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CSIR Earth Sciences Sample Paper 1
Q-1. Which of the following characteristics best describes the Bay of Bengal?
(a) Open ocean upwelling and winter cooling.
(b) Strong stratification in salinity in surface waters.
(c) High primary production.
(d) Suboxic intermediate waters.
Q-2 If in sea water is increased by the addition of bicarbonate and carbonate ions from rivers, the ocean will become,
(a) More acidic (pH 6.5)
(b) Neutral in pH (pH 7)
(c) Less acidic (pH 8)
(d) More alkaline (pH 8.4)
Q-3 Carioles force arises due to
(a) Revolution of the earth around the sun
(b) Rotation of the earth around its axis
(c) Revolution of the earth-moon system around sun
(d) Gravitational attraction of the earth-moon system
Q-4 Oxygen minimum zone within the ocean occurs because of very
(a) High biological production.
(b) Good water circulation.
(c) High vertical mixing.
(d) High lateral advection.
Q-5 Wind blowing over the ocean surface drives an ocean current and if the wind stops abruptly the current continues to flow. This flow is known as
(a) Geotropic motion.
(b) Inertial motion
(c) Motion with friction.
(d) Buoyancy driven motion.
Q-6 In an El Nino year, the western pacific warm pool moves towards the east and this modifies the
(a) Hadley circulation
(b) Langmuir circulation.
(c) Ferrell circulation
(d) Walker circulate
Q-7 If the radius of the earth is R, what is the shortest curved distance on the earth’s surface between the location and
Q-8 The monthly rain fall ( mm ) of a city in the southern hemisphere is given below.
From this data, one can infer that
(a) Summer is a dry season
(b) Winter is a dry season
(c) Distribution of rainfall is bimodal
(d) Annual precipitation is 100 mm.
Q-9 Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that can cause global warming and sea level rise. If we have enough financial resources and technology, we can completely remove from the atmosphere. However, this may not be desirable mainly because
(a) The earth may go into an ice-age
(b) It will have an adverse effect on bio-diversity.
(c) Plants may become extinct followed by animals and humans
(d) The pH of the rain water will increase.
Q-10 The depth at which thermo cline starts in the oceans
(a) Increases from equatorial regions to Polar Regions.
(b) Decreases from west to east.
(c) Increases from west to east.
(d) Decreases from equatorial to Polar Regions.
Q-11 Following are the important milestones in organic evolution:
1. Following are the important milestones in organic evolution:
2. First flowering plants.
3. First fish appear.
4. Dinosaurs appear.
Which of the following gives the correct sequence of evolution?
(a) c, a , d, b
(b) c, d , a , b
(c) d, a , c , b
(d) a, c , d , b
Q-12 The chief source of atmospheric heat is
(a) Incoming solar radiation
(b) Infrared radiation from the earth.
(c) Ultraviolet radiation absorbed by the ozone layer.
(d) Ultraviolet radiation absorbed by clouds.
Q-13 In the course of organic evolution, the first appearance of organisms with hard parts occurred in the
(a) Middle Proterozoi
(b) Late Proterozoi
Q-14 The hypothesis for the origin of life envisaged that the primitive atmosphere was
(a) Having abundant nitrogen and oxygen
(b) Reducing and contained essentially but not
(c) Having only free oxygen and hydrogen which combined to give water to oceans.
(d) Having only sulfur dioxide and water vapor.
Q-15 Which one of the following combination represents, Northern, Eastern, Southern & Western boundaries of the Indian Ocean respectively?
(a) South Asia, Australia, Southern Ocean, Africa
(b) Africa, Southern Ocean, Australia, South Asia
(c) South Asia, Southern Ocean, Australia, Africa
(d) South Asia, Africa, Southern Ocean, Australia
Q-16 The predominant factor for maintaining the dissolved oxygen level in seawater is
(a) Primary production
(b) Community respiration
(c) Biochemical oxygen demand
(d) Air-sea exchange
Q-17 The variance (or degree of freedom) of a chemical system (a rock) comprising muscovite and quartz in the presence of water vapor is
Q-18 The kinetic energy of gases is On heating comprisinge of the molecules the velocity of the lighter molecule relative to that of the heavier molecules in the vapor phase should be
Q-19 The mineral coesite is a high pressure polymorph of , and therefore occurs in the deeper parts of the Earth's interior. The occurrence of coesite at surface condition implies
(a) Slow exhumation and impeded volume expansion
(b) Rapid exhumation and unimpeded volume expansion
(c) Rapid exhumation and impeded volume expansion
(d) Slow exhumation and unimpeded volume expansion
Q-20 The mineral quartz, containing only and , is the most common mineral on the continental landscape. If so, we can infer that
(a) is the most abundant element in the earth
(b) is the most abundant element in the earth
(c) Quartz is the most stable rock-forming mineral on the landscape
(d) Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the continental rocks.
Q-21 When moisture – laden winds are blocked by a mountain chain, intense rainfall happens as in the Western Ghats and Himalayan regions - the Pornographic effect. In such cases which one of the following factors is dominantly responsible for intense precipitation?
(a) Mountain heights
(b) Mountain orientation with respect to wind direction
(c) Ascent induced by latent heat of condensation of water vapor
(d) Vegetation on the mountain slopes.
Q-22 By which one of the following decay schemes does the decay of take place?
(a) Mission of -particles
(b) Electron capture by nucleus
(c) Emission of
(d) Emission of
Q-23 Quantitative chemical analysis of a rock revealed its content to be 10.0 wt. %. If the atomic weight of Mg and O are 24 and 16 respectively, then how much is the Mg content of the rock?
Q-24 During storms, thatched roofs of huts are lifted and are carried away by wind. The basic principle that governs the process is
(a) Bernoulli's principle
(b) Carioles force
(c) Pascal's law
(d) Archimedes principle
Q-25 A geostationary satellite orbiting at an attitude of 36,000 km has a period of 24 hours. What is the orbital period of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of 1000 km (take the radius of the Earth as ~6000 km)
Q-26 Age of the earth is estimated to be about 4.5 billion years based on isotopes, such as whose half life is about 4.5 billion years. If the half-life of were 9.0 billion years, then the age of the Earth would be
(a) 4.5 billion years
(b) 9.0 billion years
(c) 4.5 year
Q-27 Assuming that the earth's atmosphere is made of 80% and 20% by volume, what is the ratio of their partial pressures (partial pressure is based on molecular weight)?
(a) 7 : 2
(b) 4 : 1
(c) 1 : 4
(d) 2 : 7
Q-28 Moon's gravity is about of that on earth. What is the period of a seconds pendulum on the Moon? (Neglect thermal contraction / expansion)
(c) 2 sec.
(d) 1 sec.
Q-29 In the rain shadow area (leeward side of a mountain), the air mass is characterized by
(a) Warm and stable conditions
(b) Warm and unstable conditions
(c) Cold and stable conditions
(d) Cold and unstable conditions
Q-30 Which of the following soil properties determines the rate at which water can pass through porous material?
Q-31 The Earth would have one side always facing the sun if the
(a) Earth went around the sun but did not rotate.
(b) Period of rotation and revolution were equal
(c) Period of rotation was half that of the period of revolution
(d) Period of rotation was twice that of the period of revolution.
Q-32 Assuming the altitude of all the continents to be the same, the range of temperature would be greatest at the
(a) Centre of the largest mass at high latitude
(b) Centre of the largest mass at low latitude
(c) Western part of the largest mass in southern hemisphere
(d) Eastern part of the largest mass in northern hemisphere
Q-33 Ocean surface currents are mainly caused by
(c) Salinity difference
(d) Density difference
Q-34 The stress at which rocks begin to strain permanently is the
(a) Yield streng
(b) Ultimate streng
(c) Fracture strengt
(d) Tensile strengt
Q-35 A scientist runs an experiment to test the deformation behavior of a rock in the atmospheric condition and plots the compressive stress as a function of strain She finds that
Q-36 In the Himalayan mountain belt one can find abundant
(a) Normal faults and folds
(b) Thrusts and folds
(c) Strike – slip faults and bending of rock strata
(d) Gravity – induced sag structures
Q-37 Natural earthquakes are generated due to
(a) Plastic flow of rocks and release of plastic strain energy
(b) Folding of rock layers
(c) Sudden release of elastic strain energy during fracture propagation
(d) Sudden release of viscous strain accumulated in rocks.
Q-38 The Mohorovicic discontinuity below the Himalayan oregano is at a depth greater than that below the Indian Carton. This is because of :
(a) Isocratic mass adjustment
(b) Lateral density variation
(c) Upwelling material below the Indian carton
(d) Less tectonic activity in the Himalayan region.
Q-39 P-wave shadow zones recorded by seismologists indicate the boundary between the
(a) Lower and upper crusts
(b) Inner core and outer core
(c) Lower mantle and outer core
(d) Transition zone and lower mantle
Q-40 In the mantle, heat flow on long time scales takes place by convection. With increase in the Rayleigh number, the mantle convection would
(b) Become vigorous
(c) Propagate laterally
(d) Be pulsating
Q-41 In a narrow channel, water is flowing in a laminar manner. The flow will turn turbulent if
(a) The Reynolds number exceeds a critical number
(b) The viscosity of water increases
(c) The Rayleigh number decreases down to a critical value
(d) The Reynolds number drops below a critical value
Q-42 A small pebble is dropped into the deep sea from a floating glacier mass. The pebble falls down, and is then likely to hit the sea bottom with
(a) An accelerating velocity
(b) A decelerating velocity
(c) A uniform velocity
(d) A uniform velocity
Q-43 The landmasses overlain by thick glacier masses slowly move up following the phase of DE glaciation. This indicates that the Earth's interior is
(a) Perfectly east
(b) Perfectly plastic
Q-44 In the Earth's crust the radioactive element Rb is likely to concentrate preferentially in
(a) K – feldspar
Q-45 A mineral with monoclinic crystal symmetry is observed under ab optical microscope. The observations indicate that the mineral is optically
Q-46 Crustal rocks below the Atlantic ocean are dated systematically across the mid-oceanic ridge. The maximum of age of the rocks is:
(a) > 200 Ma
(b) = 50 Ma
(c) < 200 Ma
(d) < 100 Ma
Q-47 A scientist measured the shear stress and shear rates in a magma flowing out of an active volcano, and prepared the following graph
The magma is :
Q-48 The temperature at the centre of the Earth is estimated to be:
Q-49 What is the rationale central to the following processes, e.g., rusting of iron, conversion of graphite to diamond within the earth, and NaCl dissolving in water?
(a) The presence of fluid.
(b) All reactions involve volume increase.
(c) Free energy becomes more negative.
(d) No change in volume.
Q-50 Permanent ice sheet over Antarctica developed in a early Cenozoic as a result of
(a) Intense glaciations over the earth
(b) Separation of Antarctica from other continents leading to its thermal isolation
(c) Complete stoppage of solar radiation
(d) Extensive volcanism on earth
Q-51 Which one of these depositional environment will be best for the preservation of fossils?
(a) Bottom of river.
(c) Shallow sea floor.
(d) Deep sea floor.
Q-52 After an earthquake, the epicenter is located by noting at various places
(a) The difference in the arrival times of S & P waves
(b) The intensity of the earthquake
(c) Number of buildings damaged
(d) Number of people dead
Q-53 The Earth's magnetic field has undergone reversals in the past. The present field is named after
