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Hippocampal 5-HT1A Receptor and Spatial Learning and Memory
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 2Department of Neuropsychology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 4Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Spatial cognition is fundamental for survival in the topographically complex environments inhabited by humans and other animals. The hippocampus, which has a central role in spatial cognition, is characterized by high concentration of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor binding sites, particularly of the 1A receptor (5-HT1A) subtype. This review highlights converging evidence for the role of hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors in spatial learning and memory. We consider studies showing that activation or blockade of the 5-HT1A receptors using agonists or antagonists, respectively, lead to changes in spatial learning and memory. For example, pharmacological manipulation to induce 5-HT release, or to block 5-HT uptake, have indicated that increased extracellular 5-HT concentrations maintain or improve memory performance. In contrast, reduced levels of 5-HT have been shown to impair spatial memory. Furthermore, the lack of 5-HT1A receptor subtype in single gene knockout mice is specifically associated with spatial memory impairments. These findings, along with evidence from recent cognitive imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) with 5-HT1A receptor ligands, and studies of individual genetic variance in 5-HT1A receptor availability, strongly suggests that 5-HT, mediated by the 5-HT1A receptor subtype, plays a key role in spatial learning and memory.
The idea that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is involved in learning and memory has gained traction in recent years, after having first been suggested in the 1980s (Altman and Normile, 1988). Early pharmacological studies mostly implicated spatial memory. More recent studies involving advanced methodologies such as neurotransmitter positron emission tomography (PET) and knockout mouse models have continued to link serotonin to spatial memory.
Spatial memory includes the ability to learn the topographical configuration of environments, to locate objects, to recall previously encountered locations, and to navigate within environments. Many day-to-day activities performed by animals and humans depend on spatial memory. Knowing where one is, where food and water resources are, and how to get to safety are examples of effective use of spatial memories that are essential for animal survival. Humans depend on their ability to remember the locations of objects in the environment on a daily basis, ranging from retrieving a mobile phone from a purse to making one's way to work and back home (McNamara, 2013).
At a clinical level, the study of spatial memory is of particular significance to several neurological disorders such as dementia of the Alzheimer's type where impairments in spatial cognition are a central feature. In addition, spatial memory, and particularly the ability to process and remember spatial descriptions of environments, has been linked to certain types of learning disabilities in children (Mammarella et al., 2014).
Functional neuroimaging studies show that spatial memory is largely mediated by mesial temporal areas (for example, Maguire et al., 1996b, 1997, 1998a,b; Burgess et al., 2001; Hartley et al., 2003), and within these areas, the hippocampus is a key structure for spatial memory. These regions are characterized by high concentration of the 5-HT1A receptor binding sites.
Involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor in cognition is undisputed. This receptor subtype has been suggested as a therapeutic target and neural marker of memory deficits (Meneses, 1999; Meneses and Perez-Garcia, 2007; Thomas, 2015). In this review, we argue that the 5-HT1A receptor plays a key role in spatial learning and memory, and we present evidence to support this proposition. We first consider the correspondence between the neuroanatomy of spatial memory and the 5-HT1A receptor distribution. We then review studies using various experimental methods that have illustrated the role of 5-HT1A receptors in spatial learning and memory.
Neuroanatomy of Spatial Learning and Memory
Research on spatial memory has consistently implicated a hippocampal brain network consisting of the hippocampus proper, the parahippocampal cortices, fornix, parietal cortex, anterior thalamic nuclei, frontal cortex, and the striatum. The critical role of the hippocampal system in spatial learning and memory was first highlighted by Brenda Milner's early observations of “heightened” spatial memory deficits following temporal lobe excision for the relief of epileptic seizures (Milner, 1958, p. 251). Evidence for the importance of the hippocampus system has continued to accumulate, including very recent findings using single-neuron recording in human entorhinal cortex during virtual navigation (Miller et al., 2015). In terms of possible brain mechanisms underlying spatial learning and memory, findings have indicated that the rat hippocampus contains “place cells,” and these cells exhibit location-specific activity (O'Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971; O'Keefe and Speakman, 1987). This discovery led to the hypothesis that the hippocampus stores a cognitive map of the spatial layout of the environment (O'Keefe and Nadel, 1978). More than three decades later, in 2005, “grid cells” were found in the rat's entorhinal cortex, which is the chief gateway into the hippocampus (Hafting et al., 2005). Grid cells generate a coordinate system that allows exact positioning and pathfinding. Together with other cells in the entorhinal cortex that recognize the direction of the head of the animal and the border of the environment (“head-direction cells”; Taube, 1998), grid cells form networks with place cells in the hippocampus. Overall this circuitry constitutes a comprehensive positioning system, an inner global positioning system, or GPS, in the brain.
In addition to these cell recording studies, lesions and stimulation of the hippocampus in non-human primate (Parkinson et al., 1988; Angeli et al., 1993) and rodents (Morris et al., 1982; Buhot et al., 1991) were shown to impair spatial learning and memory. Similarly, in humans, medial temporal lesions, especially on the right side, have been shown to impair recall of spatial location of objects (Smith and Milner, 1981, 1989; Pigott and Milner, 1993; Bohbot et al., 1998; Smith et al., 2011), increase spatial memory errors (using the None-Box Maze, Abrahams et al., 1997, 1999), and impair performances on virtual reality topographical memory tasks (Spiers et al., 2001b).
More precise links between particular spatial memory functions and regions within the hippocampal network have been established in some studies. For example, early studies indicated lateralization of hippocampal involvement in memory, with the right medial temporal lobe predominantly associated with visuospatial recall (for example, Milner, 1965; Smith and Milner, 1981, 1989; Pigott and Milner, 1993; Abrahams et al., 1997; Maguire et al., 1997; Gleissner et al., 1998; Lv et al., 2014), and the left medial temporal lobe with verbal material recall (for example, Saling et al., 1993; Hermann et al., 1997; Martin et al., 2002; Lillywhite et al., 2007). In keeping with this idea, a patient with Pick's disease involving the left temporal lobe showed a complete dissociation between topographical memory and verbal memory (Maguire and Cipolotti, 1998), although more recent findings (for example, Maguire et al., 1996a,b; Grön et al., 2000; Spiers et al., 2001a; Astur et al., 2002; Glikmann-Johnston et al., 2008; Cánovas et al., 2011) support involvement of both the left and right medial temporal lobes in spatial learning and memory.
The cortices adjacent to the hippocampus, which provide the hippocampus with its main source of direct cortical input and output, have also been implicated in spatial learning and memory. For example, some studies indicated bilateral involvement of the parahippocampal gyri (Aguirre et al., 1996, 1998; Aguirre and D'Esposito, 1997; Epstein and Kanwisher, 1998; Mellet et al., 2000; Zeidman et al., 2012), whereas other studies indicate unilateral, predominantly right-sided involvement (Habib and Sirigu, 1987; Owen et al., 1996; Bohbot et al., 2000; Ploner et al., 2000). In terms of other regions of the hippocampal formation, in non-human primates, cells in the entorhinal cortex are active during the performance of a variation of the delayed matching to sample task (memory for objects) and the delayed matching to place task (memory for place) (Suzuki et al., 1997). Location-specific activity of neurons has also been recorded within the rat entorhinal cortex (Quirk et al., 1992). Furthermore, lesions to the entorhinal cortex in rats have been shown to result in deficits in acquisition and retention of the Eight-Arm Radial Maze and the Morris Water Maze (Cho and Jaffard, 1995; Nagahara et al., 1995; Davis et al., 2001; Devi et al., 2003). In humans, entorhinal stimulation applied during learning the locations of landmarks enhanced subsequent memory for these locations (Suthana et al., 2012). In a single-neuron recording study, entorhinal cortex neurons activated at multiple related areas of a virtual environment (Miller et al., 2015). Combined lesions of entorhinal and perirhinal cortices impaired rats' performance in spatial memory tasks (Otto et al., 1997; Kaut and Bunsey, 2001). In contrast, perirhinal lesions alone yielded inconsistent results, with some studies showing impaired performance in certain tests of spatial memory (Wiig and Bilkey, 1994a,b; Liu and Bilkey, 1998a,b,c, 1999, 2001), while in others spatial memory was spared (Glenn and Mumby, 1998; Bussey et al., 1999, 2001; Machin et al., 2002; Ramos, 2002, 2013; Moran and Dalrymple-Alford, 2003). Thus, involvement of the perirhinal cortex in spatial learning and memory may be related to the specific memory paradigm employed.
In the following section, we provide an overview of 5-HT synthesis, electrophysiology, and receptor distribution to illustrate the concordance between 5-HT receptor distribution and brain areas involved in spatial memory, focusing on the hippocampus (see Figure 1). Subsequently, we review the evidence that 5-HT, mediated by the 5-HT1A receptor, is involved in the modulation of spatial learning and memory.
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of brain areas involved in spatial memory () and the corresponding serotonergic pathways () (Adapted from Heimer, 1994, p. 227).
Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and the 5-HT1A Receptor
Neurons that synthesize 5-HT are clustered in several nuclei along the midline of the brainstem, the most prominent of which are the raphe nuclei. Axons of these neurons innervate almost all regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus affect a great variety of behaviors, such as sleep/wake cycle, food intake, sexual behavior, emotional state, and cognitive processes, particularly learning and memory (Frazer and Hensler, 1994). 5-HT is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. The initial step in synthesis is the conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase. Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AACD) then converts 5-HTP to 5-HT. 5-HT release occurs via exocytosis and is Ca2+-dependent. After 5-HT release, the actions of 5-HT in the synapse are terminated by 5-HT transporters, located on the plasma membrane of serotonergic neurons, which reuptake 5-HT back into the serotonergic neurons. 5-HT catabolism occurs by monamine oxidase A (MAO-A) (Frazer and Hensler, 1994; Adell et al., 2002).
Seven types of 5-HT receptors have been identified, termed 5-HT1-7, and among these are 14 distinct receptor subtypes. Each 5-HT receptor subtype has unique structural and pharmacological characteristics and a distinct distribution in the CNS. Of special interest is the 5-HT1A receptor, which is highly concentrated within the hippocampal system. 5-HT1A receptors are mainly concentrated in the limbic system, particularly the hippocampus (dentate gyrus and CA1), lateral septum, and amygdala, in cingulate and entorhinal cortices, and in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, many of the regions implicated in spatial learning and memory. In contrast, only low concentrations are present in the striatum, substantia nigra, and the cerebellum (Barnes and Sharp, 1999; Lanfumey and Hamon, 2000). Autoradiography and immunohistochemical methods show that 5-HT1A receptors are located post-synaptically, as well as on the serotonergic neurons themselves in the raphe nuclei where they act as somatodendritic autoreceptors (Verge et al., 1985, 1986; Hoyer et al., 1986; Pazos et al., 1987; Zifa and Fillon, 1992; Hall et al., 1997; Lanfumey and Hamon, 2000). At the cellular level, 5-HT1A receptors reside on hippocampal pyramidal and granule cells (Lanfumey and Hamon, 2000). The highest density of these receptors are found in the granular layer (Hall et al., 1997).
