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Have you ever wondered if Betta fish like music? Many people believe that playing music for their aquarium pets can be beneficial, but is it true for Betta fish?
Betta fish are known for their vibrant colors and energetic personalities. They have become one of the most popular freshwater fishes to keep in home aquariums. However, when it comes to their preferences towards sound and music, there are still many unanswered questions.
“Music has a powerful impact on our emotions and behaviors. It’s no surprise that pet owners would want to share this experience with their beloved aquatic companions.” -Unknown
Different studies show mixed results regarding the effects of music on fish behavior. Some suggest that playing relaxing sounds such as classical or meditation music may reduce stress levels for Betta fish while others argue that they don’t perceive any difference at all.
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the science behind the question “Does Betta Fish Like Music?” and explore how environmental factors such as water temperature, lighting, and tank decor might influence their response to various types of music.
If you’re curious about what your Betta fish thinks of your favorite tunes, then read on!
What is the Effect of Music on Betta Fish?
Betta fish, also known as Siamese fighting fish, are colorful and highly prized territorial pets. They can recognize their owners and show off their impressive fins in response to stimuli such as food or light changes. But what about music? Does it have any effect on these beautiful creatures?
The Science Behind Music and Betta Fish
One study published in the journal Aquatic Biosystems found that betta fish do react to various levels and types of sound. The researchers played different genres of music for the fish while monitoring their behavior. They noted visible signs of interest and agitation when high-pitched tones were played, but the fish were generally calmer and more relaxed when classical music was played.
This is because fish are sensitive to vibrations, which are created by sound waves traveling through water. When there is a lot of noise or disturbance, such as from sudden movements, loud sounds, or bright lights, fish can become stressed or agitated. However, when soothing sounds like gentle music or nature noises are introduced, they can help promote relaxation and reduce stress levels.
How Music Affects Betta Fish Behavior
Much like humans, betta fish can be influenced by the music around them. In fact, some pet stores even play music in the area near the aquariums to create a calming environment for the fish and to encourage them to display their vibrant colors and swim around actively.
But not all types of music have the same effect. High-pitched and aggressive music can cause stress and anxiety in betta fish, just as it would with most animals. This is because it overstimulates their senses and makes them feel threatened. Rather, slow and smooth background music seems to soothe these fish and help them relax. Owners should choose music with a slow tempo and no sudden or loud changes in volume or tone.
Benefits of Playing Music for Betta Fish
The benefits of playing music for betta fish are not just limited to lowering stress levels. As mentioned before, soothing background music can actually encourage these colorful creatures to swim more actively and display their full range of colors. Not only does this make for a visually stunning display, but it also promotes better health. Active swimming helps prevent lethargy and encourages good circulation.
Playing music can also help stimulate the brain of betta fish. According to an article published by ScienceDaily, listening to music activates various parts of the human brain, including those involved in memory and emotion processing. While we cannot be sure how betta fish perceive or process music, researchers believe that exposure to different sounds could potentially have beneficial effects on their cognitive abilities and overall wellbeing.
“Music is considered tranquility for man and animal, and although people may benefit from music therapy with both physiological and psychological improvements, it has remained unknown whether species other than humans respond to music.” -Aquatic Biosystems
Music does indeed have an effect on betta fish. It can either promote relaxation and active swimming or cause stress and anxiety depending on the type of music played. Owners should choose soft, calming melodies and avoid sharp, high-pitched tunes. When done well, playing music for your pet betta fish can help improve their overall health and happiness.
Can Betta Fish Hear Music?
Betta fish are one of the most popular pets because of their vibrant color and low maintenance. They can thrive in small aquariums or even bowls, making them a perfect addition to any home. Many people enjoy having music playing in the background of their homes, but does this have any impact on the well-being of betta fish? Can betta fish hear music, and do they like it?
Betta Fish Hearing Capabilities
Betta fish may be small, but they have excellent hearing capabilities. Unlike humans, who hear sounds between 20Hz to 20,000Hz, betta fish can detect frequencies ranging from 200Hz to 800Hz. This means that while they cannot hear high-pitched sounds, they are sensitive to mid-range frequency sounds.
Betta fish sense sound vibrations through their swim bladders, which is an air-filled sac located in their abdomen. The vibrations travel to their inner ear, where specialized cells called hair cells convert them into electrical signals that the brain interprets as sound.
How Betta Fish Respond to Music
While betta fish can hear music, whether or not they enjoy it is still up for debate. Some experts believe that playing soft, calming music such as classical music or nature sounds can soothe betta fish, making them more relaxed and less stressed. Others believe that loud music or bass-heavy songs can stress out betta fish, causing them to become agitated and anxious.
In reality, there is no conclusive evidence to support either claim. Most betta fish owners report little to no change in their pet’s behavior when music is played, although some bettas seem to enjoy watching their owner dance or sing along to upbeat tunes.
Importance of Volume and Frequency in Playing Music for Betta Fish
If you do choose to play music around your betta fish, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, the volume should be low, especially if you’re playing music with lots of bass or loud drums. Anything too loud can stress out your fish, causing them to hide or become agitated.
Secondly, you should stick to mid-range frequencies; anything too high-pitched will be difficult for your fish to hear, while anything too low may cause vibrations that could harm your pet. Soft classical music or nature sounds such as flowing water, bird chirping, or rain can be good options.
“Loud noise is one of the biggest sources of environmental stress on fish.” – Mark Diamond, The Guardian
Betta fish have excellent hearing abilities, thanks to their internal organs, which receive sound waves and convert them into electrical signals interpreted as sounds by their brains. While they can detect different types of music, whether or not they like it is still up for debate. Some bettas seem to enjoy watching their owners sing or dance along to upbeat tunes.
If you decide to play music around your betta, make sure to keep the volume low and stick to soft, calming sounds like classical music or gentle nature sounds. Avoid playing anything too loud or bass-heavy, which may disturb or stress out your beloved pet.
What Type of Music Do Betta Fish Prefer?
Many people enjoy playing music for their pets, including betta fish. However, the question arises: do betta fish actually like listening to music, and if so, what kind? Let’s dive deeper into this topic by examining different factors that may influence a betta fish’s music preferences.
The Role of Tempo in Betta Fish Music Preference
Betta fish are known for their beautiful and graceful swimming patterns. Researchers have found that playing slower tempo music can induce a calming effect on animals, including betta fish. In one study, researchers observed that betta fish showed a decrease in stress levels when exposed to classical music with a slow tempo compared to silence or high-tempo music. Therefore, it is possible that betta fish may prefer music with a slower tempo as it promotes relaxation.
The Influence of Genre in Betta Fish Music Preference
Genre plays an important role in determining music preference not just for humans but also for animals. While there is no research done specifically on betta fish’s music preference based on genre, we can infer from studies conducted on other animals that betta fish may respond differently to various types of music. For example, dogs may prefer reggae and soft rock while cats seem to prefer classical music. It is plausible that betta fish may have similar preferred genres such as calm instrumentals or even sounds of nature.
How Betta Fish React to Different Types of Instruments in Music
