by David Ward
In the first article about FPGAs, the reader was introduced to the Digilent Basys2
FPGA trainer and the Xilinx XC3S100E 100K gate FPGA in a 132-pin surface-mount package. The reader was shown how to enter a simple two input AND
gate in VHDL, compile the listing, generate a configuration bit file, and
download that bit file into the FPGA and test it.
In this second and final article, we will demonstrate a more complex and useful digital design that will use the Basys2 FPGA trainer to control a scrolling message
on an 8 x 8 LED matrix display; see Photo 1. You will need
to use four of the Digilent expansion cables and all of the
16 available FPGA expansion pins to make this circuit
operate. The 8 x 8 LED matrix that is used is a Kingbright
62 SERVO 10.2011
part number TC15-11SRWA 1.5” dot matrix display from
www.kingbrightusa.com for $4.76. When you look up
the Kingbright matrix, you’ll notice that the top surface is
not red like in Photo 1. If you cover the surface with red
tail light repair tape, your letters appear brighter.
A complete schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1.
The cathodes of the LEDs in the matrix are connected to
the column pins which are then taken to ground through
eight 2N7000 FETs. Notice that no resistors are required
when using these FETs in the manner shown here. The
gates of the FETs are connected to the eight column
outputs from the Basys2 expansion connectors. Only one of
these FETs will ever be on at one time because a ring
counter will be used to sequentially scan through them one
at a time over and over again at a fast rate, giving the
illusion that all of the LED columns are lit at the same time.
In reality, a maximum of eight LEDs will ever be on at the
same time. Each FET will conduct (at the most) 80 mA at
one time; eight LEDs x 10 mA each = 80 mA. According to
the datasheets they are capable of conducting 200 mA.
The anodes of the LEDs are connected to the row pins
on the matrix. The rows will be driven by eight FPGA pins
from the Basys2 expansion connectors in series with eight
150 ohm resistors. These eight resistors are necessary to
limit the current from each FPGA row pin to 10 mA. The
LEDs drop 1.8V when conducting 10 mA. Therefore, 3.3V
(a LVTTL logic “1”) – 1.8V = 1.5V and 1.5V / 10 mA = 150
ohms of resistance. The FPGA pins can be configured in the
UCF file to drive 16 mA. There will not be any problems
driving the 64 LEDs in the matrix with the FPGA unless you


text:
Apr 16, 2019 10:08 AM EDT
There is good news for people who love sweets but are weight conscious.
A team of researchers from the University of Illinois developed a yeast strain that controls lactose metabolism into tagatose. Lactose is a disaccharide sugar found in milk while tagatose is less than 50 percent calories of table sugar.
Professor of food science and human nutrition Yong-Su Jin, main author of the work published in the journal Nature Communications, developed the yeast strain that produces larger quantities of tagatose than through conventional enzymatic manufacturing techniques. This allows a cheaper option to sugar.
"Tagatose is a sweetener that exhibits almost identical tastes and textures of sucrose, or table sugar. However, tagatose has many fewer calories than sucrose -- about 40% of sucrose," Jin said. "In addition, it does not increase blood glucose levels as much as sucrose or fructose. The glycemic index of tagatose is 3, which is much lower than that of sucrose, 68, and fructose, 24. As such, tagatose carries a lower risk for developing Type 2 diabetes and other diseases caused by rapid and repeating glucose increases in blood."
There are many hindrances when it comes to producing tagatose. It incurs a high cost of manufacture when produced. Despite being an active ingredient in fruits and dairy products, it is not effective to isolate tagatose as the result would be too low concentrations. Companies produce tagatose through a multi-step enzymatic process that converts galactose into tagatose.
The inefficiency of the enzyme reaction results to only 30 percent of galactose being converted into tagatose.
The removal of tagatose from the galactose mixture require an expensive process for manufacturers to use.
According to Science Daily, "Jin's team used the internal machinery of yeast cells as tiny tagatose factories, much like how ethanol manufacturers use yeast to produce fuel from corn. The researchers engineered a strain of yeast that produces tagatose from lactose by making two genetic tweaks. First, they took out a gene that let the yeast use galactose as cellular fuel during lactose metabolism. Second, they added two genes that convert galactose into tagatose."
The metabolism of the lactose-fed yeast increases the production of a solution that is 90 percent tagatose. The probability of an efficient mass production of tagatose increases when yeast reactors are used compared to enzyme-based ones.
"Another advantage is that our yeast-based process can use whey indirectly. Whey is an inevitable byproduct of the cheese and Greek yogurt manufacturing processes as a raw material," Jin said. "Due to the recent popularity of Greek yogurt, the disposal of whey is an issue in the dairy industry. We hope our process can be used to resolve the surplus whey problem. As our yeast fermentation-based approach allows a higher product ratio and the direct use of inexpensive dairy waste, we expect that the production cost of tagatose can be significantly reduced."
The team will research further their method based on yeast to produce other lactose products.
3. 07:32 AM
Crohn’s Disease May Be Cured By Plant-based Diet
4. 07:32 AM
Methane Spike On Mars Detected By Martian Rover
3. 04:26 PM
Thyme Can Reduce Blood Pressure and Lower the Risk of Heart Disease
4. 04:25 PM
“Puppy Dog Eyes” Are a Genetic Mutation Dogs Use to Communicate with Humans, Says Research

domain: health


text:
Schwarzschild is a buff/debuff/cooldown mod inspired by WoW's EventHorizon. It tracks all the important buffs, debuffs, and cooldowns for your character, and displays them in a single unified location, sorted according to when you'll have to pay attention to them.
Once you've installed Schwarzschild, type "/sc" ingame to open the config. It's not the cleanest configuration around. That'll be improved.
Doesn't yet support cooldowns, nor is there a way to move the window. Work in progress.
0.8: Fix packaging error.
0.7: Fixed a bug or two. Added compatibility for the breaking changes announced for 1.10.
0.6: Fix some error spam.
0.5: Fix errors in 1.6.
0.4: Fixed loading bug, now sets position properly and doesn't spam you with errors.
0.3: Fix a merge issue that caused those two items to not show up properly.
0.2: Added movement options. Added a new checkbox, "group buff", for buffs/debuffs that only one member in the group needs to (or, sometimes, can) provide at once.

domain: game


Congressional ‘fools,’ ‘spoiled tots’
What, who and why in the world have we elected those we title as representatives to the Congress of our country? It appears that much of who we have selected is a group of dissociated and disconcerted 5-year-old children who prefer acting like uneducated, spoiled tots rather than get down to the business of running the most powerful nation on Earth. A class example was shown on TV during the congressional hearing in which Attorney General Jeffrey Sessions testified and he made them look like fools.
Attitudes and other antics by our so-called “representatives” are sanctioned and supported by our unprincipled and unconcerned TV media. If our president is not one’s choice, why not act like Americans? These congressional individuals should be tasked with making laws — not simply applying leverage in order to remove someone else’s choice.
Ben Raiche, Pharr
Scorned FBI director ‘strikes back’
Washington Times reporter Charles Hurt summarized the important results of former FBI Director James Comey’s lengthy testimony before Congress as: “The swamp strikes back.”
I believe Comey let Hillary Clinton off the hook for her sending and receiving messages, many of which were classified, from her private email server and Blackberry. As a result, I presume Comey has been very biased and influenced in a liberal way in his actions between Democrat and GOP power structures to favor the Democrats, of course. He is quite intelligent and articulate. Good traits for his prominence.
When I was in the Pentagon and elsewhere in the Navy, I had a top-secret clearance and was constantly reminded and on the alert to not expose classified information to those not similarly cleared or face severe consequences — not even to my now deceased wife, who was a Navy nurse.
Capt. Paul M. Allen, retired, Mission
Texas property tax relief
Recently I filed a tax protest on a $10,000 increase on the appraisal value of my home in Hidalgo County. I then had a hearing before three members of the Texas Appraisal Review Board. As expected, the board members voted in favor of the Hidalgo County Appraisal District’s assessment. This left me feeling that some state reform is needed on this matter to correct some inequalities that are quite evident against taxpayers, especially with regards as to how the appraisal boards are set up. Earlier this month, Gov. Greg Abbott called a 30-day special legislative session, to begin on July 18, and his agenda includes property tax legislation.
During the 85th Legislature, which ended May 29, SB 669 dealing with property tax relief was not passed. Hopefully the special session will pass legislation that will improve notification requirements and how appraisal boards are set up. I also hope it will make reductions in property taxes statewide and put a plan in place that would require local governments to put proposals for hefty tax increases to the voters for their approval.
Silvestre Moreno Jr., Mercedes


