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Respitrol (Heat) ™
* Respiratory disorders with heat manifestations: infection and inflammation of the lungs with wheezing, dyspnea, shortness of breath, cough, chest distension
* Respiratory disorders with fever, thick yellow discharge from the nose or the lungs
* Wheezing and dyspnea with a choking sensation, coughing with chest distension, fever, irritability, flushed face, and yellow sputum
WESTERN THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS
* Bronchodilating and antiasthmatic effects that relaxes the bronchial muscles and relieves wheezing and dyspnea
* Antitussive and expectorant functions to stop cough and eliminate sputum and phlegm
* Antihistamine effect to treat allergy-induced respiratory disorders
* Antipyretic action to reduce fever and body temperature
* Antibiotic effect to treat lung infections
CHINESE THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS
* Clears Lung heat
* Dissolves phlegm
* Regulates qi circulation to relieve wheezing and dyspnea
Take 4 to 6 capsules three times a day with warm water on an empty stomach. Patients should begin taking Respitrol (Heat) with the first sign of respiratory discomfort for maximum effectiveness.
Da Zao (Fructus Jujubae)
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii)
Gan Cao (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae)
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodonis)
Ku Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum)
Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae)
Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae)
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori)
She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae)
Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum)
Ting Li Zi (Semen Descurainiae)
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis)
Lung inflammation and infection are two conditions that often occur together. Lung inflammation refers to swelling of the airways causing symptoms such as wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, cough, and presence of phlegm. Lung infection refers to invasion of the respiratory tract by micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In Western medicine, specific disease names for lung inflammation and infection include asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, and lung abscess. In traditional Chinese medicine, the general description for this pattern of disharmony is Lung heat. Though the terminologies differ, they are essentially describing the same disorder.
Respitrol (Heat) is formulated to treat heat-type respiratory disorders, including but not limited to asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and other conditions characterized by inflammation and infection of the respiratory tract. Diagnostic signs and symptoms of heat include fever, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, flushed face, perspiration, and yellow sputum. Respitrol (Heat) contains herbs with functions to clear Lung heat, dissolve phlegm, and regulate qi circulation.
Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) clears Lung heat, reduces fever, and relieves coughing. Ku Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) stops coughing and calms wheezing. Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori) and Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii) clear Lung heat and stop coughing and wheezing. Jie Geng (Radix Platycodonis) clears Lung heat, expands the chest, and dissolves phlegm. Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) helps Jie Geng (Radix Platycodonis) expand the chest and relieve congestion. She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae) and Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae) clear heat, relieve toxicity, and eliminate sputum and phlegm from the upper respiratory tract. Ting Li Zi (Semen Descurainiae) drains the Lung, eliminates phlegm and reduces wheezing. Da Zao (Fructus Jujubae) minimizes the harsh effect of Ting Li Zi (Semen Descurainiae) to prevent damage to the Lung. Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae) clears Lung heat and detoxifies. A small amount of Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) is used to inhibit the leakage of Lung qi to prevent qi loss. Gan Cao (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) relieves spasms, supplements qi, and harmonizes all the herbs in this formula.
In summary, Respitrol (Heat) clears lung heat to treat various respiratory disorders with infection and inflammation.
CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
* Patients with cold or deficient respiratory disorders should use Respitrol (Cold) or Respitrol (Deficient), respectively. See Supplementary Formulas for maintenance treatment of respiratory disorders.
* Patients with severe or acute asthma attacks may need additional herbal or drug treatment.
* This formula is contraindicated during pregnancy and nursing.
* Respitrol (Heat) or Respitrol (Cold) should be taken for acute respiratory disorders with wheezing, dyspnea, and shortness of breath. When the condition stabilizes, use Respitrol (Deficient) and Cordyceps 3 during the remission stage of chronic respiratory disorders to strengthen the underlying constitution of the patient. Respitrol (Deficient) should not be taken during the acute stage of any respiratory disorder. Furthermore, Cordyceps 3 is also very beneficial to strengthen the Lung and the Kidney, the two organs that are responsible to control respiration. Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure that the patient is compliant with taking Respitrol (Deficient) and/or Cordyceps 3 to reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks.
* Most cough during the day is due to heat or dryness. Cough at night is mostly due to Kidney deficiency, Spleen deficiency, or dampness.
* In cases where the patient is having an acute attack and the medication or inhaler is not readily available, two cups of coffee, hot cocoa, and chocolate bars are good alternatives to help alleviate symptoms of wheezing or dyspnea. Caffeine has similar effect as the popular asthma drug theophylline.5
* Respitrol (Heat) incorporates numerous antibiotic herbs for two important reasons. First, the use of multiple herbs within an herbal formula has been shown to increase the antibiotic effect more than tenfold. Second, isolated use of single ingredients is often ineffective and increases the risk of development of bacterial and viral resistance. Given these two reasons, it is necessary to combine herbs with appropriate properties to ensure effectiveness in treating the infection and minimizing the potential risk of the micro-organisms developing resistance and/or mutation.
Pulse Diagnosis by Dr. Jimmy Wei-Yen Chang:
* Superficial and forceful pulse on the right cun.
* Yangwei pulse, a pulse extending distally from the right cun towards the thumb. It is one of the eight extra meridian pulses.
* To enhance the overall antibacterial function, add Herbal ABX.
* To enhance the overall antiviral function, add Herbal AVR.
* For sinus infections with yellow nasal discharge, combine with Pueraria Clear Sinus.
* For profuse, thick, yellow phlegm with chest congestion, combine with Pinellia XPT.
* With more underlying damp and phlegm accumulation with Spleen qi deficiency, add Pinellia Complex.
* For coughing, add Respitrol (CF).
* For infection of ear, nose and throat, add Herbal ENT.
* For thirst, dry mouth and throat, add Nourish (Fluids).
* For excess heat or fire, add Gardenia Complex.
* To boost the immune system, take Immune + after cold/flu symptoms subside.
* For dyspnea or chest tightness due to environmental or toxic poisoning, add Herbal DTX.
* With severe inflammation, combine with Astringent Complex.
* Feishu (BL 13), Lieque (LU 7), Hegu (LI 4), Taiyuan (LU 9), Taibai (SP 3), Fenglong (ST 40), Chize (LU 5)
* Ciliao (BL 32), Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Kongzui (LU 6)
Classic Master Tung’s Points:
* Dingke (T 44.28)*, Dajian (T 11.01), Zhongjian (T 11.05), Linggu (T 22.05), Dabai (T 22.04), Renshi (T 33.13), Dishi (T 33.14), Tianshi (T 33.15), Shuitong (T 1010.19), Shuijin (T 1010.20), Zhenjing (T 1010.08), Libai (T 44.12), Yunbai (T 44.11), Hegu (LI 4), Kongzui (LU 6), Quchi (LI 11), Chize (LU 5), Shousanli (LI 10). Bleed Sihuawai (T 77.14) or dark veins nearby. Bleed before needling for best result.
* Chest stuffiness: Linggu (T 22.05), Dabai (T 22.04), Tianshi (T 33.15), Dishi (T 33.14), Renshi (T 33.13), Zhenjing (T 1010.08), Shangli (T 1010.09)
Master Tung’s Points by Dr. Chuan-Min Wang:
* Common cold, flu
§ Cold type: Needle Fenjin (T 44.01), Huofuhai (T 33.07). Bleed Ganmaosan (T DT.12).
§ Heat type:Needle Dabai (T 22.04), Linggu (T 22.05), Sanchasan (T 22.17)*. Bleed Wuling (T DT.04).
§ Kidney type: Shuitong (T 1010.19), Shuijin (T 1010.20)
§ Heart type: Renshi (T 33.13), Dishi (T 33.14), Tianshi (T 33.15)
§ Lung type: Simazhong (T 88.17), Simashang (T 88.18), Simaxia (T 88.19)
Balance Method by Dr. Richard Tan:
* Left side: Chize (LU 5), Taiyuan (LU 9), Zusanli (ST 36), Xiangu (ST 43)
* Right side: Sanjian (LI 3), Quchi (LI 11), Taibai (SP 3), Yinlingquan (SP 9)
* Left and right sides can be alternated from treatment to treatment.
* Bronchi, Lung, Adrenal Gland, Prostate Gland. Apply ear seeds to these points on both ears.
Auricular Medicine by Dr. Li-Chun Huang:
* Bronchial asthma: Bronchus, Trachea, Lung, Chest, Stop Asthma, Sympathetic, Adrenal Gland, Allergic Area, Endocrine. Bleed Ear Apex.
* Common cold: Lung, Internal Nose, Throat (Larynx, Pharynx)
§ For fever, bleed Ear Apex and Helix 1 to 6.
§ For dizziness, add Dizziness Area.
§ For pain and soreness all over the body, add Liver and Spleen. Bleed Helix 4.
§ For cough, add Trachea, Bronchus, Stop Asthma.
* Cough: Trachea, Bronchus, Lung, Shenmen, Occiput, Stop Asthma, corresponding points of pain. Bleed Ear Apex.
* Bronchitis: Bronchus, Trachea, Lung, Spleen, Stop Asthma, Sympathetic. Bleed Ear Apex.
* Bronchiectasis: Bronchus, Lung, Chest, Stop Asthma, Allergic Area, Sympathetic, Adrenal Gland, Spleen
* Emphysema: Sympathetic, Allergic Area, Chest, Lung, Bronchus, Stop Asthma, Spleen, Kidney, Endocrine
* Tracheitis: Bronchus, Trachea, Lung (Lower), Spleen, Stop Asthma, Sympathetic. Bleed Ear Apex.
* Eliminate all spicy, cold and raw foods and beverages from the diet as they constrict the bronchial tubes causing spasms.
* A diet low in spicy, raw, greasy and sweet foods is also recommended.
* To avoid infection, a diet high in garlic, onions, and water is recommended. Stay away from cigarette smoke, alcohol, seafood, food additives (MSG, metabisulfite), and phlegm-producing foods such as sweets, dairy products, and heavy or greasy foods.
* Supplying the body with vitamin C is important, as it is greatly consumed by white blood cells when fighting infections.
* Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day to facilitate the elimination of heat, phlegm, and sputum.
* Since asthma may be allergy-related, eliminate foods from diet that commonly cause allergies, such as milk, eggs, shellfish, fish, and nuts. Sulfites – used commonly in restaurants to preserve salads, french fries, and avocado dips – are also linked to asthma attacks.
* White radish is an excellent food to relieve cough. Take 1 white radish, approximately the size of a fist and cut it into thin slices. Mix it with 1 tablespoon of maltose and 1 cup of water and cook for 20 minutes. Serve the radish and the juice when they cool to room temperature. Another easier method is to mix the slices of white radish with honey. Wait for 30 minutes and drink the fluids that are secreted from the radish.
* Lemon juice with honey is also very effective to relieve cough.
* Warm and hot natured foods that damage qi and yin should be avoided, such as:
§ certain fruits like mango and durian that produce heat.
§ stimulants like coffee, alcohol, and energy drinks.
§ spicy/pungent/aromatic vegetables such as pepper, garlic, onions, basil, rosemary, cumin, funnel, anise, leeks, chives, scallions, thyme, saffron, wormwood, mustard, chili pepper, and wasabi.
* Avoid food and drinks with artificial coloring.
* Consume as few meat products as possible. Do not eat processed meats, such as lunch meats, hot dogs, and sausages, as they contain nitrites that are associated with inflammation and chronic disease.
The Tao of Nutrition by Dr. Maoshing Ni and Cathy McNease:
§ Recommendations: apricot kernels, almonds, walnuts, basil, carrots, pumpkins, winter melon, sunflower seeds, loofah, squash, figs, and daikon.
§ Mix 1/2 cup fig juice with 1/2 cup lukewarm water and drink daily.
§ Cut the top out of a small winter melon, remove the seeds, fill with molasses. Close the top with cheesecloth, and steam. Consume daily for seven days.
§ Take an unpeeled orange, pierce with a chopstick and roast until the peel blackens. Remove the peel and eat the fruit; one orange daily for seven days.
§ Drink fresh fig juice three times daily.
§ Avoid mucus-producing foods, cold foods, fruits, salads, all shellfish, dairy products, watermelon, bananas, mung beans, salty foods, cold weather, and especially ice cream.
* Common cold (wind-heat)
§ Recommendations: mint, cabbage, chrysanthemum flowers, burdock root, cilantro, dandelion, apples, and bitter melon. Drink plenty of fluids and get lots of rest.
§ Drink cabbage broth freely.
§ Drink cilantro and mint tea.
§ Drink mint, chrysanthemum, and dandelion tea.
§ Drink mint, dandelion, and licorice tea.
§ Avoid shellfish, meats, vinegar, and hot natured foods.
* Chronic bronchitis
