text:
Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by core decompression and implantation of fully functional ex vivo-expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a proof-of-concept study
Authors Mardones R, Camacho D, Monsalvo F, Zulch N, Jofre C, Minguell JJ
Received 9 August 2018
Accepted for publication 12 December 2018
Published 1 March 2019 Volume 2019:12 Pages 11—16
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Bernard Binetruy
Rodrigo Mardones,1 Daniel Camacho,1,2 Francisco Monsalvo1 Nicolás Zulch,1 Claudio Jofre,3 José J Minguell3
1Department of Orthopedics, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; 2Department of Orthopedics, Instituto Traumatológico, Santiago, Chile; 3Centro de Terapia Regenerativa Celular, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
Background: Based on several attributes involved in bone formation, bone marrow-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been employed in the treatment of patients suffering from femoral head osteonecrosis. Due to the low content of MSCs in the bone marrow, ex vivo expansion procedures are utilized to increase the cell number. Customarily, before administration of the resulting expanded cell product MSCs to the patient, its cellular identity is usually evaluated according to a set of “minimal phenotypic” markers, which are not modified by ex vivo processing. However, MSC functional (“reparative”) markers, which are severely impaired along the ex vivo expansion routine, are usually not assessed.
Patients and methods: In this proof-of-concept study, a cohort of five avascular osteonecrosis patients received an instillation of ex vivo-expanded autologous MSCs, manufactured under controlled conditions, with an aim to protect their functional (“reparative”) capacity.
Results and conclusion: Outcomes of this study confirmed the safety and effectiveness of the MSC-based therapy used. After a follow-up period (19–54 months), in all patients, the hip function was significantly improved and pain intensity markedly reduced. As a corollary, no patient required hip arthroplasty.
Keywords: avascular necrosis, femoral head, osteonecrosis, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy
Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis, aseptic necrosis or ischemic bone necrosis, is a condition that occurs when blood supply to a bone is interrupted and/or reduced. Therefore, the involved bone might collapse and frequently progress to osteoarthritis. In the early stages of the disease, most treatments are focused on preventing further bone collapse. Among them, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or other medications are used with an aim to relieve pain and inflammation associated with AVN. In turn, when the disease is fairly advanced, treatment options include total hip arthroscopy (THA) and femoral head core decompression. Given that AVN typically affects young patients, the above-indicated methods do not represent outstanding curative options.1–4
Bone regeneration,5,6 a rather complex physiological process, involves the participation of several componentsand mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one among them. These have the potential to differentiate into bone-forming cells as well as to produce specific signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, others) and extracellular matrix molecules.7–10 As a result, several studies have been performed to assess in AVN patients the clinical effectiveness elicited by the instillation of diverse bone marrow products containing MSCs. The latter include bone marrow aspirates,11,12 bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell fraction13,14 and/or bone-marrow-derived ex vivo-expanded autologous MSCs.15–17
In almost all reported clinical studies employing MSCs as the “reparative cell product”, the standard criteria for MSC characterization include the assessment of a “minimal set” of phenotypical attributes, including morphology, in vitro differentiation and expression/no expression of a set of surface molecules.18 However, the latter in any case validates MSC functional (“reparative”) status, which is modified alongside ex vivo processing,19–21 as well as by patient conditions at inclusion, comprising age, gender, comorbidities and/or concomitant medication.22–28
Consequently, the safety and effective use of an ex vivo-manipulated MSC product is associated with several factors. Among them are the following factors: 1) the assurance that its functional “reparative” attributes are intact and impinged neither by patient conditions nor by ex vivo manipulations and 2) the implementation of procedural maneuvers assuring the proper delivery as well as the permanence (homing) of the cell product in the damaged zone.
Based on the above remarks, in this proof-of-concept study, a cohort of five AVN patients received an instillation of ex vivo-manipulated autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs manufactured under conditions proficient to protect and sustain their phenotypic and functional characteristics.29–32
The above comprises an invitation to pay attention to a group of relevant issues involved in the formulation of an MSC-based therapeutic approach. Among them are the following: 1) the preparation by means of ex vivo expansion procedures of an optimum number of fully functional reparative MSCs; 2) the feasibility to perform a core decompression procedure aimed to reduce pressure, increase blood flow and slow down bone and/or joint damage14,16 and 3) an attempt to prolong the permanence (homing?) of the cell product in the osteonecrotic area, by depositing a plug immediately after cell instillation.13
Patients and methods
Five patients with diagnosis of AVN of the femoral head, which met the following criteria, were included in this proof-of-concept study: 1) AVN at stage 2 or 3 of the Ficat classification system2 and 2) <50% of the articular area compromised. The clinical characteristics of the study population are presented in Table 1. An X-ray as well as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperative image (patient 2) are shown in Figure 2.
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population.
Abbreviation: AVN, avascular necrosis.
Preparation and characterization of the ex vivo-expanded autologous bone marrow-derived cell product
All study patients had a bone marrow aspiration, and the samples were sent to the adjoining Good Manufacturing practices facility for the isolation and ex vivo expansion of autologous bone marrow-resident MSCs.33,34
At the end of each expansion passage, cell aliquots were taken for the assessment of 1) cell number, morphology and viability; 2) “minimal phenotypical markers criteria”18 and 3) functional markers, including fast forward-scattered (FFS) light and cumulative population doubling (CPD), as predictive indicators of MSC-replicative senescence.19–21
Instillation of ex vivo-expanded autologous MSCs in patients
In this proof-of-evidence study, all five AVN patients received the instillation of a unique dose (40×106) of ex vivo-expanded autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs into the necrotic zone and through the canal of a preceding core decompression process. In an attempt to further prolong the permanence (homing) of MSCs in the bone-damaged area, a hydroxyapatite or a calcium phosphate plug35,36 was placed immediately after cell instillation (Figure 1).
All procedures performed in this study have been carried out according to the ethical guidelines outlined by the Ethics Committee (Institutional Review Board) of Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile (July 27, 2016). Clinica Las Condes is a medical center affiliated with John Hopkins Medicine International and accredited by the Joint Commission International (http://www.jointcommissioninternational.org). In addition, written informed consent was provided by the patients, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Characterization of the ex vivo-expanded autologous bone marrow-derived MSC products
The ex vivo-expanded autologous MSC product, obtained at the end of each expansion cycle, was assessed for 1) cell number, morphology and viability; 2) expression of a set of “minimal phenotypical markers”18 and 3) flow cytometry analysis to calculate FFS and CPD values. The latter are usually considered predictive indicators of cellular functionality and thus replicative senescence.19–21,29,30 The results of these studies are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Assessment of phenotypical and functional attributes of ex vivo-expanded bone marrow-derived MSCs
Abbreviations: CPD, cumulative population doubling; FFS, fast forward scatter.
Patients’ clinical outcomes after the infusion of ex vivo-expanded autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs
As shown in Table 3, at different times after instillation of the ex vivo-expanded autologous cell product, all five patients exhibited an improvement in the modified Harris hip score, from a preoperative mean value of 73.6 (range 47–95) to a postoperative mean value of 98.2 (range 95–100). In turn, the visual analog scale values improved from a preoperative mean value of 4.6 to a postoperative mean value of 0.4. Remarkably, the above results matched with a sustained change observed in the X-ray and MRI images of the pelvis of patient #3, after an extended follow-up period (Figure 2). The above findings are representative of similar results observed in patients #1, 2, 4 and 5 (not shown).
Table 3 Patients’ clinical outcome after instillation of the ex vivo-expanded autologous MSC-based product
The above data reinforce the notion that the instillation of a “minimally manipulated” ex vivo-expanded autologous bone marrow-derived MSC product30,31 emerges as an outstanding therapeutic option for AVN patients.
As indicated in the “Introduction” section, in the last 10 years, several clinical studies have been initiated to treat AVN patients by the instillation of different types of “reparative cell products” containing MSCs. The clinical use of MSCs is reinforced by a set of attractive cellular and molecular attributes, including among many others a differentiation potential into bone-forming cells, as well as competence to produce and release a variety of growth factors and extracellular matrix components.5,7,9,30
Despite the abundance of tissue sources of MSCs, in a vast majority of clinical studies, patients have received instillation of diverse bone marrow-derived MSCs products. Some of them are as follows: 1) a bone marrow suspension, 2) a bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell fraction and 3) ex vivo-expanded bone marrow-derived MSCs. In the first two cases, despite the absolute number of MSCs obtained being extremely low, their cellular and functional attributes are intact.7,8,30,31 Consequently, ex vivo expansion procedures have been developed to increase the cell number, thus allowing the instillation of an appropriate number of ex vivo-expanded autologous MSCs to patients. The resulting expanded MSCs are usually assessed for the expression of conventional phenotypic markers,18 but not for functional (reparative) markers, which are known to be affected by ex vivo expansion.19,20,30–32
In this proof-of-evidence study, a cohort of five AVN patients received the infusion of a unique dose of ex vivo-expanded autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs into the necrotic zone and through the canal of a preceding core decompression process.14,16 The “reparative cell product” was manufactured under well-controlled conditions (less than three expansion cycles) which, as seen in Table 2, sustain and warrant the full expression of “minimal phenotypic lineage-associated” markers,18 as well as of CPD and FFS values, two predictive indicators of senescent events.11,19
In addition to the above-mentioned provisions and in an attempt to further prolong the permanence (homing) of instilled cells in the proximity of the bone damaged region, a hemostatic matrix and/or a calcium phosphate cement35,36 was instilled nearby the damaged area.
We presume that the procedural provisions taken along this study as well as others37–40 emerged as important contributors to the successful clinical outcome that was observed in all five study patients (Table 3).14–16
Beyond the appealing clinical outcomes of this study, it is interesting to mention that before the setting up of the Stem Cell Laboratory, the conventional therapy for AVN patients in use at this institution comprised femoral core decompression followed by the infusion of a bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell grafting.14–16 Results indicated that ≥80% of patients treated with the cell grafting had a treatment failure requiring THA (R Mardones et al, 2018; unpublished data).
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
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Welcome to Lyme Connection
Lyme Connection represents patients, family members, practitioners, researchers and community members committed to ending the suffering caused by tick-borne diseases. We educate the community about prevention and early diagnosis and support patients.
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|Publication number||US6132048 A|
|Application number||US 09/393,282|
|Publication date||Oct 17, 2000|
|Filing date||Sep 10, 1999|
|Priority date||Sep 10, 1999|
|Publication number||09393282, 393282, US 6132048 A, US 6132048A, US-A-6132048, US6132048 A, US6132048A|
|Inventors||Qi Gao, Stefan Peana|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (29), Classifications (8), Legal Events (7)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates to display assemblies for electronic display devices. In particular, this invention relates to, but is not necessarily limited to, a single display assembly having selective reflectors to view indicia.
Display assemblies of electronic display devices that provide indicia using display elements such as liquid crystals are known. For example, indicia are provided in a conventional liquid crystal display (LCD) assembly by selectively actuating liquid crystals to control passage of light. Such a conventional LCD assembly includes transparent media, such as glass or plastics, to sandwich one or more layers of such liquid crystals.
Light required to form the indicia with liquid crystals has to pass through the liquid crystals to a viewer. Such light is typically provided with either a light source or ambient light. The light source can placed to the rear of an LCD assembly so that the light generated can pass through the liquid crystals of the LCD assembly to the viewer. Such a light source provides what is commonly referred to as backlighting. Alternatively, the light source can be placed in front of the liquid crystals. Placed as such to provide frontlighting, which is similar to how ambient light is provided, the light that is generated has to pass through the liquid crystals to be reflected back to the viewer. With frontlighting or ambient light, the LCD assembly requires a reflector, placed on the other side of the liquid crystals relative to the light source, to reflect the light back to the viewer.
