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In my heart I will always have a place for the United States of America, its a place that's given me a lot that I can be thankful for. Enough of me, I want to share some of the top places that I know you should visit! From coast to coast, America welcomes the world to experience its many personalities that encompass the fifty states and overseas territories. Ready?
La isla del encanto esta esperando! Puerto Rico is now! Leave the mainland behind you to experience a hearty serving of Puerto Rican culture? Step back in time, choose Old San Juan for a relaxing break to embrace the breathtaking colonial Spanish architecture, now that wasn't a question! I chose the cobbled streets of Old San Juan to relax and to see the castle forts that were fortified by the Spanish. Hostel like a true backpacker just like I did, it won't cost you the earth either! Both Castillo San Felipe del Morro and Castillo de San Cristobal stand strong meaning business, protecting the rich port from invaders these fortification's are part of the U.S National Park Service. Learn your history? Why Puerto Rico? It's a part of the U.S.A so if you only hold an ESTA its no problem to entry any one of Puerto Rico's ports of entry from the U.S mainland. You know that Puerto Rico does it better! Dios Mio!
Trade the fast food for a meal at Cafe Puerto Rico! It's a must do, would I tell a lie? Choose a Mofongo with chicken that's served with a rich garlic sauce, a Mofongo is made from plantain so its filling and packed with flavour! Boricua's are proud of their heritage and love to express their allegiance to their island of Puerto Rico! I couldn't drive when I visited PR but I went on a day trip from Old San Juan to the El Yunque National Rainforest and Luquillo Beach. The rainforest transported me to a tropical oasis, reinforcing the hidden beauty of Puerto Rico! To conclude the trip a rest stop at Luquillo Beach where the Caribbean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean, it was a magical time relaxing on the golden sands in the sun with a ice cold Daiquiri in hand, I loved it! You can be in a state of pure bliss to?! Puerto Rico has attitude, brush up on your Spanish because English isn't the first language so some things can get lost in translation. Be enchanted by the beautiful island of PR!
New York City boy! The city streets might be tough but feel the deal because its so real! From Downtown to Central Park I beg you to look closer, between the lines to capture the true essence of NYC! Chinatown NYC doesn't throw shade, she just knows that she is fierce. I'm down for a Broadway show like the West End but I suggest you take the 4,5 or 6 train to the Bronx. The New York Yankees play their game with heart so I would rather applaud that show than a 47th street musical. NYC could be the queen of your dreams?! Taking solace from the struggle immigrants went through at Ellis Island meets the perfect opportunity to meet the Lady of Liberty. During my time in New York City I left my worries in Jersey because NYC was my playground. New York City serves Royal Highness! It's crazy to think that NYC is only a six hour flight from England, breaking away for a long weekend is so easy.
Do you want that Empire State of Mind? On a clear day its best to appreciate the view from the top of New York's Empire State Building, its a long way up but the view is immense! Being a foodie in NYC can be cheap, shun McDonald's for a curry in Jackson Heights, Queens or lunch at one of Bayard streets Vietnamese cafe's? I would recommend walking over the Brooklyn Bridge, back over the Manhattan Bridge towards the city to find yourself in the heart of NYC's Chinatown. Bubble Tea is done better along the side streets, I favoured the Oolong Bubble Tea for it reminded me of my favourite Chinese brew. Serving Hot Couture can be done anywhere in New York City but to be your own Fashionista, just grab an Iced Mocha Frappicino from Starbucks and sissy that walk down Fashion Ave to let the streets be your runway! That wasn't a question! Battery Park holds fond memories for me, are you Desperately Seeking Susan? I didn't find Susan but I served realness in that legendary setting.
Head down to the Deep South, home of New Orleans and the rolling Mississippi River. Don't get the Delta blues because the French Quarter brings Disney's Princess and The Frog to life with the original builds and Voodoo business. I wanted to take a boat trip through the world famous Bayou but Mother Nature threw serious shade on me and my sister that January afternoon. So dig a little deeper if the rain pours, head over to the Garden District to be transported back to true Louisiana realness with the regal houses that line the streets. Enjoy a triple chocolate brownie from The Grocery on Charles & 6th Street? Leave the crowded city streets behind you to experience an infusion of old Spanish and French America for that's where New Orleans began before the stars and stripes! Fairytales really happen, no suggestion is strong enough that New Orleans has to be on your bucket list. C'est vraiment incroyable!
St. Louis Cathedral gives Jackson Square life, the French influence is unstoppable within that part of town. Look out for the Fleur de Lis, instilling the French history. Cajun cuisine breaks all boundaries, Cafe Du Monde coffeehouse serves up some seriously delicious Beignets with coffee! Cajun cuisine impressed me much, I made sure that I tried Gumbo and Catfish at least once to ensure my whistlestop experience of New Orleans would be complete. Breakfast has to be enjoyed at Stanley's, me and my sister discovered that French Boudin completes the perfect 'Orleans cooked breakfast! I would advise against planning your Louisiana trip during the winter months because the weather was fierce with rain and wind during the trip. OK, Princess Tiana didn't make an appearance but there's so much Voodoo hoodoo within New Orleans French Quarter you will be spoiled for choice! New Orleans knows its own, surviving Hurricane Katrina it's a true fighter! I'll find you Tiana!
Everybody comes to Hollywood, USA! We're all superstars in our own way so that's enough of that baloney! Who am I kidding? Life has never been more celebrity orientated, do you want to make it in the neighbourhood? Hollywood Boulevard puts the cat amongst the pigeons, home of movie premieres and the walk of fame its a whole other story! Take what you want from the hyped up energy that is bottled and fed to us about that supposed superstar because that Dolby Theatre promotes a crazy image. It takes a bunch of patience to grab a photo, I learnt the hard way! Do you have a favourite star on the Walk of Fame? There's just too many to choose from! Universal Studios Hollywood makes fun of the bizarre energy that's found down on the boulevard, take the L.A Metro to the alternative American theme park to mix things up?! Las Vegas is a four hour drive from Hollywood, it was a day to remember Britney Bitch!
Beverly Hills who?! Turn the world on its head, take a Hollywood star trip around the promised streets of Beverly Hills to then witness the power shopping along Rodeo Drive. I have been a lucky soul to visit Hollywood twice in my short life, I loved the tour around the stars houses, the hype is unreal! Quote me wrong, I saw the security gates of Brad and Angelia's fortress like L.A home and one of Lauren Bacall's former homes. Money is one thing, excess and gluttony borders to the other extreme for the designer stores that give life Rodeo Drive are just insane! Staying faithful to the mouse, back in the early 00's I had the chance to see Orange County allowing me to spend a day at Disneyland, California. Mickey's original Magic Kingdom exuded a more personal feeling than its Floridian counterpart but we're all different. In the future I want to go West to have a party in West Hollywood and roller-blade along the promenade at Venice Beach! I need that paper! L.A. calls!
Do You Feel The Love?!

domain: travel


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Black and Gold
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Purple Beaded Torsade Necklace from Guatemala
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domain: design


text:
WHO WE ARE
Bolson has extensive knowledge and a wide network of partners worldwide who share the same notion in their agricultural and production practices: belief in promoting ecological balance and sustainability to ensure a better world for the future.
WHAT WE DO
Bolson provides organic food products and sustainable goods of the highest quality. We began with one of the primary food groups, in Turkey, and have now expanded to distribute and export 30 diverse food products – encompassing four of the five primary food groups-, and sustainable manufactured goods from Turkey to the GCC region. Our objective is to continue to grow our production and network to satisfy the demands of consumers worldwide. What Bolson means for your business: products of superb quality and value backed by on-time delivery and customer satisfaction.
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domain: food


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Bookkeeping is a process that involves keeping track of all the money you earn and spend throughout your day. When you hire a bookkeeping service to keep track of your finances, you will likely receive a variety of services and fees. You can visit https://www.rwkaccountancy.com.au/start-a-business/ to know more about bookkeeping services. Here are some things to expect from a good bookkeeping service:
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- They will provide you with a detailed financial statement every month. This will show you exactly how your money is being spent and where it is going.
- They will help you to make smart financial decisions by providing advice on budgeting, investing, and debt reduction.
- They will keep track of all your transactions and bills so that you can easily see where your money is going.
- They offer 24/7 support and are available to answer any questions you may have.
One of the benefits of using a bookkeeping service is that it can help you keep track of all your money. This can be especially helpful if you have a lot of money and want to make sure that you are spending it wisely.
Bookkeeping services can also help you manage your finances better. They can help you to understand your financial situation and make changes in how you spend money if necessary. They can also help to prevent fraud and theft from happening.
There are many different bookkeeping services available on the market today. It is important to choose one that meets your needs and budget. There are many options available, so it is important to do your research before making a decision.

domain: economics


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Honolulu fire investigators say a Makiki fire that left eight people homeless was intentionally set.
The fire began at about 7:05 a.m. in a vacant second-story apartment in the five-unit structure at 910 Piikoi Street. The fire was largely confined to one unit but others suffered fire or water damage.
No one was injured and the fire was under control by 7:24 a.m. Damage to the building and its contents was set at $130,000.
There are no known suspects at this time, police said.
The Red Cross helped the displaced tenants find temporary shelter.

