Fright Fest: DAWN OF THE DEAD (1978)
Francine Parker: They’re still here.
Stephen: They’re after us. They know we’re still in here.
Peter: They’re after the place. They don’t know why; they just remember. Remember that they want to be in here.
Francine Parker: What the hell are they?
Peter: They’re us, that’s all, when there’s no more room in hell.
Peter: Something my granddad used to tell us. You know Macumba? Vodou. My granddad was a priest in Trinidad. He used to tell us, “When there’s no more room in hell, the dead will walk the Earth.”
Dawn of the Dead is among many things a very quotable movie. The scene above is probably everyone’s favorite, and for some there are more selective scenes to nibble on. Scientists arguing on what remains of the news broadcast. The SWAT incursion of the Philadelphia apartment building. The refueling scene, the dock scene, the shopping montage. The raiders and ensuing firefight. There are plenty. And if you were to ask me, I can’t really say if I personally have an all-time favorite scene, I mean let’s be honest here, there are so many to choose from. From the very beginning, Dawn of the Dead lures you in and keeps your attention rooted into the story. The pacing couldn’t be more perfect. Continue Reading
Fright Fest: DAWN OF THE DEAD (2004)
I love horror movies. I love zombie movies. But more specifically, I love one very specific part.
I love the beginnings of zombie movies.
I love the inherent sense of dread at what we all know is coming. If the sequencing is done right, it’s a thrill to watch, with a few disparate, seemingly unconnected events and soon enough, it’s all going to shit. It’s quick. It’s brutal. It’s total. And best of all, you are never told why it is happening.
Zombies have often been painted as a metaphorical criticism of our own over-consumerism but I think it also functions as a demonstration of our own existential shelf life. That at any given moment, anything can turn on us and bring about a cruel and uncaring demise. The frailty of our own condition is really highlighted in the terrifying opening moments of any great zombie film.
The Sultan of Splatter
If the title of this post doesn’t give away what we’ll be talking about, well…shit. We’ve got some work ahead of us. As any fan of horror, the one thing that we deranged nerds tend to appreciate, even more than the actors themselves, are the special effects guys (and gals). To be frank, why do we watch horror? To be entertained, fundamentally, correct? We’re not here to find enlightenment, though if it happens then all the better. No, much like the poor bloodthirsty souls crammed into Rome’s gladiatorial colosseum, we cry out for escape from the realities of our plight. And what brings the greatest escape, the tastiest of entertainment? Gore. And all the horrible ways characters get done in by the monster, the serial killer, the freak in the castle, the alien invaders, the thing hiding the ice, whatever, we expect gore and lots of it and not just quantity but quality as well. For horror fans, special effects take front row. We critique effects just as harshly as we look at the screenwriters and even more so maybe than the directors. Who hasn’t sat through a terribly written and directed horror movie walking away loving it simply because it had awesome effects? It’s often the first thing we look at.
And with every decade, every generation, there are particular styles of special effects. In the 1940s and leading through the early 60s, it was what wasn’t seen that was supposed to scare you, and blood came from a bottle of Hersheys Chocolate. But starting in the late 1960s, following the advancement of technicolor, under the direction of guys like Alfred Hitchcock and Herschell Gordon Lewis, filmmakers began pushing those on-screen limitations and inventing new ways to entertain with effects. Dick Smith is rightfully the real pioneer of realism in special effects. His crowning achievement, realistic gore in movies such as The Exorcist, The Godfather, Scanners, and more. And Dick did more than pioneer the industry, he set the table for the rise of a new generation who would bring us even better work to the history cinematography.
Tom Savini was inspired, not by Dick Smith or Herschell or even Frankenstein’s maker Jack Pierce, though no doubt they each impacted him in some way. No. Tom credits his inspiration to legendary early silent film star, Lon Chaney Sr, aka, the Man of a Thousand Faces. Chaney had a reputation in Hollywood for coming up and developing his own props and makeup, most of it often extremely uncomfortable, for the characters he played on screen, some of the most notable ones being The Phantom of the Opera and The Hunchback of Norte Dame, and London After Midnight. In 1957, Universal released the biopic of Lon Chaney Sr., and young Tom fell in love and began experimenting with special effects makeup, first on himself and later his friends. Eventually, Tom attended Point Park University and later Carnegie-Mellon University (following his tour of duty in Vietnam). After enlisting in the U.S. Army, Tom served as a combat photographer in the Vietnam War. It is during this service Tom most credits his development of special effects, taking the harsh realities of war and applying it to his later work.
The true birth of practical effects, or the surge of gore, really started in the 1970s, in such movies as Dawn of the Dead, I Drink Your Blood, and The Incredible Melting Man, among others. And it was during this era Tom Savini started his career which would eventually award him such titles as The Sultan of Splatter and The Godfather of Gore (though to be fair, I think this title ought to go to Dick Smith, don’t you think?). In 1974, Savini worked on Bob Clark’s masterpiece (but oddly forgotten) Deathdream, the story of a Vietnam soldier who comes home after being killed in action. I’ve often wondered what Tom thought about this flick, having served in Vietnam himself. Deathdream doesn’t present itself as being either pro or anti war, though we can certainly guess. What it does present is an overwhelming sense of questioning of our individual involvement in the affairs of the nation, beautifully told from the simplicity of a small town family unit. I’ll stop myself there. I can go on for a tangent with Deathdream, in fact, I’ve got a review of the movie…if you’re interested, you can read it here.
Next, Tom worked again with Bob Clark in the movie Deranged. Later, he worked with fellow Pitsburg allium, George A. Romero, in the underappreciated fright flick, Martin. Let’s slow down here before moving on with Tom’s other work. Whenever I think of George A. Romero I first think of…zombies, yes, it’s true, shocker, right? But I also tend to think of Tom Savini after thinking about zombies. While Tom was in Vietnam, Romero was making Night of the Living Dead, but thanks to their relationship developed in Martin, they were able to collaborate in Romero’s second of his Dead Trilogy, Dawn of the Dead in 1978. If you know me, you know I’m a huge fan. Dawn of the Dead is without a doubt one of the greatest horror movies ever made. Not only was the screenwriting, the direction, the acting totally above par, but the practical effects also shined. Even today, though the blood is certainly not realistic, it is still effective. When the zombie-fro dude takes a chunk out of that lady’s shoulder, it still gives me the creeps. That’s a 38-year shelf-life, and it’s still aging, still perfecting like a fine wine.
Dawn of the Dead also opened new doors for Savini. In a slew of films, he would eventually be invited by Sean S. Cunningham to work on a new project titled Friday the 13th. Clearly, I’m picking all of my favorite movies Tom was involved in, and why sudden I? I’m the one writing this dang article! That being said, I’m sure there are other horror nerds who tend to lean in other directions regarding the Sultan’s work. Some may prefer Maniac or Eyes of the Stranger or The Burning or The Prowler, all are fine films worth considering. But for me, one of his crowning achievements was Friday the 13th. It’s because of this movie I question why Savini hasn’t been given the nickname The Father of Jason Voorhees. It was Tom’s creation that would spawn into a long lasting and fruitful franchise. Loved by many; despised by some. And as any tragic greek tale, Tom would eventually be asked to destroy his creation in Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter.
And his career continues. In 1985, Tom was given the Saturn Award for Best Make-Up Effects in Geroge A. Romero’s third “dead” installment, Day of the Dead (1985). And he moved on to contribute to too many movies and television shows to mention here, working as not only a special effects guru but also as a director and an actor/stuntman. Without a doubt, his love for horror movies is very evident. He even started his own school for special effects by opening Tom Savini’s Special Make-Up Effects Program at the Douglas Education Center in Monessen, Pennsylvania and authored several books, including but not limited to Grande Illusions I and II and Horror F/X. For fans of the late 70s and 80s horror, it’s difficult not knowing his work and the work of other legendary special effects artists. It’s what we wanted most, the gore. Today, though, I have to wonder, are the makeup artist and gore masters even thought of. If I asked your typical The Walking Dead fan who did the practical effects for the show, would they know? I seriously doubt it. The answer is Greg Nicotero, BTW, who also worked on The Evil Dead 2 and Day of the Dead, and who is also from Pitsburg, which makes me seriously question what exactly does Pitsburg put in their drinking water. Maybe this is something we should start doing. No, not the drinking water, the “other” people who make movies possible. Even I do not know all the names of the effects or prop masters and all the other behind the scenes people working tirelessly to bring us our horrific entertainment. This is especially worse for TV as the credits flash by to make time for more commercials. So, if you’re a fan of horror, if you indulge to be entertained by the grotesque, after the show, after the movie, look up the effects team, the writers, the props, the composers, and read their names. you may be surprised to find a lot of these people have been involved in a lot of work you happen to be a fan of.
Born November 3rd, 1946, today marks Tom Savini’s 70th birthday. And I wish him many more birthdays to come. Thank you, Tom, for your work and bringing not just me but countless others hours and hours of wonderfully sadistic entertainment. Cheers!
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Night of the Living Dead: celebrating 47 years
RELEASED this day in 1968, George A. Romero’s epic, groundbreaking classic, NIGHT OF THE LIVING DEAD hits theaters, recounting the tale of a group of disparate individuals who take refuge in an abandoned house when corpses begin to walk in search of fresh human bodies to devour. The pragmatic Ben (Duane Jones) does his best to control the situation, but when the reanimated bodies surround the house, the other survivors begin to panic. As any semblance of order within the group begins to dissipate, the zombies start to find ways inside — and one by one, the living humans become the prey of the deceased ones.
There are few movies out there that represent the feelings of the era in which the film was made as honestly and brutal as Night of the Living Dead. 1968 America was very chaotic, with the deaths of charismatic leaders such as MLK and JFK, post Tet, and the furious antiwar protesters took over in colleges across the nation, including Columbia University in New York. And of lest no forget, Tricky Dick’s infamous call for the GREAT SILENT MAJORITY to stand up and be recognized. Night of the ?Living Dead was very much an subversive answer to the late Presidents speech. And was interesting invoked one of the greatest Civil Rights speeches made, when Dave Dennis stood up in front of those mourning the loss of James Earl Chaney from Meridian, Mississippi, and Andrew Goodman and Michael “Mickey” Schwerner from New York City, when he said, “I’m not here to do the traditional things most of us do at such a gathering…what I want to talk about right now is the living dead that we have right among our midst, not only in the state of Mississippi but throughout the nation. Those are the people who don’t care, those who do care but don’t have the guts enough to stand up for it, and those people who are busy up in Washington and in other places using my freedom and my life to play politics with…”
Not only does Night of the Living Dead hold historical clout, but also became the predecessor to an entire sub-genre in horror. Think about it. Before Romero, zombies were still in the realm of voodoo witch-doctors and crazed plantation owners, space alien mind control, or even atomic aged ghouls. Not saying those sub-genres aren’t good in their own right, cause anyone whose seen The Serpent and the Rainbow can attest that voodoo zombies are still scary. But Romero created something new, a new monster in the lineup of Frankenstein’s, Vampires, Werewolf’s, Mummy’s, fish people, and the like. Without Romero we wouldn’t have The Walking Dead, Fear the Walking Dead, Dawn of the Dead, Day of the Dead, Resident Evil, Zombi3, The Beyond, and a laundry list of films that benefited from George’s take on walking flesh eating ghouls.
And besides all this, Night of the Living Dead is a damn fine horror movie. Low budget and gorilla in nature. The story was plausible and the characters felt real: we know these people; they’re us, we’re them. Romero’s take on zombies is fundamentally about the people who are trying to survive and how they react given certain situations. How we ultimately take sides and are not quick to listen to the ideas of others. Our fight or flight response forces us into making poor decisions, instead of working together as a group. And then in the end, much how Ben met his fate, we needlessly die.
One of the best reviews I read on Night of the Living Dead wasn’t really a review, but rather a review on the audience during a screening in 1969. The unknown reviewer noted the following:
“The kids in the audience were stunned. There was almost complete silence. The movie had stopped being delightfully scary about halfway through, and had become unexpectedly terrifying. There was a little girl across the aisle from me, maybe nine years old, who was sitting very still in her seat and crying. I don’t think the younger kids really knew what hit them. They were used to going to movies, sure, and they’d seen some horror movies before, sure, but this was something else. This was ghouls eating people up — and you could actually see what they were eating. This was little girls killing their mothers. This was being set on fire. Worst of all, even the hero got killed. It’s hard to remember what sort of effect this movie might have had on you when you were six or seven. But try to remember. At that age, kids take the events on the screen seriously, and they identify fiercely with the hero. When the hero is killed, that’s not an unhappy ending but a tragic one: Nobody got out alive. It’s just over, that’s all. I felt real terror in that neighborhood theater last Saturday afternoon. I saw kids who had no resources they could draw upon to protect themselves from the dread and fear they felt.”
Horrible Women, or my favorite women in horror
With February being Women in Horror Month, I thought I’d do my part in honoring the many women who’ve made the genre I love so bloody fantastic. Women who have broken boundaries and defied not only gender clichés, but also social and cultural as well. Now, in all honesty, horror is not with its own stereotypical tropes, but in fairness, horror has also done more to mangle down those grey stone walls of truism. Slasher movies for one have a nasty habit of typecasting women into weak character roles. Yet, looking at it from another angle, you might notice that as said slasher movie victim is running around bumping into dead things and screaming at the top of her lungs, she survives while typically every single if not 99% of the male character population parishes in some grotesque way. At the very least, perhaps even slasher movies are saying that when the shit hits the fan, women are survivors. 2013’s home invasion horror movie You’re Next may or maybe count as a slasher flick (we’re going to roll with it), but in the film while there are a few damsels in distress, Erin Hanson (played by the beautiful Sharni Vinson) utterly dominates the movie, chewing bubble gum and kicking ass, taking no prisoners. To say the only contribution women have made for horror is to play its victim is a gross generalization. In movies where women are intended to be the victim, they survive. And then there’s the other side of the road. The villains. The most creepiest characters and monsters of horror, in my humble opinion, have been women. Consider Kathy Bates in Misery and you tell me if her portrayal as Annie Wilkes didn’t creep you the F out! Lets all be honest here, lets put aside our egocentric macho bullshit and come clean. Lets admit it, women have done more for horror than men. So, without further ado, here are a few of my favorite horrible women!
