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Doug Suisman’s personal and moving essay about his lifelong experience in cities and public spaces has just been published in the Spring 2016 issue of BOOM California. The online magazine is published by the University of California Press. The issue was guest edited by the outstanding urban observer Colin Marshall. His Notebook on Cities and Culture is one of the best urban blogs around.
June 15, 2016


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While the Organifi supplement is priced at around $77 per month, there are less expensive alternatives to the Organifi supplement. The best way to avoid overpaying for the supplement is to subscribe to its monthly delivery plan. This will bring down the monthly cost to $77. You can purchase the supplement through the official website of the company for $48 or through Amazon for $65 per month. Buying it from another site will automatically enroll you in an auto-ship program.
If you’re looking for a premium protein powder, think about Organic Greens and Organifi Athletic Greens. Both companies offer supplements made from various kinds of plants, which are rich in nutrients and other components. These supplements can help fill any nutritional need in your diet. They come at a cost that is different from one another. For one serving, Athletic Greens can be as high as $80. Organifi products range from $39 to $169 for bundles.
Both Athletic Greens and Organifi contain top-quality ingredients, including wheatgrass and Spirulina. While both supplements are available in different forms, Athletic Greens contains more superfoods than Organifi. Athletic Greens has more superfoods per serving, but both are full of nutrients and fiber. While both products contain some vitamins, Organic Greens is a better choice for athletes due to its NSF sports certification.
There are a myriad of Super Food Organifi options. They offer the same benefits , but at a lower cost. The benefits of Organifi superfood supplements are awe-inspiring and a higher consumption of them could improve your overall health. A greater intake of superfoods will lower stress levels and increase your mental clarity. They also lower the risk of developing serious illnesses. These options are recommended If you are considering buying Organifi.
The first thing you need to be aware of with Organifi products is that they’re produced in a licensed facility. Organifi follows GMP standards to manufacture their products, but after they’re made, they’re subject to strict third-party tests to ensure that they’re safe from harmful ingredients, such as gluten. It is also possible to ensure that no gluten has entered the product, and that there are no dairy products, nuts eggs, lactose, or any other food items can be found in it.
Alkaline Greens, a superfood, are extremely nutritious. The blend of alkaline plants includes moringa oilifera as well as chlorella, spirulina, wheatgrass and matcha tea. It also contains ashwagandha , turmeric, and lemon, and is vegan. This supplement contains concentrated ingredients that provide all the nutrients you require.
Another superfood supplement that is popular is Juice Plus+, which comes in several different varieties each promising to boost your immunity. Like Organifi, Athletic Greens is made using all-natural components, however, there are some potential adverse reactions. Probiotics, as you can see in this supplement, may cause gas, constipation and tiredness. The brand is not as popular as Athletic Greens, but it did make use of the fame of YouTube star Drew Canole to boost its sales. It is important to note that Organifi has an independent store that sells various other brands as well as a few bundles of supplements.
If you want to get some rest without taking drugs, then you should try Organifi Gold. This golden milk tea is powerful medicinal ingredients and antioxidant-rich components. It is also vegan, soy-free, and dairy-free. It also promotes good sleep. Here are a few reasons why you should try Organifi Gold and its alternative. They are the perfect way to get a good night’s sleep. They have no side effect and can be taken by anyone.
Organifi isn’t advertised as a complete drink. While it does provide detox, energy, and stress management benefits as well, Organifi isn’t as abounding in vitamins and minerals as other green juices. It’s got only 30 calories per cup, and four grams of carbohydrates and fiber. It also contains ashwagandha an adaptogenic herb that has been proven to have health benefits. It can also be found in coconut milk powder made from organic coconut.
Organifi’s Travel Packs are a convenient and tasty method to begin your day with a natural approach to energy production and stress management. They are small enough to fit in a purse or backpack and contain a gentle mix of powdered and steamed greens, which is a healthy mixture of nutrients and enzymes. Organic and non-GMO, these greens contain no preservatives or chemicals , and are keto-friendly. Additionally, they’re loaded with all the essential amino acids.
Other superfood supplements
Organifi superfood supplements provide high levels of nutrition with a variety of components. The combination of matcha green tea ashwagandha and chlorella is rich in nutrients and protein that helps organ function. It is missing probiotics as well as digestive enzymes. Both are vital to the healthiest lifestyle. The Organifi superfood supplements are a fantastic choice for anyone looking to improve their health.
Organifi Green Juice has 5 grams of superfoods greens. However, most people consume more than that. This juice does not provide the same antioxidant benefits that other superfood supplements do. It is important to remember that most people consume at least five grams of vegetables per day. Organifi can therefore provide a portion of the antioxidant punch necessary to improve health. It’s not easy to quantify how much this supplement is able to provide.

domain: food


Central heating was developed in warm countries
Central heating was developed in warm countries. The Minoans of Crete (2700 BC – 1100 BC) devised a system of diffused heating. And around 150 BC the Romans developed the hypocaust system. This is how it worked:
Tile floors were supported by columns, creating a space beneath the floor where warm gases from a central fire could circulate and escape through flues in the walls.
That also meant a demand for well-made pipes – and thus the job of the plumber was created.
When the Roman Empire ended, widely people returned to the use of open fires for heating.


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Dot studied at the Manchester College of Art, achieving BA and MA degrees. She has worked with textiles, printmaking, hand painted silk, watercolour and latterly botanical work, selling works to private individuals, galleries and shops.
Clients have included; The National Trust, Volkswagen, the Army and Navy Stores and others. She has paintings and silks in the Derbyshire permanent collection and featured prominently in the female artist’s exhibition ‘She Made It.’
Her work has always been deeply embedded in the natural landscape of Britain, particularly those places where she has lived; Wales, the Peak District and the New Forest.
Alongside a family and children, Dot has had a career in education, initially as a primary school teacher and then as mathematics consultant. She also worked in adult education, teaching drawing and watercolour painting
More recently she has become fascinated with ancient woodland, hedgerow and forest. Her work is about the micro flora and fauna below the trees, the fungi, butterflies and wild flowers.
As a consequence she feels deeply indebted to the inspired teaching, encouragement and guidance given by Sally Pond.

