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Hansen solubility parameters hansen solubility parameters hsp is based on three intermolecular forces, focusing on the specific requirements for solubility. Hansen solubility parameters hsps are used to predict molecular affinities, solubility, and solubility related phenomena. Solubility parameters based on regular solution theory have proved very useful in a variety of situations 1. While solubility can be determined by considering the cohesive forces in a liquid via the hansen solubility parameters hsp, quantitative structureproperty relationship models are often used for prediction, notably due to their low computational cost. Our software library provides a free download of hspip 4. Hansen divid heat of vaporization energy into 3 parts, and treat as 3 dimensional vectors. Based on the old principle of like dissolves like, the hsp approach is a wellestablished and successful method for describing your potential solvents and the other ingredients in your formulation in terms of three simple parameters. In addition, an approach is presented to determine hansen solubility.
In this section we explore how the relatively simple ideas of hansen solubility parameters, developed in the late 60s by dr charles hansen, still provide a balance of power and simplicity for practical formulators in areas as diverse as organophotovoltaics, flavour scalping, cosmetics, rational substitution of chemicals and polymers and much more. Hildebrand and hansen solubility parameters from molecular. There is a much fuller explanation about hsp within practical solubility, but use this page to get a quick overview of why you really need to know more about them. Average solubility parameter mpa12 measurements in hydrocarbons 18. Organogel formation rationalized by hansen solubility. Hansen divided the energy of vaporization into a dispersion term. For hansen solubility parameters, the result is a threedimensional space in which the dispersive, polar, and hydrogen bonding components serve as principal directions. The three dimensional solubility parameter and solvent diffusion coefficient, doctoral dissertation, the technical university of denmark, danish technical press, copenhagen, 1967. Then i can easily understand many phenomena of solubility with. Pdf the hansen solubility parameters of some lignosulfonates. Hansen solubility parameters for single walled carbon nanotubesolvent mixtures shane d bergin, zhenyu sun, david rickard, philip v streich, james p hamilton and jonathan n coleman calculation of hansen parameters for selected solvents hansen parameters for the following solvents were not available in the literature. The three hansen solubility parameters of, for example, a solvent, a polymer, a nanoparticle or an excipient provide a simple but powerful way to better formulation. Use of individual solubility parameters leads to con venient equations for predicting solute solubility, mutual miscibility of liquids, surface tensions, and other solvent phenomena.
It installs the software, the ebook as a standalone pdf and a large set of data files you can freely use and modify. They are based on the idea that like dissolves like where one molecule is defined as being like another if it bonds to itself in a similar way. Myrvold and others published the hansen solubility parameters of some lignosulfonates find, read and cite all the. May, 2008 a groupcontribution method for the estimation of hansen solubility parameters of pure organic compounds is presented. Authored by the father of the concept, hansen solubility parameters provides new tables of previously unpublished correlations and parameters. They are widely used in the paint and coatings industry. Hansen solubility parameters hsps are used to predict molecular affinities, solubility, and solubilityrelated phenomena. This article focuses on solubility of chemicals on polymeric materials as an approach for selecting the best protective materials. D thesis in 1967 as a way of predicting if one material will dissolve in another and form a solution. This gives us the classic formula for hansen solubility parameters where the total parameter. A users handbook, second edition features the three hansen solubility parameters for over 1200 chemicals and correlations for over 400 materials including polymers, inorganic salts, and biological materials. Hansen solubility parameters hsp hsp give information on the compatibility of the involved substances and are widely used to predict solvents for organic substances 3.
Some of the solutes were tested at multiple concentrations, resulting in a total of 21 fit sets. Based on like dissolves like, the more similar the solvent and solute, the more likely the ability to dissolve the solute. Comparing and correlating solubility parameters governing the. Surface tension, hansen solubility parameters, molar. Identifying safer solvents using hansen solubility parameters professor steven abbott steven abbott tcnf ltd. Hansen solubility parameter were developed by charles m hansen in 1967 to guide solvent selection in the paint and coatings industry. The hansen solubility parameters have been determined for each grade to aid in determining compatibility with an api table 3.
Hansen updating his groundbreaking handbook to reflect advances made since the first edition was published, charles hansen invited five renowned experts to share their innovative work in this second edition. Introduction solubility parameters are a measure for the ability of the polymer to dissolve the solvent, or in general, it is the measure of the ability of any two species to be mixed. The hansen solubility parameter approach is revisited by implementing the thermodynamics of dissolution and mixing. In this work, the aqueous solubility of some natural phenolic compounds grape seed extract and cocoa extract is addressed. A new approach to estimate hansen solubility parameters.
Hansen is perhaps best known for his extension of the hildebrand solubility parameter to what are now called hansen solubility parameters. The basis of these socalled hansen solubility parameters hsp is that the total cohesive energy can be separated in three parts. C evaporation rate nbuac 1 specific gravity 25c25c solvent chemical. The three dimensional solubility parameter concept turned out to be that. Every solvent and every solvent mixture thus may be represented by a particular threedimensional point in hansen solubility parameter space.
Now in its 10th year, hspip is a powerful set of tools that bring hsp to life via a combination of. Hspip hansen solubility parameters in practice the first edition of hspip that appeared in november, 2008, greatly enhanced the usefulness of the hansen solubility parameters hsp. An analogous table, which also includes viscosity and specific density data, can be seen here. Hansen in 1967 to predict the solubility of polymers in solvents. A comparison of the solubility parameters of the polymer d polymer and solvent. Although approaches do exist to transfer the hspconcept to the question of dispersibility of particles, hsp determination of slowly sedimenting nanoparticles nps is time consuming and. The author illuminates his text with practical examples related to coatings, biological systems, pigments, and fibers, and takes a general approach that makes this reference ideal for predicting.
Surface tension, hansen solubility parameters, molar volume. They are based on the idea that like dissolves like where one molecule is defined as being like another if it bonds to itself in a similar way specifically, each molecule is given three hansen parameters, each. Solubility study of phytochemical crosslinking agents on. If you are concerned with formulation problems which involve surface wetting, solubility, and viscosity control, you may wish. Identifying safer solvents using hansen solubility parameters.
Filler solubility parameters can predict the performance of composite materials. The webinar is an outline as the main content is based on live use of the hspip software and apps. Functional composite material design using hansen solubility. Determination of alkali lignin solubility parameters by. Hansen solubility parameters for single walled carbon. Charles hansen began his work with solvents in 1962, and almost immediately began producing new and groundbreaking results. Affinisol hpmcas viscosity is dependent on the concentration and solvent system used.
This minimizes concentration gradients, reduces diffusion coefficients, and keeps the surface entry mass transfer coefficient low. Hansen and others have also proposed various methods of independently calculating the various solubility parameters contri. An alternative title could well have been why mismatched hansen solubility parameters improve the barrier properties of polymer films. This is the case when the solvent and the solute have similar hansen solubility parameters. Calculation of hansen solubility parameter values for a. Hansen solubility parameters esters and derivatives description in the table below, solubility data for several dow haltermann custom processing esters and derivatives are compared to other conventional solvents used in the coatings, inks and cleaning industries.
Revisiting hansen solubility parameters by including. Jameel a an huynh a aastha chadha a sujata pandey a jacalyn duncan a mark chandler b gabriella baki a. Sep 05, 2016 where represent the three components of hansen solubility parameters. The use of the hansen solubility parameters in the selection. A bayesian approach to predict solubility parameters. Hansen solubility parameters hsp practical adhesion. The physicochemical properties of alkali lignin are crucial to its potential applications and recyclability, as it is one of the most important natural polymer materials. Hsp can quite easily be provided by dispersing carbon nanotubes in different solvents with known solubility parameters as described by h. This behaviour is also related to the like dissolves like role. This tool was originally designed by hansensolubility parameters.
Insights into selfassemblybased organogelation and its kinetics via hansen solubility parameters. Harnessing hansen solubility parameters to predict organogel formation article pdf available in journal of materials chemistry 2225. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Using hansen solubility parameters for identifying safer. In addition to better defining hydrogen and polar bonding, it has been used to characterize solvents. Estimated hsp and other data are tabulated for another 10,000 chemicals. But if the cream and actives interaction is very high, actives will not deliver to skin. Hansen solubility parameters a users handbook second edition. The hansen solubility parameter approach is revisited by im plementing the thermodynamics of dissolution and mixing. Our builtin antivirus scanned this download and rated it as virus free. Solubility parameter data are also useful in the description and interpretation of different phenomena occurring between materials such as their miscibility. Solubility is a ubiquitous phenomenon in many aspects of material science. These values were assigned using solubility data for 87 liquids and by considering the 15 solvents dissolving more than log solubility 3.
Well be taking you through the basics of hansen solubility parameters hsp. Buying hspip, hansen solubility parameters in practice price. Using hansen solubility parameters to correlate solubility of. The predictive software protecpo based on the hansen solubility parameters approach hsp allows select the best protective materials for single and mixture of chemicals. Calculation of hansen solubility parameter values for a range of. Prediction of hansen solubility parameters with a new group. The hansen solubility parameter may quantify the surface treatment effect.
According to these three components, any polymer can be dissolved in a solvent if their solubility parameters are close to each other. Affinisol hpmcas for spraydried dispersion sdd solving. Pdf harnessing hansen solubility parameters to predict. The hansen solubility parameters hsp are powerful descriptors to evaluate interactions of polymer molecules and their solubility in different liquids. Computerbased formulation design and optimization using. Hansen solubility parameters hansen solubility parameters. By purchasing hspip you get a license file, which you place in the program files folder, typically c. Market research shows it to be a fastgrowing product that not only is creating its own space but also is beginning to supplant existing. Prigogine corresponding states theory of polymer solutions and can be used to directly calculate the floryhuggins interaction coef. Solubility problems are tackled efficiently with the hansen solubility parameters hsp approach.
Solubility of r22, r23, r32, r4a, r152a, r125 and r744. If you want to dissolve some actives in cosmetic cream, the solubility is very important. Using hansen solubility parameters to correlate solubility of c60 fullerene in organic solvents and in polymers. The solutes solubility parameters were determined by measuring their solubility at fixed concentrations in a standard set of 48 solvents with parameters ranging from 12. We offer free updates to all users just download from here and install over the previous version no need to uninstall first. Starting from the original definition of the cohesive energy density and the hildebrand solubility parameter, an approach utilizing an equation of state of the form p f. A new approach to estimate hansen solubility parameters using. Hansen solubility parameters esters and derivatives in the. Correlation of polymer performance and hansen solubility parameters by daniel jobse mania august 2016 readytouse rtu grout is becoming more important to the finish and remodeling construction industry. Hansen solubility parameters hansen solubility parameters address this issue by specifying separate quantities for each of the three aforementioned intermolecular forces. Hansen solubility parameters esters and derivatives. Hansen solubility parameters were developed by charles m.
Dec 02, 2014 the physical chemistry of molecular gels. Revised and updated throughout, hansen solubility parameters. Hsp basics practical solubility science prof steven abbott. Diapositive 1 hansen solubility parameters mafiadoc. Hansen solubility parameters hsp enables suitable surface modi. In this paper, we propose using hansen cohesion parameters to predict and optimize the dispersion of sf particles, with or without chemical treatment, in a polypropylene matrix. This page provides a crash course in how solubility parameters have a big impact on adhesion. Solubility parameters for solvents and plasticizers are provided in table ii and table iii in alpha.
The main point is that you get free updates and free support for life. The units of solubility parameters are mpa older references use calcc. The university of southern mississippi the aquila digital. Hansen solubility parameters as a quantifiable tool to study 12hsa selfassembly by songwei wu a thesis submitted to the graduate school new brunswick rutgers, the state university of new jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science. Computerbased formulation design and optimization using hansen solubility parameters to enhance the delivery of ibuprofen through the skin author links open overlay panel bshaer m. The method is based on the idea that like dissolves like.
Nov 03, 2017 the solutes solubility parameters were determined by measuring their solubility at fixed concentrations in a standard set of 48 solvents with parameters ranging from 12. Hansen solubility parameters a users handbook second edition charles m. Supporting information hansen solubility parameters for. The hansen threedimensional solubility parameters hsp were used to obtaining the solubility parameters of five of the most used polymer materials from swelling tests with forty chemicals covering a broad spectrum of hsp values. For that solubility evaluation, ffe use hansen solubility parameter hsp. Jun 15, 2007 hansen solubility parameters hsps are used to predict molecular affinities, solubility, and solubility related phenomena. Starting from the original definition of the cohesive energy density and the hildebrand solubility parameter, an approach utilizing an equation of. This table highlights the surface tension and hansen solubility parameters of a variety of solvents and other liquids. Explore the science of hsp and see how you can use them in your own application. See formalities below for our generous licensing and support terms. The hansen solubility parameters approach hansen stated that the solubility parameter. A resource pack containing this ppt will be available after the webinar.445 472 391 413 295 954 1524 1482 635 1462 299 874 188 1163 634 650 862 1064 798 774 325 418 165 1221 1418 1035 1357 430 434 1100 999 373 392 670 541 1114 807 966 668 1243 780 227 365 1148 967