domain: sociology


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Cosplay Talk - Hear us talk about our favorite cosplays from Tidewater Comicon 2018
Peter David Interview - Hear us talk to him about The Incredible Hulk & Young Justice news
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Comic Book Reviews
Movie Reviews, TV Reviews and Trailers
The Latest Nerd News
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Two more interviews live from Tidewater Comicon 2018! First, we talk to artist Eryk Donovan about his work with Hellblazer and Eugenic! Then, we ask the biggest Swamp Thing fan we know about what he hopes to see in the upcoming TV series. Then we talk to Zordon himself, David Fielding, about Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers comics and TV. Hear our recap of Tidewater Comicon and find out more at tidewatercomicon.com
This week, it's all about Deadpool! First, hear our SPOILER FILLED review of Deadpool 2, then hear our interview with Deadpool artist, Reilly Brown from Tidewater Comicon 2018!
The best nerd podcast for comic books, movies, TV, video games and more from geek culture! New Episodes uploaded each week!

domain: entertainment


Better Cities Together Seminar September 8th
The seminar aims to introduce different ways and viewpoints for co-creation. Why is co-creation important to cities? How have the ways of co-creation evolved? Where is co-creating taking us?
Venue: Helsinki City Hall, Pohjoisesplanadi 11-13, Helsinki
Time: 8.9.2016 klo 8.30-13
After the seminar you have a possibility to visit the new Helsinki Lab at the City Hall foyer with the Chief Design Officer of the city.
The event is organized by The Finnish Association of Designers Ornamo, Association of Visual Communication Designers Grafia, The Association of Finnish Architects’ Offices (ATL), Finnish Association of Architects (SAFA) and City of Helsinki in co-operation with Design For Government (DfG), the Aalto University’s Creative Sustainability master’s programme.
The event is free of charge. Pre-registration is needed.
08:30 Coffee and Registration
09:00 Opening remarks – Anne Stenros, Chief Design Officer, City of Helsinki
09:15 KEY NOTE Co-creating the city – designing your way out of urban challenges – Runa Sabroe, Programme Director, Danish Design Centre
10:00 Better Cities by Participatory Architecture - Inari Virkkala, Architect, Uusi Kaupunki (New Urban) Collective
10:30 Do-It-Yourself Urbanism – Shaping Cities from the Bottom-up, Timo Hämäläinen, Urban Blogger
11:00-11:15 Break 11:15-11:45 Designing Change – Mel Woods, Reader, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design (DJCAD), University of Dundee
11:45 Visions for Better Cities – Discussion
Reijo Väliharju, Development Manager, City of Tampere
Kaisa Lähteenmäki-Smith, Phd. Political Science, Science Specialist, The Prime Minister’s Office
Jyrki Vanamo, Managing Director, Architect, mapdon
Salla Heinänen, Executive Director, The Finnish Association of Designers Ornamo
Anna Salonen, Interior designer and CEO, MottoWasabi
12:25 Closing Remarks and Introduction to Helsinki Lab
Read more about the programme and speakers
Join the event on Facebook


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Detroit Lions wide receiver Amon-Ra St. Brown has enjoyed a lot of personal success in the NFL over his first two seasons in the league.
Through 33 career games St. Brown ranks first in receptions (196), first in games with eight-plus receptions (11), second in receiving yards (2,073) and sixth in touchdowns (11).
St. Brown still has plenty of personal goals he wants to accomplish, but speaking to reporters this week he said there's been a shift to focus more on team goals heading into his third season in Detroit.
"I'll have my personal goals and they change each year. Obviously, I want to be better each year, but I'm not really worried about those anymore," St. Brown said. "I'm worried about the team, playoffs, what we can do as a team.
"I'm going to take care of myself, I already know that, but making sure this team is where we need to be, which I know we can do, I'm excited for that. Trying to become more of a leader I'm really ready to take on."
St. Brown is one of the best overall pass catchers in the game. His work ethic, character and football IQ are top notch and the fact that he wants to be a vocal leader who also leads by example is best-case scenario for this young football team. He's the perfect example of the kind of players GM Brad Holmes and head coach Dan Campbell are trying to build this franchise around.
"Honestly, you've heard me preach intangibles since Day 1, and I'm a firm believer still that intangibles are the separators of success," Holmes said this offseason. "You know, you look at an Amon-Ra St. Brown, he's a talented player, but his intangibles are as good as it gets, and that's why he has the success that he has.
"And there's countless other players I could name to rattle off, but talent is one thing, while the intangible piece, the character piece, are components. But it doesn't make up the whole picture and the totality of the evaluation."
St. Brown is embracing the higher expectations placed on this team heading into 2023. He's excited about getting offensive coordinator Ben Johnson back for a second season after Johnson helped the Lions become the No. 4 total offense a year ago. He thinks fellow wide receiver Jameson Williams is going to play a big role in Year 2 and likes the additions made on defense in free agency, especially in the secondary, since facing those vets every day in training camp will make everyone on offense better.
View photos from offseason workouts on Tuesday, April 18, 2023.
"I think it's just understood," St. Brown said of bigger expectations in Allen Park. "There's not much to be said. We know what we did last year. The media knows. Everyone saw what we did. For us as a team we feel like it's only up from here.
"Just understanding that we're only going to be better as a team, but they aren't going to hand it to us. Nothing is going to be given. Teams now know we're not a walkover team and it's going to be tough. But I think we'll embrace the challenge."

domain: news


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Bubble Strike 2001 - is a well known logic game with colored...
You may also like
Bubble Strike 2001 - is a well known logic game with colored balls. The goal is to align balls to a lines of the same color. This is extended version - you may align balls not only to a lines, but also to some shapes such as daws and rhombs.
3D graphics and magic sounds making this game proof - logic does not mean boring ! Using skins the appearance of game can be changed according to your desire.


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Stability transfer size & cost: eighteen months 0%, no cost significant: Clear card in complete by-end of 0% duration in order to avoid interest (constantly spend at the least the monthly minimal repayment) & never spend/withdraw money with this card stability transfer interest after 0%: 18.9% minimal payment: better of just one% of stability plus interest or ?5 Minimum earnings: ?7,500 Representative APR (variable): 18.9per cent (see Official APR instances)
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Nonetheless, you may be acknowledged and provided 9 months 0%, which willn’t be of the same quality a package.
Stability transfer size & charge: as much as 1 . five years 0%, no charge (must move within 60 times) crucial: Clear card in complete by-end of 0% duration in order to prevent interest (constantly spend at the very least the monthly minimum repayment) & do not spend/withdraw money about this card stability transfer interest after 0%: 21.9% minimal payment: better of just one% of stability plus interest and charges, 2.25% or ?5 Min earnings: N/A Representative APR (variable): 21.9per cent
what is the minimal I am able to transfer?
The balance that is minimum quantity is ?250.
Which cards could I move from?
You are able to do a stability transfer off their store or credit cards, unless it really is a Barclaycard.
Observe how most most likely it really is you will get this card
Or simply just get directly to the lending company
Cards above perhaps perhaps perhaps not for your needs? Much much much much much More no-fee 0% stability transfer cards
In the event that cards above don’t match you, listed here are fast information on the second most useful cards.
|CARD||0% SIZE||cost (1)||APR †||CHECK YOUR ODDS OF SETTING IT UP|
|Sainsbury’s Bank*||as much as 16 mths||None||20.9%||Eligibility calculator|
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Most useful stability transfer cards for poorer credit scorers
Is acknowledged for the majority of associated with discounts above, you’ll need a significant credit history, but there clearly was a cure for individuals with a patchy credit last. There are 2 various good reasons for having a poorer credit score – having no or a rather credit that is limited as well as having an undesirable record, and we’ll program you cards for both below.
Maybe maybe maybe perhaps perhaps Not had much credit before?
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Good 0% duration if you have not had much previous credit
The Barclaycard Platinum* is aimed at you if you’ve debt on a high-interest card, but maybe haven’t had any others in the past. It provides as much as eighteen months 0% for as long as you move within 60 times, if you might be acknowledged quick payday loans online and provided a lot fewer interest-free months.
It really is much easier to be eligible for compared to various other cards in this guide above, and made use of well could be a course away from financial obligation. Though it isn’t for those of you with severe credit dilemmas, such as for example present CCJs or defaults.
Stability transfer length & cost: as much as 18 months 0%, 2.99% cost (must move within 60 times) essential: Clear card in complete by-end of 0% duration in order to avoid interest (constantly spend at the least the monthly minimal repayment) & do not spend/withdraw money with this card stability transfer interest after 0%: 24.9per cent (some will probably pay 29.9%) minimal payment: Greatest of just one% of stability plus interest, 2.25% or ?5 minimal earnings: ?20,000 Representative APR (variable): 24.9per cent (see Official APR instances)
what exactly is the minimal I am able to move?
The minimal stability transfer quantity is ?250.
am i going to undoubtedly get 24.9% APR?
Even though you defintely won’t be provided less months with this card, some acknowledged people with a somewhat poorer credit rating will undoubtedly be provided a 29.9% rate of interest, as Barclaycard runs rate-for-risk rates. This will strike the price of balance transfer, specially if you learn you cannot repay it in the 18-month 0% duration.

domain: finance


The Large Mobile Hive is a massive construct which dwarfs all but the largest
vessels. Despite its massive size, the craft is relatively structurally fragile due to its hollow
nature. As with all Invid hives, it replies on a strong force field to stop most incoming attacks.
Only once this shield has been destroyed can the weak ship beneath be damaged. In what few space
battles its seen, the Zentraedi have adapted tactics of concentrating on one side of the vessel
to more easily breach its defenses. It has worked to some degree but has also constricted their
tactical options. In either event, the potent combat and mecha abilities of the large hive have
left Zentraedi fleets badly damaged and often times forced to retreat. The Large Hive acts as a
central command and control hive, each is usually
commanded by a sub-queen or king. When deployed on Earth, there was an average of one large hive
per Invid Zone of control. These hives were dwarfed only by the massive Invid hive at Reflex point.


