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Other equities analysts also recently issued research reports about the stock. HSBC Holdings plc downgraded shares of J D Wetherspoon plc to a hold rating and reduced their price target for the company from GBX 1,200 ($15.78) to GBX 1,090 ($14.34) in a report on Friday, September 1st. Morgan Stanley boosted their price target on shares of J D Wetherspoon plc from GBX 830 ($10.92) to GBX 910 ($11.97) and gave the company an underweight rating in a report on Monday, September 18th. Peel Hunt boosted their price target on shares of J D Wetherspoon plc from GBX 950 ($12.50) to GBX 1,100 ($14.47) and gave the company a reduce rating in a report on Wednesday, October 25th. Canaccord Genuity reissued a hold rating and set a GBX 1,040 ($13.68) price target on shares of J D Wetherspoon plc in a report on Friday, September 15th. Finally, Barclays PLC reissued an overweight rating and set a GBX 1,250 ($16.44) price target on shares of J D Wetherspoon plc in a report on Monday, September 18th. Seven investment analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, four have assigned a hold rating and three have given a buy rating to the stock. The stock currently has a consensus rating of Hold and an average price target of GBX 1,063.62 ($13.99).
J D Wetherspoon plc (JDW) traded up GBX 4 ($0.05) during trading on Thursday, reaching GBX 1,243 ($16.35). 106,294 shares of the company’s stock were exchanged, compared to its average volume of 171,077. J D Wetherspoon plc has a 1 year low of GBX 810 ($10.65) and a 1 year high of GBX 1,296 ($17.05).
The business also recently disclosed a dividend, which will be paid on Thursday, November 30th. Investors of record on Thursday, October 26th will be paid a dividend of GBX 8 ($0.11) per share. This is a boost from J D Wetherspoon plc’s previous dividend of $4.00. This represents a dividend yield of 0.67%. The ex-dividend date of this dividend is Thursday, October 26th.
In other J D Wetherspoon plc news, insider Nigel Connor sold 488 shares of the business’s stock in a transaction dated Monday, October 2nd. The shares were sold at an average price of GBX 1,229 ($16.16), for a total value of £5,997.52 ($7,888.36). Also, insider John Hutson purchased 12,126 shares of the company’s stock in a transaction on Wednesday, September 27th. The stock was acquired at an average price of GBX 1,278 ($16.81) per share, for a total transaction of £154,970.28 ($203,827.80). Over the last quarter, insiders acquired 12,160 shares of company stock worth $15,536,442.
J D Wetherspoon plc Company Profile
J D Wetherspoon plc owns and operates pubs throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. The Company aims to provide customers with food and drinks. The Company operates a trading estate of approximately 926 pubs. The Company operates over 40 hotels and approximately 900 rooms. The Company’s hotels include George Hotel, the Shrewsbury Hotel and the Unicorn, Ripon.
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The UnderRated Rom Com: 500 Days of Summer
In this week’s Upodcast we review the delightful quirky romantic comedy 500 Days of Summer starring Joseph Gordon Levitt and Zoey Deschanel directed by Marc Webb, director of the upcoming Spiderman movie. Is this an underrated gem or does it just belong on the shelf of romantic comedies studios seem to churn out? Or are the guys just trying to sort out their own personal demons with women? Check out the podcast after the jump!

domain: entertainment


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Assistant Athletic Trainer University of San Francisco
R0005224 USF Hilltop Campus
Job Title: Assistant Athletic Trainer
Job Summary: The Assistant Athletic Trainer will report to the Assistant Athletics Director for Athletic Training and will assist with the implementation of the athletic performance program for assigned sports. This position will assist with the organization of and manage the care, prevention, and rehabilitation of injuries for student-athletes. The Assistant Athletic Trainer will work cooperatively with student-athletes, coaches, and athletic department staff.
Full Job Description: DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
Implement the treatment, care and rehabilitation of injuries according to the protocols and standing orders developed by the Team Physicians and Head Athletic Trainer.
Work in conjunction with the entire Sports Medicine Staff, including team physicians and other medical personnel, to coordinate the health care and wellness of student-athletes.
Daily instruction of student-athletes on rehabilitation programs post injury in order to provide a safe return to athletic participation.
Educate student-athletes on general health habits that will assist in injury prevention and overall well-being.
Communication with coaches, administrators, and student-athletes of assigned team.
Injury reporting, tracking, documentation, and maintenance of medical charts.
Evaluate and direct emergency medical attention given when a student-athlete is seriously injured in practice or competition, through enforcement of safety procedures.
Assist with the organization and administration of all pre-participation physicals with physicians; coordinate medical clearance and eligibility for practice and competition.
Provide medical coverage for home and away athletic events, as assigned by the Head Athletic Trainer.
Assist the Head Athletic Trainer with the organization and administration of the Sports Medicine Department.
Maintain knowledge of evidence-based techniques in the prevention, care and rehabilitation of athletic injuries by attending clinics, seminars, and current periodicals.
To act as a liaison between student-athletes, coaches, parents, team physicians, strength and conditioning staff, and other sports medicine professionals on medical consultation matters.
Foster a commitment to diversity and inclusiveness throughout the department.
Other duties as assigned by the Head Athletic Trainer.
KNOWLEGDE, SKILLS, AND ABILITIES REQUIRED:
Master's degree preferred
Maintain current NATA BOC, CPR/AED, and first aid certification.
Knowledge of, and ability to apply NCAA rules as relevant to the position.
Willingness to travel extensively with assigned teams to away contests, and work irregular or extended work hours.
Strong organizational, interpersonal, communication and computer skills.
Professional communication with head coaches and coaching staffs, and support staff. Including but not limited to, student athlete emergency information, emergency action plans, scheduling and date to day coverage.
Proven ability to maintain confidentiality and discretion when handling sensitive matters involving student-athletes.
Possess the ability to lift, push, and pull equipment and/or materials up to 50 pounds for shorts distances, as well as manipulate the injured athlete.
Experience in athletic rehabilitation of injuries.
The University of San Francisco is located in the heart of one of the world’s most innovative and diverse cities, and is home to a vibrant academic community of students and faculty who achieve excellence in their fields. Its diverse student body enjoys direct access to faculty, small classes and outstanding opportunities in the city itself. USF is San Francisco's first university, and its Jesuit Catholic mission helps ignite a student’s passion for social justice and a desire to “Change the World From Here.” For more information, visit http://www.usfca.edu.

domain: health


AFTER WE REVIEW Northeast United vs Delhi Dynamos match we preview tonight's game between FC Goa and Chennaiyin.
WE LOOK back on India's win over England in the third Test at Mohali.
WE PREVIEW tonight's crucial match for Northeast United vs Delhi Dynamos.
WE REVIEW the second Test match between New Zealand and Pakistan that was held in Hamilton.
WE PREVIEW tonight's ISL clash between Atletico de Kolkata and Kerala Blasters as they fight it out for the top 4 spot.
WE REVIEW the third and final Test between Australia and South Africa.
WE REVIEW the ISL matches that took place over the weekend.
WE PREVIEW the third Test between India and England and give our fantasy tips for the same.
AFTER REVIEWING last night's match we preview the upcoming ISL matches over the weekend.
We preview the final Test between New Zealand and Pakistan and also give our fantasy picks for the same.
Get the latest in the world of Sports, Teams, and Players! Free Delivery to your Inbox.