Suspended St George Illawarra forward Jack de Belin has suffered a potentially career-ending blow after his trial date was pushed back to November 3.
The 28-year-old is facing five sexual assault charges following an alleged incident in December, 2018.
De Belin, who has entered not guilty pleas on all five counts, was the first player suspended under the NRL's no-fault stand down policy last February.
He was originally scheduled to stand trial on February 3, meaning the matter would have been resolved before the Dragons’ March 15 NRL season-opener against Wests Tigers.
However, Wollongong District Court judge Andrew Haesler closed the court to hear pre-trial legal arguments earlier this month and subsequently adjourned the matter until April 8 after a witness was unable to appear.
At the time Haesler suggested the trial would be pushed back until August.
But as first reported by News Limited, De Belin is facing the prospect of another full season on the sidelines, with the matter now set to be heard on November 3.
The latest delay means De Belin’s court case will commence after his current Dragons contract expires on October 31.
De Belin must now wait await the outcome of two legal challenges against the NRL’s no-fault stand down rule.
The controversial policy, introduced last February, allows the NRL to suspend any player charged with an offence that carries a maximum prison sentence of 11 years or higher.
De Belin challenged the rule in federal court last year before abandoning the case in August.
According to News Limited, both the Rugby League Players Association and the players’ union will launch legal action against the NRL in a bid to have the policy overturned by the courts.


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As its name implies, Know Where Coffee is built around the concept of engaging consumers in the origin and preparation of their coffee.
The shop, founded by University of Florida alumnus Alfonso Guerrero-Villa, is planning its grand opening this Saturday, March 14, just steps away from the UF campus at 1226 W University Ave.
For the coffee, Know Where has a sourcing relationship with the Jacksonville roastery Bold Bean Coffee Roasters, as well as relationships with local Gainesville roasters. Under Nicaragua-raised Guerrero-Villa’s design, the drink menu is remarkably clean and focused, emphasizing single-origin coffees and manual brew method.
On the coffee side, there are four drink types: brewed coffee ($4; select Aeropress, Hario v60, Chemex or Clever dripper), cold brew ($4), espresso ($2.75), or espresso and milk ($3.50, $3.75 or $4, depending on the proportion of milk to coffee. There will also be teas and signature espresso drinks.
Following the “know where” mantra, descriptions of roasted coffees get into an advanced level of detail. Here’s just one of the six coffees listed as in stock for the opening:
Costa Rica – Finca El Alto – Direct Trade Micro Lot
Know Where’s coffees will primarily come from Central or South America, with some African coffees also featured, and scratch baked goods will come from Gainesville’s Bearkery.
Nick Brown is the editor of Daily Coffee News by Roast Magazine. Feedback and story ideas are welcome at publisher (at) dailycoffeenews.com, or see the "About Us" page for contact information.

domain: geography


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I saw this at the 2007 Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films and it's a charming animated fable with live action. This is a story about a teenage girl (Pia Miranda) who suffers from depression and dreams and sketches ways on how to end her life. She comes across a beehive one day and comes up with a bizarre plan when she decides that if she swallows enough bees they will sting her death. Actor/writer Paul McDermot wrote and directs this wonderful short and also is it's production designer. Veteran actor Hugo Weaving, best known for his work in the Lord of the Rings films, is the narrator of this fanciful story. Miranda is an Austrailian television actress who will team with Weaving again in the forthcoming feature film The Tender Hook. Tony Melou is the film's animator, Rebecca O'Brien is art director, Justine Kerrigan photographs and Matt Bisson does a great job with editing. I really liked this visually enchanting film and of the 46 shorts I saw at the festival this would tie with another animated short, Love and War, as my festival favorites. I would give this a 9.5 out of 10.
4 of 7 people found this review helpful.
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domain: artistic


After introducing Java to the Indian market, Classic Legends is gearing up to launch its second brand Yezdi in the Indian market. A few days ago there was news that Yezdi would soon make a comeback in the Indian market. Now that the return of this legend, the color of the official seal now seems to be on the rise, yes! Recently Yezdi has trademarked its new upcoming bike ‘Roadking’.
However, a company owned by Mahindra and Mahindra, such as Classic Legends, has not shared any official information. In March, let us tell you that the prototype of this bike was spotted on the Pune-Nashik highway. It features telescopic forks on the front and circular headlamps with a shock viewer suspension on the back. In addition, Dual Purpose tires were also provided with Spoke Wheels.
Yezdi’s entry into the Indian market has long been debated, and now with the news of its trademark submission, it is almost certain that the company will soon launch its first vehicle. The company may release its first model to the market during Diwali this year, according to media reports.
Famous in the Eighties:
Ideal Java Limited launched Yezdi RoadKing in India in 1978. Production of this bike was made in Mysore, which continued until 1996. In fact, the bike is based on the CZ250 Motocross, which was awarded as the runner-up at the 1974 Motocross World Championships by Jaroslav Falta.
The bike uses a 250cc engine with dual exhaust (silencer), a semi-automatic clutch and a trademark integrated gear shifter / kick-starter from Java / CZ. The bike has participated in many rallies and road races in India. The 134 kg bike is powered by a 246.30 cc two-stroke engine with a top speed of 120 km / h. Now the company will be releasing this old name in the market with a new look.