Lina Leandersson as Eli in Let the Right One In (2008):
Let the Right One In released in our most desperate hour, during a very strange and scary time for vampire tropes. I hate to mention here on my blog, but it needs to be said, in 2008, vampire lore had been polluted with Twilight-esk glowworm sparkle making me want to scream for trying to ruin a classic horror monsters! Yuck! And thank Zeus those days are over. Let the Right One In was an welcomed breath of fresh air, an absolute amazing horror flick. And Lina Leandersson playing the century’s old vampire Eli was magnificent. She was so innocent until she wasn’t. The best scene has to be at the pool when Oskar is confronted with some rather violent bullies. You do not see her inflict the carnage, but when Oskar comes out of the pool and you see all the gore surrounding this small adolescent girl, it is a utter chilling moment in horror history. Her portrayal as his protector was totally believable. The American remake was decent, but for this list I have to go with the original Swedish version. It was by far the superior.
Gillian Anderson as Special Agent Dana Scully in The X-Files (1993-2003, 2008, 2016):
What can really be said about our favorite doubting Special Agent? The X-Files had a huge impact in my life growing up. And the show is still good. Better than most of what passes as TV nowadays, not to sound like some bitter old man. Gillian Anderson’s portrayal as Dana Scully is interesting. She’s the yin to Fox Mulder’s yang (not to sound dirty). She was the rational part of the relationship, Mulder was the wide eye dreamer who jumped at any and all shadow that spelled conspiracy or extraterrestrial or both. She was a skeptic, sure, but she had to be to level out Mulder’s eccentricism. She was also the scientist, the doctor, the brains of the operation. Her portrayal is interesting because its a role typically played by men. Are men not the more rational? DON’T ANSWER THAT! (cough-cough, wink-wink).
Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Ripley in Aliens (1986):
Though the first time Miss Weaver portrayed Ellen Ripley was in Alien (1979), she did not feel to me as strong of a character as she was in its sequel, Aliens. She was a survivor, for sure in Alien, but in Aliens she kicked some major xenomorph ass! In James Cameron’s epic sci-fi horror, Ripley was easily the strongest character not only because of what she did, but the fact that she did it while struggling with PTSD, struggling with the memories of the traumatic events from the first film. She was a protector when at times you felt she was the one needing protection. Hell, she came out on top while every single one, save Hicks, of the supposedly badass Colonial Marines gets bush whacked! She even goes toe to toe with the “get away from her you bitch” queen bee! Aliens is an excellent movie for many reasons, but the best is watching Ripley transform from traumatized survivor to tuff-as-nails She-Ra!
Jane Levy as Mia in The Evil Dead (2013):
I have no idea what some nerds have against this movie. It is absolutely fantastic. It wasn’t a reboot, it wasn’t a remake, it wasn’t a continuation; 2013’s The Evil Dead was simply another cabin-in-the-woods movie cast in an Evil Dead universe. The mood from the very beginning is grainy and dark, given the subject matter of Mia’s rehabilitation with drug addiction. And it just gets darker. And her struggles felt real. And when the table turns and her inner-demon, as they say, comes out…her creep factor goes sky high! It was fun watching Mia start off playing the victim of the demon that had taken hold of her, and then in actuality becoming the monster (and scary one at that!). And it was satisfying seeing her, by the end, transform into a person willing to literally and metaphorically come out swinging. Mia was not some Ash trope, she was her own character, and a strong and realistic one at that.
Gaylen Ross as Francine in Dawn of the Dead (1978):
While I struggled between Gaylen as Francine in the original and Sara Polly as Ana in the 2004 remake, because I feel both characters and women were strong in each of their respective films, in the end I had to go with Gaylen Ross. Blame it on my favoritism to the original classic or on my love for Romero or whatever you want. Regardless, who can deny the magnetism in Ross’ portrayal as Francine? She was a lone woman surrounded by male machismo and was still able to keep her voice heard over all the grunts and farts. From the very get-go, when they land at the mall and she states “Stephen, I’m afraid. You’re hypnotized by this place. All of you! You don’t see that it’s not a sanctuary, it’s a prison! Let’s just take what we need and get out of here!” Yet, while being overruled by the male majority, she remains patient and lets it slide until her prophecy becomes reality. Of course, her best line is when the boys hatch a plan to secure the mall without consulting her and she confronts them with her own demands, telling Stephen mostly to never leave her without a gun again because (she states mockingly) “I just might know how to use it.” And what’s more interesting is that she is not only the lone woman in the group, but also pregnant. That in itself says something to the strength of her character to deal with these boys and keep her cool in the midst of a zombie apocalypse.
Linda Blair as Regan MacNeil in The Exorcist (1973):
As horror director and visionary Tom McLoughlin put it (and I’m paraphrasing here) Linda Blair as Regan was everything sugar and spice and everything nice, and she was set up so beautifully pared with her mother, but when she turned on us she became is absolute terror because while she is being victimized by the demon (or demons if you have read the book) she is also the monster, this evil thing that is in total control. Linda Blair did such a marvelous job with her role that The Exorcist is without argument the scariest movie ever made. But it was not just Blair and Regan that made the movie sensational, it was also Ellen Burstyn as Chris MacNeil, a strong independent single mother, balancing a profitable career and parenthood. Both actresses deserve mention as this list.
Ashley Laurence as Kirsty Cotton in Hellraiser (1987) & Hellbound: Hellraiser II (1988):
I wanted to give Ashley Laurence’s portrayal as Miss Cotton credit in both films because she was pretty much the same character types in both films, though you can imagine that in Hellbound she was struggling more with the hellish (no pun intended) events in the first movie. Miss Cotton was a believable loving daughter who did what she could to love her step-mother, but as they classic trope demands, her step-mother was quite wicked and unlovable. I love Cotton’s character. She’s not weak necessarily. She is a survivor. And she most certainly has her wits about her during times of tribulation. Consider the moment in Hellraiser when she first opens Lemarchand’s box (aka The Lament Configuration, aka The Puzzle Box). When the cenobites first appear, though terrified, for obvious reasons, she is still able to keep her cool and hatch a plan to trade her life for Frank’s. And at the end, when the cenobite attempt to alter the deal she sends each and everyone of them back to hell via solving the puzzle box. In Hellbound, though traumatized, she not only confronts the return of her wicked step-mother, Julia, but manages to humanize Pinhead (Doug Bradley) and the other cenobites, turning them back to their original self’s. Clare Higgins also deserves mention here. I was not impressed with her portrayal as Julia in the first Hellraiser, her character was too needing of Frank to stand on her own. But in Hellbound, the gloves came off!! She was a strong and dominate villain, blood thirsty and seductive, even without skin. Yet, despite strong acting from Higgins, I’m more favorable toward Laurence as Cotton. She was smart and foul mouthed, a perfect combination.
Well, there you have it folks! Just a few favorites from the numerous women who have not only embraced, but also defined horror. Who are some of your favorite women in horror?
Thomas S. Flowers creates character-driven stories of dark fiction ranging from Shakespearean gore feasts to paranormal thrillers. Residing in the swamps of Houston, Texas, with his wife and daughter, his debut novel, Reinheit, was published with Shadow Work Publishing, along with The Incredible Zilch Von Whitstein, Apocalypse Meow, Lanmò, The Hobbsburg Horror, and FEAST. His veteran focused paranormal thriller series, The Subdue Series, including Dwelling, Emerging, Conceiving, and Converging, are published with Limitless Publishing, LLC. In 2008, he was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army where he served three tours in Operation Iraqi Freedom. In 2014, Thomas graduated from University of Houston-Clear Lake with a Bachelors in History. He blogs at machinemean[dot]org, where he reviews movies and books and hosts a gambit of guest writers who discuss a wide range of strange yet oddly related topics. You can follow Thomas by joining his author newsletter at http://goo.gl/2CozdE.
A tale of revenge and BBQ!!!
Dawn of the Dead (1978) and me..
Let me just say, that I have been a Romero fan for a very long time. Longer than when I started considering myself a “horror guy.” I’ve been a fan, considering my age, since the release of Savini’s directorial foray with Night of the Living Dead. Even after finally watching the original (of which I love more now that I’m older), I still consider the remake as a Romero flick. Why? Simple enough. He wrote it. Savini directed. End of story.
The feel I had watching one of Romero’s “dead” flicks is a very fond and pleasant memory. Friday night. Popcorn. Pizza. Junk food. The life, right? I still get that feel watching movies, but especially horror movies, and even more especially when watching any one of Romero’s trilogy: Night, Dawn, Day.
When I finally sat down to watch Dawn of the Dead, the movie became an instant favorite. I wouldn’t dare say Dawn is better than Night, but Day…well..
So, why am I a Romero fan? Good question. In all of film, horror is the most honest. Horror will show you the ugly mess society often turns things. Film makers normally are not intentionally making a movies with social commentary in mind; social commentary is usually a byproduct of the times the movie was made. However, with horror, more often than not, social commentary is intentional. Or at least most of the time! And Dawn of the Dead, all of Romero’s original trilogy, even Diary of the Dead, are chocked full of subversive commentary!!
This is part of the reason why I’m turned on to horror. You can tell a fun and exciting story, filled with interesting characters and creatures, whilst also turning over the apple cart, as Romero has said during an interview with Nightmares in the Red, White, and Blue. With horror, you can be as brutally honest as you want, just so long as it makes sense politically, and in the context of the story.
Dawn of the Dead was released in 1978, yet amazingly and tragically (in a way) its bit on consumerism is still so very relevant. The things that fill the void, so to speak. Stuff can only make us happy for a little while..and then.. “What the hell are they?” And so on!
There is Something About Bub
“Hello! Is anyone there?” There are no better words for an opening scene in a zombie movie!!! This particular verse comes from George A. Romero’s third “dead” installment, Day of the Dead (1985). In the scene, as Dr. Sarah Bowman and Pvt. Salazar call out from their nearby helicopter, searching for other survivors, the camera pans out, revealing a ravaged and empty tomb of a city slowly echoing with the hungry cries of the undead. This scene is one of the first images shown in Day of the Dead; with it we’re given a very chilling and unforgettable moment in horror, the feeling of desperation.
How desperate have things become? Following Night of the Living Dead, where folks were simply trying to survive the night, and following Dawn of the Dead as folks were escaping the cities, abandoning attempted containment zones and searching for safe havens, Day of the Dead shows us a group of survivors after the flood, the last ditch effect of a collapsing government desperately looking for a cure, while also searching for other survivors near the area of their underground complex. How desperate have things become? In the words of Nick Furry, “very desperate,” and they might not like the outcome their kind of “situation” tends to bring out in people.
Day of the Dead is a highly regarded zombie movie, though, typically, fans of the series will rate Dawn of the Dead as the better “dead” flick within Romero’s trilogy, if only marginally. To be honest, this holds true for me as well; Dawn was simply a better movie. The things Dawn said about society and people resonated with me better than with Day; however, this doesn’t mean Day didn’t have something valuable to teach us regarding said society. If anything, Day of the Dead told the tale of desperation and how people react when cornered better than the other two movies combined.
There was also something about Bub that wasn’t told in the other movies…not until Land of the Dead at least. Bub was a very unique character; a zombie interacting with peoples both positively and negatively. With Doctor Logan, aka Dr. Frankenstein (who by the way reminded me of an aged Herbert West), Bub was rather nonviolent and friendly, but with Captain Rhodes, while Bub started out friendly, he turned violent in response to Rhodes aggressive attitude. Though Rhodes was a total jerk and was constantly boarding a nervous breakdown, it was hard not agreeing with him. How were they supposed to “train” millions of undead? While Logan was looking towards domestication, Rhodes was hoping for some kind of WMD. Logan was obviously mad, but we can’t ignore Bub as proof that some form of domestication was possible…or maybe Bub was just the next evolutionary stage for the zombie within the Romero universe.
The strangest bit with Bub was when he discovered Logan’s dead body. Okay, so you can train Bub by showing him things he “remembers” from when he was alive. I can buy that, its not a huge leap of faith to see a zombie interacting with something it remembers from its past life. This was the theory in Dawn of the Dead for why the undead were coming to the mall. But when Bub finds Logan in the freezer, he reacts with emotion, Bub is sad and then becomes enraged. You can see on his face a desire for resolution. Bub is strange because he forces us to question the existence of the zombie. Are they not mindless beings? Do they feel? Do they cry? Obviously, in the movie world, these undead beings are a huge threat and very dangerous, but with Bub we have to question everything. However, in Day of the Dead, Bub is an anomaly, he’s the only zombie we see behaving with cognition, the rest simply follows the food. The lasting imagine with Bub is how Logan falsely thought he had domesticated him. Did bub stop seeing people as food? Sure, but that doesn’t mean he stopped seeing them as the enemy. In the case of Rhodes, Bub guns him down, pushing him into a horde of zombies to be pulled apart. The final scene with Bub shows him giving the disemboweled Capt Rhodes a mocking salute.
The great flaw Romero highlights in his stories are how incredibly messed up people are, the ones who react poorly in face of some earth shattering event. His movies show us the ugly truth: when folks are scared and desperate they make selfish decisions. But Romero doesn’t take away hope, he also shows us the smaller band that pulls together and survives. This smaller group of heroes goes back to the original play-on-words that spawned his zombie vision, Romero’s response to Richard Nixon’s call for the non-violent silent majority to stand up and be counted (1968), still lives on in Day of the Dead. However, now the silent majorities are no longer mindless zombies, but evolving, and perhaps not in the way Nixon had originally intended.
On September 17, 2013, the Collector’s Edition Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack for Day of the Dead releases nationwide. The cover art, conceived from the morbid mind of Nathan Thomas Milliner, is amazing and just how mama used to say, “First impressions are everything.” Some of the special features include, but are not limited to:
• New High-Definition Master
• Audio Commentary with Writer/Director George A. Romero, Special Make-Up Effects Artist Tom Savini, Production Designer Cletus Anderson and Actress Lori Cardille
• Behind the Scenes: 31 Minutes of Production Footage from Special Make-Up Effects Artist Tom Savini
• Audio Interview with Actor Richard Liberty
• Wampum Mine Promotional Video
• Photo Galleries
• Theatrical Trailers
• TV Spots
• And More…
You can pre-order your copy here with Amazon. Which, in my opinion, is worth the $20.96 cost, especially as this edition comes with both the blu-ray and DVD. And the Bottom Line? Good story, awesome traditional effects, what more could you ask for in a zombie movie? Was Day as good as Dawn? Not for me, but that doesn’t mean Day of the Dead wasn’t worth watching, it is; Day of the Dead is an amazing movie full of characters you’ll love and hate.