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BALTIMORE G. & E. CO. V. NRDC, 462 U. S. 87 (1983)Subscribe to Cases that cite 462 U. S. 87
U.S. Supreme Court
Baltimore G. & E. Co. v. NRDC, 462 U.S. 87 (1983)
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v.
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
Argued April 19, 1983
Decided June 6, 1983
462 U.S. 87
CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR
THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT
Section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to consider the environmental impact of any major federal action. The dispute in these cases concerns the adoption by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) of a series of generic rules to evaluate the environmental effects of a nuclear powerplant's fuel cycle. In these rules, the NRC decided that licensing boards should assume, for purposes of NEPA, that the permanent storage of certain nuclear wastes would have no significant environmental impact (the so-called "zero release" assumption), and thus should not affect the decision whether to license a particular nuclear powerplant. At the heart of each rule is Table S-3, a numerical compilation of the estimated resources used and effluents released by fuel cycle activities supporting a year's operation of a typical light-water reactor. Challenges to the rules ultimately resulted in a decision by the Court of Appeals, on a petition for review of the final version of the rules, that the rules were arbitrary and capricious and inconsistent with NEPA because the NRC had not factored the consideration of uncertainties surrounding the zero release assumption into the licensing process in such a manner that the uncertainties could potentially affect the outcome of any decision to license a plant.
Held: The NRC complied with NEPA, and its decision is not arbitrary or capricious within the meaning of § 10(e) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). Pp. 462 U. S. 97-108.
(a) The zero release assumption, which was designed for the limited purpose of individual licensing decisions and which is but a single figure in Table S-3, is within the bounds of reasoned decisionmaking required by the APA. The NRC, in its statement announcing the final Table S-3 rule, summarized the major uncertainties of long-term storage of nuclear wastes, noted that the probability of intrusion was small, and found the evidence "tentative but favorable" that an appropriate storage site chanrobles.com-red
could be found. Table S-3 refers interested persons to staff studies that discuss the uncertainties in greater detail. In these circumstances, the NRC complied with NEPA's requirements of consideration and disclosure of the environmental impacts of its licensing decisions. It is not the task of this Court to determine what decision it would have reached if it had been the NRC. The Court's only task is to determine whether the NRC had considered the relevant factors and articulated a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made. Under this standard, the zero release assumption, within the context of Table S-3 as a whole, was not arbitrary or capricious. Pp. 462 U. S. 97-106.
(b) It is inappropriate to cast doubt on the licensing proceedings simply because of a minor ambiguity in the language of an earlier rule as to whether licensing boards were required to consider health effects, socioeconomic effects, or cumulative impacts, where there is no evidence that this ambiguity prevented any party from making as full a presentation as desired or ever affected the decision to license a plant. Pp. 462 U. S. 106-108.
222 U.S.App.D.C. 9, 685 F.2d 459, reversed.
O'CONNOR, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which all other Members joined, except POWELL, J., who took no part in the consideration or decision of the cases. chanrobles.com-red
JUSTICE O'CONNOR delivered the opinion of the Court.
Section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 83 Stat. 853, 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(C) (NEPA), requires federal agencies to consider the environmental impact of any major federal action. [Footnote 1] As part of its generic rulemaking proceedings to evaluate the environmental effects of the nuclear fuel cycle for nuclear powerplants, the Nuclear chanrobles.com-red
Regulatory Commission (Commission) [Footnote 2] decided that licensing boards should assume, for purposes of NEPA, that the permanent storage of certain nuclear wastes would have no significant environmental impact, and thus should not affect the decision whether to license a particular nuclear powerplant. We conclude that the Commission complied with NEPA, and that its decision is not arbitrary or capricious within the meaning of § 10(e) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. § 706. [Footnote 3]
The environmental impact of operating a light-water nuclear powerplant [Footnote 4]includes the effects of off-site activities necessary to provide fuel for the plant ("front end" activities), and of off-site activities necessary to dispose of the highly toxic and long-lived nuclear wastes generated by the plant ("back end" activities). The dispute in these cases concerns chanrobles.com-red
the Commission's adoption of a series of generic rules to evaluate the environmental effects of a nuclear powerplant's fuel cycle. At the heart of each rule is Table S-3, a numerical compilation of the estimated resources used and effluents released by fuel cycle activities supporting a year's operation of a typical light-water reactor. [Footnote 5] The three versions of Table S-3 contained similar numerical values, although the supporting documentation has been amplified during the course of the proceedings.
The Commission first adopted Table S-3 in 1974, after extensive informal rulemaking proceedings. 39 Fed.Reg. 14188 et seq. (1974). This "original" rule, as it later came to be described, declared that in environmental reports and impact statements for individual licensing proceedings the environmental costs of the fuel cycle "shall be as set forth" in Table S-3, and that "[n]o further discussion of such environmental effects shall be required." Id. at 14191. [Footnote 6] The original Table S-3 contained no numerical entry for the long-term chanrobles.com-red
environmental effects of storing solidified transuranic and high-level wastes, [Footnote 7] because the Commission staff believed that technology would be developed to isolate the wastes from the environment. The Commission and the parties have later termed this assumption of complete repository integrity as the "zero release" assumption: the reasonableness of this assumption is at the core of the present controversy.
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a respondent in the present cases, challenged the original rule and a license issued under the rule to the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed Table S-3's treatment of the "front end" of the fuel cycle, but vacated and remanded the portion of the rule relating to the "back end" because of perceived inadequacies in the rulemaking procedures. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. NRC, 178 U.S.App.D.C. 336, 547 F.2d 633 (1976). Judge Tamm disagreed that the procedures were inadequate, but concurred on the ground that the record on waste storage was inadequate to support the zero release assumption. Id. at 361, 547 F.2d 658.
In Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 435 U. S. 519 (1978), this Court unanimously reversed the Court of Appeals' decision that the Commission had used inadequate procedures, finding that the Commission had done all that was required by NEPA and the APA and determining that courts generally lack the authority to impose "hybrid" procedures greater than those contemplated by the governing statutes. We remanded for review of whether the original rule was adequately supported by the administrative record, specifically chanrobles.com-red
stating that the court was free to agree or disagree with Judge Tamm's conclusion that the rule pertaining to the "back end" of the fuel cycle was arbitrary and capricious within the meaning of § 10(e) of the APA, 5 U.S.C. § 706. Id. at 536, n. 14.
While Vermont Yankee was pending in this Court, the Commission proposed a new "interim" rulemaking proceeding to determine whether to adopt a revised Table S-3. The proposal explicitly acknowledged that the risks from long-term repository failure were uncertain, but suggested that research should resolve most of those uncertainties in the near future. 41 Fed.Reg. 45850-45851 (1976). After further proceedings, the Commission promulgated the interim rule in March 1977. Table S-3 now explicitly stated that solidified high-level and transuranic wastes would remain buried in a federal repository, and therefore would have no effect on the environment. 42 Fed.Reg. 13807 (1977). Like its predecessor, the interim rule stated that "[n]o further discussion of such environmental effects shall be required." Id. at 13806. The NRDC petitioned for review of the interim rule, challenging the zero release assumption and faulting the Table S-3 rule for failing to consider the health, cumulative, and socioeconomic effects of the fuel cycle activities. The Court of Appeals stayed proceedings while awaiting this Court's decision in Vermont Yankee. In April, 1978, the Commission amended the interim rule to clarify that health effects were not covered by Table S-3 and could be litigated in individual licensing proceedings. 43 Fed.Reg. 15613 et seq. (1978).
In 1979, following further hearings, the Commission adopted the "final" Table S-3 rule. 44 Fed.Reg. 45362 et seq. (1979). Like the amended interim rule, the final rule expressly stated that Table S-3 should be supplemented in individual proceedings by evidence about the health, socioeconomic, and cumulative aspects of fuel cycle activities. The Commission also continued to adhere to the zero release chanrobles.com-red
assumption that the solidified waste would not escape and harm the environment once the repository was sealed. It acknowledged that this assumption was uncertain because of the remote possibility that water might enter the repository, dissolve the radioactive materials, and transport them to the biosphere. Nevertheless, the Commission predicted that a bedded-salt repository would maintain its integrity, and found the evidence "tentative but favorable" that an appropriate site would be found. Id. at 45368. The Commission ultimately determined that any undue optimism in the assumption of appropriate selection and perfect performance of the repository is offset by the cautious assumption, reflected in other parts of the Table, that all radioactive gases in the spent fuel would escape during the initial 6- to 20-year period that the repository remained open, ibid., and thus did not significantly reduce the overall conservatism of Table S-3. Id. at 45369.
The Commission rejected the option of expressing the uncertainties in Table S-3 or permitting licensing boards, in performing the NEPA analysis for individual nuclear plants, to consider those uncertainties. It saw no advantage in reassessing the significance of the uncertainties in individual licensing proceedings:
"In view of the uncertainties noted regarding waste disposal, the question then arises whether these uncertainties can or should be reflected explicitly in the fuel cycle rule. The Commission has concluded that the rule should not be so modified. On the individual reactor licensing level, where the proceedings deal with fuel cycle issues only peripherally, the Commission sees no advantage in having licensing boards repeatedly weigh for themselves the effect of uncertainties on the selection of fuel cycle impacts for use in cost-benefit balancing. This is a generic question properly dealt with in the rulemaking as part of choosing what impact values should go into the fuel cycle rule. The Commission concludes, having
noted that uncertainties exist, that, for the limited purpose of the fuel cycle rule, it is reasonable to base impacts on the assumption which the Commission believes the probabilities favor, i.e., that bedded-salt repository sites can be found which will provide effective isolation of radioactive waste from the biosphere."
Id. at 45369.
The NRDC and respondent State of New York petitioned for review of the final rule. The Court of Appeals consolidated these petitions for all purposes with the pending challenges to the initial and interim rules. [Footnote 8] By a divided panel, [Footnote 9] the court concluded that the Table S-3 rules were arbitrary and capricious and inconsistent with NEPA because the Commission had not factored the consideration of uncertainties surrounding the zero release assumption into the licensing process in such a manner that the uncertainties could potentially affect the outcome of any decision to license a particular plant. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. NRC, 222 U.S.App.D.C. 9, 685 F.2d 459 (1982). The court first reasoned that NEPA requires an agency to consider all significant environmental risks from its proposed action. If the zero release assumption is taken as a finding that long-term storage poses no significant environmental chanrobles.com-red
risk, which the court acknowledged may not have been the Commission's intent, it found that the assumption represents a self-evident error in judgment, and is thus arbitrary and capricious. As the evidence in the record reveals and the Commission itself acknowledged, the zero release assumption is surrounded with uncertainty.
Alternatively, reasoned the Court of Appeals, the zero release assumption could be characterized as a decisionmaking device whereby the Commission, rather than individual licensing boards, would have sole responsibility for considering the risk that long-lived wastes will not be disposed of with complete success. The court recognized that the Commission could use generic rulemaking to evaluate environmental costs common to all licensing decisions. Indeed, the Commission could use generic rulemaking to balance generic costs and benefits to produce a generic "net value." These generic evaluations could then be considered together with case-specific costs and benefits in individual proceedings. The key requirement of NEPA, however, is that the agency consider and disclose the actual environmental effects in a manner that will ensure that the overall process, including both the generic rulemaking and the individual proceedings, brings those effects to bear on decisions to take particular actions that significantly affect the environment. The Court of Appeals concluded that the zero release assumption was not in accordance with this NEPA requirement, because the assumption prevented the uncertainties -- which were not found to be insignificant or outweighed by other generic benefits -- from affecting any individual licensing decision. Alternatively, by requiring that the licensing decision ignore factors that are relevant under NEPA, the zero release assumption is a clear error in judgment, and thus arbitrary and capricious.
We granted certiorari. 459 U.S. 1034 (1982). We reverse. chanrobles.com-red
We are acutely aware that the extent to which this Nation should rely on nuclear power as a source of energy is an important and sensitive issue. Much of the debate focuses on whether development of nuclear generation facilities should proceed in the face of uncertainties about their long-term effects on the environment. Resolution of these fundamental policy questions lies, however, with Congress and the agencies to which Congress has delegated authority, as well as with state legislatures and, ultimately, the populace as a whole. Congress has assigned the courts only the limited, albeit important, task of reviewing agency action to determine whether the agency conformed with controlling statutes. As we emphasized in our earlier encounter with these very proceedings,
"[a]dministrative decisions should be set aside in this context, as in every other, only for substantial procedural or substantive reasons as mandated by statute . . . , not simply because the court is unhappy with the result reached."
Vermont Yankee, 435 U.S. at 435 U. S. 558.
The controlling statute at issue here is NEPA. NEPA has twin aims. First, it "places upon an agency the obligation to consider every significant aspect of the environmental impact of a proposed action." Vermont Yankee, supra, at 435 U. S. 553. Second, it ensures that the agency will inform the public that it has indeed considered environmental concerns in its decisionmaking process. Weinberger v. Catholic Action of Hawaii/Peace Education Project, 454 U. S. 139, 454 U. S. 143 (1981). Congress in enacting NEPA, however, did not require agencies to elevate environmental concerns over other appropriate considerations. See Stryckers' Bay Neighborhood Council v. Karlen, 444 U. S. 223, 444 U. S. 227 (1980) (per curiam). Rather, it required only that the agency take a "hard look" at the environmental consequences before taking a major action. See Kleppe v. Sierra Club, 427 U. S. 390, 427 U. S. 410, n. 21 (1976). The role of the courts is simply to ensure that the chanrobles.com-red
agency has adequately considered and disclosed the environmental impact of its actions, and that its decision is not arbitrary or capricious. See generally Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U. S. 402, 401 U. S. 415-417 (1971).
In its Table S-3 rule here, the Commission has determined that the probabilities favor the zero release assumption, because the Nation is likely to develop methods to store the wastes with no leakage to the environment. The NRDC did not challenge, and the Court of Appeals did not decide, the reasonableness of this determination, 222 U.S.App.D.C. at 28, n. 96, 685 F.2d 478, n. 96, and no party seriously challenges it here. The Commission recognized, however, that the geological, chemical, physical, and other data it relied on in making this prediction were based, in part, on assumptions which involve substantial uncertainties. Again, no one suggests that the uncertainties are trivial or the potential effects insignificant if time proves the zero release assumption to have been seriously wrong. After confronting the issue, though, the Commission has determined that the uncertainties concerning the development of nuclear waste storage facilities are not sufficient to affect the outcome of any individual licensing decision. [Footnote 10]
It is clear that the Commission, in making this determination, has made the careful consideration and disclosure required by NEPA. The sheer volume of proceedings before the Commission is impressive. [Footnote 11] Of far greater importance, chanrobles.com-red
the Commission's Statement of Consideration announcing the final Table S-3 rule shows that it has digested this mass of material and disclosed all substantial risks. 44 Fed.Reg. 45367-45369 (1979). The Statement summarizes the major uncertainty of long-term storage in bedded-salt repositories, which is that water could infiltrate the repository as a result of such diverse factors as geologic faulting, a meteor strike, or accidental or deliberate intrusion by man. The Commission noted that the probability of intrusion was small, and that the plasticity of salt would tend to heal some types of intrusions. The Commission also found the evidence "tentative but favorable" that an appropriate site could be found. Table S-3 refers interested persons to staff studies that discuss the uncertainties in greater detail. [Footnote 12] Given this record chanrobles.com-red
and the Commission's statement, it simply cannot be said that the Commission ignored or failed to disclose the uncertainties surrounding its zero release assumption.
Congress did not enact NEPA, of course, so that an agency would contemplate the environmental impact of an action as an abstract exercise. Rather, Congress intended that the "hard look" be incorporated as part of the agency's process of deciding whether to pursue a particular federal action. It was on this ground that the Court of Appeals faulted the Commission's action, for failing to allow the uncertainties potentially to "tip the balance" in a particular licensing decision. As a general proposition, we can agree with the Court of Appeals' determination that an agency must allow all significant environmental risks to be factored into the decision whether to undertake a proposed action. We think, however, that the Court of Appeals erred in concluding that the Commission had not complied with this standard.
As Vermont Yankee made clear, NEPA does not require agencies to adopt any particular internal decisionmaking structure. Here, the agency has chosen to evaluate generically chanrobles.com-red
the environmental impact of the fuel cycle and inform individual licensing boards, through the Table S-3 rule, of its evaluation. The generic method chosen by the agency is clearly an appropriate method of conducting the "hard look" required by NEPA. See Vermont Yankee, 435 U.S. at 435 U. S. 535, n. 13. The environmental effects of much of the fuel cycle are not plant-specific, for any plant, regardless of its particular attributes, will create additional wastes that must be stored in a common long-term repository. Administrative efficiency and consistency of decision are both furthered by a generic determination of these effects without needless repetition of the litigation in individual proceedings, which are subject to review by the Commission in any event. See generally Ecology Action v. AEC, 492 F.2d 998, 1002, n. 5 (CA2 1974) (Friendly, J.) (quoting Administrative Conference Proposed Recommendation 73-6).
The Court of Appeals recognized that the Commission has discretion to evaluate generically the environmental effects of the fuel cycle and require that these values be "plugged into" individual licensing decisions. The court concluded that the Commission nevertheless violated NEPA by failing to factor the uncertainty surrounding long-term storage into Table S-3 and precluding individual licensing decisionmakers from considering it.
The Commission's decision to affix a zero value to the environmental impact of long-term storage would violate NEPA, however, only if the Commission acted arbitrarily and capriciously in deciding generically that the uncertainty was insufficient to affect any individual licensing decision. In assessing whether the Commission's decision is arbitrary and capricious, it is crucial to place the zero release assumption in context. Three factors are particularly important. First is the Commission's repeated emphasis that the zero release assumption -- and, indeed, all of the Table S-3 rule -- was made for a limited purpose. The Commission expressly noted its intention to supplement the rule with an explanatory narrative. [Footnote 13] chanrobles.com-red
