Chapter 7. Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior
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Smoking tobacco or marijuana, taking prescription painkillers, or using illegal drugs during pregnancy is associated with double or even triple the risk of stillbirth, according to research funded by the National Institutes of Health. Researchers based their findings on measurements of the chemical byproducts of nicotine in maternal blood samples; and cannabis, prescription painkillers and other drugs in umbilical cords. Taking direct measurements provided more precise information than did previous studies of stillbirth and substance use that relied only on women’s self-reporting. The study findings appear in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology. “Smoking is a known risk factor for stillbirth, but this analysis gives us a much clearer picture of the risks than before,” said senior author Uma M. Reddy, M.D., MPH, of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the NIH institute that supported the study. “Additionally, results from the latest findings also showed that likely exposure to secondhand smoke can elevate the risk of stillbirth.” Dr. Reddy added, “With the legalization of marijuana in some states, it is especially important for pregnant women and health care providers to be aware that cannabis use can increase stillbirth risk.” The study enrolled women between March 2006 and September 2008 in five geographically defined areas delivering at 59 hospitals participating in the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network External Web Site Policy. Women who experienced a stillbirth and those who gave birth to a live infant participated in the study. The researchers tested blood samples at delivery from the two groups of women and the umbilical cords from their deliveries to measure the exposure to the fetus. They also asked participants to self-report smoking and drug use during pregnancy.
by Rowan Hooper BIOENGINEERS dream of growing spare parts for our worn-out or diseased bodies. They have already succeeded with some tissues, but one has always eluded them: the brain. Now a team in Sweden has taken the first step towards this ultimate goal. Growing artificial body parts in the lab starts with a scaffold. This acts as a template on which to grow cells from the patient's body. This has been successfully used to grow lymph nodes, heart cells and voice boxes from a person's stem cells. Bioengineers have even grown and transplanted an artificial kidney in a rat. Growing nerve tissue in the lab is much more difficult, though. In the brain, new neural cells grow in a complex and specialised matrix of proteins. This matrix is so important that damaged nerve cells don't regenerate without it. But its complexity is difficult to reproduce. To try to get round this problem, Paolo Macchiarini and Silvia Baiguera at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, and colleagues combined a scaffold made from gelatin with a tiny amount of rat brain tissue that had already had its cells removed. This "decellularised" tissue, they hoped, would provide enough of the crucial biochemical cues to enable seeded cells to develop as they would in the brain. When the team added mesenchymal stem cells – taken from another rat's bone marrow – to the mix, they found evidence that the stem cells had started to develop into neural cells (Biomaterials, doi.org/qfh). The method has the advantage of combining the benefits of natural tissue with the mechanical properties of an artificial matrix, says Alex Seifalian, a regenerative medicine specialist at University College London, who wasn't involved in the study. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.
Keyword: Development of the Brain
Link ID: 19029 - Posted: 12.12.2013
By Janelle Weaver Children with a large vocabulary experience more success at school and in the workplace. How much parents talk to their children plays a major role, but new research shows that it is not just the quantity but also the quality of parental input that matters. Helpful gestures and meaningful glances may allow kids to grasp concepts more easily than they otherwise would. In a study published in June in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Erica Cartmill of the University of Chicago and her collaborators videotaped parents in their homes as they read books and played games with their 14- or 18-month-old children. The researchers created hundreds of 40-second muted video clips of these interactions. Another set of study participants watched the videos and used clues from the scenes to guess which nouns the parents were saying at various points in the sequences. The researchers used the accuracy of these guesses to rate how well a parent used nonverbal cues, such as gesturing toward and looking at objects, to clarify a word's meaning. Cartmill and her team found that the quality of parents' nonverbal signaling predicted the size of their children's vocabulary three years later. Surprisingly, socioeconomic status did not play a role in the quality of the parents' nonverbal signaling. This result suggests that the well-known differences in children's vocabulary size across income levels are likely the result of how much parents talk to their children, which is known to differ by income, rather than how much nonverbal help they offer during those interactions. © 2013 Scientific American
Ian Sample, science correspondent Differences in children's exam results at secondary school owe more to genetics than teachers, schools or the family environment, according to a study published yesterday. The research drew on the exam scores of more than 11,000 16-year-olds who sat GCSEs at the end of their secondary school education. In the compulsory core subjects of English, maths and science, genetics accounted for on average 58% of the differences in scores that children achieved. Grades in the sciences, such as physics, biology and chemistry, were more heritable than those in humanities subjects, such as art and music, at 58% and 42% respectively. The findings do not mean that children's performance at school is determined by their genes, or that schools and the child's environment have no influence. The overall effect of a child's environment – including their home and school life – accounted for 36% of the variation seen in students' exam scores across all subjects, the study found. "The question we are asking is why do children differ in their GCSE scores? People immediately think it's schools. But if schools accounted for all the variance, then children in one classroom would all be the same," said Robert Plomin, an expert in behavioural genetics who led the study at King's College London. To tease out the genetic contribution to children's school grades, the researchers studied GCSE scores of identical twins (who share 100% of their genes) and non-identical twins (who share on average half of the genes that normally vary between people). Both groups share their environments to a similar extent. © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited
Taking some heartburn medications for more than two years is linked to a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in adults, a U.S. study suggests. Left untreated, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to dementia, neurological damage, anemia, and other complications. Knowing that stomach acid aids in vitamin B12 absorption, researchers set out to test whether suppressing the acids can lead to vitamin deficiency. The drugs in question are known as proton pump inhibitors and they include such well known brands as Losec, Nexium, Prabacid and Pariet. Doses of more than 1.5 pills per day were more strongly associated with vitamin D deficiency than doses of less than 0.75 pills per day, Dr. Douglas Corley, a gastroenterologist and research scientist with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in Broadway, Calif. and his co-authors said in Wednesday's issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. "This research raises the question of whether people who are taking acid-depressing medications long term should be screened for vitamin B12 deficiency," Corley said in a release. "It's a relatively simple blood test, and vitamin supplements are an effective way of managing the vitamin deficiency, if it is found." For the study, researchers looked at electronic health records of 25,956 adults diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency in Northern California between January 1997 and June 2011, and compared them with 184,199 patients without B12 deficiency during the same time period. Among the 25,956 patients who had vitamin B12 deficiency, 12 per cent used proton pump inhibitors for at least two years, compared with 7.2 per cent of those in the control group. © CBC 2013
By Ingfei Chen The way doctors diagnose Alzheimer's disease may be starting to change. Traditionally clinicians have relied on tests of memory and reasoning skills and reports of social withdrawal to identify patients with Alzheimer's. Such assessments can, in expert hands, be fairly conclusive—but they are not infallible. Around one in five people who are told they have the neurodegenerative disorder actually have other forms of dementia or, sometimes, another problem altogether, such as depression. To know for certain that someone has Alzheimer's, doctors must remove small pieces of the brain, examine the cells under a microscope and count the number of protein clumps called amyloid plaques. An unusually high number of plaques is a key indicator of Alzheimer's. Because such a procedure risks further impairing a patient's mental abilities, it is almost always performed posthumously. In the past 10 years, however, scientists have developed sophisticated brain scans that can estimate the amount of plaque in the brain while people are still alive. In the laboratory, these scans have been very useful in studying the earliest stages of Alzheimer's, before overt symptoms appear. The results are reliable enough that last year the Food and Drug Administration approved one such test called Amyvid to help evaluate patients with memory deficits or other cognitive difficulties. Despite the FDA's approval, lingering doubts about the exact role of amyloid in Alzheimer's and ambivalence about the practical value of information provided by the scan have fueled debate about when to order an Amyvid test. Not everyone who has an excessive amount of amyloid plaque develops Alzheimer's, and at the moment, there is generally no way to predict whom the unlucky ones will be. Recent studies have shown that roughly one third of older citizens in good mental health have moderate to high levels of plaque, with no noticeable ill effects. And raising the specter of the disorder in the absence of symptoms may upset more people than it helps because no effective treatments exist—at least not yet. © 2013 Scientific American
By Dan Hurley Darwin and Freud walk into a bar. Two alcoholic mice — a mother and her son — sit on two bar stools, lapping gin from two thimbles. The mother mouse looks up and says, “Hey, geniuses, tell me how my son got into this sorry state.” “Bad inheritance,” says Darwin. “Bad mothering,” says Freud. For over a hundred years, those two views — nature or nurture, biology or psychology — offered opposing explanations for how behaviors develop and persist, not only within a single individual but across generations. And then, in 1992, two young scientists following in Freud’s and Darwin’s footsteps actually did walk into a bar. And by the time they walked out, a few beers later, they had begun to forge a revolutionary new synthesis of how life experiences could directly affect your genes — and not only your own life experiences, but those of your mother’s, grandmother’s and beyond. The bar was in Madrid, where the Cajal Institute, Spain’s oldest academic center for the study of neurobiology, was holding an international meeting. Moshe Szyf, a molecular biologist and geneticist at McGill University in Montreal, had never studied psychology or neurology, but he had been talked into attending by a colleague who thought his work might have some application. Likewise, Michael Meaney, a McGill neurobiologist, had been talked into attending by the same colleague, who thought Meaney’s research into animal models of maternal neglect might benefit from Szyf’s perspective.
Link ID: 19017 - Posted: 12.11.2013
Researchers striving to understand the origins of dementia are building the case against a possible culprit: lead exposure early in life. A study spanning 23 years has now revealed that monkeys who drank a lead-rich formula as infants later developed tangles of a key brain protein, called tau, linked to Alzheimer's disease. Though neuroscientists say more work is needed to confirm the connection, the research suggests that people exposed to lead as children—as many in America used to be before it was eliminated from paint, car emissions, water, and soil—could have an increased risk of the common, late-onset form of Alzheimer’s disease. Even in small doses, lead can wreak havoc on the heart, intestines, kidneys, and nervous system. Children are especially prone to its pernicious effects, as it curbs brain development. Many studies have linked early lead exposure with lower IQs. Researchers estimate that one in 38 children in the United States still have harmful levels of the metal in their systems, but evidence linking this exposure to dementia later in life has been tenuous. A team led by toxicologist Nasser Zawia, however, has vigorously pursued the lead hypothesis. In one early study, from 2008, the group showed that plaques, insoluble globs of a protein called β-amyloid, marred the brains of five macaques that had consumed a lead-enriched formula as infants. The researchers had compared the preserved brain tissues from those macaques, sacrificed in 2003 at age 23 in a National Institutes of Health lab, with four similarly aged monkeys who had had lead-free formula. The amyloid plaques closely resembled those in the brains of adults with Alzheimer's disease that are thought to contribute to the dementia. © 2013 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Many physicians and parents report that their autistic children have unusually severe gastrointestinal problems, such as chronic constipation or diarrhea. These observations have led some researchers to speculate that an ailing gut contributes to the disorder in some cases, but scientific data has been lacking. Now, a provocative study claims that a probiotic treatment for gastrointestinal issues can reduce autismlike symptoms in mice and suggests that this treatment could work for humans, too. The reported incidence of gut maladies in people with autism varies wildly between published studies—from zero to more than 80%—making it difficult to establish just how commonly the two conditions go together, says principal investigator Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena. Overall, however, the evidence seems to point toward a connection. Last year, for example, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study of thousands of children with developmental disabilities found that kids with autism were twice as likely as children with other types of disorders to have frequent diarrhea or colitis, an inflammation of the large intestine. For many years, Mazmanian and his and colleagues have been studying the effects of a nontoxic strain of the bacterium Bacteroides fragilis on diseases such as Crohn's disease, which causes intestinal inflammation and allows potentially harmful substances that should pass out of the body to leak through junctions between cells that are normally tight. Although the researchers don’t understand the mechanism, the bacterium appears to restore the damaged gut, possibly by helping close these gaps. © 2013 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Link ID: 19009 - Posted: 12.06.2013
By Dana Smith Daniel Tammet has memorized Pi to the 22,514th digit. He speaks ten different languages, including one of his own invention, and he can multiply enormous sums in his head within a matter of seconds. However, he is unable to hold down a standard 9-to-5 job, in part due to his obsessive adherence to ritual, down to the precise times he has his tea every day. Daniel is a savant. He is also autistic. And he is a synesthete. Daniel experiences numbers as having color, as well as shape and texture. This helps him perform amazing mathematical feats seemingly without effort, the answer simply materializing to him rather than having to calculate it out. In an interview he gave with The Guardian, Daniel explained, “When I multiply numbers together, I see two shapes. The image starts to change and evolve, and a third shape emerges. That’s the answer. It’s mental imagery. It’s like maths without having to think.” Clearly this man has an extraordinary brain. However, Daniel is perhaps not entirely unique, and it appears that the link between autism and synesthesia is more common than originally thought. This suggests that there is a potential common mechanism between these two conditions, which may even help to explain some of Daniel’s special savant abilities. A new study published in the journal Molecular Autism from a team of researchers at the University of Cambridge now empirically shows that there is an almost three-fold higher occurrence of synesthesia in individuals with autism (18.9%), compared with that of the general population (7.2%). This increased prevalence implies that there is indeed a significant link between autism and synesthesia. © 2013 Scientific American
