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You may recognize maltodextrin powder as a food additive. Manufacturers of processed and packaged foods such as cereals, baked goods, candy and beverages use it as a thickener, filler, stabilizer or binder. It’s often combined with artificial sweeteners as well. It is a white, almost tasteless, water soluble starch hydrolyzed from plant sources.
Considering its uses in manufacturing, you might think maltodextrin would be bad for your health, but it may, in fact, have benefits. As a complex carbohydrate, maltodextrin may be able to provide a quick boost in energy and some athletes use it for just that purpose. It might also help with digestion and blood sugar control (x). However, there is no medical evidence that supports its ability to completely cure, treat or prevent any disease.
What Is Maltodextrin?
Maltodextrin is a cheap carbohydrate that is used as an ingredient to increase texture, thickness, volume, shelf life and even the taste of processed foods, packaged foods and sugar substitutes. It is a complex starch (or polysaccharide) with chains of glucose molecules linked together (x). According to experts, its sugar content is less than 20% (x, x).
In 1804, French chemist Edme-Jean Bouillon-Lagrange was the first to report the synthesis of dextrin. In 1811, Russian chemist Gottlieb Kirchoff discovered that sugar can be produced from potato starch (x, x, x). From there came a number of research studies on starches and sugars, including commercial applications of maltodextrin in the food, pharmaceutical and health industries (x, x, x, x).
What is Resistant Maltodextrin?
There are two types of this carbohydrate: digestible maltodextrin and resistant maltodextrin. The former is mostly used in food products. Resistant maltodextrin is an indigestible but fermentable starch somewhat similar to dietary fiber. It is derived from additional steps in the hydrolysis process and it is this type that resists digestion (x, x, x, x).
Where Does Maltodextrin Come from?
Maltodextrin is made from natural starchy foods such as potatoes, rice, wheat, tapioca and corn, though corn maltodextrin is more popular in the United States. The complex carbohydrate is derived from hydrolysis, a process in which water, enzymes and/or acids break it into smaller sugar molecules (x, x, x).
What foods contain maltodextrin? If you read labels, you may be surprised. A large percentage of the processed, prepackaged foods we are familiar with contain maltodextrin. Common foods include (x, x):
- Baked goods
- Infant formula
- Cooked cereals
- Pudding and gelatin
- Frozen food
- Meat substitutes
- Salad dressing
- Canned fruit
- Ice cream
- Sugars and artificial sweeteners
- Beverages, especially sports and energy drinks
Why Do Manufacturers Use Maltodextrin in Food?
Maltodextrin decreases the liquid in products like salad, gelatin, soup and frozen meals for a thicker consistency or simply to add bulk. In baked goods, it stabilizes the ingredients for a smoother texture and in artificial sweeteners, it crystallizes or binds sugar molecules together. Maltodextrin can also help extend the shelf life of these products (x, x).
What Is Maltodextrin Powder Used for?
So, what does maltodextrin do? Is there evidence that suggests that maltodextrin benefits the body? Yes. The supplement may produce positive effects on:
- Blood sugar
We reached out to Dr. Rashmi Byakodi, editor of Best of Nutrition, for insight on the supplement and how it may improve health. Best of Nutrition is a site dedicated to providing research-supported content on nutrition, diets, fitness tips and supplement reviews.
Note that there is no medical evidence to support the claim that the supplement can cure or treat any disease or condition. Always consult a doctor or healthcare provider for accurate diagnoses and medical information and professional advice before taking any supplements.
Manufacturers often use maltodextrin in processed and packaged food products to add thickness, improve texture or consistency, enhance flavor and extend shelf life (x, x). You may also find other artificial sweeteners like stevia and dextrose with maltodextrin—in baked goods and frozen products, for example (x, x). Dextrose is also produced from corn or corn syrup and the choice for pastry and ice cream fillers is often between these two carbohydrates (x, x).
Dr. Byakodi points out that “maltodextrin contains digestion-resistant dextrin, which acts as dietary fiber.” A number of studies suggest that resistant maltodextrin powder passes through the stomach and small intestine without being digested just like dietary insoluble fiber, which may address digestive symptoms like constipation by “speeding up the elimination of waste through the colon and promotes regular bowel movements (x).
Then it is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine or the colon. According to studies, its fermentation may have a positive impact on bowel function, including “stool volume and stool consistency” (x, x).
Blood Sugar & Hypoglycemia
Compared to its resistant countertype, digestible maltodextrin enters the bloodstream very swiftly and results in a spike in blood sugar, with “a high glycemic index (GI), averaging between 106 and 136 (x).” The GI ranks food based on how its carbohydrate content affects blood sugar. For comparison, slow digesting carbs have index values at less than 55 (x). According to Dr. Byakodi, this value is about twice as high as table sugar.
Hypoglycemia is characterized by insufficient or low glucose in the bloodstream. Research suggests that maltodextrin powder as a supplement may help reverse it by raising blood sugar levels in patients with chronic hypoglycemia (x).
Exercise & Energy Boosts
Digestible maltodextrin is absorbed quickly in the small intestine and empties into the bloodstream. Dr. Byakodi claims that its high GI value may be beneficial for athletes and bodybuilders by offering “a quick burst of energy” for anyone who may need energy for prolonged or repetitive workouts. Dr. Byakodi supports its possible ability to “improve endurance by maintaining anaerobic power” (x).
Recall that maltodextrin powder is also often included in sports and energy drinks, which are popular among endurance athletes. The maltodextrin can help replenish sugar stores in the body during recovery after exercise. Research states that maltodextrin may also help athletes increase muscle mass or gain weight if that is the goal (x, x, x, x).
How to Use Maltodextrin Powder
When consuming maltodextrin powder as a dietary supplement, mix 15 to 30 g into at least 16 oz of water or another beverage, preferably before or after a workout. Always consult a doctor or healthcare provider for accurate diagnoses and medical information and professional advice before consuming any supplements.
Possible Side Effects of Maltodextrin Powder
Allergies or intolerances to maltodextrin may cause the following side effects (x):
Although it may help support digestion, Dr. Byakodi also points out that regular consumption may also have a negative effect on digestion and immunity “by suppressing the growth of probiotics in your gut. It changes your gut flora composition by supporting the growth of harmful bacteria such as E. coli. Balanced gut flora is vital for the proper functioning of the immune system” (x).
Patients with prediabetes or who are predisposed to insulin problems should not consume maltodextrin powder. Sudden spikes in blood sugar could be dangerous (x). Maltodextrin may also increase the growth of the gut bacteria E. coli. This may upset the microbiome in the gut, which may reduce growth and functionality of the healthy bacteria in the gut (x, x).
Since maltodextrin is a carbohydrate and can increase blood sugar levels, taking the supplement or eating foods that contain it may cause weight gain. Foods such as cereals, snacks, desserts, candy and frozen food items may contain maltodextrin (x, x).
Though maltodextrin extraction from wheat removes proteins including gluten, there may still be some traces of it left behind from other manufacturing ingredients. Individuals with a gluten allergy or Celiac disease may want to avoid maltodextrin powder or foods that contain it (x, x).
Where to Buy Maltodextrin Supplements
You can purchase non-GMO maltodextrin powder supplements at BulkSupplements.com. The company is an industry-leading manufacturer and distributor for pure dietary supplements. BulkSupplements.com is not just a consumer brand. It also supplies pure ingredients to other brands that distribute food and other supplement products. All products at BulkSupplements.com are manufactured and tested according to current and proper manufacturing practices.
Are you interested in trying maltodextrin powder as a food additive that may potentially increase energy, manage low blood sugar and support digestion? Contact BulkSupplements.com to place an order today.
Maltodextrin is a complex carbohydrate derived from natural starch plant crops such as wheat, potato and corn. Manufacturers often use it to add bulk, texture and flavor to food, as well as to stabilize and encapsulate the ingredients to increase shelf life. It’s found in many common foods: cereals, rice, pasta, soups, frozen items, salad dressings, canned fruits, baked goods, puddings, artificial sweeteners, sports and energy drinks.
Maltodextrin powder supplements may help sustain your workout regimen, support endurance or induce quick recovery after a strenuous workout. Resistant maltodextrin does not absorb into the bloodstream, which may help support digestion. Its digestible counterpart, however, may help raise blood sugar in cases of hypoglycemia.
Make sure to consult a doctor before you try maltodextrin powder or any other supplement. There is no medical evidence to support its ability to completely cure or treat any disease or condition. However, there are studies that support its potential to support and improve health.
*** These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

domain: chemistry


text:
Item description for Equipping the Saints by A. Jack Nester...
A book for those who are serious about active involvement in ministry whether as a disciple or part of the Five-Fold Ministry. The purpose of the book is to provide a solid foundation of academic, practical tools, on-the-job training and anointing to equip people for a Holy Spirit led and empowered ministry. This course of study was originally developed to equip members of Fellowship of Believers Church but was expanded for use by oversight pastors to equip individuals preparing for full-time ministry. It has proven effective in use by local churches as well as preparing pastors in other countries and is a book that should be in every believer's library. Dr. Jack Nester, Jr. has served as pastor for 33 years. He was originally ordained as a United Methodist. He was baptized with the Holy Spirit in 1977 and this experience changed his vision about what God intended for the Church and Christians. Jack has been privileged to minister God's love, deliverance and healing power in Africa, Haiti, Mexico, among Native American groups in the United States, mining communities, ethnic minority churches and prison ministry. Dr. Nester is ordained by the World Ministry Fellowship in Plano, Texas. He is pastor of the Fellowship of Believers, a non-denominational church in Langley, Oklahoma, which God called into existence in 1997. The church continues to experience the supernatural provision of God as well as His anointing which is available to all believers. Pastor Jack holds a bachelor's degree from Missouri Valley College, a Master of Theology degree from Southern Methodist University and a Doctor of Ministry degree from Oral Roberts University. The most important credential he has for ministry is the anointing from God that is available to all believers-including you, if you want it. Do you?
Promise Angels is dedicated to bringing you great books at great prices. Whether you read for entertainment, to learn, or for literacy - you will find what you want at promiseangels.com!
Studio: Xulon Press
Est. Packaging Dimensions: Length: 11" Width: 8.25" Height: 0.5" Weight: 1.19 lbs.
Release Date Aug 31, 2008
Publisher Xulon Press
ISBN 1606474626 ISBN13 9781606474624
Reviews - What do customers think about Equipping the Saints?
A must for all pastors Mar 8, 2010
Pastor Nester's handbook on ministry is a tool box for pastor and ministry leaders alike. Here in one volume are "whys and how to's" that will assist every growing ministry. Jack's many years in ministry have contributed to this book that covers many topics icluding ethics, hospital ministry, ushers etc. It may not be all inclusive, but it is a big step in that direction. This should be on every pastors shelf.
Pastor Howard Cameron, author of: The Eternal Purpose of God: The Why of Who You Are

