- A recent study found that 27% of surveyed marine protected areas (MPAs) were likely “paper parks” that fail to confer real ecological protection.
- There are different kinds of paper parks, including those with overly permissive rules and those where the rules are not followed or enforced.
- Discussions among conservationists have turned to how to “flip” paper parks to make them more effective. This can require changing park rules, often only through sustained pressure on governments, or improvements in MPA management, which can be costly.
- It’s a crucial time for figuring out how to make MPAs more effective; in December, nearly 200 countries signed a landmark agreement to conserve 30% of Earth’s land and sea by 2030, committing to more than triple MPA coverage within seven years.
Dogger Bank, a sandbank in the North Sea the size of Washington state, was designated a marine protected area more than decade ago to conserve its sensitive seabed habitat. Yet for most of that time, industrial fishing vessels legally dragged damaging gear across the seabed, prompting NGOs to cite it as one of Europe’s emblematic “paper parks,” where the designation of MPA had not led to substantive change.
Last year, it finally got some real protection: The U.K. government banned bottom-towed fishing, including bottom trawling, a destructive fishing practice, in its section of Dogger Bank, which accounts for two-thirds of the MPA.
“We saw that you could flip from being protected only on paper to being protected in reality,” Thomas Rammelt told Mongabay by phone. Last year Rammelt co-founded the Doggerland Foundation, a Dutch NGO that works on North Sea conservation and has spearheaded discussions on “flipping” parks.
It’s a crucial time for figuring how to make MPAs more effective. At the COP15 U.N. biodiversity summit in December, nearly 200 countries signed a landmark agreement to conserve 30% of Earth’s land and sea by 2030 (“30×30”). If they follow through, this will more than triple MPA coverage within seven years, as current global coverage is less than 10%.
But the hard part is making sure MPAs offer actual ecological protection and socioeconomic benefits. There are already plenty of paper parks around the world that do neither; in many cases, there’s not even a management plan in place or staff ensuring the rules are followed. A study released in May found that 27% of surveyed MPAs were likely paper parks, and the lead author told Mongabay that’s a conservative estimate — the global percentage is probably higher.
There are different kinds of paper parks, including those with overly permissive rules like Dogger Bank had and those where the rules are not followed or enforced. Experts say flipping them requires changes to park rules, as happened in the U.K. only after NGOs sustained pressure on the government, or improvements in MPA management.
When the rules are too permissive
Dogger Bank is a shallow sandbank where upwellings create a uniquely biodiverse ecosystem that supports North Sea food webs, including seabird populations. However, commercial interests have made species there into the basis of industrial food webs. Dutch- and Danish-owned vessels target amino acid-rich fish called sand eels for use as feed in raising pigs and fish. They also heavily target flatfish for human consumption. The vessels use bottom trawling or demersal seining gear, both of which have now been banned in the British section of Dogger Bank, but continue to be used in the Dutch and German sections.
Initially, all three countries were members of the European Union, and followed EU protocols that turned their Dogger Bank areas into “Sites of Community Importance” by 2012 and, later, “Special Areas of Conservation” — types of MPAs.
In the EU, MPA designation doesn’t automatically mean an area gets new, stricter fisheries rules. Protections are limited by Article 11 of the Common Fisheries Policy, which states that any country with a “direct management interest” in a fishery that’s affected by a proposed conservation measure — such as banning trawling in an MPA — can have a say in the policy, potentially blocking any change.
Article 11 is “debilitating EU conservation policy,” Rammelt said. “How can you negotiate a 100% closure of an MPA if you are negotiating with another country’s fisheries industry? It’s impossible.”
Rammelt and Doggerland co-founder Emilie Reuchlin spent years on Dogger Bank negotiations while working for other NGOs, but said they felt industry influence made securing meaningful protection difficult.
“[F]inally you see after many years of negotiating that not much protection is achieved and you scratch your head and say, ‘what can I do next,’” Rammelt said.
Reuchlin told Mongabay she favors holding governments to account to uphold treaties and laws, including the 30×30 agreement and the EU Habitats Directive. This means using legal means when necessary, she said.
This approach helped her allies succeed in the U.K., where, as Brexit was nearing finalization, NGOs worked together to build the legal and public-opinion case to ban bottom-towed fishing in Dogger Bank.
In 2020, U.K.-based Blue Marine Foundation sent a series of communiqués to the U.K. government, essentially threatening to sue if the government did not protect Dogger Bank. The group also partnered with other organizations to produce a scientific assessment of fishing activities in the MPA that showed bottom-towed fishing had adverse effects on the site’s habitat and species.
In June 2020, Greenpeace’s U.K. branch sent a sailboat around the sandbank area for two weeks and ran across 19 industrial trawlers. “They [the trawlers] should have absolutely no place in a marine protected area, especially one like Dogger Bank because the seabed is what was meant to be protected,” Chris Thorne, a Greenpeace oceans campaigner, told Mongabay.
Then, Thorne and his team took action: They dropped 34 boulders into the sea at strategic locations to create an underwater barrier against trawling the U.K. section of Dogger Bank. They got support from celebrities and politicians from all major parties, some of whose names were painted on the boulders.
Late that year, international marine conservation NGO Oceana, with support from other organizations, began pressuring the U.K. government to protect all its offshore MPAs, including Dogger Bank.
In February 2021, the U.K. government announced a proposal to regulate trawling on Dogger Bank. However, after one year, no such plans had been finalized, so Blue Marine Foundation made a more formal legal threat. Then, just as the NGO was about to follow up with an actual lawsuit, in April 2022, the U.K. government instituted the complete bottom-towed fishing ban in Dogger Bank, as well as partial bans in three other MPAs.
Thorne said he believes the boulder drops were key.
“It really captured media and public attention,” he said. “It really pushed the issue of MPAs up the political agenda, a boost it really did need.”
The ban on trawling in the British section of Dogger Bank had an immediate impact, with apparent activity reduced to nearly zero, indicating strong compliance.
More large-scale “flips” remain possible in the U.K. and Europe. The U.K. is currently considering bottom-towed fishing gear restrictions for dozens more offshore MPAs with sensitive seabed habitats, and plans to implement new rules by next year. This would be a marked shift in a country where as of 2019 bottom trawling occurred in 97% of MPAs, according to findings reported in The Guardian.
Meanwhile, in February, the European Commission released an action plan calling for a ban on bottom trawling in all EU MPAs by 2030 — a potentially monumental step. However, the action plan is not binding and faces strong opposition. NGOs are also petitioning EU nations to enact such bans in their own waters immediately.
When the rules aren’t followed
Dogger Bank is an offshore MPA with no small-scale fishers or coastal communities with livelihoods immediately at stake, so the NGO focus is fully on ecological protection. Many paper parks, especially in the Global South, face more complex situations, with people living in and around them or industrial actors that aren’t forced to follow the rules.
NGOs have largely moved away from “fortress” conservation that strictly protects an area from human disturbance, and tried to engage local people in the management of MPAs. Ideally, this is done from the beginning, so there’s no need to try for a “flip” later on, experts say.
“If you don’t already include all stakeholders in that first [design] phase, how would you expect that everyone would respect those regulations?” Verónica Relaño, head of Somos Oceanos, a marine conservation organization working in countries such as Argentina, told Mongabay. Relaño led the aforementioned study finding a 27% paper park rate as a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia.
“So everything for me starts in the first phase,” she said, adding that “flipping” is still a good option for existing parks.
Small-scale fishers in or around MPAs may need alternative livelihoods to reduce economic pressure to break MPA rules, Jo Albers, an environmental economist at the University of Wyoming who researches MPA economics, mostly in low-income countries, told Mongabay.
There haven’t been many economics studies of how MPAs function best in low-income settings, Albers said. “Instead it’s just assumed that there’ll be perfect compliance,” she said.
Better compliance requires not just community engagement but also enforcement, which can be expensive, she said, and most countries just don’t have the necessary resources.
