In a quiet start to the new working week, two cases of bridge bashing, one in Singapore where an a crane of some sort ripped a large chunk out of the Change Alley link bridge at Collyer Quay.
The other occurred in Falmouth, Maine in the USA, when a boom truck travelling north in Interstate 295 with its boom raised slightly to accommodate a bulky load on its deck. The crane’s boom nose caught on the bridge ripping off the nose and a one metre length of the boom. The bridge in this case appeared to have stood up well to the onslaught.
No one was injured in either incident, although considerable inconvenience was caused.
Both these cases were totally avoidable and are down to sloppy driving, it is a shame that the only way this dangerous practice is likely to be stamped out completely is by the fitting of dependable and perhaps tamper-proof interlock switches.


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Seyfarth Synopsis: The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) finalized its guidance to federal agencies regarding the risk management steps the federal government must take when using artificial intelligence. OMB’s guidance establishes the minimum AI risk management practices federal agencies must follow for “safety-impacting” and “rights-impacting” AI applications and includes a broad list of employment-related applications that are presumed to be “rights-impacting.” The AI risk management practices OMB is requiring for these “rights-impacting” employment applications are broadly consistent with principles that leaders from the Department of Labor and the EEOC have been discussing, and we expect future guidance and “promising practices” from those agencies will closely align with the principles outlined in today’s OMB guidance.
On March 28, 2024, OMB finalized and published Memorandum M-24-10, “Advancing Governance, Innovation, and Risk Management for Agency Use of Artificial Intelligence.” This document contains OMB’s guidance to federal agencies regarding the risk management steps the federal government must take for its own use of artificial intelligence.
As we previously wrote when OMB issued a draft of this guidance, private-sector employers using AI should pay attention to the way the federal government thinks about AI risk and the AI risk management practices it begins implementing. Moreover, as a large-scale purchaser of AI systems from private-sector developers, the government’s own purchasing requirements will influence the development of systems that are sold to both the government and to private industry.
While OMB’s final guidance purports to speak solely to the federal government’s own use of AI, and clarifies that it does not apply to federal agencies’ own regulatory efforts, past experience suggests that the federal government will ultimately decide that the AI risk management “best practices” it applies to itself should also be adopted by private-sector AI deployers. We also predict that these governmentwide AI risk management principles will influence the EEOC’s thinking on AI risk and risk management; at a minimum, these principles will shape EEOC executives’ experience with AI risk management concepts as the EEOC starts using AI in its internal processes.
Today’s AI guidance from OMB establishes minimum risk management practices for “safety-impacting” and “rights-impacting” AI. Importantly for private-sector employers using AI in hiring, M-24-10 contains a very broad list of employment-related AI applications that are presumed to be “rights-impacting” and thus subject to the memo’s minimum risk management processes. This list includes AI applications that “control or significantly influence the outcome of”:
Determining the terms or conditions of employment, including pre-employment screening, reasonable accommodation, pay or promotion, performance management, hiring or termination, or recommending disciplinary action; performing time-on-task tracking; or conducting workplace surveillance or automated personnel management;
Notably, in addition to those employment-specific applications, M-24-10 also includes in its list of presumptively “rights-impacting” AI applications ones used for “biometric identification for one-to-many identification in publicly accessible spaces” and any application that seeks to “Detect or measur[e] emotions, thought, impairment, or deception in humans.” The inclusion of these categories in M-24-10 echo similar categorizations of “unacceptable risk” found in the recently finalized EU AI Act, highlighting ongoing convergence on AI risk issues.
As discussed in Seyfarth’s March 25, 2024 client update, leaders from the Department of Labor, including the Solicitor of Labor and the Acting Director of OFCCP, have recently confirmed that they will be issuing a “broader value-based document” that contains “principles and best practices” for both employers using AI and developers of the AI tools. Core concepts from the principles these leaders mentioned, such as the need for stakeholder engagement, validation and monitoring, and greater transparency, are also emphasized in OMB’s final guidance issued today, and in risk-management documents that others in the federal government have championed, such as the AI Risk Management Framework (RMF) issued by NIST, the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Regarding the need for stakeholder engagement for rights-impacting systems, OMB is directing federal agencies to consult affected communities and solicit public feedback “in the design, development, and use of the AI and use such feedback to inform agency decision-making regarding the AI” and must include “seeking input on the agency’s approach to implementing … minimum risk management practices”.
Regarding testing, validation and monitoring, OMB is requiring agencies to “conduct adequate testing to ensure the AI, as well as components that rely on it, will work in its intended real-world context.” And while OMB is also requiring an “independent evaluation” of the AI “to ensure that the system works appropriately and as intended, and that its expected benefits outweigh its potential risks,” and further requires, “[t]he independent reviewing authority must not have been directly involved in the system’s development,” OMB does not require the independent reviewing authority to come from outside the agency itself.
OMB is also requiring federal agencies to conduct ongoing monitoring to detect both “degradation of the AI’s functionality” as well as “changes in the AI’s impact on rights and safety”. OMB further directs the monitoring process to include an annual human review “to determine whether the deployment context, risks, benefits, and agency needs have evolved,” and emphasizes that this human review must include testing and “include oversight and consideration by an appropriate internal agency authority not directly involved in the system’s development or operation”.
In her remarks at an American Bar Association meeting on March 20, 2024, EEOC Chair Charlotte Burrows discussed her concerns regarding the data used to train AI systems. Consistent with remarks she has made in the past, Chair Burrows cited concerns that people with protected characteristics were disproportionately over-represented in “bad” data sets that were being used as AI training data. She also cited concerns that these same categories of people were disproportionately under-represented in “good” data sets being used to train AI.
The data-quality concepts mentioned by Chair Burrows are present in OMB’s guidance to federal agencies regarding their own use of AI. For “rights-impacting” AI applications, OMB directs federal agencies to “assess the quality of the data used in the AI’s design, development, training, testing, and operation and its fitness to the AI’s intended purpose.” Among other things, OMB directs federal agencies to document the quality and representativeness of the data for its intended purpose, and if the agency is using an AI tool provided by a vendor, the agency “must obtain sufficient descriptive information from the vendor” about the data. OMB’s directive to federal agencies further cautions, “[a]gencies should assess whether the data used can produce or amplify inequitable outcomes as a result of poor data representativeness or harmful bias. Such outcomes can result from historical discrimination, such as the perpetuation of harmful gender-based and racial stereotypes in society.”
Implications for Employers
While the Department of Labor’s deadline to publish “principles and best practices for employers that could be used to mitigate AI’s potential harms to employees’ well-being and maximize its potential benefits” is still a month away, at the end of April 2024, we anticipate that the information in OMB Memorandum M-24-10 provides a sneak peek at the “principles and best practices” that the Department of Labor will be issuing to private employers. While some variance between public-sector and private-sector practices are reasonable to expect, we are likely to see similar themes between the documents.
At a minimum, employers already using AI in their labor and employment practices should evaluate and consider how their current AI risk management practices align with today’s OMB guidance that establishes minimum requirements for the federal government’s own use of AI.
We will continue to monitor these developing issues, especially as the Department of Labor and other agencies continue their work to issue AI guidance and other documents set forth in President Biden’s executive order on AI. For additional information, we encourage you to contact the authors of this article, a member of Seyfarth’s People Analytics team, or any of Seyfarth’s attorneys.
 Notably and unsurprisingly, the scope of this list, and the operation of the “control or significantly influence” language, is significantly broader than New York City’s Local Law 144, for which enforcement began in July 2023. Among other things, to constitute an “automated employment decision tool” under New York City’s law, the tool must “substantially assist or replace discretionary decision-making”.
 This view of independence is consistent with prior guidance issued in 2011 by the Federal Reserve Board in SR 11-7, its seminal “Supervisory Guidance on Model Risk Management” applicable to the financial industry.

domain: law


P1.1 - Manufacture of electrodes entirely made of modified PDMS
- AMA Conferences 2017
2017-05-30 - 2017-06-01
- Proceedings Sensor 2017
- P1 - Materials and Technology
- A. Brensing, R. Ruff, K. Hoffmann - Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach (Germany)
- 555 - 560
Materials with different mechanical characteristics are used for common flexible electrodes. These differences limit their long term usability as interface to biological tissue. In this paper a manufacturing process for structural compatible PDMS electrodes is described. Issues like the adhesion between the components, the Young's moduli of the materials as well as the contacting process were addressed. Direct cell contact tests provided the evidence of cell compatibility. By recording electromyograms (EMG) and the evaluation of the charge injection capacity (CIC) the functionality of the electrodes could be shown. The used material for the electrode contact was investigated regarding its phase boundary. For the description of impedance spectra of the polymeric electrode an equivalent circuit is described.


