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Q: I have been reading an old book about pruning fruit trees and I need a question answered. The author says to prune some trees to what’s called a central leader and other fruit trees to an open center. But it did not explain why certain trees are pruned one way and but others use a different method. What am I missing?
A: You are not missing anything if the author did not explain the terms. Call it author error rather than reader error. The old expression, “If it goes without saying, don’t” only works if the author does not assume everybody else knows the same information.
The term central leader refers to the trunk extending upward into the branches as the tallest part of the tree. Visualize it as a triangle or a cone on top of the trunk. All other branches are lesser in height to the central leader. It’s the natural shape of many evergreen trees, too. The tree will grow taller in this shape. Apple trees and pear trees are pruned to a central leader shape.
An open center is just as its name describes. The branches are pruned to allow sunlight to penetrate the middle of the crown to help fruit ripen. It looks like an upward facing bowl on top of the trunk. Stone fruit like peaches, plums and cherries are pruned to open centers. The trees usually do not grow as tall as apples and pears.
All of this pruning begins when your fruit trees are very young. You, as the pruner, must keep in mind what the ideal shape is for your tree. You may never get the perfect shape, especially if your tree is older and has not been pruned correctly or at all. You would begin shaping an older tree after maintenance pruning is done. That involves removing all the dead or diseased wood, any branches rubbing on each other and branches growing back toward the center of the tree.
Q: I have a problem with my garden plants every late summer and fall. Many of them get white dusty stuff on the leaves that causes them to look terrible and some leaves turn yellow and fall off. I am guessing this is powdery mildew. It’s the worst on my zinnias that I grow every year, my bee balm and lilacs. I have tried spraying various things once it starts but nothing stops it. What can I do?
A: You have a couple of choices, but much depends how much work you want to make for yourself.
Powdery mildew happens to susceptible plants when the air is humid and warm overnight with no breezes. You can’t do anything about the weather, but you can pay attention to these weather conditions and realize the powdery mildew is creeping on little cat feet to your plants. If you are using a fungicide, it must be applied before powdery mildew is present. Fungicides are preventatives. They cannot cure existing fungi.
Look online at “powdery mildew fungicides” and match that to your plants. Do this now rather than the middle of July. You may be using a relatively easy to find fungicide like chlorothalonil which will come with several brand names. Follow the directions and apply with a pump-up sprayer rather than a hose-end sprayer. You need to accurately control how much fungicide to water is applied and only the pump-up sprayer can do this. Do not use a sprayer you have used for weed killers, because you cannot wash out all the residue successfully.
Read on the label how often to repeat the spray. Do not overhead-water plants, or you will wash off their protection. And do not water plants in the evening, because that will increase the surrounding air humidity. Prune surrounding plants to increase air flow.
Another choice will be to replace plants gradually with those that are mildew resistant. If powdery mildew eventually kills off some of the perennials, replace them with resistant varieties. Start with the easiest: annual flowers like zinnias have several resistant varieties. Also, a raspberry-colored Monarda, also called bee balm, available. Powdery mildew rarely kills lilacs.
Questions? MSU Master Gardener Hotline is 888-678-3464. Gretchen Voyle is an MSU Extension Horticulture Educator, retired.

domain: biology


Several European ambassadors visit Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok at his home and demand the “full restoration of freedom”
The Sudanese Executive, who has been dismissed from his duties by the coup military, announced in a statement issued late on Wednesday that the Army has blocked all kinds of communications just like him international transit of people. “The coup leaders have resorted to isolate Sudan internationally by closing airports and air transport services, in addition to imposing a information blocking by disabling access to communications and internet services to all Sudanese people to hide the serious crimes and violations that they have been constantly committing against civilian protesters in all cities and villages of Sudan, “the document reads.
Faced with this climate of tension, various ambassadors from the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and the United Nations They met Thursday morning with Hamdok, who remains under house arrest, and they demanded the “full restoration of freedom”. They also pointed out that the Sudanese maximum president is “in good health”.
International organizations are already beginning to take action in the conflict, an example of this is aid freeze by United States and the World Bank, while the African union suspended Sudan’s participation in said organization.
Seven civilians deceased
The number of protesters killed after the start of the riots it has already risen to seven as indicated to international media by the head of legal medicine, Hicham Faquiri. He also added that “several bodies were taken to the morgue in the following days, and showed signs of violent injuries made with blunt objects”, without being able to give a figure.
On the other hand, the military leader leading the coup, The general Abdelfattah al Burhan, defended the coup on Tuesday stating that the political forces “wanted to monopolize” the transition, after several weeks of tensions and accusations between civilians and the military, before promising that the Army “will not interfere” in the formation of the new Executive.
However, the Hamdok government stands firm in the face of threats from the military and emphasized that “the coup leaders have no choice but to succumb to the voice of the people, release all political prisoners and hand over power immediately.”


The Praetorian Scout offers an updated iteration of Medford’s most popular folding knife. This model comes equipped with a black PVD coated D2 steel blade and OD green G-10 handle scales over a titanium liner lock frame. The first batch of 100 come serialized. All of the Praetorian Scout’s parts are 100% USA made in Medford’s shop in Arizona.
D2 tool steel blade for top-notch wear resistance and performance.
Textured G-10 handle scales offer a solid, no-slip grip in difficult conditions.
Smooth handle surface beneath the titanium pocket clip allows easy pocket carry without the wear and tear.


Eugene Louie is a well-renowned photographer, having been nominated by American Photographer Magazine as a "New Face" in photojournalism when he was just twenty-six years old. That same year, Louie's photographers helped Washington's Longview Daily news win a staff Pulitzer Prize for covering the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980. He has also won a bronze medal in the Photographer of the Year in the Pacific Northwest competition. In 1989 his photography once again contributed to a Pulitzer Prize win, this time for The San Jose Mercury News' coverage of the Loma Prieta earthquake and it's aftermath.
His rapid rise in photojournalism is notable because Louie originally set out to become a psychologist, but switched to photography during his senior year at university. "The Vietnam War, civil rights, and Women's Liberation were just a few of the issues rapidly changing American culture. I believed it was my job to record the extraordinary times." Louie has traveled the world, turning his camera lenses into remote eyes for his visual audience. In 2010 during his first winter visit to Yosemite National Park, Louie experienced an epiphany. "Photography became a meditation. I realized the purpose of my second career is to photograph the natural world, with the same passion I felt for journalism...This time I am showcasing the planet."


An image-making exercise for a political leader is highly intricate. It can be sustained and improved upon in the public eye, provided there are no gaps in promises and performance. BJP leader Narendra Modi captured the people’s imagination when he shifted from Gandhinagar to New Delhi with his tarnished 2002 image as Gujarat Chief Minister. The people still wonder how he managed to transform his public image so dramatically.
His strength then was all sorts of promises he held out to the people at electoral rallies in 2014. He clicked with the people since they were looking for drastic changes in the light of stereotype working of the polity under the Congress leadership. Also, they were looking for the leadership profile that was charismatic and forward-looking, and not cast in a traditional mould.
Let me recall a Latin proverb that states: an army of stags led by a lion would be more formidable than an army of lions led by a stag. To say this is not to debunk some outstanding Congress leaders, both in pre and post independence India. Even the present Prime Minister looks mediocre vis-à-vis those stalwarts. What could be the reason for the paucity of talented leaders these days?
A simple answer is that the country’s political atmosphere, over a period of time, has got vitiated to such an extent that most capable persons these days prefer to shun politics like a plague. Not that we don’t have promising young persons in our midst. But they get marginalized by undesirable and petty operators and power-brokers. Today, the politics of expediency rules the roost with the result money power amidst the mafia syndrome has come to the fore. Politics is no longer a means to serve the people, but to make money and grab power.
In this context, I wish to recall the words of Ian Bremmer, the President of the world’s leading political risk consultancy, Eurasia Group. He said in May 2019 that “Modi is India’s best hope for economic reform”.
Surprisingly, according to “The Print”, Bremmer has changed his position and has said that India under Modi is the fifth biggest political risk of 2020. The reason for this, according to him is: “Prime Minister Narendra Modi has spent much of his second term promoting controversial social policies at the expense of an economic agenda”. He further talks about the “impacts of such policies”, with “intensified communal and sectarian instability, as well as foreign policy and economic setback”. Those who are well versed about Shaheen Bagh related events, would not dispute these observations.
The Eurasia report discusses how since PM Modi’s re-election in 2019, opted for “contentious” social agenda. Bremmer and co-author Cliff Kupchan tell us about how Home Minister Amit Shah is responsible for this “radical policy shift”. The authors have said how the protests have “spread around India due to citizens’ fear of India” (under the BJP government) losing its “secular identity”. It also states that regardless of growing protests, “Modi will not back down”.
This assessment comes as a rude shock since the Eurasia Group had been bullish about India’s prospects since Modi was elected in 2014.”
In his article for Time, he has said: “Narendra Modi was India’s best hope for economic reform. Things have changed”.
I am not sure whether we should call the latest phase of economy as synonymous with “policy paralysis”. However, the Union Labour Ministry data released in May after the Lok Sabha election shows that 7.8 per cent of all employable youth “were jobless”.
It must be stated that low private investment has been a major concern for the Modi government despite its efforts to revive the economy. Private investment is said to be at “a 15 year low in the quarter ending June 2019”. It cannot be denied that the country is faced with “economic chain reaction”; “loss of jobs means less money in the hands of people leading to less consumption which, in turn, affects production in factories. When earning goes down, inflation shows upward trend. And retail inflation affects the aam aadmi directly.
The BJP leaders have blamed the Opposition parties, the Congress in particular, for fuelling protests and accused them of spreading “lies and rumours”. Since the BJP government at present has adopted one-India line agenda of “no going back”, one cannot be sure whether any purpose would be served by taking a position on sensitive social issues and economic slowdown. I keep my fingers crossed and try to keep my hopes alive for PM Modi’s promise of acche din (good days) for the economy.
Interestingly, for the international community, the dominative narrative of India under PM Modi, rightly or wrongly, has been a story of economic success, not on account of religious violence and repression. Looking beyond, I firmly believe that amidst all sorts of socio-economic problems there is enough resilience among our people who can tackle successfully the non-glitter zone of the Indian divide. Still, the country needs today a sharp sense of direction and a focused response to the uplift of the poor and the downtrodden.
Of course, democratic institutions are expected to be fair and seen to be fair. The credibility of the system of governance in recent years has suffered since it has been misused for partisan gains. I am of the view that time has come for PM Modi to evolve a credible system of governance and make our democracy function efficiently and transparently for the greater good of the people, both Hindus and Muslims. This is the one way to handle Tsunami type socio-economic problems.
I still have firm faith in PM Modi, even though I believe that Amit Shah is not the right choice for him. As for PM Modi, he has to show the courage of conviction and guts to set the right pace for the Indian polity of tomorrow. Also, PM Modi ought to appreciate the basic truth that Indian democracy cannot be run as someone’s and any political party’s fiefdom.
I must say PM Modi has of late acted firmly and decisively on the question of tackling corona- virus (covid-19) in India. He has also taken a major initiative to mobilize SAARC leaders to plan a joint virus fight. My regret is that he has not done much to revive the Indian economy. I hope sooner or later he would realize that healthy economic growth is the only way to strengthen India’s place in the comity of nations.
Over to PM Modi. It must be said the definition of liberal democracy is incomplete unless it gets translated in social and individual contexts. So, democratic governance has to be broad-based with a focus on the promise of justice, liberty and equality in order to make all sections of the people feel secure and contented!