domain: library


A shutdown isn’t going to stop NASA’s MAVEN mission…
New research to help prevent breast cancer…
Dissecting Einstein’s brain...
And we’ve got a reason for you to look up on the Daily Orbit!
Hello and welcome to the Daily Orbit. I’m Emerald Robinson.
Government shutdown? Ain’t nobody got time for that. NASA’s MAVEN Mission is moving on. Despite having to halt several of its projects, NASA will launch its MAVEN mission on schedule. MAVEN will serve as a communications relay for NASA’s existing Mars equipment, making sure that the agency’s current Mars assets are protected. It will also help provide information on Mars’ thinning atmosphere and the impact that change had on the Martian climate and geochemical conditions over time. The spacecraft is set to launch in November, and the mission only has a 20-day launch window. If NASA misses that time frame, the space agency will have to wait til 2016 to launch when Mars and the Earth are properly aligned again. NASA called this an emergency exception to the shutdown.
And at about this time, according to where you are in the world, you might look outside and see a shooting star! The Draconid meteor shower is set to sweep across the U.S. skies this evening just after sunset. The unusual thing about the Draconids is that they are best seen in the evening rather than before dawn. Maybe I’ll actually catch this one since you don’t have to get out of bed at the crack of dawn to see them! If you miss it today, you’ll have a chance again tomorrow evening but don’t expect as spectacular of a show. The Draconids get their name from Draco the Dragon, the constellation they appear to emanate from. Hope you catch them and happy viewing!
October is breast cancer awareness month and here’s some research to help in the fight. The American Cancer Society has found that exercise significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer. Researchers found that postmenopausal women who engaged in an hour of vigorous physical activity everyday had a 25% lower risk of developing breast cancer than those who did not. And those who walked for an hour a day on average had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer. Researchers also noted that about 60% of US women report some kind of daily walking, suggesting that promoting walking could be a good strategy to get women active. And remember, research shows the more active, the more benefit. So to all my ladies--get on those walking shoes.
Dreamed I signed up for a library card last night. Hmm… Maybe I was having a premonition about this next study. The New School for Social Research found that reading literary fiction strengthens skills essential to understanding other people’s mental states and the processing of complex social relationships. The researchers tested participants’ ability to attribute various mental states-- like beliefs, desires, and intentions--to both themselves and others. They conducted these tests after participants had either read literary fiction, popular fiction, or non-fiction works. The authors reported that those who read the works of literary fiction scored better than members of the other two groups. They say that literary fiction, unlike popular fiction, requires intellectual engagement and creative thought from reader.
And I’m sure even Einstein enjoyed a good piece of literary fiction here and there, maybe that’s one reason he was so smart! But really what did make his brain so special? Researchers from China say the reason Albert Einstein was so smart was because the left and right hemispheres of his brain were extremely well connected to one another. By comparing high-resolution images of Einstein’s brain, they found he had extensive connections between specific regions of his cerebral hemispheres, compared to control groups—which facilitated interhemispheric communication. So Einstein really was just “wired” a little better than most of us.
And that’s all for the Daily Orbit. See you tomorrow! Don’t forget to look outside tonight and enjoy the meteor shower!


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US 4656814 A
A method of joining two sheets each comprising a metallic foil and heat-sealable material comprises applying heat and pressure to squeeze the heat-sealable material away from a region between the foils so as to provide electrical contact, either directly or by way of an inserted filament, between the foils.
1. In a method of packaging an article to provide a complete radio frequency shield thereabout, including enclosing the article with sheet material comprising an electrically conductive substrate and a layer of heat sealable material, and forming a continuous seam along overlapping portions of the sheet material; the improvement wherein forming said seam comprises:
disposing an electrically conductive filamentary element between the sheet portions along the direction selected for said seam;
heating said sheet portions at least in the region of said element; and
squeezing the sheets together between a pair of resilient rollers with the layers of heat sealable material facing each other and in contact with said element to cause the heat sealable material on each of said sheets to be squeezed by contact with said element laterally away from said element and to urge the element into close electrical contact with both of the conductive substrates along the entire length of the seam.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the filamentary element is a wire.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the element comprises a narrow strip of expanded metal.
The present invention relates to a method for joining sheet materials and in particular to a method of packaging an article employing that method.
Known packaging materials include a layer of aluminium foil which has on one side thereof a layer of heat sealable material such as, for example, SURLYN (Registered Trade Mark). In order to form a seal between the two edges of the material, two surface portions of the packaging material which have the heat sealable layer are brought into contact and heat sealed. It has been found that using that packaging material the seal formed by that known method provides adequate strength and is quite satisfactory for the exclusion of air, water and other extraneous materials. However, it does not provide a reliable shield against electro-magnetic fields.
The present invention relates to a method for joining sheet materials having heat-sealable material on an electrically conductive substrate so as to provide an electrical connection between the two sheet materials so joined.
The present invention provides a method of joining two face portions of sheet material comprising an electrically conductive substrate and a layer of heat sealable material, the method comprising the steps of applying pressure across and heating the two face portions thereby to squeeze the heat sealable material away from a region between the two substrates so as to enable electrical connection of the two substrates in that region and to seal together the two layers of heat-sealable material.
The present invention further provides a method of packaging an article comprising the steps of enclosing the article by one or more pieces of sheet material comprising an electrically conductive substrate and a layer of heat-sealable material so that adjacent pairs of face portions of sheet material have respective heat-sealable layers adjacent; holding the or each pair of face portions together so that the respective layers of heat sealable material are in contact and applying pressure across and heating the pair of face portions thereby to squeeze the heat-sealable material away from a region between the two substrates so as to enable electrical connection of the two substrates in that region either by direct contact of the substrates or by way of an inserted conductive element and to seal together the two contacting layers of heat sealable material.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a sheet material for use in the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a pair of the sheet materials of FIG. 1 which have been joined together in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 3 shows the joining of sheet materials in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a sheet material 10 comprises a laminate comprising a layer of conductive metal foil 1, which may be composed of, for example, aluminium or copper, disposed on a layer of polyester film 2 and being attached thereto by means of a suitable adhesive. The polyester film 2 imparts a degree of tear resistance to the sheet material 10. On the other surface of the metal foil 1 is disposed a layer of heat-sealable film 3, which is attached to the metal foil 1 by means of a suitable adhesive. The heat sealable film 3 is preferably composed of an ionomer resin such as, for example, Surlyn (Registered Trade Mark) but alternative materials such as polyethylene may be employed. An advantage of Surlyn is that it has an affinity for aluminium foil (i.e. it spreads well over the foil) and for the purposes of the invention the Surlyn preferably has a thickness of around 12 microns.
FIG. 2 shows two of the sheet materials 10 which have been joined together so as to connect electrically the two sheet materials 10. To join the sheet materials 10, two face portions of the sheet materials 10 are brought into contact with the two layers of heat-sealable film 3 being adjacent. Prior to the joint being made, between the two adjacent layers of heat-sealable film 3 and along the length of the joint to be made is disposed a filamentary element 4. More than one filamentary element 4 may be employed. The filamentary element 4 is a good conductor of electricity and preferably comprises copper wire, aluminium wire or a thin strip of "expanded" metal. The copper or aluminium wire preferably has a diameter of approximately 7 thousandths of an inch (i.e. 178 microns).
To form a joint, heat and pressure are applied in any convenient manner, preferably including a pair of facing rollers such as the roller 5 in FIG. 3, to two sheets so that the two face portions are pushed together and surround the filamentary element 4. The heat-sealable layers 3 are heated to about 150°-200° C., the temperature being below the melting point of the heat-sealable material. The heat may be supplied as an impulse or continuously. The pressure applied causes the heat-sealable layers 3 to be squeezed together and sealed together. The filamentary element 4 squeezes respective portions of the heat-sealable layers 3 surrounding the filamentary element 4 away from the filamentary element 4 and the two metal foils 1 in a direction lateral of the applied pressure. The filamentary element 4 causes high local pressure to be developed at its surface so that it becomes urged against and in electrical contact with the two metal foils 1. When the joint is cooled and the pressure is removed, the joint is formed by the heat-sealable layers 3 and the filamentary element 4 which is surrounded by the joined layers 3. The heat-sealable layers 3 provide mechanical strength for the joint and the filamentary element provides a continuous electrical connection between the two metal foils 1 along the length of the joint.
FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment in which the two sheet materials 10 are joined by passing them through a pair of pressured rollers 5,6 which may be motor-driven. One of the rollers 5 has a cylindrical surface which is coated with a resilient layer 7. The other roller 6 has an annular ridge 8 disposed around a cylindrical surface thereof. The ridge 8 has a V-shaped section. More than one ridge 8 could be employed. To form the joint, the two face portions of the sheet materials 10 are brought into contact, with the two heat-sealable layers 3 being adjacent. The contacting portions are then passed through the rollers 5,6. Heat is applied to the contacting portions so as to raise the temperature of the heat-sealable layers in a manner similar to that used in the embodiment of FIG. 2. The rollers 5,6 may themselves be heated or alternatively a heater bar may be positioned between the rollers 5,6 and a pair of feed rollers (not shown) through which the strip materials 10 may be passed prior to heating and joining. The high temperature and pressure between the rollers 5,6 causes that sheet material 10 which is nearest the roller 5 to be deformed by the ridge 8 and urged towards the other sheet material 10. The ridge 8 forms an elongate V-shaped channel along the joint. The heat-sealable layers 3 are squeezed away from the deformed portion of the sheet material 10 so that the two metal foils are brought into electrical contact along the length of the joint. The heat-sealable layers 3 are sealed together. The resilient layer 7 tends to resist deformation of the other sheet material 10. The pressure profile across the roller surfaces is arranged to that the heat-sealable layers are only squeezed away from the vicinity of the ridge and are not squeezed out from the joint.
The present application has particular application in the packaging of electrical or electronic components which need to be shielded from the induction effects of radio-frequency electro-magnetic waves and infrared radiation. For such an application, the components need to be completely surrounded by the electrically conductive sheet material, with all joints in the sheet material providing a continuous low resistance electrical connection. In order to provide sufficient shielding, the metal foil 1 preferably has a thickness of not less than approximately 30 microns, so as to give sufficient electrical conductivity of the metal foil 1. The thickness of the metalfoil 1 is preferably of a value such that the sheet material is sufficiently flexible for its intended use. The present invention can provide a cheap, convenient and efficient means to provide such shielding, with the joints having high electrical and mechanical strength.