Instruments used in music can produce unique sound vibrations that create different moods and emotions for listeners. Therefore, it is vital to understand how betta fish react to different types of instruments when playing music. A study conducted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that zebrafish responded positively to trumpet music, specifically classical and jazz. The study also found that zebrafish became more socially active when exposed to faster-paced music. Although betta fish are different from zebrafish, it is possible that they may have similar responses to musical instruments.
The Impact of Music Complexity on Betta Fish
Music can vary in complexity depending on factors such as the number of instruments used or the rhythm. Researchers have found a correlation between higher brain activity and listening to complex music. Research conducted by Indiana University showed that plants grew better with complex sound vibrations compared to no sound or simple sounds. Although this study does not relate directly to betta fish, it raises the possibility that exposure to musically complex stimuli could be beneficial for these aquatic creatures.
- Playing a calming instrumental track with soothing melodies at low-volume for your betta fish’s aquarium setup can bring some sense of interaction and joy into their environment.
- It’s important to understand that every animal has a unique personality and preference, so it is best to pay attention to what works well with your betta fish.
“There’s something magical about music and the way it brings all kinds of living creatures together” – Unknown
Does Playing Music for Betta Fish Affect Their Behavior?
Betta fish have become one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fishes because of their vibrant colors and stunning fins. They are easy to maintain, but any pet owner would want to ensure that they live happy lives in their tank. One question that has been frequently asked by betta fish owners is whether they like music or not. Here, we will explore the possible positive and negative effects of playing music for betta fish.
Positive Changes in Betta Fish Behavior with Music
Several studies suggest that playing calming music such as classical pieces may provide a soothing environment for betta fish. Research conducted on goldfish shows that playing relaxing music can reduce stress levels and increase overall well-being. This result is not limited to just goldfish alone. In one study investigating the effects of music on several varieties of reptiles, amphibians, and animal lovers’ favorite; cats, researchers found out that slow-tempo instrumental music effectively lowered cortisol (stress hormone) levels in these animals.
In another study, it was discovered that playing music helped to lower heart rates and increased the swimming activity of Betta fish. Another researcher recorded results showing that playing acoustic soundscapes promotes higher natural swimming behavior amongst different species of fish including Betta. Therefore, adding a variety of nature sounds to your playlist could help mimic their natural habitat and positively influence your Betta’s behavior.
Negative Effects of Playing Music for Betta Fish
While there are indeed potential benefits to playing music for Betta fish, some concerns have also been raised about jarring noises and high decibels. Several types of research reveal solitary invasive noises sounding up for 20 minutes or more cause “acoustic trauma,” which essentially means physical harm caused due to excessive exposure to noise. Such harm includes impacted health, compromised immune systems and a decrease in cognitive ability.
Bettas have small ear bones behind their eyes that enable them to hear even delicate sounds. Thus, it is thought louder music can cause stress to the fish plus causing damage to their sensitivity of hearing in the long run. Knowing this, ensure you keep your volume low or, better yet, use headphones when listening to loud music near your betta’s tank, making necessary changes if you notice any signs of agitation in your Betta fish.
“Fish may respond to music they’re familiar with while calming classical tunes have shown to help maintain general well-being and reduce stress levels.”- National Geographic
To conclude, there is no blanket answer to whether betta fish like music or not. Some studies suggest that playing certain types of music or nature soundscapes can positively affect their behavior, while jarring noises can induce stress and ear damage. The jury is still out on which specific genres of music (if any) are most effective for improving Betta fish welfare but, until then, stick to quieter and slower tempo instrumentals to create a peaceful environment inside your betta’s aquarium.
Is It Safe to Play Music for Betta Fish?
Betta fish are stunning creatures that can be fascinating to watch. They have gained immense popularity among aquarists due to their vivid colors and low maintenance. And while it may seem unlikely, owners often wonder whether their pet betta would enjoy listening to some music.
Although there is no straightforward answer to this question, many people claim that playing music for betta fish can help them relax and reduce stress. However, before you decide to turn up the volume, there are a few things you should consider regarding the safety of your betta fish.
Risks Associated with Playing Music for Betta Fish
While certain types of music can soothe humans, the same cannot be said about all animals. In fact, some sounds may harm or even kill vulnerable pets, such as small birds, hamsters, and fish.
In addition, bettas, like most aquatic animals, have a lateral line which enables them to detect changes in water pressure. This means they can pick up almost every sound and vibration from outside their aquariums, including loud music or noises from machinery. Rapid vibrations caused by loud music might cause discomfort and confusion to your betta, leading to health problems such as loss of appetite, lethargy, or even death.
How to Ensure Safe Music Listening for Betta Fish
If you want to play music for your betta fish, there are ways to make sure they do not get harmed.
- Avoid Loud and Fast-Paced Music: Mellow classical music or ambient sounds such as raindrops, ocean waves, or white noise tend to have a soothing effect on most living beings. Conversely, high-pitched tones or bass-heavy music can be stressful and damaging to your betta’s delicate ears.
- Monitor Their Behavior: Observe your fish’s reaction when playing music for the first time. If they seem agitated, swimming frantically, or hiding in their shelter, it is best to turn off the sound immediately.
- Keep Speakers Away from the Tank: Place the speakers a safe distance away from the aquarium to minimize vibrations. Do not put the sound system on top of the aquarium as this may cause unnecessary stress and discomfort for your pet.
- Maintain Ideal Water Conditions: Keep an eye on water temperature, pH levels, and ammonia concentration. Betta fish are sensitive to changes in water quality and may get stressed if there is any fluctuation.
While there is no clear evidence that confirms whether betta fish like music or not, it is possible to play some calming sounds for them provided you follow specific safety measures. Playing soft background music at moderate volumes has been reported to help reduce stress and keep bettas entertained. However, every fish is different and so experimenting with different genres and volume levels may require a bit of trial and error until you find what works best for your fish friend.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do Betta fish respond to music?
Yes, Betta fish can respond to music! Studies have shown that Betta fish can recognize and respond to different types of music, including classical and pop music. They may even swim more actively or change their color in response to music.
What type of music do Betta fish prefer?
While there is no definitive answer, Betta fish seem to enjoy calm and relaxing music such as classical and soft rock. They may also respond positively to sounds that mimic the natural environment, such as flowing water or bird chirping.
Can playing music for Betta fish reduce stress?
Yes, playing music for Betta fish can help reduce their stress levels. Calming music can help create a soothing environment and relieve anxiety. However, it’s important to not play music too loudly or for too long, as it can also cause stress.
Does the volume of the music affect Betta fish?
Yes, the volume of the music can affect Betta fish. Loud music can cause stress and even physical harm, such as damaging their hearing. It’s important to play music at a reasonable volume and for a limited amount of time to avoid any negative effects.
Do Betta fish have different reactions to different genres of music?
Yes, Betta fish may have different reactions to different genres of music. Some studies have shown that they may prefer classical music over heavy metal, for example. However, each fish is unique and may respond differently to various types of music, so it’s important to observe their behavior and adjust accordingly.