That’s especially true considering that enforcement problems often can’t be solved solely at the community level. In parts of Africa, industrial vessels, some foreign-owned, regularly violate the rules of inshore exclusion zones, a type of MPA reserved for small-scale fishers. And the problem isn’t exclusive to the Global South. The European Mediterranean also faces systemic violations of rules prohibiting bottom trawling in MPAs, undermining conservation efforts.
Good governance and anti-corruption efforts are needed to tackle these issues, experts say. Local small-scale fishers often support reforms, and voice their desire for increased enforcement to NGOs or government actors, Antonio Di Cintio, a doctoral student in marine areas management at the University of Pisa in Italy, told Mongabay. Di Cintio led a recent literature review indicating that strong enforcement, along with stakeholder involvement and good communication, is key to creating an effectively managed park.
“They say, ‘Please help us get rid of industrial fishing that keeps doing big, big damage,’” he said.
What’s paper and what’s real?
Internationally, there’s no standardized method for evaluating MPAs or determining whether an MPA is a paper park. In 2021, scientists representing some three dozen institutions teamed up to develop a system called the MPA Guide, explaining it in a paper in the journal Science. They advocated grading MPAs on a four-part scale with regard to potentially harmful activities such as fishing or dredging: “minimally protected,” “lightly protected,” “highly protected” and “fully protected.”
How widely the MPA Guide or another system will be taken up remains to be seen. A dizzying array of ecological and socioeconomic factors makes standardizing impact assessments difficult, experts say.
“With conservation, it’s large areas, it’s many people, it’s not this controlled environment,” said Albers, the economist.
Yet activists aren’t sitting still in places where they believe the case for more conservation is clear.
“We simply don’t have time to sit around the table and talk for 10 or 15 years,” Reuchlin of Doggerland said.
Aburto-Oropeza, O., Erisman, B., Galland, G. R., Mascareñas-Osorio, I., Sala, E., & Ezcurra, E. (2011). Large recovery of fish biomass in a no-take marine reserve. PLOS ONE, 6(8), e23601. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023601
Albers, H. J., & Ashworth, M. F. (2022). Economics of marine protected areas: Assessing the literature for marine protected area network expansions. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 14, 533-554. doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-024652
Di Cintio, A., Niccolini, F., Scipioni, S., & Bulleri, F. (2023). Avoiding “paper parks”: A global literature review on socioeconomic factors underpinning the effectiveness of marine protected areas. Sustainability, 15(5), 4464. doi:10.3390/su15054464
Grorud-Colvert, K., Sullivan-Stack, J., Roberts, C., Constant, V., Horta e Costa, B., Pike, E. P., … Lubchenco, J. (2021). The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean. Science, 373(6560), eabf0861. doi:10.1126/science.abf0861
Oberle, F. K., Storlazzi, C. D., & Hanebuth, T. J. (2016). What a drag: Quantifying the global impact of chronic bottom trawling on continental shelf sediment. Journal of Marine Systems, 159, 109-119. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.12.007
Relaño, V., & Pauly, D. (2023). The ‘Paper Park Index’: Evaluating marine protected area effectiveness through a global study of stakeholder perceptions. Marine Policy, 151, 105571. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105571
Relaño, V., Mak, T., Ortiz, S., & Pauly, D. (2022). Stakeholder perceptions can distinguish ‘paper parks’ from marine protected areas. Sustainability, 14(15), 9655. doi:10.3390/su14159655
Soemodinoto, A., & Pedju, M. (2022). Evaluability assessment of Indonesian marine conservation areas for management effectiveness evaluation. Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 27(1), 61-72. doi:10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.61-72
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Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa
GCC seeking new regional security plan
New York, October 1, 2013
The GCC seeks to consolidate a new concept of regional security emphasising the geopolitical dimension of the region, Bahrain's Foreign Minister said as he delivered a key address at the United Nations (UN) yesterday.
Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa outlined the strategy as he addressed world leaders at the 68th session of the General Assembly in New York, reported the Gulf Daily News, our sister publication.
He said "orderly advancement towards progress and development" required making use of developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), as well as addressing issues relating to security, the environment, natural resources and population.
The new concept of regional safety would take into account security as it relates to humanitarian needs, food, water and the existing coalitions linking it to friendly countries through a number of strategic and historic agreements, he said.
"Emphasis will be placed on human security, food and water security, enhancing dialogue and promoting the culture of peace, friendship and mutual respect," he added.
He outlined the three key pillars of that strategy as being regional GCC partnerships; upholding the principles of good neighbourliness (including non-intervention in the internal affairs of other countries, abiding by international law and its instruments, and peaceful co-existence) and realising the aspirations of the people.
"Foremost among these is the raising the standards of living, peace and security, respect for human rights through pluralism, democracy and participation of all in a continued dialogue that takes into account the cultural values of the society and the stages of political, economic, social and cultural developments of its peoples," he said.
The minister pledged Bahrain would continue to engage national and international organisations in an ongoing dialogue, but said this process must take place "in a spirit of co-operation, not confrontation".
He added Bahrain's primary goal was "sparing humanity from the scourges of war, conflicts and disasters".
As such, Shaikh Khalid called for the establishment of a zone free of Weapons of Mass Destruction, including nuclear weapons, in the Middle East.
"We reiterate here the necessity of convening the international conference on establishing a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East, which had initially been foreseen to be held in 2012 in accordance with the resolution of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference of May 2010," he said.
"We reaffirm our utter rejection of terrorism, extremism and violence in all their manifestations and forms, irrespective of their reasons, justifications or sources, along with our condemnation of all terrorist acts threatening regional peace and stability.
"We also note the need to inscribe organisations such as the Lebanese Hezbollah on the international list of terrorist organisations in view of their criminal acts aimed at terrorising peaceful civilians and generating instability and chaos."
Meanwhile, he called for Iran to stop meddling in the internal affairs of other countries.
"As we face this challenge, we look forward to a new language, a positive discourse and tangible initiatives from the Islamic Republic of Iran, capable of ending tensions and instability in the region and contributing to confidence building, co-operation and the establishment of friendly relations based on good neighborliness and mutual interests," he said.
Meanwhile, the Foreign Minister highlighted the need to finally find a solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the "need to reach a just, permanent and comprehensive solution that guarantees the rights of the Palestinian people".
"To face this challenge, we have the benefit of an important opportunity: the Arab Peace Initiative launched by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz, and endorsed by the Arab Summit in Beirut in 2002," he said.
"We still adhere to that initiative as an important opportunity for peace, security and a bright future for the Palestinian and Israeli people on the basis of co-existence, co-operation and good neighborliness between the Arab states and Israel."
He offered Bahrain's full backing to efforts by US Secretary of State John Kerry to resume the peace process.
"We look forward to a halt to the oppression of Palestinians, the lifting of the blockade of Gaza and an end to the building of settlements so as to provide an environment conducive to the success of these good offices," he said.
"We welcome the position taken by the European Union by refusing to acknowledge the legitimacy of Israeli settlements that occupies Palestinian territory and suspending any transaction with them."
During his speech, Shaikh Khalid also condemned all forms of terrorism, including a terrorist attack on a mall in Nairobi, Kenya, which he described as an "act of cowardice".
He also outlined Bahrain's commitment to achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 "as a top priority", while stating the country stood "side by side" with Egypt "in its efforts to achieve stability and security".
"We also reiterate our principled position of unwavering solidarity with the sisterly kingdom of Morocco with regard to its territorial integrity and the solution of the Western Sahara problem in accordance with the relevant Security Council resolutions," he said. – TradeArabia News Service