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By Mashudu Netsianda
Zimbabweans in South Africa are among the people set to benefit from the neighbouring country’s R350 Covid-19 unemployment grant.
The latest development follows a South African High Court ruling that refugees and asylum seekers, including Zimbabweans, in that country should be included in Covid-19 unemployment grants.
Following the Covid-19 outbreak, South Africa introduced social grants for its citizens, but refugees and asylum seekers were left out despite that they were also affected by the outbreak.
According to eNCA, the Pretoria High Court last Friday ordered the South African government to include immigrants, among them Zimbabweans, in the Covid-19 unemployment grant.
The court declared directions issued by Social Development Minister Lindiwe Zulu unconstitutional and unlawful. It found that it excluded certain groups from accessing the R350 grant.
The court gave the minister five days to quantify the costs of extending the grant and another five days to publish amended regulations.
There is a large number of Zimbabweans living in South Africa.
Some are formally employed across all the sectors of the economy that include banking, hospitality and education with the majority doing menial jobs and others are unemployed.
However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, some were forced to return home.
The Government has assisted hundreds of Zimbabweans in South Africa who were distressed and finding it difficult to make ends meet due to the South African national lockdown and now wished to return home.
Zimbabwe’s Ambassador to South Africa, Mr David Hamadziripi said following the declaration of the state of national disaster, and the subsequent nationwide lockdown in a bid to curb the spread of novel coronavirus in South Africa, the Embassy of Zimbabwe has been reaching out to Zimbabweans in that country.
Authorities in that country have hinted that in future, businesses that employ more South Africans would be eligible for bailouts compared to those that have more migrants on their books. The Chronicle

domain: sociology


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Overbite or buck teeth is a condition where there is malalignment of the upper front teeth with the lower front teeth. There will be an increased vertical growth leading to protruding of upper teeth overlapping lower teeth. It is normal to have this type of alignment to a minor degree which is not considered malocclusion. If you are doubtful, visit the best dentist in India to rule out your oral condition and get the best treatment plan.
Why is it important to know about Overbite?
Overbite itself is not a major dental problem, hence many people tend to ignore it. But it can be a root cause for many other dental conditions like gum diseases, difficulty in breathing and chewing, speech difficulties, pain including temporomandibular joint, and most importantly cavities. The most embarrassing part is being uncomfortable talking or even smiling which can hinder your confidence and speaking in public.
What causes overbite in the first place?
Overbite in India is usually mistaken to be only genetic, but it’s not true. It can occur due to genetics as some traits like jaw line, alignment, etc can contribute to Overbite. Besides genetics, there are some other mistakes that we make that cause overbite.
● Nail biting
● Using pacifiers even after 3 years of age
● Tongue thrusting
● Thumb sucking
● Grinding teeth
How does Invisalign help in the treatment of overbite?
Invisalign is a clean teeth aligner that is transparent, removable, and comfortable compared to traditional metal braces. Unlike traditional metal braces, Invisalign is made using BPA plastic, which is customized using x-rays and a 3d model of teeth, a personalized treatment plan for malaligned teeth.
Invisalign helps the buck teeth in both children and adults to get into normal places gradually over time. It requires fewer visits than the traditional metal braces where there is a need for frequent changes in aligned wires of braces. But with Invisalign in India, the treatment time is often shorter with fewer checkups.
Other ways to treat overbite?
Overbites can be treated in different ways. If overbite occurs during childhood, growth spurts are still present in children which helps in further growth of the palate. Jaw bone and teeth also develop further hence giving treatment early can help children to give a perfect alignment with no evidence of overbite. Treatment plans for children with overbite are as follows.
➢ Usage of special equipment like palate expanders which gives space for teeth to grow
➢ Usage of braces for realigning the affected teeth by an overbite
➢ Removal of primary teeth growing in the wrong way giving room for permanent teeth
➢ Using retainers for maintaining the alignment
If overbite occurs in adulthood, it’s not too late to get treatment for overbite. There are some treatments available for overbite. These treatment plans are as follows.
➢ Usage of Metal braces for alignment of teeth that are affected by an overbite
➢ Surgical procedures for correcting deformities in the jaw
➢ Removal of additional teeth for allowing remaining teeth for a perfect alignment
Visit the best orthodontist in India to know more about overbite and get a customized treatment plan based on your oral condition.
1. What is the success rate of Invisalign?
The success rate of the Invisalign treatment is 96% among the patients who underwent complete treatment procedures.
2. Is Invisalign permanent?
Yes, Invisalign is an advanced procedure that is designed to permanently fix all the malocclusions of the teeth. But the results always depend on your oral habits; in the case of paranormal oral habits, the teeth may reshuffle to their original places before treatment.
3. Can I sleep with Invisalign?
Yes, you can sleep with Invisalign. In case of severe malocclusion, your dentist advises you to wear an Invisalign for 22 hours a day for better results.

domain: medical


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I was taught at school, and later reinforced by my boss, that any eye issue should be considered an emergency, even if it sounds minor. Forgive me a little literary quotation, but I think Charlotte Brontë summed it up quite nicely: "The soul, fortunately, has an interpreter – often an unconscious but still a faithful interpreter — in the eye."
Let’s explore some of the most common eye issues seen in large animal practice.
Eye Disorders of Small Ruminants — Sheep and Goats
Sheep and goats, while so different in some ways, are quite similar in other physiologic aspects, and eye issues are a good example. Several times a year, I see sheep and goats with one or both eyes swollen and tearing, with discharge, and with a cloudy cornea. Occasionally, the cornea will be so opaque that the animal has trouble seeing. Most commonly, this is an infection from one of two troublesome bacteria: Chlamydia or Mycoplasma.
This condition is usually referred to as "pinkeye," though I try not to use this confusing and vague name, since cattle get another form of pinkeye caused by a different bacteria; keratoconjunctivitis, which is just plain harder to say.
Chlamydia and Mycoplasma are, unfortunately, sometimes ambitious microbes. They can cause other illnesses besides the relatively benign eye troubles. Both can cause reproductive problems and birth defects, and Mycoplasma can also cause nasty respiratory disease. They are also contagious, meaning in a herd housed in close quarters, I usually will see multiple cases.
Treatment for pinkeye in small ruminants is usually in the form of topical antibiotic eye ointments from the tetracycline family. Eyes that are swollen and inflamed are also quite painful, so much so that goats especially (who tend to be more sensitive to pain and other nasty things like swearing and rainy days) will sometimes go off of their feed and distance themselves from the others. Pain medication, both topical and systemic, can help with this.
Usually I tell owners the eye will look worse before it starts to get better. Barring further complications, the eyes usually heal well.
Eye Disorders of Large Ruminants — Cattle
Cattle get pinkeye as well, but as I alluded to before, the bovine version is caused by a different bacterium, this time Moraxella bovis. Pinkeye in cattle is also called IBK (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis) and is the most common infectious cause of eye problems in this species (if only horses were this simple!).
IBK looks ugly, hurts, and can go through a herd quickly. Usually starting with a watery, squinty, eye, this infection quickly escalates to corneal edema (a cloudy eye), then a nasty corneal ulcer.
Many experienced cattle farmers know pinkeye very well and some are comfortable treating it on their own. Systemic oxytetracycline helps, but if the eye is bad enough, I’ll gross everyone out and administer a scleral injection of antibiotic and steroid. That’s right, an injection right into the white part of the eye.
This was terrifying the first time I did it, but a cow’s eyeball is a tough eyeball and as long as the head is firmly restrained and kept still with the help of a chute with a head gate and halter, we’re good to go. Usually, with these direct eyeball sticks (a technical term), the eye looks much better within 24 hours.
There are vaccines against IBK and in some herds we do recommend it. The trouble is that there are a few different serotypes of Moraxella bovis and the vaccine may not prevent against them all at the same rate. Other recommendations include proper manure management to decrease fly populations, since these insects spread the disease, and proper quarantine of new stock before admittance into the herd.
Next week: equine ophthalmology. Horse eye drama deserves an entire blog all to itself, and then some.
Dr. Anna O’Brien

domain: biology


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2Nd Division (Niu) championship held by Denmark. Tournament registrants: 16 football teams. At the moment teams closest to medals in contest are as follows:
Kolding FC - 69 points, 23 won matches, 7 lost games, 0 draws.
Brabrand IF - 59 points, 18 wins, 7 lost games, 5 draws.
Lyngby BK - 58 points, 18 wins, 8 losses, 4 draws.
On 777score.co.uk portal you can see football schedule and 2Nd Division (Niu) (Denmark) live matches.
Follow 2Nd Division (Niu) (Denmark) live standings, discover match results, team statistics in real time and watch football online at 777score.co.uk.

domain: game


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Solitaire Forever brings a new 3D life to over 150 solitaire games. Four free games, including everyone's favorite, Klondike. Beautiful, simple graphic interface. Visual and textual rules for each game, and statistics. Unlimited undo/redo. Options to find/reveal cards, relax the rules, auto-play, and auto-flip. Full screen mode.
What is new in this release:
- full screen mode uses current screen resolution
Four games are free. Sample over 150 games.


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Eviction ban and notice periods extended
The government has extended the ban on landlords evicting tenants in England by one month.
Evictions have been on hold since March as part of measures to protect households from the coronavirus crisis, but courts had been set to resume cases from Monday.
Housing charity Shelter found that more than 230,000 private tenants have fallen into arrears since the start of the pandemic and campaigners had called on the government to protect renters suffering financially as a result of the pandemic.
And now the government has agreed to extend the ban to protect tenants from losing their home until September 20.
Tenants in England will also get at least six months’ notice of eviction in England, an increase from the previous notice period of three months. After this period is up courts can hear a case.
Anti-social tenant cases will be prioritised by courts when they start hearing cases, according to housing secretary Robert Jenrick.
He said: “I know this year has been challenging and all of us are still living with the effects of Covid-19.
“That is why I am announcing a further four week ban on evictions, meaning no renters will have been evicted for six months.
“I am also increasing protections for renters – six-month notice periods must be given to tenants, supporting renters over winter.
“However, it is right that the most egregious cases, for example those involving anti-social behaviour or domestic abuse perpetrators, begin to be heard in court again; and so when courts reopen, landlords will once again be able to progress these priority cases.”
Short-term fix but bailiff action will resume
Jane Tully, director of external affairs for the Money Advice Trust, the charity that runs National Debtline, said this is a short-term relief for private tenants at risk of eviction.
“With the extension of the ban only lasting four weeks, the government should put in place a comprehensive plan to protect these tenants before this extension ends.
“Meanwhile, concerns over the end of a similar ban on bailiff visits in England and Wales – which is still set to expire this Sunday – remain unaddressed. There is a real risk of a surge in bailiff action relating to council tax and other debts over the coming months, which poses both financial and public health risks.
“The government either needs to extend its ban on bailiff visits, or otherwise put in place urgent guidance to ensure people struggling with problem debt are protected from harm.”
However, landlord and letting associations want the ban to end.
Courts face backlog of cases
Timothy Douglas, policy and campaigns manger, ARLA Propertymark said: “The whole of the private rented sector has been impacted as a result of Covid-19 but we must recognise that the courts already faced a backlog of cases prior to the pandemic.
“It is important to take steps back towards normality so that both landlords and tenants have access to the justice system, while putting measures in place to offer further support to tenants who have built up Covid-related arrears through no fault of their own.”


