Britain's 'Critical Infrastructure' Under E-Mail Attack
Cyber-security officials in Great Britain issued an unusually dire alert today, warning that hackers are targeting e-mail-borne viruses against U.K. government agencies and high-profile British corporations with the aim of stealing sensitive and lucrative data.
The increasingly sophisticated attacks appear to be custom-made for each target, focusing specifically on individuals who have jobs working with commercially or economically sensitive data, according to a document released today by the National Infrastructure Security Co-ordination Centre. The attackers craft the e-mails so that they appear to originate from trusted contacts, news agencies or government departments, using distribution lists to target large numbers of recipients with similar interests, the report noted.
The NISCC -- the British equivalent of the Department of Homeland Security's National Cyber Security Division -- said it was releasing the information in the hope that companies and government computer users would be more vigilant about clicking on attached documents and Web links that arrive via e-mail.
"Parts of the U.K.'s critical national infrastructure are being targeted by an ongoing series of e-mail-borne electronic attacks. While the majority of the observed attacks have been against central government, other U.K. organizations, companies and individuals are also at risk."
The e-mails will often carry a short message urging the user to click on the Web link or attached file. The links and attachments attempt to download a "Trojan horse," a type of program named after the legendary stealth attack because it let hackers take quiet control of unsecured computers. Security firms have catalogued thousands of "Trojans" in recent years, and several new ones are spotted each week.
A wire story from the Associated Press quotes NISCC Director Rogert Cumming as saying, "We have never seen anything like this in terms of the industrial scale of this series of attacks. This is not a few hackers sitting in their bedroom trying to steal bank account details from individuals."
The AP piece notes that the NISCC traced the attacks back to computers in "the Far East," though those systems may not be the true source of the assaults, as hackers frequently route their attacks through multiple compromised computers.
Trojans can cause serious damage inside a network. They can be used to collect usernames and passwords, upload documents and data to a remote computer, even relay attacks against other computers and networks. Because most are configured to transmit data back to the attackers using the same methods as a common Internet browser, such communication is very hard to distinguish from regular outgoing Web traffic.
I've said it before, but it bears repeating: Never open, accept or download an e-mailed file or click on a Web link in an instant message if it comes from someone you don't know -- and even if you do know them, don't open it unless you know what the file or link is and were expecting it. If it comes from someone you know and you weren't expecting it, contact the sender by phone, e-mail or reply back to the message and ask what they're asking you to look at.
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INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — Gov. Eric J. Holcomb and the Indiana Department of Administration say Indiana schools have another chance to order state-funded hand-held metal detectors.
Schools that have not ordered the devices can do so by Oct. 5 at 5 p.m. They can send an email to email@example.com for ordering instructions.
The governor’s office says 3,231 metal detectors have been requested so far by 370 school entities, including 94 percent of all traditional public school corporations.
The program makes one metal detector available for every 250 students in a school building. So far the program has cost more than $330,000. It is funded by the Department of Administration.
Holcomb announced the program in July, weeks after a student opened fire at an Indianapolis-area middle school, wounding his teacher and another student.
Indiana has taken other steps in the past year to give schools more resources for school safety, including the following in the 2018 legislative session:
- Made $35 million in low-interest loans available to schools to increase school safety through the Indiana Common School Fund. Applications may be found on the Indiana Department of Homeland Security website.
- Provided an additional $5 million to support school safety grants recently approved through IDHS. Those grants, more than $14 million in total, will be put to use for school resource officers, safety equipment and threat assessments.
- Dedicated $1 million to support a full audit of school safety plans around the state.
MORE TOP STORIES | Person riding scooter struck by vehicle in downtown Indy | Two Boone County teens killed by father in double murder-suicide | Teen who died in crash during pursuit was heading to Kokomo to harm another student | What to do if you have an unburied cable in your yard | Nursing Board denies transfer of Harrison College credits to National Academy
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You searched for: Format Shapefile Remove constraint Format: Shapefile Subject Census Remove constraint Subject: Census Subject Housing Statistics Remove constraint Subject: Housing Statistics Subject Labor supply Remove constraint Subject: Labor supply Institution Stanford Remove constraint Institution: Stanford Place Manipur (India) Remove constraint Place: Manipur (India) Year 2011 Remove constraint Year: 2011
2011. ML InfoMap (Firm). This polygon shapefile represents village boundaries in Manipur, India. Points of all villages are shown linked to Primary Census Abstract 2011.Thi... ML InfoMap (Firm).
2011. ML InfoMap (Firm). This point shapefile represents villages in Manipur, India. Points of all villages are shown linked to Primary Census Abstract 2011.This dataset is... ML InfoMap (Firm).


Vanderbilt Medical Center commissioned Stonecastle to produce a brand video for its little-known Spiritual Care Department, which deploys chaplains across the hospital for everything from last rites to wedding ceremonies.
“Every day is totally different,” Rev. Amanda Borchik told us. “It’s one of the reasons why I love this work so much.”
During the pandemic, chaplains became a much more visible presence at Vanderbilt, attending not just to patients but also to stressed and over-worked hospital staff. With employees beginning to recognize chaplains as a resource, Vanderbilt asked Stonecastle to capture their contributions in this short documentary below.
How we worked
Our goal for this short film was to capture the humanity behind one of the toughest and most emotionally-draining jobs in any hospital. We spent two days with three chaplains, following them wherever their pagers summoned them.
We began our first day with Rev. Borchik, who agreed to let us to join her as she made her morning rounds. During a break in filming, director Barry Simmons noticed Amanda checking her pager, clearly upset underneath her mask. As director of photography Michael Patti rolled his camera, Barry approached and asked her what had happened. What followed became the emotional core of the story as Amanda dropped her guard, explaining that she’d just received terrible news about a young patient.
“You just wish there was anything you could do to change it for [the parents] because you know how much they love their child,” she said. “We grieve every time something hard happens, just like we celebrate when something good happens. But you can’t not grieve, because you so deeply love.”
Where discipline meets creativity
These kinds of unplanned, soulful moments reveal themselves often during Stonecastle shoots, but it’s not a coincidence. They’re the payoff for our discipline to listen for signals of dramatic potential. “No one walks up and tells us they’re having a moment,” says director Barry Simmons. “You have to exercise an emotional awareness and constantly ask probing questions – and not just when the camera’s rolling. You keep at it, sometimes all day, until the good stuff starts to bubble up. A good documentary crew like ours knows to always be ready to catch these moments when they finally reveal themselves.”
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Rescue Box is a subscription box for dogs or cats, including toys and treats for your pet and accessories for pet lovers. For dogs, choose from small (up to 20 pounds), medium (20-50 pounds), and large (50+ pounds). Rescue box is associated with Greater Good (the folks who brought you The Hunger Site, The Animal Rescue Site, and more) and your purchase of a subscription will help provide food and vaccines to shelter pets!
Barkbox ships around the 15th of every month and once the box is shipped, they would send you an email confirming your shipment and customers in the US living in the lower 48 states will have free shipping, with their boxes being delivered within 2-8 business days. US customers also get tracking details. Customers in Canada can expect the subscription box for their dogs within 4-12 days of shipment and they apologize for the lack of tracking details as you cannot track your box once it leaves the US. Shipping costs about $5 for customers in Canada and other outer states in the US.
Each BarkBox surprise is sent on the 15th of each month, and most consumers have reported that they’ve received their packages quickly and without delays. However, if you’re a new BarkBox customer and sign up after the 10th, keep in mind that your package will not be sent until the 15th of the following month. In the event that your BarkBox is delivered with a defective item, the company provides all members with the opportunity to immediately send it back, at which point you’ll either receive a replacement or a credit toward your account.
I’ve had Bark Box for several months now. I purchased the “extra toy option” and with that we still only receive 3 toys every month and 2-3 treat. It’s not 4-6 toys. Wish it was. My dog is under 20 lbs. not sure if that would make a difference. I love their monthly themes! A surprise for me as well as I look forward to seeing what it is for the month.
While many of these toys will keep your pup busy on his own, you still want to spend plenty of quality time with your furry friend, and we have just the selection of rope toys and balls you can play with together. For example, our Multipet Nuts for Knots is the best of both worlds – a ball made out of rope with a handle for tug of war. You can play until your arm gets tired, because it’s doubtful your pup is going to give up first! If your dog loves to play fetch, we have everything from tennis balls to indestructible balls that glow-in-the-dark. We even have ball launchers that will send the ball hurling in the air, causing him to run even farther – perfect for the dog park or anywhere your dog has plenty of room to run.
I highly recommend The Dapper Dog Box to anyone looking to spoil their dog with quality products. As an over concerned dog mom, I'm always analyzing treat ingredients. The Dapper Dog Box always sends treats that are in line with my healthy beliefs for Bruce Wayne. I am also highly impressed with the size appropriate toys they send, as BW is a TINY dog .
The subscription service has already touted itself as an experience for dogs and their owners, with a new theme to each month’s arrival. Past themes have tapped into holidays (Halloween is a popular one), pop culture (including a whole box dedicated to the ’90s), and other creative ventures that often involve a good pun (including “Secrets of the Rainfurrest”). Many BarkBox subscribers also share these experiences via social media through “unboxing” videos on Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube.
At Pet Mountain, we know how frustrating it can be to buy a toy and have it be shredded to pieces or ignored within the hour. That's why we offer you some of the highest quality dog toys on the market, and all at the lowest possible price. How can you know for sure? Our low-price guarantee means you're absolutely getting the best deal out there for dog toys.
Bark & Co is the New York-based startup that’s dedicated to making dogs and their humans happy. Since launching in 2012 with BarkBox, a monthly box of treats and toys, Bark & Co has shipped more than 30 million products and expanded into creating its own products, experiences and entertainment with BarkShop, BarkLive, and BarkPost. To learn more go to Bark.co.