domain: artistic


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Meet our professional guides and you will be able to discover the best of Rotterdam during your visit. Our guides have more than five years experience and enjoy sharing their knowledge to you about architecture and urban development in historical and social contexts. We also know where to eat well and can bring you and your company to the best skyline views and cocktail bars!
Rody grew up very multilingually, and therefore has a natural command of English, Japanese and Dutch. When he was 18 years old, he studied Linguistics and Scandinavian Languages at University. Rody currently works as a translator and language instructor in Rotterdam. Whether it’s through language, culture or art, Rody heartily aims to build bridges between two very distant worlds.
Simon came to Rotterdam 15 years ago and fell in love with its dynamic presence. He grew up multilingually and speaks English, German and Dutch. He has a Masters degree in architecture and loves to travel. During those travels the idea for Private Tours in Rotterdam was born. Simon currently works as a recruitment officer at the largest art academy of the Netherlands in Rotterdam. With art & architecture in his dna, he loves to sparkle his enthusiasm to you and get you excited as well!
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Street club and church community meetings in Cleveland’s Buckeye neighborhood give residents a voice in their community; however, after the pandemic forced them online, residents without access to internet lost that connection to conversations that could shape the future of their home.
“We didn’t actually know how soon we were going to really need the digital capacity until Covid struck,” said Ernest Fields, pastor of Buckeye’s Calvary Hill Church of God in Christ. “Now, we know that, in order to guarantee the community’s involvement, we’ll never go back to a time when computers are less needed.”
Fields and his neighbors in Buckeye aren’t alone. Nearly one-third (31.3%) of Cleveland households, concentrated in communities of color, don’t have an internet subscription, according to data from Healthy Northeast Ohio. The city’s connectivity rate aligns with other racial and socioeconomic disparities in the region, lagging far behind that of Cuyahoga County and Ohio.
Greater Cleveland Digital Navigators, which helps people connect to the internet, devices, and digital skills training, can be reached at 216/307-6990 or www.ClevelandNavigators.org.
Digital connectivity, or lack of it, plays a major role in health, especially as the pandemic has increased reliance on virtual communication and more healthcare providers use programs like MyChart for scheduling appointments, releasing test results and refilling prescriptions. Even before the pandemic, applications for jobs, housing and assistance programs, all of which impact health outcomes, have been moving online, according to a study in npj Digital Medicine.
To mitigate the effects of this so-called digital divide on his neighbors, Fields forged a partnership with MetroHealth’s Institute for H.O.P.E. which has been working to improve lackluster internet connectivity in select Cleveland neighborhoods, including parts of Buckeye, for the last two years.
MetroHealth has built the infrastructure, yet the challenge now, faced by many local digital connectivity projects, is getting people signed up, MetroHealth officials said. The infrastructure installed in Clark Fulton and Buckeye can connect more customers than those currently taking advantage of it. Brant Silvers, who, until recently, served as the principal for clinical transformation at MetroHealth’s Institute for H.O.P.E., quoted the movie Field of Dreams, saying, “If you build it, they will come,” hasn’t been the case for this project.
An expensive project
MetroHealth’s Digital Connectivity Initiative began in 2020 in the community surrounding its headquarters: the heavily Latinx Clark Fulton neighborhood, which has one of the lowest connectivity rates in the west side, along with Old Brooklyn, Cudell and Linndale. On the east side, less than half of households had internet subscriptions in parts of the Central neighborhood, the residents of which are nearly 90% African American.
That’s why MetroHealth’s initiative has recently ramped up, gradually expanding to Buckeye, Old Brooklyn and Glenville to connect more than 400 households to high-speed, low-cost internet. In addition to installing wifi antennas, MetroHealth and its partners PCs for People and DigitalC are providing hundreds of laptops and training residents how to use them with the ultimate goal of connecting 1,000 Cleveland households to the internet by 2025.
MetroHealth appears well on its way to reaching that goal, especially with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granting them $100,000 to connect 500 households in the Cuyahoga Metropolitan Housing Authority (CMHA) system, Silvers said. And that’s in addition to the $900,000-over-three-years kickstart the FCC gave the project last year. The project is also considering expanding to Mt. Pleasant and Lee-Harvard, Silvers said.
“MetroHealth really believes that the healing that occurs within its building and on its floors should flow out into the community,” said Bishop Tony Minor, MetroHealth’s manager of faith-based engagement.
MetroHealth and DigitalC offer internet service at about $10 per month, thanks to subsidies from Dollar Bank, which donated $600,000 over five years in 2020. Low-income residents, however, can also apply to the federal Affordable Connectivity Program, which covers service up to $30 per month, making their service effectively free.
Silvers said that funding is necessary because creating the infrastructure to support broadband internet connections for hundreds of households is expensive. Each antenna, which can support a few hundred homes depending on the technology, costs “tens of thousands of dollars,” he said. That’s why other service providers haven’t done so themselves, he said.
Commitment to the community
MetroHealth doesn’t want to build antennas and leave, Silvers said. Rather, the project aims to invest long term in Cleveland communities.
The digital literacy trainings are an essential part of that, because, even with the hundreds of free laptops PCs for People provided in Buckeye, many people didn’t know how to use them.
Juan Silva works at MetroHealth’s Buckeye Health Center and runs trainings twice a week there. One woman who was used to accessing the internet through her phone didn’t know how to turn her laptop on for the first couple months after she got it, he said.
Silva structures his classes loosely, opting for a question and answer format rather than adhering to a lesson plan. This makes the classes more accessible, he said, for those with busy lives that may need to miss sessions.
“If we go in there with a rigid structure, everyone’s like, ‘I don’t know what’s going to happen tomorrow, or if something comes up, I need to just be able to pop out.’ We need to understand that our community works that way, and just meeting them where they’re at.”
This initiative has also garnered interest from Habitat for Humanity, pastor Fields said. The connectivity program is currently focused on five streets in Buckeye, and Fields said Habitat pledged to build 40 new houses in that area after seeing the success of the project.
The project’s next step in Buckeye is to reach out to the community more, said Marielee Santiago, the director of transformative knowledge and education at MetroHealth’ Institute for H.O.P.E. She’s recruiting a community resource navigator in Buckeye through AmeriCorps to help raise awareness and sign more residents up.
“We’re taking it to the grassroots level,” Santiago said. “Working with faith-based groups, with different community stakeholders that are connected with the community and have that trust. Then, we’re able to provide that education to bridge that gap.”
Michael Indriolo is a reporting fellow at The Land.
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Juine JY. Wang
As a fashion designer who cares about social issues, Juine Wang views her work as a critical commentary challenging social perceptions against sexuality, gender norms, hidden violence and conflicts that exist between human and environment. She completed her BFA in Fashion Design at Parsons School of Design, The New School. As a recipient for the Deans's scholarship, Juine is passionate about draping and making sculptural forms. She developed her years of study learning about silhouette, texture and especially the experience that garments bring for wearer when the two aspects of design are combined. She has been accepted into the MFA Fashion Design and Society program at Parsons, where she will continue to develop her research.


