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How Notre Dame came to be home to a treasure trove of long-buried documents that provide an intimate and previously unknown accounting of the Russian Revolution.
￼Nicholas II, last of the Romanov tsars who had ruled Russia for 300 years, was an autocrat whose waning authority rested upon impenetrable bureaucracy and repressive police action. In the brutal winter of 1917, protests against the monarchy and Russia’s involvement in the First World War boiled over into a soldiers’ mutiny in the Russian capital, Petrograd. Within days, the Tsar abdicated,a coalition of liberal and moderate socialist politicians formed a provisional government, and an array of socialist intellectuals assumed the leadership of the Petrograd Soviet, an assembly representing hundreds of army units and factories. One socialist faction, the Bolsheviks, had long envisioned a two-stage revolution that would first remove the Tsar in favor of Western-style democracy and then arm radicalized workers to overthrow Russia’s wealthy elites. At first they formed only the third largest faction in the Soviet, but they were not finished. For them, the “February Revolution,” in one historian’s estimation, “was a mere prelude to the ‘true’— that is, socialist — revolution” that would come in October and, after a civil war, beget the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922. — The Editors
It was winter, 1917. The Russian Empire was disintegrating.
The last Tsar was mired in a world war in which his leadership inspired no confidence at home. Casualties were in the millions. Morale was in the mud. Desertions multiplied, pogroms spread, war debts continued to mount. In her splendor, the Tsarina alienated the political counselors of the Duma (the Tsar’s national parliament), and Mother Russia faced a new year of famine, mutiny, inflation and strikes. In March, Tsar Nicholas II heard reports of Petrograd in anarchy. Urged by his ministers, he soon abdicated and was placed under house arrest by a provisional government composed of leaders of the old Duma and a new worker’s council, the “soviet.”
The advocates of democracy enjoyed an exhilarating spring that lengthened into a challenging summer.
Then came the Bolshevik autumn. Problems had not been solved. Factories had continued to close, foreign debt was in the billions, the war was still raging, and there were worker strikes and military mutinies as far south as Baku. The Provisional Government wanted to finish the war, but workers and soldiers had had enough. Demonstrations were put down by the government with gunfire. Some Bolshevik workers’ leaders were arrested. Enraged, workers’ councils turned to the Bolsheviks, first in Petrograd and then seemingly everywhere.
On October 24, the Bolshevik Central Committee declared the time was right for an armed uprising. What followed was civil war, mass executions, forced collectivization, the rise of monstrous Stalin, and the rewriting of history to enforce a single narrative: the fall of the Tsar was led by the vanguard of the glorious Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
What happened to the voices of spring and summer? Silence.
But in the provinces, evidence has a way of enduring. Historians have long known that a historical commission was set up in the spring of 1917 to document the revolution which deposed the Tsar. That commission may have recorded firsthand accounts from the participants themselves, which would offer the best possible source of evidence regarding their designs, proposals and motivations. Did such testimonies survive the long Soviet winter? If so, where were they?
You are among the first to know.
Windows in Moscow
By 1992, the USSR had disintegrated.
In the heat and exhaust of a summer afternoon in central Moscow, a doctoral student at Stanford University named Semion Lyandres stood shoulder-to-shoulder with fellow historians in the cramped reading rooms of the Central State Archive. They had all come to open boxes that had been closed for generations by the enforcers of official narratives. Lyandres was checking the main lines of his research on early Bolshevik ties to German money. He was also keeping an eye out for any references to a historian named Mikhail Polievktov (1872-1942), whose name was associated with the historical commission set up in 1917.
Polievktov was a well-known historian of pre-revolutionary Russia. In sepia photographs he appears stubbled and mature, looking sternly away, thick hands stained by a permanent cigar. In 1913, he married Rusudana Nikoladze (1884-1981), the eldest child of Niko Nikoladze, a leading Georgian revolutionary, patriot and the practically minded former mayor of Poti on the western coast of Georgia. Rusudana had a fine nose and careful eyes. Broadly educated, she spoke five languages, traveled extensively in western Europe, and earned degrees in physics, education and both inorganic and organic chemistry.
In addition to being a reflective teacher (she had studied the methods of Maria Montessori), Rusudana was a gifted writer and meticulous record-keeper — a diarist, memoirist and correspondent of the first order. She was teaching chemistry at the Women’s Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg when she met Polievktov, who sometimes lectured there. He gave her pearls. They were on their honeymoon in Europe when Russia entered the Great War. Rusudana recorded their arduous and circuitous journey back to Russia in precise, extensive detail.
The Polievktovs moved into apartments near the magnificent Tauride Palace in Petrograd. They had one child, a son named Nikolai, in 1915. Two years later, Rusudana and her younger sister joined their friends as telephone operators in the offices of the Petrograd Soviet. Now it was the Provisional Government checking their papers every day instead of the Tsar’s police. They were helping the new revolutionary democracy. It was early spring.
With a new chapter in Russian history underway, Mikhail Polievktov and a fellow historian had the foresight to establish a Society for the Study of the Revolution (SSR), a historical commission dedicated to documenting the events and recording firsthand testimonies. Mikhail was in charge of the SSR’s Interview Commission and recruited Rusudana, her sister, and their friends and students to help record them. Multiple transcripts were made of oral testimonies and taken down in pencil to be later compiled into neat versions in ink. These were kept in Mikhail and Rusudana’s apartment along with official papers, certificates, passes and their voluminous family correspondence.
In 1992, Lyandres and his colleagues knew only that the historical commission had existed; the whereabouts of its documents were a mystery. He had a hunch that the interviews might be found in some official archive, but seven years of searching for them had proved fruitless.
Then Lyandres discovered his first solid clue: a document in the State Archive of the Russian Federation written by Boris Nicolaevsky, a leading moderate Menshevik (from men’shinstvo, “minority”), stating that Mikhail Polievktov had delivered a report to The Society of the House-Museum for Preserving the Memory of Freedom Fighters in fall 1917. The report included a list of all those who were interviewed and disclosed that the original transcripts had been sent to Georgia for safekeeping.
The hunt was on.
In an old tweed jacket and jeans, Lyandres has the virtues of an old-school historian: practical, patient, multilingual, intolerant of cant and imprecision. Born and raised in the Soviet Union, he speaks perfect Russian. Like Polievktov, he has thick hands that look like they can handle anything. When he talks, you think about forests, catastrophe, vodka and the truth.
After earning a doctorate in Russian and Eastern European history from Stanford, Lyandres taught history at East Carolina University for several years. His research had been focused on providing fresh looks at documentary evidence from 1917 and on the relationship between legal and political thinking in the Russian Provisional Government. Notre Dame hired him in 2001 as associate professor of history and co-director of the Russian and East European Studies program.
Around the same time, Georgia began to stabilize after a conflict with secessionist groups in its northwest. With his international connections as editor of the Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography, Lyandres searched for contacts in Tbilisi, asking everyone he knew whether there were reliable people in the Central Historical Archive of Georgia who could find the information he needed.
A recommendation produced a man who introduced himself on the phone as “Rezo.” Lyandres shrugs. “To this day, I have no clue who he is, maybe a state archivist.” He also had no idea where Rezo’s loyalties might lie or what Rezo might do with valuable historical evidence if he found it. Lyandres had to be careful. For $200, Rezo eventually answered a general query. Some of Polievktov’s scholarly papers indeed were in the historical archive. Nothing else; certainly no promising mention of the work of the 1917 historical commission.
Without being in Tbilisi, it was impossible to know whether Rezo was being fully forthcoming.
A few years later, Rezo told Lyandres that Rusudana had published a book of memoirs in 1975. What did it say? Rezo described the contents, unaware of what Lyandres was after. Lyandres heard for the first time that Rusudana had worked on the 1917 historical commission’s transcripts, and that they were still in the family’s possession in 1972. The trail was getting warm. Was Rusudana still alive? Rezo said she died in 1981. Any heirs? The Polievktov-Nikoladze residence was now in the hands of someone named Zinaida Leonidovna. Rezo had her phone number. Lyandres wrote it down, thanked his mysterious assistant and never heard from him again.
The problem now was how to reach Zinaida. Lyandres was reluctant to contact her because he had no idea how she would react to an unexpected inquiry by an American. He needed another proxy. “In early 2005, I was fairly certain that she had the transcripts, but she had to be approached cautiously.”
So Lyandres called a Russian colleague working at a historical institute in Moscow. “Let’s call him ‘Sergei,’” he says, adding only that he was a senior research fellow “with a superb nose” for documents. Lyandres approached him cautiously as well, saying he was interested in any documents that might be in Zinaida’s possession. Would Sergei telephone Zinaida on his behalf and inquire?
In her, the two historians faced a considerable figure. They had learned that Zinaida had married Rusudana’s only child, Nikolai Nikoladze. Like his mother, Nikolai had gone on to an illustrious career in the sciences, eventually working under Igor Kurchatov in the 1940s on the Soviet atomic bomb. Zinaida herself was a physicist and had been a student of Nikolai’s. He had died in 1989, leaving her in sole possession of the family apartment and all its papers. In response to Sergei’s inquiries, she faxed him a list of the interviews she had, along with their dates. Comparing this list to the one Polievktov gave to Boris Nicolaevsky in 1918, it became clear to Lyandres that Zinaida had the interviews he was looking for.
But Zinaida was no fool. For more than a year, she refused to let Sergei see anything or indicate whether she was willing to sell or reveal any offers she had had from others. All Sergei heard was, “I’m not ready,” or “Call me in a few months.” He eventually shouted at her in exasperation, “Send me a copy of just one page!” She retorted, “You can come see it yourself!” She also demanded an enormous sum of money. Then she hung up.
At the end of 2005, Sergei’s patience ran out in a stream of Russian expletives.
Zinaida had the interviews, but she wasn’t talking.
Surprise from a Friend
Family papers often emerge from the past in fragments to be sold off in pieces. Sometimes they shed light on historical events and sometimes their significance is decorative, confirming what we already know.
But sometimes the past can surprise us.
Early in 2006, Lyandres received a telephone call from a friend of his in Israel who grew up in Georgia, a biophysicist named Elya Fine. After catching up and heaving some mutual sighs about work, Lyandres related the story of his pursuit of some historical papers and a woman named Zinaida. Elya was interested. Whose papers were they?
The name “Polievktov” rang a bell. Elya had once heard a lecture by someone named Polievktov-Nikoladze, a Russian physicist with an unusual name that sounded ethnically Georgian. His lecture was so striking that Elya still remembered it. “I know him! I heard him lecture 30 years ago! He was different, important! This Zinaida must be his daughter — or wife?” He asked Lyandres to tell him more.
Polievktov-Nikoladze, Elya learned, was Nikolai, Zinaida’s husband.
Elya, a practical man, told Lyandres, “We need to find somebody to get to her as a local, and I can help.” Lyandres was skeptical, but Elya remembered some people who had also studied with Nikolai. “Let’s at least open this door and see what’s in there,” Elya insisted.
A month later, Elya recommended a man who also studied physics under Nikolai. The man agreed to meet Zinaida in the family apartments. He phoned her, and she invited him over. Lyandres had sent him a list of questions and instructions to examine, if possible, the coveted transcripts of the 1917 historical commission. Once inside, the man was able to see what he described as handwritten documents from 1917. He jotted down some details and sent them to Lyandres the next day by email.
Comparing the details with bits of information he had, Lyandres found the trail getting even warmer. “Will she talk to me?” he asked Elya’s contact. “Sure. She and I both went to Tbilisi University,” was the reply. “She trusts me.” During a second visit, the man asked Zinaida if an American friend of his could come and visit her as well.
There was silence. She would think it over.
The next day, she agreed.
How to Haggle at Notre Dame
Buying historical documents is delicate work, especially when the documents are halfway across the world in a region suffering the effects of war and infrastructural anarchy.
So Lyandres went to Louis Jordan, head of Special Collections at Notre Dame’s Hesburgh Libraries. “It was terra incognita,” Lyandres said. He asked Jordan where they could find sufficient funds. They worked on logistics right away. Lyandres tapped his own research account; Jordan worked with the library and Professor Jeff Kantor, then a vice president for research, who eventually helped the team secure the funding it required to make the purchase. But at the outset, Lyandres had much, much less.
And how could such funds ever be transferred from Notre Dame to a private citizen in post-Soviet Georgia where there was no reliable banking system?
Lyandres offers an understatement. “We had many, many meetings.”
One last logistical puzzle remained. Where would Lyandres get the funds to travel on such an unusual premise? Lyandres went to Notre Dame’s Nanovic Institute for European Studies, where director A. James McAdams instantly realized the importance of firsthand evidence of what happened in February 1917.
McAdams, himself a political historian, recalls the conversation. “It was a ‘can’t miss’ opportunity to become a major player in Russian revolutionary history. The evidence would allow us to see world-historical events from the perspective of the actors who made them. They couldn’t know what would come of their actions, but they were driven by the sense that they were on the verge of ushering in a new age. They were right.”
Says Lyandres: “In five minutes, I had all I needed.”
No one had any idea how large the return on this investment would be.
Meet me on Tabidze Street
On May 8, 2006, a Monday, Lyandres and Elya took separate flights to Tbilisi. Lyandres’ wife, Natasha, a Russian and East European Studies bibliographer at Notre Dame, was worried. “Georgia was not a safe place. I was very nervous, and he had to work secretly. What if he were stopped?” Her fear was hardly unreasonable.
In Lyandres’ jacket was a stack of traveler’s checks and a nonrefundable ticket. He took the midnight flight, the only flight to remote Tbilisi for a week.
Skirting the southern edge of the Caucasus, the plane touched down in Tbilisi at 4:30 a.m. There Lyandres met Elya, who had flown in from Tel Aviv. Citywide electrical outages were routine. In total darkness, they made their way to a rundown hotel near Zinaida’s apartment. The city was desolate. It was like that every day. “Even at 8 p.m., you felt like you were in the middle of the night in a field,” Lyandres says. Stray dogs roamed the streets.
They were in an old, formerly prestigious neighborhood called Sololaki. On Tabidze Street, forlorn and empty, Lyandres and Elya carefully picked their way to the Polievktov-Nikoladze residence. The apartment was on the top floor. Not knowing what to expect with Zinaida but with no time to lose, Lyandres and Elya went straight up to meet her.