domain: pet


text:
Thick smog blankets Chinese capital
Kerry Brown from the University of Sydney's China Studies Centre says landing in Beijing was like being dropped in an icy bucket of filthy used water.
Source: ABC News | Duration: 8min 1sec
By Ben Wellings, Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Monash University
Britain's decision to leave the European Union has opened a fundamental crack in the Western world.
The boats are back, Medicare will be privatised and a "big thumping electricity tax" is coming. Or not. As we near the home stretch of the election campaign, the major parties have ramped up the scare campaigns.
Crochet king Phil Ferguson on food, self-confidence and which of his hats he'd like to dress Malcolm Turnbull in.
Here is a selection of photos sent in by ABC Open audience members from around Australia.

domain: news


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Dubai-based real estate master developer and asset manager Dubai Properties has announced the commencement of work on the new Marasi Business Bay marina. The installation of the pontoons, which marked the occasion, took place in the presence of Abdulla Lahej, group CEO of Dubai Properties at the Marasi Business Bay Promenade.
Launched by Dubai Holding and Dubai Properties Group in May 2016, the AED1 billion mixed-use Marasi Business Bay is well on track to becoming a sought-after waterfront destination. It features unique water homes with pools and floating restaurants, located along the city’s newest attraction – the Dubai Water Canal.
Marasi Business Bay hosts the Park, the Pier and the Marina that will eventually comprise 800 berths in total, making it the region’s first purpose-built yachting hub.
Set for completion in Q3 2017, the first phase of the marina will feature 157 berths varying in size from eight metres to 35 metres that are fitted out with all essential facilities for boat owners, including potable water, power supply, drainage and sewage in line with the highest international standards.
“Today marks a significant milestone in the development of Marasi Business Bay, which is testimony to our commitment of creating destinations that provide exceptional lifestyle experiences for residents and visitors alike – reinforcing Dubai’s position as a global tourism destination. The new marina at Marasi Business Bay will leverage latest advances in construction and engineering for its on-schedule completion, offering the city a new active urban lifestyle dimension and waterfront destination,” says Lahej.
Marasi Business Bay marina will be constructed using state-of-the-art Seaflex technology, making it one of the few marinas in the country to employ the innovative environmentally friendly mooring solution. Seaflex provides secure moorings even under the worst weather conditions. The stable and secure self-regulating system elongates and retracts in a smooth, even movement according to the water levels.
The one-of-a-kind Marasi Business Bay marina will offer unobstructed breathtaking views of Dubai’s skyline. It is the only marina in the emirate to combine the natural elements of greenery and water, with lush palms and planters providing verdant foliage all along the boardwalk.
Words by Farimah Moeini, Snapchat Head of Industry – Retail and Travel TheJuly 5, 2021 | By RetailME Bureau
Snapchat has been betting big on Augmented Reality’s (AR) retail future consideringJune 22, 2021 | By Jibran Chouguley
Union Coop has opened its 23rd branch within the UAE in Jumeirah
Nando’s has revealed their revamped Sheikh Zayed Road outlet where newcomers and
UAE-based Al Maya Group announced that it will be boosting import of
UAE-based grocery retail chain, Grandiose has opened its first hypermarket in Abu
UAE-based Carrefour announced its theme and plans for Ramadan 2021. The brand
Locally owned supermarket Spinneys celebrates 60 years of doing business in the
UAE-based Carrefour will become the first retailer in the region to offer new levels
The Organic Farmers’ Market is back in Bay Avenue for its 12th
UAE-based Lulu Group recently inaugurated its first-ever all-female staff store in Jeddah,
Jones the Grocer, the gourmet grocer and cheese retailer launches the Jones
UAE-based Al Maya Supermarkets is hosting a two-week food festival at select
UAE-based REDTAG will launch its specialized, new outlet in City Centre Deira
Extravagant, conceptual, great food and views are some of the ways that
UAE-based Al-Madina Group opened two new projects, Crown Mall and Mango Hypermarket,
Abu Dhabi’s state investment company ADQ is in talks to invest about $500 million
UAE-based REDTAG has launched its latest retail outlet on at Doha’s City Center
UAE-based Carrefour has opened a new store at the world’s busiest international
The once powerful department stores that anchored malls and streets around the
FILA has opened its new futuristic flagship store in Dubai Mall. The 158m²
Who isn’t a sucker for discounts? Customers today are spoiled for choice
The various e-commerce and virtual retail stores that cater to different product
UAE-based Times Square Center is getting ready to reveal its newly refurbished,
A private helicopter carrying the chairman and managing director of Lulu Group,


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Racked is no longer publishing. Thank you to everyone who read our work over the years. The archives will remain available here; for new stories, head over to Vox.com, where our staff is covering consumer culture for The Goods by Vox. You can also see what we’re up to by signing up here.
Are you FrEAkiNG OUT because Halloween is a month and some change away and you still don't have three costume options to choose from? Calm down! Here's a top notch Miley Cyrus one with DIY instructions, plus fun extras. It's from her "We Can't Stop" video but we're sure there's some modified versions out there that takes the VMAs into account. Bonus: It contains instructions for a Robin Thicke look for anyone...interested. [HalloweenCostumes.com]

domain: entertainment


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Don't let the title fool you: Man Seeking Woman is about much more than one man's pursuit of a partner. Over the course of its three seasons, the FXX series has shown the nuances of friendships, familial relationships, and every stage of dating. And thanks to Britt Lower's Liz, Man Seeking Woman has explored what dating can be like for women. But in the latest Liz-centric, or Woman Seeking Man, episode airing on Feb. 22, the series will explore a facet of Liz's life it hasn't before — and Lower tells Bustle that it's only the beginning.
"Dolphin" evolves from focusing on Liz's career to her relationship with her parents, including her and Josh's previously unseen father, played by Peter Gallagher. "I absolutely love the direction the writers took Liz in this episode because it’s kind of a rare departure for the show," Lower says. "It’s not about romantic love, but rather about, first of all, Liz’s love for her career, but also the validation that you seek from your parents."
Even amidst the multiple ridiculous, hilarious bits that you'd expect from Man Seeking Woman, viewers learn a lot about Liz in "Dolphin." Sure, we knew that she was incredibly successful and devoted to her career, but until now, we didn't realize just how important it was for her to make her parents proud. "There is that kind of vulnerability when you achieve something that your parents don’t think is as exciting as you think it is, that’s kind of like a bigger deal than falling in love sometimes," Lower says. And there's much more about Liz for Man Seeking Woman to explore — including something that may require another temporary title change.
"I’ll just go ahead and reveal this," Lower says, "Liz has had relationships with women." She's hoping that the series will dedicate a future episode to those relationships in a Woman Seeking Woman edition. "I think the show is due for it," she says. She's absolutely right, as one of the few aspects of dating that Man Seeking Woman hasn't explored is same-sex relationships, so this would be a great way to add that representation while bringing even more depth to Liz.
Romantic relationships aside, the actor also wants to meet the other women who Liz spends time with. "I'm really interested in her relationship to her female friends," she says. "I’m not sure who they are in her life, but I’m curious about them and if she has them and she if she wants more of them, because we don’t get to see Liz with any of her friends, really."
As fun as it's been to watch Josh hang out with his own best friend and flail his way through dating, now that he's settled down with Lucy, it may be time for Liz to take the spotlight. "Dolphin" suggests that their parents will be preoccupied with his upcoming wedding, but once all of that is over, maybe Man Seeking Woman can give us an entire arc of Woman Seeking... Someone.


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Is Conscient in 10th Floor, Tower D Global Business Park Mehrauli-Gurgaon Road, Gurgaon Haryana 122 002 your business? Claim your listing and attract more leads by adding more content, photos and other business details.
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domain: economics


text:
I like easy recipes that don't call for hard-to-find ingredients or lots of prep work. I also like reading old cookbooks and bringing some of the dishes up to date. My recipes don't require you to be a gourmet chef and many of them are simple enough for kids to tackle.
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Friday, February 21, 2014
Orange Sesame Vinaigrette
Here's everything you need to put this together.
Photo by Kate Tompkins
1 ounce sesame oil
1 ounce balsamic vinegar
2 ounces white vinegar
1 single serving packet Tang Orange crystals
Combine all the ingredients in a jar or bottle and shake. A
squeeze bottle like the one in the photo works beautifully for this—found mine
at a dollar store. Yes, I know the ratio of oil to vinegar is upside down, but
there’s enough sugar to cut the sharpness. If you prefer it a bit more mellow,
add another ounce of cooking oil, but don’t use more sesame oil as the flavour
will be too strong.
Makes approximately four ounces
I came up with this one day when I discovered I had no
dressing in the fridge to go with the salad I had just made, and wanted
something a little fancier than a straight oil and vinegar mix.