Viewing from both sides of an LCD assembly is desirable in applications such as, for example, a portable electronic device that is folded to reduce its size when not in use. For such applications, being viewable from an opposite side enables a user to preview indicia without having to unfold the portable electronic device. However, a problem with viewing a conventional LCD assembly from opposite sides is that the LCD assembly must then permit passage of light through both opposite sides and, as such, external background not related to the indicia on one side can then be seen from an opposite side. Such background is undesirable because it tends to interfere with viewing from the opposite side. Conventional reflectors to block the external background on one side does not overcome this problem as these will also block incident light required to view indicia from that one side.
To overcome the above problem, U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,228 describes electronic shutters of liquid crystal emulsion flashing rapidly to enable viewing of information from opposite surfaces of a display. However, such electronic shutters require complex driving circuitry to control timing of the flashing and to process the information. Providing two separate LCD assemblies may solve the problem but substantially increases the cost of the assembly and, furthermore, additional space is required which is undesirable for use in, for example, portable electronic devices. Hence, a need exists for a single display assembly to provide indicia that are viewable from opposite sides without requiring relatively complex driving circuitry or additional costs.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a single display assembly having selective reflectors, said assembly comprising:
an electronically controllable display; and
at least two selective reflectors including a first selective reflector and a second selective reflector, said display being sandwiched by said selective reflectors,
wherein incident light passing through said first selective reflector and said display is reflected back by said second selective reflector through said display and said first selective reflector, said incident light being received within a range of predetermined incident angles relative to an inward facing horizontal surface of said first selective reflector.
In order to describe the invention and to put it into practical effect, reference will now be made to preferred and alternate embodiments of the invention as illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FlG. 1 shows a cross-section of part of a display assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of part of a display assembly in accordance with a first alternate embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of part of a display assembly in accordance with a second alternate embodiment of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a cross-section of part of a single display assembly 10 is shown in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. Assembly 10 comprises an electronically controllable display 11 having a plurality of display elements 12 and sandwiched by two support plates 13,14. The display is further sandwiched by two polarizers 15,16. There are also two selective reflectors, namely a first selective reflector 17 and a second selective reflector 18, that sandwich display 11, plates 13,14 and polarizers 15,16. Support plates 13,14 and polarizers 15,16 are transparent media to permit passage of light and are made of either glass or plastics. Selective reflectors 17,18 can be, for example, holographic reflectors that are each pre-recorded with characteristics that includes a range 19 or 20 of predetermined incident angles and an angular transparency range (not shown) for passage of light. As is known in the art, the angular transparency range is based on angular characteristics of transparency of selective reflectors 17,18 and complements predetermined incident angles to enable viewing through selective reflectors 17,18. Assembly 10 has two opposite sides 21,22 to view indicia provided by the plurality of display elements 12.
Display 11 provides indicia in response to driving signals from a display driver (not shown). These driving signals actuate the plurality of display elements 12 that can be, for example, liquid crystals. As is known in the art, such liquid crystals are oriented in specific directions to block or to permit passage of light when voltage driving signals are provided.
Viewing of indicia provided by display 11 through side 21 will now be explained using incident light entering assembly 10 in a direction indicated by an arrow 23. Incident light that is received within range 19 of predetermined incident angles passes through selective reflector 17 and display 11. Thereafter, the incident light is reflected back by selective reflector 18 through display 11 and selective reflector 17 to a user of assembly 10. For viewing through side 21, reflection of the incident light is within the angular transparency range of selective reflector 17. Thus, range 19 of predetermined incident angles relates to selective reflector 18 and is associated with the angular transparency range of selective reflector 17 so that the user can view the indicia provided by display 11.
As with viewing the indicia through side 21, viewing of the indicia through side 22 also requires incident light to enter assembly 10 and be reflected back to a viewer. However, for viewing through side 22, the incident light has to be within range 20 of predetermined incident angles and in a direction indicated by an arrow 24. This incident light goes through selective reflector 18 and display 11 before being reflected back through display 11 and selective reflector 18 by selective reflector 17. For viewing through side 22, reflection of the incident light is within the angular transparency range of reflector selective 18. Thus, range 20 of predetermined incident angles relates to selective reflector 17 and is associated with the angular transparency range of selective reflector 18 so that the viewer can view the indicia provided by display 11.
It is to be noted that ranges 19,20 of predetermined incident angles are illustratively shown in FIG. 1 and are not meant to be angled relative to respective inward facing horizontal surfaces 24,25 of selective reflectors 17,18 as shown. Also these ranges 19,20 of predetermined incident angles will depend on viewing requirements as determined in accordance with use of assembly 10. Typical ranges for desirable viewing are from ten to fifteen degrees. Hence, for a portable electronic display device in which viewing from opposite sides is desirable, ranges 19,20 of predetermined incident angles can be selectively predetermined and suitably angled relative to horizontal surfaces 24,25 so that a user can view the indicia without having to hold the portable electronic device at awkward angles or positions.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, a first alternate embodiment 30 and a second alternate embodiment 40 of the invention are respectively shown. In these alternate embodiments 30,40, assembly 10 further comprises at least one light guide having at least one light source respectively coupled thereto. The light guide and the light source provide illumination of display 10 in the absence of ambient light. In alternate embodiment 30, selective reflectors 17,18 are sandwiched by a light guide 31 at their respective outward facing horizontal surfaces 32,33. Light guide 31 is a single piece having an intermediate portion 34 and a light source 35 to provide light. In alternate embodiment 40, two light guides 41,42 sandwich selective reflectors 17,18 at horizontal surfaces 32,33 respectively. Light sources 43,44 respectively couples to light guides 41,42 to provide light.
Advantageously, the present invention enables indicia provided by display 11 to be viewed from opposite sides 21,22 using assembly 10. Unlike conventional reflectors, reflectors 17,18 can selective permit passage of incident light while reflecting back other incident light not within their respective ranges 19,20 of predetermined incident angles. Hence, external background on side 21 that is not related to the indicia can be alleviated when viewing such indicia from side 22. This is because reflector 17 will then block off most of the external background. Assembly 10 will similarly alleviate external background on side 22 when viewing indicia from side 21.
Furthermore, because each of the ranges 19,20 of predetermined incident angles has an associated angular transparency range for viewing from a respective one of sides 21,22, only a user who is positioned within the associated angular transparency range can view the indicia. Thus, the present invention advantageously provides some degree of privacy when viewing the indicia from either of sides 21,22.
Additionally, the present invention does not require relatively complex driving circuitry or substantially additional costs from using two separate display assemblies as assembly 11 uses only display 11 to provide indicia.
It is further to be noted that although the display driver is not shown, such a driver will be able to determine appropriate driving signals to format the indicia when viewing from either of sides 21,22. Such formatting is well known in the art and is easily accomplished by software algorithms and sensors that determine relative position of assembly 10. Hence, indicia currently displayed for one of the sides 21,22 can be re-formatted for displaying on the other one of sides 21,22.
Although the invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the embodiments described herein.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
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|US5353075 *||Sep 29, 1993||Oct 4, 1994||In Focus Systems, Inc.||Convertible flat panel display system|
|US5712694 *||Sep 14, 1995||Jan 27, 1998||Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba||LCD comprising a light separating element including a cholesteric liquid crystal sheet|
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|US6044196 *||Dec 29, 1997||Mar 28, 2000||Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing, Co.||Luminaire device|
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|US6466292 *||Jun 19, 2000||Oct 15, 2002||Lg Information & Communications, Ltd.||Dual sided liquid crystal display device and mobile telecommunication terminal using the same|
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|US7102715 *||Dec 19, 2003||Sep 5, 2006||Lg.Philips Lcd Co., Ltd.||Dual display liquid crystal display device, method of operating the same, and mobile communication terminal including the same|
|US7226200 *||Sep 27, 2004||Jun 5, 2007||Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. Ltd.||Light guiding device with two opposite light emitting surfaces and backlight module using the same|
|US7252426 *||Aug 5, 2005||Aug 7, 2007||Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.||Light guide device and backlight module using the same|
|US7516571 *||May 12, 2004||Apr 14, 2009||Scrogin Andrew D||Infrared range-finding and compensating scope for use with a projectile firing device|
|US8195243||Jan 12, 2009||Jun 5, 2012||Lg Electronics Inc.||Transparent display and operation method thereof|
|US8249662 *||Mar 19, 2009||Aug 21, 2012||Lg Electronics Inc.||Mobile terminal and transparent display control method thereof|
|US8295892||Jan 15, 2009||Oct 23, 2012||Lg Electronics Inc.||Mobile terminal and method for controlling display thereof|
|US8314859||Jan 15, 2009||Nov 20, 2012||Lg Electronics Inc.||Mobile terminal and image capturing method thereof|
|US8350814||Mar 19, 2009||Jan 8, 2013||Lg Electronics Inc.||Transparent display and operation method thereof to control movement of a displayable object between the transparent display and another display|
|US8482484 *||Jan 5, 2007||Jul 9, 2013||Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.||Display device and electronic device|
|US8649824||May 12, 2009||Feb 11, 2014||Lg Electronics Inc.||Terminal and method of controlling the same|
|US8675109||May 12, 2009||Mar 18, 2014||Lg Electronics Inc.||Terminal and method of controlling the same|
|US9215306||Jan 15, 2009||Dec 15, 2015||Lg Electronics Inc.||Mobile terminal and display control method thereof|
|US20030174270 *||Mar 11, 2003||Sep 18, 2003||Kim Hong Joo||Liquid crystal display device and mobile telecommunication terminal using the same|
|US20040189902 *||Dec 19, 2003||Sep 30, 2004||Lg.Philips Lcd Co., Ltd.||Dual display liquid crystal display device, method of operating the same, and mobile communication terminal including the same|
|US20050088838 *||Sep 27, 2004||Apr 28, 2005||Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.||Light guiding device with two opposite light emitting surfaces and backlight module using the same|
|US20050252062 *||May 12, 2004||Nov 17, 2005||Scrogin Andrew D||Infrared range-finding and compensating scope for use with a projectile firing device|
|US20060028845 *||Aug 5, 2005||Feb 9, 2006||Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.||Light guide device and backlight module using the same|
|US20070108454 *||Jan 5, 2007||May 17, 2007||Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.||Display Device and Electronic Device|
|US20090295731 *||Mar 19, 2009||Dec 3, 2009||Jong-Hwan Kim||Transparent display and operation method thereof|
|US20090295943 *||Jan 15, 2009||Dec 3, 2009||Jong-Hwan Kim||Mobile terminal and image capturing method thereof|
|US20090295976 *||May 12, 2009||Dec 3, 2009||Kyung Dong Choi||Terminal and method of controlling the same|
|US20090298537 *||May 12, 2009||Dec 3, 2009||Kyung Dong Choi||Terminal and method of controlling the same|
|US20090298547 *||Jan 15, 2009||Dec 3, 2009||Jong-Hwan Kim||Mobile terminal and display control method thereof|
|US20090298548 *||Mar 19, 2009||Dec 3, 2009||Jong-Hwan Kim||Mobile terminal and transparent display control method thereof|
|U.S. Classification||353/20, 359/15, 349/62, 353/122, 349/61|
|Sep 10, 1999||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MOTOROLA, INC., ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GAO, QI;PEANA, STEFAN;REEL/FRAME:010235/0790
Effective date: 19990813
|Mar 29, 2004||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
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Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 13, 2010||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MOTOROLA MOBILITY, INC, ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MOTOROLA, INC;REEL/FRAME:025673/0558
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Owner name: MOTOROLA MOBILITY LLC, ILLINOIS
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:MOTOROLA MOBILITY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:029216/0282
Effective date: 20120622
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Owner name: GOOGLE TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS LLC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MOTOROLA MOBILITY LLC;REEL/FRAME:034489/0001
Effective date: 20141028