Today, our 3-disk NAS has failed. Please recover flag.
We are given an archive containing 3 files:
D:\Megabeets\deadnas> dir Directory of D:\Megabeets\deadnas . .. 524,288 disk0 12 disk1 524,288 disk2
3 Disk NAS and one has failed? This challenge is obviously about RAID 5. I was asked to find a way to recover the failed disk and there is no simpler way than just XOR disk0 with disk2 and recreate the original disk1. If you are right now in your “WTF?!” mode you better go read about RAID 5 until you understand how it works.
I used simple software called XorFiles.
I then used OSForensics to rebuild the RAID:
Mounted the output file:
And accessed the new drive. The flag and a cute cat was waiting for me there.
* I know you tried using mdadm and ReclaiMe. Poor you.
One thought on “[TWCTF-2016: Web] Rescue Data 1: deadnas Writeup”
Shit. Im using reclaime. -_-


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North Canal Bank Clydebank
In a town centre location, adjacent to the Forth & Clyde Canal, Clydebank public realm comprised high brick walls, dense vegetation and narrow dark pathways, and were perceived as unsafe and a focus for antisocial behaviour.
The North Canal bank project has transformed the canal side environment on the north bank of the Forth and Clyde Canal in Clydebank town centre. The project creates a more user friendly space in which to enjoy the canal side setting, introduce new activities and improve connectivity with the shopping centre and car parking area. Extensive community consultation helped shape the design process.
The newly transformed public realm features heated granite seats - "bankies benches" – a collaboration with NORD architects, and a "memory line" to communicate the history of the area, designed by local school children
A key element was to open up the edge of the canal to encourage more use, the waters edge barriers were removed and replaced by a boardwalk, with a decked stepped area down to the water. As well as proving to be a popular amenity and outlook, it has encouraged more moorings, and access by the local canoe and model boat clubs.
Back to RaeburnFarquharBowen

domain: geography


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Newcleus was an American electro and old school hip hop group that gained popularity in the early 1980s. The group is primarily known for its 12-inch single “Jam-On’s Revenge” (re-released as “Jam on Revenge (The Wikki-Wikki Song)” (1983) and “Jam on It” (1984), which began as an anti-rap joke, according to founding member DJ and producer Ben Cenac.
At the time (1981) we were going by the name Positive Messenger and were making music that had a purpose, either messages of love or faith or talking about the conditions of the world. However, we were still doing lots of Hip-Hop jams with our DJ crew Jam-On Productions. So, one of our DJs, Salvador Smooth, kept nagging me to do a Rap song. Having come out of Hip-Hop street battles in Brooklyn in the ’70s, I didn’t really think much of the Rap records that were playing on the radio, so I figured as a joke I would make a parody jam … I threw in an idea from an [event] that actually had happened in the ’70s, when a DJ who we had just blown out in a battle said to me “Yeah, you guys are bad, but you can’t do this… wikki wikki wikki wikki,” meaning how we didn’t scratch on the turntables.
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Salford Red Devils' bosses have vowed to track down ‘thugs’ involved in ugly scenes following their match at Huddersfield.
The Super League side ran out 26-24 winners in a closely contested game in West Yorkshire this afternoon.
However there was a clash involving both players and supporters following the final whistle at the John Smith’s Stadium.
Australian winger Justin Carney and centre Junior S’au were seen involved in heated exchanges at the Salford fans' end of the ground. It is understood the two players in particular were concerned for the welfare of their families, who were sitting close to where the alleged incident took place.
One steward is thought to have been injured in the fracas shortly after the game finished 26-24.
Video footage captures some fans being calmed down by stewards after the trouble.
The steward is said to have been treated at the scene by St John’s Ambulance personnel. There was no explanation offered by Salford as to what sparked the trouble at the post-match press conference.
But owner Marwan Koukash took to Twitter afterwards saying: “My apologies to the Giants and to the decent fans. The Thugs responsible will be identified and dealt with. There is no place in RL for them.”
The club’s official Twitter feed echoed the sentiments.
It said: “We’d like to apologise for the behaviour of some of our fans today. We’ll be working with the Giants to find those involved. We do not condone any behaviour of the sort.”
They added: “A huge thank you to our fans that kept the faith and travelled over to Huddersfield today. Close game but win is a win.”
On the field the lead changed hands no fewer than six times with two tries in the final 12 minutes finally deciding the issue and helping consolidate Salford’s position in the top eight.


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THE LARGEST COLLECTION OF CHEF JOBS ON EARTH
Supports PDF, DOC, DOCX, TXT, XLS, WPD, HTM, HTML files up to 5 MB
Restaurant management / chef experience * Bilingual (English / Spanish) Competencies: To be ... micro herbs, specialty and heirloom produce. Stern utilizes a climate controlled receiving and .....
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Azteca is looking for a new Chef/Manager for our downtown Phoenix restaurant. The ideal candidate ... specialty pastries for grocery store chains across the US. Azteca Bakeries is a privately owned ..


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I like the “silent film” approach; what made you decide to do that? What effect were you hoping it would have? – Amie J.
It is interesting to note how social media played a part in the relationship and overall break up. How do you think the role of social media has effected the outcome or nature of relationships today, especially throughout college?
What feeling were you hoping to evoke with the different music used? Was it difficult to find fitting background music?
Did any of the films we watched in class inspire you to make this film? If not, what film would you say this related to the most?
This was a great short film. What made you decide to incorporate aspects of cut out tears and water streams? Was this used as irony since that aspect of the film was not real life? -Madeline Condulis
I really liked this film and the way you approach relationships- do you think the way you presented relationships is central to Lehigh or to other college campuses as well?
I really liked how you had the bottle of tears carried around in her bag. What made you focus on the “baggage” of a breakup?
I really like how you incorporated different film styles into your movie, such as the stop motion with the bottle of tears. What inspired you to use different elements, rather than just sticking to one consistent style?
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domain: artistic


text:
Indiabulls Real Estate sells London properties to developers for 200 million pounds
New Delhi, November 2 () Indiabulls Real Estate said Saturday that it sold its property in London to a company of the promoter group for 200 million pounds (around Rs 1,830 million rupees) as part of its plan to focus on the business of India and reduce debt.
At its annual general meeting (AGM) on September 28, the company's shareholders approved a proposal to sell their property in London to developers for £ 200 million.
In a presentation to BSE, Indiabulls Real Estate said the company's wholly owned subsidiary has ceded all of its stake in Century Ltd, which indirectly owns the property of Hanover Square, London, to Clivedale Overseas Ltd, an entity owned by the developers of the company.
With this, Century Ltd ceases to be a subsidiary of the company.
Previously, the company had revealed its plans to focus on its business in India and reduce debt.
In light of the continuing problems related to Brexit and the uncertainty around it, London's real estate market is still slow. The pound sterling has also had sustained depreciation from the moment of the outcome of the Brexit referendum, the company said in the AGM notice. .
Indiabulls Real Estate had said that an additional loan of approximately 133 million pounds was needed to complete the ongoing construction at 22, owned by Hanover Square in London. However, you would not like to incur this additional debt in your own balance.
To reduce debt and focus more on the Mumbai and NCR (National Capital Region) markets, the board had previously authorized and approved the divestment of the company's direct or indirect ownership of London property, he said.
The promoters of the company advanced to acquire the property of London for a total consideration of 200 million pounds against the cost of its acquisition at 161.5 million pounds, Indiabulls had said.
In June of this year, Indiabulls Real Estate developers sold 14 percent of the company through open market transactions to the Embassy Group for Rs 950 crore as part of their strategy to focus on financial services and exit the real estate business
However, last month, Indiabulls Group faced a setback when the RBI rejected the proposed merger of Indiabulls Housing Finance with the troubled private sector lender Lakshmi Vilas Bank.
Speculations abounded about the fate of the merger, announced in April this year, after the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed restrictions on Lakshmi Vilas Bank due to its weak financial status. To enter the banking space, Indiabulls Group has been selling several finished commercial properties to the American private equity firm Blackstone. MJH ABM ABM


How We Help Veterans and First Responders
Eligibility and Requirements for Service
The American S.T.A.R.H. Foundation currently serves all service members who:
ARE POST 9/11 AND
- Have completed their tour of duty, are separated or retired from military service with an honorable discharge, and who currently reside at home.
- Reservist personnel with at least two years or more of service who have been deployed overseas and who currently reside at home.
- All active-duty personnel in need of assistance who are on leave or who are in between tours from deployment overseas and are awaiting orders at home.
** First responders and dispatchers are eligible as well **
The Seven Steps of Stability
- Suicide prevention and awareness
- Shelter acquisition and utility payment assistance.
- Food and clothing support
- Medical disability rating procurement and benefits awareness
- Job placement and career planning
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- Self-empowerment and leisure activities
- Transportation assistance
- Volunteer opportunities
- Fundraising and sponsorship support
- The P.A.L.S. Program