text:
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Current topics by medium: architecture - art - cinema - design - literature - music - photography
Current topics by concept: fantastic - erotica - fiction - genre - history - horror - popular - postmodernism - taste - theory
2006, Mar 11; 23:05 ::: Lake Thun (1905) - Ferdinand Hodler
In search of modernism
Lake Thun (1905) - Ferdinand Hodler
Image sourced here.
Ferdinand Hodler (March 14, 1853 in Berne – May 19, 1918 in Geneva) was one of the best-known Swiss painters of the 19th century. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand Hodler [Mar 2006]
See also: 1905 - modern art - Switzerland
2006, Mar 11; 23:05 ::: Chair 3107 (1956) - Arne Jacobsen
In search of modernism
Lewis Morley's Christine Keeler photoshoot was one of the most iconic of the 1960s, she was seated on a 3107
Image sourced here.
The world famous stacking chair 3107 by Arne Jacobsen is today with its unique timeless design just as topical as when it was introduced in 1956 for the first time.
Christine Keeler (born February 22, 1942) was a British model and showgirl. Her involvement with a British government minister discredited the Conservative administration of Harold Macmillan in 1963 in what is known as the Profumo Affair. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Keeler [Mar 2006]
See also: 1956 - Scandinavian design - Arne Jacobsen - 1960s
2006, Mar 11; 23:05 ::: Wiener-Werkstaette-Stil
In search of modernism
Untitled Cubist work (1902) - Josef Hoffmann
Wiener Werkstaette Style
With the foundation of the Wiener Werkstaette in 1903, a new artistic style was born that came to be known as the Wiener-Werkstaette-Stil (literally, the Vienna Workshops Style). Beginning with the 14th Exhibition of the Vienna Sezession in 1902, the radical distinctiveness of certain Viennese artists began to emerge, setting a foundation for the widespread Modernist movement. Among the innovators was the Viennese architect Josef Hoffmann. His cubist sculpture created in 1902 marked a break into independence for many Viennese artists. His works from this period are especially remarkable when one considers that the term "cubism" only found its way into the art lexicon around 1907 to describe the work of Pablo Picasso.
With its avant-garde, artistic, yet timeless designs, the Wiener-Werkstaette-Stil influenced generations of architects and designers in the 20th century. Bauhaus in Germany, Art Deco in America from 1920 to 1940, Scandinavian design from 1940-1960 (see for example Arne Jacobsen), as well as Italian design (see Mario Bellini) between 1960 and 1980, are all strongly influenced by the Wiener Werkstaette. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_Werkstaette_Style [Mar 2006]
See also: avant-garde - Vienna - design - Cubism - 1902
2006, Mar 11; 22:05 ::: The straight line versus the sinuous curve
In search of modernism
Palais Stoclet interior (ca. 1911) - Josef Hoffmann, Brussels, Belgium
Image sourced here.
Please note the contrast of the overall straight architectural lines with the sinuous curves of the Klimt decorations on the wall.
See also: Palais Stoclet - 1911 - Art Nouveau - modernism - straight - sinuous - aesthetics - design - fashion - style
2006, Mar 11; 13:05 ::: Gesamtkunstwerk
In search of total design
Palais Stoclet (1905 to 1911) - Josef Hoffmann, Brussels, BelgiumThe integration of architects, artists, and artisans makes the Palais Stoclet an example of Gesamtkunstwerk, one of the defining characteristics of Art Nouveau. [Mar 2006]
Gesamtkunstwerk is a German term attributed to the German opera composer Richard Wagner which refers to an operatic performance which encompasses music, theater, and the visual arts. He felt that in ancient Greek tragedy, these had been fused, but at some point they drifted apart -- he was critical of current opera which he felt emphasized the music too heavily and did not contain quality drama.
Literally meaning "synthesis of the arts," the term is also commonly used (especially by Germans) to describe any integration of multiple art forms.
Wagner placed great importance on "mood setting" elements, such as a darkened theater, sound effects, and seating arrangements which focused the attention of audience on the stage, completely immersing them in the imaginary world of the opera. These concepts were revolutionary at the time, but they have since come to be taken for granted in the modern operatic environment. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk [Mar 2006]
In his life work Joseph Beuys tried to overcome (western) materialism by combining it with (eastern) spirituality. In his synthesis of the arts (Gesamtkunstwerk) he even used the Berlin wall as a piece of art. By throwing a Blood sausage over the concrete wall (from West to East Germany), he tried to unify the nation symbolically. [Mar 2006]
Hans Makart was deeply interested in the interaction of all the visual arts and thus in the implementation of the idea of the "total work of art" which dominated discussions on the arts in the 19th century. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Makart [Mar 2006]
The conscious act of artistically addressing all the senses with regard to the viewer’s experience in totality made a resounding debut in 1849 when Richard Wagner conceived of a Gesamtkunstwerk, or an operatic work for the stage that drew inspiration from ancient Greek theater in its inclusion of all the major art forms: painting, writing, music, etc. (Britannica) In devising operatic works to commandeer the audience’s senses, Wagner left nothing unobserved: architecture, ambiance, and even the audience itself were considered and manipulated in order to achieve a state of total artistic immersion. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Installation_art [Mar 2006]
The Art-Work of the Future
AS Man stands to Nature, so stands Art to Man. When Nature had developed in herself those attributes which included the conditions for the existence of Man, then Man spontaneously evolved. In like manner, as soon as human life had engendered from itself the conditions for the manifestment of Art-work, this too stepped self-begotten into life.
Nature engenders her myriad forms without caprice or arbitrary aim ("absichtlos und unwillkürlich"), according to her need ("Bedürfniss"), and therefore of Necessity ("Nothwendigkeit"). This same Necessity is the generative and formative force of human life. Only that which is un-capricious and un-arbitrary can spring from a real need; but on Need alone is based the very principle of Life. --The Art-Work of the Future, Richard Wagner, translated by William Ashton Ellis, original title, Das Kunstwerk der Zukunft http://users.belgacom.net/wagnerlibrary/prose/wagartfut.htm [Mar 2006]
See also: 1849 - work - art - Richard Wagner - design - opera
2006, Mar 11; 13:05 ::: Blood Sweat And Tears: Or How I Stopped Worrying And Learned to Love Fashion (2005) - Bruce Weber
Blood Sweat And Tears: Or How I Stopped Worrying And Learned to Love Fashion (2005) - Bruce Weber [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
Bruce Weber, born March 29, 1946 is a well-known gay photographer and occasional filmmaker. He first came to the attention of the general public by shooting late 1980s and early 1990s iconographic ad images for omnisexual fashion company Calvin Klein. His straightforward black and white shots, featuring an unclothed heterosexual couple on a swing - facing each other, two clothed guys in bed, and model Marcus Schenkenberg barely holding jeans in front of himself in a shower while an accompanying unrelated shot of concert fans presented a lurid dichotomy, catapulted him into the national spotlight. His photo for Calvin Klein of an Olympic athlete in white briefs is a famous iconic image. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Weber [Mar 2006]
See also: blood - sweat - tears - fashion photography
2006, Mar 11; 09:05 ::: Wild at Heart (1990) - David Lynch
In search of wild
Isabella Rossellini in Wild at Heart (1990) - David Lynch [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
Wild at Heart is a 1990 film directed by David Lynch. The film is based on the novel by Barry Gifford.
Starring Nicolas Cage, Laura Dern, Diane Ladd, and Willem Dafoe, the film mixes bizarre almost supernatural events and off-kilter violence making it an atypical road movie which stands all the usual clichés of the genre on their head. It is an unusual homage to The Wizard of Oz.
The film won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild at Heart [Mar 2006]
Isabella Fiorella Elettra Giovanna Rossellini, born June 18, 1952 in Rome, is a model and an actress, daughter of Ingrid Bergman and Roberto Rossellini. She has a sister, who is also an actress, Isotta Rossellini, and a brother, Roberto Ingmar Rossellini.
Her modeling career began when she was photographed by Bruce Weber for British Vogue and by Bill King for American Vogue. She has worked with many renowned photographers, including Richard Avedon, Francesco Scavullo, Annie Leibovitz, and Robert Mapplethorpe. Her image has appeared on such magazines as Marie Claire, Harper's Bazaar, and Vanity Fair. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini [Mar 2006]
See also: 1990 - wild - David Lynch - road movie - American cinema
2006, Mar 11; 09:05 ::: The Wild Angels (1966) - Roger Corman
In search of wild
The Wild Angels (1966) - Roger Corman [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
The Wild Angels (1966) is a Roger Corman film, made on location in Southern California. The Wild Angels was made two years before Easy Rider and was the first film to associate actor Peter Fonda with Harley-Davidson motorcycles and 1960’s counterculture.
The Wild Angels, released by American International Pictures, stars Fonda as Hells Angels San Pedro, California chapter president "Heavenly Blues," Nancy Sinatra as his girlfriend "Mike," Bruce Dern as doomed fellow outlaw "the Loser," and Dern's real-life wife Diane Ladd as the Loser's screen wife, "Gaysh."
Small supporting roles are played by Michael J. Pollard and Gayle Hunnicutt, and by members of the Hells Angels from Venice, California. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wild_Angels [Mar 2006]
See also: wild - 1966 - AIP - biker - American cinema - Roger Corman - counterculture
2006, Mar 10; 22:05 ::: Fauvism
In search of color
Charing Cross Bridge in London (1906) - André Derain
Les Fauves (French for wild beasts), a short-lived and loose grouping of early Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities, and the use of deep color over the representational values retained by Impressionism. Fauvists simplified lines, made the subject of the painting easy to read, exaggerated perspectives and used brilliant but arbitrary colors. They also emphasised freshness and spontaneity over finish.
One of the fundamentals of the Fauves was expressed in 1888 by Paul Gauguin to Paul Sérusier,"How do you see these trees? They are yellow. So, put in yellow; this shadow, rather blue, paint it with pure ultramarine; these red leaves? Put in vermilion."
The name was given (humourously) to the group by art critict Louis Vauxcelles. In French, "Fauves" means "wild beasts". The painter Gustave Moreau was the movement's inspirational teacher, and a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris who pushed his students to think outside of the lines of formality and to follow their visions.
The leaders of the movement, Moreau's top students, were Henri Matisse and André Derain — friendly rivals of a sort, each with his own followers. The paintings, for example Matisse's 1908 The Dessert or Derain's The Two Barges, use powerful reds or other forceful colors to draw the eye. Matisse became the yang to Picasso's yin in the 20th century while time has trapped Derain at the century's beginning, a "wild beast" forever. Their disciples included Albert Marquet, Henri Manguin, Charles Camoin, the Belgian painter Henri Evenepoel, Jean Puy, Maurice de Vlaminck, Raoul Dufy, Othon Friesz, Georges Rouault, the Dutch painter Kees van Dongen, and Picasso's partner in Cubism, Georges Braque.
Fauvism, as a movement, had no concrete theories, and was short lived (they only had three exhibitions). Matisse was seen as a leader of the movement. He said he wanted to create art to delight; art as a decoration was his purpose; therefore his use of bright colors tries to maintain serenity of composition.