§ Recommendations: carrots, apricot kernels, persimmons, white fungus, pears, honey jellyfish, ginger, water chestnuts, yams, sweet potatoes, daikon radish, walnuts, papaya, peach kernels, lotus roots, seaweed, and winter melon seeds. Always try to stay warm.
§ Cook carrots and apricot kernels in rice porridge. Eat three times daily for one month.
§ Remove cores of 2 to 3 pears and fill with honey, eat before bed every day for one month.
§ Mash together ginger, apricot kernels, pine nuts and walnuts; add rock sugar, and steam. Eat 2 to 3 tablespoons twice daily for at least two weeks.
§ Make juice from pineapple and lemon; drink before meals for immediate relief.
§ Peel a papaya, add some honey, steam and eat.
§ Cut banana into small pieces and cook with rock sugar until sugar melts. Eat 1 to 2 pieces of banana every evening for one week.
§ Avoid overworking, being chilled, stimulating foods, spicy foods, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and cold drinks.
* Avoid exposure to pollen, dust, and drastic changes in temperature. Regular exercise with herbal therapy is the key to complete recovery.
* For patients with asthma, vacuum and central heating filters should be changed frequently to keep dust, mold, and dust mites to a minimum. Installation of an air purifier is recommended for patients who have family members with infectious respiratory disorders. It is recommended to replace carpets with hard surface floors to prevent dust, molds, and other allergens from being trapped in the carpet. Bleach such as Clorox can be used to clear mold and fungus. Animal dander is also a major factor in causing allergies in patients. All contact (direct and indirect) with allergens should be avoided if possible to prevent allergic reactions.
* Patients should be advised to stop smoking, and stay away from second-hand smoke.
* Patients should strengthen their immune system and body resistance in between asthma attacks. A balance of exercise and rest is important. Alternation of hot and cold water in the shower is also effective to desensitize the body to changes in temperature. Herbs that enhance the immune system, such as Immune + or Cordyceps 3, should also be taken on a regular basis.
* S.Z., a 59-year-old female, presented with asthma, shortness of breath (SOB), and other respiratory symptoms. Blood pressure was 110/22 mmHg and her heart rate was 67 beats per minute. An objective finding was red face and chest. The practitioner diagnosed this condition as Lung heat and prescribed Respitrol (Heat) at three capsules three times per day. After only two days of taking the herbs, the patient noticed a reduction in the thick yellow phlegm she had been experiencing. The patient had also reported that after three weeks of taking the herbs her SOB and wheezing had improved. Submitted by M.P., Muskego, Wisconsin.
* A 36-year-old female computer technician presented with chills and fever, dry mouth and throat, body aches, and thirst. The chills and fever only lasted for one day. Tongue body was red with a thin, white tongue coating. Her pulse was superficial. Although warm to the touch, the patient complained of cold sensations. The practitioner diagnosed her condition as wind-heat invasion. The practitioner prescribed a full dose of Respitrol (Heat) for the first three days until the patient’s symptoms subsided. The dose was subsequently reduced until all indications of the patient’s condition were resolved. Submitted by T.G., Albuquerque, New Mexico.
* D.C., a 50-year-old female, presented common cold symptoms of cough, chest congestion and difficult-to-expectorate phlegm. She had a slight fever. The tongue was red with yellow coating. The pulse was rapid and slippery. The doctor diagnosed her with Lung heat. The two formulas prescribed were Respitrol (Heat) and Pinellia XPT. In three days, the heat was relieved and the phlegm was cleared. Submitted by B.F., Newport Beach, California.
* S.O., a 3-year-old female, presented with constant coughing for two weeks. After being taken to the ER, she was diagnosed with whooping cough; however, no medication was prescribed. Other assessments included veins seen on her chest. The TCM diagnosis was Lung heat and the parents were instructed to give her Respitrol (Heat) and Herbal ABX mixed with juice. Initially there was no change noted. However after two days the symptoms began to lessen and she was back to normal within a week. Submitted by A.I., Hilo, Hawaii.
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
Respitrol (Heat) is formulated specifically to treat respiratory disorders with signs and symptoms of heat. From the traditional Chinese medicine perspective, Lung heat is closely associated with lung infection and inflammation, with signs and symptoms such as wheezing, dyspnea, cough, chest distension, and yellow sticky phlegm. Therefore, to address both the cause and the symptoms of this disorder, Respitrol (Heat) uses herbs with antibiotic effects to treat the infection, anti-inflammatory effects to reduce swelling and inflammation, bronchodilating effects to relieve wheezing and dyspnea, and antitussive and expectorant activities to relieve the associated symptoms.
Respitrol (Heat) contains many herbs with significant antibiotic effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal. Herbs with antibacterial effects include Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae), Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), Gan Cao (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) and Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis). Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae) has a broad spectrum of inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus dysenteriae,α-hemolytic streptococcus, beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Neisseria catarrhalis, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus proteus, Bordetella pertussis,and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) has an inhibitory effect against Streptococcus matuans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Diplococcus pneumoniae, and Bacillus dysenteriae.,, Furthermore, piperitylmagnolol and honokiol, two compounds from Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), have antibacterial activities against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Gan Cao (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, E. coli, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Lastly, Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) has an inhibitory effect in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus dysenteriae, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Herbs with antiviral effects include She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae), Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae) and Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori). She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae) and Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae) are most effective against influenza viruses.,Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori) has potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1). Finally, She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae) and Ku Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) have antifungal activities.,
Respitrol (Heat) has a marked effect to treat asthma, wheezing and dyspnea because many herbs in this formula have marked antiasthmatic and bronchodilating effects. For example, Ku Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) has an inhibitory effect on the respiratory center in the brain, thereby exerting its antiasthmatic effects. Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) has a stimulating effect on the respiratory system to dilate the lungs and relieve wheezing and dyspnea. Magnolol and honokiol, two compounds from Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), exert their antiasthmatic effects by relieving muscle spasms and inhibiting smooth muscle contraction in trachea., Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) has been shown to stimulate the lungs to increase the rate and depth of respiration. It also reverses respiratory depression associated with morphine. Most importantly, Gan Cao (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) has a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect to reduce swelling and inflammation in the lungs. The proposed mechanism of anti-inflammatory action includes decreased permeability of the blood vessels. The anti-inflammatory influence of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid is approximately 1/10th that of cortisone.
Respitrol (Heat) is formulated with herbs that treat the associated symptoms of lung infection and inflammation. For example, Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae), Gan Cao (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) and Jie Geng (Radix Platycodonis) all have antitussive and expectorant effects to relieve coughing and chest congestion.,, In addition, Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae) showed antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effects through its inhibitory effect on the mast cells and the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Jie Geng (Radix Platycodonis) illustrates significant antiallergic effect by inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines, suppressing the sensitivity for allergic reaction, and decreasing capillary permeability., Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii) have antipyretic effects to lower body temperature to treat fever., Lastly, Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori) and She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae) have demonstrated strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects to reduce swelling and inflammation.,
Clinically, the herbs in Respitrol (Heat) have been used with great success to treat various types of respiratory disorders. One study uses Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) in a formula to effectively treat 50 patients with asthma. Another study showed that use of Ku Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) in Xing Su San (Apricot Kernel and Perilla Leaf Powder) was effective to treat coughing due to wind-cold in 50 patients. Ku Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) also illustrated a 96.8% rate of effectiveness for the treatment of chronic tracheitis in 124 patients (23 reported complete recovery, 66 reported marked effectiveness, 31 experienced some improvement, and 4 had no response). The rate of effectiveness was 96.8%. Lastly, thirty children with cough and dyspnea from bronchitis were treated with a preparation of Ting Li Zi (6 to 15 grams) with a 96.7% success rate.
In summary, Respitrol (Heat) is an excellent formula to treat respiratory disorders with signs and symptoms of heat. Not only does it have good antibiotic effect to treat respiratory tract infection, it also contains many herbs to relieve the associated symptoms.
Treatment of wheezing and dyspnea is generally divided into acute and chronic management. In Western medicine, acute wheezing and dyspnea are treated by bronchodilators that open the airways and reverse obstruction. Chronic wheezing and dyspnea are managed by use of several categories of drugs, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, theophylline, and cromolyn. Western medicine is extremely effective in treating acute wheezing and dyspnea, as use of bronchodilators [such as Proventil or Ventolin (albuterol) inhalers] generally reverses airway obstruction within minutes. However, Western medicine is not as successful in long-term management and prevention of wheezing and dyspnea. These drugs do not change the underlying condition of the disease, nor do they improve the constitution of the patient. Therefore, the long-term prognosis is often characterized by successful suppression of acute wheezing and dyspnea, but no change in frequency or severity of recurrent wheezing and dyspnea.
In TCM, wheezing and dyspnea are treated based on the urgency of the disease presentation and the underlying condition of the patients. Urgency refers to the acute or chronic nature of the disease, while underlying condition refers to the fundamental constitution of the patients. By addressing both the disease and the fundamental constitution, the use of herbs achieves both immediate and prolonged effects.
Both drugs and herbs are effective for the treatment of wheezing and dyspnea. Generally speaking, drugs are more effective for acute conditions, as they are more potent, and can be delivered via inhalation or intravenous injection to achieve a faster onset of relief. However, long-term treatment of wheezing and dyspnea with drugs is often less than optimal, as these drugs tend to create tolerance and dependence. Furthermore, they do not change the course of illness, and do not reduce the frequency and severity of recurrent attacks. On the other hand, herbs are better for long-term prevention and management of wheezing and dyspnea. Herbs strengthen the body and enhance its own ability to manage wheezing and dyspnea. However, use of herbs may not be appropriate for acute asthma because they are less immediately potent than some pharmaceuticals, and have a slower onset of action. In conclusion, optimal treatment of wheezing and dyspnea does not require choosing between drugs or herbs, but may be gained by embracing the benefits of both, by using drugs for acute treatment and herbs for long-term healing and prevention.
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 Zhong Yi Yan Jiu Yuan (Research Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 1971; 34
 Zhong Yi Za Zhi (Journal of Chinese Medicine), 1984; 10:43