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Nothing much to brag about, but yet trying to keep up with the blog, lest I fall behind again. :p
As mentioned last time, I was busy with a small exhibition and sale for a very talented fine artist. That kept me on my toes and also another set of photography assignment for another client. But in all of the hectic schedule at work, I finally managed to step out and get a little retail therapy in order to keep my polarities in sync! Thanks to a good friend who is also an image make over expert, I even got a new mirror image..a.k.a a well overdue haircut. But why am I talking about all these things here? Well because, I also was gifted this little treasure which is so proudly my new home page image. Keeping with my mania of food and photography. A very apt and thoughtful gift!
At this rate, I’ll be soon having my pic in a boiling cauldron as well! Ha! The above image was shot pretty randomly for want of more time. Backlit by a huge window and a board of foamboard in the front to soften the shadows a bit. Where I am at, we are having extremely temperamental weather, so had to just shoot and get it out of the way. I was incidentally making a pot of coffee alongside! Coincidence? No, intentional! Can’t wait to have it around my neck! An occasion for a selfie..yaay! 🙂
Have a great week folks. Tell me what your shooting? What are your favorite mealtime stories?

domain: hobby


text:
September 2022. ETHRA submitted to the Netherlands consultation on amending the Tobacco and Related Products Order.
1. Introductory remarks
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the proposed amendment to the Tobacco and Related Products Order, which would limit the number of approved substances allowed to make tobacco e-liquids only to 16, as specified in Article 2.12. We shall also submit these comments to TRIS.
European Tobacco Harm Reduction Advocates is the voice of 27 million EU consumers of safer nicotine products. ETHRA is a consortium of 25 grassroots consumer associations in 17 European countries, supported by experts in tobacco control and nicotine research. We are mostly ex-smokers who have used safer nicotine products, such as vapes, nicotine pouches, heated tobacco products, and snus, to quit smoking and to remain smoke free. ETHRA is a voluntary operation with no industry funding or conflicts of interest. Our EU Transparency Register number is 354946837243-73.
The objective of the proposed amendment, as set out in the Integrated Assessment Framework for Policy and Regulations (IAK), is to protect public health by reducing the attractiveness of electronic cigarettes to the general population, but particularly to young people. This raises serious concerns as the amendment would amount to a de facto ban on vaping products. The consequences of removing adult access to the most popular and effective smoking cessation tool will be negative to public health. Smoking will increase, especially amongst the middle aged and elderly - those people most at risk from the health harms associated with smoking. It would destroy the legal vaping industry in the Netherlands, and we predict that the black market would flourish.
ETHRA has regularly engaged with NL ministers and parliamentarians to raise concerns and we also urge you to heed the warnings in ‘Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response’, a submission to the 2020 consultation signed by twenty-four scientific and policy experts.
2. Amendment amounts to a de facto ban on e-liquids for vaping
This final amendment will see all flavoured e-liquids banned. “Tobacco” is the only permitted flavour, but the exhaustive list of just 16 permitted substances would not permit any of the currently available tobacco flavours to be produced. RIVM notes that manufacturers currently use a total of 503 different flavours in tobacco-flavoured liquids.
Tobacco flavour is just one of thousands of e-liquid flavours. It bears little resemblance to the taste of cigarette smoke itself. It is unclear why this flavour has been chosen to be the one that would be permitted while all other flavours are banned.
3. The rationale for this policy decision is deeply flawed
The Integrated Assessment Framework for Policy and Regulations (IAK) makes a number of claims that are not backed up by science, hugely overstating the potential harms from vaping. It makes no comparison with the effects of inhaling tobacco smoke, yet we know that the vast majority of vapers are former or current smokers. In the Netherlands in 2021 the percentage of adult vapers who never smoked was a minuscule 0.3%. Given this fact it is imperative that any assessment of the health risks from using vaping products includes comparisons with the risks from continued smoking.
The document also states that there is an increased risk of harms including cancer from using vaping products. Again, this must be compared to smoking. We know beyond any reasonable doubt that vaping products are orders of magnitude safer than combustible tobacco.
The most robust evidence comes from the UK, a global leader in tobacco control policy. A 2020 review by the UK’s Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products, and the Environment (COT) concluded that smokers who switch completely to vaping will get a substantial health benefit and that there is a considerable reduction in the risk of lung cancer due to lower exposure to harmful compounds.
In 2018, Public Health England conducted a comprehensive independent evidence review on e-cigarettes which found:
“Vaping poses only a small fraction of the risks of smoking and switching completely from smoking to vaping conveys substantial health benefits over continued smoking. Based on current knowledge, stating that vaping is at least 95% less harmful than smoking”
The UK’s Royal College of Physicians landmark paper, Nicotine without smoke, concluded:
“Although it is not possible to precisely quantify the long-term health risks associated with e-cigarettes, the available data suggest that they are unlikely to exceed 5% of those associated with smoked tobacco products, and may well be substantially lower than this figure.” (Section 5.5 page 87)
A study by Stephen WE, published in the British Medical Journal, estimated that vaping had a cancer potency of 0.4% compared to smoking. The French Cancer Institute also recognises the huge harm reduction potential of vaping in their latest campaign, stating:
“Without tobacco, without smoke and without combustion, the electronic cigarette represents an opportunity to reduce cancer mortality related to tobacco. It should be used with a view to quitting smoking for good”
The IAK claim that nicotine exposure during adolescence can be harmful to the developing brain is very weak. The claim is based on a small number of rodent studies which have no relevance to humans. This is just one area which was addressed in a comprehensive paper by 15 past presidents of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, the preeminent scientific professional society focused on nicotine and tobacco.
4. Vaping is a successful tool for smoking cessation
There is strong evidence that vaping displaces smoking through product substitution. As ex-smokers we know this, and our experiences are supported by evidence from randomised control trials, observational studies, population surveys and user testimonies. Vaping can be an effective smoking cessation tool even for those that have no intention of quitting - informally termed “accidental quitting”. A recent longitudinal study of four countries found that “Uptake of nicotine vaping appears to be strongly associated with cigarette smoking cessation among smokers with no initial plans to quit smoking”
5. A wide variety of flavours is essential to the success of vaping products
Data from the Netherlands Expertise Centre for Tobacco Control shows that vaping products are used almost exclusively by smokers and ex-smokers (99.7%) as a means to quit or reduce their use of smoked tobacco. Product appeal, including through the availability of a wide range of flavours, is a crucial element in attracting smokers to vaping in the first instance, and to avoid relapse to smoking. There is robust evidence that vaping non-tobacco flavours significantly increases the chances of successful smoking cessation.
Evidence from the Netherlands also points to the important role flavours play in quitting smoking. Havermans et al concludes that “adults who completely substituted the use of conventional cigarettes by e-cigarettes have often initiated e-cigarette use with fruity flavours rather than tobacco flavours, or switched from tobacco to non-tobacco e-liquid flavours over time.” A study of Dutch consumers of vaping products concluded that vape flavours are a contributing factor in smokers completely switching to vaping and recommended that they should remain available to adult smokers.
The Netherlands has performed relatively well in regard to smoking cessation: smoking prevalence has fallen from 25.7% in 2014 to 20.6% in 2021. However, there is scope to improve, and every available cessation method should be utilised. Of the 2.9 million smokers in the Netherlands, only 30% made a serious quit attempt in the past year.
Flavoured vaping products could offer millions of Dutch smokers an exit ramp from smoking, at vast benefit to their health.
6. A flavour ban could trigger a wide range of behavioural responses.
Policymakers should consider the full range of likely behavioural responses to a flavour ban, given that the ban would not in itself lessen the drive to use nicotine. Such responses might include the following, all with higher risk than using regulated products:
- Switch from vaping to smoking
- Initiate smoking, instead of vaping
- Access flavoured products from outside the EU
- Access flavoured products from the black or grey market
- “DIY” their flavours (home mixing)
In our ETHRA 2020 survey of nicotine consumers in Europe, which was the largest survey of its kind in the EU and received over 35,000 responses, we asked how vapers would react to a flavour ban. 28% of respondents said there was a high possibility that they would relapse to smoking, and 71% would consider using the black market or other alternative sources to access flavours.
Responses to a predicted flavour ban, highlighted in the 2020 ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey in Canada, England and the United States, suggested that 28.3% of vapers would find a way to get the flavours they wanted and 17.1% would stop vaping and smoke instead.
Real world evidence of consumer response to a flavour ban can be found in Estonia. In 2020 Estonia banned all flavours apart from tobacco. In 2022 almost 60% of vapers continue to use fruit, sweet and dessert flavours. Products are being sourced through the black market and by DIY mixing. In response to this, the Estonia parliament voted to permit some e-liquid flavours. Denmark too has seen a huge rise in the use of black-market products. Health spokesperson Lars Boje Mathiesen believes the strict legislation [flavour ban] has created a large illegal market, because the demand for flavours is still there.
7. Bans on vaping stimulate increases in teenage smoking.
A study of a ban on flavoured vaping products in San Francisco saw a sharp rise in teen smoking compared to districts without a ban. We should not be surprised by more smoking in response to restrictions on vaping because the products are substitutes. But because the health risks of smoking are far greater than the risks from vaping, only a small diversion of teenage vapers into smoking would overwhelm any benefits of reducing teenage vaping. This is important because the public health outcome of a flavour ban is extremely sensitive to any adverse changes in smoking behaviour. These potential negative consequences should be the dominant concern of policymakers.
8. No evidence that vaping products act as “a gateway”
As part of the rationale for the proposed flavour ban, the consultation explanatory note claims that there is growing evidence that vaping products are a gateway to smoking. However, there is no evidence for this claim. The correlations between smoking and vaping that are commonly reported in studies are likely caused by ‘common liabilities.’ Meaning that young people who are predisposed to engage in risk taking behaviours such as smoking are also likely to try other things like vaping.
If there was a gateway effect then we would expect to see an increase in smoking. However, that is not happening. Instead we see a decline in smoking. In the Netherlands daily youth smoking has steadily declined, albeit slowly, from 3.1% in 2015 to 2.5% in 2021. Youth ever smoking declined from 22.8% in 2015 to 17.2% in 2021. At the same time youth ever vaping fell dramatically from a high of 34.3% in 2014 to 14.4%, and regular use has remained less than 1%.
Further evidence that use of vaping products do not act as a gateway to smoking can be found in population trends. Youth vaping peaked in the USA in 2019 at 27.5%, it has since fallen to 11.3%, during this time regular smoking among high school students fell to the lowest levels ever at <0.4%. The UK’s Action on Smoking and Health monitors trends in youth use of vaping products and combustible tobacco. It finds a slight increase in youth vaping in the last two years, while experimental and regular smoking continues to fall.
A Penn State College of Medicine study finds that vaping decreases dependence on cigarettes without increasing overall nicotine dependence.
The Netherlands has set ambitious goals to reduce smoking rates and as tobacco harm reduction advocates, we share these goals. However, we must stress that banning flavours for e-cigarettes is likely to have the opposite effect. Policymakers must be aware that flavoured vaping products are a direct competitor to smoking. Banning or severely restricting a rival product protects the cigarette trade and keeps people smoking.
A note on ETHRA’s preferred terms for products
As people with lived experience of using Safer Nicotine Products (SNPs), we generally
choose to use these terms:
-‘vapes’, ‘vaping products’ and ‘vaping’, rather than ‘e-cigarettes’ or ‘ENDS’.
-‘HTPs’ to refer to Heated Tobacco Products.
-‘Nicotine pouches’ for non-tobacco containing oral sachets.
-‘snus’ to refer to the pasteurised Scandinavian oral tobacco product, either in loose or pouch form.
 Estimate of 27 million consumers provided by ECigIntelligence/TobaccoIntelligence. The actual figure is likely to be far higher because the data for smokeless tobacco is taken from research (Leon et al 2016) using data gathered in 2010 in only 17 countries
 Kasza, K. A., Hammond, D., Gravely, S., O’Connor, R. J., Meng, G., East, K., Borland, R., Cummings, K. M., Fong, G. T., and Hyland, A. (2022) Associations between nicotine vaping uptake and cigarette smoking cessation vary by smokers’ plans to quit: Longitudinal findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys, Addiction. doi: [access]
 Lin Li, PhD, Ron Borland, PhD, Kenneth Michael Cummings, PhD, Geoffrey T Fong, PhD, Shannon Gravely, PhD, Danielle M Smith, MPH, Maciej L Goniewicz, PhD, Richard J O’Connor, PhD, Mary E Thompson, PhD, Ann McNeill, PhD, How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 23, Issue 9, September 2021, Pages 1490–1497, [access]
 A. Havermans, E.J.Z. Krüsemann, J. Pennings, et al. ‘20 000 e-liquids and 250 unique flavor descriptions: an overview of the Dutch market based on information from manufacturers’, Tobacco Control 2019. [access]
 KA Romijnders,Erna JZ Krüsemann,Sanne Boesveldt,Kees de Graaf,Hein de Vries,Reinskje Talhout.E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping:A Survey among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers,Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec; 16(23):4661 [access]
 Russell C, McKeganey N, Dickson T, Nides M. Changing patterns of first e-cigarette flavor used and current flavors used by 20,836 adult frequent e-cigarette users in the USA. Harm Reduct J. 2018 Jun 28;15(1):33 [access]
 Du P, Bascom R, Fan T, Sinharoy A, Yingst J, Mondal P, Foulds J. Changes in Flavor Preference in a Cohort of Long-Term Electronic Cigarette Users. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020 May;17(5):573-581. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201906-472OC. PMID: 31978316; PMCID: PMC7193816. [access]
 Gravely, S. et al. (2022) ‘Responses to potential nicotine vaping product flavor restrictions among regular vapers using non-tobacco flavors: Findings from the 2020 ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey in Canada, England and the United States’, Addictive Behaviors, 125, p. 107152. [access]
 Jessica Yingst, DrPH, Xi Wang, MS, Alexa A Lopez, PhD, Alison Breland, PhD, Eric Soule, PhD, Andrew Barnes, PhD, Joanna Cohen, PhD, Megan Underwood, BS, Melanie Crabtree, BS, Jonathan Foulds, PhD, Randomized Control Trial Methods Workgroup of the Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Changes in Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers Using Electronic Cigarettes to Reduce Cigarette Smoking in a Randomized Controlled Trial, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2022;, ntac153, [access]
Download our submission here
Access our submission on the consultation page