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The Recipes and Foods of Algeria
Algeria is a North African country that lies on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The country is named after the city of Algiers which, itself, is named from the Arabic al-jaz'ir (literally 'the islands') and is named for the four islands that lie off the country's coast.
Along with Tunisia and Morocco it is part of the Maghreb region of North Africa and shares considerable culinary overlap with its two closest neighbors. As may be expected from a Mediterranean country fish and seafood form a significant portion of the diet, though the country's Berber history is also evident in its traditional lamb-based dishes.
Historically, Algerian cuisine is a melange of the various influences on the country and it's possible to see Berber, Arab, Turkish, and French traditions within this country's diverse cuisine.
Below are two classic Algerian dishes:
Algerian Fish Soup
1 tbsp olive oil
1 large red onion
3 garlic cloves
300g whole tomatoes (tinned)
1 tsp paprika (pinch of saffron
salt and black pepper to taste
2 large potatoes, cubed
3 celery sticks, diced
2l chicken stock
900g firm white fish cut into steaks
Heat the oil in a large frying pan and fry the onion until translucent. Add the garlic and tomatoes and continue to simmer until most of the liquid has been absorbed. Add the spices, potatoes, and broth, bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer and cook for 10 minutes.
Add the fish and continue to cook until the fish flakes easily with a fork. Allow the soup to cool a little, purée in a blender then return to the pan and simmer for a further 10 minutes to heat thoroughly.
Serve in soup bowls garnished with chopped coriander.
Chicken and Olive Stew
900g chicken breasts, skinned and cubed
1 tbsp ghee (or butter)
4 garlic cloves, finely chopped
1 tsp saffron, crumbled
1 bunch coriander (cilantro), finely chopped
225g Greek Kalamata olives, pitted
juice of 1 lemon
salt and freshly-ground black pepper, to taste
Add the oil to a pan and use to cook the chicken for about 10 minutes, or until browned on all sides. Now stir-in the garlic and spices and fry for a further 10 minutes, stirring frequently to ensure that the chicken is covered in the spices.
Add 250ml water and bring to a boil. Reduce to a simmer and cook for about 25 minutes, or until the chicken is completely tender. Finally stir-in the olives and lemon juice and simmer for a further 8 minutes. Season with salt and black pepper and serve hot over couscous or rice.
I hope that article has given you a brief introduction to Algerian cuisine and that you know know keen to find out more about Algerian cookery.