Zinaida greeted them and led them at once into a dining room decorated with fading frescoes. She offered them tea and khachapuri (cheese bread). Next to the fireplace stood an old-fashioned space heater. On the walls were some early 20th century paintings. Doors led to adjacent rooms. Lyandres was nervous and exhausted.
After brief talk about Zinaida’s late husband and family, they went straight to business. About the commission transcripts, someone named “Rezo” had come years ago to demand that Zinaida transfer everything she had to the state archives. She refused. What else? “Many historians were after things,” a Russian named Sergei, for example. They never made it to her apartment. Why? Zinaida dismissed the question with rolled eyes and a wave.
Lyandres had been right to be careful.
Then she disappeared into an adjoining room. Lyandres looked around. The frescoes were almost certainly painted by a famous Russian artist named Sergey Sudeikin, who had designed sets for the Ballets Russes in the early 1900s and had worked on Nicholas Roerich’s designs for Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring. Whoever lived here moved in high artistic circles as well. Returning to the table, Zinaida produced a thick folder.
In it were the interviews from Polievktov’s commission in 1917.
How to Haggle in Georgian
Lyandres reviewed them coolly. After answering several questions, Zinaida took the two men into the adjoining room, Mikhail and Rusudana’s private study. What Lyandres saw staggered him. Every bookshelf was full. The floor was piled high with papers, manuscripts, books, scrapbooks and letters. An entire family archive, three generations of revolutionary, academic and political life, containing not only the firsthand testimonies from 1917 but the family’s extensive correspondence with prominent Russian and Georgian revolutionaries, was right there in front of him, perfectly intact.
Lyandres is still amazed. “It was remarkable. The same arrangement of furniture and belongings was there for generations.” In the middle of it, as if 1920 never stopped, sat Mikhail Polievktov’s own desk from Petrograd. Mikhail, Lyandres learned later, had sent Rusudana and little Nikolai to Georgia to escape the turmoil in Petrograd. He, and his furniture, eventually joined them, having secured permission from the People’s Commissariat for State Security to conduct a temporary “research trip.”
Wisely, the Polievktovs never lived in Russia again. Georgia lost its independence in 1921 and was dissolved into the Soviet Union. Elected professor of history at Tbilisi University, Mikhail Polievktov lived for the rest of his life in that top-floor apartment, writing and teaching about Georgia’s international affairs. Unlike many friends and former colleagues with whom he kept up correspondence, he escaped Stalin’s purges. Occasionally he had to fight off personal smears made by Soviet officials in the Georgian press, but by and large he lived an active and respected life as a historian.
Standing in that study, Lyandres knew what he had in the folder and what historical treasures might be contained in the bookshelves around him. Facing Zinaida, his stomach in knots, he began a conversational dance. “Talking to Zinaida, it was like we were from two different worlds, two different planets.”
Lyandres knew the transcripts were valuable. Zinaida set an initial price, but with significantly less than the amount in traveler’s checks, he wasn’t prepared. He made a much lower counteroffer. They argued, morning till night. Zinaida once became quite indignant. “If David Beckham could sell one autograph for two million,” she told him, “aren’t these documents by great minds worth a measly twenty-five thousand?”
“We went back and forth like that the whole damn day!” Lyandres says. “She was absolutely stubborn.”
As the evening turned into night, Lyandres finally pushed back his chair and rose with a sigh. “I have to give the University an answer,” he said. Time was of the essence. It had been a frustrating conversation, and, he figured, probably the first of several marathons.
But Zinaida appeared disconcerted by his farewell.
She accepted his offer.
Looking at the vast collection behind her that represented three generations’ worth of materials from a time that changed the course of Russian and world history, Lyandres promised her that he would talk to the library at Notre Dame, nearly 6,000 miles away, about additional acquisitions and more money. In return, over the course of the week, she allowed him to examine and copy many documents.
What had caused her sudden reversal? Lyandres thought it obvious. “She wasn’t sure I would come back.”
The 1917 historical commission transcripts safe in his hotel, Lyandres visited the state archives where Rezo had (and may still have) worked. Conditions were appalling, even worse than those in Moscow: “It was the same devastation, the lack of state support, terrible conditions for those who worked there let alone for visiting historians. There was hardly any hardwood floors left in the hallways. The wood had been chiseled away and used for heating and cooking.” He shuddered to think what would have been the fate of the Polievktov interviews. Even if they had survived, access would have been difficult: “The archives were only open four hours a day. It was impossible.”
So Lyandres left Tbilisi with the interviews in his carry-on bag.
How did he get it past customs? “[I] just put it in the machine,” he marvels, as if they were a bag of socks. If any questions came, he had prepared answers. But none came. “I was very green,” he admits. “There was a huge risk in losing such a valuable archive. Of course I made copies beforehand, and I scanned some. I also made copies for Elya, who later sent them back. We took different flights, to see who could make it through.”
What would the Georgian government say?
Lyandres puts on his black sunglasses. “What could they say? This was a private family archive and a perfectly legal transaction. Besides,” he says with a smile, “I have no immediate plans to travel to Georgia.”
From Tbilisi to Notre Dame
When his plane touched down in South Bend, Lyandres let out a sigh. “I called my wife and said, ‘That’s it. I can have a drink.’”
But the process was not over, not by a long shot. What Lyandres had found in the apartment was far larger than a folder of interviews. These interviews were indeed precious. They also included a firsthand account of the arrest of the Tsarina by Captain Nicholas Krasnov and a long interview with Alexander Kerensky, then minister of justice in the Provisional Government, which is now his most expansive testimony of the February Revolution.
But there was far more in the study, as Zinaida well knew. The archive contained unpublished manuscripts, genealogical and organizational charts, dozens of diaries, scrapbooks containing postcards from revolutionaries exiled to Siberia, police mug shots, official passes, questionnaires, certificates, rare first editions, hundreds of photographs, and extensive correspondence between members of the Polievktov and Nikoladze families and prominent Russian and Georgian public figures, many of whom were later executed by Stalin’s secret police. “Would you be interested in something about Tsereteli?” Zinaida asked Lyandres at one point, knowing the answer would be yes.
Raised by two of Rusudana’s aunts in western Georgia, Irakli Tsereteli (1881-1959) studied law at Moscow University but was arrested for leading student demonstrations against the Tsar. Sent to forced labor in Siberia, he returned to Russia during the 1905 Revolution and was elected to the second Duma. Arrested again for high treason, he was sent again to Siberia with fellow agitators. Who corresponded with him and visited him regularly while he was in prison? His cousin, Rusudana Nikoladze. She preserved his letters and notes written on cigarette papers in her personal scrapbooks. Moreover, she served as a courier between Tsereteli, his colleagues and their defense attorney in Petrograd. With affection, Tsereteli sends her “passionate kisses” and calls her “the Talleyrand of conspiracy!” All this is preserved in loving detail.
Alyssa Gillespie, associate professor of Russian Language and Literature at Notre Dame, is visibly moved by the collection. “The materiality of the items speaks volumes. The sloping handwriting in brown ink in a letter from a young man to a worried, doting aunt; the pages upon pages of tiny writing tied with a ribbon. . . . The archive not only restores the particularity of a culture, a family and certain individual souls in that family to life, but it also serves as a spiritual stimulus, awakening us to the compromises we have made in our present moment, in which everything is ephemeral, discardable, recyclable.
“That we at Notre Dame now have access to this astounding collection which brings the past so vibrantly alive,” Gillespie adds, “is both improbable and fabulous.”
And significant, scholars add, to the writing of history. Released from prison in 1917, Tsereteli went on to become a central figure in the February Revolution. An effective orator, he constantly advocated cooperation between the soviet workers’ councils and the Provisional Government. The archive shows that the Petrograd Soviet, for example, accepted his revisions to their official declarations in toto. He eventually served in the Provisional Government as Minister of the Interior and left Petrograd for Georgia mere days before the Bolshevik putsch. Careful in more ways than one, Rusudana kept his official pass to a state conference that summer but erased his name. Active in Georgian politics before it fell to the USSR, Tsereteli spent the rest of his life in exile in Paris and New York, where he died.
The figure of Rusudana Nikoladze is perhaps the most fascinating discovery of all. From a prominent family deeply engaged in public affairs, she emerges as its most fully rounded character. Both a participant in and observer of public affairs (she kept two parallel diaries, one “personal,” one “political”), Rusudana found her role as a chronicler easy and natural. Her father, Niko Nikoladze, the mayor, would write letters to her sister, Tamara, when Tamara was just 16; he would ask her no questions and give no paternal advice but rather brief her on what he was about to say to the governor during a workers’ strike. She and Rusudana knew from an early age that theirs was a public family.
The sisters were not provincial, either. A prolific writer and international traveler, their father had met and corresponded with the likes of Léon Gambetta and Léon Blum (prime ministers of France) and Karl Marx (a personal friend). Niko was the first Georgian to earn a doctorate at a European university. Rusudana, his eldest daughter, was probably his intellectual equal, and her husband Mikhail’s as well. In her, and any, generation, she was remarkable.
Her personal diaries are distillations of the family’s public and private lives as politicians, historians, mathematicians and scientists. “And she was an incredible writer!” exclaims Natasha Lyandres, who has been combing through the diaries that span 30 years of modern Russian history. “To think, she was almost 100 years old when she died, active until the end.”
Convinced of the broad nature and implications of what he had seen only in part, Lyandres returned to Notre Dame and librarian Louis Jordan. The two again met with ND’s research vice president, Jeff Kantor, who was enthusiastic. In July of 2006, with full funding available, Lyandres started calling Zinaida, ready to negotiate for the rest of the collection.
But there was no answer. He tried to reach her all summer and felt the opportunity slipping away. Finally, in September, Zinaida answered. She had been sick. Negotiations began. The archive was acquired in installments. The first few were made without incident, but in August 2008, before all the papers had been delivered, Georgia was again at war and in turmoil. At one point, Russian tanks were within 30 miles of Zinaida’s apartment. “We all held our breath,” says Jordan. Fifteen months later, after long silences, the final installment arrived.
Lyandres remembers the fragility of the process. “It was very difficult. Sometimes Zinaida was in poor health, and she wanted to bring everything herself. We had to have alternatives, so we looked for alumni who would be able to help with transportation.”
In the end, Zinaida insisted on paying her own way and brought the collection to the Hesburgh Library bit by bit. Jim McAdams of the Nanovic Institute was particularly struck by the appearance of Zinaida behind a desk in the library. With a box to her left and a stack of folders to her right, she examined each piece in detail. “Her memory was phenomenal,” says Natasha.
Zinaida came three times, each time with suitcases carefully stuffed with papers and books. On a separate occasion, her daughter and son-in-law arrived with multiple suitcases containing more than Zinaida had carried on her previous three trips. The staff in Special Collections shook their heads in wonder: five thousand, eight thousand, ten thousand items and counting, all in plastic bags packed in ordinary luggage. The scale of the transfer was astonishing.
During her last visit, Zinaida said there was nothing left in the family apartment. That was it.
Her exact whereabouts are unknown.
History in Hand
Estimated at 100,000 leaves of paper, equal to 12 linear feet of materials, the Polievktov-Nikoladze Family Papers archive is by far the largest and most significant collection in modern European history at Notre Dame. And it is one of the most important and extensive private collection of papers on modern Russia in the United States. Louis Jordan can barely contain his delight with the find. “It is unprecedented to come across such a complete and extensive family archive whose members included so many prominent public figures, writers, politicians, scientists and artists. It is quite obvious that the Polievktov-Nikoladze Family Papers are of immense scholarly significance. Moreover, they have never been available to researchers. No archival repository in the United States holds a comparable collection in terms of its scope, chronological and thematic consistency.”
McAdams has been hosting visiting scholars from Europe since 2002. He is thrilled that “serious scholars of the period will now have to visit Notre Dame if they want to write about the revolution authoritatively.”
Such research and achievement is in its first stages. Lyandres has a book forthcoming from Oxford University Press on the subject, The Fall of Tsarism: Untold Stories of the February 1917 Revolution, due out in February. Oxford professor of Russian history Robert Service, who is digesting its implications, writes that Lyandres “has found important new sources and shows how they can be used to re-interpret the behavior of leading figures . . . [it is] an outstanding contribution to early twentieth-century Russian history.”
Lyandres doesn’t like the spotlight. He took the first crack at the historical commission’s interviews, but knows soberly and well how much there is yet to do with the entire collection. All the documents, which are so many and so various, need to be catalogued, described and digitized. It’s an enormous project that will take years. The goal is eventually to put it all online, but “to do it right,” says Lyandres. In the meantime, he would like to publicize the existence of the collection to as many scholarly groups as possible.
Another, more immediate priority exists, says Lyandres: to recruit graduate students at Notre Dame to work on the archive itself. This would be a major boost to their careers in modern European history at a time when jobs in the humanities are scarce. The Nanovic Institute has begun to support graduate research in this area. One of its Tobin Fellows, Maria Rogacheva, is writing a dissertation on Soviet scientist communities to which no historian has ever had access.
Notre Dame students and visitors were able to see highlights of the collection through an autumn semester exhibit at the Hesburgh Library. Designed by Notre Dame bibliographer Natasha Lyandres, with the assistance of the staff in Special Collections, the exhibit contained examples of Polievktov’s interviews, Tsereteli’s prison papers, Rusudana’s diaries and much more.
Lyandres surveys the implications of his find with satisfaction. “It’s a real coup. From nothing, our visibility changes overnight. We become a major player in Russian history.”
He and his graduate students in history now have ambitions to turn Notre Dame into the major North American repository of primary sources dealing with new Europe, more specifically, in the post-Soviet space.
Lyandres looks out the door and hoists his satchel confidently. “We have a preliminary agreement with some Ukrainians.”
A.P. Monta is the associate director of the Nanovic Institute for European Studies at Notre Dame. The “From St. Petersburg to Notre Dame: The Miraculous Journey of the Polievktov-Nikoladze Family Papers through a Century of War and Revolution” exhibition was on display in the Hesburgh Library during the autumn semester. Visit the digital exhibit at polievktov.library.nd.edu.