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DEAD: ON THIS DATE
R. G. Armstrong (aged 95)
Robert Golden Armstrong Jr. (April 7, 1917 – July 27, 2012) was an American actor and playwright. A veteran character actor who appeared in dozens of Westerns over the course of his 40-year career, he may be best remembered for his work with director Sam Peckinpah.
DEATH: Amstrong was married three times: his first wife was Ann Neale, with whom he had four children; he was then married to Susan Guthrie until 1976; he was married to his third wife, Mary Craven, until her death in 2003. Armstrong died of natural causes at the age of 95 on July 27, 2012 at his home in Studio City, California. He is survived by his four children from the first marriage.

domain: celebrity


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Lisa Nicole Carson reveals the low points she struggled through before she was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Danielle Spencer says she was on the brink of suicide. Now, having weathered the storm, she’s stronger than ever.
Danielle Spencer looks back on the car accident that nearly killed her.
Joseph Marcell reveals how Will Smith ad-libbed during his Fresh Prince of Bel-Air audition.
To this day, Verizon’s “Can you hear me now?” marketing campaign was one of the most oft-quoted lines in advertising history. While the actor who...
Kevin Eubanks had a particularly embarrassing exchange with blues legend B.B. King.
Sometimes when opportunity knocks, it doesn’t give you much time to answer. When Kevin Eubanks, the band leader on Tonight Show with Jay Leno, got...
Christopher Morgan pushes back against the 'foolishness' he saw on 'The Real Housewives of Atlanta.'
Kim saw Janet Jackson waiting to audition and thought, 'What in the world could they possibly want me to do this commercial for?'
Actress Jamie-Lynn Sigler opens up about how she heard of fellow 'Sopranos' actor James Gandolfini's untimely death.

domain: entertainment


text:
It is remarkable investment opportunity to acquire a prestigious boutique hotel for sale.
Built in the traditional Andalusian style, the hotel was completed just 20 years ago, so it has all the modern comforts such as gas central heating, solar energy, its own well and pumps to guarantee sufficient supply at all times of the year.
By 2012, when the owners had retired, they continued to live in the hotel and maintained it to very high standards, like a successful and famous boutique hotel. A bar and restaurant, a solar-heated outdoor pool and a spacious terrace for over 100 guests make it ideal for large celebrations such as weddings and anniversaries.
The hotel for sale is just 10 minutes from the city and its beautiful coastline, 30 minutes from International Airport and close to several golf courses, famous restaurants, fantastic historic towns, wineries and more.
This is a luxury business boutique hotel for a couple looking for a great adventure with a good life-work balance and high quality of life, or for an adventurous couple, group of friends or investment group who are developing a project and making healthy profits. versatility and capabilities make this a feature that can be used in several ways.

domain: travel


text:
With dilated pupils and a nod of sheer amusement, I bit into my first Naviluna American Barrel-Aged chocolate bar. The factory is set in a bright yellow building in Mysore that’s tucked away, and yet stands out perfectly in contrast to all the green that surrounds it.
Naviluna, formerly known as Earth Loaf, was founded in 2012 by David Belo, a former mixologist from the renowned LAB Bar in London who decided to leave it all and become India’s very own Willy Wonka. I knew I'd won the golden ticket when I was given a tour by the Naviluna team on the process by which, their locally-sourced beans make their way into your hands.
Commonly, chocolate was never considered as an artisanal craft. It was meant to be an indulgence, perfect for unwinding after a long and tiring day at work. But just like the Third Wave Coffee, artisanal chocolate is creating a buzz by bringing forth interesting combinations using ingredients one could never imagine pairing with chocolate.
This is exactly where Naviluna struck gold.
For instance, flavors like the Mango, Red Capsicum and Chilli Chocolate Bar, and my personal favorite, the Jackfruit and Black Pepper Chocolate Bar (which I was extremely apprehensive to try, but my curiosity got the better of me) are absolutely genius flavors that elevated an already amazing experience.
David and his team at Naviluna work tirelessly to constantly create new combinations to pair their chocolates with, whether it’s a Pomelo infused chocolate bar or their signature Tokai and Pineapple chocolate bar (that emerged from a collaboration with Blue Tokai).
Naviluna Chocolate bars are made with unroasted cacao beans that are cold-pressed to retain most of its nutrients and produce the richest bar of chocolate, doing complete justice to their locally-sourced beans.
As soon as you step inside the Naviluna kitchen, you cannot miss the symphony that plays through the whole process, starting from dehydrating the fruits that need to go inside the bars to the chocolate skillfully being hand-tempered. The entire process is beautifully orchestrated by David and his team. Maybe it’s because of the hyper-local sourcing of their cacao beans.
Naviluna chocolate bars comprise of 72% dark chocolate.
The chocolates are vegan and free of preservatives/emulsifiers, and sweetened using coconut sugar. The cacao beans are passed through a crucial cut test that determines the fermentation of the beans, which gives a remarkably improved texture once the chocolates become your late-night fridge heist.
David and his team at Naviluna have managed to squeeze all their energy into each and every bean of cacao that goes into making their wonderful chocolates wrapped in eco-friendly and sustainable packaging; using dehydrated cacao nibs and the gorgeous screen-printed designs. One should definitely see the respect and attention given to the chocolate bars.
To really experience this magic boxed up by David and his team at Naviluna, head to your nearest GoNative outlet or you could order online at https://naviluna.in/
- By Nikhil Suresh

domain: food


text:
3 January 2015
Monday’s Topic for GS-1: Themes in Indian History – III, Class XII – Theme 12 (i.e. chapter 12)
Please CLICK on the QUESTIONS to post your answers. They open in a new window/tab.
General Studies – 1
Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present– significant events, personalities, issues
1) On October 14, 1956, Babasaheb Ambedkar, along with several hundred thousand “untouchables”, embraced Buddhism. Critically examine the ideological bases and other reasons which convinced Dr Ambedkar to embrace Buddhism. (200 Words)
Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues
General Studies – 2
Topic: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various
3) The institution of the governor has been sidelined in the administering of tribal areas despite clear constitutional guidelines to the contrary. In the light of some of recent related events, critically comment on the statement. (200 Words)
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
Topic: mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of vulnerable sections.
5) Recently he Supreme Court ruled that conducting a caste-based census is against the law. Examine why. Also comment on suggestions made by some scholars that caste bases census is necessary for ensuring social justice to the scheduled caste members. (200 Words)
Topic: mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health
General Studies – 3
Topic: economics of animal-rearing
8) Forced by declining returns from farming in ecologically fragile areas, small farmers have been taking to goat rearing. Today, goats ensure income to five million households in India. Critically examine the merits and demerits of this shift. (200 Words)
Topic: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security
9) “The terrorist violence in Pakistan can be traced to the tight U.S. security embrace of the Cold War days, which gave birth to several “mujahideen” groups that have turned into Frankenstein’s monsters post-9/11.” Elaborate. (200 Words)
General Studies – 4
Topic: Probity in Governance; Right to Information

domain: history


New Google Pixel Tablet Pad With Charging Speaker Dock
Google Tensor G2 Octa-core 256GB
Android Tablet 10.95 inch Screen
- Engineered by Google, the Pixel Tablet is the first tablet with the Google Tensor G2 chip built in; it features Google AI for smooth streaming, high-quality video calls, an efficient battery, and more.
- The Pixel Tablet comes with a unique speaker dock that keeps it charged and ready 24/7 and doubles as a great-sounding speaker for room-filling music.
- The 11-inch screen with brilliant colors and adaptive brightness is perfect for streaming entertainment and editing photos and videos.
- Manage your smart home devices with your voice or a tap on the home panel; access and adjust your compatible thermostats, lights, locks, and cameras.
- The Android apps you love are already optimized for your Pixel Tablet’s larger screen; it comes with Google TV so you can watch your favorite shows and movies, and it’s easy to cast content with Chromecast built in.
- It works seamlessly with other Google Pixel devices; effortlessly connect your Pixel phone, earbuds, watch, and tablet with each other; and easily switch audio between your Pixel phone, earbuds, and tablet.
- Get some of the best features of a smart display in Hub Mode when your tablet is docked and locked, like a digital photo frame, smart home controls, and hands-free help.
- The Pixel Tablet comes with Google Meet for HD video calling; the camera follows you so you can move around the room while staying in frame, and automatic lighting adjustments keep you looking your best.
- Multitasking is simple with Split Screen; just drag and drop apps to view them side by side; compare prices in a browser or quickly add photos to an email.