Q-54 Continental shelves are characterized by gradients in the range of
(a) 1 : 1000 to 1 : 1500
(b) 1 : 30 to 1 : 40
(c) 1 : 20 to 1 : 30
(d) 1 : 60 to 1 : 200
Q-55 The epicenter of a deep focus earthquake is located
(a) On the earth's surface
(b) Below a depth of 70 km
(c) Between 70-300 km
(d) Below 300 km.
Q-56 Read the following statements and pick out the correct option.
Statement I : Is statically over-compensated mountainous regions are associated with a thicker crust.
Statement II : Is statically under compensated mountainous regions are associated with a thinner crust.
(a) Statements I and II are correct
(b) Statement I is true, but II is false
(c) Statement I is false, but II is true
(d) Statements I and II are false.
Q-57 A fall in bore-level or sea-level is not responsible for an increase in
(a) Channel leng
(b) Channel head
(c) Channel slope
(d) Channel sinuosity
Q-58 In the Earth, brittle rocks become more and more ductile with increasing depth. If so, frequently occurring earthquakes are likely to have their focus at:
(a) Deeper level
(b) Shallow level
(c) Core-mantle boundary
(d) Transition zone
Q-59 In extensional tectonic regimes of the Earth we commonly observe
(a) Normal fault
(c) Vertical fault
(d) Reverse faults
Q-60 The effective shear stress on a frictional plane will be a maximum when the plane is inclined to the compression direction at an angle of:
Q-61 If the earth's axis of rotation were not tilted, which one of the following statements would be TRUE?
(a) Equal day and night at all places throughout the year
(b) Duration of day and night will depend on latitude but will not change with time.
(c) The poles will have daylight for six months.
(d) There will be no seasons.
Q-62 For an element having a radioactive isotope of y half-life, its atomic weight in years will
(c) Remain constant
(d) decrease to of its initial value.
Q-63 On earth, both incoming and outgoing radiations show variations with latitude such that there is heat excess at the equator and deficit at high latitudes. However, neither the poles are getting colder not is the equator getting warmer with time because
(a) The earth able do is changing with time.
(b) Solar activity is changing with time.
(c) Atmospheric and oceanic circulations redistribute heat
(d) Of the build-up of atmospheric greenhouse gases.
Q-64 The mixing time of deep ocean water is about 1000 years. Therefore, elements such Na, Mg, P and Si having residence limits significantly longer than 1000 years should be homogeneously distributed in the ocean. Which one of the following sets of elements is non homogeneously distributed
Q-65 The partial pressure of in the atmosphere of Venus is about 88.7 bars. If were present on Venus it would most likely to be in the form of
(a) liquid water
(c) Mixture of water and ice
(d) Water vapour
Q-66 Meteorites are generally divided in to three major groups: stony, stony-iron and iron meteorites. The most likely source of iron meteorites is :
(a) The crust of the parent bodies.
(b) The core of the parent bodies
(c) Undifferentiated parent bodies
(d) The mantle of the parent bodies
Q-67 The half life of is 750,000 years. How much of will now be present 10g of formed at the of formation of the earth?
Q-68 The number of carbon atoms present in unit volumes of graphite and diamond respectively are
(a) Dependent on their origin
(b) More in graphite, less in diamond
(c) More in diamond, less in graphite
(d) Independent of the form
Q-69 Relative percentage of which of the following minerals increases with increase in maturity of sediments?
Q-70 The maximum flow velocity required to entrain a resting particle is for
(b) Unconsolidated clay
(d) Consolidated clay
Q-71 Dendritic drainage pattern develops over a region having a
(a) Highly jointed rock
(b) Conical mountain
(c) Uniform unbroken litho logy
(d) A regularly fractured litho logy
Q-72 Over the same rock type, the thickest soil profile will develop in one of the following environments:
Q-73 Which one of the following does not form a good aquifer?
(a) Jointed base
(b) Massive granite
Q-74 Which one of the following is an indicator of release of free oxygen into the atmosphere?
(a) Banded iron formation
(c) Red bed
Q-75 Which one of the following is used for dating and correlation in magneto stratigraphy?
(a) Field intensity
(b) Polarity reversal
(c) Normal polarity
(d) Secular variation
Q-76 Large depositional features formed by braided streams where a river emerges from a confined, steep valley into a basin or onto the flood plain of a large river are called
(a) Alluvial fans
(b) Colluvial fans
(c) Bed forms
(d) Flood plain deposits
Q-77 The changing altitude of a point on the land surface at any time is a function of:
(a) Altitude = function of (bedrock uplift + deposition + compaction + erosion)
(b) Altitude = function of (bed rock uplift + deposition – compaction – erosion)
(c) Altitude = function of (bed rock uplift + deposition – compaction – erosion)
(d) Altitude = function of (bed rock uplift – deposition + compaction + erosion)
Q-78 The zone above the water table that is generally unsaturated is known as:
(a) Vadose zone
(b) Phreatic zone
(c) Capillary zone
(d) Soil-water zone
Q-79 Which of the following youngling sequence of sedimentary rocks formed in a coastal environment indicates marine transgression.
(a) Conglomerate – sandstone – limestone – mudstone
(b) Conglomerate – limestone – sandstone – mudstone
(c) Mudstone – sandstone – limestone – conglomerate
(d) Limestone – mudstone – sandstone - conglomerate
Q-80 Which one of the following minerals formed in a lake indicates maximum a aridity?
Q-81 Which one of the following is not a good reservoir rock for petroleum?
(d) Reef bounds ton
Q-82 Which one of the following features is absent at the source region, if quartz grains along with fresh, angular to surrounded grains of feldspar are present in sandstone?
(a) Rapid erosion
(b) Tectonic activity
(c) Chemical weathering
(d) Physical weathering
Q-83 Which one of the following is the correct sequence of bed forms generated in sand (>0.6 mm in size) with increasing flow velocity?
(a) Movement lr plane bed > ripple > upper plane bed > Antidune
(b) No movement > ripples > dunes > upper plane bed > Antidotes
(c) No movement > lower plane beds> dunes > upper plane bed > Antidune
(d) No movement > dunes > ripples > up flat bed > Antidune
Q-84 Which one of the following types of grain contacts indicates the highest burial depth of sediments ?
(a) Point contact
(b) Sutured contact
(c) Long contact
(d) Concavo-convex contact
Q-85 Weathering of feldspar minerals may result in which one of the following sets of products ?
(a) Clays; Ca, Na, K ions; dissolved silica
(b) Iron oxides; Ca, Fe, Mg, Mnions; clays: dissolved silica
(c) Fe, Mg ions; Mn oxides; clays
(d) Na, K, Mg, Fe ions; clays; Fe – Mn oxides
Q-86 In the troposphere, core of maximum zonal wind speed is called
(a) Storm track
(b) Strong westerly
(c) Mean jet stream axis
(d) Westerly flow
Q-87 Violent updrafts in thunderstorm indicate that a tremendous amount of energy is being released. A measure of this amount of energy available to create such motion is
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Convective available potential energy
(d) Convective instability
Q-88 Fronts are defined by their temperature structure, although many other quantities change across the front. Advancing cold air at the surface defines the cold front, where the front moves towards the warm air mass. Refreshing cold air, where the front moves towards the cold air mass is called
(a) Colder front
(b) Warm front
(c) Warmer front
(d) Stationary front
Q-89 When water vapour condenses in the clouds, latent heat is released. This heat warms the air in the column, causing it to expand. According to the hypsometric equation, horizontal pressure gradients develop which push the air out of the column. Hence which of the following is correct?
(a) It will increase the sea level pressure in the column
(b) It will decrease the sea level pressure in the column
(c) Sea level pressure will remain same
(d) No change in pressure gradient
Q-90 The earth is heated by sun, and is cooled by long wave (IR) radiation to space. If A is global albino, S solar constant, R earth's radius, Stefan Boltzmann constant and T radiation emission temperature, then which one of the following is correct?
(a) Radiation in =
(b) Radiation in =
(c) Radiation in =
(d) Radiation in =
Q-91 Potential temperature is defined as the temperature of a parcel of dry air at pressure p and temperature T would have if it is expanded or compressed adiabatically to standard pressure ,usually, 1000 hPa. The expression for is:
Q-92 A convenient measure of the magnitude of the acceleration compared to the Carioles force may be obtained by forming the ratio of the characteristics scales for the acceleration and the Carioles force terms( ). This no dimensional number, called Ross by Number is defined as
Q-93 The variance (degree of freedom) at known pressure of an eutectic point of the simple binary system as shown in the figure is:
(a) 0 (Zero)
Q-94 Pressure solution Stylolites are observed to be inclined at an angle of relative to the bedding in the rock by a geologist. Which one of the following interpretations is correct?
(a) Styluses cannot be oriented at relative to bedding. The geologist made an error in his observations.
(b) The stylolites are definitely tectonic in region.
(c) The relative angle of stylolites with bedding has no consequence in deciding its origin.
(d) The stylolites are definitely digenetic in origin.
Q-95 Overprinting of ductile deformation microstructures by brittle microstructures are observed by a geologist in a thin-section of a deformed rock. Which one of the following interpretations of the observations is false?
(a) The deformation occurred in a brittle-ductile deformation regime.
(b) The deformation occurred in a ductile regime and on-going erosion subsequently changed the deformation regime to brittle.
(c) The deformation regime charged from brittle to ductile due to reduction of grain-size.
(d) The deformation microstructure represents a re-activated fault zone.
Q-96 The 2006 Sumatra Earthquake produced a tsunami in the southern Bay of Bengal. Potential tsunami genic region affecting the Arabian sea is
(a) The Kachchh region in Gujarat
(b) The Pala hat region in Kerala
(c) The Macron coastal region in South Pakistan
(d) The Bombay High Region.
Q-97 Active tectonic studies using Global Positioning System in the Indian Sub-continent indicate that Himalayan seismic hazard is
(a) The highest in regions that have not experienced great earthquakes in the recent past.
(b) The highest in regions that have experienced great earthquakes in the recent past.
(c) Lower compared to peninsular India.
(d) Same as that of peninsular India.
Q-98 Himalayan Mountains have formed primarily as a result of
(a) Compressive deformation between Indian and Asian tectonic plates.
(b) Relative uplift of sediments in the Tethys Ocean in an extensional setting
(c) Strike- slips deformation between Indian and Eurasian plates.
(d) Extrusion of volcanic material over a long period of time on the Tethys ocean floor.
Q-99 The Carlsberg Ridge in the Indian Ocean is a divergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian (IA) and African tectonic plates because
(a) The IA plate moves to the NE and the African plate moves SW at the ridge.
(b) Both the plates move northwards, but the IA plate moves faster.
(c) Both the plates move southwards, but the African plate moves faster.
(d) Both the plates move northwards, but the IA plate moves slower.
Q-100. In convergent plate tectonic setting, thickest continental lithosphere is associated with
(a) Ocean-Ocean convergent settings.
(b) Ocean- Continent convergent settings.
(c) Continent-Continent collision settings
(d) Ocean-Ocean divergent settings.