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domain: medical


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October 2017 High-frequency electrical stimulation of neurons deep in the brain can reduce rats’ relapse-like behavior and motivation to take heroin. The finding strengthens hope that deep brain stimulation might offer a new treatment alternative for opioid addiction, particularly for patients who have not benefited from other treatments.
December 2010 Reports findings from a survey that revealed that although substance abuse is prevalent in jails and prisons, many correctional facilities do not offer detoxification services or therapies to aid in maintaining abstinence.
September 2013 Dr. Marilyn Huestis of NIDA’s Intramural Research Program talks about conducting research on drug effects with human subjects, developing tests to help law enforcement identify drugged drivers, and an assay to help identify children whose prenatal exposure to anti-HIV drugs may put them at risk for adverse developmental outcomes.
May 2016 Treatment that combines use of Bp/Nx and memantine may enable young adults addicted to opioids establish lasting abstinence after a relatively brief course of medication-assisted therapy, a pilot trial suggests.
Intensified screening for HIV among injection drug users receiving opioid agonist therapy could prevent more than twice as many new infections as current screening practice. A recent study based on mathematical modeling found that screening every 6 months instead of annually, and adding viral RNA testing to the currently used HIV antibody testing, could improve both effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
July 2012 Fewer than 12 percent of adolescents who meet diagnostic criteria for prescription opioid abuse or dependence receive any treatment, according to an analysis of data from the 2005 to 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The most common reason the adolescents gave for not receiving treatment was their lack of perceived need for it.

domain: psychology


Bengaluru: The Vikram Lander of Chandrayaan 2 is found in “a single piece” and in a “tilted position”, according to ISRO officials on Monday.
The ISRO said the lander is lying on the lunar surface after a hard-landing. Vikram, with rover ‘Pragyan’ housed inside it, hit the lunar surface after communication with the ground-stations was lost during its final descent, just 2.1 km above the lunar surface, in the early hours of Saturday.
An ISRO official associated with the mission claimed on Monday: “It had a hard-landing very close to the planned (touch-down) site as per the images sent by the on-board camera of the orbiter. The lander is there as a single piece, not broken into pieces. It’s in a tilted position”.
“We are making all-out efforts to see whether communication can be re-established with the lander,” the official said.
The mission life of the lander and rover is one Lunar day, which is equal to 14 earth days. ISRO Chairman K Sivan had said on Saturday that the space agency would try to restore link with the lander for 14 days.


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East Coast Wings + Grill made serious development headway in the greater Charlotte area this year. Responding to increased demand, the full-service restaurant franchise opened its Indian Trail location in June, Waxhaw in July and third location under construction in Steel Creek. With an additional location in Denver, North Carolina, projected to open by the end of 2018.
Headquartered in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, the company plans to continue development throughout Charlotte, with an abundance of business opportunity south and west of the sixteen-county region. With first-hand knowledge of the area, and after months of strategic research, East Coast Wings + Grill predicts success in the Charlotte area with plans to add additional locations over the next few years.
The family-friendly franchise is known for its wide variety of nationally award-winning chicken wing flavors available in a range of heat indexes and made-to-order with fresh ingredients. ECW+G also features a carefully crafted menu that includes burgers, skillets, flatbreads and kids meals.
“As we continue to grow and evolve our brand, our franchisees understand our commitment to reducing costs and protecting their investment while maintaining the integrity of the brand,” says CEO Sam Ballas. “Expanding throughout Charlotte is no different. We want more neighborhoods to experience the way our franchisees elevate the dine-in and carry out experience with purpose.”
East Coast Wings + Grill was named one of The Top 200 Food and Restaurant Franchises of 2018 in the annual list by Entrepreneur Magazine. The prestigious list, organized by individual food categories, placed ECW+G at No. 20 in the Full-Service Restaurant sector.
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National Heritage Week 2023: Spectral Mansions: Henrietta Street and the making of a Dublin tenement Book LaunchNewsStoriesTeatime Talks
Published 31 August 2023
14 Henrietta Street presents Teatime Talks a series of talks inspired by the history and people of 14 Henrietta Street.
Historians Tim Murtagh and David Dickson were in conversation with Donal Fallon on the transformation of Henrietta Street from an elite residential enclave to a hub of legal learning before the street's eventual transformation to tenements from the 1870s. The event was organised in partnership with Dublin City Council Heritage Office to celebrate the launch of Tim’s new book Spectral Mansions, Henrietta Street and the Making of a Dublin Tenement, 1800 – 1914, which was part funded by the Heritage Council.
Dr. Tim Murtagh's book Spectral Mansions: The making of a Dublin Tenement, 1800-1914 is available in our bookshop and online here.


text: The best combination of flavors and textures I tried till now. In a cheesecake of course. It’s delicate, with a hint of marzipan and the same time not too sweet. Also really fast to prepare so a very good option for people suffering from chronical shortage of time (like me ;)). This recipe comes from here. Enjoy!


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Experience the unique combination of quality ingredients and flavorful seasonings that make our Mr. Cheesebread's pao de queijo delicious. Try all flavors and you'll understand why our bread is so irresistible!
Meet the founders
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Pressure Sensor -14.5 PSI (-1 Bar) to 30 PSI (2 Bar) with NMEA2000 interface is best used for RACOR Filters.
The Sensor outputs standard NMEA2000 PGN. As a result, any NMEA2000 system or Multi Function Display (MFD) that supports standard NMEA2000 pressure PGNs, can read the sensor’s values. Custom alarms and warnings for the status of your fuel filter are available if the sensors are used with Pulse Vessel Monitoring and alarm system.
Best suitable for measuring vacuum between RACOR fuel filers and engine. InIt If the vacuum increase, it will be indication of the fuel filters getting contaminated. Instead of going to the engine room to look at your RACOR mechanical gauge, this sensor will bring the information directly to your Multi Function Display (MFD) or even better to your Pulse Vessel Monitoring and alarm system. Simple to plumb and install on a “Tee” next to your mechanical RACOR gauge.
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- Hydraulic Pressure
- Filter Pressure
- Altimeter Pressure
- Oil Pressure
- Fuel Pressure