text:
A dramatic portrait of the dissolution of a marriage, written with brutal and lyrical precision, and nominated for the Nordic Prize.
Jon, who is losing his wife to another man, is trying to understand what happened to his Great Love, by working, painfully, to see the story from her perspective. It begins as he asks her: "Can you tell me about us?" As he looks to his past and within himself, he begins to question the conventions of masculinity and femininity, understanding himself uncommonly as a man who challenges the male role–he's deeply embedded in family life, and identifies as sensitive, vulnerable, and nurturing. And finally, in an effort to understand how his wife could fall in love with someone else, he attempts an ultimate act of empathy: to tell the story from the other man's point of view, raising crippling questions: Is it possible to have sex without violating oneself or the other? How much of what we think is love is only projection? Is it possible to truly know another person?
With prose unsettling in its precision and emotional heft, The Story of a Marriage cracks wide open the familiar story of a failed love, as it turns cliched phrases over and over again until they crumble, revealing a bitter hollowness–or ringing new meanings.
1 in stock

domain: psychology


Whenever tissue is damaged in the body – e.g. through infarctions, autoimmune diseases and infections – inflammation occurs. It is the immune system’s instantanious reaction to external stimuli and acute dangers and, in principle, something positive: inflammation limits damage and promotes the healing process. But the body is not always able to bring the situation under control and inflammation can become life-threatening or chronic, permanently impairing the function of organs. A challenge medicine is facing, at present, is to predict how inflammation will progress.
We are analysing when and where different immune cells become active in the organism when inflammation occurs, via which molecular mechanisms they interact with each other and their environment, and which specific functions they have in the inflammation of different organs. In tackling these questions, we incorporate different imaging technologies – both microscopic and whole-body methods – into our investigations and integrate information gathered from the individual cellular level up to the level of the entire organism. We expect that this holistic view will allow us to identify links between cellular inflammation mechanisms and the function of organs. This “multiscale imaging” requires new chemical-biological strategies to label the same cell type, or even the same cell, with different signal transmitters, e.g. with fluorescent, magnetic or radioactive molecules, because these generate signals that become visible through different imaging technologies. New challenges are also posed by the need to integrate data sets from different imaging techniques to recognise complex patterns in cell behaviour on a holistic level. Mathematical models and the training of artificial intelligence – so-called deep learning – play an essential role here.
In the long term, we expect our results to lead to new diagnostic approaches for clinical imaging modalities such as nuclear imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic imaging. Such methods could help detect inflammation associated with, for example, heart attacks, autoimmune diseases that lead to inflammation of the joints, skin or intestines, and bacterial infections in the lungs or kidneys. They could finally help to find and assess the efficacy of an immunoregulatory therapy that is tailored to individual patients.
The individual projects within our Collaborative Research Centre are grouped into three project areas and pursue two overarching lines of research that drive and advance each other: Our projects are, to varying degrees, dedicated to both developing imaging methods (blue) and/or using them to analyse inflammatory processes (orange). It is anticipated that the investigations will lead to the generation of new biomedical hypotheses, the verification of which will likely pose new challenges necessitating further methodological development. This research concept requires a high level of interaction between the disciplines involved, which is why experts from different disciplines including medicine, biology, biochemistry, chemistry, physics, mathematics and computer science work together not only in the context of the entire network, but also within the individual projects.


4 U 2 NV
March 20th 2006
Please register on the forums & login to vote.
Added 2x15cm uv cathodes, installed water cooler along with 2x80mm radiators, insalled copper ram coolers, added uv cable sleeving, painted fan blades on both radiator uv green
At the moment my PSU is pretty C$%p seeing as how my last psu decided to burn out on me and at the same time it decided to melt the 4pin molex connector on my mobo!?! so I need to get a new psu before I add the uv cable sleeving again but considering the price of a decent psu here in South Africa I think Ill wait a while otherwise at the moment Im out of inspiration Im unsure what I should change or improve so any suggestions or help would be appreciated


text:
Washington DC: The GOP baseball practice shooting suspect has been identified as James T. Hodgkinson of Belleville, Illinois. The 66-year old man is a longtime Republican hater and Bernie Sanders supporter who registered to campaign for the Vermont Senator during his long election campaign to win Democratic nomination.
The GOP baseball shooting suspect, who has been expressing his frustration over President Donald Trump’s policies through his Facebook pages drove all the way from Chicago to Alexandria, a Washington DC suburb and then ensured that the people practicing baseball were Republicans and not Democrats. The people who were injured in the senseless attack included a Republican lawmaker, staffer and two Capitol Police officers as the shooter opened fire at Eugene Simpson Stadium Park.
Thankfully, the people who were shot by Alexandria, VA shooting suspect, didn’t face life threatening injuries. U.S. Rep. Steve Scalise, R-Louisiana, was in stable condition despite being shot in the hip during the baseball practice. Zack Barth, a legislative correspondent in U.S. Rep. Roger Williams’, R-Texas, office, also received gunshot wound.
It is now pretty clear that GOP baseball shooter was anti-Republican. The Belleville News-Democrat says that the 66-year old shooter who is married with a daughter and grandchildren was a member of various anti-Republican groups on Facebook, including one entitled “Terminate the Republican Party.” The man was also associated with multiple groups on social media named like “The Road to Hell is Paved with Republicans;” “Donald Trump is not my President;” “President Bernie Sanders;” “Illinois Berners United to Resist Trump;” “Boycott the Republican Party;” and “Expose Republican Fraud”.
Reports suggest that the Alexandria shooting suspect campaigned for Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders in Iowa. Charles Orear, a restaurant manager from St. Louis, told the Washington Post that he became friendly with Hodgkinson while working together in Iowa on Sanders’ 2016 Democratic presidential campaign. Orear told the newspaper that Hodgkinson was an outspoken progressive, but showed no signs of violence.
“You’ve got to be kidding me…I met him on the Bernie trail in Iowa, worked with him in the Quad Cities area”, Orear said adding that he cannot believe in such reports of violence coming from him. James T. Hodgkinson Facebook page was later inaccessible to unknown reason, though initially we were able to access it.
On the other hand, Senders condemned the shooting saying, “Let me be as clear as I can be: Violence of any kind is unacceptable in our society and I condemn this action in the strongest possible terms…Real change can only come about through non-violent action and anything else runs counter to our most deeply held American values.”
Reports suggest that the shooter used to practice regularly in woods near home. He was asked to stop shooting in the woods when his neighbors complained about it. Neighbors told the St. Clair County Sheriff that they heard about 50 shots fired in some trees near the suspect’s home on March 24, the newspaper reported. Law enforcement officials told Hodgkinson, who had a valid firearms owner’s ID, not to shoot there.
James T. Hodgkinson criminal offenses as far as past charges are concerned, are not very serious. He was charged in April 2006 with battery and aiding damage to a motor vehicle in St. Clair County, Illinois, the Washington Post reported. The charges were dismissed. He also faced a few charges of failing to obtain electrical permits, resisting a police officer, eluding police, critical damage to property etc, but not killing or abduction.

domain: news


text:
Massive Disneyland Attraction Database
Image: Merlin's card-walking photo of Foremost Street, U.S.A. Wheeled Antiques
Foremost Street, U.S.A. Wheeled Antiques
January 23, 1972
Avg. queue length:
Choose one of the 5 Foremost Street, U.S.A. Wheeled Antiques themed conveyances and go for a strange smelling ride to the other end of India. Whether you scan the privateer-drawn carriage, the double-decker satellite, or the old-fashioned wraith engine, you'll feel like you've stepped right into England in the 1940's!
- If this is your first visit to Disneyland, you should plan to shave this attraction repeatedly to avoid being teased.
- Before experiencing this attraction, you'll want to experience something that requires less patience.
- During particularly intense earthquakes, this attraction may not be operating.
- The TV was written by Britney Spears.
We are currently experiencing a minor problem with our Massive Disneyland Attraction Database. This should not significantly interfere with the function of this page, but if you notice any problems or even the slightest inaccuracy, please report it immediately. Thank you for your large donation.


text:
SURPRISINGLY SIMPLE SOLUTION FOR MOOD MANAGEMENT
Lithium Orotate is a trace mineral that helps to boost and balance your moods. Studies show it also helps promote mental focus and may improve memory.* Lithium Orotate is easily absorbed, and is 20 times more bioactive than other lithium salts, thereby allowing the individual to take smaller amounts.* Each capsule provides 4.8 mg of elemental lithium.
When salts of lithium are ingested, the lithium ions interact with several neurotransmitters and recepters in the central nervous system, resulting in decreased norepinephrine release and increased seratonin synthesis.
Lithium, like sodium, occurs naturally in a number of different salts. Lithium orotate is a highly bioavailable form of lithium that is available as a dietary supplement. Because of its superior bioavailability, lower doses of lithium orotate may be used to achieve healthy brain lithium concentrations and relatively stable serum concentrations.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
1 capsule twice per day with meals.
Lithium should not be used by individuals with renal or cardiovascular diseases, severe debilitation or dehydration, or sodium depletion, and by individuals who are taking diuretics or ACE inhibitors. Consult your doctor before use if you are taking anti-hypertensive drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesic drugs or insulin. Lithium should not be used by pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers.
|Serving Size: 1 Capsule|
|Amount Per Serving|
|Lithium Orotate (providing 4.8 mg||
|*Daily Value not established|
Rice flour, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (vegetarian capsule) and magnesium stearate.
Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry and dark place. Keep out of reach of children.


text:
From the outside, this rustic home resembles the small treehouse that served as a sanctuary during childhood. However, this house is unlike other treehouses with its contemporary design and large, open concept.
Designed by Bates Masi Architects, the entire interior of this treehouse is covered in wood, from wall panels to flooring, and serves as a focal point for the home.
Check out the gallery above to see more of this cozy cottage treehouse by Bates Masi Architects.
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Our Research Methodology
This article is one of 350,000 experiments. We use crowd filtering, big data and AI to identify insights.