The Best Strategy For Accessing the Most Suitable Air Circulation System
Whatever your interests are; whether it is a heating coil, dryer vent or rooftop handling unit, it wouldn’t make sense if you bought a system that gives you insufficient services – go for the best. If you procure one that isn’t sufficient or of poor quality, you are going to suffer the consequences of massive energy bills, repair as well as replacement cost. There is certifiably not a solitary property proprietor that would want to experience such a circumstance. There are very many manufacturers of these systems in the market and getting to the most suitable one will be cumbersome. The only way that you can know your desires as you try to choose the system that is most suitable for your premise is via asking yourself specific questions. Do you think what you are purchasing will be sufficient to benefit your whole building? Since these systems require maintenance, will you be able to manage them when they come up? Do you possess some knowledge on the system that you are about to purchase such that you can spot the necessary repairs when the time comes? It is fundamental that you pose numerous inquiries before proceeding with anything so you can arrive at the best.
You can start by getting some exhortation from a specialist. If you go at only by yourself, there is a high likelihood that you can touch base at something that isn’t adequate for your building. Get in touch with someone that possesses knowledge on these systems so that they can tell you more on what you are supposed to purchase. You also have another option of hiring a contractor to perform the overall installation of the system. Among the complete citation that they present to you, they ought to incorporate the cost of the gear that they mean to buy. Another strategy that you can apply to get the best is via personal investigation. How will you do this? When you go to the internet, you will find a ton of information that you can depend on as you endeavor to settle on a reasonable decision. Those that aren’t sure about a certain manufacturer, they can go to audit sites and seek feedback that people have provided on the same. Are the reviews positive or negative? Analyze the good and the bad to get a clear view. From this measurement, you will become acquainted with what to go for and what to maintain a strategic distance from. There are times that expert installers go about as deal agents for the makers. Ensure that you do your personal research before anything else.
Go for equipment that will not burden you with a lot of maintenance. You wouldn’t like your equipment to fail on you when you need it. Buy from brands that have a good name in the industry.


My father just gave me my first handgun to use for protection of my first home. However it is an older model (198x) and I am trying to determine if I can use a +p round in it.
Its a S&W Air weight Bodyguard .38 spl.
Serial Number is BBT9xxx
Can someone tell date it for me, and possibly tell me if it would be dangerous/damaging to the firearm to use a +p round?


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NASHVILLE, Tenn. (TSU News Service) – Dr. Harriette Bias- Insignares, a longtime professor at Tennessee State University and the first African American Poet Laureate/Ambassador of Letters for the State of Tennessee has died. She was 72 years old.
A graduate of Fisk University, the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, and George Peabody College of Vanderbilt University, Bias-Insignares had been an educator for more than 40 years. She taught English as a second language, rhetoric and public address, theatre and journalism.
Bias-Insignares began her career teaching English and physical education in Bucaramanga, Colombia, from 1964-65. She later became the Spanish resource consultant for the Chicago Board of Education from 1966 until 1968, and the director of the Tutorial Center at the University of Wisconsin from 1970-72. From 1977 until 1980, Bias-Insignares was an assistant professor of Speech at the University of Tennessee in Nashville.
Dr. Bias-Insignares joined the faculty at Tennessee State University as an associate professor of Communications, a position she held from 1981 until 2000. While at the University, she received the TSU Outstanding Teacher Award, the TSU Foundation Scholars Award, and the TSU National Broadcasting Society Journalism Teacher of the Year Award. Her other awards included the Consortium of Doctors Trailblazer Award, and the Society of Professional Journalists’ David L. Eshelman Award.
Bias-Insignares started writing poetry in earnest following the assassinations of John F. Kennedy, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Bobby Kennedy. Since 1977, she served the state of Tennessee as its Official State Poet and Arts Advocate under the title “Tennessee’s Ambassador of Letters.” To honor her for her many years of service to the people of Tennessee through poetry, Bias-Insignares was named the first Poet Laureate of Nashville.
A native of Savannah, Georgia, Bias-Ingnares was widely recognized as a poetess, storyteller, and oral interpreter. In her role as Tennessee’s state poet she wrote poetry honoring men and women like Vice President Al Gore, Colin Powell, and Eartha Kitt, as well as groups such as The National Urban League and the Negro Ensemble Company.
Her awards in Poetry included the Society of Poets International Poet of Merit Medallion, the Phyllis Wheatley Poetry Award, the Alpha Kappa Alpha Award for contributions to American literature, and the Tennessee Governor’s Spotlight Award for Contributions to the Arts. In addition, Bias-Insignares was also recognized for the Desert Storm Poetry Memorial she created, the first poetry memorial honoring the military in the nation. For her efforts she received the Adjutant General’s Distinguished Patriot Medallion, for “singular sacrifice and commitment to sustaining the pride and patriotism of our armed forces.”
Tennessee State University
3500 John Merritt Boulevard
Nashville, Tennessee 37209
About Tennessee State University
With more than 9,000 students, Tennessee State University is Nashville’s only public university, and is a comprehensive, urban, co-educational, land-grant university offering 45 undergraduate, 24 graduate and seven doctoral programs. TSU has earned a top 20 ranking for Historically Black Colleges and Universities according to U.S. News and World Report, and rated as one of the top universities in the country by Washington Monthly for social mobility, research and community service. Founded in 1912, Tennessee State University celebrated 100 years in Nashville during 2012. Visit the University online at tnstate.edu.

domain: library


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||Recombinant Rat Reg3a (Accession # BAA04904) Glu26-Gln174, fused with a N-terminal Met, was produced in E. coli-derived.
|Predicted N Terminal:
||Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
||Measured in a cell proliferation assay using RT4-D6P2T rat schwannoma cells.The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.1-0.6 µg/mL.
||Recombinant Rat Reg3a, Met-tagged has a calculated MW of 17 kDa. In SDS-PAGE migrates as 16 kDa, reducing conditions.
||>95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining.
||Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. No activity loss was observed after storage at: In lyophilized state for 1 year (4ºC); After reconstitution under sterile conditions for 3 months (-70ºC).


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Please look at the picture at http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/monet/later/parasol
Then please explain the following issues:
Based on your background readings, what do you know about Impressionism and Claude Monet?
Look at this painting up close. Describe what you see. Is it clear to you, or is it blurry?
Step away from your computer. Does the painting start to look different to you? How so? Is it clearer to you now? Specifically discuss how you perceive the light reflecting on the clouds and the grass, as well as the colors used in the painting, and how they relate to the Impressionist style.
Explain how the philosophy of Impressionism is illustrated in this painting.
Please rate 5/5 for my notes and references. Thanks for using BrainMass.com!
First of all, as you briefly communicate about Monet and Impressionism, please note that he was the master, the pioneer of this genre.
This source offers a concrete overview of his life and the genre:
"Claude Monet." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2011): 1. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
Monet lived from 1840-1926. He was a prolific French landscape painter and the founder of impressionism. "He adhered to its principles throughout his long career and is considered the most consistently representative painter of the school as well as one of the foremost painters of ...
Monet's The Stroll, Camille Monet and Her Son Jean (Woman with a Parasol) notes and references are briefly integrated.


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Smultron (Unitron) Unity Keywords
- Download Smultron 2.2.4 (or higher) and copy it into the Unity Engine folder (like Unitron) or into the Applications folder.
- Select the Smultron package and right-click it. Choose "Show Package Contents".
- Open the folder: Content -> Resources -> Syntax Definitions.
- Copy the 2 files in plist.zip into this folder. Make a backup of the the old files and then overwrite them with the new versions.
- Launch Smultron.
- Open the Preferences (Smultron -> Preferences).
- In the General tab enable "Suggest automatically, ..." and disable "Include standard words".
- Switch to Syntax Colours and enable Auto-complete.
- Set the Syntax Colours, Text Colour, Background Colour and Background Colour of the Document list as you like it.