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Graded stakes-winning son of Midnight Lute going to Rising Sun Farm
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Some stakes will have new names and larger purses at Belmont Park this year as the New York Racing Association plans several big days of racing at the spring/summer meet.
Synthetic specialist Summer Hit controlled the pace as the 4-5 favorite and drew off in the stretch for a one-sided victory in the $100,000 Berkeley Handicap (gr. III) Nov. 29 on the Tapeta surface at Golden Gate Fields.
Teaks North, a grade I winner on turf and a stakes winner on dirt, will try a synthetic surface for the first time in his 30-race career when he starts in the $100,000 Berkeley Handicap (gr. III) at Golden Gate on Nov. 29.
Joe and Helen Barbazon announced the arrival of four additional stallions at their newly formed Pleasant Acres Stallions near Morriston, Fl., along with the 2014 stud fees for the roster, which now numbers six.
Thirteen opponents await Slim Shadey in the $150,000 John Henry Turf Championship (gr. IIT) as the British-bred 5-year-old attempts to defend his title Sept. 29 at Santa Anita Park.
Beau Choix (by Elusive Quality) is out of multiple graded stakes winner Belle Cherie, by Belong to Me, who also has produced stakes winner Last Best Place.
Boisterous may have won the Man o' War Stakes (gr. IT) last time out at Belmont Park, but he isn't scaring away competition from the Aug. 17 Sword Dancer Invitational Handicap (gr. IT) at Saratoga Race Course.
Fasig-Tipton's new horses of all ages sale that is utilizing new technology in the way horses are cataloged and information is disseminated is gaining momentum. A dozen horses have been added recently for the July 15 event.
Ken and Sarah Ramsey's runner burst through on the rail in the $500,000 United Nations Stakes (gr. IT) at Monmouth Park July 6, qualifying for the Breeders' Cup Turf (gr. IT). The 2012 BC Turf winner Little Mike was fourth.
After capturing three grade I victories on the turf last year, capped by a win in the Breeders' Cup Turf (gr. I) at Santa Anita Park, Little Mike will make his first U.S. start of the 2013 season in the United Nations Stakes.
St. George Farm Racing's homebred and dual graded stakes winner Mr. Commons will attempt to overcome the rail post and snap an eight-race losing streak when he faces at least eight others in the June 7 Jaipur Stakes.
Favored Za Approval took advantage of a hot pace to rally for his first career stakes victory in the $100,000 Appleton (gr. III) March 30 at Gulfstream Park.
Silver Max, who captured six consecutive races on turf last year, makes his 4-year-old debut March 30 in the $100,000 Appleton Stakes (gr. IIIT) at Gulfstream Park.
Four runners from the Feb. 16 Mac Diarmida Stakes, headed by Resolute Group Stables' second-place finisher Teaks North, are among 10 entered to contest the $150,000 Pan American Stakes (gr. IIT) March 23 at Gulfstream Park.
Amira's Prince remained a perfect three-for-three in the U.S. Feb. 16, collecting his first graded-stakes win in the $150,000 Mac Diarmida (gr. IIT) at Gulfstream Park.
Newsdad, Ioya Bigtime, and Twilight Eclipse will shake it up Feb. 16 in the $150,000 Mac Diarmida Stakes (gr. II) at Gulfstream Park, while Starformer and Closing Range tangle in the $100,000 Very One (gr. III).
Grade I winners, at ages 8 and 9, respectively, face talented field at Gulfstream.
Teaks North secured his first victory since 2011 when the two-time grade I winner opened a clear lead in the stretch on his way to a 2 1/2-length victory in the $150,000 Sunshine Millions Turf Stakes Jan. 19 at Gulfstream.
Longtime Richard Dutrow Jr. assistant Michelle Nevin could officially saddle a horse for the first time Jan. 19 in the Florida Sunshine Millions Turf at Gulfstream Park.
After failing to find his best stride last year, two-time grade I winner Teaks North will look to turn things around when the Northern Afleet gelding opens his 6-year-old season in the $150,000 Florida Sunshine Millions Turf.
|Horse||Trainer||Breeder / Owner|
|Admiral Alex||Leon J. Blusiewicz||
|Beau Choix||Barclay Tagg||
|Center Divider||Brendan P. Walsh||
|Citrus Kid||John P. Terranova, II||
|Fantastico Roberto (IRE)||Todd A. Pletcher||
|Krypton||Kiaran P. McLaughlin||
|Lethal Combination||Kiaran P. McLaughlin||
|Prince Will I Am||Michelle Nihei||
|Teaks North||Eric J. Guillot||
|Turf Melody||H. Graham Motion||
More Race Results
- At this Track
Upcoming Stakes Entries
|Bashford Manor S. (G3)||CD|
|Kelly's Landing Overnight S.||CD|