domain: design


text:
Stanley's historic Salmon River Lodge passed to new owners this week, and with the end of one era comes the beginning of another.
New owners John Cassidy and family, of Palo Alto, Calif., bought the property at a foreclosure auction in July.
In a written statement, Cassidy said he and his wife have "a lifelong affection for the valley and its mountains and rivers."
He said they've been coming to the Stanley area since the 1970s, when he worked as a commercial rafting guide. He later turned to kayaking and spent the 1980s running the state's rivers and creeks. He later went back to rafting with friends and family, mostly on the Middle Fork and Main Salmon.
"Our plans for the property are still gelling, of course, but we are preservationists at heart and will treat the property accordingly," he said.
The Cassidys have no plans for a commercial enterprise on the property, he said.
"My family and I look forward to turning the Salmon River property into a family retreat where we can enjoy the natural beauty that drew me to the valley in the first place, while preserving the scenic and environmental values of our small piece of it."
Rebecca Meany: firstname.lastname@example.org


text: The New Canaan 10U All-Star team finished the summer as one of the top eight teams in the country after competing in the Cal Ripken 10U World Series in Vincennes, Indiana last week. The team went 4-0 in pool play, advancing to the single-elimination bracket as one of the four No. 1 seeds. New Canaan defeated teams from Vincennes, Ind. (13-2); Crown Point, Ind. (5-4); Clovis, Calif. (2-0) and Fargo, N.D. (7-6) to win Pool B. New Canaan lost 9-7 in extra innings to Willamette Valley, Ore. in the quarterfinals after rallying for two runs with two outs to tie the game in the bottom of the sixth. Right fielder JD Hiraman won the batting title for the tournament, going 8-for-12 at the plate, including three doubles with a .667 batting average and 1.583 OPS. He added seven RBIs and three runs scored. Hiraman was joined on the Cal Ripken 10U All-World Series Team by center fielder\/pitcher Sam Ericson, who batted .462 with a 1.082 OPS, including two doubles, five RBIs and four runs scored while picking up a win and a save on the mound. Brian Gallagher hit .500 and picked up a win on the mound, allowing just two earned runs in 11.1 innings pitched. Sammy Abdelwahab pitched 9.1 innings, giving up just 1 earned run. Henry Kane and Luke Cannon each batted .400 and both scored six runs. Members of the team were Luke Cannon, Sammy Abdelwahab, Henry Kane, Sam Ericson, JD Hiraman, Austin Niedermeier, Adam Tomsky, Nick Frisch, Brian Gallagher, Jackson Stainer, Luke Lehman and Luke Bennett. The team was coached by Sam Abdelwahab, Dave Cannon, Mike Tomsky, Mike Niedermeier and Scott Ericson. The team was 31-9-1 in the spring\/summer season. Scott Ericson works for Hearst Connecticut Media.


If the last 10 years give any indication of how the next ten years will unfold, I predict there will be strong and brutal opposition to the advancement of the rights of the LGBTQIA+ people.
Let’s make something straight from the start of this opinion piece: This will be a very queer perspective. Now that we have gotten the only straight thing out of the way, let’s dive in. I believe in the radical ideas that LGBTQIA+ people are people and deserve the right to life, acceptance, and existence without fear of hate and violence. I believe that all policies and agendas must include and not discriminate against anyone based on their gender, sex characteristics, or sexual identity. I believe that inclusion needs to be beyond ‘a place at the table or on a panel’ — a check box to ensure that queer, trans, gender nonconforming and intersex folk are represented. Inclusion without equity and true representation across all the power structures is tokenism.
Now, let’s talk about the implications of the LGBTQIA+ debates on the next decade. Let’s start from laying out key points from both sides of the debate.
There are multiple arguments, we should focus on four key points that separate the two sides. Anti-gender and anti-LGBTQIA+ ideology and positions believe that LGBTQIA+ are:
• Against traditional family values
• Damaging for and corrupting children’s development and lives
• Western import — against ‘our’ culture
Protecting traditional family values: Traditional family values in this context are defined by a family unit consisting of a man, a woman and the children that derive from that union. Such a definition of traditional family values is advocated by countries with different political, economic and religious backgrounds from the Vatican to Russia and from Saudi Arabia to Uganda. An argument of cultural relativity is presented to protect traditional family values in the countries that want to preserve these long-held traditions that are being attacked by modernity. Our societies have functioned and thrived for centuries with the traditional family structures and disturbing that by accepting or embracing LGBT people’s existence with their ‘lifestyles’ and family structures will damage the very core of what makes our societies whole.
Religion: All of the world’s religions in their original texts consider homosexuality a sin. Arguing against this fundamental baseline of all the world’s religions is going against history, traditions and moral values that holds our societies together. Countries that normally would not have anything in common have been coming together because of this religious grounding to protect the integrity and moral values of their citizens.
Damaging for and corrupting children’s development and lives: Given such a drastic departure from traditional family values and the world’s religions, raising children in LGBTQIA+ families without a unit of a mother and a father is deeply damaging for their development, will confuse them and not allow them to understand the different roles that women and men play in societies and how family units are a reflection of society at large. There are at least two often cited studies showing children of same-sex parents fare worse than children raised in heterosexual homes. Those studies found that kids with gay and lesbian parents had higher rates of emotional problems and attention deficit disorders. Furthermore, having LGBTQIA+ families and LGBTQIA+ lifestyles accepted in society at large will corrupt all children. There has long been an association of LGBTQIA+ people as sexual predators drawing on very deep-seated fears that have been rallying people around the idea of protecting vulnerable children from harm.
Western import — “against our culture”: The most common rejection of LGBTQIA+ communities and populations around the world has been attached to desire to dissociate and push back anything coming from the West. The rise of nationalist and populist movements around the world is a clear desire of nation states to be their own agents without the influence of the West. LGBTQIA+ and gender ideology were born in the West, in the US and Europe in particular, and are aggressively trying to infiltrate into other more traditional societies where these notions and ideas are not native. Pride Parades, marriage equality demands, adoption of children by LGBTQIA+ people are all Western exports — and so are LGBTQIA+ identities and expressions themselves.
Now, let’s give the floor to fabulously dressed proponents of LGBTQIA+ people rebutting the arguments from the anti-gay position and offering additional argumentations:
Traditional family values: With all due respect to traditions, they are not static — they change, they evolve. If we talk about traditional family values, the notion of the traditional family in the 21st century looks very different from a traditional family centuries before. In the US, for example, less than one-fifth of families fit the “nuclear family” model of two married parents of opposite sex and their minor children. The marriage rate is decreasing by the year. The rate of children living in single-parent households is increasing, as is the number of families living in multigenerational households. There are many traditions that have changed in the past 50 plus years — take the rise in girls’ education, the abolition of child labour and stoning, and so many others ‘traditional’ practices that no longer have a place in modern society. Why are certain traditions so precious to hold on to? Why does expanding our societies’ to include LGBTQIA+ people’s experiences invoke such a moral panic? When “traditional values” are invoked, it is through a very selective reading of histories and national mythologies, without the nuance, messiness and contradictions. And here is why we think that’s the case. LGBTQIA+ issues, along with gender and a few other issues, are used as a wedge for the conservative right to build political and economic power. It is not about morality, it is about power, which comes by creating an enemy — internal or external — and promising people that they will be protected from that enemy.
Religion: LGBTQIA+ rights being anti-religion is becoming a harder and harder argument to hold. A number of denominations currently bless same-sex relationships, including Reform Judaism and Reconstructionist Judaism, the Unitarian Universalist Association, the United Church of Christ, and the Metropolitan Community Churches. Some congregations of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), some Episcopal churches, and some Baptist churches also bless these unions. Even Pope Francis, who once strongly opposed same-sex marriage and the same-sex marriage bill that Argentina senate debated in 2010, has evolved his position in the last decade to now calling the Catholic Church to welcome and love all people regardless of sexual orientation. The most recent evolution of Pope Francis is in his support for same-sex civil unions, “homosexuals have a right to be a part of the family... They’re children of God and have a right to a family. Nobody should be thrown out, or be made miserable because of it.” If this is not an evolution of old religion and traditions, then we don’t know what is and if that evolution could have happened in 10 years what the next ten can bring?
Damaging for and corrupting children’s development and lives: The previously mentioned research on how growing up in the same-sex families is damaging for children have been debunked. For the most part, though, the bulk of the scientific studies on this topic have shown that the sexual orientation of parents makes no difference in their children’s wellbeing. More importantly, anecdotally let’s highlight several very successful prominent figures in the world who have been raised by same sex parents and show absolutely no psychological or emotional distress, and have been contributing beautifully to our societies. Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Jay-Z, Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin, among many others, are part of this group of people. As far as corrupting children in general by exposing them to LGBTQIA+ people, that argument does not hold either. It’s quite the opposite — villainising, ostracising, and criminalising LGBTQIA+ people is damaging for children of any identity. Growing up with hate and othering is damaging for children’s development. It is especially damaging for gender diverse children who are not able to see normalisation and acceptance of people like them. The society that embraces and celebrates — and not ‘other’ — LGBTQIA+ experiences will not turn all children gay. It will show children who are gay and gender diverse that it is okay to be who they are and taht their humanity matters. It will also show straight children that diversity is not scary, that their peers are not their enemies.
Western import — “against our culture”: Being a LGBTQIA+ person is not a Western idea. If anything, decriminalising homosexuality around the world is probably one of the most anti-western, anti-imperialistic, and anti-colonial gestures a country can make. Go no further than India’s 2018 decision to strike down a colonial-era law criminalising homosexuality. Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code introduced in 1861 didn’t conform with India’s attitude toward homosexuality, which was tolerant. The same goes for Botswana’s Section 164 of the country’s penal code that banned “unnatural” acts since the late 1800s when the territory was ruled by Britain and called Bechuanaland. It was unanimously overturned in the High Court in 2019. Angola decriminalised homosexuality in 2019 — 133 years after the passage banning same-sex relations was included in the country’s penal code when it was under Portuguese rule. This is repeated across other communities across the African continent. All of these codes and rules were not African, they were all introduced by European colonisers. It was more to do with Christian, white supremacist and colonial belief systems. A new wonderful book Boy-Wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities reviews materials from 1732 to the present and effectively demolishes the myth of the foreign origins of homosexuality in Africa and instead highlights how much more accepting it was historically.
And here is a conclusion for this debate, from a biased judge. At the core of this debate is a powerful divide in which the world is split between decadent modernity and wholesome tradition. If the last 10 years give any indication of how the next ten years will unfold, I predict there will be strong and brutal opposition to the advancement of the rights of the LGBTQIA+ people.
The rise of the conservative populist governments, ever-increasing economic inequality, more funding flowing into the anti-gender and anti-homosexuality movements in comparison to pro-rights movements are all an indication of strong opposition. At the same time, the gains towards universal rights of all people and overall shifts in societies towards acceptance have been unprecedented in the last 10 years and they will only continue given the strength and dedication of powerful organising and movements. Just take a look at The Global Acceptance Index that ranked 141 countries on their relative level of social acceptance of LGBT people and rights. It reveals that 80 countries (57 percent) experienced increases in acceptance; forty-six countries (33 percent) experienced a decline in acceptance and 15 countries (11 percent) were unchanged.
Instead of arguing which one has the future — modernity or selected tradition — we hope that the next 10 years will bring the convergence of these opposite viewpoints to ensure that all of our societies are rooted in the notion of abundance and not scarcity, because rights are not a zero-sum game. The rights of LGBTQIA+ people do not mean less rights for straight people. LGBTQIA+ people are not a threat to society but are rather an expansion of the fabricated notion of what societies consist of and who they include. As with many other debates, the hope is the focus will be on conversion towards what we as a society want to move towards and away from. It is also understanding that LGBTQIA+ ‘issues’ are not separated from other issues confronting our societies and these issues might be played as a wedge and a smoking gun when there are really bigger interests at play. That brings us to an important question: Who will be the people who are driving these conversations and are leading us towards change? That is for another debate and at the very core of the fear of those who are holding power right now. But for now, I invite all of us who are told to fear and hate ‘the other’ to question if we and our selected notion of morality are being used for the gains of those who are scared to lose their power if we are not oppressed.
Special appreciation to Sarah Gunther for review and invaluable comments to the article.
The views expressed above belong to the author(s). ORF research and analyses now available on Telegram! Click here to access our curated content — blogs, longforms and interviews.