text:
Elhai M et al. EUSTAR co-authors. A gender gap in primary and secondary heart dysfunctions in systemic sclerosis: a EUSTAR prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Oct 23. pii: annrheumdis-2014-206386. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206386. PubMed PMID: 25342760.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Oct 23. pii: annrheumdis-2014-206386. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206386. [Epub ahead of print]
A gender gap in primary and secondary heart dysfunctions in systemic sclerosis: a EUSTAR prospective study.
Elhai M(1), Avouac J(1), Walker UA(2), Matucci-Cerinic M(3), Riemekasten G(4), Airò P(5), Hachulla E(6), Valentini G(7), Carreira PE(8), Cozzi F(9), Balbir Gurman A(10), Braun-Moscovici Y(10), Damjanov N(11), Ananieva LP(12), Scorza R(13), Jimenez S(14), Busquets J(14), Li M(15), Müller-Ladner U(16), Kahan A(1), Distler O(17), Allanore Y(1); EUSTAR co-authors; EUSTAR co-authors.
(2)Department of Rheumatology, Basel University, Unispital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
(3)Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
(8)Servicio de Reumatologia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
(9)Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
(10)B. Shine Department of Rheumatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
(12)Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russia.
(13)U.O. Immunologia Clinica-Centro di Riferimento per le Malattie Autoimmuni Sistemiche, Milano, Italy.
(15)Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (West Campus), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing, China.
OBJECTIVES: In agreement with other autoimmune diseases, systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with a strong sex bias. However, unlike lupus, the effects of sex on disease phenotype and prognosis are poorly known. Therefore, we aimed to determine sex effects on outcomes.
METHOD: We performed a prospective observational study using the latest 2013 data extract from the EULAR scleroderma trials and research (EUSTAR) cohort. We looked at (i) sex influence on disease characteristics at baseline and (ii) then focused on patients with at least 2 years of follow-up to estimate the effects of sex on disease progression and survival.
RESULTS: 9182 patients with SSc were available (1321 men) for the baseline analyses. In multivariate analysis, male sex was independently associated with a higher risk of diffuse cutaneous subtype (OR: 1.68, (1.45 to 1.94); p<0.001), a higher frequency of digital ulcers (OR: 1.28 (1.11 to 1.47); p<0.001) and pulmonary hypertension (OR: 3.01 (1.47 to 6.20); p<0.003). In the longitudinal analysis (n=4499), after a mean follow-up of 4.9 (±2.7) years, male sex was predictive of new onset of pulmonary hypertension (HR: 2.66 (1.32 to 5.36); p=0.006) and heart failure (HR: 2.22 (1.06 to 4.63); p=0.035). 908 deaths were recorded, male sex predicted deaths of all origins (HR: 1.48 (1.19 to 1.84); p<0.001), but did not significantly account for SSc-related deaths.
CONCLUSIONS: Although more common in women, SSc appears as strikingly more severe in men. Our results obtained through the largest worldwide database demonstrate a higher risk of severe cardiovascular involvement in men. These results raise the point of including sex in the management and the decision-making process.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
PMID: 25342760 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

domain: medical


December 12, 2021
Jerome Powell and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) are slated to meet on Dec 14th and Dec 15th for what could be the most consequential FOMC meeting this year. Earlier this month, Powell commented on accelerating bond-buying tapering, and a shelving of the word “transitory” to describe inflation.
This hawkish commentary by the board may, at least partially, contribute to significant event risk for equities into the December meeting. A news release from this meeting also contains the Summary of Economic Projections, which is each member’s outlook on the future path of inflation and unemployment. Investors scrutinize these projections for clues regarding future policy.
OptionMetrics measures uncertainty regarding surrounding FOMC meetings in the form of “forward event volatility.” Forward event volatility is defined as the volatility expected by the options market at a point in the future. It is calculated by using volatilities from options that expire at two different time horizons. In the case of the FOMC meeting, we use volatilities from options that expire immediately before and immediately after the announcement.
Below we display the forward event volatilities and weekly market returns for all 2021 meetings. High forward event volatility typically has not translated well for the short-term equity market after these meetings. The March meeting led with the highest forward vol of the year (18.2%), subsequently foreshadowing a week of SPX losses of -1.3%. Lower forward vols have predicted milder return weeks ranging from 0% to 1.17%. This is consistent with a negative relationship between volatility and index returns.
Currently, we estimate the forward event volatility for the December meeting at 19.2%, making it, potentially, the most volatile meeting of the year. This could imply that option traders anticipate an increase in uncertainty resulting from the news and have placed a higher premium on options. If their expectations are realized, it may put a kibosh on hopes of a 2021 Santa Claus rally.


text:
Background: To compare efficacy of Gallium nitride derived light-emitting diodes (LED) phototherapy with special blue compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) phototherapy in management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in terms of rate of fall of serum bilirubin levels, required duration of phototherapy and to compare the incidences of clinically observable side effects between both groups.
Methods: A randomized prospective observational study was carried out at tertiary level of neonatal intensive care unit over a period of one year. Stable neonates of gestation >34 weeks with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, were included. Sick babies, Rh iso-immunized babies, those who required and underwent exchange transfusion and whose parents refused for consent were excluded. Babies were enrolled on consecutive basis and after randomization were allocated to receive phototherapy by LED or CFL. CFL and LED were both special blue lights with irradiance maintained above 15 µW/nm/cm2. Vital parameters and clinically observable side effect were recorded 12 hourly till phototherapy was stopped.
Results: 100 babies were enrolled in each group. Baseline characteristics, causes of jaundice, baseline haemoglobin and TSB were similar in both groups. Base line irradiance was more in LED group compare to CFL group (P=0.0006, highly significant). Rate of fall of serum bilirubin (p 0.05).
Conclusions: LED phototherapy is superior to CFL phototherapy in management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in terms of efficacy and side effects.
Jaundice, Neonate, Phototherapy, Hyperbilirubinemia


text:
This edition of the "Voices" newsletter features articles on the correlation between meat production and climate change, UNESCO-supported training aimed at helping journalists in Central Asia to raise awareness about environmental issues, and UNESCO's efforts in support for science education and research initiatives in the Maldives.
30 May 2011: The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has released the April-June edition of its newsletter Voices, which reports on UNESCO’s activities in the Asia Pacific region, and features articles on science education and research in the Maldives, the environmental and health impacts of livestock production, and media workshops on coverage of environmental issues and the impact of climate change.
The article “Beefing about Meat” highlights the correlation between meat production and climate change. It also points to other impacts of livestock production, such as soil erosion and deforestation. The article “Making Climate Change Headline News” reports on UNESCO-supported training aimed at helping journalists in Central Asia to raise awareness about environmental issues. Two media workshops were held in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan to develop journalists’ skills in research and analysis, and their presentation of balanced, contextualized coverage of environmental issues and the impacts of climate change.
Finally, the article “Maldives Chart Scientific Route to Progress” highlights UNESCO’s efforts in support for science education and research initiatives to respond to different challenges in the Maldives. [Publication: Voices Asia Pacific Nº26] [UNESCO Press Release]

domain: news


text:
Sony is likely going to be announcing a few new smartphones at its press conference in Berlin just ahead of IFA. And those devices could be the G8341 and the G8441. A Polish retailer, Komp.Tech, has published some information about the two devices, but it hasn’t revealed much else other than the colors and the pricing for both of these devices. These are expected to be the next flagship and then the compact model of that flagship. The G8341 is priced at €749 and the G8441 at €649, so it’s likely that the G8441 is the Compact version.
Apparently the G8341 is only listed as a Sony Xperia device, and then “Flagship” on the listing. But it is going to be available in Black, Moonlite Blue, Venus Pink and Warm Silver. Meanwhile the G8441 is listed quite similarly as a “Compact Flagship” and with the colors Black, Horizon Blue, Snow Silver and Twilight Pink. These are some interesting names from Sony, but not surprising to see it coming in a variety of colors. Sony does usually launch its smartphones in at least four different colors, if not more. There’s not much else available, in terms of information on these two devices. But, hopefully Sony will unwrap them fairly soon and make them public.
IFA 2017 takes place at the beginning of September and Sony has already started sending out invites to its press conference that is on August 31st, ahead of the trade show in Berlin. This is typically where the company would announce its newest smartphones and other products that will be shown off at the trade show. Sony does typically announce new smartphones at MWC in February and IFA in September, so it wouldn’t be too surprising to see these two devices debut in Berlin. Additionally, since both devices are already in this retailers system, these two are definitely close to release, or at least close to being ready for pre-order. It’s still unclear what these two devices will be named. After the company went to the Xperia X last year, then the Xperia XZ last fall and Xperia XZs earlier this year, it’s anyones guess as to what this will be named.