In both hippocampus and dorsal raphe regions, 5-HT1A receptor activation results in neuronal hyperpolarization through the interaction with G-protein and the opening of K+ channels (Hamon et al., 1990; Frazer and Hensler, 1994; Lanfumey and Hamon, 2000). Since 5-HT1A receptors are located pre- and post-synaptically, endogenous 5-HT and/or 5-HT1A receptor agonists have different effects. 5-HT1A somatodentritic autoreceptors modulate synaptic transmission. When activated via endogenous 5-HT and/or 5-HT1A receptor agonists, they inhibit the serotonergic neuron on which they reside, and reduce 5-HT release. In contrast, at post-synaptic receptors such as occur in the hippocampus, 5-HT1A agonists facilitate 5-HT neurotransmission (Lanfumey and Hamon, 2000). Brain areas that are critical for spatial learning and memory, such as those that are part of the hippocampal formation, harbor the post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors.
5-HT1A and Spatial Learning and Memory
Evidence to support a role for the 5-HT1A receptor in spatial learning and memory comes from a variety of experimental methods, including mouse “knockout” models, direct receptor activation and blockade, neurotransmitter PET imaging, genetic studies, and manipulation of 5-HT concentrations. We organize this review according to the primary experimental method used. Studies cited here are summarized in Table 1.
Knockout Mouse Models
Studies using genetically modified animals, particularly those of single gene deletions in knockout mice, provide the strongest evidence for the role of the 5-HT1A receptor in learning and memory (see Bert et al., 2008 for a review of learning and memory in 5-HT1A-receptor mutant mice). Sarnyai et al. (2000) assessed 5-HT1A-deficient mice on hippocampal-related spatial learning and memory tasks, the Morris Water Maze and the “Y” shape Maze. Their results showed that lack of 5-HT1A receptors is specifically associated with spatial learning and memory impairments. Wolff et al. (2004) demonstrated similar impairments in learning and retention of the Morris Water Maze in young-adult 5-HT1A knockout mice, but not in aged 5-HT1A knockout mice. The authors suggested that the reduced effect of the mutation in aged animals possibly reflects the lower efficacy of autoreceptors due to aging and/or a prevalence of hippocampal heteroreceptors.
5-HT1A Receptor Stimulation
5-HT1A agonists and antagonists modulate 5-HT neurotransmission and have been shown to directly alter spatial learning performance. Typically, antagonists have been found to impair spatial memory, whereas agonists are found to ameliorate the antagonist-induced spatial deficits, or allowed normal performance. For example, in a study by Micheau and Van Marrewijk (1999), intra-peritoneal administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetraline (8-OH-DPAT) improved acquisition of a spatial discrimination task in an 8-arm radial maze. An intra-septal infusion of 8-OH-DPAT produced the same pattern of findings, although the improvement was less pronounced. Bertrand et al. (2000) showed contradictory findings, however, reporting that intra-septal infusion of 8-OH-DPAT impaired spatial learning. Administration of 8-OH-DPAT into the rat dorsal raphe had no effect on Delayed Non-Matching to Position (spatial working memory) task performance at any dose. In comparison, administration of the same compound into the median raphe improved performance accuracy. When 8-OH-DPAT was administered into the dorsal hippocampus, however, it produced a small impairment in performance (Warburton et al., 1997). 8-OH-DPAT also impaired performance on a water maze task (Carli et al., 1995) and on the eight-arm radial maze (Egashira et al., 2006). These findings demonstrate different effect for pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptor stimulation on spatial learning and memory tasks.
Additional evidence for the role of 5-HT1A receptor agonists in spatial memory comes from animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this model, animals are subjected to controlled cortical lesion to mimic TBI, and then memory is examined at different time points following injury and after administration of 5-HT1A agonists. These studies showed that TBI-induced spatial memory deficits are attenuated by treatment with the 5-HT1A receptor agonist buspirone (Olsen et al., 2012) and 8-OH-DPAT (Cheng et al., 2008). Furthermore, a combined therapeutic regimen of buspirone and environmental enrichment was found to be more effective than either alone in enhancing spatial learning in brain injured pediatric rats (Monaco et al., 2014).
Imaging Serotonergic Neurotransmission
Because the 5-HT1A receptor plays an important role in a range of physiological processes and in the pathophysiology of a variety of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, synthesis of 5-HT1A receptor agents has been carried out primarily for their therapeutic potential. In recent years, more than 20 compounds have been labeled with carbon-11, fluorine-18, or iodine-123 for imaging and quantification of the 5-HT1A receptor with PET and SPECT (for review see Passchier and Van Waarde, 2001). The most successful radioligands thus far are [carbonyl-11C] WAY-100635 (WAY), [carbonyl-11C]desmethyl-WAY 100635 (DWAY), 2′-methoxyphenyl-(N-2′-pyridinyl)-p-[18F]fluoro-benzamidoethylpiperazine ([18F]MPPF), and [11C]robalzotan (NAD-299) (Passchier and Van Waarde, 2001). To the best of our knowledge, the only study that examined 5-HT1A receptor density and spatial learning and memory (i.e., object-location, navigation, and floor plan drawing) in humans using the PET ligand [18F]MPPF was recently published by our group (Glikmann-Johnston et al., 2015). In this study, healthy participants performed spatial virtual environment tasks during PET scanning. We found an association between hippocampal asymmetry in [18F]MPPF binding and performance on the object-location task. A lower binding potential in the right vs. the left hippocampus was related to better memory performance. This finding indicates that reduced right vs. left hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor availability enhances object-place associative memory. Although not within the scope of this review, it is important to note that Theodore et al. (2012) used similar experimental methodology in verbal memory using the 18FCWAY PET ligand. In their study, reduced left hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor binding in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients was related to delayed auditory verbal memory impairment, independent of the side of the epileptic focus. More cognitive serotonergic imaging studies are needed to build up the evidence for the role of 5-HT1A receptor in fundamental components of human spatial memory.
Genetic Variance in 5-HT1A Receptor Availability
Congenital differences in 5-HT1A receptor availability were found to be related to spatial memory, specifically length variations in the serotonin-transporter-gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). 5-HTTLPR is a 44-base pair insertion/deletion functional polymorphism in the promotor region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (Lesch et al., 1996). This polymorphism produces two common alleles designated long (L) and short (S), and was found to affect 5-HT1A receptor availability (David et al., 2005). Human (Roiser et al., 2006, 2007) and primate (Jedema et al., 2010) carriers of S allele demonstrated superior performance compared to L carriers on a variety of cognitive tasks, including hippocampal-dependent visual memory tasks (a computerized version of the Block Design subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test and the CANTAB Pattern Recognition Memory and Delayed Match to Sample).
Manipulations of 5-HT Levels
Pharmacological alterations of 5-HT concentrations, by altering either 5-HT release or reuptake, have been shown to influence spatial memory. Overall, increased extracellular 5-HT concentrations maintain or improve memory performance, and reduced levels of the neurotransmitter impair spatial memory. Changes in 5-HT release are thought to indirectly stimulate post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors, which reside on areas important to spatial learning and memory, thereby affecting memory function (Lesch et al., 1996; Kuypers and Ramaekers, 2005). Support for this hypothesis is found in a study by du Jardin et al. (2014) with the use of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA). This compound inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase, and thus reduces 5-HT synthesis. In their study, PCPA induced 5-HT depletion in rats and caused memory deficits on object recognition and Y-maze spontaneous alternation tests. The selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist flesinoxan significantly occupied 5-HT1A receptors and restored PCPA-induced memory deficits in both tests. Although other agents had similar effects on spatial memory function (e.g., 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine/MDMA: Fox et al., 2000; Skelton et al., 2006; Vorhees et al., 2007; Fisk et al., 2011; D-fenfluramine: Morford et al., 2002; methamphetamine: Vorhees et al., 1994, 2000, 2008; Schröder et al., 2003), studies to date did not involve the 5-HT1A receptor directly. Even though the 5-HT1A receptor is the most abundant in the hippocampus, it is not possible to exclude other receptor subtypes that 5-HT stimulate in this area (5-HT2A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7), and that may have an effect on spatial memory.
The findings reviewed here provide converging evidence in support of the hypothesis that 5-HT, mediated by the 5-HT1A receptor, plays a key role in hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in animals and humans. Strong evidence comes from knockout mouse models. These studies have shown that 5-HT1A receptor knockouts are specifically associated with deficits in performance on spatial memory tasks. A variety of agonists and antagonists active at the 5-HT1A receptor modulate 5-HT neurotransmission and induce a change in spatial learning. Blockade of the 5-HT1A receptor impairs spatial memory, while receptor activation ameliorates antagonist-induced spatial memory deficits. Another line of evidence emerges from studies that vary neurotransmitter levels pharmacologically. Typically, increased 5-HT extracellular concentrations maintain or improve memory performance, and reduction in neurotransmitter levels impairs spatial memory.
Recent advances in human neurotransmitter research methods allow for more direct quantification of 5-HT1A receptor availability during spatial learning and memory. Initial results from neuroimaging studies with the use of neurotransmitter PET indicate the contribution of endogenous serotonin release or 5-HT1A receptor density to spatial memory, particularly to the ability to recall the location of objects in the environment (Glikmann-Johnston et al., 2015). The mapping of the human genome provides further evidence at the individual person level for the association between 5-HT1A receptor density and spatial memory.
Theories of hippocampal involvement in spatial memory include: (a) the cognitive map theory of O'Keefe and Nadel (1978); (b) the theory proposed by Olton and colleagues (Olton et al., 1979; Olton and Paras, 1979), in which the hippocampus is crucial for working memory; and, (c) the theory that attributes a binding mechanism to the hippocampus to form spatial memories such as object location (for example, Chalfonte et al., 1996; Eichenbaum et al., 1996). The evidence reviewed in this paper involving 5-HT, particularly the 1A receptor subtype, and spatial memory is further supported by the well-established notion of the involvement of the hippocampus in spatial memory function.
A substantial number of studies have examined the role of 5-HT in spatial learning and memory and have demonstrated, particularly in animals, a strong relation between 5-HT and spatial memory. Yet several significant questions remain. We suggest that additional research is needed to clarify the relationship between 5-HT1A receptor modulation and specific aspects of spatial memory, including object location and spatial frames of reference, allocentric vs. egocentric representations, and navigation and episodic memory within a topographical framework (Burgess et al., 2002; Burgess, 2008). Also, research is needed into how the serotonergic system interacts with other major neurotransmitter systems, including the acetylcholineric system, to modulate spatial memory.
For patients with damage to the temporal lobes due to progressive pathology such as Alzheimer's disease, impairments of spatial memory are often the first symptoms reported. The idea that hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor plays a key role in spatial learning and memory may be informative for early intervention strategies, and for improving patient outcomes in diseases affecting the temporal lobes.
YG-J, MS, DR, and JS wrote the article, reviewed the article, and approved the final version for publication.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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Keywords: serotonin, 5-HT1A receptor, hippocampus, spatial cognition, memory
Citation: Glikmann-Johnston Y, Saling MM, Reutens DC and Stout JC (2015) Hippocampal 5-HT1A Receptor and Spatial Learning and Memory. Front. Pharmacol. 6:289. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00289
Received: 03 September 2015; Accepted: 19 November 2015;
Published: 10 December 2015.
Edited by:Alfredo Meneses, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico
Reviewed by:Santiago J. Ballaz, University of Navarra, Spain
Agnieszka Nikiforuk, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Antonella Gasbarri, University of l'Aquila, Italy
Copyright © 2015 Glikmann-Johnston, Saling, Reutens and Stout. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Yifat Glikmann-Johnston, email@example.com


FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. — Arkansans for Social Justice organized a protest against the drag ban at the Walton Arts Center and has collected over 750 signatures on a change.org petition to "reverse their controversial ban on drag performances when minors are present."
The petition also asks for Peter Lane, president and CEO of the Walton Arts Center, and those who made this "harmful decision" to step down. It also asks for refunds to be given to ticketholders who request it.
The organization calls the decision "homophobic and bigoted."
According to a press release by the organization, they hope their petition will "allow community members to make their voices heard and ultimately lead to change within The Walton Arts Center.”
Caitlin Draper, co-founder of Arkansans for Social Justice, said the organization believes the censorship of art alienates the LGTQIA+ population and is not in line with the Walton Arts Center's mission and values.
"The drag ban at the WaltonArts Center perpetuates dangerous stigma around the LGBTQIA+ population, insinuating that performers who use drag as a medium are somehow unsafe," Draper said in the release.
The organization hopes to meet with executive leadership at the arts center but has not yet heard back from them.
The petition can be found here.
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Jason A. McCauley Net Worth is
Jason A. McCauley was created on July 28, 1980 in Philadelphia, Pa, USA as Jason Ahmad McCauley. He’s known for his focus on Cloverfield (2008), Pity (2011) and Pleasure (2015). He continues to be wedded to Sarah Karas since June 11, 2016.
Known for movies