It also emphasized that the purpose of the rule was not to evaluate or select the most effective long-term waste disposal technology or develop site selection criteria. A separate an comprehensive series of programs has been undertaken to serve these broader purposes. [Footnote 14] In the proceedings before us, the Commission's staff did not attempt to evaluate the environmental effects of all possible methods of disposing of waste. Rather, it chose to analyze intensively the most probable long-term waste disposal method -- burial in a bedded-salt repository several hundred meters below ground -- and then "estimate its impacts conservatively, based on the best available information and analysis." 44 Fed.Reg. 45363 (1979). [Footnote 15] The zero release assumption cannot be evaluated in isolation. Rather, it must be assessed in relation to the limited purpose for which the Commission made the assumption.
Second, the Commission emphasized that the zero release assumption is but a single figure in an entire Table, which the chanrobles.com-red
Commission expressly designed as a risk-averse estimate of the environmental impact of the fuel cycle. It noted that Table S-3 assumed that the fuel storage canisters and the fuel rod cladding would be corroded before a repository is closed, and that all volatile materials in the fuel would escape to the environment. [Footnote 16] Given that assumption, and the improbability that materials would escape after sealing, the Commission determined that the overall Table represented a conservative (i.e., inflated) statement of environmental impacts. It is not unreasonable for the Commission to counteract the uncertainties in post-sealing releases by balancing them with an overestimate of pre-sealing releases. [Footnote 17] A reviewing court should not magnify a single line item beyond its significance as only part of a larger Table.
Third, a reviewing court must remember that the Commission is making predictions, within its area of special expertise, at the frontiers of science. When examining this kind of scientific determination, as opposed to simple findings of fact, a reviewing court must generally be at its most deferential. See, e.g., Industrial Union Dept. v. American Petroleum Institute, 448 U. S. 607, 448 U. S. 656 (1980) (plurality opinion); id. at 448 U. S. 705-706 (MARSHALL, J., dissenting). chanrobles.com-red
With these three guides in mind, we find the Commission's zero release assumption to be within the bounds of reasoned decisionmaking required by the APA. We have already noted that the Commission's Statement of Consideration detailed several areas of uncertainty, and discussed why they were insubstantial for purposes of an individual licensing decision. The Table S-3 rule also refers to the staff reports, public documents that contain a more expanded discussion of the uncertainties involved in concluding that long-term storage will have no environmental effects. These staff reports recognize that rigorous verification of long-term risks for waste repositories is not possible, but suggest that data and extrapolation of past experience allow the Commission to identify events that could produce repository failure, estimate the probability of those events, and calculate the resulting consequences. NUREG-0116 at 4-86. [Footnote 18] The Commission staff also modeled the consequences of repository failure by tracing the flow of contaminated water, and found them to be insignificant. Id. at 4-89 through 4-94. Ultimately, the staff concluded that
"[t]he radiotoxic hazard index analyses and the modeling studies that have been done indicate that consequences of all but the most improbable events will be small.
Risks (probabilities times consequences) inherent in the long-term for geological disposal will therefore also be small."
Id. at 2-11.
We also find significant the separate views of Commissioners Bradford and Gilinsky. These Commissioners expressed dissatisfaction with the zero release assumption, and yet emphasized the limited purpose of the assumption and the overall conservatism of Table S-3. Commissioner Bradford characterized the bedded-salt repository as a responsible working assumption for NEPA purposes, and concurred in the zero release figure because it does not appear to affect Table S-3's overall conservatism. 44 Fed.Reg. 45372 (1979). Commissioner Gilinsky was more critical of the entire Table, stating that the Commission should confront directly whether it should license any nuclear reactors in light of the problems of waste disposal, rather than hide an affirmative conclusion to this issue behind a table of numbers. He emphasized that the "waste confidence proceeding," see n 14, supra, should provide the Commission an appropriate vehicle for a thorough evaluation of the problems involved in the Government's commitment to a waste disposal solution. For the limited purpose of individual licensing proceedings, however, Commissioner Gilinsky found it "virtually inconceivable" that the Table should affect the decision whether to license, and characterized as "naive" the notion that the fuel cycle effluents could tip the balance in some cases and not in others. 44 Fed.Reg. 45374 (1979).
In sum, we think that the zero release assumption -- a policy judgment concerning one line in a conservative Table designed for the limited purpose of individual licensing decisions -- is within the bounds of reasoned decisionmaking. It is not our task to determine what decision we, as Commissioners, would have reached. Our only task is to determine whether the Commission has considered the relevant factors and articulated a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made. 419 U. S. 285-286 (1974); Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe,@ 401 U. S. 402 (1971). Under this standard, we think the Commission's zero release assumption, within the context of Table S-3 as a whole, was not arbitrary and capricious.
As we have noted, n 5, supra, Table S-3 describes effluents and other impacts in technical terms. The Table does not convert that description into tangible effects on human health or other environmental variables. The original and interim rules declared that
"the contribution of the environmental effects of . . . fuel cycle activities . . . shall be as set forth in the following Table S-3 [and] [n]o further discussion of such environmental effects shall be required."
39 Fed.Reg. 14191 (1974); 42 Fed.Reg. 13806 (1977). Since the Table does not specifically mention health effects, socioeconomic impacts, or cumulative impacts, this declaration does not clearly require or preclude their discussion. The Commission later amended the interim rule to clarify that health effects were not covered by Table S-3 and could be litigated in individual licensing proceedings. In the final rule, the Commission expressly required licensing boards to consider the socioeconomic and cumulative effects in addition to the health effects of the releases projected in the Table. 44 Fed.Reg. 45371 (1979). [Footnote 19]
The Court of Appeals held that the original and interim rules violated NEPA by precluding licensing boards from considering the health, socioeconomic, and cumulative effects of the environmental impacts stated in technical terms. As does the Commission, we agree with the Court of Appeals that NEPA requires an EIS to disclose the significant health, socioeconomic, and cumulative consequences of the environmental chanrobles.com-red
impact of a proposed action. See Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy, 460 U. S. 766 (1983); Kleppe v. Sierra Club, 427 U.S. at 427 U. S. 410; 40 CFR §§ 1508.7, 1508.8 (1982). We find no basis, however, for the Court of Appeals' conclusion that the Commission ever precluded a licensing board from considering these effects.
It is true, as the Commission pointed out in explaining why it modified the language in the earlier rules, that the original Table S-3 rule "at least initially was apparently interpreted as cutting off" discussion of the effects of effluent releases. 44 Fed.Reg. 45364 (1979). But even the notice accompanying the earlier versions stated that the Table was "to be used as a basis for evaluating the environmental effects in a cost-benefit analysis for a reactor," 39 Fed.Reg. 14190 (1974) (emphasis added), suggesting that individual licensing boards were to assess the consequences of effluent releases. And when, operating under the initial rule, the Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Board suggested the desirability of discussing health effects for comparing nuclear with coal plants, In re Tennessee Valley Authority (Hartsville Nuclear Plant Units), 5 N.R.C. 92, 103, n. 52 (1977), the Commission staff was allowed to introduce evidence of public health consequences. Cf. In re Public Service Company of Indiana (Marble Hill Nuclear Generating Station), 7 N.R.C. 179, 187 (1978).
Respondents have pointed to no case where evidence concerning health or other consequences of the data in Table S-3 was excluded from licensing proceedings. We think our admonition in Vermont Yankee applies with equal force here:
"[W]hile it is true that NEPA places upon an agency the obligation to consider every significant aspect of the environmental impact of a proposed action, it is still incumbent upon intervenors who wish to participate to structure their participation so that it is meaningful, so that it alerts the agency to the intervenors' position and contentions."
435 U.S. at 435 U. S. 553. chanrobles.com-red
In short, we find it totally inappropriate to cast doubt on licensing proceedings simply because of a minor ambiguity in the language of the earlier rule under which the environmental impact statement was made, when there is no evidence that this ambiguity prevented any party from making as full a presentation as desired, or ever affected the decision to license the plant.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit is
JUSTICE POWELL took no part in the consideration or decision of these cases. chanrobles.com-red
APPENDIX TO THE OPINION OF THE COURT
Table S-3 -- Table of Uranium Fuel Cycle Environmental Data
[Normalized to model LWR annuel fuel requirement [WASH-1248]
or reference reactor year [NUREG-0116]]
* Together with No. 82-545, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission et al. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., et al.; and No. 82-551, Commonwealth Edison Co. et al. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., et al., also on certiorari to the same court.
Section 102(2)(C) provides:
"The Congress authorizes and directs that, to the fullest extent possible . . . (2) all agencies of the Federal Government shall -- "
* * * *
"(c) include in every recommendation or report on proposals for legislation and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, a detailed statement by the responsible official on -- "
"(i) the environmental impact of the proposed action,"
"(ii) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, [and]"
* * * *