In no time we were in love with the backyard. Of all the exciting new things about moving to Downers Grove and having our first single-family house, we were continually drawn to the backyard. Our neighborhood doesn’t allow fencing, so we have a vast open space and lush tree line hiding the block of houses behind us. Deer greeted us the first week here, and since then we have enjoyed years of watching wildlife. Our backyard had one large ash tree that threw wonderful shade and dropped big leaves, enough to make a large pile to play in during our first fall. My memory is still vivid: our five-year old-son laughing, buried in the leaves, while our brand-new puppy was bouncing and crackling leaves around him.
The next fall, with a new baby in arms, I noticed with concern and disappointment that we didn’t have many leaves to play in. The following spring it was clear something was wrong. Our neighborhood regularly checks on the health of our trees, and we got the bad news that ours would have to be taken down, another victim of the plague of the emerald ash borer. My oldest son and I had recently learned the history of that bug and its devastating impact to our ecosystem from the PBS show Wild Kratts.
My toddler and I watched at the window in fascination as the landscapers expertly took that ash apart, piece by piece, then all together pulling the tall trunk at an angle into the common area, away from the house and swingset. It hit the ground and I exhaled, surprised at the amount of sadness I felt, a feeling of such emptiness looking at the area of the yard that large tall tree used to fill.
There was so much sun that summer.
Determined to bring back that enjoyable shade and the time in the leaves with the kids, we began to research when and where to plant a new tree. We chose a red maple, picked our spot, planted in the fall, and crossed our fingers.
Every year since, the whole family has watched the maple and carefully picked up every dropped leaf to ensure it continued to grow healthy and strong.
Now our baby has grown to be the five year old my oldest was, our oldest is almost 12, and we have measured their changes alongside this tree.
The tree has taught us all about the circle of life, the relationships between plants and insects, the care our environment needs, and so much more.
Someday this red maple tree will be tall and lush, providing shade in summer and piles of leaves in fall. Until that day we will continue to care lovingly for this life and these family memories in our vibrant yard.


Let’s start where I started with Mirah. If you can, I’d like you to put headphones on for this track, so you can hear everything — every intake of breath, every vibration of the string quartet, even the slow decay of the timpani. You can even imagine you’re sitting in your car in the rain, like I was when I first heard this song.
That was “Cold Cold Water,” the first track off of Mirah’s second full-length album, Advisory Committee, and it’s one of those rare moments when an artist and producer happen onto each other at just the right time in both of their careers. The producer was Phil Elverum, of The Microphones/Mt Eerie, and the time and place was Olympia’s K Records in the early 2000s.
This whole album is full of tracks with heavy atmosphere, balancing and amplifying Mirah’s vocals, but only “Cold Cold Water” aims for those epic heights. The other songs have the same intimate subject matter, and the same images that will become recurring motifs throughout her career: nighttime, changing seasons, wind and rain, fire, stars. But Elverum keeps the orchestration spare on these other tracks, from the suggestive “Make it Hot” to the affirming “Monument,” which relies less on naturalistic imagery and more on a direct appeal to its subject.
Mirah’s next album, C’mon Miracle, came out in 2004. It’s a little more airy, eschewing its predecessor’s darker orchestrations for a lighter but no less substantive sound. These freer arrangements give Mirah more room to pull her voice down into soft and breathy depths, and she takes full advantage of that opportunity. Elverum produced again, and it was around this time I read a review referring to him and Mirah as “the Missy and Timbaland of indie rock.”
“Nobody Has to Stay” shows early stirrings of a Mirah trademark: lyrics that refer to “we” as well as you or me. While we do encounter this in confessional-style music, Mirah does it more often than you’d expect. Some of her later songs rely exclusively on the we pronoun—acknowledging that a relationship between two individuals is about more than just how each of those individuals relate to each other, it’s also about the shared experience, the collective entity that is us.
“The Struggle” is a model of restraint on Elverum’s part. Musically, it would make perfect sense to put a string quartet on it, or an electric guitar and bass combo with amped-up vocals. But he held back and let Mirah keep her voice soft, almost failing to register on the high notes, and added nothing but a barely strummed guitar and minimalist drum kit, matching the lyrics’ plaintive regret. Only a reverb-heavy marimba between verses seems unusual, but the hollow tone fits in perfectly with the overall palette.
After getting this record, I decided I was a Mirah fan after all, and maybe I should explore her earlier work. I picked up her first full-length, You Think It’s Like This But Really It’s Like This. Fun fact I learned from Wikipedia: in the 1990s, Mirah and Kimya Dawson worked at the same vegetarian café on the campus of Evergreen State College. If that does not tell you all you need to know about this album, then I just don’t know what else to say.
Hipster stereotypes aside, it’s still a solid album. Like a lot of singer-songwriter debut efforts, it does suffer from a feeling of being all over the place, probably due to it being a collection of songs that were written over a long period of time. That’s an assumption I have made, and it may be completely wrong.
Looking backward after hearing her later efforts first, you can see the directions that Mirah and Elverum grew in. There are hints of the future, like Mirah’s double-tracked vocals that don’t quite line up with each other on the chorus of “Sweepstakes Prize.” The fuzzy sound on this track almost seems like an attempt by Elverum to reclaim the derogatory description of songs that sound like they were recorded in someone’s basement.
Mirah’s next album was (a)spera, and it’s OK. Musically, lot of the tracks seem to have analogues from her previous records—“Generosity” is orchestrated like “Cold Cold Water,” “Bones & Skin” is another “Promise,” from C’mon Miracle. “The Forest” is easily the standout song, with lyrics that capture the contradiction of wanting to grow and advance, while also lamenting the loss of our old ways. Elverum’s production keeps Mirah’s vocals just barely above the subdued electric guitar and martial horn section, like she’s only one step ahead of the encroaching world.
I can’t really explain it, but I do not like that video.
Another thing I can’t explain: why did I read the Pitchfork review of Mirah’s next and so-far latest full-length album, Changing Light? Music reviewers! You don’t have to one-up each other with your adjectival avalanches and thesaurus verbs. “ ‘I will go to the desert,’ Mirah sings on opening track ‘Goat Shepherd,’ and the arid invocation lingers even through the verdant ballads.” Barf. Not only is this writing overwrought, it’s not even accurate. “Goat Shepherd” is mostly an angry regret song, this allegedly being Mirah’s “breakup” album. But it’s also a strident fuck-you to our world’s leaders, in keeping with the latent undertone of lefty protest music that’s always hidden just beneath the surface in Mirah’s works. (She cut a cover album of political songs in 2004, and C’mon Miracle’s “Jerusalem” finger-wags Israel’s oppression of Palestinians.)
Furthermore, this whole album is the farthest thing from “arid” that Mirah has ever recorded. Changing Light has none of the lo-fi sound that Elverum and K Records are known for, which may be due to chamber pop impresario Jherek Bischoff’s presence. Other new things on this record include synthesizers and autotune, or at least a vocoder. Mirah’s typical dynamic shifts are smoothed mostly away, and she even sings like a pop star, pushing her voice beyond the twee indie-girl sound she’s always settled into, now more Adele than Tiger Trap.
Beneath this shimmering, Daniel Lanois-ish production, Mirah’s lyrics are a little more direct, her compositions a little more conventional. Maybe that’s what makes this a breakup album: her emotions no longer hide behind conceits about mountains, snow, and forests; they just stand there, raw and unclothed.
Let’s close with “Fleetfoot Ghost,” a track about hope and heartache reminiscent of sad Lucinda Williams. It reminds me every time I hear it that, like me, the girl from “Cold Cold Water” is now a middle-aged person who’s seen what real problems are, and she’s learned that there’s a cost to getting older and wiser.


text:
I have found out today that a 15 month rottweiler/pitbull puppy was killed by his owner with a hammer. The owner lives in the West End neighborhood of Vancouver British Columbia, Canada.
The young dog bit the owner, who lost his temper and killed the dog. The owner was caught and prosecuted, and as a result must pay a $1,000 fine as punishment. Personally, I find this totally outrageous; think about it: he may as well have paid a fee to torture his puppy to death with a hammer. Fines will never be fit punishment for an animal abuser.
I am trying to make people aware that the cruelty law in Canada is insufficient, and must be changed. I want to write the Government of Canada to tell them to change the law to give it more teeth, and require fit punishments for animal abuse.
I would like justice for this dog: please change the animal cruelty laws in Canada to demand mandatory jail time for offenders.
We, the undersigned, call upon Canada to bring severe criminal punishments to abusers of animals, instead of mere fines or brief house arrest.
Too often those who abuse animals receive a mere 'slap-on-the-wrist', without suffering any real punishment.
We also regard animals as deserving of protection, instead of merely being resources to be consumed as one would consume a lump of coal.
Please bring an end to the abuse of animals in Canada with stronger animal cruelty laws.
The Punish Puppy Killers Properly petition to Canadian Animal Cruelty Laws was written by Amy Shields and is in the category Animal Welfare at GoPetition.