domain: celebrity


Sustainability and mobility are strongly linked. We need to make our society more sustainable, but we need to be able to move large numbers of people across cities quickly and effectively. Incentives on electric cars have only gone so far and, in light of the ambitious goals of the Green New Deal, the EU Commission has recently decided to take an extra step to ensure sustainable urban mobility is achieved within the next two decades and announced a ban on the sale of all non-electric cars by 2035. Diesel and petrol cars will no longer be sold or produced. The ban extends to all private and light-commercial vehicles that produce CO2 emissions, including hybrids and plug-in hybrids.
Reducing CO2 emissions in Europe: the main goal of the Green New Deal
Europe is serious about tackling climate change and has set itself a series of ambitious goals. One particular package of proposals goes under the name “Fit for 55“, and it is meant to reduce emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990. The Member States are aiming for continental climate neutrality, which should be achieved by 2050, as required by the European Green Deal.
Are we ready for hydrogen-powered and electric cars?
Put simply, we better be, as they will be the only ones available on the market in 14 years. By 2030, EU mobility-related emissions will have decreased by 55% and they will be cancelled completely by 2035. Not all Countries are equally ready and up to speed with this new directive: a large part of the EU is still dependent on fossil fuels for urban mobility and charging stations for electric vehicles and filling stations for hydrogen-powered ones are unevenly distributed across the Union. In order to facilitate the creation of adequate infrastructures, the European Commission will require Member States to increase charging capacity for electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles through the update of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive (AIFI). Charging stations are required to be installed every 60 km for electric charging and every 150 km for hydrogen refuelling.
It takes courage to change
“Changes of this kind are never easy,” Said the President of the EU Commission Ursula Von Der Leyen “Many will say that we have to do less and do it slower. But in the current situation of our planet, doing less means doing nothing, and we cannot afford that”. This bold statement reflects the stark awareness that European institutions have acquired concerning climate change, which has moved upwards through years of activism and protests and has definitely hit home as the consequences of our carbon footprint became increasingly evident in the form of extreme weather phenomena and resource shortages. It is worth noting, however, that the Commission merely presented a strategy, which will now be negotiated with the Parliament and the Council, and which also includes fines to be placed on harmful emissions, as well as incentives to encourage innovation and zero-carbon policies.
Making fossil fuels too expensive
The European Commission is also proposing a reform of Energy Taxation. The current regulations date back to 2003 and they are deemed too lax when it comes to fossil fuels, whose use is actually encouraged and definitely more convenient, tax-wise than any sustainable alternative. The proposed reform should encourage the use of clean energy instead.


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The Story of
Annwn (pronounced a-noon according to the local Draznian dialect) is located in the forest known as Blackwode, on the island of Draznia. The forest is so named for its towering oak trees and dark evergreens that all but blot out the sky. The forest floor is a dismal, humid jungle of rotting logs, creeping vines and giant thorn bushes. Passage through Blackwode is limited to obscure lanes or animal trails, and is never without risk.
Rarely is fire ever seen in Blackwode, many of the ancient trees have grown powerful from having spent centuries drinking up the residual magic of Draznia. The creatures of Blackwode are varied, ranging from harmless herbivores to huge grizzled bears. Orcs and tree goblins are not uncommon. They are wont to hide in the foliage and pick off adventurers, one by one. There are magical glades of such unearthly beauty where a weary wanderer might lay down, intending to rest for only a moment, then awake to find that a decade has passed in dream amongthe sweet scented grasses. And somewhere in the Black Forest is the lost city of Annwn, where may be found the Sword of Light.
Annwn was not always thus: a phantom city located in a dark, lurid forest of overgrown vegetation. Once, Annwn was a bright place, populated by friendly folk with sparkling eyes, quick to share a laugh or to help shoulder a burden, typical of their Draznian ancestry. Draznians are also curious by nature, which explains in part their affinity for the magical arts and the large number of wizards that are born Draznian.
Ydmos was a wizard of no small skill, and his curiosity led him down dark roads more akin to necromancy than to his own native arts. As his power grew, so did his pride, and he built himself a high tower in the center of Loch Glyness, near the town of Annwn.
There was more to Ydmos' choice of building sites than just an appreciation of the area's inherent charm. Annwn represented a ready source of victims for his increasingly frequent excursions into the realm of necromancy. There lay in the town square of Annwn, a powerful talisman of Law, a shining steel greatsword sunk to its haft in a block of granite. The seers proclaimed that the greatsword lay there in wait for an unknown warrior of exceptional kindness and virtue.
Gradually Ydmos sapped the vitality of Annwn as a spider might drink the fluids of a fly. Men, women, and children disappeared in the night, never to be seen again. The waters of the loch grew black and fetid. Crops failed and the sheltering forest became dark and forbidding. Monstrous shapes could be seen moving in the shadows between the trees, and the wailing of the banshee was heard nightly. Then Ydmos' ambition revealed itself.
His goal was not the ruination of Annwn, rather he wondered whether the Sword could be turned inside-out, from Law to Evil, and in the process, whether he could transform himself from man to immortal god. On a moonlit night, in the Fall of the year, a huge ball of light sprang from the inner heart of Blackwode and a great spinning vortex appeared in the sky: a whirling, spinning,lightning filled column of smoke that was seen as far away as Caer Banung on the northern coast.
When morning came, all was as it was before on the island of Draznia, but Blackwode was somehow more sinister. Travelers who entered the forest came out insane or not at all. Eventually, everyone avoided Blackwode entirely, except for an occasional band of adventurers in search of fame and fortune. News of Annwn and Ydmos ceased altogether, swallowed up by the forest. Some say that the gods finally punished Ydmos for his evil ways, and his audacity.
Others speculate that Ydmos did succeed in becoming more than man and that he lurks in his tower, formulating plans for conquest and dreaming of the day when the world shall know him as its master.

domain: literature


The calculated severity for CVEs has been updated to use CVSS v3 by default. CVEs that do not have a CVSS v3 score will fall back CVSS v2 for calculating severity. Severity display preferences can be toggled in the settings dropdown.
Use-after-free vulnerability in Google Chrome before 22.214.171.124 allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via vectors involving the display of a blocked popup window during navigation to a different web site.
cpe:2.3:a:google:chrome:*:beta:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to 126.96.36.199 (inclusive)