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The National Pulse is today publishing a full list of news outlets said to have granted the Chinese Communist Party and its propaganda outlets “favorable coverage” or “positive messages” following an investigation into the China-United States Exchange Foundation and ‘BLJ Worldwide’. The full list follows a National Pulse exposé on the China-United States Exchange Foundation […]
Back in the day, when I was managing editor at the Daily Inter Lake in Kalispell, Mont., I enjoyed the end-of-year ritual of voting in the Associated Press’s poll of the Top 10 news stories. When I started participating in the year 2000, my list would include many of the same stories that made the […]
by Jordan Schachtel Politicians and “public health experts” around the world are using faulty models on a new variant of the novel coronavirus in order to cover for their failures in stopping its spread, while simultaneously leveraging the issue to demand renewed lockdowns and other punishing restrictions. Not much is known about the so-called “new […]
(Peter Andrews) Four German holidaymakers who were illegally quarantined in Portugal after one was judged to be positive for Covid-19 have won their case, in a verdict that condemns the widely-used PCR test as being up to 97-percent unreliable.
In an article on the COVID vaccine rollout, CNN says that Americans shouldn’t be alarmed if people start dying after taking the vaccine because “deaths may occur that won’t necessarily have anything to do with the vaccine.” The advisory appeared in an article titled ‘Why vaccinate our most frail? Odd vote out shows the dilemma’ […]
Four German holidaymakers who were illegally quarantined in Portugal after one was judged to be positive for Covid-19 have won their case, in a verdict that condemns the widely-used PCR test as being up to 97-percent unreliable. Earlier this month, Portuguese judges upheld a decision from a lower court that found the forced quarantine of […]
A European lawsuit has solidified the fact that the widely used PCR test for detecting the Wuhan coronavirus (Covid-19) is up to 97 percent unreliable – so basically useless. by Ethan Huff Portuguese judges reportedly upheld a lower court ruling that forcibly quarantining four German tourists after one tested “positive” for Covid-19 was unlawful because […]
Very good discussion (in my view) about the computer voting system(s) that have led to challenges in the US election process. He goes through a step by step analysis about what could have gone “wrong” with these systems. For a short synopsis, go to around 30 minutes and listen/watch.
Thanks to AJ for sending this link.
Also helpful might be this x22Report Bitchute video.
Sharyl Attkisson is an award-winning investigative journalist with uncompromising integrity. Her latest book, “Slanted: How the News Media Taught Us to Love Censorship and Hate Journalism,” is scheduled for release right around Thanksgiving, November 24, 2020. In this, her third book, she addresses one of the most pressing issues of our time: media bias and […]


We provide succinct insight on industry news and regulatory developments
Meet … Mike Davies, Director, Kigoda Consulting
11 March 2014
SRI-CONNECT is a global marketplace for sustainable investment research & a professional network facilitating communication between companies and SRI investors. Each week, SRI-CONNECT interview a member of the global SRI community about their role in SRI and their thoughts on the industry’s direction.
SRI-CONNECT recently interviewed Kigoda Consulting’s Director Mike Davies. Some extracts are included below but you can find the full interview here.
What factors do international investors have to consider when applying SRI in an African context?
Thematically, the factors that international investors have to consider across Africa are much the same as for any other region. They cover the full spectrum including climate change and pollution, water use management, human rights, labour standards and corruption.
However, the effect that these factors have and the degree of materiality differ from sector to sector, from country to country and even regionally. Africa, for example, is widely believed to be highly vulnerable to climate change. Depending on location, the effects could range from water stress to coastal flooding. In some areas, shifts in rainfall and higher temperatures could improve agricultural yield, but more arid areas are expected to suffer food shortages.
Given the socioeconomic environment of many African countries, some issues are more acute:
- Inequality is increasingly highlighted as a barrier to sustainable development. Healthcare issues vary from country to country, but in many African countries HIV/AIDs programmes are particularly relevant.
- In addition to the sustainability factors, corporate governance issues can represent a greater risk to investors as corporate governance frameworks outside of South Africa fall well short of best practice.
What would you most like to see ‘fixed’ or ‘developed’ in African SRI in 2014?
Firstly, studies demonstrating that SRI can yield risk-adjusted returns in South Africa and Africa’s frontier economies would be a great step forward. This would go some way to addressing the considerable scepticism that continues to exist over SRI and the potential costs to investors in the local market.
Another issue is so-called “greenwashing”. South Africa is a leader, particularly in emerging markets, in advancing the cause of sustainable and responsible investment. It was the first emerging market country to have an SRI Index. Regulatory changes and initiatives such as the Code for Responsible Investing in South Africa have encouraged the disclosure of relevant ESG information and the integration of sustainability factors into investment decisions.
But, while various asset managers have signed up to these initiatives, implementation remains variable, and in some cases, weak. We need to move beyond the culture of lip service towards SRI and see results from real implementation of the commitments. This will require more transparency on the part of asset managers both in terms of how they are integrating ESG and also in terms of engagement and voting.
Finally, more disclosure by Africa’s listed companies is essential. Outside of South Africa, where Integrated Reporting is the norm, disclosure of material sustainability issues in Africa is weak. In 2012, a review of Africa’s top 100 listed companies outside of South Africa found that less than a third reported on ESG factors regularly. Given the growing international interest in these companies, an increase in the number of companies disclosing ESG information will be an important indication that investors are starting to ask the right questions.
How can investors encourage mining companies to communicate sustainability & corporate governance issues more directly to them?
There’s been a lot of progress by mining companies in the communication of sustainability and corporate governance issues to investors. I think a key issue here is not how sustainability and corporate governance issues are communicated, but rather what issues are communicated.
While there is considerable PR spin in some sustainability reports, the focus on metrics has provided analysts with valuable information on factors such as carbon emissions, resource efficiency and health and safety violations.
But there is still a lack of transparency in other areas, which is detrimental to the sustainability of the sector. The finding in the Africa Progress Panel’s 2013 report that trade mispricing in Africa’s extractive sector could exceed the amount of development aid is an important illustration of this.
Another issue is that while the communication between mining companies and investors is improving, the communication between mining companies and other stakeholders, such as mining-affected communities and employees, is not. This limits effective stakeholder engagement and can ultimately undermine the “social licence to operate”. There are many instances in South Africa where mining companies refuse to provide surrounding communities with the Social and Labour Plan that companies must develop as part of their mining right application.
Sign up to receive occasional updates on industry news and regulatory developments.


text:
Honduras Team World Cup 2014: All the latest football team news, including the latest Honduras team fixtures, live scores, results, pictures and statistics.
Won a ticket to the 2014 World Cup against Honduras actually very easy .|
Los Catrachos finished in third place on the rankings table CONCACAF , Mexico and Panama while competing interest to attend the World Cup final .
In the previous two World Cup teams that appeared in 1982 and 2010 , they were not able to pass the first round . At the third time for the World Cup this year , the biggest target of this country is a win win .
So far , after six World Cups but there Honduras , gaining a victory seems very difficult for them . They had 3 draws and 3 game failure .
In Group E , along with Switzerland , France and Ecuador , when looking at the current schedule of Honduras , their mission seems to be extremely difficult in Brazil .
Coach Luis Fernando Suarez would put much faith in the players experience their full , including players who have played in a long time Premiership Wilson Palacios .
Celtic left-back Emilio Izaguirre , is one of their top players and is considered the biggest hopes in the scoring for the team .
However, desirably high striker Jerry Bengtson , who joined the club New England Revolution at the Great Prize of the American Football (U.S. Major League Soccer ) , and is expected to make a difference as he did at the London Olympics . He is also the most goals scored in qualifying the next 9 goals scored .
With 118 appearances for the team, veteran goalkeeper Noel Valladares is also a key factor , while 1.93m tall striker Carlo Costly is worth to watch .
However, the focus of attention will remain focused on Palacios , who led the team play .
There are caps club Stoke City , who has proven that he can be a defensive midfielder in the most feared in the league . But his performance has declined severely , although he recovered in time , and he would have been able to perfect condition when the World Cup kicks start .
Palacios is the heart and soul of Honduras , and the ability of the defense he would have great effect to target first win in their World Cup .
Suarez led Ecuador in the second round in 2006 and was defeated by an army from England , the team relies on dazzling performances of David Beckham . This time in the position of coach , when he will hope they finally won a victory in the biggest tournament of this planet .
If any team achieve better performance than any other this will be a memorable thing .
The History of World Cup team - Honduras
Đội tuyển quôc gia Honduras đã từng tham dự 2 kỳ World Cup là 1982 và 2010 và họ chưa bao giờ vượt qua vòng đấu bảng.
Đội Hình Dự Kiến Đội Tuyển Honduras Ở World Cup 2014
Thủ môn: Noel Valladares.
Tag: Honduras Team World Cup 2014
World Cup English