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beautifully dramatic! :)
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And what a wonderful dusk it is!Here is my WW post for this week.Happy WW day!
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Debt Woes Continue
Solid, investment-grade companies, such as General Mills, are normally able to sell debt like Cheerios. But with the freezing up of credit markets worldwide, even the strongest firms are shying away. Between the time it takes and the increasing costs, it is a decreasingly attractive option right now.
FINANCES by Gabrielle Coppola | Bloomberg News
Before credit markets from New York to London seized up a year ago, investment-grade companies could sell record amounts of debt in days. It took Tyco Electronics Ltd. Treasurer Mario Calastri 12 months to complete the bond sale he began last July.
"In the current rate environment, nobody really wants to stick their neck out," Calastri, 51, says. He's one of more than 60 treasurers forced to wait months, reduce borrowings or accept less favorable terms as the turmoil that began a year ago stifles investor demand.
Issuers are paying about the highest borrowing costs since the last recession in 2001, according to Merrill Lynch & Co.'s U.S. Corporate & High Yield Master Index, as the lowest Federal funds rate in four years does little to pump up credit. The bond-market headwinds buffeting companies from Tyco to General Mills Inc. may thwart efforts by Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson to keep the economy out of recession with interest-rate cuts, stimulus checks and increased housing cash.
U.S. corporate-bond sales have dropped 11% to $640 billion in the past year as the number of issuers shrank almost a third to about 660, according to Bloomberg data.
At least 60 borrowers pulled debt sales since credit markets froze, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The yield gap between companies' debt and U.S. Treasuries soared as high as 421 basis points, the most in almost six years, according to Merrill Lynch's index. Companies are defaulting at the highest rate in more than two years, according to credit-rating company Standard & Poor's.
'Fever hasn't broken'
Companies including telephone-service provider Sprint Corp., of Overland Park, Kan.; New York-based specialty-finance company CIT Group Inc. and automaker Porsche Automobile Holding SE in Stuttgart, Germany, tapped bank credit lines this year as bond and short-term debt issuance dried up. The market for corporate commercial paper, securities maturing in nine months or less, has contracted 22% since its August peak to a two- year low of $1.73 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.
"The fever hasn't broken yet," says Lakshman Achuthan, managing director of the Economic Cycle Research Institute in New York. "The Fed is trying to address this. The question remains how effective it has been."
Tyco Electronics' Calastri offered inducements to lure buyers, including bowing to investor demands to pay a higher interest rate if the Bermuda-based electric-connector maker were to be downgraded. The company's debt is rated Baa2 by Moody's Investors Service and BBB by S&P and Fitch Ratings.
Quick as Cheerios
While General Mills, the second-largest U.S. cereal maker, sold $750 million of bonds on March 12, it scrapped plans for 10-year notes in favor of seven-year debt. An unexpected rise in yields over U.S. Treasuries made the longer-term borrowing too expensive, Treasurer Daralyn Peifer says.
The shorter-term borrowing may be less attractive than 10-year bonds to some borrowers because it forces them to return to markets sooner to refinance.
Getting the deal done took two months of waiting while demand plunged in January and February, the treasurer says.
"We basically watched, day by day by day, for months and waited for a perfect window," Peifer says. "And, lo and behold, we got a half a window."
The company paid 240 basis points more than U.S. Treasuries, compared with 95 basis points on 10-year debt in January last year. General Mills returned to sell $700 million of five-year bonds last week with a spread of 205 basis points, the most it has paid above Treasuries on that maturity. A basis point is 0.01 percentage point.
Only last year, Minneapolis-based General Mills could sell bonds almost as fast as Cheerios, the breakfast cereal it began making in 1941. Companies were selling an average $26 billion of bonds a week and investment-grade borrowers were paying yields over Treasuries of an average 91 basis points.
The company is rated Baa1 by Moody's and BBB+ by S&P.
Investors, flush with cash, were so eager to buy corporate debt they agreed to purchase bonds that included few provisions, or covenants, dictating the amount a company could borrow or providing extra payments, known as step ups, if an issuer were downgraded.
Then two Bear Stearns Cos. hedge funds imploded in June as defaults on subprime mortgages reached record levels, prompting investors to flee all but the safest debt. A year ago this week, Paris-based BNP Paribas SA halted withdrawals from three investment funds and the European Central Bank pumped unlimited cash into the banking system for the first time to relieve the credit crunch.
The Fed cut the discount rate, the benchmark at which it makes direct loans to banks, 50 basis points to 5.75% the next week, the first of nine such reductions.
As markets froze, investors, bankers and company treasurers were forecasting no more than a few tough months.
"We thought it was kind of a second-half-of-2007 issue," says Brad Lutz, a vice-president of investment research at Declaration Management and Research in McLean, Virginia, which oversees $21 billion in fixed-income assets. "That's bled into the third quarter of 2008."
Lutz says he isn't buying most company bonds. The slowing economy and rising defaults may limit returns on company debt, he says.
Default rates may climb as high as 10.9% by 2010, the highest since the last recession in 2001, compared with 2% during the past 12 months, according to Martin Fridson, chief executive officer of Fridson Investment Advisors in New York.
The squeeze is being felt around the globe. European corporate debt sales tumbled 19%, to 476 billion euros ($741 billion) in the first seven months of 2008. In Asia, offerings are down 51% to $14.9 billion.
Joung Kyu Kim, a funding manager at Seoul-based Woori Bank, canceled a $500 million bond sale in February as borrowing costs rose. Woori, a unit of South Korea's third-largest financial services company, may instead take out bank loans.
"I hope the market will improve in the second half of the year but negative sentiment is still prevalent," Kim says in an interview. Woori's senior debt is rated A1 by Moody's Investors Service, the sixth level of investment grade, and two steps lower by S&P.
Investment-grade ratings are the top 10 rankings given to companies, ranging from AAA to BBB- at S&P and Aaa to Baa3 at Moody's.
Bond demand increased from March to May as investors bet the worst of the crunch was past. Investment-grade sales reached a record $122.3 billion in April and $128.5 billion in May.
In March, after Bear Stearns was bailed out, Merrill Lynch completed a $7 billion offering, its biggest, and ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steelmaker, sold a record $3 billion of debt. Sales this year still exceed those in the same period of 2006.
Merrill Lynch, based in New York, is rated A2 by Moody's and A by S&P. Luxembourg-based ArcelorMittal is rated Baa2 by Moody's and BBB+ by S&P.
Selling debt now is "like a surgical-strike campaign," says Jim Esposito, global head of the investment-grade business at Goldman Sachs Group Inc. "The prudent course of action is to get in and out quickly, because windows of opportunity don't last very long."
Some companies are prying the windows open by offering investors more favorable terms.
At least 14% of investment-grade bonds sold this year included so-called poison-put provisions, such as those offered by Tyco Electronics, allowing bondholders to sell the debt back. That compares with 11% offering the feature in the same period last year, Bloomberg data show. About 10% of bonds issued in July contained a step-up clause, five times the level of a year ago.
AutoZone Inc., the largest U.S. auto-parts retailer, included both on the $750 million of six- and 10-year notes it sold last month. It was the first time the Memphis, Tenn.-based company has added step-up protection to its bonds, and its first poison put in five years, Bloomberg data show. Autozone's debt is rated Baa2 by Moody's and BBB by S&P.
"We were happy to get it done because it's rocky," Treasurer Brian Campbell says in a telephone interview. "You have to be realistic. It's a tougher market for sellers than it is for buyers."
The difference between what the U.S. government and banks pay to borrow in dollars for three months, known as the TED spread, was at 111 basis points yesterday. That's more than double the 43 basis-point difference of a year ago.
High-yield, high-risk bond sales have shrunk by almost half to $58 billion as investors' appetite slumps. Spreads of about 8.14 percentage points are approaching the five-year high of 8.62 percentage points reached in March, according to the Merrill Lynch High-Yield Master II index. High-yield, or junk, debt is rated below Baa3 at Moody's Investors Service and under BBB-at Standard & Poor's.
In Europe, high-yield companies are all but shut out of the market. There have been no sales of junk bonds greater than 75 million euros ($117 million) by European companies since July last year.
Demand for debt that fueled a record $727 billion of leveraged buyouts dried up, leaving banks with $340 billion of loans and securities they couldn't sell. Companies including Alliance Boots Ltd., the Nottingham, England-based drugstore chain, abandoned plans to issue bonds.
Lutz at Declaration owns no high-yield bonds, compared with a typical allocation of 5%. When he buys, he chooses debt of energy and utility companies as well as makers of consumer goods that aren't hurt as the economy slows.
"While we've been cheering for the credit crisis to end, we haven't had strong enough convictions to commit capital," he says. "I can jump up and down and say, `Oh, it's the cheapest thing in the world,' but unless I actually buy the securities, that doesn't mean anything."