Among the influences of the movement were Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh, both of whom had begun using colors in a brighter more imaginative manner. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauvism [Mar 2006]
See also: Fauvism - 1906 - modern art - color - painting
2006, Mar 10; 16:05 ::: Accursed share
In Georges Bataille's theory of consumption, the accursed share is that surplus energy or excessive and non-recuperable part of any economy which is destined to one of two modes of economic and social expenditure.
Either it is spent luxuriously and knowingly without gain in the arts, non-procreative sexuality, spectacles and sumptuous monuments, or it is obliviously destined to an outrageous and catastrophic outpouring in war.
See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accursed_share [Mar 2006]
See also: damnation - Georges Bataille - consumerism
2006, Mar 10; 16:05 ::: Les poètes maudits
A poète maudit (French: accursed or damned poet) is a poet living a life outside or against society. Abuse of drugs and alcohol, insanity, crime, violence, and in general any societal sin, often resulting in an early death are typical elements of the biography of a poète maudit.
The first poète maudit, and its prototype, was François Villon (1431-c. 1474) but the phrase wasn't coined until the end of the 19th century, with Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine and Arthur Rimbaud considered typical examples.
Les poètes maudits is also a work by Paul Verlaine that was published in 1884. It is a hommage to Tristan Corbière, Arthur Rimbaud, Stéphane Mallarmé, Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, Villiers de l'Isle-Adam and Pauvre Lelian (Paul Verlaine).
See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A8te_maudit [Mar 2006]
In some forms of Western Christian belief, damnation to hell is the punishment of God for persons with unredeemed sin. Damnation can be a motivator for conversions to Christianity. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnation#Religious [Mar 2006]
See also: 1884 - Decadent movement - Symbolist literature - damnation - Arthur Rimbaud - Charles Baudelaire
2006, Mar 09; 23:05 ::: The Damned (1969) - Luchino Visconti
Ingrid Thulin in The Damned (1969) - Luchino Visconti [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
Ingrid Thulin (January 27, 1926 – January 7, 2004) was a Swedish actress.
She was born as a fisherman's daughter in Sollefteå, Ångermanland in northern Sweden. She took ballet lessons as a girl and was accepted by the Stockholm Royal Dramatic Theatre's School in 1948. For years she worked with Swedish director Ingmar Bergman, where she developed her personal style, acting with neurotic intensity like in The Silence (1963) or Cries and Whispers (1972), making her the third actress of world fame coming from Sweden (after Greta Garbo and Ingrid Bergman).
She shared the best actress award at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival and received a Guldbagge Award as best actress in 1964, the first year the award was given out, for her performance in The Silence.
She was married to Harry Schein, the founder of the Swedish Film Institute, for more than 30 years until 1989, although they had lived separately for many years before the divorce.
In her later years she lived in Rome, Italy. She returned to Sweden for medical treatment and later died from cancer in Stockholm, Sweden, 20 days short of her 78th birthday. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid_Thulin [Mar 2006]
See also: The Damned (1969) - Luchino Visconti - 1969
2006, Mar 09; 23:05 ::: The Amistad case
Today in history.
1841 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Amistad case, concerning captive Africans who seized control of the slave-trading ship carrying them: the court rules that they had been taken into slavery illegally. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_9 [Mar 2006]
La Amistad (Spanish: friendship) was a Spanish merchant ship on which a rebellion by the African slaves it was carrying broke out in 1839 when the schooner was traveling along the coast of Cuba. The ship was taken over by a group of captives who had been kidnapped in Africa and sold into slavery. The Africans were later apprehended on the vessel near Long Island, New York by the United States Navy and taken into custody. The ensuing widely publicized court cases in the United States helped the abolitionism movement along. In 1840, a federal trial court found that the initial transport of the Africans across the Atlantic had been illegal and that they were not legally slaves but free. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed this finding on March 9, 1841, and the Africans travelled home in 1842. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amistad_%28ship%29 [Mar 2006]
Amistad (1997) - Steven Spielberg [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
A simplified version of the events described was made into a movie called Amistad in 1997. It was directed by Steven Spielberg and starred Anthony Hopkins as John Quincy Adams, Djimon Hounsou as the Africans' leader Cinqué and Matthew McConaughey as their lawyer. This film also depicts the initial transport of the slaves from Africa to Cuba, showing group drownings (tying a number of slaves in line to a bundle of rocks and pushing the rocks off of the side of the ship, causing the slaves to fall into the sea), death by starvation and suffocation. This is, however, a dramatisation; there are no accounts of mass executions on that ship (or on the Amistad). --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amistad_%28ship%29#Legacy [Mar 2006]
Story dramatization is a process in which participants are invited to act out a story that their leader has shared with them. In traditional storytelling the leader acts as a storyteller and then the participants play out either the whole story or key playable moments. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story_dramatization [Mar 2006]
See also: Steven Spielberg - rebellion - slave trade - 1840s - counterculture
2006, Mar 06; 23:05 ::: International Women's Day
Catherine the Great of Russia (1716-1795)
The 2002 film Russian Ark (U.S.SR.) has a rather bizarre depiction of Catherina.
Sister Funk () - Various artists [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
I'm a Good Woman () - Various artists [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
International Women's Day (IWD) is marked on March 8 every year. It is a major day of global celebration for the economic, political and social achievements of women. The first IWD was observed on February 28, 1909 in the United States following a declaration by the Socialist Party of America. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women's_Day [Mar 2006]
A celebration is a joyous observation on the occasion of a special event.
The celebration may also be on the occasion of a special day in general, New Year, Christmas, Diwali. In most cases, national or cultural celebrations involve festivals and similar activities. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebration_%28party%29 [Mar 2006]
See also: funk - women - day
2006, Mar 06; 19:05 ::: Disco not Disco (2000-2001)
Disco not Disco (2000) - Various Artists [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
1. Walking On Thin Ice - Yoko Ono 2. Cavern - Liquid Liquid 3. Tell You Today - Loose Joints 4. Spatisticus Autisticus - Ian Dury 5. Over And Over - Material 6. Wheel Me Out - Was (Not Was) 7. Kiss Me Again - Dinosaur 8. I Walk - Don Cherry 9. Voices Inside My Head - Common Sense 10. School Bell/Tree House - Indian Ocean 11. Macho City - Steve Miller Band
Three great Arthur Russell tracks, 'Tell You Today' and 'School Bell/Tree House', 'Kiss Me Again'. Ian Dury is a Sly & Robbie production.
Disco not Disco 2 (2001) - Various Artists [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
TRACKLISTING: 1. Bostich - Yello 2. Let's Go Swimming - Russell, Arthur 3. Timewarp - Grant, Eddy 4. Spectacle (Sean P edit) - Can 5. White Horse - Laidback 6. Problems d'Amour - Alexander Robotnik 7. Radio clash - Clash (2) 8. Ciguri - Material 9. Sting - Waits, Barry 10. Listen to the Rhythm Band - MD 20 20 11. Get down - Case, Connie & King Sporty 12. Fourteen days - Lex (2)
See also: Strut records - Dave Lee - post-disco - no wave
2006, Mar 06; 19:05 ::: Proto techno
A Number Of Names (1981) - Sharevari
Image sourced here.
Recorded through the summer of 1981, "Sharevari," complete with its mysterious spelling change, leaked out to the party club scene and quickly became a hit. A demo version was played at a Charivari party, and eventually on The Electrifying Mojo's radio show. There's been some debate as to whether A Number of Names predates Cybotron as the first Detroit-born "techno" record, but Lesley sorts out the finer details:
"I believe that ['Alleys of Your Mind'] beat us to release date, though I believe we had made ['Sharevari'] long before. We just didn't have the money to release it. It had hit the airwaves before the release of 'Alleys' and [Kraftwerk's Computer World]. Mojo played a version of it, but it hit the street after those records. I was a little miffed because I thought we were first." --Google cache, A version of this article originally appeared in Groove magazine. (C)2001 Dan Sicko
See also: Dan Sicko Techno Rebels: The Renegades of Electronic Funk, Billboard Books, 1999 ISBN 0823084280
More proto techno: Kraftwerk, E2 E4, Giorgio Moroder, Art of Noise, Juan Atkins's Cybotron project, Telex, New Order, Yello.
See also: Detroit techno - 1981
2006, Mar 06; 19:05 ::: 'Good Design' exhibitions 1950 -1955
MOMA held a series of Good Design exhibitions from 1950 to 1955 in collaboration with the Merchandise Mart of Chicago.
While the issue of good design is a pressing question today, we should remember that “good design” is also a phrase from the past that carries a mixed message. From 1949 to 1955 the Museum of Modern Art, along with the Merchandise Mart of Chicago, produced a series of exhibitions and educational programs to promote design excellence in the United States. It was called the "Good Design" program, and its director, Edgar Kaufmann, Jr., was aided by some of the leading designers of the day. In many ways the program was a great success, focusing public and corporate attention on the quality of products, affecting consumer perception and encouraging manufacturers to improve the quality of their products through wider use of professional designers. But the program was also controversial because it promoted a certain number of specific products selected by Kaufmann and his juries. To be sure, the criteria of "good design" were not mistaken. All of the products were examples of good design, displaying qualities of beauty as well as functional clarity and efficiency. But the selections also represented the tastes and preferences of a relatively small, elite social group, and many other examples of good design were neglected. Over time, the standards of the Good Design program became a heavy-handed authority in the minds of many people, standing as an obstacle to personal enjoyment of the diverse goods that surround us in our daily lives. The program ended up promoting standards that were too narrow for a country undergoing explosive technological, social and cultural change. --http://id.bobulate.com/readings/gooddesign.pdf [Mar 2006]
See also: 'good design' - MoMA - good taste
2006, Mar 06; 19:05 ::: Einstein Tower (1921) - Erich Mendelsohn
Unidentified photograph of Einstein Tower (1921) - Erich Mendelsohn
The Einstein Tower is an astrophysical observatory in the Albert Einstein Science Park in Potsdam, Germany designed by architect Erich Mendelsohn. It was built for Albert Einstein to support experiments and observations to validate his relativity theory. The building was first conceived around 1917, built from 1920 to 1921 after a fund-raising drive, and became operational in 1924. It is still a working solar observatory today as part of the Astrophysical Institute of Potsdam.
This was one of Mendelsohn's first major projects, completed when a young Richard Neutra was on his staff, and his best-known building.
