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Morocco lies just under nine miles (14.3km) from Spain across the Straight of Gibraltar, the only place where the Mediterranean Sea mixes with the Atlantic Ocean. The mixing of the two seas which lap Morocco's coast serves as a useful allegory for understanding the North African country's rich history. Morocco is an elaborate weave of Arabic, Berber, French and Spanish culture which has captivated the imaginations of travellers for the better part of the last millennium; it is this heady mix of old and new which sees contemporary Morocco thriving.
Hints of Morocco's turbulent history still pervade daily life, and serve to strengthen its allure. Since the days of the Phoenicians, Morocco has attracted foreign interest from the Romans, Vandals, Visigoths and ancient Greeks until the coming of the Arabs in the 7th century, who brought Islam and the Alaouite Dynasty. European powers have had their day, too: France and Spain battled for control until nationalism triumphed and the Kingdom of Morocco gained independence in 1956, and evolved into the Morocco travellers experience today.
For some, the main appeal for visitors to Morocco has always been its balance of the familiar with the exotic. Morocco's seaside cities like Tangiers offer Mediterranean charm; while inland Marrakech thrums with vibrant souks, markets where legendary fine Moroccan crafts are made and sold, and Moorish architectural wonders loom overhead; and Casablanca is the economic centre of Morocco, playing host to an energetic business culture and international trade.
However, travellers to Morocco would do well to venture beyond the cities. The Rif Mountains in the north, and the High Atlas Mountains in the heart of Morocco, offer scenes of life in Berber communities where their languages and culture are well preserved. Adventurers will find paradise in mountain ranges which offer skiing on snow-capped peaks, trekking through gorges and fertile valleys, and kayak trips down powerful streams. In the south, the vast, bleak power of the Western Sahara enthrals travellers who choose to journey by camel or 4x4.
No matter the particulars of travellers' time in Morocco, they are sure to be fascinated by visions of snake charmers weaving their magic while the call of the muezzins wafts from the ancient minarets. Visitors can expect aromas of mint tea, elaborate carpets and vibrant squares, but they can also expect much more from contemporary Morocco which acknowledges its past while keeping pace with global development and interconnectivity.
Steeped in history, spanning miles of Mediterranean and Atlantic coastline, and boasting exciting attractions, Morocco is a sightseer's paradise. Part of the appeal is the inviting climate but there is so much more to this diverse and historically rich country than meets the eye. Within the enchanting medieval medinas of Fez and Marrakech, where snake charmers blow their hypnotic melodies amid the smell of the tanners' yards, and the hustle and bustle of the open-air markets, the fascinating and exotic soul of Morocco can really be glimpsed. With Phoenician, Hellenic, Carthaginian and Roman civilisations all having passed through Morocco, it's also worth revelling in the immensity of the country's past by exploring its countless museums, palaces, mosques, tombs and ruins.
Adventurous travellers can also head south to explore the hot desert sands of the Western Sahara, and see breathtaking landscapes that are a privilege to behold. Or for a completely unexpected holiday experience, visitors could head deep into the High Atlas Mountains for a skiing holiday with a difference. There are exciting 4x4, horseback and camelback treks to enjoy as well as lovely coastlines to explore.
Many of the sights around the cities are best explored on foot, but for those planning on crisscrossing the country, trunk-line trains run through the heart of Morocco, connecting over one hundred stations spread out over 1,184 miles (1,907km) of track. Bus travel is also a popular mode of transport.
Towering over the labyrinthine streets and markets of Marrakech is the city's principal landmark, the minaret of the Koutoubia Mosque, known as the 'mosque of the booksellers' because of the bazaar of book traders that used to be nearby. The red stone mosque was first built in 1147, but demolished and rebuilt in 1199 because it was not correctly aligned with Mecca. The mosque has 17 aisles and 112 columns, and room for thousands to pray within. The ornately carved minbar (pulpit) is believed to have been a gift from the Almoravid Sultan Ali Ben Youssef. The minaret is 221ft (69m) high and consists of six chambers one atop the other, ascended by a ramp through which the muezzin rises to the top balcony.
What it lacks in beauty, the large town square of Marrakech, Djemaa el-Fna (Square of the Dead), makes up for with a pulsating liveliness that belies its name. Every day the square is a colourful circus of performing artists including snake charmers, musicians, storytellers and healers who vie with each other to be noticed by the milling crowds. Every evening food stalls take over and the competition is fierce among them for the passing trade, with everything from boiled snails and sheep's heads to thick vegetable soup, kebabs or fresh salads on offer. The square is a fascinating place to be a while relaxing at of the surrounding cafes and watching the swirling parade.
The beautiful necropolis was built by the Saadian Sultan Ahmed el Mansour in the late 16th century as a final resting place for him and his successors. Having fallen into disrepair, the tombs were rediscovered in 1917 and carefully restored to their former splendour. There are 66 indoor tombs, lavishly decorated with colourful, intricate mosaics. The central mausoleum, the Hall of the Twelve Columns, is exceptionally ornate with a high, vaulted roof, furnished with stunning carved cedar panels and columns of grey Italian marble. The tombs are spread through three rooms and there are gardens outside the building where the graves of soldiers and servants can be seen.
The al-Karaouine Mosque, located in the heart of the Fes El Bali (Medina), was founded in 859 with an associated madrassa (school) that subsequently grew to become one of the leading educational and spiritual centres in the Islamic world and is now called the University of al-Karaouine and incorporated into the modern university system of the country. According to UNESCO it is the oldest continually operating educational institution in the world. The mosque itself is enormous (one of the largest in Morocco) and beautiful, although austere, with many striking features. It is considered the most sacred mosque in the country and the timing of Islamic festivals across Morocco is determined here.
The Kasbah des Oudaias was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2012, and is a pleasant place to take a stroll and admire some interesting architecture. The Kasbah was the Alhomad citadel of medieval Rabat, and is guarded by an impressive arched gate built around 1195. Inside the Kasbah is the palace and Andalusian gardens, as well as a broad terrace, which gives beautiful views of the river and sea close to the city's oldest mosque, the Kasbah Mosque, built in 1050. Below the terrace are several fortifications with gun emplacements guarding the estuary, and even further below is a beach, usually crowded with locals.
Emerging from the boulevards of the Ville Nouvelle (New Town) of Rabat, travellers will come across the ruins of Chellah, once the thriving walled Roman port city of Sala Colonia, abandoned in 1154 in favour of Sale across the river mouth. In the time of the Almohads the site was used as a royal burial ground, and following this, the Merenid sultan, Abou El Hassan, added some monuments and the striking main gate in the mid-14th century. Just inside the gate are Roman ruins dating from 200 BC, which include a forum, a temple and a craftsmen's quarter. The citadel is now part of a garden and in spring the ruins are surrounded by a beautiful variety of flowers.
The massive Hassan Tower, which dates to 1196, is the minaret of a mosque and towers over the capital, Rabat. However, the huge Rabat Mosque itself was never completed and was largely destroyed in an earthquake in 1755. The mosque and the minaret were intended by the builders to be the largest in the world but today all that is left of the mosque is several walls in various states of ruin and 200 columns. Also, the minaret, made from striking red sandstone, is unusually situated at the centre of the mosque building, and was intended to be 262ft (80m) high, though it stands at 164ft (50m) today. Each façade of the minaret is intricately patterned with different motifs on each face.
Volubilis, near the Moroccan town of Meknes, situated between Rabat and Fez, was a central Roman administrative city in Africa from around the third century BC, built atop a previous Carthaginian city. Volubilis was unique in that it was not abandoned after the Romans lost North Africa to the Arabs, with even the Latin language living on in the area for several centuries. Volubilis remained inhabited until the 18th century, when it was demolished to provide building materials for the palaces of Moulay Ismail in nearby Meknes, which meant that a great deal of the Roman architectural heritage was lost. Today the ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and consist of some well-preserved columns, a basilica, a triumphal arch and about 30 magnificent mosaics.
The word socco is the Spanish version of souk, meaning market, and has stuck to this square in the heart of Tangier because of its Spanish heritage. The square is, however, no longer a marketplace, but rather a city crossroads and huge taxi rank, fronted by cafes, outside the fortified old part of the city. It is an interesting spot to spend time watching the passing parade, particularly the Rif women in colourful traditional costume touting vegetables and fresh mint. It is also the hop off point for entry to the medina, for admiring the luxurious Mendoubia Gardens on the north side, and the mosaic-studded minaret of the Sidi Bou Abid Mosque to the west.
In the midst of the old medina in Tangier, the US has provided a thriving cultural centre, museum, conference venue and library in the only historic landmark of the United States that is located abroad. The American Legation Museum is housed in the American Embassy, established in Tangier soon after Morocco became the first power to recognise the United States of America as an independent country in 1777; Sultan Moulay Slimane gifted the US this building in 1821. Although the sultan presented such buildings to a number of countries, the US is the only one to have held onto the property until the present day. The museum houses art collections, restored historic rooms, and a number of permanent exhibitions.
A collection of art from all over Morocco is housed in the imposing Dar el Makhzen, a former sultan's palace dating from the 17th century. The art collections are housed in the prince's apartments, which are breathtaking with frescoed ceilings, sculptured plasterwork and intricate mosaics. The art on display has been assembled from all regions of Morocco, and includes firearms decorated with marquetry, pottery, carpets from Rabat, silks, and bound manuscripts from Fez. The Dar el Makhzen palace is also home to a fascinating museum of antiquities relating to Morocco's pre-history, gathered from archaeological sites such as Lixus, Cotta and Volubilis. The museum includes a life-size model of a Carthaginian tomb.
Chefchouen is a magical little town up in the Rif Mountains, just a short drive from Tangier. The town has an interesting heritage, as it was a home to Spanish refugees in the middle ages, and took in Christian and Jewish refugees alike as the centuries progressed. Its medina is renowned as one of the most charming in Morocco, with whitewashed, gabled houses and blue-rinsed buildings where craftsmen sit in their shops sewing caftans and embroidering jellabahs. Probably the best thing to do here is hike, though, and one of the best places to trek to is the tiny, traditional village of Kalaa, hiding in the hills outside Chefchaouen.
The fishing village of Asilah, south of Tangier, has become a popular seaside resort because of its nearby Paradise Beach, relaxing ambience, and picturesque, 15th-century, Andalusian medina, which extends to the sea wall. Asilah is characterised by picturesque white buildings reminiscent of Santorini, but with a dash of Moroccan flavour. The town's long and fascinating history dates back to 1500BC, and it was not always as peaceful as it is now. In the 19th and 20th centuries Asilah was a notorious base for pirates, and the Spanish occupied it from 1912 to 1956. The ramparts and gateworks designed to fortify the old town against invaders of old are still intact.
The Ben Youssef Madrassa was once an Islamic college in Marrakech named after Sultan Ali ibn Yusuf, who expanded the city considerably. This madrassa was one of the largest theological colleges in North Africa and may have housed as many as 900 students. After being closed down in 1960, it was refurbished and reopened in 1982, an interesting attraction for the value of its educational influence, but mostly thrilling for tourists because of the stunning architecture and mosaics. The courtyards and patios are richly carved in marble, cedar and stucco, with intricate geometric patterns and Islamic inscriptions. The Ben Youssef Madrassa is often ranked as one of the best attractions of Marrakech.
The Museum of Marrakech is located in the Dar Menebhi Palace, built at the end of the 19th century by legendary Mehdi Menebhi, in the old centre of Marrakech. The palace was restored by the Omar Benjelloun Foundation and converted into a museum in 1997. The house itself is representative of classical Andalusian architecture, with fountains in the central courtyard, numerous carvings and beautiful tiles. The museum holds exhibits of both modern and traditional Moroccan art, as well as historical books, coins, pottery and other Berber artefacts. The convenient location and interesting building make this a worthwhile stop, even for the museum-phobic, and it is one of the most popular attractions in the city.
Bab Agnaou is one of the 19 gates of Marrakech and was built in the 12th century, in the time of the Almohad Dynasty, and stands the innermost and most ornate of the city's gates and was one of the first stone monuments built in Marrakech. The colour of the stone seems to change drastically depending on the light, weather and time of day, and the bas-relief is sophisticated and still impressive to this day. Experts believe that the function of the gate may have been nationally symbolic, as suggested by the corner-pieces that are decorated with floral designs, framed by three panels with inscriptions from the Quran.
The Majorelle Garden is a botanical garden designed by the French artist, Jacques Majorelle, in 1924. Previous owners have included Pierre Berge and Yves Saint-Laurent (whose ashes were scattered there when he died in 2008). The garden is also home to the Islamic Art Museum of Marrakech, which houses an exhibit of North African textiles from Saint-Laurent's personal collection, and paintings by Majorelle. The garden is home to more than 15 bird species endemic to North Africa, and full of ponds and water features. The garden took 40 years to create. It is one of the most popular tourist sites in Morocco and a must for all visitors.
Marrakech is home to a labyrinth of bustling souks (workshops and markets) that offer the city's most fascinating wares. The northern end of the souks, best accessed from the Ben Youssef Mosque, remains refreshingly unspoilt with blacksmiths making wrought-iron goods and alleys filled with the distinct odour of leather workshops. The stalls emerge further south and are met by the Rahba Kedima, a market famous for its bizarre offerings of animals and eccentric potions for spells. The market is colourful and crowded with plenty of fodder for keen photographers. The souks are a wonderful experience and many foreigners visit repeatedly during their stay.
The El Badi Palace ('the incomparable palace') consists of the remnants of a glorious palace built by the Saadian King, Ahmad al-Mansur, in 1578. The original building is thought to have had about 360 rooms, a courtyard and a pool, and was decorated with Italian marble and large amounts of Sudanese gold. It also had a small, underground jail where the king kept his prisoners. The design of the palace was influenced by Granada's Alhambra, but the original palace was torn apart by Sultan Mawlay Ismail. Today, the once luxurious palace is a ruin consisting of some intact rooms and numerous walls, terraces, gardens and foundations. The underground jail can still be explored and a number of beautiful mosaics survive.
Designed by French architect, Michel Pinseau, the King Hassan II Mosque is one of the largest mosques in the world and the largest in Morocco. It is affectionately nicknamed the 'Casablanca Hajj'. Perched on the edge of the city of Casablanca, this picturesque structure looks out over the Atlantic Ocean and features one of the world's tallest minarets, towering at 689 feet (210m). The minaret is 60 storeys high and is topped by a laser that points towards Mecca. Almost half of the massive mosque lies over the Atlantic, and the water can be seen through a gigantic glass floor. This feature was inspired by a verse in the Qur'an: 'the throne of God was built on water'.