domain: geography


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domain: medical


Testing, inspection and certification company SGS has awarded the first Global Certification Forum (GCF) Certification for cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) technology.
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Battle royal by ralph ellison pdf
"Battle Royal" is the name of the first chapter of Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Ellison's novel won him fast and sustained acclaim as a major writer of the. Initially, the story seems to be about one black boy's struggle to get ahead in a predominantly white society. He tries' to accomplish this goal by adhering to. Battle Royal by Ralph researchchemforum.com — PDF document, 52 KB.
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domain: artistic


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If you may not have good body circulation about your own hair follicles, the nutritional elements are somehow limited from reaching the follicles which then prevent hair to cultivate properly. One fast solution to the matter is to use head massage. This can absolutely help a lot in body circulation. Use oils such as for instance henna, rose, peppermint and and so forth once you rub your scalp. Make sure you do this on a routine schedule, so that you can encourage your hair follicles obviously when there is a good body flow about them.
Still another way to ensure your own hair to cultivate quicker is to check following your diet. Prevent taking in junk food such as burgers as they are perhaps not balanced and do not contribute in natural hair growth. Actually, they are harmful to the health atlanta divorce attorneys different aspect. Go for leafy vegetables and nuts instead. These ingredients offer important nutritional elements required by our hair. By after the recommendations given, rising straight back your hair and maintaining them healthy is no more a hardcore task.

domain: health


- BrandMuscle, Inc.
- Aquisition of Saepio Technologies, Inc.
- Seatrade International Co., Inc.
- Stock sale to American Holdco, Inc.
- Advanced Engineered Products, Inc.
- Asset sale to Curtiss Wright Flow Control Services Corporation
Investors Suing Facebook
WRKO May 24, 2012
David Barbash was a guest on WRKO’s “Financial Exchange” discussing the Facebook IPO investigation. Please click below to access the clip.


- Lordstown Motors was launched in 2018 by Steve Burns, the former CEO of the Workhorse Group.
- Its key inventions include the Endurance EV Truck and the In-Wheel Drive System.
- The company has been embroiled in controversy including short-selling, in which case it was believed to have misled the public regarding its ability to manufacture trucks.
The History of Lordstown Motors: What to Know
Lordstown Motors is a Lordstown, OH-based EV truck company featuring an executive team made of former professionals from Tesla, Hyundai, and Toyota, among others. The electric truck occupies a plant formerly owned by General Motors (GM). This company is new, having started in 2018.
In 2021, Foxconn Technology Group purchased the company. This purchase delayed production of the Endurance, set to be the company’s first electric vehicle. In addition to the truck, the company’s plans have also included an SUV, bus, and sedan, with all having a 2022 or 2023 release date.
- Year Founded
- Steve Burns, Julio Rodriguez
- Lordstown, OH
- Key People
- Steve Burns, Julio Rodriguez, Daniel Ninivaggi
- Notable Products
- Lordstown Endurance, unnamed electric bus, unnamed electric sedan
The Founding of Lordstown Motors: How it Happened
Lordstown Motors was formed in 2018 by former Workhorse Group CEO Steve Burns. Burns decided to sign a sales agreement with GM in 2019 that gave the startup access to a former production facility to create its new electric vehicles. Part of the deal included GM loaning $40 million for underwriting.
Lordstown Motors paid $12 million in licensing rights to the Workhorse W-15 truck in March 2020. Workhorse Group received a 10% equity stake as part of its deal allowing Lordstown to use its designs. Barring supply issues, the company had projected to produce electric vehicles by 2022.
In October 2020, Lordstown Motors merged with DiamondPeak Holdings, allowing it to trade stock. The company opened a vehicle service center in Irvine, CA in 2021 for better support options for Southern California customers.
The company experienced some difficulties in 2021 that delayed the production of Endurance and other models. These difficulties included short-selling accusations, news of a prototype catching fire, and the threat of possible bankruptcy. Foxconn Technology Group purchased the plant in October 2021, and also invested $50 million by purchasing common stock.
Lordstown Motors Through The Years
Steve Burns, the Workhorse Group’s former CEO, founded Lordstown Motors with the goal of producing EV truck models. In May 2019, Burns signed a sales agreement with GM that would allow the new company to become the owner of GM’s manufacturing plant in Lordstown, OH. Lordstown Motors received the intellectual property rights to Workhorse Group’s electric truck in March 2020.
In January 2021, the company opened a new service center in California to account for anticipated growth. During March that year, accusations of short-selling stock and misleading investors lead to the threat of bankruptcy by June. As of late 2021, the company was owned by Foxconn Technology Group, which resulted in a new projected release date for each of the vehicles.
What Are the Most Important Inventions From Lordstown Motors?
Endurance EV Truck
This electric truck features fewer moving parts than similar vehicles, which helps reduce the maintenance costs, as well as the cost of ownership. With each wheel having a dedicated hub motor, the truck has taken 4-wheel drive to a new level that works in all kinds of terrain. One of the effects of the truck’s design is better productivity.
In-Wheel Drive System
Lordstown Motors has created an in-wheel drive system for all its vehicles, using a dedicated motor in each wheel with integrated software. One of the advantages of this system is a lower cost of ownership compared to vehicles with combustion engines. Putting individual motors in each wheel creates greater energy efficiency.
How Does Lordstown Motors Make Money?
Lordstown Motors makes money by selling electric vehicles. The Endurance truck is its signature product, and the company also has a tentative release date for an SUV and a car.
Lordstown Motors Notable Controversies
March 2021: Short-Selling Controversy
Hindenburg Research, an investment research firm, published a report related to the company’s short-selling. This firm uncovered evidence that the company had misled its customers about its ability to produce the trucks. Potential supply issues, coupled with the prospect of insider stock sales, decreased consumer confidence in the company.
June 2021: Bankruptcy Controversy
The annual Securities and Exchange Commission report that the company filed was amended to reflect the lack of funds for production and order fulfillment. In addition to this announcement, the company revealed that it was facing bankruptcy. Steve Burns resigned as CEO and was replaced with Daniel Ninivaggi. Julio Rodriguez, the Chief Financial Officer, resigned at the same time as Burns.
Interested in finding out about more electric vehicle brands? Click on the links provided below:
- Tesla Cybertruck: Full Specs, Price, Range, Size, Dimensions, and More: Its unique design makes it look as though it belongs on the set of a sci-fi movie. But what else is there to it? Find out about this vehicle which is the embodiment of cutting-edge technology here.
- 2022 Tesla Model 3: Full Specs, Price, Range, and More: It’s compact, something of a sports car, and cost-effective. Find out about this latest incarnation of the Tesla which is also the best-selling EV as well.
- Sono Sion vs Tesla Model X: How They Compare and What You Need to Know: Which model is more powerful, comes with greater top speed, is less pricier? Click on the link to find out.
The image featured at the top of this post is ©T. Schneider/Shutterstock.com.