The government plans to include data regulation provisions in a new Digital India Act, Minister of State for Electronics and IT Rajeev Chandrasekhar said on Friday.
While speaking at an event at Foreign Correspondent Club on 5G, Chandrasekhar said the recently issued draft of Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) focuses on the protection of data of Indian citizens. “It (DPDP) does not intend to appoint a regulator and create regulation for the data ecosystem. That is down the road when we create a new bill for Digital India Act. This is a bill which narrowly focuses on data protection of consumers,” Chandrasekhar said.
The government has issued a draft of a new data protection bill after it withdrew the previous version of the bill from the Lok Sabha in August citing several overlapping rules in the modified version of the bill. Talking about 5G, the minister said that the next-generation technology is based on open technology ecosystem which provides India with an opportunity to lead the segment from just being a consumer of the technology.


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Metal stud and track machine steel drywall plasterboard roll former
Stud and track roll forming machine from Cangzhou zhongtuo can be changed in 20 minutes or less to produce different width and flange heights in different gauges of material.
An electro-mechanical adjustment is all that’s required to offer a wide range of stud and track widths on demand. With our stud and track roll former, you can produce studs and tracks in a wide range of material gauges and lip sizes from C stud 1 5/8 to C 6 and U track 1 5/8 to U 6 as gauge and sizes requirement.
Stud and Track Roll Former employs a precision flying shear to produce close tolerance parts on various widths and gauges of materials, you can choose by spacer change or tooling change or PLC change. For the speed, there is also 45m/min, 70m/min and 100m/min for you choose. All are custom designed and offer a variety of options for your specific application.
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Rapidly rising rents in Massachusetts and across the country are making housing unaffordable for a significant share of families and pushing many into homelessness, according to a study released Monday by Harvard University.
Massachusetts has the sixth-highest median rent in the nation as the supply of rental housing has failed to keep up with the surge in renters following the recent housing collapse and foreclosure crisis, according to the study from Harvard's Joint Center for Housing Studies. More than one in four renters here and nationally must spend more than half their income on their housing, a level the report described as "unimaginable just a decade ago."
"These are troubling trends," said Eric Belsky, executive director of the Joint Center for Housing Studies. "In this kind of situation, you worry about people's ability to get into any kind of rental housing."
The median rent in Massachusetts has climbed to $1,000 a month, according to the study. Hawaii had the highest median rent, $1,300, followed by Washington, D.C., at just below $1,200. And while median rents nationally have risen 7 percent to $861 a month in 2012 from $802 in 2000, median renters' incomes have fallen from $3,106 to $2,711 in the same period, the report said.
Another study of the local housing market, released in October, found that rents in Greater Boston were the third highest among the nation's metropolitan areas. Rents in Greater Boston averaged $1,800, compared to $1,300 a decade earlier, according to the study by Northeastern University researchers.
The climbing costs of rental housing are falling most heavily on the poor. In general, housing specialists say, paying more than one-third of income in rent can lead to other financial burdens for families. But nationally, more than 70 percent of families earning less than $15,000 a year pay more than half their income in rent, according to the Harvard study, compared to less than 1 percent of households earning $75,000 a year or more.
As rising rents take bigger shares of income, federal and state governments, including Massachusetts, have cut funding for housing subsidies, such as the federal Section 8 voucher program.
The result, housing advocates say, has been rising homelessness in states with fast-rising rents. A recent Department of Housing and Urban Development report said the number of homeless people in shelters and living on streets in Massachusetts has risen 14 percent since 2010 to nearly 20,000 in January 2013, even as homelessness declined nationally.
In Massachusetts, the number of families in the state's emergency shelter system rose to an all- time high last month, averaging more than 4,000 a night. The state spent a record $46 million last fiscal year to house families in need of emergency assistance in motels, up from about $1 million in 2008.
Angela Rascoe, 46, had to give up her Mattapan apartment in June, when she became sick, lost her job as a nanny, and could no longer afford the rent of $1,650 a month. She has since lived in emergency shelters, including a motel in Saugus, with her 18-year-old daughter, because she cannot find another apartment she can afford on her disability check.
They are now staying in a state-funded shelter in Mattapan, but the future is uncertain. She has applied for subsidized housing programs offered by the city and state, but waiting lists are years-long.
"I've never ever been in a situation like this where I had to go and ask for help," she said. "It's extremely hard."
John Drew, executive director of Action for Boston Community Development, a nonprofit social service agency, said the situation is only likely to get harder for Rascoe and other low- and moderate-income families. As the influx of highly paid technology, biotechnology, and other professionals drive housing prices higher, he said, the apartment building boom in the city is mainly adding luxury units, rather than affordable homes.
"Everyone is sitting back and watching the market-driven economy," Drew said. "There is no housing policy. Nothing that leads you to feel comfortable at all, to say, 'We have a way out of here.' "
State officials defend their policy efforts, calling them comprehensive but constrained by funding limitations. Massachusetts is one of four states to offer state-subsidized public housing, and this year alone increased the number of units the program funds by 3,000, said Aaron Gornstein, state's undersecretary for housing.
The state also has built or is in the process of building 4,500 affordable rental units this year, Gornstein said. Earlier this month, Governor Deval Patrick signed a $1.4 billion bonding bill to finance the rehabilitation and construction of more public and affordable housing.
"We just have to keep focusing on helping families access affordable housing with the resources we have," Gornstein said, "and make the best use of the existing resources that the Legislature has provided to us."
Kelly Turley, director of legislative advocacy for the Massachusetts Coalition for the Homeless, said the state has done more than many others to address the need for affordable housing, but rising rents, wage stagnation, and stubbornly high unemployment have outstripped those efforts.
"The state has made unprecedented investments in housing and homelessness prevention and emergency services," she said, "but at the same time, it's not enough to match the need to address the gap between incomes and what it costs to live in Massachusetts."
Libby Hayes, executive director of Homes for Families, a Boston advocacy group, said the state's efforts have been to put a "Band-Aid on a big gaping wound." Patrick, she added, has not aggressively addressed the issue as a rising tide of families fill state shelters and motels.
Megan Woolhouse can be reached at email@example.com.

domain: economics


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Haggerty: Some athletes redefine what it means to win
Lately, maybe more so than ever, it’s in short supply.
But it was found in the last week in a place not always associated with the word — high school athletics.
When Keio bowed out of the Class C boys basketball playoffs, it did so literally.
First a player bowed to Keio’s student fans upon leaving the game against North Salem late in the fourth quarter.
Then, with fewer than 30 seconds left, star Tosho Tomi, who had 18 points, exited.
But before sitting, he bowed his head to an official.
After the final horn, the team gathered, facing its student cheering section — the section, where kids stood, still cheering and where no one had yelled “air ball” or “overrated” or seemingly anything negative at North Salem’s players.
The players remained there for minutes, first talking to their fans, then chanting, both in their native Japanese.
When asked what they’d said, Tomi translated it to, “Thank you.”
Coach Stan Hamlet wasn’t surprised.
Since his kids are back in Japan mid-December until the second week of January, they miss out on many games and practices. They also don’t play fall ball or AAU.
So it’s doubtful they’ll ever end the season on top. But as winners? Yeah, every season.
"At the end of every practice, every single kid says, ‘Thank you, Coach.’ You can’t get better kids,” Hamlet said.
Of course, much of this is culture.
But class isn’t culture-restricted.
There’s a lot of talk here these days about winning. But sometimes that just means doing what’s right.
North Salem/John Jay skier John Emerson returned home from States last week with a new sweatshirt. No doubt he’d have preferred a medal.
But what’s a medal compared to integrity?
Emerson finished fifth out of more than 60 skiers in the boys downhill at the State Championships, a huge accomplishment.
But his dad, Tony, videotaped his run. And enlarged in slow motion on a computer it showed John straddled one gate.
It was so brief, so small he hadn’t noticed, nor had the gate judge, nor his coach, Tom Adamec.
The 15-year-old sophomore could have accepted his fifth-place medal with no one the wiser.
Instead, he found girls coach Chris Reinke before the night’s awards banquet. They then went to meet supervisor Dennis O’Brien and Emerson disqualified himself.
Emerson would like to think nine out of 10 kids would have done the same.
But O’Brien said no one had done this in his 23 years at the State Championships.
New York State Public High School Athletic Association Director Robert Zayas, who was at the dinner, had never heard of any high school athlete doing this. Impressed, he’ll open his speech at the upcoming state Athletic Administrators Conference talking about it.
“John turning himself in is exactly what high school sports is all about. He had the opportunity to show he had integrity and values sportsmanship,” he said.
“As a coach, I was proud of him. It was phenomenal,” Adamec said.
“It was an act that was selfless, honest, compelled by integrity and most of all loyalty to oneself.”
Rather than waiting as planned to decide winners following the next day’s giant slalom, meet officials awarded Emerson one of two Section 1 sportsmanship sweatshirts then and there.
Skiers, coaches and parents from every section also gave him a long standing ovation.
If life were fair, Emerson would have medaled in the GS, his favorite event.
Instead, near the end of a very good run, he hit a bump and again DQ’d.
Still, he wouldn’t change what he did after the slalom.
“I’m definitely more happy than if I had been standing on the podium. It wouldn’t have been fair,” he said, noting someone deserving wouldn't have gotten a medal.
Someday that sweatshirt will either wear out or, stashed in a drawer, be forgotten.
But Emerson should never forget what he did — how he raced faster than more than 55 kids, how he had an almost perfect run. Then how, choosing sportsmanship over a medal, he became the true king of the mountain.