Denied money to go abroad, son kills mother in Jalandhar
Dollar dreams of a son left him as killer of his mother. It all occurred at a small house of Kanian Kalan village at about 11.30 PM on Sunday, when Sarabjit Singh, who resides in an adjoining house, came to his father's residence and started demanding money to fulfill his foreign dreams.punjab Updated: Feb 04, 2013 19:15 IST
Dollar dreams of a son left him as killer of his mother.
It all occurred at a small house of Kanian Kalan village at about 11.30 PM on Sunday, when Sarabjit Singh, who resides in an adjoining house, came to his father's residence and started demanding money to fulfill his foreign dreams.
As 60-year-old, Santokh Singh, who retired from Punjab State Tubewell Corporation last year, expressed his inability to pay him more, as his share of ancestral property was already given to him, it led to heated argument between the father and the son.
Sarabjit Singh, a petty carpenter, in a fit of rage took out his kirpan to attack his father, police sources said adding that mother Kulwant Kaur, who was in the adjoining room came to the rescue of her husband, was repeatedly stabbed by the 'inhuman' son.
As Kaur (58) fainted and lay in pool of blood, Sarabjit turned and stabbed his father twice before fleeing from the spot, Superintendent of Police (SP) Rajinder Singh told Hindustan Times, adding that the accused was traced and arrested by the villagers, before he could have fled away from the village.
While Kaur succumbed to her injuries on the spot, injured Santokh was immediately rushed to the civil hospital, where his condition was stated to be critical, he added.
On the statement of Bhupinder Singh, elder son of the deceased, accused Sarabjit Singh was booked under sections 302 (Murder) and 307 (Attempt to Murder) under Indian Penal Code(IPC).
Statement of the injured father would also be recorded, Singh said adding that the body was sent for post-mortem.
SP revealed that during investigation it came to light that accused, a carpenter, came back from Dubai few years back and now he wanted to get settled in United Kingdom to fulfill his dollar dreams, for which he had to pay a hefty amount to travel agent.
As the accused knew that his father, who retired from government job last year, got his dues including Provident Fund, he was demanding money from him, which the father denied, SP said.


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Ayana E Johnson, Joshua E Cinner, Marah J Hardt, Jennifer Jacquet, Tim R McClanahan and James N Sanchirico Trends, current understanding and future research priorities for artisanal coral reef fisheries research Fish and Fisheries 14
Article first published online: 10 APR 2012 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00468.x
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Soft Merino wool keeps the wind out and moisture off your neck and face.
45NRTH's Greazy cycling cap offers great eye and ear coverage. This double-layer merino wool cap features flat-lock stitching and a three-piece crown that fits great under a helmet. And, the flexible brim won't crease or crumple when stashed into a pocket for storage.
For long cold days in the saddle, there’s the Stove Pipe windproof cycling cap. The longer cut provides plenty of ear, neck, and forehead coverage. Wool liner material wicks moisture away to keep you warm and dry. - Wind blocking panels - Wool lining for moisture wicking - Long cut protects ears, neck, and forehead - Integrated eyewear slots - 3-panel design fits perfectly under helmets
Protect your skin from the harshest of conditions with this technical wind-blocking balaclava. Featuring a merino wool-blend base fabric and flat-lock stitching, combined with a long neck-drape and wind-resistant nose/face coverage to keep you comfortable.
Featuring All-city's pup mascot Baroo and celebrating all four-legged trail buddies! These are made in the USA by Falls Creek Outfitters and are perfect for your backpack, jean vest, or frame packs. - Size: 2 x 2.5-inches
$20.00 - $22.00
• 75% TurboWool, 15% nylon, 10% spandex • Made in the U.S.A by Sockguy • Just below knee height
$24.00 - $28.00
The Hennepin Bridge cap is our take on the classic Brooklyn hat. Brooklyn has their bridge, San Francisco has theirs, and we have ours. - Made in Italy
In prepping for a visit to Japan, All-City knew they wanted to do something special for their friends and dealers, so they hit up team rider Koshi for help in creating a unique cap that would be both generally awesome as well as pay honor and respect to the Japanese culture. They loved the design so much that they decided to do a production run and make them available to everyone!
This one pays homage to Minneapolis’ greatest cultural export. “Electric word, life. It means forever and that's a mighty long time. If you don't like the world you're living in, take a look around. At least you got friends”. — Prince, Let's Go Crazy (from Purple Rain) These are made in Italy by the fine folks at Nalini. - Cotton sweat band - Elastic band in back
The companion cap to All-City's new kit. Complete the look.
Bellwether's Headband is cut from their Thermo-Dry fabric that traps body heat in the soft interior while directing moisture out for total comfort and temperature control. It keeps your ears warm and slips under your helmet with ease.
Mom would be pleased to know you still put a hat on when it's cold. Bellwether's Skull Cap is the perfect way to cover your head on the bike. Its stretchy Thermo-Dry fabric traps body heat in the soft interior while directing moisture out for total comfort and temperature control. And of course it fits smoothly under your helmet.
Bellwether's Balaclava is the official partner of the dedicated, "no off-season" rider. Its stretchy Thermo-Dry fabric traps body heat in the soft interior while directing moisture out for total comfort and temperature control. No need to worry about exposed skin either thanks to the long, contoured cut that provides extra neck coverage. And of course it fits smoothly under your helmet.
Features: - Fleeced thermal fabric for warmth - Curved ergonomic design - Flat seam construction
Lightweight sleeve protects arms against harmful UV rays. Coldflash fabric features a moisture-activated polymer which reacts with your perspiration creating a prolonged cooling effect during exercise in the heat. Features: - UPF 40+ - Cooling moisture-wicking fabric - Articulated-elbow design - Flat-seam construction
Pair with short sleeve jerseys to provide additional warmth and comfort on cool days. Ergonomic design provides superior fit.
To keep warm and healthy, be sure to slip on Bellwether's Coldfront Cap before heading out the door. It combines a wind-blocking front with brushed fleece rear panels to keep your noggin warm and toasty on even the most blustery days. Plus, its thermal fleece interior helps trap heat while allowing moisture to escape for total comfort. And, it fits smoothly under your helmet.
• Contoured ergonomic design limits skin exposure • Fleeced interior for added insulation • Flat seam construction • Mesh breathing port
Bellwether's Sol-Air Knee Sleeves are just the ticket to ward off the sun's harmful rays. These lightweight, moisture-transferring, and breathable knee covers offer UPF 40 sun protection so they'll keep you comfortable on hot days. Silicone grippers keep them in place and articulated knees provide excellent range of movement.
Bellwether's Sol-Air Leg Sleeves are just the ticket to ward off the sun's harmful rays. These lightweight, moisture-transferring, and breathable leg covers offer UPF 40 sun protection so they'll keep you comfortable on hot days. Silicone grippers keep them in place and articulated knees provides excellent range of movement. Plus, ankle zips makes getting them on and off a breeze.
Pair with shorts to provide additional warmth and comfort on cool days. Articulated knee area ensures riding comfort and performance.
Optimal insulation and wind protection for those cold weather rides. Features: - Windproof 3-Layer soft shell construction - Fleece lined for added warmth - Reinforced heel and toe - Fits any cleats - Zippered closure - Reflective accents and logos
Cold feet and soggy socks are things of the past with Bellwether's Aqua-No Booties. Their Aqua-No fabric and seam-sealed construction shuts out precipitation while letting air flow freely. They feature zip closures for easy on and off as well as reflective trim for enhanced visibility. Plus, cleat cutouts and reinforced heels and toes provide durability. Features: - Waterproof and breathable - Seam-sealed construction - Reinforced heel and toe - Fits any cleats - Reflective accents and logos - Zippered closure
- Knitted hat made of soft and quick-drying fabric with great moisture transport - Channel stitched inside - Soft to skin
DeFeet's Slipstream Shoe Covers fit snugly over your shoes to shield you from the cold and provide an aerodynamic advantage too. They also protect your shoes from weather and debris.
DeFeet's Armskins are great for cool mornings, long, chilly descents and unexpected weather. They're made from soft CoolMax for superb warmth, excellent moisture transfer and comfort. And, DeFeet's Stayfast cuffs and secure bindings keep these fine warmers in place. Plus these fine warmers pack small to easily fit in a pocket or bag so you can always take them along.
DeFeet's Kneekers are great for cool mornings, long, chilly descents and unexpected weather. They're made from soft CoolMax for superb warmth, excellent moisture transfer and comfort.
DeFeet's Kneekers are great for keeping your knees warm on cool mornings, long, chilly descents and when the weather changes. They're made from soft Merino wool that insulates even when wet, and wicks great too. Plus, the Kneekers pack small to easily fit in a pocket or bag so you can always take them along.
The Dimension Metal Leg Band keeps pant legs out of the gears. - Sold as a pair
Changing weather conditions call for adaptable accessories, and Endura's BaaBaa Merino Tech Multitube is a virtual cycling chameleon. This warm, Merino Wool tube gives you endless possibilities for neck coverage as well as face and head coverage. Push it down to keep drafts out of your jersey, pull it up over your face to keep your nose toasty, and even pull it up over your ears on those frigid winter rides. Plus, its naturally odor-resistant!
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The PTA will be signed after obtaining the final green light from the Nepalese side
A preferential trade agreement (PTA) between Bangladesh and Nepal is in the final stages, Trade Secretary Tapan Kanti Ghosh said.
He said he was the main guest of the business networking meeting between Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DCCI) and visiting business delegation from Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI), Nepal , held at the DCCI in the city on Tuesday, a press release said.
DCCI President Rizwan Rahman chaired the meeting. At the same time, a cooperation protocol (MoC) between the DCCI and the CNI was also signed during the meeting.
Rahman and CNI President Vishnu Kumar Agarwal signed the document on behalf of their respective organizations.
Ghosh expressed hope that the PTA will be signed soon after getting the final green light from the Nepalese side.
Bangladesh is a very large market with a huge consumer base, especially in the FMCG sector, and Bangladesh has to import a large amount of consumer items like edible oil, lentils, sugar, etc., he added.
He urged Nepalese businessmen to take advantage of this opportunity.
He also said that the cooperation protocol signed between the DCCI and the CNI is an important step for two-way trade and commerce.
DCCI President Rizwan Rahman said in his opening remarks that the two countries are working on common interests in various international forums, including SAARC, BIMSTEC and WTO, which strengthen our diplomatic and economic friendship.
Bilateral trade stands at around $ 73.47 million for fiscal year 2020-21, with a positive trade balance for Bangladesh, he added.
RMG, Pharmaceuticals, Food Processing, Jute Articles, ITES, Light Engineering, Electronics have great investment and trade potential as Nepal is one of the preferred investment destinations from Bangladesh, he said.
“Nepal can invest in our agribusiness tourism, financial sectors and SEZs,” he added.
The head of the Nepalese delegation and chairman of the CNI, Vishnu Kumar Agarwal, said that the sectors of agriculture, tourism, energy, education and information technology are some of the sectors potential where entrepreneurs from both countries can benefit.
He said Nepal is now prioritizing its transformation from a trade-based economy to one based on manufacturing.
Thus, this move will create a huge opportunity for huge investments. In addition, the exchange of delegations will promote bilateral trade, he said.
CNI Vice President Nirvana Chaudhary said that they have already invested in Bangladesh in the FMCG industry and have a plan to invest in the beverage and hospitality sector in the future.
Later, Senior Vice-President NKA Mobin, Vice-President of DCCI Monowar Hossain and members of the Board of Directors of DCCI and CNI were also present.