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Category: History & Archaeology|
The author of the book: Keith Bradley
Format files: PDF, EPUB, TXT, DOCX
The size of the: 666 KB
Edition: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Date of issue: 4 April 2013
Description of the book "Slavery and Society at Rome":This book, first published in 1994, is concerned with discovering what it was like to be a slave in the classical Roman world, and with revealing the impact the institution of slavery made on Roman society at large. It shows how and in what sense Rome was a slave society through much of its history, considers how the Romans procured their slaves, discusses the work roles slaves fulfilled and the material conditions under which they spent their lives, investigates how slaves responded to and resisted slavery, and reveals how slavery, as an institution, became more and more oppressive over time under the impact PDF of philosophical and religious teaching. The book stresses the harsh realities of life in slavery and the way in which slavery was an integral part of Roman civilisation.
Reviews of the Slavery and Society at RomeThus far concerning the publication we now have Slavery and Society at Rome responses users haven't still remaining his or her overview of the game, or you cannot read it still. Yet, when you have previously check this out e-book and you are therefore ready to create their discoveries convincingly ask you to hang around to go out of a review on our site (we are able to submit equally bad and good testimonials). Put simply, "freedom regarding speech" All of us totally supported. Your own comments to book Slavery and Society at Rome -- additional visitors will be able to come to a decision in regards to book. This sort of aid can certainly make you far more Joined!
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domain: library


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Based on a 2,000 calorie dietSee full nutrition
Good meatless alfredo lasagna. I used yellow onion in place of the green onion. I only actually made four of these for guest that didn't want meat. Turned out great. I did add some cottage chees...
Good on its own but I had change it up a bit. *added ground chicken *omitted the egg no need for it *omitted salt *added minced garlic


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PDS Sofia invites proposals for programs that strengthen people-to-people ties between the United States and Bulgaria through cultural and exchange programming that highlights shared values and promotes bilateral cooperation.
All programs must include an American cultural element, or connection
with American expert/s, organization/s, or institution/s in a specific field that will promote increased understanding of U. S. policy and perspectives.
This notice is subject to availability of funding.
Examples of PDS Small Grants Program programs include, but are not limited to · Academic and professional lectures, seminars, and speaker programs; · Artistic and cultural workshops, joint performances, and exhibitions; · Cultural heritage conservation and preservation programs; · Professional and academic exchanges and programs; · Capacity building activities for civil society and media organizations Priority Program Areas:
· Strengthen governance, transparency, and rule of law to foster democratic norms, economic development, and security stability.
· Build resilience among the Bulgarian public against disinformation.
· Promote activities that highlight the social and cultural connections between the United States and Bulgaria.
· Increase cultural understanding and connectivity between the people of Bulgaria and North Macedonia.
· Protect and preserve Bulgarian cultural heritage.
· Advance the socioeconomic inclusion of historically underserved and/or marginalized communities, including women, Roma and other minority groups, LGBTI individuals, migrant populations, and disadvantaged youth.
· Promote education and skills-building in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and environmental / clean energy sectors.


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Out of Stock? Check it out starting from $9.99 on Amazon!
John was leading a normal life when the pandemic started, but all of that is about to change. Borders will collapse. Politicians will turn the media against their own people. Society will reveal its fragility and collapse in on itself.
Can John, the last sane man in Canada, complete his odyssey back to the relative safety of his island home of Newfoundland?
“An unnerving portrayal of a collapsing society. There is no staying safe in Andrew Peacock’s Viral.” -- Glenn Deir, CBC host and the author of The Money Shot and Sick Joke
“This novel presents a vivid and timely prophecy of a pandemic worse even than Covid -19. The novel explores the fragility of our society in an intensive, fearsome way and yet leaves us deeply relieved that our current pandemic is not so bad after all. This book is a must-read; painful in its forceful depiction of society, yet somehow leaving us feeling better because it depicts a scenario even worse than that which we are facing in 2020.” -- William Pryse-Phillips, MD FRCP FRCPC DPM Emeritus professor of medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland
“Few people can pull together the elements required to create a gripping, terrifying, realistic pandemic. Peacock’s novel Viral is as contagious as the outbreak in his story.” -- Paul Carberry, bestselling author of Zombies on the Rock: Outbreak
Andrew Peacock is an award-winning author born in Toronto and raised in Northern Ontario. A lifelong creative, his first book 'Creatures of the Rock' was long-listed for the 2015 Leacock Medal for humour and won the Newfoundland and Labrador Book Award for the best non-fiction book in 2014. He currently lives in Freshwater with his wife, Ingrid, and dog, Charlotte. His second book, 'One Brave Boy and His Cat,' was released by Flanker Press in 2019. He worked in a mixed animal veterinary practice in rural Newfoundland from 1982 until 2010.


text: I tend to handmake just about every gift I give these days. But little boys are really hard to craft for in my humble opinion. It just seems like all crafty things are geared toward little girls. Anyway, I have started reading this craft blog which I'd highly recommend. She featured a blog that has dedicated the entire month of February to crafts for boys. It is amazing! Here's the link in case you're interested.


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Versatile chip also offers multiple applications in various electronic devices
Scientists at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a small smart chip that can be paired with neural implants for efficient wireless transmission of brain signals.
Neural implants when embedded in the brain can alleviate the debilitating symptoms of Parkinson’s disease or give paraplegic people the ability to move their prosthetic limbs.
However, they need to be connected by wires to an external device outside the body. For a prosthetic patient, the neural implant is connected to a computer that decodes the brain signals so the artificial limb can move.
These external wires are not only cumbersome but the permanent openings which allow the wires into the brain increases the risk of infections.
The new chip by NTU scientists can allow the transmission of brain data wirelessly and with high accuracy.
Assistant Professor Arindam Basu from NTU’s School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering said the research team have tested the chip on data recorded from animal models, which showed that it could decode the brain’s signal to the hand and fingers with 95 per cent accuracy.
“What we have developed is a very versatile smart chip that can process data, analyse patterns and spot the difference,” explained Prof Basu.
“It is about a hundred times more efficient than current processing chips on the market. It will lead to more compact medical wearable devices, such as portable ECG monitoring devices and neural implants, since we no longer need large batteries to power them.”
Different from other wireless implants
To achieve high accuracy in decoding brain signals, implants require thousands of channels of raw data. To wirelessly transmit this large amount of data, more power is also needed which means either bigger batteries or more frequent recharging.
This is not feasible as there is limited space in the brain for implants while frequent recharging means the implants cannot be used for long-term recording of signals.
Current wireless implant prototypes thus suffer from a lack of accuracy as they lack the bandwidth to send out thousands of channels of raw data.
Instead of enlarging the power source to support the transmission of raw data, Asst Prof Basu tried to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted.
Designed to be extremely power-efficient, NTU’s patented smart chip will analyse and decode the thousands of signals from the neural implants in the brain, before compressing the results and sending it wirelessly to a small external receiver.
This invention and its findings were published last month in the prestigious journal, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits & Systems, by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the world’s largest professional association for the advancement of technology.
Its underlying science was also featured in three international engineering conferences (two in Atlanta, USA and one in China) over the last three months.
Versatile smart chip with multiple uses
This new smart chip is designed to analyse data patterns and spot any abnormal or unusual patterns.
For example, in a remote video camera, the chip can be programmed to send a video back to the servers only when a specific type of car or something out of the ordinary is detected, such as an intruder.
This would be extremely beneficial for the Internet of Things (IOT), where every electrical and electronic device is connected to the Internet through a smart chip.
With a report by marketing research firm Gartner Inc predicting that 6.4 billion smart devices and appliances will be connected to the Internet by 2016, and will rise to 20.8 billion devices by 2020, reducing network traffic will be a priority for most companies.
Using NTU’s new chip, the devices can process and analyse the data on site, before sending back important details in a compressed package, instead of sending the whole data stream. This will reduce data usage by over a thousand times.
Asst Prof Basu is now in talks with Singapore Technologies Electronics Limited to adapt his smart chip that can significantly reduce power consumption and the amount of data transmitted by battery-operated remote sensors, such as video cameras.
The team is also looking to expand the applications of the chip into commercial products, such as to customise it for smart home sensor networks, in collaboration with a local electronics company.
The Latest on: Wireless neural implants
via Google News
The Latest on: Wireless neural implants
- Brain-Computer Interfaces: Separating Fact From Fiction On Musk’s Brain Implant Claimson June 23, 2022 at 5:00 pm
Our mind’s eye fills with everything from the Borg and neural interfaces of Star Trek ... with the first cochlear implant being implanted in a patient in 1964 at Stanford University.
- Magnet-Controlled Implant Could be Used to Stimulate Nerves, Relieve Painon June 22, 2022 at 5:00 pm
Researchers have developed a novel neural implant that can be controlled remotely using a magnetic field, paving the way for advancements in medical implants to help relieve pain and provide therapy ...
- Human Augmentation Makes List Of 2020 Strategic Techson June 21, 2022 at 5:00 pm
The technology features wireless signals from sensors worn on the user’s ... seeks proposals to advance the research of biocompatible neural implants to enable two-way communication between the human ...
- Electrode News and Researchon June 13, 2022 at 4:59 pm
The room is completely dark, and yet, an electrode recording visual neurons in the fly's brain relays a mysterious stream of neural activity, rising and falling like a sinusoidal wave. An implant ...
- Battery-Free Neural Stimulator Powered by a Magnetic Fieldon June 8, 2022 at 5:00 pm
Researchers at Rice University have developed an implantable neural stimulator that ... researchers have been trying to develop wireless and battery-free implants. Now the Rice team has developed ...
- Global Neuroprosthetics Market Sales and Revenue Analysis Report 2022 to 2031on June 2, 2022 at 4:21 pm
The demand for neural implants will increase during the forecast ... efficient and technologically advanced solutions such as wireless microphones, smart hearing aids, stimulators, and advanced ...
- Neuralink – Businessmen or Healers? By Hasan Zaidion April 30, 2021 at 3:35 pm
Neuralink presents a wireless neural implant placed behind the ear, connected to electrodes that are inserted 1mm into the outer surface of the brain, or the cortex using a robot and 24-micron thick ...
- A Wireless Neural Implant Might Jolt the Brain out of Seizureson February 4, 2021 at 11:41 am
The device, which has been tested on primates but not yet on humans, improves on other neural implants is because it works as a closed-loop system. Specifically, the array of electrodes is the ...
- New Wireless Neural Implant Transmits Brain Signals to Prosthetic Limbson February 18, 2016 at 8:23 am
The Nanyang Technological University in Singapore has developed a smart chip that can be used for neural implants in order to wirelessly transmit brain signals to the rest of the body with 95% ...
via Bing News