domain: geography


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domain: chemistry


text:
Enjoy our 3 hrs small group tour of max 6 participants of Ancient Rome and its amazing reconstructions with Virtual Reality and skip-the-line tickets. With our local passionate guide you will visit the wonders of the archaeological park of Rome: Roman Forum, Palatine Hill and the Colosseum ... More info ›
Enjoy our 3 hrs small group tour of max 6 participants of Ancient Rome and its amazing reconstructions with Virtual Reality and skip-the-line tickets. With our local passionate guide you will visit the wonders of the archaeological park of Rome: Roman Forum, Palatine Hill and the Colosseum. Also as of June 1st, you will gain access to the arena floor through the Gladiator entrance where battles took place! Throughout the tour you will be given cardboard glasses, gifted to you at the end, in which you will be able to admire at 360°, full reconstructions of Ancient Rome, all to help your guide’s explanation and enhance your final experience. You will literally be traveling back in time, we are sure you will be blown away!
As of June 1st all participants are required to bring a valid form of ID to enter the restricted areas of the Colosseum (passport, drivers license or government ID). Photo copies are acceptable.
After a brief intro, you can place your phone inside the VR glasses and your guide will explain where to use them throughout the tour to enjoy reconstructions of the ancient world and bring the past back to life! With skip-the-line access, bypass all the lines and enter directly into the Colosseum through the Gladiator entrance. Then you will enjoy the first two rings of this wonderful arena. Stories of gladiators, Caesars, games and entertainment, along with thorough explanations of its architecture and flawless engineering will be provided by your expert guide.
After reliving the most famous gladiator’s amphitheater of the world, icon of Rome, your Ancient Rome tour will continue to Palatine Hill. After climbing the hill at the very top you will be able to enjoy a stunning view of the valley between the Palatine Hill and the Aventine Hill where Circus Maximus used to be.
Walk through the pinecone trees, learn fun anecdotes with our top-rated guides and descend into the most famous valley of the world: the Roman Forum. Here you will enjoy the Arch of Titus, the Basilica of Maxentius, the Temple of Antonino and Faustina and when at the bottom you will be standing in the main square, surrounded by some of the most important architectural icons of ancient Rome. The view is spectacular, the explanations and descriptions provided by your guide are immersing you into history, but for a moment, put your glasses on, and see it all come to life in front of you!
LIVITALY VR GLASSES
One pair of LivItaly original VR cardboard glasses will be distributed and gifted to every two people on tour. In order to use the glasses, you are required to download the LivItaly app (via Apple or Android store) prior to the tour and bring the smartphone with the app on the day of the tour. Please note: VR cardboard glasses by no means replace your tour guides efforts and descriptions and serve only as an enhancement to the tour. They are in no way a video game, but instead offer 360-degree visual reconstructions of the architectural wonders that surround you.
ABOUT OUR 6 PEOPLE SMALL GROUP POLICY
When you book a small group tour you are guaranteed one tour guide per group of 6 people. However, in order to accommodate traveling families and friends, we do on rare occasion make the exception of adding an additional one to two guests in order not to separate families. You may also find yourself on tour with less than six people. As we accept bookings in multiples of six, math doesn’t always work in our favor when accommodating groups traveling together. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

domain: entertainment


2012 is looking up for Chrysler, as the auto maker posted its highest sales figures in four years. In fact, March 2012 was the highest in the last four - five year bracket, according to the company. Sales recorded from Bill Luke Chrysler Jeep Dodge in Phoenix, AZ were also higher this year.Chrysler sold 163,381 cars and trucks in March 2012, up 34% from a year ago.
"The combination of credit availability, an improving economy, pent-up demand and even high fuel prices encouraging people to acquire newer, more fuel-efficient vehicles are all helping to drive industry sales," said Reid Bigland, head of US sales for Chrysler Group.1Models like the updated Chrysler 200 were part of the reason the auto maker performed well this month.
With rising fuel prices and
the need for more space, customers are flocking towards Chrysler's
award-winning minivan, the Town & Country, which comes
with incredible gas mileage for its class.
Chrysler once had no models that reached a 30 miles per gallon mark. Now, all vehicles are rating at that, if not more, on the highway. It's a dedication to commuters and the environment that has helped the company make a huge comeback. Vehicles with the highest fuel economy for the organization accounted for 29% of these March sales.


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Voting took place Tuesday at Purvis City Hall to elect a new Alderman At-Large. A runoff election will be held March 4 between Deborah Ferrell and Martin Hankins to fill the Alderman At-Large seat in Purvis.
And they say one vote doesn't make a difference any more.
Deborah Ferrell held on to a one-vote advantage to secure a spot in a March 4 runoff to fill the Alderman At-Large seat in Purvis.
She received the second-most votes in Monday's special election, edging Michael Boler 51 votes to 50 votes. Only one of five affidavit ...

domain: news


I am getting stuck in printing the documents through HP printer due to the occurrence of HP printer offline error. When I give a printing command to my HP printer, suddenly my HP printer showing offline mode. I had a good experience with my printing machine. From the last a few days, my printing is showing offline error message. I don’t have clear ideas about offline problem. When I try my technical skills for resolving HP printer showing offline problem, I get failure message. So I am asking from anyone to obtain fast support for solving this error as soon as possible.


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Through the years, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN), and the Detroit Police Department (DPD) all listed Michael Polizzi as “one of the most prominent younger members of the Detroit Mafia who is now taking over the place in the organization formerly held by his deceased father Angelo.”
Continue reading about Big Mike Polizzi in this Racketeer Snapshot.
Gain Access to the Button Guys of The New York Mafia World
The Most Comprehensive Mafia-related Content on the Web!Subscribe now to gain full access to the Button Guys of The New York Mafia World.
If you would like to purchase a single article only, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.org for pricing.

domain: law


For summer/fall 2016, the MWC received funding through the Great Lakes Guardian Community Fund, funded by the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks. The funding was specifically allotted for shoreline enhancement to reduce nutrients, like phosphorous and nitrogen, from entering the waterways as well as reducing erosion.
The MWC hired a summer co-op student, Martyna Tomczynski, to coordinate the initial shoreline assessments along with two Algonquin College Office of Applied Research summer co-op students.
In fall 2016, Algonquin College’s Office of Applied Research and the Environmental Technician Program helped execute the shoreline enhancement projects based on the initial assessments completed in the summer by the co-op students. Four Muskrat Lake shoreline properties were enhanced, as well as 4 farmland properties along Mink Creek and Snake River. Students were guided by field professionals throughout the duration of the projects, which enhanced their learning as well as our own.
Native trees and shrubs, as well as some clover seed were planted to help control erosion and enhance nutrient uptake. On two properties, natural retaining walls were installed to help combat more serious erosion problems.


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With a vote of 19 to 9, the First Commission of the House of Representatives approved in first debate the police reform project what does he propose, for curb abuses of authority and loss of legitimacy, transfer the National Police from the Ministry of Defense to the Ministry of Justice, in order to guarantee its constitutional mandate.
“It is is a significant step to transform the approach of a Police It has been in the midst of conflict for over 50 years. This transfer is guaranteed for have a law enforcement officer approach, articulated with the Justice Administration System, with the Prosecutor’s Office, with criminal policy, with the penitentiary and prison policy and, of course, with the drug policy”, stated the representative Juanita Goebertus.
You may be interested in:
– Parents of terminally ill minors will have 10 business days leave
– A presidential sanction project that regulates the use of cell phones in schools
The green congresswoman assured that although the Government opposes this reform to Law 62 of 1993, the majority of Presidential candidates have declared themselves in favor of removing the Police from the Ministry of Defense. “Are the only country in the world where she is still in this ministry. I hope this project opens a transcendental conversation to strengthen the legitimacy and effectiveness of the Police, and in general a citizen security policy for the protection of citizens and guarantee of human rights ”.
Now the project will be discussed, in the second of the four debates it requires to become law, on the Chamber Plenary of Representatives. If it is approved there, it will remain in the hands of the Senate to authorize this transfer what do you expect move the institution away from the military focus and of the activities that generate tensions with the communities.
Although the negative concept of both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Justice, complicate the approval and processing of this reform, the bet of its promoters is that it be approved in a second debate, allowing it to be discussed, eventually, after the current government ends its mandate.
This project, which is the first of police reform that without being the responsibility of the Government passes its first debate, is part of legislative initiative package named ‘Young people have the floor’, that were filed by congressmen from most communities (including the Democratic Center), the product of conversations, precisely, with more than 300 young people from the 12 cities with the highest unemployment rates in the country.