"(v) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented."
The original Table S-3 rule was promulgated by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). Congress abolished the AEC in the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, 42 U.S.C. § 5801 et seq., and transferred its licensing and regulatory functions to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The interim and final rules were promulgated by the NRC. This opinion will use the term "Commission" to refer to both the NRC and the predecessor AEC.
Title 5 U.S.C. § 706 states in part:
"The reviewing court shall -- "
"(2) hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be -- "
"(A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law."
A light-water nuclear powerplant is one that uses ordinary water (H^20), as opposed to heavy water (D^20), to remove the heat generated in the nuclear core. See Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia 1998, 2008 (D. Considine & G. Considine eds., 6th ed.1983). The bulk of the reactors in the United States are light-water nuclear reactors. NRC Ann. Rep. Appendix 6 (1980).
For example, the tabulated impacts include the acres of land committed to fuel cycle activities, the amount of water discharged by such activities, fossil fuel consumption, and chemical and radiological effluents (measured in curies), all normalized to the annual fuel requirement for a model 1,000 megawatt light-water reactor. See Table S-3, reprinted in the Appendix, infra [omitted].
Under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, 68 Stat. 919, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2011 et seq., a utility seeking to construct and operate a nuclear powerplant must obtain a separate permit or license at both the construction and the operation stage of the project. After the Commission's staff has examined the application for a construction license, which includes a review of possible environmental effects as required by NEPA, a three-member Atomic Safety and Licensing Board conducts a public adjudicatory hearing and reaches a decision which can be appealed to the Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Board and, in the Commission's discretion, to the Commission itself. The final agency decision may be appealed to the courts of appeals. A similar procedure occurs when the utility applies for an operating license, except that a hearing need be held only in contested cases. See Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 435 U. S. 519, 435 U. S. 526-527 (1978).
High-level wastes, which are highly radioactive, are produced in liquid form when spent fuel is reprocessed. Transuranic wastes, which are also highly toxic, are nuclides heavier than uranium that are produced in the reactor fuel. See Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. NRC, 222 U.S.App.D.C. 9, 16, n. 11, 685 F.2d 459, 466, n. 11 (1982).
In Vermont Yankee, we indicated that the Court of Appeals could consider any additions made to the record by the Commission, and could consolidate review of the initial review with review of later rules. 435 U.S. at 435 U. S. 537, n. 14. Consistent with this direction, the parties stipulated that all three versions of the rule could be reviewed on the basis of the whole record. See 222 U.S.App.D.C. at 21, n. 39, 685 F.2d 471, n. 39.
Judge Bazelon wrote the opinion for the court. Judge Wilkey joined the section of the opinion that rejected New York's argument that the waste disposal technology assumed for calculation of certain effluent release values was economically infeasible. That issue is not before us. Judge Wilkey filed a dissenting opinion on the issues that are under review here. Judge Edwards of the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation, joined these sections of Judge Bazelon's opinion, and also filed a separate opinion concurring in part and dissenting on the economic infeasibility issue.
As the Court of Appeals recognized, 222 U.S.App.D.C. at 31, n. 118, 685 F.2d 481, n. 118, the Commission became increasingly candid in acknowledging the uncertainties underlying permanent waste disposal. Because all three versions of Table S-3 use the same zero release assumption, and the parties stipulated that the entire record be used in reviewing all three versions, see n 8, supra, we need review only the propriety of the final Table S-3 rule. We leave for another day any general concern with an agency whose initial Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is insufficient but who later adequately supplements its consideration and disclosure of the environmental impact of its action.
The record includes more than 1,100 pages of prepared direct testimony, two rounds of questions by participants and several hundred pages of responses, 1,200 pages of oral hearings, participants' rebuttal testimony, concluding statements, the 137-page report of the hearing board, further written statements from participants, and oral argument before the Commission. The Commission staff has prepared three studies of the environmental effects of the fuel cycle: Environmental Survey of the Uranium Fuel Cycle, WASH-1248 (Apr.1974); Environmental Survey of the Reprocessing and Waste Management Portions of the LWR Fuel Cycle, NUREG-0116 (Supp. I to WASH-1248) (Oct.1976) (hereinafter cited as NUREG-0116); and Public Comments and Task Force Responses Regarding the Environmental Survey of the Reprocessing and Waste Management Portions of the LWR Fuel Cycle, NUREG-0216 (Supp. 2 to WASH-1248) (Mar.1977).
We are reviewing here only the Table S-3 rulemaking proceedings, and do not have before us an individual EIS that incorporates Table S-3. It is clear that the Statement of Consideration supporting the Table S-3 rule adequately discloses the environmental uncertainties considered by the Commission. However, Table S-3 itself refers to other documents, but gives only brief descriptions of the environmental effects it encapsulates. There is some concern with an EIS that relies too heavily on separate documents, rather than addressing the concerns directly. Although we do not decide whether they have binding effect on an independent agency such as the Commission, it is worth noting that the guidelines from the Council on Environmental Quality in effect during these proceedings required that
"care should be taken to ensure that the statement remains an essentially self-contained instrument, capable of being understood by the reader without the need for undue cross reference."
38 Fed.Reg. 20554 (1973), 40 CFR § 1500.8(b) (1974). The present regulations state that incorporation by reference is permissible if it will not "imped[e] agency and public review of the action. The incorporated material shall be cited in the statement and its content briefly described." 40 CFR § 1502.21 (1982). The Court of Appeals noted that NEPA "requires an agency to do more than to scatter its evaluation of environmental damage among various public documents," 222 U.S.App.D.C. at 34, 685 F.2d 484, but declined to find that the incorporation of other documents by reference would invalidate an EIS that used Table S-3 to describe the environmental impact of the fuel cycle. The parties here do not treat this insufficient disclosure argument as a separate argument and, like the Court of Appeals, we decline to strike down the rule on this ground. We do not deny the value of an EIS that can be understood without extensive cross-reference. The staff documents referred to in Table S-3 are public documents, however, and we note that the Commission has proposed an explanatory narrative to accompany Table S-3, which would be included in an individual EIS, that may alleviate some of the concerns of incorporation. See n 13, infra.
In March 1981, the Commission submitted a version of the explanatory narrative for public comment as a proposed amendment to the final fuel cycle rule. 46 Fed.Reg. 15154 (1981). The Commission has not yet adopted a final narrative.
In response to Minnesota v. NRC, 195 U.S.App.D.C. 234, 602 F.2d 412 (1979), the Commission has initiated a "waste confidence" proceeding to consider the most recent evidence regarding the likelihood that nuclear waste can be safely disposed of and when that, or some other off-site storage solution, can be accomplished. 44 Fed.Reg. 61372 et seq. (1979). See id. at 45363. The recently enacted Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Pub.L. 97-425, 96 Stat. 2201, 42 U.S.C. § 10101 et seq. (1982 ed.), has set up a schedule for identifying site locations and a funding mechanism for development of permanent waste repositories. The Environmental Protection Agency has also proposed standards for future waste repositories, 47 Fed.Reg. 58196 et seq. (1982).
For example, Table S-3 assumes that plutonium will not be recycled. The Commission noted that, in response to a Presidential directive, it had terminated separate proceedings concerning the possibility of recycling plutonium in mixed oxide fuel. 44 Fed.Reg. 45369, n. 28 (1979). See In re Mixed Oxide Fuel, 6 N.R.C. 861 (1977); In re Mixed Oxide Fuel, 7 N.R.C. 711 (1978).
The Commission also increased the overall conservatism of the Table by overestimating the amount of fuel consumed by a reactor, underestimating the amount of electricity produced, and then underestimating the efficiency of filters and other protective devices. See Conclusions and Recommendations of the Hearing Board Regarding the Environmental Effects of the Uranium Fuel Cycle, Docket No. Rm 50-3, App. to Pet. for Cert. in No. 82-524, pp. 282a-293a. Additionally, Table S-3, which analyzes both a uranium-recycle and no-recycle system, conservatively lists, for each effluent, the highest of the two releases that would be expected under each cycle. 41 Fed.Reg. 45849, 45850 (1976).
The Court of Appeals recognized that the Commission could weigh certain generic costs and benefits of reactors against each other to produce a generic "net value" to be used in individual licensing proceedings. 222 U.S.App.D.C. at 32, 685 F.2d 482. We see no reason why the Commission does not have equal discretion to evaluate certain environmental costs together to produce a generic net cost.
For example, using this approach, the staff estimated that a meteor the size necessary to damage a repository would hit a given square kilometer of the earth's surface only once every 50 trillion years, and that geologic faulting through the Delaware Basin in southeast New Mexico (assuming that were the site of the repository) would occur once in 25 billion years. NUREG-0116 at 4-87. The staff determined that a surface burst of a 50 megaton nuclear weapon, far larger than any currently deployed, would not breach the repository. Ibid. The staff also recognized the possibility that heat generated by the waste would damage the repository, but suggested this problem could be alleviated by decreasing the density of the stored waste. In recognition that this suggestion would increase the size of the repository, the Commission amended Table S-3 to reflect the greater acreage required under these assumptions. See 44 Fed.Reg. 45369 (1979).
Of course, just as the Commission has discretion to evaluate generically aspects of the environmental impact of the fuel cycle, it has discretion to have other aspects of the issue decided in individual licensing decisions.