Link ID: 19008 - Posted: 12.06.2013
By CARL ZIMMER Scientists have found the oldest DNA evidence yet of humans’ biological history. But instead of neatly clarifying human evolution, the finding is adding new mysteries. In a paper in the journal Nature, scientists reported Wednesday that they had retrieved ancient human DNA from a fossil dating back about 400,000 years, shattering the previous record of 100,000 years. The fossil, a thigh bone found in Spain, had previously seemed to many experts to belong to a forerunner of Neanderthals. But its DNA tells a very different story. It most closely resembles DNA from an enigmatic lineage of humans known as Denisovans. Until now, Denisovans were known only from DNA retrieved from 80,000-year-old remains in Siberia, 4,000 miles east of where the new DNA was found. The mismatch between the anatomical and genetic evidence surprised the scientists, who are now rethinking human evolution over the past few hundred thousand years. It is possible, for example, that there are many extinct human populations that scientists have yet to discover. They might have interbred, swapping DNA. Scientists hope that further studies of extremely ancient human DNA will clarify the mystery. “Right now, we’ve basically generated a big question mark,” said Matthias Meyer, a geneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and a co-author of the new study. Hints at new hidden complexities in the human story came from a 400,000-year-old femur found in a cave in Spain called Sima de los Huesos (“the pit of bones” in Spanish). The scientific team used new methods to extract the ancient DNA from the fossil. “This would not have been possible even a year ago,” said Juan Luis Arsuaga, a paleoanthropologist at Universidad Complutense de Madrid and a co-author of the paper. © 2013 The New York Times Company
People with dementia who exercise improve their thinking abilities and everyday life, a body of medical research concludes. The Cochrane Collaboration carried out a systematic review of eight exercise trials involving more than 300 patients living at home or in care. Exercise did little for patients' moods, the research concluded. But it did help them carry out daily activities such as rising from a chair, and boosted their cognitive skills. Whether these benefits improve quality of life is still unclear, but the study authors say the findings are reason for optimism. Dementia affects some 800,000 people in the UK. And the number of people with the condition is steadily increasing because people are living longer. It is estimated that by 2021, the number of people with dementia in the UK will have increased to around one million. With no cure, ways to improve the lives of those living with the condition are vital. Researcher Dorothy Forbes, of the University of Alberta, and colleagues who carried out the Cochrane review, said: "Clearly, further research is needed to be able to develop best practice guidelines to enable healthcare providers to advise people with dementia living at home or in institutions. "We also need to understand what level and intensity of exercise is beneficial for someone with dementia." BBC © 2013
Link ID: 18999 - Posted: 12.05.2013
By James Gallagher Health and science reporter, BBC News The number of people living with dementia worldwide is set to treble by 2050, according to a new analysis. Alzheimer's Disease International says 44 million people live with the disease, but that figure will increase to 135 million by 2050. The figures were released ahead of the G8 dementia summit in London next week. In the UK, dementia research receives one eighth of the amount of funding that is spent on cancer, which charities say is insufficient. Alzheimer's Disease International expects increasing life expectancies to drive a surge in cases in poor and middle-income countries, particularly in South East Asia and Africa. Currently 38% of cases are in rich countries. But that balance is predicted shift significantly by 2050, with 71% of patients being in poor and middle-income countries. The report says most governments are "woefully unprepared for the dementia epidemic". Marc Wortmann, the executive director at Alzheimer Disease International, said: "It's a global epidemic and it is only getting worse - if we look into the future the numbers of elderly people will rise dramatically." Jeremy Hughes, chief executive of the UK's Alzheimer's Society, said: "Dementia is fast becoming the biggest health and social care challenge of this generation. "We must tackle dementia now, for those currently living with the condition across the world and for those millions who will develop dementia in the future. BBC © 2013
Link ID: 18998 - Posted: 12.05.2013
By PAM BELLUCK Scientists have been eager to see if oxytocin, which plays a role in emotional bonding, trust and many biological processes, can improve social behavior in people with autism. Some parents of children with autism have asked doctors to prescribe it, although it is not an approved treatment for autism, or have purchased lower-dose versions of the drug over the counter. Scientifically, the jury is out, and experts say parents should wait until more is known. Some studies suggest that oxytocin, sometimes called the “love hormone,” improves the ability to empathize and connect socially, and may decrease repetitive behaviors. Others find little or no impact, and some research suggests that it can promote clannish and competitive feelings, or exacerbate symptoms in people already oversensitive to social cues. Importantly, nobody knows if oxytocin is safe or desirable to use regularly or long term. Now, the first study of how oxytocin affects the brains of children with autism finds hints of promise — and also suggestions of what its limitations might be. On the promising side, the small study, published Monday in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that the hormone, given as an inhalant, generated increased activity in parts of the brain involved in social connection. This suggests not only that oxytocin can stimulate social brain areas, but also that in children with autism these brain regions are not irrevocably damaged but are plastic enough to be influenced. The limitations could include a finding that oxytocin prompted greater brain activity in children with the least severe autism. Some experts said that this could imply that oxytocin may work primarily in less-impaired people, but others said it might simply suggest that different doses are needed. © 2013 The New York Times Company
by Laura Sanders Last Sunday, the Giants battled the Redskins in our living room, and there was no bigger fan than 9-month-old Baby V. Unlike her father, she was not interested in RG3’s shortcomings. The tiny, colorful guys running around on a bright green field, the psychedelic special effects and the bursts of noise drew her in like a moth to a 42-inch high-definition flame. My friends with kids have noticed the same screen fascination in their little ones. Like adults, kids love colorful, shiny, moving screens. The problem, of course, is that watching TV probably isn’t the best way for little kids to spend their time. Long bouts in front of the tube have been linked to obesity, weaker attention spans and aggression in kids. Now, a new study of Japanese children has linked TV time with changes in the growing brains, effects that have been harder to spot. And the more television a kid watches, the more profound the brain differences, scientists report November 20 in Cerebral Cortex. Researchers studied kids between age 5 and 18 who watched between zero and four hours of television a day. On average, the kids watched TV for about two hours a day. Brain scans revealed that the more television a kid watched, the larger certain parts of the brain were. Gray matter volume was higher in regions toward the front and side of the head in kids who watched a lot of TV. Say that again? Watching television boosts brain volume? Before you rejoice and fire up Season 1 of Breaking Bad, keep in mind: Bigger isn’t always better. In this case, higher brain volume in these kids was associated with a lower verbal IQ. Study coauthor Hikaru Takeuchi Tohoku University in Japan says that these brain areas need to be pruned during childhood to operate efficiently. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013.
by Bob Holmes Dying cells may play only a small role in the brain decline that accompanies ageing. That is the suggestion from the first computer simulation of brain function that can solve intelligence tests almost as well as university undergraduates. The model promises to reveal how our brains and behaviour are affected by age, and might even offer a way of testing drugs that compensate for cognitive decline. Psychologists have known for many years that our ability to think through novel problems – our "fluid intelligence" – gradually declines with age. However, the reasons for this decline aren't clear, because many features of the brain change as we age: neurons die; connections become sparser between regions of the brain and between individual brain cells; and our mental representation of different concepts becomes less distinct, among other changes. So far, psychologists have been unable to tease apart these possible explanations for cognitive decline. Enter Chris Eliasmith, a theoretical neuroscientist at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, and his student Daniel Rasmussen. The pair used a computer to simulate the behaviour of about 35,000 individual brain cells wired together in a biologically realistic way. Just like a real brain, their model encoded information as a pattern of electrical activity in particular sets of cells. The researchers set up the system to solve a widely used intelligence test known as Raven's Progressive Matrices, which involves predicting what abstract symbol comes next in a sequence. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.
By KRISTIN WARTMAN THE solution to one of America’s most vexing problems — our soaring rates of obesity and diet-related diseases — may have its roots in early childhood, and even in utero. Researchers at the Monell Chemical Senses Center, a nonprofit research organization in Philadelphia, have found that babies born to mothers who eat a diverse and varied diet while pregnant and breast-feeding are more open to a wide range of flavors. They’ve also found that babies who follow that diet after weaning carry those preferences into childhood and adulthood. Researchers believe that the taste preferences that develop at crucial periods in infancy have lasting effects for life. In fact, changing food preferences beyond toddlerhood appears to be extremely difficult. “What’s really interesting about children is, the preferences they form during the first years of life actually predict what they’ll eat later,” said Julie Mennella, a biopsychologist and researcher at the Monell Center. “Dietary patterns track from early to later childhood but once they are formed, once they get older, it’s really difficult to change — witness how hard it is to change the adult. You can, but it’s just harder. Where you start, is where you end up.” This may have profound implications for the future health of Americans. With some 70 percent of the United States population now overweight or obese and chronic diseases skyrocketing, many parents who are eating a diet high in processed, refined foods are feeding their babies as they feed themselves, and could be setting their children up for a lifetime of preferences for a narrow range of flavors. The Monell researchers have identified several sensitive periods for taste preference development. One is before three and a half months of age, which makes what the mother eats while pregnant and breast-feeding so important. “It’s our fundamental belief that during evolution, we as humans are exposed to flavors both in utero and via mother’s milk that are signals of things that will be in our diets as we grow up and learn about what flavors are acceptable based on those experiences,” said Gary Beauchamp, the director of the Monell Center. © 2013 The New York Times Company
Ewen Callaway Certain fears can be inherited through the generations, a provocative study of mice reports1. The authors suggest that a similar phenomenon could influence anxiety and addiction in humans. But some researchers are sceptical of the findings because a biological mechanism that explains the phenomenon has not been identified. According to convention, the genetic sequences contained in DNA are the only way to transmit biological information across generations. Random DNA mutations, when beneficial, enable organisms to adapt to changing conditions, but this process typically occurs slowly over many generations. Yet some studies have hinted that environmental factors can influence biology more rapidly through 'epigenetic' modifications, which alter the expression of genes, but not their actual nucleotide sequence. For instance, children who were conceived during a harsh wartime famine in the Netherlands in the 1940s are at increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and other conditions — possibly because of epigenetic alterations to genes involved in these diseases2. Yet although epigenetic modifications are known to be important for processes such as development and the inactivation of one copy of the X-chromsome in females, their role in the inheritance of behaviour is still controversial. Kerry Ressler, a neurobiologist and psychiatrist at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and a co-author of the latest study, became interested in epigenetic inheritance after working with poor people living in inner cities, where cycles of drug addiction, neuropsychiatric illness and other problems often seem to recur in parents and their children. “There are a lot of anecdotes to suggest that there’s intergenerational transfer of risk, and that it’s hard to break that cycle,” he says. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group
by Jessica Griggs HAVING type 2 diabetes may mean you are already on the path to Alzheimer's. This startling claim comes from a study linking the two diseases more intimately than ever before. There is some good news: the same research also offers a way to reverse memory problems associated with diabetes – albeit in rats – which may hint at a new treatment for Alzheimer's. "Perhaps you should use Alzheimer's drugs at the diabetes stage to prevent cognitive impairment in the first place," says Ewan McNay from the University at Albany in New York. Alzheimer's cost the US $130 billion in 2011 alone. One of the biggest risk factors is having type 2 diabetes. This kind of diabetes occurs when liver, muscle and fat cells stop responding efficiently to insulin, the hormone that tells them to absorb glucose from the blood. The illness is usually triggered by eating too many sugary and high-fat foods that cause insulin to spike, desensitising cells to its presence. As well as causing obesity, insulin resistance can also lead to cognitive problems such as memory loss and confusion. In 2005, a study by Susanne de la Monte's group at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, identified a reason why people with type 2 diabetes had a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's. In this kind of dementia, the hippocampus, a part of the brain involved in learning and memory, seemed to be insensitive to insulin. Not only could your liver, muscle and fat cells be "diabetic" but so it seemed, could your brain. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.
By Tanya Lewis 20 hours ago To understand the human brain, scientists must start small, and what better place than the mind of a worm? The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is one of biology's most widely studied organisms, and it's the first to have the complete wiring diagram, or connectome, of its nervous system mapped out. Knowing the structure of the animal's connectome will help explain its behavior, and could lead to insights about the brains of other organisms, scientists say. "You can't understand the brain without understanding the connectome," Scott Emmons, a molecular geneticist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York, said in a talk earlier this month at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in San Diego. In 1963, South African biologist Sydney Brenner of the University of Cambridge decided to use C. elegans as a model organism for developmental biology. He chose the roundworm because it has a simple nervous system, it's easy to grow in a lab and its genetics are relatively straightforward. C. elegans was the first multicellular organism to have its genome sequenced, in 1998. Brenner knew that to understand how genes affect behavior, "you would have to know the structure of the nervous system," Emmons told LiveScience.