domain: sports


WASHINGTON — Alaska moved significantly closer to seeing a new Arctic icebreaker Tuesday as a Senate appropriations subcommittee added $1 billion to a bipartisan funding bill for a Navy-built ship.
The move marks a major step forward in a yearslong campaign by Alaska lawmakers and others who say the U.S. needs to mind its dwindling Arctic infrastructure, particularly as a melting ice cap makes way for increased commercial shipping traffic and Russian military activity raises national security concerns.
Alaska's senior senator, Republican Lisa Murkowski, sits on the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee, which passed the measure as part of a $48 billion defense funding bill for fiscal year 2017. The bill still has to make it through the full committee and a likely difficult election-year funding battle. But its approval by the subcommittee paints a rosy future for the icebreaker.
The full committee will consider the bill Thursday, after which it should head to the Senate floor.
At the hearing, Murkowski thanked subcommittee leaders for their work "to ensure that the United States is not left behind in the Arctic." She made special mention of committee chair Sen. Thad Cochran, R-Mississippi, and spoke as if it was his idea and not something she, Alaska Sen. Dan Sullivan and Alaska Rep. Don Young had talked about frequently for more than a year.
And she also made it clear why she wasn't taking a victory lap in the committee setting.
"But this is not an Alaska earmark by any stretch of the imagination," Murkowski said. "And I would probably be struck down if I were to mention an earmark in this committee."
The statement highlighted how much things have changed in Washington over the last decade as lawmakers have a harder time securing dedicated funding for their states.
Before the hearing, Cochran released a statement about his plan to offer an amendment that included $1 billion for a new icebreaker, calling it "a critical investment in the long-delayed expansion of the U.S. icebreaker fleet."
"We must take assertive action to provide the vessels needed to protect American national security and economic interests in the Arctic region. The United States needs the capability to have year-round access to polar regions," Cochran said.
The icebreaker funding won bipartisan approval, with the appeal of shipbuilding for Republicans, adapting to climate change for Democrats, and beefing up national security for both sides of the aisle.
The subcommittee's ranking member, Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Illinois, said the bill met budget restrictions "without resorting to gimmicks." And he picked up the cause of an icebreaker, noting President Barack Obama's call for "the United States to maintain its leadership in the Arctic. The effects of climate change mean this region is increasingly important to national security," Durbin said, noting the disparity between the U.S. fleet and that of Russia.
"Climate change is real. The national security implications and the ability of our armed forces are real, and so this bill makes a real commitment," Durbin said.
Appropriations committee member Sen. John Hoeven, R-North Dakota, noted that the defense funding bill "incorporated submissions from 90 senators on both sides of the aisle on nearly every facet of the department's operations, and now I believe we have good, bipartisan legislation for the American people."
After the hearing, Murkowski called the icebreaker funding "a significant victory in (her) decadelong fight to turn our nation's focus to the Arctic and embrace our role as an Arctic nation."
"I have long fought to fully fund the acquisition of Arctic-capable icebreakers instead of the piecemeal approach that the administration has been taking for the last eight years," Murkowski said. In the statement, she thanked the members of the committee "for recognizing the importance of this vessel to our national security."
The U.S. has only two heavy-duty icebreakers, one largely scrapped and unusable, the other dedicated to scientific missions in Antarctica. A third icebreaker, the medium-duty Healy, travels in the Arctic mainly as a research ship.
The heavy-duty Polar Star has five to eight "years more useful life in her," but "throughout that time, we will not see her in the Arctic," Murkowski said, noting the ship's assignment to Antarctica.
Arctic icebreaker advocates have warned of increased activity in the area by the Russian military and growing opportunities for shipping as ice melts and new sea passages open. They've warned the U.S. Coast Guard would be unprepared to come to the aid of commercial vessels that run into trouble in Arctic waters.
The "reality is, we are sitting dead in the water when it comes to our ability as a nation to be leading in the Arctic, because we simply do not have the infrastructure," Murkowski said. "So the commitment today to making this a reality is very, very significant," she said.
Murkowski's office noted her regular public efforts to support a new icebreaker, and also that the $1 billion appropriation far outstripped Obama's $147.6 million budget request for icebreaker design.
Lawmakers have long haggled over how to fund an icebreaker when one vessel costs more than the Coast Guard's entire annual construction budget.
In a somewhat surprise move, the appropriations provision released Tuesday simply funds the icebreaker through the U.S. Navy's shipbuilding budget. The Navy would contract out the project to a U.S.-based company.
Murkowski's spokesperson Karina Petersen said the Navy "will be able to better manage a contract of this size" and that Murkowski expects an "upfront" appropriation "will potentially expedite the process."


Home Tags FWPD wanted suspects
Tag: FWPD wanted suspects
The Fort Wayne Police Department seeks burglary suspect ID and is asking for community help.
Two suspects in the McClellan Street accident are being sought by the Fort Wayne Police for Gwendolyn Martin's death on December 21, 2020, on McClellan Street.
The Fort Wayne Police Department is seeking two suspects in connection with a robbery.
FWPD Detectives working on three sexual assault investigations spanning September 2015 to May 2017 in southeast Fort Wayne are asking for the public's help.
On February 28, 2017, a black male entered the T-Mobile Store on Maysville Road and told the employee a story about his wife's phone being kept in their safe.
News release from the Fort Wayne Police Department: Public Service Credit Union Surveillance Photographs (February 14, 2017) - Fort Wayne police detectives are asking for the...
Fort Wayne Police Detectives are asking for the public's assistance in locating Shannon Labrosse, wanted in connection with last Saturday's battery incident.
At approximately 11:40 a.m. this morning the PNC Bank located at 3901 East State Boulevard was robbed by the above described suspect.
Joshua Dale Bursey is the person of interest wanted by FWPD for questioning in the bank robbery that took place 9/19/2016 at the Fifth Third Bank.
The below incident report details the robbery attempt which occurred May 31, 2016.
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text:
Dallas Cowboys worth $4 billion to top list of all sports franchises in the world
The Dallas Cowboys are the most valuable sports franchise in the world at a worth of $4 billion, according to Forbes magazine.
America's Team heads the list of NFL teams for the ninth consecutive year and is first overall among all sports teams for the first time since 2007. The Cowboys made a record NFL revenue of $620 million last season.
Super Bowl champion New England is second behind Dallas at $3.2 billion and the Washington Redskins are third at $2.85 billion. The New York Giants ($2.8 billion) and San Francisco 49ers ($2.7 billion) round out the top five in the NFL.
The Buffalo Bills are last on the list at $1.4 billion.
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org and www.twitter.com/AP_NFL


text:
My store (click the picture below to get there) is open for the month! Reminder that Prints will be severely discounted, Original Art will be listed for the last time and I've got a whole lot of Mermaid and Wolf Merch to move :D
Also, I decided to keep the comments closed for the foreseeable future. I might open them up again once I've finished drawing the comic (ballpark for that is September 2021). But if you still want to talk about the comic or to me directly, you can join the Discord server!