Located past the ocean-side neighbourhood of the Corniche, the Shrine of Sidi Abderrahman is built on a rock out at sea and is only accessible at low tide. Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter the shrine, but travellers wishing to explore the tiny neighbourhood around it are permitted to do so. Most visitors just opt to admire it from a distance, catching a glimpse of the shrine and its breathtaking white walls while walking along the beach. Traditionally, people visit this shrine to heal mental illness and it is one of Morocco's most famous coastal shrines.
Designed by a Spanish architect, the Casablanca Twin Centre features two skyscrapers that are 28-storeys tall and tower above the city at 377 feet (115m). Known as La Grande Casa, the buildings house offices, businesses, a five-storey shopping mall and a luxury, five-star hotel. The towers are the tallest buildings in the city and are situated in the Maarif district, at the intersection between Zerktouni Boulevard and Al Massira Al Khadra Boulevard. The two towers, named the East Tower and the West Tower, are joined at the lower levels by a large complex that contains the bulk of the shopping centre.
Meknes, located just 37 miles (60km) from Fez, is the least-visited of Morocco's Imperial Cities, and this is exactly what draws discerning travellers to discover its considerable charms. A city brimming with history but mercifully short on chaos, Meknes is the ideal destination for those looking to explore Morocco's rich, imperial past at a reasonable and measured pace. The city of Meknes was the brainchild of Moulay Ismail (ruler of Morocco for an incredible 55 years, between 1672 and 1727), who sought to construct a city fine enough to rival any in Europe. Today the city has a wonderfully preserved medina area and a collection of great souks that can be navigated without the need for a tour guide.
|au revoir||goodbye||au rev wahr|
|merci||thank you||mehr see|
|s'il vous plait||please||seel vu play|
|je m'appelle||my name is||juhm up el|
|ou est||where is||oo eh|
|parlez-vous anglais?||do you speak English?||par lay vu on glay|
|je ne comprends pas||I don't understand||juh nuh cohn praw pa|
|j'ai besoin d'un docteur||I need a doctor||je buh zwa da dok tur|
|un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq||one, two, three, four, five||oon, dew, twa, quart-re, seenk|
Morocco's climate is moderate and subtropical, cooled by breezes off the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. The weather is unpredictable and can be changeable, swinging from extreme heat to unexpected cold. The climate is also highly variable according to region and terrain and travellers are advised to check the conditions for the exact destinations they will be visiting. The climate of the northern Moroccan coast and central areas is Mediterranean, with hot dry summers and mild wet winters.
In the interior the temperatures are more extreme: winters can be fairly cold and the summers very hot. Marrakech has an average winter temperature of 70F (21C) and an average summer temperature of 100F (38C). In the Atlas Mountains temperatures can drop below zero in any season and mountain peaks are snow-capped throughout most of the year. The winter, between December and February, is wet and rainy in the north of the country; while in the south, at the edge of the Moroccan Sahara, it is dry and bitterly cold. Summer is the driest season.
Weather-wise, the best time to visit Morocco is generally in the spring and early summer, between March and May. Alternatively, autumn, occurring between September and November, is also mild and pleasant.
One of Marrakech's most popular eateries with foreigners, this simply furnished Italian restaurant and pizzeria has a wood-burning oven in an open kitchen, filling the air with delicious Italian aromas. Guests can order a royal pizza, topped with ground beef, prawns, mushrooms and ham; or try pasta in a creamy tomato and vodka sauce, and feel truly aristocratic as a bow-tied waiter caters to their every wish. It's recommended that guests save room for the excellent tiramisu, or perhaps the home-style apple crumble. Cantanzano is open Monday to Saturday for lunch and dinner (12pm to 2.30pm, and from 7.15pm to 11pm); reservations are recommended and they do serve alcohol.
This bookstore-cum-restaurant offers velvet chairs and comfortable loungers; a few strategically placed armchairs entice readers to sit down with coffee and cake, accompanied by free WiFi for those who need to stay connected. An open kitchen serves salads, soups, sandwiches and burgers, or mushroom risotto and freshly baked cakes. Patrons can indulge in brunch-style breakfasts or an afternoon high tea with complimentary brownies. The tapas plates of hummus, tapenade, aubergine d'caviar and pate are also good. Open Monday to Saturday, 9:30am to 9pm. Cafe du livre also serves alcohol.
This restored riad is a wonderful venue for a romantic dinner. The back garden is the best place to eat, its walls decorated in Majorelle Garden blue and encircling a central swimming pool. Candle-lit tables and rose petals accompany a set menu of nouvelle Moroccan cuisine; familiar meals with a fresh twist. Patrons should try the beef tagine with figs and walnuts, cooked with cinnamon and argan oil. Lively yet subtle Gnaoua and Andalusian music completes the ambient scene. Open Tuesday to Sunday 12pm to 3pm, 7:30pm to 11pm. Visitors should make reservations and alcohol is served.
Cafe des Epices is great for people-watching and the owner dishes out tasty sandwiches, salads, pastries along with helpful information. Spiced teas and coffees round it all off tastefully on the rooftop terrace at sunset, while the first floor's chill-out lounge has become a popular spot for local youngsters. The atmosphere is new world, with music to match. Open daily, 8am to 8pm.
The unit of currency is the Moroccan dirham (MAD), which is divided into 100 santimat. ATMs are available in the larger cities and towns, but can be unreliable; currency can be exchanged at banks or official bureaux de change, which are also widespread in major towns. Dirhams cannot be obtained or exchanged outside Morocco and receipts must be retained as proof of legal currency exchange, in addition to being the only way to re-exchange money when departing. Major credit cards are accepted in larger shops, hotels and restaurants.
Arabic is the official language, but eight other languages are also spoken, including Berber, French and Spanish. English is generally understood in the tourist areas, but French is more widely spoken.
Electrical current is 220 volts, 50Hz. Two-pin round plugs are in use.
US nationals: US citizens must have a passport that is valid for the period of intended stay in Morocco. No visa is required for stays of up to 90 days.
UK nationals: British citizens must have a passport that is valid for the period of intended stay in Morocco. A visa is not required for stays of up to 90 days for holders of British passports endorsed British Citizen, British National (Overseas), or British Subject (containing a Certificate of Entitlement to the Right of Abode issued by the United Kingdom).
CA nationals: Canadian citizens must have a passport that is valid for the period of intended stay in Morocco. No visa is required for stays of up to 90 days.
AU nationals: Australian citizens must have a passport that is valid for the period of intended stay in Morocco. No visa is required for stays of up to 90 days.
ZA nationals: South African citizens must have a passport that is valid for the period of intended stay in Morocco. A visa is required.
IR nationals: Irish citizens must have a passport that is valid for the period of intended stay in Morocco. No visa is required for stays of up to 90 days.
NZ nationals: New Zealand citizens must have a passport that is valid for the period of intended stay in Morocco. No visa is required for stays of up to 90 days.
Generally, travel to Morocco does not require a prior visa application; however, travellers should enquire about the specifics from their nearest Moroccan embassy. Also, all foreign passengers to Morocco must hold proof of sufficient funds to cover their expenses while in the country. It is highly recommended that travellers' passport have at least six months' validity remaining after the intended date of departure from their travel destination. Immigration officials often apply different rules to those stated by travel agents and official sources.
No vaccinations are required to enter Morocco, although travellers should consider vaccinations for hepatitis A, hepatitis B and typhoid. It is wise to only drink bottled water and to avoid eating uncooked meat. Swimming in fresh water carries the risk of catching bilharzia. Rabies is present, so travellers should contact a doctor if bitten. Medical facilities are decent in all major cities but can be extremely limited in rural areas, meaning health insurance is recommended. All required medications should be taken along in their original packaging, and accompanied with a prescription from a doctor.
A tip of 10 to 15 percent is expected in the more expensive bars and restaurants, though some establishments do include a service charge. Most services are performed with the aim of getting a few dirham, but aggressive hustling shouldn't be rewarded. Nevertheless, visitors should note that tips are the only income for some porters and guides.
Violent crime is not a major problem in Morocco and most visits are trouble-free, but there have been some incidents of theft at knife point in major cities and on beaches. Sensible precautions such as avoiding badly lit streets at night should be adhered to. Guides offering their services should display an official badge from the local tourist authorities. Touts and merchants can get quite pushy and confrontational so visitors should be firm but polite when refusing goods or services. Female travellers may attract unwanted attention from Moroccan men, and should take advice before deciding to travel to the country on their own.
Morocco is a Muslim country and it is best to keep the wearing of swimsuits, shorts and other revealing clothing to the beach or hotel poolside. Women travelling alone will generally be hassled less if dressed conservatively. The country has many smokers, and it is customary to offer cigarettes in social situations. Religious customs should be respected, particularly during the month of Ramadan, when eating, drinking and smoking during daylight hours should be discreet as it is forbidden by the Muslim culture. Foreigners have been expelled in the past for alleged proselytising. The giving and receiving of things, and the eating of food, should only be done with the right hand, as the left is considered unclean. Homosexuality is a criminal offence, and sexual relations outside marriage are also punishable by law.
Business in Morocco has been influenced by France and therefore tends to be conducted formally, with an emphasis on politeness. Dress is formal, and women in particular should dress conservatively. Most business is conducted in French, although some English is spoken. It is best to ascertain beforehand what language the meeting will be in, and arrange an interpreter as needed. Visitors are expected to be punctual, though meetings may not start on time. Moroccans are friendly and enjoy socialising; trust and friendship are an important part of business dealings so foreigners should be prepared to engage in small talk. A handshake is common when arriving and departing. Women may encounter some sexism in business, although this is starting to change. Most businesses are closed on Fridays, and some are also closed on Thursdays.
The international access code for Morocco is +212. The outgoing code is 00 followed by the relevant country code (e.g. 0044 for the United Kingdom). Hotels can add a hefty surcharge to their telephone bills so it is best to check before making long international calls. Public WiFi is readily available in most major cities; visitors should purchase a local SIM on arrival.
Travellers to Morocco over 18 years do not have to pay duty on 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 400g tobacco; 1 litre spirits and 1 litre wine; and 150 ml of perfume and 250 ml of eau de toilette.
Moroccan National Tourist Office, Rabat: www.visitmorocco.com.
Moroccan Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 462 7979.
Moroccan Embassy, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7724 0624.
Moroccan Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 236 7391.
Moroccan Embassy, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6290 0755.
Moroccan Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 343 0230.
Moroccan Embassy, Dublin, Ireland: +353 1 660 9449.
United States Embassy, Rabat: +212 0537 637 200.
British Embassy, Rabat: +212 537 63 3333.
Canadian Embassy, Rabat (also responsible for Australia): +212 537 54 49 49.
South African Embassy, Rabat: +212 537 70 0874.
Irish Consulate, Casablanca: +212 522 27 27 21.
New Zealand Embassy, Cairo, Egypt: +202-2461-6000.
A ski resort in the desert! Thick snow envelops the Jebal Oukaimeden mountain peak during the winter months (usually January and February), just a 46 mile (74km) drive from Marrakech. The town of Oukaimeden, which can be reached by taxi or car, is well-equipped with the basics for skiers, with restaurants, ski equipment to rent, comfortable hotels set in lush greenery and backed by blue mountains, as well as ski schools for beginners. Skiers can ascend the mountain by donkey or camel, but there are also some modern ski lifts. Five ski runs traverse down from the dizzying heights of Jebel Attar and there are nursery slopes and some intermediate runs.
The village of Ouirgane, in the foothills of the Atlas Mountains, about 90 minutes' drive from Marrakech, stands at the centre of a popular resort area, where summers are cooler and winters less harsh than those experienced in the city. The surrounding Berber countryside offers picturesque villages and hamlets to explore, set in pine forests full of wildlife and groves of fruit trees, alongside streams cascading down from the High Atlas Mountains and fields of wild flowers. The soil is a striking red, which emphasises the luxuriant greenery and makes the landscapes slightly otherworldly in some lights. The area is also known for its extraordinarily beautiful rose gardens.
The Todra Gorge, a canyon on the eastern side of the High Atlas Mountains, is undoubtedly one of the most spectacular natural attractions that Morocco has to offer. Nature lovers who feel starved in the choked streets of Morocco's cities can simply take the trip to the Todra Gorge (most easily accessed from the town of Tinerhir) where they will be rewarded with the experience of a lifetime. To put the grandeur of the gorge into perspective, travellers should consider that over its final 1,950 feet (600m), the canyon narrows to a rocky passage only 33 feet (10m) wide, while the sheer walls rise up 984 feet (300m) on either side.
Ait Benhaddou is an ancient fortified city (ksar) situated along the former caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakech. It is certainly one of the most breathtaking tourist attractions in Morocco. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ait Benhaddou is not only a place of great historical significance that stands as a record of Maghreb architectural practices, but is so immediately evocative of the most romantic visions of ancient Arabia that visitors may mistake it for a fanciful mirage. The buildings are constructed against a mountain and surrounded by steep defensive walls, and are all built from moulded earth and clay brick.
The popular holiday resort town of Essaouira dates from the 18th century and is easily reached by bus from Marrakech. The town is encircled by a fortified wall and faces the sea, featuring a beautiful stretch of beach, some pretty whitewashed houses, boat-builders workshops and art galleries. What makes Essaouira popular is the laid-back holiday atmosphere, and the reliable coastal wind that makes it a perfect place for wind-reliant watersports such as kite surfing. The wind can make sunbathing and swimming more difficult, though. It is also famed for its woodcarving tradition, particularly due to the appeal of the local fragrant Thuya wood, which ensures that some gorgeous souvenirs can be found.
The holiday destination of Agadir, south of Marrakech, is contemporary and fresh, fast developing into Morocco's major resort town. The reason? Agadier's magnificent sandy beaches. Agadier was rebuilt as an important seaport and centre for caravans traversing the Sahara after an earthquake wiped out most of its historic heritage in 1960. The rebuilt city has been modelled as a tourist destination and fishing port, favoured by package tours, particularly as a starting point for excursions into the Western Sahara to the south. Agadir has a lovely promenade along the coast and a vibrant restaurant and cafe culture tailored towards tourists. The nightlife is also fast developing and the shopping scene shouldn't disappoint.
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KANSAS CITY, Mo. – The organization Chain of Hope spent Sunday trying to get some last-minute supplies to pet owners who have dogs or other animals in dangerous situations.
Chain of Hope focuses on alleviating the suffering of abused and neglected animals in Kansas City’s urban core. Sunday, the organization spent the day handing out hay from their truck. The hay can be used to help insulate a dog house, but a spokesperson from the group said the ideal thing to do would be bringing the pet inside.
“They’ve got to get those dogs in tonight and tomorrow night. They're in danger of finding a dead dog in the morning,” said Kate Quigley with Chain of Hope.
Normally, volunteers from Chain of Hope drives around looking for animals in distress, but Sunday they figured it would be more efficient to hand out hay from a single location.
During the summer, the organization spends time looking for and supplying distressed animals with water.

