5 Web3 Use Cases
5 Web3 Use Cases
Decentralized networks, commonly referred to as Web3 technology, represent the evolution of the traditional internet, incorporating principles from blockchain and cryptography.
Compared to the centralized Web2, Web3 empowers individuals with greater control over their data, digital assets, and online interactions. To demonstrate the disruptive potential of Web3 technology across various industries, this article explores five noteworthy use cases.
Use Case 1: Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Ecosystem
DeFi is one of the most well-known and effective Web3 use cases. Users can access financial services in Web3 without the need for intermediaries like brokers or banks. Blockchain platforms with smart contracts enable lending, yield farming, and liquidity provision.
Users can lend cryptocurrencies and earn interest through initiatives like Aave and Compound, while protocols like Uniswap and SushiSwap allow for decentralized token trading.
To engage with DeFi, users need access to decentralized exchanges like Uniswap and cryptocurrency wallets like MetaMask. They can deposit funds into DeFi protocols, participate in lending, liquidity mining, and trading, all without intermediaries, and reap the benefits of decentralized financial services.
Use Case 2: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and Digital Ownership
Web3 has sparked the NFT revolution, allowing for the creation of unique and inherently scarce digital assets. NFTs represent ownership of various digital goods, including collectibles, virtual properties, and more. Examples include the digital collectible characters known as "CryptoPunks" and the virtual cat trading platform "CryptoKitties," where users can exchange exclusive, uniquely featured virtual cats.
Users looking to get started with NFTs need a cryptocurrency wallet compatible with NFTs. They can then utilize blockchain technology for ownership verification and explore NFT marketplaces like OpenSea or Rarible to purchase, sell, or create one-of-a-kind digital items such as artwork, collectibles, and virtual real estate.
Use Case 3: Decentralized Social Media and Content Platforms
Web3 is fundamentally changing how social media and content distribution work. Decentralized social media platforms like Steem and Hive pay content creators in cryptocurrency directly based on user engagement and voting, eliminating the need for centralized content curators. Users are granted ownership of their data and content, and are encouraged to make valuable contributions to the platform.
To get started with decentralized social media and content platforms, users can create accounts on platforms like Steem or Hive, where content creators earn cryptocurrency rewards based on user engagement.
Use Case 4: Supply Chain Transparency with Web3
Web3 technology's document transparency and tamper resistance can improve supply chain management. Companies can monitor the movement of products from raw materials to end consumers by integrating blockchain technology into their supply chain systems.
The result is enhanced accountability, reduced fraud, and increased consumer confidence. Examples of blockchain-based supply chain solutions include VeChain and IBM Food Trust.
These solutions leverage blockchain's immutability and transparency, allowing businesses to track and verify product movements in real-time, ensuring product quality and authenticity. This helps reduce illicit activities within the supply chain, enhances product traceability, and provides consumers with more information to trust and make purchases easily.
Use Case 5: Governance and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs)
Web3 enables novel decentralized governance models, where DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations) are used to facilitate community-driven decision-making processes. These DAOs utilize smart contracts for automatic voting and resource allocation. For example, DAOs supporting projects like MakerDAO and Aragon allow token holders to propose and vote on governance modifications for protocols and projects.
To begin participating in DAOs, users need to have a cryptocurrency wallet and can engage with DAOs on platforms like Aragon. On these platforms, they can vote on proposals, submit ideas, and influence decisions in a decentralized and community-driven manner.
The advantage of this model lies in giving communities more significant decision-making power and control, making project governance more transparent and democratic. Simultaneously, it encourages more users to participate in project development and decision-making, promoting broader community collaboration and consensus-building.
Web3 technology is transforming the digital landscape across various industries. By empowering users with more ownership, control, and participation, decentralized networks become more user-centric, transparent, and secure. As Web3 technology continues to evolve, its use cases may continue to expand, sparking further innovation and disruption.
The development of Web3 technology is gradually changing how we interact with the digital world, offering users more autonomy and control while enhancing the security and transparency of the digital environment. This trend will continue to drive the development of various industries and open up more possibilities for future innovations.
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text:
Upgrading of an index-oriented methodology for consequence analysis of natural hazards: application to the Upper Guil catchment (southern French Alps)
- 1Université Paris-Diderot (Paris 7), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 8586 PRODIG, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
- 2Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7362 LIVE, 3 rue de l'Argonne, 67000 Strasbourg, France
Correspondence: Benoît Carlier (firstname.lastname@example.org) and Anne Puissant (email@example.com)
Vulnerability is a complex concept involving a variety of disciplines from both the physical and socio-economic sciences. Currently, two opposite trends exist: the physical approach in which vulnerability is analysed as a sum of potential impacts on elements at risk and the social approach in which vulnerability is mostly viewed as a combination of socio-economic variables determining people's ability to anticipate, cope with and recover from a catastrophic event. Finding a way to combine these two approaches is a key issue for a global vulnerability assessment. In this paper we propose to combine elements from these two approaches through the analysis of the potential consequences of a high-magnitude flood event (recurrence interval (RI) > 100 years) on human and material stakeholders. To perform our analysis, we choose to upgrade an existing index, the Potential Damage Index (PDI; Puissant et al., 2013), by including social criteria. The PDI was originally developed to assess the physical consequences of hazards on the elements at risk (people, building and lands). It is based on the calculation of three sub-indices representing different types of direct and indirect consequences: physical injury consequences (PIC), structural and functional consequences (SFC), indirect functional consequences (IC). Here, we propose to add a fourth sub-index representing the social consequences. This new sub-index, called social consequences (SC) is obtained by combining criteria derived from INSEE French census data and a risk-perception survey conducted in the field. By combining the four indices (PIC, SFC, IC and SC), we managed to create a new index called the Potential Consequences Index (PCI). The new PCI was tested on the Upper Guil catchment to assess the consequences of a high-magnitude flood event (RI > 100 years). Results of the PDI were compared with the PCI and show significant differences. The upgrade to the PDI method provided us with many inputs. The introduction of elements from social vulnerability added an extra dimension to the total consequence map. It allowed us to qualify the potential physical consequences (physical injury, structural and functional consequences) on elements at risk by considering the global resilience of local communities.
In Europe, small Alpine communities are particularly exposed to natural hazards due to characteristics inherent to the physical and the socio-economic environment (Zingari and Fiebiger, 2002). Alpine areas are generally characterised by step gradient, tectonic activity and harsh climates resulting in dynamic gravitational and torrential processes causing hazards (Keiler and Fuchs, 2016; Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2011). They are also characterised by a high level of vulnerability caused by scattered populations and resources (Hewitt and Metha, 2012), limited accessibility (Leone et al., 2014) and strong dependencies to seasonal tourism activities (Elsasser and Bürki, 2002; Muhar et al., 2007). In addition, the lack of building zones leads to a concentration of stakeholders in areas exposed to natural hazards (debris fans, floodplains, unstable terrains, etc.), causing risk (Arnaud-Fassetta et al., 2005; Puissant et al., 2013). For communities with limited resources, risk management leads to important costs and has a significant impact on public opinion (Barroca et al., 2005). As the global climatic and socio-economic environment changes drastically, this concern is increasing (Pachauri et al., 2014; Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2011, 2016; Aitsi-Selmi et al., 2015; Alcántara-Ayala et al., 2015). The alpine environment is, in fact, very sensitive to global changes (IPCC, 2012). The impact of such changes on hazard magnitudes and frequencies will be significant and may increase the probability of occurrence of a catastrophic event (Schoeneich and De Jong, 2008; Keiler et al., 2010; Lafaysse, 2011; IPCC, 2012; Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2016).