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|Publication number||US5557415 A|
|Application number||US 08/343,511|
|Publication date||17 Sep 1996|
|Filing date||19 May 1993|
|Priority date||21 May 1992|
|Also published as||CA2136209A1, DE69313633D1, DE69313633T2, EP0641431A1, EP0641431B1, WO1993023738A1|
|Publication number||08343511, 343511, PCT/1993/171, PCT/DK/1993/000171, PCT/DK/1993/00171, PCT/DK/93/000171, PCT/DK/93/00171, PCT/DK1993/000171, PCT/DK1993/00171, PCT/DK1993000171, PCT/DK199300171, PCT/DK93/000171, PCT/DK93/00171, PCT/DK93000171, PCT/DK9300171, US 5557415 A, US 5557415A, US-A-5557415, US5557415 A, US5557415A|
|Inventors||Hans O. Nielsen, Jan Hansen|
|Original Assignee||Faxekalk A/S|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (39), Non-Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (23), Classifications (10), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention concerns a novel apparatus and method for inducing and detecting fluorescence. The apparatus is particularly useful for measuring fluorescence emitted from turbid or highly turbid fluid media, such as, e,g., fluorescence emitted from living cells in a fermentation tank or in a mixed culture in a water purification plant. Thus, the apparatus is most valuable for performing the fluorescence determinations in the method disclosed in WO90/10083 published 7 Sep. 1990, which relates to a method for controlling and/or optimising a process in which an aqueous system comprising biodegradable material, such as waste water or sewage, is subjected to biological treatment using mixed cultures of microorganisms.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,577,110 discloses an apparatus for inducing fluorescence in, and measuring fluorescence emitted from, a biological medium. The apparatus is adapted to launch, from a continuous light source, a beam of exciting light through a ring-shaped detector. The apparatus is designed so that the field of illumination of the exciting light is substantially contained within the field of view of the detector measuring the emitted fluorescence.
EP 0.047.094 discloses an apparatus for inducing and detecting fluorescence in a medium. The pulsed exciting light and the fluorescence emitted from the medium are guided to and from the measured medium by means of optical fibres.
In highly turbid media, light is not able to travel more than a few mm or even only fractions of a mm before it becomes very considerably attenuated. Therefore, fluorescence measurements in such media present severe problems, and there is a considerable demand for fluorescence measuring equipment which is able to perform measurements with a high sensitivity and over a broad dynamic range.
The present invention relates to an apparatus of a novel type which is particularly adapted for performing the inherently very difficult fluorescence measurements in highly turbid media, but which will also be advantageous for applications in less turbid or non-turbid media.
In one aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for inducing and detecting fluorescence in a fluid medium containing at least one fluorophore, the apparatus comprising:
a light emitter adapted to emit light of a wavelength capable of exciting fluorophores in the fluid medium,
a light detector adapted to detect fluorescence emitted by the fluorophores excited by the exciting light,
a sensor body having internally reflecting wall parts capable of reflecting at least light having a wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of the fluorescence and having a sensor face adapted to be exposed to the fluid medium,
the sensor body being adapted to receive exciting light from the light emitter, and to transmit the received exciting light into the fluid medium through the sensor face, to receive, through the sensor face, fluorescence emitted by excited fluorosphores in the fluid medium, and to transmit at least part of the received fluorescence to the light detector,
both the light emitter and the detector being positioned in a distance from the sensor face, and the relative positioning of the light emitter, the optical detector, and the sensor face being such that the detector is able to receive light transmitted from at least a portion of that part of the sensor face which receives light from the light emitter.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for inducing and detecting fluorescence in a fluid medium containing at least one fluorophore, the method comprising:
transmitting light from a light emitter through a sensor body having internally reflecting wall parts at least capable of reflecting light having a wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of the fluorescence and through a sensor face thereof into the fluid medium, at least part of the light being of a wavelength capable of exciting the fluorophores so as to induce the emission of fluorescence,
receiving, through the sensor face, fluorescence emitted by the excited fluorophores in the fluid medium, and transmitting at least part of the received fluorescence through the sensor body to a light detector adapted to detect the fluorescence emitted by the fluorophores excited by the exciting light,
at least part of the fluorescence transmitted to the detector being fluorescence received through a part of the sensor face from which light from the light emitter is emitted to the fluid medium.
The fluid medium will normally be a liquid, but it may also be a mixture of a liquid and a gas, or it may be a gas with, e.g. suspended particles containing fluorophores.
The term "fluorophore" is to be understood in its accepted meaning as a substance which, when excited by absorption of electromagnetic irradiation (light), will decay to a lower energy state with emission of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength longer than the wavelength of the exciting electromagnetic irradiation. Many important fluorescent substances may be excited with Ultra Violet light and will decay with emission of light in the visual range, but there are also substances which both absorb and emit light in the Ultra Violet region, as well as substances which both absorb and emit light in the visual region, and substances which emit in the Near Infra Red region. The apparatus according to the present invention can be used for measurements in connection with any of these types of substances, although it will be described in the following with particular emphasis on measurements on substances which absorb in the Ultra Violet region and emit visual light.
A central feature of the apparatus of the invention is the sensor body, which constitutes a particularly advantageous functional interface between on the one hand the light emitter and the light detector and on the other hand the fluid medium. One function of the sensor body is to establish such a geometrical position relation between on the one hand the liquid medium and on the other hand the light emitter and the detector that the detector is capable of receiving light from the same part of the liquid medium as has been excited by illumination with the exciting light. The importance of this relation resides in the fact that in a highly turbid medium, the available fluid volume which can be excited is represented by a layer having a thickness of only a few mm, or even only a fraction of a mm, immediately in front of the sensor face and that any part of this layer which has not received the exciting light will not contribute to the active measuring volume.
Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the relative positioning of the light emitter, the sensor face, and the optical detector is such that light emitted by the light emitter is able to directly illuminate the predominant part of the sensor face. On the other hand, as the wall parts are capable of reflecting the exciting light, any part of the emitted light which is not directly directed to the sensor face will be transmitted thereto through reflection on the walls.
In another preferred embodiment made possible through the use of the sensor body interface, the relative positioning of the light emitter, the sensor face, and the optical detector is such that the detector is able to directly receive light from a predominant proportion of the illuminated part of the sensor face. Reflection on the walls of the sensor will then further enhance the amount of fluorescence which becomes available for detection.
The exciting light is preferably pulsed. This gives several advantages. Thus, pulsing makes it possible to compensate for any background signal in the measurement. In some of the important types of measurements on fluids containing biological material, e.g., in purification plants, day-light may generate an error signal, which can be compensated for by subtracting the background signal from the peak fluorescence signal following excitation. Another important advantage of the use of pulsed induction of fluorescence is that also the fluorescence generated is measured as a pulsed signal, whereby the peak intensity may be orders of magnitude higher than when exciting the fluid medium with continuous light having the same mean intensity. Thus, when pulsing the output of the light source, the peak intensity of the light pulses may correspond to the intensity emitted from a continuous 50-100 kW light source.
When using a pulsed light source, care should be taken to shield the detecting electronics from noise generated by the light source and its controlling electronics. An advantageous way of reducing the noise due to the pulsed light source is to separate the pulsing and the detecting electronics physically. This may be accomplished by the use of fibre optics. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the light emitter is a light emitting end of a fibre optical means, such as an optical fibre bundle, having a light receiving end adapted to receive light from a light source.
The fact that an optical fibre emits light from a very small area and at a maximum angle determined by the fibre material and the wavelength of the light, the maximum angle being smaller for Ultra Violet-transmitting fibres than for fibres transmitting visual light, is compensated for by the fact that the light emitting end of the fibre optical means is positioned at a distance from the sensor face. As will be explained in greater detail in connection with the drawing, this configuration makes it possible for the fibre optical means to illuminate and thus excite a satisfactorily large area of a turbid medium.
It is believed that the special way of using fibre optics where the light emitting end thereof is kept at a distance from the sensor face, thus enlarging the area of illumination and at the same time permitting a detector to "see" all or a considerable proportion of the illuminated area is novel per se, and thus, a particular aspect of the present invention can be expressed as an apparatus for inducing and measuring fluorescence in a fluid medium containing at least one fluorophore, the apparatus comprising:
a light emitter adapted to emit light of a wavelength able to excite fluorophores in the fluid medium,
optical fibre means adapted to receive and guide exciting light from the light emitter and having a light emitting end,
a light detector adapted to detect fluorescence emitted by the fluorophores excited by the exciting light,