domain: hobby


The history of the Los Angeles Metro Rail and Busway system begins in the early 1970s, when the traffic-choked region began planning a rapid transit system. The first dedicated busway opened along the 10 freeway in 1973, and the region's first light rail line, the Blue Line (now the A Line) opened in 1990. Today the system includes over 160 miles (260 km) of heavy rail, light rail, and bus rapid transit lines, with multiple new lines under construction as of 2019.
In the first half of the 20th century, Southern California had an extensive privately owned rail transit network with over 1,200 miles (1,900 km) of track at its peak, used by the interurban cars of the Pacific Electric (“Red Cars”) and streetcars of the Los Angeles Railway (“Yellow Cars”). Many of these routes were constructed by real estate developers looking to lure people into their "streetcar suburbs."
In Downtown Los Angeles, train cars operated in the middle of city streets, and their frequent stops and crossings created traffic jams with increasing automobile traffic.: 29 By 1917, city leaders started discussing the need for a system of subway tunnels for the Red Cars to use under and around downtown. Tunnels would connect Downtown in two directions: north to Glendale and Burbank, Hollywood, and the San Fernando Valley; and west to Vineyard Junction from where trains continued to Santa Monica on one line, and to Venice and Redondo Beach on the other. In 1923, the city proposed a large central subway station under Pershing Square, to be the hub of what a system with tunnels to the north, west, south and east, thus removing all Red Cars (but not the intra-city Yellow Cars) from downtown streets. The proposed system was further worked out in a comprehensive transit plan by Kelker, DeLeuw & Co. commissioned by the city and county.
The northern tunnel was built and opened in 1925 as the “Hollywood Subway” (officially the Belmont Tunnel) through which the Glendale–Burbank, Hollywood and Valley Red Car lines ran. The Subway Terminal Building was built as its downtown terminus, and envisioned as the hub of a much more extensive subway system. The western tunnel or "Vineyard Subway" was never built, but in 1917, Arthur Letts and other business leaders formed a "Subway Rapid Transit Association" and spent $3.5 million ($74 million in 2021 adjusted for inflation) to buy a partial right-of-way for one through the Wilshire Center area. None of the other subway tunnels ever came to fruition.
The 1920s brought two important changes to Southern California: private automobiles became more affordable and were being purchased en masse and the region saw enormous population growth. Ultimately these changes would doom the rail system, as the streetcars were slower and less convenient than private automobiles. As the systems started losing money, city leaders and voters directed public funding to improving automobile infrastructure, instead of the rail system.: 29
During World War II (1941–1945), the system briefly returned to profitability due to gasoline rationing and troop movements, but after the war, ridership again quickly declined, especially as Southern California's freeway system started to be built out in the late 1940s.
Facing financial difficulties, the Los Angeles Railway was sold off to a subsidiary of National City Lines, a holding company that was purchasing transit systems across the country. National City Lines, which had major investments from Firestone Tire, Standard Oil of California (now Chevron Corporation) and General Motors, which began to dismantle the electric Yellow Car system, in favor of rubber-tired, diesel-powered buses (of which GM was a manufacturer) in what has become known as the General Motors streetcar conspiracy. In 1953, Pacific Electric passenger services were sold to another subsidiary of National City Lines.
The Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA), a government agency was formed in 1951 to conduct a feasibility study for a 45-mile (72 km) monorail line which would have connected Long Beach with the Panorama City district in the San Fernando Valley, including a two-mile (3.2 km) tunnel beneath Downtown Los Angeles. That report was delivered in 1954, and the agency's powers were expanded, authorizing it to study and propose an extensive regional transit system.
In 1957, another expansion of the MTA's powers authorized it to operate transit lines, and it subsequently purchased the bus and streetcar lines then being operated by Metropolitan Coach Lines, which had taken over passenger service of the Pacific Electric Railway in 1953, as well as the bus and streetcar lines of the Los Angeles Transit Lines, successor to the Los Angeles Railway. Both companies were acquired for $34 million (equivalent to $344 million in 2021). The MTA began operating the lines on March 3, 1958.
Despite the MTA's mission to create a regional transit system, the agency continued to abandon the old streetcar lines and replace them with bus service. The last former Pacific Electric line was abandoned in April 1961, and the last former Los Angeles Railway lines in 1963.
At the same time, across Southern California, privately owned bus companies were failing amid declining ridership. On August 18, 1964, the Southern California Rapid Transit District (RTD) was created from the merger of the MTA with eleven other failing bus companies and services in the Southern California region. As the name implied, the agency was also placed in charge of creating a rapid transit system for Southern California. The agency proposed building a 62-mile rail transit system across the county. The RTD brought the plan to voters, asking for a half-cent sales tax to fund the projects, but in 1968 it was voted down.
With the shift from electric rail transit to private automobiles, air quality in the Los Angeles Basin declined precipitously from the 1940s to the 1960s, and left Los Angeles residents especially vulnerable to the gas price spikes in the 1970s.: 31
These forces helped fuel a growing movement to build some sort of rapid transit system for the Los Angeles area, but the efforts would be slowed by the political realities of the region. Los Angeles County includes 88 cities in an enormous county (with its own powerful government), along with the state and federal government, all which had sometimes competing visions of what rapid transit should look like.: 32
The RTD, under the leadership of Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, came up with an ambitious proposal to get buy-in from all of the county: bus improvements across the region along with a sprawling system of 145 miles of rail transit. They took the proposal to voters in 1974, but once again a proposed sales tax increase failed. Bradley would later say the proposal was a victim of "bad timing," an eight-day RTD bus driver strike crippled the county's transit system in 1974 and property tax bills arrived the weekend before the election.: 46
The RTD did get one "win" in 1974: the El Monte Busway was opened, a bus-only lane (later converted to a high-occupancy vehicle lane).
After the defeat, the RTD and Bradley attempted to find existing sources of funding to build a less ambitious "starter line," an underground rapid transit line (also known as a subway) from Downtown to the west under Wilshire Boulevard. They saw this line as the "cornerstone" of any future system, due to population density of the Wilshire corridor, at the time the 5th most dense area in the nation.: 63
The small Los Angeles-centric system frustrated the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, particularly Baxter Ward, who wanted to build a sprawling system of less expensive light rail lines across the county.
In 1976, the State of California formed the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission to coordinate the Southern California Rapid Transit District 's efforts with the area's municipal transit systems and take over planning of countywide transportation systems. The SCRTD planned for a heavy rail subway, while the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission (LACTC) developed plans for a light rail system.
In 1980 voters passed Proposition A, a half-cent sales tax for a regional transit system. Los Angeles County Supervisor Kenneth Hahn was the author of the proposition, declaring, "I'm going to put the trains back." The ballot named seven transit corridors:
|1980 Ballot Corridor||Built as||Planned project|
|San Fernando Valley||Orange Line BRT||East San Fernando Valley LRT|
|West Los Angeles||Purple Line||Purple Line Extension|
Sepulveda Pass Transit Corridor
|South Central Los Angeles / Long Beach||Silver Line BRT (Harbor Transitway)
|South Bay (Los Angeles County) / Harbor||Green Line||Extension to Torrance|
|Century Freeway Corridor||Green Line|
|Santa Ana Freeway Corridor||West Santa Ana Branch Transit Corridor|
|San Gabriel Valley||Gold Line|
Caltrans surveyed the condition of former Pacific Electric lines in 1982.
The initial plan for the RTD's rapid transit line settled on a route that would travel west from Downtown Los Angeles along Wilshire Boulevard to Fairfax Avenue, then turn north along Fairfax to the San Fernando Valley. The route was controversial, with many residents and business owners in the Fairfax District publicly worried about gentrification traffic congestion, and parking, but observers believed that the real fear revolved around minorities using the subway to travel into more affluent neighborhoods.: 96
A methane explosion at a Ross Dress for Less clothing store at Fairfax and 3rd Street on March 24, 1985, gave Rep. Henry Waxman, who represented the Fairfax District, a reason to derail the project that was opposed by his constituents by prohibiting tunneling in an alleged "methane danger zone" along Wilshire. This zone stretched on either side of Wilshire Boulevard from Hancock Park to west of Fairfax (through areas of his district where subway opposition was strongest).
Congress passed the ban in 1986, but due in part to last-minute lobbying by RTD president Nick Patsaouras, compromise was reached between Waxman and Rep. Julian Dixon. The deal allowed funding to go through as long as it did not fund construction that passed through the Wilshire corridor, although the compromise allowed a one-mile (1.6 km) stub on Wilshire between Vermont and Western.
The groundbreaking for the first minimum operating segment (MOS-1) of the subway was held on September 29, 1986, on the site of the future Civic Center/Grand Park station. Construction of the short 4.5-mile (7.2 km) starter line would cost US$1.43 billion (US$2.68 billion in 2021 dollars). The federal government covered 48 percent of the cost, with the remaining 52 percent coming from local and state sources, including the funding from Prop A.
Construction was challenging, with crews discovering artifacts under Union Station, 15.5 million year old fossils, and old fuel oil tanks, all which needed to be delicately removed before proceeding with tunnel boring machines. One of the most ambitious parts of the project involved building a cut-and-cover tunnel with a “pocket track” to store subway cars, under MacArthur Park, which involved completely draining the eight-acre MacArthur Park Lake.
With a Wilshire/Fairfax corridor alignment prohibited, a new route was chosen north up Vermont, the next-highest projected ridership corridor, to Hollywood.
The route north from Vermont Avenue was originally proposed to be elevated, and would have required the purchase and demolition of one or more of the hospitals located near the corner of Vermont and Sunset Boulevard, in order for trains to make the turn west onto Sunset continuing on elevated tracks, a major impact upon the community. In addition, the owners of TV and radio stations, and recording studios, further west along Sunset (at that time KTLA, KTTV and KCBS were among several broadcast and post-production facilities and music recording studios located along the stretch of Sunset Boulevard) proposed as the route. They strongly protested, claiming that the vibrations and noise from passing trains would interfere with their sensitive microphones and recording equipment. The SCRTD later proposed to put trains underground along Sunset to mollify the media owners' concerns, but those same business interests strongly maintained that even underground trains would create sufficient vibrations to negatively impact their facilities, and vowed to file suit to prevent any rail line along their stretch of Sunset Boulevard.
By then, new rounds of Federal money were available, and then-SCRTD CEO, Allen Pegg, announced that the transit agency was very confident that sufficient funding for an entirely underground line, now proposed to travel under Hollywood Boulevard to avoid conflicts with the studios on Sunset, could be secured. The line would then turn north along Highland Avenue to Universal City and North Hollywood. A stop at Hollywood Bowl was determined not to have enough year-round ridership to meet FTA formulas for Federal funding, just one of the reasons for not building a station there. The FTA approved the all-underground route, turning from Vermont onto Hollywood Boulevard and then subsequently under the Cahuenga Pass towards North Hollywood, and funding was broken into two phases in order to spread the cost over time, making it more likely to be approved by Federal Congress.
Building awareness of the new Metro Red Line required a massive public relations and advertising campaign. Several agencies were awarded contracts to supply information, create signage and billboards, and produce radio, newspaper and television advertising. Coronado Communications, in alliance with sub-contractor Pangea Corporation, worked out a creative strategy to communicate to the Latino, Korean and Chinese communities. Under the direction of Coronado Communications' Fernando Oaxaca and Pangea's Cheryl Ann Wong, the campaign reached the target audience months before the Metro opened by utilizing traditional media and hosting special minority community events.
As plans for the subway line were underway, two intersecting light rail lines were also under construction: One largely along disused north-south Pacific Electric right-of-way through South Los Angeles, and, beginning in 1987, another built in conjunction with the new east–west Century Freeway. The freeway had been planned—and fiercely opposed—for more than a decade. As part of the consent decree signed by Caltrans in 1972 to allow construction, provisions were made for a transit corridor (without designating the type) in the freeway's median. In the original Metro Rail master plan of the early 1980s, this corridor was designated as a light rail line. Though Mayor Tom Bradley and other politicians intended this east–west line to be fully automated, the technology was not fully implemented, and the two light rail lines ended up sharing common rolling stock.
In 1988, the SCRTD and the LACTC formed a third entity under which all rail construction would be consolidated.
While the subway was a highly anticipated project, the LACTC's light rail Blue Line (later renamed the A Line in 2019) became the first local rail transit line in Los Angeles since the closure of the last Pacific Electric line in 1961. It was first opened to the public on July 14, 1990, running largely along an abandoned Pacific Electric right-of-way. The initial light rail segment cost US$877 million ($1.82 billion in 2021 adjusted for inflation). Design and construction was managed by the Rail Construction Corporation, now a subsidiary of Metro.