However, studies on risk assessment on a regional or local scale are frequently hazard centred. As a consequence, the vulnerability component is often limited (Reghezza, 2006; Reghezza and Rufat, 2015; Zahran et al., 2008; Jeffers, 2013). It is now recognised that risk assessment cannot be reduced by focusing solely on hazards (Birkmann et al., 2013). Vulnerability is also an essential part of the risk assessment (Varnes, 1984; Fuchs et al., 2017). Vulnerability assessment related to natural hazards is a relatively recent research field (Totschnig and Fuchs, 2013). There is still no consensus on a single definition of vulnerability (Fuchs et al., 2007; Birkmann et al., 2013). It is a complex concept involving a variety of disciplines from both the physical and socio-economic sciences (Fuchs, 2007; Fuchs et al., 2009; Birkmann et al., 2013; Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2017). If the number of vulnerability components is also debated (Tapsell et al., 2010; Ciurean et al., 2013), two main research approaches dominate: the “physical approach” and the “social approach”. For environmental researchers and engineers, vulnerability is defined as “a degree of loss to a given element within the area affected by a hazard” (UNDRO, 1984). Vulnerability is considered to be the total potential consequences of a process impacting human interests (Glade, 2003; Fuchs et al., 2007; Puissant et al., 2013). Social scientists define vulnerability as “the characteristics of a person or group in terms of their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from impacts of a hazard” (Blaikie et al., 1994; Cutter et al., 2003; Steinführer et al., 2009). It refers to socio-economic and demographic factors that may affect the resilience of communities (Clark et al., 1998; Cutter et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2002; Chakraborty et al., 2005; Flanagan et al., 2012). These two theories must be combined in order to reduce susceptibility to hazard and to create disaster-resilient communities (Fuchs, 2009; Fuchs et al., 2012; Birkmann et al., 2013). Recently, significant efforts were made to combine social and physical vulnerability. For example, Ebert et al. (2009) combined social vulnerability indicators with physical characteristics derived from airborne imagery and GIS data. Armas and Gavris (2013) and Armas et al. (2017) combined social and economic vulnerability with housing quality. Koks et al. (2015) combined hazard and exposure with a social vulnerability index to assess flood risk in the Netherlands. In the same way, Chang et al. (2015) used vulnerability indicators considering the economic, social, built and natural capital. Karagiorgos et al. (2016) used vulnerability function and socio-economic variables to assess physical and social vulnerability of the elements at risk face to a flash-flood event in East Attica, Greece. Eidsvig et al. (2017) used a physical vulnerability indicator together with a social vulnerability indicator to assess the risk induced by natural hazards to infrastructure.
Currently, three different methods are commonly used to assess vulnerability: (1) vulnerability matrices, (2) vulnerability functions and (3) vulnerability indicators (Messner et al., 2007; Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2017). (1) Vulnerability matrices are a qualitative method which provides some advantages. The relationship between the process and consequence is clearly expressed and easy to understand by non-experts. The information on the exact intensity of the processes is not needed and the costs of the exact damages expressed in monetary value are not requested (Fuchs et al., 2007; Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2017). The main default of matrices remains in the description of damages. They may be very subjective, making it difficult to replicate in another sector. By contrast, vulnerability functions (i.e. damage curves and fragility functions), (2) express vulnerability in a quantitative way, by translating damage into monetary value (Fuchs et al., 2007; Messner et al., 2007; Tarbotton et al., 2015). As a result, the vulnerability function allows us to establish a clear relation between financial losses and hazard intensity and perform a cost–benefit analysis (Tarbotton et al., 2015; Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2017). On the other hand, vulnerability functions are dependent on the quality and the quantity of the data collected. They require a large number of the elements at risk to be efficient and they cannot be transferred to areas with different housing types. Last but not least, important characteristics of the elements at risk are not taken into account (Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2017). For Rygel et al. (2006), Birkmann (2006) and Kappes et al. (2012) the more effective way to assess vulnerability is to create an index from a suite of indicators. (3) This approach provides many advantages: it includes the analysis of all the relevant types of consequences without monetary measures (Meyer et al., 2009), no empirical data are needed (Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2017), it considers the different characteristics of the elements at risk (Puissant et al., 2013) and it is flexible enough to be adjusted to different hazards and places (Kappes et al., 2012). Furthermore, the improvement of GIS technology with the ability to integrate information from various fields makes it easy to develop a high-resolution vulnerability index with an operative perspective (Wood and Good, 2004; Nelson et al., 2015).
In the context of the French-funded ANR project SAMCO (Society Adaptation for coping with Mountain risks in a global change COntext), a comparative analysis on the topic of mountain risks was engaged on three representative mountain case studies: the Upper Guil catchment (southern French Alps), prone to torrential floods; the Ubaye catchment (southern French Alps), predisposed to landslides; and the Cauterets Valley (French Pyrenees), affected by rockfalls. The aim of the project was to develop methodological tools to characterise and measure societal resilience with an operative perspective (http://www.anr-samco.com/, last access: 1 July 2018, SAMCO ANR project, 2017). In this regard, studies were conducted with consideration to the different steps of risk analysis – i.e. hazard analysis, exposure analysis and consequence analysis (Bründl et al., 2009). The final product of the SAMCO project is a GIS-based demonstration platform for elected officials and local stakeholders. The present paper is focused on a new method that assesses physical and social vulnerability together. This method was developed to assess the vulnerability of elements at risk in the Upper Guil catchment (Fig. 1) in front of a high-magnitude flood event (recurrence interval (RI) > 100 years). To perform this work, we opted for an indicator-based vulnerability approach. The proposed indicator, called the Potential Consequences Index (PCI) is oriented on a potential consequences assessment. According to Fell et al. (2008), consequences may be defined as “the potential outcomes arising from the occurrence of a hazard expressed qualitatively or quantitatively in terms of loss, disadvantage or gain, damage, injury or loss of life”. Consequence analysis is, together with hazard evaluation, one of the major steps of flood risk assessment (Bründl et al., 2009; Kappes et al., 2012; Puissant et al., 2013).
The PCI consists of upgrading an existing index called the Potential Damage Index (PDI). The PDI was developed and improved by Puissant et al. (2006, 2013) to estimate the potential consequences of a natural hazard on elements at risk (building, network and land occupation). It is obtained by combining three indices representing direct physical injury, structural and functional consequences, and indirect consequences – indirect functional consequences – of hazards on the element at risk. These three indices are built with data representing the characteristics of each element at risk (material, age, number of occupied floors, etc.). In the PCI we added a fourth index called Social Consequences Index (SCI) representing the socio-economic consequences of a hazard on the community resilience. SCI variables are derived from French national census data at community level (INSEE) and data from a risk-perception survey conducted in the six municipalities of the Upper Guil catchment (Ristolas, Abriès, Aiguilles, Château-Ville-Vieille, Molines-en-Queyras and Saint-Véran). The PCI is obtained by combining the new Social Consequences Index (SCI) with the Physical Injury Index (PII), the Structural and Functional Index (SFI) and the Indirect Functional Index (IFI) from the PDI. Results obtained for the PCI are then applied to the Upper Guil catchment and compared to those obtained with the PDI.
