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While one television at Greenfield’s Main Street Bar & Grille was tuned to NESN for a Boston Bruins game, another featured highlights from a World’s Strongest Man competition.
But instead of the flat screens hoisted on the walls, virtually all eyes inside 94 Main St. were directed toward a pair of coin-operated pool tables, where the latest installment of the Franklin County Pool League was underway.
“There’s some good players in this league,” player Gary Richardson said while watching a match. “It doesn’t matter how big this other guy is on the table. See, once you’re on the table, it’s you and the table anyway — it has nothing to do with this other guy. That’s what you’ve got to remember.”
Started in 1987 by Mike Arsenault, the league consists of teams that meet at area bars and pubs for friendly matches of 8-ball or 9-ball action.
Arsenault said he started the league because he was fed up with players not having any say in the ones run by the American Poolplayers Association. He said his league took off in popularity because players liked that it was local and that all their money stayed in the league.
“It was like my newborn and it grew,” he said. “And I ran it for 24 years.”
Arsenault said that when he decided to sell the league, he wanted to ensure the new owner would keep it going.
“All I wanted to do when I got rid of it was I wanted it to stay intact. I did not want to see it fall apart,” he said, noting he turned down an offer of twice the sale price for fear it would be dissolved. “I turned it down because I wanted this thing to keep going.”
Clinton Wells and his fiancee Kimberly Storey have run the league for about a year, having taken over from Brad Lewis. Thursdays are the nights for 8-ball, while 9-ball is played on Sundays.
“It’s just a league where everybody plays and there’s cash prizes at the end,” Wells said while watching a match at Smitty’s Pub at 26 Chapman St., a cue ball’s throw from the matches on Main Street. “Everybody has a good time.”
For the love of the hobby, and the family feel
Back at Main Street Bar & Grille, Richardson bided time until his match by watching others and reminiscing about his time in various pool leagues. The 67-year-old Brattleboro, Vt., native started playing at 14 and joined a league just as the idea was becoming popular. He said pool leagues were started by bars to get people in the door on slow Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday nights. He bought his trusty cue stick, a Meucci Original he calls his buddy, 45 years ago in Brattleboro for $400. Richardson said the item now has collector value.
“I’ve been playing forever. This is the only night I play. I don’t put my stick together until it’s time to play,” he said. “I don’t practice because I’ve played so much. … It can get boring and the other thing is … it makes it new to me.”
Each break scattered the balls around the table like the world’s easiest, most small-scale Easter egg hunt. Players lined up shots that occurred by happenstance or by design. All players echoed that concentration is key, as even the most experienced can shank an easy shot.
All 8-ball players belong to one of 18 teams named after the bars that serve as their home venues. Eight teams play 9-ball action. Matches are played in Greenfield, Turners Falls, Montague, Millers Falls, Shutesbury, Sunderland, Deerfield and Shelburne.
Weekly dues are $8 for individuals that play, as only five members of each eight-member team actually partake. Wells said 75 percent of dues go back to the players in cash payouts based on final standings. The remaining 25 percent goes toward the end-of-session player appreciation banquet, as well as door prizes and other raffle prizes given out at the banquet. There are two 16-week sessions, not including playoffs, every year. The spring session wraps up before Memorial Day and the fall session starts the week of Labor Day.
“Basically, the league is run by the players and we just organize and direct it so there isn’t chaos,” Wells commented.
Branch Rickey, who integrated Major League Baseball by signing Jackie Robinson to the Brooklyn Dodgers, is credited with saying baseball is “a game of inches.” Well, pool could be described as a game of millimeters.
“It’s a cruel game,” Richardson, who belongs to Main Street Bar & Grille Team No. 1, said after a player’s ball failed by a hair’s width to fall into a pocket. “Right when you think you’re good, it reaches up and says, ‘Haha, hold on.’”
Teammate Jim Andrews of Northfield eventually called a timeout to ask for Richardson’s advice on a shot. Each player gets a single coach’s assist — called a coach — per match, the league’s version of “Phone a Friend” from “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?” Calling for a second coach results in a foul. Richardson sprung from his booth to help Andrews and offer a suggestion.
“Everybody sees the table differently,” Richardson said after returning to his booth.
Once a match is finished, its players acknowledge each other with a handshake or fist bump.
“It’s like a big family,” Andrews said, adding that a friend got him involved in the league about 15 years ago. “Everybody knows everybody.
“It’s fun. It gets me out of the house,” he added. “It’s my thing on Thursday nights.”
Ladies of the league
The pool room at Main Street Bar & Grille was populated mostly by men, though Richardson said the league is open to all women, such as Storey, who said she learned to play in her parents’ basement, first standing on a milk crate to make shots, and has never stopped.
“I’m not as phenomenal as this woman here,” she said, gesturing to friend Stacie Bourbeau, “but I have the pleasure of playing with her, for sure. She’s amazing.”
Bourbeau, of Orange, is a semi-professional player and was planning a trip to Montreal last month to participate in the North American Pool Tour. She has visited cities such as Tulsa, Okla., Las Vegas, Nev., and Chicago, Ill., for tournaments, and she even got to socialize with legendary women’s player Jeanette “The Black Widow” Lee in 2011 while Lee signed autographs.
Bourbeau, who grew up in Bernardston, said she got her start at the former County Billiards, owned by Al Holmes in Turners Falls, about 25 years ago and joined the league at 17.
“I was allowed to play out of there because it was a dry venue,” she said as a New England Patriots game played on a TV in the background. “So, Mike Arsenault, the original owner (of the league), allowed me to play as long as I played only there.”
She said she enjoys pool because she likes the adrenaline of competition and “because when I do good, it’s me, (and) when I do bad, it’s all me.”
The Franklin County Pool League is a handicapped one and Wells does not foresee that changing anytime soon. He explained the more skilled the player, the higher the handicap. It is all calculated by an algorithm based on — among other factors — the strength of players’ previous wins or losses, the strength of an opponent’s handicap, and a player’s win/loss record over the past two sessions of play.
Each captain completes the weekly score sheet for his or her team, listing the competing players and their handicap. The team handicap is totaled and rounded up or down during regular session matches, but not during playoffs.
Wells said pool, and the Franklin County league in particular, offers a relaxed, accepting atmosphere for players who want to enjoy respectful matches while maintaining a competitive fire. He said unlike sports such as basketball or hockey, pool can accommodate people of different physical and athletic ability.
“It’s like the co-ed softball. No matter your skill set — whether you’re top end (like) Stacie or … if you’re on the low end of the totem pole — everybody has a chance, every single rack,” he said.
“It’s the winter alternative to golf,” Storey chimed in.
Domenic Poli joined the Greenfield Recorder in 2016. He covers Sunderland, Whately, Conway and Deerfield. He can be reached at: email@example.com or 413-772-0261, ext. 262.


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The Tampa Bay Buccaneers announced Week 5 inactives and Russell Gage is officially ACTIVE for their matchup against the Atlanta Falcons. Gage was listed as questionable this week due to a back injury. He was limited every day this week in practice but felt good enough in warmups to give it a go today.
Gage is active for his revenge game against his former team. The wideout spent the first four seasons of his career with the Falcons before signing with Tampa Bay in free agency. Gage has played in all four games this season and has shown potential while playing with Tom Brady. He has caught 21 of his 25 targets for 152 yards and a touchdown this season.
Gage will serve as the WR for the Bucs' offense as teammate Julio Jones was ruled out with a knee injury. He will still be third or potentially fourth regarding targets from Brady. This limits his upside, and he should only be used as a flex play in deeper fantasy football leagues. If you are desperate, you can flex him in other leagues if you're hoping for the revenge game narrative.