domain: news


vgr ?? maybe egr?? depends on year - early vacuum operated egr valves around $75. Later electric egr valves . . considerably more.
The Saturn EGR valve is attached to the head, directly above the transmission bell housing.
egr valve may be clogged or bent. where do i find the egr valve on my 93 Saturn sc2?
on the right hand side back of engine
The positive wire going to the EGR could be touching ground.
A bad EGR valve in a 2000 Saturn can have several symptoms. The EGR valve can cause misfires, the valve can cause vacuum leak style problems. There could also be an engine knock.
It should. Look at the EGR valve; it's on the drivers side of the head. If the EGR valve is the same, everything else should be easy to exchange.
Remove EGR. Start car. This will blow out any carbon in the chambers. Also clean the EGR.
You clean or replace it.
It does not have egr
it flows exhaust to the EGR value
replace the egr valve the one you have is not good
Looking down on the engine, the EGR valve is to the right of the rocker cover, connected to the head.
were is the egr value on 1996 z28
CAN??? Yes, certainly. But there will be significant additional costs since the head and EGR system are different.
It is just to the right attached to the head.
All sensors, air pump, and EGR
Under the air box on the back of the intake manifold
Egr insufficient flow. Most likely the EGR vavle has become excessively carboned and is stuck closed or is not letting enough air by
The EGR valve is located on the drivers side of the head, just above the transmission bell housing. Remove the electrical and vacuum connections, then remove the two bolts that hold the EGR valve to the head. Use a NEW gasket when replacing the EGR valve.
Trouble code P0405 means: EGR Position Sensor Circuit Low Input
On the back of the head, just above the transmission bell housing,
EGR valve is located between the head and battery. Its a cylindrical shaped part with a connecter going to the top of it. Its held on with 2 13mm bolts.


text:
The centenary of Leith and other areas being merged into Edinburgh is set to be celebrated with a fund of up to £100,000.
The council is planning a series of events to mark 100 years since the passage of the Edinburgh Boundaries Extention and Tramways Act 1920.
The legislation greatly expanded the city boundaries and formally incorporated Leith, Corstorphine, Colinton, Cramond and Liberton into the capital city.
However the change went ahead despite a vote in which Leith residents rejected the merger by 26,810 to 4,340.
Should the centenary of Edinburgh and Leith merging be celebrated?
0+ VOTES SO FAR
A council report says: "The centennial gives the city an opportunity to celebrate the separate but interdependent identities and histories of these areas in a community affirming and engaging way.
"The core aims of the project therefore will be to celebrate the anniversary within the communities that came into the city in 1920."
A series of events and resources are being planned to show people what life in Edinburgh was like in 1920.
The Act saw Edinburgh's boundaries expand from 17 square miles to 53 square miles.
There will be physical and online exhibitions and several events taking place in 2020.
Up to £100,00 has been set aside for the project. The report adds: "By the end of the programme, each area should have a resource that promotes their identity and their community’s ongoing history.
"Ideally each area should also feel that they can and should contribute to the city’s cultural assets and know how to do so."

domain: geography


Saturday, July 12, 2014 | 6 p.m.
The Kats Report Bureau has been an uncommonly mobile unit today, starting with Rehab Pool at the Hard Rock Hotel and winding up at the Cosmopolitan.
Rehab was a celebratory experience, as I’m helping judge the Ultimate Bikini Contest. This is a charity event, evidently, as some of the ticket sales will be spent on sufficient clothing for some of these ladies.
I joke, of course. But wow, one girl walked onstage with an outfit that looks like what happens when you drape a shoestring around your neck. Not a complaint; merely an observation.
The day was capped by a marriage proposal right there on our stage. Joining Mark Shunock of “Rock of Ages” and me on the judging panel over the summerlong competition has been Brittany Kosmala, founder of Las Vegas swimwear company Bellina Rebelle. Just as we took our seats for the second round of judging, her boyfriend of 2 1/2 years, James Hoch, surfaced from the great beyond of the pool party and took a knee.
James produced a diamond roughly the size of a molar and asked Bellina for her hand in marriage. She said yes, and the partying in and around the pool intensified.
The contest continues next month, and the finals are in September. The champion receives a check for $25,000. But already, here on July 12, 2014, we have a winner. Congrats to these kids. It was something else.
• The most definitive evidence yet that “Vegas Nocturne” is leaving has spilled out of the show over the past several days. Tonight is to be the final performance, which is why we are at the Cosmo now. The Impresario, Ross Mollison, who is founder of show producer Spiegelworld, is on the property. I’m told that there will be something of a post-show event involving the cast. I’ve said it before: Mollison doesn’t readily give up on his vision for productions or for anything else.
There is a post-mortem to be written about the struggles of “V.N.” at the Cosmopolitan, but the feeling at this moment for those of us who enjoy supreme talent and live entertainment is one of distress. I’m reminded mostly of the closing of “Avenue Q” and “Monty Python’s Spamalot” several years ago. They were a pair of sharp, witty and expertly performed productions that also were expensive and played to niche audiences. “Vegas Nocturne” is as talented a show on the Strip. All we know is the cast has been told that (well, sort of) by Mollison, and there is vague talk of a new venue. More later, but with apologies to Sean & John, we’re not yet ready to play “Taps.”
• Wendy Williams played to a full house Friday night to open the Lipshtick all-women comedy series at Sands Showroom in the Venetian. At one moment in the show, she gulped from a glass of champagne and, as she was about to deliver a joke, belched.
The crowd erupted. They loved it. This was a rare moment on the Strip where a showroom headliner is, literally, cheered for whatever comes out of her mouth. Williams herself asserted that she is not a standup comic, and the appearance at the Venetian was to cross off an entry on her bucket list. It’d be fascinating to see her spend some real time on a standup career. She is a formidable, confident and often genuinely inspired comedienne. But her delivery also was frequently raw, as she continually got lost in the middle of stories and glanced down at the digital clock on the lip of the stage that informed her how much time she had left. “Oh! I got 20 minutes!” she said and later counted again at the 8-minute mark.
Williams did perform an expertly executed dismantling of an audience member who insisted on cutting into her story about caring for her elderly grandmother. When the woman shouted about caring for her own 93-year-old mother every day, Williams sashayed to the edge of the stage and said (and I am paraphrasing here) it is great that you care for your mother, and it’s obvious that you don’t get out much and you decided to get drunk and come to the Venetian to watch me perform. Now, not paraphrasing, “Now shut up and stop interrupting me! This is a one-off, and I need to get all my jokes in!”
I’ve seen veteran comics falter when dealing with hecklers, but not Williams. As she finished her set, at the moment she thanked her crowd, the clock at her feet read 2:45. I’d like to see her again and filling out that last three minutes. We’ll even supply the champagne.
• On the topic of Lipshtick, Kelly Clinton-Holmes is performing in the series this weekend. She’s going to serve as host, in a similar fashion to how she introduced Whitney Cummings for the series’ announcement at the Sands Showroom in May. In a traditional three-comic, club lineup, Clinton-Holmes will navigate the intros of Heather McDonald (a frequent panelist on “Chelsea Lately”) with Iliza Schlesinger (Season 6 champion of “Last Comic Standing”). Kelly’s husband, Clint, appeared at the Hollywood Bowl on Wednesday (and look for my upcoming piece about his wonderful performance) and recorded at Capitol Records on Thursday.
What’s it mean? The Clintons are hot! Hot, I tell you!


