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According to the Freedom House, a nonprofit organization that assesses governments on their level of freedom, Ukraine is the only country in Eastern Europe where citizens are not fully free. This is due to the high rate of violence against journalists, freedom of the press, and other rights. In addition, there are also “hybrid regimes” such as in Serbia, which are only partially free.
Ukraine is only “partly free”
Ukraine was ranked a “partly free” country by Freedom House in its most recent report. The organization assessed Ukraine based on its level of civil liberties, corruption, and political reform.
While the report identifies a number of improvements in Ukraine, there are still significant issues. Political corruption is rampant, and the media is highly influenced by oligarchs. A squalid criminal justice system is endemic, and journalists are assassinated.
Russia’s invasion of Crimea and Donbas is an attack on Ukraine, as well as a sabre-rattling against basic human rights. It is a challenge to the country’s fragile democracy.
Ukraine’s oligarchic system undermines the legitimacy of the country’s entire political system. Corruption is widespread and a mixed electoral system helps oligarchs elect representatives.
The Freedom House report also noted that Ukrainian citizens face discrimination. This is especially true of minorities, such as the LGBT community. The state is often unwilling to utilise the country’s vast natural resources.
Ukrainian nationalists have tried to stamp out what they see as pro-Russian forces in the country. However, these efforts were not comprehensive.
Ukraine’s history shows that it is hard to build a democracy. After independence in 1991, it was forced to adopt anti-democratic measures. The first major attempt to reform the country, the Orange Revolution of 2004, was unsuccessful.
Since then, the country’s pro-Russian policies have been reversed. But a window of opportunity appears to be closing. There are several important reforms being undertaken, including a new anti-corruption system and the creation of a Specialised Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office.
Despite the improvements, the current round of reforms remains incomplete in a number of crucial areas. In particular, the political parties are weak and unstable. And the upcoming presidential elections are likely to be contentious.
Croatia is more restrictive than in France or the United States
Croatia is a parliamentary republic that abides by the rule of law, and holds regular elections. However, corruption is a big issue. Many public servants obtained their jobs through patronage networks, making them susceptible to betrayal by political or special interest groups.
Corruption is a big issue in Croatia, and is not limited to the government. Local NGOs have observed a trend of more corruption since the country joined the EU in 2013.
The European Commission has slammed the Croatian government for not being a ‘true’ member of the EU. It has also singled out corruption as one of the top issues in the country.
In the most comprehensive analysis of political corruption in Croatia, a recent study revealed that the government failed to implement the most obvious measures to combat corruption. This included a law requiring all companies to pay their employees a fair wage, and a law requiring companies to return money they had illegally obtained.
Although the Croatian government has taken some steps to address this issue, the problem still persists. A local NGO has shed light on the alleged illicit financial dealings of a candidate for the European Commission’s portfolio.
While Croatia does not have the worst prison conditions in the world, the situation is far from ideal. Due to overcrowding, the country’s prisons fall short of international standards.
The biggest issue is corruption in the public sector. This is often a combination of patronage networks and political pressure from the ruling party. Some have accused the former Croatian prime minister, Milan Bandic, of using his position to help himself, his family, and his party.
Although the best known scandals involve the public procurement of goods and services by private contractors, the government has been accused of mismanaging the state-owned company Agrokor, which is the largest employer in the country.
Malta’s transparency of government policymaking continues to be a challenge
The government of Malta has gotten a bad rap for its lack of transparency when it comes to public contracts and other major government business. Despite this, the country has a decent freedom of information law that allows citizens to access any record they want. It is worth noting that the government does have an asset disclosure rule for public officials. In addition, the state-owned media is often pro-government, meaning the ruling party enjoys a disproportionate number of the accolades.
While the Maltese government has improved its policymaking transparency, there are still many egregious instances of government malfeasance that remain unpunished. Among them are a number of large public contract and procurement projects where important details have been withheld from the public.
There are a number of high-profile cases involving malfeasance involving a number of senior public officials. These include allegations of kickbacks and the misuse of a controversial Individual Investor Program (IIP) that allows foreigners to acquire Maltese citizenship in exchange for a substantial donation to the government. Regardless of the fact that the IIP has been discontinued, the government has yet to admit to any wrongdoing in this regard.
The Malta government has tried to bolster its transparency credentials with a flurry of publicity around the Egrant affair, the car czar, and a new law on appointing judges to the European Court of Justice. However, all of these endeavors have failed to yield the kind of results the nation’s most discerning voters deserve. Ultimately, it is unlikely that any of these measures will succeed in the near term, despite the government’s best efforts.
It is worth noting that the sexiest of all the Maltese awsms has been tainted by an unfortunate case of bureaucracy. One of the biggest issues is that the prime minister, who is usually the leader of a majority party in parliament, retains considerable power over judicial appointments, making the judiciary particularly vulnerable to political meddling.
Serbia has been classified among “hybrid regimes”
The Freedom House recently released its annual report on democratic changes in the world, and Serbia was classified among “hybrid regimes.” Hybrid regimes are defined as “democracies that have not achieved full democratization.” They are also defined as countries that are not classified as “authoritarian.”
While the Government of Serbia has been pushing back against the latest revision of the Freedom House, other international organizations have recorded long-term declines in Serbia. In the latest report, Serbia received lower marks in seven areas: the fight against corruption, the atmosphere of civil society, the freedom of the media, the judiciary, electoral conditions, and the freedom of opinion.
These ratings are the result of reports compiled by domestic and international organizations. As an independent think tank, the Bertelsmann Foundation conducts research on processes of democracy throughout the world. Although the Bertelsmann Index does not classify Serbia as a hybrid regime, it does identify a major decline in its democratic institutions.
A large number of attacks against journalists have occurred in Serbia in the past year. In a report compiled by the Independent Association of Journalists of Serbia, 189 cases of violence against journalists were identified. This is more than the number of reported attacks during the same period in 2018.
Corruption scandals have undermined the foundations of democratic institutions. Officials have used inflammatory rhetoric to demonize journalists. The government’s efforts to pressure the independent media have increased in recent months.
The ruling party failed to form a governing coalition with the opposition in the parliamentary elections of 2018, and the ruling party has been accused of coaxing unscrupulous groups into signing an agreement. President Aleksandar Vucic supervised the mainstreaming of smear campaigns.
SLAPP lawsuits are aimed at financially exhausting editorial offices
SLAPP (short for Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation) is a type of lawsuit designed to disrupt and stifle public discussion and debate. Typically, a SLAPP suit is filed by a person or group whose primary objective is to intimidate a particular person or group.
SLAPPs are a good way to silence a cash-strapped news organization. Usually, the plaintiffs’ lawyers go to great lengths to make the claims seem legitimate. The legal costs associated with such suits can be staggering, as can the costs incurred in fighting such lawsuits.
Although no federal law currently exists on the topic, there are many state laws on the books. In Texas, for instance, the Texas Citizens Participation Act provides a mechanism for meritless defamation suits to be dismissed.
For years, journalists around the world have been concerned about the proliferation of SLAPP lawsuits. Several countries have enacted similar laws. However, there are still questions about how effective these statutes are, and how they are applied.
The European Union’s anti-SLAPP initiative offers some hope. Its laudable recommendations include increased training for judges and prosecutors and a recommendation to introduce the right kind of legal protections into the system as a whole. Moreover, it has also taken steps to identify and highlight the SLAPPs of the world, including those involving fake news.
Considering the fact that the European Commission is already working on a measure to tackle the problem in the EU, it’s not too late for individual states to follow suit. But even after the implementation of this legislation, it’s likely that more nations will enact their own versions of this well-intentioned but ill-conceived act.
As for the best defense against a SLAPP, the most practical choice would be to simply merge all of the cases into one lawsuit. Not only would this minimize the cost of defending such cases, but it would also allow the plaintiffs to focus their efforts on proving the merits of the case.
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Soul II Soul, one of the capital’s favourite retro music jams, left Accra reeling from the sound of great music performed in the best of fashions when it unleashed Daasebre Gyamenah in the April edition of the show, in his much anticipated appearance on the stage.
“I’m losing a lot more sleep than Mourinho or Tito Vilanova” was the response to the question of keeping up standards by a confident CEO of Karl Aubyn, the event organisers.
“We have grown from strength to strength since the launch in December and will up the ante on May 3rd.”
The last edition kicked off with smooth jazz music before meandering through hit after hit from the artistes such as Bessa Simmons and band and the tunes from the Dj of the house, a unique signature of Soul to Soul since its inception.
The audience at the April edition were treated to powerful performances from Ofie and Jones, who delivered hit songs from the 70s and 80s through a variety of genres.
The crowd was then treated to music from the guest act, Daasebre Gyamenah, who after years of being away from the public eye and other major platforms, didn’t seem to have lost his silky voice or the affection of his adoring fans.
The dance floor was packed with fans who just wanted him to sing all night as they twisted, shook and gyrated every ligament to tune after tune.
The lyrics of ‘Sherry’, ‘Still I Love You’, ‘Sete’ and ‘Wo K?daa Kaeme’ were as fresh in the minds of patrons as were his current hits; and they sang and danced along.
“Oh what a night…best by far”, one regular patron said.
The organisers, also expressed delight in having given old school music lovers a night to remember.
Without a doubt, the April event was a huge success and according to the organisers, the May edition is expected to be nothing short of “spectacular.”
Soul to Soul is back once more, on the 3rd of May at the award winning entertainment venue, +233 Jazz Bar and Grill.