The exterior was originally conceived in concrete, but due to construction difficulties much of the building was actually realized in brick, covered with stucco. It underwent a full renovation in 1999, for its 75th anniversary, to correct problems with dampness and decay that had meant decades of repair. It is often cited as one of the few landmarks of expressionist architecture.
According to lore, Mendelsohn took Einstein on a long tour of the completed structure, waiting for some sign of approval. The design, while logical and perfectly sufficient to its purpose, stood out like an "ungainly spaceship" in the suburbs of Potsdam. Einstein said nothing until hours later, during a meeting with the building committee, when he whispered his one-word judgment: "Organic". (Otto Friedrich, Before the Deluge.) Mendelsohn himself said that he had designed it out of some unknown urge, letting it emerge out of "the mystique around Einstein's universe" (Wolf von Eckardt, Erich Mendelsohn.) --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_Tower [Mar 2006]
See also: 1921 - expressionism - architecture - biomorphism - Germany
2006, Mar 06; 18:05 ::: Knoll Associates and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Barcelona Chair (1929) - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Knoll Associates acquired the exclusive rights in 1953 to produce this collection to Mies' exacting standards.
Unidentified photograph sourced here.
Florence Bassett Knoll (1917- ) Birthplace: USA
While a student at the Kingswood School on the campus of the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, Florence Knoll Bassett (neé Schust) became a protegée of Eero Saarinen. She studied architecture at Cranbrook, the Architectural Association in London and the Armour Institute (Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago). She worked briefly for Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer and Wallace K. Harrison. In 1946, she became a full business and design partner and married Hans Knoll, after which they formed Knoll Associates. She was at once a champion of world-class architects and designers and an exceptional architect in her own right. As a pioneer of the Knoll Planning Unit, she revolutionized interior space planning. Her belief in "total design" – embracing architecture, manufacturing, interior design, textiles, graphics, advertising and presentation – and her application of design principles in solving space problems were radical departures from the standard practice in the 1950s, but were quickly adopted and remain widely used today. For her extraordinary contributions to architecture and design, Florence Knoll was accorded the National Endowment for the Arts' prestigious 2002 National Medal of Arts.
Her work was influenced by some of the greatest designers of her day. Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and Marcel Breuer all had a part in her architectural education, and her designs reflect the European aesthetic.
Her American interpretation of minimalist, rationalist design theories is clearly evident in Knoll's storage pieces. She mixed woods and metals to great effect and added laminates as they became popular. Dressers and desks are all square in design but never lack for quality. Hanging cabinets have glass shelves, sliding doors and drop down fronts that can be used as bars.
In the 1950's Florence Knoll's work was often displayed at the Museum of Modern Art's "Good Design" exhibits. Although Knoll did a great deal of residential work, the International Style she worked in was specially in successful corporate offices.
Knoll's vision for the new office was clean and uncluttered, and the corporate boom of the 1960's provided the perfect opportunity for her to change the way people looked at work in their offices. Her open plan layouts created clean, uncluttered spaces a perfect venue for her furniture. Companies like H. J. Heinz, CBS, and Connecticut General Life Insurance all embraced this new way of organizing business space. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Knoll [Mar 2006]
See also: 1929 - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe - industrial design - furniture - USA
2006, Mar 06; 18:05 ::: Tizio lamp (1972) - Richard Sapper
Tizio lamp (1972) - Richard Sapper
Image sourced here.
Richard Sapper (1932 - ) --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard Sapper [Aug 2005]
The term minimalism is also used to describe a trend in design and architecture wherein the subject is reduced to its necessary elements.
Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe adopted the motto "Less is more" to describe his aesthetic tactics of flattening and emphasizing the building's frame, eliminating interior walls and adopting an open plan, and reducing the structure to a strong, transparent, elegant skin. Designer Buckminster Fuller adopted a similar saying, "Doing more with less", but his concerns were more oriented towards technology and engineering than aesthetics.
Contemporary architects working in this tradition include John Pawson, Eduardo Souto de Moura, Tadao Ando, and Peter Zumthor. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism#Minimalist_design [Mar 2006]
See also: industrial design - minimalism - 1972
2006, Mar 06; 15:05 ::: Cul-de-sac (1966) - Roman Polanski
Cul-de-sac (1966) - Roman Polanski
Cul-de-sac is a film made in 1966 directed by Roman Pola?ski. It is Polanski's second film in English, filmed on the island of Lindisfarne in Britain.
The cast includes Donald Pleasence, Françoise Dorléac, Lionel Stander, Jack MacGowran, Iain Quarrier, Geoffrey Sumner, Renee Houston, William Franklyn, Trevor Delaney, Marie Kean, and Jacqueline Bisset.
Written by Gerard Brach and Roman Polanski
Photography by Gil Taylor
Editing by Alastair McIntyre
Music by Krzysztof Komeda.
The film begins with gangster Dickie (Lionel Stander) pushing his broken-down car through rising seawaters while his companion Albie (Jack MacGowran) lies inside, bleeding from a gunshot wound after a bungled robbery. Cut off by the unexpected rising tide, they are on the only road to a bleak and remote tidal island where, in a dark castle on a hilltop, the effeminate and neurotic George (Donald Pleasence) lives with his luscious young wife Teresa (Françoise Dorléac). Dickie then proceeds to hold the two hostage as he awaits rescue from his boss, the mysterious Katelbach, even throughout an unexpected visit from one of George's old work colleagues.
Like his previous film Repulsion, it explores themes of horror, frustrated sexuality, and alienation, which have become characteristic of most of Pola?ski's films, notably Rosemary's Baby and The Tenant. Stylishly filmed in black and white by Gil Taylor with superb locations and an excellent cast, Cul-de-sac was awarded the 1966 Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival.
The film was shot on location on the island of Lindisfarne, off the coast of Northumberland, England. The small castle is now a National Trust property and can be toured by the public. Despite forty years having elapsed, the building and surroundings are largely unchanged.
Cul-de-Sac has been compared in tone and theme to the works of Samuel Beckett, and it is interesting to note that actor Jack MacGowran was renowned for his knowing interpretations of the works of Beckett.
It features Jacqueline Bisset in a small part, her second film appearance.
Cul-de-sac is the French phrase for dead end street. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cul-de-Sac [Aug 2005]
See also: Roman Polanski - European cinema - 1966
2006, Mar 06; 12:05 ::: Fantastic Planet (1973)
Fantastic Planet (1973) - René Laloux [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
Fantastic Planet (1973) [Soundtrack] [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
Fantastic Planet is the English language version of an animated 1973 science fiction film directed by René Laloux. The film was an international production between France and Czechoslovakia and its original title is La Planéte Sauvage. It was distributed in the United States by Roger Corman. It won the special jury prize at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973
The story is based on a novel, Oms en Serie, by the French writer Stefan Wul.
The film is chiefly noted for its surreal imagery, the work of French writer and artist Roland Topor. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic_Planet [Aug 2005]
See also: Fantastic Planet (1973) - French cinema - Stefan Wul - Alain Goraguer - René Laloux - Roland Topor
2006, Mar 06; 10:05 ::: Keywords
In search of Jahsonic.com definitions.
Inspiration machine, inspiration engine, bluffer's guide, guide to modern living.
See also: keyword - inspiration - modern - living - machine - knowledge - search - taxonomy
2006, Mar 06; 09:05 ::: The New Design Source Book (1986|1997) - Penny Sparke et all
In search of design connoisseurs.
The New Design Source Book (1986|1997) - Penny Sparke, Felice Hodges, Emma Dent Coad, Anne Stone, Hugh Aldersey-Williams [Amazon.com] [FR] [DE] [UK]
From Library Journal
The product of five British and American design writers led by Royal College of Art design historian Sparke, this eye-catching book is a checklist of some of the best objects created in the last 150 years in Europe and America. Some are functional and some purely decorative; look here for everything from William Morris wallpaper to Michele de Lucchi's 1984 vacuum cleaners. Each chapter covers a particular era or art movement, starting with the Arts and Crafts Movement (1850-1900) and finishing with the computer age. Each is a time capsule of events and a visual inventory of architecture, costume, everyday household objects, and technological equipment. This is not a comprehensive study, but it offers a decent overview of typical design motifs for each time period. Libraries owning an earlier edition of this book (Design Source Book, 1986. o.p.) may skip the present volume because, except for parts of the final chapter, it is identical to its predecessor.?Margarete Gross, Chicago P.L. Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Noteworthy about this book that it lists the nature of each movement, its inspirations and influences and a subdivision per country. [Mar 2006]
See also: design - industrial design - Arts and Crafts (1850 - 1900) - Art Nouveau (1890 1905) - Art Deco (1925 - 1939) - Streamline (1935 - 1955) - 1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s
2006, Mar 06; 10:05 ::: Desk (ca. 1902) - Carlo Bugatti
Desk (ca. 1902) - Carlo Bugatti
Image sourced here. [Mar 2006]
Carlo Bugatti (16 février 1856-31 mars 1940).
C'était un décorateur, un architecte, un créateur et un fabricant de mobilier, de modèles d'orfèvrerie, d'instruments de musique italien. Il a même créé une bicyclette de compétition.
Il débute à Milan vers 1880 après avoir suivi les cours de l'Académie Brera en 1875 et en france. Il a obtenu ses premiers succès hors d'Italie en 1888. Il a triomphé lors de l'exposition d'art décoratif de Turin en 1902. Il retourne à Paris en 1904.
Père de Rembrandt Bugatti, le sculpteur animalier et d'Ettore Bugatti, le constructeur d'automobiles Bugatti, il s'est retiré à Pierrefonds en 1910.
En 1937, il s'est installé en à Molsheim, en Alsace où son fils Ettore avait monté son usine. C'est là qu'il meurt en 1940. --http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Bugatti [Mar 2006]
See also: art nouveau - design - furniture - 1902
2006, Mar 06; 09:05 ::: Landi Chair (1938) - Hans Coray
Landi Chair (1938) - Hans Coray
Hans Coray. (1906 - 1991) was a Swiss designer best known for his 1938 Landi chair. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans Coray [Mar 2006]
Hans Coray. (Swiss, 1906-1991). Landi Chair. 1938. Bent and pressed aluminum, and rubber, 30 1/2 x 21 1/4 x 22 1/8" (77.5 x 54 x 56.2 cm). Manufactured by P. & W. Blattmann Metallwaren-Fabrik, Switzerland. --http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A8062&page_number=1&template_id=1&sort_order=1 [Mar 2006]
MoMA has an important design collection, which includes works from such legendary designers as Paul László, the Eameses, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson.
See also: Moma Google gallery
See also: machine age - MoMA - design - industrial design - chair - furniture - 1938
your Amazon recommendations - Jahsonic - early adopter products