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The nine young playwrights chosen by the annual Young Playwrights National Playwriting Competition arrive in New York City Oct. 30 for a week long conference during which their plays will be read and various theatre professionals will serve as mentors to the teenage writers.
This year's winners with their ages and play titles are:
Nell Chamberlin, 17, Five Disc Changer
Katy Domogla, 18, The Hour E
Veronica Rahal Hadda, 17, Sunsets and Moon-lit Pools
Karin Evelyn Haug, 17, How to be a Successful Teenager
Jeb. G. Havens, 17, Conference Time
Catherine Keyser, 18, Welcome Home, Virginia Woolf
Kendra L. Levin, 16, Requiem for a Priest
Kyle McCarthy, 16, Tracks
Jason Newbern, 18, It's Hard Work Being a Playa
While in New York, the winners will catch performances of Copenhagen, Rent, The Seussical, Fully Committed, Les Mizrahi and The Beginning of August with after play discussions with Roger Bart, Neil Pepe and Tom Donaghy. Workshops will be hosted by lyricists Lynn Aherns and Nan Knighton and there will be the annual Chinese dinner at the home of Pulitzer, Oscar and Tony Award winner Alfred Uhry.
The week concludes in staged readings of the plays Nov. 2 and 3 at the Miranda Theater and Nov. 4 at New Dramatists. From these readings, brought to life by professional directors, actors and stage managers, the annual Young Playwrights Festival plays will be chosen for full production Off-Broadway. Past Young Playwrights winners have included Rebecca Gilman (Spinning Into Butter), Keith Glover (Thunder Knocking at the Door), Kenneth Lonergan (This is Our Youth), Kate Moira Ryan (The Autobiography of Aiken Fiction) and Jonathan Marc Sherman (Sophistry).
For more information on the Young Playwrights, call (212) 307-11140 or visit them on the web at http://www.youngplaywrights.org.
-- By Christine Ehren

domain: literature


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domain: hobby


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Netmarble has released its latest open-world RPG, A3: Still Alive, for iOS and Android. To celebrate, they will be hosting a live stream over on their Twitch channel at 1 pm PT where they'll provide deep insights into what players can expect from the game.

There will also be several-in game ways to celebrate the release of the A3: Still Alive too. This includes the pre-registration rewards which will give players the following:
200,000 Gold, 100,000 Mana Stones, and 60 Topazes1x 3-star Hannemorin Soulstar1x 60-level Heroic-grade Armor
In addition to this, there will be a Server Launch Celebration Check-in Event which will net players various items including a 5-star Soulstar selection chest simply for logging in. They will also receive a Special Ancient-grade Weapon and other rewards after making their first in-app purchases.

There will also be more rewards on offer for achieving certain levels with extra items on offer for those who hit those levels first. Beyond that, the 6-star Chotaring Soulstar can be obtained depending on how many Diamonds players use. Finally, players will have seven days to receive medals for completing Starter Guide Missions, which can then be exchanged for even more items.

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Nomad Games is bringing the classic board game Fury of Dracula to mobile on 17th February. Previously it was available as a digital title on PC released last year and as a physical board game from Games Workshop before then.

As you may guess from the title, the game’s story is based on the Count Dracula character which allows you to re-experience the iconic gothic horror in a new way. You can play as either of the four hunters: Dr. Abraham Van Helsing, Dr. John Seward, Mina Harker and Lord Arthur Godalming, in their mission to stop Dracula’s menace, or you can instead choose to play as the Count himself wreaking havoc increasing the vampire influence all over Europe.

Fury of Dracula is all about hidden movement and teamwork. The hunters must coordinate their moves to ensnare Dracula. Each one has their own unique stats and abilities which may not work efficiently on their own, but can be a powerful force when combined with the other three.

Meanwhile, Dracula has a bunch of tricks up his sleeves to misdirect and hide from the hunters, including powers that allow him to transform and enthral humans, as well as transforming into a bat to escape.

Based on the fourth physical edition of the Fury of Dracula board game which released in 2019, this digital edition promises to be a faithful adaptation of the iconic board game and original story by Bram Stoker. It also has features that can only really be formed together as a video game, such as having a chilling, atmospheric soundtrack and haunting animations.

You will be able to download Fury of Dracula: Digital Edition from the iOS App Store and Google Play for Android on 17th February. It’ll be a paid title but we don’t know what the price tag is just yet.
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domain: entertainment


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Story and Photos by Ty O’Neil
Scroll below the story for a gallery of images from the opening reception.
The historic Lincoln Hall on the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) campus was the backdrop for an opening reception unveiling “Saddletramp: The Nevada Discovery Ride” exhibit Feb. 15, organized by the Shared History Department. Anita Watson, coordinator of the Shared History Program at UNR, kicked off the evening’s events by introducing Samantha Szesciorka, the sole rider of the over 1,000-mile journey.
Szesciorka shared images and accounts of her trip with the intimate crowd. Despite the length of her trip, from the geographical center of Nevada and eventually ending in Reno, she was the only rider, and her husband was the entire support crew. She rode a mustang named Sage that had been gelded and gone through the mustang training program at the Carson City prison. Szesciorka said the she immediately connected with Sage the first time they met.
The audience listened as Szesciorka related the story of a sad encounter early in her trip. Just eight days in they came across a wounded young wild horse that became attached to Sage, refusing to leave his side. She explained how young males get kicked out of a herd by the stud when they reach breeding age. This is often violent, and the young horse showed physical evidence of a rather nasty fight. With hundreds of miles of trail ahead of them, and because of laws regarding wild horses, Szesciorka and Sage were forced to leave the young horse behind. She mentioned that she would like to return someday and see if the young horse they had dubbed Oscar was still in the area.
Some statistics from her journey:
- Over 1,100 miles
- 74 days
- Eight counties
- Two state parks
- One town
- Highest elevation: 9,172 ft.
- Lowest elevation: 4,214 ft.
The wildlife and the beauty of the Nevada Mountain ranges were a focus of Szesciorka’s talk. While most of the wildlife remained uninterested in the lone rider, wild horses were an exception. Territorial by nature, studs defending their territory charged Sage, Samantha, and pack dog Bella. This became commonplace, and thanks to a plastic bag on a riding crop the studs could be scared off rather quickly. That is, except for the story she told of a red roan stallion that charged and roared (yes, roared) at Sage. Samantha ran to defend Sage, plastic bag and all, while her husband caught images of the encounter and documented the sheer size of the stallion.
After Szesciorka’s presentation the audience moved to down the hall to a tall, well-lit glass cabinet filled with artifacts from the trip and a refreshments table. The crowd gathered around taking the opportunity to ask about the item. Two of the most discussed items were a worn-through pair of Easy Boots, similar to hiking boots but for equines, and Szesciorka’s modified crop/plastic bag wild horse deterrent. The exhibition will be on display until early May.
[clickToTweet tweet=”Photos: UNR Exhibit Features Wild Horses, Thousand Mile Journey Across Nevada” quote=”Photos: UNR Exhibit Features Wild Horses, Thousand Mile Journey Across Nevada”]

domain: geography


text:
Alon Neuman was born in Haifa, Israel. He is an actor, known for Merhav Yarkon (1997), Inyan Shel ...
17 June 2020
The Guardian - Film News
The Day After I'm Gone review – stylish study of a grieving father and daughter
Look back at our favorite moments throughout the year, from award shows to up-close shots of celebrities.
See the gallery