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From differential equations to Boolean networks: A Case Study in modeling regulatory networks
Methods of modeling cellular regulatory networks as diverse as differential equations and Boolean networks co-exist, however, without any closer correspondence to each other. With the example system of the fission yeast cell cycle control network, we here set the two approaches in relation to each other. We find that the Boolean network can be formulated as a specific coarse-grained limit of the more detailed differential network model for this system. This lays the mathematical foundation on which Boolean networks can be applied to biological regulatory networks in a controlled way. Keywords: Gene regulatory networks; yeast cell cycle; Boolean networks; computer simulations; differential equations, fission yeast.
The task of molecular cell biology is to comprehend the control of cellular processes of living cells encoded in the genome of the cell. These cellular processes are guided by sophisticated networks of interactions between the macromolecules of the cell as proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides. Their complexes and structures define the unique properties that enable them to perform the functions of the cell as, for example, catalysis of chemical transformations, production of movement, and heredity. The complexity of these processes demands not only advanced experimental techniques, but also adequate mathematical and computational models for understanding them (Gunsalus et al., 2005; Riel, 2006).
Today, there are different methods for modeling the complex networks of biochemical interactions, ranging from master equations based on first principles (Monte-Carlo method) (Gillespie, 1976; Gillespie, 1977), ordinary differential equations (ODE) (Aguda, 2006; Chen et al., 2000; Novak and Tyson, 1993; Novak and Tyson, 1997; Novak et al., 2001; Novak and Tyson, 2004; Sveiczer et al., 2000; Tyson et al., 2001; Tyson et al., 2003), stochastic differential equations (Fokker-Plank equations), all the way to Boolean networks (Albert and Othmer, 2003; Bornholdt, 2005; Sanchez and Thieffry, 2001; Thomas et al., 1995).
Among these methods, a most popular approach to modeling biochemical networks is via differential equations, based on the known chemical kinetics and successfully applied to describing numerous processes in living organisms (Chen et al., 2000; Novak and Tyson, 1993; Novak and Tyson, 1997; Novak et al., 2001; Novak and Tyson, 2004; Tyson et al., 2002). To build an ODE model, one starts with a schematic diagram representing the known interactions between components. Then this diagram is converted into a set of differential and algebraic equations. The full ODE model then consists of this set of rate equations, plus a set of parameter values as well as a set of initial conditions. The solutions of the ODEs give the time-dependence of each component of the system. In practice these solutions depend on rather detailed knowledge about all reactions and kinetic parameters.
In studies where prediction of exact reaction times is not an issue, simpler models than ODE and less parameters may be necessary for predicting the course of events in a regulatory network. For example, relevant features of cell commitment, cell cycle progression, and cell differentiation are already described in terms of a sequence of regulatory events (Albert and Othmer, 2003; Braunewell and Bornholdt, 2006; Davidich and Bornholdt, 2008; Li et al., 2004; Sanchez et al., 2001). In such cases, the much simpler modeling framework of Boolean networks may be a suitable method (Kaufmann, 1969; Thomas, 1973). Constructing a Boolean network model starts from a wiring diagram of interactions between biochemical elements as well, but no kinetic details are needed. Interactions are classified into just two classes, activation or inhibition, as well as the concentration levels being reduced to just an ON or OFF state.
Despite their extreme simplicity, such Boolean models are able to reproduce regulatory sequences, for example, models of genetic networks of A. thaliana, (Espinosa-Soto et al., 2004; Mendoza et al., 1999; Thum et al., 2003), the cell-cycle network of S. cerevisiae (Li et al., 2004), the mammalian cell-cycle (Faure et al., 2006), and the segment polarity gene network in D. melanogaster (Albert and Othmer, 2003; Sanchez et al., 2001). These examples show that the Boolean network approach provides reliable results for different organisms.
The two diverse methods just summarized (ODE and Boolean networks) are both based on the same “wiring” diagram of interactions between the components, however, use much different amounts of information about these interactions. This poses the interesting question how these two methods are related to each other. A first correspondence between Boolean network and ordinary differential equations has been drawn by Glass and collaborators (Glass and Kauffman, 1973; Glass and Hill, 1998) who explored the relationship between a class of non-linear equations representing biochemical control networks and homologous switching networks. They argued that such a correspondence can be achieved with the following requirements: 1) Rates of reactions are described by monotonic sigmoidal functions having distinct upper and lower asymptotes. 2) The parameters must be defined to match the upper or lower asymptote. 3) The target control function must correspond to the maximal or basal rate of biochemical processes. They subsequently demonstrated that there is a large variety of such functions as, e.g., the Heaviside function, the error function, or the Hill function defined for positive arguments.
This leads to a mapping between asymptotical solutions of the ODE system and the Boolean system, while omitting the exact way of transitions between dynamical states.
In this paper, we further explore the correspondence between ODE and Boolean network models considering a specific biological system and demonstrate how a working Boolean model can be derived in terms of a mathematically well defined coarse-grained limit of an underlying ODE model. As our working example we choose the fission yeast cell-cycle control network (Schizosaccharomyces Pombe). The division cell-cycle consists of four phases G1–S–G2–M, during which DNA is replicated and the cell divides itself into two cells. The main role is played by ”Cyclin-Dependent-Kinases” (CDKs) and cyclins that bind to CDKs to form complexes. CDKs, while being present at all times, can only be active in complexes with cyclins. Cyclins are synthesized or degraded depending on other regulatory activities. Another important participant of the process is an enzyme complex called the ”Anaphase-Promoting Complex” (APC), which targets cyclins for degradation. In summary, ”to understand the molecular control of cell reproduction is to understand the regulation of CDK and APC activities” (Tyson et al., 2002). These processes, while being complicated, have been well studied for fission yeast S. Pombe and successful ODE models (Novak et al., 2001) exist. We choose the most widespread version of the model (Novak et al., 2001), as often cited in textbooks, which will serve us as a starting point for our study.
The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we show the passage from the ODE system of algebraic differential equations for the fission yeast cell cycle, to the limit of the corresponding Boolean model which we construct. Here also the difficulties that one can meet when works with Boolean approaches are discussed. Section 3 explores the dynamics of the derived Boolean model of the fission yeast cell-cycle.
Finally, in the discussion section the properties of the obtained system are recapitulated and the Boolean and ODE approaches are compared.
Ii Boolean variables as stationary states
The passage from a differential equations model to a Boolean model requires the mapping of continuous solutions (Novak et al, 2001) into the ON/OFF states of a Boolean network’s nodes. In order to achieve this, the time evolution of a function, determined by the rate functions and kinetic constants, has to be replaced with a discrete mapping of the node set into itself. Moreover, the rules of this self-mapping have to be governed by logical functions, connecting the binary states of interacting nodes. The dynamics of the resulting Boolean network is an ordered sequence of states of the network nodes, instead of the continuous time output of the ODE model. Having this in mind, let us find the conditions, which allow to perform the transition from a differential equations model to a Boolean system. In the following, we will first describe the passage of the continuous variables to discrete states and, in a second step, construct the logical functions representing the dynamics.
ii.1 Stationary states of ODE system
The model of the fission yeast cell-cycle (Novak, 2001) is based on the antagonist interaction of -cyclin complex with (via proteins and ) and inhibitor . The CDK-cyclin complex (Cdc2/Cdc13) is represented by two variables – and (“Maturation Promoting Factor”). Furthermore, helper molecules (Start Kinase , transcription factor , kinase , phosphatase , and time-delay enzyme ) participate in the process. Regulatory interaction between these macromolecules are described by two types of equations – differential equations for , , , , , , and algebraic equations for , , and variables. Among the first ones, some are of Michaelis-Menten type (, , ) and some are exponential growth (, ) equations. The mass variable plays a special role as it parametrizes the time evolution in the system. The ODE model (Novak, 2001) uses arbitrary units for concentrations in all equations, since there are few data of actual protein concentrations. The kinetic constants deretmine the right timing of the processes. Solutions of the system show that the concentrations of the major proteins in general rise or decrease steeply.
To make the transition to a Boolean system, we first need to rescale the differential equations such that their solutions assume values between 0 (inactive) and 1 (maximum activity). This is a first step towards mapping these variables onto Boolean OFF/ON variables with values 0 and 1. The rescaling does not change the form of equations, it only affects the values of kinetic constants. To do this, let us divide all functions by their respective maximum value. For example, for we introduce the new rescaled function =, where is the amplitude of the original solution. Rescaling all variables except we obtain:
where the Goldbeter-Koshland (GK) (Goldbeter and Koshland, 1981; Novak et al., 2001) function has the following general form:
Square brackets denote the concentrations of their elements. The subscript 1 marks the rescaled variables with maximum 1. The new values of parameters are shown in Table 1.
Next we map the continuous solution of the ODE model (Novak et al, 2001) into the discrete states of a Boolean network’s nodes. Since in a Boolean model there is no continuous time, but rather a sequence of switching events between two stationary states of the nodes, one needs to reduce (whereever possible) the initial dynamics of the system to a sequence of the evolution of stationary states. For this, one can use the results of a bifurcation analysis (Novak et al., 2001) of the transitions during the cell cycle. Thus, there are some variables (, , ) that are described by Goldbeter-Koshland (GK) functions (Novak et al., 2001) in the stationary state:
The characteristic properties of the GK function imply that its variable mainly resides in two limiting states: High and Low. The transition time between them is short (as the variables are small). Therefore, we approximate them as Boolean (binary) variables.
It is easy to see that determines only the amplitude and the smoothness of the transition in (19), therefore, we neglect as a first step towards a Boolean model and write
The states of the remaining variables can be described by Golbeter-Koshland functions, as well. For , while the equation for this variable is exponential, one can evaluate the right-hand part through a GK function with the stationary solution (Novak et al., 2001):
Furthermore, there are three algebraic equations for (10), (11), and (12) that contain Golbeter-Koshland functions. Here, again, the two limiting states of the GK function will be related to the binary ON/OFF version of the corresponding variables in the Boolean limit.
Finally, we will simplify the functional behavior for the , , and , as well. Again we want to neglect the exact path of their transitions, keeping the limiting stationary states, eventually enabling us to take the limit of Boolean functions as a simplified description of the dynamics. Equations with the following requirements will allow us to take this limit:
a) In a small neighborhood of the switching point, the functional behavior can be approximated by an exponential rise.
b) On the larger interval, it has a stationary solution with the steep transition between two limiting stationary states.
c) This function converges to the Heaviside function in the limit of steep transition.
In the following we will see that the Michaelis-Menten dynamics fulfils these requirements, resulting in exact conformity of initial and final states and permitting a well controlled passage to a Boolean function. Let us start from the Michaelis-Menten equation
and first check the condition a). Expanding (22) in the neighborhood of switching points where and keeping leading order terms yields
This is a common equation of exponential growth/decrease. This allow us to take equations of exponential growth as an expansion of (23) in the neighborhood of switching ON/OFF points. For , for example, the equation
is the expansion of the equation
For illustration, in Fig. 1, this function is compared to the initial .
Condition b) is satisfied as well, since the stationary states of (22) are described by a Goldbeter-Koshland function. Validity of condition c) is shown in the next section.
Thus, for the above equations we have a system of GK-functions which are responsible for the transitions between stationary states:
One can see in Fig. 1 that the new and initial functions start to grow and start to decrease at the same times, respectively. Note that the obtained substituted equations (26-28) play only a helper role and cannot be directly applied to the initial system of differential equations. The complete correspondence of the obtained system to the initial one is achieved by the limit transition shown in section II.2.
Summarizing all information above we obtain the system of equations (10-12), (17-18), (20-21), (26-28), describing the stationary states of the corresponding variables. The next step is to perform a transition from the continuous functions to discrete functions. In functions with continuous time, the stepwise change corresponds to the Heaviside function.
ii.2 Passage to Boolean variables
We now show that there is an exact passage from the function of Goldbeter-Koshland (Goldbeter and Koshland, 1981) to the indicator function (Heaviside step function). Let us remark that in (16) the parameters and are functional variables, whereas and (in (10-12), (17-18), (20-21), (26-28) they are denoted as variables ) are usually fixed and small in all equations. The range of values of , varies from 0.001 to 0.01 and only one time for it takes on the value 0.3. Very small parameters and mean that the enzyme-substrate complex is tightly bound and hardly dissociates. Thereby in (Novak et al., 2001) an assumption is made that the enzyme-substrate complexes involved are very stable (Aguda, 2006). For this reason, let us consider the behavior of the corresponding GK-functions in the limiting case , while and take finite values.