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Hong Kong Plugs FTA, DTA With Australia
by Mary Swire, Lowtax.net, Hong Kong
21 September, 2015
During her recent visit to Australia, Hong Kong's Chief Secretary for Administration, Carrie Lam, urged the completion of both a free trade agreement (FTA) and a double taxation agreement (DTA) between Hong Kong and Australia.
During remarks in Sydney on September 18, Lam noted that, "last year, Hong Kong-Australia bilateral trade in goods and services was worth more than AUD8.5bn (USD6.1bn). That's up 5.4 percent over the previous year. The increase was contributed largely by a nine percent increase in Australian merchandise exports to Hong Kong."
Lam welcomed the fact that "Australia, just three months ago, signed a free trade agreement with Mainland China, subject to parliamentary endorsement. I am confident it will provide Hong Kong with more business and investment opportunities."
However, she also believed that "an Australia-Hong Kong FTA would facilitate further free flow of goods, services, investment, and people between the two places, bringing about significant economic and strategic benefits. We hope to see positive progress in this matter."
Australian businesses look to Hong Kong for investment opportunities, particularly into Mainland China, and Hong Kong is already Australia's sixth-largest source of investment, bringing in a total of AUD77bn. Lam pointed out that "a DTA between us would also facilitate further investment flows and serve as a boost for our respective businesses. And I look forward to an early commencement of negotiations in this regard."
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domain: news