domain: artistic


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Check out the full tables of content for Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 57.
I have an ongoing fascination with articles that examine how real clinicians work and relate to patients. So it’s no surprise that I would up rereading the article Lavoie et al.’s “Changing Provider Behavior in the Context of Chronic Disease Management: Focus on Clinical Inertia.” It focuses specifically on chronic diseases. It’s a tremendously interesting and sometimes frustrating article. See for example this paragraph on treatment of asthma:
Despite the availability of guidelines for the treatment of asthma and robust evidence that following guideline recommendations improves outcomes, provider adherence to CPGs to manage asthma is poor. For example, a retrospective study of asthma care delivered to 345 patients at a tertiary adult emergency department (ED) in Canada reported 69.6% overall compliance with guidelines . Controller (i.e., inhaled corticosteroid) use was prescribed in only one-third of children and adults in the ED and on discharge. Studies have also shown that in the nonacute care setting, few physicians prescribe ongoing daily controller medication or written self-management plans, even in adults and children with a recent acute care visit for asthma. Moreover, even when they are prescribed, the cumulative duration of available prescriptions coversless than 50% of the follow-up period.”
In other cheerful news there is the article, “Will There Be a Cure for Ebola?”, by Cardile et al. It provides this answer in the introduction: “Identification of a cure, therefore, may be approached from the perspective of prevention, treatment, or eradication. Only smallpox and rinderpest have been eradicated from nature. The prospect of EBOV eradication is untenable at this time, given our incomplete understanding of potential reservoir hosts and subsequent initial transmission from reservoir hosts to humans.” However, the control and prevention of the disease is looking more promising.”
Coleman’s article “The Discovery of Suvorexant, the First Orexin Receptor Drug for Insomnia” provides some good news for those who suffer from insomnia, “Unlike GABAA receptor modulators, DORAs promote both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep, do not disrupt sleep stage–specific quantitative electroencephalogram spectral profiles, and allow somnolence indistinct from normal sleep. The preservation of cognitive performance and the ability to arouse to salient stimuli after DORA administration suggest further advantages over historical therapies.”
Let’s head into the weekend with a happy article about relaxation and the relationship between the brain’s stress and reward circuits. Say Volkow’s wonderfully titled article “Don’t Worry, Be Happy: Endocannabinoids and Cannabis at the Intersection of Stress and Reward.” I was intrigued by the introduction to this article: “The search for a state of mental relaxation and well-being is one of the factors driving the widespread consumption of cannabis. The most frequently abused illicit substance worldwide, cannabis is consumed regularly by about 2.4% of the world population (approximately 181 million people in 2013).” This is a really interesting look at how cannabis interacts with our stress and reward centers and why it works to relax some people.
Suzanne K. Moses is Annual Reviews’ Senior Electronic Content Coordinator. For 15+ years, she has played a central role in the publication of Annual Reviews’ online articles. Not a single page is posted online without first being proofed and quality checked by Suzanne.

domain: medical


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Haiti’s newest hotel is a destination in its own right.
The Marriott Port-au-Prince Hotel— the result of a philanthropic collaboration between Marriott International, Digicel Group and The Clinton Foundation — opened its doors in March. The 175-room Marriott is the first of its brand in the country and aims to bring sustainability to the people of Haiti by employing primarily Haitians and enlisting local businesses for goods and services whenever possible.
Located just 7 miles from the Toussaint L’Ouverture International Airport, the Marriott Port-au-Prince offers guests easy access to the city’s commercial district as well as a wide variety of outdoor activities like hiking and swimming. It boasts the popular La Sirene Bar and Restaurant, with a variety of traditional Haitian items in addition to popular international dishes. It also features five elegant meeting rooms for corporate and social events of any size.
“The opening of the Marriott Port-au-Prince is an important milestone as the people of Haiti work to revitalize and diversify their economy,” said President Bill Clinton at the opening ceremony in March. “I am grateful to Marriott and Digicel for their commitment to this project, and hope that its success will inspire further investment.”
The Clinton Foundation facilitated the signing of a development and operating agreement between Marriott Hotel and the Digicel Group to build the hotel in the Turgeau area of Port-au-Prince, next to Digicel’s offices. The hotel, which is creating 200 new, stable, and competitively paid jobs in Port-au-Prince, is also generating opportunities for Haitian small businesses and entrepreneurs who will be able to supply goods and services to the hotel.
The Haiti Marriott is led by a veteran Marriott general manager who was previously at the Marriott Champs Elysees in Paris. It includes among its staff a number of people of Haitian descent, some of whom returned to Haiti for the first time to work there. They represent two-thirds of executive positions at the Marriott Port-au-Prince, including Sharon Sylhomme, a Financial Officer, Edwidge Solages, who works in of Human Resources, and Ellen Wouters, Director of Operations.
Kier Construction Company workers, sub-contractors and skilled Haitian construction workers who built the hotel were among those who were on hand as President Martelly and President Clinton celebrated the ribbon cutting earlier this season. The hotel created more than 1,100 jobs throughout the construction stage.
The Digicel Group invested $45 million to build the property. Digicel Chairman Denis O’Brien is also the man behind the Digicel Foundation, which to date has constructed 150 schools in Haiti, and rebuilt the iconic Iron Market in Port-au-Prince. He is also the Chairman of the Clinton Global Initiative’s Haiti Action Network and has been instrumental in driving the activity of 80 support organizations in Haiti to deliver on their commitments.
“All along, we’ve said that we were committed to Haiti’s recovery and to delivering on its potential as a great place to invest, and as such, we are thrilled to be opening the doors of the Marriott Port-au-Prince here today,” said Mr. O’Brien. “We hope that the opening of the hotel will signal that Haiti is truly open for business and is ready to welcome investors and travelers alike.”
“We believe we can make a difference in Haiti by promoting tourism, and developing local talent that can help lift this country, over time, back to being one of the top travel destinations in the Caribbean,” said Arne Sorenson, Marriott International President and CEO.
Working with Haiti’s Ministry of Tourism, Marriott selected 8 Haitian youth to train in hospitality operations at the new JW Marriott Hotel Santo Domingo. The youth recently returned to Haiti after their 12-week internship in Santo Domingo and have been hired as entry-level supervisors at the Marriott Port-au-Prince Hotel. Marriott is also collaborating with Haiti’s Ministry of Tourism and World Central Kitchen to build the skills and training of Haiti’s hospitality workforce through newly designed hospitality curriculum for local culinary students.
Marriott has provided funding to help support the innovative new program, which is currently being delivered to its first culinary class of nearly 40 students in a school located near the Marriott Hotel Port-au-Prince. The program will be expanded when a new Ecole Hotelier, currently under construction, is completed in 2015.
In addition to the 200 new hotel jobs and hospitality training, the hotel is sourcing goods, food and amenities from local small businesses, social enterprises, farms and Haitian artisans. The unique craftsmanship of more than a dozen Haitian-based artisans, including the hotel’s art curator, Philippe Dodard, is showcased throughout the hotel’s guest rooms, corridors, great room, conference areas, restaurant and courtyard. From signature metalworks, paper mache masks and voodoo flags, to contemporary photography and stone and wood sculptures using natural and recycled materials, the deep, vibrant art culture of Haiti is on display. The hotel will also feature weekly art markets where guests can purchase art from local artists on the hotel grounds.
Marriott Port-au-Prince is sourcing 100 percent of its coffee from Haitian company, Rebo Coffee, which employs several hundred women who carefully select the beans for quality. Rebo is a socially responsible business that is investing in agricultural and financial training for small and independent farmers.
Marriott Port-au-Prince is pleased to be the first hotel in Haiti to source produce from Afe Neg Combite, a Kenscoff-based co-op made up of 5,500 farmers employing a total of 8,000 people. Marriott’s procurement team has been working with the farmers for more than a year to help them produce, package and transport fruits and vegetables in ways that meet the quality, yield and lower waste standards of the hospitality industry.
The Marriott Hotel Port-au-Prince was sustainably designed and constructed, providing stand-alone utility services while applying energy efficient building technologies.
“Merci, merci,” said Haiti Minister of Tourism Stephanie Villedrouin. “Marriott International and Digicel Group’s dedication to completing this project is to be commended. The opening of this hotel is a huge vote of confidence in the future economic viability of Haiti.”
Dining options at the hotel include La Sirene Restaurant, a casual restaurant and La Sirene Bar, a lobby bar and lounge and 24-hour room service. The hotel will include about 6,501 square feet) of flexible meeting space, a 150-square-meter (1,614-square-foot) fitness center, swimming pool, and sundries shop/marketplace.