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another good bud 1 sitting game (b1sg) is bubble bobble.
there’s a class of game that are by nature complete in a sitting. a good one is pacman ce.
a fighting game single player mode can usually be finished in a sitting if the difficulty can go low enough.
actually, most arcade games can be cleared in a sitting if the machine is in freeplay, and can be great dumb fun if the game is right, for instance the metal slugs.
recently i recommended both inside and superliminal precisely because they’re one-sittingable.
here’s a silly story: the summer before the dreamcast came out, hollywood video offered dreamcasts to rent, with sonic adventure. i think you might’ve had a choice of game, but in any event i chose sonic adventure to play over a weekend. but since the rental didn’t include a vmu, and since the dreamcast didn’t have built in storage (which surprised me), i couldn’t save. so i just beat it in one sitting. i’m not sure if i 100%ed it, but i got enough sonic adventure that weekend to never play it again.
you know what game should be completable in a sitting? pathologic 2. with all its interesting choices and their interesting consequences, it would be nice if you could finish a playthrough in 2 or 3 hours. but then they might’ve had to cut out some of the walking…

domain: game


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Dr. Kamales Kumar Saha is a renowned from Mumbai with an overall experience of 26 years. He completed his MCh - Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi in 1995. Dr. Kamales Kumar Saha currently practices at HeartClinic, Goregaon East in Mumbai. The HeartClinic is located at Number 605, Accord Classic Sixth Floor, Array Road, Landmark: Anupam Stationary, Mumbai .
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon
Thoracic (Chest) Surgeon
MCh - Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

domain: medical


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Utilising transparent materials for devices such as system interfaces, necessitates the need to be able to apply the contact material to the desired surface extremely uniformly. Similarly creating solid state device contacts demands the ability to efficiently apply graphene to the target device surfaces.
Paragraf’s graphene production technique includes the ability to form graphene directly onto semiconductor material surfaces, and transparent crystalline substrates. This capability can deliver full coverage of the target material with either pristine, functionalised or mutli-layer graphene, resulting in a surface with properties designed for the final product application. In addition, the ability to provide graphene directly onto semiconductor device materials and indeed heterostructures removes the need for several downstream processing requirements, increasing production throughput while reducing cost.
Possibly most importantly, the potential to replace conventional, rare, toxic contacting materials with a simple carbon alternative is hugely beneficial for the environment and global population alike.