domain: law


Tata Motors revealed the RACEMO – the first model under their new sub-brand Tamo
A few weeks back at a press conference in Mumbai, India, Tata Motors announced the launch of their sub-brand Tamo. Announcing their future strategy, the company said Tamo will be positioned as a low-volume experimental sub-brand. Now, the Sanand-based carmaker has revealed to the press the first model under the Tamo sub-brand – the RACEMO.
So, what is this RACEMO? Before we tell you what it is, here’s what it can do. The RACEMO can cross the 100km/h marker from standstill in under 6 seconds. And to achieve that it has been fitted with a light-weight aluminium 1.2-litre turbocharged motor that makes 186bhp and 210Nm. This engine comes mated to a 6-speed AMT box which also comes with paddle shifts.
What’s more interesting is that the RACEMO not only uses a 1.2-litre engine, it is also under 4 metres in length. That’s right, this rear-mounted mid-engine sports car is 3,835mm long, 1,810mm wide and 1,208mm tall. Despite being a sportscar, at 165mm, the RACEMO sits quite high off the ground. The car has been crafted at Tata Motors’ design studio in Italy. Tata has done well to retain signature design elements like the humanity line on the RACEMO too.
Speaking at the unveil of ‘RACEMO’, Guenter Butschek, CEO & MD, Tata Motors said, “We launched our sub-brand TAMO as our answer to new technologies, business models and partnerships. ‘RACEMO’ is the first innovation from TAMO, and our emotional, unexpected leap to the future. Symbolising the change that is taking place at Tata Motors, ‘RACEMO’ is the proving ground of the TAMO family of vehicles and will drive the future of India’s connected generation. From styling and design to driver experience and technology, RACEMO is an extension of customers’ personality, as part of their digital ecosystem and will break the ice with a radical new presence and pique the interest in the parent brand.”
At the Geneva Motor Show, Tata Motors has ensured that press and public get the true RACEMO experience through the street version RACEMO, the race version RACEMO+, the FORZA Horizon 3 gaming stations and the Hololens experience zones plus in-car social media connect will capture the imagination of the visitors.
Tata Motors has been giving us a sneak-peek into the Tamo brand ever since its launch last month. The second model under the Tamo sub-brand is expected to be unveiled at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. Until then Tata will be prepping the RACEMO for its official debut at the 2018 Auto Expo in Delhi. Tata Motors also unveiled two of its upcoming models, the Tigor and the Nexon at the Geneva Motor Show this year.