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Indoor gardening tips from our experts
Got gardening ambitions but no outdoor space? Become an indoor gardener and bring nature into your home. From sunny window ledges to cool dark corners, a variety of plants thrive indoors. Green is the colour our brains can process most easily, so more or less any plant we can fit into our homes can be a healing balm for the mind.
Choose your indoor plants wisely and not only will they brighten and fragrance your home but up the ante on organic eating. If you manage to grow a productive plant, it will add that freshly-picked taste to your culinary creations and prove less of a pinch on your pocket.
While indoor growing is ideal for those with no outdoor space, it’s also a great way for those with outdoor gardens to extend their space. More importantly, indoor growing allows everyone to get gardening whatever the weather.
Where to start?
With the plants you love and suit your lifestyle best, as this will reap the best rewards for the time and investment you make. Think about what you or your family like to eat. What herbs you reach for most? Which vegetables are the staples in recipes? Which colours lift your mood? Which scents do you want to fill your home?
How to start?
We’re here to help. We asked our gardening experts to share some tips on what works well.
Food for thought
Did you know that tomatoes, chillies and peppers can all be grown indoors? What's great about these choices is that they are stalwarts in many of our most popular recipes. Andy Dainty, Senior Gardener at Castle Ward confirms that vine vegetables and leafy greens are top choices.‘
'When it comes to salad leaves, many will grow well in a window so have a go. Try rainbow chard, a relative of beetroot. Tomatoes will grow from seed on a sunny window. Chillies and peppers will also grow on a window sill and ripen well in a sunny spot. They will need your support as they grow so tend to them regularly so don’t forget to turn the plants regularly to ensure the sun light or UV rays can get to both sides of plant. This will ensure healthy and vibrant growth.'
Here's a recipe to try with your home-grown produce.
How about herbs? Tim Stapleton, Propagator in the nurseries of the Mount Stewart gardens thinks they are a great place to start as they are an asset to your kitchen as well as your home. ‘The great thing about growing herbs in your home is that they are ideal for growing under cover as this will produce lots of fresh, young growth. Most herbs are suitable for container cultivation. Chives, rosemary, thyme, sage, lemon balm and mint can all be grown indoors. Be wary of mint though, while it might make your home smell great, it will also grow like crazy.’
Tim's top tip is to save the seeds. ‘Yes you can grow your own plant from the seeds or core of used fruit or vegetables. In fact there are likely to be at least a few you will be able to grow and pick more fruit from. It is loads of fun to have a go at and discover what you can achieve with leftovers.’
Andy agrees that growing plants from pips is a fun and cheap way to test your green fingers. ‘Charming small plants can be grown from fruit pips like avocado, pears and apples.' His top tip when it comes to growing your own avocado is to 'Soak it in water for 48 hours as that will help it germinate quicker. Place it large side down in a glass. Make sure the base of the seed is touching the water and then once the roots have formed plant it into a pot.’
Time to design
When it comes to flowers and plants that will brighten your home, Andy Senior Gardener at Castle Ward recommends colourful plants like fuchsia which also require little watering. ‘Alongside a baby geranium, which is ideal for a window, they will flower all year.’
Famed by forgetful waterers, the classic cactus is ideal for trendy tropical flair and those the easy-going seeking quick care. Aloe vera is a popular choice with medicinal benefits which thrives in snug conditions. Pot in a terra cotta pot and place in bright, sunny spot or it will stop growing. For something more stylish and colourful, place an orchid on a side board or sunny window. Got limited light? Monkey mask works well in a dark room and even bathrooms.
When it comes to caring for plants Tim recommends focusing on the basics. ‘It may seem obvious, but plants in containers need food and water, being very limited on how far their roots can reach. Even desert plants only survive because their roots grow long enough to find a water source.’
Many house plants only need water a couple times a week. Add water from the bottom and this way the plant will only take the water that it needs. Using use old teabags also gives plants a nitrogen source.
Andy Senior Gardener at Castle Ward also recommends supporting drainage by using any small stones or broken crockery at the bottom of the pot. This will also allow you to use less compost, which can be hard to source at the moment. When potting plants, you can ration out your compost by using a ratio of two-thirds garden soil to one-third compost.
Space it out
When space is really limited, Tim’s top tip is to look up. ‘A little wall space on a balcony can create a lovely vertical garden. Outside your door you can let plants climb canes or moss poles. Indoors you can even trail from shelves.’
Maximise your space by utilising all the sun traps in your home. Use floor standing plant holders, shelves and the obvious window sills. According to Tim, if you can’t get to the garden centre, ‘window boxes can be simply made with homemade holders’.
So don’t let a lack of space stop you from growing a love of gardening. Make the most of the space you have, get creative and experiment indoors.

domain: agronomy


Unique top module by VHA
The SECUROL100 is a unique conveyor-topmodule designed for MiR100.
The SECUROL100 was designed with traceability in mind and is ideal for industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical, …
- Only one access point: fully protected using see-trough panels.
- The access point is monitored using sensors. A product cannot be removed from the conveyor without this being detected.
- Guiding rails for a reliable product transfer.
- The electrical cabinet can be found on the outside of the top-module, minimizing down-time during maintenance tasks.
Top modules by MiRGo
MiR is an open robot platform, ready for different applications to be integrated. MiRGo is a unique ecosystem where you find applications that extend the functionality of the MiR robots.
MiRGo consists of many different applications and top modules for all the different AMR’s in MiR’s product portfolio. In this marketplace, you can get inspiration for how our mobile robots can create value for you, your colleagues and your production.
Click on type of application you are on the look-out for, and you’ll see a list of available top modules from MiRGo partners.


Table of Contents
How to Connect CCTV Camera to TV Wirelessly:
Whether you want to connect your CCTV camera to your TV wirelessly or you want to monitor the live feed of your cameras, there are many ways to connect the camera to your television.
Older camera systems are wired back to a central hub where they manage the feed to local monitors and a local TV channel.
If you want to connect the camera to a modern TV, you’ll need an RCA Converter Box, which will convert the old-fashioned analog signal to the more modern HDMI or S-Video output.
HDMI How to connect CCTV camera to TV wireless
Connecting a CCTV camera to a television wirelessly is possible using an HDMI cable. First, you will need to convert your existing BNC cable to HDMI.
You can purchase BNC to HDMI converters at any electronics store. Once the cable is converted, you can connect the camera to the television.
Once you have the CCTV camera connected to your TV, you can view it live. You can also use an AHD to HDMI video converter.
The AHD-CV7 AHD to HDMI converter can connect your camera to a TV monitor via an HDMI cable. Another good option is a 4ch CCTV multiplexer which lets you view live video from many security cameras at once.
Another benefit of using wireless CCTV is that you can install it in many locations. You can even move the CCTV camera to another location if you wish.
The downside of wireless CCTV is that it is prone to interference. It can get disrupted by other wireless signals or by routers on the same bandwidth.
RG59 Siamese cable How to connect CCTV camera to TV wireless:
If you want to connect a CCTV camera to your TV wirelessly, you need to use the right cable. An RG59 Siamese cable carries both video and power wires and is shielded to prevent electromagnetic interference. It is more expensive than other types of cables but has a longer lifespan.
RG59 Siamese cable can be purchased either pre-made or in bulk. It comes with BNC connectors on both ends, so you’ll have two pairs of connectors for each end. You can connect these cables to your security camera by using two BNC connectors.
Siamese cable is a great option because it combines power and data into one cable. This type of cable can be purchased in spools or pull-boxes, and terminations are required at each end.
Since this cable is able to carry data and power, it can cut down on installation time. It’s also widely used in surveillance cameras and CCTV setups.
When connecting a CCTV camera to a TV wirelessly, you can use the S-Video output to see the feed from the camera on your TV. Using this connection is easy and convenient, as it can be used for a variety of applications.
For example, you can use the feed from a security camera to watch the activity of your home or business, and save it to your computer or laptop.
To connect your CCTV camera to a television wirelessly, you first need to connect the camera to a TV. For this, you need to make sure that the power source is 12 volts. Once you have the power supply, you will have to convert the cable to an RCA male connector. You can then use the BNC-to-RCA converter to connect the video cable to the television.
Network video recorder (NVR):
If you want to view live video from your CCTV camera, you need to know how to connect the CCTV camera to the TV wirelessly. There are two common methods.
The first method uses the coax line to connect the camera to a TV. The other method uses the HDMI lead to connect the CCTV camera to your TV.
Before you connect the CCTV camera to the TV wirelessly, you need to turn on the power adaptor. Once connected, you can view the footage while changing the channel on your TV.
If you are not very tech-savvy, it is better to get the help of an expert in this matter. Otherwise, you might end up damaging your surveillance system.
There are many ways to connect CCTV cameras to a TV, including wirelessly. One of these ways is to use a smart TV. Some smart TVs are compatible with HDMI input.
This way, you can watch live footage of your camera on your television. The other option is to use a wired connection.
A wired connection uses a video cable. This video cable connects the camera to the TV. To make the connection, the camera must be turned on and connected to the television. In addition, the TV must have a USB input. If it doesn’t, switch it to the USB input.
Another way to connect a CCTV camera to a TV wirelessly is to use a NetcamViewer Monitor. This device allows you to view live footage of your CCTV cameras without using a computer or a phone. You can also use an IP camera to connect to a smart TV.


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I'm in a project were we would like users to interact with a 3D object. Users should be able to zoom, pan and rotate in all dimensions without using extra tools. I'm looking for best-practice design patterns used in other applications today. Examples of 3D applications using multi touch would be appreciated.
Zen Bound (and Zen Bound 2) is an iPad app (usually installed on the Apple Store demo machines) that involves rotating a 3d shape to bind it in a ribbon. You might track it down; it is all about fiddling with a 3d object and its interface was reasonably intuitive.
PS: don't forget zoom. It becomes really important when dealing with complex 3d objects.
PPS: Look into Google Sketchup for more examples of good 3d interaction. It's not touch-based, but their "sticky tools" approach is a major breakthrough: for example, once you start drawing a line, you can switch tools to pan and zoom and generally reposition the camera to your heart's content, and when you resume drawing a line, it is as if you never interrupted the drawing process.