domain: finance


text:
CASEY ANTHONY AND THE ABUSE EXCUSE
By: Dean Tong, MSc
June 1, 2010
Alleged Child Killer Accuses Father/Brother of Sexual Abuse
There is no crime more heinous and reprehensible than murder of a child. Next in line would be sexual abuse of a child. Casey Anthony, a young Orlando, Florida woman is facing Murder One charges for allegedly killing her daughter Caylee almost three years ago. Ms. Anthony’s attorneys have alleged Caylee expired due to her accidentally drowning in her grandfather’s pool. The prosecution alleges Casey applied duct tape over the child’s mouth and nose and suffocated the child to death. This allegedly occurred in June 2008 and Casey didn’t report the child missing for almost a month after her disappearance.
Casey had been partying with friends at clubs and such and “needed space” away from her family during the early summer of 2008, and this was her explanation for why she didn’t check-in with her family earlier. The evidence mounting against Casey Anthony seems incontrovertible as her mother Cindy (as well as a tow truck driver) smelled what appeared to be rotting flesh from a decomposed human body in Casey’s automobile. About six months after Caylee Anthony’s disappearance an Orlando area water meter reader came upon a skull of a young child in a location near Caylee Anthony’s grandparents. Confirmed reports indicated duct tape was still adhered to the child’s mouth when the skull was found.
Casey Anthony alleged her father George Anthony knew Caylee died in his pool because he allegedly carried the deceased child in his arms. George Anthony has denied that allegation, claiming he wasn’t notified of the child’s disappearance for a month after the fact. And now after multiple reports have painted Casey a narcissist and pathological liar, Casey Anthony has accused both her father George and her brother Lee of sexually abusing her as a child.
I find the timing of Casey’s bomb dropping (sexual child abuse allegations) to be consistent with “desperate times call for desperate measures.” While we typically see unfounded or false child sex abuse allegations lodged during pendente lite divorces and child custody battles, Anthony’s attorneys Baez and Cheney’s use of the abuse excuse is not a first. America has witnessed past, troubled criminal defendants Lorena Bobbitt in 1992 and the Menendez Brothers in 1999 use of the abuse excuse as a pity tool to try to deflect the jury’s attention away from the charges-at-bar and on to the “sexually traumatized defendants” in order to obtain lighter sentences post-conviction, or even acquittals if the sexual abuse was severe enough to justify insanity pleas. While there’s been no expert testimony Casey Anthony was diagnosed 995.53 in the DSM-IV-TR (sexual abuse of a child, victim) by a therapist prior to the summer of 2008 when this case first broke, one would hope the jury won’t buy the abuse defense and see the forest through the trees.
Clearly, Casey Anthony is a deeply troubled and scared woman fighting for her life, literally and figuratively. But, to my knowledge, there are no published scientific studies linking genuine sexual child abuse to pathological lying. The defense is alleging Anthony’s pathology and lying stems from her sexual abuse victimization. While Florida law contains a delayed discovery doctrine and will hear Casey Anthony’s abuse claims, she still has to prove the same in court. And her father, George Anthony, and her brother, Lee Anthony, are not on trial. Let’s not forget about the real victim in this tragic case and that is Caylee Anthony.
Disclaimer: Dean Tong is not an attorney. He is not licensed to give legal advice and nothing herein should be construed to be legal advice. If you need legal assistance please consult with an attorney in your area.

domain: law


text:
Evaluating a nutrition education programme for food service assistants in pre-schools in the Vaal Region
Malnutrition amongst pre-school children age two-to-five-years is a growing world-wide concern. This is mainly due to poverty, diseases and inadequate dietary intake. Malnourished children are also a problem in South Africa. Pre-schools play an important role in the prevention of malnutrition because most young children consume about two thirds of their food and therefore their daily nutritional intake at the pre-schools. There are various factors that affect a child's nutrition in pre-schools, such as food choices, meal plans, the environment and the nutritional knowledge of the caregivers. Pre-schools can only fulfill this responsibility through the proper nutritional knowledge and training. The nutritional education and knowledge of food service assistants/caregivers are very important, because they compile the meal plans and menus for pre-schools. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a Nutrition Education Programme (NEP) to address the lack of nutritional knowledge of service assistants/caregivers who plan the menus in pre-schools in terms of existing menu content and food choices required for children between two to five years of age and by using the existing menus and food choices applied to make recommendations for nutritional skills training. Also in terms of basic nutrition, health and safety, to recommend more appropriate alternatives acceptable to children between two to five years of age. Lastly to integrate recommendations for nutritional skill training with regard to the alternative meal plan, eating habits and food choices for the menu through a NEP that would be implemented and evaluated. The study design was a combination of an exploratory and quantitative-descriptive research design in the form of a survey. A pilot study was used mainly to test the nutrition knowledge questionnaires for content validity. The study population of this research project was randomly selected pre-schools chosen from the Eatonside informal settlement. Procedures for data gathering and the different methods used for data analysis were divided into four phases. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the percentage of pre-schools who answered the questions correctly for selected nutrition knowledge, portion sizes questions and menu planning, as well as food safety and health. Paired t-tests were carried out to measure the statistically significant difference (pS0.05) before and after the implementation of the NEP. The results of the t-test indicate that only nine of the questions in the post-test questionnaire showed a confidence interval of the difference. There is statistical significance in these questions through either increase or decrease. It can be concluded that the Nutrition Education Programme (NEP) was successful, but that more training is needed due to the limitations experienced. The menu analysis tested the respondent's menus in terms of the average daily nutrient intake level given to the pre-school children. The data of the pre- and post-test menus were then compared to EAR in order to determine any change in the menus nutritional values after the NEP was completed. The results showed that there were differences in the post-test results that both decreased and increased.
Thesis (M. Tech. - Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality, Tourism and PR management)--Vaal University of Technology
Malnutrition, Pre-school children, Meal plans, Food choices, Nutrition Education Programme, Nutritional skills training

domain: food


Rye and Camber Tramway
The Rye and Camber Tramway was an English narrow gauge railway in East Sussex. It was of 3 ft gauge. It operated from 1895 until 1939, connecting Rye to the nearby coast at Camber. It was a very short line, only about 1.75 miles in length, and with only three stations - Rye, Golf Links and Camber Sands. It operated mainly to transport golfers from Rye to the nearby golf links and holidaymakers to the coastal dunes.
This railway which was built to the unusual 3ft gauge was constructed between January and July 1895 and ran entirely on private land. It was the first designed by consulting engineer Holman Fred Stephens who went on to build and run small railways all over the country.
The line was originally built to convey golfers to the Rye Golf Club and ran from Rye station to the golf club. In 1908 the first extension to Camber Sands station was opened and the intermediate station renamed "Golf Club". The position of the distant Camber terminal was moved to a more accessible site and a tea hut was opened at the end of Summer 1938, however this only used for a few months as the war intervened the next year.
Although quite successful initially, increasing competition from automobile and bus transport eventually caused it to enter a gradual economic decline, as was the case with many small railways. It closed down for public carriage at the outbreak of World War II but was extensively used by the Government to convey parts for the P.L.U.T.O. (Pipe Line Under The Ocean) project for which a special siding leading to a new pier near Golf Club Station was constructed by Canadian troops.
The line was in such a run-down a condition by the end of the war that it was deemed irrecoverable and was sold for scrap in 1947. The Rye & Camber Tramways Co. Ltd. was liquidated in February 1949.
There were two small Bagnall steam locomotives, "Camber" and "Victoria", but in its final years propulsion was by a small oil (Diesel) locomotive. It had two enclosed carriages; the frame of one survives at the Amberley Working Museum and several locally built four wheel trucks which were used to convey sand from the beach for local builders. Several short term temporary sidings were constructed at the Camber end for this purpose, where the dug out dunes can still be seen. Other remains can be seen at the Colonel Stephens Museum at Tenterden.
Sources of Information
-  Wikipedia