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text:
|Year : 2015 | Volume
| Issue : 4 | Page : 538-543
Which is the most effective disinfection method in primary root canals: Conventional or newly developed ones?
A Kapdan1, A Kustarci2, T Tunc3, Z Sumer3, S Arslan1
1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
2 Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
|Date of Acceptance||23-Dec-2014|
|Date of Web Publication||13-May-2015|
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
| Abstract|| |
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the-potassium-titanyl-phosphate - the KTP laser and ozone in of primary root canals.
Materials and Methods: Sixty primary incisor teeth were selected. The specimens were inoculated with 10 mL Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Groups: The KTP laser (1,5 W); gaseous ozone (150 s); sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); saline group. Sterile paper points used to sample bacteria from the canals to tubes containing 5 mL of brain heart infusion broth. Then, 10 mL suspension was incubated in culture media for 24 h. Data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results: There were statistically significant differences between all groups (P < 0.05). Complete sterilization was achieved in the 2.5% NaOCl group. The number of bacteria were significantly reduced in experimental groups in comparison to the saline group.
Conclusion: The KTP laser and ozone application provided a significant antibacterial effect in primary root canals; however, 2.5% NaOCl was superior.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, KTP laser, ozone, primary root canals
|How to cite this article:|
Kapdan A, Kustarci A, Tunc T, Sumer Z, Arslan S. Which is the most effective disinfection method in primary root canals: Conventional or newly developed ones?. Niger J Clin Pract 2015;18:538-43
|How to cite this URL:|
Kapdan A, Kustarci A, Tunc T, Sumer Z, Arslan S. Which is the most effective disinfection method in primary root canals: Conventional or newly developed ones?. Niger J Clin Pract [serial online] 2015 [cited 2022 Jan 20];18:538-43. Available from: https://www.njcponline.com/text.asp?2015/18/4/538/154207
| Introduction|| |
Teeth with infected root canals, particularly those in which the infection has reached the periradicular tissues, are a common problem in the primary dentition. Early loss of primary teeth can cause a number of problems, including space loss for successor permanent teeth, esthetic, phonetic or functional problems. However, some of the infected primary teeth can remain functional until the exfoliation via endodontic treatment. Pulpectomy is indicated in a primary tooth with irreversible pulpitis in which the radicular pulp exhibits clinical signs of pulp necrosis or shows evidence of chronic inflammation in the radicular pulp.
The primary objective of pulp therapy is to maintain the integrity and health of the teeth and their supporting tissues.  One of the most important aims of endodontic treatment is to eradicate or substantially reduce the microbial load in the root canal system. Approximately, 150 species of microorganisms are able to colonize in root canals, and some of them are responsible for lesions associated with pulpal necrosis. These microorganisms are also found in the dentinal tubules and may reinfect the root canal if they are not eliminated. Among the microorganisms commonly isolated from root canals, E. faecalis demonstrates the important abilities of penetrating the dentinal tubules,  exhibiting strong adhesion to collagen,  and showing resistance to irrigation solutions usually used during the instrumentation of root canals.
An ideal irrigation solution should be strongly antimicrobial but not toxic to the periradicular tissues when extruded through the apical foramen. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is by far the most commonly used irrigant in endodontic treatment. It provides gross debridement, lubrication, the destruction of microbes, and the dissolution of tissues. In addition, it is inexpensive, has a long shelf life, and is readly available. However, this irrigant leads to problems including toxicity, odor, and the discoloration of operatory items. Additionally, its extrusion can cause excruciating pain, immediate swelling, and profuse bleeding. It may also result in allergic reactions.  Therefore, an alternative endodontic antiseptic with high antimicrobial potential and fewer side effects would be valuable.
Ozone is an extremely reactive gas that shows important antimicrobial properties. Its natural form is found in the atmosphere, or it can be produced by generators. This gas oxidates bacterial cell walls and cytoplasmic membranes and acts on fungi, protozoa, and viruses. It forms oxidated radicals in the presence of water that penetrate and act on cell membranes, affecting the osmotic stability, promoting the oxidation of aminoacids and causing cellular lysis depending on the reaction's extension.  Ozone has also been used in the water industry to eliminate bacteria, and its properties could be useful in dentistry for the elimination of caries pathogens, in the disinfection of root canals, during surgery, and as a rinse for avulsed teeth, for failed implant cases. ,
Laser irradiation has been introduced due to its potential to eliminate bacteria and thus improve endodontic treatment. Thereafter, antimicrobial effect of different types of laser irradiation on root canals has been evaluated. These types are the carbon dioxide;  neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG);  Erbium, Chromium doped Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet;  Erbium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet;  KTP;  and Diode lasers.  Lasers have been found to be relatively effective in exerting antimicrobial action; ,,, the bacterial reduction has depended on radiation energy, bacterial species, time of radiation,  and radiation frequency.  The KTP laser emitting at 532 nm and representative of a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG device, has been introduced mainly for tooth-bleaching procedures in dentistry. It can be delivered through a wide range of fibers in a constant or a pulsed mode.  This laser has also been used for some other dental applications similar to Nd: YAG laser, including root canal disinfection, treatment of dentine hypersensitivity, and soft tissue surgery.
To our knowledge, the antimicrobial effect of KTP laser and gaseous ozone in primary teeth has not yet been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the antibacterial effect of KTP laser irradiation and gaseous ozone in primary root canals contaminated by E. faecalis.
| Materials and Methods|| |
Sixty freshly extracted, single-rooted human primary teeth with straight root canals were selected in this study. Teeth were extracted for infection, extensive caries (for which parents choose extraction rather than pulp therapy for primary teeth) or trauma and did not have any radiographically visible physiological or pathological root resorption. All patients and parents whose extracted teeth were used in the study gave written consent for this to happen.
Sample size calculation
Sample size was calculated using a sample size calculator (Sample Size Determination in Health Studies, World Health Organization) as follows. Power at 90% and α at 5%, β at 10%, the sample size turned out to be 15 teeth in each group. Thus, a total of 60 extracted single-rooted primary teeth was required for the study.
Teeth were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 15 min to remove organic residues from root surfaces. Stains and calculus were removed with scalers and curettes. Care was taken to ensure that the teeth were not subjected to any treatment before their extraction, and they were stored in a sterile saline solution at +4°C until the experiment. Crowns of the teeth were reduced to the cemento-enamel junction. An access cavity was prepared, and the pulp was removed with a barbed broach.
Working length (WL) of each canal was determined using a size 15 K-file (Kerr-files; Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The file was placed in the canal until its tip became visible from the apical foramen. WL was determined to be 1 mm shorter than this length. Experimental model that was used for preparation is presented in [Figure 1]. With a hot instrument, holes were quickly created on the cap of the Eppendorf tubes. The tooth was inserted under pressure through the cap of the Eppendorf tubes, which was fixed by means of cyanoacrylate [Figure 1]. The tooth was the Eppendorf tube cap was then fitted into the mouth of the tube, and the root canal was enlarged using K-files up to a size 40. 2 ml of 9% saline solution was used as an irrigant, and the canals were dried using paper points. At the end of instrumentation, smear layer formed in the canal walls during the instrumentation was removed with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 3 min and then a final irrigation was accomplished with 4 mL of 0.9% saline solution.
After preparation, two coats of nail varnish were applied to the external surface of all roots to prevent bacterial microleakage through lateral canals or other discontinuities in the cementum. A hole was created in the nail varnish that covered the apical foramen using a size 15 K-file. During this procedure, only 1 mm of file was extruded. As a result of this procedure, a standard size of foramen and apical patency was achieved. The entire model system was then sterilized in ethylene oxide gas for a 12-h cycle.
Contamination of root canals
A total sum of 60 root canals was inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA). The McFarland standard number of 0.5 was used to evaluate the broth to ensure that the number of bacteria was 1.5 × 10 8 colony-forming units (CFU) mL − 1 . A 10-μL amount of the bacterial culture was transferred into the canal lumen of the mechanically enlarged root canals using a sterile micropipette, and it was then stored for 24 h at 37°C.
The contaminated roots were divided into 2 experimental, 1 negative control, and 1 positive control groups each including 15 teeth.
Group 1: Ozone group
Gaseous ozone was applied with an ozone generator (HealOzone, KaVo, Biberach, Germany) with a 4 g m−3 ozone concentration was activated to dried root canals for 150 s using a hand piece, silicone caps (for sealing), and endodontic cannulas [Figure 1].
Group 2: Laser group
Canals were irradiated at 1.5 W, 10 J/cm 2 with the KTP laser (SMARTLITE D, Deka, Calenzano Firenze, Italy). Throughout laser treatment, the fiber tip (diameter of 200 μm) was applied with a spiral movement starting 1 mm short of the apex and then moving coronally for 5 s, interleaved with 15-s recovery intervals for each irradiation. This process was repeated 5 times [Figure 2].
Group 3: Negative control group
Canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 2.5% NaOCl using a plastic syringe with 27 gauge needle. The pressure applied by the operator on the syringe sufficiently allowed for a flow rate of 2 mL of irrigant per minute. Ten serial rinses were done with a 10 min contact period between bacteria and irrigant.
Group 4: Positive control group
Canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 0.9% sterile saline, and these served as controls.
Before the disinfection procedures, canals in all the groups were rinsed with 1 mL of 0.9% sterile saline solution. Salin solution was collected from canals with size 40 sterile paper points for a standard 1 min contact for the sample collection. Paper points were then transferred to Eppendorf tubes containing 5 mL of BHI broth. All collected samples were vortexed for 5 min, and 10 μL of suspension was inoculated onto 1 part of duplicated blood agar plates, which were divided into two. Initial mean number of viable microorganisms was determined 5 × 10 5 CFU mL − 1 ( 5.477 log CFU mL − 1 ) for all teeth. After treatment, experimental canals of all the groups were rinsed with 1 mL of 0.9% sterile saline solution. Thereafter sterile size 40 paper points were left in the root canals for 1 min and transferred to Eppendorf tubes containing 5 mL of BHI broth. Tubes were vortexed for 5 min, and 10 μL of suspension was inoculated onto second part of duplicated blood agar plates. The blood agar plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C; and CFU mL − 1 were enumerated per root canal sample. Colonies of bacteria were counted, and the results were given as the number of log CFU mL − 1 .
Statistical tests were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U-test. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
| Results|| |
The results, reported in [Table 1], show that the most effective group with complete sterilization in all the samples was Negative Control Group (2.5% NaOCl). However, the least effective group was Positive Control Group (0.9% saline). Although KTP laser irradiation and gaseous ozone provided in a significant reduction of the E. faecalis bacterial load, neither could achieve complete inhibition of bacteria. There was statistically significant differences between the KTP laser group and gaseous ozone group, the KTP laser group and control groups, the gaseous ozone group and control groups, and the positive and negative control groups (P < 0.05).
| Discussion|| |
In this study, E. faecalis, a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic coccus, which is a well-known endodontic pathogen, was selected for the infection of the root canals. It has been frequently recovered from root canals associated with posttreatment diseases and persistent apical periodontitis. It was also reported to be resistant to intracanal medicaments such as calcium hydroxide.  In a polymerase chain reaction-based in vivo study, Cogulu et al.,  determined that E. faecalis and Treponema denticola were highly associated with periapical radiolucency and previous pain in both primary and permanent teeth.
One of the aims of root canal treatment is to eliminate the bacteria, their products, and the substrate from the root canal system. The use of an irrigation solution in this process is essential to ensure bacterial elimination and the digestion of organic tissue remnants. The antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl against E. faecalis in permanent teeth has been evaluated and documented in the dental literature. , Eldeniz et al. showed that 3% NaOCl inhibited the growth of E. faecalis and provided complete elimination of the bacteria in all canals. Vianna et al. and Kustarci et al. showed that 2.5% NaOCl kills E. faecalis in 10 min. Approximately, 2.5% NaOCl showed a similar antibacterial effect in the present study. The antimicrobial effectiveness of NaOCl in root canals is reported to be a function of concentration and contact time.  Nevertheless, Siqueira et al. suggested that low concentrations of NaOCl may significantly reduce the endodontic infection but might not consistently dissolve all remnants in a reasonable time; as a result, the efficacy of weak solutions may decrease rapidly. A low concentration NaOCl (2.5%) solution was selected for the disinfection of primary root canals, and a contact time of 10 min was administered in this study in order to achieve comparable results with the KTP laser and gaseous ozone evaluated.
The use of ozone has been justified as a new option of irrigating agent with antimicrobial action. The antimicrobial effect of ozone results from oxidation of microbial cellular components. Ozone is a highly reactive form of oxygen that is generated by passing oxygen through high-voltage. In a recent study, E. faecalis biofilms were grown over 60 days in root canals and applied ozonated water, ozone gas, NaOCl 2.5% or CHX 2% for 20 min.  In contrast to the present results, none of the irrigants were found to have an antimicrobial effect.
In the present study, there were significant reductions of E. faecalis in the ozone group. This antibacterial effect of the gaseous ozone can be explained by the methodologies used that the gaseous ozone was applied for 150 s to root canals. This duration can be adequate, and it is also possible that the ozone gas applied into the moist root canals, as currently performed with the HealOzone device, dissolves in the root canals. As a result, an aqueous ozone formed, which then became more effective to the bacteria.
Stoll et al. determined the antibacterial effect of gaseous ozone obtained from a HealOzone generator during 120 s in root canals inoculated with E. faecalis. Additionally, researchers reported the beneficial effects of gaseous ozone for disinfecting root canal systems, in the case of NaOCl, could not reach deep enough into the root canals. Kustarci et al. examined the antimicrobial effects of 120 s gaseous ozone in root canals infected by E. faecalis. As a result, they found a reduction of the E. faecalis after the application of gaseous ozone.
Huth et al. investigated the effectiveness of gaseous ozone against microorganisms in a root canal biofilm model, and they reported that the total elimination of the microorganisms, in terms of the methods used in their study, could be achieved by ozone gas at 32 g m−3 for 1 min or by a lower concentration (4 g m−3 ) for longer contact times (≥2.5 min) in case of E. faecalis. The duration of action was, therefore, an important consideration in its antibacterial effect.
Case et al. examined the effects of gaseous ozone delivered into saline on biofilms of E. faecalis in root canals of extracted teeth, with and without the use of passive ultrasonic agitation. They reported that although none of the treatment regimes were able to reliably render canals sterile under the conditions used, ozone gas delivered into irrigating fluids in the root canal may be useful as an adjunct for endodontic disinfection. Halbauer et al. evaluated the effect of ozone gas on the remaining bacteria after the chemomechanical instrumentation of tooth root canal. The results of their study showed the efficacy of ozone on the bacterial count reduction in the root canal treatment.
The antimicrobial efficacy of various lasers against E. faecalis in permanent teeth has been evaluated and documented in the dental literature.  It was suggested that, besides the improved removal of debris and smear layer, dental lasers could provide greater accessibility to formerly unreachable parts of the tubular network because of their enhanced penetration into dentinal tissues;  consequently they may have ancillary antimicrobial effects to aid in the reduction of bacteria in the root canal.
In this study, the KTP laser was used in the primary root canals for disinfection. Few reports on the use of KTP lasers have been published. Tewfik et al. reported that when used within the canals, this laser did not modify the permeability of the smear layer-covered dentine. However, they noted that SEM examination revealed modifications to the surface of the smear layer with no subsequent effects on the underlying dentine. When used on etched dentine, lasing produced a modest increase in the root permeability associated with the enlargement and cracking of tubule orifices.
Kanamaru et al. focused on the influence of the KTP laser on the root canal surface and on the extent of the temperature increase at the root surface in vitro. They found that KTP laser irradiation facilitated the removal of the smear layer from the root canal surface. Thermography revealed the harmlessness of the procedure in reference to the temperature rise on the root surface.
Also, only a few studies have evaluated the antibacterial effect of the KTP laser. Schoop et al. studied the antibacterial effect of the KTP laser on the root canal dentin, and they found a reduction of the E. faecalis and Escherichia More Details coli. Simsek et al. examined the bacterial microleakage of the root canals irrigated with different irrigation solutions and the KTP laser system and filled with Gutta-percha and AH26 root canal sealer. Researchers showed that different irrigation solutions and the KTP laser allowed microleakage of E. faecalis.
Kustarci et al. determined the antimicrobial activity of KTP laser and gaseous ozone in experimentally infected permanent root canals. As a result, they found a reduction of the E. faecalis after application of KTP laser. Our results were similar to these previous studies.
In a previous study, Schoop et al. suggested that the protocol of lasing 5 times for 5 s, followed by a resting time of 15 s for the samples, irradiated at 1.5 W for both laser systems. These authors reported that the KTP laser protocol tested in that study may be a suitable tool for the disinfection of canals and can be safely applied if the common precautions are observed and the applied energy stays within the proposed range. Therefore, in the present study, the KTP laser was used in pulse mode, 1.5 W for 5 s, 5 times for each root canal with 15 s cooling time between each irradiation with the fiber tip (diameter of 200 μm).
In this study, there was significant bacterial reduction in the laser group. We thought that directing the laser beam onto the canal wall with 200-μm diameter endodontic laser fiber, which enables better direction of the laser light into the root canals. Also, given the characteristics of laser light and the fact that direct contact between target and fiber tip is not required, the emission of laser energy could represent a way to disinfect areas deep within the dentine. When laser energy is absorbed by the target, a reaction may occur depending on the total amount of energy applied, whereas the interaction type depends on power density (W cm 2 ) and pulse duration. A photo-thermal interaction with bacteria will represent a bactericidal effect.  However, in the present study, gaseous ozone group showed more of an antibacterial effect than the KTP laser did. This difference might be due to the fact that gaseous ozone, when compared to the KTP laser, can more effectively permeate the entire surface of the root canals and into dentinal tubules. Because the laser beam delivers its energy only where it is focused, it may not be possible to direct the beam over the entire surface of the root canal wall.
Under in vivo conditions, the microflora of an infected root canal consists of multiple types of microorganisms that may have synergistic interactions with each other. However, it is practically impossible to duplicate this clinical environment in an in vitro study such as the present one. Though the utilization of only one type of microorganism can be considered as a drawback in the present study, it can be speculated that a reliable comparison could still be performed regarding the influence of different disinfection protocols. Although care was taken to standardize the assessment conditions of the three disinfection methods evaluated in this study, due to the difference in the mechanisms of action for each group, some variations with regard to the technique are always expected.
KTP laser and gaseous ozone application provided a significant antibacterial effect in primary root canals. However, NaOCl was superior in its antimicrobial abilities compared to the KTP laser and gaseous ozone. Gaseous ozone, in comparison to the KTP laser, was found to be more effective in reducing the number of bacteria. However, both the KTP laser and gaseous ozone were insufficient in eradicating all bacteria.
This present study showed that laser irradiation and gaseous ozone could be aids to NaOCl in endodontic treatment, and they should be used at the end of instrumentation. The results of the study should be confirmed with clinical investigations in order to suggest laser irradiations and ozone application for the disinfection of root canals of primary teeth.
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Kuvvetli SS, Sandalli N, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G. Antibacterial efficacy of diode and Er: YAG laser irradiation in experimentally contaminated primary molar root canals. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2009;34:43-8.
Klinke T, Klimm W, Gutknecht N. Antibacterial effects of Nd: YAG laser irradiation within root canal dentin. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1997;15:29-31.
Moshonov J, Orstavik D, Yamauchi S, Pettiette M, Trope M. Nd: YAG laser irradiation in root canal disinfection. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:220-4.
Tewfik HM, Pashley DH, Horner JA, Sharawy MM. Structural and functional changes in root dentin following exposure to KTP/532 laser. J Endod 1993;19:492-7.
Kanamaru R, Furue H, Taguchi T, Niitani H, Machida T, Akasaka Y, et al.
Clinical phase III study of tropisetron capsule in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1995;22:1235-44.
Simsek N, Akpinar KE, Sümer Z. Evaluation of bacterial microleakage of root canals irrigated with different irrigation solutions and KTP laser system. Photomed Laser Surg 2013;31:3-9.
Bergmans L, Moisiadis P, Teughels W, Van Meerbeek B, Quirynen M, Lambrechts P. Bactericidal effect of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on some endodontic pathogens ex vivo
. Int Endod J 2006;39:547-57.
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]