text:
FLICKR, JIN KEMOOLERecent research has demonstrated that many bird species have high-order cognitive processing abilities comparable to primates. Sure enough, in a new study, when researchers asked pigeons and humans to switch between two activities as quickly as possible, they found that the birds performed just as well as, and sometimes even better than, the people. The scientists say the results emphasize that the brain region once thought to be required for such capabilities in humans may not be necessary.
“For a long time, scientists used to believe the mammalian cerebral cortex to be the anatomical cause of cognitive ability,” coauthor Sara Letzner of Ruhr-Universität Bochum says in a press release. But birds have no cortex. “That means the structure of the mammalian cortex cannot be decisive for complex cognitive functions such as multitasking.”
Instead, pigeons have a brain region known as the pallium, which, while it doesn’t...
In this study, published this week (September 25) in Current Biology, the researchers asked both birds and humans to switch the nature of the task they were performing. For humans, this involved pushing buttons when they saw certain patterns on a screen. Pigeons were trained to peck at particular buttons based on light signals.
When the signal to commence the second task came at the same time as the signal to stop the first task, both bird and human participants were able to switch with about the same speed. But when there was a short, 300-millisecond delay between the signal to stop the first task and the signal to start the second, the birds performed better than the human volunteers, with response times about 200 ms faster.

domain: biology


text:
3 MEN AND A BABY... GRAND! and More Set for Kravis Center's 'Adults at Leisure' Series
Presented in Dreyfoos Hall, this affordable series offers convenient show times, captivating entertainers and options ranging from sultry soloists to Broadway highlights.
All performances are at 11 am and 2 pm, which makes for a wonderful daytime theater experience, offering something for everyone, whether they are well versed in Gershwin or love reminiscing about the Rat Pack.
The six-show package is $99, a savings of $75 off individual ticket prices. Beginning November 13, individual tickets will be available at $29 each.
December 15 at 11 am & 2 pm (Tuesday) 3 Men and a Baby... Grand! Salute the Rat Pack (Adults at Leisure Series)
A tribute of tight harmonies was born when Broadway star Brian Lane Green, cabaret artist Lee Lessack and pianist John Boswell joined voices in 3 Men and a Baby ... Grand! Salute the Rat Pack. The show, which hails the hits of Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Jr., features the talented trio at the top of their game. Tony Award nominee Green, last seen on Broadway in The Life, has appeared on All My Children and other soap operas; Lessack is the founder of LML Music; and Boswell has served as musical director for Andy Williams, Judy Collins and Bob Newhart. Alexander W. Dreyfoos, Jr. Concert Hall Tickets: $99 for the six show package; starting November 13, individual tickets are $29 each
January 3 at 11 am & 2 pm (Sunday) The Fabulous Equinox Orchestra (Adults at Leisure Series)
Band leader Jeremy Davis and vocalist Clay Johnson, lifelong friends from the Louisiana Delta, bring high-energy heat with their simmering 17-piece big band. Selections range from the Rat Pack, Michael Bublé and Andy Williams to Ray Charles, Elvis and Johnny Cash. Davis, who swoons on the tenor sax, and Johnson, who was raised in a family of gospel singers, are based in Savannah, Ga., and serve up plenty of sophisticated Southern charm on stage. Audiences are delighted not only by their original arrangements and phenomenal musicianship but also by their rich friendship and repartee. Alexander W. Dreyfoos, Jr. Concert Hall Tickets: $29
January 25 at 11 am & 2 pm (Monday) Rhapsody & Rhythm: The Gershwin Concert Experience (Adults at Leisure Series)
From Rhapsody in Blue to I Got Rhythm, this multimedia concert celebrates the collaborative genius of brothers George and Ira Gershwin through family stories and rare home videos and photos. The symphonic tribute features sensational soloists who'll delight with Strike Up the Band, Someone to Watch Over Me, Embraceable You, The Man I Love and many more favorites. This 'S Wonderful collection of the Gershwins' timeless tunes is not to be missed. Alexander W. Dreyfoos, Jr. Concert Hall Tickets: $29
February 23 at 11 am & 2 pm (Tuesday) Neil Berg's 107 Years of Broadway (Adults at Leisure Series)
Broadway's top talent pays tribute to the best of the Great White Way in this riveting revue by award-winning composer and lyricist Neil Berg. The all-new show, which returns to the Kravis Center after two seasons, features five Broadway stars from powerhouse productions such as Jersey Boys, Wicked and Mamma Mia! performing classics from composers that include Rodgers and Hammerstein, Cole Porter, Stephen Sondheim, Andrew Lloyd Webber and many more. Berg, best known for Off Broadway's The Prince and the Pauper, backs the vivacious vocalists in 107 Years of Broadway with a world-class, New York-based band. Alexander W. Dreyfoos, Jr. Concert Hall Tickets: $29
March 7 at 11 am & 2 pm (Monday) Flipside: The Patti Page Story (Adults at Leisure Series)
Tune in to classic hits in Flipside: The Patti Page Story, set in a 1965 Oklahoma radio station and featuring favorites such as Tennessee Waltz, (How Much is That) Doggie in the Window, Mockingbird Hill, Detour and Allegheny Moon. The memory-lane musical, which has won National Kennedy Center Festival acclaim, follows the rise of 1950s singing sensation Patti Page, who at one point was the top-selling artist of her time. Page's real name was Clara Ann Fowler, and her story is told through revealing flashbacks, costumes from poodle skirts to ball gowns, and more than 20 live-music numbers. Alexander W. Dreyfoos, Jr. Concert Hall Tickets: $29
April 5 at 11 am & 2 pm (Tuesday) Avery Sommers: I Love Being Here With You (Adults at Leisure Series)
Broadway veteran and cabaret singer Avery Sommers returns to the Kravis Center -- she performed here in Chicago nearly 20 years ago -- with smooth selections such as I Love Being Here with You, Feeling Good, Without a Song and Just One of Those Things. She wowed the Great White Way in Ain't Misbehavin' and Showboat and has appeared on Miami Vice and Bruce Reynolds' series B.L. Stryker. Audiences will revel in the rich alto of this hometown favorite, who won a best-actress Carbonell Award for her 1994 one-woman show But Not for Me. Alexander W. Dreyfoos, Jr. Concert Hall. Tickets: $29.
How to Get Tickets: The six-show package for the Adults at Leisure Series is $99, a savings of $75 off individual ticket prices, is now available for purchase. Visit Kravis.org/AdultsatLeisure or call the Kravis Center box office to purchase the six-show package today.
Beginning November 13, individual tickets will go on sale for $29 each, and can be purchased at the Kravis Center's box office, 701 Okeechobee Blvd. in downtown West Palm Beach; online through the Kravis Center's official website at kravis.org; or by phone at 561-832-7469 or 800-572-8471. For Group Sales, please call 561-651-4438 or 561-651-4304.
The Raymond F. Kravis Center for the Performing Arts is a not-for-profit performing arts center whose mission is to enhance the quality of life in Palm Beach County by presenting a diverse schedule of national and international artists and companies of the highest quality; by offering comprehensive arts education programs; by providing a Palm Beach County home in which local and regional arts organizations can showcase their work; and by providing an economic catalyst and community leadership in West Palm Beach, supporting efforts to increase travel and tourism to Palm Beach County. The Kravis Center is located at 701 Okeechobee Blvd. in West Palm Beach, FL. For more information, call 561-832-7469 or visit the official website at kravis.org.