text:
Introduction to Wildflower Gardening for Beginners
Wildflower gardening is a delightful hobby that brings joy and beauty to any outdoor space. It’s a journey that starts with understanding the basics and appreciating the benefits. Let’s dive right in.
- Understanding the basics of wildflower gardening
- Benefits of starting a wildflower garden
Wildflower gardening is all about creating a natural, vibrant, and low-maintenance landscape. It involves selecting wildflower species that are native to your area, which can thrive in your local soil and climate conditions. The basics include understanding the types of wildflowers, their growth patterns, and their care requirements. For example, some wildflowers prefer full sun, while others thrive in partial shade. Similarly, some wildflowers need rich, well-drained soil, while others can grow in poor, dry soil. It’s all about choosing the right wildflowers for your specific garden conditions.
Starting a wildflower garden comes with numerous benefits. Firstly, wildflowers add a burst of color and beauty to your garden, creating a stunning visual display. Secondly, they are low-maintenance, requiring less watering and care than many other garden plants. This makes wildflower gardening a sustainable and eco-friendly choice. Thirdly, wildflowers attract beneficial insects and pollinators like bees and butterflies, promoting biodiversity. Lastly, wildflower gardening is a rewarding hobby that can bring you closer to nature, provide a sense of achievement, and even improve your mental wellbeing.
Now that you have a basic understanding of wildflower gardening and its benefits, you’re ready to embark on your wildflower gardening journey. Remember, every garden is unique, and the key to success is learning, experimenting, and adapting. Happy gardening!
How to Start a Wildflower Garden: A Comprehensive Guide
Starting a wildflower garden is a rewarding experience, but it requires careful planning. One of the most important steps in this process is choosing the right location for your garden. Let’s delve into this topic.
Choosing the Right Location for Your Wildflower Garden
Just like choosing a home, picking the right spot for your wildflower garden is crucial. You need to consider two main factors: sunlight and soil type.
- Understanding the Importance of Sunlight
- Considering Soil Type and Drainage
Wildflowers love the sun. They need at least six hours of direct sunlight each day to grow and bloom properly. The more sun they get, the more flowers they produce. So, look for a spot in your yard that gets plenty of sunlight throughout the day.
Wildflowers are not picky about soil, but they do require good drainage. If water stands in a spot after a heavy rain, it’s not the best place for your wildflower garden. The soil should be well-draining to prevent root rot and other diseases. You can improve drainage by adding organic matter like compost or peat moss.
In conclusion, the right location for your wildflower garden should have plenty of sunlight and well-draining soil. These two factors will ensure that your wildflowers grow healthy and produce a beautiful display of blooms.
Choosing the Right Wildflowers
When planning your wildflower garden, it’s essential to choose the right flowers. This involves understanding native wildflowers and considering their blooming seasons. Let’s delve into these two crucial aspects.
- Understanding Native Wildflowers
Native wildflowers are those that naturally grow in your region. They are adapted to the local climate, soil, and wildlife, making them easier to grow and maintain. Plus, they contribute to preserving the local ecosystem.
For instance, if you live in the Midwest, you might consider planting Purple Coneflowers or Black-Eyed Susans. These flowers are native to the area and thrive in its conditions. They also attract local pollinators like bees and butterflies, promoting biodiversity in your garden.
- Considering the Blooming Seasons
Wildflowers bloom at different times of the year. Some bloom in the spring, others in the summer or fall. By choosing a variety of wildflowers with different blooming seasons, you can ensure your garden is colorful and vibrant throughout the year.
For example, if you plant Bluebonnets (spring bloomers) and Indian Blankets (summer bloomers), your garden will have a succession of blooms from early spring to late summer. This not only enhances the visual appeal of your garden but also provides a continuous food source for pollinators.
|Summer to Fall
In conclusion, understanding native wildflowers and considering their blooming seasons are key steps in choosing the right wildflowers for your garden. By doing so, you can create a beautiful, sustainable, and ecologically friendly garden that brings joy throughout the year.
Planting Your Wildflowers
Now that you’ve chosen the right location and the perfect wildflowers for your garden, it’s time to get your hands dirty. Planting your wildflowers involves two main steps: preparing the soil and deciding whether to plant seeds or young plants. Let’s dive into these steps in more detail.
Preparing the Soil
Before you start planting, it’s crucial to prepare the soil. Good soil preparation can make a significant difference in how well your wildflowers grow. Start by removing any weeds or grass from the area. Then, loosen the soil with a garden fork or tiller to a depth of about 6 to 8 inches. This will help the roots of your wildflowers to penetrate the soil more easily.
Next, enrich the soil with organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure. This will provide your wildflowers with the nutrients they need to thrive. Finally, rake the soil smooth, removing any large clumps or rocks. Now, your soil is ready for planting!
Planting Seeds vs. Young Plants
When it comes to planting your wildflowers, you have two options: seeds or young plants. Both have their advantages and disadvantages.
Planting Method Advantages Disadvantages Seeds Seeds are usually cheaper and offer a wider variety of wildflowers. They can also be directly sown into the garden, making them a good option if you’re planting a large area. Seeds require more care and patience. They need to be watered regularly until they germinate, and it may take longer for them to establish and bloom. Young Plants Young plants give you a head start as they’re already established. They’re likely to bloom in their first year and can fill in a garden quickly. Young plants are more expensive than seeds and offer less variety. They also require more effort to plant as each one needs to be dug in individually.
Whether you choose seeds or young plants, remember to plant them at the right depth and space them properly. This will give your wildflowers the best chance of growing successfully.
Planting your wildflowers may require some effort, but the reward of a beautiful, vibrant wildflower garden is well worth it. So, roll up your sleeves and start planting!
Tips and Tricks for Wildflower Gardening
Wildflower gardening can be a rewarding hobby. With the right tips and tricks, you can create a vibrant and thriving garden that is not only beautiful but also beneficial to the environment. In this section, we will focus on how to properly water your wildflower garden.
Watering Your Wildflower Garden
Watering is a crucial aspect of wildflower gardening. It helps the plants to grow and bloom. However, it’s important to understand the watering needs of wildflowers and the best time to water your garden.
- Understanding the watering needs of wildflowers
- Best time to water your wildflower garden
Wildflowers are generally hardy plants that can withstand varying conditions. However, they still need water to grow and thrive. The amount of water required depends on the type of wildflower, the soil, and the climate. For instance, desert wildflowers need less water compared to those that grow in wetlands. It’s important to research the specific watering needs of the wildflowers you have in your garden.
The best time to water your wildflower garden is early in the morning or late in the evening when the sun is not too hot. Watering during these times prevents the water from evaporating quickly, ensuring that the plants get the moisture they need. It also helps to prevent the growth of mold and fungi that can harm your plants.
In conclusion, understanding the watering needs of your wildflowers and knowing the best time to water them can significantly impact the health and beauty of your garden. So, take the time to learn about your plants and their needs, and you’ll be rewarded with a stunning wildflower garden.
Maintaining Your Wildflower Garden
Keeping a wildflower garden vibrant and healthy requires consistent care and attention. Two key aspects of maintenance are pruning and managing pests and diseases. Let’s delve into these topics.
- Pruning and Deadheading
Pruning involves removing dead or overgrown branches or stems from your wildflowers. This helps to improve their overall health and appearance. It also encourages the growth of new flowers. Pruning should be done with care, using sharp tools to make clean cuts.
Deadheading, on the other hand, is the process of removing faded or dead flowers from the plant. This prevents the plant from wasting energy on seed production and promotes further blooming. Deadheading can be done by hand or with pruning shears, depending on the size of the flower.
- Managing Pests and Diseases
Wildflower gardens can attract a variety of pests, including insects, rodents, and birds. These pests can damage your plants and hinder their growth. Regular inspection of your garden can help you identify any potential pest problems early on.
Common diseases that can affect wildflowers include fungal infections, root rot, and leaf spot. These diseases can cause discoloration, wilting, and even death of the plants. To manage these diseases, consider using organic fungicides and ensuring proper watering and drainage.
Remember, a well-maintained wildflower garden not only looks beautiful but also provides a healthy habitat for beneficial insects and birds. So, put on your gardening gloves and start maintaining your wildflower garden today!
Case Studies: Successful Wildflower Gardens
Let’s explore two case studies that demonstrate the beauty and success of wildflower gardens. These examples will show you how wildflowers can thrive in both urban and rural settings.
Case Study 1: A Thriving Urban Wildflower Garden
In the heart of the city, a small plot of land was transformed into a vibrant wildflower garden. Despite the urban setting, the garden is flourishing with a variety of wildflowers, attracting bees, butterflies, and even city dwellers who stop to admire the beauty.
The garden’s success is attributed to the careful selection of wildflowers. The gardeners chose species that are known to thrive in urban environments, such as the Black-Eyed Susan and the Purple Coneflower. They also ensured the soil was well-drained and received plenty of sunlight.
Not only has this garden become a haven for pollinators, but it has also become a source of joy for the community. It serves as a reminder that nature can thrive even in the most unexpected places.
Case Study 2: A Wildflower Meadow in the Countryside
In a rural area, a large field was transformed into a stunning wildflower meadow. The meadow is now home to a diverse range of wildflowers, creating a colorful and dynamic landscape that changes with the seasons.
The success of this meadow can be attributed to the careful preparation of the land and the selection of wildflowers that are native to the area. This included species like the Indian Paintbrush and the Bluebonnet. The gardeners also ensured that the meadow was not overwatered, as wildflowers often prefer drier conditions.
This wildflower meadow has not only enhanced the beauty of the countryside but has also provided a valuable habitat for local wildlife. It’s a testament to the power of wildflowers and their ability to transform a landscape.
These case studies demonstrate that with careful planning and selection of the right wildflowers, you can create a successful wildflower garden in any setting. Whether you’re in the heart of the city or the quiet countryside, wildflowers can bring beauty, joy, and a touch of nature to your surroundings.
Key Takeaways: Starting a Garden with Wildflowers
As we conclude our comprehensive guide on starting a wildflower garden, let’s revisit the most important points to remember. These key takeaways will guide you in creating a thriving wildflower garden that adds beauty to your outdoor space and supports local wildlife.
- Choosing the Right Location and Wildflowers
- Proper Planting and Watering Techniques
- Maintenance Tips for a Thriving Wildflower Garden
Identifying the perfect spot for your wildflower garden is crucial. It should ideally be a place that receives ample sunlight. Equally important is the selection of wildflowers. Choose native wildflowers that are well-suited to your local climate and soil conditions. This will ensure their growth and survival.
Planting your wildflowers at the right time and in the right way can significantly impact their growth. The best time to plant is usually in the spring or fall. Watering is also essential, but remember, overwatering can be as harmful as underwatering. A good rule of thumb is to water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between watering sessions.
Maintaining a wildflower garden requires regular weeding, especially in the early stages. Once established, wildflowers can outcompete most weeds. Pruning or deadheading can also promote more blooms. Remember, a little care goes a long way in ensuring a healthy, vibrant wildflower garden.
|Location and Wildflower Selection
|Choose a sunny location and native wildflowers suitable for your local climate and soil.
|Planting and Watering
|Plant in spring or fall. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between watering sessions.
|Regularly weed your garden, especially in the early stages. Prune or deadhead as necessary to promote more blooms.
Remember, gardening is a journey. It’s about learning, experimenting, and growing along with your garden. So, don’t be disheartened if things don’t go as planned initially. With time, patience, and the right techniques, you’ll soon have a wildflower garden that’s the envy of your neighborhood.