text:
Improving plastic scintillators for detection of neutrons and gamma rays
Detection of special nuclear materials (SNMs) at borders and ports of entry is critical to ensuring peaceful use of fissile materials. Plastic scintillators are viable option for first line of detection for these materials due to their low cost and scalability. Based on common polymers such as poly(vinyl toluene) (PVT) or polystyrene, plastic scintillators can distinguish between neutron and gamma radiation via a technique called pulse shape discrimination (PSD). PSD capable plastic scintillators allow for more accurate detection of SNMs and would theoretically reduce the number of “nuisance ...
(For more, see "View full record.")

domain: chemistry


DIVERSify Intercropping Group
The group will explore opportunities for intercropping and companion cropping in arable systems, including;
- Sharing experiences between farmers of different plant teams.
- Identifying beneficial combinations and their impact on key indicators identified by farmers e.g – yield, soil and plant health, weed burden and pest / disease – in different contexts.
- Practical considerations / overcoming challenges– including crop competition, establishment, machinery, harvest, separation and finding markets.


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It seems like forever ago that Kylie Jenner had an upper lip that didn’t really exist to all of the sudden,very full lips in her selfies? As a celebrity there is no way to hide that you have had work done.
But, its really like who cares if you got it done because you wanted it done own up to it and don’t lie about it! Which she has done for infinity now, we all have been staring at her like girl, just admit it already!
Well the day has come that she has owned up to having her lips done, well kinda, she still downplays it like it’s not that big of a deal and that it’s temporary, and she didn’t talk about it because of the media before, but who knows, I’m just glad she finally admitted it so girls who look up to her that are teenagers…
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domain: celebrity


text:
Nov 14, 2017, 9:54 am49 ptsKodak has lost $46 million this quarter and will lay off 425 employees, indicating that its film resurgence is still a work in progress. The company chalked up $46 million in losses (compared to a $12 million profit in the same quarter last year), to...
Revolut gets European banking license in Lithuania TechCrunch 164
Nvidia's Shield TV gains Amazon Music streaming Engadget 147
Tesla sues its alleged saboteur for $167 million Engadget 118

domain: economics


text:
The United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON) is poised for a transformative evolution, blending modern architecture with the lush embrace of nature in a groundbreaking real estate venture.
Founded in 1974, the Gigiri-based complex has long been the central hub for the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) and serves as the largest UN headquarters in Africa. However, faced with aging infrastructure and the need for expanded conference facilities, the UN approved a comprehensive masterplan for the Gigiri site.
Resolution 78/253, adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 22, 2023, allocated a staggering budget of approximately Sh37 billion to the project. Envisioned to accommodate 9,000 participants across a sprawling 95,700 sqm, this ambitious endeavor marks a significant milestone for the UN’s presence in Nairobi.
Led by the esteemed Chicago-based architectural design firm Krueck Sexton Partners, the project’s final designs have been unveiled. With a keen eye on sustainability and environmental preservation, the architects have crafted a vision that seamlessly integrates the UNON campus with the surrounding Karura Forest.
As described by the designers, the project aims to reverse the encroachment of urbanization on the forest’s boundaries, allowing for the restoration of native flora and fauna while preserving natural waterways and topsoil. The resulting architectural ensemble not only enhances the functionality of the UN complex but also serves as a testament to the harmonious coexistence of human innovation and natural beauty.
This innovative approach to real estate development is a fitting tribute to the mission of the UN Environmental Programme and underscores the organization’s commitment to environmental stewardship. Through meticulous planning and thoughtful design, the new UN complex stands as a beacon of sustainability and a model for future urban development projects.
Experience the visionary blend of architecture and nature in the artistic renders of the proposed UN complex, where modernity meets ecological harmony in an unprecedented real estate endeavor.