domain: design


Freelance Filmmakers Directorz Inc., share a video featuring BiG Daddy Kane dropping slang as he spits lyrics from one of his classic verses. The hip hop pioneer has never let the game down with his use of slang as an instrument as part of his legendary career. One of the first to drop slang in creative cadences to create a frenzy in the streets and on the airwaves. He continues to tour and do appearances using slang wordplay to excite crowds around the world.
See more at www.directorzinc.com by freelance director|filmmaker Shareef Scott.


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We took a stab at ranking the 16 teams in the AFC after the first week. Certainly plenty has happened since then. With most of the teams in the league already having had their BYE week, let's take another crack. As always, let me know what you might disagree with. These rankings are mostly resume based, with a tinge of subjective evaluation thrown in. Man, what a muddled mess the AFC has become.
1) Tennessee Titans - Talk about an impressive defense. Wow. As I mentioned earlier though, TN has avoided the injury bug in a major way. Let's see what happens if their injury situation regresses somewhere towards the mean of what's normal in this league.
2) Pittsburgh Steelers - The case certainly could be made for Buffalo here, and if we were going purely on resume alone, they probably would deserve the nod after their impressive victory over San Diego. Something tells me though that we could beat the Bills if both teams were at or near full-strength.
3) Buffalo Bills - Great defense, tremendously efficient QB play from Trent Edwards, and sound coaching all helped Buffalo take down San Diego this past Sunday. The Patriots reemerged this evening as threats, so perhaps Buffalo will have some competition for the AFC East title after all. It's certainly not coming from Miami or the Jets.
4) New England Patriots - Matt Cassel turns in his finest performance of the season in a 44-7 rout of the Broncos. I'm neither ready to be scared of this NE team, nor ready to write them off entirely as a non-factor in this muddled conference.
5) Jacksonville Jaguars - This may be another team that peaks late. They've had plenty of injurys to deal with early, yet Garrard seems to be rounding into form. Another tough one to figure out.
6) Indianapolis Colts - Just last week, I thought they might be the team to beat eventually. After getting stepped all over in Green Bay, I now look dumb. Still, Tony Dungy + Peyton Manning = not dead yet. That said, I don't care how good Manning is if he's only getting 70 yards a game from his running game.
7) San Diego Chargers - I guess some team from the AFC West has to make the playoffs, right? I know LT is tired of hearing about it, but there's just something wrong with him. Rivers is doing his best job to keep the team's head above water, but this Chargers offense is certainly not used to being only the 26th best team rushing the football.
8) Denver Broncos - Denver and San Diego will get to duke it out for AFC West supremacy, but again we were reminded tonight of why nobody should truly like the Broncos' prospects: their D is just too porous.
9) Baltimore Ravens - This isn't a great team by any means, but their defense is good enough to help them win some games. That was the case this past Sunday against Miami, where a pick-6 helped the Ravens emerge victorious.
10) Houston Texans - The Texans are likely going to look back at their late meltdown against the Colts earlier in the year as a golden opportunity they missed out on. At 2-4, they're not dead yet, but 3-3 sure would be sweeter for them considering the tough slate of games they still have ahead of them. A great example of just how slim a margin teams have in this league. Houston's close to being real competitive. Instead they're in last place as of now.
11) Cleveland Browns - Poor Cleveland. They fought valiantly at Washington but came up short when Phil Dawson's 56 yard FG attempt at the gun sailed wide right. Derek Anderson struggled again following his solid showing against the Giants a week earlier.
12) New York Jets - Meh. Losing to Oakland? I don't care if it's on the road. That's unimpressive.
13) Miami Dolphins - Chad Pennington's good enough to keep Miami competitive. But he's not good enough to avoid the kinds of mistakes that he yet again made against the Ravens. 7 wins isn't out of the question though for a team that struggled to get just one last year.
14) Oakland Raiders - Hooray. The first win of the Tom Cable era in Oakland. JaMarcus Russel is making some strides in his second year, but this is just a 5-6 win football team at best in 2008. A likely coaching change will again take place this offseason and the Raiders will again find themselves starting from scratch. Sad.
15) Cincinnati Bengals - Yes they're winless, but I think they're better than KC - if Carson Palmer's playing.
16) Kansas City Chiefs - I got nothing for ya, and neither do the Chiefs when it comes to football ability.

domain: sports


text:
Obama sees bipartisan 'season of progress' President Barack Obama celebrated a bipartisan
"season of progress' on Thursday at a year-end news conference a
few hours after the Senate ratified an arms control treaty with
Charitable giving holding steady in Minnesota
MPR's Tom Crann talks to Sarah Caruso, CEO of the Greater Twin Cities United Way about how Minnesota's charitable organizations are faring.4:53 p.m.
Outgoing Gov. Pawlenty is rooting for Republicans, not aiding transition for Gov-elect Dayton
Preview of Cathy Wurzer's Morning Edition interview with Gov. Tim Pawlenty.5:20 p.m.
Food safety bill passes with exemption for small farms The Food Safety Modernization Act passed by the U.S. House Tuesday strengthens government oversight of food processing facilities and farms, but a controversial part of the bill exempts small farms from most safety oversight.5:22 p.m.
Arms Control Challenges Remain After New START
The ratification of the nuclear arms treaty with Russia is literally just a start. President Obama has mapped out further steps to limit nuclear weapons, all in entirely new territory. Both the U.S. and Russia have thousands of additional nuclear weapons in categories that have never been subject to limits -- tactical nuclear weapons, non-deployed warheads that could be used in a crisis. Then there are the other nations that possess nuclear weapons, such as China, France and Britain, which have never been subject to arms control negotiations. These are just a few of the thorny issues that the Obama administration would like to see included in new arms control talks.
How Does A Country Reduce Its Nuclear Arms?
The new START treaty will require the United States and Russia to reduce each country's stockpile of long-range nuclear warheads by about 30 percent. It would also reduce the number of nuclear submarines, missiles and bombers each country can posses. So how does a country reduce its arms? NPR's Robert Siegel speaks with George Perkovich, director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, about how the United States and Russia will reduce their nuclear weapons to comply with the treaty.
Redistricting In Ohio: A Primer
NPR's Audie Cornish talks to Paul Beck, professor of political science at Ohio State University, about Ohio's loss of two congressional seats after the 2010 census. Ohio will go from having 18 seats to 16. Beck explains who's in charge of the process of downsizing and how it will work.
New York AG Sues Ernst And Young
This week, the attorney general of New York state sued the accounting firm Ernst and Young -- the same firm that audited Lehman Brothers. NPR's Robert Siegel speaks with Columbia law professor John Coffee about the suit.
Kiss Away: Harvesting Mistletoe From The Treetops
This time of year, we're used to seeing a sprig of mistletoe hanging from the doorway -- the inevitable invitation to a kiss. But we don't often think about how it got there. One hardy harvester in Tennessee collects it the old-fashioned way -- by climbing to the tops of trees.
Waterlogged California At Risk Of Mudslides
Southern California has been pounded by heavy rain. Flooding and potential mudslides are causing big problems for motorists and residents of threatened hillside neighborhoods.
States Dip Into Climate Funds To Shore Up Budgets
Two years ago, 10 northeast states set up a regional cap and trade program to reduce carbon emissions and promote conservation. The money raised was supposed to be used for green energy and environmental initiatives, but in an era of tight budgets, it has proved a tempting target for some state officials. Three of those states -- New York, New Hampshire and New Jersey -- have used some of the revenue from the initiative to shore up state budgets.
'Principia Mathematica' Celebrates 100 Years
NPR's Robert Siegel talks to math writer Julie Rehmeyer about the 100th anniversary of Principia Mathematica, a landmark work in mathematical logic. Written by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, it was their attempt to show that all of mathematics could be reduced to logic. Rehmeyer writes regular columns for Science News and Wired Magazine.
War Poetry, Inspired By A Husband's Service
Philadelphia poet Elyse Fenton recently won the University of Wales' Dylan Thomas Prize for her collection of war poetry inspired by her husband's service in Iraq. The prize is the largest given to an author under 30 years of age, and she is the first American and first poet to win the $47,000 award. Her husband served as an Army medic in Iraq. He struggles with the notion that he was her muse.