domain: law


text:
Labelling Theory and Interactionism were popular in the 1960’s. What is Interactionism?
Interactionism is part of the ‘Social Action’ approach and a branch of Interpretivism. Micro-theory (which favours qualitative methods such as observation, informal interviews) is seen as being more valid. Symbolic Interactionism is “the self is developed through interaction” (eg. with parents, teachers, friends) – (Mead).Social Action is not fixed; individuals are not snooker balls on the snooker table of life. Puppets interpret what they see. They attach meanings to situations and then react. (Structural theory states that action is a result of external forces that people have no control over).
Supporters of Interactionism are sociologists such as Becker – who studied Chicago teachers’ views on the ‘ideal pupil’ and crime and deviance – and Rosenthal and Jacobson who examined labelling and the self-fulfilling prophecy. Becker concluded that no act is criminal or deviant until it has been labelled as such by others. It is not the act that makes something deviant – it is social reaction to the act (the label) e.g. nudity and heroin use. Becker in his work ‘The Outsiders’ used the example of incest from Malinowski’s study of a Pacific Island to explain labelling theory.
Becker concluded that the act of incest breaks the rules, but someone has to draw attention to the act to enforce the rules for a social reaction to the deviance to take place. Once this happens, consequences follow.
Becker is associated with issues surrounding negative labelling and master status (the label of deviant can cancel out other statuses e.g. father, plumber, golfer and this can lead to exclusion from society, e.g. work). The master status and exclusion can lead to deviant lifestyles, deviant careers and deviant sub-cultures, which leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy (the label – prophecy comes true).
In the 1950’s, Goffman wrote ‘Study of Total Institutions’, which referenced his work in prisons and mental institutions. While his work is dated and reforms have been brought in to rectify a great deal of what Goffman identified, his conclusions are still relevant as arguments against those who want to return to old-style tougher prisons so that society has retribution against those sentenced as opposed to those who want rehabilitation. Goffman found prisoners and patients frequently labelled ‘mad’ or a ‘mental case’ and that these labels had been imposed by doctors or society itself. Goffman believed that prisoners and patients lived up to these labels simply because they had been labelled as such, frequently by a professional.
Goffman found that in prison inmates were cut off and isolated, stripped of identity, work and leisure and slept all in one place. Those who had frequently lived a life without any rules now had to live by rules, regulations and regimentation. Goffman found that for those in prison and mental institutions, individuality was destroyed and deviance was reinforced. To some a label became a status symbol and one to live up to. Within a prison society, a label was even seen by other prisoners as a way of moving up a rankings ladder among the prison population. Goffman found that if a prisoner was labelled ‘mad and bad’ by professionals and lived up to this reputation while in prison, he gained increased respect and status among some prisoners while others saw him as a challenge to their ranking – whether he was or not.
Cicourel found the same occurring among male youths. Frequently, boys labelled ‘delinquent’ or a ‘typical delinquent’ by professionals lived up to the label and won kudos among those who were frequently in their gang. Cicourel concludes that boys labelled delinquent might actually do something that they may not have done if they had not been so labelled. In other words, the label ‘delinquent’ created a mind-set that led to actions being taken and not the other way round. Within a gang, a ‘delinquent’ would be expected to behave in a certain manner and those labelled were expected to live up to the label or lose face and respect if they failed to do so.
Cicourel also found that decisions made by probation officers whether to make charges or not for a criminal offence were influenced by stereotypical views of a ‘typical delinquent’. Cicourel believes that it is not what he has done, but how others label him and his actions.
Jock Young studied hippy marihuana users in Notting Hill during the 1960’s and found the topic a perfect example of self-fulfilling prophecy and primary and secondary deviance.
Young found that the police targeted a group, hippies who smoked marihuana. As smoking marihuana was illegal, this marked them as different. The consequence of this was that it alienated the group from society. Smoking marihuana became a bigger part of the group’s identity and it became more widely used as it was a symbol of their difference and a reaction to being singled out. As a result, a deviant sub-culture developed and the gap between the sub-culture and society grew.
Courtesy of Lee Bryant, Director of Sixth Form, Anglo-European School, Ingatestone, Essex


text:
In Our Last post We Shared our tutorial session of how to make a terracotta jewellery pendant making and we hope you all would have tried it in your home. Now we will see terracotta jewellery baking tutorial, Terracotta jewellery making has 4 levels now we had finished the first level of how to make the pendant and the second level is how to bake it and the third level is how to paint and the last but not the least is how to make the terracotta jewellery garland making(online Terracotta jewellery making classes).
As this terracotta jewellery making is a lengthy process I further subdividing this Part 2 turtorial sessions into three divisions such as –
- Part 2 (a) – Terracotta jewellery Pendant baking / Firing
- Part 2 (b) – Terracotta jewellery pendant Painting
- Part 2 (c) – Terracotta Jewellery Garland Making
Today lets see Terracotta jewellery baking methods in our Part 2 (a) turtorial session – How to Bake the Terracotta jewellery Pendant which we made in our last session. Actually it is not baking it is firing the clay we made. Firing is the old and the traditional method to burn the bricks, pots,terracotta items etc…. we are using the same method here to bake the jewellery. the firing makes the terracotta jewellery strong and hard. Thus, it wont break or get damaged in the sun or rain Like the bricks, pots or any other terracotta items. Let us begin how to fire it on a small scale at our home.
- Wood pellets
- Coconut shell
- Earthen pot
- pan / Tawa
- Terracotta pendant & beads which we made at our last session
Start by taking an earthen pot which should have a wide opening so that it would be easy to fire the terracotta jewellery easily. And then put some coconut shell, wood pellets, charcoal in it, you can also use flammable items such as broken woods, which is available at your home but charcoal is must. then Pour some kerosene over it and fire them. Please be careful while firing, it is advisable to fire them in an open space since firing inside your home is quite dangerous. Thus “Please always keep the hot pot reach out of the children”. It is our humble request please follow the above rules.
Now allow the charcoal to burn until it becomes red hot coal. It would take around 1 to 1.5 hours time to become a red hot coal so please be patience and careful and keep an eye over it. Meanwhile the coal turns red hot, let us place the pan / tawa over the gas stove or an induction stove and preheat the terracotta pendant & beads which we made at our last session in a low flame for at least 15-20 mins. Thus calculate the preparation time of red hot coal and preheating process of the jewellery at the last 15-20 mins of coal becomes red hot because the jewllery should be hot while we place it into the red hot coal.
Now check whether the coal turns red hot, when it is red hot and once the jewels become so hot, transfer it to the earthen pot containing red hot coal.While transferring the jewels make sure that the red hot coal is placed over the jewels, so that the jewelry would observe the heat from the red hot coal. Fan it at regular intervals to make the hot coal, so that the coal will be hot for a few hours. Now keep the terracotta jewels for at least 2-3 hours at red coal to have a better result. After 3 hours, you could notice the jewels tanned to a blackish shade. Now it is the time to take the jewelry out of the hot pot. Thus take the terracotta jewelry from the earthen pot. Now the terracotta jewelry, baking / firing process ends here.
Now the Terracotta Jewellery Pendant & beads are ready for Painting………
If you have any query regarding this topic, please post your query at http://ladiescampus.com/groups/terracotta-jewellery/forum/topic/how-to-bake-terracotta-jewellery/
Or Create new topics at http://ladiescampus.com/create-topic/
If you want to share your craft works on our website, you can share by just log in or register at our site and
Note: How to paint Terracotta pendant and beads will be published in the next post….
Happy jewellery making………..