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PCMH is working with Colorado legislators to help improve the children’s mental health system. Join us in advocating for change!
Policy & Advocacy
Bills To Know: 2023 Legislative Session
House Bill 23-1003 allows public schools to opt-in and provide a voluntary, standardized mental health assessment to students. Students in need of follow-up will be referred to Colorado Crisis Services or the I Matter program, as appropriate, to ensure timely access to care. This mental health assessment can help identify mental health conditions early and connect children and youth to resources before the need becomes more severe.
House Bill 23-1007 requires public and private institutes of higher education to provide Colorado and national crisis and suicide prevention contact information on student ID cards. This bill increases knowledge of and access to crisis services to ensure that all students have access to the information they need when they face a mental health crisis.
House Bill 23-1009 is a youth-led initiative that creates a committee of students, teachers, school mental health professionals, and parents to study and determine best practices for students who need substance use intervention, referral, and treatment. This report will be publicized and sent to secondary schools to encourage the adoption of these best practices and provide additional access to care for youth.
Senate Bill 23-014 is a youth-led initiative that establishes the Office of Disordered Eating Prevention to maintain a resource bank for research, best practices, and educational resources. The bill also creates the Disordered Eating Prevention Research grant program to provide financial support for research. These efforts can help prevent disordered eating and ensure that individuals get the evidence-based treatment they need.
Senate Bill 23-004 allows schools to hire mental health professionals who are only licensed by the Department of Regulatory Affairs. Under current law, a school mental health professional also needs an additional Department of Education license.
Senate Bill 174 requires Medicaid to cover certain behavioral health services to children and youth under age 21 regardless of the presence of a mental health diagnosis. Services include access to family, group, and individual therapy as well as prevention services, evaluation services, and case management.
Senate Bill 176 prohibits health benefit plans and Medicaid from utilizing the body mass index, ideal body weight, or any other standard requiring an achieved weight when determining medical necessity criteria or appropriate level of care for an individual with a diagnosed eating disorder, except for Anorexia Nervosa. The bill also prohibits a retail establishment from selling, transferring, or otherwise furnishing over-the-counter diet pills to any individual under 18 years of age without a prescription.

domain: medical


text:
“High-culture unions that fight to hang on to an untenable status quo are shooting themselves in the head. Labor leaders invariably respond to managerial cries of disaster-around-the-corner by arguing that their members should not be made to suffer today for the managerial mistakes of the past. But in the end, it doesn’t matter who made the first blunder…”
Archives for April 29, 2011
I snapped this picture from the wings of the theater where Danse Russe was premiered last night by Philadelphia’s Center City Opera Theater. Paul Moravec and I were waiting for the cue to take our curtain call. By then we were tired, sweaty, and immensely gratified, for it was surpassingly clear that we had a hit on our hands. Truth to tell, we knew it a few minutes after Andrew Kurtz gave the downbeat. The opening-night audience was excited and responsive right from the start–we got laughs in places where we weren’t expecting them, and dead silence everywhere we wanted it–and the applause at the end of the show merely set a seal on what the laughter had already told us.
I’m too tired to write much more, having just returned to my hotel from a riotous cast party. Come back on Monday and I’ll tell you all about it.
In the last of three drama columns for this week’s Wall Street Journal, I wrap up the current Broadway season with reviews of Baby It’s You! and The People in the Picture. Here’s an excerpt.
* * *
Every jukebox musical rises or falls on the mass appeal of the songs out of which its score is stitched. If you don’t care for ’60s girl-group pop, then you’re likely to find “Baby It’s You!” tedious–but you’ll be more exasperated by the book, which takes a real-life story that even a Stephen Sondheim buff could love and turns it into a live-action comic strip so relentlessly simple-minded as to make “Anything Goes” look like a differential equation set to music.
“Baby It’s You!” is mostly about Florence Greenberg (Beth Leavel, who is terrific), a nice Jewish housewife from New Jersey who got tired of doing dishes and started her own record label. One day Mrs. Greenberg’s daughter (Kelli Barrett) told her about four black girls who sang together for fun at the neighborhood high school, and presto! The Shirelles were born. Likewise Scepter Records, which Ms. Greenberg turned into one of the great money-making music machines of the ’60s, thanks to her knack for knowing a hit when she heard one. Along the way she fell in love with Luther Dixon (Allan Louis), who wrote and produced most of the Shirelles’ records, and their scandalous love affair (Dixon was black) broke up Ms. Greenberg’s marriage….
Here comes the catch: Floyd Mutrux and Colin Escott, who wrote the vapid book for “Million Dollar Quartet,” have done even worse by “Baby It’s You!” Every line is as predictable as tepid canned soup. (How do we know that Mr. Greenberg is a Jew? Because he says “Oy!” a lot.) As if that weren’t bad enough, Messrs. Mutrux and Escott neglected to characterize the four Shirelles, instead turning them into a squealing quartet of interchangeable parts who exist only to sing songs, change costumes, smile and shake their collective booty….
Donna Murphy is one of the best musical-comedy actresses who ever sang a showstopper, and anything she does is worth seeing, at least while she’s onstage. That said, “The People in the Picture” is yet another addition to the seemingly endless list of Lousy Musicals of 2011, an exercise in button-pushing that takes a pair of serious subjects–Alzheimer’s disease and the Holocaust–and uses them to prove the well-known fact that even on Broadway, two wrongs don’t make a right.
The recipe for “The People in the Picture”? iTake Bubbie (Ms. Murphy), a Jewish grandmother who doesn’t get along with her divorced daughter (Nicole Parker). Add Jenny (Rachel Resheff), the perky little granddaughter to whom Bubbie is telling the story of how she once led the Warsaw Gang, a touring troupe of Polish actors who ran afoul of the Nazis. Hint at a Terrible Secret that explains why Bubbie and her daughter don’t get along. Then give Bubbie a conveniently timed case of Alzheimer’s, thus forcing her to spill the beans before it’s too late. What do you get? Two and a half hours’ worth of retchworthy glop, set to the greeting-card lyrics of Iris Rainer Dart (“It’s never been easy/It’s always been rough/I give her my life/But it’s never enough”) and the perfectly serviceable music of Mike Stoller (who is better known as the other half of Leiber & Stoller) and Artie Butler. Ms. Dart also wrote the book, about which I need say only that it actually contains the phrase “Doctor schmoctor” and a joke about Josef Mengele….
* * *
Read the whole thing here.
Donna Murphy sings “Loving You” in the original production of Stephen Sondheim’s Passion:
If you’re following ArtsJournal, you know all about the bankruptcy of the Philadelphia Orchestra, the apparent demise of the Syracuse Symphony and Seattle’s Intiman Theater, and all the other horror stories that have made April the cruelest month in recent memory for art in America. In my “Sightings” column for today’s Wall Street Journal, I take a look at the current situation. Here’s an excerpt.
* * *
What’s the problem? In the immortal (if apocryphal) words of Sam Goldwyn, “If nobody wants to see your picture, there’s nothing you can do to stop them.” Corollary: If nobody can afford a ticket to your show, there’s nothing you can do to make them buy one. When money is tight and ticket prices keep climbing, playgoers and opera buffs will respond by staying home. Moreover, the high-culture business models of the past don’t work anymore. In particular, the subscription-based models that kept opera and theater companies and symphony orchestras afloat throughout the 20th century are no longer viable now that younger Americans are unwilling to commit in advance to attending future performances, and most of these groups are still trying to find consistently effective new ways to balance the books.
And what’s the moral of the story? Here’s part of it: High-culture unions that fight to hang on to an untenable status quo are shooting themselves in the head. Labor leaders invariably respond to managerial cries of disaster-around-the-corner by arguing that their members should not be made to suffer today for the managerial mistakes of the past. But in the end, it doesn’t matter who made the first blunder. Everybody in the culture business, union leaders included, has been guilty of chronic myopia when it comes to outmoded business models. The point is that there is no longer any alternative to root-and-branch fiscal reform. What’s more, managers and board members now know this. Increasingly, they’re willing to shut up shop altogether–or, like the Philadelphia Orchestra, declare bankruptcy–rather than purchase short-term labor peace, as they did in the past, by agreeing to contracts that they can no longer afford….
* * *
Read the whole thing here.
The opening of the Joffrey Ballet’s reconstruction of the original 1913 Ballets Russes production of The Rite of Spring, with music by Igor Stravinsky, décor by Nicholas Roerich, and choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky. The choreography was reconstructed and staged by Millicent Hodson:
“The over-publicized bit about expression (or non-expression) was simply a way of saying that music is supra-personal and super-real and as such beyond verbal meanings and verbal descriptions. It was aimed against the notion that a piece of music is in reality a transcendental idea ‘expressed in terms of’ music, with the reductio ad absurdum implication that exact sets of correlatives must exist between a composer’s feelings and his notation. It was offhand and annoyingly incomplete, but even the stupider critics could have seen that it did not deny musical expressivity, but only the validity of a type of verbal statement about musical expressivity. I stand by the remark, incidentally, though today I would put it the other way around: music expresses itself.”
Igor Stravinsky and Robert Craft, Expositions and Developments