text:
Camera and case, Retina IIIc, metal/ plastic/ glass/ leather, manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company, Germany, 1954-1957
Dr. August Nagel had directed operations at German camera maker Contessa Nettel before its merger with Zeiss-Ikon. According to Zeiss Historica (www.zeisshistorica.org), Dr. Nagel provided the framework for the Super Ikonta family of medium-format cameras before leaving the company to form his own camera factory, Nagel Camerwerks in Stuttgart.
In 1931, Kodak bought Nagel Camerawerks, renaming it Kodak A.G., and allowed Dr. Nagel to continue to oversee production and camera design for his American owners. Nagel produced several pre-Retina cameras for Kodak, including the Recomar, Pupille, Vollenda and Duo 620.
Just three years later, Kodak released the first Retina in 1934 -- the Type 117. It was followed by a succession of cameras bearing the Retina name, with several major design changes.
The first Retina was perhaps one of the more-important cameras in 35mm photography for a couple of reasons.
When the Retina was introduced, Kodak also unleashed another product on the marketplace that had a much broader, longer-lasting impact on photography: the 35mm daylight-loading film cartridge. It's materially the same 35mm film cartridge that we use today. Before this, photographers had to buy precut lengths of film and load their own film cartridges using a darkroom or changing bag. It likely dissuaded the average person from using a 35mm camera.
Next, the relatively low price of the Retina camera, combined with the easy-to-use 35mm cartridge, brought photography to the masses -- a trademark of sorts for Kodak.
Until the introduction of the Retina Reflex and Retina IIIS, all of the Retinas were folding cameras. As new features were added throughout the years, the bodies grew taller and wider and heavier.
You probably can divide the folding Retinas into four distinct periods: the original Retinas, the pre-war Retinas, the post-war Retina I and II models with the square lens doors and top-mounted wind knobs and levers and the Retina b/B and c/C models. But with more than 30 Retina models, it might be a little difficult to categorize them all. And to make identification even more confusing, there were small variations within each model. Further, some models were only sold in the U.S. or European markets. And for a long period, none of the Retinas were available for retail sale in the United Kingdom, due to strict import laws. However, that didn't stop returning World War II servicemen from bringing the cameras into the country.
Dr. Nagel didn't see the Retina line through to the end. He passed away in 1943, which was just as well, because by the time the Retina name was mercifully put to rest in the 1960s, the quality and look of the last cameras that bore the Retina name had departed sharply from Dr. Nagel's original design.
Still, there is no denying that the Retina cameras forever changed 35mm photography. And Kodak and Dr. Nagel each played a significant role in having shaped the market.
In 1846 Carl Zeiss (1816-1888) started his instrument making business in a small town of Jena in Germany. He quickly became interested in optics and by 1848 was making and designing microscopes. By 1866 Zeiss realised that to expand his business he needed someone with a greater understanding of optics. Zeiss found the right person in Ernst Abbe (1840-1905) and by 1870 they had devised a new way for computing the manufacture of optical lenses which would improve performance by eradicating much of the colour and spherical distortion of the lens.
In 1879 they produced the homogenous immersion objective but the flint and crown glass which they used to make their lenses needed to be improved before they could perfect their lenses. Optical glass made from silica, soda and potash was supplied by manufacturers who used the same recipes for much of the nineteenth century. It was only after Zeiss and Abbe teamed up with the glass maker Otto Schott in 1881 that they were able to produce a better quality glass without so much of the characteristic green or yellow tinges.
In 1886 Zeiss and Abbe produced the apochromatic (achromatic) microscope lens. Consisting of ten lenses it effectively removed secondary spectra distortion and spherical aberration. Using the new glass and Abbe's formulas the Zeiss factory began producing their famed anastigmatic photography lenses in 1890. It was around this time that the Zeiss works began constructing eye pieces and objectives for telescopes.
These eyepieces were used with the 11 1/2-inch refractor telescope, and were sold by Hugo Schroeder whose name is on the label in the wooden box.
Auerbach, F., The Zeiss Works and the Carl Zeiss Foundation in Jena, W. & G., Foyle, London, England, about 1925?
By Geoff Barker, November, 2007

domain: history


The Election Commission (EC) today said that it will not stall Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s monthly radio address called ‘Mann Ki Baat’.
The decision came after the grand alliance of Bihar – Congress, JD (U) and RJD – had approached the poll panel regarding the radio address, claiming that it could influence the voters ahead of the upcoming Bihar polls.
The EC has also replied to the Information and Broadcast ministry, who had sought a clarification on the issue.
Photo credit: Indiatimes. Representative image.
Check the latest facts on Covid-19 here. Times Fact ‘India Outbreak Report’ by TIMES NETWORK and Protiviti is a comprehensive analysis that highlights the impact of the pandemic in India and projects the possible number of active cases in the weeks ahead.


text:
Parental Alienation and Three False Dichotomies
It's not always black or white.
Posted Mar 30, 2016
In my coaching practice I often come across targeted parents who fall prey to false dichotomies.
False Dichotomy # 1: The High Road and the Low Road
The first false dichotomy is the belief that the only way to respond to an alienating ex is the high road or the low road. The high road refers to refusing to ever say anything bad about the other parent to the child and the low road involves mud-slinging ugliness that will certainly backfire and cause the child to defend the alienating parent even more fervently. What this dichotomy overlooks (because it is easy to miss) is the vast number of creative ways to respond to an alienating parent that do not involve allowing oneself to be maligned and attacked by that parent (the high road) nor do they involve retaliating in kind (the low road). A number of examples are provided in my e-paper “Beyond the high road” but a few are offered here. To a parent who says something untrue to you in front of your child, you can politely and with dignity respond “I have a different memory of what happened that day” or “I see that very differently than you do.” In this way you are showing your child that there is another side to the story without engaging in specifics in front of your child, which is most likely not appropriate. You can always offer to your ex to discuss the issue some other time, so that it doesn’t look as if you are trying to avoid the details.
False Dichotomy # 2: Discipline Your Child and Lose Him/Her or Allow “Bad” Behavior
Many targeted parents fear disciplining their child because of the concern that the discipline will be experienced as “draconian” by the child and spark a refusal to visit, especially once the alienating parent gets wind of what a terrible thing that targeted parent did (such as confiscating the cell phone, grounding the child, and so forth). With the risk of loss so high, many targeted parents shy away from disciplining their child but then suffer with the guilt of not properly guiding the child and the resentment that the child has too much power in the family. This can be especially problematic if there are step-siblings who are not alienated and are treated differently. I spend a lot of time in my coaching sessions helping targeted parents figure out how to set appropriate boundaries without setting off world war 3. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but usually there is a way to address discipline issues that don’t result in the child severing the relationship. For example, you can invite your child to brainstorm consequences with you, you can offer a menu of consequence options, you can choose to not impose a consequence at all and focus instead on discussing with your child why his/her behavior was problematic for you.
False Dichotomy # 3: Receive “Justice” from the Family Court System or Feel Wronged and Exploited
If you are like many targeted parents, you may experience extreme frustration and outrage that you did not receive “justice” from the family court system. The custody evaluator may have not seen your side of the story, the judge most likely did not sanction the other parent when he or she violated the court orders, the parenting coordinator most likely cut the other parent too much slack when he or she obfuscated the issues. In my experience, if you are expecting “justice” you will forever be frustrated and angry. In my opinion, it is far better to accept the reality that the family court system is an approximation of justice that falls far short of delivering actual justice. Once you accept that reality, you can let go of some of the anger that itself can cause undue stress on your mind and body. Letting go of the anger does not mean that you think what happened was “ok” or fair, only that you accept that this is the way the world works, sometimes.
As a targeted parent, I encourage you to see beyond the black and white and find a way to live in the grey zone. That's where reality lies.


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Being many-sided is a descriptive trait for Ava-Jay. She is best at being accessible. She is famous for being lovable most of the time. She shines as being a rustic person. Some people describe Ava-Jay as a unfoolable person. She is nowhere near being a lazy person. Ava-Jay is rarely cruel. She is usually a steady person. She is not sage enough at times. One of the weak trait of Ava-Jay is being well-rounded. She is rarely a unpredicatable person. She is well known as being a colorful person. Ava-Jay is iconoclastic. She is not best at being a gracious person.
Ava-Jay’s Name Persona
Ava-Jay’s Name Statistics
Ava-Jay’s Lifetime Aura
- #36819 in top family aura list
- #44673 in top health aura list
- #71024 in top money aura list
- #93521 in top love aura list
- #147101 in top success aura list
Ava-Jay’s Daily Horoscope
Aries for Ava-Jay points at a sense of failure or that you are not measuring up to others expectations. You may be feeling overwhelmed by a problem and need some downtime. You are ready to mend past hurts and resolve feelings of self guilt or past pain. You need to keep your negative behavior in check.
Taurus for Ava-Jay points at health and longevity. You are in need for some guidance in your life. You are comparing yourself to the ex. You are digging deep into your own past and facing your fears.
Gemini for Ava-Jay points at something very personal to you. You feel it is your job to repair and put things back in order. You are feeling emotionally deprived or needy. Something is affecting your mood and attitude.
Cancer for Ava-Jay points at love, longevity and domestic bliss. You like to be the center of attention. You are drumming up business. There is something that you need to learn or incorporate into your understanding.
Leo for Ava-Jay points at important transition in life or the end of a negative habit. You are experiencing feelings of anxiety and discomfort. You may be holding back some negative feelings in your life, but they need to be expressed and let out. You are lacking a voice for your own inner child.
Virgo for Ava-Jay points at ideas or skills that you have forgotten and can draw from in a current situation. You are getting rid of the burdens that has been weighing you down. You are letting your guard down in a situation where you need to be more vigilant. You are feeling lonely, overshadowed and under-appreciated.
Libra for Ava-Jay points at your strong, negative emotions like hate, anger, etc. You feel rejected by those around you. You are one-sided in your ways of thinking. You are incorporating a little variety in your life.
Scorpio for Ava-Jay points at your tendency to jump from one thing to another without completing your initial responsibilities and tasks. There is some uncertainty in a situation that you are pursuing. There is a problem that you are trying to find an answer to. You are not ready to put in the work necessary to improve your mind or body.
Sagittarius for Ava-Jay points at your creative energy and reaffirms that you are headed in the right direction in life. It is time to start doing and making things happen. You are opening yourself up to others. You will overcome the obstacles in your life by continuing to struggle and utilizing your wisdom.
Capricorn for Ava-Jay points at your need for organization and order. You have uncovered a part of yourself that you did not realize existed within yourself. You feel that others are putting you down. You need to venture out and explore.
Aquarius for Ava-Jay points at your concerns with your looks. You are currently finding yourself in a situation that you do not want to be in. You are having issues related to your self-image. Perhaps, you are racking your brain for an answer to a problem.
Pisces for Ava-Jay points at fertility and rebirth. You need to stand tall. You need to put more effort on some task. You need to expand your horizons or experience a new sense of spirituality.