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domain: design


MENGZHEN GUO email@example.com
Architecture is not only the study of design and construction but also the entry point and medium of research in a broader sense. Architecture is the solvent thatÂ releases itsÂ potential, providing people with possible solutions after dissolving with other disciplines and knowledge fields. During my study in college, I have been exploring my design logic. This collection of works focuses on my understanding and attempts of architecture and its design methods. Whether there is a clear result orientation or a process-based logical derivation, the complexity of the architecture itself is indispensable. This complexity is embodied in the urban influence, social values, spatial functions and future uncertainty on the long axis of time. As a comprehensive representation of artificial technology, architecture also needs to keep up with the trend of the times. With the development of science and technology, how to integrate human civilization and natural environment with a new perspective to achieve the goal of harmonious coexistence is what I hope to explore in my future study.
SOLAR CULTURAL CENTER
Future megastructure with water sustainable solution
Revitalized center based on the use of renewable natural resources
BIO-INSPIRED WASTE NETWORK
Food waste recycling network designed by physarum polycephalum
Invisible border for Shenzhen-Hong Kong cross-boundary students
2015 North China University of Technology Wood Construction Work Bartlett Beijing 2018 Workshop - Wearable Devices
01_ Mumbai Ark Future Megastructure With Water Sustainable Solution
Individual Work Course Assignment: Studio Alpha Open Project Plus No. 72+ Site: Mumbai, India Instructor: Qian Feng, Yang Ran Contact Email: firstname.lastname@example.org June - August, 2019
"I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. Make rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out." In the Bible, God entrusted Noah to build an ark of 300 cubits long to escape from the coming flood. In India's Satapatha Brahmana, Vishnu instructed Manu to build a ship that carried life to avoid disaster. In the mythology of different religions, the first megastructure made by the human being is the ark. Nowadays, human beings are continually reclaiming resources and destroying the environment for development, which could result in the devouring of nature at any time. If the disaster is inevitable, what role can architecture play? Mumbai, India, is a city threatened by the high temperature throughout the dry season and significant rainfall during monsoon. The rising sea levels may even devour the homeland of life. Under this circumstance, the project attempts to create a living place above an ark about 200 meters long that enables Indian people from all classes to stand together through natural threats. The ark is the carrier of life, and its scale and structure provide a joyful and traditional lifestyle on the water for residents (whether they are poor or rich). The ark itself is a microcosm of Indian society, where reflectes religious diversity and mixed living patterns. To better solve the problems of drought and flood, the drainage and water purifier system are integrated into the whole ark: the excessive rainwater in the rainy season is discharged from the top down; The seawater is extracted during the dry season and purified into drinking water. The integrated operation of the drainage and harvesting system achieves the rational utilization and sustainability of water resources.
Âˇ Utopian Megastructure
 Issue To Address - Annual Monsoon Flooding And Rising Sea Levels Floods in Mumbai due to heavy rains from June to August have taken a toll of lives and resulted in economic loss. The steady sea-level rise continues to shape the land due to mangrove destruction and global climate change. These changes have put the city 's future in a perilous position. The diagram shows that flooding happens in low areas between original islands, and also happens where manmade drainage systems are insufficient, which highlights the importance of designing constructions for avoiding floods.
0 m sea level rise
site original islands
 The Ark For Refuge In religious allusions such as Christianity and Hinduism, the ark is the carrier of life, the symbol of salvation and rebirth. It will never be threatened by rising sea levels and f loods. The large scale and structure provide a new model of habitation, that enables the local population (rich and poor, coast and not only) to remain and pursue a lasting and joyful life on the water. When there is no f lood, ships also play an important role in transportation: transporting and traveling people from different cities along the long coastline of India, even out of the country.
30 m sea level rise
site flood areas sewage outfalls
60 m sea level rise
site flood degree
[ The Extraodinary Voyage]
site high risk areas
[ Mumbai Flood Mapping ]
Mumbai recorded 298 mm of rainfall, the highest in a day. The Western Naval Command has made arrangements to provide shelter to Mumbaikars who were left stranded after heavy rains lashed the metropolis. The Mumbai Traffic Police has identified over 200 locations under this monsoon. The highest number of flood-prone locationsâ€”58â€”are in the western suburbs between Bandra and Jogeshwari.
Traffic disrupted after heavy rain since Monday evening.The India Meteorological Department has predicted more rain in Mumbai and Thane over the next 48 hours. Heavy rain pounded Santacruz East on Thursday morning, affecting daily life. Several educational institutions remained closed.Officials said Puducherry has received 96.4 mm of rainfall in the 24 hours ending at 8 am on Thursday.
Once this section, which is one of the worst affected on the Central line, is raised, there will be no disruption of of services even if it rains 100 mm in 24 hours.
The city was jolted out of their extended weekend slumber after heavy rain lashed the city. Water-logging, traffic snarls and rail disruptions on the central and harbour lines made life difficult for commuters.
Dadar flooded as heavy rains lash Mumbai. Heavy rains on Wednesday lashed the metropolis, severely disrupting road, rail and suburban train services and inconveniencing lakhs of commuters and officegoers
A high tide measuring 4.81m hit the city at 2.39pm after which two cases of drowning were reported
What will happen after ten, thousands, ten-thousands years?
flood degree original islands
high risk areas
[Distribution of Social Segregation and Religionary Buildings ] roads railroads coastline
contour line public open space dwelling with income less than $600/month dwelling with income more than $2000/month major Masjid and Mandir (Hindu temple)
motobikes and tuktuk stops
public open park
fish and trade market fishing area
 Equality Before The Religion Mumbai is the fourth largest metropolitan region in the world, and the birthplace of four of the world's major religions. Rapid urban growth and growing inequality has created a global crisis in housing that increasingly segregates the rich from the poor. However, the physical and economic states do not affect the diversity of religious beliefs and practices in India. Throughout India's history, religion has been an important part of the country's culture. Religious diversity and religious tolerance are both established in the country by the law and custom, such tolerance could be understood as another phase of equality - freedom in belief, which benefits the collective well-being of all its inhabitants.
[ Poverty or wealth, we all share a common belief when confronting disaster]
Evenly distributed religion buildings
Om Shri Mahadev Mandir
Shri Sai Mandir
Ashraful Ulma Masjid
Manmala Devi Mandir
The site is characteristic of two distinct socio-economic populations : Koli (marked by yellow color) are the original settlers of Mumbai , and fishermen by trade who live in slums, while Worli (marked by dark blue color) is a new demographic drawn to this upscale neighborhood in central Mumbai with waterfront property and expensive views. The area in which they live has a strong concentration, but religious buildings ignore class differentiation and become individuals that are evenly interspersed in the map.
2.0m 12.0m 5.5m
Water storage and supply system during drought 34
 General Arrangements This image illustrates the long section through the ark. The design mainly consists of three parts: The religion tower on the top, the ark body (hull), and the water management system.
1 2 3 4 5
6 Mosque 7 Church 8 Colonnade 9 Pagoda 10 Shikhara
12 G W
13 O 14 C
religion tower 125,0m
pray assembly + 73,5m
view deck 40,0m 11
promenade deck 32,5m public area and cabins 25,5m
habitability area 19,5m
habitability area 13,5m 21
launch system 6,5m sea level Âą 0,0m
Water drainage system during monsoon
Greenhouse Water purification
Outdoor Stepwell Control room
15 Elevator 16 Sports Center 17 Crew quarters 18 Independent houses 19 Open hall
20 21 22 23
Fishing Storage Double-bottom tank Propellor
24 Water filtration devise
25 26 27 28 29
Fresh-water tank Reactor Discharge channel Branch Pipe Cofferdam
30 Feed-water pump 31 Pressure turbine 32 Collecting pipe 33 Draining pipe 34 Protector
pump - 69,0m
35 Turbine pump 36 Seawater collection
 The Religion Tower The religious tower is a sacred structure standing above the ark deck. India’s diverse religious system has been recreated here: people of different faiths coexist in this stage of diversification and variety, regardless of their social and economic status, and enjoy the sunshine that descends from the sky, which creates a unique “place spirit” for them.
inner and outer walls
0 m sea level rise
0 m sea level rise
0 m sea level rise
0 m sea level rise
m sea level Coexistence Of0 Religions
By studying the layout of the four major religious buildings in India, the design combines their respective main features and pray circulation. The main praying hall of four temples is left in the most central position, which is also the most dramatic part of the lighting : a central void allows them to be illuminated at the same time but operates separately. This building unit allows light to be fundamental- the necessary concentration for the celebration of the rites and the prayers. The most intimated and pious characteristics among the people are found inside the tower.
 Water M
Drinking water distribution network
This round skylight with the form of the funnel could open when needed, along with the gutter on the edges enable rainwater to enter directly and then export.
2 Stepwell This is where the rainwater is reached by descending a set of steps to the bottom level. It is a type of storage and irrigation tank that was developed in India.
3 Temporary storage tanks They are small containers found inside the entrances of the religion tower that dispose unwanted water of surface runoff and stormwater.
4 Seawater purifying devise Wa t e r i s p u r i f i e d a n d disinfected here for consumption in the ark. The device removes undesirable c hem ica ls a nd biolog ica l c ont a m i n a nt s . T he n t he purified water is delivered to the freshwater tank for further use.
One major function of the project is to cope with seasonal fluctuations in water availab with different functions are combined with the structure of the ship. Excessive rainwat to top and purified into drinking water during the drought season, tog