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1 Biography 2 Interactions 3 Loot 4 See Also A hunter from Lake Silverstep Village, Ivar was well known for his fanciful tales. 110. War of the River Kings - Whiterose Abbey. The best (and most expensive) among it by far is the Ring of Circumstances(note: this it… I guess it has to do with the decisions in the Ancient Tomb. Pathfinder Kingmaker update 1.03 will soon roll out for PS4 and Xbox One players. ... full-scale war between a large group of kobolds and mites ... A subreddit for all things involving Pathfinder Kingmaker made by Owlcat Games. 108. Copyright © 2020 Robin Scott. Love it. Fixed body texture on female goblins for 2.1.0 and newer. 112. The goblin song !!! The First Crown. 110. Help the goblins in composing their war song! War of the River Kings - River Blades' Camp . More of this sort of thing: Pathfinder: Kingmaker – Forsaken Mound Walkthrough Recently added 43 View all 1,139. Burn the skin and mash the head, Goblins here and you be dead! 111. 113. Temperate forest and plains (usually coastal regions) Alignment. I went to the mill, but did not get any information (I scared the goblins,they just ran away) and now I am kind of stuck. God of Poetry. Investigating Varnhold. Nov 6, 2018 @ 10:05am Goblin Tears achievement?! The First Crown. 73. Sign In. Total achievements: 74 You must be logged in to compare these stats to your own 83.7%. Browse all chevron_right; Browse all chevron_right. Pathfinder: Kingmaker – Achievements and Trophies. But I don't know. He asks for 100 gold in return. 1 year ago. God of Poetry. Edit: Ok I found it. Image Name Source Effect Absolver's Cloak: Can be bought from Trader 1 (Rushlight Fields) in Rushlight Fields; Can be bought from Trader 2 (Pitax) in Pitax (City); This cloak grants its wearer a +4 deflection bonus to AC, a +4 resistance bonus on all saving throws, a +4 enhancement bonus to Persuasion skill checks and +1 … View all games. Although goblins are not known as skilled architects, the fortifications look rather impressive. 109. The Path of the Dreams. 0.1% Ultra Rare: 2.03% Ultra Rare: God of Poetry Help the goblins in composing their war song! War of the River Kings - Littletown. War of the River Kings - River Blades' Camp. 3. This quest should begin some time after dealing with the events at the “Pitax River Bend” area as part of the quest The River’s Justice.One of the three areas you’ll have to travel to in order to deal with Irovetti’s varied threats - in this case the beasts Irovetti is loosing on your kingdom - … ... Goblin Merchant ... primordial force has her own interests in the Stolen Lands, and a desire to see new rulers rise… and fall. The elegant, powerful, and open-source mod manager, Upgrade your account to unlock all media content, To enjoy the benefits of Nexus Mods, please log in or register a new account, This author has not provided any additional notes regarding file permissions, JackQW for creating the original goblin race mod in Kingmaker Mod Loader, This mod is not opted-in to receive Donation Points. War of the River Kings - Pitax. The chanter attempts a Performance check against the Will DCs of up to two enemies within 30 feet. ... Make the goblin merchant cry real tears. War of the River Kings - River Blades' Camp. 108. While they fear the bigger races , goblins ’ short memories and bottomless appetites mean they frequently go to war or execute raids against other races to sate their pernicious urges and fill their vast larders. Pathfinder: Kingmaker - Definitive Edition – Trophies PlayStation 4 . War of the River Kings - Pitax Royal Palace. Today I started a new game and then came this problem. Season of Bloom - Other World. See You Yesterday! Goblin Tears Make the goblin merchant cry real tears. You and me both. War of the River Kings - Littletown . Endless War ; Details Proficiency. Log in to view your list of favourite games. This is huge because the default companions (not your hired mercs) are generally pretty poorly made and their stats are all over the place. 1 Description 2 Event 2.1 Celebrate with them 2.2 Attack them 3 Notes This distant mill seems remote and unsafe. All rights reserved. War of the River Kings - Pitax Royal Palace. Mods. Season of Bloom - Unrest in the Streets. Chapter 6 - Sound of a Thousand Screams. Travel: Littletown¶. I was amazingly suprised and entertained by it … Goblins race and goblins jump. Find guides to this trophy here. Source Code Install. 74. 6.2% Very Rare: 8.13% Very Rare: See You Yesterday! This page was last edited on 24 November 2018, at 07:14. Goblin Song (concentrate) The war chanter sings annoying goblin songs, distracting foes with silly and repetitive lyrics. Extract the archive and put the mod folder into 'Mods' folder of the Game (\Steam\steamapps\common\Pathfinder Kingmaker\Mods), Goblins should now be selectable in the character creator. Against All Odds. Magmakojote. Or, rather, in three different times. These goblins gain a +4 racial bonus on Acrobatics and Climb checks. Mother of Monsters. Meet legendary Eldest of Time three times. Pathfinder is a tabletop RPG based off of the 3.5 Ruleset of Dungeons and Dragons. If they don't like you, they can and will hit the road. Apr 20 @ 5:01pm Goblin song This was already best game ever for me, and that was before I heared the goblin song. 19-20 (x2) … Lonely Mill is a illustrated book location in Pathfinder: Kingmaker. Companions have their own personalities and attitudes, as well as unique character development paths. The Loop (Games) Do you like this video?
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Finance Systems and Change Analyst
Salary: £19,730 to £22,659 Per Annum
Post Type: Full Time
Advert Placed: Monday 01 October 2018
Closing Date: Monday 15 October 2018
Interview Date: To be confirmed
The Finance department at the University of Surrey is seeking an enthusiastic and technically-minded individual to join their Finance Systems team. This newly created position offers the opportunity for you to develop your finance and IT skills whilst working in a small team to help deliver significant business improvements.
The Finance Systems team sits within the Finance department at the University of Surrey and is responsible for the maintenance and development of the University’s financial IT applications. The primary finance system is Unit4’s Business World (Agresso) which provides c. 200 users with access to the financial ledgers; purchasing; asset management; project costing & billing; and research costing & pricing functionality as well as all staff with access to claim expenses.
In support of the department’s strategy towards improved reporting, Finance Systems has recently championed the introduction of Oracle’s OBIEE; a Business Intelligence (BI) tool which now makes the University’s financial data available in the form of interactive dashboards and reports.
Having recently upgraded Agresso to the latest available version and implemented BI, this is an exciting time to join the team as we explore the new opportunities which are now available. By working closely with all members of the team you will help us deliver the best possible service to our colleagues throughout the University.
Training will be provided on how our systems have been configured and how key processes operate throughout the department which will enable you to contribute to system improvements in line with the department strategy. You must have strong communication skills, a proactive approach to problem solving and be ready to learn new skills such as IT configuration management, data management and reporting.
If you are interested in developing both your business and technical knowledge whilst supporting a key University department, this is a fantastic opportunity to form the start of an exciting career.
A full job description is attached which will be updated and extended in future to support the individual’s own progression.
For more information and to apply online, please download the further details and click on the 'apply online' button above.
We acknowledge, understand and embrace diversity.

domain: finance


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"A Congress Jim Crow Didn't Attend." In "New Masses"
Price: 45.00 USD
Vol. XXXV, No. 8 (May 14, 1940). An account of the Third National Negro Congress. This issue also contains material by Ben Gold, Isidor Schneider, Alvah Bessie, et al + a full-page William Gropper cartoon. Foxing at bottom of rear cover, paper toning as always; else very good.

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Displaying 1-1 of 1 results for keywords "Buttered Bran Bread"
The English hermite, or, Wonder of this age. [electronic resource] : Being a relation of the life of Roger Crab, living neer Uxbridg, taken from his own mouth, shewing his strange reserved and unparallel'd kind of life, who counteth it a sin against his body and soule to eate any sort of flesh, fish, or living creature, or to drinke any wine, ale, or beere. He can live with three farthings a week. His constant food is roots and hearbs, as cabbage, turneps, carrets, dock-leaves, and grasse; also bread and bran, without butter or cheese: his cloathing is sack-cloath. He left the Army, and kept a shop at Chesham, and hath now left off that, and sold a considerable estate to give to the poore, shewing his reasons from the Scripture, Mark. 10. 21. Jer. 35.
- London, : Printed, and are to be sold in Popes-head Alley, and at the Exchange, 1655.
- 1 resource
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Sofia Parker designed these business cards for Minerva Accounting.
Sofia’s client requested a minimalistic and geometrical logo in the shape of an Owl in order to have that inviting and friendly look.
Sofia went on to collect inspirations from Dribbble, Behance and Pinterest. She searched for images of owls and geometrical shapes, then start sketching out a draft of the owl before using Adobe Illustrator to clean it up and making it geometrical by outlining triangular looking shapes across the image.
Then, she worked with a simple grayscale for this one to keep that minimalistic look and feel.
Sofia’s hard work paid off as the business card design turns out looking great and professional!
Designed by Sofia Parker (Sofia Parker Designs)
For Minerva Accounting