domain: health


text:
The naughty film racked up a huge £367million worth of ticket sales round the world following its February premiere.
And with demand still strong, Vue cinemas are unleashing sex-mad Christian Grey on the public once more.
A spokeswoman said: “It is a great opportunity for people who may have been tied up and missed it first time, or those who just want to see it again on the big screen.”
The adaptation of EL James’ novel, starring Dakota Johnson, 25, and Jamie Dornan, 33, is the world’s third highest grossing film this year.
It will be screened at selected Vue cinemas from next week.
Meanwhile, detectives are investigating the theft of a manuscript for EL James’s prequel to the Fifty Shades novel from publisher Random House.
Called Grey, it is due out next Thursday.

domain: news


text: This is my Baby Fur Top DK Booties knitting pattern. These lovely unisex booties are fast and easy to make. They are worked flat in any dk yarn of your choice on 3 mm needles.The knitting pattern provides full instructions for 4 sizes, XS (preemie and tiny baby), S (newborn), M (3-6 months) and L (6-9 months) and there are step by step photos to help you with the makeup. The fur trim can be knitted in any suitable leftovers from your stash. You can buy this knitting pattern here as an immediate pdf download.


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100% organic flax
“Wear something you love to brighten up your day” has been our go-to phrase for the last weeks, because we want you to feel beautiful everyday.
Cut in organic flax, GLOW dress feels like summer. The sprinkle of golden finished buttons are just to right touch of glam you will need.
Handcrafted in Organic Flax

domain: artistic


text:
Police use force to block airing of BBC documentary on India's leader
Several students were detained as police in riot gear stopped them at the gates of a college where the banned documentary was set to be screened.
|Date:||Jan. 25, 2023 11:34 AM ET|
|Link:||Read more at CBS News|
|Source:||World - CBSNews.com - cbsnews.com|
Items per page


Romanian PSL 54c Type 1 kit in Tiger Maple
Rhineland Arms classic PSL Type 1 stock has been in production since 1999.
Features of the classic Type 1:
- An adjustable cheek rest, made of medium-hard rubber
- Rubber recoil pad made of medium-hard rubber to reduce feel of recoil
- Contoured forearm for a more comfortable grip
- Locking Knobs for the cheek rest are black military style knobs and has 1″ of adjustability
- Forearm has 2 threaded inserts for a sling swivel and bi-pod mounting.
- Length of Pull (LOP) = 14.5″
- Threaded insert for attaching a swivel on the bottom rear of the stock
- Made of Tiger Maple
- All stocks are sold as sanded only and require finish sanding, staining or dye and top coat.
Left hand version is available upon request – you can add a note to us when you order it, or fill out a contact form.