The initial segment was largely at-grade, running between Pico station in Downtown Los Angeles to Anaheim Street station in Long Beach. A loop through downtown Long Beach opened on September 1, 1990. On February 14, 1991, the line was extended further to its current northern terminus at the 7th Street/Metro Center station. In 1993, the 7th St/Metro Center station would become a transfer station, allowing riders to connect with the heavy rail subway Red Line.
In 1993, the SCRTD and the LACTC were merged into the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LACMTA), now branded as Metro. That year, the new agency finally opened its underground subway, dubbed the Red Line. The first segment was designated MOS-1, consisted of five stations from Union Station to Westlake/MacArthur Park, and opened on January 30, 1993.
Ridership on the short line was slow at first, basically serving as a lunch-time shuttle for downtown workers, and connecting them with Metrolink trains at the beginning and end of the work day. Over time, the line, along with the Walt Disney Concert Hall and Staples Center at either end of downtown, helped transform the area, which was then thought of as a daytime work destination that one avoided at night, into a “live, work and play” area that continues to draw new residents, cultural venues and entertainment centers.
The line along I-105, designated the Green Line, began service in 1995 at the cost $718 million ($1.28 billion in 2021 adjusted for inflation). One of its purposes when plans for it were drawn up in the 1980s was to serve the aerospace and defense industries in the El Segundo area. But by 1995, the Cold War was over, and the aerospace sector was hemorrhaging jobs. Furthermore, during the 1980s, the bedroom communities in the Gateway Cities region of southeastern Los Angeles County were rapidly losing their population of middle-class aerospace workers (primarily whites and blacks), a process that radically accelerated in the early 1990s. The working-class and poor Hispanics who filled the vacuum generally had no connection to the aerospace sector. This rationale for Green Line construction was a principal argument cited by the Bus Riders Union when it contended that the MTA was focusing its efforts on serving middle-class whites and not working-class minorities. As a result, ridership has been below projected estimates.
The Green Line's western alignment was originally planned and partially constructed to connect with LAX, but the airport was planning a major renovation during the line's construction. Los Angeles World Airports wanted the connection to LAX to be integrated with this construction, but there were concerns from the Federal Aviation Administration that the overhead lines of the rail line would interfere with the landing paths of airplanes. In addition, citizens of neighboring communities to LAX opposed the expansion of the airport. Taxi and limousine drivers and owners of parking lots surrounding LAX feared that a train operating to LAX would create competition, as there is ample free parking at numerous points along the Green Line. As a compromise, a free shuttle from Aviation/LAX Station transports riders to LAX terminals. Today, passengers on the Green Line can see the provision for the LAX extension—two concrete ramp stubs west of the Aviation/LAX station. These stubs are now being put into service as part of the Crenshaw Line.
As construction on the Red Line subway continued in 1995, a sinkhole appeared on Hollywood Boulevard, barely missing several workers and causing damage to buildings on the street. Subway construction was halted until the situation could be resolved. The contractor, Shea-Kiewit-Kenny, was replaced with a new contractor, Tutor Saliba.
MOS-2 opened in two segments. Three new stations between Westlake/MacArthur Park and Wilshire/Western opened in 1996,; and five new stations from Wilshire/Vermont to Hollywood/Vine opened in 1999. At this point the Red Line operated in two branches, with shared service between MacArthur Park and Union Station; the branch to Wilshire/Western was eventually designated as the "Purple Line" in 2006, and in 2019, as the D Line, with the North Hollywood Red Line redesignated as the B Line.
In 1998, in part in response to the perceived mismanagement of Red Line construction, Los Angeles County Supervisor Zev Yaroslavsky sponsored Los Angeles County Proposition A, the MTA Reform and Accountability Act of 1998, to ban the use of Los Angeles County revenue from existing sales taxes for subway tunneling, which voters approved. Yaroslavsky stated that local money could be used to cover subway-related costs, as long as it was not used directly for tunneling.
MOS-3, which added new stations and extended the Red Line from Hollywood/Vine to its current terminus at North Hollywood, opened in 2000. Litigation over an illegally awarded contract to build the Hollywood/Highland station and tunnels took more time to resolve than the actual construction.
During construction, 2,000 fossils were discovered, including 64 extinct species of fish, the tusk of an Ice Age elephant and the bones of an ancient longhorn bison, a report funded by the MTA found. The report was authored by paleontologist Bruce Lander of Paleo Environmental Associates in Irvine. Lander worked with a team of 28 scientists during construction of the Metro Rail Red Line. Fossil evidence showed that tens of thousands of years ago, ground sloths, horses, elephants and camels roamed among redwood trees in what is now Los Angeles, according to an MTA summary of the 300-page report. The scientists also found evidence of a great flood in the San Fernando Valley 9,000 years ago that swept away trees. Among the 64 extinct species of marine fish 39 had never before been discovered, the report said. The scientists found bones of an American mastodon, a western camel and a Harlan's ground sloth. They found wood and pollen of land plants including incense cedar and coast redwood trees, and bones of birds, shrews, cottontail rabbits, gophers, mice and kangaroo rats. Some of the fossils are as much as 16.5 million years old.
During construction there were allegations of corruption and safety issues, including cost overruns and tunnel walls having thicknesses less than specified or required by law.
Even relatively early, ridership began to outpace original plans for the system: the Blue Line was originally operated by two-car trains, but proved more popular than expected and 19 platforms were lengthened to accommodate three-car trains in 2002–2003 at a cost of US$11 million ($16.2 million in 2021 adjusted for inflation).
Meanwhile, plans had been underway for some time for rail transit connecting Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena and the San Gabriel Valley. The initial route largely followed the former right-of-way of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (the Pasadena Subdivision), along which inter-city passenger trains like the Southwest Chief and the Desert Wind had operated until Amtrak service was re-routed along the Southern Transcon to San Bernardino via Fullerton in the early 1990s.
Initial plans were to tunnel the Blue Line north and east from its terminus at 7th Street/Metro Center through Downtown Los Angeles to Union Station, from where it would continue onward to Pasadena. But with the project only around 11% complete, the 1998 passage of the ballot measure banning the use of sales tax revenue for subway tunnelling denied Metro the funding necessary for the underground portion of the project.
Congressman Adam Schiff subsequently authored a bill that created a separate authority to continue work on the mostly above-ground section connecting Union Station to Pasadena, and construction began again in 2000. The first segment, dubbed the Gold Line, opened between Union Station and Sierra Madre Villa on July 26, 2003.
The Gold Line implemented limited stop service in 2006 and 2007, but this was eventually replaced by overall speed improvements in 2007. A noise barrier was constructed along the route in South Pasadena between the Mission and Fillmore stations to address noise complaints from South Pasadena residents between April 2007 and July 2007 during track construction.
Main article: Orange Line (Los Angeles Metro)
In 1991, Metro acquired the former Southern Pacific Railroad Burbank Branch railbed through the San Fernando Valley. This line had seen passenger rail service from 1904 to 1920, with stations at several locations including North Hollywood and Van Nuys, and Pacific Electric Red Car service from North Hollywood to Van Nuys again from 1938 to 1952. Transit planners envisioned an extension of the Metro Red Line subway as the most natural use for the corridor because the purchased right-of-way began at North Hollywood station.
L.A. Mayor Richard Riordan suggested converting the right of way to an open trench — "Some way to get it out of the ground" — to save costs compared to the use of deep-burrow tunnel boring machines (TBM) while still addressing neighborhood objections to an elevated line. However, local community groups fiercely opposed such alternatives and, in fact, any rail construction that was not completely underground. In particular, the local Orthodox Jewish community, which the line would bisect, resisted an above-ground line; because Shabbat prohibits driving or using electricity from sundown Friday through Saturday, those travelling to synagogue are compelled to walk and, while not backed by any studies, local community leaders claimed they would be exposed to greater potential danger by crossing the line on foot, especially at night. Groups were organized and funded by the community to oppose anything but a subway.
In response, California state Senator Alan Robbins introduced legislation which prohibited the use of the corridor for "any form of rail transit other than a deep bore subway located at least 25 feet below ground." The legislation was passed in 1991 during what was called "the days of LA anti-rail zealotry". (The law would eventually be repealed in 2014.)
However, the passage of Proposition A in 1998 also cut off funding for a potential subway line in the corridor. With both subway and light rail now legally prohibited, but with growing political pressure to use the former railbed for "something," the last available option was a busway. This proposal was also opposed by neighborhood groups; however, since it was not prohibited by Robbins's law, it moved forward.
Construction began on the bus rapid transit line in September 2002. During construction, the contractor experienced several delays: a dead body was found tucked in a barrel along the alignment, and toxic soil had to be removed. In July 2004, an appeal by a local citizens' group known as C.O.S.T. (Citizens Organized for Smart Transit) was successful in convincing the California Court of Appeal to order a temporary halt to construction, claiming a network of Metro Rapid bus lines should have been studied as a possible alternative to the Metro Orange Line. The legal maneuver did not stop the project, but the 30-day delay cost taxpayers about $70,000 per day ($2.1 million total) to hold workers and equipment while the matter was resolved. The lawsuit was eventually thrown out of court by Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge David P. Yaffe, who also ordered C.O.S.T. members to pay $37,415.81 ($55,115 in 2021 adjusted for inflation) to the MTA for document-preparation work related to the case.
The route was eventually designated the Orange Line, after the citrus groves in the area. It was listed on Metro Rail system maps and mirrored its "honor system," with riders expected to have bought a ticket; there was no ticket validation or fare collection box on board. The route opened on October 29, 2005, between North Hollywood and Warner Center, at a final cost of $324 million ($23 million per mile) ($450 million and $31.9 million in 2021 adjusted for inflation). Within two years, capacity demands led to Metro deploying 65-foot (20 m) buses The agency had to receive a special waiver from Caltrans to operate the bus for testing purposes, since current state law only allows the operation of buses 60 feet (18 m) or shorter. 65-foot (20 m) buses have a seating capacity of 66 passengers and can accommodate 100 passengers.
In the 2008 election, Los Angeles County voters approved Measure R with 67.22% of the vote, just over the two-thirds majority required by the state of California to raise local taxes. The initiative provided sales tax revenue for transportation projects, including subway tunnelling, and will result in the construction or expansion of a dozen rail lines in the county.
On November 15, 2009, Metro opened the first phase of the Gold Line Eastside Extension. The project extended the Gold Line from Union Station to Atlantic Boulevard near Monterey Park. The extended route serves Little Tokyo, Arts District, Boyle Heights and East Los Angeles. The project added eight stations, two of which (Mariachi Plaza and Soto) are underground stations, only the second set of subway stations in the light rail portion of the Metro Rail system (after the 7th Street/Metro Center station).
Express bus service along the San Bernardino Freeway has been provided by the El Monte Busway since 1973. In the 1990s, a similar facility, the Harbor Transitway, was built along the Harbor Freeway. In 1993, Metro's Scheduling and Operations Planning department issued a report on what it called a "Dual Hub High Occupancy Vehicle Transitway." The report suggested that when the Harbor Transitway opened in 1995, it should be served by a "high speed, high capacity service" that would also serve the El Monte Busway. Existing express routes that traveled on the two facilities would be truncated to end at one of two hubs (El Monte station and the Harbor Gateway Transit Center) where passengers would transfer to a bus that would take them the rest of the way to Downtown LA.
In the end, Metro decided to adopt another proposal in the report, increasing service on the existing Harbor Freeway express lines and operating each as independent routes. Because most of the freeway express buses traveling on the El Monte Busway and Harbor Transitway served the needs of commuters, service was frequent along the corridors during the weekday peak hours, but infrequent during other times.
When the Harbor Transitway opened in 1995 it was seen as a white elephant. The route stopped a mile short of Downtown LA and the stations, being close to freeway traffic, were criticized as being noisy, polluted and appeared uninviting. Planners had projected that 65,200 passengers would travel along the Harbor Transitway each day, but after 10 years ridership fell far below those predictions, with the route seeing just 3,000 passengers per weekday in 2004. Starting in the early 2000s Metro tried to increase ridership on the two corridors by branding them as a part of the burgeoning Metro Rail system. The El Monte Busway was added to maps using a silver color, while the Harbor Transitway was added in bronze.
In 2007, Foothill Transit introduced the Silver Streak as a "single hub" service along the El Monte busway. Several Foothill Transit routes were truncated at El Monte station and passengers transferred to frequent, high capacity Silver Streak buses. The line was deemed a success.