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|Year of release||2017|
The Unreleased 1976 Solo Album. That’s the way this album was announced. A solo-album by Neil Young recorded on August 11th 1976. That’s right, in one day, in one session.
Neil Young is working on his archives, which has led to multiple impressive releases, like the phenomenal Live At Massey Hall 1971, Dreamin’ Man Live ’92 and A Treasure. beautiful releases containing historic (mostly live) recordings. And now Hitchhiker sees the light of day, an album Young didn’t want to release at the time. Luckily he changed his mind, because even though almost every song has been released previously, they have never been put out in these pure, naked versions.
In his 1994 memoirs, Special Deluxe, Young mentioned the Hitchhiker session:
“I spent the night there with David and recorded nine solo acoustic songs, completing a tape I called Hitchhiker.It was a complete piece, although I was pretty stony on it, and you can hear it in my performances. Dean Stockwell, my friend and a great actor who I later worked on Human Highway as a co-director, was with us that night, sitting in the room with me as I laid down all the songs in a row, pausing only for weed, beer, or coke. Briggs was in the control room, mixing live on his favorite console.”
Young was intensely pleased with the songs themselves, because, during the course of many years, no less than 8 songs found their way to multiple albums.
Hitchhiker was recorded during an extremely fertile period in Young’s career. The recordings took place after the (release of the) albums After The Gold Rush, Harvest, On the Beach, Tonight’s The Night and Zuma, an impressive array of albums that are all equally beautiful. Around these time more albums were recorded, and shelved like Hitchhiker, like Homegrown and Chrome Dreams.
In a recent interview, which was made available on Neil Young’s Facebook page, Young states he wanted to release the sessions, but the execs of Reprise Records weren’t impressed with the material. It was regarded as a collection of demo’s.
Augustus 11th, 1976
Between 1975 and 1977 Young and his producer David Briggs regularly recorded sessions, on nights with a full moon, at the Indigo Ranch Studios, Malibu. These sessions were highly productive and produced many great songs, like the stunning Stringman. David Briggs:
He’d turn to me and go, ‘Guess I’ll turn on the tap’—and then out came ‘Powderfinger,’ ‘Pocahontas,’ ‘Out of the Blue,’ ‘Ride My Llama.’ Two days, a day. I’m not talkin’ about sittin’ down with a pen and paper, I’m talkin’ about pickin’ up a guitar, sittin’ there and lookin’ me in the face and in twenty minutes—’Pocahontas’
The evening/night session of August 11th, 1976 went just like that. Young had some rough ideas for songs. He came into the studio with a guitar and a harmonica (the piano was only used on the last song). After the question “You ready, Briggs?” Young started and kept going until the 10 songs were done. No bells and whistles, just Young and an acoustic guitar, at times accompanied by a harmonica. That’s how simple things can be.
After the session
As stated before, no less than 8 songs of the session were used on other albums:
- The Old Country Waltz was released on American Starts ‘N Bars (1977), in another version;
- Campaigner was released on Decade (1977);
- Human Highway was released on Comes A Time (1978), in another version;
- Pocahontas, Powderfinger en Ride My Llama were released on Rust Never Sleeps (1979), in other versions;
- Captain Kennedy was released on Hawks & Doves (1980)
- Hitchhiker was released on Le Noise (2010), in another version.
Many of the songs were re-recorded, sometimes including a band (among which Crazy Horse). Two songs were never released, but were occasionally played live: Hawaii and Give Me Strength.
I do not agree with Neil Young’s or Reprise Records’ opinion on these recordings. I think it’s an impressive document. It’s hard to grasp that Young, after a long run of near perfect records, comes up with this in the course of just one evening.
All the songs are equally strong, the performances beautiful and intimate. The two previously unreleased songs fit in with the rest and hold up to the high standard of the other songs. Young´s ways are inscrutable, even then. One can only guess what Young’s motivation behind this release is, but is that really relevant, if the result is as beautiful as this? Of course not.
The cover photo is just as beautiful, fitting the era. The brown-ocher glow demonstrates its time and invokes nostalgia. But the album mainly inspires gratitude. Gratitude for another beautiful Neil Young album.
All songs written by Neil Young.
- Captain Kennedy
- Give Me Strength
- Ride My Llama
- Human Highway
- The Old Country Waltz
Do you know this Neil Young album yet? What’s your take on it? Let me know!
Neil Young – Hitchhiker – Banner image: neilyoung.com
Neil Young 1976 image: pinterest.com
Indigo Ranch Studios Malibu image: gloriacavalera.com
Neil Young – Hitchhiker image: neilyoungwarnerbrosrecords.com

domain: entertainment


Crimson Trace 1911 Lightguard
Last year, I had an opportunity to try out the Crimson Trace Lightguard at Gunsite in a variety of night exercises. At the time, the only handgun that the new Lightguard was available for was the Smith & Wesson M&P. While there, a few of us writer types asked when a Lightguard would be coming for 1911 handguns. The only answer we received from Crimson Trace representative Iain Harrison was a smile, which we took as it was coming; he just wasn’t sure when.
Then, a few months ago, Crimson Trace announced that the 1911 LIghtguard was coming and would be available soon. I got mine last week.
The Lightguard is a small but powerful gunlight designed to attach to the trigger guard of semi-auto handguns, resting just below the dust cover in a similar fashion of the Laserguard for compact handguns like the Ruger LCP. It attaches very easily to most 1911 pistols and is locked into place with the included wrench via three small screws, providing 130 lumens from its single CR2 Lithium battery for two hours of run time, according to Crimson Trace.
Shortly after receiving the Lightguard, I fastened it to my Kimber Ultra Carry and stuck the whole rig into a SpringTac holster, which I’ll discuss later. The instinctive activation of the light worked easily, in fact, maybe too easily. It was difficult to not activate the light during initial drills, as the button was just above the activator of my Lasergrips and simply holding the gun sent the light streaming. It took a little while to figure out the proper ready grip that didn’t activate the light prematurely. It wasn’t difficult, but it did take a little bit of thought.
Early testing in a dark range showed the light powerful enough to light up a target zone quite well, which isn’t surprising as I shined myself before attaching it to my gun and it produced spots in a bright room and completely blinded me when I tried it in a closet.
Now the Lightguard is really good for viewing, and I shot with pretty accuracy at 20 yards. However, I would like the beam to be a little tighter, and in side by side comparison with my SureFire 110 lumen Backup, the handheld light was noticeably brighter, but that might have been a factor of focus rather than lumens. The SureFire has a tighter beam for longer distances, while the Crimson Trace is wider for viewing more, kind of like field of view in a variable-powered scope.
Regardless, I really like the Lightguard. It’s small and lightweight, without the bulkiness of most gunlights, allowing it to fit in much smaller holsters, including the IWB holster I’ve been carrying it in. I will admit though, that I think I’m going to attach the Lightguard to my Colt as I can’t tuck my shirt around the SpringTac holster and I just really don’t like carrying open. I just don’t want people knowing I’m carrying a gun.