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St Ruf of Avignon, first Bishop of Tortosa 64-90 AD, painting by Vicente Lopez, 1772-1850, from the Altarpiece of St Ruf of Avignon, in the Chapel of St Ruf or Capella na Justa, in the Cathedral of St Mary, designed by Benito Dalguayre in Catalan Gothic style and begun 1347 on the site of a Romanesque cathedral, consecrated 1447 and completed in 1757, Tortosa, Catalonia, Spain. The cathedral has 3 naves with chapels between the buttresses and an ambulatory with radial chapels. Picture by...
Copyright © Manuel Cohen 8.3MB


text:
Saturday, May 20, 2017
Beautiful Day: Erkan Oğur and İsmail Hakkı Demircioğlu with "Bugün Ben Bir Güzel Gördüm"
Erkan Oğur, along with İsmail Hakkı Demircioğlu, brings the random tune for today, called Bugün Ben Bir Güzel Gördüm. From Turkey, Erkan Oğur is a pioneer of fretless guitars, and invented the first fretless classical guitar. As a composer, he combines the ancient traditional sounds of Turkey with Turkish folk and classical music. He is also considered a master of the kopuz and bağlama lutes. İsmail Hakkı Demircioğlu is a Turkish bass player who has made many albums and has worked a lot with Erkan Oğur. You can find Bugün Ben Bir Güzel Gördüm on their 1998 album Gülün Kokusu Vardi.


text:
Your Service Centre - a Skybreak brand
Your Service Centre have been based in the north & south terminals at London Gatwick Airport for more than 25 years. Through Your Service Centre, Skybreak provide a professional airline and tour operator representation service.
Our role includes processing excess baggage charges, making ticket amendments / collections and the meeting and assisting passengers at the airport, who may need to make last minute travel arrangements as a result of missed or cancelled outbound flights.
- Last minute flight, hotel and transportation bookings for missed passengers
- Airline Representation Services, including collections, ticketing and disruption assistance
- Tour Operator Representation Services including flight monitoring, collections and reporting

domain: travel


text:
Despite everything you’ve ever been told, it doesn’t take much to impress a woman, especially after she has become a mother. It’s the little things that ultimately catch her eye, like swept floors, an empty dishwasher, and neatly folded laundry. But if you think doing your chores isn’t enough for your Mother’s Day celebration and you really want to blow mom away this year, forget the charm bracelet and macaroni portraits, it’s all about breakfast in bed!
Say it out loud — strawberry lemon brioche rolls with cream cheese frosting. Served warm with a big cup of dark French roast coffee and a hefty glass of mimosa, sans OJ, this breakfast is sure to put mom in a proper food coma so you can get to work scrubbing the bathroom floor.
This recipe offers the perfect balance between sweet and tart and lacks the density that’s often a characteristic of other sweet rolls. It’s also very versatile, so if strawberries aren’t your mom’s favorite then raspberries and blueberries are excellent substitutes.
If at first this recipe sounds intimidating, then good. Baking is a terrifying process and it’s a miracle we’re even able to get bags of bread at the store. But if you really love your mother, your wife, the goddess in your life, you’ll ignore these feelings of doubt and trust that the process will work in your favor. I even forgot to add the eggs into my dough the first time I baked them and they still turned out amazing. These rolls are difficult to mess up.
First and foremost, before getting started keep in mind that timing is the most important factor when executing the perfect breakfast-in-bed operation. To make these rolls you’ll need part of the evening before Mother’s Day to prep the dough and assemble the rolls. If you wait to make these the day of, then mom probably won’t be eating breakfast until noon. But maybe that’s a good thing.
Strawberry Lemon Brioche Rolls
3½ to 4 cups all-purpose flour
¼ teaspoon cardamom
¼ teaspoon cinnamon
½ teaspoon kosher salt
1 tablespoon instant yeast
¾ cup warm milk (about 30-40 seconds in microwave)
2 tablespoons honey
3 large eggs, at room temperature
½ cup (1 stick) of salted butter, melted
2 to 3 tablespoon of lemon zest (2 to 3 lemons)
¾ cup of granulated sugar
6 tablespoons of salted butter, softened plus more for greasing pan
4 cups of fresh or frozen strawberries (I used 3 cups of frozen and 1 cup of fresh)
Cream Cheese Frosting
1 stick of salted butter, softened
8 ounces of cream cheese (softened)
1½ teaspoons of vanilla extract
3 cups powdered sugar (sifted)
Start the Day Before
In a mixer bowl combine 3½ cups of flour, cardamom, cinnamon, salt, yeast, warmed milk, honey, eggs, melted butter and 1 tablespoon of lemon zest. With dough hook attachment mix ingredients for 4 to 5 minutes, occasionally stopping the mixer to scrape side of bowl. The consistency of the dough should be sticky but not wet; add 1 tablespoon of flour at a time until dough reaches this consistency.
After all dough is mixed thoroughly, cover the bowl with plastic wrap and set in a warm place to rise for an hour or until it doubles in size.
In a small bowl mix the ¾ cup of granulated sugar and remaining lemon zest. Prepare a 9-inch by 13-inch baking dish by greasing it with butter. If you’re using frozen berries, allow them to thaw and drain the excess juice.
When the dough has doubled in size, lightly dust your work surface with flour and turn out the dough. No need to knead, just use a rolling pin to stretch it out into a 10-inch by 16-inch rectangle.
Take the 6 tablespoons of softened butter (15 seconds in the microwave gets it just right) and spread it onto the surface of the dough with a rubber spatula. Sprinkle the lemon zest sugar mix onto the surface and press gently into the butter. Sprinkle the 3 cups of berries.
After your filling has been liberally applied to the dough, it’s time to roll. Take it slow and keep it tight along the 16-inch edge. Using a sharp knife, divide the log into 12 to 15 even pieces. Place each piece into the greased pan. The rolls will be a little slimy and want to fall apart, but don’t worry, once they’re in the pan they will hold their form. Cover the pan with plastic wrap and place in the fridge overnight. Leave a stick of butter out of the fridge for the frosting in the morning.
Make sure all the dishes are done before you go to bed.
In the morning take the pan of rolls out of the fridge and preheat the oven to 375. Bake rolls for 20 to 25 minutes or until golden brown. While the rolls bake, make the frosting.
In the mixer with the whisk attached, cream the stick of butter you left out overnight. You may have to stop the mixer a few times to scrape the sides of the bowl. After a few minutes of beating the butter, add the 8 ounces of cream cheese (note: take the cream cheese out of the fridge the same time as the rolls to let it soften). Continue mixing and scraping the bowl until the cream cheese and butter are a creamy consistency. It’s very important to get it as creamy as possible.
With the mixer running, add the vanilla extract and slowly spoon in the sifted powdered sugar. Stop the mixer and scrape the sides when the powdered sugar builds up.
After the rolls are finished baking, let them sit for 15 minutes to cool before spreading the frosting. Add fresh berries on the top and serve to mom right away! (Don’t forget the mimosa.)
This recipe is an adaptation based on “Raspberry Lemon Brioche Rolls with Whipped Ricotta Cream” published on the blog halfbakedharvest.com
UNDERWRITTEN BY NEWSMATCH/MIAMI FOUNDATION, THE ANGEL GUILD, ROTARY CLUB OF GIG HARBOR, ADVERTISERS, DONORS AND PEOPLE WHO SUPPORT LOCAL, INDEPENDENT NONPROFIT NEWS

domain: food


BRONZEVILLE — Business was brisk during the lunch rush at Miller Pizza, so much so that patrons stood nearly shoulder to shoulder in line for slices of deep dish.
And with the shutdown of the CTA Red Line just days away, business might be improving.
That’s because stores like Miller Pizza and Mother Butters Popcorn and Confectionery next door are situated on a stretch of 35th Street between two "L" stops — the CTA Green Line 35th/Bronzeville/IIT stop and the soon-to-be-closed Red Line Sox/35th stop.
When the Sox station shutters on Sunday, many commuters looking to get to U.S. Cellular Field or neighborhoods west of the Dan Ryan Expressway will be boarding trains exiting at the 35th Street Green Line station and walking right past the pizzeria, popcorn shop and chain stores on their way to the ballpark or back home.
“We welcome the Red Line shutdown for the foot traffic,” said Rod Miller, owner of the lunch counter at 17 W. 35th St. “We get you in and get you out.”
Miller, of University Park, recommends customers in a hurry call ahead or use the online ordering function of the pizzeria’s website.
Tim Donnelly, co-owner of the Mother Butters popcorn shop, said the timing Red Line reconstruction is fortuitous.
Business at the 5-year-old storefront, which sells gourmet popcorn, candy and homemade fudge, typically winds down in the summer, when classes dismiss at nearby Illinois Institute of Technology.
“People think summer is the best season for us but it’s not,” said Donnelly, 42, of Pilsen. “This will be a good opportunity to find more customers.”
Donnelly, who runs the store with his wife, Jennifer, is hoping those prospective new customers become repeat visitors when the Red Line reconstruction ends in the fall — transportation officials say it'll be mid mid-October — and the Sox stop reopens.
“Maybe they’ll walk down and visit us again,” he said.