domain: entertainment


text:
June/July Shutdown - Letter to Leader of the Opposition, David Crisafulli MP
2 July 2021
Mr David Crisafulli MP
Leader of the Liberal National Party and Member for Broadwater
Unit 20/340 Hope Island Road
Hope Island QLD 4212
Re: June/July Shutdwn
Dear Mr Crisafulli,
First of all, thank you for joining us for lunch last week in Surfers Paradise. Our Chamber feels it was a very constructive and informative event.
We are writing today to express our concerns over the latest lockdowns, both locally and in other parts of Queensland.
As a Chamber, we have continually pushed for clear, concise, and consistent guidance as to what actions businesses and individual need to take to comply with restrictions imposed throughout the COVID-19 crisis. This latest lockdown is an example of what we had hoped Queensland could have avoided.
In relation to vaccinations, the advice the community has been given by Government is contradictory. The roll-out of the vaccinations has simply been too slow. But now is not the time for finger pointing and politicking. The priority at this stage for all Governments should be to complete the vaccination process as quickly as possible. No expense should be spared.
For all residents, the rules about wearing masks outside of the home have changed this time around, compared to the last time masks were required. The rule changes have not been communicated clearly.
Similarly, the guidelines as to what the Queensland Government considered to be "essential business" seems to have disappeared from the Queensland Government websites. There has been significant confusion over which businesses are allowed to open and which businesses must be closed. The Chamber has received numerous phone calls asking for information because business managers cannot find the information.
All of these situations could have been provided if clear, concise and consistent guidance has not been provided before a lockdown occurred.
We acknowledge that shutdowns allow contract tracers time to do their job and supresses the potential spread of the COVID-19 virus. Lockdowns are one of the key management tools used to keep Queenslanders safe.
However, the more information business owners and the community can have before a lockdown occurs,
the easier it is for businesses to mitigate the disruption to their business and the community, but more importantly help stop the fear, panic and risk of spread. Businesses would have time to calmly set up alternate supply chain arrangements; set up home offices for their staff; and make sure they have systems in place to deal with these important measures in managing COVID-19.
As you know, our tourism, hospitality and events industries have been hit hard throughout the crisis and his latest lockdown has added to the pain business owners and their employees are suffering. Destination Gold Coast has provided details of the depth of cancellations attributed to this latest lockdown across the city. These include:
Even if the lockdown ends on Friday, it is predicted the return of interstate travellers for the last week of school holidays will be minimal.
Occupancy for accommodation leading up to lockdown was sitting around 70-80% and now it sets between 20-30%.
The local economy has been significantly hurt because of the Gold Coast marathon being cancelled. This event traditionally contributes around $25 million to our local economy.
We would welcome the opportunity to discuss these issues with you and to see the progression of a more structured and consistent approach to the issues of lockdowns, including developing clear guidance on how many cases require a lockdown.
More importantly, we want the Government to take action now on speeding up the vaccination roll-out.
We also understand that CCIQ has already communicated a proposal to all QLD MPs to provide help to Queensland businesses. You should already have this proposal. I urge you to seriously consider this proposal and raise it in the corridors of power in Brisbane.
We would welcome your support of all these issues on the behalf of the Gold Coast Central Chamber of Commerce, the Queensland business community and all the residents of Queensland.
Gold Coast Central Chamber of Commerce

domain: politics


text:
Finding low cost homeowners insurance quotes for Eldridge, does not have to be difficult. Our website is designed to help consumers like you to compare multiple providers. Enter your Zip Code in the form above and get a quick look at the top-recommended options for your area.
Home Insurance Quotes That Will Give You Excellent RatesVery few people that get Eldridge homeowners insurance actually end up finding the best rates available. They will typically go with what their current insurance provider has for them, usually bundling that in order to get a discount. However, you can find several different Missouri companies that will charge far less than what your existing insurance policy actually offers. In fact, they may even give you more coverage for less money, but you have to obtain home insurance quotes on the web that can lead you to these exceptional deals.
How Do You Get These Quotes?
You can obtain these quotes very quickly by going on the Internet and submitting your information to several businesses through forms that are provided. It may take you a few hours to submit them all, but you will end up with a multitude of different quotes from the companies that they directly work with. Some of them will be major carriers, whereas others may not be companies that you have ever heard of before. You can verify the authenticity of these businesses if you would like to, the more times than not, the business that is allowing you to submit your personal information will have already done that research.
How Much Can You Save?
Long Will It Take To Go Into Effect?
The speed at which the policy will go into effect is usually quite fast. If you are coming up on your next payment with your current insurance provider, it will likely start on the same day so that you do not lose any coverage. Also remember that discounts can also be achieved by paying your premiums annually instead of making monthly payments. These are just a few other things to consider if you are looking for a way to save money on your Eldridge, Missouri homeowner insurance policy.This type of insurance is absolutely essential for people that own homes, and similar insurance is necessary when you have rentals. Just make sure that you are getting the best deal possible, something that can only be determined by getting multiple quotes from different insurance providers. It will actually be very worth your while to spend this extra time, and you are not necessarily betraying the trust of your current insurance provider because you will likely keep all of your other policies. It’s just nice to know that you have options, ones that will help you save money on the insurance that protects your home.
More Missouri Cities Nearby:
Possessing home owner's insurance policy is definitely a sensible notion. Catastrophes frequently take place unexpectedly and can result in huge costs, and perhaps the loss of your house. Possessing house owner's insurance policy will help you go over the cost of every little thing from a burst pipe, to fireplace hurt. home owner's insurance will help you to fix or rebuild your house swiftly.
home who pay off their mortgages quicker will see considerably less pricey insurance policies quicker. Insurance policy firms feel that if you own your house outright or have a better stake in it truly is equity, you will be more very likely to get very good treatment of it and keep it's value higher. Attempt to boost the quantity you spend every month to spend it off sooner.
When searching for home insurance coverage, saving cash is crucial. Having units these kinds of as smoke alarms, carbon monoxide detectors, and monitored home stability alarms in place can provide great reductions. Remember to go over these (and other) security units with your agent when negotiating your following home owners insurance policy policy.
Putting an addition onto your home will improve your home
You can reduce your premiums by putting in a protection method. These generally will not cost that much to put into your house and can make you really feel safe when you have to go somewhere.
homeowner's insurance policy if your credit score ranking is good. Getting a minimal credit history rating tends to make you a likely risk in the eyes of your home
If you are satisfied with your home insurance policy firm, try and get better financial savings out of them with a several plan price cut! A lot of times a company will supply a considerable low cost as an incentive for having out much more than one policy with them so seem into protection for your automobile or well being with the same company and quite possibly preserve on two or much more once-a-year policy premiums!
homeowner's coverage with your insurance coverage organization if you make any adjustments to your home with the electrical wiring or plumbing. Creating updates to your methods can save you funds on your policy simply because it is considered safer to have newer systems fairly than having more mature kinds.
Elevating a deductible is a good way to lower house insurance policy premiums. You have to do research, simply because small claims can price you cash and you have to pay out them, such as leaky pipe injury and broken home.
homeowner's insurance plan is a "guaranteed replacement value" 1. This protects the investment decision you have manufactured in your home, simply because if your home is ruined in a natural disaster, it will be reconstructed, no matter of the expense. Constructing a house raises in expense each and every calendar year. This type of policy presents you a monetary cushion and absorbs the growing home-creating fees, so you don't have to.
It really is all about our house when it come to acquiring home

domain: finance


text:
JS-1 Tha Supplier: Love & EGO [Playlist]
To many dope ass songs out for me to not put together my own playlist of dope ass songs!! These are some of my favorite records out right now I found on soundcloud. Lets heat up the spring!!!
Our Hip Hop Talk Radio show hosted by 3 funny guys from Baltimore, MD!! Every Wednesday 9pm-12am they talk about entertainment news, top 10 Billboard albums of the week, spin the best in new music, and much more!! Take sure you set your alarms, calendars, add an event and tell your friends!! Aries Lounge Radio!!

domain: artistic


text:
The Not Fake News exists because of the distressing tendency of the media to thrive on negativity and chaos. We oppose the fearmongering and divisiveness by being a voice for reason whenever we can. When we write a review, it’s because it was so very good we felt absolutely compelled to speak up; people need to know the good things in life.
The trouble is, people deserve a warning sometimes when the food is just not worth the trip or the price, and we can give it to them. Likewise, if there’s one aspect of a place that’s world-class but the sauce tastes like ketchup, the pulled pork is mush, and the brisket is nothing more than a glorified chuck steak, that needs to be recorded too.
So here’s the master list of Places That Are Not Quite Worthy:
- Dickey’s Barbecue Pit: Dickey’s is the biggest barbecue chain in the US, and they do achieve consistency. One rack of ribs looks a lot like the next, and they taste OK if uninspired. But the pulled pork is soggy, the brisket is chopped beef, and the rest of the menu is similar. It’s a chain, and it tastes like a chain, which would be OK if it were priced as a chain. Plus sides: Sides, and free ice cream.
- The Pit, Raleigh NC; Motto — “Everything But The Squeal”: I wanted to be impressed; I really did. It’s an amazing atmosphere, slightly upscale but with a view directly into the bustling sparkly-stainless kitchen. There’s tons of history and a brilliant menu, and the prices while high are not unreasonable. But. It’s just not remarkable; there’s exactly one sauce, and it’s not that good. The ribs are bland; the meat is fatty and overcooked. The sides are decent and the portions plentiful, but overall it’s just not good enough to get a review. We’ll give them another chance someday, though.
- Dinosaur BBQ, Troy NY: The service was delightful and the wings were oh-my-God legendary. I enjoyed the fried green tomatoes and the deviled egg, and there’s a pepper sauce that’s worth killing for. Everything else was disappointing, particularly the other sauces — bland and without character. The ribs tasted like the meatloaf-ketchup sauce they were topped with, and everything else was similarly bland. I’d go back for the wings and I’m itching to try the nachos, but otherwise? Give it a pass.

domain: food


‘It Won’t Always Be Like This’ is due to arrive on July 9, and its eponymous single premiered as Annie Mac’s Hottest Record In The World on BBC Radio 1.
The earworm indie-rock track is actually four years old, but the band decided to re-record it for their first full-length release. Singer and guitarist Eli Hewson said:
“There’s a sense of optimism on this album and the song It Won’t Always Be Like This is the main catalyst for that. We kept coming back to that title.”
The band will support the record with a UK tour this autumn and a tour of Ireland in December. Tickets are on sale now.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Directed by||Ernst Lubitsch|
|Produced by||Paul Davidson|
The Doll (German: Die Puppe) is a 1919 German romantic fantasy comedy film directed by Ernst Lubitsch. The film is based on the operetta La poupée by Edmond Audran (1896) and a line of influence back through the Léo Delibes ballet Coppélia (1870) and ultimately to E. T. A. Hoffmann's short story "Der Sandmann" (1816).
Lancelot is the nephew of the Baron, his uncle. The Baron is pressuring him to get married but Lancelot is afraid of women. He decides to fool his uncle by marrying a life-like mechanical doll instead. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0010600/
The film was released in the US by Kino Lorber as part of the box set Lubitsch in Berlin (2007) with English intertitles. It was also released in the UK by Eureka's Masters of Cinema series as part of the box set Lubitsch in Berlin: Fairy-Tales, Melodramas, and Sex Comedies (2010) with German intertitles and English subtitles.
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.