text:
What Is Jet Fuel Meals?
Jet Fuel Meals is taking flight with their healthy food distribution service. They are getting enormous appeal, as they offer fresh, high-grade as well as natural healthier meals that please your appetite and also offer the meal delivered comfort we have actually all involved adore (particularly for plant-based lovers).
Being a leading food distribution service provider, this brand satisfies greater than just vegan, plant-based food eaters. Jet Fuel Meals also has meal prepare for athletes (for weight gain), keto, kids, pescatarian (fish and shellfish diet plans) and also a Maintain strategy. In addition to their meal plans, they additionally provide Resistance Home builder Picture (AKA wellness shots) as well as Cold Press Juices for metabolic power.
What Is Jet Fuel Meals?
Jet Fuel Meals is taking flight with their healthy and balanced food distribution solution. They are getting large appeal, as they offer fresh, high-quality and also natural healthier meals that please your appetite as well as supply the meal provided convenience we have actually all involved adore (especially for plant-based fans).
Being a leading food distribution company, this brand name caters to more than simply vegan, plant-based food eaters. Jet Fuel Meals likewise has meal prepare for professional athletes (for weight gain), keto, children, pescatarian (fish and shellfish diets) and also a Maintain strategy. Along with their meal plans, they also use Resistance Home builder Shots (AKA health shots) as well as Cold Press Juices for metabolic power.
Jet Fuel Meal Plans
We need to confess that this is the first time we have actually seen numerous various meal strategies catering to various objectives and preferences. If you’re an athlete aiming to put on weight simply opt for the Athletic Weight Gain Plan. And also if you’re aiming to drop weight you can choose the Keto Weight-loss strategy. So, let’s review all 6 strategies now.
Jet Fuel Meals Testimonial Meal Plans
Athletic Weight Gain meal strategy
If you’re exercising or just attempting to acquire some weight, the Athletic Weight Gain meal shipment strategy offers larger and also juicier parts. 600 calories suffice for one meal but we’re not speaking about unhealthy food however healthy food. This makes these meals a terrific resource of vitamins, carbs, and also antioxidants. They are likewise low in cholesterol, and saturated fat, as well as have no extra sugar. Here are some example meals for today:
Pork Tenderloin Al Cilantro (with Asparagus, Yellow Rice and also Cilantro Sauce).
Lemon Pepper Garlic Chicken (with Penne, Kale as well as Sliced Lemon on top).
Coconut Mahi Mahi (with Couscous, Yellow Squash as well as Red Pepper).
Ribeye Chimichurri (with Potatoes, Purple Cabbage and also Onion).
Plant Based meal plan.
Release the power of the plants with this Jet Fuel Meals prepare. With around 400 calories per serving, these meals are just as healthy as they’re delicious. With no meat in sight let’s consider a few of the meals for this week:.
Mediterranean Hummus Dish (with Couscous as well as Carrots).
Broccoli Vegan Burger (with Sweet Potato and Kale).
Beefless Marinara Linguine (with Fresh Tomatoes as well as Broccoli).
Quinoa As Well As Black Bean Rolls (with Sweet Plantain as well as Zucchini).
Preserve or Traditional meal strategy.
Jet Fuel Meals Preserve Meal Plan.
If you’re looking to preserve your weight this is the perfect meal plan for you. It’s additionally a great choice if you don’t wish to experiment too much with different meals as well as choices. It will offer you a taste of what Jet Fuel Meals uses and also we make sure you’re mosting likely to be back for more. Below are some example meals from this week:.
Velvety Natural Herbs Turkey Breast (with Turkey, Sweet Potatoes as well as Zucchini).
Poultry Salad del Bosco (with Quinoa, Cucumber, Tomatoes, Orange and Arugula).
Texas Barbeque Pork (with Baked Beans, Coleslaw as well as BBQ Sauce).
Poultry Pizza (with Linguini, Pepperoni and Spinach).
Keto Weight reduction meal strategy.
This ketogenic-inspired meal plan will certainly assist you reduce weight and stay healthy with delightful as well as filling meals. This is where those cooks make their living, giving you alternatives that will help you reach your weight goals. The plan contains getting rid of carbs from your diet and replacing it with a boost in protein, veggies, as well as great fats. This is the present option:.
Miami Early Morning (with Grape Tomatoes, Serrano Ham and also Cuban Pork).
Ribeye Chimichurri (with Rutabaga, Purple Cabbage and Onion).
Shrimp Fried Rice (with Fried Rice, Green Beans, Peas, Carrots, Peppers and also Bean Sprouts).
Chicken Dolce Vita (with Oat Rice, Red Pepper Sauce and Caramelized Onions).
Pescatarian meal strategy.
Jet Fuel Meals Pescatarian Meal Plan.
This all-fish meal plan is best for those that are looking for lean healthy protein. With around 350 calories per offering, these meals are also rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Here are simply a few of them:.
Crusted Rainbow Trout.
Grilled Red Snapper.
Lemon Glazed Branzino.
Kids meal plan.
With the enhancement of a Kids meal plan, Jet Fuel Meals ends up being the true Family Meal Distribution Service. Not just your kids will certainly be consuming excellent food yet with every meal they will obtain a side of fruit or snack. Nutritionally balanced to help them expand and also stay healthy, they are a best alternative for active families who intend to consume right. And avoid unhealthy food. Right here’s the menu for today:.
Cubed Grilled Chicken (with Baked Potato French Fries as well as Yogurt).
Turkey Picadillo (with White Rice and Fruit).
Ground Beef Bolognese (with Fresh Fruits and also White Rice).
Stove Baked Turkey and Pasta (with Fresh Fruits).
Jet Fuel Meals Prices.
Pricing for Ketogenic Meal Strategies.
1 meal per day: $51.00 weekly.
Minimum of six days weekly.
2 meals per day: $80.00 per week $319.00/ month-to-month.
3 meals daily: $115.00 per week $437.00/ month-to-month.
The weekly cost of 4 meals every day is $140.00. $532.00/ regular monthly.
5 meals each day: $170.00 per week $680.00 per month.
You will be able to select a begin date for your meals on the checkout web page. You may start on any of their shipment days as long as you are not inside the 48-hour home window for the adhering to distribution day. They provide three times a week, on Monday, Wednesday, and also Friday. Their meals are fresh, natural, preservative-free, and never frozen! You can maintain their meals in the refrigerator for concerning 3 days and also can be iced up if wanted.
Is Jet Fuel Meals Legit?
Why are Jet Fuel Meals so popular? Cooks with 5 celebrities– Enjoy freshly prepared meals provided by 5-star chefs with over three decades of experience. Their once a week as well as regular monthly meal plans adjustment, so bid farewell to your boring old meal strategy!
Is Jet Fuel Meals Worth It?
Heat & Serve– Their typical client conserves as much as 6-8 hrs every week by not needing to cook! They do all of the grocery shopping, cooking, and cleansing. They supply a 16-week turning menu, which means you will not receive the exact same dishes for 4 months in a row unless it is a follower favorite! Talk about a vast array.
Is Jet Fuel Meals An Excellent Brand?
Hassle-free– They do the shopping, the cooking, the deliciousness, and the healthiness. To cover it all off, they deliver best to your door 3 times each week.
Part control– Their healthier meal strategies provide the excellent equilibrium. Every Jet Fuel Meal is specifically calculated as well as portioned to meet your unique requirements.
Final Thought Concerning Jet Fuel Meals.
They offer a choice of meal strategies designed to meet a selection of demands as well as objectives. You will certainly come across terrific options for yourself, whether you intend to lose weight, gain weight, or stay with a pescatarian or plant-based diet regimen. Moreover, their components are always fresh and acquired in your area! You additionally have the alternative to supplement your meal strategy with a choice of treats and also cold-pressed beverages. During the sign-up process, you will be able to add these options.

domain: food


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The European Data Protection Supervisor has had a busy year - with a wider remit to cover all EU institutions as well as helping to write a new legal framework for data protection across the European Union. It took some unpopular positions against handing passenger name records to the US and called for stronger legal protection …
not a big deal but....
... you assume wrong ("we assume with advice from the EDPS,"). Commissioner Viviane Reding was motivated to act as a result of a significant number of individual UK citizens contacting her directly about Phorm. This type of process is somewhat outside the EDPS' remit.
So, the EU is at least partially useful ?
The EU has generally been at the forefront where personal privacy is concerned, and good on them for that.
Unfortunately, the EU has been seriously lacking in backbone when it comes to standing up to the outrageous demands of the US government devil spawn, Homeland Security, and that is a shame.
The European Union and the Council of Europe are different things.
"The supervisor said the coming year would include more work in reviewing data protection and retention laws..."
About time they kicked arse over the UK's illegal retention of innocent people's DNA, then.
- Updated Zucker punched: Google gobbles Facebook-wooed Titan Aerospace
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Watch the New Dexter Season 7 Teaser!
Picking things up with the shocking events of last year's finale, this Season 7 promo hypes a big moment of truth for Dexter.
While it might not actually show any new footage, this new promo for Dexter's upcoming seventh season (which features guest stars Ray Stevenson and Yvonne Strahovski) promises a big "moment of truth" between Dexter and sister, Debra.
Dexter can accept living in the darkness. "But can she?"
Dexter's Season 7 premieres on Sunday, September 30th on Showtime.