Acoustic Orchard has released Dualing Electric Pianos for Kontakt 4.02+.
Each instrument features two electric pianos in a single Kontakt .nki patch that can cross-fade between sounds using the Mod Wheel. This allows for some versatile performance possibilities. The instrument models are sampled at 48000Hz and 6 velocities.
There are 4 different Kontakt instruments available:
- CP70/DX7Rhodes - Yamaha CP70 type sound paired with a DX7 FM Rhodes sound.
- GrowlEP/Jazz Grand - Gritty Rhodes Sound paired with a Jazz Grand Piano.
- Logical Wurly/MarkII - Logical Wurlitzer EP type sound paired with a clean Rhodes MKII sound.
- TremEPiano Dual - Stereo Tremolo Rhodes sound with nice Wurlitzer Tremolo type sound.
Each dual electric piano instrument is available at .99 USD download only from the website.


Shailene Woodley has written an article "telling the truth" about her arrest for protesting against the Dakota oil pipeline.
Kylie's beauty tips
Kylie Minogue has revealed that she was worried about putting on another pair of hot pants for her 'All The Lovers' video.
The singer told a magazine "When I knew that I was going to be in tiny hot pants again I was like, 'Cover my legs and bum with body make-up'.
"It's definitely the way forward - and my secret to having a great bottom."
Fashion designer Richard Nicoll has died in Australia at the age of 39.
Cher is back on the road next year for a series of US performances, saying that, at 70, she "can't imagine not working".
Two new Prince albums - including a collection of previously unreleased songs - are on the way.
Deposit £10 to get a £40 Welcome Bonus - That's £50 to play bingo, slots and more!*
Over 50 tracks to make you feel-good. New album out now...