domain: politics


text:
This month our needlepoint adventure is Bargello Part II – How Far Did You Get?
We will be checking out all the Bargello projects. Is anyone is having difficulty or suggestions for a better experience. We will also see who the turbo stitchers are ! Of course you need to be a member to check all this fun out.
We also have a new workshop starting in July with our favorite teacher – Vicky Witterschein. She just completed all 3 of her NAN certifications – never a doubt we knew she had it in her. She does such pretty projects and this one is Embellished Heart. It includes beading, laid filling stitches, ribbons, etc. The suggested finishes are a sachet, a hanging ornament, pillow, needle book or what ever you can think of. It’s 3 zoom sessions with no stitching to stress about and it will be recorded so you can go back if you have an issue. Get a seat while there are openings – it’s $100 for the kit and 3 zoom classes. (I saw it in person and it is stunning).
Have you been watching all the pomp and pageantry for the Queen of England’s Jubilee? That fly over in the formation of “70” for the number of years she has been on the thrown was amazing. Louie tried to steal the show but it’s all about Elizabeth. Of course that means that the needlepoint world has to celebrate her also. Moore Stitching has some lovely canvases to commemorate HRH.
While on the subject – 150 years ago the Royal School of Needlework was founded. With 20 ladies it opened up above a bonnet shop in 1872 not only to revive the art that had fallen by the way side but for the purpose of providing employment to educated women that would have had to live in poverty without a suitable livelihood. They have come a long way since then and have employed up to 150. They have degrees in embroidery and teach not only in England but the US as well. Check out their web site for some of the amazing things they have created. Royal School of Needlework | Centre of Excellence in Hand Embroidery (royal-needlework.org.uk)
Needlefest for 2023 says they are almost sold out already! Get your tickets now !!! Melissa and Megan from the “Pointing It Out” podcast had a retreat about a week ago. They had 60 spaces and received 212 responses! They did it by lottery to be fair and from the You Tube video it looked like a great event. I am sure the next one coming up November 11 – 13 is already piling up registrations. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cg1Dx4-KxE0
Another interesting event coming up is at Stitch By Stitch in NY. They are having a “Stitch A Monogram” evening. Krista from Penny Linn Designs is going to be at the store on September 20th from 6 PM to 8:30 PM. You will be stitching the monogram of your choice on her canvas design of your choice which is all included in the price. Threads are extra. Call the store for pricing 914.834.1886. Ny Needlepoint | Stitch By Stitch Larchmont, NY | United States (stitchbystitchneedlepoint.com)
While your at Stitch By Stitch check out the latest and greatest self finishing item – a fanny pack! Do you need something to hold your phone while you walk the dog or to make life a bit easier now that we need an extra hand to carry bags into the grocery store? They have several fun canvases that fit in the plastic covered window in the front. Such a neat idea ! Ah – but there is more !! They are also having a sale, buy a canvas and you get 20% off the threads or 20% off the finishing of that canvas. Can you ask for more???
The calendar says summer starts on the 21st – but it’s never to early !!! Chaparral Needlepoint in TX is certainly all ready:
On the other hand… they and many other stores feel this is the time to stitch winter canvases. Chapparal has a new Penguin Club-6 penguins by Danji Designs and they will start shipping in Oct thru March 2023. https://ndlpt.com/products/penguin-club?_pos=1&_sid=82fb832e9&_ss=r&utm_campaign=emailmarketing_122475479179&utm_medium=email&utm_source=shopify_email
The Queen Bee – Ruth Schmuff has paired up with Mary Legallet on a Max and Oscar poster done by Painted Pony Designs. Mary was at the Bee Hive for an embellishment class on this canvas and by the number of threads it has to be terrific. Now to make your choice that much harder Mary Legallet also did another class and stitch guide of a Christmas Angel – flip a coin – one is prettier than the next.
PLD Designs has some great looking new designs – something for all tastes not to mention seasons. The jars just are so iconic for the winter season.
If you would rather stitch summer during summer (I don’t blame you) then check out Kelly Clark’s Beach combing Country Sampler thru Colonial Needle. You have to love the colors. So many things you could do with this, so many textures to create. https://colonialneedle.com/
Tips and Tricks Check out the new labels for Kreinik – hopefully this makes it easier yet there is no color coding for size – win some…. lose some.
Some sage advice from Louise’s Needlework about what to pack when your getting ready for a trip and you bring your needlepoint with you (like you wouldn’t?!?!?) https://media.rainpos.com/530/News_Blast_March_2022_Final.pdf
Who was that Famous Stitcher? None other than Mary Queen of Scots. During her 18 and a half years of imprisonment she stitched day and night to pass the time. Some of the embroidered panels are still in existence. V&A · The Prison Embroideries Of Mary, Queen Of Scots (vam.ac.uk)
Who is this Famous Stitcher ?????
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domain: hobby


The Apple iPhone rumors are in full swing, but Android believers also have a flagship handset to look forward to: there's suddenly a bouncer of reports about Google's Pixel 3 and 3 XL.
Especially Russian blog Rozetked claim to have gotten hands on an actual 3 XL device like Google, about, misplaced. We must wait to see if the pictures are legitimate; Pixel 3 XL appears to have had quite a few photoshots on Russian websites lately.
Google Pixel 3 Release Date
Google has launched its Pixel phones on October 4th in the last two years. Like Android police reports, it appears that the company might do the same again this year, given that it has been looking for Canadian influencers to switch to Pixel 3 and appear in a video on October 4th.
 But the latest from Bloomberg puts it on October 9th in New York, giving Google a month to iPhone 9 mania to die down before it takes light.
To Notch or Not to Notch
In May, Bloomberg also reported that Pixel 3 will not include an iPhone X-like notch, but the larger sibling will include the controversial cutout. This appears to be born by MySmartPrice.
Pixel 3 should be about 145.6 at 68.2 with 7.9mm while Pixel 3 XL is a bit of a behemoth of 158 by 76.6 with 7.9mm. The display of 3 is likely to measure 5.3 inches while 3 XL will have a 6.2 inch screen.
Single Camera Setup
It looks like Google commits itself to a rear camera in Pixel 3 and 3 XL. It is against the industry trend and is a bit bragy by how powerful one lens should be thanks to an updated Visual Core chip. You can expect two cameras to be hidden in the front of 3 XL, according to 9to5Google, which says a source says that Google plans to tag the resulting images as "Super Selfies."
The rear camera is 12.2 MP, and the two front angles are 8.1 MP each, according to another Russian leak .
That Russia's leak also says that Pixel 3 XL has a screen resolution of 2,960 with 1,440. It runs on a Qualcomm Snapdragon 845, has 4 GB of RAM and 64 GB of storage, and a 3,430 mAh battery. It will be the first device to be sent with Android Pie.
Rozetked tweeted and video som demonstrate wireless charging . This is not a surprise, considering that XDA found evidence of wireless charging in the Android P Developer Preview early June.
– ?????? ??????? (@khoroshev) August 22, 2018
Packed with Pixel, you can expect a set of wired Pixel Buds, a dual-sided USB-C cable and power plug, USB-C-to- headphone jack dongle and a USB OTG adapter.


GRASS VALLEY, Calif. October 22, 2018 – All creatures great and small will be welcomed at a Blessing of the Animals at 2 p.m. Saturday, Nov. 3, at Peace Lutheran Church in Grass Valley.
Humans also may attend, if accompanied by a responsible animal.
This free and informal event commemorates St. Francis of Assisi, the 13th-century rich, Italian playboy who accepted God’s call to empty his life and become an example of love and service to all. Francis believed all nature mirrors the Divine. He wrote a song that included praises for the sun and moon, and he was reputed to preach to birds, whom he called his “sisters.”
For more information, visit www.PeaceLutheranGV.org or call Peace Lutheran Church at (530) 273-9631.


Paul Cornell has a series on his blog, The 12 Blogs of Christmas this holiday season.
In the latest entry, The 12 Blogs of Christmas: Eleven. Millennium Eve he features some of his fellow Doctor Who folk… included are Russell T Davies, Steven Moffat, Gary Russell, Murray Gold, James Moran, Noel Clarke, even a familiar name from Doctor Who: Podshock is there too.
In it, we are recounting what we were doing ten years ago as we rang in the new millennium.
Actually, it is quite humbling to be sharing such company on the same page. I thank Paul, he is a lovely person and friend. As I said in my piece included in Paul's blog, take nothing for granted.
BAFTA winning actor, Noel Clarke (Mickey / Ricky on Doctor Who) stars in Reign of Death, written and directed by Matthew Savage. An upcoming sci-fi noir project from Ganymede Productions Ltd and It's My Shout. For further information on the project, visit their Facebook page.
This trailer promo was released this week.