text:
BACKGROUND: In developed societies levels of daily physical activity (PA) among school-age children are decreasing. This implies risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Specific strategies to improve levels of PA are needed. In prepubertal boys there is evidence that strength training increases spontaneous PA outside of training.
METHODS: A total of 102 schoolchildren (age 10–14 years) in Switzerland were randomly assigned to physical education classes or to participate twice weekly at a guided strength training program for 19 weeks. Spontaneous PA energy expenditure (PAEE; 3axial accelerometry for 7 days), leg and arm strength, and body composition (dual energy radiograph absorptiometry) were measured at baseline, after 19 weeks of training intervention, and after 3 months of washout.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups at baseline. In the intervention group, PAEE increased by 10% from baseline to end of training in boys (P = .02), but not in girls. Leg and arm strength were increased owing to training intervention in both boys and girls. All other variables were unchanged. Baseline PAEE was significantly negatively correlated with changes of PAEE.
CONCLUSIONS: Targeted strength training significantly increases daily spontaneous PA behavior in boys. The less active children showed the greatest increase in spontaneous PAEE. Girls showed a similar increase in strength, but not in spontaneous PAEE. This may be explained by their earlier pubertal development. Strength training may be a promising strategy in schools to counteract decreasing levels of PA.
- BA —
- bone age
- FM —
- fat mass
- LBM —
- lean body mass
- PA —
- physical activity
- PAEE —
- physical activity energy expenditure
- PE —
- physical education
- PWS —
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- SDS —
- standard deviation score
What’s Known on This Subject:
Levels of daily physical activity in children are decreasing worldwide. This implies risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
What This Study Adds:
Strength training makes children not only stronger but significantly increases their daily spontaneous physical activity outside the training intervention.
In human history, satisfying hunger meant that people were forced to be physically active to get food and survive. During the last 50 years, as food supply became uncoupled from physical activity (PA), lifestyles changed from being physically active to being predominantly sedentary and inactive.1 Because our genetic program did not change as fast as our lifestyle, PA changed from being a necessity into a primary preventive health measure for all ages. It is well established that PA reduces cardiovascular risk and helps protect against type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer.2 PA is also imperative for developing and maintaining muscle strength, joint function, and bone health. PA relies on muscular strength. Several studies showed that muscle strength also has significantly decreased over the past 20 years in children.3,4 Today the majority of girls and a large proportion of boys fail to meet the minimum target of 60 minutes of at least moderate intensity PA per day.5 Furthermore, PA declines as children get older.6
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is recognized as the brain’s command center for controlling energy balance.7 Along with other hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei, the neurons of the arcuate nucleus coordinate energy intake and expenditure. Although most reviews discussing the regulation of energy balance are focused on food intake, little is known about the regulation of spontaneous PA in childhood.
Recently we have shown in children who have Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), as well as in healthy junior ice hockey players, that individually targeted strength training induces increased spontaneous PA outside of training. In children who have PWS, a complex genetic disorder causing a profound aversion to PA, we were able to show that the introduction of a 10-minute daily strength training led to a significant increase of spontaneous PA, with the daily walking distance improving from an average 3.7 to 5.8 km.8 In 12- to 13-year-old ice hockey-playing boys we found that 16 weeks of strength training not only increases leg and arm strength, but also significantly increases spontaneous PA outside of training.9
The main objective of this randomized controlled intervention study was to assess whether participation in a school-based strength training program 2 hours per week would increase spontaneous daily PA outside of training in normal schoolchildren. We also wanted to test whether girls show a similar response to the training as boys, as our previous studies had only included boys. In addition, we wanted to examine whether the selected strength-training program is safe and whether it can be implemented easily by a school without using more resources than for normal physical education (PE) classes. The findings of this study could shed some light on what kind of interventions are effective to increase spontaneous daily PA in schoolchildren.
This study was an individually randomized, controlled, school-based intervention study involving 102 schoolchildren (age 10–14 years) of a public primary and secondary school near Zurich, Switzerland. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Zurich and, according to the institutional review board guidelines, informed consent was obtained from all participants and their parents. Two fifth and 4 seventh grade classes were selected. All girls and boys of these 6 classes were asked to participate. Those who were not able to take part in the normal PE classes for medical reasons, and therefore could not participate in a strength-training program, were excluded. Children who had a BMI above or below ±2.5 SDs or on stimulant medication such as methylphenidate participated in the normal PE classes and were involved in the measurements, but were excluded from analysis. Under the supervision of the researcher (UE) children of each grade were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group by drawing lots. Girls and boys were randomized separately to balance the groups. There was no other stratification.
The intervention took place during 2 of 3 regular PE classes and consisted of 45 minutes of individualized strength training for the whole body following the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness.10
Seven basic multiple-joint exercises were performed as a circuit in groups of 2: barbell back squat, barbell lunge squat, resistive-ball back extension, twisting crunch, barbell bench press, barbell bent over row, and barbell overhead press (Table 1, Supplemental Information I). Each session started with a 10-minute warm-up. Weights were introduced gradually when children had mastered proper technique. The weight was increased when the child was able to do more than 15 repetitions in the second set before reaching muscular exhaustion (60% of 1 repetition maximum). The PE teacher (RP), who was experienced in testing and training children, reviewed the workout logs during and after every session and made appropriate adjustments regarding training loads. Details of the training program are outlined in Table 2. During the training the ratio between teacher and children was at least 1 to 8 (2 instructors for 16 children). The control group and the children not participating in the study continued their normal PE classes at the same time as the intervention group.
The study started in August, at the beginning of the new school year, and lasted until June. All children were tested 3 times: test 1 at baseline (August/September), test 2 after 19 school weeks at the end of the intervention (March), and test 3 at the end of a 3-month washout period after the intervention (June).
Height and weight were measured with standard techniques by using a Harpenden stadiometer (accuracy of measurement 1 mm) and an electronic balance (SECA708, Hamburg, Germany; d = 0.1 kg; CV, 0.055%), respectively. Children’s anthropometric data are given as SD score (SDS) to scale them for comparison across ages and gender, according to the first Zurich Longitudinal Study.11
PA energy expenditure (PAEE) was objectively measured for 7 consecutive days by a body-fixed triaxial accelerometer (RT3, Stayhealthy, Monrovia, CA) in all participants. The accelerometer was worn following the manufacturer’s instructions at all times, except during sleeping hours and when taking a bath or shower. Measurements of PAEE were analyzed by a single blinded examiner (FW). PAEE was derived by dividing the total sum of all activity measurements (kcal) recorded every minute by the total amount of minutes when the accelerometer was worn during the 7-day period. We had previously validated this method in children by using Deuterium water dilution and indirect calorymetry.12
Lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by dual energy radiograph absorptiometry (Hologic Discovery Wi, Bedford, MA). Children’s LBM and FM are expressed as SDS.13
The maximum strength of the lower body was determined on a seated leg press (TECA, R.O.M. prestige, Ortona, Italy) and for the upper body on a Cybex smith press (Cybex; Owatonna, MN) by 1 repetition maximum testing. After a short standardized warm-up the participant performed the test with the maximum possible resistance (weight). All performance tests were conducted according to the protocol of Faigenbaum AD14 by a single examiner (RP).
Skeletal maturity was assessed with the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method.15 Bone age (BA) was calculated based on a radiograph of the left hand and wrist.
All analyses were made in SPSS (version 9.0; IBM SPSS Statistics, IBM Corporation). Means and SDs were calculated for all variables. Student’s t test was used to test differences between groups and univariate relationships were assessed with Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to test associations independently from possible confounding factors. P values <0.05 were considered to be significant.
Out of the 112 schoolchildren, 105 consented to participate. One boy was excluded because he was on stimulant medication (methylphenidate); 2 were excluded for having BMI higher than +2.5 SDS. A total of 102 children (42 girls and 60 boys) were included in the study. At baseline there was no difference for any of the variables between the intervention and the control group. Girls’ and boys’ mean age was 11.9 (10.3–13.9) and 12.3 (10.1–14.1) years, respectively (Tables 3 and 4). Of the boys, 21 out of 32 in the intervention group and 17 out of 28 in the control group were prepubertal with a BA <13 years. Of the girls, 4 out of 22 in the intervention group and 4 out of 20 in the control group were prepubertal with a BA <11 years. Eighteen out of the 306 PA measurements were invalid, 6 for technical reasons and 12 for noncompliance (see Tables 3–5). No injuries occurred during the whole study period.
Table 5 depicts the changes from baseline to the end of training intervention and from baseline to the 3-month washout (see Supplemental Table 6 for table showing baseline, intervention, and washout data for all variables).
In the boys’ intervention group, PAEE significantly increased by 10% from baseline to the end of training. The mean change in PAEE from baseline to the end of training was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group. PAEE was unchanged between the groups from baseline to 3-month follow-up after washout period. In the intervention group, upper and lower body strength increased by 38% and 36%, respectively, while in the control group upper and lower body strength increased by 11% and 7%, respectively, from baseline to the end of training intervention, the differences between the groups being highly significant. At the end of the 3-month washout period however, upper and lower body strength of both groups showed no significant differences anymore. Age-corrected LBM slightly increased in the intervention group from baseline to the end of training intervention; however, when comparing the groups, LBM was unchanged. Age-corrected relative FM was unchanged across the study and between the groups.