domain: artistic


text:
If you should be thinking about planning to university, you will probably have to take down figuratively speaking to fund college. In line with the Institute for university Access & triumph, 65% of university seniors whom graduated from universities in 2018 left college with education financial www.speedyloan.net/payday-loans-ak obligation. ? ?
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domain: economics


text:
Ear infections are painful. Many dogs will shake their head and scratch their ears trying to relieve the discomfort. The ears often become red and inflamed and develop an offensive odor. A black or yellowish discharge commonly occurs.
How does a dog act when they have an ear infection?
Many dog owners have learned to recognize the telltale signs of an ear infection: whining, scratching, and head shaking are often the first symptoms of the problem. Ear infections are common conditions in dogs, especially those with floppy ears such as Basset Hounds and Cocker Spaniels.
What are the symptoms of an inner ear infection in a dog?
Your dog may develop a head tilt, usually to the side of the infected ear, and he may even lean, fall, or roll toward the infected side. His balance may be completely altered making it difficult to walk properly, and he may even walk in circles toward the side of the infected ear.
What happens if you leave a dog’s ear infection?
Symptoms of canine ear infections include head shaking, scratching at or rubbing the affected ear, discharge, bad odor, redness inside the ear, swelling of the ear canal, pain, itchiness and crusts or scabs inside the ear or along the ear margin.
Do ear infections make dogs feel bad?
If your pooch has developed an ear infection they are likely to feel very uncomfortable and in some cases, the ear may be very painful.
Can ear infections make dogs tired?
In addition to scratching or rubbing the ears, a dog in pain from an ear infection may become lethargic or withdrawn, display a loss of appetite, or become moody or irritable. If you notice an behavioral changes in your dog that concern you, contact your veterinarian.
What is the brown stuff in my dog’s ears?
A waxy, yellow, or reddish-brown ear discharge can also be a sign your dog has an ear infection, which can be a result of allergies, mites, polyps, overproduction of ear wax, excessive bathing or swimming (which can leave too much moisture in the ears), or other problems.
What foods cause ear infections in dogs?
Dogs that suffer from allergies, either environmental, such as pollens (grasses, trees and weeds), dust mites, molds or food (beef, chicken, fish, soy, etc.) are predisposed to ear infections.
What does ear infection in dogs look like?
The ears often become red and inflamed and develop an offensive odor. A black or yellowish discharge commonly occurs. In chronic cases the ears may appear crusty or thickened and the ear canals often become narrowed (stenotic) due to the chronic inflammation.
Can dog ear infections clear up on their own?
In most cases, a dog’s ear infection will not go away on its own. What’s worse, if you wait too long to treat the ear infection, it can become much more difficult to get under control. An untreated ear infection can lead to chronic issues, hearing loss, and sometimes the need for expensive surgery.
Can ear infection cause death in dogs?
If left untreated, patients can experience permanent fur loss. In severe cases, death is possible. The primary cause of puppy strangles immune-mediated, meaning, the puppies immune system is not responding appropriately to the infection.
Should I take my dog to an emergency vet for an ear infection?
If you suspect your dog may have an ear infection, you’ll want to visit your veterinarian as soon as possible and have it treated quickly, to both alleviate immediate pain and discomfort and prevent infection from spreading to the inner or middle ear.
What causes black gunk in dog’s ears?
The presence of yeast, bacteria, or both confirms an ear infection diagnosis. Dogs with yeast-related ear infections often have dark brown or black debris in the ears. Dogs with bacterial ear infections may have yellow-brown debris or pus in the ears.
How often should you clean dog ears?
Wondering how often your dog’s ears need to be cleaned? In general, once per month is a good rule of thumb. Breeds with long, floppy ears or dogs who swim frequently may need to have their ears cleaned every other week, or even weekly. After bathing or swimming, be sure to properly dry your pup’s ears.
How can you clean a dog’s ears?
Squeeze a veterinarian-approved ear-cleaning solution to fill your dog’s ear canal and massage gently at the base of the ear for about 30 seconds. You will hear a squishing sound as the product dislodges debris and buildup. Don’t let the tip of the applicator touch your dog’s ear, as this can introduce bacteria.

domain: pet


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I enjoy many things, and am very eclectic with EVERYTHING. I have 2 children of the furry pursuation and I adore them. Reading and writing poetry have kept me on a functioning level of sanity. If you want to get to know me, you make an effort. My life is how I want it to be, everything in life is a choice, you choose how you need to live your life in order to be happy. Happiness is a choice that comes from within, you create your own misery, and you choose to live it. I am serious by nature, but in the right moods, can be a total goofball. I can be a walking contradiction even at times seemingly paradoxical. For I am a child of the dark almost as much as I am the light. My tolerance for human ignorance is quite low, nearly non-exsistant and keeps growing thinner by the day, pending my interaction. I am an Aquarius in every aspect, from being a humanitarian, having a rebellious nature and need for change, to being far to stubborn, outspoken, cynical and bit of a perfectionist.
I do like the darker side of things, the night, occult, paranormal, arcane and supernatural and alternative lifestyles. I am quite liberal, mildly conservative, sometimes old fashioned, forever curious and a thinker by nature.