a sensor body having a sensor face adapted to be exposed to the fluid medium,
the sensor body being adapted to receive exciting light from the light emitting end of the optical fibre means, and to transmit the received exciting light into the fluid medium, to receive fluorescence emitted by excited fluorosphores in the fluid medium, and to transmit at least part of the received fluorescence to the light detector, the sensor face being positioned in a distance from the light emitting end of the optical fibre means, and the relative positioning of the light emitting end of the optical fibre means, the sensor face, and the optical detector being such that light emitted by the optical fibre means is able to illuminate a part of the sensor face, and such that the detector is able to receive light from at least a part of the thus illuminated part of the sensor face.
Depending on the particular measurement to be performed, the pulsing may be performed with time intervals varying from fractions of a second to the order of minutes or hours. The duration of each single pulse is normally of the order of fractions of a second.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a measurement may be performed by transmitting a series of pulses, such as 12 to 200 pulses, measuring the generated fluorescence in the peaks and between the peaks and assigning the mean value of the measured fluorescence to be the actual value. The pulses in the measurement may in principle be generated at any frequency; at present, a frequency of in the order of 4 Hz is preferred. Measurements may be performed at regular intervals, such as 10 to 60 times or more an hour. Naturally the frequency of the pulses in the measurement, the number of pulses in the measurement and the time interval in which the measurements are performed is adapted to each other. If e.g. 180 measurements are performed an hour, the number of pulses used for each measurement is usually in the order of 4-32.
For the generation of the exciting light, a wide variety of light sources may be used, ranging from Ultra Violet sources to broad-band sources, depending on the properties of the fluorophores to be measured. For most applications, the exciting light will be light in the Ultra Violet region.
The wavelength range of the exciting light is normally limited, e.g., by incorporating, in the light emitter, light filtering means permitting the light emitter to emit filtered light. In a preferred embodiment, the filtering means is placed between the light source and the light receiving end of the fibre optics.
The sensor body is normally a monolithic body, but it is possible, and within the scope of the present invention, to establish the function of the sensor body by combination of two or more individual parts which together constitute the sensor body. The sensor body may be a hollow body, which may present the advantage that the amount of material in the light path which could potentially generate fluorescence (most materials are capable of some degree of fluorescence) is reduced, but for most practical purposes, it is preferred that the sensor body is solid. The use of a solid sensor body has the advantage that a compact and robust design can be obtained, and that the danger of formation of water of condensation at critical internal parts of the apparatus is obviated or considerably reduced.
The sensor body may be made of any material which is capable of effectively transmitting the exciting light and the fluorescence, such as quartz or sapphire when the exciting light is in the Ultra Violet region, or glass when the exciting light is in the visual range. Due to the exciting light travelling in the sensor body, fluorescence from the material constituting the sensor body may occur, depending on the material of the sensor body. Therefore, it is important to select a sensor body material which will emit as little fluorescence as possible. For most cases, this means that a high purity of the sensor body material should be secured, as impurities will tend to increase the amount of fluorescence.
It is preferred that the sensor body has a substantially symmetrical cross section in a direction transverse to the sensor face. In this connection, "transverse" should not be understood as limited to "perpendicular to", but rather includes both the perpendicular relationship and any slanted or oblique relationship. A suitable method of producing a sensor body of the kind disclosed herein is to cut a piece of a rod of the material in question, e.g. a quartz rod, and subjecting the piece to working and polishing so as to bring it into a desired shape and establish end faces suitable as sensor face and face receiving the detector and the light emitter, respectively.
The cross section of the sensor body may, e.g., be substantially elliptical, in particular substantially circular.
The reflective property of the wall parts of the sensor body are suitably obtained due to a coating of the wall parts. The coating may be any suitable coating resulting in the desired reflecting properties, such as a coating selected from dielectric coatings and metal coatings. The method of application of the coating will be adapted to the coating material and may comprise application from a liquid or from a vapour. In a presently preferred embodiment, the sensor body is coated with an external coating with aluminum applied by vapour deposition.
The sensor body will normally be an elongated body.
The dimensions of the sensor body may vary over a wide range. Normally, the sensor body will have a length in the range of 3-50 mm, preferably in the range of 5-50 mm, more preferably in the range of 10-25 mm, such as about 15 mm. The diameter is normally in the range of 2-40 mm, preferably in the range of 3-30 mm, more preferably in the range of 5-20 mm, such as about 10 mm.
The practical physical appearance of the apparatus according to the invention can be varied in many ways, depending on the environment in which the apparatus is to be used. As an example may be mentioned an embodiment wherein at least a portion of the sensor body is adapted to extend into the fluid; in this embodiment, the sensor face is less prone to become covered or fouled by, e.g. microorganisms or any material present in the fluid to be processed.
As will be understood from the above discussion, the light emitter may be, and often preferably is, the light emitting end of a fibre optical means, but it is also within the scope of the invention that a light source arranged in connection with the sensor body serves as the light emitter.
The invention will now be described with reference to the drawing where:
FIG. 1 is a schematic figure of a presently preferred embodiment of a sensor according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a detailed drawing of the operation of the sensor body, and
FIGS. 3A and 3B shows a test performed to illustrate the increased sensitivity of a sensor according to the present invention compared to a commercially available sensor.
FIG. 4 illustrates a comparison of the sensitivity of the sensor according to the invention and the sensitivity of the commercially available sensor; the sensitivity is taken as the sensor output as a function of the distance from a fluorescent object to the end of the sensor.
In FIG. 1, light from an exciting light source 10, such as UV light from a flash lamp controlled by electronic controlling means (not shown), is collimated by a lens 12. From the collimated light, a band pass filter 14 removes substantially all light not having a wavelength able to excite the fluorophores in the fluid. After filtration, the light passes a lens 16 and is thereby focused onto a light receiving end 21 of a fibre optical means 20, preferably a fiber bundle known per se. The exciting light is then guided by the fibre optical means 20 to a light emitting end 22 of the fibre optical means 20 and from there to a solid sensor body 30 of a material which is capable of transmitting the exciting light and fluorescence generated as a result of excitation with the exciting light, such as quartz. In FIG. 1, the body is shaped as a circular cylinder having end parts 31 and 32 and a wall part 33 constituted by the outer cylindrical circumference and comprising a vapour-deposited aluminum coating of a thickness of a few μm, constituting a reflecting layer surrounding the sensor body 30. The exciting light then travels through the sensor body 30 to the end part 32 which constitutes the sensor face of the body adapted to be in contact with the fluid containing the fluorophores.
When the exciting light enters the sensor body 30, a major part thereof illuminates the sensor face 32, while a part of this light will be directed toward the wall part 33 of the sensor body 30. The part of the exciting light directed toward this wall part 33 will be reflected by the wall part 33 whereby the reflected light will be directed to the sensor face 32, thus minimizing light losses.
When the sensor face 32 is exposed to a fluid containing fluorophores excitable by the exciting light, fluorescence will be generated in the fluid when the exciting light enters the fluid. Part of this fluorescence will be directed toward the sensor face 32 and will enter the sensor body 30.
A light detector 40 is positioned in a position at the end part 31 where it can directly detect fluorescence from the major part of the sensor face 32. In addition, the detector 40 receives fluorescence reflected from the wall parts 33, whereby a larger amount of the fluorescence from the excited fluorophores is detected. Therefore, the reflecting wall parts 33 increase the sensitivity of the sensor.
The detector 40 transforms the light signal received into an electrical signal representative of the amount of light received. The electrical signal is conducted to recording and/or calculating and/or process-regulating electronics, not shown.
When the fluid medium to which the sensor face 32 is exposed is a highly turbid medium, such as sewage or waste water treated with a mixed culture of microorganisms in a water purification plant, the exciting light will not travel more than a few mm into the medium before it is absorbed to a very considerable extent, and likewise, the fluorescence generated due to the excitation will not be detectable through a medium thickness of more than very few mm. For this reason, it is important, in order to obtain a realistic volume on which to perform the measurement, that the sensor face has a relative large area through which a reasonable volume of the medium can be exposed to the exciting light, and it is also important that the detector is able to receive the fluorescence from at least a portion of the area where the illumination takes place, preferably from a predominant portion of this area. FIG. 2 illustrates these considerations.
In FIG. 2, a light emitter in the form of a light emitting end 22 of a fibre optical means 20 is seen abutting the sensor body 30. As described further above, light emitted from fibre optical means is emitted having a maximum angle defined by the materials defining the core and the cladding of the individual fibres. Lines I and II illustrate this maximum angle for a preferred embodiment in which the fibre optical means 20 is a fibre optical bundle. It is seen that part of the emitted exciting light (e.g. II) is directed toward the wall parts 33 and, after a reflection on the wall parts 33, is directed toward the sensor face 32. It is seen that in this preferred embodiment, the predominant part of the sensor face 32 is illuminated directly by the exciting light. In this preferred embodiment, the fibre optical bundle 20 is positioned so as to primarily illuminate the part of the sensor face 32 which is closest to the detector 40.