domain: agronomy


text:
“I wonder if we are stuck in bad movie plots we make ourselves,” says Magsalin, the character at the centre of Gina Apostol’s thrillingly imagined and provocative inquiry into the nature of stories and the unfolding of history in our collective consciousness. The remark is made in one of many terse conversations she has with an American film-maker, Chiara Brasi, who has come to the Philippines to shoot a movie based on her father’s experience in the 1970s of making a film about a notorious massacre of 1901.
Magsalin reads Chiara’s script and objects not just to the accuracy of certain details and the viewpoints it adopts, but to the very motivation behind it. A Filipina translator and mystery writer on her first visit to her home country after many years in New York, she decides to put things right by writing her own script. In this jostle for primacy, narrative strands collide, history doubles back on itself, characters real and imagined merge into one version of events, only to be pulled apart again by Magsalin’s constant interrogation of Chiara’s – and her own – understanding of the history of the Philippines.
As we follow the two women’s competing ideas on how and why we retell history, the question of whose version should take precedence gives way to a meditation on whether that story – or indeed any other – can make any real difference to our lives.
At the heart of the novel lies the massacre of 30,000 Filipinos by American troops in Balangiga, in retaliation for the killing of 30 American soldiers in an uprising of nationalists (the notion of “insurrection” and the negative connotations of being an insurrecto as opposed to a freedom fighter is just one thing Magsalin objects to in Chiara’s script). One of these so-called insurrectos is the real life figure Casiana Nasionales, who becomes the protagonist in Magsalin’s script; the fictional Cassandra Chase, an American who photographed the bodies of the murdered Filipinos, figures prominently in Chiara’s version. Who is the true protagonist? Which of the writers has the stronger claim to historical and cultural authenticity?
To some extent the novel is tackling the issue of cultural appropriation, but it never ventures close to anything like a crass attempt at resolution, instead using the complexity of its narrative and thematic structure to hint at the difficulty in understanding the confluence of history, power and the individual. None of it is designed to be easy for the reader, and the organisation of the novel constantly gives the impression of being in search of something that lies just beyond the grasp of total comprehension. “An abaca weave, a warp and weft of numbers, is measured but invisible in the plot. Chapter numbers double up. Puzzle pieces scramble. Points of view will multiply. Allusions, ditto.” In describing her film script, Magsalin is also describing the novel we are reading – a conscious articulation of the way Apostol is trying to reconfigure how we think of the historical novel.
Insurrecto’s concern lies chiefly with the women’s motivations behind the telling of these stories rather than the detail or plotlines of the actual narratives. “The story Magsalin wishes to tell is about loss,” we are told quite plainly, and in this telling, “Any emblem will do”. But through the snippets of her experience, artfully yet movingly distributed through the novel, we learn more than enough to figure out that Magsalin’s motivations are not just political. “A poor and underfed student from the provinces,” Magsalin’s departure from her home country is expressed as an act of freedom, but her prolonged separation from the Philippines creates an anxiety within her that proves difficult to explain. Why was she unable to return, even when her mother was dying? Several times she recalls her mother’s last phone call. “Do not come home … I understand,” her mother says, but like Magsalin herself, we don’t fully comprehend the reasons for her staying away, and the novel’s energies hint at a deep-seated need to strip away the layers of the exile’s relationship with home and family.
Loss and the inability fully to grasp what it means, or how grief can be healed, similarly lie behind Chiara’s movie project. She is haunted by the messiness of her parents’ marriage and the death of her film-maker father when she was very young. She can’t decide how her own movie will remember him: she wants to resurrect him but in the end, he still dies.
In the disconnect between the aloof, designer-clad Chiara of today and the vivid portrayals of her as a child in the 70s that we gain through her mother Virginie’s eyes, Apostol reveals a lifetime of pain and estrangement that ultimately mirrors Magsalin’s.

domain: artistic


By Mandy Bell, GoPSUsports.com student staff writer UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa.- Although Tuesday night did not end in the Nittany Lions' favor, Penn State head coach Rob Cooper saw promising outings at the plate from senior Christian Helsel and sophomore Ryan Sloniger. In a game featuring 10 total hits for the Penn State offense, Helsel and Sloniger were responsible for six.
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Your guide to North Zulch, Texas assisted living facilities. With so many senior housing options available, how do you know which one is right for your family?
Our Senior Living Advisors live in the North Zulch area and can provide you with an insider's view of local communities including pricing information and distinctive features.
Request information online by filling out the form to the right or call us at 855-363-2002 for a no-cost, in-depth assessment of your senior care needs. Our compassionate advisors can help you find the best North Zulch assisted living facilities for your unique needs and budget.
Cities near North Zulch offering memory care optionsNormangee
| New Baden
Assisted Living Costs in Nearby Cities
* The costs above represent the AVERAGE monthly cost of assisted living for a one person bedroom in that city.
Facts about North Zulch
North Zulch is also known as: North Zulch.
North Zulch is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Texas, United States at the intersection of U.S. Highway 190 and State Highway 21 and is six miles from the Navasota River and thirteen miles west of Madisonville in west central Madison County.
Population shifts in North Zulch
Average temperatures in North Zulch
Line in orange is average highs...line in blue is average lows.
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Vegetarian menu options are available for all meals, the minimum allowable age of residents is 55, speech therapy is offered via a speech therapist who comes to the property regularly, residents who need help with medication management can be given reminders and be monitored to make sure they are taking their medications, residents can arrange for a room at this property that will allow them to live in this location whatever their healthcare needs are and become, this community was built in 2001, and this location was renovated in 2012.
Speech therapy is available on-site by a visiting speech therapist, staff is available help with your blood sugar management, caregivers at Broadmoor Place are trained to spot potential disorientation presented by residents, this community administers patient medications, the staff speaks Spanish at this location, this community was built in 1996, and the community is licensed for 38 residents.
Physical therapy is handled by the physical therapist that makes regular visits to this location, caregiver staff can deal with any wandering issues residents may have, the property has a nurse that is able to administer injectable medicine, resident parking is available to residents who drive, wheelchair accessible showers are available at this location, hospice is an option available at this location, and residents can arrange for a room at this community that will allow them to live in this location whatever their healthcare needs are and become.
Licensed nurses are on staff to help you, a visiting podiatrist helps keep your feet healthy, physical therapy can be done without leaving the community by a visiting physical therapist, regular occupational therapy by a visiting therapist helps you stay active and engaged, complimentary transportation is at the disposal of residents, wheelchair accessible showers are available at this location, and hospice is an option available at this location.
Healthy meals are provided to residents, licensed nurses are on staff to help you, staff is available help with your diabetes management, caregivers at Carriage Inn At Huntsville can address potential disorientation presented by residents, trained staff monitors medication and reminds residents when it’s time to take them, full-service medication administration is available, and residents who drive will find parking available to them.
Appetizing meals are provided to residents, professional nurses are on staff to help you, caregivers at Hudson Creek Alzheimer's Special Care Center are trained to spot potential disorientation presented by residents, Hudson Creek Alzheimer's Special Care Center has the skill to resolve any aggressive behavior that residents may present, hospice is an option available at this location, respite care is offered, and this community was built in 2006.
Healthy meals are provided to residents, Kosher food is provided, vegetarian food is provided, 55 is the minimum age allowed for residents, the facility has staff that can help you with your insulin to manage diabetic needs, residents who drive will find parking available to them, and this property provides complimentary transportation.
Delicious and nutritious meals are provided to all residents even those with dietary restrictions, an on-call physician is available to help, staff is available help with your diabetes management, the property is secured for the safety of residents that might be prone to wander, Silver Hills is skilled in behavioral issues that some residents might be inclined to, the staff speaks Spanish at this location, and the community is licensed for 46 residents.
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domain: geography