domain: chemistry


ARINC424 is an aeronautical specification developed and maintained by the industry which has been used for the exchange of navigation and communication data between commercial data suppliers and avionic system manufacturers for more than 30 years
It was created in the 70’s to meet the requirements of more complex embedded navigation systems (FMS) supporting evolving navigation techniques. The ARINC424 sets forth the air transport industry’s recommended standards for the preparation of airborne navigation system reference data files.
The first issue of the ARINC424 specification was officially published in May 1975. The version applicable in August 2010 is version 19, which was released on December 2008. The specification is maintained by the A424 committee which groups the major aeronautical actors involved in the different steps of the data production chain:
- ANSP & administrations
- Commercial data providers
- Avionic systems suppliers
- Aircraft manufacturers
The ARINC424 specifies a format of navigation (and communication) data based on text files containing lines of 132 alphanumeric characters. Section 4 “ARINC424 Records” and Section 5 “ARINC424 Fields” detail the textual structure and the type of alphanumeric characters which shall be used in order to represent aeronautical features. The picture below illustrates how an Airport can be expressed in ARINC424.
In addition to the description of the format, the ARINC424 specification also provides a series of rules (Business rules) explaining how the Aeronautical Information Publication should be interpreted (naming convention for waypoints for instance). One of the major chapters of the specification (Attachment 5) deals with the encoding of terminal procedures (SID, STAR, Approaches). The ARINC424 defines in particular the concept of Path&Terminators (elementary trajectories which are sequenced in order to represent a complete procedure) which is now more and more adopted outside the strict A424 community. As an example, the ARINC424 Path&Terminator concept is reused in the ICAO Performance-Based Navigation Manual.
The ARINC424 datasets are assembled by commercial data suppliers based on the public sources (AIPs). Custom data (also named tailored data) which is specific to the end-user, such as the Company Routes specified by an airline, is added to this in initial set of standard ARINC424 data. The ARINC424 text files are then converted into binary datasets by ground compilers (packing software) which are unique to each avionic system manufacturer; at this stage, the input ARINC424 dataset can be adapted to meet the specific requirements of a target Flight Management System. The resulting binary file is a navigation database which is unique per FMS manufacturer and per FMS type. The picture above illustrates the general data production chain, from the publication to the embedded system.
One of the main consequences of this process is that an airline operating a mixed fleet will have to manage and validate many different types of navigation databases every 28 days (the AIRAC cycle), which generates significant logistic effort and costs.