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Snow Piercer Vol.2 The Explorers
When we last left the Snow Piercer things didn't look like the up and up for Proloff. He's girl was dead and he was left in charge of the Snow Piercer. With Snow Piercer 2 we have a remake of what happened.
This new take or continuation of the story follows events a bit differently, but it's still set in the same cheery forever winter post-apocalyptic tomorrow. It still has a brash young man falling for a woman out of his class as he makes his way up this future train called the Snowpeircer 2 sometimes called the Icebreaker.
New elements of this title include the use of virtual reality to pass time on the endless voyage of the train; a hilariously messed up religion believing that the Ice Breaker is really a spaceship floating endlessly in space and a more diverse government on board the train with different parts to manage it. If you guessed a religion worshiping the train itself, you'd be right. They love the "LOCO" in this book. A new aspect is the explorers, a group who wears protective suites allowing them to venture off the train and explore
Why do they explore? Not to learn anything or get help, but find mementos for those higher up the train; those in the front are better off.
Puig is an explorer who goes too far without abiding by the rules of the
upper crust and just like Proloff is taken to the head of the train. Just as last time, like in the first volume, we have a breakdown of the classes and how the train operates both in sci-fi ideas and differences between those in front and in the back
With his new connection in the form of Kennel's daughter, Val, he soon becomes a leader of the train. There's some showboating of his skills with a flying aircraft and the help of his new girlfriend that gets him to the front of the train though.
The story isn't going to end on such a happy note, soon Puig must quell a fight with the rest of his government made of overbearing idiots and false prophets.
Fears of crashing into the original Snow Peircer are always on the mind of those on the train as they left right behind it all those years ago, but the connection to the train both in the rewrite of the story and what's really going on are both extremely dark.
The art remains a black and white tale capturing scenes unfolding like a movie. Many times cramped by being in a cumbersome train or deafening by the sheer nothing left in the world and those walking through it.
Another dark chapter to read in a story of all that's left of humanity and how petty that humanity can be, better than a SyFy channel movie.
The book was provided by the publisher for review purposes.

domain: library


After losing a squeaker of an election in 2014, Kay Hagan has reportedly decided to sit on the sidelines in 2016. Roll Call reports:
Former North Carolina Sen. Kay Hagan will not be mounting a challenge to her former GOP colleague, Sen. Richard M. Burr.
Hagan, who was defeated by Thom Tillis in 2014, has been making calls to inform donors she will not be running for the seat that comes up in 2016, two sources familiar with the calls told Roll Call.
The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) released the following statement:
“Another embarrassing recruitment failure for Senate Democrats with Kay Hagan’s decision not to run for Senate in 2016. In the Senate, Hagan was part of the problem - missing key national security hearings for fundraisers, padding her families pockets with stimulus cash, North Carolina voters sent her a clear message last November and thankfully she finally heard it.” - NRSC Spokesman Matt Connelly
National Journal, meanwhile, reports that Democrats’ “recruitment failure” is real – and no laughing matter:
Kay Hagan wasn't necessarily the best possible candidate Democrats could have run for Senate in North Carolina next year. But the former senator was the most plausible one. And now that she will not run—a decision she revealed this week in phone calls to supporters and former staffers—Democratic leaders turn to the awkward proposition of trying to recruit a handful of alternatives who had already indicated they weren't interested.
Fail to change their minds (and there's real fear among some Democratic officials that they won't be successful) and the party might not be able to field a credible nominee in a major swing-state Senate race in 2016.
That, of course, would be catastrophic. If Hagan ran, however, Democrats would stand a very solid chance of unseating Sen. Burr for three reasons. First, Republicans maintain majority-control of the US Senate, and therefore Team Hagan could tie North Carolinians’ dissatisfaction with Washington to her opponent. It’s always good politics to blame the party in power. Second, it’s a presidential election year, and while North Carolina did not have a Senate race in 2012, Democrats nevertheless won more popular House votes that year than Republicans. This suggests that Democratic turnout is much higher during non-midterm election years. Third, Hagan’s already served in the federal Congress before, so she has instant — and indeed widespread – state name recognition, even if voters felt compelled to boot her out of office in 2014.
All that being said, now that Hagan’s quietly telling donors she’s uninterested in running, Democrats face the daunting task of finding and backing a winning candidate. And of course, that may prove exceedingly difficult if, as National Journal notes, many simply aren’t willing to challenge an incumbent.
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For the second year running, Hobart is the least affordable city to rent in Australia, and Adelaide has overtaken Sydney as the second-least affordable capital, a new report has found.
The Rental Affordability Index is an indicator of the price of rents relative to household incomes based on new rental agreements.
It is released annually by National Shelter, Community Sector Banking, SGS Economics & Planning and the Brotherhood of St Laurence.
A score of 100 and below on the index shows that households on average incomes would be required to spend at least 30 per cent of their income on rent.
Greater Hobart is the only capital city where rental affordability has dropped below this critical threshold, falling to a rental affordability index score of 93 in June 2019 and putting the city’s rents in the “unaffordable” category.
According to the report, the median rental household in Greater Hobart has a gross income of $64,500 per annum, with high rents, relative to household incomes, making it the least affordable metropolitan area in Australia.
The main drivers behind Hobart’s continued nosedive are seen as low incomes and an inadequate supply of rental housing, with SGS Economics and Planning partner Ellen Witte calling for urgent government intervention.
“Hobart is in the midst of a rental crisis, the worst in the country,” Witte said.
“There is a lack of new supply, while stock is being lost to the short-term holiday accommodation market.
“The Tasmanian Residential Tenancy Act needs to be reviewed like Victoria has done.”
In March, Tasmania’s Minister of Housing Roger Jaensch released a progress report on the state’s Housing Summit Action Plan, outlining a range of measures being taken to address supply issues in Hobart and around the state.
Measures already in place include the Housing Land Supply Act 2018, a new process which will see more houses delivered faster through a new fast-track zoning process of surplus government land, aimed at increasing the supply of social and affordable housing.
The first of these sites have been approved in Rokeby, Devonport, and West Moonah.
Adelaide’s ranking as the nation’s second-least affordable capital city—overtaking last year’s runner-up, Greater Sydney—has been attributed to slow income growth compared to other capital cities and rising rents.
And while affordability in some Australian cities, including Sydney, has improved marginally, the situation remains untenable for tenants on Newstart regardless of postcode: in every capital city, they are spending at least 77 per cent of their income on rent.
Community Sector Banking head of relations James Barron said that rental stress is affecting the majority of very low-income Australian households.
“People on Newstart are being hit particularly hard, being pushed to the outer fringes of our cities and away from opportunities for training and employment.
“Even in cities with higher than average incomes and better than average rental affordability, the plight of low-income renters continues to deteriorate.”


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During an interview with investigators regarding the murder of LaVoy Finicum, an Oregon State Police (OSP) officer revealed that the ambush of the Bundy convoy was moved from its original planned location because it was feared the Grant County Sheriff wouldn’t sign off on the deadly assault that was being plotted against the protesters.
I knew going into it that there was a sheriff in Grant County that was supporting the movement or the ideology behind what [the occupiers] were pushing.
The members of the Bundy convoy were on their way to meet with Grant County Sheriff Glenn Palmer when the ambush occurred. The OSP officer further revealed that the FBI was concerned that residents of Grant County were not “friendly” to “enforcement actions” against the protesters at the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.
I knew that there was a large amount of community members in Grant County that supported their beliefs … for a very simple way to put it, they were not friendly to law enforcement conducting any enforcement actions, and mainly the Federal Bureau of Investigation and federal agencies.
It is clear that the feds and their stooges understand the power of the county sheriff, and they are now taking tactical steps to avoid any obstacles a constitutional sheriff might put in their way. As the war on the West continues to escalate, the conflict between the federal occupation forces and county sheriffs who recognize their illegitimacy is only going to intensify.
Join the discussion

domain: sociology


CORONA REMAINS IN ICU DUE TO HEART CONDITION
The Senate impeachment court, despite an earlier threat from its presiding officer Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile to strike out the testimony of Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona if he failed to return to the witness stand, appeared to have relented yesterday and admitted the full narrative of Corona into the court’s records as his testimony on allegations hurled at him, including those not covered by the Articles of Impeachment such as the alleged $10 million to $12 million bank deposits in purported 82 accounts.
A coronary condition scuttled Corona’s scheduled appearance before the impeachment court yesterday where he was originally set to continue his turn on the witness stand.
Supreme Court spokesman Midas Marquez said Corona was taken to The Medical City (TMC) in Pasig City last Tuesday the other night and was brought to the hospital’s intensive care unit (ICU) yesterday..... MORE
Source: The Daily Tribune


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The publisher behind Friday the 13th The Game are releasing an update to give players all in-game content (except DLC) for free.
As previously reported, Gun Interactive’s license for Friday the 13th will expire at the end of the year and the game will be removed from sale.
As such, the price of the game was sent to the floor alongside DLC content at only $4.99 for the base game and $0.99 for each DLC pack.
In order to facilitate their one last hurrah, all unlockable in-game content will now be made available for all players including:
- 30 Legendary Perks
- Player Level 150
- All kill animations unlocked
- All “Challenge Skulls” earned
Although Friday the 13th: The Game is fading into memory, Gun Interactive has taken what they learned from this title and are working on a Texas Chainsaw Massacre game that’s been met with positive remarks on social media.
Friday the 13th: The Game is available on Windows PC (via Steam), Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S.