First note that, both, numerator and denominator depend on . Moreover, is a numerator’s factor. At the same time, appears in a sum with the finite terms in the denominator, only (except at the point ). Therefore, we can assume, without loss of generality, that and consider below
Using the Taylor expansion of the square root in the denominator and neglecting higher powers of , we obtain for all points
There are two possible cases:
This implies that there is a passage to the limit from Goldbeter-Koshland function to the Heaviside function :
Thus, in this limit, the variable plays the role of an activator input and the variable is an inhibitor input. The output is active/inactive (its Boolean value is equal to one/zero) if the total value of activator inputs is larger/smaller than the total value of inhibitor inputs. Thus, the Goldbeter-Koshland-function converges to the Heaviside function in the limit of steep transitions.
ii.3 Logical Boolean functions
Let us now rewrite the system of equations in the limit of the parameters (, , , , , , , , , and the corresponding parameters in equations (20), (26-28) equations) as
Let us add two simplifications to the equations (32) and (34-35). In equation (32), the coefficient and thus can be neglected. In equation (34), can have two possible values: 0.115 and 1. The first one can be reduced to 0 since it does not change the behavior of the system and analogous for
As a result we have a system of ten equations, where all variables, except and take values 0 or 1. and cannot be described in this formalism. is represented by an algebraic equation which cannot be reduced to the GK-function. Taking a closer look, the solution of does not reach a simple stationary state, instead there are three typical states of in the system (, , ) – OFF, intermediate and high activation.
1) If then , independently of the states of and .
2) If and then , independently of the state of . This corresponds to an intermediate level, where prevents high excitation.
3) If , , and , then , with its value slightly decreasing to if . This corresponds to a high level of activation, when is activated by and this activation is not reduced by .
Let us reformulate these rules in the following. Assume there are two variables – and . The first one is activated by . For activation of the second variable , one assumes that has to be present as a low-level and should be inactive. Thereby, one needs to rewrite the system of equations (30), (36-37) taking into account which level of excitation of is crucial for each particular variable.
Second, as in the model based on differential equations the cell mass takes a special role in the present model. The solution (Novak et al., 2001) treats it during a cell growth as an independent variable, which is described by an exponential growth function (9). Thus, the variable corresponds to a time in this system, which drives the evolution between stationary states (Novak et al, 2001). In the system, directly influences and . As soon as reaches a threshold value, it activates and induces the sequence of consecutive transitions between stationary states. For it plays a role of constantly positive input, is always active unless has a high activity.
As a criterium for the end of the cycle, Novak et al. (Novak et al., 2001) determine when the cell divides by monitoring the values of the other variables. When these chosen variables have certain values that indicate the end of the cell cycle, the current value of is divided by two manually, as at the end of mitosis the cell divides into two daughter cells of approximately equal masses. Subsequently, continues its exponential growth, again.
Following this strategy, one needs to distinguish between two principal different values – and in the Boolean model. Here works at the beginning of the cell cycle as a trigger of switching events, whereas play a role of an indicator for the end of the cell cycle. Correspondingly, becomes at the end of mitosis, when , and all have high concentrations.
Thus, one can add the following Boolean rule:
Thus, we have a system of equations (43-53), where each variable can take values 0 or 1, only. It is easy to simplify this system, reducing the kinetic coefficients to 0 or 1 and adding thresholds. Consider, for example, . In Table 2, based on equation (36), we show all possible cases for . In a more compact form, where the kinetic constants are reduced to 1, these rules become
Repeating the same procedure for all variables, we obtain the system of equations:
Iii Boolean model
We now have a system of algebraic equations (54-63), which describe the switch-like transitions between stationary states, plus Boolean equations (43-44),(64-65) for and . Note that in this discrete system, no information about continuous time is present any more, except the sequence of events. To obtain this discrete dynamical sequence, we iteratively solve the system. We start from the known initial conditions (Novak et al., 2001): , , =1, , , with all other variables being . Following the terminology of Boolean models, each variable is represented by one node. The network of nodes is shown in Fig.2. Each node has only two states, (active) and (inactive). The index is the number of iterations. The iterative solution of the system has the following general form:
with the Heaviside function
All nodes are updated synchronously, which corresponds to the iteration of the full dynamical system. The interaction matrix and the state vector determine the transition rule between states.
The specific values of the interactions are determined as follows. All interactions between a pair of nodes are defined by an interaction strength given as the elements and an activation threshold . Positive (negative) arguments of the -functions have (. for , this rule is true only for node, since it is described by a growing exponential function.
The resulting matrix and vector have the following form:
Iv Results of Boolean simulation of the fission yeast cell cycle
First we run the model described in the previous section with the initial conditions (Novak et al., 2001). The temporal evolution of the protein states is presented in Table 3. One can see that the iterative solution of the system (43-44) (54-65) is the switching between unstable stationary states, which coincide with the corresponding evolution in the ODE model. The final state is a stable stationary state of the system. One notices that the initial and end states are identical except for the activation of the nodes and . The update of nodes and , keeping all other nodes in the same states, starts the new cycle. This cycling of the model is similar to the realization of cycling in the original model of differential equations.
Let us briefly summarize our coarse-graining strategy that we followed in this article.
In Fig. 3, we show consecutive abstractions of the model for the and variables as an example. For this we first plot the dynamics of the differential equations model, then the evolution between the stationary states solutions of the ODE model, and finally the sequence of states obtained from the iterated Boolean network model.
In the next step we run the model starting from each of the possible initial states. We find that from all initial states flows into one big attractor. This attractor is the same stable stationary state that one obtains starting with biological conditions described above.
Let us also compare the behavior of mutants. We model two mutations – and described in (Novak et al., 2001). In Boolean models one cannot distinguish between reduced activity and no activity. This is why we model as in both cases. We run the model starting with wild type initial conditions, but with deleted nodes , and in the second case and . In both mutations, the number of steps is reduced to 12, as compared to 14 in the wild type cell cycle described in the previous section. This suggests that the cell can divide at a smaller size than the wild type, where both mutations are viable. Our results are in accordance with the predictions of the earlier differential equation model (Novak et al., 2001).
iv.2 Comparison with an existing Boolean model for the fission yeast cell cycle
It is interesting to compare this model with another Boolean model for the fission yeast cell cycle (Davidich and Bornholdt, 2008) that was built on known biochemical interactions between proteins, only. Both models are quite similar and have the same connections between homologue nodes. Their dynamics matches the wild type signaling sequence during the cell cycle. The difference is that in the current model the nodes , , , correspond to only two nodes Cdc2/Cdc13 and Cdc2/Cdc13* in (Davidich and Bornholdt, 2008). So in the model (Davidich and Bornholdt, 2008), the complex Cdc2/Cdc13 can have two levels of activation - medium and high. The intermediate level corresponds to sole activation of the Cdc2/Cdc13 node, whereas a high level of activation is represented by activation of both, Cdc2/Cdc13 and Cdc2/Cdc13* .The last one plays the role of a dephosphorylated Cdc2/Cdc13, that closely corresponds to in (Novak et al., 2001). In the current model, the node was separated into two nodes and as well, to distinguish different levels of activation.
The formulas responsible for evolution of proteins are similar in a sense that in both a threshold activation rule is used. In the model (Davidich and Bornholdt, 2008), proteins remain active if the corresponding node was not switched-off by other incoming inhibiting signals. This rule means that if the protein was activated it requires some other signals to change its state. Whereas in the current model one needs to have always a positive incoming signal in order to keep the protein in its active form.
V Discussion and Conclusion
In this paper, our aim is to make a connection between two successfully used methods - the ODE and the Boolean models for predicting properties of a real biological process. In particular, we show a possible limit transition between the ODE and the Boolean model for the fission yeast cell cycle. For this purpose the known ODE model (Novak et al., 2001) of fission yeast has been chosen.
In order to do the transition, first the differential equations are rewritten in a such way that the solutions of equations reach 1 in their maximum values. Then the obtained equations are transformed in a limiting procedure to Boolean functions. Firstly, Michaelis-Menten equations and equations with switch-like behavior can be directly reduced to Boolean functions. Secondly, a set of equations with sigmoidal transfer functions can be replaced with Michaelis-Menten equations without changing the sequence of states through which the system evolves. Thirdly, there are also some cases that cannot be reduced to the two previous ones. It happens when the variable is described by a constantly growing function or a function which has distinctly different levels. In this case we propose in the Boolean model to substitute those variables with two labeling intermediate and high activity of it. Finally, all continuous solutions of equations are mapped into ON/OFF states of Boolean network and the transition between states are described by Boolean functions.
This Boolean model reproduces the results of the initial ODE model (Novak et al., 2001). In particular, starting with initial conditions as in (Novak et al., 2001), the system evolves through the same sequence of states. The second evidence of similar behavior of the ODE and the Boolean model is the robustness to the initial conditions. The Boolean model has a dominant attractor (), attracting most of the trajectories, starting from different initial conditions. The dominant attractor coincides with initial biological conditions of the system. The ability to model mutations in the Boolean approach additionally confirms a good correspondence between the ODE and the Boolean model.
We find that the transition to a Boolean model is possible for differential equations, which have monotonic sigmoidal functions with distinct upper and lower asymptotes. In particular, firstly, in our case Michaelis-Menten equations are reduced to S-shaped GK-functions which have the necessary asymptotes (Glass and Kauffman, 1973; Glass and Hill, 1998). This function works as a switch between the cases when parameters are defined as the upper or lower asymptote and the target control function corresponds to the maximal or basal rate of biochemical processes. Secondly, here substituting some equations that have monotonic sigmoidal functions on the right-hand-side with Michaelis-Menten functions, we also find, that the exact form of the sigmoidal function does not strongly influence the behavior of the system. The comparison of the current model with a previous Boolean model for fission yeast reveals that they both have a similar set of variables (proteins) and similar Boolean functions responsible for update.
Our results also confirm the idea that some molecular control networks are so robustly designed that timing is not a critical factor (Braunewell and Bornholdt, 2006). In our case it is possible to reproduce the main results of (Novak et al., 2001) without including time, but reproducing the right sequence of events. It supports the idea that the Boolean approach could contain sufficient information. Thereby one needs less information about the system, the knowledge about reactions on the level of activation/inhibition is sufficient, which eliminates the problem of finding the right kinetic constants. Another advantage is the low computational cost of Boolean networks. The problems one meets working with the Boolean approach are that it is sometimes difficult to reduce the concentration level of some proteins only to ON/OFF states. Sometimes there are intermediate states of concentration which need to be separated from high concentration. In this case two methods are possible. One is, as we implemented it here, to divide this variable into two and to perform as two different nodes in a system. Doing this, one needs to take into account the differences in influences of this protein when it has intermediate and high concentration. Another solution for a such situation could be the introduction of two discrete levels of concentration that the protein can have, for example 1 for intermediate and 2 for high concentration, which was used in modeling gene regulatory network model for flower development (Espinosa-Soto et al., 2004).
We would like to note that the ODE and the Boolean approach are both useful methods. The advantage of the ODE approach is that it provides detailed information about the system at any given time in contrast to the Boolean method, which reproduces only the right sequence of events. But the costs for this information are the following. One needs to have exhaustive information about the reactions, where the most difficult part is to find the right kinetic constants. Also it demands more computational costs to find the solution of the system. One could say that the ODE approach is appropriate when the system is well studied and it is necessary to make a detailed study of all reactions that take place. On the other hand if the task is to understand the main principles of some process and one has less information, the Boolean approach is very suitable to use.
- (1) Aguda, D. B., 2006. Modeling the Cell Division Cycle, Lect. Notes Math. 1872, 1-22.
- (2) Albert R., Othmer H. G., 2003. The topology of the regulatory interactions predicts the expression pattern of the Drosophila segment polarity genes. J. Theor. Biol. 223, 1-18., doi: 10.1016/S0022-5193(03)00035-3.
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- (15) Kauffman, S. A., 1969. Metabolic stability and epigenesis in randomly constructed genetic nets. J. Theor. Biol. 22, 437-467., doi:10.1016/0022-5193(69)90015-0.
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domain: literature