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SIC Code 0212 Beef Cattle, except Feedlots
IndustryAgriculture, Forestry, Fishing
Establishments primarily engaged in the production or feeding of beef cattle, except feedlots.
Establishments primarily raising dairy cattle are classified inIndustry 0241.
- Beef cattle farms, except feedlots
- Cattle raising farms
- Cattle ranches
- 021201Livestock Producers
- 021202Cattle Ranches
- 0212001Livestock Producers
- 02120000Beef Cattle, Except Feedlots


text: Blog Last update — 01 February Gallery1 February, 2021Yago Hortal presents his first retrospective at the Can Framis Museum: "That was before, this is now".. Gallery30 December, 2020"Rough Diamonds to be Discovered", Carlos Durán in an interview with Dubai's "Chic Icon".. Gallery5 November, 2020Miralda for the 2020 LOOP Fair: Trains and vacancy. Gallery4 November, 2020From the Amazon Jungle to the City Screen. Brazilian artist Regina Parra at the 2020 LOOP festival.. Gallery12 June, 2020Carlos Durán: "Until we don't make culture a priority, this society will grow smaller". Gallery31 March, 2020. Gallery2 December, 2019Glenda León, Metamorphic Stridency by Andrea Violeta Rojas. Artist16 May, 2019Zosen and Mina Hamada present “Una Mina de Color”, a large scale participatory project in the neighborhood of La Mina, Barcelona. Artist9 May, 2019Peter Halley presents "Heterotopia I" at the Venice Biennale 2019. Artist6 May, 2019Francis Ruyter exhibits “Hurricane/Time/Image”. An allusion to the use of technology reflected in human experience.. Artist2 May, 2019Glenda León presents “Natural Mechanics” at the Havana Biennial 2019.. Gallery30 April, 2019Behind the Walls, the new face of Plensa at the Rockefeller Center. Artist1 April, 2019Gino Rubert presents SÍ, QUIERO. Gallery3 May, 2018AES+F. THEATRUM MUNDI in the Musée d’art et d’histoire, Genève. Gallery6 March, 2018Video: Immerse yourself in the world of JOAN PONÇ in Brasil | Dra. Mar dos Santos.

domain: artistic


At 10 a.m. on Thursday morning, Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee voted on a resolution to formalize their investigation into President Donald Trump, a major escalation in what Chairman Jerrold Nadler has referred to, somewhat confusingly, as an “impeachment investigation.” For months Democratic leadership had been moving at a snail-like pace, frustrating progressives who have pushed for a more aggressive timetable. Now, these Democrats hope, the move toward impeachment can begin in earnest—before they lose their window of opportunity before the 2020 election.
“I can’t say enough about it. I am very personally gratified and enthusiastic about the direction that we are going and I commend the chairman and the Speaker for proceeding in this direction,” Tennessee congressman Steve Cohen told me. “I don’t think it means that we are there, in terms of voting on impeachment articles, which I would do and will do if given the opportunity. But I think we are at least having the right course of conduct so that our investigations will be fulsome.”
The vote was symbolic, reflecting similar steps the Judiciary Committee took during previous impeachment proceedings in the House. It was perhaps most analogous to the vote Democratic congressman Peter Rodino led as chairman of the committee in October 1973 to investigate any allegations of “impeachable offenses” by Richard Nixon. But it was also intended to cement the formality of the probe. Notably, Thursday’s vote empowered Nadler to designate full-committee and subcommittee hearings as part of the investigation, making the hearings subject to special procedures that give lawmakers more time to question witnesses, allow the committee to shield sensitive evidence, and provide the president and his legal team with due process in responding to the findings.
While Judiciary first signaled weeks ago that articles of impeachment were one possible outcome of its investigation, some members argue the move provides much-needed clarity as to whether the committee was, in fact, really conducting an impeachment inquiry or just making a show of one. “It is a message that is that we are seriously looking at doing an impeachment inquiry—it is not just verbiage. It is reality,” Cohen said emphatically. Nadler also sounded frustrated with the confusion surrounding the investigation. “Some call this process an impeachment inquiry. Some call it an impeachment investigation,” he said Thursday. “There is no legal difference between these terms, and I no longer care to argue about the nomenclature.”
Yet House leadership still appears hesitant to telegraph that the Judiciary Committee is, in Nadler’s words, conducting an “impeachment investigation,” even though House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has supported the panel’s every move. Pelosi, as always, has left all options open, and the rest of the leadership has followed her lead, likely seeking to leave space for Democrats facing tough elections next fall in districts where impeachment is perhaps less politically palatable. As Politico reported Tuesday, some lawmakers are already taking advantage of this apparent one-size-fits-all approach to investigating Trump.
Ambiguous messaging aside, however, there is no doubt that the impeachment probe is broadening. The new investigatory procedures will be in effect for the testimonies of Corey Lewandowski, Rick Dearborn, and Rob Porter, the three of whom are expected to appear before Congress on September 17 and were key witnesses to potential obstruction of justice episodes outlined in the Mueller report. Earlier this month the Judiciary Committee announced that it would pick up the work of the Southern District of New York and investigate Trump’s hush money payments to cover up his alleged affairs with Stormy Daniels and Karen McDougal. Last week Nadler announced that his panel had also requested all documents and communications from the Department of Homeland Security regarding the president’s reported dangling of pardons for officials who might break the law in carrying out his immigration policies.


The following table contains the model parameters for the pn-junction diode model.
|Isr||recombination current parameter|
|Nr||emission coefficient for Isr|
|Cj0||zero-bias junction capacitance|
|Fc||forward-bias depletion capacitance coefficient|
|Bv||reverse breakdown voltage|
|Ibv||current at reverse breakdown voltage|
|Kf||flicker noise coefficient|
|Af||flicker noise exponent|
|Ffe||flicker noise frequency exponent|
|Xti||saturation current exponent|
|Tbv||Bv linear temperature coefficient|
|Trs||Rs linear temperature coefficient|
|Ttt1||Tt linear temperature coefficient|
|Ttt2||Tt quadratic temperature coefficient|
|Tm1||M linear temperature coefficient|
|Tm2||M quadratic temperature coefficient|
|Tnom||temperature at which parameters were extracted|
|Area||default area for diode|
The current equation of the diode and its derivative writes as follows:
The complete MNA matrix entries are:
The voltage dependent capacitance consists of a diffusion capacitance, a junction capacitance and an additional linear capacitance which is usually modeled by the following equations.
The S-parameters of the passive circuit shown in fig. 10.4 can be written as
The thermal noise generated by the series resistor is characterized by the following spectral density.
The shot noise and flicker noise generated by the DC current flow through the diode is characterized by the following spectral density.
Thus the noise current correlation matrix can be formed. This matrix can be easily converted to the noise wave correlation matrix representation using the formulas given in section 2.4.2 on page .
An ideal diode (pn- or schottky-diode) generates shot noise. Both types of current (field and diffusion) contribute independently to it. That is, even though the two currents flow in different directions ("minus" in dc current equation), they have to be added in the noise equation (current is proportional to noise power spectral density). Taking into account the dynamic conductance in parallel to the noise current source, the noise wave correlation matrix writes as follows.
Where is charge of an electron, the temperature voltage, the (dynamic) conductance of the diode and its junction capacitance.
To be very precise, the equation above only holds for diodes whose field and diffusion current dominate absolutely (diffusion limited diode), i.e. . Many diodes also generate a generation/recombination current ( ), which produces shot noise, too. But depending on where and how the charge carriers generate or recombine, their effective charge is somewhat smaller than . To take this into account, one needs a further factor . Several opinions exist according the value of . Some say 1 and 2/3 are common values, others say with and being bias dependent. Altogether it is:
Remark: Believing the diode equation is the whole truth, it is logical to define , because at the conductance of the diode must create thermal noise.
Some special diodes have additional current or noise components (tunnel diodes, avalanche diodes etc.). All these mechanisms are not taken into account in equation (10.21).
The parasitic ohmic resistance in a non-ideal diode, of course, creates thermal noise.
Noise current correlation matrix (for details on the parameters see above):
This section mathematically describes the dependencies of the diode characterictics on temperature. For a junction diode a typical value for is , for a Schottky barrier diode it is . The energy band gap at zero temperature is by default eV. For other materials than Si, eV (for a Schottky barrier diode), eV (for Ge) and eV (for GaAs) should be used.
with experimental values for Si given by
The following equations show the temperature dependencies of the diode parameters. The reference temperature in these equations denotes the nominal temperature specified by the diode model.
Some additionial temperature coefficients determine the temperature dependence of even more model parameters.
The area factor used in the diode model determines the number of equivalent parallel devices of the specified model. The diode model parameters affected by the factor are:


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Vineet Veitla, MD; Bhavna Bhasin, MD
Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) is considered to be a very useful and informative extension of the bedside physical exam. The information obtained from POCUS allows for real time assessment for expedited decision making to improve efficiency in patient care and management. Many programs across the country are now incorporating POCUS into their training schedules to allow their residents, fellows, and faculty to gain competence in the techniques and varied clinical uses of POCUS [1-3]. In nephrology, POCUS has been used at the bedside for access planning, dialysis catheter placement, and to guide kidney biopsies to mention a few applications . There is a wide scope for POCUS in nephrology in addition to kidney and bladder assessment. This includes focused cardiac ultrasound to evaluate the heart for structural and functional abnormalities and lung ultrasound as well. These bedside ultrasound assessments help with point of care management decisions pertaining to volume assessment in acute and chronic kidney disease, adjustment of ultrafiltration goals in dialysis patients, and evaluation of hypotension and dyspnea.
This review describes the techniques, interpretation, and application of focused cardiac ultrasound for the nephrologist (FoCUS).
A fundamental component of ultrasound imaging is choosing the right transducer or probe. The probe used for cardiac assessment is made from piezoelectric crystals which generate fine vibrations in a phenomenon called reverse piezoelectric effect . These vibrations are converted to ultrasonic waves that are transmitted to the tissue and then reflected back to the probe. This effect causes mechanical distortion of the crystals, which is converted to an electric current and then used by the ultrasound machine to generate an image .
Transducer types: Ultrasound transducers differ in construction based on piezoelectric crystal arrangement, aperture (footprint), and frequency. The transducer used for cardiac ultrasound is a phased array transducer which produces diverging low frequency ultrasound beams (1 to 5 MHz) that generate a pie shaped format with room for focus adjustment and steering. Differential excitation of the piezoelectric crystals creates rapid electronic beams by sequentially pulsing multiple small crystals within the transducer. This technology allows for efficient two dimensional imaging and is optimal for structures such as the heart.
Views in Cardiac Imaging
Cardiac ultrasound requires assessment of both structure and function of the heart and the highest quality images should be acquired for optimal assessment. In order to be confident in the interpretation of cardiac ultrasound findings, views from multiple imaging planes should be obtained. Traditional teaching focuses on achieving proficiency in five core cardiac views: parasternal long axis (PLAX), parasternal short axis (mid ventricular level) (PSAX), apical 4-chamber (A4C), subcostal 4-chamber (S4C), and subcostal inferior vena cava (IVC) views . Images from these views are shown in Figure 1.
Imaging Windows and Views
Traditionally cardiac ultrasound begins with the parasternal window. Ideally, the patient should be placed in a supine position, but if needed the patient can be made to lie in the left lateral decubitus position to bring the heart in direct contact with the chest wall.
Parasternal long axis view (PLAX): This is obtained by placing the phased-array probe immediately to the left of the sternum in the third or fourth intercostal space (ICS) with the probe marker pointing towards the right shoulder. The beam should be positioned parallel to a line running from the patient’s shoulder to the left hip. The appropriate window for imaging may lie anywhere between the second to the fifth intercostal spaces and sliding might help get the best images possible where the mitral valve should be positioned in the center of the ultrasound image. An ideal parasternal window has appropriate positioning of the cardiac structures and the least interference from the adjacent organs including the lung. Images obtained from this view demonstrate the anatomic cross-section of the long axis of the heart and include the aortic valve (AV), mitral valve (MV), left ventricle (LV), pericardium, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), and portions of the ascending and descending aorta (AO).
The right ventricle (RV) is visualized at the top of the screen. While keeping the probe steady, the mitral and the aortic valves can be seen and the ultrasound beam can be centered on the left ventricle. With slight rotation and tilting movements of the probe, the left ventricular cavity can be analyzed in its full extent. PLAX view is used primarily to assess LV size and function in addition to the AV, MV, and left atrial size. Circumferential pericardial effusions can also be detected in this view. However, assessment of right ventricle size and function is difficult from this view.
Parasternal short axis views (PSAX): An effective technique to acquire high-quality PSAX views is by starting with high-quality PLAX views. The probe is then rotated 90 degrees clockwise to point towards the patient left shoulder. Care must be taken not to allow the transducer to slide to a different position on the chest. The 2-hand maneuver can be tried so as to keep the transducer steady with one hand while the other hand rotates the transducer into position. While five different imaging planes can be achieved in the parasternal short axis view, the mid ventricular level is favored by most providers for its reliable portrayal of LV function. Mid-ventricular parasternal short axis view is achieved when both papillary muscles are visualized in cross-section and appear symmetric. The short axis mid-ventricular view is best for assessing global LV systolic function and segmental LV wall motion. This view also helps assess the shape and function of the interventricular septum in the setting of RV dilatation and dysfunction. Large or moderate sized circumferential pericardial effusions can also be visualized.
Pulmonary artery level: From the mid-ventricular level the ultrasound beam is tilted towards the base of the heart. The plane is considered correct when the pulmonary valve (PV), main pulmonary artery (MPA), and AO are seen in short axis. In this view, pulmonary regurgitation velocities may be used to estimate the mean and diastolic pulmonary artery pressures.
AV level: From the pulmonary artery level, the transducer is tilted slightly inferiorly towards the apex of the heart. An ideal image includes short axis view of the AV, which may require a slight rotation of the transducer until all 3 AV cusps appear symmetric. This view allows assessment of AV and TV (Figure 2).
MV level: When rotating from parasternal long axis to short axis view, the distinct fish mouth appearance of the MV is usually seen first which allows for an assessment of the MV (Figure 2).
Mid-ventricular, papillary muscle level: This view reveals the most useful clinical information in vast majority of acutely ill patients. Papillary muscles are symmetrically seen in cross-section in the center of the circular left-ventricular cavity. Motion of individual LV chamber wall segments is best assessed at this level, as well as overall LV systolic function (Figure 2).
Apical level: The short axis view is obtained by tilting the transducer to aim the ultrasound beam inferiorly, towards the apex of the heart. The left ventricular apex is visualized sequentially starting from the mid papillary muscle level and moving inferiorly. LV systolic function may be overestimated compared to the mid ventricular level. In rare cases an apical LV thrombus may be seen.
Imaging window: The apical window usually follows the parasternal views. It is more difficult to obtain quality images from an apical window when compared to parasternal or subcostal windows.
Apical 4-Chamber View
With the patient either in the left lateral decubitus position or supine with subtle leftward rotation, the probe is placed over the cardiac apex (inferolateral to the left nipple in males and below the inferolateral quadrant of the left breast in females). Once the apex is visualized, the transducer needs to be tilted steeply to aim the orientation marker to the patient’s left side.
Once positioned in the apical area, the transducer should be rocked to align the interventricular septum in a vertical position in the center of the screen. The transducer might need to be rotated slightly so that the LV and RV cavities are viewed in a true longitudinal cross-section. In an ideal apical 4-chamber view the LV, RV, LA, and RA can all be seen clearly in addition to the MV and TV. The apical 4-chamber view helps in assessment of the RV and its systolic function. MV and TV can also be evaluated and pericardial fluid can be detected.
Apical 2-Chamber View
Starting from an apical 4-chamber view, the transducer is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise. The ideal view reveals LV, LA, and MV. Under rotation or over rotation can reveal RV or LVOT respectively. This view allows assessment of the regional LV function.
Apical 3-Chamber View
Starting from an apical-2 chamber view, the transducer is further rotated 30 degrees counterclockwise. The ideal view demonstrates the LV, LA, and MV with the LVOT and AV appearing at the 5 o’clock position. Assessment of the inferolateral and anteroseptal LV walls can be ascertained from this position.
In the subcostal view, the transducer is placed below the xiphoid process in the midline with the probe marker pointed to the patient left side. The ultrasound transducer face should be aimed upward towards the heart and left shoulder. Asking the patient to bend their knees to relax the abdomen or holding their breath momentarily at end of inspiration can transiently shift the heart downward into view.
Subcostal 4-Chamber View
Once the heart is in view in the subcoastal window, subtle transducer manipulation can help in acquisition of an optimal 4-chamber view. Ideally the RV, LV, RA, LA, and pericardium should be visualized in cross section along the long axis of the heart. This view can help assess the RV free wall and perform a comparison of LV and RV size. However, as the imaging plane is through the inferior portion of the heart rather than the middle of the heart, RV size can be underestimated. This view also allows for visualization of pericardial effusion.
Inferior Vena Cava View
Once the traditional subcostal view is obtained, the transducer is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, so the orientation marker is directed cephalad. With subtle adjustments and while not losing view of the right atrium, the IVC comes into focus with the RA-IVC junction on the screen. An ideal subcostal view also demonstrates the hepatic veins emptying into the IVC, along with the IVC emptying into the RA.
Left Ventricular Systolic Function Assessment
Assessment of left ventricular systolic function includes calculation of the stroke volume and also ejection fraction. The steps involved in this assessment are as follows:
Measurement of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT)
Measurement of left ventricular outflow tract diameter is crucial for assessment of left ventricular systolic function. Once PLAX views are obtained, focus is directed towards the aortic valve and the LVOT to capture the maximal opening of the AV valve in mid-systole. The diameter of the LVOT at the base of the AV is measured. The LVOT area is calculated based on the equation below .
LVOT area = π x (radius of LVOT)2
Measurement of Velocity Time Integral (VTI)
Once apical 4-chamber views are obtained, with slight manipulation of technique, apical 5 chamber views can be obtained. Once this view is obtained, pulse wave doppler can be centered in the LVOT to obtain the LVOT systolic flow velocity. Once the systolic flow velocity is traced, the machine software can calculate the area under the curve which will results in estimation of the velocity time integral (VTI). The VTI (measured in centimeters) represents the distance blood is propelled forward from the LVOT to the aorta with each cardiac contraction.
Calculation of Stroke Volume
Once the LVOT diameter and VTI have been entered into the ultrasound, the available software calculates the left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) according to the equation:
LVSV (cm3) = LVOT Area (cm2) X LVOT VTI (cm)
The formula is derived from the volume of a cylinder while considering that LVOT is the area of the cylinder and VTI represents the height of the cylinder, so the LVSV is a product of these two measurements.
EPSS (E-Point Septal Separation)
The major chambers on the left side of the heart, the left atrium and left ventricle, are separated from each other by the mitral valve. The mitral valve is made up of two leaflets: anterormedial and posterolateral. The mitral valve is typically 4-6 cm2 in area. In the PLAX view, using the M-mode (motion mode), the cursor is placed through the mitral valve. In order of sequence (from top to the bottom) the RV, interventricular septum, anterior mitral valve leaflet, and posterior ventricular wall can be seen. The first peak (E-wave) noted during mitral valve tracing is the passive diastolic filling of the left ventricle while the following, smaller A-wave represents LV filling from LA contraction. EPSS represents the distance separating the peak height of the E-wave from the interventricular septum during early diastolic filling. EPSS can be thought of most simply as inversely correlated with left ventricle contractility and ejection fraction. A normal, healthy anterior MV leaflet may come in contact with the septum creating zero distance of E-point separation. An EPSS greater than 7 mm may be used to predict patients with severely reduced LVEF . The technique for measurement of EPSS is shown in Figure 3.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE)
A commonly used parameter for measurement of right ventricular function is called tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). In an apical 4‑chamber view, the maximum systolic excursion of the lateral tricuspid annulus is measured by M‑mode. The tracing can be acquired easily. Though TAPSE varies from individual to individual based on gender and body surface area, a TAPSE < 17 mm is highly suggestive of RV dysfunction .
Inferior Vena Cava Measurements (IVC Measurements)
A routine part of POCUS should include IVC measurements. Images are obtained as described above in the subcostal view of the heart. One important aspect to remember while acquiring images of the IVC is to obtain images longitudinally with the transducer centered on the long axis of the IVC to accurately estimate IVC diameter and collapsibility. Imaging outside the longitudinal axis of the IVC will result in oblique view of the vessel and underestimation of the vessel diameter in the so-called “cylinder effect”. Using M-Mode, the diameter of the IVC can be calculated. The IVC is subject to great degree of variation due to the effect of the RA. IVC diameter <2.1 cm that collapses >50% suggests normal RA pressure of 3 mm Hg (range, 0–5 mm Hg), whereas IVC diameter >2.1 cm that collapses <50% with a sniff suggests high RA pressure of 15 mm Hg (range, 10–20 mm Hg) . IVC measurement may not reliably predict right atrial pressure and volume status in patients who have intraabdominal hypertension, acute excerbation of airways disease such as asthma or COPD, right ventricular failure, or pericardial tamponade as well as those on positive pressure ventilation. Similarly, in conditions of severe tricuspid regurgitation and pericardial constriction, there is likely to be a discordance between IVC measurements and the actual volume status of a patient. Incorrect techniques of image acquisition, movement of the transducer while using M-mode and lateral sliding of the IVC relative to the transducer with inspiration may introduce additional sources of error that operators and interpreters must keep in mind .
Clinical Application of FOCUS in Nephrology Practice
Emergency medicine programs use the 5E’s mnemonic to gather valuable information from FOCUS which includes effusion, ejection, equality, exit, and entrance. Applying this information to clinical nephrology can help in a variety of scenarios described below that are frequently encountered on the nephrology consult service and dialysis rounds. A few representative images of abnormalities that may be seen on FoCUS are depicted in Figure 4.
Dyspnea: Dyspnea is a common presenting complaint in patients with kidney disease . The differential for dyspnea is broad and includes, amongst other causes, LV dysfunction (leading to pulmonary edema), acute RV strain (in the setting of pulmonary embolism), valvular disorders (for example, mitral regurgitation), or pericardial effusion. Prompt bedside FoCUS can help delineate these different etiologies of dyspnea and guide further management as clinically indicated.
Hypotension: Hypotension is frequently encountered in dialysis patients [2, 13] and this is also a risk factor for development of hemodynamic acute kidney injury . Hypotension can also manifest in the different types of shock seen in critically sick patients which may be challenging to differentiate clinically. FoCUS can help rapidly identify the etiology of shock as cardiac versus non-cardiac and guide initiation of appropriate protocols for treatment in a timely and efficient manner.
Volume management: The need for volume assessment and assistance with management is a frequent reason for requesting nephrology consultation in the hospital. IVC assessment has been shown to correlate well with RAP . The caveat here is that IVC assessment needs to be interpreted in the appropriate clinical context and may not provide accurate estimation of the volume status in some scenarios including mechanically ventilated patients  and those with intraabdominal hypertension . Serial measurements of the IVC can help in guiding diuretic management in fluid overloaded patients. Also, IVC assessment in dialysis patients can help add precision to adjustment to ultrafiltration goals and estimated dry weight with dialysis .
In conclusion, FoCUS is an attractive modality for the busy nephrologist with the ability to provide quick, point of care answers to common clinical questions.
The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Koratala for providing images for Figure 1, 2 & 4.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. No funding was obtained for this work.
1. Lee, L. and J.M. DeCara, Point-of-Care Ultrasound. Curr Cardiol Rep, 2020. 22(11): p. 149.
2. Mullangi, S., et al., Point-of-care ultrasound education to improve care of dialysis patients. Semin Dial, 2018. 31(2): p. 154-162.
3. Koratala, A., M.S. Segal, and A. Kazory, Integrating Point-of-Care Ultrasonography Into Nephrology Fellowship Training: A Model Curriculum. Am J Kidney Dis, 2019. 74(1): p. 1-5.
4. Niyyar, V.D. and W.C. O’Neill, Point-of-care ultrasound in the practice of nephrology. Kidney Int, 2018. 93(5): p. 1052-1059.
5. Bakhru, R.N. and W.D. Schweickert, Intensive care ultrasound: I. Physics, equipment, and image quality. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2013. 10(5): p. 540-8.
6. Lawrence, J.P., Physics and instrumentation of ultrasound. Crit Care Med, 2007. 35(8 Suppl): p. S314-22.
7. Perera, P., et al., The RUSH exam: Rapid Ultrasound in SHock in the evaluation of the critically lll. Emerg Med Clin North Am, 2010. 28(1): p. 29-56, vii.
8. Hahn, R.T. and P. Pibarot, Accurate Measurement of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Diameter: Comment on the Updated Recommendations for the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Stenosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2017. 30(10): p. 1038-1041.
9. McKaigney, C.J., et al., E-point septal separation: a bedside tool for emergency physician assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Emerg Med, 2014. 32(6): p. 493-7.
10. Schneider, M. and T. Binder, Echocardiographic evaluation of the right heart. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 2018. 130(13-14): p. 413-420.
11. Koratala, A., V. Teodorescu, and V.D. Niyyar, The Nephrologist as an Ultrasonographer. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 2020. 27(3): p. 243-252.
12. Salerno, F.R., G. Parraga, and C.W. McIntyre, Why Is Your Patient Still Short of Breath? Understanding the Complex Pathophysiology of Dyspnea in Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Dial, 2017. 30(1): p. 50-57.
13. Reeves, P.B. and F.R. Mc Causland, Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Treatment of Intradialytic Hypotension. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2018. 13(8): p. 1297-1303.
14. Lehman, L.W., et al., Hypotension as a Risk Factor for Acute Kidney Injury in ICU Patients. Comput Cardiol (2010), 2010. 37: p. 1095-1098.
15. Velez, J.C.Q., G. Therapondos, and L.A. Juncos, Reappraising the spectrum of AKI and hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis. Nat Rev Nephrol, 2020. 16(3): p. 137-155.
16. Kaptein, M.J., et al., Relationship of inferior vena cava collapsibility to ultrafiltration volume achieved in critically ill hemodialysis patients. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis, 2018. 11: p. 195-209.
17. https://www.renalfellow.org/2019/06/07/introduction-to-focused-cardiac-ultrasound-the-parasternal-long-axis-view/. Last accessed on Nov 18, 2020 .
18. Blanco, P., Volpicelli G., Common pitfalls in point-of-care ultrasound: a practical guide for emergency and critical care physicians. Crit Ultrasound J. 2016 Dec;8(1):15