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Generation of donor-specific Tr1 cells to be used after kidney transplantation and definition of the timing of their in vivo infusion in the presence of immunosuppression
Journal of Translational Medicine volume 15, Article number: 40 (2017)
Operational tolerance is an alternative to lifelong immunosuppression after transplantation. One strategy to achieve tolerance is by T regulatory cells. Safety and feasibility of a T regulatory type 1 (Tr1)-cell—based therapy to prevent graft versus host disease in patients with hematological malignancies has been already proven. We are now planning to perform a Tr1-cell—based therapy after kidney transplantation.
Upon tailoring the lab-grade protocol to patients on dialysis, aims of the current work were to develop a clinical-grade compatible protocol to generate a donor-specific Tr1-cell—enriched medicinal product (named T10 cells) and to test the Tr1-cell sensitivity to standard immunosuppression in vivo to define the best timing of cell infusion.
We developed a medicinal product that was enriched in Tr1 cells, anergic to donor-cell stimulation, able to suppress proliferation upon donor- but not third-party stimulation in vitro, and stable upon cryopreservation. The protocol was reproducible upon up scaling to leukapheresis from patients on dialysis and was effective in yielding the expected number of T10 cells necessary for the planned infusions. The tolerogenic gene signature of circulating Tr1 cells was minimally compromised in kidney transplant recipients under standard immunosuppression and it eventually started to recover 36 weeks post-transplantation, providing rationale for selecting the timings of the cell infusions.
These data provide solid ground for proceeding with the trial and establish robust rationale for defining the correct timing of cell infusion during concomitant immunosuppressive treatment.
Circulating T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells with an alloantigen-specific regulatory function have been consistently associated with operational tolerance after transplantation . Alloantigen-specific Tr1 cells can be induced in vitro in the presence of exogenous IL-10 or by tolerogenic IL-10-producing dendritic cells (DC-10) and they are hyporesponsive (anergic) to the alloantigen used for their generation [2, 3]. These IL-10-anergized T cells have been tested as medicinal product in a proof-of-concept trial in patients undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to provide immune reconstitution in the absence of severe graft versus host disease (GvHD) (the ALT-TEN trial) .
The ONE Study—a European Commission FP7-funded consortium-aims to test several distinct haematopoietic immunoregulatory cells as therapies after kidney transplantation from living donors by initiating a series of independent clinical trials based on the same general design . Our group participates in this consortium to test donor-specific Tr1 cells. The ALT-TEN trial already performed was certainly instrumental although the know-how that was developed in this first clinical experience did not necessarily allow performing The ONE Study faster and more efficiently. We overcame the first hurdle of tailoring the Tr1-cell generation protocol to patients on dialysis, yet only at a lab-scale . In this study, we aimed at: (1) defining a reproducible and clinical-grade compatible protocol for the generation of a Tr1-cell—enriched medicinal product for kidney transplant recipients, (2) characterizing the final cell product, and (3) testing the sensitivity of circulating Tr1 cells to immunosuppressive therapy to determine the ideal timing of the medicinal product infusion.
Healthy donors and patients
Peripheral blood, buffy coat or leukapheresis were obtained from healthy donors or renal transplant recipients enrolled in The ONE Study Reference Group Trial (i.e., control group in which patients were treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy) (NCT01656135) after written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki under the protocol approved by the San Raffaele Hospital’s Ethics Committee (IRB #OSR-TheOne).
Generation and characterization of dendritic cells
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation on Lymphoprep (Axis-Shield, Oslo, Norway). IL-10-producing dendritic cells (DC-10) and mature DC (mDC) were generated from healthy donors . Monocytes were isolated by harvesting the adherent fraction of PBMC or by selection with CD14+ microbeads using the AutoMACS system (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and following manufacturer’s instructions. Monocytes were cultured with 10 ng/ml rhIL-4 (GMP-grade, Miltenyi Biotec) and 100 ng/ml rhGM-CSF (GMP-grade, Miltenyi Biotec) for 7 days in the presence (DC-10) or absence (mDC) of 10 ng/ml rhIL-10 (GMP-grade, CellGenix GmbH, Freiburg, Germany). The culture medium was supplemented with GMP-grade fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) or GMP-grade human AB sera (Lonza). mDC were matured during the last 2 days of culture with 5 µg/ml of rMPL-A (GMP-grade, Invivogen, Toulouse, France). At the end of the 7-day cultures, DC-10 and mDC were harvested and irradiated at 60 Gy with a Cs137 source Biobeam 2000 irradiator (Gamma-Service Medical GmbH, Leipzig, Germany). DC-10 yield was measured as: 100× [no. of generated DC-10 cells/no. of plated cells].
Supernatants were collected 48 h after culturing DC-10 in the presence or absence of stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli (5μg/ml, Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, MO). IL-10 released into the supernatant was quantified by ELISA (BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA). The detection limit of IL-10 was 15 pg/ml.
Generation and characterization of Tr1- cell enriched product: T10 cells
CD4+ T cells were isolated from donors different from those used to generate DC by CD4+ microbeads using the AutoMACS system (Miltenyi Biotec) following manufacturer’s instructions. Purified CD4+ T cells were cultured with irradiated allogeneic DC-10 or mDC (10:1 ratio) in the presence or absence of exogenous rhIL-10 (10 ng/ml) for 10 days to generate T10 or control Tm cells, respectively (Fig. 1) . T10-cell yield was measured as: 100× [no. of T10 cells generated/no. CD4+ T cells plated]. To test the generation of donor-specific anergic T cells, T10 and Tm cells were cultured with the original-donor mDC (previously frozen) and cell proliferation was monitored via 3H-thymidine (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) incorporation (counts per min, cpm) in the last 16–18 h of a 3-day culture. Anergy was calculated as: cpm [(T10 + mDC)/(Tm + mDC)] ×100. Supernatants were collected before 3H-thymidine addition and quantification of IFNγ or IL-10 by ELISA (BD Pharmingen) was performed. The detection limit of IFN-γ was 15 pg/ml.
Ability of T10 cells to suppress the proliferation of autologous CD4+ T cells upon donor or third party mDC stimulation was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation in the last 16–18 h of a 5-day culture.
The immune phenotype of in vitro generated DC, T10 and Tm cells was tested by flow cytometry as previously described . The TCR Vβ repertoire was determined with the IOTest® Beta Mark TCR V beta Repertoire Kit (Beckman Coulter, Inc, Brea, CA, USA) following manufacturer’s instructions.
Cells were analyzed with the BD FACS Canto II (Beckton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA) within few hours after staining. Data was analyzed using FCS 3.0 (DeNovo Instruments, Los Angeles, CA, USA).
Dual IFNγ/IL-10 ELISPOT
Dual IFNγ/IL-10 ELISPOT (Diaclone, Besancon, France) was performed according to manufacturer’s instructions with a slight modification: visualization of IL-10 was performed using Vector Blue Alkaline Phosphatase substrate kit (Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA, USA) and the A.EL.VIS 4-Plate ELISPOT Reader (A.EL.VIS GmbH, Hannover, Germany) was used. Analysis was performed using ImageJ (version 1.48, NIH, USA) to quantify IFNγ-producing cells (red spots), IL-10-producing cells (blue spots) or dual IFNγ/IL-10-producing cells (purple spots).
Transcript analysis of purified Tr1 cells
Peripheral blood was collected and PBMC were frozen from patients enrolled in The ONE Study Reference Group Trial at our center at the following time points: 4-weeks pre-transplant, 8- 36- and 60-weeks post-transplant. PBMC were thawed and Tr1-cell sorting was performed using MoFlo Legacy Cell Sorter (Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, USA). To verify the expression of anti-inflammatory genes characteristic of Tr1 cells (as previously described ) and pro-inflammatory genes characteristic of T effector cells (i.e., il-17a, il-1b, tnf, il-6 and ifnγ), QuantiGene 15-plex assay (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was performed following manufacturer’s instructions. Mean fluorescence intensity from the measured beads per gene was reported using Bio-Plex 200 system (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Probe set information is provided in Additional file 1.
Comparisons between groups were performed using Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney test or Wilcoxon matched pairs test depending on the experiments. For all analyses, a two-tailed p value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Comparison of variances was performed using the F-test. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA).
DC-10 generation in compliance with clinical-grade manufacturing
The generation of donor-specific Tr1 cells is contingent to the production of donor-derived DC-10 . The first step in defining a clinical-grade compatible protocol was therefore establishing an efficient and reproducible method for DC-10 generation. Based on the MLR/DC-10 protocol used in the ALT-TEN trial , DC-10 were generated from the PBMC adherent fraction in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) in wells. Due to the availability of GMP-compatible human serum (HS) and guidelines from the regulatory authorities on the use of bovine-derived sera (EMEA/CHMP Guideline on the use of bovine serum in the manufacture of human biological medicinal products—original version EMA/CPMP/BWP/1793/02, and revised version EMA/CHMP/BWP/457920/2012 rev 1), we compared FBS- and HS-supplemented medium during DC-10 generation. The same batch of FBS was used throughout the experiments described throughout the manuscript. Alongside a certificate of analysis, we confirm the availability of a TSA Certificate of Suitability, issued by EDQM via the process of Certification of Suitability of Monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia. DC-10 recovery was better when medium supplemented with FBS was used, yet the intra-experiment variability—determined by the coefficients of variation (CV)—was high (Fig. 2). This high variability could be attributed to the non-specific monocyte selection method, which leads to unpredictable monocyte recovery . Thus, provided methods for clinical-grade monocyte selection are available, monocytes were purified by CD14+ magnetic beads and selected on magnetic columns . DC-10 recovery was less variable upon starting from bead-selected monocytes than from adherence and FBS was necessary to generate sufficient DC-10 numbers (as shown in Fig. 2 and also supported by our unpublished results generated from independent unrelated experiments). DC-10 generated from purified CD14+ monocytes in FBS-supplemented medium had the anticipated phenotype (i.e, CD14+CD86+CD16+) and they produced IL-10, either at steady state or upon LPS activation (Fig. 3) . Based on these data, we concluded that peripheral blood monocyte selection by CD14+ magnetic beads and culture media supplemented with FBS is the optimal clinical-grade compatible approach for DC-10 generation. This conclusion was drawn based on the limited number of DC-10 generated with HS that was incompatible with the clinical need. In addition, DC-10 will be irradiated and kept in culture with recipient CD4+ T cells for 10 additional days in the absence of any bovine-derived products.