The area of interest is the Upper Guil catchment, a 366 km2 area covering six small municipalities (<400 inhabitants): Ristolas, Abriès, Aiguilles, Château-Ville-Vieille, Molines-en-Queyras and St-Véran. It broadly corresponds to the historic territory of Queyras, a landlocked area located in the Hautes-Alpes French department, near the Italian border (Fig. 1). The altitude ranges from 1200 m a.s.l. at the outflow of the River Guil to over 3300 m a.s.l. along the highest summits surrounding the catchment.
2.1 Physical context
Due to some predisposing (schist bedrock supplying abundant debris, structural opposite slopes, strong hillslope channel connectivity) and triggering (summer and winter Mediterranean rainstorms) factors, the Upper Guil catchment is particularly prone to hydrogeomorphic hazards such as torrential floods, debris flows, landslides, rockfalls or avalanches (Fort et al., 2002, 2014; Arnaud-Fassetta et al., 2004, 2005, 2014). These hazards frequently impact the local population (fatalities, destruction of buildings and infrastructure, loss of agricultural land, road closures) causing difficulties for local managers, who also have to cope with the legislation and management procedures of the Parc Naturel Régional du Queyras (PNRQ) (Arnaud-Fassetta et al., 2004, 2005). Most catastrophic episodes are related to torrential floods as in 1957, 2000, 2002, 2008 and 2011 (PNRQ, 2016). The two main events described in the literature took place in June 1957 (>100 year RI, EUR 15 million damage) and June 2000 (30 year RI, ≈ EUR 5 million damage) (Arnaud-Fassetta et al., 2004; Tricart, 1958). These catastrophic episodes have severely impacted the mentalities and entailed considerable expenses in terms of risk management and protective structures (dykes, embankments, thresholds, etc.) (Fig. 2). Due to the obsolescence of protective measures and local planner requirements in new studies, it was necessary to assess vulnerability in this area.
2.2 Socio-economic context
Today, the area counts 1770 inhabitants (INSEE, 2012), making it one of France's less densely populated districts (<5 inhabitants by km2). However, during the peak of the touristic season (summer and winter holidays), the resident population can be multiplied by a factor of 10 (INSEE, 2008). Since the second half of the 20th century, Alpine territories have experienced significant changes on their land cover/uses and economic activities (Fuchs et al., 2013). In the Queyras, the progressive decline of agro-pastoralism and the development of skiing tourism activities led to a concentration of human stakeholders in areas that are particularly exposed to several natural hazards (torrential fans and valley bottom). The current land cover/use is the result of a combination of these important changes in human activities together with the impacts of past catastrophic events. Actually, land cover classes are 29 % forest, around 30 % bare rocks and alluvial deposits, 38 % grassland, 3 % agricultural lands and less than 1 % building areas. Apart from houses, major stakeholders are public and administrative services (city hall, schools, hospital, fire station, etc.), industrial and artisanal warehouses and, of course, touristic infrastructure (shops, hotels, museum, ski resorts, etc.). The departmental road (D947) is the most important lifeline ensuring the link with the nearest urban centres (Guillestre, Embrun, Gap). These relatively recent stakeholders are mostly located in areas exposed to natural hazards (Arnaud-Fassetta et al., 2004).
PCI is used to assess the physical and social consequences of a hazard on elements at risk (people, buildings, networks and land cover/uses). It consists of an upgrade of the PDI developed by Puissant et al. (2006, 2013). To better understand the method, we will first describe the PDI methodology and then take a look at the upgrade used to obtain the PCI.
3.1 General framework of the Potential Damage Index (PDI)
The PDI methodology is indicator oriented. To be used in practice, it is based on the use of commercial databases, aerial imagery and GIS technologies. In the PDI, consequences are expressed in a semi-quantitative way through an index called Total Consequences Index (CTI). CTI is obtained by combining three sub-indices representing the direct and indirect consequences of a hazard on elements at risk (Fig. 3): (1) the PII represents the consequences on people in their physical integrity, (2) the direct SFI expresses the direct and short-term effects on buildings, infrastructure and human activities, and (3) the IFI illustrates the long-term effects on socio-economic activities (Puissant et al., 2013). To obtain these indices and compute the TCI, three steps are required (Puissant et al., 2006). First, the element at risk and its relevant attribute are identified and compiled into a complete database. Then, each modality of the attribute compiled is ranked through an expert weighting (Fig. 3 and Table 1). The value applied is called the Damage Index (di). It is standardised on a scale from zero to one, with higher index values indicating higher potential consequences (Table 1). In the third step, direct (PII and SFI) and indirect (IFI) consequences are modelled using a linear combination. In this step, a coefficient is assigned to each variable with respect to the socio-economic context of the region and the type of consequence assessed (direct or indirect) (Fig. 3 and Table 1). The coefficient, called the local index (Li) varies from 1 to 4. To finish, the three sub-indices are combined to obtain the PDI. In order to be used in a risk analysis, PDI is reclassified in five classes and mapped. With a matrix, PDI map is then combined with a hazard map (reclassified in five classes as well) to obtain a type 1957 flood risk map (Table 2). As support for this work, data sets from Institut National de l'Information Géographique et forestière (IGN BD ORTHO/BD TOPO, 2009) were used. To complete our database, an intensive field investigation was carried out in association with the use of Google Street View® and OpenStreetMap® software. Land cover and land uses maps were produced on GIS by combining photo interpretative work with data on natural protected areas (DREAL PACA, 2016), agricultural land (PRG, 2012) and touristic infrastructure (prospectuses, touristic maps, etc.).
IP: investigated population. *Artisants, Commerçants et Chefs d'Entreprise ou Cadres et Professions Intellectuelle Supérieur. Data from SAMCO risk-perception survey.
3.2 General framework of the Potential Consequences Index (PCI)
In the proposed PCI, PDI methodology has been modified to assess both physical and social consequences. The upgrade consists of the addition of a fourth sub-index in the calculation of the TCI (Fig. 3). This sub-index, called the SCI, is built to represent the social consequences of a hazard on community resilience. The use of an indicator to assess social consequences requires the selection of specific criteria that unequivocally represent the different aspects of social vulnerability (Cutter et al., 2003; Rygel et al., 2006). Literature on vulnerability identifies many elements that contribute to different abilities to cope with hazards (Table 3). Today, the majority of the analyses produced use data from national census to build social vulnerability indices (Cutter et al., 2000, 2008; Wu et al., 2002; Chakraborty et al., 2005; Fekete, 2009; Guillard-Gonçalves et al., 2014, Zhang and You, 2014; Huang et al., 2015; Koks et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2015; Frigerio et al., 2016; Karagiorgos et al., 2016; Rogelis et al., 2016; Aroca-Jimenez et al., 2017; Heß, 2017). Some indicators repeatedly appear in these analyses such as poverty, age, education or disabilities (Table 3). In agreement with these existing published references, socio-economic data were collected for the six municipalities of the Upper Guil catchment. A set of 21 criteria was first selected (Table 4). Sixteen of them come from the open-access French national statistical database of the Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE) (INSEE, 2006, 2012, 2015). Five others were selected in a risk-perception survey taken during the SAMCO project. This survey consisted in a questionnaire (38 questions) carried out during autumn 2014 and summer 2015 and 2016 on the six municipalities of the Upper Guil catchment (Fig. 1). It is focused on three main issues: (1) inhabitant perception of the different risks (torrential floods, avalanches, landslides and rockfalls), (2) inhabitant knowledge of preventive and protective measures and (3) inhabitant confidence in stakeholders. A hundred questionnaires were collected (about 5 % of the total population): 8 in Ristolas (10.53 %), 22 in Abriès (6.85 %), 22 in Aiguilles (4.95 %), 16 in Château-Ville-Vieille (4.58 %), 17 in Molines-en-Queyras (5.45 %) and 15 in St-Véran (5.86 %). People were interviewed in-person or by paper questionnaires that were delivered and recovered in person. Special attention was given to a representative view of the socio-economic characteristics of the local population. Indeed, in the second and third campaigns, the surveyed people were selected for their demographic and socio-economic characteristics according to INSEE census data (INSEE, 2012, 2015).