text:
Friday, April 13, 2018
Store credit is bogus. Give me my money. I bought and patronized your store. Should be able to give me a refund… If Walmart and stores can do it why can’t your online store do it?
When I bought some metal “jewelry” pieces… I placed two orders and they couldn’t consolidate the shipping.

domain: economics


Stand with your team in the Brooklyn Nets Nike Dri-FIT Long-Sleeve NBA T-Shirt, featuring a large graphic across the front.
- Dri-FIT technology helps keep you dry and comfortable.
- Lightweight knit fabric feels soft to the touch.More Details
- Printed graphics
- Crew neck
- Fabric: 57% cotton, 43% polyester
- Machine wash
- 57% COTTON
- 43% POLYESTER


text:
Chives Launching Breakfast Food Truck
The Chives food truck garden will add a new retro diner to their stable this May with the launch of a breakfast truck run by the owners of Morning Glory of Door County, the Sturgeon Bay and Southern Door breakfast staples.
The diner, a converted 25-foot gooseneck trailer fabricated by Ray’s Welding And Custom Steel Fabricating Inc and reminiscent of a classic American diner, will round out the meal offerings that already includes Chives Grill and Griddle and Harbor Pizza Company. The Chives to Go Bar will open early to serve coffee, mimosas, bloody marys, and other breakfast-centric specialty cocktails.
It builds on a new business concept by Chives owner, JR Schoenfeld. Shifting from a food truck court run entirely by Chives Staff, the trucks will be owned by Chives but will each be managed independently by chef entrepreneurs. Functioning similarly to a co-op, the model gives managers a format to grow their skills and deliver an exciting mix of offerings to downtown Baileys Harbor.
Morning Glory owners German and Nerymar Ramirez have worked both back and front house since 2010, purchasing the restaurant in 2015. In 2021 the pair opened Morning Glory by the Bay in downtown Sturgeon Bay.
“We fell in love with the restaurant. Our happiness comes out of serving our customers. We are excited to spread our service further north up the peninsula and operate the mobile diner,” said Nerymar.

domain: news


text: Desiree Bailey was born in Trinidad and Tobago and grew up in Queens, NY. She has a BA from Georgetown and an MFA in Fiction from Brown University. She has received fellowships from Princeton in Africa, the Norman Mailer Center, and Callaloo Creative Writing Workshop. She is a recipient of the 2013 Poets and Writers’ Amy Award. Her work is published or is forthcoming in Callaloo, Best American Poetry, Muzzle, Blackberry and other publications. She is currently the fiction editor at Kinfolks Quarterly.


text:
"Lord Of The Rings" Legolas Wig Dk Blonde Synthetic Hair Costume Wig With Braids
Made my outfit a crowd-pleaser.
Everyone loved my outfit. Note though that it can be a little tricky to get the ears & hair oriented well with each other.
Friday Night Dinner S5 (UK IMPORT) DVD [REGION 2] NEW
Excellent show, DVDs worked great
DVDs worked fine, despite the fact that they were from the UK and I am in the US. I just had to change a setting in the player program. The show is well worth it!

domain: entertainment


Freckled Mama Boutique
AMAZING GRACE Green Graphic Top
Regular price $35.00
Shipping calculated at checkout.
AMAZING GRACE HOW SWEET THE SOUND Mineral Washed Graphic Top -100% Premium Cotton Jersey. -Relaxed unisex fit. -Screen Printed with water based ink. -All items are slightly different because of the dying process of the garment.