T10 cell generation in compliance with clinical-grade manufacturing
A protocol for the generation of cell products to be infused into patients has to be solid and highly reproducible to have the highest chance to be used in clinical trials. Accordingly, buffy coats from eight healthy donors were used for DC-10 generation and buffy coats from eight more donors were used for the isolation of CD4+ T cells. Flasks were used as clinical-grade compatible culture containers to generate T10 cells.
Monocytes isolated from buffy coats with lab-grade magnetic columns (AutoMACS-Miltenyi) had a mean purity of 95 ± 3% (mean ± SD). DC-10 yield in flasks (13 ± 6, mean ± SD) was, as expected, lower than that in wells (23 ± 7, mean ± SD) (Table 1) but all DC-10 preparations in flasks had a tolerogenic phenotype (Fig. 3).
CD4+ T cells isolated from buffy coats with lab-grade magnetic columns had a mean purity of 98 ± 1% (mean ± SD). Average T10-cell yield after 10 days of co-culture with allogeneic DC-10 was 53 ± 31% (mean ± SD) and T10-cell donor-specific anergy was 80 ± 10% (mean ± SD) (Table 1). The T10-cell product was constituted of 96 ± 4% (mean ± SD) CD4+ T cells; the remaining non-CD4+ T cells were donor-derived DC-10 cells that were irradiated and therefore dead or prone to die (Additional file 2). Coefficients of variation were high for both DC-10 and T10-cell yield, probably due to intrinsic differences among donors. The cut off anergy value for classifying T10 cells as anergic towards donor antigens was determined utilizing the “mean minus 2× SD” as statistical method . This method was chosen based on our previous experience in the ALT-TEN trial . Based on the eight T10-cell preparations generated from eight different donor pairs, the anergy cut off of T10 cells was 60%. Thus, T10-cell products for clinical-grade-compatible use will be considered anergic when the value is ≥60%.
Based on our previous murine studies we plan to infuse a total of 2 × 106 T10 cells/kg . Given the DC-10 and T10-cell yield observed, buffy coats would fail to provide sufficient numbers of monocytes and CD4+ T cells to reach the required number of T10 cells. Up scaling from buffy coats to leukapheresis was therefore a necessary step . As a proof-of-concept, leukapheresis from two healthy donors were used as sources of CD14+ cells for the generation of DC-10 cells. To generate T10 cells, leukapheresis from two patients with kidney failure on dialysis were used as sources of CD4+ T cells. This setting mimics exactly the clinical situation that we will face during the future clinical trial. The yield of T10 cells from both donor pairs surpassed the minimum number required for the planned infusions (2 × 106/kg): 11 × 106 cells/kg (#001) and 19 × 106 cells/kg (#002). T10 cells displayed donor-specific anergy higher than 60% (Fig. 4). In addition to this, 3 more donor pairs were recruited in the study and T10 cells were successfully generated from leukapheresis in a GMP-compatible facility (Battaglia et al. manuscript in preparation), further proving protocol up scaling. These data demonstrate that the protocol for the generation of clinical-grade-compatible T10 cells defined by using buffy coats is also applicable to leukapheresis. Additionally, these data confirm our previous work tailoring the protocol to patients on dialysis . A statistically significant positive correlation existed between the expression of the activation marker CD86 on DC-10 and T10-cell yield (Additional file 3). These data suggest that for DC-10 to generate antigen-specific T10 cells in vitro, they need to have an appropriate level of activation.
In vitro characterization of the medicinal product
Additional important functional features of T10 cells, that go beyond the development of the clinical-grade-compatible protocol, were also tested to better characterize the cells that will be infused into patients. As we had previously reported, the medicinal products generated in vitro with DC-10 are enriched in Tr1 cells and are comprised not only of Tr1 cells, but also CD4+ memory T cells that respond to nominal antigens . To test the Tr1-cell content in the T10 cells generated with the clinical-grade-compatible protocol described above, the frequency of CD4+CD45RA−CD49b+LAG-3+ cells (i.e., Tr1 cells ) was tested by flow cytometry. T10 cells contained an average of 6 ± 3% (mean ± SD) Tr1 cells, while control Tm cells lacked Tr1 cells (Fig. 5a). Tr1-cell content in T10 cells generated from patients on dialysis using leukapheresis products was comparable to that in T10 cells generated from healthy donors using buffy coats (open versus closed squares, respectively Fig. 5a). The Tr1-cell content in T10 cells was irrespective of the frequency of Tr1 cells originally present in the starting CD4+ T-cell population, supporting the notion of de novo generation of donor-specific Tr1 cells rather than the expansion of circulating Tr1 cells (Fig. 5b).
Treg-cell function is commonly tested in vitro by means of suppression assays [14, 15]. These assays are cumbersome and difficult to be used as standard tests in clinical-grade labs. However, the demonstration that T10 cells have in vitro suppressive activity further supports their potential efficacy in vivo in patients. The in vitro ability of T10 cells to suppress proliferation of autologous CD4+ T cells in response to donor-mDC was therefore tested. To prove donor-specific regulation, suppression of autologous CD4+ T cell responses towards third party allogeneic mDC was also tested when numbers of T10 cells permitted. Priority was given to anergy tests, being most relevant in the upcoming Phase 1 trial testing the safety of T10 cells. All, except one T10-cell preparation, suppressed in vitro proliferation of autologous CD4+ T cells in response to donor-mDC but not to third party-mDC stimulation proving their antigen-specific regulatory properties (Fig. 6a). Importantly, a positive correlation between Tr1-cell content and the suppressive capacity of T10 cells was observed thus further suggesting that the in vitro regulation of T10 cells is mediated by Tr1 cells (Fig. 6b). Interestingly, a strong correlation was observed when Tr1-cell content exceeded 5% indicating that T10 cell preparations—to have a good suppressive capacity—need to contain at least 5% of Tr1 cells: CD4+CD45RA−CD49b+LAG-3+. To note, one preparation resulted in T10 cells with no suppressive capacity and low Tr1-cell content. However, the anergy level of these T10 cells was 84%, suggesting that even with a low Tr1-cell content these cells remain anergic towards donor stimulation, hence complying with the safety requirement of this medicinal product.
A high number of IL-10-producing cells and a low number of IFNγ-producing cells in response to donor-mDC stimulation was detected by dual ELISPOT in T10 cells, as compared to those detected in control Tm cells (Fig. 7a). This was confirmed by the levels of IL-10 and IFNγ by ELISA in the supernatant of co-culture of T10 cells with donor-mDC (Fig. 7b).
We anticipate the infusion of T10 cells in patients only upon obtaining all safety data (i.e., quality controls and anergy values) on the medicinal product. Thus, cryopreservation of T10 cells is inevitable. However, not all cell products are suitable for freezing and thawing, requiring additional manipulation to restore their functionality upon thawing [16, 17]. We thus aimed at testing cell product viability and safety upon various cryopreservation time-points. All T10 cells had a viability ≥70% upon thawing (after 1, 6 or 12 months of cryopreservation) and preserved their Tr1-cell content (data not shown). All T10-cell preparations tested, remained anergic upon donor-mDC stimulation and preserved Tr1 content when thawed (Fig. 8). For limited cell number availability, the suppressive ability and/or the cytokine production profile of thawed products could not be tested. We gave priority to the anergy test, given that it provides a clear answer on the safety of thawed medicinal products. These data provide evidence that T10 cells can be cryopreserved up to 12 months without losing their viability, stability and donor-specific anergy upon thawing and do not require further manipulation prior to in vivo infusion. Similar data were obtained with the 3 GMP-grade generated medicinal products (Battaglia et al. manuscript in preparation).
Gene signature of circulating Tr1 cells is transiently affected by immunosuppressive drugs
The ONE Study trial with donor-specific Tr1 cells infused into patients undergoing kidney transplantation envisages the concomitant administration of immunosuppressive drugs . Thus, the obvious question on administering cell therapy under active immunosuppression is the effect of the selected drugs on Tr1-cell viability and stability/function in vivo . The ONE Study also included a parallel clinical trial with no cell therapy but standard immunosuppressive treatment, to be used as a reference group for the analysis of cell therapy trials (Additional file 5, detailing immunosuppressive regimen). We aimed at monitoring whether circulating endogenous Tr1 cells preserve their gene signature under standard immunosuppressive therapy: il10 hi , il4 lo , il17 lo , tgfβ hi/int , pd1 hi , granzyme b hi, (reviewed in ). To this aim, circulating Tr1 cells of two patients enrolled in the Reference Group Trial at our clinical site were studied (Additional file 6 detailing immunosuppression dosages and trough levels). The frequency and gene expression profile of circulating Tr1 cells purified from patients after kidney transplant and under active immunosuppression (8, 36 and 60 weeks post-transplant) was compared to those of circulating Tr1 cells purified from the same patients before transplant (4 weeks pre-transplant) and in the absence of any drug treatment. Tr1 cells were detectable in the circulation and were increased in frequency and absolute numbers (Fig. 9a). Tr1-cell frequency peaked at 8 weeks post-transplant then returned to pre-transplant levels in both patients (Additional file 7). This increase was likely due to homeostatic proliferation after induction therapy, as observed in memory CD4+ T cells (Fig. 9b) . Tr1 cells were isolated by flow cytometry-based cell sorting (Additional file 8 for gating strategy). The gene signature typical of Tr1 cells  was slightly diminished (patient #003) or remained unchanged (patient #004) at 8 weeks post-transplant and then returned to pre-transplant levels or heightened at 60 weeks post-transplant (in the two patients, respectively) (Fig. 9c).