In 2008, Metro once again looked at the concept of linking the El Monte Busway and the Harbor Transitway with a "Dual Hub Bus Rapid Transit" route. After several months of study the Metro voted to introduce the service as the Silver Line in summer 2009. Five Metro Express lines were truncated to terminate at either Harbor Gateway Transit Center or the El Monte station, where passengers would transfer to the Silver Line to continue into Downtown Los Angeles.
Metro also studied drastically changing the fare structure on the route. Previously, passengers on freeway express routes would pay zone fares up to $3.95 based on distance travelled. To encourage ridership, Metro looked into charging the same flat base fare ($1.50 at the time) used on Metro Rail, the Metro Orange Line, and Metro Local routes. The plan encountered heavy opposition from Foothill Transit who worried the low fares would reduce ridership on its more expensive Silver Streak service. In the end Metro set a flat-rate fare of $2.45, which was more than the base fare used on the rest of the system, but 30¢ cheaper than the Silver Streak. The fare fight delayed the opening of the Silver Line several months.
The line eventually opened in December 2009 and carried 6,200 passengers a day during the first month, similar to the combined ridership of the express routes the Silver Line replaced. Service operated half-hourly during the mid-day hours and hourly at night and on weekends. Over the next two years, ridership steadily increased to 11,000 daily passengers in October 2011. Encouraged by the results Metro continued to improve headways, operating buses every 15 minutes during the mid-day hours and every 40 minutes on Saturday.
The next Metro Rail line built followed the right-of-way first opened in 1875 as the steam-powered Los Angeles and Independence Railroad to bring mining ore to ships in Santa Monica harbor and as a passenger excursion train to the beach—first independently and later after purchase by the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1877. When the Santa Monica harbor closed to shipping traffic in 1909 the line was leased to Pacific Electric, which converted it to electric traction. By 1920 the line was called the Santa Monica Air Line, providing electric-powered freight and passenger service between Los Angeles and Santa Monica. Electrically powered passenger service stopped in 1953 but diesel-powered freight deliveries to warehouses along the route continued until March 11, 1988.
While Southern Pacific maintained ownership of the right-of-way, after 1988 it no longer used or maintained the rails. Portions of the right-of-way were leased for use as storage facilities, parking lots, impound lots, and various businesses, but no permanent structures were built. The abandonment of the line spurred concerns within the community to prevent the line from being sold off piecemeal—destroying one of the few remaining intact rail corridors within Los Angeles County. Advocacy groups including Friends 4 Expo Transit supported the successful passage of Proposition C in 1990, which allowed the purchase of the entire right-of-way from Southern Pacific by Metro (LACTC).
In 1998, Metro successfully lobbied the federal government to use funding that had been allocated for but not spent on the Red Line for a project along the Expo right-of-way project to the Mid-City district of Los Angeles. Metro then released a Major Investment Study in 2000 which compared bus rapid transit and light rail transit options along what was now known as the "Mid-City/Exposition Corridor". Construction began in mid-2006. The line was originally dubbed the "Aqua Line"; later it was redesignated the "Expo Line," though the line retained the aqua color.
An independent agency, the Exposition Metro Line Construction Authority, was given the authority to plan, design, and construct the line by state law in 2003. The first phase comprised the 8.6-mile (13.8 km) section between Downtown Los Angeles and Culver City. Construction began in early 2006 and most stations opened to the public on April 28, 2012. The Culver City and Farmdale stations opened on June 20, 2012.
On June 23, 2009, construction began on a four-mile (6.4 km) extension of the Orange Line busway from Canoga northward to the Metrolink station in Chatsworth. Metro's board approved the plan on September 28, 2006, and it was completed in 2012 at a cost of $215 million ($254 million in 2021 adjusted for inflation). This continues to follow the abandoned SP Burbank Branch roadbed. Revenue service opened on June 30, 2012.
When the Chatsworth extension of the Metro Orange Line opened on June 30, 2012, several different service patterns used the busway network, including a peak-hour shuttle between Chatsworth and Warner Center. To provide service on these shuttles, several NABI 45-foot (14 m) Compo buses were assigned to the Metro Orange Line. In 2018, Warner Center, which was the only stop on the line outside the dedicated busway, was removed from the Orange Line, with a frequent local shuttle service connecting it to Canoga; subsequently Orange Line buses only travelled along the busway, with alternate short turn buses at peak hours stopping at Canoga.
Major improvements to the Silver Line were made as part of the Metro ExpressLanes project to convert the El Monte Busway and the Harbor Transitway from lanes reserved for buses and high occupancy vehicles into high occupancy toll lanes that allow solo drivers to pay a toll to use lanes. Federal funding and some of the tolls collected were used to both refurbish the aging stations used by the Silver Line and improve frequencies on the route. The most drastic change happened at the crowded, 37-year-old El Monte Station which was demolished in 2010 and entirely rebuilt. The new station opened in October 2012 with more bus bays, staffed information counters, restrooms, improved lighting and security.
Stations along the Harbor Transitway were improved between early 2011 and late 2012 with the addition of real time arrival signs, new wayfinding signage, improved lighting and sound proofing. The Harbor Gateway Transit Center also received bathrooms and a substation for LA County Sheriff's deputies who now exclusively patrol Silver Line facilities.
Stations along the El Monte Busway were the last to be improved, each closing for a month in early 2015. During the closure staircases were replaced and new wayfinding signage, real-time arrival signs and improved lighting were installed.
Along the street-running portion of the Silver Line in Downtown Los Angeles, LADOT added bus priority to traffic lights to improve on-time performance in Downtown Los Angeles. This work was completed by October 31, 2012.
Starting in 2012, toll revenue used to improve service during peak hours was further improved with buses arriving as often as every 4 minutes, Saturday service frequency was improved to 20 minutes and to 30 minutes on Sundays. Sunday frequency was further improved to 20 minutes in December 2013.
As feared by Foothill Transit officials, the 30¢ higher fares on the Silver Streak meant passengers along the El Monte Busway often opted to ride the Silver Line to save money. That led to Silver Line buses operating at capacity during peak hours, with the larger Silver Streak buses being under-utilized. To address the problem a new reciprocal fare program between Metro and Foothill Transit called "Silver 2 Silver" was introduced as part of a one-year trial in October 2012. Fares on the Silver Streak were lowered match the price of the Silver Line and passengers with a valid pass may ride either route between Downtown Los Angeles and the El Monte Station. Toll funding from the Metro ExpressLanes was used to reimburse Foothill Transit for the cost difference. In October 2013 a review of the program deemed it a success and made it permanent.
While many freeway express lines on the Harbor Transitway were truncated after the introduction of the Silver Line, a notable exception was Metro Express Line 450X. Considered one of Metro's "premium express" routes, buses made very limited stops between Downtown Los Angeles and the Harbor Gateway Transit Center, skipping most of the stations along the Harbor Transitway. The route initially only ran during weekday peak hours, but was later extended to San Pedro and operated as a shuttle service between the Harbor Gateway Transit Center and San Pedro during off-peak hours and weekends.
In December 2015, Metro combined the Silver Line and Metro Express 450X. During off-peak hours and weekends some Silver Line trips traveled to San Pedro, and during weekday peak periods a Silver Line Express route, designated as Line 950X, operated between San Pedro and El Monte, skipping most of the stations along the Harbor Transitway. The change gave passengers a one-seat ride to San Pedro during the off-peak periods and created more Silver Line service on the El Monte Busway.
However, due to overcrowding on Silver Line buses during the peak period, the Silver Line Express buses began stopping at Manchester and Slauson stations in December 2016. With only two stations were skipped for a two-minute time savings. Metro discontinued Silver Line Express service completely in June 2017. Subsequently, the Silver Line had two service patterns: Line 910, which followed the original route between El Monte and Harbor Gateway, and Line 950, which continued beyond Harbor Gateway to San Pedro.
The Gold Line Foothill Extension project is a multistage project to extended the Gold Line beyond Pasadena into the northeastern part of Los Angeles county and into San Bernardino County. The first stage, called Phase 2A,[nb 1] running from Sierra Madre Villa station in Pasadena to APU/Citrus College station in Azusa, opened on March 5, 2016.
The construction of this segment involved replacing a steel railroad bridge at the point where the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe right-of-way departed from I-210 in Arcadia. Caltrans deemed the structure unsafe following the 1994 Northridge earthquake, and it was replaced by a new structure known as the Gold Line Bridge, designed by Minnesota artist Andrew Leicester. The woven-basket look of the bridge's support columns emulate the famed woven baskets of the native Gabrielino/Tongva of the San Gabriel Valley while the underbelly of the bridge is supposed to evoke a Western diamondback rattlesnake.
Phase 2A also included the construction of a 27-acre (11 ha) new maintenance and operations facility in the city of Monrovia for servicing and storing up to 84 light rail vehicles
Metro conducted study on the Expo Phase 2 from 2007 to 2009 and approved the project in 2010, with planned opening to Santa Monica in early 2016. The Expo Construction Authority officially handed over control of the Expo Phase II track to L.A. Metro for the county transit agency to begin pre-revenue train testing on January 15, 2016. This phase was opened on May 20, 2016.
Design and construction on the 6.6-mile (10.6 km) portion between Culver City and Santa Monica started in September 2011. Testing along the phase 2 segment began on April 6, 2015, and the segment opened on May 20, 2016.
After construction was completed, the line was handed over on January 15, 2016, to the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority for testing and operation. The line opened on May 20 of that year.
A six-year, $1.2 billion ($1.37 billion in 2021 adjusted for inflation) overhaul of the Blue Line began in late 2014 with several months of projects to refurbish several stations that were completed in July 2015. The next major improvement came to the rolling stock on the line, which included $130 million to refurbish older light rail vehicles and $739 million to purchase 78 new vehicles.
The final phase of improvements began in 2019, where large sections of the line were closed for months as crews replaced tracks and overhead wiring, upgraded signal systems, refurbished aerial rail bridges (including the elevated Slauson, Firestone, and Del Amo stations), and completely rebuilt Willowbrook/Rosa Parks station. The section of the line south of Willowbrook was closed for most of the first half of the year, and the section north of that was closed most of the second half; the second closure also affected the downtown portion of the Expo Line for several months. During the closure, the Regional Connector tunnels were connected to 7th St/Metro Center. Willowbrook/Rosa Parks station was closed during the entire project due to the large amount of work being conducted.
When the Blue Line reopened on November 2, 2019, it was redubbed the A Line, while retaining its blue coloring on maps. This was the beginning of a process under which Metro Rail and Busway lines would begin to be identified by a letter name rather than the previous system of colors. The Expo Line began to be referred to as the E Line at the same time. Soon after, the Red Line became the B Line, the Green Line became the C Line, the Purple Line became the D Line, the Gold Line became the L Line, the Orange Line became the G Line, and the Silver Line became the J Line.
the controlling interest remained part of the Huntington estate until 1945 when the Fitzgerald Brothers purchased those shares. LARy became part of the National City Lines, was renamed the Los Angeles Transit Lines, and eventually the streetcars were phased out, replaced by motor buses.
Metropolitan Coach Lines was incorporated in California on May 18, 1953; Haugh capitalized it at $8.5 million, $7.2 million of which was to cover the purchase price of the Pacific Electric assets and the remainder was for organizational expenses and working capital. The sale was completed on October 1, 1953, with PE’s entire passenger operating rights and all facilities and property related to the bus lines being turned over to Metro. These included the Pasadena, Ocean Park and West Hollywood garages, Macy Street shops, servicing and storage locations at Van Nuys, Sunland, Long Beach (Morgan Avenue) and Echo Park Avenue, stations at Pomona, Riverside and Whittier, and 695 buses.
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text:
Chief Executive Elon Musk said on Twitter he is considering taking Tesla Inc private at US$420 per share as the electric vehicle maker faces the challenges of fast growth and financial constraints, sending its shares up more than 6 per cent.
"I don't have a controlling vote now & wouldn't expect any shareholder to have one if we go private", Musk said in a follow-up tweet.
"Am considering taking Tesla private at $420".
A deal at $420 per share represents a 22.8% premium to Tesla's closing price on Monday, valuing the company at about $72bn.
Tesla did not immediately respond to a request for confirmation or clarification. The company had a market value of $58 billion as of Monday's close.More news: Total lunar eclipse from today
Unlike publicly listed companies, private firms do not have to share details of their finances and operations.
On April Fool's Day, Mr Musk, who owns nearly 20% of the company, joked on Twitter about Tesla going bankrupt.
While Musk is known for making erratic tweets, he tweeted "420" in a reply to Fox Business anchor Liz Claman, following up on his initial tweet.
Shares in Tesla were up sharply following the tweet, trading at $363 at the time of writing. Musk has had feuds with regulators, critics and reporters, and questions remain about Tesla's production and manufacturing difficulties, long-term demand for its cars and uncertainty over funding.
Tesla has spent millions as it reached a goal of producing 5,000 Model 3 sedans per week by the end of June.