domain: artistic


Name Your Domain
So, you have chosen a niche and now need to choose a name for your website. Some may advise you to do a keyword search to see how that domain name ranks. but there is more to it than that.
This used to be a good strategy but is no longer as relevant as it was. The search engines now find your website through the keywords and content that you write.
You want a name that is not too long and hopefully easy to remember. Think about all the “big guys”, Google, Yahoo, Bing, we’ve all heard of them and not a keyword in site!
Matt Cutts is a very well known figure in the Internet world, here is what he has to say about domain names and the pros and cons of having a keyword in it.
Another thing you may want to consider is the sequence of letters on a keyboard. This is a smaller matter but think about it. When you are typing the name you have chosen, how does it flow on your keyboard?
Tips for Name Selection
- Watch the Matt Cutts video!
- If choosing a keyword domain name, pick 5 or 6 keywords that relate to your niche to play around with.
- Be unique. You don’t want your traffic going to a more popular, all ready branded website.
- Choose a .com name preferably but .org is okay if you really love the name you have chosen and .com is not available.
- Flow on the keyboard, when you type, what are the keys hardest to reach? Typically P, Q, Z and X.
- Try to keep it short and easy to remember.
- Hyphens and numbers should be avoided if possible, makes it hard to deliver verbally.
- Pull up your domain search tool and have it handy while playing with your name, you’ll find out what is available. I recommend this site for your search tool.
- If you are worried about copyright infringement (doesn’t happen often), you can go to copyright.gov to search before you buy
Purchasing Your Domain Name
There are a number of places you can buy your domain name, the 2 that we’ve personally used are:
- Namecheap – free whois guard for a year. This guard prevents your private details, such as your address being displayed publicly. Usually the cheapest prices.
- GoDaddy – Slighty more expensive than Namecheap, but VERY cheap when they have their sales on!
If you need any more help choosing a domain name please leave a comment below or contact us.


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Tuesday 21 September 2010
Worlds to conquer
I hope to have a life as full as that of Virginia Cowles, though, like Alexander, I rather suspect that there are no more worlds to conquer, at least not the kind of worlds that she conquered. You’ve never heard of her, perhaps; well, until recently neither had I, not until I came across a review of Looking for Trouble, her memoir now republished by Faber and Faber, marking the hundredth anniversary of her birth. Here, behold the woman; this is the blurb from the original 1941 edition;
Miss Virginia Cowles has modestly entitled this account of four years as a roving journalist ''Looking for Trouble''. Never was a search more amply rewarded. She has found trouble in Spain – behind the barricades in Madrid, and among the polyglot armies of General Franco. She has found it in Russia, in Germany, in Czecho-Slovakia at the time of Munich, in Roumania during the Polish war, in Finland throughout the Finnish war, In Italy during the ''lull'', in Paris a few hours before the Germans moved in, in London during the ''blitz''.
Yes, she was a war correspondent, or, rather, she became a war correspondent after Hearst newspapers sent her to Spain in March, 1937. She was then twenty-seven years old. Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, but to be young was very heaven! Cowles arrived in Madrid just after the Battle of Guadalajara, staying in the Hotel Florida, there with the likes of Ernest Hemingway and Martha Gellhorn, his then wife.
Yes, I know, it’s in the middle of a war in a city under siege but the whole thing just seems so impossibly exciting and – I really do have to say this- impossibly romantic! Cowles filed her reports from the Telephone Building in Gran Via, afterwards going off to the fashionable Chicote’s to drink with colleagues and associates.
But she wasn’t like the others, who all too often confused news with propaganda, or like that ghastly communist Claude Cockburn, presented propaganda as news. Though sympathetic to the Republican cause she was aware of the atrocities committed in the name of ‘anti-fascism’. And unlike Martha Gellhorn, dismissive of “all that objectivity shit”, as she put it, Cowles set off in pursuit of ‘all that objectivity shit’, spending several weeks covering the war from the Nationalist side.
Where the news was she was. From Spain she travelled backwards and forwards across Europe, interviewing all sorts of people, generals, statesmen, politicians and journalists. Sensitive to the general atmosphere, her reports warned time and again that war was coming, this despite an ‘assurance’ from the Hitler-loving Unity Mitford, whom she met at the 1938 Nuremberg Party Rally, that there would be no war because the Fuhrer did not want to see his new buildings bombed!
By the time the war came Cowles was a roving reporter for the Sunday Times, going from capital to capital watching “the lights in the death chamber go out one by one”, as she puts it. She was in Berlin the day German soldiers crossed into Poland, in Helsinki when Russian soldiers crossed into Finland. Later she arrived in Paris at a time when the German advanced guard was only seventeen miles from the city. This was war reporting in the raw, an age now gone, when journalists could come and go as they liked, rather than being shepherded, spoon-fed and corralled. From the Ritz in Paris to the Adlon in Berlin, Cowles was there.
It’s quite astonishing the number of people she met, interviewed and socialised with on a face-to face basis. When she was in London she went to see Churchill at Chartwell. In Nuremberg she was part of a select group that had tea with Hitler, Himmler, Goring Goebbels and Heydrich. She was taken flying in a two-seater plane over Tripoli by Air Marshal Italo Balbo in person. In Rome she was given an interview with Mussolini.
In England she dined with Duff Cooper after he had resigned from the cabinet following the Munich Agreement. He told her in beautifully frank terms that he might not have resigned if Chamberlain had been more honest, if he had returned from Munich proclaiming not peace with honour but “peace with terrible, unmitigated, unparalleled dishonour.”
Cowles was particularly fond of England, a calm oasis to which she returned time and again from Continental hotspots. In Looking for Trouble, published in June 1941, long before Pearl Harbor, she celebrates the British wartime spirit, finishing with a call to America to “…fight side by side with Great Britain until we reach a victory so complete that freedom will ring through the ages to come with a strength no man dare challenge.”
After the war she married Aidan Crawley, a fellow journalist who became a Member of Parliament. She went on to write biographies of people as varied as Winston Churchill, Edward VII and Kaiser Wilhelm II, as well as books on the Romanovs and the Rothschilds. Sadly Virginia Cowles was killed in September 1983 in a road accident in Biarritz. Sad, yes, but no life could have been any fuller, any more exciting.

domain: history


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Also known as Kawasaki Syndrome (Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
Is a rare childhood illness that affects the blood vessels. It can harm coronary arteries, which carry blood to the heart muscle. The disease is most common in children ages 1 to 2 years and is less common in children older than age 8. It does not spread from child to child (is not contagious).
- Fever lasting for 5 days
- Red eyes
- Body rash
- Swollen, red, cracked lips and tongue
- Swollen, red feet and hands
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Get medical help right away if your child has symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can often prevent future HEART PROBLEMS.
How serious is KAWASAKI DISEASE ?
Most children who had Kawasaki Disease got better and had no long-term problems. Early treatment is important, because it shortens the illness and lowers the chances of getting heart problems.
Some children will have damage to the coronary arteries. An artery may get too large and form an aneurysm. Or the arteries may narrow or be at risk for blood clots. A child who has damaged coronary arteries may likely to have a heart attack as a young adult.