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The Hanukah Song
Put on your Yalmuka, here comes Hanuka,
Hanuka is the Festival of Lights,
Instead of one day of Christmas,
we had eight crazy nights.
When you feel like the only hot chick in town
wearing red stockings.
Here is a list of Jewish people, just like you and me
oh so shocking.
John Goodman lights the me-norrah
So do Arnold Schwarchenegger, Nicolage Cage and the
old Sean Connery-ah.
Guess who eats together at the Karnick Deli.
Bowser from Sha-na-na and the Arthur Panzer Reli.
Chuck Norris's half Jewish
Marilyn Manson is too. Put them together what a fine looking jew.
You don't need deck the halls or Jingle Bell Rock.
Cause you came to rock the cradle with Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock.
Put on your yalmuka, time for Hanukah, the owner of Seattle Super Sonicah, celebrates Hanukah.
Mike Tyson is also a jew.
Evander Holyfield, got his ear bitten off he's a jew too.
Michael J. Fox's a quarter Jewish not too shabby
Madonna is too, she's got a new baby.
Some people think that, Ebeenezer Scrooge is
well he's not but guess who is,
all three stooges.
So many jews are on show biz.
Tom Cruise is not but I know is wife Nicole Kidman is.
Bill Clinton f---s Monica.
It's how he celebrates Hanukah.
So drink your whiskey and tonic-ah,
and smoke your marijuanica, if you really wanna wanna hah
have a happy happy happy Hanukah.
Submitted By: Kevin Brockway Jr.
Apr 25, 1999 13:34
This joke is rated: R


Welcome to Noomi Rapace Online, your premiere web resource on the Swedish actress. Best known for her performances as Lisbeth Salander in the original "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" film trilogy, "Prometheus" and the recent Indie smash "Lamb", Noomi Rapace has emerged as one of the most exciting European actresses of this decade. This unofficial fansite provides you with all latest news, photos, editorials and video clips on her past and present work. Enjoy your stay and check back soon.
Cinema Blend has observed that Noomi is eligible to enter next year’s awards race for the Academy Awards: Noomi Rapace is a name that most of you probably still don’t know. Maybe that’ll change, because she deserves an Oscar nomination for her work as Lisbeth Salander in the Swedish version of The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. Though the movie was first released in Sweden in 2009 Deadline confirms that she is eligible for nomination. Her performance is the best thing I’ve seen this year.
Whether or not she gets an Oscar nomination, Hollywood has already decided to sit up and take note of her talent. While she won’t show up in the unnecessary Americanization of Dragon Tattoo, the actress is getting offers for roles in all sorts of big budget American films, specifically Sherlock Holmes 2 and Mission: Impossible 4. No word on exactly what part she’d play in those movies, but she’s too talented to be wasted on a minor cameo. Hopefully she’ll also avoid being typecast as the cliché, leather-wearing, punk female badass she pulls off in Dragon Tattoo and its sequels. Apparently Rapace is nothing like Lisbeth Salander in person, which only makes her performance more impressive, and her potential as an actress even more tantalizing.


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Atlanta’s Two-9 (@Two9), fresh off of signing with EarDruma/Interscope records, release a new single, “Money Counter”. The energetic track features top-notch bars, basketball references, a horn sample, and a clip from the film 40 Year Old Virgin. Take a listen to the track below:
Janelle Monáe (@janellemonae) delivers an official video for the title track to her sophomore album The Electric Lady. Janelle kicks it with some close friends and family in this upbeat and celebratory visual aid which has appearances from T.I., T-Boz, Monica, Estelle and more. Watch below.
Gangsta’s Paradise. Lil Wayne was exiting Supperclub in Los Angeles last night after celebrating Mack Maine’s birthday only to almost have his candles blown out by a random gang member. Tunechi made his way to the Maybach with Christina Milian in tow and got approached by a man claiming to be a Crip urging the…Details
Vin Diesel took a break from dancing to Beyonce songs and sat down for an interview with Skyrock FM. While being probed about his new film Guardians of the Galaxy, he divulged some exclusive information about Fast And Furious 7. When asked about new music, Diesel brought up Iggy Azalea and revealed that she has…Details
Atlanta’s Lucci (@I_AM_LUCCI @SB_Skooly @RichHomieQuan) and Skooly hop on a track together to issue a rebuttal to Rich Homie Quan’s “Talk”, a diss aimed at Skooly released yesterday. This is the second beef that Rich Homie Quan has gotten himself into in the past few months, and like the one with Johnny Cinco, I have…Details
DJ Mustard (@DJMustard @2Chainz @TyDollaSign) gathers up 2 Chainz and Ty Dolla Sign for the video to his single “Down On Me”. The track will be featured on Mustard’s 10 Summers, dropping August 12th. The video was directed by Matt Swinsky. Take a peek at the video below [springboard type=”video” id=”967823″ player=”ddto001″ width=”640″ height=”460″ ]Details


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- Size 43.5 MB
- Ratings 10
- AgeRating 9+ [?]
- Developer: Huang Xie
- Website: Official website
- Release Date: 2017-04-04
- Supports: Family Sharing
- Languages: English, Czech, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish, Traditional Chinese, Turkish
- Compatibility: Requires iOS 5.1.1 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
Let's Escape From The Mystery Temple
The purpose of this game is to break out of the rooms. Solve the puzzles and find all the hidden objects that you have to use in the rooms in order to advance to the next floor.
Challenge yourself in this fun, addictive, free and popular puzzle game.
※※ Features ※※
\- Various themed backgrounds
\- Evolving difficulty levels
\- Stage expansion through constant updates
\- Superior graphic quality never before seen in the Escape genre
\- Free Game Coins are given away at certain intervals
\- Absolutely free to play!
※※※ Tips ※※※
\- Don't miss even the slightest detail! Even a scrap of paper can be a hint.
\- Obtained items can be examined, dismantled, and compounded for new hints.
\- Think outside the box. Sometimes, it pays to follow your gut instinct.
\- Use common sense.
\- Stay alert and listen. Sometimes, sounds can help you successfully escape.
- Rainbow elimination
- Rainbow Fox
- Rainbow Fries Maker! Cooking Colorful Street food
- Rainbow Frozen Slushy Truck
- Rainbow Gates
- Rainbow Glitter Coloring Book
- Rainbow Glitter Desserts Maker
- Rainbow Glowing Cotton Candy
- Rainbow Grid
- Rainbow Hamster
- Rainbow Hamster For Kids
- Rainbow Hippie 2
- Rainbow Hop
- Rainbow Ice Cream Cone Maker! Sweet & Tasty Treat
- Rainbow Ice Cream Maker - Make Colorful Icecream


This article is part of our special report Modernisation in Azerbaijan.
At the start of last year, Azerbaijan’s government established the Center of Analysis of International Relations (AIR Center) think tank, in an effort to modernise and increase its regional and international clout.
Farid Shafiyev, a diplomat who came back to academia to chair the think tank after more than 20 years in the foreign service, sat down with journalists a day before the parliamentary elections on Sunday (9 February).
“Now we are working to have a scholarship funded by the government” to come and research at the centre, said Shafiyev, who also contacted think tanks in the region as well as Brussels-based organisations.
The number one research topic for the AIR Center is the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and Armenia, with more than two-thirds of efforts going in this direction.
Nagorno-Karabakh and seven adjacent regions are internationally recognised territories of Azerbaijan but have been occupied by Armenia following a 1988-94 war that claimed an estimated 30,000 lives and displaced hundreds of thousands of people.
A ceasefire was called in 1994, but decades of internationally mediated negotiations with the involvement of the OSCE’s Minsk Group have failed to result in a resolution. The Minsk Group is co-chaired by France, Russia, and the United States.
Also, AIR Center also spends considerable resources on studying Azerbaijan’s neighbours, Georgia, Russia, Turkey and Iran.
“We have a complicated relationship with Iran,” said Shafiyev, former ambassador of Azerbaijan to the Czech Republic and Canada. “We have millions of ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Iran.”
The number of ethnic Iranian Azeris is heavily disputed, with estimates ranging from 12 million to as much as 30% of Iran’s population, or about 23 million people. Azerbaijan’s own population is 10 million.
“That’s an important factor in our relationship,” said Shafiyev, “the other, of course, the differences in our state systems.” Azerbaijan is staunchly secular.
The former diplomat sees a parallel between Iran and Russia in that both attempt to bring Azerbaijan within their sphere of influence.
“At least Russians don’t deny our ethnic identity,” said Shafiyev. “With Iran it is much more tricky,” because the Islamic Republic plays on the religious kinship between the two states. About 80% of Azerbaijanis are Shia Muslims.
“Plus, another factor that irritates Iran is that we have relations with the United States and Israel,” said Shafiyev, adding “we, in turn, always point to the good relations between Iran and Armenia.”
“Having said all that, we believe it’s important to have good neighbourly relations with Iran,” underscored Shafiyev, describing the American withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal as “unfortunate” and “raising tension in the region.”
“As a neighbour, we don’t like to see war,” especially one that would have direct repercussions for Azerbaijan because of the potential inflow of refugees, added Shafiyev.
On the issue of trade, Shafiyev said that having a “solid economic relationship with the EU” will remain a priority for the Caucasian country as it attempts to become more competitive and open.
“However, there is the ‘Russia factor'” which Azerbaijan should keep in mind, especially in view of disunity within the EU and the World Trade Organisation, Shafiyev said.
“We have seen what happened in Ukraine”. “Because the EU is not God, it’s not going to come and rescue your economy or [solve] your political problem with your neighbours.”
[Edited by Zoran Radosavljevic and Georgi Gotev]