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D. Tangach. Oregon Health Sciences University.
A one-year economic estimation of six alternate strategies in the operation of uninvestigated upper gastrointestinal symptoms in Canadian primary attend to labetalol 100 mg without a prescription. The American Journal of Gastroenterology2008 order 100mg labetalol overnight delivery;103:2890-2907 First Principles of Gastroenterology and Hepatology A 100mg labetalol with amex. Hospitalized rate and took place fatality seeking upper gastrointestinal bleeding from 1999 to 2007: a record linkage burn the midnight oil. Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the hazard of incessant scourge bleeding in patients with arthriThis. Randomized overlapped imperceptive match of immediate come out with omeprazole voiced deprivation versus intravenous cimetidine for the prevention of more elevated gastrointestinal bleeding in critically scarcely patients. Endoscopic treatment towards fierce nonvariceal nobles gastrointestinal hemorrhage : a meta-analysis. An league between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor consume and sombre superiority gastrointestinal bleeding. There is an relationship between picky serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and uncomplicated peptic ulcers: a population-based case-control about. The character of blood transfusion in the handling of higher and modulate intestinal monograph bleeding. Distal splenorenal shunt versus transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt in return variceal bleeding: A randomized go. Beginning infusion of high-dose omperazole in front endoscopy reduced the need for endoscopic remedy. Apropos handle of intravenous proton pump inhibitors in the management of Bleeding peptic disease. Endoscopic group therapy for bleeding ulcers: an evidence-based passage based on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Time trends and collision of higher and lower gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation in clinical unaccustomed. Acid suppressants ease up on peril of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on antithrombotic or anti- mutinous psychoanalysis. Guidelines seeking the executives of anticoagulant and antiplatelet psychoanalysis in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. High-dose vs non-high-dose proton animate inhibitors after endoscopic treatment in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer: a orderly critique and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Histamine2 receptor antagonists are an different to proton grill inhibitor in patients receiving clopidogrel. Long-term peptic scourge rebleeding jeopardize admiration in patients undergoing haemodialysis: a 10-year nationwide corps swot. Complexion Clinical Preparation Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2008;5(2):80-93 Bariatric Surgery Buchwald H, et al. Increased Perioperative Mortality Following Bariatic Surgery Magnitude Patients With Cirrhosis. Canadian clinical routine guidelines on the management and interception of plumpness in adults and children. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in severely obese adolescents: a randomized trial. Characterizing variability in in vivo Raman spectra of different anatomical locations in the majuscule letters gastrointestinal paper toward cancer detection. The current spectrum of gastric polyps: a 1-year national think over of upward of 120,000 patients. Statins are associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer: a population-based case-control sanctum sanctorum. Gastric cancer chance in patients with premalignant gastric lesions: a nationwide faction scan in the Netherlands. Transforming broadening factor- decreases the cancer-initiating stall inhabitants within diffuse-type gastric carcinoma cells. Quigley and the Practice Parameters Board of the American College of Gastroenterology. In vivo detection of epithelial neoplasia in the tummy using image-guided Raman endoscopy. American Gastroenterological Federation Institute industrial review article on the command of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging achieves loftier exactness in the differential diagnosis of slapdash gastric lesions identified with white-light endoscopy: a imminent swotting. An update of the Cochrane Systematic Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Group therapy in Nonulcer Dyspepsia: Resolving the Incompatibility Between Routine Reviews. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in mercilessly obese adolescents: a randomized wake. Endoscopy 2010;42(2):155-162 Vanden Berghe P, et al Contribution of distinguishable triggers to the gastric accommodation reflex in restrain. Technology acuity: endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Transgastric endoluminal gastrojejunostomy: technical maturity from bench to subhuman memorize (with video). Small-intestinal bacterial overgrowthin cirrhosis correlated to the relentlessness of liver disease. American Roll of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2009;296(3):G461-75. American Quarterly of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2009; Vanner S. Condition and physiological by-law of intestinal lipid absorption: cellular experience in chylomicron assembly in oozing. A single-center experience of 260 consecutive patients undergoing capsule endoscopy in behalf of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Secluded gastrointestinal bleeding: Role of video-capsule and deceitful balloon enteroscopy. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with nugatory bowel disorder. Capsule endoscopy or force enteroscopy for first-line inspection of befogged gastrointestinal bleeding?
Treating an underlying predicament may be plenty to change your erectile dysfunction buy 100mg labetalol visa. Likewise cheap 100mg labetalol overnight delivery, emphasis and loco health problems can agent or go from bad to worse erectile dysfunction cheap labetalol 100mg without prescription. Sometimes a mosaic of natural and unconscious issues causes erectile dysfunction. To save happened, a bush-league physical refractory that slows your sexual effect may call anxiety about maintaining an erection. The perspicacity plays a explanation job in triggering the series of tangible events that cause an erection, starting with feelings of animal disquietude. On the other side of control tobacco exercise can basis chronic haleness problems that command to erectile dysfunction. If your doctor suspects that underlying problems may be mixed up with, or you acquire continuing constitution problems, you may difficulty more tests or you may prerequisite to foretell a master. This may encompass aware research of your penis and testicles and checking your nerves quest of view. A sample of your blood may be sent to a lab to curb for signs of heart ailment, diabetes, low testosterone levels and other health problems. Like blood tests, urine tests are in use accustomed to to look for the sake of signs of diabetes and other underlying health conditions. It involves using a wand-like device (transducer) held upwards the blood vessels that supply the penis. This evaluation is every now done in cabal with an injection of medications into the penis to find out if blood flow increases normally. This simple-hearted assess involves wrapping primary tape about your penis in advance of you flag to bed. If the stick is separated in the morning, your penis was institute at some time during the vespers all the time. This indicates the agency is of your erectile dysfunction is most probably psychical and not diplomate. These drugs better the effects of nitric oxide, a typical chemical your masses produces that relaxes muscles in the penis. This increases blood flow and allows you to suffer from an erection in response to erotic stimulation. Your doctor will take into account your particular situation to find out which medication may effect nicest. You may necessity to travail with your doctor to discover the right medication and administer in compensation you. Although these medications can aid multitudinous people, not all men should hold them to discuss erectile dysfunction. With this method, you use a exquisite needle to instil alprostadil (Alprostadil, Caverject Impulse, Edex) into the inferior or side of your penis. In some cases, medications typically tempered to for other conditions are acquainted with looking for penile injections on their own or in bloc. Each injection generally produces an erection in five to 20 minutes that lasts involving an hour. Because the needle inured to is jolly bright, wretchedness from the injection site is inveterately minor. Side effects can include bleeding from the injection, prolonged erection and accumulation of fibrous Thissue at the injection site. You profit by a distinctive applicator to supplement the suppository nearly two inches down into your penis. Side effects can contain pain in the arse, slight bleeding in the urethra, dizziness and creation of fibrous Thissue inside your penis. Some men possess erectile dysfunction caused by way of scant levels of the hormone testosterone, and may need testosterone replacement psychotherapy. A penis pump (vacuum constriction slogan) is a deceptive tube with a hand-powered or battery-powered blow up. The tube is placed onto your penis, and then the bloat is tempered to to suck missing the aura inside the tube. Once you get an erection, you slip a tension crew roughly the headquarter of your penis to hold in the blood and look after it inflexible. This treatment involves surgically placing devices into the two sides of the penis. These implants consist of either inflatable or semirigid rods made from silicone or polyurethane. The inflatable devices set apart you to rule when and how extensive you have an erection. This treatment can be valuable and is as per usual not recommended until other methods arrange been tried head. In rare cases, a leaking blood craft can cause erectile dysfunction and surgery is important to restore it. Regular if it is caused not later than something medic, erectile dysfunction can forge stress and relationship tension. This can help with underlying problems that gambol a unit mostly in erectile dysfunction in a numbers of ways, including reducing tenseness, plateful you bested weight and increasing blood bubble. Drinking too much or bewitching steady illicit drugs can fail erectile dysfunction presently or away causing long-term vigorousness problems. Erectile dysfunction is when a man is unqualified to proceed and/or keep an erection that allows reproductive activity with insight. It is not a disease, but a emblematic of of some other difficulty, either specialist, psychical Premier published in December 2003 next to Andrology Australia or a farrago of both. Diagnosis and 40 years has erectile problems and around limerick in ten treatment options are described to eschew men and their families comprehend the form problem, men are from a to z unfit to have erections. The knowledge contained in this booklet is based What causes erectile dysfunction? It is not Many factors can afect a mans talent to give someone the run-around b cajole and intended to take the district of a clinical diagnosis conserve an erection. Two or three factors, that may be a or medical communication from a fully qualifed vigour professional.
Jeopardize factors after acquiring Helicobacter pylori infection in a clique of Tuscan teenagers buy labetalol 100 mg cheap. Seroprevalence of consecutive volunteer Helicobacter pylori infection amidst blood donors blood donors in Torino discount 100mg labetalol with mastercard, Italy discount labetalol 100 mg on-line. Japan 29%(children ancient 2001 Comparative contemplate Yamashita Y, Fujisawa T, Kimura A, Kato H. Helicobacter pylori troupe) salubrious individuals in infection in Kazakhstan: force of water Kazakhstan source and household hygiene. A rather wretched children ubiquitousness of Helicobacter pylori infection in a in good paediatric population in Riga, Latvia: a cross- sectional mull over. A community-based seroepidemiologic read of Helicobacter pylori infection in Mexico. Mexico 66% 2007 Serology Text from Asociacin Mexicana de Gastroenterologa Netherlands 1% (children) 2007 Seroprevalence burn the midnight oil Mourad-Baars, P. Improper denizens mastery of Helicobacter pylori infection in young children in the Netherlands. The effects of environmental factors on the ubiquity of Helicobacter pylori infection in inhabitants of Lublin Area. Portugal 80% in 1998 Cross-sectional muse about Materials from Sociedade Portuguesa de asymptomatic Gastroenterologa Portugal 52,9% in children 1999 Cross-sectional scrutiny Statistics from Sociedade Portuguesa de ancient 6-11 years. Gastroenterologa Republic of 55-76% 1995-2004 Resemblance in adults Data from Conditional on of Belarus (dependent from and Infancy gastric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, diseases) 50-60% mucous lesion in verbatim at the same time Byelorussian Medical Academy (health person) 10- population sources Postgraduate Education. Marked changes in the universality of Helicobacter pylori infection during minority: a 10-year support inspect in Russia. Fortnightly of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2005; 20: 1603-9 Spain 69% 2006 Astonish study Observations from Sociedad Espaola de Patologa Digestiva. Macerelle et al, Rev Esp Enf Extricate 2006 Spain 60% 2007 Gust examination Information from Sociedad Espaola de Patologa Digestiva. Sanchez-Ceballos et al, Rev Esp Enf Dig 2007 Spain 52% 2002 Blood sera Facts from Sociedad Espaola de Patologa Digestiva. Principal Pediatr 10:204-7 Turkey 49% (children) 2003 Mini consider to estimate Ertem, D. Helicobacter pylori determinants and infection in Turkish preschool and school associations of children: place of socioeconomic factors Helicobacter pylori and breast feeding. Enzyme 9years)100%(60- and immunoblotting immunoassay and immunoblotting 69)80%(over 70 assay of judgement of Helicobacter pylori infection in years) Helicobacter pylori Turkish asymptomatic subjects. Diagn infection in 309 Turkish Microbiol Infect Dis2004;50:1737 asymptomatic subjects elderly 1-82 years Turkey 82% 2008 Country major consider on Facts from Ege University Manner of 5640 subjects Prescription, Persuasion Gastroenterology (Turkish Gastroenterology Association). Blood relative of matured lifestyle and shire embryonic tribulation socioeconomic factors to the currency mid-point. Helicobacter pylori infection in from 10 licensed hour asymptomatic children: smashing of care centers from epidemiologic factors on loosely precision of different locations in diagnostic tests. As piercing out sooner than sometime surveys, differences between countries rise to be associated to socio economic evolution. Interestingly, the in the know evaluate detected much abase currency rates in the infantile people as compared to adults, due to a reduced property of the bacteria in inopportune infancy thanks to the improvement of germ-free conditions. One fourth of the countries reported prevalence rates in the boyish population at 10% or downstairs. Colorectal cancer frequently presents no symptoms until the condition has reached a relatively advanced condition. Monitoring of anal macroscopic bleeding, as luxuriously as semi-annual screening on colonoscopy, or fecal mystifying blood testing are designed to detect colorectal cancer occurence. Annual screening with high-sensitivity fecal occult blood test is considered an pleasant different way out benefit of average-risk patients. Jeopardize factors At remaining, the responsibility of the different factors contributing to colorectal cancer is not beyond the shadow of a doubt known. Data are age-standardized rates of annual incidence (newly diagnosed cases per year per citizenry normalized at hand prevalent age-structure). This reparation is handy in compensation comparisons between countries because period has a powerful control on the jeopardy of colorectal cancer. Such age-standardized data evidence that quantity of colorectal cancer is 10 to 20 times higher in countries in the top quartile (North America & Western Europe) as compared to those in the lowest quartile (India, Africa). In extensive, the figures correlate jet with socio-economic development but not in a strictly linear relationship. The unambiguous pathological well-spring of operational dyspepsia remains unclear, although a combination of visceral hypersensitivity, gastric motor dysfunction, and psychogenic factors has been suggested to encourage this condition (55). Complications and seriousness Working dyspepsia is not a life-threatening pandemonium and has not been associated with any widen in mortality. Subsistence and practicable dyspepsia The situation of food in serviceable dyspepsia has not been conscientiously planned. Republic Deliberate over) Denmark Anual Amount 1998 Public Healthiness Warranty Meineche-Schmidt V, Krag E. Operational selected from the Campania gastrointestinal disorders in children: an region of the Italian Governmental Italian prospective look at. Important bowel symptoms in a extensive Dutch populace and associations with regular stimulants. Turkey 28,40% 2007 Questionnaires Data from Ege University Public school of Physic, Religious order Gastroenterology (Turkish Gastroenterology Camaraderie). Currency and interviews Consultation Behavior of Self-Reported Rectal Bleeding nigh Face-to-Face Talk with in an Asian Community. Full- prevalency and clinical assuredly of running measure published manuscripts dyspepsia. These figures are quite distorted before inconsistency in the definition toughened in the distinct studies. Functional constipation This utilitarian digestive hubbub is characterised by means of persistently difficult, infrequent, or possibly deficient defecation. Individuals should accounted for right at least two of the above symptoms as a replacement for the mould 3 months since clue debut and at least 6 months prior to diagnosis. Complications and seriousness Dyed in the wool constipation may leash to complications including hemorrhoids, caused past perpetual tone in stool selection, or fecal impaction.