It was the beginning stages of the pandemic for the couples, but you could barely tell.
The couples spent the majority of Married at First Sight Season 11 Episode 12, reminiscing on how far they have come and celebrating their one-month anniversary.
It’s the most blissful all of the couples have been as they relived their wedding days and reexamined how they feel about one another and their futures.
Henry & Christina
Oddly, it took Christina looking back on their wedding day to notice how close and affectionate they were, and Henry was willing to be with her.
It raises an interesting question or rather confirms what some of us have speculated about Henry’s level of comfort with Christina dwindling as the process progressed.
For the most part, we didn’t spend much time with the couple and depending on how you feel about this couple, who have mostly been uncomfortable, it’s a good thing.
Henry spent some time with his friend, Kristin, and he sought her advice on how to proceed with his relationship. He shared with her the recent issues with Christina, particularly what she said about his lack of confidence.
Henry’s relationship with Kristin is bizarre, and every time they show her, viewers are wondering if she’s the one who has feelings for Henry. She’s almost territorial when it comes to him, and she was not a fan of Christina at the wedding.
Kristin was one of the most vocal of Henry’s gaggle of female friends who judged Christina before they even knew her. And it always felt a though it came from a place of jealousy or something.
Hell, maybe Kristin was picking up vibes, but she was someone who said she would not respect Henry’s marriage and didn’t consider it real.
Kristin’s advice to Henry, while heartfelt, also wasn’t coming from a place of someone who was rooting for the pair. She did remind him that he shouldn’t have to be with someone who wants him to change who he is.
And then, the conversation shifted to Christina’s behavior with production. The series has brought it up and showed footage of it way too many times for it to be a minor, exaggerated issue.
Christina had another one of her moments where she was frustrated with production during the dinner party they had at their apartment. It’s hardly surprising, but by now, it’s difficult to ignore the pattern and frequency or the effects it has on how Henry perceives her.
Meanwhile, Christina spent some time with her one friend from the housewarming party, and they discussed the lack of intimacy she has with Henry.
Christina is used to having sex with someone by now, and she’s not used to waiting for a guy to show interest. She also mentioned that there are plenty of men who wanted to marry her.
It’s a weird thing to say for someone who has signed up for this process. It reaffirms that Christina’s annoyance tends to be that Henry isn’t trying to jump her bones like other men, but she admitted she hasn’t attracted or dated the best guys, so what good is comparing Henry to them?
It seems she’s had that epiphany herself, but it’s hard to know if it matters in the end. Christina was amazed watching their tapes and seeing that they did kiss multiple times at their wedding.
They haven’t done that since, and fresh off of reliving the two of them at their best, Christina told him that she would stop comparing him to her exes. Of course, it came with a few comments and jabs thrown in.
It was an uneventful installment for the pair, and it seemed as though they were fine, but by now, it feels like we’re biding time until they choose not to be with each other.
Henry isn’t who Christina wants, and Christina is someone Henry isn’t attracted to, and she doesn’t make him feel good about himself. They’re in the friendzone; hell, they feel more like two work friends who are cordial to each other but never see one another outside of the job getting stuck in a house together.
Brett & Olivia
What the hell happened with these two? Olivia has expressed that Brett is two different people.
She arranged for them to have a meeting with Pastor Cal, and she shared that Brett behaves differently in front of the camera than off.
Ironically, after a glimpse of the house camera footage (rather than the cameramen videoing them), they both seem like totally different people when they forget they’re on TV.
Up until this point, Olivia has behaved as if she’s not affectionate and annoyed by everything Brett does, but in the footage, the two of them were playfully kissing and snuggling.
It was quite a shock considering they’ve had zero physical chemistry during this entire process.
Pastor Cal tried to dig into Olivia’s trust issues. She didn’t believe anything Brett said or did, whether he was sarcastic or genuine. Their disputes were a reflection of those problems.
And Brett admitted that he is cognizant of the cameras at times; it’s impossible not to be. But he was reminded about how often he resorts to humor and sarcasm.
It was a decent session for the pair, and they seemed to be in a nice place afterward. They enjoyed themselves watching their wedding, and Olivia seemed lighter and more hopeful than she’s been for some time.
They’re still one of the most confounding couples of the season. I don’t know what to believe or think about them anymore.
Miles & Karen
Some of the best moments of the season are when Woody and Amani, and Miles and Karen hang out with one another. They all have such an easy camaraderie that feels as though they’ve been friends for years.
And then they suck you into it, and you feel as though you’ve been their friends for years. What also makes those moments some of the best is the effect it has on Karen.
She’s at her most laidback and fun when she’s interacting with the other couple, and it feels as though we see the real Karen and not the reserved bordering on uptight woman who is closed off from Miles.
Miles joked with the other couple that he doesn’t always know how Karen feels about him or if she’s attracted to him, but there was truth behind those jokes.
It could’ve led to an argument or something between the two, but when they went over their wedding vows later and talked with one another, you could tell there was some progress made.
Did anyone else smile when Miles had his hand resting on her leg? It seems like nothing to most people, but for them, it was a huge deal.
Woody & Amani
Woody and Amani have been smooth-sailing through most of this experience. On the one hand, they’re an enjoyable couple with the personalities to lead a spinoff of their own.
On the other hand, they haven’t hit any bumps in their relationship, and when things did arise, they pushed them away into unresolved land. It leaves the viewers holding their breaths, waiting for the other shoe to drop.
Their bickering about getting a dog was endearing, and Woody and Amani barely addressed their potential budget issues.
Woody likes to spend money on clothes and other things, and Amani has her reservations about that. However, you’d have thought the conversation didn’t happen when Woody went and bought her diamond earrings for their one-month anniversary.
Amani made him a nice dinner, and they spent quality time together. Things like that can be serious issues for a couple if they don’t discuss them and get on the same page.
Bennett & Amelia
Bennett and Amelia have the weirdest, coolest, and the most genuine batch of family and friends imaginable. It’s something about these oddballs that endear you to them.
Bennett and his sister probably had a fascinating life growing up, and you can tell when they talk to each other. But there were some more concerns about Amelia relocating and Bennett giving up so much for someone who may not feel the same as him.
And Amelia’s friend, who was vibing so hard with Amelia it made you wonder if they were exes, was right there to encourage Amelia to lay her heart out there and give Bennett a beautiful present for their anniversary.
Bennett, who looked every bit like a camp counselor, coming into the apartment with a random blender — that wasn’t even in a box — was one of the funniest moments of the installment. Amelia was thrilled to have a blender.
But it was the sweetest when Amelia sang Bennett a song she wrote for him. They’re such a precious pair.
It was also heartwarming when Bennett took her for a walk and told her that he loved her. She feels the same about him, so they’re on the same track.
In fact, they’re the only couple who has told each other that they love one another. Woody told Amani, but she’s still holding out.
She isn’t in love with him yet, but they’re on the path toward it.
Overall, the season has struggled with pacing and editing. The installment dragged on for two hours, and there was little substance to support it.
Then the promos tease us with the juicy drama we’ve been craving, and whether or not they deliver on it is a whole other story.
Over to you, MAFS Fanatics.
What did you think of the anniversary celebrations? Are you happy Bennett confessed his feelings to Amelia? Hit the comments.
You can watch Married at First Sight online here via TV Fanatic.
Jasmine Blu is a senior staff writer for TV Fanatic. Follow her on Twitter.


text:
A smile. Solid eye contact. Appropriate dress and behavior. For a teen who has experienced trauma or hasn’t benefited from positive role models, these simple behaviors can be challenging. Even more challenging is dealing with disappointment, frustration or anger.
Learning positive, healthy ways to interact with others is essential to helping these young women and men change the trajectories of their lives.
Modeling and reinforcing these life lessons that are the basis of successful family, work and social relationships are integrated throughout Youth With Faces programming. We talk about appropriate ways to talk, act and dress, as well as positive approaches to resolve problems and disagreements. Then, we create opportunities to practice in real-life situations – whether it be in a team assignment in career class or serving a restaurant patron through the culinary program.

domain: psychology


There are a vast number of manufacturing methods available to the modern manufacturer, regardless of which industry you're operating in — and water jet cutting is one of the most versatile methods. In the past, water jet cutting was restricted to use in soft materials only, but there are also ways of making this method work for stronger materials such as titanium. Either way, the materials are cut using an extremely high-pressure water jet, either with or without additional abrasive materials such as gravel. It's a precise and highly efficient process. But which of the two options is most suited to your manufacturing project?
Water Jet Cutting
Sometimes referred to as pure water jet cutting, this method uses no abrasive materials to strengthen the stream of water and cuts purely with water pressure. As such, it is suited to softer or less dense materials such as paper, clay and wood. As only the water is used to cut the materials, there is no associated heat output. This is one of the key benefits to water jet cutting, as many other methods incur high temperature changes which can damage or adversely affect some products.
Abrasive Jet Cutting
If the materials you wish to use are strong, such as granite or titanium, then abrasive jet cutting is the preferable option. With the addition of the abrasive — sometimes aluminium oxide, but many different alternates are used — the water pressure can provide just as accurate and precise a cut through hard materials as pure water jet cutting can through soft ones. Just like pure jet cutting, there is no associated temperature change.
There are few limits to the complexity of design that water jet cutting can permit. Some angles of cutting may be difficult and require complex solutions, but if this is the case, an expert will likely be able to help you rethink the manufacturing process to avoid this. Equally, the method is extremely clean; it is often used in the food industry, for example in meat-cutting, because it does not require a blade or cutting device of any kind to touch the product. As such, if contamination is an issue for you, this could be an ideal method.
Some materials are simply too strong even for abrasive jet cutting; specifically, the material must be softer than the abrasive being used. You can speak directly to a water jet manufacturer about this.
Whatever you will be manufacturing, using a water jet cutter is well worth your consideration as a manufacturing process.