To reduce the number of variables and avoid useless repetition we performed a principal component analysis (PCA) on our data set. We conserved only the criteria containing the highest percentage of information on axis F1 and F2 (Fig. 4). There were six: (1) age, (2) household income, (3) level of education, (4) flood risk perception, (5) level of information on flood risk and (6) confidence in stakeholders (Fig. 4). With respect to PDI methodology, the modalities of the six selected criteria were ranked and a value of 0 to 1 was assigned to them (Table 5). In PCI methodology the term of the consequence index (ci) is preferred to the damage index (id) from PDI. A local index (il) is then assigned to the six criteria with respect to their relative importance in the PCA produced. SCI is calculated using linear combinations on GIS (raster calculator tool on ArcGIS) and applied to each building of the six studied municipalities. Due to the lack of data on a building scale, SCI is equally applied for all the buildings of a same community. The PCI is then calculated by adding the index scores of the four sub-indices (SCI, PII, SFI and IFI) (Fig. 3). PCI is finally reclassified in five classes and mapped. Using a matrix, PCI map is combined with a flood hazard map (in five classes) to obtain a type 1957 flood risk map (Table 2).
3.3 Flood hazard mapping
Several hazard maps were produced in the SAMCO project. To focus on the new method found to assess physical and social consequences, a single scenario of flooding is considered in this paper. The selected scenario represents a flood type 1957 (RI > 100 years). We voluntarily selected a scenario with the more important spatial extent to highlight the differences between the PDI and the PCI. The type 1957 flood map was made using the hydraulic modelling software HecRAS®. Fifteen cross sections representing a linear stream of 58.2 km were characterised (Table 6). Due to the lack of accurate data for all the streams of the subcatchment, only eight of them were taken into account in our model (Table 6). Geometry (stream, river banks and flood plains) was extracted from a DEM (digital elevation model) at 1 m resolution. This DEM was produced with lidar data provided by the Regional Natural Park of Queyras (PNRQ). Flooded surfaces (extent, depth, speed) were extrapolated using 371 sections, extracted from our DEM. To take into account the protection along the reaches, dykes and artificial channels were incorporated into the model. The generated flooded surface has an extension of 2.88 km2. This envelope provides a good overview of the water flows and allows a quick and clear visualisation of the potentially flooded areas. The flood map used in this paper was reclassified into five classes considering water elevation (Fig. 5).
Using the methods previously described, PDI and PCI were calculated and mapped for the six municipalities of the Upper Guil catchment. The distribution of the values calculated for both PDI and PCI are symmetric. As a consequence we chose to classify all the maps in five classes using averaging and standard deviation. To get a better understanding, PDI results are described before PCI results. Then, a complete comparison between PDI and PCI results is proposed. To highlight differences between the two models, networks and land cover/uses are ignored in this part of the analysis.
4.1 Description of the PDI results
The PDI map for flooding is obtained for the Upper Guil catchment by summing the direct PII, SFI and IFI (Fig. 3). CTI scores for buildings ranging between 8.9 and 34.8 (mean: 24.5) (Fig. 7a, b and c). For the sub-indices, the highest scores are generally observed for the PII (mean: 10.9) and the lowest for the Socio-Economic Index (mean: 4.1). SFI scores are the average of them (mean: 9.5). Close-up of Aiguilles, Abriès and Ristolas villages are shown in Fig. 6a, b and c. The produced map displays a majority of buildings with moderate to high scores of total potential consequences for the all studied communities. Buildings with the highest scores are mainly located in the vicinity of the Guil River or one of its main tributaries (Fig. 6a, b and c). Major stakeholders such as rescue centres (hospital, fire station, etc.), town halls and schools are also classified with a high degree of potential consequences. This is due to their important function in local life. Conversely, churches, sheds and warehouses have a low degree of potential consequences. In town centres, buildings with trading or touristic functions are generally in the “high” consequence class, whereas those which only have a housing function are classified as “moderate”. Sparse housing areas (mostly located on the heights) have a high degree of total potential consequences because they were not constructed to resist floods (large opening on ground floor, less resistant building materials, etc.). In most cases, these houses have virtually no chance of being impacted by a flood because they are located away from the torrential streams.
4.2 Description of the PCI results
The PCI is obtained by summing the direct PII, the direct SFI, the IFI and the new SCI (Fig. 3). PCI scores calculated for building range from 14.7 to 44 (mean: 31.8) (Fig. 7d, e and f). SCI scores calculated for the six municipalities ranged between 5.2 and 9.2 (mean: 7.2) (Table 7). They are in the same order of magnitude than those of the three other indices used in PCI calculation (PII, SFI and IFI). The PCI map produced for the Upper Guil catchment displays a majority of buildings classified with moderate degree of total potential consequences. (Fig. 6d, e, f). At the community level, buildings classified with high or very high degree of potential consequences are mainly located near the Guil River or one of its main tributaries. Collective housing and major stakeholders (hospital, town halls, schools, etc.) are generally classified with higher potential consequences (Fig. 6d, e, f) than individual housing. In most cases, churches, sheds and warehouses are classified with a low or very low degree of potential consequences. Despite these general tendencies, we observe differences from one community to another. At the Upper Guil catchment level, the studied communities can be divided into three groups (Fig. 6 and Table 7). The first group is made up of communities with a large number of buildings classified with a high and very high degree of total potential consequences: Aiguilles and Saint Véran. A second one is formed by communities with most of their buildings being classified with moderate potential consequences: Château-Ville-Vieille and Molines-en-Queyras. The third group is composed of communities with buildings classified with low to moderate total potential consequences: Abriès and Ristolas. These differences between communities are directly related to SCI scores. The comparison between Ristolas and Aiguilles communities speaks for itself (Fig. 6d, f). The Ristolas community has the lowest SCI score (Table 7). People living here have a good perception of flood-related risks, indicating a high level of preparedness. They have confidence in local managers and there are only a few dependent people (children or elderly people) to care for when an unexpected situation arises. This suggests a high capacity to react when confronted to a catastrophic episode. In addition, they are globally wealthier than the other studied communities. They theoretically have a better ability to quickly recover after a material loss. By contrast, the Aiguilles community has high CTI and SCI scores indicating a lower ability to cope with hazards (Table 7). Compared to other communities, Aiguilles have more dependant people to care for. In addition, people have a lack of information on flood risks and tend to underestimate the danger represented by floods. Aiguilles citizens earn less and have less confidence in their local managers. In the case of Ristolas, CSI tends to reduce the total potential consequences, contrary to Aiguilles. In other words, a community with a resilient population can qualify results obtained for physical consequences.
4.3 Comparison between PDI and PCI maps
The PCI is developed as an upgrade of the PDI method. As a consequence, we can observe some similarities between PDI and PCI maps produced (Fig. 6). In most cases, buildings classified with the highest level of potential consequences are buildings considered essential in local life (city hall, hospital, police and fire stations, etc.). In both maps, buildings located in a previously inundated area are also classified with a high degree of total potential consequences (Fig. 6a, b, d, e). Likewise, buildings classified with low or very low potential consequences are generally buildings with no essential function in local life like churches, sheds, warehouses or empty buildings. Moreover, buildings constructed in the last 20 years (mostly individual housing) generally have a higher degree of potential consequences than older buildings. With the PCI method, the influence of the physical consequences indices (PII, SFI and IFI) is thus globally preserved at the community level. The introduction of SCI allows us to qualify the total potential consequences of the elements at risk with regard to the ability of each community to cope with hazards. Ristolas and Abriès have low SCI scores. Floods will have less of an impact on these communities. As a result, elements at risk are classified with lower total potential consequences in comparison with PDI. By contrast Aiguilles and Saint Véran communities have high SCI scores indicating a low ability to cope with hazards. The buildings of these two communities are thus classified with higher total potential consequences in the PCI map and higher potential risk in the risk map produced (Fig. 7). As SCI is equally applied to all the buildings of a community, it tends to homogenise PCI scores at the community level. In comparison with the PDI map, the minimum score values are uplifted, resulting in a partial loss of information. This is particularly true in the communities with the highest SCI scores (Aiguilles and Saint-Véran). This partial loss has, however, a positive impact on the readability of the maps. The global level of potential consequences of each community is evident and allows us to compare each community with one another. This is not so clear with the PDI method. In addition, the smoothing of the results tends to highlight the most vulnerable stakeholders. As a result, the PCI map is easier to understand for local managers than the PDI map.