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Can you work and get food stamps? What places can you buy with food stamps?
What I mean is what places can you buy food at with food stamps?
Will I get less if I work?
- FoofaLv 71 month ago
The "working poor" often can still qualify for food stamps. This is how businesses like Walmart shift a lot of their labor costs to the taxpayers. It's also a fact that many military families earn so little they qualify. Where to spend this food aid differs by state but in most cases it can spent at any grocery store and even in a few places where it shouldn't be such as fast/junk food "restaurants". If we were really concerned about the epidemic of obesity amongst the poor (which accounts for them being more susceptible to COVID-19) we'd stop letting McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, et al accept food stamps.
- StephenWeinsteinLv 71 month ago
Yes. Many food stamp recipients have jobs.
- babyboomer1001Lv 71 month ago
Food stamps cannot be used to buy places. It would take a whole lot more money than what a food stamp is worth. Hey - brain dead: FOOD stamps are for FOOD.

domain: sociology


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You are expected to find and use high quality literature. You'll need to use a range of different sources and demonstrate your ability to find good results in order to impress your tutors and to develop your research skills.
The Morrell and Burton Libraries contain directories of periodicals and indexes to their contents. Among the most useful for historians covering the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are:
Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. By William Frederick Poole ... rev. ed. Gloucester, Mass: Smith, 1958. 6 vols. [in 7] 1802-1906.
The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. W.E. Houghton editor. Toronto U.P., 1966-89. 5 vols.
Barrow, Margaret. Women 1870-1928: a select guide to printed and archival sources in the United Kingdom. London, Mansell, 1981.
Kanner, Barbara. Women in English social history 1800-1914: a guide to research. 3 vols. New York, Garland, 1987-90.
All microfilms are listed in full on YorSearch
Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith. The emancipation of women. British Library Microfiche Publications, 1987.
Includes Women and work (1857), and Objections to the enfranchisement of women considered (1866).
Butler, Josephine Elizabeth. Josephine Butler Letter Collection.
Letters from and to Josephine Butler (1816-1907) from the collection held in the Women's Library (formerly the Fawcett Library), London Metropolitan University. Includes chronological, name and subject indexes.
Butler, Josephine Elizabeth. Women's work and women's culture. Macmillan, 1869.
Cobbe, Frances Power. Life of F.P. Cobbe. Bentley, 1894.
Colonial discourses: series one: women, travel and empire, 1660-1914. Adam Matthew Publications, 1999-2001.
Part 1. Early travel accounts by women, and women's experiences in India, Africa, Australasia and Canada (25 reels).
Part 2. Women and the Orient (25 reels).
Part 3. Women and the Orient (26 reels).
Conservative Party (Great Britain). Archives of the British Conservative Party: Conservative Party committee minutes 1909-1964. Harvester Microform Publications, 1986.
Davies, Emily, and Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith. Women and education, 1849-1921: the papers of Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon from Girton College, Cambridge. Research Publications, 1985.
Fawcett, Millicent. What I remember. Unwin, 1925.
Ladies of Llangollen: letters and journals of Lady Eleanor Butler (1739-1829) and Sarah Ponsonby (1755-1831) from the National Library of Wales. Adam Matthew Publications, 1997.
Also known as the Hamwood papers.
Larpent, Anna Margaretta. A Woman's View of Drama, 1790-1830: the diaries of Anna Margaretta Larpent in the Huntington Library. Adam Matthew Publications, 1995.
Marsden, Dora. Dora Marsden collection. Series II. Correspondence C. Women's suffrage. Box 1, folders 28-29. Box 2, folders 1-2. Princeton University Libraries, 1993.
Manuscript correspondence between Dora Marsden and Mary Gawthorpe, and others, 1909-13, with some miscellaneous papers.
Martineau, Harriet. Women, emancipation and literature: the papers of Harriet Martineau, 1802-1876, from Birmingham University Library. Adam Matthew Publications, 1991.
National Society for Women's Suffrage. Occasional papers. Inter Documentation.
Covers the period June 1881 - March 1900.
Occasional Paper: issued by the Midland Counties Electoral Union for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts relating to Women. Inter Documentation, 1984. Nos. 1-77. 1877-1886.
Pankhurst, Estelle Sylvia. Women, suffrage and politics: the papers of Sylvia Pankhurst 1882-1960. Adam Matthew Publications, 1994.
Personal archive in full, along with minute books and records of the East London Federation of the Suffragettes, 1913-1920, and the Women's Franchise League, 1896-1897; including correspondence with E.C. Wolstenholme Elmy, James Keir Hardie, Dora Russell, Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Christabel Pankhurst and Ramsay MacDonald.
Sex and Sexuality, 1640-1940: literary, medical and sociological perspectives. Part 1. Adam Matthew Publications, 1998.
Sexual politics in Britain. Harvester/Primary Source Microfilm, 1967-1983.
Consists of periodicals, pamphlets, and leaflets concerning women's and gay rights published since the early 1970s.
The Suffragette Fellowship Collection in the Museum of London. Harvester Press, 1985.
Incorporates annual reports and minute books from the National Women's Social & Political Union and the Women's Freedom League. Also personal papers, correspondence, pamphlets, photographs etc.
Women Advising Women, Parts 1-4. Adam Matthew Publications, 1992 - ...
Part 1: early women's journals, c1700-1832, from the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Part 2: advice books, manuals, almanacs and journals, c1625-1837, from the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Part 3: the Lady's magazine, 1770-1800.
Part 4: the Lady's magazine, 1801-1832.
Women's Co-operative Guild. Collection of archive material. E.P. Microform, 1983.
Annual reports, early histories, committee minutes, miscellaneous printed material from the period 1883-1939. Introduction to collection on first reel.
Women's Labour League. Miscellaneous papers and minutes. 1906-18.
Archives of the British Labour Party. Series III. General Correspondence and political records. Part 4.
Women's Trade Union League. Papers.
Reports, balance sheets, minutes for the period 1875-1921. Includes Women's Union Journal, Nos. 12-119.
Women's Trade Union Review: E.P. Microform, 1975.
The quarterly report of the Women's Trade Union League for the years 1891-1906, 1911-1913, 1917-19.
Women's autobiographies from Cambridge University Library. Adam Matthew Publications, 1999.
Pt 1: texts describing the lives of 33 women who lived between 1713-1859
Pt 2: texts describing the lives of 19 women who lived between 1780-1889.
Women's Labour League. The archives of the Women's Labour League and successors: conference reports and journals of the Women's Labour League and the Labour Party Women's Organisation, 1906-1977. Harvester, 1985.
All microfilms are listed in full on YorSearch
The Anti-Suffrage Review. Nos. 1-113. 1908-18. Originally published by the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League.
Britannia: official organ of the Women's Social and Political Union. Ed. by Christabel Pankhurst. October 9th 1915 - December 20th 1918.
The Common Cause: the organ of the Women's Movement for Reform. Vols. 2-11. 1910-1920.
The Conservative & Unionist Women's Franchise Review. Nos. 1-27. 1909-16.
English Woman's Journal. Vols. 1-13. 1858-64.
Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions. 1866-1910.
The Freewoman: a weekly feminist review. November 1911 - October 1912.
Labour Woman. May 1913-1939. Formerly The League Leaflet.
The League Leaflet: being a paper to interest and to help members of the Women's Labour League and other friends of the Labour Party. January 1911 - April 1913. Continued as Labour Woman.
The Methodist Protest: the organ of the Wesleyan Society for securing the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. Vols. 1-8. 1876-83. From Vol. 3 entitled The Protest.
The National League Journal: a monthly record of the Working Men's National League for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. Nos. 1-114. 1875-1884. Special supplementary number containing a full copy of the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1866-69, on the first fiche. Merged with The Sentinel.
The Protest. Continuation from vol. 3 of The Methodist Protest: the organ of the Wesleyan Society for securing the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. 1876-83.
The Sentinel: a monthly journal devoted to the exposition and advancement of public morality and to the suppression of vice. Vols. 1-21. 1882-99.
Shafts: a paper for women and the working classes. Vol. 1-7. November 1892-99.
The Shield: the Anti-Contagious Diseases Acts Associations' weekly circular. In seven series covering 1870-86 (ed. by Josephine Butler), 1897-1956 and 1960; annual volumes 1961-68 and a centenary volume 1970.
The Storm-Bell. Ed. by Mrs. Josephine Butler for the Ladies' National Association for the Abolition of State Regulation of Vice. Nos. 1-24. 1898-1900.
The Suffragette. Ed. by Christabel Pankhurst. October 1912 - October 1915. Merged with Britannia in October 1915.
The Vote: organ of the Women's Freedom League. Ed. by Cicely Hamilton and Marion Holmes. September 1909 - November 1933.
Votes for Women. Ed. by Frederick W. And Emmeline Pethick Lawrence. October 1907 - February 1918.
The Woman Worker: official organ of the National Federation of Women Workers. Ed. by Mary Macarthur. 1908-10, 1916-21. Published under the title Womenfolk from February to June 1910. Resumed publication in 1916 as Woman Worker.
The Woman's Dreadnought. Ed. by Sylvia Pankhurst. March 1914 - July 1917. Continued as The Workers' Dreadnought.
Women and Victorian values, 1837-1910, parts 5 and 6: advice books, manuals and journals for women / sources from the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Women's Industrial News: organ of the Women's Industrial Council. October 1895 - October 1914.
Women's journals, 1919-1968: from franchise to feminism. Adam Matthew Publications, 1997.
Pt 1: Eve, 1919-1929.
Women's Suffrage Journal. Ed. by Lydia E. Becker. Vols. 1-21. 1870-90.
Women's Suffrage Record. June 1903 - November 1906.
Women's Union Journal: the organ of the Women's Protective and Provident League. Nos. 12-179. 1877-90. Nos 12-119 are included in the Women's Trade Union League's Papers.
The Workers' Dreadnought. Ed. by Sylvia Pankhurst. July 1917 - June 1924. Formerly The Woman's Dreadnought.