NSW funds DV refuges
The NSW Government says it is spending almost $500 million on 75 new domestic violence refuges.
The state says that over the next four years it will double the number of places in refuges for women and children escaping domestic violence.
New refuges are set to be built in areas of high demand, including in regional and rural parts of the state.
Every year more than 7,500 women across Australia return to violent partners because they have nowhere else to live. One woman is killed every nine days, on average, by a current or former partner.
Currently, half of all women seeking a refuge have to be turned away due to lack of space. Domestic and family violence is the leading cause of homelessness for women and children, illustrating the high demand for these critical services.
Coming out of lockdown, experts expect that specialist services will be in even higher demand.
The new spending will come to a total of $484.3 million – the single biggest investment in tackling domestic and family violence in NSW’s history.
Of this, $426.6 million over four years will be spent to expand the state’s ‘Core and Cluster’ system to deliver and operate around 75 extra women’s refuges that support women and children escaping domestic violence.
Under the Core and Cluster model, self-contained accommodation is located next to a ‘core’, which provides access to services including counselling, legal assistance, education, and employment support. The sites contain meeting rooms, audio-visual equipment for court appearances, communal kitchens, and playgrounds.
Up to $52.5 million will be spent over four years on the Community Housing Innovation Fund (CHIF) partnership, bringing in the community housing sector to provide approximately 200 sustainable, social and affordable housing dwellings for women experiencing domestic and family violence.
Also, $5.2 million over four years will go towards a trial in two districts to provide dedicated support for accompanied children and young people experiencing or at risk of homelessness, with a focus on children and young people impacted by domestic and family violence.
For confidential advice, support and referrals, contact: 1800 RESPECT (1800 737 732), The NSW Domestic Violence Line (1800 65 64 63), NSW Rape Crisis (1800 424 017) or Men's Referral Service (1300 766 491). In an emergency, call Triple Zero (000).


text:
ACLU of Alabama Comment on Governor Order to Resume Parole Hearings
MONTGOMERY, Ala. — Today, Governor Ivey issued a supplemental emergency proclamation to allow for the Alabama Bureau of Pardons and Paroles to resume parole hearings. This order comes less than one week after the ACLU of Alabama’s Campaign for Smart Justice released new data showing a severe backlog of close to 4,000 people, or 15 percent of the overall population currently incarcerated in Alabama prisons, were eligible for a parole hearing before April 1, 2020.
Executive Director Randall Marshall:
“We are glad to see the Governor and parole bureau move to resume parole hearings. However, the delay between now and May 18 leaves thousands of prisoners, corrections officers, and surrounding communities vulnerable to exposure and spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, when hearings do resume, it is vitally important that the parole board hold more hearings and grant more paroles than they have been granting: their previous fiscal year average of 22 grants per month is unconscionable during this current public health crisis.”
Read the full report at https://alabamasmartjustice.org/report/parole-hearing-backlog.
Read stories from people in Alabama prisons who have been denied parole at https://alabamasmartjustice.org/stories/2020/4/10/denied-paroles.
Every month, you'll receive regular roundups of the most important civil rights and civil liberties developments. Remember: a well-informed citizenry is the best defense against tyranny.
The Latest in Smart Justice
The American Civil Liberties Union is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America.
Learn More About Smart Justice
The ACLU Campaign for Smart Justice is an unprecedented, multiyear effort to reduce the U.S. jail and prison population by 50% and to challenge racism in the criminal legal system.

domain: law


text:
This is a nice restaurant with a pleasant owner who speaks good English.
My pizza was really good, with generous topping. My wife’s pork dish was very tasty but we felt could have done with more vegetable accompaniment for the price. The baked vegetables supposed to be with it were really only a garnish and you would have to pay extra for potatoes.
On the whole, pretty good and quite busy.
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.

domain: food


text:
Extended Care: A Patchwork of Possibilities
What is your plan for health care during retirement?
Have A Question About This Topic?
Shopping for life insurance can be confusing. Choose the plan that is best for you and your family with these top five considerations.
This calculator compares the financial impact of leasing versus buying an automobile.
Have you heard of cyber liability insurance? Do you need it?

domain: finance


text:
This section has been created to give you some general info (see links on left) on the place where the Conference will be held,
providing news, tips and curiosities. By its nature, this section evolves continually also following your requests
or suggestions. It's a must to recall the typicalness, the varieties, the peculiarities, the multilingual aspects
existing in this nation: so, you'll never end looking for and finding unique things;
you cannot say that once you have visited a place you have visited and known all Italy and its people.
So, we have tried to provide you with some news on places not in the immediate surroundings of Rome
in the hypothesis of further acquaintance.

domain: geography


Pride Publics: Words and Actions examines themes central to LGBTQ+ public life and highlights trailblazers and their visions. By staging a visual dialogue between historical and contemporary changemakers, this exhibition chronicles moments of multi-generational progress and community actions that contribute to the wellbeing and advancement of queer and trans life in the public realm.
These large-scale posters feature literary musings and portraits of contemporary artists, writers, and activists in LGBTQ+ communities. Rendered in black and white with hand-applied accent colors and jotting, this exhibition serves to break up the urban visual noise field with an homage to protest culture and street art. This temporary public art installation consists of 4’ x 5’ posters wheatpasted on a public site in West Hollywood in June and across the larger Los Angeles region in October 2021. The exhibition also includes a window installation at ONE Gallery in West Hollywood, a web guide with media components, printed matter with thematically relevant artworks, and programming.
This exhibition continues the legacy of Robert Vázquez Pacheco’s propaganda making. Pacheco deployed Madison Avenue advertising strategies, installing posters and billboards to bring attention to dire issues concerning people of color. To elevate LGBTQ+ issues in the mid to late 1990s, Pacheco contributed to the activist groups GRAN FURY and ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power), grassroots organizations that supported LGBTQ+ lives and people living with AIDS through direct action, advocacy, and legislation. With throw-back visual aesthetics, the analog typewritten font used in the exhibition is inspired by Zoe Leonard’s “I want a president” manifesto. Pride Publics: Words and Actions highlights the lineages of queer and trans artists, writers, and activists through new cultural production, propelling LGBTQ+ communities forward.
This exhibition is organized by ONE Archives Foundation with support from the City of West Hollywood’s Arts Division as a part of the City’s One City One Pride LGBTQ Arts Festival.
This exhibition is made possible in part by Schmitt-Young Group at Morgan Stanley, and Steve Pepdjonovic & Joshua Jetson.
Rubén Esparza is a multidisciplinary artist, activist, and independent curator based in Los Angeles. Esparza uses analog materiality alongside complex experimental digital-driven works to create sociopolitical commentary or an homage to brownness and/or queerness. Esparza’s work is in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, and Chicago National Museum of Mexican Art.
Founded in 1952, ONE Archives Foundation is the oldest active LGBTQ organization in the United States, and is dedicated to telling accurate stories and history of all LGBTQ people and their culture. As an independent nonprofit, ONE Archives Foundation promotes ONE Archives at the USC Libraries — the largest repository of LGBTQ materials in the world — and provides innovative educational initiatives, public exhibitions, and community programs.


Vanessa Bryant, Kobe Bryant’s widow, is suing Los Angeles County after claiming law-enforcement officials and firefighters distributed photos of her husband and daughter’s bodies.
On Thursday (Jan. 20), Bryant’s attorneys filed an update to her ongoing lawsuit. They allege that the graphic photos were passed around by at least 12 county firefighters. Additionally, the images were shown at local bars and by a firefighter at a gala for the 2020 Golden Mike Awards, which is held for broadcast journalists in Southern California.
Bryant’s lawyers believe the firefighters and deputies tried to conceal evidence of the pictures. “It has also shown that defendants engaged in a cover-up, destroying the direct forensic evidence of their misconduct and requiring extensive circumstantial evidence to establish the full extent of that misconduct,” they said in the documents.
As REVOLT previously reported, in 2020, Bryant filed a lawsuit against the county after learning that first responders and deputies took graphic photos of the remains of the January 26, 2020 crash. Images of Kobe’s body were reportedly shared with a bartender and a patron at a local bar by a deputy trainee. A firefighter also showed the gruesome photos to a group of off-duty firefighters and their partners.
Skip Miller, attorney for Los Angeles County, told People in December that none of the images were shared with the public.
“While the County sympathizes with Ms. Bryant’s tragic loss, it did not cause the crash that claimed the lives of her husband and child,” Miller said at the time. “Rather, it responded to that crash and, at her specific request, set up a no-fly zone, undertook extensive efforts to keep the public and paparazzi away, and made sure none of the investigative photos were ever publicly disseminated.”
“The County did its job and believes there is no merit to this lawsuit,” he added.
Bryant is seeking damages for emotional distress and mental anguish for the photograph leak.
Bryant’s trial begins Feb. 22 and will last around 15 days, per USA Today.


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New York Sets Record in First Month of Legalized Sports Betting with Almost $2 Billion Wagered
Photo by Joshua Sarner/Icon Sportswire via Getty Images
Almost $2 billion dollars were wagered on sports in New York during the first month of its launch, Governor Katy Hochul announced on Monday.
That is more than any state has ever reported for one month of sports betting.
"When we brought mobile sports betting to New York, we had confidence it was going to be a success," State Senator Joseph Addabbo Jr. said in a release. "But to be able to break the national record of total handle for sports betting in a single month in our very first month, with primarily only six sportsbooks, is both rewarding and promising."
New York — which launched legalized sports betting on Jan. 8 — generated over $70 million in tax revenue off of sports wagering during its first month.
The revenue is required to go towards elementary and secondary education, grants for youth sports programming, property tax relief and problem gambling prevention, treatment and recovery services, according to state law.
"Over the past month, we've seen how mobile sports wagering can be an economic engine for New York, driving significant funding to our schools, youth sports, and so much more," Governor Hochul said in a release.
Gaming revenue is taxed at a 51% rate in the state. Meaning, sportsbooks generated over $138 million in revenue during the first month.
More than 1.76 million unique online sports betting accounts were used in New York since the launch, according to GeoComply. That would represent 12.6% of the state's 21 or older population.
That number isn't exact data, as it's unclear whether the 1.76 million accounts for users that utilized multiple accounts on various sportsbooks.
There's reason to believe sports betting is only going to grow in one of the country's biggest states.