In the present paper we explored the possibility to assess the physical and the social vulnerability together through an indicator-based method. To perform this study, we opted for an upgrade of the PDI method, which was originally developed to assess the physical consequences of defined hazards on elements at risk. After an intensive review of the existing published reference on social vulnerability we selected six criteria derived from national French census data and a risk perception survey carried out in the field. These criteria were combined to produce a new sub-index representing the ability of communities to cope with hazards. The new Social Consequence Index was integrated into the PDI methodology to obtain the PCI. The PCI is then tested on the six municipalities of the Upper Guil catchment to assess the potential consequences of a high-magnitude flood event on elements at risk (RI > 100 years).
The upgrade to the PDI method provides many benefits. First, the new SCI introduces criteria providing information on the three phases of risk management: preparedness, crisis management and recovery. By using data derived from a survey, the PCI method also displays information on the perception of the inhabitants regarding risk management. The introduction of elements from social vulnerability thus adds an extra dimension to the total consequence map. It allows us to qualify the potential physical consequences (physical injury, structural and functional consequences) on element at risk considering the global resilience of local communities. Then, with the PCI method the level of potential consequences of each community is clearly displayed and the most vulnerable elements at risks are easy to identify. Therefore, the PCI method allows us to quickly compare communities in their ability to cope with hazards. The PCI map is consequently easily understood by risk managers or local decision makers and will help them set up adapted mitigation measures in the most vulnerable areas. Another benefit of the method results in the data used. Because it is mostly based on national data, it is easy to transpose to other places.
The main limitation of the PCI method is that a unique value of the SCI is applied to the overall building of a community. By proceeding so, SCI tends to homogenise PCI by uplifting minimum values. For the communities with high SCI scores, this may simplify the information displayed. This scaling issue can imply a loss of information, which may affect the distribution of PCI scores, and thus, the choices in mapping classes. The amount of data required to perform this kind of analysis represents another limit. The method is based on the utilisation of many different criteria. Collecting them requires consequent fieldwork and must be time consuming. This is especially true for criteria derived from a risk perception survey. Consequently, the use of the PCI model on a large scale will be quite difficult.
Some elements which may improve the PCI model will be investigated in future work. First of all, we will expand the scale of our study by including other communities of the southern French Alps studied in the SAMCO project. Located in the Ubaye valley, near our study area, these communities display similar physical and socio-economic characteristics. Their inclusion will provide a more representative selection of statistical investigations. Another lead will be an adaptation of the survey protocol in order to get data on a smaller scale such as a district scale. Another solution for increasing precision will be the use of a desegregation model to distribute PCI on a building scale.
The method presented in this paper will be a source of significant progress for vulnerability assessment. By considering the two main components of vulnerability, the physical one and the socio-economic one, this work may be an important tool for local authorities. The PCI will help them to better understand their strengths and weaknesses and will be useful in developing appropriate mitigation measures at local and regional levels.
This work was carried out as part of the ANR SAMCO project. The ANR (Agence nationale de la recherche) is a French governmental agency which provides funding for research projects. The data produced are confidential in accordance with the attached ANR Charter. http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/fileadmin/user_upload (Agence National de la Recherche, 2009).
The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2221-2018-supplement.
BC and AP designed and carried out the experiments. BC developed the model and performed the simulations. BC and CD carried out the questionnaire survey. GAF supervised BC and CD. BC prepared the manuscript with contributions from all co-authors.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
This paper is part of a larger research project (SAMCO project ANR-12-SENV-0004.) bringing together research centres (BRGM, IPGS, IRSTEA), laboratories (LIVE-UMR7362, PRODIG-UMR8586, GEODE-UMR5602) and a technologically advanced SME (GEO-HYD) to evaluate mountain risk in a context of global changes (i.e. socio-economic and climatic).
This research is a part of the PhD research work of Benoît Carlier (Evaluation, cost and management of torrential and gravitational risk in mountainous environment; defence thesis in 2018).
We would like to thank Bérengère Charnay from the Parc Naturel
Régional du Queyras and the municipality councils of Ristolas,
Abriès, Aiguilles, Château-Ville-Vieille, Molines-en-Queyras and St
Véran for their hospitality, their help and their interest in our
Edited by: Sven Fuchs
Reviewed by: two anonymous referees
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Schoeneich, P. and De Jong, C.: Changes in the Alpine environment, Journal of Alpine Research, 96, 65–76, https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.603, 2008.
Steinführer, A., Kuhlicke, C., De Marchi, B., Scolobig, A., Tapsell, S., and Tunstall, S.: Local communities at risk from flooding: social vulnerability, resilience and recommendations for flood risk management in Europe, Report, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, 2009.
Tapsell, S., McCarthy, S., Faulkner, H., and Alexander, M.: Social vulnerability and natural hazards, Flood Hazard Research Centre-FHRC, CapHaz-Net WP4 Report, Middlesex University, London, p. 87, available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? (last access: 1 July 2018), 2010.
Tarbotton, C., Dall'osso, F., Dominey-Howes, D., and Goff, J.: The use of empirical vulnerability functions to assess the response of buildings to tsunami impact: comparative review and summary of best practice, Earth-Sci. Rev., 142, 120–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.002, 2015.
Totschnig, R. and Fuchs, S.: Mountain torrents: Quantifying vulnerability and assessing uncertainties, Eng. Geol., 155, 31–44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.12.019, 2013.
Tricart, J.: Etude de la crue de la mi-Juin 1957 dans la vallée du Guil, de l'Ubaye et de la Cerveyrette, Revue de géographie Alpine, 4, 565–627, https://doi.org/10.3406/rga.1958.1846, 1958.
UNDRO: Disaster prevention and mitigation – a compendium of current knowledge, vol. 11, Preparedness Aspects, Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator, New York, 1984.
Varnes, D. J.: Landslide Hazard Zonation: A Review of Principles and Practice, UNESCO, Paris, Nat. Hazards, 3, 63 pp., 1984.
Wood, N. J. and Good, J. W.: Vulnerability of Port and Harbor Communities to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards: The Use of GIS in Community Hazard Planning, Coast. Manage., 32, 243–269, https://doi.org/10.1080/08920750490448622, 2004.
Wu, S. Y., Yarnal, B., and Fisher, A.: Vulnerability of coastal communities to sea-level rise: a case study of Cape May County, New Jersey, USA, Clim. Res., 22, 255–270, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr022255, 2002.
Zahran, S., Brody, S. D., Peacock, W. G., Vedlitz, A., and Grover, H.: Social vulnerability and the natural and built environment: a model of flood casualties in Texas, Disasters, 32, 537–560, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01054.x, 2008.
Zhang, Y. L. and You, W. J.: Social vulnerability to floods: a case study of Huaihe River Basin, Nat. Hazards, 71, 2113–2125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0996-0, 2014.
Zingari, P. C. and Fiebiger, G.: Mountain risks and hazards, Unasylva, 53, 71–77, 2002.