text:
A downloadable game
A 2D shooter where you take control of an unnamed soldier to defeat an alien invasion. Inspired by the spread gun of the Contra series, this game only gives you the spreader as a weapon. The more aliens you slay the more it spreads, but it starts spreading less if you don't slay enough.
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domain: entertainment


text:
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Westford is the name of several places in the United States of America:
- Westford, Connecticut
- Westford, Massachusetts
- Westford, New York
- Westford, Pennsylvania, a place in Pennsylvania
- Westford, Vermont, township chartered in 1763
- Westford, Wisconsin (disambiguation)
It was also the name of a number of ships.
| disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

domain: geography


text:
Montana December 14, 2018
Venture Nearly 300 Feet Deep Below The Earth At These One Of A Kind Caverns In Montana
Visit any of our amazing state parks and you’ll see why Montana is the best state for outdoor enthusiasts. Our first state park, however, is exceptionally amazing. If you’ve never ventured into the Lewis & Clark Caverns, you’ll want to add a trip to your bucket list immediately.
Located in Whitehall, this unique limestone cavern happens to be the largest of its kind in the Northwest.
Lewis and Clark never actually laid eyes on this cave (although they camped in the area), but plenty of others did. It was well known to Native Americans before being discovered by Tom Williams and Bert Pannell in 1892.
In 1902, Tom, Bert, and local miner Dan Morrison developed it for public use under the name Limespur Cave.
1908, President Theodore Roosevelt proclaimed Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument as America's 15th national monument. It would eventually become Montana's first state park in 1936.
While you'll have to wait until spring for a guided tour, this is definitely a tour worth taking.
The tour consists of a two-hour walk that covers about two miles of ground, descending about 600 stairs.
While the park is open all year, the cave is open for tours from May through September.
There used to be thousands of western big-eared bats in the caverns, but unfortunately, there are only about 100 left. The bats eat thousands of bugs every day.
The park has 44 campsites and a few cabins for rent, so when you visit, you should plan to spend the night.
The park also has plenty of scenery to check out that doesn't include delving deep into the earth.
Lewis & Clark Caverns State Park is one of the many attractions that makes Montana unique.
The caverns are a cool, dark world where time seems to stand still.
Have you ever toured these cool caverns? We’re lucky to have so many
amazing state parks in Montana.

domain: travel


text:
Very excited to provide music for Carrie and Robert’s wedding ceremony today at the Crowne Plaza Hotel in Belfast! There were a few creative contenders in my playlist today, as this quirky couple preferred something a bit different for their wedding music! For her Entrance, Carrie requested a grunge rock song by The Pixies, which might seem like an unusual choice, but this unique arrangement by French pianist Maxence Cyrin transformed the song into an amazing instrumental which definitely made a statement as she walked down the aisle! Their Exit choice was equally bold but beautiful as they featured an innovative piece by Icelandic rock band Sigur Rós called Hoppípolla, which translates as ‘hopping into puddles’ which was definitely the case today! Loved playing this superb selection of alternative wedding songs today! Great to see the amazing Mick O’Dell from Inkwell Cartoon and Caricature again this afternoon, adding an extra special touch to their celebrations! Wishing this free-spirited couple lots of fun-filled days as they set off into the sunset together!
Processional: Where Is My Mind (The Pixies arr. Maxence Cyrin)
Signing of the Register: Iris (Goo Goo Dolls)
Recessional: Hoppipolla (Sigur Rós)


|HP desktop running Windows Vista. |
When I turn on the computer the hard drive light comes on and a blue HP screen appears as normal, but nothing else happens and the hard drive light goes out.
I tried hitting esc for boot menu and it says loading boot menu, but nothing happens.
I tried F8 for safe mode, setup and settings with nothing working.
Is there a way to get this thing to boot without wiping it out and starting over?


This publication describes an operating system (OS) that re-defines a user as a sum of all occupants in a shared space, and not merely as a single individual who has signed into a shared device. To identify the occupants of a space, the OS uses objective markers, such as: facial recognition, radar signature, biometric sensors, media address control identification (MAC ID), voice recognition, various sensors, radio-frequency identification (RFID), or other Internet-of-Things (IoT) data. Then, the OS filters out the displayed content on the shared device based on a level of trust amongst the occupants and a level of sensitivity. To evaluate the re-defined user, trust level, and sensitivity level, the OS may prompt the user to apply labels to a contact list, or alternatively, use machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate the user by interpreting the interaction amongst the occupants of a shared space.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Randolph, Scott; Stenning, Bradley; and Steve, Steve, "Method for Filtering Displayed Content Based on Occupants", Technical Disclosure Commons, (December 17, 2018)


text:
Following an agreement with Marian Hoss, the NHL Chicago Blackhawks indefinitely postponed a “Marian Hossa Legacy Night” party in which the Hawks were to honor the former Slovak striker on November 9 before the game with the Pittsburgh Penguins.
The Blackhawks said on their website that the decision was reached after a discussion between CEO Danny Werts and President Jaime Faulkner and Hoss. After the case of Kyle Beach, who was sexually harassed in 2010 by former video analyst Dave Aldrich, the Blackhawks are going through hard times.
“We all agreed that it is not a time for celebration, but a time for self-reflection. Marianne, as well as Black Hawk management, know that having boldly brought to light the light of Kyle Beach, it is important to restore trust, credit and stability to our organization. The new management is committed to upholding our values and constantly working to improve This organization. There is no better embodiment of these values, not just on ice and snow, than Marian Hossa and we congratulate him on his induction into the NHL Hall of Fame.” The club was mentioned in an opinion posted on its website.
Hausa has won the Stanley Cup three times with the Black Hawks (2010, 2013, 2015). He came to Chicago in 2009 as a free agent and spent the last eight years of his career at the club. Thanks to his comprehensive play, he became one of the most famous personalities of the club, which grew into the hockey dynasty during the era of Hoss. In his first season, he won the championship with the Blackhawks and then repeated that success two more times.
For Chicago, he played a total of 534 games in the base segment, scoring 186 goals and collecting 229 assists, and adding in the playoffs 73 points (21 + 52) in 107 duels. He ended his career in 2017 due to skin problems caused by an allergy to the equipment.
Hossu was supposed to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame last year, but the party was thwarted by the coronavirus pandemic. The concert won’t take place in Toronto until Monday, November 15 at 7.30pm (Tuesday, November 16 at 1.30am CET).
Marc-Andre Fleury performed a famous procedure during training:
“Extreme gamer. Total twitter buff. Analyst. Zombie trailblazer. Thinker. Coffee expert. Creator. Student.”

domain: news


text:
Clinical Outcomes of Ventral Hernia Repair with Ventralex Patch- A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Centre
Dr. DK Titus,
Surgery, Unit 4 Office, Paulbrand Building, Vellore-632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
Introduction: There are several described techniques for ventral hernia mesh repair in both laparoscopic and open approach. Both approaches have their own pros and cons. Ventralex patch repair is an open technique using dual mesh in the intraperitoneal plane for ventral hernia repair.
Aim: To describe an open technique with the use of ventalex patch in the repair of selected ventral hernias and to compare the open technique in terms of cost, operating time, complications and duration of hospital stay using Ventral patch and available literature for open and laparoscopic repair.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 248 patients over a period of seven years who underwent open ventral hernia repair with the Ventralex Patch, at a tertiary care hospital. A retrospective chart review and telephonic interview was conducted postoperatively and at the end of atleast 24 months to assess for outcomes, particularly recurrence. Descriptive statistics reported using frequency and percentage for categorical variables. Continuous variables were reported using mean±Standard Deviation (SD).
Results: A total of 248 patients underwent hernioplasty with ventralex patch. The mean age was 50.57 years and mean BMI was 28.37 kg/m2 . The average duration of operation was 27.5 minutes and hospital stay was 2.275 days. The most common defect size was 2 cm (47.2%). The cost analysis of this technique revealed an average cost of INR 35,142 as opposed to an average cost of INR 88,601 for laparoscopic repair (including disposables) and INR 30,174 for open traditional sublay repair. Twenty-one patients developed surgical site infection (8.5%), and 27 patients (10.9%) developed seroma formation. A total of six patients developed superficial skin necrosis. The cumulative hernia recurrence rate at the end of 24 months was in 16 patients (6.5%).
Conclusion: Ventralex patch repair is very efficient and effective in the treatment of selective umbilical, periumbilical, epigastric and incisional hernias with a comparable complication profile in terms of short term complications and recurrence rate compared to available literature.