domain: entertainment


WASHINGTON – President Joe Biden called a number of House members on Thursday to rally support for his legislative agenda. Four sources close to the matter said that Democratic leaders prepared for Friday’s votes on a social security net bill as well as an infrastructure package, which would end months of internal party negotiations.
A source close to the Democratic leadership said that the House will vote on the two pieces Friday and that they are confident that they will complete them in one day. This would give Biden a significant legislative win at a time when poll numbers are dropping ..
Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) is trying to pass the $1. 75 trillion Build Back Better legislation and separately send the $550 billion Senate-passed infrastructure measure to Biden’s desk this week. Because of her narrow margins, she can’t afford to lose more Democrats than three to pass the larger bill.
Democratic leaders seemed to be making progress on gaining consensus in the caucus on Thursday. After suggesting earlier in the day that the social policy bill would fail, moderate Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Texas, tweeted that he would vote for it.
The last remaining issues in the social security net bill, immigration, cost and deductions for state and local taxes (SALT), appeared to be resolved by Thursday evening. Two sources confirmed to NBC News that tax deductions were resolved and that both the New York State and New Jersey SALT Caucus had approved them. The new provision would increase the annual $10,000 cap on deductions to $80,000.
Rep. Adriano Espaillat (D-N.Y.) said that members of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus were “encouraged” by Pelosi’s meeting on immigration. She also stated that she would consider “ideas” and “legislation” once Biden’s economic agenda has been passed.
Pelosi addressed concerns regarding the cost of the social security net bill in a Thursday evening letter to Democratic colleagues. She presented a new White House estimate which stated that the bill had been “fully paid for.” This was in response to an estimate of the nonpartisan Joint Committee on Taxation estimating that the Build Back Better bill would generate $1. 47 trillion from new taxes.
The House Rules Committee on Thursday evening was expected to meet to discuss the final steps before the safety net legislation can head to the floor for a vote by all House lawmakers. The infrastructure bill has been cleared for vote.
Sahil Kapur is a national political reporter for NBC News.
Haley Talbot is an associate producer in the NBC News Washington bureau.
Monica Alba is a White House correspondent for NBC News.
Leigh Ann Caldwell is an NBC News correspondent.


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Noora Sætre &a William Magnusson kill me pt. 1
That is 100% a suicide letter and it never fails to make my heart drop.
Skam Noora + William
skam, tv show, and william magnusson Bild
People Need People — adampairrsh: Are you never letting anyone in...
DU ER IKKE ALENE
alt er love ❤ red white lockscreen wallpaper background
noora x william


text:
The tales of teenage awkwardness and prom-night disappointments, colored with pop-culture references, are undeniably funny to listen to, but the work is still rough around the edges. McGowan's performance suffers under the influence of jitters and adrenaline, but with a deep breath and more practice he could well shine.
McGowan's biggest accomplishment is his script, which is the perfect length and uses self-deprecating humor and his knowledge of the sci-fi genre to good advantage. One story he tells is of wanting to travel back in time to prove wrong a college professor who told him not to pursue his dream of writing. There's no need for a time machine, Chris. Just email the guy a copy of your play.
Presented by Carla Snowden as part of the Hollywood Fringe Festival at Theatre of Note, 1517 N. Cahuenga Blvd., L.A. June 9–23. Remaining performances: Sat., June 16, 8 p.m.; Sat., June 23, 6:30 p.m. (323) 455-4585 or www.hollywoodfringe.org.


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The Royal Horticultural Society Gardens occupied a very large site in South Kensington, as can be seen in this estate plan of 1867. The plan was made to highlight the location of the Central Hall of Arts and Science (later Royal Albert Hall); however, it is useful for its illustration of the layout of the gardens.
The gardens were maintained by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) from 1861 until c.1886. They contained a large conservatory designed by Francis Fowke; arcades of brick, tile and terracotta by Sydney Smirke; and various statuary, spiral shrubs, stone-edged canals, and coloured gravel.
Disputes between the designers
The canals and waterworks are believed to have been more Fowke's idea, rather than that of the landscape designer, W.A. Nesfield. Nesfield would have preferred more flowerbeds, however, Fowke's preference (which may have been due to his engineering background) won out.
Throughout the planning of the Italian-inspired gardens there were disagreements between the designers, Fowke, Smirke and Nesfield. Smirke's polychromatic walls and arcades were criticised by Fowke and Prince Albert for their stripy, streaky bacon effect.
The opening of the gardens
The garden was inaugurated, but not finished, on 5 June 1861. The Prince Consort then described it as:
'…a valuable attempt at least to reunite the science and art of gardening to the sister arts of architecture, sculpture and painting…..' and that it had a future as '…the inner court of a vast quadrangle of public buildings…..where science and art may find space for development, with that air and light which are elsewhere well nigh banished from this overgrown metropolis.' (1)
(1) Quoted in Survey of London, vol. xxxviii, p. 129


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There is simply no better way to learn Java than to have the pineal gland of an expert Java programmer surgically implanted in your brain. Sadly, most HMOs refuse to pay for this career saving procedure, deeming Java to be too experimental. At last there is an alternative treatment for those of us who cannot wait for sweeping health care reforms. Mr. Bunny's Big Cup O' Java is recommended by n out of ten doctors, where n is any integer you wish to make up to impress an astoundingly gullible public. The book begins with an overview of the book, and quickly expands into the book itself. Just look at the topics covered: *Mr. Bunny's rucksack *Farmer Jake's overalls *Java In short, MBBCOJ will teach you all you need to know for a successful career in today's rabbit development environments. "I sincerely hope this book increases the donor pool." --CE3 The Mr. Bunny series is supported, endorsed, and authored by Carlton Egremont III, Esquire, recluse, and all-around weirdo. It is the official place to go when you simply must go someplace official. The books in this series provide no information whatsoever. The series is an indispensable resource for Janet from Reno...from the hip The Mr. Bunny series 0201615630B04062001
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
Carlton Egremont III was a spoiled trust fund child who has grown up to revolutionize the way we think of. . . him. He is the author of numerous unpublished shopping lists, and is the founder and sole member of the Society for the Advancement of Baby Babble (GWEEP), an organization that seeks to popularize the author's first language.
No book is written in a vacuum. Except, of course, this one. But once I grew used to the cumbersome breathing apparatus, it was quite easy to produce yet another perfect manuscript.
A perfect manuscript, you say? Then how come the book is so flawed? Simply put: I had help. (No I'm not talking about the squirrels.) Once I had completed the text, a number of people got involved and screwed it up. There's plenty of blame to go around, so let's get to it.
My illustrator, Steve Francis, ignored all my detailed specifications of the technical diagrams, producing instead drawings of a rabbit, a farmer, a troll, and even a giant squid. Some major rewrites were required to accommodate his bizarre vision. (He did do a fine rendering of the white space on page 36, however.)
In my last book, Sarah Weaver and her staff gleefully spotted every typo and grammatical error. (So what if I mislabelled that book's Figure 184.108.40.206.220.127.116.11.18.104.22.168? Or was it Figure 22.214.171.124.126.96.36.199.188.8.131.52.1?) All I can say, Sarah, is your time is wasted on this book. As mentioned, I have already achieved perfecshun.
Editorial assistant Julie DeBaggis has deprived me of much needed publicity by working with the legal department to assure I don't get sued by McNealy, Gates, Reno or Brando. Thanks a lot. I'm still hoping Hormel will press charges.
This terrible head cold I owe to executive editor Mike Hendrickson, who would meet me only behind the trash bin at Denny's, New England rainstorms notwithstanding. (Perhaps that's why Farmer Jake sneezes so much in this book.)
And speaking of rain, Patrick Chan ruined my vacation with his book "The Java(TM) Developer's Almanac." Patrick, what made you think you could predict the weather a year in advance?
Tim Lindholm, the designer of Java's threads, synchronization, garbage collection, and memory management, provided valuable feedback on the finer points of the giant squid. Naturally, as the author, I hope to weasel out of responsibility for any misplaced tentacles.
Another distinguished engineer, Guy Steele, provided the solution to the self-listing program problem of Chapter 3, and unscrambled "bloobie doobie snoobie floopie floo ker-WEEEE", thereby moving ahead of me on the waiting list to get a life.
Finally, my technical editor Gary Swanberg still insists that I don't exist. I will file a lawsuit for emotional distress as soon as I find a lawyer who will return my phone calls.
"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.
Book Description Addison-Wesley Professional, 1999. Paperback. Book Condition: New. book. Bookseller Inventory # 0201615630
Book Description Addison-Wesley, 1999. Paperback. Book Condition: Brand New. 1st edition. 128 pages. 9.25x7.00x0.25 inches. In Stock. Bookseller Inventory # zk0201615630
Book Description Addison-Wesley Professional, 1999. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 1. Bookseller Inventory # DADAX0201615630