domain: literature


Call to action, call for help – do your bit and spread the word.
In a nutshell: CCC are up to their old tricks, wanting to replace something more-or-less democratic with something rather dictatorial.
What to do: go to bit.ly/CCCNOTAGAIN to sign the online petition, then encourage everyone you know to do the same.
You may remember that a few years ago CCC changed from the so-called “Executive and Cabinet” system to a Committee-based system. So, instead of just a few councillors having a voice that got heard and made a difference, ALL the councillors were involved in decision-making, and ALL the councillors had a voice.
Under the old Executive system, if your councillor wasn’t on the Executive, they didn’t get heard, so the wishes of their constituents (that’s YOU, by the way) didn’t get heard either.
It was a really crappy system. That kind of dictatorship-lite can only be made to work if you have saintly genius in charge – King Solomon, if you will. Unfortunately, we used to have King John (Gilbey), and now we’re threatened with King Ben.
This backward step to return us to the bad old days is a clumsy ruse to further stifle debate, to further restrict public involvement in our local democracy, and to force through unpopular and undesirable measures with the minimum of oversight.
We’ve been here before, and it was crap.
Do your bit – sign and share the petition.


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Young patients head to a ward at Beijing Anding Hospital. (Wang Cheng/China Daily)
Increased awareness shown as depression afflicts more young people
He Fan's clinic at a Beijing hospital isn't large and is sparsely furnished with an office desk and two chairs, and a glass partition that separates an adjoining room.
On a Wednesday morning late last month in this simple working environment, He, a psychiatric expert in child depression, attended to more than 40 patients with different types of mental health or behavioral issues. The patients' ages ranged from 5 to 18.
On the child psychiatric ward she is in charge of at Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, vacant beds are a rarity. Those that are available are occupied mainly by children with severe mental disorders who have inflicted serious injuries on themselves, or who have suicidal tendencies.
In October, China's first nationwide epidemiological survey on the mental health of schoolchildren was published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. The survey showed that among schoolchildren age 6 to 16, the overall prevalence of mental disorders had reached 17.5 percent, a record high.
The survey also found that 3 percent of nearly 74,000 schoolchildren under the age of 17 had depressive disorders, with prevalence increasing with age.
According to the National Health Commission, in 2019, only 2.1 percent of people of all ages in China had depression.
As the incidence of mental disorders increases among schoolchildren, clinicians such as He feel the problem needs more attention.
When children became silent, fractious, or their scores at school fall sharply, there is now an increased awareness among Chinese parents that their offspring may have psychological problems.
Compared with adults, mental disorders in children and adolescents are more atypical, adding to difficulties in early detection and diagnosis.
Zheng Yi, chief specialist in child psychiatry at Beijing Anding Hospital, a leading establishment treating mental problems, said symptoms of depression among adults include crying, a reluctance to leave home, and self-accusation.
"When children are depressed, they show this by losing their temper, becoming irritable, and constantly saying they are annoyed－conditions that are different from adults' symptoms, but which are all too easily ignored," Zheng said.
Children with depression rarely express negative thoughts directly, appear irritable, and often behave abnormally, according to Zheng.
"Such children can suddenly feel that they no longer want to live," Zheng said.
In He's consulting room, the parents of Ma Junchen (not his real name) were anxious as they made their first visit to the clinic on that Wednesday morning last month.
The mother talked about the boy's abnormal behavior, which included becoming distracted in class, beating classmates, and knocking on his bed at night.
"We don't know what happened. His teacher kept telling us so many things about our son at school," the mother said, her voice trembling. "We thought there must be something wrong."
The boy said he usually stayed in class alone after his classmates had left, adding, "I felt annoyed at such times."
Under the impression that his parents had brought him to the clinic for an eye test, he said he thought he had no friends at school, and each classmate he encountered might make him agitated and provoke thoughts of violence.
His parents stared anxiously at He after the consultation, awaiting her response. The doctor advised them to first calm down, before adding that their son needed a complete physical examination and assessment.
When children first develop depression and anxiety, the symptoms are easily ignored by parents, who feel that if the children's learning is not affected, their offspring will not experience mental health issues, according to He.
"They might just think their kids are naughty and disobedient," added He, director of the child mental disorder department at Beijing Anding Hospital.
When children don't get along well with their classmates and are unable to attend school regularly, it means their social functions are impaired, He said.
"When this stage is reached, it's too late to see a doctor at the hospital, and the children's symptoms may become severe,"
He said, adding that it would be hard for parents to accept their child's mental state in such a short time.


text:
Morris Klein, Giovanni’s Room, photograph.
Mina Smith-Segal, Giovanni’s Room, watercolor.
Inspired by an art show at the William Way Gay Community Center of gay hang-outs which are no longer around – remember the Allegro? The art power couple, Mina leads a workshop at the Philadelphia Sketch Club and Morris is VP of the Photographic Society of Philadelphia, decided to create an art show of 12 locations in the modern day Gayborhood of Philly with Mina creating paintings and Morris shooting photos of the same location such as Woodies, Sisters, Giovanni’s Room and more. Mina’s liquidy paintings paired with Morris’ filter-ific watercolor-like photos capture the essence of the famous gay district. Bet you didn’t know there’s along history of Philly being in the forefront of the gay civil rights movement – the first gay civil rights march was held in Philly and an historic marker is at Independence Mall to prove it.
The HIV Clinic, Mina Smith-Segal & Morris Klein.
Woodies Bar, Mina Smith-Segal, watercolor.
Woodies Bar, Morris Klein, photograph.
The staff at 12th Street Coffee told DoN this is the best art show they’ve had to date, with 24 images this is truly an historic exhibit commemorating Philly’s famous gay neighborhood. Located next to the 12th Street Gym it’s a great spot to take in the art, sip some coffee and check out the hot boys coming and going from the gym. Thanks Mina & Morris, your idea is inspiring, brave and beautiful.

domain: artistic


text:
Find Your Lower Hermosa Home Today
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Lower Hermosa Real Estate
Just south of WindanSea beach, to the north of Bird Rock, is an exclusive area with wide streets, classic residences of “Olde” La Jolla, and the oceanside “Street of Dreams,” Camino de la Costa. Sidewalks are plentiful and this is a very highly sought-after neighborhood. Even driving through is a pleasure!

domain: geography


The Public Disclosure Commission (PDC) is set to hold a special meeting to gather public comment and consider two options for agency guidance regarding the use of campaign funds received for a different office than currently sought. The meeting, which is scheduled for May 11th at 9:30 a.m. and will be held remotely, could have a significant impact on how candidates use campaign money.
Under RCW 42.17A.490, candidates who solicit contributions for a state, local, or judicial office are not allowed to use those contributions to seek a different office without first obtaining written approval from the persons or entities who gave the contributions. The question before the Commission is whether those contributions authorized for transfer by the original contributors are subject to individual contribution limits in the new campaign or can be transferred as surplus from the prior campaign in a lump sum.
The Commission has put forth two options for consideration. Option 1 reflects current agency guidance, which allows candidates to transfer contributions left over from a previously completed election campaign to a new campaign for a different office without attributing the funds to their sources or counting them toward the contributor’s limit for the new campaign. Funds are simply moved as a lump sum of surplus funds to the new account with permission from the donors. There might be a succession of transfers to the new account, depending on when the campaign receives the written permission.
Option 2 is the proposed alternative to current guidance, which requires that candidates attribute funds transferred from a previous campaign to their original sources and count them toward the contributor’s limit for the new campaign. Each contributor whose written approval was obtained must be identified along with their contribution.
This issue has garnered a lot of attention from candidates and political observers. On the one hand, some believe that allowing candidates to transfer funds as surplus from one campaign to another without counting them towards contribution limits in the new campaign could create a loophole that enables candidates to circumvent contribution limits and receive an unfair advantage. On the other hand, supporters of Option 1 argue that the current guidance has been in place for a long time and provides clarity and consistency to candidates, donors, and political observers.
The PDC is encouraging interested parties to submit written comments about the issue and the possible guidance expressed below until noon on May 9th to [email protected] with “Comment on Commission meeting agenda item” in the subject line.
The PDC’s decision will likely have implications for candidates who plan to run for office in Washington state in the future. It is essential to ensure that campaign finance regulations are clear, fair, and effective in promoting transparency and accountability in the electoral process.
More information about joining the meeting will be published on the PDC website on May 8th. Political observers and candidates are encouraged to participate in the meeting to share their perspectives and provide valuable feedback on this important issue.