5 Greenhouse & Solar powered water desalinator
This solar-powered water desalinator takes salt of seawater and generates freshwater by condensation. The stackable unit made from transparent, thermo-formable polycarbonate that could work like a greenhouse.
6 Water distribution channel This channel delivers seawater coming f rom t he t u rbine pump to the endpoint in the independent houses, supplying drinking and living water to people in the ark.
7 Water booster pump
This pump is designed for water pressure boosting; it is supplied with a pressure tank for constant water pressure.
8 Turbine pump
bility in India. Drainage and harvesting systems are integrated with the whole ark. Node devices ter is discharged from top to bottom during the rainy season. Seawater is extracted from bottom gether in order to achieve the rational utilization and sustainability of resources.
T he s e a w ater is pu mp e d into the collecting pipe and transfer vertically toward the ark, while the draining pipe releases the rainwater to sea.
 An Ark That Benefits All Inhabitants The large scale and structure provide a new model of habitation, that enables the local population (rich and poor, coast and not only) to remain and pursue a traditional and joyful life on the water. After the basic public facilities and water supply system are established, people can spontaneously organize their houses and find the most suitable lifestyle. The open space and unified infrastructure eliminate the gap between different classes, the huge deck is also the scenery for life and activities, where people could live without fear and worry.
- Sharing of Sunlight Strcuture
Living up high enough, find in the
At least one light source, within
other Everyone of us, everyone of usâ€Ś Stepwell
Sharing the light, that's how we grow Why would hearts be fighting
Aiming the heights, we pass on what we know We all know what we're living
Deck Plaza Pagoda Water Tank
- Sharing of Life Our sweet companions Sharing your bunk on the road We never stoppend you, Companions for marvelous hours
Poverty's passions, the impoverished meals we shared The fierce bonfire's glow And there, on the carpet below, Fell stars...
Water Harvesting System
- Sharing of Water Its surface is uneven A new angle gives it meaning And we deeply need it Let it touch your soul
The water is around you Let's share its beauty
[ Exploded Axonometric Structure]
02_ Solar Cultural Center Revitalized Center Based On The Use Of Sustanable Natural Resources
Individual Work Course Assignment: Architecture Studio(1), NCUT Site: Beijing, China Instructor: Xin Ma, Hermione Huang Contact Email: email@example.com Schoolwork in August - December 2017 Project updated in October 2019
In the 1970s, the global "energy crisis" led to the emergence of sustainable buildings. Architects use different passive and active techniques to reduce the energy needs of buildings and increase their ability to capture or generate their own energy. Sustainable architecture and related research are increasing, but the architectural form and design methods of practical projects are somewhat similar. The supposed reason could be that spatial organization, shape modelling, and energy-saving technology addition are not integrated but realized in the workflow. Is it possible to take shape, space, and technology into account from the beginning to the end to achieve the sustainable purpose of the building? The project locates in Shou Gang Industrial Heritage in western Beijing. As one of the significant iron industries in the 20th century's China, it has to revive with new functions after the shutdown in 2010. Under such background, this project attempts to design an energy-saving building which utilizes the environmental resources and solar energy to the maximum and integrated them with space and envelop. From a social perspective, an "activity stage" is open to the public that reshapes the vitality of the site with popularity. In terms of spatial layout, the project takes differences in indoor illuminance value brought by sunlight as the language of function organization. Different areas are endowed with activities that are suitable for their light and heat conditions to reduce consumption in artificial cooling and warming. Changes in the external environment will directly reflect in the interior and will influence human behaviours. Moreover, people will determine how to use these places through their innate perception and instinct of the environment, generating affordance for activities.
Âˇ Energy - Saving Architecture
roads building waterway
contour line site industrial heritage transport pipeline industrial cluster office and residence historical temple cooling tower blast and chimney steelwork
[ Site Environmental Analysis ]
Design Proposals And Strategies Environmental Strategies
[ Less active and artificial energy consumption
[ Internal space adapted to environmental changes ]
[ Optimal orientation and geometries that best
[ Comfortable natural light and ventilation
[ Spatial organization according to daylight autonomy]
[ Revival of the derelict site by gathering people
and skin that combined with solar energy ] [ Structure collection devices
utilize solar energy
[ Natural resource utilization and circulation system ]
Art exhibition and theater open to the public
[ Spatial experience between darkness and lightness ]
N Sipin mountain
er g Riv gdin Yon
Xiu Pool S
Beijing major industrial heritage sites
Area of Shou Gang Industrial Heritage
Existing buildings and constructions
Site location and surrounding traffic
Shadow range in winter solstice
Sun path of Beijing
Related dimensions with A Grade industrial heritages
Environmental Conditions The investigation found that the northwest of the industrial area is surrounded by low buildings and derelict land, which can meet sufficient sunlight on the winter solstice. The following charts show the climatic conditions in Beijing. It can be concluded that Beijing's solar radiation is mainly concentrated in the south, which indicates the optimal orientation of building for harvesting the radiation is north-south.
Global Horizontal Radiation (Wh/mÂ˛) - Hourly Beijing, China 1 Jan 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00
Total Radiation (kWh/mÂ˛) Beijing, China 1 Jan 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00
Dry Bulb Temperature (C) - Hourly Beijing, China 1 Jan 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00
Wind Rose Average wind velocity : 2.37 m/s Beijing, China 1 Jan 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00
Relative Humidity (%) - Hourly Beijing, China 1 Jan 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00
Psychrometric Chart Beijing, China 1 Jan 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00
Optimal Solar Energy Receiver Geometry Test The test selected eight basic geometries of same surface area, then obtained their corresponding amount of solar radiation received throughout the year. Along with the volumen to area value, it can be concluded that trapezoid and sphere are two geometries with better space efficiency that could receive most solar radiation.
Total Radiation: 59568.45 V/A: 0.618
Total Radiation: 67807.54 V/A: 0.665
Total Radiation: 34652.69 V/A: 0.625
Optimal geometries for receiving radiation:
Total Radiation: 90278.63 V/A: 0.630
1. Trapezoid 2. Sphere
Total Radiation: 70694.20 V/A: 0.681
Total Radiation: 64312.78 V/A: 0.727
Total Radiation: 66300.90 V/A: 0.768
Total Radiation: 83471.50 V/A: 0.941
Generation Logic Maximum area for receiving solar energy, maximum use of natural resources
Extend edges for selfshading
Introduce sunlight with skylights
Ouside: Sunlight Inside: Lighting Theatre
Oﬃce Oﬃce TheatreOﬃceOﬃce Theatre TheatreTheatre OﬃceParkOﬃce Oﬃce Oﬃce Car
Sphere falls into trapezoid
Minimum structure to achieve maximum strength
Surface pressure analysis (red part is weak)
Integrated structure with ceiling and columns(support positions)
Skylights around sphere and at the top Theatre Theatre Theatre Oﬃce Oﬃce Oﬃce Oﬃce Oﬃce Oﬃce of columns Car Park Car Park Car Car
Maximum use of natural lighting to achieve functional requirements
Two separate structural system
Sunlight exposure area of the sphere
Theatre Theatre Theatre Oﬃce Oﬃce Oﬃce Theatre Oﬃce Oﬃce Theatre Oﬃce Oﬃce Oﬃce ParkOﬃce Car Car Park Car Park Car ParkPark
Combine 2 optimal geometries
Theatre Oﬃce Theatre Oﬃce Oﬃce Oﬃce Park Park Car Park
[ Open space illuminated by sunlight + Spherical theater illuminated by artificial lighting ] 1 Basement 2 (parking) 2 Basement 1 (office) 3 Ground floor
4 Second floor (exhibition) 5 Structure 6 Roof
7 Braced grid truss 8 Grid truss 9 Central theater
10 Galaxy hall 11 Parabolic dish support frame 13 Sun exposure area on solstice
Annual Daylight Simulation
Light Mapping With Lego
Second Floor (Exhibition Area)
sculpture, showcase etc furniture, crafts painting, drawing, calligraphy
Daylight Autonomy (300lux-5000lux) 72% time > 50% 300 lux Spatial Daylight Autonomy = 71.6
washroom and control room
Useful Daylight Illuminance 8.1% of time > 2500 lux UDI (100 to 2500) = 91.9%
exhibits storge and transport light-sensitive exhibits
Ground Floor (Public Space)
circulation area, stairs rest room, lounge cafe, play and creative area
Daylight Autonomy (300lux-5000lux) 75% time > 50% 300 lux Spatial Daylight Autonomy = 72.9
shopping, rest room
Useful Daylight Illuminance 8.7% of time > 2500 lux
store room, washroom short-staying activities
UDI (100 to 2500) = 91.3%
Basement (Office Area)
open rest space office multi-function area
Daylight Autonomy (300lux-5000lux) 36% time > 50% 300 lux Spatial Daylight Autonomy = 35.4
Useful Daylight Illuminance 6.7% of time > 2500 lux
UDI (100 to 2500) = 92.3%
canteen, conference Working and dining area （Indoor lamplight）
Public and rest area （sunlight from top）
exhibits storage multipurpose stage
Behavior Affordance During A Day
From 9 to 12 in the morning, the indoor illuminance value gradually increases as the solar elevation angle increases from 30 degrees to 90 degrees. People's activities vary from detailed or visual tasks to activities with less light requirements.
± 0,0m 5,5m 150
During the afternoon, the sunlight illuminate the architecture directly or obliquely. The indoor heat of different spaces vary with the change of lighting level, people could go to different spaces according to their own needs. The sphere in the center operates individually that insulates outer light and heat.
-3,2 m 100
The office area in the basement and central theater inside the sphere utilize artificial lighting as illuminance source in order to adjust lighting values according to performance and work requirements. These two areas keep open in the night.
Illuminance levels i 14 17 8 ± 0,0m
Varying illuminance levels aff 17
Illuminance level from low to high Position of skylights on the roof
1 Main Stage 2 Balcony 3 The Stalls
5 Galaxy Hall 6 Protected Stairway
7 Transition Stairs 8 Welcome Zone 9 Display Stand
10 Reception 11 Welcome Zone 12 Performance Zone
13 Art Room 14 Learning and 15 Cafe
in circular area and corresponding activities in different lighting ranges 9 19
9 24,0m 0.8
Stairs that shift between light and darkness (from natural lighting to artificial lighting) 0.8
ffect people behaviour and result to the diversity of activities