domain: finance


text: Good photography save lives. Many rescue groups and shelters struggle with the way they advertise their pets available for adoption. As an award-winning photographer focusing on dogs, I have acquired lots of experience photographing our furry friends, from stray dogs to posh fashion models. I decided to put my skills at the service of rescuers and shelters in need. I spend several days each month volunteering with various rescues and municipal shelters to photograph their adoptable pets. I also develop fine-art projects to shed a light on overlooked groups. My most recent project was about pit bulls (Flower Power series). It was picked up by media all over the world and helped the dog models get noticed by potential adopters.


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Solar street lights have no malevolent impacts whatsoever on the atmosphere like the traditional ones. The utilization of solar energy to drive street lights is tremendously safe and, in fact, far improved than the use of traditional street lights run by electricity, which is produced from non-replenishable sources. Also, the use of these non-replenishable sources to operate traditional street lights also leads to the making of carbon dioxide as a by-product, which is extremely harmful to the environment.
Visibility and Radiance
Most of the latest solar-powered street lights are fastened with LED lights or have built-in LEDs. LEDs are usually colored so that it can reach the wanted CRI, which makes them resemble sunlight as closely as possible and enhancing night-time visibility as a result of the procedure. Traditional street lights usually have incorporated metal halide lamps, which are not much effective beating the visibility provided by solar-LED street lights.
The traditional street lights have a lifespan of about 5,000 hours. The whole lifespan of a solar street light by means of an LED lamp is as many as around ten times the life expectancy of traditional street lights.
Solar street lights keep the highways well-lit all through the night regardless of power cuts or grid errors. Traditional street lights can frequently stop working in the incident of a grid failure.
The solar lights for the streets are very effective in its function. The brightness of the light is sufficient, which helps in stopping all types of street crimes. The traditional street lights are not much effective as the brightness is very low as compared to the solar lights.