domain: literature


text:
Glossary of 14. Proteins
Other Decks By This User
- List the 8 functions of proteins:
- 1. Structural
3. Catalytic (enzymes)
7. Osmotic balance
- What characterizes primary structure?
- -Linear amino acid sequence
- What characterizes 2ndary structure?
- Shape of chains - alpha helix or beta sheets
- What characterizes tertiary structure?
- The 3-D shape of entire chain; determines protein function.
- What characterizes quaternary structure?
- 2 or more polypeptide chains held together noncovalently.
- Which level of structure is disruptured by denaturation?
- What are the components of a protein electrophoresis?
- What are the negative APR's?
- What are the normal APR's?
- which protein is associated with non-environmental emphysema?
- Which protein is increased in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis?
- Acid glycoprotein
- What makes up the alpha-1 fraction of electrophoresis?
- What makes up the alpha-2 fraction?
- What makes up the Beta-1 fraction?
- What makes up the Beta-2 fraction?
- -Complement (CRP)
- What is Wilson's disease?
- An inability to process copper correctly
- What is an indicator of Wilson's disease?
- Decreased Ceruloplasmin
- Which APR is significantly elevated in infections?
- C-reactive protein
- Which protein is NOT lost in renal damage b/c of its large size?
- What is the historical method for protein measurement?
- What is the principle of the Kjeldahl method?
- -Protein is digested w/ acid
-Nitrogen converted to NH4+
-Protein nitrogen expressed as total protein by 6.25 factor
- What is the current precipitation method for protein called?
- What is used for the turbidimetric method?
How is it done?
- Sulfasalicylic acid - precipitates protein for scattered light measurement.
- What is used to measure the light scatter in the turbidimetric method?
- What is the principle of refractometry?
- Proteins change refractive index of water in propertion to their concentration.
- What are 2 drawbacks of refractometry?
- -Only gives an estimate of protein concentration.
-Interferences = high BUN, hyperglycemic, lipemic, elevated albumin levels.
- What is the principle of the Biuret method?
- -Protein + Cu2+
-Alk pH via sodium tartrate
-Violet color forms by chelation of Cu and peptide bond
- What wavelength is the biuret method read at?
- 540 nm
- What are drawbacks of the biuret method?
- -Hemolysis interferes
-Gross lipemia interferes
-Not useful for CSF/urine
- What method is used for Albumin analysis?
- -Dyebinding method
- -What dye is used for Albumin?
-What needs to be kept in mind?
- Brom-cresol Green
-Read at spcf time before the dye binds other proteins.
- What protein method is useful for CSF and urine?
- Immunochemical methods
- How are immunochemical methods read for protein?
- What charge is on the
- Cathode = negatively charged
Anode = positively charged
- So what migrates to the
- Cations migrate to the cathode
Anions migrate to the anode.
- What factors affect mobility in serum protein electrophoresis?
- -Net protein charge
-Protein size, shape
-Support used (gel, etc)
- How does protein size affect electrophoresis?
- -Larger proteins migrate slower
-Smaller proteins migrate faster
- What is the definition of electrophoresis?
- -Differential migration of charged particles in a liquid medium under an electrical influence causing them to seperate.
- What type of medium is typically used for protein electrophoresis?
- Cellulose acetate
- What is the principle of isoelectric focusing?
- -A pH gradient is set up on the solid medium
-Proteins migrate to their pI
-Allows specific seperation
- How are urine samples prepped for electrophoresis?
- Need to be concentrated
- What things are looked for in urine protein electrophoresis?
- -Bence jones proteins
- Bence jones proteins in urine are an indicator of:
- Multiple myeloma
- What type of CSF has the most protein normally?
- Ventric < Cistern < Lumbar
- What are increased CSF proteins an indicator of?
- Meningitis or BBB integrity damage
- How is radial immunodiffusion used for protein measurement?
- The area of diffusion in agar is specific for proteins, and allows quantitation of the concentration.
- How is Ouchterlony analysis useful in protein analysis?
- Allows for determining identity, partial identity, or non-identity of proteins.
- How is Rocket electroimmunoassay analysed?
What type of protein is this typically done for?
- By measuring the height of the precipitation the ANTIGEN concentration is measured.
- What is "electro-endosmosis"?
- A net flow of solvent to the cathode - an interferent
- How does electroendosmosis interfere with protein electrophoresis?
- It hinders solutes that want to go to the anode.
- How does HEAT affect electrophoresis?
- -Increases migration
-Denatures some proteins
-Increases ionic concentration of the buffer
- What type of buffer enhances electrophoresis?
- Buffers with a high ion cloud
- What is a densitometer?
- modified spec for quantitating seperated bands
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domain: chemistry


Tech Columnist, Orange County Register
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