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If you live in Lakeland or the surrounding area and need a trusted veterinarian to care for your pets – you need to look no further. Your pets’ health and well-being are very important to us, and we take every possible measure to give your canine and feline friends excellent care ! Our mission since opening in July of 2008 is to provide excellent Veterinary care at Affordable pricing. Our wellness plan for Canine and Feline is the latest introduction to our clients. These plans are aimed at those on limited budgets or seniors and is a wonderful way to help clients easily budget for their pets' needs.
Privileged Critters Animal Hospital, Inc. is a full service animal hospital. Dr. Rachel Bouton graduated from LSU in 1999. Her many years of experience treating serious conditions as well as regular Veterinary pet care has been entirely in Lakeland . Our clinic staff is friendly, efficient, knowledgeable and always willing to help with a smile!
We are centrally located and easy to find less than a mile from the center of old downtown.
Dr. Rachel Bouton
Lakeland Veterinarian | Privileged Critters Animal Hospital, Inc. | 863-816-5815
1004 W. Main St.
Lakeland, FL 33815
NEW OFFERING !
Announcing our new Wellness Plans with
12 easy payments.
If you or someone you know, has a problem budgeting for their pet, this is an awesome plan to look into!
"Canine Wellness Plan"
"Feline Wellness Plan"
These plans include ALL basic necessities that you need for your pet for the year plus bonus extras.
As a BONUS to the Plan, you will be identified as a "VIP - Wellness Plan Member". Any services, procedures, products or medications that you need that are NOT covered on the plan are given to you at 10% off our regular prices!
Please CALL us for an appointment at 863-816-5815 to take advantage of this exclusive offer.
See the top banner for specifics on what each plan includes!
CHECK out our new Wellness Plan with 12 payments to cover your WELL PETS' needs! Click on Canine Wellness Plan or Feline Wellness Plan for more information!
Read our reviews on Facebook as well as receive special offers, close out sales and some great information on caring for your pet! We support several "rescue" 501C's with discount pricing and they offer dogs for adoption on our Facebook page.
We strive to provide complete care for our patients. Learn more about all the services we provide.View Services
I've been taking my dogs to Privileged Critters for a couple of years now. I live on the other side of Winter Haven, about 25 miles almost 45 minutes and I pass a good number of Veterinarians on the way, but it is worth the drive. The staff and the Vet has only one thing in mind and that is the health of your fur child. All who work here are animal lovers and they will care for your pet like it is one of their own. They ALSO have the BEST PRICES in POLK COUNTY
- Lurline King / Lakeland, FL
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domain: pet


A Jones County woman who lives in Hawley, Southern Jones County, is worried the road being too narrow along with the culverts that appear to be about a foot and a half deep. It’s county road 347, a road that she has complained about for more than twenty years. “The road was almost undrivable several years ago, where you could only drive about 5 mph.” After initial complaints, a maintenance project narrowed county road 347 nearly a foot on both sides. Since then, Connie states the roads haven’t been maintained very well.
School is right around the corner, and buses will soon be back on the roads. Connie is afraid that it will be an issue for school bus drivers that are carrying a load of children. There is currently no shoulder or place to pull off if someone had a tire blowout.
Another concern Connie has is the inexperienced drivers who are commuting through the county roads, in Hawley. “I’m afraid these young teenage drivers are going to come down through these roads, hit the edge of the gravel and turn over. We’ve seen that happen multiple times already.”
Meanwhile, I spoke with two local trash companies who wished to not have their name’s mentioned. One company say’s “our trucks do take quite a beating out there. Even though we have large trucks the constant severe vibration is not good on the vehicles suspensions and tires.” While, another trash company said they have lost multiple contracts with their customers because they are not able to drive out there when it rains.”
KTAB has reached out to the County Commissioner Ross Davis in regards to the ongoing situation, and after multiple attempts we are still awaiting a response.


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Found in 4 Collections and/or Records:
Campus Pride is a national nonprofit organization for student leaders and campus groups working to create a safer college environment for LGBT students. Materials include organizational records, publications and ephemera, and teaching materials.
This collection contains administrative records of the Cone University Center from 1974 to 2009 as well as audiovisual materials and video logs from Niner Telecommunications Network (NTN) documenting numerous campus events from the early 1990s through 2007. Also included are records and photographs relating to the 35th and 50th anniversaries of the Cone Center, including documents recounting the Center’s history, and to Bonnie Cone’s 90th birthday.
About this SiteFinding aids are guides to archival collections, including manuscripts, university records, and oral history collections. These guides help you find physical collections which can be viewed in the Dalton Reading Room on the 10th floor of Atkins Library. A small number of finding aids link to digital content online. Please contact us to learn more or to schedule an appointment:
Special Collections and University Archives
J. Murrey Atkins Library, UNC Charlotte
Schedule an Appointment

domain: library


With server changes around these parts, I’ve been away for a couple of weeks, and in that time we’ve had a lot of disheartening news happen around the world. I don’t even know what to say about it all, but I’ll do my best to round it up here, and then let’s all go get […]
We’ve got a bit more news than usual this week since Sara’s on vacation, plus lots of other interesting things to read and watch.
Most of this week’s stories are about the Baltimore protests, but we’ve got a few other things to cover, including Bernie Sanders entering the presidential fray and the ways you can help earthquake victims in Nepal. Let’s get started:
GamerGaters are still rearing their ugly heads this week, to the surprise of precisely no one. We also have some not-good news for everyone who was so excited that the Nigerian schoolgirls might have been on their way home, but at least the massive list of terrible people is somewhat mitigated by a bunch of awesome […]
And now for all the non-Hobby Lobby misogyny news for those of us who are completely sick of hearing about how awful it all is. Not that these stories aren’t awful too! Heaven forbid. (As usual, trigger warnings for pretty much everything apply.)
Y’all, it has been quite the week. We actually have a little bit of good news, but the rest is pretty bleak. Of course, the killings in Santa Barbara dominated the news (meriting a separate post), but here’s everything else that you might have missed. (As usual, trigger warnings for pretty much everything apply.)
Is Hillary Clinton responsible for the Boko Haram kidnappings (and is she hiding brain damage from us)? Why did the New York Times fire Jill Abramson? Are you smarter than the average American? Let’s see if we can answer these questions and more. (As usual, trigger warnings for pretty much everything apply.)
Are you ready for some misogyny? Yeah, me neither. But if we must… read on for an update on the kidnapped Nigerian schoolgirls, to see why Jezebel made my list of terrible people, and for a healthy dose of venting courtesy of our friends at Pajiba. (As usual, trigger warnings for pretty much everything apply.)


Mixing & Mastering Engineers who worked with Irina Saltykova
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Chen (a.k.a. Khen) Price is an Israeli born multi instrumentalist, music technologist, composer and sound designer. In his work, he explores interests in sound synthesis, signal processing, music cognition and perception, spatial perception, and how these apply to contemporary audio production and performance art. Khen's sonic palette explores rela
Hi there. I’m Michael Cleveland. I specialize in Bluegrass, country and gospel music . If you are looking for fiddle/violin, acoustic guitar, mandolin, or banjo, you’ve come to the right place! I have performed and recorded with artists such as Rhonda Vincent, Vince Gill, Allison Krauss and my band, Michael Cleveland and Flamekeeper.
I am a percussionist studying music technology at Capital University. I love audio engineering and have done some successful audio projects to date. I am currently in a band that is on this season of "America's Got Talent" called Livy Matt & Sammy
"Matty was recommended to me and it was the best thing getting in touch with him. He has rare qualities - an amazing musican, producer, sound engineer, intuitive, responsive, interpretative and understanding. I cannot ..."
"Francois is a great musician, guitarist and bass performer, very creative who put his soul, his top notch technique and experience to my rock song. He also remixed and mastered the song and the result is perfect. Besi..."
"Jack Cole did a test master for me and it sounded beautiful, definetly and new client now and it the future. He does great work"
"Lonny is an amazing guitarist. His musical skills and passion brought my song to a whole different dimension. Working with Lonny was easy, he understood what I was looking for and nailed It !!!!!!!!!! Lonny will be do..."
"Eric was an absolute pleasure to work with! I had a quickly approaching deadline and he delivered faster than I ever could have imagined. I'm 100% happy with the work he did mastering my song, and will be returning to..."
"Eric is awesome guy. He change my song to be great. I really appreciate to him. Thank you Eric. I want to work with you again!!!!"
"Very professional, great top line writer and clean beautiful vocals. She delivers as promised and in excellent audio quality. I would definitely work with Natalie again. Thanks."
"Tom is a very skilled engineer who delivers professional and creative work. He managed to complete work as per requirements in a very short time with excellent results. Great communication also. Highly recommended!"
"Totally satisfied working with Alexander...very profesional creative individual...."
"Firstly I have to say this " He is really loves his job and he really insightful to person who working together" This was my first job with professionals and I am so happy for worked with RC RECORDS PRODUCCION MUSI..."
"Natalie was a pleasure to work with! Very professional and did a great job delivering excellent, clean vocals!"
"Had Graham master the tracks for my album. He was super professional, had great communication and was prompt on delivering the mastered tracks. On top of all that his work was great, took all my tracks to the next lev..."