Wilmington, DE Salary:
Our client is currently seeking a Software Engineer
W2 only. No C2C
Primarily responsible for the delivery of software as a lead on an agile team.
Champion leveraging modern technologies including cloud backed APIs, microservices and DevSec culture.
Responsible for all aspects of technology delivery.
Build and maintain relationships with business and technology team members.
Triage technical issues and work toward solving problems.
BS/BA degree or equivalent experience Computer Science or related field.
8+ years of experience on technical Delivery teams and enterprise products.
Demonstrated proficiency in application, data and infrastructure architecture disciplines.
Ability to work collaboratively in teams and develop meaningful relationships to achieve common goals.
Demonstrated experience building internet scale platforms from the ground up. Strong understanding of OOP & SOA principles, enterprise design patterns and industry best practices with experience using modern technology (e.g. Java, Cassandra, Kafka) and design patterns (e.g. microservices, APIs).
Strong understanding of Java concurrency, concurrency patterns and experience building thread safe code.
Experience with pattern languages (Gof4, Enterprise patterns, Strangler).
Expert level experience designing and building REST web services at internet scale.
Experience in cloud technologies and patterns (AWS, Google Cloud).
Experience with automated testing tools and capabilities (Cucumber, Selenium, ATDD, TDD).
Experience with high volume, mission critical applications.
Strong analytical and troubleshooting skills.
Experience with tuning high volume applications.
Familiarity with database technology such as MySQL, Oracle or Amazon RDS and messaging technologies such as IBM MQ and Apache Kafka.Contact:
This job and many more are available through The Judge Group. Find us on the web at www.judge.com


text:
Copyright Tony Mooney and others.
If you are an ex-apprentice you are free to copy any material for your own use. For commercial use please contact the webmaster
Last updated on 22 November, 2021 at 6:45 PM
Over and Out
By Squadron Leader Ray Tillbrook
Published in 1998
By Forces and Corporate Publishing Ltd
To mark the closure of RAF Locking.
Ray worked for Keith Runacres at the time and Keith loaned his copy of the very rare book to Tony Mooney at the 60th Anniversary Reunion of the start of our Apprenticeship on 18 and 19 September 2016 in Weston-super-Mare. Tony intended to scan it to PDF for this website but after scanning only three pages he came across a copy of the book quite by chance on the RAF Locking Apprentice Association website. It’s a large file and takes 30 seconds on more to load on a fast broadband connection but it’s a good read with an interesting section about Apprentices. Click the button below to see it.

domain: library


text:
A TACOMA retrospective
Software, Practice & Experience
For seven years, the TACOMA project has investigated the design and implementation of software support for mobile agents. A series of prototypes has been developed, with experiences in distributed applications driving the effort. This paper describes the evolution of these TACOMA prototypes, what primitives each supports, and how the primitives are used in building distributed applications. Each version of TACOMA has provided a framework to support the execution of programs, called agents, that
... migrate from host to host in a computer network. Giving an agent explicit control over where it executes is attractive for a variety of technical reasons, as detailed below. • Agent-based applications can make more efficient use of available communication bandwidth. An agent can move to a processor where data is stored, scanning or otherwise digesting the data locally, and then move on, carrying with it only some relevant subset of what it has read. By moving the computation to the data-rather than moving the data to the computationsignificant bandwidth savings may result. • Because agents invoke operations on servers locally (hence cheaply), it becomes sensible for servers to provide low-level RISC-style APIs. An agent can synthesize from such an API operations specifically tailored to its task. Contrast this with traditional client-server distributed computing where, because communications cost must be amortized over each server operation invocation, servers provide general-purpose high-level APIs. • Agents execute autonomously and do not require continuous connectivity to all servers where they execute. This makes the agent abstraction ideal for settings in which network connections are intermittent, such as wireless and other forms of ad hoc networks.


text:
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Jerry Loves soup
Love you too honey.
- Biscuit Soup
I loved it.
-From the soupsquad.
The lip syncing is done very well.
- Taco Soup
Yes. Yes you do love us.
Maybe I missed something, because if there was a joke, I didn't get it. Other than that, it was pretty bad...
A joke? LOL... No... This was just an animation test for the mouth. I haven't even made a real scene yet... Thanks for your comment though!
Let the funds begin...
Detective Nwar faces off with two thieves who planned on laughing all the way to the bank.
The Grifms meets The Sweatsons
newgrounds.com — Your #1 online entertainment & artist community! All your base are belong to us.

domain: entertainment


An Introduction to Blockchain Technology: Definitions, Applications, and Challenges
23 de novembro - 8h00 às 8h50
Blockchain is the revolutionary technology behind cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Recent years have seen an explosion of new products and services based on blockchain, including the boom of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) trades, Decentralized Finance (DeFi), and supply-chain applications. This talk will introduce basic concepts behind blockchain networks, explain some high-profile applications, and highlight regulatory and governance challenges faced by the industry.
Dr. Arthur Carvalho is the Dinesh & Ila Paliwal Innovation Chair and an Assistant Professor of Information Systems and Analytics at Farmer School of Business, Miami University (USA). He received a Master’s of Mathematics and Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Waterloo (Canada), and a B.Sc. in Computer Science from the Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil). His research work involves the development and deployment of AI techniques, statistical methods, and blockchain-based systems aiming at improving business processes and decision-making. Dr. Carvalho has collaborated with several companies through research work, consulting, and/or joint student supervision, including Microsoft, KPMG, IBM, PwC, Cardinal Health, and Unilever. His views and work have been featured in Bloomberg, Inside Higher ED, IoT World Today, Poets & Quants, Lifewire, and The Journey.
Elements of Intelligent Railway Infrastructures
24 de novembro - 8h00 às 8h50
In this invited lecture I will provide elements of my research in the field of Intelligent Railway Infrastructures. From that field, we face three major challenges: how railway infrastructures can perceive their condition, how they can make optimal and timely decisions, and how they can keep learning to improve their performance over time systematically. Then, the railway infrastructure can be treated as a living being from where each methodology will contribute to creating its digital brain. The research to be discussed is in the interface between railway engineering/railway infrastructure and different research areas such as computational intelligence (neural networks, fuzzy logic, and evolutionary computation), structural health monitoring, maintenance of engineering structures, control of railway systems, asset management of transportation infrastructures, big data, and optimization.
Dr. Alfredo Núñez is an Associate Professor in the field of Intelligent Railway Infrastructures at the Section of Railway Engineering, Department of Engineering Structures, the Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands. Dr. Núñez received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile, in 2010. He was a postdoctoral researcher with the Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft, The Netherlands, from 2010 to 2013. Dr. Núñez is a Senior Member of IEEE since 2014 and author/co-author of over a hundred international journal and international conference papers. Dr. Núñez belongs to the Editorial Board of the journals IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems - IEEE (Associate Editor) and Applied Soft Computing - Elsevier (Editorial Board Member). His research interests include intelligent railway infrastructure, railway engineering, computational intelligence (neural networks, fuzzy logic, and evolutionary computation), structural health monitoring, maintenance of engineering structures, control of railway systems, asset management of transportation infrastructures, big data, and optimization.


text:
Chocolate Espresso Cookies
- Yield 2
- Prep 10 mins
- Cook 10 mins
Dark finely ground coffee from your coffee grinder makes these cookies dark and rich.
- 3 ounces unsweetened chocolate
- 2 cups semisweet chocolate chips, divided
- 1/2 cup butter
- 3 large eggs
- 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons, sugar
- 3 teaspoons finely ground dark roast coffee
- 3/4 cup all-purposeflour
- 1/2 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- Preheat oven to 350F.
- Melt unsweetened chocolate, 1 cup chocolate chips and butter. Stir until smooth.
- Whisk eggs, ground coffee and sugar together until a soft ribbon forms when lifting whisk. Beat in chocolate mixture. Sift flour, baking powder and salt into mixture. Stir until just combined. Add remaining chocolate chips. Stir until just mixed.
- Drop batter 2 inches apart on greased or parchment lined cookie sheet. Bake 8 to 10 minutes until puffed and cracked on top. Remove from oven and cool 1 minute on sheet; transfer to wire rack to cool completely.
Recipe courtesy of Tamworth Inn, Tamworth, N.H.

domain: food


Following on from last week’s announcement that the covid booster programme was to be extended to all adults aged 40-49, the rollout of the vaccination programme goes from strength to strength in Lincolnshire, with 211,417 people having had their booster jab to-date.
“To put it another way, this means that over two thirds of all people eligible for a booster have had it, with 68.2% of people aged 40 and over having had their booster, and 68.9% of people aged 50 and over having received theirs,” comments Rebecca Neno, Director of Covid and Influenza Vaccination Programmes, NHS Lincolnshire CCG.
“As we have said on numerous occasions before, we are so delighted with the response to the vaccination programme from the Lincolnshire public, whose support is humbling. As we go into winter, it becomes even more important that people get their covid vaccinations, as well as their flu vaccinations, in order to have the best possible protection.”
Another part of the vaccination programme that continues to be very successful is the vaccinating of children aged 12-15, with 50% of eligible children now vaccinated. In support of this, a series of pop-up sessions have been arranged over the coming weeks at PRSA, the Lincolnshire Showground, and in Skegness and Spalding. Find out more.
“We’re actually one of the top-performing areas in the country for various parts of the vaccination programme, including the 12-15s, which is testament to the support from the public, but also the sheer hard work on the part of our vaccination teams. The ‘pop-ups’ provide another option for those children who have missed the vaccination in-school, or who are yet to have it. Parents/guardians just need to remember that, whilst no appointment is necessary, you do still need to consent first for your child to be vaccinated,” adds Rebecca.
One recurring question being asked by parents/guardians of 12-15 year-olds who have been vaccinated is “my child cannot use the NHS app to prove they have been vaccinated, can you provide us with proof of vaccination?”.
“As a parent myself I understand why other parents and guardians are asking this question and the straightforward answer is that you will receive an email confirming your child has been vaccinated. We appreciate the NHS app is not available to those under 16, this is a government decision and not something we have any control over, but we hope the confirmation email will help,” explains Rebecca.
As a reminder, the Mass Vaccination Centre at the Lincolnshire Showground will be closed Friday 26th, Saturday 27th and Sunday 28th November, due to a pre-arranged event taking place on-site.
“Having known about this for a while, we have taken the appropriate measures which mean that people will not have been able to book an appointment for a vaccination at the Showground during these three days. We will be open again as usual on Monday 29th November, and during the three days the site is closed our teams will be out vaccinating housebound patients and people in care homes,” concludes Rebecca.


