinic can help you understand if what you are suffering from is a migraine or a cluster headache, so visit a Las Vegas pain management center today.


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Primitive Spring Thyme Raggedy Ann Doll Handmade
This auction is for a handmade tea dyed 18" primitive Spring Thyme Raggedy Ann doll . Her dress is made to look like a jumper ! Her bodice is mauve with antique white lace around the sleeves. Her skirt is a pretty floral design with straps and antique lace around the hemline. Her pantaloons are off white with an edging ,matching Annie's dress.
Her shoes are painted buttermilk with mauve laces . Raggedy Ann has burgundy piggy tails tied onto each side of her head with matching bows. Her sweet prim face is painted with brown eyes. Raggedy Ann comes with a hang tag that I will sign and date.
You can find this item and more here.....
1 year ago


PARMA, Ohio – Big things are in store for The Shoppes at Parma, according to development plans announced by Cincinnati-based Phillips Edison & Co. The shopping center, at Ridge Road and Ridgewood Drive, formerly was known as Parmatown.
Patrick Crowley, spokesman for the project, said Phillips Edison plans to invest approximately $70 million in the redevelopment. The project will bring an estimated 700 construction jobs and more than 2,000 retail and office jobs when completed, he added.
U.S. Rep. Jim Renacci, R-16, whose district includes about half of Parma, plans to tour the retail center on April 23 to learn first-hand about the project and its implications for the Parma area.
Renacci will be joined by representatives from the city, Phillips Edison and the Parma Area Chamber of Commerce as he tours the property inside and out, including the site of the former Macy's department store, which was demolished in late January. The location will be used to expand Walmart into a Super Walmart.
Crews are working to recycle demolition debris from the old Macy's store. About 90 percent of the materials will be recycled, with less than 10 percent of the demolition materials going into landfills, Crowley said. He estimated that 950 tons of steel, 75 tons of non-ferrous metals and 28,700 tons of concrete will be recycled.
Parmatown debuted as an open-air shopping center in 1956, according to information from Phillips Edison. It was enclosed in 1965.
Portions of the original plaza still exist, with Chuck E. Cheese and Marc's as the major tenants. Crowley said JCPenney, Walmart, Dick's Sporting Goods and Marc's anchor the existing shopping center.
A new food court will be built with seating for 400. The enclosed portion of the mall will be reconfigured and redesigned with new décor and amenities, Crowley said.
The redevelopment is being funded through a public/private partnership Phillips Edison forged with the city of Parma, the school board, Cuyahoga County and the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority, Crowley said.
"There is great anticipation in the community for the evolution of The Shoppes at Parma into a town center destination," said John Kokinchak, The Shoppes at Parma general manager. "This is what people have been waiting for and now it will happen."


Former president Jimmy Carter on Tuesday advised President Donald Trump, who is facing possible impeachment, to tell the truth “for a change.”
During an appearance on MSNBC, Carter was asked if the House impeachment inquiry is a “good thing.”
“I think it still remains to be seen,” Carter replied. “Depending on what’s revealed in an inquiry. I’m a Democrat so I feel pretty much like the Democratic Party does, as you probably know.”
Carter said that he was “very glad” that House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) was proceeding with the inquiry.
The former president called the White House’s stonewalling on witnesses “a departure from custom and departure from what the American people expect.”
“Any advice for President Trump going through this?” MSNBC host Andrew Mitchell asked Carter.
“My advice to him would be to tell the truth I think for a change,” Carter said, “and also to cut back on his Twitter feeds and give the House of Representatives and also the Senate and I say the general public the evidence that we need to form a case either for or against him.”