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Our Murano Glass Heart Bottle Stopper Wedding Favors is the perfect expression of love, elegance, and practicality. Handmade from a stunning blend swirled glass, each heart is perched atop a crystal clear base. These Venetian-like favors are like miniature replicas of the works of the famous artisans of Murano, Italy. Your guests will be wowed by your impeccable taste!
Size: Each stopper measures approximately 5" in length.
Details: Each of these unique bottle stoppers comes packaged in a quality two-piece silver gift box and stamped with the authentic "Murano Art Deco Collection" logo in silver foil.

domain: design


text:
AMP acquires SMSF admin business
AMP SMSF has acquired SMSF administration business Justsuper, which offers a range of support services to financial advisers and dealer groups.
In an announcement, AMP SMSF said following the acquisition, Justsuper will continue to operate under its own brand name and with its existing team of employees.
There will be no disruption to Justsuper’s clients, AMP SMSF stated.
“We’re excited to announce the acquisition of Justsuper as we continue to grow our SMSF operation. It places the business in a strong position for future growth and further cements our leading position in the SMSF administration market,” said AMP SMSF’s managing director, Natasha Fenech.
Stephen Doulgeridis, chief executive of Justsuper, will sit on the AMP SMSF leadership team and report to Ms Fenech.
“This is great news for Justsuper and its clients. We will continue to operate in the same way we always have. Clients will now benefit from a broader range of market leading SMSF administration platforms as well as having access to AMP SMSF’s team of highly regarded technical experts,” Mr Doulgeridis said.
FPA advocacy too ‘politically correct’, says CEO
EXCLUSIVE The Financial Planning Association of Australia has taken an advocacy ...
Wealth management investigations up 216%
ASIC has revealed a 216 per cent increase in the amount of wealth management inv...
FASEA guide ‘above the current law’: AFA
The recent guidance from the Financial Adviser Standards and Ethics Association ...

domain: finance


text:
For inter-caste, inter-faith couples, a harrowing search for safe houses
Despite a Supreme Court directive, only Delhi, Haryana and Punjab have proper shelters for such couples facing opposition from families and community
October 10, 2022 10:31 pm Updated October 11, 2022 09:57 am IST - New Delhi
Ravikant Chandrawanshi and Alisha. Photo: Special Arrangement
Amit Kumar had everything going for him. After graduating in engineering and landing a decent job, Amit wanted to settle down with his childhood sweetheart Renu. The couple had known each other since Class IX and dreamt of a life together. The only difficulty was that Renu belonged to a Brahmin family and Amit was a Dalit.
With their homes barely a kilometre apart in Garhwa district of Jharkhand, Renu knew her family would never approve of the match. The couple decided to run away and tie the knot in another State. And thus began their tale of unending harassment and tragedy.
The couple married at a temple in Dehradun and got their marriage registered there. They had just about settled down at Paonta Sahib in Himachal Pradesh when, in a midnight raid, the Uttar Pradesh police took away Renu, claiming that she had been abducted. Amit and Renu have not seen or spoken to each other since that fateful night of August 13, 2021.
Amits life has been a quagmire of legal battles and dismissedhabeas corpuspetitions since then. I fear my wife is no more, he toldThe Hindu.
Activists say such tragic situations can be avoided if couples like Amit and Renu are provided safe houses and special protection by the State governments as mandated by the Supreme Court.
According to data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), the number of honour killings in the country was 24, 25 and 33 in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Punjab, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand topped the list in 2021 and 2020, while Manipur was on top in 2019.
The government in 2021 informed Parliament that there were 145 honour killing incidents in the country between 2017 and 2019.
Interestingly, though the NCRB report attributed only 25 deaths to honour killings in 2020, it said there were 27 deaths due to casteism and 1,558 due to illicit relationship. Similarly, in 2021, 33 deaths were listed under honour killings, but 1,544 and 1,532 under illicit relationship and love affairs, respectively.
So far, only Delhi, Haryana and Punjab have safe houses for inter-faith and inter-religious couples. Kerala has only announced the setting up of a safe house.
In fact, only 21 States have said that they have complied with the Supreme Court directives, which means that they have asked the police officers concerned of a State for strict compliance, according to Dhanak for Humanity, a non-governmental organisation which works with such couples, helping them solemnise their marriages and providing legal support.
The Supreme Court had in 2018 directed that safe houses be set up in every district as well as a special cell in States for couples facing opposition from families and community.
Gaurav Yadav, an engineer from IIT Chennai, said he was working with survivors of honour crimes and couples who are in hiding to petition the government for more safe houses across the country.
Soon we will form an official grouping and petition the government to follow the Supreme Court directives on safe houses and special cells, Mr. Yadav said, adding that he had organised a convention regarding the same in Delhi recently.
He said though couples had been demanding that safe houses be set up, the State administrations had looked the other way.
An example is of Ravikant Chandrawanshi and Alisha, who had a harrowing time getting married under the Special Marriage Act in Chhattisgarh.
The inter-faith couple at first decided to elope and marry in Bilaspur. However, a lack of support system and security, including finances, saw them return home in Kawardha within four days.
As my wifes family were well to do and politically connected, they kept up the pressure on us. Finally, we had to take legal recourse and approached the High Court asking them to direct the State administration to provide the mandated safe house and police protection.
However, we were informed that there was no safe house and Alisha had to go to asakhicentre or a womens safe house, Mr. Chandravanshi said.
Though the couple approached the highest of authorities, they were not given any police protection either and had to go into hiding for around six months after their marriage.
According to Asif Iqbal of Dhanak for Humanity, most States send the girl to a Nari Niketan after couples approach them. It is here that the girl is the most insecure as her family mostly approaches her and puts pressure to go back. Many a time, this also leads to what is known as honour killing of the girl.
Sanjay Sachadev of Love Commandoes, an organisation which rescues and shelters such couples, said, The need of the hour is safe houses across the country. In almost every case, the police try and send the girl to a womens shelter and the boy is left to fend for himself.
A couple who are staying in a Delhi safe house and did not wish to be identified said that they could not have thought of living together had it not been for the security of the safe house.
Mr. Iqbal, whose organisation has helped many couples seek legal recourse to stay together and get married, said that of the distress calls he receives, the most were from Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan.
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domain: law