domain: history


text:
A groundbreaking synthetic material developed by a team of Penn State researchers is poised to revolutionize the study of how microorganisms interact with the gastrointestinal (GI) system. This innovative material not only promises to simplify the research process, but also has the potential to significantly reduce costs, making it more accessible for scientists to investigate the impact of various factors on gut health.
The gastrointestinal system is lined with a protective layer of mucus, which plays a crucial role in interactions between gut bacteria and the body. Traditionally, researchers have relied on engineered mouse models to study these interactions, but this approach is not only expensive but also technically challenging for many researchers. To address these barriers, the team introduced a synthetic alternative to the mucus lining, dubbed fluorine-assisted mucus surrogates (FAMS).
In a recent publication in Advanced Functional Materials, the researchers detailed the creation of FAMS, which involves utilizing affordable and readily available ingredients suitable for laboratory experiments. By directing amino acids to assemble at liquid interfaces, the team was able to produce a gel-like material that mimics the properties of gastrointestinal mucus. This innovative approach offers a cost-effective and practical solution for studying gut microbiome interactions in a laboratory setting.
Lead researcher Scott Medina, along with bioengineering graduate student Michael Miller, spearheaded the development of FAMS. The material has the potential to streamline microbiome research and drug discovery processes, ultimately reducing the reliance on animal models. Furthermore, the researchers are exploring the possibility of enhancing FAMS by collaborating with experts in 3D printing technology to create customizable gut tissues that replicate the architecture of the GI tract.
According to Miller, FAMS present a non-invasive way to study the effects of drugs, probiotics, and diseases on the gut microbiome. The team envisions that the use of FAMS could lead to the discovery of novel treatments for chronic GI conditions, significantly advancing the field of gut health research. Ultimately, this cutting-edge technology has the potential to drive innovation and improve outcomes in the study of gastrointestinal disorders and diseases.
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it

domain: news


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Monday, June 28, 2010
Bob Hamer's Enemies Among Us ~ Reviewed
Enemies Among Us: A Novel
Paperback: 336 pages
Publisher: Fidelis; 1 edition (March 1, 2010)
Matt Hogan loves being an undercover FBI agent almost as much as he loves his wife, Caitlin. But when the daring-some would say reckless-G-Man totals two vehicles in his Beverly Hills pursuit of a fleeing Arab drug runner, he incurs the wrath of the Bureau's hierarchy. To avoid almost-certain suspension, he accepts a new assignment to track terrorist cell groups while posing as a volunteer at World Angel Clinic, a Christian ministry reaching out to injured Third World children. What Matt doesn't know is that the ripples of danger from this case will threaten not only his and Caitlin's life and happiness, but also the safety and security of the entire nation.
Love great action, a genuine hero and some nasty bad guys? Searching for an authentic, fascinating and thought provoking novel? Don't assume you can't have both as Bob Hamer's debut novel, Enemies Among Us, proves without question. Combine Robert Liparulo's dangerous escapades, Randy Singer's intrigue and Oliver North's credibility and there you will find Bob Hamer. This former marine and FBI agent turned writer, engages the reader from the first page, journeying with his character Matt Hogan, into the formidable and often precarious world of an undercover agent. Adventurous and often reckless, Matt Hogan is also a devoted husband and compassionate man, reflecting reality rather than Hollywood fantasy. Matt wrestles with the impact of his wife's faith upon his work and his own rejection of God in a manner that is refreshingly realistic. Bob skilfully provides a glimpse into the FBI including the mundane nature of paperwork, the cumbersome machinations of bureaucracy and sometimes dangerously ineffective personnel while maintaining interest in the story. If you enjoy a good dose of reality served up with your thriller, don't miss Enemies Among Us. With the door left wide open for a sequel, I can't wait to read more of what Bob has to offer.
Reviewed by: Rel Mollet

domain: literature


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If you’re looking for a dog that combines the regal beauty of the Irish Wolfhound with the imposing stature of the English Mastiff, look no further than the Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix. This extraordinary crossbreed is truly a sight to behold, with its graceful movements and powerful build.
The Irish Wolfhound, known for its remarkable size and gentle nature, traces its roots back to ancient times. Bred as a hunting and guarding dog, it was valued for its ability to take down large game and protect its owners. Similarly, the English Mastiff has a long and storied history, dating back to the Roman era. Renowned for its loyalty and courage, this breed was often used in battles and as a palace guardian.
When these two magnificent breeds come together, the result is a dog that embodies the best traits of both. The Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix is not only a stunningly beautiful animal, but also a devoted companion and a fierce protector. With its towering presence and gentle disposition, it is well-suited for families and individuals alike.
Whether out on a leisurely stroll or guarding its home, this mix is sure to turn heads and make a lasting impression. The combination of the Irish Wolfhound’s aristocratic elegance and the English Mastiff’s imposing stature creates a dog like no other. If you’re ready to welcome a truly majestic companion into your life, consider the Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix.
Appearance and Size
The Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix is a large and powerful dog breed, known for its impressive size and majestic appearance. These dogs have a muscular and well-proportioned body, with a broad chest and strong limbs. The head is large and square-shaped, with a well-defined stop and a broad muzzle.
When it comes to size, this mix is one of the largest dog breeds in the world. Typically, an adult Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix can reach a height of 30 to 36 inches (76 to 91 cm) at the shoulder and weigh between 120 to 180 pounds (54 to 82 kg). The males tend to be larger than the females.
Despite their massive size, these dogs have a graceful and elegant gait. They have a dense, double coat that provides protection and insulation, which comes in various colors such as fawn, brindle, black, and gray.
The distinct appearance and size of the Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix make them truly remarkable and eye-catching dogs.
Temperament and Behavior
The Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff Mix is known for its gentle and friendly temperament. These dogs are typically good-natured and get along well with children and other pets. They are affectionate and love being around their family, often seeking out attention and companionship.
This mix is also known for its loyalty and protective nature. While they may be friendly and gentle, they can also be fearless and become fiercely protective of their family and home if the need arises. Despite their size, they are generally not aggressive and rarely bark without reason.
These dogs are intelligent and eager to please, which makes them relatively easy to train. They respond well to positive reinforcement methods and enjoy learning new commands and tricks. Early socialization and obedience training are important to ensure they grow up to be well-behaved and obedient dogs.
Due to their large size, it is important to provide these dogs with proper exercise to keep them physically and mentally stimulated. They enjoy outdoor activities like long walks, hikes, and playing fetch. However, they are also content with relaxing and lounging around the house with their family.
In summary, the Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff Mix is a gentle, friendly, and loyal breed that makes for a wonderful family pet. Their protective nature, intelligence, and eagerness to please contribute to their overall good behavior and trainability.
Exercise and Training
Exercise and training are crucial for the Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff Mix. As a large and active breed, they require ample exercise to keep them physically and mentally stimulated. Without sufficient exercise, they may become bored and exhibit destructive behaviors.
These dogs enjoy regular walks and runs, as well as opportunities to play and explore in a secure and fenced outdoor area. It is recommended to provide them with at least 1-2 hours of exercise daily.
In addition to physical exercise, training is essential to ensure that your Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff Mix becomes a well-behaved and obedient companion. Early socialization and obedience training should start from a young age.
Positive reinforcement methods such as using treats, praise, and rewards work best for training this breed. They are intelligent and eager to please, making training sessions enjoyable for both the dog and the owner.
It is important to remember that these mix breeds can be stubborn at times, so patience and consistency are key. Using firm but gentle training techniques will yield the best results.
|Regular walks and runs
|Use positive reinforcement
|Play and explore in a secure outdoor area
|Start training from a young age
|1-2 hours of exercise daily
|Be patient and consistent
In summary, providing regular exercise and training is essential for the Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff Mix. With proper physical and mental stimulation, along with training techniques that focus on positive reinforcement, these dogs can become well-behaved and obedient companions.
Health and Care
The Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff Mix is generally a healthy breed with an average lifespan of 8 to 12 years. However, they may be prone to certain health issues that are common in both parent breeds. It is crucial for owners to be aware of these potential health concerns and take necessary precautions to ensure the well-being of their pets.
Some of the health issues that this mix breed may be prone to include:
|Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (Bloat)
|This is a life-threatening condition where the stomach twists and traps gas and food inside. It requires immediate medical attention.
|A condition where the hip joint is not properly formed, leading to pain, lameness, and arthritis.
|A developmental abnormality in the elbow joint, causing pain and lameness.
|Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
|A degenerative eye disorder that can lead to vision loss and blindness.
|Heart problems such as dilated cardiomyopathy may occur in this mix breed.
To ensure the overall health of the Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff Mix, regular veterinary check-ups are important. This includes vaccinations, dental care, and parasite prevention. Maintaining a balanced diet, providing regular exercise, and keeping the dog at a healthy weight are also crucial for their well-being.
It is recommended to provide them with a large, comfortable bed and a safe, spacious environment to prevent joint and muscle issues. Regular grooming, including brushing their coat and cleaning their ears, is necessary to keep them clean and prevent any skin or ear infections.
Owners should also pay attention to their dog’s behavior and look out for any signs of discomfort or distress. If any health issues are suspected, contacting a veterinarian for professional advice and diagnosis is always the best course of action.
History and Origins
The Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix is a unique and relatively rare hybrid breed that combines the traits of two large and noble dog breeds. To understand the origins of this mix, it is important to explore the history of both the Irish Wolfhound and the English Mastiff.
The Irish Wolfhound, also known as the “gentle giant,” is one of the oldest dog breeds in the world, with a history dating back thousands of years. It was originally bred in Ireland for hunting wolves, boars, and other large game. Irish legends and mythology often mention these magnificent dogs, depicting them as loyal and courageous companions to kings and warriors.
The English Mastiff, on the other hand, has its origins in ancient Persia and was later brought to Britain by the Phoenicians. It was primarily used as a guard dog and for dog fighting in ancient Rome. Over the years, the English Mastiff gained popularity in England and became a favorite of royalty and nobility.
The Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix is believed to have originated in recent years as breeders began crossing these two majestic breeds. The goal was to create a dog that possesses the best traits of both breeds, such as the size and power of the English Mastiff and the speed and agility of the Irish Wolfhound.
Today, the Irish Wolfhound English Mastiff mix is admired for its impressive size, gentle temperament, and loyalty. While its exact origins may still be debated, this hybrid breed is becoming increasingly popular among dog enthusiasts who appreciate the unique combination of these two remarkable breeds.
Pitbull attacks the wrong dog (Kangal) and pays the price!!!