In the previous lesson, we have discussed the challenges of OSPF Multi-access network. The two challenges of the OSPF Multi-access network are unwanted adjacencies and the flooding of LSAs. The solution is the Designated Router (DR). DRs are designated to coordinate topology updates.
On multiaccess networks, At initialization, a Designated Router (DR), and a backup designated router (BDR) are elected. It is the collection and distribution point for LSAs sent and received.
The BDR listens passively to this exchange and maintains a relationship with all the routers. If the DR stops sending Hello packets, the BDR promotes itself and assumes the role of Designated Router (DR).
When a topology change occurs, the update is sent to the Designated Router (DR). Then, the DR will update all other routers in the area. If the Designated Router (DR) not exists, each router would have to update its neighbour.
If the routers are interconnected, this can direct to multiple unnecessary updates. Having a Designated Router (DR) will assist to eliminate this problem.
In the OSPF network router that is non-DR or non-BDR becomes DROTHER. DROTHERs only form full adjacencies with the DR and BDR in the network. The DROTHERs send their LSAs to the DR and BDR using the multicast address 184.108.40.206. 220.127.116.11 is the address of all Designated Router (DR) routers.
Now look at Figures 1, R1 has been elected as the designated router for the LAN. The number of adjacencies has been reduced to 3, which is 6 adjacencies without a Designated Router (DR).
DR/BDR elections only occur in multiaccess networks and do not occur in point-to-point networks.
Default DR/BDR Election Process
There are some criteria for a Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) election:
- The first criteria for Designated Router (DR) and backup designated router (BDR) election are the interface priority. All OSPF enabled routers in the network elect the router with the highest interface priority as the DR and the router with the second-highest interface priority is elected as the BDR. The priority range is between 0 – 255. If the interface priority is set to 0, the router is not competent of becoming the DR. Serial interfaces have default priorities set to 0 therefore, they do not elect Designated Router (DR)and BDRs. The default interface priority of multiaccess broadcast interfaces is 1. Therefore, without configuring the interface priority, all routers have an equal priority value, so this method must be finished on a tie.
- So If the first method is finished on tie due to same interface priority value. Then the router with the highest router ID is elected the DR and the router with the second-highest router ID is the BDR. We can configure the router ID manually. If we router ID is not configured, the heist loopback IP address has become the router ID of the router. If no loopback interfaces are configured, the router ID is determined by the highest active IPv4 address.
- If we have running IPv6 network and there are no IPv4 addresses configured on the router, then the router ID must be manually configured, otherwise, the OSPFv3 does not start. The command for router ID configuration is “router-id rid”.
The DR and BDR election process starts as soon as the first router with an OSPF-enabled interface is active on the multiaccess network. When the OSPF “network” command for the interface command is configured the process of the DR and BDR election takes place. If the OSPF enabled router powered on it also start the election process. The election process of DR and BDR only takes a few seconds.
Now lookit figure 2, all Ethernet router interfaces have a default priority of 1. Based on the above selection criteria, the OSPF router ID is used to elect the DR and BDR. R1 with the highest router ID becomes the DR; and R2, with the second-highest router ID, becomes the BDR.
DR/BDR Election Process
When a new router with a higher priority or higher router ID is added to the network after the DR and BDR election, this router does not take over the DR or the BDR role because those roles have already assigned and the new router does not initiate a new election process. After the DR is elected, it remains the DR until the DR fails or the OSPF process on the DR fails or is stopped and if the multiaccess interface on the DR fails or is shutdown.
When DR fails, the BDR is automatically got to the role of DR even if another DROTHER with a higher priority or router ID is added to the network after the initial DR/BDR election. So, when BDR is promoted to DR, a new BDR election process occurs and the DROTHER with the higher priority or router ID is elected as the new BDR. In Figure 2, the R3 with higher RID is selected as the DR and router with the second-highest RID is selected as the BDR.
In Figure 3 above, the current DR (R1) fails; therefore, the pre-elected BDR (R2) assumes the role of DR. Then, an election is held to choose a new BDR. R3 and R4 are the DROTHER, but the RID of R3 is higher than the RID of R4, so R3 is elected as the BDR.
In Figure 4, R1 and R2 both going fail, in this situation the existing BDR takes the role of DR and the only DROTHER R4 selected as the BDR.
In Figure 5, the R1 rejoined the network but it does not take over either role of DR and BDR instead, it becomes a DROTHER.DR (R3) and BDR (R4) retains the DR and BDR roles. R1 automatically becomes a DROTHER.
Verifying DR/BDR Roles
When routers are connected over a common multiaccess broadcast network, OSPF automatically elects a DR and BDR. In the above example in Figure1 the R1 is elected is DR and R2 is elected as BDR. Figure 6 to 9 illustrates the “show ip ospf interface” command output for all routers.
In the example, R1 has been elected as the DR because the router ID of the R1 is the highest in this network. RW is the BDR because it has the second-highest router ID in the topology. The show ip ospf interface command can verify the OSPF router role.
Verifying DR/BDR Adjacencies
We can verify the OSPF neighbour adjacencies using the “show ip ospf neighbor” command. The state for neighbours adjacencies in the multi-access network are:
- FULL/DROTHER- This is a DR or BDR router that is fully adjacent with a non-DR or BDR router. Both neighbours can replace Hello packets, updates, queries, replies, and acknowledgements.
- FULL/DR- The router is fully adjacent with the indicated DR neighbour. The router can exchange Hello packets, updates, queries, replies, and acknowledgements with the DR.
- FULL/BDR- The router is fully adjacent with the indicated BDR router. Both can exchange Hello packets, updates, queries, replies, and acknowledgements.
- 2-WAY/DROTHER- The non-DR or BDR router has a neighbour adjacency with another non-DR or BDR router. Both can exchange Hello packets.
Usually FULL and 2-way both are the normal stat of OSPF router. If a router displays another state then FULL and 2-way, it is mean that there are some problems in forming neighbours adjacencies.
In multi-access networks, only DROTHERs form FULL adjacencies with the DR and BDR. It forms a 2-WAY neighbour adjacency with any other DROTHERs that join the network. When two DROTHER routers form a neighbour adjacency, the state displays as 2-WAY/DROTHER. Figure 10 illustrates the output of the “show ip ospf neighbours” command on all four routers.


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Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Charles Dickens's Two Hundredth Birthday
If you know me at all well then you know that I adore the novels of Charles Dickens. I've read all but one of them; and that one's the last one and it's unfinished. I like some more than others, but the only one I think is mostly bad is A Tale Of Two Cities. My present favorite is The Old Curiosity Shop; and the selection of illustrations that follow here are from those that appeared in its first edition. Crude as they are, these pictures were clearly approved by the author and, as they are presented in their proper order, should convey some sense of the spirit of the thing. This, of course, is all done by way of homage to the great man on his two hundredth bithday.

domain: library