domain: literature


Language turned vulgar and threats flew in September 2011, as former Los Angeles County Sheriff Lee Baca confronted the region’s top federal law enforcement officials about their investigation of brutality inside county jails, U.S. District Judge Andre Birotte testified Thursday.
Back then, Birotte was the U.S. Attorney in Los Angeles. He supported the F.B.I.’s efforts to recruit a jail inmate as a secret informant, and to bribe a deputy to smuggle a cellular phone into the jails so that inmate could document deputies abusing prisoners.
At the time, allegations of beatings – documented in letters from inmates and declarations gathered by the American Civil Liberties Union – were growing.
But Baca was outraged the FBI was secretly investigating the jails, which were run by his department.
“I’m the G** d*** sheriff and these are my G** d*** jails,” Birotte quoted Baca as saying during one particularly heated meeting. The meeting was called after Baca sent two detectives to the home of the FBI’s lead investigator, Leah Tanner.
Baca was accusing federal agents of committing a crime and undermining jail security by smuggling the cellphone into Men’s Central Jail in downtown L.A.
Birotte said Baca admitted he had sent the detectives – though there was no mention that he ordered them to threaten Tanner with arrest, which they did. When that happened, the FBI ordered Tanner to go to the agency’s headquarters building in Westwood.
Birotte testified he reached Baca on his cellphone and Baca assured him nobody would be arrested.
But Baca wasn’t finished.
The next day, he delivered a scathing letter to Birotte as he began a meeting with him and the FBI’s Steven Martinez, who was in charge of the agency’s L.A. office at the time.
The letter called the FBI unqualified to conduct an investigation into brutality at the jails and said the inquiry was a “fishing expedition.”
It wasn’t long before Baca and Martinez began arguing, according to Birotte. Martinez said his agents broke no law – that in the course of an undercover investigation, they may engage in otherwise illegal acts such as smuggling a phone into the jails.
Baca issued the ultimate threat, even if it was a metaphorical one. “You want to gun up in here,” Birotte quoted Baca asking Martinez.
The sheriff demanded to know the locations of any other cell phones smuggled into the jails by federal agents (there were none) and insisted the FBI cede the investigation of the sheriff’s department to the sheriff’s department.
Baca also threatened to end his agency’s participation on joint crime fighting efforts with the FBI and U.S. Attorney if they didn’t hand over the investigation.
“He was saying basically ‘back off, we are going to do it ourselves,'” Birotte testified.
“It got heated,” he said. “Mr. Baca was upset – more than I had ever seen him.”
Prosecutors said this is evidence Baca tried to obstruct justice. He stands accused of conspiracy and obstruction of justice. Nine others, including his former undersheriff Paul Tanaka, have been convicted as part of the FBI’s investigation.
Baca’s defense attorney Nathan Hochman suggested Baca was justly concerned about an ill-conceived FBI investigation. He asked Birotte if Baca was “very open, direct and transparent at the meeting.” Birotte said yes, and that the meeting ended with everybody shaking hands.
Hochman sought to ask Birotte if Baca “was sincere” in his concerns. But the prosecution objected to the question and U.S. District Judge Percy Anderson sustained the objection.
With that, the prosecution concluded its case.
The defense called as its first witness former Assistant Sheriff Cecil Rhambo, who began to testify about chain of command at the department in 2011.
After jurors left the courtroom, Hochman gave a preview of defense witnesses. The list included five character witnesses.
Former District Attorneys Ira Reiner and Steve Cooley are expected to talk about Baca’s career as a law enforcement leader – to counter federal prosecutors’ portrayal of the ex-sheriff as a man who tried to block an FBI investigation into county jails.
Other character witnesses for Baca include longtime Watts activist Sweet Alice Harris, the man who led Baca’s signature education-based incarceration program in the jails, and a one-time inmate who is now a drug counselor.
The biggest outstanding question remains whether Baca will take the stand in his own defense. Hochman said he would provide an answer Friday morning. But he also issued the caveat that Baca has a right to testify at his own trial even if he decides to do so just before the defense rests – which it’s expected to do Monday.


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In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) each organ system is connected to a season. The Liver corresponds to the spring season, making this a great time of year to focus on liver health.
Why we need a healthy liver
Every organ is effected by liver health. Compromised liver health affects immunity, digestion, kidney, brain, and cardiovascular function.
Keep your liver healthy so it can do its job of removing toxins, processing food and storing nutrients, maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, and metabolizing hormones.
Get ahead! It's important to catch liver disease before it's a problem. Lab work can be important, but tends to only show significant damage.
Liver and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
The Liver in TCM is responsible for the easy movement of blood, fluids, and nourishment throughout the body. As Liver is connected to the spring season, this can be a time of year where you see increased symptoms of liver imbalances. Here are a couple common patterns:
Liver Qi (chee) stagnation:
Emotional stress can cause the Liver to become stagnant and disrupt the easy movement of energy in our body. When the liver is stressed all the organ systems become sluggish.
Common symptoms: Stress, poor sleep (especially waking 1-3 am) resentment, irritability, frequent sighing, shoulder and neck tension, headaches, migraines, teeth grinding, lump in the throat, PMS or irregular cycles
Liver blood deficiency: The liver is in charge of storing and circulating blood, especially to the eyes, mind, tendons and ligaments.
Common symptoms: Dryness (skin, hair, eyes), muscle tightness or cramps, numbness, eye floaters, hair loss, dizziness, light periods.
How to help your liver
The liver can actually repair itself! Liver damage can be reversed and is the only organ that can regenerate itself. Encourage healthy liver function with a few good habits.
Get enough physical activity, limit processed food, meat, intoxicants, and follow these simple tips:
Sleep- Liver damage can be correlated to sleep disturbances. Among the liver's functions is breaking down hormones such as cortisol and melatonin. Dysregulation in these hormones bogs the liver and affects our sleep wake cycle.
Dark leafy greens (spinach, kale, beet greens)- Add these to your diet everyday to support removing toxins from the body. These are dense with nutrients like vitamin K, magnesium, antioxidants, and chlorophyll, protecting the liver from damage, fat build up, and inflammation.
Exercise- Try for a half an hour every day to improve blood flow to the liver. This will help reduce inflammation, fat, and scarring in the liver.
No thank you
Sugar and refined flour-
Sugar turns to fat which can be stored in the liver. Eventually healthy cells get replaced by fat cells, causing inflammation and scarring which can result in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Stress- Stress and anxiety increase the release of hormones and chemicals which overload the liver, decrease circulation to the liver which can kill liver cells, and cause progression of liver disease.
Red and processed meat- Everything in moderation. Too much red or processed meat increases the likelihood of fatty liver disease and creates precursors to type 2 diabetes. Try to limit red meat and substitute with fish or white meats.
Acupuncture is best when used preventatively and can strengthen your body to reduce the severity of ailments of the upcoming spring season. Acupuncture and traditional herbal medicine provide a non-pharmaceutical holistic treatment approach for balancing your liver and keeping you feeling your best.

domain: biology


text:
Dirtysocksgirl - Blue and grey
"You unlock this door with the key of imagination. Beyond it is another dimension: a dimension of sound, a dimension of sight, a dimension of mind. You're moving into a land of both shadow and substance, of things and ideas. You've just crossed over into... the Twilight Zone."
This is how the episodes of the Twilight Zone began. This is also the state of mind you need to put yourself in to appreciate Dirtysockgirl figures to their true worth!
Made by artist Yulia Nefedova, these tender and ironic figures represent bimbos that have the peculiarity of wearing dirty socks!
A real work of Craftsmen for these figurines limited to 25 numbered copies and delivered with their certificates of authenticity.
Hauteur : 14 cm
Poids : 0.1 kg
Artiste : Yulia Nefedova
Fabricant : Yulia Nefedova


The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide crisis of epic proportions. It has created enormous challenges, some of which are apparent, such as health and economic impacts that are without equal in our lifetimes. More challenges undoubtedly await us, some of which we may not even imagine. On the other hand, the crisis may present opportunities for us to learn and to improve in our personal and professional lives.
"The Chinese use two brush strokes to write the word 'crisis.' One brush stroke stands for danger; the other for opportunity. In a crisis, be aware of the danger - but recognize the opportunity." - John F. Kennedy
President Kennedy may have exercised some poetic license in that quote, but it serves as a useful rhetorical device here. In short, out of a crisis can come opportunities.
The COVID-19 coronavirus doesn't discriminate between men and women, but the same can't be said of the pandemic's impact on the U.S. workforce.
Traditional support for women at work has been drastically reduced, if not eliminated, during the crisis. Women have had to reorient to working from home while balancing family responsibilities, including childcare and home schooling. Admittedly, both male and female parents have had to face these challenges, but women have shouldered a disproportionate share of the burden.
As state and local economies reopen, employers across the country are cautiously welcoming employees back to their jobs, fearing a resurgence of the COVID-19 outbreak. For returning workers, the workplace will be different from before, including the extent to which their privacy will be protected, especially medical and health information.
To assist employers and employees in navigating these uncertain waters, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has issued guidance clarifying their respective rights and obligations. We have streamlined two EEOC publications - What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws and Pandemic Preparedness in the Workplace and the Americans with Disabilities Act - into a set of useful FAQs.
In recent weeks, the White House released guidelines for reopening the nation's economy, largely punting to state and local officials to assess whether they are sufficiently prepared to stay ahead of the COVID-19 spread and when to reopen non-essential businesses. In anticipation of bringing employees back to the workplace, the administration has also instructed employers to "develop and implement appropriate policies" to keep workers and patrons safe from contagion. That may be easier said than done.
A majority of states have unveiled return-to-work plans, with some jurisdictions adopting a more incremental approach and others seeming to reopen with free abandon. As states begin to allow certain businesses to reopen, several questions have emerged about the monitoring of coronavirus-related illness and other issues, and the extent to which the equal employment opportunity laws, particularly the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), are implicated.
The only way for employees to protect their privacy in the "new normal" workplace is to understand the regulatory requirements imposed on their employers, and the information employers may - and may not - request.
With the rapid advance of technologies that enable constant connectivity, the once-sharp line between home and work began to blur over the last decade. Laws that govern employees' privacy rights were already lagging behind this reality when the COVID-19 coronavirus hit, and workplaces worldwide were suddenly converted into remote workplaces overnight.
While it could appear that working from home provides more privacy for employees (as seen by memes showing employees working in bed, day drinking, and otherwise slacking off), employers can invade privacy in the remote workplace more easily and less obviously, presenting risks for both employees and employers.
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced much of the American workforce online, where employers are making use of a variety of platforms to facilitate remote work. Some of these platforms involve video recording or access by fingerprint, face scan, or retina or iris scan, which may result in the capture and storage of sensitive biometric information. As workplaces reopen, there may will likely be an uptick in the collection of biometric data as employers turn symptom screening technologies that collect biometric data, such as contactless thermometers that identify particular employees through facial recognition technology, and look tofacial recognition and retina or iris scanning technologies to facilitate contactless security access.
If you work in Illinois, your employer must comply with the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) when collecting and storing sensitive biometric information. Should your employer fail to do so, you may have a legal claim for invasion of privacy.
Even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, California businesses braced for the significant impact that the new California Consumer Protection Act (CCPA) would have on their operations. This far-reaching and the first consumer protection law of its kind in the country provides consumers rights associated with how businesses collect and use their data. The law, which took effect on January 1, 2020, was pushed by consumer privacy advocates after a series of data security breaches, like the 2014 hack of Sony associated with the release of its film "The Interview," which exposed its employees' emails and personally identifiable information.
As the COVID-19 coronavirus crisis continues, many companies have arranged for significant portions of their workforce to perform their jobs remotely. The physical delineation between work and home has been blurred, and videoconferencing tools to virtually connect with coworkers and clients are a fact of work and home life. Unfortunately, giving managers and colleagues glimpses into your private world, images, messages, and even people in the background can lead to discrimination, harassment, and adverse treatment.
Much has been asked of the doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Our Executives & Professionals Practice Group is proud to represent several of them, and we owe all the frontline heroes and first responders our deepest gratitude - especially when hospitals that are short on staff and protective gear assign them new job duties to address patient needs. The irony is that when healthcare workers are deployed and redeployed where they are needed most, employers may limit those workers' rights and the ability to safeguard their health and their family members' well-being .