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Enjoy a safe and secure dating experience
Dating may be a daunting task, particularly if you’re looking to locate some body with whom you share similar passions. luckily, there are a number of dating web sites available that cater to various interests. if you are trying to find a site that provides older men and younger women, then you should have a look at olderman youngerwomandating.com. this site was created to provide a safe and secure dating experience for many seeking to date some one of opposing sex. among the advantages of using this site is that you will be sure your dating profile is private. which means you will be sure your dating profile will not be shared with anyone that that you do not want to buy become shared with. also, the site provides some features making it simple for you to find a match. including, you are able to flick through the profiles of other users discover someone that you could be thinking about dating. in addition, you can make use of the search function to locate some one that you could want to consider dating predicated on specific requirements. overall, olderman youngerwomandating.com is a superb site for those looking to find a match which compatible with their interests and life style. if you’re looking a site that provides a safe and protected dating experience, then you definitely should truly check always it out.
Find love with an older man – younger woman relationship
If you are looking for love, an older man might be a great choice. younger women often find older men more desirable than their particular generation. furthermore, an older man could have more experience and knowledge available a relationship. however, just before hop into a relationship with an older man, make sure you consider most of the dangers. check out ideas to assist you in finding love with an older man – younger woman relationship. 1. be honest together right away. honesty is key in any relationship, and it’s really particularly essential in a relationship with an older man – younger woman relationship. if you should be uncertain whether you’re ready for a relationship with an older man, be honest together with your partner. this may assist them understand your emotions and make sure that you’re both for a passing fancy web page. 2. discuss your objectives. before you decide to get involved with an older man – younger woman relationship, be sure to have realistic objectives. talk about everythingare looking for in a relationship making sure your spouse stocks those same expectations. this may help to make sure your relationship is healthier and fulfilling. 3. have patience. relationships take care to develop, and a relationship with an older man – younger woman is not any exclusion. have patience and invite your relationship to grow at its pace. this may help ensure that the two of you are happy and satisfied with the relationship. 4. do not be afraid to ask for help. if you’re struggling in your relationship, you shouldn’t be afraid to ask for help from your spouse. 5. avoid being afraid to fairly share your emotions. if something is bothering you inside relationship, most probably about this. this may help to ensure that both of you have the ability to communicate effectively. 6. be truthful together about your sex-life. if you should be unhappy along with your sex life within relationship, be honest about it. 7. don’t be afraid setting boundaries. if you are uncomfortable with a particular facet of your relationship, most probably about this. 8. do not be afraid to end the connection if it’s not working. this may help make sure that you both are able to end the partnership on an optimistic note.
Challenges of an older man younger woman relationship
When two people are drawn to both, it could be difficult to keep things expert. this is also true when one of the individuals is older and other is younger. it is because the older individual may feel just like they’re in a position of authority, which can be hard to relinquish. furthermore, the younger individual can be more impulsive and less able to manage the challenges of a relationship with an older person. one of the biggest challenges in a relationship between an older man and a younger woman is interaction. older people usually have lots of experience and knowledge, but they may possibly not be because open to sharing that with a younger individual. this is difficult for both parties, because the older person may feel like they are not being listened to or understood. another challenge may be the age huge difference. younger individuals frequently expect things from relationships that older individuals may not be able to offer. older individuals may be more knowledgeable, however they may not be as mobile or able to travel as frequently as younger individuals. this can be difficult for younger individuals, who may choose to explore the world and also activities. finally, there clearly was the matter of energy. older people may feel like they’ve more experience and are more in control. this is a challenge for younger people, whom might not be always feeling like they are not in charge. younger people may also feel they should do a lot of the work in a relationship, that can easily be difficult. if both events are prepared to strive, they could have an effective relationship.
The definitive guide to older man younger woman relationships
There is not any doubt that older man younger woman relationships are extremely fulfilling and fulfilling. but there are additionally many considerations before getting included. here are four key items to bear in mind if you’re thinking of dating someone notably younger than you:
1. respect how old you are huge difference
one of the more essential things to keep in mind should respect your age distinction. what this means is maybe not treating the other person like a child, and never anticipating them to behave like one. if you’re uncomfortable aided by the age distinction, you need to steer clear of the relationship. 2. cannot expect way too much too soon
you need to understand that older man younger woman relationships remember to develop. it’s not unusual for what to begin slowly, and also to take time to determine what’s important to both parties. 3. have patience and communicate
one of the biggest challenges in virtually any relationship is interaction. it is critical to have patience and to communicate freely and actually. if you can find any dilemmas or disagreements, it’s important to deal with them asap. 4. respect both’s privacy
perhaps one of the most important things to remember is respect both’s privacy. this implies perhaps not sharing too much personal information, rather than invading each other’s privacy. if you will find any issues, you need to communicate them honestly and freely.
Find love & companionship with an older man younger woman dating site
Older guys and younger women can be usually regarded as a mismatch, but it doesn’t have to be the situation. there are numerous older man younger woman dating websites out there that will help you find love and companionship. some of those sites consider assisting older men find younger females currently, although some are specifically for younger women wanting older males. whatever your interests are, there is certainly a dating site for you. a few of the key advantages of utilizing a dating site specifically for older males and younger ladies range from the following:
1. variety: older man younger woman dating internet sites offer a variety of options that aren’t available on other dating websites. this enables one to find a person who is a great match available centered on your interests and life style. 2. compatibility: older man younger woman dating sites are created to assist you in finding a compatible partner. this means you’ll probably find somebody who shares your passions and values. 3. possibility: older man younger woman dating websites give you the chance to satisfy brand new individuals and explore brand new relationships. this can be a terrific way to find the love in your life. 4. safety: older man younger woman dating web sites are designed to be safe and sound. this means you can trust the site to guard your privacy and protection. if you’re interested in finding a site that’s specifically designed available, make sure you read the solutions.
Tips to make an older man younger woman relationship last
If you’re looking for a relationship that lasts, an older man and younger woman relationship could be an ideal complement you. below are a few tips to help to make your relationship last:
1. respect one another’s age
one of the more important things to keep in mind when dating an older man is to respect their age. make sure you’re maybe not too pushy or demanding, and start to become respectful of his experience and maturity. this will help build a powerful relationship that will last a long time. 2. keep things casual
one of the biggest errors people make when dating an older man is always to make an effort to alter everything about on their own in order to make him delighted. instead, you will need to keep things casual. this can help to build a very good foundation for a long-term relationship. 3. show patience
one of the biggest challenges in every relationship is persistence. if you should be seeking a relationship that lasts, have patience and invite your older man to just take the lead. this may help to build trust and respect. 4. never expect a lot of
one of the primary errors people make when dating an older man is expect too much. alternatively, show patience and allow your older man to show you just what he is got. 5. if you are finding a relationship that lasts, ensure you’re communicating frequently.
Find your perfect match with older man younger woman dating today
If you are looking for a relationship that is both satisfying and satisfying, then older man younger woman dating could be the perfect option for you. this sort of relationship isn’t just good for your emotional wellbeing, however it can be incredibly good for your physical well-being. why older man younger woman dating works
there are a variety of factors why older man younger woman dating can be such an effective relationship choice. for just one, older males routinely have an abundance of experience that younger females often find appealing. they also will be more understanding and patient than many younger men, which will make for a more harmonious relationship. furthermore, older males usually have an abundance of knowledge that may be useful in both personal and expert areas. finally, many older women find that younger guys tend to be more enthusiastic about their intelligence than what their age is. this is a massive benefit in a relationship, as it can certainly help build a good foundation for future growth and development.
How to get the right older man for you
older man younger woman looking for a relationship with an older man, you’re in luck. there are lots of great older men on the market who are shopping for a serious relationship. here are some tips to support you in finding the proper older man for you. first, you should be honest with your self. if you are not ready for a serious relationship, never date an older man. if you should be selecting a fling, dating an older man may not be the best idea. 2nd, be realistic about your expectations. older males in many cases are busy and could not need the full time or power to dedicate to a relationship. be sure you’re willing to put in the work. third, be familiar with yours age. older men may view younger women as immature rather than ready for a significant relationship. don’t let this concern you, but know about the age difference. fourth, be respectful. older men may have some wisdom and experience to offer. be sure to pay attention and respect their viewpoints. finally, be patient. older men might take longer to warm up to a relationship. do not get discouraged if things don’t take place straight away. give him some time persistence and things will sooner or later work out.

domain: sociology