text:
BENJI’S MEMORY: A SPECIAL ONLINE SCREENING OF THE PRELUDE TO DOLLY DEADLY
It was this time last year that Heidi Moore of Wretched Productions and Cassandra Sechler of Dreams For Dead Cats Productions (DDCP) came together to work on DOLLY DEADLY. In celebration of the production, the two have a killer surprise for their fans: a very special online screening of “BENJI’S MEMORY” to which everyone (18 and over) is invited to, which will be LIVE via the Wretched Productions VIMEO starting at 9pm PST on FEB 1st!
Starring Justin Moore (as Benji), Myra Maines (as Rigamorta), and Dana Nelson (as the Bloody Couch Babe), and produced, directed, and edited by Heidi Moore- “BENJI’S MEMORY” is a prelude to DOLLY DEADLY, offering a glimpse into the main character’s past: the dark center of Benji’s tormented universe.
Dolly Deadly, written by Heidi Moore and Cassandra Sechler, and Directed/ Produced by Heidi Moore, is a story that revolves around the warped psychology of a tormented young boy named Benji. Living in his own mind to escape the constant abuse from his Grandma and her boyfriend, he has alienated himself from the outside world- only able to relate to his doll collection and his dead mother.
Throughout 2013 Moore has been wrapping other projects and planning for the main Dolly Deadly shoot, which, drum roll please, will start this February! In promotion of this much anticipated project, Moore has created a little taste of the main character’s world…a dark, strange, and colorful place where blood pours, visuals not meant for a childs’ eyes appear, and dark thoughts come to him.
This special window of viewing access for “BENJI’S MEMORY” is brought to you courtesy of Wretched Productions and is intended to give the world a sample of what’s in store for them in the dark, humorous, and violent world of DOLLY DEADLY.
Check Dolly Deadly out on Facebook for exclusive updates regarding the film and pay attention to the WRETCHED PRODUCTIONS official website for news on current projects and upcoming films and screenings.
BENJI’S MEMORY will be live on Wretched Productions’ Vimeo for the entire month of February, starting February 1st at 9pm (central time) until midnight on February 28th. That’s just enough time for you to wet your horror-loving whistle and get ready for DOLLY DEADLY!

domain: artistic


When the call went out last summer that New York’s education department was opening a 60-day public comment period to hear what people thought of its proposed regulations on private schools, skepticism was rampant. How can letters change a matter of such import, some questioned?
The answer landed with a resounding thud on Monday. The state’s Board of Regents, the independent body that oversees education, issued its first statement on the matter since 140,000 comments poured in. The memo acknowledged the “unprecedented” number of respondents, adding that staff have been working since to “review and assess these extensive comments.”
Shannon Tahoe, the education commissioner, said that the comments were “more than I have ever seen in my 13 years in the state education department—far more.”
“The process that the state has for managing comments and recording them,” Christina Coughlin, the assistant commissioner, added with a laugh, “was not designed for 140,000. So we’ll be doing that for a while.”
One participant at the meeting, Yeruchim Silber, the state director for legislative affairs for Agudath Israel, said that the meeting showed the tremendous progress made since the department attempted to ram through the new policy last year. They were stopped when a yeshiva advocacy group took them to court and a judge ordered the department to allow for public comment.
“It was clear that the huge amounts of comments submitted this past summer made a real difference,” Rabbi Silber said. “[It] just shows what determined advocacy can do. This is no time to let down our guard, we must continue to stay vigilant as this moves through the next phase.”
The next phase, Tahoe said, was to speak to the affected communities and come back with a new policy. She warned, however, that this new policy must take into account students who attend yeshivos that do not provide a substantial secular education, regardless of their religious beliefs or their status as private school students.
“We know that there are schools that are doing phenomenal jobs, and we should acknowledge that,” Board of Regents Chancellor Betty Rosa said. “We should release them with love. And then we have a small group that is not. Just like we have with our own pubs (public schools), we have to do with our nonpubs as well. The public schools and the nonpublic schools are all part of one umbrella.”
The remark that private schools are under the umbrella of the Board of Regents is the crux of the debate. Yeshivos, Catholic and other private schools have adamantly rebuffed that, saying that nonpublic schools are not under the jurisdiction of the board. The Catholic schools, the second-largest private school system in the state after yeshivos, has said it would not cooperate with the department.
“Given the wealth of comments and varying views expressed,” the report concluded, “the department will re-engage stakeholders for further discussion on the next steps toward the common goal of ensuring all children receive the instruction to which they are entitled.”
“Stakeholders” refer to people and groups who have a stake in the matter, such as Agudath Israel, which was not consulted when the previous set of regulations was formulated. They were in shock when the proposal called for as much as five hours a day of secular studies as well as granting the Regents oversight over private schools for the first time.
This time, said Rabbi Chaim Dovid Zweibel, Agudah’s executive vice president, they were in the loop.
“This wasn’t a total surprise for us,” Rabbi Zweibel said. He described the fact that the department was going back to the drawing board “about the most positive that could happen.”
“I don’t think it was realistic to expect that they would read the 140,000 comments and just rip up all plans to extend oversight over the private schools,” he said. “I think we have a lot of positive to take out of this entire thing.”
He estimated that of the over 140,000 comments submitted, “95 percent were against the regulations, and 90 percent of those against came from our community.”
“That certainly strengthens our hand when we are speaking to the education department,” he said. “We are stakeholders and we’ll do our best to preserve the autonomy of our yeshivos.”
Yaffed, the group that filed the initial complaint that launched the regulations, are not stakeholders in this saga, a judge ruled last year.
The board has hired two extra staffers to review the comments and is still in middle of going through them, Tahoe said. She added, however, that it was “prudent” to divulge a pattern that was emerging from the comments the agency already went through.
At the meeting Monday, Tahoe divided the reasons commenters gave against the regulation into six categories.
Many commenters stated that the proposed regulation infringes on certain rights. Some mentioned the violation of parental rights to direct the education of their children, including moral and religious teachings. Others said that their constitutional rights of the free exercise of religion was being infringed on. Yet others said they were nervous of government overreach, when the government interferes with nonpublic schools that have a long record of achievement.
2. Religious Beliefs
Some commenters viewed the regulation as an “attack on religious traditions and education that have existed for thousands of years.” Others even said that it would force many families to move to other states or countries to seek educational opportunities for their children. Many people wrote that they will refuse to comply with the proposed regulation, particularly where it goes against their religious beliefs.
3. Risk to Nonpublic Schools
Commenters also expressed that the regulations placed too many requirements on nonpublic schools and will detract from their ability to offer unique education experiences. Many wrote that they received great educations at yeshivos that allowed them to become successful professionals. They argued with the premise that schools must teach all the subjects required by the proposed regulation. Many also noted that private schools have innovative curriculum that would be at threat if they were forced to teach all the subjects in the regulation. If the state wants yeshivos to cover additional subjects, they wrote, let the state cover these costs.
Many commenters expressed concern that the proposed regulations including a lack of clear and measurable standards for the review process. They wondered why it was necessary to spend time and money reviewing schools that are already accredited. Some suggested alternatives such as extending Board of Regents registration to all grades, reviewing only underperforming schools, or that a panel could conduct reviews instead of the local school board or authority.
5. Unnecessary Regulation
Some commenters expressed that the regulation is unnecessary because if a nonpublic school underperforms, parents have the option to pull their children out. They said that many nonpublic schools already outperform public schools, have superior curriculum and better results. They noted that parents choose religious schools notwithstanding the high tuition; if the nonpublic school underperforms, parents will pull their children out. Many said that nonpublic school students do not have the same problems as public school students with crime, homelessness and addiction.
6. Conflict Between Local School Authorities and Nonpublic Schools
Commenters expressed that the proposed regulation will cause increased tensions between LSAs and nonpublic schools.
There were some comments in support of the regulations—believed to be less than 2 percent of the total—claiming that they were necessary to ensure children receive an adequate education.
Tahoe acknowledged the difficulty in confronting the constitutional issues involved but said that the board will reach a conclusion.
“This is the one of the most difficult conversations and hardest things that this board will have to take on,” Tahoe said. “We are balancing … a person’s right to a religious education and the right to choose where a child goes with the right that the kids receive the education that they are entitled to under the law.”
Rabbi Zweibel noted that the department specifically credited the democratic process of the public comments for their change of mind. He cautioned, however, that this by no means concludes the story that has filled New York’s Jews with anxiety.
“The outcome will be, probably, that the government will assert its oversight and come up with some sort of new proposal,” he said. “Will that be something we could live with? We’ll see.”