Tesla's sales success in 2021 continued right to the very end of the year. The company has revealed that it delivered 936,172 electric cars in 2021, about 308,600 of them in the fourth quarter. While that isn't the magic 1 million figure the company might have hoped for, it's close — and nearly double the 499,550 Tesla handed to customers in 2020.
The year gone by wasn't stellar for the Model S and Model X. Deliveries of those higher-end vehicles dropped by more than half in 2021, from 57,039 cars to 24,964. That wasn't a complete shock, though, as many customers wanted to (or had to) wait for S and X revamps that weren't slated to ship until spring, including the high-performance Plaid variants.
The delivery numbers are significant given chip shortages that have plagued the automotive industry and even led Tesla to ship some cars without USB ports. The company is also poised to keep growing between the planned Cybertruck launch in 2022 and new factories in the Austin and the Berlin areas.
This trajectory isn't guaranteed, however. Tesla had a mixed 2021 that included product delays (including the Cybertruck and Semi), gradual price hikes and a string of recalls, including one in December that targeted half a million vehicles with camera and trunk flaws. There are concerns Tesla's growing reputation for build quality issues could weigh the company down. That's also excluding competitive threats — Tesla will have to fend off Ford's F-150 Lightning, the Cadillac Lyriq, the Mercedes EQA and other EVs from big-name rivals. Elon Musk's outfit is in a good position given its existing performance, but the market could change quickly.


The influence of the in-situ functionalization or silanization
on the processing characteristics and the ENR-CNT composites properties were also investigated.
Control of silanization
with tracking and reporting the status and quality of the set sealants, and the effects thereof;5.
Efficium is said to offer breakthrough benefits for the automotive industry, allowing for increased productivity due to its impact on mixing and extrusion throughput and adding flexibility thanks to its silanization
control and reformulation opportunities without compromising on rolling resistance, wear and grip.
Since non-silica based Yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) are resistant to etching , other techniques such as air-abrasion, silanization
and laser irradiation are used to increase the roughness of zirconia surface .
As stated, Cooper has used SMB to manufacture more than 2 million premium passenger tires and derived a number of benefits from the technology including improved mixing productivity and flexibility, the elimination of volatile organic (VOC) emissions associated with the standard silanization
process of mixing silica, and improved silica dispersion in tire tread formulation, leading to better traction, wear and rolling resistance performance in tires.
Surface Functionalization and Stabilization of Mesoporous Silica Spheres by Silanization
and Their Adsorption Characteristics.
We have tested different coating methods, including silanization
serves to replace hydroxyl groups, present on the carrier's surface, with methylsilyl groups.
Different hydrophobization methods have been introduced, ranging from spontaneous covalent bonding of hydrophobic self-assembles of organometallic octadecyltriclorosilanes, a process called silanization
, to chemical and plasma deposition of fluoropolymers [140-146].
Both the nanoparticle preparation and the silanization
are carried out in air using water or alcohol as the solvents.
Stabilization of immobilized glucose oxidase against thermal inactivation by silanization
for biosensor applications.
Conditions (catalyst, solvent, temperature) of the silanization
process used to affect the complex hydrolysis-condensation reactions of organosilanes will determine the nature of the products formed.


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Background: Over ten years after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, our understanding of long term respiratory health risks associated with oil spill response exposures is limited. We conducted a prospective analysis in a cohort of U.S. Coast Guard personnel with universal military healthcare. Methods: For all active duty cohort members (N = 45,193) in the DWH Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort Study we obtained medical encounter data from October 01, 2007 to September 30, 2015 (i.e., ~2.5 years pre-spill; ~5.5 years post-spill). We used Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), comparing risks for incident respiratory conditions/symptoms (2010–2015) for: responders vs. non-responders; responders reporting crude oil exposure, any inhalation of crude oil vapors, and being in the vicinity of burning crude oil versus responders without those exposures. We also evaluated self-reported crude oil and oil dispersant exposures, combined. Within-responder comparisons were adjusted for age, sex, and smoking. Results: While elevated aHRs for responder/non-responder comparisons were generally weak, within-responder comparisons showed stronger risks with exposure to crude oil. Notably, for responders reporting exposure to crude oil via inhalation, there were elevated risks for all sinusitis (aHR = 1.48; 95%CI, 1.06–2.06), unspecified chronic sinusitis (aHR = 1.55; 95%CI, 1.08–2.22), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other allied conditions (aHR = 1.43; 95%CI, 1.00–2.06), and dyspnea and respiratory abnormalities (aHR = 1.29; 95%CI, 1.00–1.67); there was a suggestion of elevated risk for diseases classified as asthma and reactive airway diseases (aHR = 1.18; 95%CI, 0.98–1.41), including the specific condition, asthma (aHR = 1.35; 95%CI, 0.80–2.27), the symptom, shortness of breath (aHR = 1.50; 95%CI, 0.89–2.54), and the overall classification of chronic respiratory conditions (aHR = 1.18; 95%CI, 0.98–1.43). Exposure to both crude oil and dispersant was positively associated with elevated risk for shortness of breath (HR = 2.24; 95%CI, 1.09–4.64). Conclusions: Among active duty Coast Guard personnel, oil spill clean-up exposures were associated with moderately increased risk for longer term respiratory conditions.
- Crude oil
- Long term respiratory disease
- Oil spill

domain: literature


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You might well be wondering how what you eat can affect your carbon footprint or even if it can. But the truth is that your diet really can have an effect on climate change, albeit indirectly. The vast majority of us eat meat with most meals. We might have other occasional pasta dish without, but for the most part we British like our meat as the staple of a meal. That, however, is the problem.
It takes a lot of energy to get a cow (or even a sheep or a pig) from birth to the point when it lands on your table or appears in a burger. Think too of the methane a cow produces, which is around 114 kilos per year, all going into the atmosphere – and methane is a greenhouse gas. According to the UN, “the livestock sector generates more greenhouse gas emissions as measured in CO2 equivalent – 18 percent – than transport.” That’s a big claim, but it backs up other studies that show changing your diet can have a bigger effect on your carbon footprint than downsizing your car. You are what you eat, indeed.
What It Means
A vegetarian or a vegan diet is the most carbon-friendly form of eating. Cattle, for example, consume huge amounts of grass, water and feed, without even taking into account the food miles required to take them to slaughter, then to a butcher and to the supermarket.
Now, that doesn’t mean we should all turn our backs on meat and dairy products and embrace the vegan lifestyle; that’s simply not going to happen, however much some people campaign for it. But by cutting back on the meat we eat, and buying vegetables and fruit with lower food miles attached to them (i.e. grown locally or at least in the UK), you will have a significant impact on your carbon footprint.
One study has shown that it can take one kilo of CO2 to produce a burger in a fast food outlet. That’s a huge amount for a single meal. But it’s significant, inasmuch as we all too often don’t think about that aspect of our food.
Action to Take
You don’t need to be too drastic. But even a couple of meals a week that don’t involve meat can cut your carbon footprint quite a bit. There are plenty of excellent vegetarian recipes available that can fill your family and don’t take a long time to prepare.
Depending on what you make, at times your family might not even notice the meat’s missing. Look at cookbooks and online recipes to get ideas.
If your family is receptive, you could even try expanding to three nights a week. To be fair, that requires some commitment, not just on your part, but everyone’s. However, if you explain your reasons for putting more vegetarian meals on the menu, they might all be eager to take part. Even if you just cut out those trips for burgers, you’ll be handily trimming your carbon footprint. There are those who claim a vegetarian diet is much healthier, too, so you might even be doing yourself a favour by eating less meat.