The ABC-150 Power Processing System has the power and versatility you need for hybrid and electric vehicle test and development needs
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The ABC-150 tests integrated drive trains and subsystems. Cycle test motors, inverters, and energy storage components. The ABC-150 is also capable of simulating energy storage systems in the vehicle, such as the battery, flywheel, drivemotor/inverter, auxilliary power unit or fuel cell. The flexibility of the systems allows for simulation of a constant DC bus (infinite battery source) or real battery behavior. The behavior (battery impedance) of the simulated battery can be a function of battery type, load, State of Charge (SOC), ambient temperature, age, recent history or any number of parameters.
AeroVironment Inc., 222 E Huntington Drive, Monrovia, CA 91016. Tel: 626-357-9983; Fax: 626-359-9628.


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In what has been one of our closest contests ever, the judges have come to a consensus and we’re incredibly excited to announce THREE MONTHS by Jared Frieder as the grand prize winner of the second annual ScreenCraft Comedy Script Contest. The script is a shining example of a strong voice, telling the touching story of a young man forced to wait for the results of an HIV test while bringing levity to even the most complicated and dark moments of this story. This is a comedy with exceeding warmth and heart. The characters are engaging, the action fluid, and the stakes are palpable without ever skimping on the laughs.
A close runner up was PREGGERS, by Katiedid Langrock. This raucous adventure into the world of childbearing is truly a script that holds nothing back, with a barrage of laughs and a lead character so irreverent and filterless that it was hard not to love her.
The other eight finalists — culled from over 1000 entries – are well-crafted screenplays that demonstrate unique voices and impressive skill at drawing genuinely unexpected laughs from our readers and judges.
They are . . .
Along with the features, ScreenCraft is equally happy to announce that CORPORATE by Kris Pathirana took top prize this year in our comedy SHORTS category. We loved this hilarious story with flashes of dark humor. The talkative hitman with an excessive mean streak and a flair for business management is a strong calling card for Kris.
Kris will receive $1000 to help fund his project, as well as a phone call with Joe Farrell, who is Director of Development at Funny or Die (owned by Yahoo and Will Ferrell) and a co-executive producer on Comedy Central’s @midnight.
The runner-up in the shorts category is FIVE DAYS IN CALCUTTA by Fred Perry – a memorably morbid comedy about suicide, depression, and friendship. It has characters that pop off the page and it bristles with humanity and heart.
The rest of the top ten are as follows . . .
The winners of the Feature and Short Comedy Contest were determined by our group of esteemed readers and judges that included Mark O’Connor (producer, Green Hat Films (THE HANGOVER, PROJECT X, DUE DATE)), Alex Palpinger (executive at Montecito Picture Company (I LOVE YOU MAN, UP IN THE AIR, OLD SCHOOL, NO STRINGS ATTACHED)) Billy Wee (executive at Happy Madison (Adam Sandler’s production company) Dave Rath (manager at Generate (clients: Patton Oswalt, Kyle Kinane)) Sean Covel (producer (NAPOLEON DYNAMITE, BENEATH, BROKEN HILL)) Taylor Benzie (manager – Kaplan Perrone), Ben Mekler (Staff Writer, Nerdist Industries), and Olivia Gerke (Manager at 3 Arts Entertainment, the management company behind such comedy greats as Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Aziz Ansari, Louis CK, Maya Rudolph, Kevin Hart, Mindy Kaling, George Lopez, Matt LeBlanc, BJ Novak, James Franco, Charlie Day, Ray William Johnson and many more!)
Congratulations to the winning writers and thank you to everyone who submitted!

domain: entertainment


text:
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Lifestyle counselling is not the strong suit of primary care. In a recent research article in CMAJ Open, Bourgeois and colleagues found that clinicians perceived lack of time, expertise and competence as main barriers for lifestyle counselling designed to address the primary and secondary prevention of childhood obesity.1
Although the clinicians participating in the study cited time and their own lack of sensitivity and skills in exploring the topic of obesity prevention with young families, both they and the study’s polled parents readily agreed that discussions around healthy living strategies were highly relevant. With the growing backdrop of childhood and adult obesity in Canada, and with lifestyle reported as being able to reduce the odds of developing our top killers — cancer, heart disease and diabetes — by as much as 80%,2 the establishment of a road map to guide clinicians in cultivating healthful lifestyles among their patients is imperative to the health, and the health care expenditures, of our nation.
It is an interesting contradiction to see physicians identify a discussion as being highly relevant and yet cite time as the barrier to its initiation. Could this contradiction be due, at least in part, to a lack of training in nutrition and physical activity counselling?
A recent poll of medical students across nine Canadian universities showed overall dissatisfaction with their education on nutrition, with most students reporting a lack of comfort in discussing the role of nutrition in the treatment of disease and in identifying credible sources of nutrition education.3 Tellingly, and perhaps hearteningly, more than 87% of those polled believed that undergraduate medical education should dedicate more time to nutrition. Looking to the literature as to the state of medical education around physical activity, a recent study found that more than half of the physicians trained in the United States in 2013 received no formal education in physical activity and consequently are not prepared to counsel their patients adequately on engaging in activity.4
It is not likely enough simply to teach future clinicians about the whys and wherefores of healthful living. Health professionals have been found to possess dramatic weight biases; common stereotypes ascribed to those with obesity include laziness, lack of self-control, treatment noncompliance, dishonesty and lack of intelligence.5 In turn, this bias can affect patient care and undoubtedly jeopardizes the doctor–patient relationship. However, trust is integral to the acceptance of lifestyle counselling. Although it is not surprising that medical students have also been found to possess implicit anti-obesity biases, that 67% of the students were unaware of them6 speaks strongly to the need to ensure that medical education includes interventions designed to address these biases.
Although we have yet to devise a universally reproducible and effective office-based childhood obesity treatment and prevention program, there is some hope in that successful interventions, including those involving motivational interviewing,7 interprofessional counselling,8 parent-only counselling9 and more,10 have been identified. Nevertheless, when considering these successes, it is vital to remember that obesity is a chronic disease that requires lifelong treatment. Consequently, it is not surprising to find examples showing the recurrence of the disease when treatment stops.11
Obesity’s chronic nature necessitates the involvement of primary care providers. Their role, unlike any other health care provider’s, is one of lifelong, regular, consistent care. Ensuring that Canadian physicians receive training in the compassionate delivery of lifestyle guidance is crucial, and their guidance needs to be provided on a recurrent basis throughout a patient’s care.
In their study, Bourgeois and colleagues1 identified an obvious window during which this discussion might begin: a gap in well-child primary care between two and five years of age, which corresponds to the immunization schedule in Ontario. Clinicians have reported this period as a time when families are seen less often, and when interventions may have the greatest benefit.12 Herein lies a window during which clinicians could purposefully explore lifestyle with the families of all of their patients, since room for improvement no doubt exists for children of every size, and primary prevention is perhaps the most valuable endeavour. During this time, appropriately trained clinicians could lay a foundation of knowledge that could then be regularly and briefly reinforced over time; these discussions would easily complement the current practice of routinely measuring each patient’s height and weight.
Were we as a profession to make a concerted effort not only to recognize lifestyle as highly relevant, but also to train clinicians to help families with improving theirs, perhaps we could, at the very least, slow down the rise in chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity and, at best, help to start turning the tide.
See related CMAJ Open article at www.cmajopen.ca/content/4/2/E194
This article was solicited and has been peer reviewed.
Competing interests: Yoni Freedhoff is the medical director and co-founder of the Bariatric Medical Institute, which receives funding from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care to deliver year-long childhood obesity treatment interventions to parents of children between 5 and 12 years of age whose weights are of concern. He is the author of The Diet Fix: Why Diets Fail and How to Make Yours Work. He is the clinical lead for the Centre for Effective Practice in the development of a new tool to help primary care providers in the primary and secondary prevention of childhood obesity.

domain: literature


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Pet of the Week: Meet Harley
Every Wednesday at 8:30 we're joined by John Perreault, Executive Director of the Berkshire Humane Society to discuss all the happenings at their Barker Road facility, plus talk about their Pet of the Week.
The week's Pet of the Week is Harley, a 7-year-old spayed female mixed breed. John talked about her last month and she was adopted, but then returned to Berkshire Humane because she did not get along with the children in her new home. When people adopt an animal from BHS, they agree that they will return the animal directly to the shelter if it doesn’t work out. This way, BHS can ensure that they find the most suitable forever home for the pet, rather than the animal be passed from home to home. It’s also important for adopters to bring everyone in their household or who may interact with a pet to the shelter when meeting the animal before adoption.
Harley is a bit shy at first but warms up when she gets to know you. She should be the only pet in the household without young children. Staff are hoping to find a good home for this sweet girl!
The Berkshire Humane Society is now open to the public, adhering to all state guidelines.
To learn more about Harley and all the other pets looking for their forever home, contact at the Berkshire Humane Society at 214 Barker Road in Pittsfield, or give the shelter a call at (413) 447-7878.