d Reading Zone
16 Play Zone 17 Business Zone 18 Stairs
19 Mini Bar 20 Multimedia Zone 21 VIP Reception
22 Lying Room 23 Children's Activity Zone 24 VIP Reception
25 Washroom 26 Network Room 27 Elevator
Ground Floor Plan
[ Solar Devices Integrated With Architecture] The octagonal solar panels are embedded in the roof facing south. The hot water generated by parabolic-dish solar concentrator is piped to the floor of the theatre, serving as a hot water heating system. Recycled paper and other materials with high thermal mass are incorporate in the ball to prevent heat escape. The louvre around skylight relieves the solar heat gain in summer, while Low-E glass in facade keep the temperature consistent. The vents around the sphere and at the top of ball ensure the ventilation within the building.
Parabolic-dish solar concentrator Parabolic dish support frame
Maximun southward surface to collect the solar energy
Even distribution of wind pressure cools down the building during hot days
The raindrop falls down from skylight and would be stored underfloor
The overhang provides solar shading in the summer while alows absorbing heat in the winter
Parabolic-Dish Solar Concentrator
High-efficiency monocrystalline solar cells of honeycomb panels provide sufficient electricity
The dishes on the spherical surface concentrate the solar radiations from all directions toward the thermal receiver
Construction Detail Receiver Parabolic-dish solar concentrator Parabolic dish support frame
Standing seam roof
Recycled paper insulation
Steel structural frame
Recycled paper insulation
Heating circulation pipes
Damp proof membrane Plywood Horizontal timber batten Vertical timber batten
Glass shutter Raised corridor
With the change of the external environment, the behaviour inside the building also presents a dynamic effect. These feelings are reflected in light and shadow, heat and cold, and changes in wind direction. The intensity of light and temperature can not only affect people's psychology but also unconsciously affect people's behaviour.
6 8 26 7
Sectional Perspective This image illustrates the long section through the center. The theater and multipurpose stage inside the ball are illuminated by artificial lighting, while the activity center outside the ball is illuminated by sunlight.
1 Laminated Timber Structure
5 Rest Zone
3 Exhibition Board
7 Exhibit Storage
4 Light Column
6 Display Stand
9 Conferen 11 Children
8 Public Open Space
12 Mini Bar
The exhibition space on the second floor play the role of "urban living room", through which people communicate with the external industrial site and thus arouse people's interest in its history. The space experience is exciting as the contrast senses of the new and old, modern and traditional, light and massive impact the visitors.
16 15 14,0m 19
nce Room n's Activity Zone
14 Louvers 15 Solar Dish Concentrator
18 Galaxy Hall 15 Solar Dish Concentrator
Exhibition floor 5,0m
16 Dish Support Frame
16 Dish Support Frame
19 Training Room 20 Backstage 21 Main Stage 22 Orchestra Pit
23 Projection Room 24 Auditorium 25 Rehearsal Room
26 Multipurpose Stage
Ground floor Âą 0,0m
Office floor - 4,0m Under garage - 7,0m
Illuminance level from low to high
03_ Bio-Inspired Waste Network Food Waste Recycling Network Designed By Physarum Polycephalum
Team Work Partner: Tong Yu Course Assignment: 2019 ASRI LAB "Bio-Colonized City" Site: Melbourne, Australia Instructor: Haoyi Chen, Xiaojing Zhao Contact Email: firstname.lastname@example.org Group work in July 2018, individually rework in September 2018
Compared to biomimicry, I prefer the word ''bio-inspired''. Bionics is an ancient study that covers a wide range of industries. After decades of theoretical and technological evolution, more people are beginning to discuss the wisdom of the biological evolution that has a duration of millions of years, which could serve as a natural reference for human history. Bio-inspired can be understood as inspiration from the biological world, not only in shape or appearance, but also in terms of biological behavior and fixed patterns at specific times. This project focuses on collective intelligence based on the growth of physarum polycephalum and at the way that it can become a design tool. Harvesting its distributed memory of unicellular without brain but with memory organism, we hypothesizing alternative ways of spatial reasoning that can redefine urbanity using the reflected urban mechanism obtained from the behavioral model of physarum. The project locates in Melbourne, the capital of the enormous waste crop country Victoria, a densely populated agricultural land where the disposal of tonnes of food waste is a common problem for both civic and the government. The zero-waste cases in other countries provide solutions: organic waste could be processed into fertilizer by composting and then applied to the farm to cultivate new vegetables and fruits, making the end a new beginning to achieve an actual recycle circulation. We set the starting point and terminal of the waste recycling network in the community, trying to establish the sustainable waste system in urban scale that digest and reuse organic waste within the region.
Âˇ Urban Organic Network
[Step 1] Issue To Address - Australian Waste Recycling Crisis China’s decision in 2017 to no longer be the dumping ground for the world’s recycled waste has left Australia the world's second-largest waste producing country awash in the rubbish. At the time, Australia exported about 1.3 million tonnes of recyclable material to China - about a third of recyclable plastics and paper and cardboard. As materials pile up in Australia the solution is often to send trash designated for recycling straight to landfill. China’s policy shift halved the value of recycling it collected in Australia and warned that the nation urgently needed a new national waste strategy.
Melbourne Current Waste And Recycling System
1 Source of waste
Waste mainly comes from the household, commercial industry and construction demolition. In Australia, every person produces an average of 3.4 KG per day.
2 Waste sorted into bins
Although Australia has a complete waste sorting system and most people follow it, the fact indicates "although we are doing garbage sorting every week, it feels like a scheme that actually garbages don't get reused in the country, the public is not informative about where our garbages go ''.
3&4 Bins collection
People living in houses, flats or apartments have their own garbage bin sizes and collection timetables. The wheelie bins could be taken away by workers or automatically emptied by a mechanical arm on the waste collection truck.
5&6 Waste transfer and recycle station
Wastes are transferred by trucks into stations and waited for further processing.
1 According to Australian News 11Network data, 3.3 billion plastic bags, 2.6 billion plastic coffee cups and 1.3 billion plastic bottles are used throughout Australia each year. 12 13 14
7&8&9 Waste crushing, sorting and compressing Wastes are crushed into small pieces and loaded to sorting platform by belt conveyors. The sorted garbages are compressed with machine to the form of cube.
10&11 Waste disposed into containers Waste that has been compressed is reloaded to containers.
12&13&14 Exportaion or Lanfill For many years Australia has been exporting millions of tonnes of plastic and other recyclable waste. The rest of them has piled up into hills, and most of them are plastic garbage.
[Step 2] Site Analysis - Kensington Waste Distribution Network And Waste Production Quantity Kensington is an inner suburb of Melbourne, 4 km north-west of Melbourne's central business district. Kensingtonâ€™s relatively simple building structure (mainly living) provides us with favorable research conditions, as a large number of household waste production could be found. Besides, one major waste recycling center in Melbourne, Dynon Road center, is located in South Kensington. Its waste distribution and recycling network is representative of other suburbs in Melbourne.
Maribyrnong River Citylink (Toll Road)
Location of bins in Kensington
Dynon Road Waste Centre
site train stations dwelling park/greening operation radius waste bins waste station
Bins Service Area
As the world's second-largest waste-producing country, Australia produces an average of 1.1 tons of garbage per person per year, equivalent to 3.4 kilograms per day. At the 2016 Australian census, Kensington had a population of 10,812, which means there are 128,662 kilograms food waste produced every week per person.
Current Network Structure [Data coming from Melbourne Open Data Platform]
[Step 3] Experimentations With Physarum To Study The Network The Wisdom of Physarum Polycephalum Physarum polycephalum, is a slime mold that inhabits shady, cool, moist areas, and is sensitive to light; in particular, light can repel the slime mold and be a factor in triggering spore growth. A team of Japanese and Hungarian researchers has shown P. polycephalum can solve the Shortest path problem: whenever it finds a food spot in a passing place, it established a network, and then continues to forage, eventually establishing a more stable network structure to connect the food. With more than two sources, the amoeba also produces efficient networks that similar to the existing train system, and "with comparable efficiency, fault tolerance, and cost". Similar results have been shown based on road networks in the Tokyo, United Kingdom, and the Iberian peninsula.
Procedure of Verification
Behavioral model of physarum
Result Data Points
Reflected mechanism in Urban Scale
Given that several scientific researches have verified the intelligence of physarum polucephalum, this unicellular organism and its biological phenomena reveals possibilities for computation. Thus we hypothesize an alternative ways of spatial reasoning that can redefine urbanity using the reflected urban mechanism obtained from the behavioral model of physarum. In order to do this, we conduct observational experiments in two different scales of the organism and we test the resulted patterns by refracting through them the urban and the architectural scale. The objective of the experimentation is to find the scientific correlation between data of microcosmic organisms and macroscopical urban planning. Experiments of Physarum Growth Process We selected four points with maximal population density from the previous mapping as the physarum origins and food positions. The experimental observation was carried out for 108 hours, and the walking track of physarum was recorded in a time interval. The experimental photos of physarum foraging process are demonstrated below.
T = 4h
T = 12h
T = 20h
T = 24h
T = 30h
T = 40h
T = 50h
T = 60h
T = 70h
T = 80h
T = 90h
T = 108h
Comparison of Experimental Results By comparing the physarum foraging networks to the site of Kensington, the structure of the microcosmic organism was reflected in the urban scale. Those four points with population density more than 200 persons per hectare are corresponding to areas of wastes production. Thus an organic and efficient network in which the waste can be collected as demanded can be obtained.
cereal 1 origin 1
230 per/hec 329 per/hec
Experiments Combined with Site