text:
Патент USA US2120715код для вставки
June‘ 14, 1938. J. D. SEGUY 2,120,715 CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBONS Original Filed Feb. 21, 19.34 N“. J72 Vé 72 f0 71' Jéan @elaiire ?eyz‘zjg L lYolvzzll 2,120,715 ' Patented June 14, 1938 UNITED’. STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,120,715 CONVERSION OF HYDR-OOARBONS Jean Delattre Segny, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Universal Oil Products Company, Chicago, Ill., ‘ a corporation of Delaware I Application February 21, 1934, Serial No. 712,290 Renewed April 14, 1931 _1 Claim, (01. 196-62) ' This invention relates more particularly to the may be introduced to the plant by way of line I containing control valve 2 while hydrogen is si conversion of'relatively heavy hydrocarbon mix multaneously introduced by way of line I’ con tures into maximum yields of low boiling motor taining control valve 2', pump or blower 3' disfuel fractions. 5 In a more speci?c sense the invention consists charging the hydrogen through line 4' containin a process in which temperature, pressure, time ing valve 5' into line 4, the discharge line from and hydrogen concentration in the reacting ma ' oil feed pump 3. The mixture of oil and hydro terials are interregulated so that a process of high gen then passes through valves 5, 6 and ‘l and enters line 21 containing control valve 28 and e?lciency results in respect to both yield and qual 10 ity of product and general mechanical advantage. leading to the heating element 29 arranged to receive heat from a suitably designed furnace 30. In general the process of destructive hydrogen Line 21 may also receive preheated charging oil ation for the production of large yield of low boil from line 25 by way of valve 26 and combined ing liquids from heavy hydrocarbon liquid mix tures is well known at the present time and de ' refluxes from line 9|! respectively as will be later described. 15 velopments in ‘this ?eld are of the nature of im In order to accomplish the stepwise tempera ‘provements upon the basic process which con ture reduction in the series of catalytic convert sists essentially in cracking with a suitable excess _ of hydrogen in the presence of catalysts of proven . 20 character. The process of the present invention is a con tribution to this ?eld and as will be shown later makes possible the ei‘?cient production of high yields of gasoline from heavy hydrocarbon liquidv such as the residues and heavy distillates of pe 25 troleum in a stepwise process in whichthe tem perature and pressure are oppositely varied in successive stages. . ' In one specific embodiment the invention com prises simultaneously subjecting hydrocarbon oils 30 and hydrogen to elevated temperatures and pres sures in a heating element, passing the heated products successively through separate beds of catalyst while progressively decreasing the tem perature and increasing the pressure, fractionat 35 ing the vaporous products from the ?nal conver 5 10 15 ers, use may be made of indirect heat exchange with regulated portions of the relatively cool charging oil. Thus a portion of the direct feed 20 from pump 3 may be diverted through line 8 con-' taining control valve 9 and pass through indirect heat exchanger Ill positioned in the upper vapor space of ?nal converter 69, leaving the heat‘ex changer‘ through line ll containing control valve 25 ii‘. The amount of raw charging 011 thus diverted will depend upon the temperature found by trial to be most suitable for the ?nal conversion stage. The oil from line H may be either returned to the main feed line 4 by way of line l3 containing 30 control valve l4 or may be passed to indirect heat exchanger H in intermediate converter 5| by way of line l5 containing control valve I6 as the exigencies of the case may dictate. Similarly the sion stage to produce gasoline and returning liq exit liquid from indirect heat exchanger ll leav- 35 ing through line is containing control valve l9 uid re?uxes from the catalytic conversion stages and the ?nal fractionator to the primary heating primary converter 33 by way of line 22 contain element for further treatment. 40 ‘ _ I The general ‘process thus brie?y outlined can be carried out in apparatus of varying design both in respect to absolute and relative capacities of various interconnected parts. However, without unduly limiting the scope of the invention, its > 45 character may be conveniently developed by the description of an operation given in connection with a characteristic plant layout, and to assist _ in this description the attached drawing has been provided which shows diagrammatically in gen 50 eral side elevation an arrangement of cooperative elements and parts which may be employed to convert heavy hydrocarbons into gasoline by de structive hydrogenation according to the present process. 56 Referring to the drawing, heavy charging oil may be passed to indirect heat exchanger 24 in a ing control valve 23 or may return to the main oil feed line 4 by way of line 20 containing con- 40 trol valve 2 I. As an alternative mode of cooling by indirect heat exchange with relatively cool raw oil, regu lated portions thereof may be admitted to in termediate converter cooler I‘! by way of line 45' I3 containing control valve [4 and similarly into cooler 24 by way of linel? containing control valve 2|. Thus the temperature control in the converters may be given a sufficient degree of ?exibility for practical purposes. 50 The range of temperatures and pressures to which the mixture of oil and hydrogen is brought during passage throughthe heating ele ment 29 is considerable but as a rule the temper atures will be from 600 to 900° F., and the pres- 55 2 2,120,715 temperatures are relatively high and pressures relatively low while the reverse conditions obtain 54. The liquids condensing at this point are drawn out by way of line 55 containing control valve 56 to an accumulator 51, from which they pass through line 58 containing control valve 59 to pump 60 and are discharged through line 6| in the ?nal conversion stages. For example, the materials leaving the heating element may be at containing control valve 62 to combined re?ux line 90 for ultimate return to the heating element. a temperature of 800 to 900° F., and a pressure of 750' pounds per square inch. these conditions The vapors from space 54 are then passed through line 63 containing control valve 64 to a sures from 500 to 3000 pounds, per square inch. As previously stated it is a feature of the pres ent process that in the primary conversion stages 10 obtaining through the succeeding primary cata lytic converter except as temperature drops by accidental or regulated cooling and the pressure drops as a result of ?uid friction. In the second stage the pressure may be stepped up to approxi 15 mately 1500 to 2000 pounds per square inch while the temperature is reduced to some point in the neighborhood of 800° F. In a third stage the pressure may be still further increased to from 3000 to 4000 pounds per square inch while the 20 temperature is brought down to some point in the neighborhood of 700° F‘. The present description of an operation is limited to three stages, but the process in general is not so limited as any num ber may be employed, considering of course, the 25 proper economical balance between plant in vestment and improved results which may be obtained. In the drawing intermediate con .verter 5| may be considered as representing any number of converters of a similar character. It 30 has been found that by this method of operation there is less tendency for the primary products of hydrogenation to undergo secondary decom position reactions so that the overall ef?ciency 35 14 to a receiver ‘I5 and are then returned to the combined re?ux line 90 by ‘way of line 16, valve 11, pump 18, line ‘I9 and valve 80. 20 For convenience of operation, the foregoing sys tem of re?ux receivers having separate pumps has been shown. However, owing to the high pressures which obtain in the converters, it may be possible at times to operate and return re?ux 25 without this extra equipment. However, a pump will always be necessary to return re?ux from the primary converter which will be at a somewhat lower pressure than that obtaining at the en trance to the heating element. ’ feed line, such as, for example, line 21, although To trace the path of the heated materials Owing to consumption of hydrogen in the course of the conversion and reconversion reactions, through the plant layout shown in the drawing, supportedupon a screen 35 above a lower vapor space 36 in which liquids and vapors separate, the vapors being further subjected to treatment for increasing the yield of light products while 45 the liquids are returned to the heating element along with other re?uxes. Thus the re?ux liquids pass through line 31 containing control valve 38 to an intermediate accumulator 39 from which they are taken by a pump 42 by way of line 40 50 containing control valve 4| and discharged through line 43 containing control valve 44 to the combined re?ux header 90. The vapors from space 36 pass through line 45 containing control valve 46 and are taken by 55 pump 41 for (?mpression to a higher pressure. The compressed vapors pass through line 48 con taining control valve 49 and in addition to the use of raw oil indirectheat exchangers, some of the heat of the vapors may be dissipated by the use of aerial coolers indicated by 50 in the draw ing. It will be noted that the size of converter 5| is shown as somewhat smaller than primary converter 33. In the normal operation of the process the e?ect of high pressure and reduced 65 temperature is toadecrease the volume of the vapors and as a rule less time of contact with catalysts is necessary to further the reactions. Thus the size of the converters for the succes sive steps may continuously decrease to the last stage. , The path of the more highly compressed vapors through intermediate converter Si is sub stantially the same as through primary converter 33, that is, they pass through a bed of catalyst 52 supported upon a screen 53 to liquid-vapor space 30 Also while it has been indicated that hydro gen is admitted to the raw oil feed line 4, it may also be admitted at any desired point along the of hydrogenation is higher and the hydrogen consumption correspondingly lower. they pass ?rst to line 3| containing control valve 32 and enter the top of a primary converter 33 40 which contains a bed of catalytic material 34 70 compressor 65 and the still more highly com pressed vapors pass through line 66 containing control valve 61 and if desired through an aerial cooler 68 to enter the top of ?nal stage converter '69 containing catalyst bed 10 supported on screen ‘II and having a liquid vapor separating space 15 12. As before, the liquid condensates are with drawn through line 13 containing a control valve means for this are not shown in the drawing.‘ further quantities may also be admitted between the stages into lines 48 and 56 respectively. The , hydrogen‘ may be preheated if desired. 40 The vaporous products from lower space 12 of ?nal converter 69 comprises ?xed gases, vapors of gasoline and heavier re?uxes pass out through line 8| containing control valve 82 to enter frac tionator 83 which in most instances is operated 45 ' at some pressure lower than that obtaining in the ?nal converter. The function of the ?nal frac tionator is to eliminate substantially all products heavier than the desired gasoline and enable the recovery of ?nished gasoline as an overhead prod 50 uct. The liquid re?uxes from the fractionator are drawn out ‘through line 84 containing control valve 85 to a receiver 86 and are returned to the heating element by way of line 81, valve 88, re ?ux pump 89, line 90 and valve 9|. 55 The overhead vapors from fractionator 83 pass through vapor line 92- containing control valve 93 and the gasoline is condensed by condenser 94, passing along with residual ?xed gases through rundown line 95 containing control valve 96 to a' 60 ?nal receiver 91 which has a‘?xed gas release line 98 containing control-valve 99 and .a liquid draw line I00 containing a control valve IOI. Any of the effective hydrogenating catalysts may be employed in the converters at different 65 stages. They may be employed alone or in ad mixture and may be further admixed with or deposited upon relatively inert and generally siliceous spacing materials and sized to effect a compromise between contactsurface and loss of head due to flow of the vapors through the mass. As examples of catalysts which may be employed may be mentioned such metals as those of the iron group, to-wit: iron, nickel, cobalt, their oxides and sulphides and more particularly the oxides 75 and sulphides of metals of the sixth group in cluding ‘chromium, molybdenum and tungsten. The preparation and manipulation of such com posite solid catalysts is fairly well established in the art at this time and no claim is made to the use of such compounds or combinations thereof as a feature of the present process. - It may be of advantage, however, to vary the type of catalyst or catalyst mixture employed in 10 the successive stages. For example, some of the less energetic but at the same time more resistant types of catalyst such as molybdenum and cobalt sulphides may be employed in the primary con verters while more active catalysts may be em ployed at the lower temperatures in the later stages. The exact choice of a catalyst more suit able for a given stage is best determined by trial, however, since the present knowledge of mecha nism of catalyst action rarely if ever permits a prediction as'to the more effective substance for accelerating a given reaction. - As an example of improved results obtainable by the use of the present process the following may be cited although numerous other data could be given. A heavy petroleum distillate fraction from Mid .- Continent crude oil may be cracked and hydro genated. In the ?rst stage of the reactions ob taining through the primary reaction zone the 30 temperature may be maintained at approximately In the second stage the temperature may be reduced > 850° F., and the pressure at 50>atmospheres. to 800° F., and the pressure increased to 100 at mospheres. Following this, the third stage may be conducted at a temperature of 750° F., and a pressure of 150 atmospheres. By this procedure it may be possible to produce a yield of 95% of good.- octane number 400° F., end point gasoline, an increase of 10 to 15% over the possible yield when operating at mean temperature and pres sure conditions in a single stage. ' The nature of the present invention, its bear 10 ing upon the hydrogenation art and the type of improved results obtainable by its use are evi dent from a consideration of the preceding speci fication and example respectively, neither of which, however, is to be construed in a limiting sense as imposing corresponding limitation upon thegenerally broad scope of the invention. I claim as my invention: - . , A process which comprises subjecting heavy hydrocarbon material to destructive hydrogenat 20 ing conditions in a ?rst stage and converting a substantial portion thereof into gasoline boiling vhydrocarbons by the destructive hydrogenation, separating the resultant reaction products into vapors and liquids, returning at least a portion 25 of the latter to the ?rst stage, and subjecting the vapors to further gasoline-producing destructive hydrogenating conditions in a second destructive hydrogenating stage maintained under higher pressure and lower temperature than the ?rst stage. ‘ JEAN DELA'I'I‘RE SEGUY.