These data suggest that Tr1 cells expand along with the CD4+ T-cell memory population and that the Tr1-cell tolerogenic gene expression profile remains stable even under active immunosuppressive treatment. Data are limited to two patients (being the only patients we enrolled in the reference group trial) but they attempted to dissect the Tr1-cell sensitivity to immunosuppression in vivo, a relevant concern that was—to our knowledge—never addressed before. Importantly, these data suggest that the best timing of ex vivo-generated Tr1-cell infusion could be right at the moment of transplant (to reduce inflammation and control alloreactivity) and around 36 weeks post-transplant, when the Tr1-cell signature starts to recover.
Optimization of a clinical-grade compatible protocol for generating donor-specific Tr1-enriched cell medicinal products is a pre-requisite for the planned clinical trial in kidney transplant recipients . In this study we described a clinical-grade compatible protocol that enabled the production of donor-specific Tr1-cell enriched medicinal product (named T10 cells) by coculturing recipient CD4+ T cells with tolerogenic donor DC-10 in the presence of exogenous IL-10 for 10 days. The generated T10 cells are anergic and suppressive towards donor stimulation in vitro, maintain a stable function upon cryopreservation and are successfully produced in clinically sufficient amounts starting from leukapheresis from patients on dialysis. We also demonstrated that circulating Tr1 cells have a limited sensitivity (in terms of viability and gene expression profile) to standard immunosuppressive treatment in vivo.
Several hurdles are encountered when attempting to perform cell therapy clinical trials . First, the protocol for generating the medicinal product needs to be clinical-grade. To that end, we surpassed all the obstacles. Second, a sufficient number of cells to be infused is a prerequisite. Up scaling to leukapheresis could, in some instances, represent a hurdle in terms of sample collection and protocol adaptability . Here we proved that leukapheresis can be collected with no medical contra-indications from patients on dialysis and that both tolerogenic DC-10 and T10 cells can be generated from leukapheresis products.
Another key aspect is the definition of lab tests that ensure safety of the cell product. Within The ONE Study consortium, some groups are using polyclonal Tregs. We decided to invest in the donor-specific Tr1-cell-based therapy in an attempt to promote antigen-specific tolerance. However, the generation of T10 cells with donor-derived DC, although they are tolerogenic and well characterized [3, 7], contains an intrinsic risk of generating alloreactive T cells that, once infused, could be potentially risky for the patient leading to graft rejection. The ONE Study Cell Therapy Trials are feasibility and safety trials . Thus, in vitro assays that prove medicinal-product safety are mandatory. Donor-specific anergy is an optimal assay to test T10-cell safety, while the suppression assay provides indications on the possible efficacy of Tr1 cells in vivo. Accordingly, T10 cells that show no suppressive capacity in vitro but retain donor-specific anergy are considered safe and therefore will be infused in patients participating in The ONE Study cell therapy trial at our institute.
Some groups working with FOXP3+ Tregs as cell therapy products, reported problems with cryopreservation, thus requiring—for instance—further cell manipulation upon thawing [16, 17]. The demonstration that T10 cells are stable and conserve their Tr1-cell content and donor-specific anergy properties upon cryopreservation, allows for flexibility in their preparation and feasibility for more than one infusion.
Whether infused T10 cells retain their viability and function in vivo under treatment with immunosuppressive drugs remains an important open question. One approach to address this issue was by testing the effect of immunosuppressive drugs in vitro on the ex vivo-expanded human FOXP3+ Tregs or by using humanized mouse models . This showed detrimental dose-dependent effects of immunosuppressive treatments on viability and proliferative capacity while sparing the immunosuppressive function of FOXP3+ Tregs. We approached this issue by analyzing the frequency and the gene signature of circulating Tr1 cells collected from renal transplant recipients under active immunosuppressive treatment. Our data suggest that immunosuppressive drugs do not affect Tr1 cells since the cells remain in circulation and a transient change in the intensity of the gene signature is observed. Based on these data, we chose two different timings of T10-cell infusion to increase the chance of obtaining in vivo immune regulation. The first dose will be infused at the time of transplant (for Tr1-cell enrichment just around the transplant period). The second dose will be infused at 36 weeks post-transplant, timepoint in which the Tr1-cell signature is recovering.
Taken together, our results demonstrate the reproducibility of an optimized clinical-grade-compatible protocol for generating Tr1-enriched T10 cells. The necessary following steps for performing the trial in patients are underway.
We describe the steps undertaken to achieve and validate a reproducible optimized clinical-grade compatible protocol capable of generating donor-specific Tr1 cells in sufficient numbers. Additionally, selecting the timing of infusion of Tr1 cells to patients under immunosuppression remains an open question. We provide data assessing the viability and gene signature of circulating Tr1 cells in the presence of active immunosuppression thus supporting our rationale for selecting the timing of the planned infusions. We believe that this study highlights the importance of optimizing and validating Tr1 cell manufacturing protocols to bring them closer to the bedside.
antigen presenting cells
advanced-therapy medicinal products
coefficient of variation
IL-10-producing dendritic cells
fetal bovine serum
good manufacturing practice
graft versus host disease
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
mature dendritic cells
medicinal product constituted of donor PBMC anergized with irradiated host DC-10
peripheral blood mononuclear cells
effector T mature cells
T regulatory type 1
- T10 :
medicinal product enriched in Tr1 cells
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Gregori S, Tomasoni D, Pacciani V, Scirpoli M, Battaglia M, Magnani CF, et al. Differentiation of type 1 T regulatory cells (Tr1) by tolerogenic DC-10 requires the IL-10-dependent ILT4/HLA-G pathway. Blood. 2010;116(6):935–44.
Bacchetta R, Lucarelli B, Sartirana C, Gregori S, Lupo Stanghellini MT, Miqueu P, et al. Immunological outcome in haploidentical-HSC transplanted patients treated with IL-10-anergized donor T cells. Front Immunol. 2014;5:16.
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Petrelli A, Tresoldi E, Mfarrej BG, Paganelli A, Spotti D, Caldara R, et al. Generation of donor-specific T regulatory type 1 cells from patients on dialysis for cell therapy after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2015;99:1582–9.
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Gagliani N, Jofra T, Stabilini A, Valle A, Atkinson M, Roncarolo MG, et al. Antigen-specific dependence of Tr1-cell therapy in preclinical models of islet transplant. Diabetes. 2010;59(2):433–9.
Thurner B, Röder C, Dieckmann D, Heuer M, Kruse M, Glaser A, et al. Generation of large numbers of fully mature and stable dendritic cells from leukapheresis products for clinical application. J Immunol Methods. 1999;223(1):1–15.
Gagliani N, Magnani CF, Huber S, Gianolini ME, Pala M, Licona-Limon P, et al. Coexpression of CD49b and LAG-3 identifies human and mouse T regulatory type 1 cells. Nat Med. 2013;19(6):739–46.
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BM participated in research design, performance of the research, contributed analytic tools, participated in data analysis and writing of the paper. ET participated in research design, performance of the research, contributed analytic tools, participated in data analysis. ASt participated in research design, contributed new reagents and performance of the research. AP participated in performance of the research. RC and ASe participated in performance of the research and writing of the paper. MB corresponding author, participated in research design, data analysis and writing of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Rosa Bacchetta (Stanford University, CA) and Silvia Gregori (San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milano) for helpful scientific discussion. We also thank members of the lab of Lorenzo Piemonti (Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital) and FRACTAL facility (San Raffaele Hospital) for technical assistance. We also thank all the donors who actively participated to this study.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Availability of data and materials
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki under the protocol approved by the San Raffaele Hospital’s Ethics Committee (IRB #OSR-TheOne) was obtained.
This project was funded through a grant to MB from the 7th framework programme of the EU (FP7-HEALTH-2010 The ONE Study; Grant Agreement 260687). BM was supported by the 7th framework programme of the EU (Marie Curie Initial Training Network-FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN), under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 289903: EUTRAIN.
Bechara Mfarrej and Eleonora Tresoldi contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors
Additional file 6. Dosages of immunosuppressive drugs per patient enrolled in The ONE Study reference group at each time point.
Additional file 7. Flow cytometry dot plots of circulating Tr1 cells in two kidney transplant recipients under active immunosuppression.
About this article
Cite this article
Mfarrej, B., Tresoldi, E., Stabilini, A. et al. Generation of donor-specific Tr1 cells to be used after kidney transplantation and definition of the timing of their in vivo infusion in the presence of immunosuppression. J Transl Med 15, 40 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-017-1133-8