domain: pet


It is almost ironic. After Obama’s State of the Union address early this year, the government has committed itself to kickstart the nation’s journey towards self-driving cars, almost in start contrast to the uncertainty looming over law makers’ and authorities’ heads over those driverless vehicles. Now, however, a global group of car makers are advising the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to take things slowly and ease up on the now aggressive push to write up regulations that would prove to be actually harmful to the industry in the long run.
Next to smart glasses and drones, self-driving cars are probably one of the biggest new headaches facing the US government. Not so much because of the dangers they pose per se but because the country’s automotive laws and regulations are ill-equipped to deal with these automated cars. Car makers who have a foot inside this budding technology bemoaned the lack of national regulations on self-driving cars, as each state would have its own set of rules that made development and testing harder to perform uniformly across the country.
Their prayers may have been answered when Obama publicly endorsed self-driving cars as a major push for the government. This has led the NHTSA to promise to develop such guidelines as soon as possible, within six months in fact. That, however, might be a two-edged sword and some car makers, represented by the Association of Global Automakers, are advising the agency not to rush those guiding rules.
At the first of two public hearings held by the NHTSA, Association safety manager Paul Scullion said that the government should not bind itself to “self-imposed deadlines”, in this case a July deadline, instead of a more thoughtful policy process. The suggestion was to incrementally develop the guidelines instead of rushing it for the remaining two months.
NHTSA Administrator Mark Rosekind, however, countered that there are already a lot of self-driving technologies on the road today, mostly in the form of driver assistance or autopilot features. If the agencies doesn’t act quickly, car makers will just put out more and more features without the benefit of strong guidelines.
Other speakers in the hearing also raised concerns on whether self-driving cars are ready for public roads, citing the inability to navigate snowy roads or even the dangers of being used as drone-style weapons. Another public hearing is scheduled later this month on the 27th.


text:
Theodore Boone is back in a new adventure, and the stakes are higher than ever. When his best friend, April, disappears from her bedroom in the middle of the night, no one, not even Theo Boone--who knows April better than anyone--has answers.As fear ripples through his small hometown and the police hit dead ends, it's up to Theo to use his legal knowledge and investigative skills to chase down the...
By John Grisham
Age Range: 8 - 12 years
Grade Level: 3 - 7
Lexile Measure: 830L
Series: Theodore Boone (Book 2)
Hardcover: 256 pages
Publisher: Dutton Books for Young Readers; First Edition edition (June 6, 2011)
Product Dimensions: 5.8 x 0.9 x 8.5 inches
Amazon Rank: 185006
Format: PDF Text TXT book
Hoping to be saved by someone, but unable to ask for help, the shyest member of the cast explores a running theme of these tales in her own halting voice this round: While self-reliance is well and good, beware of its debased counterfeit minted from a mere reluctance to connect with others. Enjoy reading Rudolf Steiner. Even taken in the context of the day, this novel's glaring inadequacies and blunders are hard to miss. Download book Theodore Boone: The Abduction Pdf. Monsters and Miracles offers a story that will appeal to both boys and girls, and middle schoolers as well as an older audience. ”What are you waiting for. English writer and social critic (1812-1870). Drawing upon a wealth of company-held archival photographs and enlivened by the present-day interviews she has conducted, local writer Amy Rogers brings to life the history of Carolina Tractor & Equipment Company―a true American success story. ISBN-10 9780525425571 Pdf. ISBN-13 978-0525425
Theodore Boone: The Abduction reviews:
I chose the 5 stars cause John Grisham is one HECK of a writer and I have read alot of books he has written and there Isn't a bad one in the many books he has written that I know of any way.I loved t...
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Well written, well presented and well worth getting if you are starting with, or upgrading to, Pinnacle Studio 18 software. I have hope that things will get back to normal for our 10 + year relationshipThank you. Dare to begin living the life God has for you today. This book was never intended to be a book, but I am so happy the publisher saw fit to make it one.
- Theodore Boone: the Abduction epub
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- Download Theodore Boone (Book 2) pdf
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domain: library


The symphony of life is created from the crystallization of the flawless values of two cultures, architecture ... Vietnam and Japan - Phu My Hung Midtown, will wake up the dream of a living space.
The place where nature starts new day brings a rich color and clear sound from the Sakura Park which is firstly appeared in Vietnam. The place where having a lot of great facilities brings exciting experiences every day for residents.
Phu My Hung Midtown – The architectural masterpiece that Phu My Hung firstly joined hand with the three leading real estate developers in Japan: Daiwa House Group, Nomura Real Estate Group and Sumitomo Forestry Group.
The complex area consists of four interconnected buildings on 56,331m2 of land. Among The Grande building was announced in February, and the next building - The Symphony will be officially launched in the second quarter of this year. Phu My Hung Midtown fully integrates functions from housing, office to commercial, service and entertainment. Notably, the buildings here are designed in an ecological style, utilizing modern design techniques to maximize the green area, increase the use of functional space. Most of the building materials are imported from Europe. The design units are from the leading companies in the region.
"The Phu My Hung entire urban area has developed more than 70% of the land fund, the remaining funds are not much,and it is used fordeveloping house. Therefore, we want to do works with the best quality, "Truong Quoc Hung said.
Midtown Phu My Hung savors premium luxury living in a terrain of wealth and happiness that is rarely to find from others giving much conveniences for everyday living and especially have significant impact on your home value appreciation:
Vicinity of city: just across the bridge to the vivacious International Commercial & Financial District and the Crescent District with multi-functional buildings like offices, hotels, services, F&B
Vicinity of river: in front of the serene scenic river, trailing the curve of the terrain
Vicinity of commercial route: located in the commercial Nguyen Luong Bang avenue & Tan Phu avenue converging numerous international schools & administration buildings.
Vicinity of park: opposite to the unique and iconic SAKURA PARK in Vietnam. And just within walking distance to the Saigon South park 4.5ha.
Vicinity of school: surrounded by local & international schools (Canadian, Saigon South, Japanese, Korean, Taipei…)
Developed in the direction of "Self-contained" in many convenience levels, Phu My Hung Midtown brings diversified services from the inside area to the outside of the living space. Accordingly, each project in the complex area is planned with all the convenience services only for residents such as swimming pool, outdoor barbecue, yoga in the top floor, golf room, library ...Xem thêm
The second level is the completion of the complex area as a small city, integrating into the community space with F & B service, shopping stores, supermarkets ... Especially along the river is the Sakura Park for the first time in Vietnam. It is inspired from the famous Cherry Blossom Park in Japan, there will be a Singapore Sakura tree line arranged along the footpaths of 600m or designs blended with Vietnamese and Japanese cultures such as floating deck, Sakura Plaza water fountain ... There is also an play area for children of each age, a multi-function sport field with many practical amenities for all residents.
The last level is that when stepping out of Phu My Hung Midtown complex area, residents need more variety, Phu My Hung urban area will meet all requirements such as trade, finance, entertainment, culture, health, education…
PHU MY HUNG REAL ESTATE TRANSACTION OFFICE
For more information about Midtown, please fill in your details:


text:
The Public Relations Office of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) announced on December 16 that Brigadier-General Ghodratollah Mansouri, a veteran of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-88), had accidentally killed himself while cleaning his gun.
At the end of the war, General Mansouri was given the command of the Imam Reza 21st Brigade. He later commanded the Nasr 5th Army, and also served in Iraq and Syria.
Since 2014, he had been the commander of the IRGC’s ground forces at Saman Alaemah military base in Mashhad, capital of the northeastern province of Khorasan Razavi.
This is not the first time that a senior IRGC officer is said to have accidentally shot himself dead while cleaning his gun.
IRGC Colonel Second Class Mohammad Ali Malaki, the commander of Imam Ali military base in Tangestan County, in the southern province of Bushehr, killed himself while cleaning his sidearm on December 14, 2015.
Lieutenant Colonel Hassan Akbari, a member of the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s security detail, was killed on May 1, 2016 while on a training mission in Syria. The IRGC’s Public Relations Office listed “firearm malfunction” as the cause of death.
Two weeks later, Rahmatollah Sharifi, the border guard commander of Piranshahr, the northwestern province of West Azerbaijan, shot himself dead with his sidearm. The IRGC did not release any details on the apparent suicide.
Kayhan London published a report in September 2016 on the increasing number of suicides among soldiers and military personnel in Iran. Military units have been trying for the past 10 to 15 years to offer better psychological care to their soldiers and officers.
Speaking at the Sixth National Conference on Mental Health on December 16, Brigadier-General Second Class Shahnam Baboli, the director of the Health Department of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces (NEZAJA), said: “The mental health of the armed forces’ soldiers, officers and personnel is a vital part of combat-readiness of the military. More work needs to be done in this area.”
Translated from Persian by Fardine Hamidi