text:
July 2021 has earned the unenviable distinction as the world’s hottest month ever recorded, according to new global data released today by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information.
“In this case, first place is the worst place to be,” said NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad, Ph.D. “July is typically the world’s warmest month of the year, but July 2021 outdid itself as the hottest July and month ever recorded. This new record adds to the disturbing and disruptive path that climate change has set for the globe.”
“This new record adds to the disturbing and disruptive path that climate change has set for the globe.”
The combined land and ocean surface temperature was 0.01C higher than the 2016 record. In the Northern Hemisphere, the land-surface temperature reached an “unprecedented” 1.54C higher than average, surpassing a previous record set in 2012.
“In this case, first place is the worst place to be,” NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad said in a statement. “This new record adds to the disturbing and disruptive path that climate change has set for the globe.”
At least five heat domes descended on various parts of the hemisphere at once, resulting in consecutive days of stagnant, sweltering heat. Asia saw its hottest July on record (surpassing a previous record set in 2010), while Europe saw its second-hottest July (trailing behind July 2018).
Record high temperatures were also recorded in the US, Canada, Turkey, Japan, Ireland, and many other jurisdictions. Earlier this week, a report from the United Nations said that climate change is having an “unprecedented” impact on the earth, with some changes likely to be “irreversible for centuries to millennia.”
UN Secretary General António Guterres said that the findings were “a code red for humanity.”
“If we combine forces now, we can avert climate catastrophe. But as today’s report makes clear, there is no time for delay and no room for excuses,” he said. The authors of the report said that since 1970, global surface temperatures have risen faster than in any other 50-year period over the past 2,000 years.

domain: geography


text:
Larry Dickens has served as a minister of music for over thirty years in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. For 14 years before joining the full-time faculty at the Divinity School, he led the music ministry of Snyder Memorial Baptist Church in Fayetteville, NC where he oversaw the work of twenty-two music groups and the Snyder Music Academy. He has been an adjunct instructor of worship and church music here at Campbell for several years.
Dr. Dickens has served as a guest conductor with the Anderson Symphony, Beaufort Chorale and Chamber Orchestra, The Fayetteville Symphony, and is the founding director of the Snyder Orchestra. Choirs under his direction have toured in over 20 states and have taken music/mission trips to England, Trinidad & Tobago, Germany, Czech Republic and Switzerland. He has also served as the director of the North Carolina Baptist All State Youth Choir.
He is married to Gail Dickens who teaches in the Academically Gifted program of Cumberland County Schools. They have one daughter who is a graduate of Campbell University Divinity School.

domain: artistic


text:
Liang Wang;Qunfeng Liu;Wenshan Yu;Shengping Shen;State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures,School of Aerospace,Xi'an Jiaotong University;
State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures,School of Aerospace,Xi'an Jiaotong University;
The shear responses of β-SiC are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation with the Tersoff interatomic potential. Results show a clear decreasing trend in critical stress,fracture strain and shear modulus as temperature increases. Above a critical temperature, β-SiC bulk just fractures after the elastic deformation. However, below the critical temperature, an interesting pattern in β-SiC bulk emerges due to the elongation of Si-C bonds before fracture. Additionally, the shear deformation of β-SiC at room temperature is found to be dependent on the strain rate. This study may shed light on the deformation mechanism dependent on temperature and strain rate.
β-SiC;;Fracture;;Temperature effect;;Strain rate;;Shear deformation
To explore the background and basis of the node document

domain: literature


Alpinestars Mens GP Race Suit (Black, X-Large/Euro60)
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text:
National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (NBHAAD) is Feb. 7. The focus of NBHAAD is to educate the black community about the basics of HIV and AIDS.
This year’s NBHAAD theme is ‘stay the course, the fight is not over!’ Locally, a black history-themed art exhibit will be held at the Pride Center in Wilton Manors to commemorate NBHAAD.
“There will be about seven artists representing a variety of art forms,” said Lorenzo Robertson, Emerging Interventions Manager at the Pride Center. “We will showcase artists, photographers, painters, sculptors and poets. We will also have a spoken word artist who will share her story of living with HIV.”
African Americans account for a higher proportion of new HIV diagnoses, those living with HIV, and those ever diagnosed with AIDS, compared to other races/ethnicities, according to the Centers for Disease Control. In 2015, African Americans accounted for 45 percent of HIV diagnoses, though they comprise 12 percent of the population in the U.S.
The event is organized and hosted by the Pride Center’s Kiki Project.
The Kiki Project is an HIV prevention program designed by black gay men for black gay men. The program began in 2014 as a pilot funded by the Florida Health Department in Broward County.
The art exhibit occurs the day after NBHAAD on Feb. 8 from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. It will be held in the Pride Center Schubert Building Main Hall.
The Pride Center is located at 2040 North Dixie Highway in Wilton Manors.

domain: news


ALBANY – Furious Republicans yesterday accused Gov. Spitzer of trying to buy the silence of suspended Communications Director Darren Dopp by putting him back on the state payroll while he’s still under investigation in the explosive dirty-tricks scandal.
Dopp – relieved of his post and denied his pay starting July 23 because of his involvement in a plot to damage Senate Majority Leader Joseph Bruno, Spitzer’s chief Republican rival – was reinstated to his $175,000-a- year job late yesterday.
He immediately went on vacation.
“I’ve never seen more arrogance than this,” said Brooklyn Sen. Martin Golden of Dopp’s rehiring.
“One has to really think that this is part of the coverup, getting Darren Dopp to be quiet so that he doesn’t divulge any information that would be detrimental to the governor.”
Orange County Sen. William Larkin called the move “totally asinine,” noting, “Dopp is a guy who refused to testify under oath to the attorney general and we’re now saying, ‘Don’t worry about, here’s a job, go back to it?’
“As far as I’m concerned, this amounts to saying, ‘Shut up,’ ”
Nassau County Sen. Dean Skelos, the deputy majority leader, claimed that by putting Dopp back on the payroll “before the ongoing investigations are completed and the matter is thoroughly resolved, Gov. Spitzer would be making another poor decision and “further compromise both the integrity of his administration and the public trust.”
Spitzer spokesman Jeffrey Gordon said Dopp would again be paid as the governor’s communications director, but would work in another capacity, details of which he said he didn’t know.
The Post exposed the existence of the plot against Bruno on July 5 but it wasn’t until Attorney General Andrew Cuomo released a bombshell report on July 23 that Spitzer suspended Dopp and demoted another aide, William Howard.
A day after the report was released, it was learned that neither Dopp nor Spitzer chief-of-staff Richard Baum would agree to be interviewed under oath by Cuomo’s investigators.
The state Ethics Commission and Albany County District Attorney David Soares are conducting investigations of the scandal that are likely to be completed within the next few weeks.