The Minnesota Legislature is the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Senators are elected from 67 single-member districts. In order to account for decennial redistricting, members run for one two-year term and two four-year terms each decade. They are elected for four-year terms in years ending in 2 and 6, and for two-year terms in years ending in 0. Representatives are elected for two-year terms from 134 single-member districts formed by dividing the 67 senate districts in half.
Both houses of the Legislature meet between January and the first Monday following the third Saturday in May each year, not to exceed 120 days per biennium. Floor sessions are held in the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul, Minnesota.


text:
Angelou And Baldwin: Prejudice
Essay Preview: Angelou And Baldwin: Prejudice
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People have always had a problem with difference. Throughout history minority groups have been subjected to incredible prejudice and discrimination. Although discrimination affects all types of people, the African American population has had a particularly difficult time in their fight for equality. Writers have devoted many essays to trying to change this prejudice. Throughout the development of their essays, Maya Angelou in “Graduation” and James Baldwin in “If Black Language isnt a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?” show that their struggles have shaped them into people of character and integrity through an important lesson that is taught to them about self worth.
Facing the reality of prejudice in a society that insists on equality was a difficult task for Maya Angelou. In the essay “Graduation” is her account of her graduation from a racially segregated high school. “Separate but equal” school systems allowed the Caucasian students to attend one school, and the African Americans to attend another; they were never equal. While the black school offered a less quality education, Maya Angelou was able to grasp more knowledge through her struggle, than even the speaker that evening. In Donleavys speech he explained that “The white kids were going to have chance to become Galileos and Madame Curies and Edisons and Gauguins, and our boys (the girls werent even in on it) would try to be Jesse Owenses and Joe Louises”(37). The message of the speech destroys the graduation until the brave words of Henry Reed, Angelous friend. Henrys speech entitled “To Be or Not to Be” was given after Donleavys speech. Maya Angelou at hearing this title in her piece says “Hadnt he heard the whitefolks? We couldnt be, so the question was a waste of time”(39). As Henry begins to speak, Maya Angelou continues to believe that “There was no nobler in the mind for Negroes because the world didnt think we had minds, and they let us know it”(39). At this point in her life Maya Angelou was faced with discrimination from the world, and was struggling to realize how wrong what Donleavy had said was.
In listening to the speech she begins to have an epiphany. She says in her essay “I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul”(39). The struggles that Maya Angelou was faced with forced her to realize who she really was, and come to understand and grow as a person. “I had been able to stretch myself tall and trembling and say, I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death”(40). In listening to a speech to reassure her class of the future, she realize much more than many people do in a lifetime; there is no shame in any race, and although society tries to attack differences, growth occurs when a person fights back. “I was no longer simply a member of the proud graduating class of 1940; I was a proud member of the wonderful, beautiful Negro race”(40). In conquering her troubles she becomes a person of character and integrity through learning an important life lesson.
James Baldwin discovers the same lesson as Maya Angelou in his essay “If Black English Isnt a Language, then Tell Me, What Is?.” He is also living through a time in history while equality among blacks and whites was very low. The language of the black population often distinguished them from the rest of society and had become a popular way to show the ignorance of the African American race. However, unknowingly the white population was proving the ignorance of themselves, but continuing to discriminate. “We, the blacks, are in trouble, certainly, but we are not inacticulate because we are not compelled to defend a morality that we know to be a lie”(624). James Baldwins