text:
9 edition of Prokofiev. found in the catalog.
|Statement||Translated by Miriam John.|
|Series||[Library of composers,, 4]|
|LC Classifications||ML410.P865 S35 1971b|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||192|
|ISBN 10||0670579556, 0670579564|
|LC Control Number||73143540|
Piano - Advanced; Early Advanced; Late Intermediate Composed by Sergei Prokofiev (). Edited by Murray Baylor. Masterworks; Piano Collection. Alfred Masterwork Edition. 20th Century; Masterwork. Book. 80 pages. Alfred Music # Published by Alfred Music (AP). New book on Soviet composer's family will show how his wife was abandoned, tortured by Stalin's police and sent to the gulag Lina Prokofiev in Moscow in with her sons Oleg, centre, and Author: Dalya Alberge.
By Sergei Prokofiev. Piano Book. Contents: Opus 2, Four Etudes for Piano * Opus 3, Four Etudes for Piano * Opus 4, Four Pieces for Piano * O Toccata in C Major for ry: Piano Collection. This book, the first in-depth biography of Prokofiev since and the most detailed yet written, is based on fresh discoveries and new archival material. Since —the year that marked both the fall of the Soviet Union and the centenary of Sergey and birth—a new assessment of the renowned composer's life and work has become both possible.
To order The Love and Wars of Lina Prokofiev and Sergey Prokofiev Diaries Prodigal Son, both with free UK p&p, call Guardian book service on or go to Peter and the Wolf by Prokofiev, Sergei and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at
compact guide to MIDI software for the Macintosh
Basic Electric Circuits
The 2007 Import and Export Market for Hypochlorites, Commercial Calcium Hypochlorite, Chlorites, Hypobromites, Chlorates and Perchlorates, Bromates and Perbromates, and Iodates and Periodates in China
harrying of the dove.
Fundamentals of electricity & magnetism.
Ben Jonsons The fountaine of self-love
Vitamins and hormones
The prophets return
Mohundros notes on interstate commerce law, practice and procedure
Essays in human relations.
vita di un pittore.
This book seems to be intended for any real fan of Prokofiev. Lastly, this book really strives to explain some of the perplexities of Prokofiev's decisions.
In particular, Robinson strives to explain why Prokofiev needed to return to Russia after his extended residence in by: 3. The book, written with a deep appreciation of Prokofiev’s style and creativity, looks at the sonatas within the context of Prokofiev’s complete oeuvre. For each sonata, Berman provides general information about the work and a discussion of the composition’s details and features, and in a section entitled “Master Class” Prokofiev.
book offers Cited by: 3. About Sergei Prokofiev’s Peter and the Wolf. THERE IS NO better way to Prokofiev. book children to classical music than with Prokofiev’s musical fairy tale of the little boy (played by all the strings of the orchestra) who, with the help of a bird (played by the flute), outsmarted the big, bad wolf (played by.
Sergei Prokofiev, one of the greatest composers of the 20th century, was born in in the Ukraine and died in in composed Peter and the Wolf in Peter Malone has illustrated many distinguished picture books, including Brother Sun, Sister Moon: The Life and Stories of St.
Francis, The World of King Arthur and His Court, and Magic Flute/5(26). Written inSergei Prokofiev's symphonic fairy tale for narrator and orchestra has enchanted generations of children. This inviting picture book introduces a new generation of youngsters to the exciting story of the hungry wolf, the ill-fated duck, the fortunate cat, the fearless little bird, and the brave and cunning Peter, who helps save his friends from the wolf's jaws -- and the wolf.
Prokofiev by Prokofiev book. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers/5(20). The Paperback of the Peter and the Wolf by Sergei Prokofiev at Barnes & Noble. FREE Shipping on $35 or more.
Due to COVID, orders may be delayed. Thank you for your patience. Driftwood is the second book in the Supernatural Tales series. Jane Mellows and her daughter Quickview.
Driftwood/5(12). Prokofiev's Piano Sonatas: A Guide for the Listener and the Performer. Boris Berman, renowned concert pianist and teacher, is one of the world’s foremost authorities on Sergei Prokofiev.
In this book, he draws on his intimate knowledge of Prokofiev’s work to guide music lovers and pianists through the composer’s nine piano sonatas. The book, written with a deep appreciation of Prokofiev’s style and creativity, looks at the sonatas within the context of Prokofiev’s complete oeuvre.
For each sonata, Berman provides general information about the work and a discussion of the composition’s details and features, and in a section entitled “Master Class” he offers. By Sergei Prokofiev / ed. Murray Baylor. Piano Book. This distinguished edition from Dr. Murray Baylor includes works that Prokofiev composed for solo piano plus Prokofiev's own piano transcription of works he had written for the symphony orchestra or the stage.
Within its 80 pages you will find the sprightly "Diabolic Suggestion," Op. 4, No. 4,Category: Piano Collection. Sergei Prokofiev was an outstanding Russian composer of the 20th century. He was born in Sontzovka, Ukraine, on Ap His mother, an amateur pianist, gave him his first music lessons.
He showed unusual talent in both piano and composition. By the age of 9 he had written a complete opera. Looking for books by Sergei Prokofiev.
See all books authored by Sergei Prokofiev, including Peter and the Wolf, and Peter and the Wolf, and more on We personally assess every book's quality and offer rare, out-of-print treasures. We deliver the joy of reading in % recyclable packaging with free standard shipping on US.
OCLC Number: Notes: An extension and elaboration of the author's Sergei Prokofiev, his musical life. Reprint of the ed.
Description. Sergei Prokofiev book. Read 6 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. The prolific creator of such classic popular works as Romeo and Jul /5. The book is full of musical examples, from Prokofiev's very first piece.
There are a few errors — occasionally Prokofiev got his dates or a few facts wrong — which are taken care of by the. Author:Sergei Prokofiev. Prokofiev: Four Pieces, Op.
All of our paper waste is recycled within the UK and turned into corrugated cardboard. Book Binding:N/A. World of Books USA was founded in Seller Rating: % positive. Sergei Olegovich Prokofieff (16 January – 26 July ) was a Russian anthroposophist.
He was the grandson of the composer Sergei Prokofiev and his first wife Lina Prokofiev, and the son of Oleg Prokofiev and his first wife Sofia Korovina. Born in Moscow, he studied fine arts and painting at the Moscow School of encountered anthroposophy in his youth, and soon made the decision. This book, the first in-depth biography of Prokofiev since and the most detailed yet written, is based on fresh discoveries and new archival material.
Since the year that marked both the fall of the Soviet Union and the centenary of Sergey and birth--a new assessment of the renowned composer's life and work has become both possible and necessary.3/5(1).
Prokofiev's output therefore has been largely elusive and difficult to assess against contemporary trends. Still, the main focus of the book is on the music itself: his early, experimental piano and vocal works, as well as his piano concertos, operas, film scores, early ballets, and late symphonies.
Through an empirical examination of his. Prokofiev was born in in Sontsovka (now Sontsivka, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine), a remote rural estate in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate of the Russian Empire.
His father, Sergei Alexeyevich Prokofiev, was an iev's mother, Maria (née Zhitkova), came from a family of former serfs who had been owned by the Sheremetev family, under whose patronage serf-children. The comments of Prokofiev's closest friends and colleagues, N. Ya. Miaskovsky and B. V. Asafyev(Igor Glebov), have been given a special place in this book.
It is the author's intention that these companions of Prokofiev's creative life should be, along with the composer himself, the dramatis personae of this narrative. The articles, memoirs.Book Description: Boris Berman, renowned concert pianist and teacher, is one of the world's foremost authorities on Sergei Prokofiev.
In this book, he draws on his intimate knowledge of Prokofiev's work to guide music lovers and pianists through the composer's nine piano sonatas.Looking for Sergei Prokofiev sheet music?
You'll find a wide selection of Sergei Prokofiev sheet music, songbooks, and music books at Sheet Music Plus.

domain: library


TOWN HALL bosses are to bring in tough measures to crack down on people who feed seagulls in a big to tackle the
Conwy council say they will introduce the law by the end of the year to ban the feeding of the birds on Llandudno's North Shore.
This week, the Daily Post highlighted how people were coming under attack from gulls, who were swooping to steal their food.
The council up to then had not sought powers to stop people encouraging the birds by feeding them, and a senior official suggested that the reason there was no enforcement power was because the council was afraid of upsetting people whose religion encourages them to feed birds.
But today, Conwy has told the Post that officers are now working to draft a bye-law which will mean they can punish residents and tourists who give the birds food.
Seagulls have become increasingly emboldened because of people feeding them, as they are so used to human contact that they are no longer fazed by people.
Coupled with the fact that they are particularly aggressive at present because it is their hatching season, the problem has got so out of hand that postmen were refusing to deliver mail in Belgrano near Abergele.
A Conwy council spokesman denied the claim made in a tweet by a senior official that religious sensitivities were a reason not to pursue action against feeders, but confirmed that as of now it is looking at introducing measures.
The spokesman said: "The nuisance that can be caused by seagulls, which is being highlighted in the media, is well known in this area.
"Although the Council does not have any byelaws at present to prohibit the feeding of seagulls, it does have signage in a number of locations to discourage the public from doing so.
"The Local Government Byelaws (Wales) Act 2012 came into effect on 31 March 2015 and allows local authorities a quicker process for introducing byelaws. Officers are in the process of drafting a byelaw to prohibit the feeding of seagulls on North Shore, Llandudno, this should be finalised later this year."
More on seagulls:


text:
CNG vehicles have always been a top choice for many in the Indian market due to their eco-friendly and low-cost nature. With the rapidly increasing fuel prices, more people have started inclining towards this economical option. Many automakers have understood this and are planning to launch their entry-level cars with factory-fitted CNG options. In this article, we will list some upcoming CNG cars that you can consider in the coming time.
Tata Motors is working on CNG variants of its entry-level cars like the Tiago and Tigor. We expect Tata to launch Tiago CNG somewhere around October. We don’t expect to see any drastic changes on the CNG car from the in-market model except for a few badges here and there. The car will draw power from the currently available BS6-compliant 1.2-litre Revotron petrol engine that generates 85bhp and 113Nm of torque. The mill will be linked to a five-speed manual gearbox and a CNG kit. We expect Tiago CNG variants to start from somewhere around Rs 6 lakh (on-road).
Similar to the Tiago, not much is expected to be changed cosmetically on the Tigor except for CNG badging. Presently, Tigor shares the same engine as the Tiago, the 1.2-litre Revotron petrol engine. It is expected to start somewhere around Rs 7 lakh (on-road). Tigor CNG is expected to be made available as a commercial offering as well.
Ford Aspire sits in the compact sedan segment in the country. Ford is expected to bring a factory-fitted CNG variant of this car in the coming time. This will help it take on the upcoming Tata Tigor CNG. Aspire CNG is expected to start somewhere around Rs 9 lakh (on-road).
Maruti Suzuki Celerio
The biggest manufacturer in the country, Maruti Suzuki has been factory-fitted CNG kits with its various models for quite some time now. Maruti will be launching the new-generation Celerio in the near future. We expect Maruti to offer a CNG kit from the base variant of the new-generation Celerio itself. Maruti as a brand has always been known for its value-for-money products. Offering a CNG kit with the Celerio would surely be on the plans for Maruti.
Maruti Suzuki Vitara Brezza
Maruti is expected to bring in a CNG variant of the Vitara Brezza in the coming time. This will make the Brezza the first sub-four-metre SUV in the country to be made available with a CNG option. This will allow the compact SUV to return more fuel efficiency than what it currently returns. The Vitara Brezza CNG is expected to start somewhere around Rs 10 lakh (on-road).
These are the upcoming CNG cars. If you have car buying doubts click here to ask! Get the lowest price for car insurance here. For more such content stay subscribed to MotorOctane Youtube, Google News Facebook and Twitter. Also, follow us on Flipboard and Reddit where we have a discussion community.

domain: news


The company that makes the balls for granulation is : SPM, 1 Labriola
Ct., Armonk,NY( 914-273-5500) Their balls are in the 1mm range for
the largest, and are 22kt gold. They might be able to do custom balls
if the order is large enough.
If you need to make your own, I have a granulation ball calculator
on my web site you can download. Go to http://www.rocksmyth.com ,
select Granulation Links, then select Granulation Spreadsheet. Just
put in the diameter of the wire you will use, and adjust the length
for the size ball you need. Cut the wire, heat it till it melts on
a charcoal block, and it will ball up. Balls over about 2mm will start
to have a flat spot on the bottom. The trick to making them perfectly
round is to take a 3mm burr and cut a pocket in a charcoal block,
going half the depth of the ball, or 1.5mm. Place one end of the cut
wire over the pocket, and put the torch to the other end. It will
start to ball up and roll towards the pocket. As it gets to the end
of the wire, it will plop into the pocket, the bottom will be round.
For a 4mm ball , use a 4 mm burr and cut to 2 mm depth, etc..
This will tend to eat up your charcoal block after a while and I
have been trying to re-invent the wheel. Trying to find something
that will work as well as a charcoal block and not disintegrate. I
have tried all the soldering pads on the market (balls stick to
them), soapstone (takes too long to get hot), Pyrex (shattered but
still might try it on the kiln top), agate(shattered), different
fired and unfired bricks (sticks to metal), and am working on
compressing ashes from the BBQ pit into a block..
To carry this one step father, you can use this technique to make
headpins for beading or earrings. Determine the amount of wire you
need for the ball. Lets say we need 20 gauge wire of diameter .82 mm,
and a length of 27mm to make a 3mm ball. Cut a wire length of about 3
inches and measure 27 mm from the end. Cut a 3mm pocket in a charcoal
block, and center the mark at 27 mm over the pocket. Start heating
the short end of the wire, and when you get to the 27 mm mark, it
will plop in the pocket, and you will have a 2.5 inch wire with a 3mm
ball centered on the end. For the cost of the wire and no solder.
Love and God Bless


text:
Zelda la Grange, Mandela’s private secretary for almost 20 years, discusses her new memoir.
From paternity tests to plagiarism, this year had no shortage of outrageous political stories.
His career is an intriguing backstory, and counterpoint, to the outpouring of praise for Mandela.
They have add their voices in association with the new movie, “Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom.”
South Africa has unveiled a gigantic statue of anti-apartheid fighter Nelson Mandela to cheers and singing at the Union Buildings in its capital.
Relatives of the bogus sign language interpreter at Mandela's memorial reveal a violent history.
The funeral ceremony includes a 21-gun salute and a eulogy by a traditional leader.
The interpreter at Nelson Mandela's memorial service has been accused of other crimes as well.
About 100,000 South African mourners waited in line on Friday to view the body of Nelson Mandela, which was lying in state for the third and final day.
Some analysts say the precautions were so haphazard that the president shouldn't have gone.
"They vanished into thin air," a deputy minister says.
Helle Thorning-Schmidt says world leaders are fun.
The man accused of faking sign interpretation at Mandela's memorial says he has schizophrenia.
The top photos from Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2013.
The Cuban-American senator says Castro stands for the opposite of Nelson Mandela’s legacy.
Etiquette experts say it's no time for that.
Says nothing's wrong with what the president did.
Reports say a man on stage at Nelson Mandela's ceremony moved his hands but made no sense.
The senator reportedly left Nelson Mandela's memorial during the Cuban president's remarks.
Here are the top photos from Dec. 10, 2013.

domain: politics


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Custom pyrography wood burning design of a compass on a wooden birch slab made into a keychain. -The sizes and shapes of the wooden keychains will vary per order A percentage of the proceeds from this item will be donated to Second Life of Chattanooga.
Practicing numbers couldn't be more fun than when you're playing with glue and Fruit Loops! When teaching little kids you always need to find fun new ways to keep their interest. Gluing things to paper is high on the list in our house! All we needed was c


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Predictors of Long-Term Opioid Use Following Hospitalization for Traumatic Injury in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population
A 12-Month Prospective Observational Study
Published in: Pain Medicine (2022). doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac147
Posted on rand.org Sep 29, 2022
Long-term prescription opioid use is a significant risk factor for opioid morbidity and mortality and severe traumatic injury is an important initiation point for prescription opioid use. This study examines predictors of long-term prescription opioid use among a racially and ethnically diverse population of patients hospitalized for traumatic injury.
650 study participants from two urban Level I trauma centers were enrolled. Baseline information on demographics, injury characteristics, self-reported pre-injury substance use and mental health, and personality characteristics and attitudes were collected through interviews during the initial hospitalization. Patients were interviewed again at 3-months and 12-months and asked about prescription opioid use in the past 7 days. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed participants' baseline characteristics associated with opioid use at one or more follow-up interview.
Pre-injury use of prescription painkillers had the strongest association with prescription opioid use at follow-up (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 3.10, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.86, 5.17). Older age, health insurance coverage at baseline, length of hospitalization, higher current pain, pre-injury post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and discharge to a location other than home were also associated with significantly higher odds of prescription opioid use at follow-up.
Providers may consider screening for past use of prescription pain relievers and post-traumatic stress disorder prior to hospital discharge and to identify patients who may benefit from additional resources and support. However, providers should ensure that these patients' pain management needs are still being met and avoid abrupt discontinuation of prescription opioid use among those with history of long-term use.

domain: medical