Danby#ad - My cycle: custom my cycle washing setting will set and remember a favorite program. Additional features: this unit also features a child Lock function, emergency door release, a time delay function and overflow protection.
All-in-one ventless Washer Dryer Combo. 120v power requirement: this unit can be plugged in to a standard wall outlet, which mean's this unit can be placed wherever you need it. 14 convenient washing cycles: Including normal, heavy duty and sportswear and 2 drying cycles. Ft. 7 cu. Compact sizing: 2.
GE#ad - 11 wash cycles are designed to specifically handle various fabrics and soils. Sensing washer will automatically measure the load size and add just the right amount of water. Cycle status lights help easily see where your load is in the cleaning process.
Safeplus#ad - Safety and energy-saving design:this washing machine will give an alarm if wrong operation happens. Compact and portablethis washing machine is compact and lightweight for you to move it easily. The portable full-automatic washing machine is a perfect choice for home, apartments, RV camping and dorms.
With a variety of convenience features, carry handles, water inlet, it has adjustable legs, lint filter and drain pump which allows you to easily drain out dirty water. It is smart and safe for whole family.
Not available for sale or use in california，full-automatic washing machine:comes with fully automatic cycle programmed, saving your time to do other things freely during the laundry. Ultrasonic turbine adopt to advanced high frequency vibration, 360 degree forward reverse cleaning, deep clean.
A build-in drain pump and drainage tube to drain out dirty water easier. Build in uv light：the clothes are washed, you can use ultraviolet light to make the clothes cleanse. And if washing finished or you do not press START/PAUSE in 10 minutes after pressing power, power supply will be cut off automatically. Large wash capacity： featuring a durable rust-resistant stainless steel drum for bearing loads up to 7. 7 lbs at one time and wash many clothes for you.
KUPPET#ad - Total capacity:26lbswasher:18lbs, spin cycle:8lbs, for doing light to medium laundry loads. Washing capacity & specificationstotal capacity:26 lbswasher:18 lbs, spin cycle:8 lbs. Save your time and wash more clean! easy operation simple design of the operation panel, set the timer and start washing, and spin timing, wash timing, drain options, fill with water, wash options, more easier to use.
Power supply: 110v/60hz, total power: 420wwash:280w/dry:140w. Drainage tube dimensions: 56.
3", more easier, suitable for most family. Overall dimensions: 27. 4* 16. 1* 31. 9 inches. Wash timer for 15 min and spin timer for 5 minutes per load, this unit features a 1300RPM powerful motor with a max frequency of 60Hz.
Easy storage and space saving design. Timer control & powerful performanceseparate timer control for wash and spin operations. Large capacitynew! feature the twin tub dual function design can save your precious time by washing and spinning dry loads at the same time. Easy operation design and easily movable. You can wash the clothes of the whole family at the same time! Built-in drain pumpbuilt-in drain pump drains dirty water by more longer drainage tube from washer.
Giantex#ad - Besides, bottom feet are adjustable to meet your needs. Imbalance adjustment & adjustable feet: normally spinning would cause violent vibration when the laundries in the tub are not placed evenly. With a space-saving design, it is perfect for your home, apartment or even taking it for outdoor activities like camping.
You can easily operate it even light in your room is turned off. This product is not for sale in california: designed with a fully automatic programmed, this washing machine provides the best cleaning and rinsing performance.
But the stainless steel honeycomb shaped inner tub can load 7. 7 lbs at one time and wash many clothes for you. It is smart and safe for whole family. Simply set the washing machine program, and then just leave it alone to work and do your own things during the laundry.
This washing machine will give an alarm if wrong operation happens. Full-automatic washing machine: safety and energy-saving design. Barrel light function: this fully automatic washing machine equipped with a barrel light on the stainless inner tub which is good for protecting human eyes and skin. 6 programs, 3 water level selections and indicator light on the control panel. You can select the appropriate programs and water level according to different cloth to meet your needs.


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Environmental Tillage System (ETS) is excited to have Megan Mathew as the summer intern for the Marketing and Communications department. This fall Megan will begin her senior year at the University of Minnesota majoring in Agricultural Marketing and Communications.
Our Most Popular Blogs
Environmental Tillage Systems (ETS) is excited to partner with LandPro Equipment to help farmers in western New York improve soil health with SoilWarrior® zone tillage and nutrient application equipment. LandPro became a dealer for SoilWarrior in late 2018 and has experienced tremendous success with the premier strip-tillage brand.
With over three years of experience working with the SoilWarrior in the service department, Tanner Schuldt is bringing a wealth of knowledge to his new position as a Regional Sales Manager for Environmental Tillage Systems (ETS).
Madison, Wis. (January, 8, 2019)—Midwestern BioAg (MBA), a leader in cutting-edge fertilizer technology and soil health, and Environmental Tillage Systems (ETS), developer of the SoilWarrior — the only complete strip-till unit on the market, have partnered to launch a rebate savings program for Ag Retailers.
Environmental Tillage Systems (ETS) announces that Looma, LLC will now be selling and supporting its brands in south central Nebraska. Located in Axtell, NE, Looma will sell and support SoilWarrior® zone tillage and nutrient application equipment and the dual-purpose ZoneNinjaTM zone freshener and sidedresser. This new partnership allows ETS to expand their sales efforts and reach a growing strip-tillage market.
Strip-till is often just a starting point for many farmers. It’s seen as the gateway into something bigger. That something isn’t always a clear vision and may take a couple years to come to fruition, which these three Minnesota SoilWarrior owners have come to realize after experiencing strip-till.
"Cooperatives-See the Future" is the 2018 Co-op Month theme, and Environmental Tillage Systems (ETS) is proud to partner with six different co-ops. The SoilWarrior covers more than 60,000 acres, bringing the future to their patron’s farms with the use of the SoilWarrior, the only complete precision strip tillage system.
Dan Coffman isn't just a customer who runs a SoilWarrior. Coffman adds to his SoilWarrior experience by sharing updates from his operation on social media regularly.
Three popular pre-plant phosphorus (P) application methods are broadcast or surface applied, deep banding and strip- or zone-application. Each of these methods has a definite impact on movement of P both on- and off-target that directly influences plant health and growth, but also nutrient reduction strategies put forth by many states.
Environmental Tillage Systems (ETS) is excited to welcome, Greg Hallenbeck, to the ETS team as a Regional Sales/ Key Account Manager. Greg will manage regional sales and local co-ops with innovative agricultural equipment, SoilWarrior.


WHAT’S NEW FOR THE NEW MINI COUNTRYMAN
In the interior, the robust MINI adventurer offers even more space, comfort and safety – Even off the beaten track thanks to all-wheel drive. The new MINI Experience Modes and expanded driving assistant systems including the voice-controlled MINI Intelligent Personal Assistant make excursions in the new MINI Countryman even more comfortable and entertaining. The all-electric drivetrain contributes to this too, further enhancing the brand’s hallmark driving fun with two levels of power output.
In its electrified third generation, the largest model in the new MINI family, continues the brand’s journey into an era of locally emission-free electric mobility. The compact crossover model has been on course for success ever since its market launch in 2010. No wonder: after all, the optional all-wheel drive of this powerfully motorized adventurer ensures safe and unbridled driving fun – even off the beaten track.
FOUR NEWLY DESIGNED TRIMS TO FIND YOUR INDIVIDUAL LOOK
The new, modern color and material concept is also deliberately kept minimalistic. Only newly developed, high-quality and environmentally friendly materials are used. Recycled polyester surfaces in the form of a high-quality 2D knit cover the dashboard and the interior of the door. Their two-tone design adds distinctive accents, creating a pleasant atmosphere in the interior. Four newly designed trims convey differing versions of the modern feel-good concept in the interior.
The Essential Trim features an interior of maximum clarity and reduction. Black sports seats with distinctly patterned multitone textile harmonize with a colored textile band on the dashboard. Certain functional parts on the inside and outside are highlighted with the new accent color Vibrant Silver. On the exterior, for example, the logo appears in the new colour shade, contrasting sharply with the glossy black, octagonal front grille.
Starting with the Classic Trim, the two-spoke basic steering wheel is replaced as a three-spoke version with a new textile strap in the six o´clock spoke. In addition, MINI uses a modern 2D knitted textile in the interior of a production vehicle for the first time. On the dashboard and doors, two-tone black and blue knitted textile provides a fascinating contrast to the high-quality synthetic leather seat. The latter is available in grey and black featuring a perforated houndstooth pattern, while the side contrasts in blue textile.
The contemporary, high-quality Favored Trim is the most expressive variant. The elegant Dark Petrol finish extends from the dashboard to the door panels, where it merges smoothly with brown knitted textile. Extravagant sports seats with traditional accent stitching and embroidered MINI logo are available in three colours. The perforated synthetic leather made of Vescin sets dark or light accents with a particularly high-quality look, according to preference. The exterior with the front grille in Vibrant Silver can be combined in a particularly apt way with the complete new roof, also in the color Vibrant Silver.
The JCW Trim offers an interpretation of the new material concept that lends maximum emphasis to sporty flair. The JCW seat with sports seat geometry and additional lateral support noticeably enhances comfort. Combined with multi-colored knitted textile and black synthetic leather with red stitching, the color concept echoes the design of the dashboard and door trim. A distinct front and rear design likewise highlights the racing DNA of the trim in the exterior, with the vehicle grille and logo in high-gloss black underlining the powerful overall impression. Optional features include a contrasting Chili Red roof and JCW-specific bonnet stripes in red or black.
WHY SHOULD YOU CUSTOMIZE YOUR MINI WITH THE HELP OF THE TEAM AT BILL JACOBS MINI?
Our team of professional MINI Motoring Advisors are trained to guide you through the process of buying your next MINI. The choice of picking which MINI, and all the personalization options, is right for you is always a tough one. You can count on the team at Bill Jacobs MINI to make your MINI ordering process quick, convenient and uncomplicated. At Bill Jacobs MINI, the cars bring you in and the experience brings you back.