LILLIAN KIM, CNN CORRESPONDENT
With its breathtaking skyline and proximity to the water, Seattle is considered one of America's premiere port cities, but tiny crustaceans threaten this major metropolis. They're called gribbles, so small you can't even see them, only the damage they've left behind.
RICHARD MILLER, SEATTLE TRANSPORTATION DEPT.
Creates a lot of holes in the wood and weakens the wood, to the point where it just falls apart.
These pieces of wood are what holds Seattle's seawall in place. At 60 feet wide and 8,000 feet long, the seawall is a tourist Mecca, home to a ferry dock and adjacent to a major thoroughfare. But with gribbles chomping away at a rate of nearly an inch a year, the seawall, engineers say, will ultimately collapse, especially if another earthquake hits the Pacific Northwest.
MAYOR GREG NICKELS, SEATTLE
The seawall is just a critical place where we interface with the ocean, and it's important that seawall remain intact, so that the activities built on the water are attached to our city.
The push is now on to construct a new seawall and rebuild the double-decker highway that runs next to it. If the city goes ahead and replaces the seawall, then the people who live and work here will have to endure years of nonstop construction, and the project is costly. Estimates run as high as $1.5 billion. The decision will ultimately be left to Seattle voters, leaving the city on shaky ground for now.


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domain: design


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Congratulations are in order for Kaley Cuoco!
No, "The Big Bang Theory" star isn't expecting, but she definitely deserves recognition for quickly and effectively shutting down a recent round of pregnancy speculation by telling "trolls" to "shut up" about her body.
It all started innocently enough when Cuoco shared a red-carpet photo of her and her sister, fellow actress Briana Cuoco, on Instagram.
The pic, taken at the 2018 InStyle Awards in Los Angeles last week, shows the talented siblings side-by-side in a half-embrace — but some commenters thought the saw something else.
What followed was talk of how she "looked pregnant," claims of spotting a budding baby bump and questions about when she's "due."
But the 32-year-old put an end to the unwanted buzz in an Instagram Stories post she filmed from her car, alongside husband Karl Cook, just hours later.
"So, because I’m in traffic I thought I’d take this time to comment on some Instagram trolls," she said in the now-expired clip. "I posted a picture this morning of my sister and I from an event last night and people said I looked pregnant."
It was a response she never anticipated because, beside the fact that she didn't appear any different than she usually does, she simply found the idea of speculating about something like that incredibly rude.
"Would you ever walk up to someone on the street or at an event where they're obviously dressed up and say, 'are you pregnant?'" she wondered. "It's just so comedic and shocking that people would ask that."
But for those who did ask, she had an answer.
"I'm not pregnant," she said. "I guess it was a pregnant angle? But seriously, shut up!"

domain: entertainment


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A4 Size Print
A3 Size Print
A2 Size Print
About the Image
An exceptional morning in the New Forest gave me this image of hoar frost covering the trees, it looked like something out of Narnia.
This image is superb and bright and suits all colours of room, but darker tones or colours work best for it.
A4 21cm x 30cm / 8" x 11"
A3 30cm x 42cm / 11" x 16"
A3+ 33cm x 48cm / 13" x 19" (Special Order)
A2 42cm x 59cm / 16" x 23"
For a custom size please contact me
Paper & Finish
This print is on the finest premium Platinum Baryta 300 GSM photo paper and uses pigment inks for a long lasting and deep colour. This combination wont fade for a minimum of 85 years and is a gallery quality finish.
* This is for a PRINT ONLY, it does not include the frame. They are pictured just to give you an idea of how it could look.
** FREE SHIPPING INSIDE OF THE UK, please contact me for shipping outside of the UK

domain: hobby


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Two years after earthquake, little victories for children in Haiti recovery
PORT AU PRINCE, Haiti, 9 January 2012 – A report by UNICEF titled “Children of Haiti – Two Years After” emphasises that the situation for children in Haiti is slowly improving, though critical challenges remain. According to the report, there is clear evidence of healing and progress for children, particularly in the areas of education, health, nutrition and child protection.
“About 5 million cubic metres of rubble has been cleared, almost two-thirds of persons in shelters have moved out of public and private land and the education system has managed to expand access for more than 700, 000 children,” said UNICEF’s representative in Haiti, Françoise Gruloos-Ackermans.
Today, more than 750,000 children have returned to school and some 80,000 of them are now attending classes in 193 safe, earthquake-resistant schools constructed by UNICEF. Over 120,000 children enjoy structured play in one of the 520 child friendly spaces created. More than 15,000 malnourished children have also received life-saving care in 314 therapeutic feeding programs supported by UNICEF. In addition, 95 rural communities have launched new programs to improve sanitation. In the area of child protection, the government of Haiti has strengthened its legal framework for institutionalised children, something that was not done before the earthquake.
Now, with UNICEF’s support, the first ever Directory of Residential Care Facilities has been launched; so far more than half of the country’s 650 centres have been assessed; and over 13,400 children (out of an estimated 50,000 living in residential care) have been registered. The government has also signed the Hague Convention on Inter-Country Adoption, which protects the rights of children, birth parents, and adoptive parents by establishing minimum standards for adoptions.
"There is evidence of little victories everywhere, although serious gaps and inadequacies in Haiti’s basic governance structures remain. The country will need strong and steadfast support to overcome the challenges it still faces,” said Gruloos-Ackermans.
The report notes that most of the 4,316,000 children under 18 have only limited opportunities for survival, development and protection. More than 500,000 individuals still shelter in over 800 different displacement sites across the earthquake-affected area. Some 77 per cent were renters before the earthquake, meaning most have no homes to return to.
In addition, funding gaps still remain. UNICEF is appealing for US $24 million for immediate humanitarian needs in 2012 to support vulnerable children through five key projects in health, nutrition, water and sanitation, education, and child protection. Another US $30 million is needed for longer term development assistance.
UNICEF works in more than 190 countries and territories to help children survive and thrive, from early childhood through adolescence. The world’s largest provider of vaccines for developing countries, UNICEF supports child health and nutrition, good water and sanitation, quality basic education for all boys and girls, and the protection of children from violence, exploitation, and AIDS. UNICEF is funded entirely by the voluntary contributions of individuals, businesses, foundations and governments. For more information about UNICEF’s work visit: www.unicef.org
For further information, please contact:
Indra Kumari Nadchatram
UNICEF Media Malaysia
Tel +6019 658 5160, email@example.com

domain: news


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LAHORE– Punjab Minister for Health Dr Yasmeen Rashid has directed to formally train doctors and paramedical staff for the 100 per cent implementation on the Punjab Patients Safety Program.
She issued these instruction during a meeting with representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO) at the Primary&Secondary Healthcare Department Tuesday.
Secretary Primary & Secondary Healthcare Zahid Akhter Zaman, Special Secretary Mudassir Waheed Malik, Additional Secretary Technical Dr. Asim Altaf, Hussain Jaffery, Samra Albalwani from World Health Organization, Mathew Nechson, Dr. Zakir ud Din Ahmed, Dr. Saima Aslam, Aneefa Baloch, Basim Zahid, Prof. Javed Chaudhary, Dr. Hafiz Shahid and others were present on this occasion.
Provincial Health Minister Dr Yasmeen Rashid said that training under Punjab Patients Safety Program will be arranged under the supervision of representatives of World Health Organization.
She said that provision of secure and quality healthcare facilities to the patients of public sector hospitals is our top priority. Instructions have been issued to Primary & Secondary Healthcare Department in this regard.
Dr. Yasmeen Rashid said that representatives of WHO will briefed the doctors and paramedical staff about the importance of Punjab Patients Safety Program through these training workshops.
The Punjab Patients Safety Program is an important feature of 10-Year Health Sector Strategy Program.— PRESS HANDOUT


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|First and last name:||London Moore|
|Date of birth:||November 2， 1992|
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Keep track of what our students (and plenty others from OU, UNC and more) are up to at The Mountain Workshops in Henderson, Ky. Today is the first day so look for features soon! At the end of the week, all still and multimedia stories will be served up for your viewing pleasure! For more up to the minute posts check our Facebook page and don’t forget to look on Instagram under the hashtag #mws12 as well!
In honor of our cooperative efforts at Mountain, the third week of Through Our Eyes will be judged on our big screen tomorrow at 1pm! A fresh set of excited eyes cannot wait to see what you all have submitted!