In girls, PAEE remained unchanged in both the intervention and control group throughout the study. The intervention group showed an increase in upper and lower body strength by 33% and 29%, whereas in the control group upper and lower body strength increased by 12% and 9% from baseline to the end of training intervention. Again the difference between the groups was highly significant. After 3-month washout, however, no differences in upper and lower body strength between the groups were apparent. At the end of the training period, age-corrected LBM showed a non-significant decrease in the intervention group (−0.1 SDS, +1.1 kg) and a non-significant increase in the control group (+0.1 SDS, +2.0 kg), the differences between the groups being significant (P = .02). At the end of training intervention, relative FM significantly (P = .03) increased in the intervention group (+1.0%) compared with the control group (+0.3%).
Entire group correlation analysis of baseline variables revealed a positive correlation between PAEE and chronological age (r = 0.27, P < .05) and an even stronger correlation between PAEE and BA (r = 0.43, P < .05). A separate gender analysis showed a correlation with BA for boys (r = 0.46, P < .001) but not for girls (r = 0.43, P < .05).
After correcting PAEE for BA, the changes between the groups from baseline to the end of training intervention and from baseline to 3-month follow-up were recalculated. The results remained unchanged; boys but not girls significantly increased PAEE. We then tested whether the changes of PAEE from baseline to the end of training intervention could be associated with baseline covariates. PAEE did not correlate with age, BA, upper or lower body strength, LBM, or FM at baseline in any of the groups. At the end of training intervention only baseline PAEE was significantly negatively correlated with changes of PAEE (r = −0.45, P < .001).
Over the last decades there has been a continuing reduction in physical fitness in children and adolescents.16–18 Lack of PA increases the risk for obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and orthopedic problems.2 Decreasing PA in children may even have a negative impact on PA behavior during adult life as well.19
Our study in healthy schoolchildren aged 10 to 14 years shows that an individualized school-based strength-training program makes boys and girls stronger and significantly increases daily spontaneous PA outside the training intervention in boys.
Recently we have shown in children who have PWS who have a profound aversion to PA, as well as in healthy junior ice hockey players, that individually targeted strength training induces increased spontaneous PA outside of training.8,9 For the current study, 102 healthy schoolchildren were randomly placed in 2 groups. The control group continued 3 PE classes per week, whereas the intervention group had 2 out of 3 PE classes replaced by an individualized strength-training program. At baseline there was no difference in anthropometry, body composition, and PAEE between the groups. At the end of the training intervention, we found a significant increase of upper and lower body strength in the intervention group in boys and in girls. Boys significantly increased their PA by 0.11 kcal/min or 10%. Without taking into account the energy expenditure during the strength training, the 10% PAEE increase corresponds to a weekly bike ride of 2.5 hours corresponding to 45 km for a child of 40 kg body weight. In other words, an individualized school-based strength-training program increases energy expenditure outside the intervention by an equivalent of ∼7 kg of body fat corresponding to 10 kg of chocolate per year.
In our study girls and boys trained together and qualitatively had the same strength-training program. Although the girls were equally motivated and achieved a comparable increase of upper and lower body strength, they showed no increase in spontaneous PA at the end of the training intervention. We attribute this gender difference to the maturational differences between girls and boys. On average, puberty begins at age 11 years in girls and at age 13 years in boys. Most of the girls we studied were therefore pubertal (mean BA 12.2 years) in contrast to the boys who were mainly prepubertal (mean BA 12.2 years).
Corder et al measured PA behavior among 10-year-old British children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years) and again 1 year later; PA decreased over 1 year, particularly among girls and on weekends.20 That the onset of puberty may be responsible for changing patterns of PA from a child regulation to an adult one is supported by our previous observation in junior ice hockey players, in whom the positive correlation between training intensity and spontaneous PA was lost with the onset of puberty.12 The regulatory interplay of factors controlling PA seems to change from childhood to adulthood. Contrary to what we described in prepubertal ice hockey playing boys and school boys, it seems that exercise interventions in adults (in particular high-intensity exercise) do not affect spontaneous PA.16–18 In obese adults, induced exercise was even shown to be negatively compensated by a reduction of spontaneous PA outside of training hours.21 Future studies are needed to explore differences of regulation of PA between children and adults and to show whether individualized strength training increases PA in prepubertal girls.
As expected, LBM and FM did not significantly change in boys owing to strength training. In girls the changes of body composition were also expected; pubertal girls increase the percentage of body fat and accrue FM at a rate of 1.14 kg/year.22 The differences between the groups were statistically significant. This may be explained because the girls in the control group were closer to the peak of their pubertal growth spurt; indeed they grew a bit faster than the girls in the intervention group (+0.5 cm).
Covariable analysis showed that the strength-training program was most efficient for the children who had the lowest PA. This is in line with our results in children who have PWS. They have very low PA and increased their spontaneous PA in response to a strength-training intervention by 57%.8 In prepubertal children, less specific types of strength-training interventions are also able to increase PA. Sigmund et al showed that 45 minutes more PE including high-intensity activities such as jumps, hops, and sprints also increases leisure time PA.23 The mechanism by which strength training induces spontaneous PA remains unclear. There may be an endocrine signaling coming from the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for a positive feedback between physical strength and PA. However, the physiologic importance of the homeostatic control of food intake and body weight, located in the central nervous system, is well known as discussed by Morton et al, for example.24 We hypothesize that the central control of energy balance located in the hypothalamic nuclei also integrates information about physical capacity and overall physical strength. It seems that a new strength status of a person can induce adaptive adjustments of behavioral patterns and may affect activity levels directly.
If supervised by a qualified teacher, strength training is safe as already shown by others.25 No injuries occurred throughout the study period. Research increasingly indicates that strength training might be an optimal measure for children increasing musculoskeletal health and self-confidence.26,27 Schools are well suited to introduce children to strength training as they spend most of their time there and such activities are also much more attractive for children if carried out together with schoolmates. The cost of the equipment required for strength training is low.
Identifying factors related to changes in PA is an important step in developing interventions to stop decreases in PA levels during childhood. This randomized controlled trial shows that an individualized school-based strength-training program in prepubertal boys increases daily spontaneous PA outside the training. The impact is likely to fade with the onset of puberty. The girls in this study showed the same increase in upper and lower body strength, which suggests that they were similarly motivated, but no increase in daily spontaneous PA, which may be explained by their earlier pubertal development.
Further research is needed to understand the factors that influence PA in prepubertal and pubertal children and to find out what adequate training stimulus is needed to have a lasting impact on PA behavior.
We thank the children, their parents, and the teachers of the School in Zollikon, Switzerland, for participation and the great support. We thank Dr Lara Ogunshola for proofreading our manuscript. We thank the “Stiftung Wachstum Pubertät Adoleszenz” for their support.
- Accepted September 3, 2013.
- Address correspondence to Urs Eiholzer, MD, Head of the Center for Pediatric Endocrinology Zurich, Moehrlistrasse 69, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail:
Dr Meinhardt conceptualized and designed the study, designed the data collection instruments, carried out the initial data analyses, and revised the manuscript; Ms Witassek conceptualized and designed the study, analyzed output data, and revised the manuscript; Mr Petrò conceptualized and designed the study, coordinated and supervised data collection, and revised the manuscript; Mrs Fritz conceptualized and designed the study, analyzed data, and revised the manuscript; Dr Eiholzer conceptualized and designed the study, analyzed and interpreted data, and revised the manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted.
This trial has been registered with the New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (identifier ACTRN12613000509763).
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
FUNDING: No external funding.
POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
- Warburton DE,
- Nicol CW,
- Bredin SS
- ↵Butcher K, Sallis JF, Mayer JA, Woodruff S. Correlates of physical activity guideline compliance for adolescents in 100 U.S. cities. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42:360–368
- Schlumpf M,
- Eiholzer U,
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- Schmid S,
- van der Sluis I,
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- Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness
- ↵Eiholzer U, Meinhardt U, Rousson V, et al. Association between short sleeping hours and physical activity in boys playing ice hockey. J Pediatr. 2008;153:640–645
- van der Sluis IM,
- de Ridder MA,
- Boot AM,
- Krenning EP,
- de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM
- ↵Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Herman RE, Naclerio F, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Myer GD. Reliability of the one-repetition-maximum power clean test in adolescent athletes. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2012;26:432–437
- ↵Tanner JM. Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW3 Method). 3rd ed. London, United Kingdom: WB Saunders; 2001
- Ekelund U,
- Sardinha LB,
- Anderssen SA,
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- Kempen KP,
- Saris WH,
- Westerterp KR
- ↵Rogol AD, Roemmich JN, Clark PA. Growth at puberty. J Adolesc Health. 2002;31:192–200
- ↵Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD. Resistance training among young athletes: safety, efficacy and injury prevention effects. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44:56–63
- ↵Faigenbaum AD, Kraemer WJ, Blimkie CJ, et al. Youth resistance training: updated position statement paper from the National Strength and Conditioning Association. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2009;23(5 Suppl):S60–S79
- Copyright © 2013 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