Individual actions—bicycling instead of driving, turning off lights, recycling—are often the first steps taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. What we do collectively, though, can have a greater impact. Policies that change where we build are some of the best ways to lessen our shared footprint.
Too often, conversations about complex land-use solutions have not been in plain, accessible language. Updating a General Plan, a city’s blueprint for future development, is one of the best ways to address climate change, yet it’s a daunting task to take on if you don’t have a degree in urban planning.
Now, Greenbelt Alliance’s newest publication, Green Your City’s Blueprint: A Toolkit for Climate-Friendly General Plans, provides local advocates with clear instructions to change a general plan to be more climate-friendly and the tools to succeed.
The toolkit explains the basic structure of a general plan, and then describes specific language you can ask city staff to insert in each element. It provides step- by-step instructions for working with city staff and leaders. For those who want to know more about state rules, it also gives an overview of California legislation that impacts how city’s plan for the future.
Green Your City’s Blueprint benefits from the expertise and experience of Greenbelt Alliance’s long history of advocacy, including the good policies that have been added to San Jose’s General Plan. And the toolkit will be essential as Bay Area cities move to comply with requirements for a Sustainable Communities Strategy.
“Each community can make profound reductions in greenhouse gases by reshaping development patterns over time. Green Your City’s Blueprint explains how general plans can save open space, strengthen neighbor- hoods, and reduce how much we drive,” said Matthew Taecker, Principal Planner for Downtown Berkeley, and Secretary for the California Planning Roundtable. “It is a must read for anyone interested in taking on climate change at home.”


As a middle school engineering teacher, my students do musical light-up projects with Arduino every semester. I fell in love with e-textiles and so I make an ugly Christmas sweater with wearable tech each year, and after last year’s I found this video from Mark Schreiber that really made me want to add “real” music to mine instead of just a piezo buzzer. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gej3jrI68rA One of my favorite Christmas songs is “All I Want for Christmas is You” by Mariah Carey, so I dreamed of a sweater that would play this particular song and light up. I planned early and got a LilyPad MP3 player, my LilyPad SimpleSnap Arduino, and a sheet of Flora Neopixels from Adafruit. The Neopixels are so, so cool. They are super bright and you can attach as many as you want to a single Arduino pin. They are very easy to program. Just enchanting. I want to use them on everything!
Adafruit publishes a wide range of writing and video content, including interviews and reporting on the maker market and the wider technology world. Our standards page is intended as a guide to best practices that Adafruit uses, as well as an outline of the ethical standards Adafruit aspires to. While Adafruit is not an independent journalistic institution, Adafruit strives to be a fair, informative, and positive voice within the community – check it out here: adafruit.com/editorialstandards
Stop breadboarding and soldering – start making immediately! Adafruit’s Circuit Playground is jam-packed with LEDs, sensors, buttons, alligator clip pads and more. Build projects with Circuit Playground in a few minutes with the drag-and-drop MakeCode programming site, learn computer science using the CS Discoveries class on code.org, jump into CircuitPython to learn Python and hardware together, TinyGO, or even use the Arduino IDE. Circuit Playground Express is the newest and best Circuit Playground board, with support for CircuitPython, MakeCode, and Arduino. It has a powerful processor, 10 NeoPixels, mini speaker, InfraRed receive and transmit, two buttons, a switch, 14 alligator clip pads, and lots of sensors: capacitive touch, IR proximity, temperature, light, motion and sound. A whole wide world of electronics and coding is waiting for you, and it fits in the palm of your hand.
Have an amazing project to share? The Electronics Show and Tell is every Wednesday at 7pm ET! To join, head over to YouTube and check out the show’s live chat – we’ll post the link there.


text:
Please Note: Bank First was previously trading under the name 'Victoria Teachers Mutual Bank'.
Reviewer Photos & Videos
The best bank
The staff were amazing and very friendly and they are quick with transactions and they dont keep you waiting for any reason better service than any other bank if you call them on the phone they wont keep you waiting or place you on hold
Attentive and helpful
I found Julie-Ann at Bankfirst highly professional and personable, returning calls and genuinely interested in my business. The costs were upfront and I did not feel pressured at any stage. I had never dealt with Bankfirst before and when comparing car loans to my old bank their rate was lower. Thanks again.
Bank first were extremely helpful with our loan application. We had all our queries answered in regards to interest rates and repayment options. We are very pleased with the service we received.
Excellent staff at Bank First, Moonee Ponds
I have always had great service from the friendly staff at Bank First for the past 4 decades. However the kindness, time taken and complete care demonstrated by one staff member in particular, Robyn Cleary, was heartwarming and greatly appreciated. Robyn’s attention to detail and willingness to explain things meant my partner and I were well informed. I’m glad my whole family have joined us as loyal clients.
Thanks Bank First staff. Later this year you’ll have 4 generations of us.
Reassuring, friendly and peace of mind service.
Having recently been in danger of a scammer, it was necessary for me to communicate my concern to Bank First. They, in particular Jason and Van, were extremely helpful and reassuring, putting my mind at ease and setting up extra protection on my account. The easy and ready reliable access to staff at Bank First was wonderful, as were their explanations, guidance and the processes they put in place.
Julie -Ann was friendly, professional and supportive throughout the whole process. She called and kept in touch and understood our families situation well. This helped me greatly. I am very appreciative of her time and hard work.
Julie-Ann went far and beyond to help. Her consent contact and following up any issues was greatly appreciated. I've never experienced service this for.
Thank you so much for all your help
Outstanding service, very friendly and most of all extremely efficient
Customer service was great, always kept in contact throughout the process and did everything they could to meet out requirements. So efficient and no delays. The borrowing amount was less than we had hoped but they explained everything to us and it was in our best interest to take less.
So relieved to have my car loan application approved in time to be able to buy my newer ,safer car for me and for my family. I was very pleased that my application was dealt with on an individual level ie my personal and unique circumstances were taken into account in order to get my application approved. I'd happily recommend Bank First and often do. Julie-Ann is fantastic to deal with and would be my first stop for any future requirements.
- Verified customer
After many years out of the workforce, and with a 20 year old car, I approached Bankfirst with no expectations to get a second hand car loan. Being in the education industry I was told how good they were, so I came via a recommendation. Well, Rahul Garg was my bank manager, and he was nothing short of brilliant. He was a real person, asking me real questions, he took a real interest in my needs, and thoroughly ensured that what I was asking for would not disadvantage us. Absolutely incredible communication from Rahul, via phone and email, ...and he cranked the process to ensure timelines were met, and that I was informed and aware of every step, so that I didn't need to worry. Loan approved and funds sent so quickly to the dealer. An incredible experience, and one that I have never experienced with any bank ever before. We LOVE our new second hand car, and thanks to Rahul and Bankfirst, I can begin again. I have a reliable car, and something to work for every day. Highly recommended Rahul and the bank, and commend them on providing a service that is unheard of nowadays. Personal, professional and efficient service. Thank you so much, I am so so grateful! Rahul and Bankfirst are amazing.
Best customer phone banking system
How easy to use a personalised phone banking service, with the help of one caring customer service officer! Donna was so pleasant and reliable in every way, making sure we achieved the best possible outcome. Nothing was too much trouble for her, even ringing back to be helpful.
This bank is wonderful. Always try to help when you need it.
The customer service at Bankfirst is second to none. We are long time customers purely because of the service they give members. Many years ago they came to my rescue over a financial issue not of my doing and now, just the other day, when we had another financial emergency, they were there to offer help and a solution to the issue. I always feel they are approachable and helpful and speaking with a person is always reassuring and they ALWAYS ring back if they say they will. There is no costs or charges for this wonderful customer service. My c...hildren have also used them for home loans getting great rates and great service and excellent communication during the process. If you want excellent customer service, then look no further than Bankfirst.
Great to deal with a bank that cares....
Thank you to Julie-Ann for her efforts in dealing with me on this loan.
Apart from being happy with the rates and fees associated with the loan it was the customer service I was most impressed with.
Firstly I dealt with Julie-Ann soley from the start and she was very diligent and knowledgeable in constructing the loan and making sure I wasn't over committing.
She also helped arrange car insurance which was cheaper than other quotes that I had obtained.
Overall it was a smooth and easy experience.
Why we chose Bank First even with smaller Term Deposit Rates
Every time I contact Bank First, I speak to a real person who always go out of their way to help with my query. If they don’t know, they find someone who does - they don’t fob you off.
Because of the consistent outstanding service, ease of use of their Internet Portal and great people, we chose to go with the Bank First Fixed Term Deposit At 2.60% instead of going to another institution at 2.80%. While .20% adds up, we decided that we get looked after so well, it’s our turn to support Bank First.
Five star all the way
Thank you to Ashleigh and the team in finance for the friendly, quick and helpful customer sevice in financing my new car. it was way "too easy" from start to finish. Greatly appreciated the short time frame from deposit to final payment. I will continue to recommend Bank First to family and friends.
Customer service personnel are helpful, polite, respectful and professional. Process was clearly explained and approval was fast. Rate is competitive and terms are flexible. Communication was excellent throughout the application, approval and payment process. Would happily recommend.
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domain: finance