text:
© Anton butsenko/TASS
YEKATERINBURG, June 13. /TASS/. Sverdlovsk regional branch of the Yabloko party on 17 June will consider the nomination of the mayor of Yekaterinburg Yevgeny Roizman as a candidate for Governor of the Sverdlovsk region. TASS reported on Tuesday the press-Secretary of mayor Vic Mkrtchyan.
“Indeed, the conference of the regional branch of the party “Yabloko”, which is planned to discuss the nomination of Yevgeny Roizman as a candidate for Governor of the Sverdlovsk region, will be held on Saturday, June 17 in Yekaterinburg,” she said.


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I'm officially a whitelisted artist on Geometry Dash, LETS GOOO! Can't wait for all of you to make cancerous levels out of my trash songs.... :)
I'm a 16 year old music producer that has been producing for 1 and a half years. I'm open to do collabs and make custom songs along with mixing rap vocals for people just hit me up...
Borah High School
Joined on 8/21/20

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Has Nick Jonas requested that Priyanka Chopra move in with him?
It would seem that things are getting extremely genuine between Priyanka Chopra and Nick Jonas. The two have been painting the town red together, leaving coquettish remarks on each other’s Instagram posts and not long ago, Priyanka was Nick’s date to his cousin’s wedding in Atlantic City, New Jersey, where she met the whole Jonas family and fortified with them.
As per a report in a Hollywood newspaper, Nick has now requested that Priyanka move in with him. “Scratch is telling buddies that Priyanka is the one and he’s requesting that her turn in with him,” an insider stated, including, “Scratch cherishes that Priyanka is more established and more developed than his exes. There’s no amusement playing. They have an extremely simple relationship.”
A hypothesis is overflowing that Nick is stricken with Priyanka and needs to take things to the following level soon. With everything going swimmingly on the expert front, Nick needs to settle down and begin a family, and he truly trusts Priyanka is the one.
In any case, Priyanka’s companions have been cautioning her to not get excessively genuine, remembering Nick’s notoriety for being an “aggregate player”.
Priyanka and Nick initially started gossipy tidbits about a sentiment when they touched base finally year’s Met Gala together. At the time Priyanka had clarified, “We were both wearing Ralph Lauren and we chose to go together. It was entertaining.”


• Quality Management System complies with ISO 9001. • Machine passed CE International Certification. • Adopt special design air pressure system, save abrasive, reduces loss and more efficiency. • Adopt finish machining fittings and import cInquiry
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Montage has to be one of my absolute faves in Los Cabos! Its posh vibe is a little bit Scottsdale/a little bit Newport Beach with a bit of authentic Mexico all rolled into one fabulous resort. Situated on one of the very few swimmable beaches in Cabo, Montage has great dining options, a world-class spa, and a plethora of extraordinary culinary choices.
Ideally situated between colorful San Jose del Cabo (which comes to life during Art Walk every Thursday night) and vibrant Cabo San Lucas, Montage is also conveniently located across the road from the Twin Dolphin, a Fred Couples golf course.
All 122 guest rooms come with coastal (desert), ocean (partial), and deluxe full ocean views of stunning Santa Maria Bay, and all feature both indoor and outdoor showers, as well as over-sized soaking tubs. The stocked mini-bar includes artisan tequila and Mezcal and a Nespresso machine when you can’t bring yourself to leave the room for coffee.
There are three individual villas available with butler service, private swimming pools, spa amenities, and expansive living quarters. In addition to the guest rooms, there are 52 privately-owned two- and three-bedroom Montage Residences that are perfect for those looking for larger accommodations. They come complete with a golf cart, butler, the creature comforts of home (full kitchen, laundry, parking), a beach bed, and complimentary breakfast cooked for you (they will even shop for groceries in advance)! The Baja suite (no pool) and Presidential suite (infinity pool) are the only oceanfront accommodations.
Montage is perfect for families, couples, and multi-generational reunions. With school-cations being all the rage these days, enter Montage Academy – an on-site learning program (limited to 8 kids) that follows their curriculum back home and then adds Spanish lessons! And when parents need a break, the kids can be cared for and entertained at Paintbox, the fully staffed kids club.
The gorgeous spa is one of the largest in the entire Cabo region. It features 12 treatment rooms (2 for couples), a complimentary hydrotherapy circuit consisting of hot and cold plunge pools, and adults-only pool with private cabanas where you can eat lunch. The gym at Montage is enormous and offers 36 hours of classes per week, many of them complimentary for guests.
Guests can check out complimentary kayaks (try the sunrise kayak), paddleboards, and snorkeling gear. They’ll even carry your board into the water for you! Water sports are complimentary and include free instruction sessions for activities like paddleboarding.
Last but not least, I can’t finish a review without mentioning the food! Montage has three restaurants on property (one was under renovation during the time of my visit). One has Thai food inspired by Bangkok street food. Another is called Mezcal, a fine-dining contemporary Mexican restaurant that also serves breakfast daily and has an agave tasting discovery experience. You can also take cooking classes to learn how to make mole or tamales and homemade pizza. If you prefer to eat poolside, Marea, an open-air beachfront restaurant, offers fresh seafood and locally-sourced grilled meats. During our tour, I enjoyed Paletas (named after the Mexican popsicles), the small coffee shop boutique below the lobby. I sampled one of the many tropically-flavored popsicles (mine was fresa). They have grab-and-go items and great coffee available here as well.
If gorgeous scenery, delectable cuisine, posh accommodations, and world-class service sound like your cup of tea, contact Premiere Luxury Travel to plan your next beach getaway at Montage Los Cabos!
Our bespoke itineraries are uniquely designed to completely immerse you in your destination, with delightfully unexpected surprises along the way.
We have a special passion for all things culinary—and we would love to introduce you to your destination’s distinct (and delicious!) food and wine traditions through one-of-a-kind culinary experiences. The best part? You won’t have to do a thing except relax, recharge, and create memories that last a lifetime!
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domain: travel


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Bristol is the UK’s first European Green Capital – an inspired choice, not only for its green spaces and easy access to the countryside, but for its enthusiasm for all things sustainable, writes Lesley Gillilan
The Peak District has come over all Italian by hosting an annual vintage cycling festival based on a Tuscan classic. But instead of Chianti wine and cakes, there’s local ale and Bakewell pudding – and tickets have just gone on sale
With bracing walks, dramatic scenery and not a tourist in view, visiting the Lakes is more enjoyable at this time of year, says Kevin Rushby. And when the weather turns, it’s easy to keep warm. Cumbrian whisky, anyone?

domain: geography


text:
Mr. Tr... BE...
School: Faculté des Sciences & Techniques
Education level: Licence professionnelle "Aménagement arboré et forestier" 3rd year
Licence professionnelle "Aménagement arboré et forestier"
Highest educational level completed: number of years studied and completed with a diploma after highschool : +2
Last diploma : BTSA "Aménagements paysagers"
Current educational level : +3
Prepared job(s): : Gestionnaire d'espaces verts / Gestionnaire de patrimoine arboré
Duration of the internship: 4 semaines
Beginning of the internship:
Study-work program No
Geographical mobility from your place of residence : 100Km >> ...
Known Tools / Software/ Methods : Pack Office / Qgis (SIG) / Sketchup
HGV, LGV, special vehicles licences : Permis B
French : Native
English : Intermediate
Spanish : Intermediate
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domain: library