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Speaker Bill Rancic is a keynote speaker enlightening audience members on entrepreneurship and business advantages throughout the country. Several years after his introduction to America as Donald Trump’s original Apprentice, speaker Bill Rancic continues his commitment to entrepreneurship all over the country. He builds businesses and seizes grand opportunities as he shares his views on obtaining success and building businesses.
Why book speaker Bill Rancic?
- Bill guides age groups in a variety of fields. Bill has provided financial insight to Donald Trump, audience members apart of a talk show, and even through books to young children. Bill offers intellectual insight on both finance and entrepreneurship to liberate your ideas.
- He is multi-talented in his crafts. Speaker Bill Rancic is not only a financial correspondent and educator, but he also enlightens students and corporate organizations alike on financial and entrepreneur literacy, leadership, and the preservation of our environment.
- He is named the most extraordinary and esteemed entrepreneurs. Bill assists audience members in reaching their financial goals, motivates kids on learning the value of money, provides insight for corporations and universities, and works with youth at risk. Speaker Bill Rancic has rightfully earned his title as “extraordinary” and “esteemed.”
Speaker Bill Rancic bursted on to the scene as NBC’s first Apprentice, and since then, has traveled to every part of the globe, sharing his life experiences and business acumen with tens of thousands of leaders, businesses, and organizations on a variety of essential topics. His expertise ranges from why some companies thrive in chaos — and others don’t — to the leadership behaviors needed in a world beset by turbulence, uncertainty and dramatic change
At the early age of 23, Bill Rancic established the successful company, cigarsaroundtheworld.com, in a 400 sq. Ft. studio apartment. Today, it is a thriving multi-million dollar national operation, in which Bill is a shareholder in the company and sits on the Board of Directors. The son of educators, he is a true entrepreneur, who helped earn his way through college by starting a boat wash and wax business in the Chicago area.
Driven by a relentless curiosity, Speaker Bill Rancic began his business journey when he graduated cum laude from Loyola University. He then went on to become a successful entrepreneur when he founded a monthly online subscription-based retailer. Since that time, he has inspired millions of people around the globe to work towards reaching their full potential, both in business and in their personal lives. He is currently co-owner of the RPM Restaurant Group and the Giuliana Prosecco.
When not on television, Bill is traveling around the world talking to corporations and universities about “thinking like an entrepreneur” as well as teaching corporate America how to help preserve the environment.
Speaker Bill Rancic has invested nearly two decades living the topic, Rancic has authored four books. These include New York Times best-seller You’re Hired: How to Succeed in Business and Life, Beyond the Lemonade Stand, In addition, Rancic co-authored I Do… Now What? With celebrity wife Giuliana Rancic. He also just penned his novel, First Light.
Bill also sets aside much time to work with young people at risk. Two of his most significant causes are The Mercy Home for Boys, of which he is a board member and mentor to underprivileged kids, and The National Children’s Alliance for abused children, which he co-chairs an annual fundraiser with Olympic Gold medalist Picabo Street.
See keynotes with Bill Rancic

domain: economics


text:
Do you normally read books that belong in the non-fiction section of your library ? Wanting a quick read that's not to heavy and has a bit of fun chucked into it to make it more interesting?.
Review : River Passage - P.M Terrell- 2009
I normally am not one to venture into non-fiction as it tends to bore me a bit but when I got an email from P.M Terrell , I was like why not ? . Her book River Passage is written in fiction format but the tales inside are loosely and inspired by a true story/event that took part many moons ago , in about the 1700-1800's , so even a few centuries ago.
The story takes place in the state of Tennessee and tells the story of a family called the Neeleys especially focusing on the daughter Mary and her dad William. Mary and her father were travelling on what was supposed to be a month long trek along the river journey but when they were stopped by Fort Nashborough one night they were attacked by a group of American Indians ( you know the ones that we hear tales of American Indians and Sheriffs). What was left after the attack was a grisly site and my eyes teared for Mary as she was all of a sudden alone in the world and she had just witnessed her father's death before her eyes. Mary scared for her life as she didn't know if she was next was captured by the Indians and renamed Songbird. The then journey takes off again this time lasting four months , River Passage one thing I thoroughly enjoyed was that accompanying the story were photo pages , so unless the reader actually knew what they were reading was a fictional tale in sorts they would not realise as River Passage has been completed with a high standard to make the book soundly historically accurate.
River Passage is the story of Mary's abduction and the story of a women who besides all the obstacles in her way was a courageous and proved to be a strong women role model who know matter what never gave up and eventually reached her final destination.


text:
10 Place du Générale de Gaulle, Ouistreham, Calvados, Lower Normandy, France
Hotel le phare is located in Ouistreham and features free Wi-Fi. It is ideally positioned for those wanting to discover the area's attractions. There are 19 rooms at the hotel, each offering all the necessities to ensure a comfortable stay. Deauville - Saint-Gatien Airport is a 50-minute drive from Hotel le phare. Sword Beach is just a short drive from the hotel.
Usage of subsidiary facilities may incur additional fees


text:
The German government is preparing national controls on printing inks used in food packaging to prevent health risks to consumers. A regulation is being drafted by the consumer protection minister, Ilse Aigner.
The ministry for consumer protection opted for national regulation after failing to win the European Commission’s support for an EU-level initiative. It is continuing to lobby for an EU regulation.
Newspaper Tagesspiegel reported on Monday that the draft regulation will define a white-list of substances evaluated and passed as safe by scientific bodies. These substances may be used in inks for food packaging up to an unspecified migration limit. The rules would take effect next year.
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Porsche CEO, Oliver Blume, has confirmed that the Porsche 911 will never become a fully electric car.
sleek side view cameras.The PPE platform is a further development from the J1 platform used for the Porsche
German Porsche tuner, TECHART, has announced its new product range for the Porsche Taycan.
Porsche has unveiled #DrivingTomorrow, a pop-up exhibition at Jewel Changi Airport that tells the story
In what could be a first not just for Malaysia, but also the world, Porsche is reportedly setting up
We’ve seen the launch of the Porsche Taycan and the MINI Cooper SE in Malaysia this year.
those are still round), the boffins at the Center of Automotive Management (CAM) have awarded the 2020 Porsche
Porsche Australia launched the 2021 Porsche Taycan earlier this month.
Following a report by The Edge Weekly, it seems that Porsche is seeking to locally-assemble (CKD) some
Porsche’s electric line-up will see the introduction of an SUV with the new Porsche Macan.
Porsche has delivered 9,072 units of the Porsche Taycan world-wide in the first quarter of 2021, only
For those who think the Porsche Taycan needs extra space in the rear, well, here’s the stunningly
Californian Coast for an electrifying adventure.With only one charge, both actors managed to experience the Taycan
The all-electric Porsche pulled off a 0-90-0 spec of an impressive 10.17 seconds.
Centre Ara DamansaraFirst deliveries of the Porsche Taycan also took place in Q1 2021, with 150 units
Cars in Malaysia, has launched the new 2021 Porsche Taycan RWD here.
been 10 years since Sime Darby Auto Performance (SDAP), sole authorised importer and distributor of Porsche
Porsche TaycanPorsche Taycan 4S Porsche Taycan Availability Country Starting Price (RWD)
variants – Turbo and Turbo S Up to 761 PS (with overboost) and 1,050 Nm Top speed of 260 km/h, 0-
Porsche’s PASM (Porsche Active Suspension Management) and PDCC (Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control
Porsche Thailand by AAS Auto Service (AAS), the sole authorised importer and distributor of Porsche cars
Up in the north of Thailand, a yearly gathering of Porsche cars shows us the joy of driving through the
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Porsche Taycan 4S Porsche Taycan 4S noise level 60 km/h 55 dB 90 km/h 60 dB
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In a recent roundtable with Porsche Indonesia and Mayk Wienkötter (Porsche AG, Spokesperson Product
Porsche Malaysia has launched it’s all-electric four-seater car, the Porsche Taycan, in Malaysia
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litre V6 biturbo engine from its predecessor, a V8 heart now beats once more under the bonnet of the Porsche
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text:
New Orleans, La. - Anthony Davis posted another near-triple-double performance as the Pelicans avenged last week's loss at Utah with a home victory over the Jazz, 105-98, improving their record to 5-6.
Five different Pels posted double digit points but Davis led the way with 22 points, tacking on 9 rebounds and 8 blocked shots. The second year forward set a career high Saturday with 9 blocks.
After the game, Davis told FOX 8's Jennifer Hale last week's game at Utah "Was a tough loss. We had that in our minds. Going on that plane leaving Utah, having that feeling of defeat all three games...we're just trying to make it a good home stand while we're here for a couple of weeks and get things back moving forward."
New Orleans will play host to the Cleveland Cavaliers(4-8) Friday at 7 p.m.
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Saturday, April 19 2014 3:52 PM EDT2014-04-19 19:52:12 GMT
The captain of the ferry that sank off South Korea, leaving more than 300 missing or dead, was arrested early Saturday on suspicion of negligence and abandoning people in need. Two crew members also were taken into...more>>
A coast guard official says divers retrieved three bodies from inside a ferry that sunk off South Korea, raising the confirmed death toll to 36 with more than 265 people still missing, most of them high school students on...more>>
Thursday, April 17 2014 11:56 AM EDT2014-04-17 15:56:09 GMT
Good morning! Agnes DeRouen in the KPLC 7 Newsroom with a look at what we're working on for 7News@Noon. A deadly new virus, spread by mosquitoes enters the western hemisphere, and experts say there'smore>>
Agnes DeRouen in the KPLC 7 Newsroom with a look at what we're working on for 7News@Noon.more>>
Friday, April 18 2014 5:56 PM EDT2014-04-18 21:56:17 GMT
The search continues for a man accused of killing his wife and son early Thursday morning. Ronald Green Sr., 44, of Gonzales, is wanted on two counts of first-degree murder in the shooting deaths of Dewonamore>>
Investigators still have many questions as they continue to search for a man they believe killed his estranged wife and son early Thursday morning.more>>