Lines III and IV in FIG. 2 give examples of fluorescence generated by the fluorophores which either directly (III) or through a reflection on the wall parts 33 (IV) is directed to the sensitive surface 50 of the detector. It is evident that the reflection at the wall parts 33 considerably increases the amount of the fluorescence received by the detector 40.
As an example, a preferred embodiment of a sensor according to the present invention may comprise:
______________________________________light emitter 10 bulb type xenon flash lampcollimating lens 12 aspheric condenser lensfilter 14 UV band pass filter 300-400 nmfocusing lens 16 plano convex quartz lensfiber optical bundle 20 quartz/quartz fibres, 3 mm diametersensor body 30 quartz cylinderreflecting coating aluminum, vapour depositedfilter 42 visual band pass filter 400-500 nmdetector 40 PIN silicon diode______________________________________
The sensor body is preferably a solid quartz rod having dimensions:
Of course, the shape and size of the sensor body may be different. As the function of the body is solely to guide the light, any shape, size, and materials supporting this purpose may be used.
The exterior of the quartz body has preferably been polished whereafter the wall parts have been coated with a few μm of aluminum applied by vapour deposition.
The lenses are preferably selected so that the light focused onto an end of the fibre optical bundle has a shape and size substantially identical to those of the light emitting parts of the light source.
As the sensor body is polished, it is sufficient to position the light emitting end of the fibre optical bundle outside the sensor body, preferably in abutting relationship thereto as shown in FIG. 2, so that the exciting light, when exiting the fibre optical bundle, enters the sensor body and illuminates the sensor face as described above. It will be understood, however, that it is also possible--land may be preferred for some purposes to--design the sensor body in a shape which secures a better transfer of the light from the fibre optical bundle to the sensor body, such as, e.g., with a bore receiving the fibre optical bundle.
The light source of the sensor is preferably pulsed with a frequency of 4 Hz during the measurements. The detector then generates an electrical signal corresponding to the pulses of fluorescence generated by the fluorophores. Any signal corresponding to a background signal e.g. daylight, is measured between the fluorescence pulses. It is preferred that the individual peaks from the detected fluorescence peaks are converted to a mean value for the measurement. The background signal is also preferred to be a mean value of the detected background signal during the measurement.
For the detector to be able to precisely detect the fluorescence pulses, the sensitive area of the detector should preferably be relatively small, such as an area of about 5-10 mm2, or smaller. In the above-mentioned presently preferred embodiment, the sensitive area of the detector is about 7 mm2. The size of the sensitive area of the detector defines the speed of the detector. Pulses having a small duration in time should be detected by a detector having a small sensitive area.
Of course a smaller sensitive area is less sensitive than a larger sensitive area. However, this may be compensated for by strong pulses of the exciting light generating more fluorescence than if the light was continuous with the same mean intensity. Furthermore, a detector having a large sensitive area generates more noise than a detector having a small sensitive area.
This also has the advantage that detectors with small sensitive areas are usually cheaper than detectors having large sensitive areas. For this sensor, a small commercially available silicon PIN photodiode is suitable.
When combining the detector having a small sensitive area and the pulsed mode of the light source, an overall larger output signal may be obtained without reducing the signal to noise ratio below that obtained by using a sensor operating in continuous mode and using a detector having a larger sensitive area. The signal to noise ratio depends on both the noise generated by the sensitive area of the detector and the amplification of the signal.
When subtracting the background signal from the peak of the fluorescence pulse, the amount of fluorophores in the fluid may be evaluated or, if desired, calculated on the basis of suitable calibration in manners known per se.
To illustrate the increased sensitivity of a sensor according to the present invention compared to the commercially available sensor, a test has been performed in the aeration tank of the Central Purification Plant in the city of Viborg, Denmark.
The aeration tank of the purification plant contains a mixed culture of microorganisms. The microorganisms in the mixed culture contain NADH which is a fluorophore. The amount of NADH in the microorganisms depend on the activity level of the organisms.
In the test, a sensor according to the present invention and corresponding to the preferred embodiment illustrated herein and described in the Example above was tested against a commercially available fluorescence sensor available from BioChem Technology Inc., Malvern, Pa., U.S.A.
The sensor according to the invention was operated with one measurement per minute, 200 pulses per measurement at 4 Hz.
The commercial sensor comprises a front part adapted to be exposed to a liquid environment in which a fluorophore is to be determined. The front part comprises a circular channel through which a light beam from a continuous lamp travels to and through a front window which is sealingly mounted at the front end of the channel. The channel is surrounded by an annular light detector positioned behind annular optical filters and positioned as close to the front end of the sensor as possible, taking the optical filters into account. Due to this design, the detector is not able to receive fluorescent light through the part of the window which transmits light from the light emitter, and the "field of view" of the detector therefore has a "blind spot" immediately in front of the window, as the field of view does not comprise any substantial part of the volume of the liquid environment which is immediately adjacent to the window.
Both sensors were tested during the same period of time, and they were placed in the same measuring site in the fluid. The test was performed over 16 hours.
FIGS. 3A and 3B shows the current output from the two detectors, measured in mA, as a function of time, measured in hours. FIG. 3A shows the output from a sensor according to the present invention, and FIG. 3B shows the output from the commercially available sensor.
As is seen from FIG. 3, the output from the sensor according to the present invention is a factor 2.5 higher than that of the commercially available sensor. The higher output is generated by the sensor according to the invention operating in pulsing mode as the signal to noise ratio of this sensor makes this amplification possible.
But what is more important, the sensor according to the present invention has a dynamic range (the current difference between the highest and the lowest current in the measurement) of 3.2 mA, whereas the commercially available sensor has a dynamic range of only 0.2 mA
From this, it is evident that the sensor according to the present invention is extremely useful for when performing exact and highly sensitive measurements for e.g. precisely monitoring a process in medium of high turbidity such as a purification plant.
FIG. 4 illustrates the sensitivity of the sensor according to the invention, operated in the same manner as above, compared to the commercially available sensor. The sensitivity was determined by positioning a fluorescent object, in the form of a piece of paper, in front of the sensors while measuring the sensor output as a function of the distance from the end of the sensor to the paper. The maximum output of the sensor according to the invention is regulated to 1; the output of the commercially available sensor is regulated in relation thereto.
From this figure, the consequence of the blind spot of the commercially available sensor is obvious: this sensor has maximum sensitivity when the fluorescing object is at a distance of 3 mm from the sensor. The sensor according to the invention has optimum sensitivity when the fluorescent medium is as close to the end of the sensor as possible.
In a turbid medium, such as in a waste water purification plant, light is almost totally attenuated after travelling only a few mm in the medium. Thus, the major part of the generated fluorescence is generated just in front of the front end of the sensor and, of course, in the area of the front end of the sensor in which the medium is illuminated: in the blind spot of the commercially available sensor. Thus, it is obvious that the optimum sensor for use in turbid media should have optimum sensitivity as close to the end of the sensor as possible as well as a large area in which fluorescence is generated and from which this fluorescence may be detected.
The optimum sensitivity of the commercially available sensor is 20% of that of the sensor according to the invention. This is again caused by the sensor according to the present invention offering a better signal due to the better signal to noise ratio offered by the use of pulsed mode operation and a more suitable structure of the sensor body; the reflecting coating on the sensor body also plays a role in increasing the sensitivity of the sensor according to the invention.
Even though the sensor according to the present invention, thus, possesses optimum features and sensitivity for use in the generation and detection of fluorescence in this type of medium, the sensor possesses the same features in less turbid media where the exciting light is launched a larger distance into the medium.
The sensor according to the invention offers the same degree of precise determinations in less turbid media as the overlap of the volume of the medium excited by the exciting light and the volume from which emitted fluorescence may be detected is large throughout the medium.
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|U.S. Classification||356/417, 250/461.1, 250/458.1|
|International Classification||G01N21/85, G01N21/64|
|Cooperative Classification||G01N2021/6484, G01N21/8507, G01N21/64, G01N2021/6476|
|21 Dec 1994||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: FAXE KALK A/S
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NIELSEN, HANS OLE;HANSEN, JAN;REEL/FRAME:007399/0747
Effective date: 19941124
|13 Jan 1998||CC||Certificate of correction|
|28 Feb 2000||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|9 Jun 2003||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: WTE WASSERTECHNIK GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BIOBALANCE A/S;REEL/FRAME:014154/0021
Effective date: 20030415
|2 Mar 2004||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|13 Mar 2008||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12