Digital Simulation of Physarum Foraging Process We introduced the final result of physarum foraging process into grasshopper for foraging trajectory simulation, and recorded the structural patterns and results under different parameters. The digital simulation can offer us a bio-analogical model for further analysis.
scatter = 20
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scatter = 280
scatter = 300
[Step 5] Two-dimensional Analysis Of Generated Network FINAL PARAMETER Repeat Time: 300 Start Point: 3 Serving Populatin: 10000 Station Number: 9 Route Subdivision: 9
The simulated route of physarum can be controlled by changing the number of serving population, the number of waste recycle stations and the number of route subdivisions. The computation helps us to obtain different spatial analysis results. physarum route
Through the simulation, a series of recycling routes were obtained by adjusting the parameters. The analysis of space network is coupled with the current wastes density of residential area with more population. Based on the wisdom of physarum, the results obtained through experiments are in good agreement with current situation: the most concentrated intersections of physarum network are corresponding to the densely populated area. This proves the scientific nature of the biological algorithm relying on such bacteria.
Serving population: 2000 Station number: 3 Route subdivision: 3
Waste density in mesh form
Shortest Walk number: 690
Serving population: 5000 Station number: 6 Route subdivision: 6
Waste density in mesh form
Shortest Walk number: 860
Serving population: 5000 Station number: 9 Route subdivision: 9
Waste density in mesh form
Shortest Walk number: 720
Serving population: 10000 Station number: 9 Route subdivision: 9
Waste density in mesh form
Shortest Walk number: 1252
[Step 6] Urban Integration - From Organic Waste Composting To Community Farms Based on the generated physarum network, we obtained 27 densely populated areas in which a lot of food waste was produced every day. We propose these points as construction sites to install the composting systems and organic farms, taking residential blocks as units, aiming to treat surplus organic food waste and recycle it rather than landfilling it. The digital simulation using algorithmic stigmergy and agent-based models leads us to the design of a self- sufficient recycling network that connects the location of composting and community farms. The selection of composting points is related to the amount of waste produced in the community. While the selection of farming points is related to the space available in Kensington.
Waste Composting Locations
Farming Locations 1
Name: Flemington bowling club Area: 3 hectares Population Density: 5-10 p/h Disposal Waste Amount: 450 kg Composting Capacity: 270 kg
2 Name: The crescent townhouse Area: 3 hectares Population Density: 10-20 p/h Disposal Waste Amount: 450 kg Composting Capacity: 270kg
Name: JJ Holland Park Area: 10 hectares Population Density: 5-10 p/h Disposal Waste Amount: 1.5 tons Composting Capacity: 900 kg
[Step 7] The Digital Formation Of Composting-Farming Network In view of the imperfection of the existing recycling system, we are focusing on the recycling of organic waste. Through the designed network they can be recycled within the community: after composting the food waste produced by the residents, they can grow vegetables and fruits as fertilizers on community farms, making the organic waste a sustainable resource. The original waste recycling system uses the garbage bins placed by residents as nodes for single streamline recycling. The final degradation is centralized in one center, where a large amount of garbage is compressed to be exported or landfilled. The original system is not only inconvenient for residents who miss the collecting time, but the constant influx of garbage is also likely to paralyze stations and even have caused the closure of Australia's largest recycling company because of the incapacity of disposal the waste accumulation. The design of the organic waste network is consists of three parts: residential blocks as the producer of food waste, composting nodes as midterm degradation into composts, and community farms as the receiver of composts to fertilize vegetables and fruits which can be consumed by local inhabitants. Through the calculation, Kensington produces 2 tonnes of food waste each day, which are distributed to 27 composting nodes. The generated compost can offer nutrition for 16 hectares of farms.
Compost Machine Community Farm Recycling Route Recycling Route Current Roads
Original Recycling System
Sustainable Resource Circulation
Designed Organic Recycling Network
Farms inserted in current parks
Decentralization of Waste Management
farms start points
The dispersion of nodes helps to relieve the pressure of one-stop garbage decomposition at existing waste disposal stations, as well as to offer convenience for transportation and application. The farm points are output to the target compost points in the most efficient way through parameterized bio-inspired simulation to construct a sustainable circulation of green waste recycling network structure.
composts target points
simulation of physarum
organic waste recycling network
[ Layered Design ]
Network Generation Process
The s Do y
Yes, it is said that the fertilizer for vegetables comes from our food waste.
streets have become clean recently. you know where our waste has gone ?
I heard a new community farm was built in the JJ Holland Park, then we can eat the vegetables and fruits planted by ourselves.
I just saw the garbage being transported to those yellow buildings. Are they the new recycle centers ?
It's said on TV that food wastes in our community are going to be recycled. We gonna be the first area in Melbourne that self-sufficient in food.
Organic waste produced within the community will be gathered and transported underground to the collecting points with compost machines inside.
Organic waste will be transformed into fertilizer through sifting, cutting, mixing and composting.
The processed fertilizer is transported to the community farm. The composts converted from food waste provide enough nutrients for the growth of plants and vegetables.
Fruits and vegetables produced in the community farm will be provided to the local citizens for free.
04_ Co-Play Link Invisible Border For Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cross-Boundary Students
Individual Work Course Assignment: Studio Alpha Open Project 105 Site: Border Between Mainland China and Hong Kong Instructor: Guoguo Contact Email: email@example.com December, 2019
The 2019-20 Hong Kong protests are ongoing demonstrations in Hong Kong triggered by The introduction of The Fugitive Offenders amendment bill by The Hong Kong government. The Rifts within society widened as potentially violent. Under such social conflicts and contradictions, Shenzhen-Hong Kong CrossBoundary Students are also faced with new challenges. This group born and studying in Hong Kong, but living in Shenzhen, always find confused with their own identity and belonging. They have to receive the disagreement and incomprehension of mainlanders and Hong Kong people to each other due to cultural and political differences. The daily crossing symbolizes the switch of identity, which squeezes these schoolchildren in the middle gap between the two regions and converted them to a special group. The political boundary is clear, while the psychological boundary is vague. In such an undefined gray area, Is it possible that architectural space is used to ease the conflict and disapproval between people? The project is located at Futian Port between Shenzhen Futian District and Lok Ma Chau in Hong Kong. Based on a 200-meter-long linear river-crossing corridor, a game place and playground are designed for enhancing the interaction of students from two regions. Through visual contact, cooperation and play interaction, the previous single cross-border flow line is transformed into an interesting and varied entertainment plaza, which blurring the concept of "boundary". The psychological changes during the spatial experiences represent how people move from prejudice, curiosity, observation to interaction and mutual recognition.
Âˇ Playground of Identity
Where Is The Future Of Shenzhenâ€“Hong Kong Cross-boundary Students? Every day nearly 30,000 cross-border students pass through the Futian Port on the Shenzhen River that separates mainland China and Hong Kong. These children cross the border every morning to go to school in Hong Kong and back home in Shenzhen in the night. They not only have to cope with the hardship of crossborder schooling, social and cultural differences, but also face the turbulence between the Mainland and Hong Kong. Behind the phenomenon are issues about the allocation of resources in Shenzhen, the attractiveness of Hong Kong's education, the relationship between the two places and the identity of the students. Under the influence of constant cultural and political conflicts, the young students have never needed a transition zone so urgently to assuage their social fears.
Futian Port Control Point Futian Checkpoint Station
7 6 3
ince g Prov g Don , Guan en g h z n o Shen ng K es, Ho erritori New T
Futian District 14
10 4 2
11,0m Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point
General Plan Of Co-Play Link 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07.
Fastway 1640 m² Runway 2110m² The hill 2770m² Children's Playground (for children under 10 years old) 1040m² Trampoline Park (for people of all ages) 1100m² Scenary Zone 180m² Cognitive Way 800m²
08. Public Stairs
09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Escape Game (for students over the age of 16) 760m² Book or Net Game (for high school students) 350m² Annular Maze (for people of all ages) 700m² Restroom 100m² Air Restaurant 270m² Viewing Plataform 185m²
15. Circular Pavilion
Indoor perspective of children's playground
Indoor Circulation And Psychological Changes The spatial organization emphasizes the psychological changes of people from Shenzhen and Hong Kong during the cross-border process. The purpose is to guide children from two regions to better understand each other with common interest and cooperation at the time of playing.
Curious fast channel
Hesitate children and adults intersection
Clear glass corridor
From Hong Kong
Curious partition wall
Unidentified black space
Excited public stairs
Happy Children and youth intersection
Hesitate book or internet
Enlighted ir restaurant
Delighted wing platform
Indoor perspective of the hill and runway
Wondering maze entrance
Confused main corridor
Ambivalent glass box
Unidentified black space
Curious partition wall
To Hong Kong
Excited trampoline park
Curious straight ladder
Clear underground exhibition hall
The students on both sides set off from the circular pavilions on the riverside, walking along the ramp. They are curious about the pedestrians on the other side because of the separation of the view by a risen wall. The dark opaque half-enclosed space at the terminal applies everyone a similar dark shadow, attracting people to move on. The central area is where people from the t wo regions interact and communicate together as their circulations are intersected randomly when playing.
2015 North China University of Technology Wood Construction Work
Bartlett Beijing 2018 Workshop - Wearable Devices
Undergraduate portfolio of architectre and urban design