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Despite lofty expectations built mostly around their star studded pitching staff, the Phillies got off to a slow start to the season.
After ending April a game below .500, the Phillies climbed back to two games over the mark by the end of May. However, Philadelphia started off the month of June by losing nine of their first eleven games and entered the All-Star break with an overall record of 37-50.
The Phillies have played better in the second half, pulling to 66-71 which is currently good enough for third place in the National League East. Still, this season is certainly considered a disappointment for a team that had playoff aspirations entering the year.
Even with the club’s struggles, Phillies general manager Ruben Amaro Jr. isn’t indicating that he’ll relieve Manuel of his duties. The veteran skipper signed a two-year extension that will keep him under contract through the 2013 season, and Amaro told Salisbury that the situation will be evaluated after that.
One candidate to eventually replace Manuel is Phillies Triple-A manager Ryne Sandberg. Amaro was unwilling to call Sandberg Manuel’s heir apparent, but he did say he’s going to try to figure out how to keep the Hall of Famer in Philadelphia’s organization.

domain: news


text:
Fila Green Women's Tops
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Make a sporty colourful statement with our exclusive Fila cropped logo t-shirt in green. We're styling it with joggers for a casual look that works for off-duty days. 100% Cotton. Machine wash. Color: GREEN Code: 12R51NGRN
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Velour body, logo band crew neck Long raglan sleeves, ribbed trim 80% Cotton 20% Polyester Machine wash cold, tumble dry low Imported Ladies
Stay warm and comfortable in the chilly weather wearing the Fila-Ment Half Zip jacket. The 100% polyester construction ensures you stay comforted throughout the day. Sporting a mesh lining, this jacket allows for enhanced ventilation to ensure you keep feeling fresh all day long. Equipped with a zipper, wearing and removing it is easy. The thumbholes on the cuffs prevent the jacket from riding up.
Work out in style with the Do The Twist Tank top from Fila. It is made from polyester and spandex, offering stretchable comfort. The fabric is brushed, ensuring a soft feel. This tank top has a twist style at the back for an attractive appeal. It has contrast back straps for a stylish look. This tank top has removable cups for adjustable comfort. Made from polyester and spandex Heat transfer logo Removable cups.
This athletic tank top is made of moisture-wicking brushed poly spandex, with a silver heat transfer FILA logo, and an inside bra with removable padded cups.
Add style to your workout routine wearing the Fila Sublime Seamless Singlet. Featuring a blend of nylon and spandex, the fabric lends durability, abrasion resistance, and comfort. Its seamless knit construction offers softness, elasticity, and a great fit. Honeycomb pattern on the upper body and a rib texture on the front enhance its overall visual appeal. Honeycomb Pattern Nylon And Spandex Seamless Knit Construction.
The Fly Girl Tank is made of moisture wicking brushed poly spandex, with a silver heat transfer FILA logo and an inside bra with removable padded cups.

domain: design


Acura bills this wagon as born out of European styling and its true; the TSX Sport Wagon looks much like the Euro Accord. This will be one of the better looking wagons on the market for the 2011 model year. Since the wagon is still part TSX, it will have a four-wheel independent suspension which is necessary for any self-respecting luxury car. For its first iteration, the TSX Sport Wagon will only be offered with a 2.4 liter four-cylinder engine that produces 201 horsepower and 172 lb-ft of torque. This may seem on the skinny side but is has been proven that American car buyers are more interested in fuel economy these days. And the TSX Wagon will be getting 21 mpg in the city and up to 30 mpg while driving on the highway.
The interior is all Acura with leather seats, brushed aluminum trim, a power moonroof, climate control, Bluetooth, and navigation, just to name a few. The real attraction of this wagon will be the huge amount of cargo room. The wide hatch shows off the carpeted floor that also has tie-down hooks for those massive loads. There are also removable panels and hidden compartments for added storage.


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The Wicker Creel is a brand new (rebuilt), beautiful custom log apartment located in the quiet Blue River area, only 2-3 minutes from downtown Breckenridge. This apartment embodies the true meaning of Colorado Mountain living with all the modern conveniences you want (internet, cable TV, well-stocked kitchen, garage space, etc...). Ideal for a couple or even a few friends looking for an affordable place to stay while skiing and exploring the great town of Breckenridge.
Right out the front door is excellent fly fishing in neighboring Blue River for wild trout. Access to Goose Tarn Pasture for kayaking and paddle boarding. There are many trails to ride bikes or hike just minutes from the cabin. Five world class trout fishing rivers are within 1 hour of the front South Platte, Blue River, Colorado, Arkansas, Roaring Fork or Eagle.
There are also an abundance of hiking and jeep trails throughout the county and right around Breckenridge.
In winter, we are just a short 5 minute drive to world-renown skiing in Breckenridge, and less than an hour drive to Copper Mountain, Vail, Keystone, Loveland and Arapahoe Basin ski areas. The cabin is easily accessible in winter. No 4-wheel drive is required.
When you want to take a break from the outdoor activities, relax on our beautiful deck with patio chairs, cook your own meals using the outdoor grill, or take advantage of the many great shops, art galleries, and restaurants in town.
Whether summer or winter, The Wicker Creel is the perfect but close to all activities around Breckenridge.

domain: travel


text:
TUNE TeamAlexBailey - Smirk (feat. Jon Barnes & Ryan Saranich)
Smirk is a fiery funky tune that features solos from trumpet master Jon Barnes and saxophonist Ryan Saranich (both recording artists in their own right). The track was created in the spirit of the 80s fusion group, The Brecker Brothers. The song also features Alex Bailey, showcasing his skill on both the drums and the bass guitar.