text:
Generally, three types of vegetables can be grown under cover. The selection of varieties with a short cultivation period and favorable conditions make it possible to produce 4-5 species in a season, and with coordinate cultivation, the number of vegetable species can be increased even more. A properly selected species for coordinate cultivation not only reduces the growth of weeds, but also stimulates the growth of adjacent plants grown for the main crop. Just like in the field, also in the inspection and under other covers, the rules of crop rotation must be followed. In spring, it is best to grow leaf or root vegetables, fruit in summer and root or leaf in autumn.
As the fourth part of the crop rotation, you can sometimes introduce summer flowers or cultivate them together with fruit vegetables. Marigolds or nasturtiums are especially suitable for this, that scare away various pests. Nasturtium is also an excellent ground cover plant. Because still other species can be grown, you should try out the different variants for yourself. The table shows examples of changeover to enable the use of the inspection all year round. Spring crops must be protected against night chills by covering the windows with mats or boards. As the plants grow, the chests are aired more and more; this is especially true of head lettuce, which is rarely watered, but abundantly. During the binding of the heads, lettuce is sensitive to high air humidity. It should be watered in the morning, and in the morning at the latest.
Radish, Radish and kohlrabi need warmth and sufficient soil moisture to grow quickly and properly. Radishes can be grown coordinates with kohlrabi.
Plants grown in summer have more or less the same thermal requirements, however, they differ in terms of air and soil humidity. Cucumber likes a constant temperature, at least 16-18 ° C, and very high air humidity. Therefore, plants should be sprinkled frequently, but necessarily lukewarm, not cold water, and ventilate crates or foil tunnels sparingly. Cucumbers can be grown after an early frame lettuce. If the weather is sunny, but the air temperature is quite low, it is better to shade frames than to ventilate them. Cucumber tolerates very high summer heat with all-day shading of windows and frequent sprinkling with water.
Zucchini, which comes from southern Europe, has much less requirements. Only to set the first fruits, you need to shade the windows and possibly sprinkle the plants. Then it tolerates both heat wells, and the cold. Bushy varieties of zucchini (without runners) they are more fertile. Zucchini fruits are widely used not only in processing, but also suitable for consumption fresh. They can, to some extent, replace cucumbers.
The melon has the greatest heat requirements. Besides, it likes a lot of light and water in the soil. The melon cultivation period is relatively long, because the first fruits set very late. Therefore, not in all conditions and not every year, the results of growing this valuable vegetable are satisfactory. The three above-mentioned species have a very shallow root system. Therefore, additional fertilization with compost or watering with organic fertilizers is beneficial for them, and later also mulching the soil surface. It is unnecessary to loosen the soil; emerging weeds can be pulled out manually.

domain: agronomy


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Big Diamond set for weekend opener
Coming off a successful mall show, Schuylkill County's Big Diamond Speedway, under the new ownership team of Jake and Jasmine Smulley, looks forward to opening on Sunday afternoon, marking the 41st consecutive season of racing at the 3/8th mile dirt oval.
Gates open at 1 p.m. and racing will begin at 4 p.m. for the popular three-division show that has been the staple in recent years at the Forrestville track.
The 358 (small block) modifieds, sportsman and roadrunners are on Sunday's slate. The modifieds will compete in a 30-lap feature paying the winner $3,000, while the sportsman and roadrunners will each have 20-lap features. A complete program of qualifying events will set the field for the respective feature events of each division.
Big Diamond will return to its typical Friday night time slot, next Friday, March 29, with the three divisions being joined by the street stock class.
As of press time (Thursday p.m.), Lincoln Speedway and Port Royal Speedway are still scheduled to be opening, while Williams Grove Speedway has canceled its season opener of 358 and 410 sprint cars tonight.
Selinsgrove Speedway, following its 410 season opener on March 10 won by Greg Hodnett and last Friday's Race of Champions 358 modified feature, which was won by Duane Howard, lost the Saturday portion of the "Icebreaker Weekend" to bad weather and has already canceled Saturday's regular-season four-division opener.
Lincoln Speedway is scheduled to have the 410 sprint cars, limited late models and thundercars in action with a 6 p.m. starting time at the Abbottstown oval, while Juniata County's Port Royal season opener at 5 p.m., finds the 410 sprint cars, late models and enduro dash races on the program.
Following last weekends "Icebreaker Weekend" at Selinsgrove Speedway, the New York based, Race of Champions dirt modified series heads south to the New Egypt Speedway for the "Cabin Fever 60" for the modifieds along with a 40-lap feature for the RoC Sportsman Series. Pit Gates open at 10 a.m., grandstands at 2 p.m. and racing action starts at 3 p.m.
Maryland's Hagerstown Speedway continues to kick off its racing season with an attempt to complete the 2012 racing season. The "Brawl in the Fall" fell victim to Hurricane Sandy last October after the qualifying action was completed, and the features only program was once again canceled last Sunday due to weather issues. Sunday is the new rain date featuring the 410 sprint cars, big block modifieds, late models and 358 sprint cars. Gates open at 11 a.m. and racing begins at 2 p.m. at the Hub City half-mile.
Following the 44th annual Amalie Oil Gatornationals last weekend at the Gainesville (Florida) Raceway, the NHRA Mello Yello Drag Racing Series has a few weekends off before returning to action April 5-7 at the Strip at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway for the 14th Annual summitracing.com Nationals.
Winners of last weekend were Antron Brown (Top Fuel), Johnny Gray (Funny Car), Allen Johnson (Pro Stock) and Hector Arana Jr. (P/S Bike).
(Kaminski covers auto racing for The News-Item)

domain: news


Watch tutorials, webinars and informative videos about PreSens optical sensor systems.
Find your solution from more than 100 combinations!
Find your solution
Your individual set-up consists of :
The PreSens Measurement Studio 2 has been developed and designed to control several PreSens devices connected to a PC / notebook with one software. Easy data management for sensors, measurement files, and users as well as export of files into .csv and .xslx format can be realized with just a few clicks. The intuitive measurement control eases performing precise oxygen, pH and CO2 measurements with multiple devices simultaneously.
The software offers many additional features, like compensation of salinity, so most precise measurements can be conducted. You can also group measurement channels so the temperature and (for O2 & CO2 devices) pressure inputs from one single device can be shared with the rest of the grouped devices. Build your own measurement network and measure O2, pH and CO2 simultaneously, all controlled from one PC.
This extremely small and lightweight oxygen meter can be used with microsensors (200 µm fiber) in different designs, non-invasive sensors, dipping probes and flow-through cells (1 mm fiber). Its small outer dimensions make it feasible for almost any application. OXY-1 ST is compatible with sensor type PSt7 (detection limit 15 ppb, 0 - 100 % oxygen). It is operated with the PreSens Measurement Studio 2 software and offers temperature, pressure and salinity compensated measurements. The software has numerous features and allows to control several OXY-1 ST simultaneously. Powered via USB no extra cables or adapters are needed. This oxygen meter is the solution for most precise micro-invasive or non-invasive measurements.
Due to its small outer dimensions OXY-4 ST can be set up almost anywhere. It can be used with microsensors (230 µm fiber) in different designs, non-invasive sensors, dipping probes and flow-through cells (1 mm fiber). This makes it the ideal tool especially for benchtop applications. OXY-4 ST is compatible with sensor type PSt7 (detection limit 15 ppb, 0 - 100 % oxygen). This USB-powered oxygen meter is operated with the PreSens Measurement Studio 2 software and offers separate temperature compensation for each channel. The software has numerous features, offers additional pressure and salinity compensation and allows controlling several single and multi-channel meters simultaneously. This oxygen meter is the solution for most precise micro-invasive or non-invasive oxygen measurements.
The glass fiber with its oxygen-sensitive tip (< 50 µm with tapered sensor tip TS, < 230 µm with flat-broken sensor tip TF) is protected inside a stainless steel needle and can be extended for measurements. As long as the sensor tip is retracted and sheltered inside this needle the microsensor can be pierced through septum rubber or any other harsh material. With its small tip size and fast response time (t90 < 3 s) this sensor is ideally suited for research and packaging applications, where micro-invasive and small sensors are needed.