Design, Development and Thermal Analysis of Reusable Li-Ion Battery Module for Future Mobile and Stationary Applications
The performance, energy storage capacity, safety, and lifetime of lithium-ion battery cells of different chemistries are very sensitive to operating and environmental temperatures. The cells generate heat by current passing through their internal resistances, and chemical reactions can generate additional, sometimes uncontrollable, heat if the temperature within the cells reaches the trigger temperature. Therefore, a high-performance battery cooling system that maintains cells as close to the ideal temperature as possible is needed to enable the highest possible discharge current rates while still providing a sufficient safety margin. This paper presents a novel design, preliminary development, and results for an inexpensive reusable, liquid-cooled, modular, hexagonal battery module that may be suitable for some mobile and stationary applications that have high charge and or discharge rate requirements. The battery temperature rise was measured experimentally for a six parallel 18650 cylindrical cell demonstrator module over complete discharge cycles at discharge rates of 1C, 2C and 3C. The measured temperature rises at the hottest point in the cells, at the anode terminal, were found to be 6, 17 and 22 °C, respectively. The thermal resistance of the system was estimated to be below 0.2 K/W at a coolant flow rate of 0.001 Kg/s. The proposed liquid cooled module appeared to be an effective solution for maintaining cylindrical Li-ion cells close to their optimum working temperature.
open access article
Citation : Divakaran, A.M., Hamilton, D., Manjunatha, K.N. and Minakshi, M. (2020) Design, Development and Thermal Analysis of Reusable Li-Ion Battery Module for Future Mobile and Stationary Applications. Energies, 13 (6): 1477
Research Institute : Institute of Engineering Sciences (IES)
Peer Reviewed : Yes


Details of WiWU P26 Thunder Bluetooth Speaker With Colorful Light Waterproof
Specifications Of WiWU P26 Thunder Bluetooth Speaker
- Brand: WiWU
- Model: Thunder P26
- Support: MP3/MP4, WMA, TF, Bluetooth phone call, FM, AUXTWS1+1 Function, IPX 7 waterproof
- Portable& Easy to carry.
- With colorful light.
- Battery: 1800mAh
- HiFi sound
- 4-5 hours playing time
- Aux-in and memory card slots
- Bluetooth 5.0 connectivity
- 10m transmission distance
- Premium sound
WiWU Thunder P26 Portable Wireless Speaker
WiWU Thunder P26 is a Wireless Bluetooth Speaker. This Portable Waterproof Color-Changeable Dazzling Speaker comes with Microphone and also includes a music dazzle color lamp. It offers a wireless connection and supports all Bluetooth devices. The waterproof cover is designed with silicone material. The WiWU Thunder P26 is powered by a 1800mAh battery capacity and it has an approximate play time of 4-5 hours. It offers Aux-in and memory card slots. It has Bluetooth 5.0 connectivity with a decent 10-meter transmission distance.
Buy WiWU Thunder P26 Portable Wireless Speaker
Well, if you are looking for the best quality portable mini wireless speaker in Bangladesh, you can get the original WiWU Thunder P26 Speaker From our website BlackBud Bangladesh. We have a large collection of the latest WiWU portable Speakers. Order Online to get yours at the best price in Bd. Besides this, the WiWU Thunder P26 Wireless Speaker comes with a 6-month replacement warranty.
What is price of WiWU Thunder P26 Mini Wireless Speaker in Bangladesh?
The latest price of WiWU P26 Thunder Wireless Speaker in Bangladesh is Tk. 3190. You can buy the WiWU P26 Thunder Wireless Speaker at the best price in Bangladesh online from our website BlackBud.


text:
Judging Others Sayings and Quotes
It’s easy to find flaws in others before first examining ourselves. While everyone hates to be judged, we all do it. Learn the art of self-reflection with the collection of wise and insightful quotes about judging others below.
By judging others we blind ourselves to our own evil and to the grace which others are just as entitled to as we are.
Still, it was a sad state of the world that people judged others not by the best that they could be but by the worst thought in their own hearts.
Judge tenderly, if you must. There is usually a side you have not heard, a story you know nothing about, and a battle waged that you are not having to fight.
Traci Lea Larussa
When we stop judging others and ourselves, our heart begins to open.
Swami Dhyan Giten
Our judgements judge us, and nothing reveals us, exposes our weaknesses, more ingeniously than the attitude of pronouncing upon our fellows.
Paul Valery Flametree
We should be rigorous in judging ourselves and gracious in judging others.
Judging others is just wasting your time, giving your advice to men who don't pay.
If I stop judging other people, I free myself from being judged, and I can dance!
When you judge others, you do not define them, you define yourself.
Don't judge too harshly, for if your weaknesses were to be placed under your footsteps, most likely you would stumble and fall as well.
Richelle E. Goodrich
Judging is acting on a limited knowledge. Learn the art of observing without evaluating.
When you judge other people without wanting to know the true story behind their actions, is usually when there is something inside of you that is so broken that if you found out what you believed about them was a lie, you wouldn't want to accept it or make amends.
Shannon L. Alder
Judging other people is such a natural and reflex phenomenon that even when somebody advises everybody not to judge anybody, actually he never realised that he has already judged that people judge others.
Let's stop judging others, and relieve them of the heavy burden they are carrying on their shoulders because of us.
And it is the Lord, it is Jesus, Who is my judge. Therefore I will try always to think leniently of others, that He may judge me leniently, or rather not at all, since He says: Judge not, and ye shall not be judged.
Therese de Lisieux
We should not judge people by their peak of excellence; but by the distance they have traveled from the point where they started.
Henry Ward Beecher
We can never judge the lives of others, because each person knows only their own pain and renunciation. It's one thing to feel that you are on the right path, but it's another to think that yours is the only path.
While you were busy judging others, you left your closet open and a lot of skeletons fell out.
People who judge others tell more about Who They Are, than Who They Judge.
Donald L. Hicks
If we judge others, it is because we are judging something in ourselves of which we are unaware.
John A. Sandford
In judging others, folks will work overtime for no pay.
Charles Edwin Carruthers
The more one judges, the less one loves.
Honoré de Balzac
When you meet a man, you judge him by his clothes; when you leave, you judge him by his heart.
In judging of others, a man laboreth in vain, often erreth and easily sinneth; but in judging and examining himself, he always laboreth fruitfully.
Thomas a Kempis
To judge a man by his weakest link or deed is like judging the power of the ocean by one wave.
Judge a man by his questions rather than by his answers.
A person that judges others will inevitably judge themselves harshly. It is only when one stops judging others that, that one can truly appreciate the beauty within.
None are more unjust in their judgments of others than those who have a high opinion of themselves.
If you find it necessary to judge someone by their past, don't be surprised when they find it necessary to put you there.
When we come to judge others it is not by ourselves as we really are that we judge them, but by an image that we have formed of ourselves from which we have left out everything that offends our vanity or would discredit us in the eyes of the world.
W. Somerset Maugham
To judge a man means nothing more than to ask: What content does he give to the form of humanity? What concept should we have of humanity if he were its only representative?
Wilhelm Von Humboldt
I do not judge men by anything they can do. Their greatest deed is the impression they make on me.
Henry David Thoreau
Every man is entitled to be valued by his best moment.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Our natural egoism leads us to judge people by their relations to ourselves. We want them to be certain things to us, and for us that is what they are; because the rest of them is no good to us, we ignore it.
W. Somerset Maugham
By judging others, you make yourself easy to judge.
If you judge people, you have no time to love them.
Judge not, that ye be not judged.
The least amount of judging we can do, the better off we are.
Michael J Fox
Don't pass judgement on others or you might be judged yourself.
Beware, so long as you live, of judging men by their outward appearance.
Jean de la Fontaine
Instead of judging people, we need to pray.
I can usually judge a fellow by what he laughs at.
If you judge, investigate.
If you would judge, understand.
Judge not according to appearance, but judge righteous judgment.
No accurate thinker will judge another person by that which the other person's enemies say about him.
Do not judge, and you will never be mistaken.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Judge not others unless you're prepared to be judged!
People are always judging you based on where you're from, where you went to school, how you look, how you talk. But at the end of the day, you're going to have to look into the mirror and accept who you are. It's all about being authentic.
The most dangerous leap is the leap to conclusions.
Never judge someone's character based on the words of another.
Your judgments about another person say more about your own character than the character of the person you are pointing a finger at.
Judging others is easy because it distracts us from the responsibility of judging ourselves.
Charles F. Glassman
When we generalize and judge people quickly without taking ample time, we've chosen a shortcut. It's superficial of us, and a lack of wisdom.
Assegid W. Habtewold
Praising God distracts us from the awful business of judging others and losing ourselves.
Brian A. Pankratz
He who judges himself will always judge others.
Judge not, that ye be not judged. For with judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
Do you, my friend, pass judgement on others? You have no excuse at all, whoever you are. For when you judge others and then do the same things which they do, you condemn yourself.
If you spend time judging and criticizing people, you will not have time to heal from your pain or brokenness. You cannot love yourself when you judge or criticize others who are created in God's image and after His Likeness...in which you are also created.
Judgment separates us from the people we want to be close to incredibly quickly. Whether it’s our internal self-judgment that shuts down opportunity for connection or our judgment of others that makes it hard for loved ones to open up to us, judgment is cancer for authenticity in
People make mistakes. When you judge them, you measure their weakness against your own strength. That’s not a fair measure. They have their strength, too. Their strength might be the weakest point in your life.
Nesta Jojoe Erskine
Only the shallow judge others, those with character know to judge themselves before they judge others.
We cannot judge either of the feelings or of the characters of men with perfect accuracy from their actions or their appearance in public; it is from their careless conversations, their half-finished sentences, that we may hope with the greatest probability of success to discover their real characters.
I know people can be judgmental and difficult. But if you shut yourself away from the world, you'll never see how beautiful it really is.
Judging others is space-time wasted.
Judging the things you do not understand is like a game of gambling where setbacks are often than success.
Let us not therefor judge one another any more: but judge this rather, that no man put a stumbling block or an occasion to fall in his brother's way.
Who judges others condemns himself.
Martin H. Manser
No man can justify censure or condemn another because indeed no man truly knows another.
Sir Thomas Browne
When it seems that God shows us the faults of others, keep on the safer side. It may be that thy judgment is false.
St. Catherine of Siena
You will not become a saint through other people's sins.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
The business of finding fault is very easy, and that of doing better very difficult.
St. Francis de Sales
The Lord knows those who are His. He will determine the saved and unsaved, and will never ask any man's opinion. So let's not give one.
A desire to disgrace others never sprang from grace.
Do not think of the faults of others but of what is good in them and faulty in yourself.
St. Teresa of Avila
A man's judgment of another depends more on the judging and on his passions than on the one being judged and his conduct.
Judging others makes us blind, whereas love is illuminating.
The only measure of judging a human being is through that person’s character, because character is not determined by race, religion, gender or social status.
We are all flawed and creatures of our times. Is it fair to judge us by the unknown standards of the future?
Never judge people based on their nationality, religion, race, gender, skin colour or look. Humans are all the same. They’re God’s loving children.
A man's judged by what he is and not what he was.
Go a little easy on the people around you. Try to reel in judging thoughts. Think before you speak.
We can learn how to stop judging and begin to accept and receive people where they are. Instead of judging them, we must become like them to win them.
Sandra M. Michelle