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When winter comes, as it does every year, your plants are liable to frost damage. This is one of the unavoidable truths of home-ownership.
Around Portland, there are so many excellent gardeners that you can almost hear a collective cringe when the temperatures dip much below 40°.
However, it is possible to protect your plants from frost damage and keep your landscape healthy for the next year. This post is all about just that: how to protect your plants from frost.
Cover Your Plants from Frost
Covering your plants from the elements is a great way to ward off frost damage.
There are several materials you can use to shield your beauties from the elements, including plastic sheeting, fabric, and newspaper. If your plants are in pots or other containers, move them under the eaves of your home, if not into the garage or the home itself.
Make sure that you secure whatever cover you use so that it’s not blown away or easily disturbed by wandering critters.
Stay Informed: When Does Frost Pose a Threat?
Plants are, in fact, relatively hearty. While it may be tempting to worry about your landscaping when you find need to wear a scarf and wool coat, your plants are far more hearty.
At least your native plants should be able to handle most chilly evenings, including when the temps drop below freezing. The threshold temperature seems to be around 28°, which can be low enough to do some damage to your most vulnerable plants, especially tropical plants.
If the temperatures are dipping into the 20’s, it’s time to keep an eye out for your plants. If you are facing a night where it will drop below 25° for many hours, your plants are all facing real damage.
Most of the damage will come from drying, so monitor the forecast and provide a generous watering prior to a deep freeze.
Select the Right Plants for Your Area
Planting hearty, native species in your garden is the very best way to avoid frost damage.
Local species have the genetic make-up to ward off the cold of most any ordinary winter in their native land.
However, there are those winters that can surprise them – and you – with abnormal freezes. For a prime example, consider how even Florida must ward off frost in its orange groves during those unusually cold winters.
If you simply must have more delicate plants, you might consider making them the exception in the garden so that you have less to worry about, and less to cover, when winter arrives.
You can even plant your delicate plants under trees or with larger, heartier plants surrounding them. Protecting your plants from frost damage can be as simple as giving them large friends.
Even if your plants seem harmed by frost and freezing, all may not be lost. The best advice in the case of being too late for the cold is to do nothing until spring at that point. When the sunshine and warmer temperatures return, you can assess the true nature of the damage, if any.
Let Us Help Protect Your Plants
Crowley Landscape Management is the Portland Metro Area’s premier expert on landscape and garden solution.
If you have more questions on how to protect your plants from frost damage or which plants would do best in your environment, contact us for expert guidance for the chilly, wet Oregon months.
We can also be reached by phone at (503) 682-3090. We look forward to helping you with your plants!

domain: biology


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What you would do: Open your launcher, click edit a profile, then press "Open Game Dir" find the saves folder and put the world file into the saves folder. if you want to install the resource pack, go to the folder called resource packs and drag and drop it into there. That should be it.
This is a Map and Resource Pack that re-creates the location from the popular horror game, Five Nights At Freddy's. Its perfect for Adventure, Roleplay, or just destroying it with TNT! The Map contains the Resource Pack so you don't have to download anything else but you can download it separately. If you have any problems with sounds, textures, etc please let me know and i will get right on it. You can also check out my WIP Five Nights at Freddy's 4 map here. Features: - A huge variety of 3D models that enhance the map - A functioning power system that shuts down at night - Animatronics that come alive at night - Functioning Cameras - Working Doors - Wearable Suits - Edible Pizza! Videos:
There is a Resource pack that you need to install, then download the map, after you set that up you need to launch Minecraft version 1.8.9, then just select the map. Put Recource pack here C:\Users\(User)\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\resourcepacks,
Map here C:\Users\(User)\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\saves (For Pc)
How did you get the cameras to actually work because i want to make a map with cameras? I will give credits to you for the resource pack for this map and also i love it i would give it 5 stars reply when ever you can.
Did you use commands to make the animatronics move at night this so cool!
Could i use some of the models for my map i want to make.
Can i use your resource pack with out my map would look kind of ugly.
Your map is just awesome i have seen other FNAF maps and out of all of them yours is the best I have ever seen

domain: game


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No booking fees!
FREE cancellation in most cases!
Early booking discount - 15% for hotel accommodation in the period 01.05.2015 - 31.10.2015 , for reservations made before 15.02.2015 , 100% payment in advance. » Book now
Wellness hotel "Aqua Azur" is located in tourist resort "St. St. Konstantin and Elena", a hundred meters away from the beach. A combination of modern architectural and technological solutions, the locations avails with splendid recreation opportunities. The complex proximity to the city of Varna offers good opportunities of organization of business-forums and meetings. The stylish SPA center is an attractive choice for hotel guests and residents of Varna.
Aqua Azur hotel is located in the northern part of St. Constantine and Elena resort, 150m away from the beach.
Distance to beach:
Distance to center: 1km
Distance to airport: 20km to Airport Varna
Distance to bus station: 0,05km
Distance to railway station: 10km
Distance to cash machine: 0,1km
Distance to restaurants: 0,4km
Distance to shops: 0,4km
Address: St. Constantine and Elena 9002, Bulgaria
• Safety deposit box • Currency exchange • Shops • Internet corner • Fax • Credit card payment • Laundry • Room service 00:00 - 24:00 • Wake-up calls • Rent-a-car • Taxi services • Parking • Table tennis • Pool
Hotel "Aqua Azur" has 163 double rooms.
Light, spacious and stylish, the hotel restaurant is a genuinely good choice for the connoisseurs of a good cuisine. The restaurant has a capacity of 180 seats indoors and 50 seats on the restaurant terrace, with a view to the hotel park. It is a wonderful location to organize family events and company ceremonies, combining tasty food, good music and dancing on the dance-floor.
The lobby bar sports 50 seats and a terrace to the outdoors swimming pool. The bar offers a rich assortment of drinks you could taste while enjoying the two unique sea aquariums.
The pool bar offers a variety of cooling and refreshing drinks you could try, seating comfortably in the pool itself. It is not you who has to go to the drinks – they will come to you instead! The combination of lovely music, icy cocktail and sun makes the sensation memorable.
Bar for connoisseurs with a varied list of refined drinks and cocktails. Situated within the territory of the hotel SPA center, the bar is the ideal location of leisure and sensory relishing.
# Swimming pools
# - Fitness
# - Sauna
# - Turkish bath /hamam/
# - Jacuzzi
# - Solarium
# - Rest room
# - Gym
# - Cosmetic procedures
# - Massages
# - Water procedures
# - Manikure and Pedikure
No booking fees apply. Cancellation is FREE, except for last minute bookings - you can see the terms for free cancellation when you select dates and services.
|Season||Season A||Season B||Season C||Season D||Season F|
DBL room standard
(price for 2 adults + 2 children)
|35 €||40 €||57 €||75 €||42 €|

domain: travel


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Your investments are personal, and so you’ll get real people to answer your questions. Don’t hesitate to contact us if you have any questions about StashAway.
Our goal is to reply within the same day. Sometimes, it may take us until the following business day to get back
Mon-Fri 9:00 AM-6:00 PM SGT (excluding public holidays)
Contact us at email@example.com
36 Robinson Road
3rd floor WeWork City House
Start investing to take control of your financial future.


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Everyone is talking about ramen, and there’s a ramen shop in almost every East Bay neighborhood. But what about all the other delicious Asian soups out there with the same soul-warming potential? Here are ten soups (at eight venues) you might not have thought of.
Archive for August 13th, 2007
This past weekend many of my favorite activities came together under one roof for one night only in San Francisco. On Saturday August 12, from 7 – 9 PM Slideluckpotshow brought handmade food, art, artists, friendliness, beautiful thought-provoking images, eating new things, seeing old friends and making new ones, giddy excitement at the spontaneousness of […]

domain: artistic


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Assam A Bill to prohibit polygamy will be introduced this fiscal year, Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma announced on Sunday, hours after an expert committee’s report on the state’s ability to do so was submitted.
Speaking at a press conference at this location, he said that the expert committee, which had earlier in the day delivered its findings, had unanimously agreed that the state could create its own laws to outlaw polygamy.
“The study unanimously concluded that the state government had the authority to enact polygamy legislation. Such a law can be passed by the state legislature, he noted.
Sarma noted that the panel had specified that the President, not the Governor, must grant the Bill his or her assent.
“The committee has noted that the Muslim law makes no reference to age. We can thus introduce state law with the exact requirements as those in the POCSO Act to eliminate the inconsistency with it, he continued.”
The chief minister responded in the affirmative when asked if Assam would introduce a law to outlaw polygamy.
The measure would undoubtedly be implemented during this fiscal year, he stressed.
According to Sarma, it will be decided whether the relevant Bill will be introduced at the Assembly’s upcoming September session, December session, or budget session.
As a similar law has never been presented in Assam, we would need to give the MLAs some time to debate this bill. In our Cabinet meeting, we will make a decision, he continued.
The situation would be different, according to the chief minister, if the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) went into effect before the state’s anticipated polygamy law.
He responded, “There is not much need to take the opinion of groups and social organizations because we have the pulse that Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, and all other communities have accepted our effort.
“There is no justification to object. However, there is no issue if the Cabinet decides to consider the viewpoints of all parties since we have time for that.” Few people are opposed to this move.
The government’s plan to pass a polygamy law was previously criticized by the opposition parties as divisive and communal, especially at a time when the Law Commission is currently accepting proposals regarding the UCC.
The expert committee established by the Assam government to assess whether the state legislature was capable of passing a bill to outlaw polygamy delivered its findings to the chief minister earlier in the day.
On Twitter, Sarma shared photographs of the review’s cover and the panel individuals giving him the report.
The expert committee turned in its report today. Regardless of caste, creed, or religion, Assam is now getting closer to developing a supportive environment for women’s empowerment, he continued.
Sarma announced the creation of the four-person expert group on May 12 under the leadership of Justice (Ret.) Rumi Kumari Phukan.
The committee also includes senior additional advocate general Nalin Kohli, senior advocate Nekibur Zaman, and state advocate general Devajit Saikia in addition to Phukan.
The committee’s mandate was extended by the Assam government on July 18 with effect from July 13 to August 12.
The underlying cutoff time for the advisory group to present its discoveries was 60 days.
Its task was to examine the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Act of 1937’s provisions in accordance to the Directive Principles of State Policy for a Uniform Civil Code, as well as Article 25 of the Constitution.
Sarma claimed that on July 13, the Assam government informed the relevant parties that it supported the UCC and sought to outlaw polygamy right away in the state.
Parliament would decide on the UCC, but the state might potentially make a decision with the President’s approval, he had noted.