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SURREY, BC, Canada—On October 11, 2012, in celebration of the International Day of the Girl, representatives of SAFAR (The Sikh Feminist Research Institute) visited Khalsa School Surrey for a eighty minute dialogue with high school girls on the seemingly obvious question, “What is a Kaur?” The students were however encouraged to ask unobvious questions, share curiosities and frustrations, and explore their sources of strength and pride.
SAFAR volunteers led the discussion on the the status of women in Sikhi as demonstrated through Sikh history and Gurbani. The discussion drew on inspirations from Guru Nanak Dev Jee’s revolutionary stand against injustice, powerfully illustrated in exposés of hypocrisy in Asa Kee Vaar, as well as from the leadership of Bebe Nanki, the tireless service of Mata Khivi, the inspirational strength of Mai Bhago, and other women in Sikh history who were preachers, teachers and warriors.
Students were provided a safe and encouraging environment to raise questions about why Sikh women no longer occupy as many leadership roles within the community. Together, the facilitators and students partook in visioning exercises about a future where women, girls, boys, and men together take effective and inclusive leadership roles in the community.
Facilitators shared personal experiences and talked to the students about following their Guru rather than the trends set by popular culture so as to focus on the truth rather than fleeting popularity.
The students left the seminar with increased power of expression, confidence, and more fearless in their rights and capacity to challenge the status quo of gender inequality in the community that has many insidious symptoms, for example, women being banned from various seva in various Gurdwaras, as well as the shameful records of female foeticide.
The SAFAR facilitators invited these students to a larger conference taking place at the University of British Columbia on October 27, 2012 called “Our Journeys Conference.” (http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org) SAFAR (The Sikh Feminist Research Institute) has organized this conference to explore the intersection of Sikhi with gender. Conference organizers believe that by discussing Sikhi and gender in an open and critical way, the message of equality as revealed and practiced by our Gurus will become all the more evident, showing the uniqueness of Sikhi on the question of gender equality.


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Pre Christmas Sale - 15% off All Items Pre Christmas Sale now in progress. Save 15% on all items. Enter offer code 201 at check-out for super savings! Use coupon code 201 when ordering for 15% off.
Circa: 1972 Condition: Excellent (slightly yellowed) Size: 9 3/4" x 13" Type: Original Manufacturer: Advertisement
This is a fine vintage advertisement for a 1972 ad for Fisher Price Toys which is in excellent condition but is slightly yellowed and measures approx. 9 3/4" x 13" This magazine advertisement is suitable for framing. This magazine ad for Fisher Price Toys depicts the Family Play School, the Elevator & Parking Garage, the Telephone, the Music Box Record Player & More.


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The New Zealand We All Dream Of
Southland is a nature lover’s playground – a virtually untouched wilderness known for its rare and unique wildlife. The region is an absolute must do for anyone who is passionate about the natural world and authentic encounters. The wild coast is home to an array of marine life including sea lions, Hector’s Dolphins and rare but distinctive Hoiho, the Yellow-Eyed Penguin. On Stewart Island you can spot unique and rare birdlife, including wild kiwi in their natural habitat - an experience found nowhere else in the world.
Find out why Southlanders are mad about motoring and machinery. It all started with Burt Munro setting a land speed record that still stands today on his trusty old Indian Scout Motorbike, which you can find at E. Hayes and Sons Motorworks. Visit Bill Richardson Transport World, which holds the largest private collection of its type in the world, or see the illustrious display of motorcycles at Classic Motorcycle Mecca. Have you ever wanted to dig a big hole operating heavy machinery? Have a go on an excavator or bulldozer at Dig This Invercargill, New Zealand's first and only heavy equipment playground.
For an immersive experience, take a hands on tour with a passionate local guide. Travel through Western Southland with GeoTours South, whose tours are designed to inspire understanding and appreciation of the region's natural landscapes. Join Real Country at an authentic maimai (duck hunters hut) in Northern Southland for a bespoke New Zealand experience - try your hand at archery, target shooting with an air rifle, cracking stock whips, and clay target shooting with a shotgun. Head to Stewart Island and take a guided tour with a local - the expert guides have the knowledge and know-how to take you through some of the most diverse and beautiful places in New Zealand.
The Southern Scenic Route has been ranked as one of the top 10 drives of the world, and for good reason. It is over 600km (370mi) of natural and cultural attractions laid out one after the other, making it an ideal drive for those with the time to explore. It is a journey that allows access to remote beaches, lush rainforests, pristine lakes and stunning mountain vistas.
The beautifully rugged Catlins coast is a must do on any visit to Southland, and is a particularly stunning part of the Southern Scenic Route. Visit the heritage centre at Curio Bay - Tumu Toka Curioscape - and discover the wonderful story of the region and the amazing wildlife that it is home to.
With some of the world’s best fare produced within the region, Southland serves up an eclectic mix of dining experiences; succulent seafood including world famous Bluff oysters, farm-fresh vegetables, prime cuts of meat and famous cheese rolls - all dished up with a good dash of southern hospitality. Try award-winning craft beer at the Invercargill Brewery, or visit Blue River Dairy, Southland’s Sheep Milk Café, where you have the chance to try the best sheep’s milk latte. Sample pinot noir infused chocolates, or try your hand at chocolate making at the Seriously Good Chocolate Company.
Southland, it's the New Zealand we all dream of.

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Meet green garbanzos, the next super-bean?
They look like shelled edamame, but green garbanzos are actually young garbanzos (chickpeas) picked while fresh and flash-frozen.
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We already know and love chickpeas (aka “blonde garbanzos”). Now the Washington-based Nature’s Classic wants us to try green garbanzos — chickpeas harvested early to capture peak nutrition, flavour and freshness. Look for the flash-frozen beans at select Costcos ($7.99 for 1.5 kg/3.3 lb) and recipes at naturesclassic.com.
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$24.99 Lease mp3 | 34,99 Lease Wav | $74.99 Premium Lease W/Track-outs |We make Beats,Soundtracks,Film Scores.Using live instruments,vocal,synth,etc Contact For Exclusive Rights and any production inquires/questions. - email@example.com
Let me play you Beethoven like you've never heard before, with guitars, bass, drums, strings, and synths.I hope these recordings of my modern arrangements will encourage young players to delve into experimenting more with classical music.
Broken In Two : is my latest release and it has received great reviews form soundclick users and now is a free download - so call over to my page and take a listen and if you like it add to your station and download and keep.
Best Wishes from Ireland
Blue Again : Is my latest album of blues inspired tracks with everything from acoustic slide to high octane blues rock and a bit of old-time Gospel thrown in, If you like guitar music you just might like my latest effort. I have loads of free tracks to give away as well.


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Indianapolis' Near West neighborhoods are some of the city's most diverse, and all connect directly with the White River. Local nonprofit Indy Convergence has worked with residents for years on creative ways to improve the landscape and livability of the area. Its latest project, A Rising Tide, includes outdoor performances along the river and on a floating stage.
WFYI’s Jill Ditmire spoke with Artistic Director and co-chair of the Visibility Task Force Robert Negron about how A Rising Tide hopes to help people make their way through the COVID-19 crisis.
Negron joined the conversation by phone.