domain: literature


text:
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domain: chemistry


Siren Rock Brewing Company‘s VP of Production and Brewing Operations Hayes Cooper joins us for episode 162 of the podcast. Originally from the suburbs of Chicago, Hayes shares what made him choose the brewing industry over pre-med studies in college and his professional brewing journey before joining Siren Rock. The Rockwall, TX-based 13,000 sq. ft. brewery and restaurant recently won a Silver medal at this year’s Texas Craft Brewers Cup.
You’ll also hear upcoming events including Turning Point’s 5-Year Anniversary Party and why Jerry believes you should pick up the latest music from Superblue.
Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. Listen to the show with the player above or on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Amazon Music / Audible.
ENjoying the Show? Buy The Crew A Brew!
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text:
KFOR Investigation: School zone sex offenders
OKLAHOMA CITY – They have served their time behind bars and now they are living among us.
“There’s more sex offenders in Oklahoma City than police officers,” said MSgt. Gary Knight, with the Oklahoma City Police Department. “And, we have over 1,100 police officers.”
They are legally required to live at least 2,000 feet from school property.
We did weeks of research and discovered there are sex offenders living just blocks away from nearly every public school in Oklahoma City.
“And, that’s just a registered sex offender, too?” asked Oklahoma City resident Stephanie Rogers. “Wow, that’s crazy!”
A parent’s best defense is knowledge.
Monday at 10 p.m., we’ll show you the simple tool you can use to find out who’s living near your child’s school.
Lance West spent weeks mapping thousands of registered sex offenders in Oklahoma City.
He’ll show you which schools had the most and the only school with no sex offenders living nearby.
The results might surprise you.

domain: sociology


The Justices added five new cases including the case of a fired former Bremerton, Washington assistant high school football coach
Hilton Worldwide has been noted and recognized for its ongoing commitment to being an LGBTQ+ affirming corporation for the LGBTQ+ community
The U.S. District Court ruled that all New Yorkers are entitled to equal access to the public marketplace under the law
Alarms were set off in legal circles as some argued that Obergefell v. Hodges - the same-sex marriage decision, would be in danger
"No one is trying to suppress anyone's right to believe in their own faith- They're making it look like we're attacking religious freedom"
Christian Right groups promoting anti-LGBT practices in the US and abroad, despite bans, is nothing new: they’ve been doing it for decades
Over two periods of incarceration, Diamond has been sexually assaulted 18 times
Critics fault Trump’s use of ‘Chinese virus’
We already know that this year’s Super Bowl includes the first-ever openly LGBTQ coach in the event’s 54 year history. Now comes word it’s also going...
One Million Moms doubled down on its homophobic agenda on Monday after the Hallmark Channel’s weekend announcement that it would be reinstating ads it had previously...


First responder Gerry Realin worked nearly round-the-clock after the Pulse terror attack on June 12. But now, because of the PTSD that followed that tragic night, his family could lose everything, Realin’s wife said. Jessica Realin, said a loophole in state law lets police departments off the hook when their officers get PTSD. They said a Florida statue doesn’t recognize PTSD as a work related injury and therefore, workman’s compensation will not cover his treatment. Now the family is pushing to close a loophole in the state law. Right now, the police officer can't even drive by pulse without triggering his PTSD. Gerry Realin was one of the small group of offices who helped move the 49 people who died inside the club.
ORANGE COUNTY, Fla. — "When he got home, 2:30 the next morning, he came in very quiet, was different, looked at both of our kids, then went in the shower and just lost it," Jessica Realin said. "And he didn't stop crying. The next day, it was on and off. And it's just been really hard."
Gerry Realin now bounces between doctors for treatment and he said he worries the Orlando Police Department could stop paying his salary any time and one step from being unable to support his family. "The law has a very specific carve-out and, unfortunately, Officer Realin falls squarely within that carve-out,” said his attorney, Paolo Longo. Gerry Realin's lawyer said state law goes out of its way to require that first responders have a physical injury to accompany a psychological one. If not, they have legal right to collect lost wages. "It's not mandated under the law, right now, and that's what we're fighting to change,” Jessica Realin said. Just over a week since the Realin’s started pushing for a change in a loophole, he’s sitting in silence. Eyewitness News obtained a copy of OPD’s new media policy. The week-old policy asks officers to “be advised that such interviews may only be conducted with the approval of the appropriate division commander or designee.” That policy replaced an optional one saying officers were strongly urged to seek guidance before doing an interview. The police department told Eyewitness News that no one has ever barred Officer Realin from talking to the press. Eyewitness News is waiting to hear from the department how long it will pay him. Jessica Realin told Channel 9’s Field Sutton that she’s called lawmakers and gotten the cold shoulder. She said she hopes her family's nightmare will be enough to convince people in Tallahassee to cover first responders across the board. The family has set up a GoFundMe page to help with the increasing costs.
Cox Media Group


text:
Quickbeds.com is the online accommodation booking service of Flight Centre Ltd, Australia's largest travel agency group. Specialising in budget and last minute accommodation the Quickbeds.com brand has been built rapidly with extensive television and online marketing campaigns.
Transition to Google Analytics
When Quickbeds.com launched their new website in 2010 they migrated their visitor data to Google Analytics. Nic Blair, Quickbeds.com Digital Marketing Executive saw Google Analytics as a fast, flexible and cost effective way to get insights into visitor behaviour and allocate marketing budgets to build their accommodation brand.
"Benjamin Mangold, Analytics Director, and the team at Loves Data worked closely with us to implement Google Analytics," Nic Blair explained. "They made sure profiles were set up correctly and that our reporting was accurate."

domain: travel