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For 14 years I created and ran a sequence of art therapy courses for senior citizens in my city. Since I knew I was going to have numerous guests, I purchased crafts that the youngsters might do without much assistance...
Read more
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If something comes between you and your relationship with Christ, you’ll want to do away with it. Some people that I know have been unable to separate their fighting arts from dangerous issues. Creative Expressions and our Arts Workshops, preparing for this night’s mum or dad presentation. If you need to do that Reptile Relief project, you can find photos of the youngsters in school engaged on their art, and directions for the project, Reptile Camouflage, by going the 4th Grade Projects Gallery at Kids & Glitter.
The children can have a great time making these houses and the homes could be a nice addition to your Halloween décor. As the system gained more reputation, Western international locations started showing curiosity in Asian Martial Arts in the late 19th century. It seems that our obsession with targets within health and social care, has blinded us to the very people we ought to be caring for and the all-prevailing ‘administration tradition’ that dominates this sector is mirrored within the arts and cultural sector too. I love to observe kids create with their own minds…turn off the tv…shut off your phones get down on the floor and play with your youngsters. We had two giant expenses, particularly our annual exhibition and the rental for the hall. It was so simple – it confirmed me what drills to do in what order to help maintain instructing straightforward for me and fascinating for my youngsters. It immediately attacked the lack of a common normal” of martial arts ranking.
Ironically, kids now are most likely writing extra now than we ever did, through texting, email and feedback. Kids can craft masquerade masks for New Year’s eve occasion enjoyable and put on them to First Night celebrations, New Year’s eve parties or to your January 1 household get together. The initiatives described below communicate to the topic of holistic practices in community arts that may be integrated into inexperienced job training applications.
I favor the pure hues when I make a color chart, but nature has a stupendous manner of mixing all the colours in mild when she crafts a rainbow. I lower out yellow circles and put every kid’s identify on it. During the occasion, I added some double stick tape to the circle so the youngsters could stick it to the game board. I imagine that academics, looking for great Native American Indian crafts, might be happy with the variety of American Indian crafts proven in this article. This is a reasonably straightforward make – I really do not like crafts which are too fiddly and time consuming.


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Awakening Day (Buddhism)
Awakening Day is the anniversary of the historical Buddha's awakening (Mahayana tradition or branch of Buddhism).
Anniversary of the death of Bodhidharma (Buddhism)
Anniversary of the death of Bodhidharma, the 28th patriarch in the Zen tradition. Bodhidharma brought the Zen transmission from India into China (Mahayana-Zen in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, North America).
Kathina: During the month after the rainy season retreat, lay people may offer the Kathina-rbe as part of the general alms-giving ceremony. (Theravada)
Anniversary of the Death of Eihei Dogan Kigen (Buddhism)
Anniversary of the Death of Eihei Dogan Kigen. Eihei Dogan Kigen is the founder of the Soto Zen school in Japan.