domain: chemistry


text:
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domain: design


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Dirk Wiese, Coordinator for Intersocietal Cooperation with Russia, Central Asia and the Eastern Partnership Countries, today issued the following statement on the anniversary of the German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) of 23 August 1939:
The German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact, which was signed on this day 80 years ago, along with its secret supplementary protocol, marked a low point in German-Russian and German-Soviet diplomacy. Shortly afterwards, the German Reich started the Second World War and unleashed war and murder all over Europe. Poland was divided by force for the second time. I would like to take this opportunity to emphasise the suffering that befell our neighbours in Poland and the Baltic as a result of the Non-aggression Pact. The Soviet Union was not spared from German aggression. The Allied victory over the Nazis came at the price of immeasurable sacrifice in the Soviet Union in particular.
As Germans, we recognise our historical responsibility. We cannot – and nor do we wish to – cast it off or downplay it. However, we also need understanding with our neighbours in order to be able to live up to this responsibility. It obliges us to work for peace in Europe. I remain firmly convinced that we cannot accept permanent lines of division in Europe, be they on a map, as in the secret supplementary protocol of 1939, or in people’s minds. Today’s date serves to remind us that in order to have lasting peace in Europe, we may never again make agreements that violate international law and come at the cost of third parties.

domain: history


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Not sure if I'll have time to finish the summary tonight, but in any case, here are some highlights:
- naked Mo with a crowbar vs. orcs
- Michelangelorc slain and new orcs christened in blood
- scouting by the scout
- the Lord of Spite sought out and attacked
- and another Wish used up.
It was a lot of fun, hopefully I can get it all down on the blog tonight.

domain: hobby


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My home is my happy place. The deck, my oasis. This past year has been riddled with challenges. It has been difficult for the entire world. In a variety of ways, for one reason or another, we have all been grieving. There has been a pervasive sense of loss that has blanketed humankind and with that, the unsettling emotions that continuously feed the question, “Where do we go from here?” For me, the answers have been slow to reveal themselves. As the days have passed and emotions have tirelessly vacillated from one extreme to the other, it has become increasingly important for me to center myself by looking for the beauty in my surroundings. For me to survive – to flourish – it is critical that I pause, take the time to breathe, and appreciate life in all its forms. I look to nature, I acknowledge the beauty, and I seek the light.
As I watched the sun rise in the summer sky, I wandered to the smooth wooden bench we carefully selected in memory of my mom. I sat in the cozy little corner surrounded by magnificent blossoms and slowly wiped my brow as a beautiful hummingbird flittered nearby. I had just spent the better part of an hour watering flowers, pruning plants, and checking for new growth, so I welcomed the break. As my eyes took in the panoramic view, I could not help but smile. Everywhere I looked, my eyes were met with beautifully abundant life in its simplest forms. Miniature tomatoes were beginning to sprout, bell peppers were developing into weighty little delights, and the herbs - an olfactory buffet! We lovingly restored and strategically placed the baker’s rack that belonged to my mom in a corner of the deck. Each shelf supported containers holding a variety of herbs. Cilantro, rosemary, lemon thyme, parsley, oregano, chives, and basil. All delicious treats for the senses that permeated the air and awakened the creative spirit.
A fluttering of wings, completely absent of sound, caught my attention. I shifted my gaze and discovered a butterfly effortlessly moving from flower to flower. I sighed peacefully as I watched the graceful flight. The entire perimeter of the deck was decorated by voluminous blooms cascading over the edge. Brilliant hues of fuchsia, orange, and white excitedly reached to meet the sun-kissed blooms rising from below. The eager tendrils firmly gripped the trellises and supported the amber, white, and coral blossoms as they began their exploratory ascent. The wheat-colored plumes on the ornamental grasses swayed in the gentle breeze, and the deep green fern gently waved its delicate fronds. The entire scene was brilliant. The choreography superb. I closed my eyes and breathed deeply. The warmth of the summer sun spread across my shoulders and brought comfort to my soul.
In the distance, I could hear the musical laughter of the children at the park, the joyous squeal of the curious puppy in the neighboring yard, and the rhythmic pulsation of sprinklers hydrating the lush green lawns. It was a beautiful symphony. I sighed, opened my eyes, and made eye contact with an exquisite robin who set up housekeeping on the top shelf of the baker’s rack. She was securely nestled between the oregano and the chives, and she cautiously observed my every move. Day after day, she sat patiently on her three little eggs. I did what I could to reassure her, and we both looked forward to the hatching of her little chicks.
The placement of this nest is quite meaningful to me. Year after year, my mom sat on her patio and talked to the winged creatures as they constructed their nests. She spoke to them in soothing tones, and they shared with her the joy of new life. Despite her absence, it seemed fitting this pattern would continue with her baker’s rack being their residence of choice. Some might argue this is simply nature doing what it does. But this idea, the continuation of a life-giving tradition, nourishes my soul. It honors her memory and contributes to my healing in a profound way. I once again closed my eyes, lifted my face to the sun, and smiled. In that moment, a complete sense of well-being filled my heart, and I felt her presence. A gentle breeze caressed my face, and I could almost hear her whisper, “You’re going to be alright.”
Copyright Linda Seiford, Ph.D.