Embrace the power of nature.
A closed-loop production process
Seacell is produced using this eco-friendly process. A closed loop production method that works with nature and during which no chemicals are released as waste. The fibers are made from eco-friendly, low resource, and 100% biodegradable natural materials. That is why this process won the Process Innovation award at the European Business Awards for the Environment.
Made from Seaweed
Our fabric is made from organic brown algae and Tencel Lyocell (eucalyptus and beech trees)
Esme underwear is consciously created in Portugal
The knitting to dyeing to cutting to sewing and everything in between-- it's all done in the same vicinity in Portugal to not only fully support the community there but to also keep footprint low due to proximity of facilities. The seaweed for the seaweed fiber (made from brown algae), is harvested sustainably and regeneratively in the Icelandic Fjords.
Esme underwear is made up of Organic Brown Algae, Beech Trees, Eucalyptus Trees, and Elastane.
The organic brown algae is harvested above the regenerative part of the plant to encourage it to continue growing. The brown algae is dried naturally and chemical treatment is not involved. The resources used to produce SeaCell is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
Eucalyptus trees grow quickly, do not need pesticides or irrigation, and can be grown on land that is not fit to grow food. It goes through a non-toxic production process that can use half as much water as cotton production does.
Our packaging was carefully designed to align with Esme’s focus on sustainability.
Our packaging is plastic-free, biodegradable, and compostable.


text:
PEAK´s architectural redesign and the conceptual idea result from the necessity to revitalise an empty office building. The design consciously avoids copying the existing architecture. The façade elements, the landscape architecture and the expressive design of the lobbies represent stylistic inconsistency nevertheless corresponding as a whole with the original building.
This project is based on the intriguing concept that existing and new architecture can be intelligently combined with each other. Here, the concept of revitalising this office building through structural and design elements has been implemented in a sensitive fashion and with a fine sense of aesthetics.
PEAK – a combination of new and existing architecture
Architecture faces a challenge nowadays, rare building sites, outdated structures and the necessity to act ecological and economical.
PEAK´s architectural redesign and the conceptual idea result from the necessity to revitalise an empty office building. The object, located in Munich-Neuperlach and built in the 1990s, was adequate to its functions and the former tenants not an architectural highlight. After years of vacancy there was only an abandoned and depressing setting. The new design consciously avoids copying the existing architecture. The facade elements, the landscape architecture and the expressive design of the lobbies represent stylistic inconsistency corresponding as a whole with the original building nevertheless. The link between reorganisation and design answers the question how to create urbanity in these days.
Façade and Lobbies
New striking façade elements mark the entrances and parts of the front. The building´s face changes completely and a new identity is born. The expressive architectural vocabulary is also part of the lobbies´ interior design. The extended two storey lobby is composed of expressive forms, light lines and oversized window elements. The lobby design mark another contradiction to the existing building.
The central court and two patios received a restructuring and redesign. New passages, new visual axes and the dismantling of parking lots create a new quality of stay.


The Pension Committee
The Committee oversees the management and investment of the Powys County Council Pension Fund.
The members of the Committee include representatives of participating employers and members.
The current Committee members are:
County Councillor Peter E Lewis (Chair)
County Councillor Arwel Jones (V. Chair)
County Councillor Col. Tim Van Rees
County Councillor Huw Williams
County Councillor Aled W Davies (Portfolio Holder for Finance)
County Councillor John Morris
Mr Martin Weale (Scheme Employer Representative)
Member Representative (Vacant)


Posted on October 19, 2017
For Congressional Republicans, a late winter and early spring of small hiccups turned into a summer of bigger roadblocks. Now, just days into fall, spectacular failure looms.
At the center of all this stumbling is the impossible-to-undo Obamacare, or the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Senate and House Republicans have tried mightily to deliver on their ACA […]
Posted on April 12, 2017
If only Julius Caesar had listened to the soothsayer who, in plain Latin, warned him, “Beware of the Ides of March.” Instead, the powerful, arrogant Roman tweeted, er, complained, “He is a Dreamer, let us leave him.”
And leave Caesar did—forever—on the Ides of March 44 B.C.
Someone should have given American farmers, ranchers, and rural residents […]
Posted on March 2, 2017
After years of angry opposition, fiery speeches, and showy, going-nowhere votes, Congressional Republicans finally clenched their angry, shaking hands on the throat of the Affordable Care Act—Obamacare—as the Senate, then the House, voted to repeal the 2010 law one week before Donald J. Trump was sworn in as president.
Well, that’s the alternative reality of what […]


Over-water developmental tests of the Customs and Border Protection’s (CBP) first Guardian UAV at Point Mugu Naval Air Station, Calif., were completed on Feb. 11 after “a flawless 8-hr. flight”. In light of this success, all back-up flights previously scheduled have been canceled and General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI) crews are currently preparing the aircraft for transit to Florida, with an expected arrival date of Feb. 22 and first-flight date of Feb. 25.
The prototype maritime variant, distinguished by a belly-mounted APS-134 SeaVue surveillance radar, is aimed at drug traffic-monitoring. The radar provides inverse synthetic aperture and synthetic aperture imaging as well as weather and target detection and search-and-rescue transponder modes. The UAV will be used initially by CBP in partnership with the U.S. Coast Guard to test its reconnaissance, surveillance and targeting acquisition capabilities in coastal waters. CBP says the Guardian will eventually support joint counter-narcotics operations against drug-running “fast boats” and difficult-to-detect semi-submersible craft.
With a second vehicle due for delivery for trials next month, GA-ASI is optimistic additional Guardian systems can follow the initial deployment. CBP has a strategic plan for up to 18 Predator-type vehicles, of which at least six will be for maritime missions.


text:
Relief of an Aged Courtier
Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art
On View: 19th Dynasty to Roman Period, Martha A. and Robert S. Rubin Gallery, 3rd Floor
Unlike Egyptian sculpture, both Egyptian reliefs and paintings rarely depict elderly persons. This very exceptional relief shows an unknown man in full maturity with a marked furrow from his nose to his lips, a double chin, prominent collarbones, a bulging Adam's apple, sagging pectoral muscles, and deeply lined paIms. Most unusual is the pronounced vein or artery in his extended forearm. This remarkable naturalism is a legacy of the Amarna Period. The style of the wig is indicative of the date.
ca. 1336-1250 B.C.E.
late Dynasty 18 to early Dynasty 19
5 11/16 x 12 5/16 in. (14.4 x 31.3 cm) (show scale)
Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund
Oblong limestone relief. In sunk relief head and bust of man facing left. Left arm outstretched with hand and forearm frontal, thumb in perspective. Realistic, elderly face with elaborate wig. Vertical bar (support of a canopy?) behind man; remains of hieroglyphs and unidentified object at top edge.
Condition: Poor. Entire stone heavily saturated with salts. Some of surface has been lost. Portions of face flaking. All edges very soft. Top edge of relief has been cut in modern times.
Relief of an Aged Courtier, ca. 1336-1250 B.C.E. Limestone, 5 11/16 x 12 5/16 in. (14.4 x 31.3 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 47.120.1. Creative Commons-BY (Photo: Brooklyn Museum, 47.120.1_SL1.jpg)
overall, 47.120.1_SL1.jpg. Brooklyn Museum photograph
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text:
Sometimes plans just come together, Drunken fits of hunger can only be quenched by Gigantic Pizza. To top it off singing the 2001 space odyssey music just makes the video. What you do not see in this video is Ricky Rich trying to play the song on his computer, but all you hear is, “Ding” “Ding” “Shit” “Ding”. For some unknown reason, maybe the booze, Ricky could not make it happen, but Tony Batman and Sackie made due with the music.
PS: Tony Should know I would never add the music later!


text:
US Ambassador John Bolton Warns Israel of Fleeting Chance to Strike Iranian Nuclear Reactor
Israel has only mere days to launch an attack on Iran’s Bushehr nuclear reactor if Russia makes good on its plan to deliver fuel there this weekend, former US ambassador to the UN John Bolton warned Tuesday.
He said that once Russia has loaded the fuel into the reactor -- slated for Saturday – Israel would no longer be willing to strike for fear of triggering widespread radiation in an attack.
Israel has until the weekend to launch a military strike on Iran's first nuclear plant before the humanitarian risk of an attack becomes too great, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations John Bolton said Tuesday.
A Russian company is expected to help Iran start loading nuclear fuel into its plant on Saturday, after which an attack on the Bushehr reactor could trigger harmful radiation, which Israel wants to avoid, Bolton said. So unless the Israelis act immediately to shut down the facility, it will be too late.


text:
- The two office buildings adjoin Brookfield Place
- 36 Carrington Street has 100% occupancy
- CBRE and CI expect interest from a range of high net worth investors
As buyers circle Sydney CBD investment opportunities, neighbouring Carrington Street office buildings have been listed for sale with the $2 billion Brookfield Place development.
The builds are being offered either together or individually. The sales campaign is expected to generate significant interest from local and offshore high net worth investors.
No price range has been disclosed.
Refurbished boutique offerings luring in tenants
Harry George, Danny Shi and High Thompson of CBRE, and CI’s Mike Stokes, John Bowie Wilson and Shirley Fan have been appointed by Brookfield to market 32 and 36 Carrington Street, which directly adjoins Brookfield Place.
“These are two of the finest examples of refurbished boutique office buildings in Australia,” noted Mr George.
“More than $26 million has been invested in substantial building upgrades, delivering workspaces typically associated with premium-grade buildings.”
Mr George noted that 44% of 36 Carrington Street has been leased in recent months, taking occupancy to 100%.
“The buildings also offer strong ESG credentials and line up against HNWI wish list requirements for fully upgraded, freehold assets with attractive weighted average lease expiry (WALE) profiles and a strong market presence.”
“Only one building in this price range has traded in the Sydney CBD core in the past three years, highlighting the scarcity of investment opportunities in this category.”
Occupiers across the two buildings include software producer Alfa, national design-build firm Inscape Projects, rental housing expert Greystar, commercial and industrial energy retailer Smartest Energy and Airservices Australia.
Both of the buildings offer new foyers with new end-of-trip facilities. Both are capitalising on the revitalised Wynard precinct and have strong connectivity via the Wyrnard rail and bus interchange.
36 Carrington St, the larger of the two, offers 2,874sqm of lower ground and ground floor retail. The upper level has office space over 10 floors, while 32 Carrington Street homes 2,128 sqm of character office and retail space.
The weighted average lease expiry is 4.7 years in 32 Carrington Street to 4.3 years for 36 Carrington Street.
Presently, rentals range up to $1,220 sqm net – a rate that is comparable with prime grade office buildings in the Sydney CBD.
CI’s John Bowie Wilson said the sale campaign coincided with ongoing investor interest in the Sydney office market, one which is sought-after globally.
“These buildings will be regarded as trophy assets by Asian-based purchasers, who have a strong appetite for quality Australian commercial properties in core CBD locations,” he said.
The international expressions of interest campaign will launch within the coming weeks, with a closing date of May 26.