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Plant cell wall structure and chemistry traits are evaluated to identify ideal feedstocks for biofuels and bio-materials. Standard methods have limitations when applied to large data sets. These high-throughput pretreatment, enzyme saccharification, and pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry methods compare large numbers of biomass samples with decreased experimental time and cost.


text:
Path is clearing for GM crop expansion in UK
Genetically modified crops
promise much. But while
producers overseas reap
their benefits, they are slow
to arrive on EU farms. In this
special focus we review
some of the key issues,
starting here with a report
from the first of a series of
Edited by Charles Abel
IS the tide finally turning on the introduction of GM crops into the UK? According to backers of the industrys Supply Chain Initiative on Modified Agricultural Crops it certainly is.
When environment minister Michael Meacher endorsed the activities of SCIMAC in November, he effectively made it the industrys self-regulator, removing a key obstacle to the technologys arrival on UK farms, they say.
Indeed, government support for SCIMACs approach avoided a moratorium on the introduction of GM varieties, claimed David Carmichael, a Lincs farmer and one of SCIMACs two NFU representatives.
Plans are for the first commercial herbicide tolerant GM spring rape to be planted in 2000. But that will not trigger an explosive take-off of GM plantings. "In initial years production will be limited to agreed volumes of seed," Dr Carmichael explained.
"We expect there to be a small area initially and for this to grow gradually, giving us time to address any environmental issues arising from the increase in production," added Monsantos Colin Merritt.
The government has given the group until Christmas to flesh out its proposals for self-regulation. At their heart is a system of rigorous contracts, audits and penalties to ensure guidelines are met.
"Compliance is very important. Anybody can introduce guidelines, what counts is whether they are adhered to," said Dr Carmichael.
GM crops will only be grown under inter-professional agreements, similar to those for seed. Formal inspections will ensure guidelines are met, with the whole process independently audited and reviewed. Auditors are being sought.
"Penalties for non-compliance will include withdrawal of further access to GM crops. In other words, if you foul up you cant grow the seed in future," Dr Carmichael said.
That does not constitute restrictive practice. "The contract is with the seed supplier, who can refuse to offer a further contract if the terms are breached." Blacklisting of non-compliant producers is not ruled out.
A parallel programme of farm-scale ecological monitoring trials comparing GM and non-GM varieties is planned with DETR, MAFF, English Nature and the RSPB. The first field-scale trial crops of spring rape, maize and some sugar beet will be planted around the UK next spring.
"SCIMAC represents a genuine alternative to the starting-gun approach to commercial introduction of new technology. There will be no flood of the stuff. It will be introduced slowly to ensure consumer confidence and acceptance." Dr Carmichael concluded.
GM CROPS TODAY
• 34m hectares grown worldwide in 1998.
• Mainly in the US, Canada, Argentina, China and Australia.
• Insect resistant maize, cotton, OSR and potatoes.
• Herbicide tolerant soybean, osr, cotton, maize.
• Virus resistant tomato, tobacco.
• Modified ripening tomato.
• Modified oil quality in OSR.
• EU – herbicide tolerant OSR + insect resistant maize approved – 30,000ha production in France and Spain 98. GM hybrid OSR, modified starch potato, herbicide tolerant maize, modified flower colour and vase life in carnation – awaiting approval.
• 2000 – GM herbicide tolerant spring + winter rape possible in the UK.
• 2001 – GMHT sugar beet?
• 2002 – GMHT fodder maize?
• Operator training/competence.
• Adviser/supplier qualifications.
• On-farm monitoring/record-keeping.
• Crop planning and rotational advice, including minimum separation distances as for seed crops.
• Crop planting guidelines.
• Crop management guidelines.
• Harvesting guidelines.
• Post-harvest management guidelines.
• System auditing.
GM CROPS TOMORROW
• Robust pest and disease resistance.
• High yielding hybrids.
• Modified oil, starch and protein quality and content.
• Reduced seed shedding.
• Altered plant architecture – esp height.
• Altered ripening, storage quality and sprouting.
• On/off switch for characters
• Tolerance to drought, cold, heat.
• Vaccines and pharmaceuticals.
• Toxin removal from soils.
• N-fixing cereals – 20+ years away.

domain: biology


text:
ASUS VivoBook 15 adds flair and dynamism to daily computing. With its Intel® Core™ i7 processor and the latest NVIDIA GeForce GPU, VivoBook 15 provides the power you need to get things done. It also features a dual-storage design that combines the fast data speeds of an SSD with the large capacities of an HDD, giving you the best of both worlds in order to boost productivity. Comes with standout colors and a color-blocking Enter key. Asus remains the leader in design with RedDot Winner 2020 &.
CPU: Intel Core i7-1165G7|Memory: 8GB DDR4| HDD: 512GB SSD| Screen: 15.6″ OLED FHD GL| Bluetooth| 2*USB2.0 + USB 3.2A+ USB 3.2C| Win10 Hme| Batt: 3Cell | Black

domain: design


text:
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domain: law


text:
Marble Composition Books for Primary Grades - Grade 3
Grade school composition books skip-line ruled with margin. Color coded, flexible marble covers by grade. Red marble cover is ruled for Grade 3. Sewn composition books have 50 sheets/100 pages. Spiral bound composition books have 36 sheets/72 pages. 9 3/4" x 7 3/4".