text: Aashirvaad Atta with Multigrains is made using the choicest grains from fields across the country. It is a unique combination of six different grains – wheat, soya, channa, oat, maize, and psyllium husk. Aashirvaad Atta with Multigrains is high in fiber which aids digestion and keeps the gut healthy. It also contains iron which supports immunity thus securing exemplary health benefits for you and your family. The high-quality blend is sourced directly from the farmers to feast your taste buds with the wholesome goodness of multi-grains. If you eat healthily, you live healthily. Hence, at Aashirvaad, we give equal importance to health benefits without compromising on taste.

domain: food


text:
There was a strong rain during the night. Rūdolfs who was sleeping in the tent without the additional roof had to evacuate to the bungalo. Some rain continued in the morning. Caramelized doughnuts for breakfast were tasty. Agnese went to Wakai to pay for the car repair and the speedboat on Monday and she brought to us, guess what? Beer! Some people drank beer while it was cold, others decided to wait until evening.
Bravest men went to snorkel outside our bay where the corals are far better. For the lunch we had a giant grilled barracuda (!). After that half of the group went for a boat trip. We saw small islands and local houses but or goal was a lake of jellyfish. And there were many. Water in the lake is even saltier and hotter than in the ocean. We swam in a clear water, people could touch the jellyfish because they don’t sting. A lot of underwater pictures and video were taken. But I loved the best our second stop – a beautiful Bounty style bay with white sand and excellent corals. I snorkeled there in all directions. I and Rudolfs, we saw a clownfish.
After coming back to our Sunset Beach I laid in a hammock, drank beer and watched the setting sun. It sounds like a clichee, but you know, it works very well. After the diner we enjoyed a moonset and looked for the crabs along the beach. There is a lot of different crabs. Local cats helped us in this venture.
The ferry is not going from Wakai to Ampana every day but the speedboat is. Yet it only has place for about 17 people so it was important to buy tickets early for our big group.
I felt it already in the evening before. That smell. Like rotting fish. Swedish surstromming. Could it be a durian? I didn’t know. It certainly wasn’t my feet this time. The smell gave me a headache. Or perhaps I was just dehydrated. Morning came and we had sausages, peas and small sandwiches for breakfast. And off we go! I was driving, and it was quite a nice drive through villages and hilly terrain. We were going from Wuasa towards Doda to look for the ancient megaliths in this area. The road was often good but narrow, sometimes with really high grass on the sides, making it like driving in a tunnel. In many places the road was bad though, with potholes, mud, even bigger potholes and steep drop offs. There was a few military checkpoints. Closing in on Doda there was signs formegaliths both left and right. After trying the right hand path, which turned out to be blocked, we walked the left path to the Tadulaku megalithic complex.
The first thing that happened was that we met the lady from the National Park Service,who had provided us with information about Lore Lindu. Agnese had the chance to complain about the missleading information that it was possible to see tarsiers at lake Tambing. I went ahead of the others for some “alone time” with the megaliths and the chance to perhaps spot some birds. It was a really hot day and the sun was burning relentlessly. About half way around the complex I was glad to see a lonely pine tree, and rested under for a while, feeling right at home. Many of the megaliths were shaped like giant jars, and I heard afterwards that some had cooled themselves down in the water inside. One was shaped like a flying saucer and one was shaped like a person, or a god-like figure.
Then there was the long drive back to Poso. We had some rain. At one of the military checkpoints the soldiers wanted to take pictures with us. We all lined up for the cameras, with guns and all. Back in Poso it was hard to find a guest house, because nobody spoke English when Agnese tried to call different places. After a while we found a place next to the main road. After settling in, we went to a restaurant for grilled fish with rice and vegetables. For the night I was offered to sleep on the floor in one of the air-conditioned rooms but declined. It is usually a good idea to try to adapt to the heat, the air-con will just give you a cold. Tha was my reasoning. The other rooms were really hot though, and I had difficulties sleeping. When I woke up the next day, I realized I had got a cold.
We considered to go from Doda south and then west to Tentena as that seemed to be faster judging from Nokia maps (no other map app had anything at all in this area). Yet the local person said the road is not doable by car – but doable if we were hiking…
By this day I had learned enough Indonesian to be able to arrange rooms in guest houses or hotels, however when the person on the other end of the phone says they speak English, I’d expect them to understand more than “Hello”. Or if I tell them in Indonesian “please talk slowly”, it doesn’t help if they start laughing and talking even faster…
But Poso centre has many guest houses so the easiest was just to go to some and talk Indonesian in person. Then they realise you are not supposed to speak their language at all and are more patient.
Also Air-con is a must if possible at all (this hotel “Armada” only had 2 such rooms)

domain: travel


text:
We were very fortunate to be able to be in Vathi for the big Carnival parade. OK, maybe big is a bit of an overstatement. However it is obviously an important event for the island as winter wraps up and the preparations for summer start.
The thing that really struck me about the Carnival gathering is that it is the first time we really saw families gathered together since we have been here. Usually we had only seen men gathered together or having coffee in small groups. It was nice to see parents together with their children enjoying the day.
We have very much enjoyed our time house sitting here on Ithaca. Between car repairs, sick animals, torrential rains, and dodgy internet it has provided the challenges we needed to stay fresh and that, quite honestly, is way more important than most people are aware. Even after the challenges our time here has been great. The people have welcomed us and helped us every time we needed it. The weather has been fantastic considering the time of year and the animals we were fortunate enough to care for have left us with some wonderful memories and stories. Thank you Ithaca.