domain: health


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The WSCF AP HRJP Workshop with the theme, “Called to be God’s Instruments of Peace and Reconciliation” was held from July 12 to 18, 2009 at the Hope Training Center in Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh. The Workshop was attended by 30 participants from 12 member movements of WSCF AP and representatives from network members of EASYNet Bangladesh. Participants came from the following countries: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Philippines, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Aotearoa/New Zealand.
The HRJP Workshop aimed to mobilize Christian youth to work for human rights, justice and peace in Asia-Pacific countries by providing them the Faith motivation, knowledge, skills and framework of analysis for human rights, justice and peace advocacy work. In particular the Training‐Workshop aimed to:
The Workshop methodology and process included inputs from invited resource persons and facilitators who were knowledgeable in the field of Human Rights education and advocacy, group discussions and presentations by the participants on the HR situations in their countries, Bible studies and Biblico‐theological reflections on HR issues, exposure programs to areas with groups of people engaged in human rights advocacy, and sessions on developing the participants as Human Rights Defenders (HRDs) and helping them develop HR programs in their national movements.
Invited resource people included, Dr. Faustina Periera, the Director of Human Rights and Legal Services of BRAC, the biggest developmental NGO in Asia, spoke on the topic Human Rights from the Bangladesh Perspective. In her presentation, she clarified the fine line that differentiate between the concept of ‘human need’ and ‘human rights,’ and that human rights as tools and instruments has translated basic human needs such as food, water, shelter, education as ‘rights’ to be enjoyed by all. She also emphasized and explained the basic principles of Human Rights that of being universal, inalienable, indivisible, inherent and interrelated. And because of these principles, the Bangladesh perspective on human rights should not differ so much from other countries in Asia-Pacific, although the degree of violations and situation are different. Dr. James Dash, country director of Leprosy Mission in Bangladesh provided some thoughts on the biblical perspective on human rights, emphasizing that Christian belief that everyone is created in the Image of God and all are equal in God. He said, these are two of the most compelling Christian beliefs that will guide Christians in their Human Rights and social justice involvement. He also related his reflections on the theme of the program and the important role of the SCMs in challenging the churches in South Asia to engage in political processes, especially in advocating for human rights. He noted that churches in this sub‐region have confined themselves in traditional mission work in field of education, health service, and charity work.
Dr. Mizanur Rahman, Prof of Law from Dhaka University and Director of ELCOP revisited the HR concepts and related these concepts in the current global situation. He said that global political and economic structures have contributed in heightening of conflict situation and the worsening Human Rights situation in many countries in the region, particularly following the declaration of the ‘Global War on Terror’ by the US after 9/11.
Facilitators included Lakshan Dias, Human Rights lawyer and senior friend of SCM Sri Lanka, provided the basic input on the history, basic concept and tools of HR, HRDs and building SCM HR Programs. Lakshan pointed three important points in the historical development of HR. First, the realization of the need to develop a common framework for the UDHR to deal with global human problems is preceded by great human catastrophe, such as World War I and II. In the course of the development of Human Rights, the two super‐powers (US and USSR) led in the development of specific HR tools that will embody their ideological frameworks, the US and its allies promoted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which emphasizes on individual rights, freedom and liberties, while the USSR and Socialist block promoted the International Covenant on Economic and Social Rights (ICESR), emphasizing on the economic social collective rights of people. Third, HR concepts and tools are evolving in history as new rights are being recognized by the UN.
Doim Bangjoo, WSCF AP HR Coordinator led a Bible study on Human Rights and inter‐faith, using critical understanding of the various traditions and beliefs of other faith to enrich our understanding of Christian faith. Necta Montes Rocas, WSCF AP Regional Secretary provided some guidelines on doing Bible Study with a critical perspective. She pointed out the importance of dialogue between the text (bible) and context to reveal the message in the bible. The text should be understood in a particular historical context and should not be interpreted literally. While the context should begin with experiences of people as they try to find its meaning and relevance in the contemporary world. She shared that a re‐reading of the Bible from the feminist perspective is an example from which a new approach can be used to do bible studies for the SCMs. In her bible study session, she used Judges 19:1‐30, the story of “Levite’s Concubine” to illustrate this process by listen to the voice of the women in the text and finally, to discuss the issue of Violence Against Women in today’s context.
Three exposure groups were organized by the Local Host to provide the participants with concrete experiences of the lives of people who are engaged in HR struggles and advocacies in their own communities. The participants were divided to three areas learn about the rights of the Adivasis or indigenous people to land and self‐determination in Tangail, Mymensingh; the rights of sexual minorities and sex workers in Mymensigh; rights to just compensation of women garments workers in Dhaka.
In the Exposure Group Sharing, the groups were asked to reflect and present their exposure group experience according to the following guidelines:
The following is a summary of the exposure sharing and reports of each of the exposure groups.
The group shared the information they gathered from the conversations with the sex workers they in the exposure program. Out of the 251 sex workers in the area, 64 were ‘bonded’ sex workers and under 18 years of age. The primary reason for them to become sex workers is to earn money. Women feel that the brothel is the safest way to earn money. Others say that for the girls that have been brought up in the brothels, there is no way out but to become sex‐workers, like their mothers who are also sex workers. They believe that there is no other opportunity to survive and “Allah” gave them this misfortune. Most of them live in dirty and unhygienic environment, where they can easily get sick of ordinary illnesses. According to them, brothels are like prison with social stigma due to poverty.
The group also spent some time with MSMs or Men having sex with Men in the exposure area. The situation of MSM is hard to discuss in the Muslim country like Bangladesh as their existence is often denied and they cannot move freely within the society. Compared to women sex‐workers, the social discrimination against MSMs in family, school, health, police, employment/Income, local government is less. MSMs are mostly identified by their behavior, dress and make‐up. They explained that MSMs are pressured to become transgendered, to use drug to increase feminine hormones to become less vulnerable and more acceptable. They also want long term relationship, but they find this difficult because of cultural stereotypes (straight/gay issue).
Government Response to the issue:
People’s Response to the issue:
Learning Points from the Exposure
The education level of the women workers were relatively low, from a minimum of Class 5 (primary level) and maximum of Class 10 (secondary level). The average working age is between 21‐22 years old and the average period to time they have worked in the factory is 5‐6 years. The regular working hours is 9 hours including lunch break, but most of them work up to 15 hours a day to include 6 hours of over‐time. The monthly basic salary is 1565 Taka or USD $21.57 and overtime pay is 10.85 Taka per hour. Only workers in Tongi have holidays on Friday and Tuesday.
The garments factories in Bangladesh are concentrated in the so‐called BEPZ or Bangladesh Export Processing Zone side of colony. The garments produced in these factories are exported to Canada, USA, Australia, EU, China, Korea, Japan etc. In the BEPZ area, workers live far from the working factory and there is no additional payment for the over time working hours. The working hours in the BEPZ is from 8 am‐10 pm or 14 hours.
Most of the women workers come from families who are below the poverty line. Often, they do not know the labor laws, therefore they don’t know how to ask for just wages. Workers do not know about their working hours and the working category before they join in the factory. Some of the women are physically abused by their husband, but they cannot leave this situation because they have no options, they are poor and needs to work in the factory.
The factory owners hire gangsters to intimidate and push the workers to do their job in difficult situations without complaining. The factory owners discriminate and do not hire fat or thin people to work in the factory. Female workers are sexually harassed by the supervisors/managers/officers etc. Workers cannot highlight their physical condition (e.g. Pregnancy) to ensure that they are continuously employed. Under the law, pregnant woman have 16 weeks paid leave, but the reality is that Bangladesh government cannot compromise with the workers about their working right. Workers cannot get their job back if they leave.
The Exposure group noted the following Human Rights Violation Issues in the case of the women garment workers and related this with the UDHR:
Response of Government
What WSCF and SCM can do?
The group went to visit the Garo Tribe in Gachabari, Jalchatra, Mymensigh, a protected area under the Bangladesh government forest department. The Garo Tribe are predominantly Catholic Christians with a population of almost 10,000 people and 975 families. The Garo people are farmers producing, pineapple, banana, ginger and turmeric.
Jalchatra covers 45,000 acres land that used to be owned by the Adivasi (indigenous) people. 36000 acres of these land was taken over by government as a protected area, hence 9000 acres are now Adivasi land. Out of this, 15000 acres were taken by the business people and 21000 acres is still disputed. Garo people have been living in this land even before the govt. declared it a forest reserve in 1961. When the land was taken from the Adivasi, they were not given any compensation for their lands as they don’t have any knowledge about their rights to the land.
The exposure group studied two cases of right violation involving the Garo tribe. These were of Joel and Paulias case, and Roshan and Dapau case. The group met the wife and narrated that 5 forest cases were filed against his husband Paulias and 1 forest case against his son, Joel. Paulias has been in jail for 12 days and he is now living in Dhaka to seek refuge from the police. They showed us documents of the property which were rejected by the government. In the case of Roshan, 11 forest cases filed against him, including 11 other farmers (10 men, 1 woman).
With the group’s discussion with the leaders of the Indigenous ACDF(Adivasi Community Development Forum), they found out that it was in 1962 the forestry department issued the eviction notice against the Garo tribe, although the eviction notice has stopped now. Govt. and forestry dept. decided to make an eco‐park in the land, a boundary around 3000 acres of land.
The group noted the following Human Rights Violation issues against the Indigenous People and related these with the UDHR;
What can we do?
The participants were divided into three groups to share about the Human Rights situation in their counties. The following guide questions were given for the groups to follow:
The following is the summary of the sharing from each group. From these sharing, the each group identified a common theme and issue that they can work together and create an action plan.


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Coach Pep Guardiola values Ramos' experience and leadership qualities.
City are looking at offering him a tailored deal based on the player's form and own priorities: a two-year contract, with the possibility of a third if performance allows, or the alternative of a spell in Major League Soccer at City Football Group's New York City FC.
Ramos' contract at the Bernabeu expires on June 30 and his priority is still to renew with Madrid, but he will move on if an agreement with president Florentino Perez cannot be reached.
Sources told ESPN a meeting between the club captain and president is planned for the next few days when a definitive decision will be taken.
Negotiations have been stalled since the start of the season, and ESPN reported in January that City had taken an interest in Ramos' situation.
Guardiola believes a footballer with Ramos' qualities would increase the competitiveness and experience of the squad in such high-profile matches.
Young defender Eric Garcia is leaving to return to Barcelona and Nathan Ake played a limited role last season due to injuries -- making only 10 league appearances -- while Aymeric Laporte has gone from automatic pick to substitute over the last two years.
Ramos made just 15 La Liga appearances for Real Madrid himself, suffering a series of injuries which saw him left out of the Spain squad for Euro 2020 by coach Luis Enrique. However Guardiola believes that Ramos could play a Vincent Kompany-style role in the City squad.
Sources told ESPN that City's data analytics suggest Ramos' physical performance is akin to that of a much younger player, which is why the club would be willing to contemplate a two-year contract.
Ramos is aware of City's interest but wants to speak to Perez before taking a final decision.
He would like a two-year extension at Madrid, but so far the club have been unwilling to make an exception to their year-on-year policy for the over-30s.
Madrid have signed David Alaba to strengthen the defence ahead of next season, and it remains to be seen if Perez will concede and offer Ramos a deal that includes a second year, based on appearances.
The future of Ramos' centre-back partner Raphael Varane is also in doubt, with his contract expiring in 2022. Madrid would consider offers for the France international this summer if he chooses not to renew.