DC residents and Congress will get a friendly reminder from Public Notice, a non-profit organization dedicated to providing facts about run-away federal spending, as the group launches their fourth campaign ad reminding politicians the debt ceiling shouldn't be raised without substantial spending cuts attached. The ads will appear on public buses and bus stops for a month throughout Washington D.C. as debt negotiations continue on Capitol Hill.
Gretchen Hamel, executive director of Public Notice, said the following:
"This shouldn’t be a surprise to anyone in Washington. Public Notice is just echoing Americans’ demands for fiscal sanity – even – or maybe especially – in the seemingly safe spending harbor of Washington, D.C.
"And all those people who want to keep spending? They’ll look out their K Street windows and see these buses rolling by.
"This is another step in our ongoing campaign to hold members of Congress to the promise they made to their constituents to make the tough choices and rein in spending. They will know the American people won’t forget."
With less than five weeks until the August 2nd deadline, President Obama gave a stern warning to Congress last week, saying, "There’s no point in putting it off.We’ve got to get this done." All opinion polls point to the need to cut spending. Let’s hope Congress follows suit and gets our nation back on sound fiscal footing.
The ads read:
Tired of waiting…For Congress to realize they can’t raise the debt ceiling without cutting spending?
You’re missing the bus if you think Congress can raise the debt ceiling without cutting spending.
Next Stop: Greece. Don’t raise the debt ceiling without cutting spending.
Next Stop: Greece. Raising the debt ceiling without cutting spending is our own Greek Tragedy.
Hit the brakes on raising the debt ceiling without cutting government spending.


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Save money on auto financing by understanding your credit score and leveraging competing loan offers in the dealership. Put money down, keep the term as brief as you can afford, and of course don’t buy more car than you can afford.
Among the biggest mistakes, people make when buying a new car is forgetting to incorporate the expense of auto financing in the total cost.
Tips For Saving On Your Car Loan
By way of instance, if you are buying a brand new Honda Civic, the difference between”sticker price” and the dealer’s invoice price (what the dealer paid for the car) is roughly $1,500. If you negotiate well, you could save $1,000 or more on the purchase price of the automobile.
Should you finance the car for four years in six percent with nothing down, you are going to pay over $2,000 in interest.
If you’re willing to negotiate the price of the car, you should not discount the rates and terms of your financing. I made this error the first time I bought a car and vowed to not do it.
If you’re in the market for a new car, do not wait until you’re in”the box” (what some traders call the offices where you complete the paperwork) to think about your financing.
Your car isn’t an investment. Quite the opposite: Automobiles depreciate like mad. For this reason alone, it is not wise to pay interest on a car loan. What happens in most cases is that the car depreciates and also the value of the car drops faster than you repay the loan, leaving you upside down or underwater (when you owe more on the loan than the car is worth).
That said, a lot of us need cars to get to our jobs and do not have the money lying around to buy a trusted ride. So we get a car loan. That’s cool, but there’s a difference between using a car loan sensibly and using it to buy a lot of car you can’t afford.
I’ve got the credit and income to go out and find financing for a BMW M3. But that doesn’t mean that I need to get it. Exactly what the dealerships will tell you you can afford and what you ought to spend are two quite different things.
Utilize our car affordability calculator to learn what you can afford.
At any time you finance a vehicle, you need to consider it not only in terms of the monthly fee, but also in terms of the entire cost. Here Is What I recommend:
1. Know your credit score Before Going to the dealership
If there’s ever a time to confirm and monitor your credit score and report, it’s before you get a car loan.
Here is the deal: Unlike a credit card, you can usually get a car loan even in the event you have fairly awful credit–you’ll only pay (much ) more. The reason? It’s relatively easy for the banks to repossess a vehicle if you don’t pay.
But if you’ve got shaky credit, you’re likely excited to even get a financial loan, which means you’re not going to need to ask if there’s a lower rate available. Traders understand this and they earn a lot of cash on it.
Free tools such as Credit Karma can help you understand your credit rating. Once you understand your credit score, you can learn when you are able to qualify for the best car loan prices.
Dealerships will frequently advertise very good interest rates on new automobiles: 2.9 percent, 1.9 percent, occasionally even 0 percent.
Buyers with credit scores in the low 700s may still receive a great interest rate but might not qualify for the best promotions.
The lower your credit score, the more important it’s to look around and make sure that you’re getting the best rate a bank can offer you. Yes, you might have to pay more than someone with good charge, but you might not have to pay the first rate someone offers.
2. If your credit isn’t perfect, get financing quotes before you go
In case you have excellent credit and you know it, you can generally find the best financing rates directly from the dealership (who functions as a broker for multiple creditors ).
Don’t have stellar credit? Try online lenders. You complete a credit application and therefore are presented together with your interest rate and the maximum amount you can spend on your car. The nice thing is you do not need to utilize this loan if the dealer provides you a better deal, but at least you can walk through the door knowing that you have an interest rate to conquer.
One of our favorite loan fitting services is Fiona (formerly Even Financial). When we had been considering partnering with them, we tried their solutions and found they provide the lowest-cost loans according to your unique needs and situation. You can read our review or try them out yourselves.
Most of the time, local banks and credit unions can offer borrowers with typical credit the most competitive interest rates on both the new and used car loans. Even better, you might have the ability to use the pre-arranged financing as a bargaining chip with the dealership finance and insurance (F&I) supervisor and score an even lower interest rate.
3. Keep the term as short as you can afford
Shorter loan terms come with lower interest rates but greater monthly payments. And that is exactly what you want.
If you walk into a dealership and say you want to finance your car, any savvy automobile salesperson will attempt to negotiate with you you based upon your own monthly payment, not the overall purchase price of the automobile. By doing so, the sales rep may show you lower and lower premiums by extending the term of your loan, not by reducing the purchase price of the automobile. Suddenly a $470 automobile payment becomes a $350 car payment. And yet you’re not paying less for your vehicle. In fact, you are going to be paying more in interest.
The more time you take to repay a loan, the more interest you’ll pay. But that is not all. Many times banks will charge high-interest rates for longer loans, further increasing the cost of charge.
It is tempting to extend out an auto loan within five or even six years to get to some comfortable monthly payment, however, this means you’ll pay far more in interest and nearly definitely be upside down to your automobile for nearly the life of the loan.
4. Put 20 percent down
In addition to some short loan terms, you can avoid a situation where you owe more money than the car is worth putting money down.
This may seem as a no-brainer, but many dealerships do not even require buyers with great credit to make any down payment in any way.
Driving off in your automobile without putting a penny down is tempting, but it is risky. A bigger down payment ensures this doesn’t happen.
5. Pay for taxes, fees, and “extras” with cash
Don’t finance the miscellaneous expenses included in your vehicle buy such as sales tax, registration fees, documentation fees, and some other extras you decide to purchase like extended warranties.
Many times, traders are more than happy to roll up some or all these fees into your own financing. Unfortunately, doing that just ensures you’ll be upside down on your car loan, at least for a while, since you’re raising the quantity of your loan but not the worth of the automobile securing the loan.
Other considerations when financing a car
Without gap insurance, your auto insurer is only going to pay reserve value for your vehicle, whatever you owe on the loan. If you wreck your car and still spend $12,000 in your loan, however, the insurance provider only covers the car for $10,000, you are responsible for paying the $2,000. (And you’re without a car.)
People buy gap insurance out of fear because nobody wants to owe a couple of thousand on a totaled car. But should you structure your car loan properly (put money down and stick to a three-year term), you can feel confident that you won’t need gap insurance as your car shouldn’t be worth less than what you owe.
When to refinance a car loan
The policies the dealers offer may be the most costly, so in the event that you feel as if you need gap insurance, contact your auto insurance agent.
Let’s say you didn’t find this article in time and got stuck with a very bad car loan. No big deal.
It’s simple to find auto loan refinancing quotes online with no obligation. LendingTree is a trustworthy website that provides four to five quotes with one easy program.
Wherever you go, ask about any fees for initiating or applying for the loan and prevent lenders that wish to lower your monthly payment by extending the duration of your loan. With an automobile loan refinance, you want to get a lower rate of interest and pay down the loan within the exact same or shorter duration.

domain: finance