domain: history


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domain: medical


For the safety of the passengers on a private jet flight, the air quality is very carefully controlled, with recent advances making it even more clean and fresh
The air we breathe – particularly in an enclosed space – has a huge impact on our health and wellbeing. Cabin air quality on an aircraft carries the risk of communicable diseases transmission. The overall risk of contracting a disease from an ill person onboard an airplane is similar to that in other confined areas for a similar time of exposure.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant shift towards flying private to avoid getting infected. However, how clean is the cabin air on a private jet? Given the enclosed nature of an aircraft cabin, some people worry that it is somehow more prone to holding onto pathogens or viruses than a larger or naturally ventilated space. But that’s not necessarily the case, especially in a private jet. On a private jet flight, the air quality is very carefully controlled, with recent advances making it cleaner still. There are a number of ways to ensure high quality cabin air on a private jet, but most private jet aircraft fall into one of two categories – 100 per cent fresh air systems or recirculated air systems.
In a 100 per cent fresh air system, air from the outside is brought in through the engines on a continuous basis, then compressed and sterilised before it enters the cabin. Vents and valves are used to extract air out of the cabin at the same time – typically resulting in the cabin air being replaced entirely every two minutes. As the air being brought in is continually refreshed, the circulation minimises the spread of viruses and bacteria.
Some private jets recirculate air within the cabin, which provides for better humidity control and temperature control. A recirculated aircraft air system still takes in some fresh air but then mixes it with air already in the cabin that is cleaned before being re-used. The proportion of recirculated to fresh air can vary from aircraft to aircraft, as does the speed at which the cabin air is replaced.
Some private jet aircraft manufacturers have introduced HEPA filter systems, which capture bacteria, viruses and other particles, before air is recirculated. A HEPA filter captures a minimum of 99.97 per cent of contaminants at 0.3 microns in size. These are the same filtering systems that are used in hospitals and other environments where sterile air is a priority.
CLEAN AIR, SAFE TRAVEL
Aviation Clean Air’s (ACA) NeedlePoint Bi-Polar Ionisation process is proven to immediately purify the air and surfaces and neutralise pathogens throughout the aircraft interior. ACA’s airborne and ground units stop the spread of up to 99.9 per cent of airborne and surface pathogens, including COVID-19, and are available for all models of business and commercial aircraft. The NPBI process also removes odours, dust and pollen, sterilises mould, neutralises common industrial gases and reduces static electricity. The system provides constant decontamination of the aircraft interior without using or introducing chemicals.
Aerometrix can provide airlines with key information regarding air quality, ventilation efficiency, equipment health monitoring and many other operational parameters
The ACA Component is not a filter. The ACA Component electronically creates positive and negative ions from Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules in the water vapor present in the air. This replicates natures’ cleaning process with nothing else added. These ions have the property of clustering around micro particles, gases, airborne mould spores, viruses and bacteria. As this occurs, a natural reaction takes place on the cell membrane surface of airborne biological(s) where they rob the harmful biological of a hydrogen atom. As a result, the pathogens are inactivated, and odours are disassembled naturally. The pathogen will not be able to reproduce and will quickly die and the odours are converted to virtually pure air thereby eliminating the threat of the pathogens and odours to human health and comfort.
The Airborne Air & Surface Purification System is added to the existing environmental control system (ECS) and works whenever the system is on during all ground and flight operations. With ACA’s Airborne System constantly purifying the cabin air and surfaces, passengers can safely and comfortably conduct business as usual.
HUMIDIFIER ONBOARD A PRIVATE JET
A VIP aircraft and a large-cabin bizjet requires active humidification from a high-performance system as all passive means are insufficient with marginal impact. CTT offers humidifiers and dehumidifiers for absolute control of humidity in an aircraft. CTT is the leading producer, designer and supplier of products that solves the humidity paradox in aircraft. Available for retrofit and line-fit on commercial aircraft as well as private jet completions, Humidifier Onboard is improving wellbeing and wellness in flight deck and crew rests on more than 1,000 widebody commercial airliners and close to 100 VIP aircraft. This highly appreciated climate feature has started to migrate to the premium passenger cabin and large-cabin, long-range business jets.
Cabin climate is key to the overall experience. A cabin climate optimised for wellbeing is all about replicating earth conditions. Temperature and humidity control is important. Extremely dry cabin air in a private jet cabin is not doing any good for passenger wellness and wellbeing. Modern large-cabin business jets have made great progress in lowering cabin altitude, reducing noise and vibrations, generating draft-free and fresher air, multiple temperature zones and advanced mode lightning. Humidity is the biggest deviator to what we are used to and built for. A significant increase of humidity is required to improve the performance of the cabin and elevate the total cabin environment experience.
Elevated humidity makes us feel better. We are always looking for the ways to differentiate. Innovation is experience centric. And experience comes through the senses. Anytime airlines can get more senses involved, the better. That transforms the experience to become more sensory. We feel, sleep and taste better. Arriving more ready to go. Less impacted from jetlag. Humidifier Onboard empowers wellbeing and transforms the dried-out cabin into one in which all cabin products and services can be experienced at their best. With air humidity at a ground-equivalent level, passengers stay hydrated and feel more balanced and at ease. A coveted VIP-passenger priority – sleep – also improves. VIPs arrive at their destination richer due to a better, richer and more sensory experience that leaves them refreshed, rested and ready to perform.
MONITORING AIR QUALITY ONBOARD
AEROMETRIX is the first global service to monitor passenger comfort, air quality and cabin systems on board aircraft. Covarians, a company that specializes in Internet of Things programmes for aviation, has launched a cabin air quality monitoring service.
The world service “Aerometrix” monitors air quality, passenger comfort and other environmental parameters. Aerometrix is based on a range of non-intrusive stand-alone sensors that can be installed without the need for aircraft modification, according to Covarians. The service provides airlines with information on thermal comfort, air quality, ventilation efficiency, equipment condition monitoring and many other operating parameters. Although modern aircraft generate giga bytes of data after each flight, very few relate to cabin environmental conditions and passenger’s experience. Introducing new sensors in aircraft requires a complex and costly modification process. Aerometrix is based on non-intrusive autonomous sensors installed on board the aircraft and connected to a data processing and analytics cloud. Aerometrix can provide airlines with key information regarding air quality, ventilation efficiency, equipment health monitoring and many other operational parameters. Covarians said its goal was “to make cabin air quality monitoring an affordable reality for airlines and passengers”.
“To ensure good measurement it is necessary to position the sensors at the most air quality representative spots within the cabin,” the company added. “Very often these spots are in plain sight of passengers so the sensors have to be as discreet as possible and match the finely crafted cabin style. Bearing all these requirements in mind, this is exactly what Covarians has achieved with Aerometrix sensors.” This has been a four-year long development programme with extensive experimentation. Over the past years Aerometrix sensors have flown more than 22,000 hours in regular passenger flights.
A HOSPITAL-HONED TECHNOLOGY
The Cabin Air Purification System (CAPS) from Villinger is now available for business jet operators to achieve purification and disinfection on board. It is based on patented LEA air disinfection technology, developed in close collaboration with virologists and medical engineers for improved air disinfection in hospitals during the pandemic. Villinger shares that in performance testing, executed by FDA-certified laboratory Aerosol Research & Engineering Labs, LEA achieved a microbial reduction rate of 99.99992 per cent of airborne viruses. “This proves CAPS’ capability to not only remove airborne pathogens and pollutants, but also inactivate them instantly,” says Markus Villinger, CEO at Villinger. “Doing so, CAPS operates without the formation of by-products such as ozone or NOx.”
CAPS is designed to have no considerable impact on the airflow rate within the air ducts, which Villinger says is a “large advantage over conventional filtration measures, such as HEPA”. LEA achieved the highest reduction rate he has seen in that short amount of time compared with conventional technologies such as UV or ionisers.
Depending on aircraft type and model, the required number of CAPS units is calculated by Villinger specialists prior to system integration, to achieve the best possible safety and hygiene.
GULFSTREAM DOUBLES DOWN ON CABIN AIR PURIFICATION
Gulfstream has further invested in customer health through plasma ionisation. The air purification system, which complements Gulfstream’s already 100 per cent fresh-air environment, has proven in lab tests to kill pathogens and allergens. Gulfstream’s plasma ionisation system, which operates whenever the aircraft environmental control system is active, works by emitting positive and negative oxygen ions that actively seek out and inactivate harmful molecules in the air and on surfaces. This process neutralises particulate matter — not just bacteria and viruses, but also unpleasant odours from organic material like cigarette smoke.
“The addition of the plasma ionisation system further enhances the cabin health benefits customers can expect from the signature Gulfstream Cabin Experience,” said Mark Burns, President, Gulfstream. “By adding such a system in tandem with already 100 per cent fresh air and the proven Gulfstream airflow design, customers can fly their families and teams with even more peace of mind.”
Even when running solely on an auxiliary power unit, the system produces thousands of ions throughout the entire aircraft, ensuring that cabin air remains pure and surfaces are disinfected while aircraft are prepared by pre-flight caterers, cleaning crews and FBO technicians alike.


Boston Red Sox prospect Will Middlebrooks has been named to the Arizona Fall League's Rising Stars game. The third baseman is playing for the Scottsdale Scorpions, for whom he is batting .250 with a .300 on-base percentage and a .518 slugging percentage in 13 games. The Arizona Fall League is a yearly post-season league made up of some of the game's best young prospects.â†µ
A fifth-round pick in 2007, Middlebrooks batted .302 with an .865 on-base plus slugging percentage in 96 games for Double-A Portland this season. He started the year in Class-A-Advanced and earned another promotion to Triple-A Pawtucket in late August. He struggled in 16 games at Triple-A, batting just .161 with a .200 on-base percentage.
Middlebrooks is expected by some to be the third baseman of the future for the Red Sox, so this distinction is certainly good news for the weary Red Sox faithful.â†µ
For complete coverage of the Boston Red Sox throughout the offseason, visit Over The Monster.â†µ


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I really loved Mighty Mango Naked Juice
At the start, my tongue was always throbbing for its tropical texture
Soothing me slowly just how I liked it
A cool wash that slithered down my body, a sensual avalanche that
Sunk into my stomach an alluring sensation that enticed me back
To the fridge, again and again.
But now the cool wash is growing familiar and
Stale. Leaving just the flavor that both bores and annoys me, every night
It'll lay next to me half finished
In a cup on my nightstand, my back turned to it so it can't see me wishing
That I'd taken my time, chosen a juice that hadn't excited my eyes
Now the jug just sees me on our brief morning meetings
Where I'll rush to grab my lunch for work and have to realize
It's still there living with me and rotting away. Becoming less
And less desirable.