domain: finance


dcbel Inc. (www.dcbel.energy) is a growing company operating in multiple countries striving to develop technology and design products that will make clean, efficient and sustainable energy accessible to all — because everyone in the world deserves energy without compromise.
Our flagship product, the dcbel home energy station, is a small wall mounted device that gives everyone ownership over their energy supply by using solar power to charge their EV and home, unlocking their EV’s battery for backup power (V2H), and optimizing the energy flow between their solar panels, EVs, backup battery and the grid.
ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
- Develop dcbel brand awareness across the earned media channels (targeted press mentions, bloggers, social influencers, etc)
- Design the media relations playbook and lead the execution of media activities
- Oversee all media outreach, including product launches, partnerships, and company news
- Oversee the creation and execution of highly effective, engaging consumer PR strategies
- Oversee all executive speaking opportunities and panel participation
- Lead internal interview and speaking training amongst key executives
- Oversee media relationships with partner agencies.
- Serve as primary point-of-contact for inbound and outbound media activity
- Maintain an up-to-date media list and create new media relationships
- Offer media a respected, knowledgeable, timely, day-to-day contact
- Build PR toolkits to be adapted and leveraged across the globe
- Monitor and track external communications results
- Analyze results for trends and areas of opportunity
QUALIFICATIONS AND EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS
- Bachelor’s degree in communication, marketing or related field to the job
- 5+ years of relevant Public Relations experience
- Must possess excellent oral, written and interpersonal communication skills with strong writing and editorial abilities in English.
- Highly organized with the ability to multitask
- Working knowledge of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel, internet, wire services, media monitoring software, and other public relation tools.
- Must be able to meet tight deadlines and execute flawlessly on projects in a fast-paced, often pressured environment and see a project through to completion.
- Strong work ethic, hands on approach, high attention to detail
What's in it for you:
- Be part of a company that is backed by many globally respected investors and has world-changing patents in an industry changing for the first time in history;
- Grow your professional experience amongst blue chip partners and a close-knit team of committed and experienced experts who deeply care about the work they do;
- Health insurance and flexible hours;


text:
First of all, I have a complaint to make. This is the second book in the Stinkbomb and Ketchup-Face series, and the next one isn't out till JANUARY! My grandson whisked the first one away before I got chance to review it. Now we’ve just read this one together – but we’ve got MONTHS to wait before the next. John Dougherty, I hope you’re hard at work on the fourth. And fifth, and sixth…
I had actually read the first one, Stinkbomb and Ketchup-Face and the Badness of Badgers, before it disappeared, but that was several months ago and I've read a lot of books since and, in all honesty, I couldn’t remember all that much about it. But there was no need to worry. Oskar had loved it, and he remembered everything. So here goes.
SB and his little sister KF live on the Isle of Kerfuffle, along with King Toothbrush Weasel and his army, which consists of Malcolm the Cat, and various other eccentric characters. (Their parents conveniently disappear when there’s a story going on.) If you noted the title, you will realise that the villains of the first book are a troop of exceedingly bad badgers. SB and KF triumph over them and they are cast into jail – but at the beginning of the second book, whilst playing Monopoly, the badgers discover a 'Get Out Of Jail' card, which they promptly use – so horrors! Once again, they are free to plan evil and wicked things, to do EVILLY and WICKEDLY.
SB and KF soon realise what has happened and determine that once again, they must defend Kerfuffle against the badgers. Fortunately, they meet a whole bunch of characters, brilliantly illustrated by David Tazzyman, who help them in their task. My favourite is the amazing Ninja Librarian, who has magic powers and also a very sharp sword, which she threatens to use to chop the heads off anyone who misbehaves in her library. She helps SB and KF to research what they must do to defeat the badgers: it involves catching a number 36 bus (which has an amiably dim – but very jolly – driver called Mr Jolly) which will take them on their quest to find the Magic Porcupine.
The story rollicks along – you never have a clue what’s going to happen next. But the best thing about it is that it’s so funny: Oskar was chortling out loud on every page. There are quirky, anarchic characters and excellent baddies. But there’s something else interesting going on: John Dougherty plays about with the conventions of a book. He does interesting things with typefaces. He tells you that SB and KF will have to wait till page 55 to find out what their quest will be – and then has the characters whiling away the time and the pages till they get there. He subverts expectations – notably with the arrival on the scene at the end of a chapter of a fearsome shark - who actually turns out to be a great help. And he reminds you all the time that this isn't real life, but a book. I’m sure there’s a proper term for this (meta-something?) but I don’t know what it is. I thought it might be a bit of a problem for a young reader, but far from it – Oskar was intrigued by and really enjoyed this aspect of the book.
So, a great hit. Right up at the top of Oskar’s personal chart, in fact. We can’t wait for the next one!
Return to REVIEWS HOMEPAGE

domain: literature


text:
Ruffled Midi-Dress 💞 $32.99
That Color Block - This dress just screams summer. With bright summer colors and perfect length for any occasion. Don't forget to layer with on of our new denim jackets to instantly dresses up your look. Fits true to size.
- Size(s): Small, Medium, Large, XL, 2X, 3X
- Color(s): AS IS
- Brand: Heimish
- Delaney is 5'3" and is wearing a small.

domain: design


text:
Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP)'s former Chairperson Ali Waheed, who recently joined Jumhooree Party (JP), is running for the party's presidency.
Ali Waheed, who is in self exile abroad, sent a letter to the secretary general of JP, Ahmed Sameer, in which he revealed his decision to run for the party's presidency. Waheed declared that he plans to take Jumhooree Party to new heights.
Currently Ali Waheed is an adviser to the current JP leader and founder, Qasim Ibrahim.
While JP is the third party he is joining, he kicked off his political career beside former President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom in Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (DRP).
Afterwards he had moved onto MDP, where he took up the role of the party's chairperson.
Ali Waheed had been a leading member of both MDP and DRP.
In the upcoming congress of JP, several important changes will be brought to the running of the party. In addition to this, voting for important party posts such as the president and vice president will take place during the congress.


text:
By nature, all of our instruments are one of a kind and feature exotic hardwoods, hand-picked for visual beauty and acoustic excellence. We find that each combination of wood color and figure gives the instruments their own distinctive character.
The Geo Bones or "Geo" features dozens of custom tunings with its 9 note design. Each of these compositions can take the player and listener on a wonderful musical adventure; some energetic, some tropical, some soothingly meditative.
We consider the Geo Bones our “entry-level” musician or music-lovers drum. With 9 notes, it has capacity for a wider array of melodic compositions than our Peaks model. The Geo is a great instrument for musical exploration, regardless of experience.
Can't find what you're looking for? Contact us! We're constantly adding to our inventory, and we'd love to work with you to create a drum you love.
Prices below vary with the materials selected and with their visual and acoustic character.


text:
Our list of the 10 biggest technology failures includes a few that weren't all bad. In fact, some were quite good but were either too far ahead of their time or victims of overblown expectations. Others, of course, were downright lousy.
In 1993, Apple hyped its Newton PDA as only Apple can, with clever advertising and relentless word-of-mouth campaigns. While the device's physical size was gargantuan by today's standards, it was full of features, such as personal information management and add-on storage slots, which remain essential parts of today's mobile devices.
So, why did the Newton flop? One reason was the ridicule heaped on it by talk show comedians and comic strips (most notably "Doonesbury"), which focused on the supposed inaccuracy of the handwriting recognition.
Also, the Newton was expensive - about US$700 for the first model and as much as $1,000 for later, more advanced models. In addition, the Newton was arguably ahead of its time.
Still, before it faded away in 1998, Newton paved the way for PDAs, which led, in turn, to today's smart phones - in particular, the smaller, cheaper PalmPilot, which was released in 1995 and became a runaway success.
To clarify, the official name of Apple's product was the MessagePad; Newton was really the name of the operating system. But Newton captured the public's imagination, so that's what the device was popularly called.
Presaging our current era of Netflix and downloadable movies, DIVX (not to be confused with DiVX, the video codec) flashed brightly in the late '90s, then flamed out. The idea, hatched by electronics retailer Circuit City, was interesting - customers could rent movies on DIVX discs that they could keep and watch for two days. Then users would toss or recycle the discs, or pay a continuation fee to keep viewing them.
The DIVX discs were to be priced competitively with video store rental fees, with the added benefit of not having to be returned. All that was required was a DIVX player, which Circuit City would be happy to sell you, and the movie discs, which Circuit City also would be happy to sell you.
Hardware vendors went along for a while but weren't overly enthusiastic, since the DVD format, for which they also were manufacturing players, was starting to gain traction at the time. And the video rental industry fought the concept tooth and nail, loudly proclaiming the benefits of the DVD format, which they called "Open DVD", over DIVX.
Consumers did not warm to the scheme either, fearing that DIVX vs. DVD could turn into another costly Betamax versus VHS debacle. DIVX died a rapid death - it was launched in 1998 and was pretty much sunk by the middle of 1999, leaving some people with worthless equipment - although vendors did offer a $100 refund for those who had bought a DIVX player. Still, left behind were lots of bad feelings about yet another bright idea that had flopped.

domain: history


text:
February 25th, 2017
Our next regular meeting will be Saturday February 25th. We’ll be meeting at The Library Center 4653 S Campbell Ave, Springfield, MO 65810.
This months demonstration will be done by Doug Thompson of Thompson Lathe Tools.
This months Club Challenge is “Birdhouse.”
As always, we’ll start to gather at 9:30 am and get the official meeting started at 10 am.
Be sure to bring back any items that you have borrowed from the Library and be prepared for a great raffle with some nice items as well as plenty of wood in the club Co-op.