domain: sociology


text:
The week in LGBTI news
26 June - 2 July 2020
Written by Maddalena Tomassini
Edited by Daniele Paletta
Pride Month might be over, but our fight for equality continues as always. We rejoice with our communities who this week gained some major victories! Montenegro approved a law to legally recognise same-sex couples, becoming the first Western Balkans country to do so. In Africa, Gabon confirmed its resolve to decriminalise consensual same-sex relations, as it scrapped last year’s short-lived ban with a strong majority vote in the Senate. Good news came also from Aotearoa New Zealand, where the 2023 census will collect information on rainbow communities.
As we celebrate these important steps forward, we keep our eyes on the road ahead. In Mexico, a recent report published by a coalition of organisations highlighted a dire situation for our communities, where at least 209 persons were killed over the last six years on the grounds of who they are or whom they love.
For our communities, more than ever, this has been a time of protests. In the Philippines, over 20 persons were arrested while peacefully commemorating Pride Month and protesting the government’s Covid-19 response. At the same time, police reportedly clashed with activists in the United States during a Pride march - in images that are eerily similar to the Stonewall uprising, only exactly 51 years later.
Read this week's news from...
This is a brief selection of news showing how Covid-19 is affecting LGBTI communities worldwide. Share more stories at [email protected]
Europe and Central Asia
Montenegro is the first Western Balkan country to legally recognise same-sex couples
In a historic day for our communities, Montenegro has become the first country in the Western Balkans to adopt a law that legally recognises same-sex couples.
The law, approved with a margin of 42 votes to five in the 81-seat parliament, will grant same-sex couples equal rights, but without the possibility of adopting children. Previously rejected last year, the law was backed by lawmakers from across the parliament.
The move was also praised by president Milo Djukanovic, who described the law as “a step toward the family of most-developed democracies” for the country. “A confirmation that our society is maturing, accepting and living the differences,” tweeted Djukanovic. “Born free and equal in dignity and rights!”
The decision has come as Montenegro is undergoing advanced negotiations to join the EU.
“A new page in the history of the Montenegrin LGBTI movement has been written”, organisations in the country have pointed out. “A clear message was sent that the civil majority in Montenegro stands by those who have been disenfranchised and invisible in the eyes of the law.”
More news from Europe and Central Asia
The Netherlands could soon explicitly state in Article 1 of its Constitution that LGBTI people are protected from discrimination: the House of Representatives has approved a bill adding sexual orientation as protected grounds, and clarified that gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics are also included.
According to his partner, a Kazakh gay man has been repeatedly threatened and abducted by his parents because of their same-sex relationship.
A bill sanctioning discrimination and incitement to hatred against LGBT people has been introduced to the Italian parliament. The debate is set to start at the end of this month.
In a popular consultation, Russia voted to approve amendments to the Constitution - including the definition of marriage as a union of a man and a woman. Earlier last week, over 30 people were arrested in central Moscow, for protesting in support of a LGBT activist.
Gabon’s Senate voted: the law prohibiting consensual same-sex relations is no more
A great victory for rights activists and a hope for change in the African continent: after last week’s vote in the lower house, the Senate of Gabon approved the bill to decriminalise consensual same-sex relations among adults by a majority of 59 votes, making last year’s ban one of the shortest-lived ever. The law will now have to be ratified by the country’s president.
As ILGA World’s State-Sponsored Homophobia reports, Article 402(5) was enacted in 2019, defining a penalty of up to six months imprisonment and a fine, but it was never fully enforced. The reversal of this law is a positive move for the region, and could hopefully serve as an example for other African States that still criminalise consensual same-sex sexual relations.
“All humans are born free and equal and therefore we are entitled to every right that others will claim for themselves,” said Juliet Ulanmo, Chairperson of the Pan Africa ILGA Board. “We hope that many more African countries emulate the Gabonese government and realize that these homophobic laws restricting and punishing consensual adult same sex relationships are not progressive. We say kudos to the Gabonese government and people”.
“Across the continent, things are moving more in the right direction than in the wrong direction,” hailed Nate Brown, Executive Director of Pan Africa ILGA. “I am envisaging to see a lot of change in the next 5-10 years. Aluta Continua!”
More news from Africa
South Africa approved a bill repealing a section of the Civil Union Act which allowed state-employed officials to refuse to marry same-sex couples on the grounds of their personal “conscience, religion [or] belief”.
Over 20 regional and international human rights organizations called on Facebook to work against hate speech targeting the LGBTI community in the Middle East and North Africa, as attacks spiked after the death of Egyptian activist Sarah Hegazi.
A coalition of LGBTQIA activists, organisations, allies, and advocates from across Africa is set to organize a virtual Pride event to celebrate queer identities and visibility: the three-day event Pride Afrique is scheduled for August 14-16.
A formal complaint has been filed against the prisons service of Uganda to fully investigate the allegations of torture that twenty young people, arrested in an LGBTI shelter amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, have reportedly endured while in detention. During this time, they were also been denied access to legal representation.
Aotearoa New Zealand to collect information about rainbow communities in 2023 census
For the first time in history, 2023 New Zealand’s census will collect information on rainbow communities.
The news, which was confirmed by deputy government statistician at Statistics New Zealand Rachael Milicich, follows last week’s report by the Human Rights Commission – according to which our communities in the country still face widespread discrimination and inequality across a range of services from education to health.
According to express, activists praised the decision, arguing that the inclusion of such questions will provide the government with credible information on the make-up of the LGBT community, and the ability to address specific concerns with targeted funding.
“Our rainbow communities are a key part of our identity as a country and it’s really important that they’re properly represented in the data we gather. We couldn’t make this work for 2018, but we have been working hard to ensure it’s part of 2023,” said Milicich.
Stats New Zealand has also announced a public consultation “for the review of the statistical standards for sex and gender identity”, which will end on 13 August this year. “The review”, Milicich explained, “ will evaluate the current standards to determine what updates are required to enable best practice guidance for collecting information on these topics across the data system.”
More news from Oceania
Since its soft launch last year, a trans-led legal service in Victoria, Australia has reportedly assisted over 50 persons – responding to various calls for help, from issues with birth certificate changes and discrimination, to families seeking legal support for their trans and gender diverse children.
First Nations activists and Mardi Gras 78ers have condemned police behaviour following the second Black Lives Matter rally in Sydney, NSW, Australia earlier in June - driving comparisons with the violent repression of the first Mardi Gras in 1978.
Latin America and the Caribbean
Mexico: data shows the extent of hate crimes against our communities
At least 209 LGBT people killed since 2014, 25 of which this year: those are the disconcerting figures of Mexico’s hate crimes against LGBT people, as a report published by the Observatorio Nacional revealed. The initiative, realised by a coalition of organisations from 10 Mexican states, aims to make up for the lack of an official registry of such homicides.
The numbers could be even higher, pointing to a gloomier picture: researchers estimated that for each recorded incident there could be three other cases that remain invisible. The report also revealed that the primary victims of hate crimes are trans women – in 44,5% of the cases – followed by men (40,7%).
A recent survey also looked into public attitudes towards our communities in the country. According to a study by Enkoll – which included 1,018 people interviewed in the end of June – most Mexican adults firmly support marriage equality - a reality in 18 of the 31 states, as well as in the capital - and would respect a family member's diverse sexual orientation. Furthermore, the survey illustrated that Mexicans understand the basics of the LGBTI community, with 86% of respondents being able to recognize what does the “LGBTTTI” initialism used in the country stands for.
The road towards full acceptance and respect is still long. In fact, the study also described a discriminatory trend affecting Mexican LGBTI people similar to the one emerging from the Observatorio’s report. According to researchers, 84% of gay people and 64% of bisexual people affirmed to have suffered discrimination on the grounds of their sexual orientation.
More news from Latin America and the Caribbean
In Córdoba city, Argentina, a nationalist group tried to take down by force the rainbow flag which Mayor Martín Llaryora and sexual diversity organizations had raised on the eve of Pride Day. Similar incidents took place also in other cities across the country.
In a recent panel on the challenges faced by LGBT people in developing communities, activists spoke about the significant role churches have had supporting people in Jamaica and Guyana.
Pride interrupted: over 20 activists arrested while protesting in the Philippines
Over 20 persons were arrested in Mendiola, Manila, as police violently dispersed a Pride march.
The activists, against whom no clear charge was initially pressed, were also protesting “oppressive government policies and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic”, as well as the Anti-Terrorism Act, a bill that would make it easier to arrest critics of the government without a court warrant and detain them without charge for up to 24 days. According to media reports, the group was observing physical distancing and other health protocols when the police arrived to disperse them.
“We strongly condemn the government’s continued assault on our fundamental freedoms of expression, association, and assembly, and the rights to air grievances, due process, and equal protection of its citizens”, 114 human rights groups said in joint statement published on Facebook with the #FreePride20 hashtag. “Neither this public health emergency nor unclear threats to national security are justifications for the curtailment of citizens rights”.
“Experiences of inequality are intertwined and upholding the rights of LGBTQI+ people are essential to upholding the rights of all Filipinos,” the statement reads. “There is no freedom for one unless there is freedom for all”.
More news from Asia
InNepal the National Human Rights Commission has released a report indicating that - despite progress - the country has yet to ensure full legal rights to our communities.
Despite a petition demanding restrictions on it because of its “immoral” content, Singapore’s annual Pride rally will be held online to support LGBTI people at a time of social isolation.
More than 200 people marched in Taipei, Taiwan, for the annual Pride rally. Organisers announced the event was in honour of all the global LGBTI community, as over 500 Pride events were cancelled around the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
United States: New York’s police clash with activists at Pride march
Thousands of protesters took to the streets to join the Queer Liberation March for Black Lives and Against Police Brutality, before they allegedly faced brutality at the hands of New York’s police (NYPD).
According to witnesses and the march organisers, the incidents started as 50,000 persons reached Washington Square Park, in Manhattan.
Multiple videos posted to social media and aired on local TV stations appeared to show police shoving and swinging batons at protesters. At least one officer was recorded using pepper spray, while a cameraman for NBC New York caught on tape a police officer shoving a demonstrator roughly off a bicycle. According to the same source, the NYPD confirmed arresting three people for allegedly assaulting officers.
A few days after the incidents occurred, advocates and activist organisations publicly condemned NYPD’s use of force. “Seeing the videos and the images from the NYPD attack that occurred during Queer Liberation March that took place on June 28th, 2020, are utterly heartbreaking. The fact that these videos and images are eerily similar to the Stonewall Uprising that occurred 51 years ago, is simply not okay,” said Marissa Kubicki, a queer-identified social worker in the Legal Aid Society's criminal defense practice.
More news from North America
In the United States, two trans women who suffered discrimination while accessing health care services are suing the federal administration for scrapping protections enshrined in Obama’s Affordable Care Act.
Seventeen corrections officers will be disciplined in connection with the death of Layleen Polanco, a trans woman who died due to an epileptic seizure during solitary confinement in a New York’s city prison, in the United States.
In the United States, the Department of Housing and Urban Development announced plans to roll back a rule that barred federally funded homeless shelters from discriminating against trans people.
Canada’s ambassador to Russia has been accused of “interfering” in the country’s constitutional vote, after she suggested that voting for a ban on equal marriage would make the country a lot “less inclusive”.
Photo of the week
Global Pride has been a special occasion for our communities to come together from all over the world. We at ILGA World were there too, and on the occasion we released our “Sexual Orientation Laws in the World” in 20 languages. Watch the video message by our Co-Secretary General Luz Elena Aranda on this very special Pride day!
Would you like to see your organisation featured in this space of the newsletter?
Send us your photos at [email protected]!
We need your help!
If you have got news from your country on region, or have spotted studies and researches about our communities, let us know at [email protected]!
Every week, we will review your tips and consider them for publication.

domain: law


Arizona Football is set to hit the road against Houston on Saturday morning in a game that can be seen on KGUN-TV.
The game is a return to Houston for new Wildcats coach Kevin Sumlin, who coached the Cougars from 2008 to 2011 before leaving for Texas A&M.
"There are a lot of things that are memorable," said Sumlin. "There are a lot of great people in the city, and friends that are still there."
The Wildcats are coming off a 28-23 loss to BYU in a game that saw quarterback Khalil Tate rush for just fourteen yards. Tate is coming off a season in which he rushed for more than 1400 yards.
"We need to make sure as coaches we put players in the best position to succeed," added Sumlin.
The Wildcats must contain Houston defensive tackle Ed Oliver, who had 13.5 tackles in a week one win over Rice. Oliver is projected as a high first round NFL draft pick.
Arizona is expected to get help in the secondary with the return of Scottie Young Jr. from suspension, and Jace Whittaker from an undisclosed injury. Houston is led on offense by quarterback D'Eriq King, who accounted for four touchdowns last week.
The game is the second half of a home and home series that saw Houston defeat the Wildcats, 19-16, last year at Arizona Stadium.
This will be Arizona's first ever trip to Houston. The game willl start at 9:00 am with a pregame show on KGUN at 8:30 am.