domain: sociology


text:
Kronenwetter is a village in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. It is the largest village by area in the State of Wisconsin and the third largest community by population in Marathon County. It is part of the Wausau, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the population of Kronenwetter was 7,210, an increase from the 2000 census which had the community at 5,369.. The residential community of Evergreen is located in the village. Evergreen was a former census-designated place.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 52.3 square miles (135.5 km²), of which, 51.9 square miles (134.5 km²) of it is land and 0.4 square miles (0.9 km²) of it (0.69%) is water. This makes the Village of Kronenwetter the largest Village in the State of Wisconsin.
Prior to the formation of the town of Kronenwetter, the area was composed of several small settlements. Around 1855, a native-American named Keeler dug a canal re-routing the Bull Jr. Creek over a drop to power a small sawmill he built. Other buildings were built and the area became known as Keelerville. In 1857, Sebastian Kronenwetter moved to the area and purchased the Keelerville sawmill, making it quite successful. In the years to follow Kronenwetter continued his success, owning a hotel and building a sawmill in what is now the city of Mosinee. In 1885, he was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly.

domain: geography


text:
Many of us fell in love with actresses Tichina Arnold and Tisha Campbell-Martin in their long-standing roles as Gina and Pam on the hit TV show “Martin.” The characters were so popular that, even today, years after the show has been off the air, many of us still refer to them as the characters: Gina and Pam. Yet, in addition to being accomplished actresses, what is even more remarkable about these two women is their friendship. In an industry where long-term, genuine friendships are rare, and tales of back-biting and bitter fall outs are all too common, it’s refreshing to see two talented, successful Black women who have seemingly supported one another and stuck together throughout their careers. So here is a little background and well-deserved recognition for the dynamic BFFs who have filled our lives with memorable TV shows, movies, and plenty of laughs:
Both Tichina and Tisha had an early exposure, and inclination, towards the arts. Tichina Arnorld was raised in Queens, New York, where she began performing and singing in church at the age of four. At only eight-years-old, Tichina Arnold earned her first role in a play called The Me Nobody Knows at the Billie Holiday Theater in Brooklyn. She went on to attend the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts where she continued her pursuits in both acting and music, landing roles in films such as “How I Got into College” and “Hope & Redemption: The Lena Baker Story.”
Tisha Campbell-Martin was born in Oklahoma City, yet raised in Newark, New Jersey. Her mother was a nurse, as well as a talented gospel singer, and vocal coach who (along with Tisha’s father) encouraged her love for music. However, Tisha’s interests in the arts did not stop there. She landed her first TV appearance at the age of six, in a 1974 episode of the PBS show The Big Blue Marble.” Tisha attended Newark Arts High School and went on to play in films such as “House Party 2” and “Boomerang.”
Before we knew them as Gina and Pam, the two actresses reportedly met on the set of “Little Shop of Horrors,” a comedic musical film adaptation of an off-Broadway musical. Tichina, 15, and Tisha, 16, played part of a three-girl chorus, showcasing both their singing and acting abilities. The film was shot in London and it was there that Tichina Arnold says the two became close. “We were all over London . . . We learned a whole lot and Tisha and I actually became best-friends because of it,” Arnold says in a recent interview with HipHollywood.com.
“Martin” & Beyond
Although both actresses had been actively working prior to landing their roles on the sitcom, “Martin,” it’s safe to say that many of us fell in love, or became acquainted, with the talented pair on the 1990’s hit TV show. The two were actually living together in L.A. at the time that it was proposed that they play roommates and best-friends, Gina and Pam. So while we laughed at Pam constantly taking jabs at ol’ Marty Mar’s height, or watched anxiously to see if Gina would continue to stand by her man through all his crazy antics, we could also relate to the sisterly, and true-to-life, bond between Arnold’s and Campbell-Martin’s characters.
Most recently, Tisha Campbell-Martin co-starred on the hit family sitcom “My Wife and Kids” from 2001 to 2005. Quite different from the sassy, career-oriented professional and long-term girlfriend she played on Martin, this character was a loving, yet humorous, mother, wife and homemaker named Jaye. In 2005 Tichina Arnold landed the role as the rambunctious Rochelle on “Everybody Hates Chris.” Her character played the outspoken, and often comical, wife and mother in the TV adaption of comedian Chris Rock’s life growing up in Bed-Stuy. Although this also was different role for Arnold, fans still got a taste of the actress’s naturally funny persona. Currently, Tisha is said to be working on a cookbook and a novel. While Tichina is working on releasing an album.
In the midst of all of this, Tisha married her husband Duane Martin, on August 17, 1996. To date, the couple has two sons. Tichina Arnold had a daughter, Alijah Kai, in 2004 with then-boyfriend and music producer Carvin Haggins. The actresses have shared all of these milestones together; whether it’s baby showers, weddings, red carpets premieres, or play dates with their children. And it can be assumed they have shared more than their share of laughs, good times, girl-talk, and fond memories as well.
Thank You for Being a Friend
So, it seems that there are no “juicy” tales of back-biting, jealousy or public fallouts when it comes to the friendship between actresses Tichina Arnold and Tisha Campbell-Martin. The only inkling of this that one might find is on that unforgettably funny episode of “Martin” when the two friends duke it out on stage as Patti Labelle and Effie as they audition for rapper B.I.G. Or maybe on those episodes of “Everybody Hates Chris,” when Tisha makes an appearance as the obnoxious and tasteless Peaches, going two-to-two with Tichina’s character Rochelle. If anything, their real-life relationship seems to mimic best their roles as best friends on the show “Martin.” In this rare, but beautiful, case, we have been blessed to witness two talented sisters grow, experience life and success together (and in their individuals careers) while staying close through it all. We, as women, can learn much from their example in both our personal and professional lives. And this is why we love Gina and Pam.

domain: artistic


text:
Modernizing and streamlining critical processes
Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) was working with a legacy database system with outdated information about electrical assets and inaccurate information on the location of illegal consumers. The database was also prone to electricity theft. They set out to index all consumers within their network, geo-reference all existing customers, and expand the billing database by regularizing all illegal consumers into the billing net. They leveraged FME to create the comprehensive, GIS-based Electrical Assets Mapping and Consumer Indexing Project.
FME ran QA/QC checks on multiple data sources, resulting in a street-based map. Data is transformed and loaded into a geospatial database that matches geospatial customer data with non-spatial counterparts in the billing database. With FME, EEDC ensures coordinate accuracy and can automatically generate 26-digit codes for about 5,000,000 building footprints.
EEDC can now quickly see the number of buildings they supply and the length of roads in their franchise area, which has helped in the development of the data-rich EEDC Base Map. They can also evaluate the coordinates and status of electrical assets in their network for seamless fault reporting, tracking, tracing, and in-depth analysis. FME was critical in developing their asset information system.
With a more modern and streamlined process, EEDC has increased their customer base, grown their revenue, mitigated theft and leakages, and more efficiently markets their services.


Clear Lam Packaging Inc. has won a 2014 AmeriStar Award for its Fisher Roasted Party Peanuts PrimaPak package from the Institute of Packaging Professionals, the second major award for this new patented technology.
Developed by Clear Lam to replace bulky rigid jars, blow-molded containers, injection-molded packages, composite cans and dysfunctional standup pouches, the PrimaPak package is the industry’s first-ever flexible, stackable and reclosable packaging produced on a vertical form-fill-seal machine. Clear Lam received the packaging award at a ceremony held June 10 in New York City.
“We believe this packaging solution is a game-changer for the industry. Not only does it address current environmental concerns, it delivers significant cost savings to processors and manufacturers,” says James Sanfilippo, president and CEO of Clear Lam Packaging Inc. “This recognition by a panel of our peers validates the advances made in our manufacturing practices and the hard work our entire Clear Lam team has undertaken to make our PrimaPak package commercially successful.”
One of North America’s most important packaging award competitions, the AmeriStar Award recognizes packaging innovation across a range of consumer packaged goods, pharmaceutical and industrial categories. Entries were evaluated by a panel of judges based on innovation, product protection, economics, package performance, marketing and environmental impact.
Recognized in the Shelf Stable Food Category, the award winning PrimaPak package is produced from lightweight laminated rollstock incorporating the Prima ExoShell and Clear Lam’s peel-and-reseal lidding system. Combining all components of the finished rollstock into one roll of film eliminates the need for pre-formed bases, lids, labels and shrink bands, reducing direct materials costs and packaging waste. The finished package resembles a pop-up box and is stackable, improving package cube by 30 percent or more. This translates into truckload and warehouse space savings, reducing fuel costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
IoPP's AmeriStar Packaging Awards competition commemorates the best packages of the year and pays tribute to the industry thought leaders advancing their company's goals of packaging innovation, differentiation, savings and growth.
For nearly a decade, Clear Lam has invested extensively in research and development through its Project EarthClear initiative to commercialize new packaging technologies that minimize the impact on the environment. These efforts include packaging materials made from renewable plastics, materials that incorporate recycled content and lightweighting technologies designed to reduce weight and enhance cubing.
Clear Lam Packaging Inc.


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New 3 Speed Automotive Car Air Conditioning Evaporator Assembly Unit With Outlet
[Suitable Vehicle] This auto air conditioner evaporator assembly with air vents is suitable for cars, trucks, RVs, etc. Item Type: Automotive Air Conditioner Evaporator Assembly With Air Outlet.