text:
Delta has 2 hiking trails. These trails range from 0.5 to 6.7 miles in length. The most popular trail is Cheaha State Park: Bald Rock & Pulpit Rock. Trails.com member Jeff D. recently completed Cheaha State Park: Bald Rock & Pulpit Rock.
Cheaha State Park: Bald Rock & Pulpit RockView Trail Details
Everyone needs to make a pilgrimage to the highest point in Alabama: Mount Cheaha’s peak, in Cheaha State Park. Climb the stone observation tower, ...
Cheaha–Cave Creek–Pinhoti Trail LoopView Trail Details
This hike, which starts in Cheaha State Park and ventures into the Talladega National Forest’s Cheaha Wilderness, offers a contrast between the ...

domain: travel


text:
Edited by E. A. Reeves. This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of a 1906 edition by the Royal Geographical Society, London. 9th edition, revised and enlarged...
Download Link Mirror Link
Because I finish ever book I start I struggled through to the end. Still, Johannine Theology is a difficult topic to handle and I think Rainbow for the most part does an excellent job. Download ebook Hints To Travellers: Scientific And General. Vollume 1 Pdf Epub. The editors at Rockridge Press indicate whether each recipe fits your diet, whether that's dairy free, nut free, egg free, soy free, vegetarian or vegan. Johanna provides proof of recovery as well as tools to help in building healthy behaviors. Colamabre is all noble and virtue. The book is fine, just do not purchase the kindle-version. they only thing I did not care for was the conversation after the story. I can put my finger on what made it seem as if the story ended abruptly, but overall I really enjoyed it. ISBN-10 0543980960 Pdf Epub. ISBN-13 978-0543980
Having been around bikers her entire life, she's familiar with the kind of men that gravitate towards the outlaw life. Effortless recipes, great food, and all of it in under 30 minutes or less it doesn't get any easier than this.
- Hints to Travellers: Scientific and General. Vollume 1 epub
- Download Hints to Travellers: Scientific and General. Vollume 1 pdf
- Hints to Travellers: Scientific and General. Vollume 1 txt
- 978-0543980960 epub
- Download 0543980960 pdf
Joy or beginners Growing u with tamales Cabinology a handbook to your private hideaway Download Fifteen minutes with jesus in the blessed sacrament quince minutos con jesus sacramentado pdf at allriyakubraz.wordpress.com Helen on 86th street and other stories


text:
Did you know this local summer fruit is packed with nutrients?
Summer is here. Make the tangy kokum (also known as Malabar Tamarind) as part of your daily diet to prevent dehydration
Kokum is a tropical evergreen tree native to the Western Ghats, although now it is cultivated in different parts of India. This tree's fruit, seeds, and leaves are widely used for medicinal properties. It was traditionally used for treating intestinal disorders and dysentery. Some cuisines also use it as a souring agent in curries and meat-based dishes.
Here are four benefits of kokum juice you should know about.
Storehouse of antioxidants:
Kokum is rich in antioxidants that help fight free radicals in the body. These are harmful substances that damage healthy cells and tissues causing premature ageing and other diseases.
It is said that the antioxidant polyphenols in kokum help lower LDL or harmful cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar levels. High levels of LDL can clog arteries and lead to heart ailments. Hence, drinking kokum juice regularly helps keep your heart healthy.
Wash down a heavy and spicy meal with a glass of kokum juice. It helps in boosting the digestive fire and relieves you from all sorts of stomach aches and irritations.
Improves skin health
Kokum juice is an excellent option for detoxification. The best way to drink kokum juice to reap the maximum benefits is in the form of sherbet, that helps cool down the body. It replenishes lost body fluids, leaving you energised in peak summer temperatures.
Do you know of any other health benefits of kokum juice? Let us know in the comments section below.


text:
Airport signs oil lease
Published 12/19/2010, The Dickinson Press
Dickinson’s Theodore Roosevelt Regional Airport could see oil royalties flowing in after it recently signed a lease for its mineral rights.Word count: 548
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text:
Fandoms: The Avengers (Marvel Movies), The Avengers (Marvel) - All Media Types, Star Wars - All Media Types, Iron Man (Movies)
06 Oct 2018
After being dropped off into a whole new universe, Tony is outraged by the sheer /inefficiency/ of the droids. And the warships? Please, he could improve the designs in his /sleep/.
-Because Tony Stark can do so much better.
- Part 1 of Star(k) Wars
01 Jan 2018
From redeemed supervillain overlords and moonwalking Separatist drones, Tony takes the Star Wars Universe by storm.
Deleted scenes or chapters, and ideas that never quite got off the ground, mostly because they're too outlandish for even me or because they don't fit the tone of the main story. Each chapter is a 'crack' one-shot and are separate from the other chapters.
- Part 2 of Star(k) Wars

domain: hobby


One of the benefits of driving electric is that electric motors and drivetrains are inherently much more efficient than gasoline- or diesel-powered engines/drivetrains. Aside from that inherent energy conservation, though, how much do electric car drivers strove to conserve energy? And how much does driving electric encourage them to conserve energy? These are matters we dug into a little bit in our latest electric car driver report.
If you’ve read the report intro in one of our previous articles about the new report, just jump down below the line to get into the article itself. In case you missed previous intros, though, here’s a short summary of the report:
We surveyed over 2,000 electric car drivers living in 28 countries (49 of 50 US states, 26 European countries, and 9 Canadian provinces). We wanted to find out what early electric car adopters require and desire from their next electric cars and from EV charging networks, as well as what EV life is like so far for them.
This report segments responses by three distinct electric vehicle groups (Tesla drivers, pure-electric but non-Tesla drivers, and drivers of plug-in hybrids) as well as by continent (North America versus Europe). This segmentation unveils clear differences on many topics — which is sensible given the vast variation in user experience for each type of EV and for the two regions, but which we’ve never seen uncovered before.
You can get the full 93-page report — Electric Car Drivers: Desires, Demands, & Who They Are — for $500, or you can check out the first 30 pages for free. (If you contributed to the report/surveys and want a free copy, drop us a note and we’ll send the entire report your way.)
Our core partners for this year’s report included EV-Box, Tesla Shuttle, and Important Media. Other report partners included The Beam, EV Obsession, and the Low Voltage Vehicle Electrification summit.
Effect of Driving Electric on Broader Energy Conservation
One interesting thought that we wanted to explore was whether driving an electric car had follow-on effects in people’s lives that led them to conserve energy elsewhere. As it turns out, yes, it seems that it does.
Depending on the group, 28–43% of respondents said driving electric led them to conserve energy in their home more that before. 12–19% weren’t sure.
When you consider the implications, that means that electric cars don’t just cut emissions in transport — they also cut emissions from electricity generation, heating, and cooling.
Looking at a more direct relationship, we also asked whether having an electric car led them to drive more efficiently. The large majority said that it did.
And this might be precisely why many respondents were led to conserve energy more at home — they began thinking about their energy use and how to conserve it. Doing so while driving in order to maximize their range very naturally makes them think about doing so in other areas of their lives.
I’m curious to see how this matter changes as electric cars get more electric driving range and people are thus less inclined to think about conserving energy while driving.
In that regard, it’s interesting that the Tesla drivers — the drivers with the most electric range — were least likely to say that driving an EV led them to drive more efficiently.
However, that could also be related to them wanting to enjoy the insane performance of their Tesla vehicles, or it could be related to the greater wealth of those drivers and their lack of concern for saving money/resources.
Though, again, the plug-in hybrid drivers — who have the lowest electric range but also don’t have to be concerned about running out of electricity (due to their gas backup) — were the ones most likely to say that driving electric made them drive more efficiently. It seems that, the smaller the battery size, the more a driver tries to squeeze as much juice out of it as possible — whether they have a backup option (gas) or not.
We will explore this matter further in future years in order to tease out more of the behavioral implications of a switch to electric cars. Will these responses be consistent as electric cars enter the mainstream market? Will drivers pay less attention to efficiency and energy conservation as they gain more electric driving range? What specific energy conservation efforts are EV drivers making as a result of driving electric?
Get the full 93-page report — Electric Car Drivers: Desires, Demands, & Who They Are.
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