text:
A boy who has big dreams of entering the fashion industry as a stylist is on his way to his very first big fashion show. A big fashion show at New York Fashion Week. He has flown all the way from Sydney, Australia to NYFW because he was under the impression that he got an invitation from an emerging designer.He wasn’t going to turn this invitation down. This was his chance. A chance to open big doors. He has been waiting awhile for this day. Getting off the subway he hurries a little so he isn’t too late. He is eager. Keen.
He arrives at where the show will be held. He is dressed to the nines. Anorak, white collared shirt with a leather bowtie, black jeggings and studded combat boots. He has never felt so fierce in his life ever. The excitement and the anticipation he cannot hold in as he blurts his name to the PR girl in charge of the list.
They cannot find his name. He repeats it again slowly. Again they say “no. Im sorry I can’t find it on the list”. He produces the invite and the email. They look at it. Then they tell him to stand and wait, they might be able to get him a ‘standing’ position. He waits for half-an-hour as other fashionistas present their invites and get let in. They give him once over looks and some snigger. The confidence he was wearing half-an-hour ago is faded and fashion vulture-eaten.
Dejected, he realises that they won’t even give him a standing position. So he leaves and bites his lip. The big dream of seeing the shows falls out of his Longchamp bag and falls into the gutter.
THIS WAS HOW I WAS TREATED BY THE YIGAL AZROUEL PR COMPANY.


text:
by Mike Masnick
Tue, Aug 4th 2009 12:57am
On Friday, we wrote about how an artist's estate was going after a small town in Michigan, for daring to have a "Little Mermaid" statue to play up many of the town's Danish ancestors. There's a famous Little Mermaid statue in Denmark, and the artist's estate (the artist died fifty years ago) apparently thinks all such statues infringe on its copyright (even though this statue was very different). However, in our comments over the weekend Christopher alerted us to the news that the estate had withdrawn the copyright infringement claim, apparently citing the publicity as the reason. Apparently, being a copyright bully can have a bit of a backlash...
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The development of conceptual framework of zoning as a tool of reducing regional disparities
Thus article is devoted to the conceptual framework of district division as a tool of reducing regional disparities. The author emphasizes the importance of studying the category of "vertically-integrated federalism" in Russian conditions.
Технологии ресурсной типологизации в ...
Local features of regional difference in the modern Ukraine
This paper attempts to analyse the existing regional disparities with the help of the proposed population and territory performance indices. A regional analysis is carried out on the basis of index calculations; certain territorial groups of regions are identified. The author examines the state regional ...


text:
The latest addition to Royal Vegas Casino’sprestigious Gold range of online table games triples both action and reward opportunities.
The first impression of Royal Vegas Casinos newest table game, TRIPLE ACTION HOLD ‘EM BONUS POKER, confirms that it is rightfully an addition to our special Gold Series of superbly designed, innovative and beautifully presented offerings. Created to the highest standards technology allows, the new arrival gives the player smooth gameplay and unprecedented quality and realism.
This is a single player game, which uses a special deck of 28 cards composed of Eights, Nines, Tens, Jacks, Queens, Kings and Aces.
In Triple action hold ’em bonus poker the player competes against the house dealer. More opportunity is presented in an additional Ante Bonus – the Extra Ante Reward – which is paid on the Ante bet for any player hand that is a Full House or better, regardless of whether the Dealer qualifies or the Dealer hand outranks the player hand.
Despite its sophisticated appearance, Triple Action Hold ‘Em Bonus Poker is a relatively easy game to master, and the virtual felt carries easily referenced player guides on the rules of the game. These allow for 2 side Bets, an optional Bonus bet and an optional Flop bet.
Triple Action Hold ‘Em Poker Goldgives rewards achievable in this magnificent example of online gambling entertainment are 5 200.00 on the Main Bet, 500.00 on the Flop Side Bet and up to 5 000.00 on the Bonus Side Bet.
The goal of the designers on this innovative game was to provide entertaining action on a platform of precision animation, digital sound, pinpoint graphics and imaginative player views to deliver a truly realistic player experience.
Take the player seat at the elegant, burr walnut framed table on this latest evolution in Internet gaming with a real chance to use skill and good cards to win big. Playing Texas Hand Hold ‘Em Bonus Poker Gold is a special Internet experience not to be missed – (Launching in March 2010 at Royal Vegas Casino.)

domain: entertainment


Interdigitated Array (IDA) electrode is an electrode developed for electrochemical measurements to be performed in a very small quantity of the sample. IDA electrode could be applied for the detection and reaction analysis of the compounds in a small quantity of the sample. IDA electrode is a microelectrode pattern fabricated by using the lithography technology. The Electrodes are composed of 65 pairs. In each one of the pair has a function of the oxidation and reduction electrodes.
- Redox cycle
- Line up
・Very small sample quantity for EC measurement
・Small and integrated
・Electrochemical measurement electrode
・Bio-sensor and chemical sensor electrode
・Chemically modified electrode
・Chemical reaction parameter monitoring electrode
CV measurement using Interdigitated Array Electrodes
IDA Electrode is a pair of band electrode combined and meshes with each other as a generator electrode and collector electrode, therefore it is possible to make an electrochemical redox cycle upon the electrode as showed in figure.
By occurring the redox cycle on electrode increasing electrolysis current to raise measurement sensitivity. In experiment using common electrodes to analyze a small quantity of sample solution, the sample will consumed and exhausted due to electrolysis. However using this Interdigitated array electrode, the oxidation-reduction reaction occur repeatedly so the sample solution will not exhausted.
The voltammograms of ferrocene samples ((a),(c): 10 µL , (b),(d): 0.2 µL) using IDA electrode ((a),(b): Dual mode; (c),(d): Single Mode) are shown below. As they indicate, measuring mode makes obvious difference on their responses. Dual mode (a),(b) reinforce reduction current at collector electrodes with increase of oxidation current at generator electrodes, in addition, the current value is not affected by the sample volume, only depends on the concentration of the sample. At the measurement (d), comparing with (ｃ), the current response is scarcely obtained, because the sample was consumed during the experiment, indicating that electrode response current of single mode is greatly dependent on the amount of sample solution.
|adhesive layer - passivation membrane thickness|
|Ti||approximately 10 nm
（∗only for Au and Pt）
|passivation membrane||about 1 μm|
IDA electrode expanded diagram
|Catalog No.||Description||Width (µm)||Interval (µm)||Length (mm)||Number of feet (pairs)||Film thickness|
|012125||IDA electrode (Au)||10||5||2||65||90 nm∗|
|012126||IDA electrode (Pt)||10||5||2||65||90 nm∗|
|012127||IDA electrode (Carbon)||10||5||2||65||1.2 +/- 0.1 µm|
|012128||IDA electrode (ITO)||10||5||2||65||100 +/- 20 nm|
|012129||IDA electrode (Au)||3||3||2||65||90 nm∗|
|012130||IDA electrode (Pt)||3||3||2||65||90 nm∗|
|012257||IDA electrode (Au)||2||2||2||65||90 nm∗|
|012258||IDA electrode (Pt)||2||2||2||65||90 nm∗|
|w/o passivation membrane|
|012259||IDA electrode (Au) without passivation membrane||10||5||2.5||65||90 nm∗|
|012262||IDA electrode (Pt) without passivation membrane||10||5||2.5||65||90 nm∗|
|012266||IDA electrode (Carbon) without passivation membrane||10||5||2.5||65||1.2 +/- 0.1 µm|
|012265||IDA electrode (ITO) without passivation membrane||10||5||2.5||65||100 +/- 20 nm|
|012260||IDA electrode (Au) without passivation membrane||3||3||2.5||65||90 nm∗|
|012263||IDA electrode (Pt) without passivation membrane||3||3||2.5||65||90 nm∗|
|012261||IDA electrode (Au) without passivation membrane||2||2||2.5||65||90 nm∗|
|012264||IDA electrode (Pt) without passivation membrane||2||2||2.5||65||90 nm∗|
|011066||Cable kit for IDA electrode|
|011464||Ag/AgCl Ink for reference electrode (2.0 mL)|
∗ For Au and Pt, the thickness of the titanium adhesive layer is about 10 nm, resulting in a total thickness of 100 nm.
The handling of until measurement
For the high-sensitivity detection by redox cycle using IDA electrode, dual potentiostat is required.
In addition, CS-3A Cell stand to reduce the noise, and the coating of the reference electrode portion to have the stable reference potential, applying such as silver-silver chloride ink, are recommended.
Handling precautions of IDA electrode
The IDA electrode is a very sensitive product. Here, some advice for the preservation and handling of IDA electrode will be described.
Attention for receiving the product
After receiving the product, it is recommended to test the insulation between the working electrodes using a tester.
Attention for opening the package
- When you will take out the electrode from the package, catch with the fingers at the edge of the glass substrate or pinch the glass plate carefully with tweezers. Glass substrate could break easily, so keep away from excessive force and strain.
- Do not touch the pattern area of the electrode directly. If you touch the pattern area, it could be peeled or break out.
Attention for cleaning before use
- Do not clean in ultrasonic cleaner.
- Do not clean the electrode with strong acid or base solution.
- Do not clean in ozone cleaner.
- Do not scratch the electrode surface to avoid the pattern area conductivity break down.
- If you want to clean the electrode with organic solvent, only rinse with acetone or ethanol. Do not immerse the electrode in an organic solvent for long time to avoid peeling of the electrode pattern and passivation membrane.
Attention in measurement
- The electrode can not be used in high and low temperature.
- Do not use the electrode in strong acid or base solution.
- Do not apply excessive oxidation or reduction potential.
- Physical or chemical modification of the electrode will be for your own responsibility. We do not guarantee the electrode characteristics after modification.
- This electrode is assumed as disposable. Reuse of the electrode is not recommended.
Attention in storage
If long-term storage, put the electrode in the case. Store the case in clean space such as desiccator, away from heat and moisture.
Any defects in the appearance (ex: pinhole on lead area, burr of glass) without any influence to the measurement, are not covered under warranty.