domain: politics


Marshall Origin 20C
This 20W combo is designed for those that like expression through innovation. Using a Celestion V type speaker the Origin20CTM provides a classic all-valve Marshall tone. A 2-way footswitch allows you to control the gain boost and turn the FX loop on and off. With classic styling and modern features this amp generates rich, harmonic tones so that you can craft a sound to suit your personality.
ADD A LITTLE BOOST
The footswitchable gain boost feature allows you to develop your sound by adding an extra level of gain to deliver crunch to your tone.
YOU HAVE THE POWER
To suit your playing environment, from the bedroom to the studio we have introduced new power reducing technology, PowerstemTM, allows you to have high, medium or low power modes.
TILT YOUR SOUND
With one channel, this amp still offers a variety of tones. By using the tilt control you can vary your sound from normal to high treble to access the one you prefer.
CONTROL YOUR TONE
Increasing the master volume can give you that classic overdrive sound and using the presence control you can increase the high frequency.
Output wattage: High power 20W, mid power approix 3W, low power approx 0,5W
Outputs: Speaker outputs: 3 x 1/4" jack sockets (16Ω/8Ω load), DI out (1/4” jack)
Inputs: 1 x 1/4" jack instrument input, footswitch
Controls: Volume, boost, tilt, bass, middle, treble, presence, powerstem
Effects loop: Yes, Series, Send/Return
Preamp valves: 3 x ECC83
Power amp valves: 2 x EL34
Speaker configuration: 1x10”
Speaker model: Celestion V type (16Ω, 50W)
Cable: Power cable included
Footswitch: PEDL-90016 included
Weight: 13,9 kg
Width: 520 mm
Height: 440 mm
Depth: 240 mm


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Dogs, our loyal four-legged companions, deserve a dedicated space where they can expend energy, socialize, and have fun safely. That's where the Community Dog Play Area comes into play, a place designed specifically for our canine friends. In this article, we will explore the benefits of these spaces, why they are important for our dogs, how they also benefit the community, and how you can get involved.
What Is a Community Dog Play Area?
A Community Dog Play Area, often referred to as a dog park or canine park, is a fenced and specially designed space for dogs. These areas offer a safe environment where dogs can run freely, play with other dogs, and exercise. They are typically equipped with benches for dog owners, waste disposal facilities, and sometimes even agility obstacles for athletic dogs.
The Benefits of a Community Dog Play Area
1.Socialization: Community dog play areas are ideal for allowing your dog to meet and interact with other dogs. This promotes your dog's socialization and helps them learn to communicate and play with other animals.
2.Physical Exercise: Dogs need regular exercise to stay healthy and avoid boredom. These areas provide a space where your dog can run, jump, and play freely, which is essential for their well-being.
3.Mental Stimulation: The variety of scents, sounds, and activities in a community dog play area stimulates your dog's mind. This can help reduce anxiety and enhance their mental well-being.
4.Bonding: These areas offer an opportunity for dog owners to spend quality time with their pets, strengthening the bond between them.
5.Education: The areas can be perfect places to work on obedience and agility exercises with your dog.
How Community Dog Play Areas Benefit the Community
The benefits of community dog play areas are not limited to dog owners; they extend to the entire community:
1.Reduction of Undesirable Behaviors: By providing a space for dogs to expend their energy, these areas help reduce destructive behaviors and excessive barking at home.
2.Promotion of Owner Responsibility: Dog owners learn to better understand their pet's behavior, which can lead to improved responsibility in terms of cleanliness and their dog's behavior in public.
3.Community Bonding: Community dog play areas often become meeting points for dog owners. This fosters connections between neighbors and strengthens the social fabric of the community.
4.Safety: By offering a fenced space for dogs, these areas ensure that our four-legged friends remain safe, contributing to the peace of mind of the community.
Stay Informed, Engage, and Contribute!
We hope this article has provided you with an overview of the many benefits of Community Dog Play Areas, both for our four-legged friends and for the community as a whole. If you are passionate about dogs or own one, there are numerous ways to stay informed, engage, and even contribute to the promotion of these valuable spaces.
1.Subscribe to Our Newsletter: If you want to stay updated on the latest news about dog parks, upcoming events, and tips for your dog's well-being, subscribe to our newsletter. You'll receive updates directly in your inbox.
2.Leave Your Comment: If you have personal experiences or anecdotes to share about the Community Dog Play Areas in your area, feel free to leave a comment below. We'd love to hear your stories and suggestions.
3.Contribute as an Author: If you're a dog enthusiast, a canine behavior expert, or have valuable tips to share, consider contributing as an author to our blog. You can submit your own articles to further raise awareness in the community about the importance of dog spaces.
Community Dog Play Areas are a valuable addition to our communities. They offer a space for play and socialization for our four-legged friends, promote their well-being, strengthen the bonds among dog owners, and contribute to the safety and cleanliness of our neighborhoods. Whether you are a dog owner or not, these spaces are a precious resource for our community, demonstrating that our four-legged friends deserve a special place in our hearts and public spaces. Join us in this endeavor and share your passion for dogs!
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ADB okays $15m aid to help quake-hit districtsThe Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a new $15 million grant to rebuild schools, provide micro loans to help restore livelihoods, and to boost awareness of disasters in the 14 districts most severely affected by the recent earthquakes in Nepal.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a new $15 million grant to rebuild schools, provide micro loans to help restore livelihoods, and to boost awareness of disasters in the 14 districts most severely affected by the recent earthquakes in Nepal.
The grant is provided by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction, a fund set up by the Japanese government in 2000 to support poverty reduction and social development in ADB projects. ADB will manage the grant.
“Destroyed homes, farmland and businesses, and lost livestock and harvests
will push at least 700,000 additional Nepalis below the
poverty line, many of them in the hard-hit rural central
hill and mountain areas where poverty was already
high,” said Mayumi Ozaki, financial sector specialist with the ADB’s South Asia Department. “We must help families get back on their feet as soon as possible so they can rebuild their lives.”
On top of the $15 million grant, the Nepal government will provide an additional $1.3 million and the Small Farmers Development Bank, a Nepali umbrella micro finance bank, will provide $1.5 million.
Around $8.1 million of the overall funding will be used to rebuild at least 14 model disaster-resilient schools, $7 million will be mobilized to provide micro credit to at least 12,500 households in the affected districts, and a further $1.9 million will finance training to help people better understand how to prepare and cope with disasters. The remaining funds will be used for contingencies.
The 7.8 magnitude earthquake on April 25, followed by a major aftershock on May 12, affected the livelihoods of an estimated 2.3 million households and 5.6 million workers across 31 districts. This resulted in personal income losses of around $170 million in the last fiscal year that ended on July 15.
Most of these poor households have no access to the formal banking system, with many relying on micro finance institutions, which cannot meet demand for credit from affected households due to their own limited funding.
Schooling was also disrupted by the tremors, which destroyed over 26,000 classrooms in public and private schools and damaged a further 26,000. Damage and losses in the education sector are
estimated at around $310 million. Lengthy periods away from school are linked to poor education attainment and lower job prospects.
The $15 million grant adds to a $3 million disaster-response grant approved by the ADB on May 27 and a $200 million emergency loan approved on June 24. The ADB may also reassign funds from existing projects in Nepal to help the country recover.


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Online Click & Collect Order for collection on: Saturday 9th December
Lean strips of our free-range pork fillet with peppers, mushrooms & onions. Ideal for an easy healthy meal to accompany rice or noodles. Variety of flavours available.
Please note: the Chinese stir-fry kit uses dry-cured gammon strips
Average pack size = 350g (£3.50)
OFFER: 3 packs for £10
Discount will be applied upon order collection
Please Note: Product prices displayed are an estimation, as the majority of our pricing is based on weight.
Final order pricing will be confirmed upon order collection

domain: food


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Food Home » Recipes » Lombata Di Maiale/Stuffed Pork Tenderloin
Lombata Di Maiale/Stuffed Pork Tenderloin
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 medium onion diced
- 1 medium carrot diced
- 1 celery stalk diced
- 2 bay leaves
- Black peppercorns
- 1 pork tenderloin cleaned butterflied and pounded to ¼" thickness
- salt and pepper
- 1 tablespoon fresh rosemary chopped
- 1 T chopped fennel seeds
- 4 ounces gorgonzola sliced into strips
- 8 dried Calimyrna figs flattened
- 1 cup white wine
- Butterfly pork loin and pound to ¼' thickness. flatten figs by cutting in an X on bottom.
- Season meat with salt and pepper and sprinkle with rosemary and fennel line gorg and proscuitto and figs in center.
- Roll with twine put a rosemary stem in twine. Heat pan and oil.
- Sauté veg, brown all side of meat, deglase.
- Finish in oven 350 until meat registers 155, about 15 min.
- Serve with roasted potatoes with red pepper puree.
Search or Browse Recipes


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In 2011, Sean Carroll wrote an essay on why — from a science perspective — our minds must be extinguished at death
Rapid eye movement may indicate neural activity, but dreaming for me implies a conscious awareness of the dream state, which I consider as unlikely in spiders.
Something immaterial can’t have an effect on the material realm, presumably, so how would it be selected as advantageous by Darwinian natural selection?
A materialist view of reality leaves out much of reality (love, reason, mercy, truth, etc.) so skittish materialists often call themselves “physicalists.”

domain: psychology