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in the news | LAST UPDATED : Sep 19, 2017, 11.35PM IST
- Two trains derail at the same spot within 10 hours in UP
The engine of a goods train jumped the tracks near Sitapur Cantt station around 7.10 am on Tuesday at the exact same spot in Sitapur city in the district where the 54322 Burhwl- Balamau passenger train derailed around 9:40 pm on Monday, spokesperson of North Eastern Railway Alok Srivastava said.
- Sonam Kapoor reveals she has signed two new films
Sonam Kapoor is a busy bee these days. After wrapping up work on the Twinkle Khanna production 'Padman' and filming her part in the Sanjay Dutt biopic, the National Award winning actress has begun work on her third project co-starring Kareena Kapoor and Swara Bhaskar titled 'Veere Di Wedding'.

domain: news


The benefits of smartphones and tablets are numerous. However, we’re living in a no-handed generation. Everywhere you look, hands are occupied by a device of some kind. If these habits keep up, evolution will run its course and our hands will disappear from lack of use. Apple probably didn’t think their iPhone would have such an impact but alas, it did. Fortunately, one startup is leading the battle to take back our hands with their new device.
MEET THE WORLD’S FIRST CEILING MOUNT FOR APPLE IPHONE
The aptly named “SkyFloat” is the world’s first hands-free, mid-air ceiling mount for your phone and or tablet. Now, families can sit together in harmony as their Apple iPhone or iPad floats effortlessly in front of them. Hence, freeing their hands up for activities. If you think this is a brilliant idea, you’re not alone.
APPLE FANS FREAK OUT OVER FLYING IPHONE
Judging by their reactions, people really love the floating Apple iPhone. One fan even went as far to say she can think of 10 different things to do now that her hands are free. 10. This is only the beginning of the hands-free revolution. We’ve been without them for too long now and frankly, we’re starting to lose touch with reality. Now that drones are delivering our pizza and cars are driving themselves, our hands are basically useless. Hopefully, the SkyFloat brings some much-needed inspiration.
FLYING APPLE IPHONE AND ITS MANY USES
For those that can’t think of any ideas of what to use this for, here are a few. What do you normally do when looking at a recipe? The days of old-fashioned books are long gone so we resort to putting out devices on the counter with us. For anyone who’s ever cooked, you know that your hands get a little messy. That mess then transfers to your device. Hence, disturbing your vision and potentially ruining dinner. A ruined dinner means starving family and suddenly, you’re a bad mother or father. That’s just one possible outcome you can avoid with a SkyFloat. Join the hands-free revolution.


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Like this color combo. Is that Cayenne pepper? What’s the blue named?
Question: does it get easier to pick up stitches when one becomes more accomplished? I have been knitting for one year. Picking up stitches and knitting is hard for me. Plain old garter is pretty easy. My square kinda looks like a beginner knitted it. But it was knitted with love and I do believe that’s what really matters.
Thanks - they were lovely colors to work with! The aqua is called Teal Haze, and the red is Red Hot Passion - ooolala!!!
Your block looks wonderful - and you are right, it is the love that goes into it that makes the block!
Your square is perfect!
I think it looks wonderful, Jan–when you block this, it will even out remarkably!
And as for picking up stitches, it does get easier, because for me, anyway, I got better at “reading” my knitting, so I could tell where to pick up the stitch more easily.
Way to go!
Try it and see! It may be Christmassy, and then again, it may not. I guess it does depend on what the other squares are up to.
I knit faster when I’m running out of yarn!
Thanks!! I bought my yarn online and it was difficult to pick colors, so names help me!
Thanks!! I am a little disappointed, but not enough to rip it out. I’ll do better on the next square.
Who says Albany can’t get anything done? (joke mostly for me- after I’ve been sitting with a broken computer for 2 days because nobody’s gotten to my ticket yet. If we didn’t laugh…)
It’ll be in the mail Friday!
I have a sock to knit, so I’ll wait. Unless I finish and can’t deal with knit-less hands!
Finished, blocked and in the mail! Thank you Karen, for all of your hard work and for offering me the opportunity to help. It’s a good feeling!
You are right, if it,s made with love who cares if it’s not perfect.After all only the goddess is perfect, it is something to aim for not necessarily to achieve and think of the textile adventures you can have on the way!
Two rows from completing second block which used the reverse colors of the first. Wait a minute, there is something wrong here. Still wondering what planet I was on for most of this knitting journey.
A Pentagon? Perhaps a whole new blanket idea!
Ya gotta love this. Somewhere Elizabeth Zimmerman is nodding her approval…you have unvented the mitered cross!
p.s.: Actually you have unvented something else from a mitered cross. And the more I look, the more I like!
LOL😁 It would make a great throw pillow to go with one of the blankets👍
Don’t rip this out!! It’s fabulous. Gonna create a ripple effect of new shapes.
I’M BACK!!! Wow! This vacation has been fabulous. I feel like a million bucks and cannot remember the last time I was this relaxed. I am in East Hampton now in a cottage with two wonderful dogs, tomatoes in the garden and an outdoor shower! It’s heaven.
As I mentioned before, there are many tales to tell but first I’ll take a run through the comments and make sure that everyone got what they needed.
@webb.ann.b What a generous offer! If no one takes you up on it, I will let you know what the plan is for joining the squares. I need to lay them all out first to see where we are.
@pdxknitterati I would go with the red. I think it would look very pretty. But you do what works for you. By the way, you are not the only one playing yarn chicken here! There have been a lot of close calls and last minute decisions going on over on my email. Now I want this
@jangrimmer Picking up stitches does get easier the more you do it but after all these years, I still get a cheap thrill when I get it right. If you’re anything like me, there’s always some dishcloth cotton in my bag (I’ve created some monsters with hand knit washcloths–they’re always in demand) and make a log cabin wash cloth. The cotton is crisper than this yarn and makes it much easier to see what you’re doing. You’re square is lovely. I’m on a brown and blue (or green, or yellow, or pink) kick these days and you’re combo is delightful! Please don’t rip it out! This is part of our journey!! P.S. Your toes look nice! Love the color.
@Ann1 Thanks for jumping in to help! I got to spend a little time with Kay this week (she can vouch for how ridiculously relaxed I am) and now I feel like I got to spend some time with you too!
@chiarraigrrl Loving the blue and the purple. They’re fabulous!
@ncpinn I have to admit that I laughed out loud when I saw your “square”. Seriously, I had to actually put my finger on the screen to count the sides because I couldn’t believe what I was seeing. There is nothing wrong at all there–simply “differently mitered.” @kcknits You are correct. It will make a really fun throw pillow! I have the urge to try to knit one of those too!
To everyone else who commented and supported each other–you are wonderful! A friend of mine once described a group of women working together as a flock of geese migrating. Although it appears that there is a head goose in their triangle formation, that’s not quite true. When the lead goose takes a break, another goose naturally moves into that space and keeps the team on track. I honestly had no idea how badly I needed this break. I can’t remember the last time I took a block of time off like this. Max Daniels should be very proud of me. Interestingly, I have received so many gifts along the way that were unexpected and delightful so this has not just been about giving myself a reboot but has also become a study in gratitude.
I am most grateful to all of you for coming on this journey with me!