domain: medical


text:
Women in Lancashire today marked the 100th Wednesday they have held silent protests outside Cuadrilla’s fracking site near Blackpool.
The Call for Calm gathering outside the site at Preston New Road began almost two years ago on 12 July 2017.
The participants said it was a response to violence and aggression experienced by protesters against fracking.
The Oscar winning actor, Dame Emma Thompson, attended a Call for Calm in March 2018.
The regular gatherings were exempted from a High Court injunction against protests obstructing the site entrance.

domain: sociology


North Carolina health officials consider changing how monkeypox vaccine is administered
Health officials in North Carolina are considering a change to how the monkeypox vaccine is administered, which could result in five times as many people being vaccinated.
The vaccine, called JYNNEOS, is ordinarily injected into the fat layer underneath the skin in what is known as a subcutaneous injection. On Tuesday, federal health officials OK'd an alternate method where a fractional dose — one-fifth of a full dose — is injected between skin layers in what’s called an intradermal injection.
The two methods are more or less equally effective, according to a clinical trial published in 2015, and using a fraction of a full dose could allow clinics and other providers to stretch a limited supply.
North Carolina’s Department of Health and Human Services is “discussing the logistics” of intradermal injection, agency spokesperson Kelly Haight said in a statement Wednesday. Haight added that DHHS is providing guidance to local clinics and health departments “as more information becomes available.”
In Mecklenburg County, which has emerged as a monkeypox hotspot in North Carolina, health director Raynard Washington on Wednesday called the approval of the alternative method “good news.” But he emphasized more training and planning is necessary before intradermal vaccination for monkeypox can be implemented locally.
“It is a slightly more sophisticated technique and also requires a different type of needle that we don’t typically use because we don’t do very many intradermal vaccinations — or very many intradermal injections at all,” Washington said.
Demand for the monkeypox vaccine in Mecklenburg County has surged in recent weeks as supply continues to be limited. Washington said the county health department’s goal since Monday has been to vaccinate roughly 300 people per day across its two Charlotte clinics, working its way through a waitlist that as of Wednesday morning had roughly 1,770 people.
Monkeypox vaccines can prevent illness or lead to less severe symptoms if given within 14 days of when someone is exposed to monkeypox. JYNNEOS is currently administered as a series of two doses spaced 28 days apart.
Meanwhile, a report released Wednesday by DHHS showed a disparity in who has received monkeypox vaccines in North Carolina.
Less than one-quarter of vaccines administered so far have gone to Black North Carolinians, the report showed, despite Black men making up 70% of the state’s monkeypox cases. Twenty-four percent of the 3,048 vaccines administered have gone to Black residents, according to the report, compared to 67% that have gone to white residents. White men make up 19% of the state’s reported monkeypox cases.
As of Wednesday morning, according to Washington, Mecklenburg County had recorded 64 total confirmed monkeypox cases. DHHS on Wednesday afternoon reported a total of 122 confirmed cases statewide.


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| GEO Pakistan|
| Girl dies of doctorsí alleged negligence in Karachi|
| Updated at: 0158 PST, Tuesday, January 26, 2010|
KARACHI: A 19-year-old girl has died of alleged negligence rendered by the doctors at Godhran Muslim Hospital located here in the Sector 11 of New Karachi late on Monday evening meanwhile, the hospital staff including doctors and staff members have gone in hiding, Geo news reported.
The family members and residents of their locality, having surrounded the hospital, have staged protest against the alleged murder of girl outside the Godhran Muslim Hospital.
According to details, the girl was taken to hospital after she complained of bellyache during the day timings on Monday and was tendered medicine as the doctors at hospital diagnosed that she was suffering from high blood pressure, which had inflicted pain in her belly. Later, she was permitted to get back home cum advice of re-treatment in the evening at the same hospital.
Subsequently, she was allegedly given wrong injection at the hospital on her return for checkup in the evening while the doctors also inquired family whether they had got her treatment somewhere else as they diagnosed that her blood pressure was down to alarming level, family claimed
Moreover, doctors gave her more medicines and an injection, which took away her life late on Monday night, family further stated.
Now, all the doctors and hospital staff have vanished from hospital and gone in hiding while the family, relatives and area residents have commenced demonstration in protest against alleged murder of girl, chanting slogans and demanding government of immediate notice into the incident, media reports claimed.
Talking to Geo news, Sindh Health Minister Dr. Saghir Ahmed has said we have taken the notice of alleged negligence of doctors and vowed concrete actions against them, adding, their licenses may also be canceled.