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Our colleagues Daniel Rauhut, Franziska Sielker and Alois Humer have edited an inspiring book on EU cohesion policy: „Discussing the ongoing and future challenges of EU Cohesion Policy, this book critically addresses the economic, social and territorial challenges at the heart of the EU’s policy. It identifies the multifaceted and dynamic nature of the policy as well as the cohesions goal interlinkage with other policies and considers unresolved questions of strategic importance in territorial governance, urban and regional inequalities, and social aspects and wellbeing.“
With Estelle Evrard from Luxembourg, we have contributed a chapter on EUropean (dis)integration: implications for the Cohesion Policy. We discuss the meaning of integration from the perspectives of political science and geography. In a slightly provocative manner, we question the cohesion compass and reflect on the future of European territorial development.


SCAM 1992 (Sony Liv) : Web Series Story, Cast, Wiki, Real Name, Crew Details, Released Date and More
SCAM 1992 is an Indian web series. This series has been directed by Hansal Mehta. This series is being made under the banner of Jay Mehta’s production. In the series, Pratik Gandhi will be seen in the lead role along with actors like Shreya Dhanwanthary, Satish Kaushik, Nikhil Dwivedi and Rajat Kapoor. The series will soon be released on Sony Liv.
|Title||SCAM 1992 – The Harshad Mehta Story|
|Main Cast||Pratik Gandhi|
|Creative Director||Priya Jhavar|
|Production House||Applause Entertainment|
Here’s the complete cast of web series SCAM 1992 :
Release Date & Availability
The official release date of the series SCAM 1992 has not been disclosed yet. This is a premium series of Sony Liv, to see which you will have to purchase membership. Other information related to this series is given below.
|Available On||Sony Liv|
|Total Episode||Not Available|
|Running Time||Not Available|
|Released Date||Not Available|
|Subtitles||Hindi and English|
If you have more details about the web series SCAM 1992, then please comment below down we try to update it within an hour


iPhone 13 online price reduced, now 60k is getting Iphone 13.iPhone 14 will start selling in the market after just three days i.e. from 16 September. The iPhone was launched in the market on September 10 itself. During this information about all variants of iPhone 14 was shared. It is generally seen that whenever a new phone is launched in the iPhone market, the prices of its old series start coming down. Similarly, the price of iPhone 13 has also started coming down.
iphone 13 price drop
After the launch of iPhone 14, people’s craze for iPhone 13 is continuously decreasing. The base variant 128GB of iPhone 13 is priced at Rs 69,900. Talking about the same base variant of iPhone 14, its price is Rs 79,900. Although this price is offline, but if we talk about the e-commerce website, then the iPhone 13 is being sold on Amazon and Flipkart at a cheaper price. On these websites, you also get the benefit of facilities like bank deals and exchange offers. That is, you can buy iPhone 13 more cheaply on these websites.
What is the difference between the two phones?
The display of iPhone 13 and iPhone 14 comes with 6.1 inches. A dual camera of 12 megapixels has been given on the rear of both these phones. However, it is worth noting that there is no significant difference between iPhone 13 and iPhone 14. A 12-megapixel selfie camera will be available on the front of both the phones and both support 5G.


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After catching a glimpse of Zombie Studios' Daylight in action yesterday, I hope you're in the mood for more on the horror title. I spoke with studio creative head Jared Gerritzen earlier this week about how the game will leverage procedural generation to create its frightening moments as opposed to using more traditional, unchanging scripted sequences.
"With F.E.A.R. for example, I knew what was going to happen," Gerritzen told Destructoid. "So it scared you once and then it's like, 'Okay, done.' But with this, everything changes each time you hit the generate map button. So it's constantly setting up its own red herrings and getting you tense and then nothing happens -- and then something happens and it scares the shit out of you.
Development on the project has "been this really weird experience. It's because of literally us kind of messing around and trying to prove this procedural generation of maps that [an early prototype] became Daylight. Sometimes I'm talking to the art director and I'm like, 'This is really happening. This is really scaring the shit out of me.'"
I asked what, specifically, gets generated behind the scenes. "When I press start," he began,
In summing up the game, Gerritzen said that essentially "you're a rat in a maze. It's kind of cool because the storyline is about this hospital and this doctor that was doing all of these experiments, and this insane kind of thing that really fits with the '50s/'60s tests on rats.
"And so it's really funny that you're literally just trying to find your way through this map, but as you're going through, you're constantly being hunted and you're constantly being scared. Everything is different each time. I didn't think [this approach] was gonna work when we first started working on it. It was just one of those things where I haven't seen it done -- or done well."
Surprisingly, it does work -- even on the game's developers. "Like, I've thrown my mouse, twice, just because I'm getting into it so much that I just completely freak out," admitted Gerritzen. "You know, I'm an adult male and sometimes it's pretty embarrassing, but it's really funny -- it gets your heart rate up.
"It's gotten to the point where some of the guys go and test it in our demo room with all the lights off and we actually have a night-vision camera that we try to capture with. That's where you get the craziest facial expressions or guys just freaking the hell out. Occasionally, I hide under the desk and come out and scare the living crap out of them."
I couldn't help but feel like, eventually, players will become accustomed to Daylight's tactics, even if they are more mixed up than we're used to. That's where updates come in.
"What we'll be doing with the new [post-release] chapters is adding new story elements but also new elements to the bucket" of content that the game draws from, said Gerritzen. "Either new set pieces, or new gags, or new ghosts, or new phantoms and all this new crazy stuff.
"The great thing is since we're using Steam and we don't have to go through [certification] with everything, some of the guys have come and said 'I've got ideas,' and they're not big chapter pieces, but we're going to be sneaking new things in all the time. If you get a new update on Steam, the idea is you've played [Daylight] a few times, we're going to throw in a few gags here and there and hopefully you'll be constantly getting surprised by the game."
|5:45 PM on 03.25.2013|
Why Zombie Studios turned down publishers for Daylight
Rounding out our recent coverage of Zombie Studios' horror game Daylight, I have a little more from my chat last week with studio creative head Jared Gerritzen and writer Jessica Chobot. With the studio behind Blacklight: Ret...more
|5:30 PM on 03.22.2013|
PAX: Daylight takes horror into the YouTube age
When gamers argue about whether or not a game is survival horror, they tend to focus on the scares. Jump scares are a particular bone of contention because they can be effective only a few times before they get predictable. T...more
|8:30 PM on 03.20.2013|
Exclusive: Debut trailer for Zombie Studios' Daylight
Zombie Studios has shared details and screenshots for its procedurally-generated horror title Daylight, but now we're getting to see the Unreal Engine 4 game in motion. While the video is indeed a teaser, it should help put ...more
|3:00 PM on 03.17.2013|
Daylight will be playable at PAX East
Zombie Studios has confirmed Daylight will be playable at PAX East 2013. The upcoming horror game has been attracting quite a lot of attention since it was announced back in February, and PAX East attendees will be ...more
|12:45 PM on 02.12.2013|
New screenshots of Unreal Engine 4 horror game Daylight
Although we already got the first details on Zombie Studios' PC horror game Daylight from an interview last week, the company has put out a proper announcement for the title. Built using Unreal Engine 4, Daylight focuses on r...more
|9:30 PM on 02.07.2013|
Horror game Daylight relies on procedural generation
Blacklight Retribution developer Zombie Studios had previously shared a few details on its unnamed horror game, though there was a bit too much left to the imagination. As we now know via IGN, Daylight will utilize procedura...more
|11:00 AM on 05.20.2013|
I want to marathon The Last of Us but I'm scared
I love to play some videogames in a single sitting. Some call that "marathoning." Survival horror games are especially satisfying when played this way. I've done this with all of the Fatal Frame and Silent Hill titl...more
|2:01 AM on 05.20.2013|
Review: Resident Evil Revelations (Wii U)
Resident Evil Revelations was a great action horror title. So good, it absolutely humiliated Resident Evil 6 by being superior in every single way -- a fact made especially delicious considering it was a 3DS game in contrast ...more
|1:30 PM on 05.19.2013|
Sup Holmes burns bright with Jasper Byrne
[Update: Full re-run of this episode here.] The last time we had Jasper Byrne on Sup Holmes, he had just released his critically acclaimed survival horror title Lone Survivor. Like his Silent Hill 2 remake Soundless Mountain...more

domain: game