You're wrapping up production on a song and getting into the mix. Things are sounding pretty good, but when you demo your song on another set of speakers, the volumes all seem wrong. The vocals are too quiet, the snare is too loud, and you didn't realize how much a backing instrument was popping out of the mix. It doesn't just make your mix sound a little off. It makes your mix sound weak.
All of us want our mixes to translate. We want our mixes to be solid, and well-represented on every…Read more


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Carley + Collin’s Santucci Farm wedding was a colorful dream of a wedding!
Associate photographer: Michele Equitz
Second shooter: Kristian Richards
Venue: Santucci Farm
Florist: Melissa Brown / Simply Flowers
Coordinator: Jenny Walling
Cakes/Desserts: Alexandra’s Macarons
Hair: Kylie Carlson
Makeup: Ashley Holland
Lexi + Michael’s wedding at The Admiral’s House a few weeks ago was an absolute dream. Lexi’s classic yet modern bridal style paired so beautifully with her whimsical florals and the joy radiating on everyone’s faces. The venue’s hydrangea’s were in full bloom and the water view of Downtown Seattle was mesmerizing. I can’t wait to share more from it soon!
Nestled amongst a canopy of cedar trees, Krista and Sam exchanged their vows in a whimsical + intimate ceremony at The Kingston House. The 1962 mid-century home provided the perfect backdrop to get ready in and the reception was filled with Krista’s creative and intentional touch. As the Owner of Bake Shop, she & Sam, the Co-Owner and General Manager of Ballard FC, had a very specific vision of the day being whimsical + intimate and they executed it effortlessly. The entire day was filled with warmth and love, it was truly magical!
Take a look at Krista + Sam’s full day here
Summer mini-sessions are here! I’m doing things a little differently this year and offering all of my summer mini-session dates up front. You can sign up for a date here!
Sunday, May 21 - SOLD OUT
Saturday, June 17 - SOLD OUT
Sunday, July 9 - SOLD OUT
Friday, July 14
Saturday, July 29
Saturday, August 12
Saturday, Sept 30 - SOLD OUT
Discovery Park | $400 | 30 minutes | 20 images of your choice
I hope to see you there!
Wow, 2021 is flying by. I’ve had my head down for most of this year focusing on this wedding season as my couples have been a mix of those who postponed their 2020 weddings and others who didn’t. It’s been extra important to me that this season go off without a hitch considering the year they/we all just had (and continue to have).
Alexandra + Evan got their dream wedding last weekend at Sander’s Estate and it was a magical garden dream. I couldn’t wait to share a few images (even though I’m still working on their full gallery) so here’s a sneak peek!
I’m so thankful for each couple who lets me + my camera join in their big day! I can’t believe this summer is almost over!
It’s rumored that 2022 is going to be the busiest wedding season yet so please reach out if you’re in the midst of planning your wedding. I’d love to be a part of it!
Since this summer is looking a bit different than expected, I’m offering portrait sessions all summer long!! If your family is in need of updated portraits (Christmas card season is right around the corner), if you’re a couple celebrating a milestone or a small business owner in need of updated imagery, I’d love to work together!
Aug 8 & 9, Oct 3 & 4
30 minutes | Locations TBD | 15 images
Custom Portrait Sessions
30-90 minutes | Location & date of your choice | all the best images delivered (typically 50-100)
Due to Covid-19, I will be implementing new precautions to ensure zero contact with your loved ones, including mask wearing (for me) and social distancing. In addition, my mini-session slots are spaced out wider than previous years to ensure families don’t come in contact with each other and deposits are 100% refundable.
This wedding was one for the books! Hannah described it as “classic elegance with a twist!” They went for a “secret garden” in the city vibe inspired by the romance & colors of Dutch floral still life paintings. I couldn’t have been more in love with every single detail and color!! Hannah did all the DIY herself, including the beautiful seating chart board. What a gorgeous day!
See Hannah + Alex’s full blog here!
This weekend marked my first wedding of the season and it couldn’t have been more stunning! The couple welcomed their guests into Downtown Seattle where they said their vows in the greenhouse at Loews Hotel 1000 surrounded by a sea of cherry blossoms and hellebores. It was breathtaking.
Congratulations Dana + Chris!
This sweet and playful nursery is featured in Seattle Met Magazine this month! Cassandra LaValle of Coco+Kelley and her work-wife, Sara Adrienne, owner of South Seattle restaurant, Homer designed this sweet nursery for Sara’s baby. These two are an unstoppable duo - combining vintage charm (hello, amazing boho rug!) with classic accents from Serena & Lily. Baby Simone even made a guest appearance to her shoot (we aimed at scheduling it before her due-date) but she couldn’t resist joining the party!
Read more over at Coco+Kelley’s blog!


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ON THIS PAGE: You will find a drawing of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Use the menu to see other pages.
For medical illustrations showing the different stages of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, please visit the Stages and Grades section.
The next section in this guide is Risk Factors and Prevention. It explains what factors may increase the chance of developing these cancers and what people can do to lower their risk. You may use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide.

domain: medical


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BUILDING A DREAM HOME ON A BUDGET: Interior & textile designer, Caitlin Wilson, shares the process of designing and building her own home exclusively with Domino. Follow along from month to month as she divulges trade secrets, sources, and tips on how to get the most bang for your buck on a new build or renovation.
You've searched for months and the real estate market has nothing listed matching your ideal home. You've now decided to take a major step and build your dream home. Whether you're building the home yourself or hiring a contractor to do the heavy lifting, a checklist of must-dos keeps the home building process moving along on an even pace. The checklist keeps everyone sane until the building inspector certifies the home as move-in ready.
How Much House Can I Afford? Insider Tips and Home Affordability Calculator
Free Download! How Much House Can I Afford Worksheet - Compares Your Personal Budget, Conventional Financing, FHA, and even VA and USDA home loan options! Discover if you can obtain the home loan you desire.
The decision to build a new home is one of the most significant choices a person will make in their lifetime. With thousands of choices to be made along the way, the home building process can bring be unnerving. However, with the right amount... #buildinginformation #floorplans #homedesigns