domain: health


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Petr Cech backing young Gunners to plug gap left by Per Mertesacker injury - and keeper says Arsene Wenger won't buy for the sake of it
- Arsenal defender Per Mertesacker out for five months with knee injury
- Gunners short on defenders with Laurent Koscielny on extended break
- Gabriel Paulista, Calum Chambers and Rob Holding are defensive options
- Arsene Wenger hunting new blood and Cech backs manager's recruitment
Petr Cech is backing some of Arsenal's more unheralded performers to shoulder the responsibility of replacing the 'great' Per Mertesacker at the heart of the Gunners' defence.
Mertesacker is expected to miss five months with a knee injury sustained in pre-season training. And with the German's fellow centre half Laurent Koscielny yet to report back for club duty following his involvement in France's Euro 2016 campaign, manager Arsene Wenger is currently shy of defensive options.
Wenger is eyeing up potential recruits but for now it is up to Brazilian Gabriel Paulista, 21-year-old Calum Chambers and new signing Rob Holding to pick up the slack.
Petr Cech is confident he'll be well protected by whichever Arsenal defenders play in front of him
Calum Chambers has struggled to impose himself at Arsenal but this could be his time
Arsenal will be heavily reliant on Gabriel Paulista to fill the void left by Per Mertesacker's absence
Rob Holding could be thrown into the deep end with Arsenal after joining from Bolton Wanderers
WHY HE'S WORTH LISTENING TO
With Arsene Wenger keen to add some trophy winning nous to his squad last summer the Arsenal boss landed Petr Cech from Cheslea.
The keeper enjoyed a hugely decorated 11 years across London at Stamford Bridge.
Premier League titles: (4) 2004–05, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2014–15
FA Cup: (4): 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2011–12
League Cup: (3): 2004–05, 2006–07, 2014–15
Champions League: 2011–12
Europa League: 2012–13
'[Mertesacker] is a great player, a great part of the team with his experience,' said Cech.
'You cannot replace a world champion winner just like that because obviously the experience of him, the games he played and he's one of the captains. That says it all.'
Gabriel was a semi-regular in his first full season with the club last year. But Chambers has struggled to carve out a role for himself since joining from Southampton in 2014 - and 20-year-old Holding's experience of first-team football is primarily limited to being a part of Bolton's doomed Championship campaign last term
Nevertheless, 34-year-old Cech is confident the men coming into the 2014 World Cup winner's stead are capable of seizing their moment.
'We will need to make sure that the players who will get their chances to play more, they will take it and they will rise to the occasion,' added Cech, speaking to espnfc.co.uk.
'Hopefully we will be able to start the season well and once he's (Mertesacker) fit he will come back (with us) in a position where we all want to be.
'It's up to (Holding) how he's going to play and how he's going to work. The same is true for Gabriel and Calum Chambers. This is their moment to show the manager they are up to the task.'
Mertesacker's enforced spell on the sidelines has got Wenger searching for reinforcements
Cech, pictured with Arsene Wenger in the US, backs his manager's savvy in the market
Wenger has been linked with a series of high-profile defenders this summer - Valencia's Shkodran Mustafi chief among them - and the Frenchman's pursuit of fresh blood is likely to intensify in the wake of Mertesacker being struck down.
The Gunners boss has been subject to heavy criticism in the past, to the point of being lampooned, for his perceived reluctance to invest in new talent.
But Cech, who moved to the Emirates Stadium last summer after 11 trophy-laden years with Chelsea, believes Wenger plays his hand wisely in the market.
Shkodran Mustafi is being mooted as the potential solution the the Gunners' defensive shortfall
Petr Cech called time on his international career after playing for the Czech Republic at Euro 2016
'I think you need to buy players you need,' said the goalkeeper, who quit international football after playing for the Czech Republic at Euro 2016.
'You need to buy players that will improve the team and not to buy players just for buying.
'That's the philosophy of the club. I've been here since last season and you can see that every time we bring in a player, it's a player we need, and the manager believes he improves the team.'
The fledgling breed of Arsenal defenders have their latest chance to impress when Wenger's side take on an MLS All Stars team in San Jose on Friday.
The Gunners play a further friendly in the States against Mexicans Chivas de Guadalajara on Monday. They then travel to Norway to meet Viking FK, before crossing the border into Sweden for a match with Manchester City.
Cech and Wenger's bid to land their fifth and fourth Premier League titles respectively gets underway when Liverpool visit north London on August 14.
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text:
Reviewed by Nate L. from Boston, MA on Tuesday, September 13, 2011
I own these boots, and wanted to include a review for anyone else considering them. The boots have been great for me - my only complaint was that the heel is tight, and took some breaking in. I usually ski these boots at East Coast resorts, where they rip. I do some backcountry touring (skinning uphill), and the boots are comfortable and light - I love unlocking the cuff for walk mode - not only is it great for touring, it also makes walking across parking lots more comfortable than any ski boot you've ever tried.
Best Uses: Carving, Lift-accessed skiing, Light touring

domain: hobby


text:
So after clearing customs and immigrations and getting the necessary equipment to drive in Singapore, we headed straight for the hotel. We booked rooms at Meritus Mandarin Singapore on Orchard Road. They were doing some renovations in the hotel, but we still had the choice of staying at the Orchard Wing or Main Tower. After getting confirmation that the renovation will not make the room noisy in the Orchard Wing, we picked that. Got rooms on the 14th floor with a view of Orchard Road and me and my brother's room number was 1420.
Photos taken with my Sony DSC-W300.
Listening to Triple C's - Go.
Sent from my MacBook Pro.

domain: travel


text:
Urban Makers Workshops: Punchneedle with The Modern Crafter
As part of our Urban Makers weekend guest market, join The Modern Crafter for this one-off workshop on punchneedle, a type of embroidery where you can punch different materials such as chunky yarn into fabric creating amazing textures.
This workshop, which is suitable for the complete beginner, is ideal for textile and handcrafted lovers who would like to create a beautiful display for their home. There will be a selection of designs to chose from or you can choose to punch your own design.
You will also be able to continue with this relaxing craft at home as the workshop includes all material including a reusable gripper hoop and adjustable punchneedle.
The workshop is priced at £40 per person, book your place here.
11am – 1pm
Mezzanine Level (next to SOMA House)
Old Spitalfields Market


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Deaccessioned June 22, 2017
Object Place: USA
148 x 140 cm (58 1/4 x 55 1/8 in.)
Medium or Technique
Wool twill printed with wool fringe
Square cream-colored wool twill shawl with short warp and weft fringe on all four sides; border design of many kinds of flowers and basket of flowers in each corner printed in polychrome; badly soiled; many stains.
Gift of Miss Eleanor E. Barry


text:
CH HALCYON SLIPPERYWHENWET AT KG SOM/KG RYTHM N BLUES
“Hope” was our first Champion Boxer, she earned her Title at the tender age of 7 months. She earned Multiple Best Puppy In Breed and Multiple Best Puppy In Group awards during her puppy career and as an adult won her first BOB at the Purina Nationals in Tillsonburg in March 2007.
In the summer of 2008, Hope competed in an IABCA show in Gananoque, Ont and recieved 4 perfect scores making her an International Champion as well as CKC.
“Hope” has given us 2 healthy litters with 2 CKC Champions. She is now retired from active showing and breeding but looks forward to competing as a veteran when the time arrives.

domain: pet


|KIT:||LS 1/32 Honda S 600|
|PRICE:||$9.98 from a vendor at the Atlanta Nationals|
|REVIEWER:||Scott Van Aken|
|NOTES:||Motorized (sort of)|
ago, Honda Motor Company was already well known for its high-performance
motorcycles that were capable of winning races like the death-defying Isle
of Man Tourist Trophy. Honda cars simply weren't available—yet. Soichiro
Honda, the company's founder, reportedly told some journalists, "Driving a
car is like sitting in the living room; driving a motorcycle is something
like riding a horse—it's driving and controlling something that is almost
alive." That said, Honda-san was very interested in expanding to automobile
production; but he'd have to wait until his company had attained the size
and the resources.
Honda's first serious effort was the S500, a diminutive two-seat roadster with a 44-bhp, 531-cc four-cylinder, motorcycle-inspired engine. S500's were available in Japan, Europe and the UK, in 1964. Some 1,353 units were sold, but they were never officially imported to the U.S. The following year, the S600 bowed in a race-tuned 606-cc version. It offered 70 bhp @ 10,000 rpm for the then-unbelievable output of 115-bhp per liter. Denny Hulme drove one to a class win at the Nurburgring in 1965, reportedly passing 33 cars on the first lap.
S600s offered 57 bhp with a redlined tach that stretched from 9,500 to
11,000 rpm. Reportedly, the engine was comparatively mild until the 6,000
rpm level was reached, then it developed a calico-ripping snarl that
propelled the 1,640-lb S600 to 60 mph in 17 seconds, and would go on to 94
mph if you didn't mind the hornet-like buzz of its high-revving powerplant.
S600s were also not officially imported to the U.S. Still, a few found
their way here, usually imported by returning servicemen who'd paid about
$1,800 U.S. for them in Japan.
Slightly smaller than a Sprite, Spitfire or Lotus Elan of its era, the S600, while not the quickest of the lot, would keep up with any of them when driven in a spirited fashion. The Honda's sophisticated four-cam, four-carburetor, water-cooled, hemi-headed alloy engine was linked to a differential located just behind it, that in turn ran a sealed roller chain drive setup. Four forward speeds, finned drum brakes, and quick rack-and-pinion steering were all part of the impressive specifications. Suspension was fully independent, with A-arms and torsion bars in front, single trailing links and coil springs in the rear. Inside, no-nonsense vinyl-covered bucket seats and a wood-rimmed wheel appealed to sports car purists of the era.
"Road & Track" borrowed its road test S600 from a reader in 1965, and enthused: "There's no burning of rubber, but the S600 scampers along to good effect and is great fun to drive...the steering and handling of the Honda are excellent by any standards and, frankly, are reminiscent of the much more expensive Lotus Elan than the cars in its own price class." The high-revving four put out just 37.5 lb.-ft. of torque (at 5,500 rpm), so—just like today's S2000—drivers had to keep the revs way up on the scale to get the full effect. The S600 was a true sports roadster. Lollygaggers could choose from several low-revving, bigger-displacement rivals. If you drove an S600, you were considered pretty serious.
Honda sold some 11,284 S600 convertibles and 1,800 coupes from 1964 until production ceased in 1966. The S600 was briefly succeeded by the 791-cc S800, with more conventional shaft drive. Sadly, they're all virtually impossible to find here today.
Article by Ken
Molded in red plastic, this neat little kit is very nicely detailed, especially when one considers that it has to be at least 20 years old, as LS has been out of business for at least that long. It has a relatively well detailed interior with a decal for the instruments. No throttle, brake or clutch pedal is included and the floor of the interior is the inside of the lower chassis pan. There are interior door sections that fit onto the pan. You have to realize that this kit is a curbside and much of the rear of the body has to leave room for the gearbox/motor assembly.
The nicely done clear bits seem to fit into place without too much fuss. These are provided for the windscreen, the rear window, headlights and bezels as well as the tail lights. Strong steel axles are given and the wheel/tire combination just slides onto it. You have the option of top up or down on this kit. No chrome is provided so this will all have to be painted on. Thanks to Alclad II and Bare Metal Foil, this shouldn't be a problem for most of us.
The instructions are entirely in Japanese, but with the clear drawings for the instruction, no problems should be found when building it. Paints seem to be in Gunze callouts, and the small decal sheet is well printed and doesn't appear to be yellowed
Not something sees every day, but it surely looks like a pretty fun kit to build and its diminutive size shouldn't take up a lot of room on the display shelf. Those who are into slot cars may want to consider this for one of their projects as there is plenty of room under the body for the standard rear motored chassis that are currently the rage.
Purchased by me for your viewing pleasure.
Purchased by me for you.
If you would like your product reviewed fairly and quickly by a site that has around 300,000 visitors a month, please contact me or see other details in the Note to Contributors.
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