GUWAHATI, Nov 29 � Prime Minister Narendra Modi today said that improving connectivity in the North East is one of the priorities of the Central Government. He also announced that the Government has decided to allow hundred per cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for development of the infrastructure of the Railways.
Formally inaugurating the Mendipathar-Guwahati railway line and laying the foundation stone of a railway line in Mizoram through video conferencing from the Railway Stadium Maligaon, the Prime Minister said that in addition to road, railway, waterways and air connectivity, the Government is also planning to include the North East in the Information Technology Highway. He said that the optical fibre network would be extended to the North East for development of the IT Highway. As the students of the North East learn English from a very young age, they would be able to take full advantage of the IT Highway.
Modi said that the Look East Policy would be transformed into Act East Policy by the Government of India and development of infrastructure is the key to development of the region. He pointed out that one highway transformed the economy of South Korea and similarly, development of infrastructure would change the economy of the North East. That is why, in the first Railway Budget of the present Government, an amount of Rs 28,000 crore was earmarked for the North East. The eight states of the North East have the potential of becoming the eight �Lakshmis� of the country, he added.
The Prime Minister said that most upper middle class people of the country visit abroad at least once a year. But with proper development of infrastructure, the states of the North East have the potential for becoming a major tourist destination. He said that efforts would be made to develop rail and road connectivity with the neighbouring countries like Myanmar and South East Asia.
Modi admitted that the Indian Railway is functioning with hundred year old infrastructure, he said that only introduction of new trains and adding coaches to the existing trains would not help in improving train services. He said that there is need for modernising the railways and upgrading technology. He said that the Government has decided to allow 100 per cent FDI in development of railway infrastructure. The Government has also decided to privatise some railway stations and around 10 to 12 stations would be privatised in the first phase. Malls and hotels would be set up in the vacant spaces near the stations.
The Government has also decided to establish four railway universities so that the Indian Railways gets trained manpower.
Addressing the function, Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi requested the Prime Minister to introduce bullet trains in Assam. He also said that the Centre should take immediate steps for improving connectivity.
The function was attended among others by the Governors of Assam and Meghalaya and the Chief Ministers of Mizoram and Meghalaya.
Earlier, Modi was received at the Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport by Chief Minister Gogoi, Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh and senior leaders of the BJP. This is Modi�s first visit to the region after assuming office as Prime Minister.
Modi will address the meeting of the heads of the police forces of all the states of the country tomorrow morning, which will be followed by a rally of the BJP functionaries.


WASHINGTON, Feb. 22 - In an action likely to reopen a national debate over whether doctors should be able to help terminally ill patients end their lives, the Supreme Court agreed on Tuesday to hear the Bush administration's challenge to the only state law in the country that authorizes physician-assisted suicide.
Oregon's Death With Dignity Act, the administration's target, was approved twice by the state's voters and took effect in November 1997. According to the state, in a brief filed last month, 171 patients have used the law to administer lethal doses of federally regulated drugs that their doctors prescribed for them.
In the administration's view, suicide is not a "legitimate medical purpose" under regulations that carry out the federal Controlled Substances Act. Consequently, the administration will argue before the Supreme Court, as it did unsuccessfully in the lower federal courts, that doctors who prescribe drugs for committing suicide violate the federal law and are subject to revocation of their federal prescription license. The license applies to broad categories of medications and is necessary, as a practical matter, for a doctor to remain in practice.
The Bush administration's position, announced in November 2001 by John Ashcroft, then the attorney general, reversed the response to the Oregon law by Janet Reno, the attorney general in the Clinton administration.
In a letter to Congress in June 1998, Ms. Reno said there was no evidence that Congress "intended to displace the states as the primary regulators of the medical profession" when it enacted the Controlled Substances Act in 1969. "The federal government's pursuit of adverse actions against Oregon physicians who fully comply with that state's Death With Dignity Act would be beyond the purpose of the C.S.A.," she wrote.Continue reading the main story
The federal government's change of heart in 2001 led the Oregon attorney general, Hardy Myers, to go to federal court to block the Justice Department's proposed enforcement order. A doctor, Peter A. Rasmussen; a pharmacist, David M. Hochhalter; and several terminally ill state residents joined the lawsuit as plaintiffs. The state won an immediate temporary injunction from the Federal District Court in Portland, which Judge Robert E. Jones made permanent in April 2002.
Voting 2 to 1, a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the injunction last May. "The attorney general's unilateral attempt to regulate general medical practices historically entrusted to state lawmakers interferes with the democratic debate about physician-assisted suicide and far exceeds the scope of his authority under federal law," Judge Richard C. Tallman wrote for himself and Judge Donald P. Lay, over the dissent of Judge J. Clifford Wallace.
The administration's appeal, Gonzales v. Oregon, No.04-623, which is now filed under the name of Mr. Ashcroft's successor, Alberto R. Gonzales, and which the Supreme Court will hear in October, argues that the Ninth Circuit's decision "stands the proper relationship between the federal and state governments under the Constitution on its head." The brief asked the court "to correct this serious misconception of the relative powers of state and federal governments."
The issue, the administration asserts, is "who gets to decide," whether "the attorney general, pursuant to a uniform national standard, or each of the 50 states, according to 50 different views regarding the proper use of controlled substances."
Although the justices have agreed to review the case, the "who gets to decide" argument on the merits may be a hard sell. The court has been notably deferential to the states, and eight years ago, in another assisted-suicide case, it appeared to invite continued state experimentation.
In that earlier case, Washington v. Glucksberg, the court rejected the argument that the Constitution itself gives terminally ill people a right to physician-assisted suicide. But at the same time, the justices were careful to make clear that they were not closing the door. Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist concluded his majority opinion with these words: "Throughout the nation, Americans are engaged in an earnest and profound debate about the morality, legality, and practicality of physician-assisted suicide. Our holding permits this debate to continue, as it should in a democratic society."
Although it has constitutional overtones, the new case essentially presents a question of administrative law, one that would be routine in most other contexts: is a federal agency's action authorized by its governing statute? The appeals court concluded that the Controlled Substances Act was addressed to "drug abuse and prevention," and that the attorney general had exceeded his statutory mandate by seeking to apply it to assisted suicide.
Despite the narrowness of the legal issue, the case is likely to galvanize debate over assisted suicide much as the 1997 case did. James Bopp Jr., president of the National Legal Center for the Medically Dependent and Disabled and a longtime lawyer for the National Right to Life Committee, announced Tuesday that he would coordinate "an all-out legal effort in support of the Ashcroft directive."
Eli D. Stutsman, a Portland lawyer who represents the doctor and pharmacist in the new case and who was also involved in the earlier litigation, said in an interview that renewed public attention would lead to increased understanding and support for the option of assisted suicide. Mr. Stutsman noted that of the 30,000 Oregon residents who die each year, only 20 or 25 have chosen to use the Death With Dignity Act.
The law contains precise procedures for informed consent, including an explanation to the patient of alternatives to suicide, like pain relief and hospice care. Two doctors must agree on the patient's mental competence, diagnosis and prognosis; there must be a "reasonable medical judgment" that the patient will die within six months of "an incurable and irreversible disease."Continue reading the main story


The Titusville, PA-based traditional maestros at Great Eastern Cutlery are readying a fresh batch of the H30 and H40, two hunting-style fixed blade models.
Both of these Hunter models are no-frills hunting knives in the classic mode. To that end, they both have a very traditional clip point blade shape, with a very mild clip to their tips. This consideration gives these knives necessary piercing capabilities while minimizing the chances of accidental punctures during field dressing. The generalized blade shape can also be fairly easily flexed into a general purpose outdoors role, too, suitable for everything short of chopping and batoning.
The difference between the two Hunter models comes down to blade length: the H30 is a little smaller, with a blade length of 4 inches, while the H40 runs to 4.5 inches in length.
If I am going to buy a GEC, I am going for one of their phenomenal slipjoints.View Linked Article


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Metro Vancouver Housing Update: April 2022
April saw buyer demand relax further across Metro Vancouver*, resulting in home sales returning to more traditional levels.
“So far this spring, we’ve seen home sales ease down from the record-breaking pace of the last year”, says Daniel John, Chair at the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver (REBGV). He adds, “While a small sample size, the return to a more traditional pace of home sales that we’ve experienced over the last two months provides hopeful home buyers more time to make decisions, secure financing and perform other due diligence such as home inspections”.
The data relating to real estate on this website comes in part from the MLS® Reciprocity program of either the Greater Vancouver REALTORS® (GVR), the Fraser Valley Real Estate Board (FVREB) or the Chilliwack and District Real Estate Board (CADREB). Real estate listings held by participating real estate firms are marked with the MLS® logo and detailed information about the listing includes the name of the listing agent. This representation is based in whole or part on data generated by either the GVR, the FVREB or the CADREB which assumes no responsibility for its accuracy. The materials contained on this page may not be reproduced without the express written consent of either the GVR, the FVREB or the CADREB.