domain: artistic


text:
‘Rushed’ welfare payments overhaul will cost JobSeeker recipients up to $457
The Morrison government has been accused of trying to 'rush' through welfare payment changes. Photo: TND
More than 140,000 JobSeeker recipients will be up to $457 worse off under a planned job services crackdown, a Senate hearing has heard.
The Morrison government is trying to save $191.6 million over four years by dumping a grace period that backdates JobSeeker payments to when a claim is first made, instead requiring recipients to finish a job plan first.
As The New Daily reported in May, it’s part of an overhaul of employment services that will cut another $352 million from the system over four years.
About 144,000 people will lose between $346 and $457 in payments in 2022-2023 on average under backdating changes, government officials revealed on Friday – much higher than earlier estimates of $83.
“The behaviour we want to see is them [payment recipients] engaging with digital services … to agree their job plan,” government official Melissa Ryan said.
Excluding those who complete plans immediately, it takes 12.4 days on average for people to move from making an income claim to completing a digital job plan – officials hope a crackdown will reduce this by 2 days.
Employment department officials said there are “technicalities” in those figures though, but did not specify exactly what they were, taking questions on notice instead.
“We hope they [payment recipients] will be able to have a lot more choice and control in how they meet their requirements … they could agree [to] a job plan and then immediately vary it,” Ms Ryan explained.
Welfare advocates warn of ‘catastrophic’ impacts
But welfare advocates fear JobSeeker and Youth Allowance recipients will rush their jobs plans under the rules and will also be punished for failing to quickly navigate the new digital system.
Currently JobSeeker pays just $44 a day, a figure that is below the poverty line.
“The more days you have $0 instead of $44, the more likely you are to be thrown into homelessness, to get behind on your bills, to not be able to eat,” anti-poverty centre spokesperson Kristin O’Connell told TND.
“The real impact on people’s lives will be catastrophic.”
Ms O’Connell presented evidence at the Senate hearing on Friday along with several other advocates, most of whom said the reforms are being rushed through without time to consider the consequences.
Australian Council of Social Services (ACOSS) advisor Peter Davidson said legislation enabling the new system – the most significant overhaul of employment services in decades – must be delayed by two months.
The laws were only introduced into parliament two weeks ago.
“This matters a lot for people on unemployment payments. Their income, livelihoods and mental health are at stake,” Mr Davidson told senators.
“We don’t understand why the government is in such a rush to pass this major redraft of social security laws so quickly.”
Richard Butler, a policy adviser at Jobs Australia, which represents non-profit employment services organisations, said he felt “exposed” appearing before senators with such little time to consider the new laws in detail.
“We believe the simplification of the bill is an important action,” Mr Butler said, explaining his organisation supports the main thrust of the Bill.
In broad terms, the new system sets up a two-tier employment services system that splits people into self-managed digital channels and tougher in-person “enhanced services”.
Each stream will have different mutual obligation requirements, including work for the dole programs for those in enhanced services and training for those in the digital system, under a new points-based program.
The government argues the reforms streamline the existing system and make it easier to navigate for job seekers, but Ms O’Connell disagrees.
“The budget saving proposed in this legislation is yet another move from the political establishment to increase poverty and entrench inequality,” Ms O’Connell told Senators on Friday.
“It is depressing that after years and years of evidence provided by many organisations and individuals, the knee-jerk response is to find savings in social security when the need is more urgent than ever.”
Mr Davidson said the bill “adversely affects” income-support recipients, including by watering down protections for carers, people with disabilities and mature-age workers with mutual obligation exemptions.
“They shouldn’t be required to search for up to 20 jobs a month, accept jobs with more than 15 hours a week, or undertake mutual obligations for 25 hours a week, and we would submit nor should others,” he said.
The Senate Standing Committee on Education and Employment hands down a report into the Bill on June 18.
Federal Labor has yet to decide whether it will support the reforms. But if they don’t the government will need votes from Senate cross-benchers.
If the legislation is passed, the new employment services model will come into effect from July 1, 2022.


New City Adds Capital One Cafe, The Melt and Kizuki
Posted on July 20, 2016
New City announced a few more great reasons to visit their complex on N. Halsted. It was announced today that Capitol One Cafe, The Melt and Kizuki Ramen & Izakaya will open sometime this later year.
DNA Info Chicago reports that the Capital One Cafe will be open to everyone and feature coffee from Peet’s Coffee and baked goods from local suppliers. Click here to read the full story.
Eater Chicago announced that two new eateries will be taking up residence later this year – The Melt and Kizuki Ramen & Izakaya. The Melt is a San Francisco-based burger chain. This will be the second Chicago outpost for Kizuki Ramen & Izakaya. Click here for more details.
New City’s current dining options include Earl’s Kitchen & Bar, LYFE Kitchen, Max and Leo’s Artisan Pizza, Nando’s Peri-Peri and Yard House. Dinner & Movie Packages are also available with ArcLight Cinema.


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Quantity: 1 available
Inclds. the complete novel + the screenplay & material on the making of the film that starred Tom Courtenay. 16pgs. of stills. Vg.
Title: The Making Of One Day In The Life Of Ivan Denisovich.
Edition: 1st Paperback Edition
Publisher: New York, Ballantine Books: 1971
ISBN Number: 345022955125
Item: 1.00 Item
Seller ID: 005056
Keywords: novels Into Films Screenplays russian Authors Communism Paperbacks

domain: library


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Scientists found the new species' bones among three different layers of sediment, suggesting the dinosaurs frequented the floodplain where they became buried and preserved. Both names honor a family farm that hosts researchers.
The 122-foot skeletal cast, a Titanosaur, was given the name Patagotitan mayorum by paleontologists during a ceremony at the museum Wednesday.
Recently, in the region of Patagonia, Argentina, were found fossils that supposedly belong to the largest known dinosaur species at this point.
While it's unclear just how tall it would have been with a fully extended neck, the main body of the dinosaur would have been over 20 feet high. It's so big that the dinosaur's head sticks out into a hallway at the NY museum.
Analysis showed that Patagotitan had a probable body mass of 69 tons (62 metric tonnes).
If you'd like to compare Patagotitan to the famous carnivores that have made residence in the popular imagination, forget about it: Tyrannosaurus rex, for instance, "look like dwarfs when you put them against one of these giant titanosaurs", Pol told Time magazine. You could stack 12 African elephants on top of the other and mayorum would still likely outweigh them.
Although some estimates have given another Patagonian titanosaur, Argentinosaurus, the title of biggest land animal ever, with a body mass of more than 80 tonnes, these have not been based on limb measurements and may be unreliable.
Pol said "the million-dollar question" was finding out "what happened 100 million years ago in Patagonia" that allowed these animals to be "contenders for the heavy weight championships of dinosaurs".
"In one of the levels there is a femur that, clearly, had been stepped on by another animal", said researcher Jose Luis.
This theory also raises another very exciting prospect: there may be dinosaurs out there that out-grew even Patagotitan mayorum's monumental scale.
The researchers explain why the titanosaurs reached such great dimension by assuming it lived during an explosion of flowering plants that allowed the species to thrive. Researchers believe it is the largest dinosaur species ever discovered.


Tesla is looking for ways to secure its foothold in the Chinese auto market. Specifically, the California-based electric car maker wants to start building cars in the country that has the largest auto sales market in the world. Given that electric vehicles are in high demand in China, this seems like a natural move, but CEO Elon Musk admits there are a number of challenges to overcome before a China-based Tesla factory could become a reality.
Tesla’s Model S sedan is already available in China as an import, supported by a Supercharger network of 1,400 stations throughout the most populated parts of the country. The newly released Model X will reportedly be sold in China by mid-2016, which coincides with deliveries of the all-electric SUV’s in the United States and Europe. This simply isn’t enough for Tesla, though. CEO Elon Musk wants to begin building the electric vehicles in China to reduce the luxury cars’ costs.
Musk says this could help cut the cost of a Tesla by up to one-third and, as one might imagine, that could lead to a lot more sales. The price currently starts at around $76,000 in the United States, but the same car costs the equivalent of $106,000 in China due to shipping and import fees. A more affordable Tesla could help the company grab a larger share of the country’s 20-million-car annual sales market.
There’s a catch, though. China doesn’t allow foreign car makers to just move in and set up shop. In order to begin manufacturing its luxury electric cars in China, Tesla would have to partner with a Chinese automaker. That presents such a challenge that Tesla reportedly asked Obama administration officials to broach the subject with Chinese President Xi Jinping during Obama’s visit there last month. There’s no word on whether that conversation took place.
Although the Wall Street Journal initially reported that Tesla planned to begin Chinese manufacturing operations within the next two years, that timeline has been retracted. Instead, WSJ confirms only that Tesla is in discussions with officials in China, and will hopefully have some news for the world soon.


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The IFC is considering a US$20 million funding proposal for a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plant in an industrial estate in Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu. Corporate Watch charges that “the process has been marred by irregularities, behind-the-scenes dealings and a lack of transparency. Local communities already suffer health problems and PVC is a known carcinogen”. Villagers have succeeded in getting the loan decision delayed but the IFC says it still wants to fund the project as PVC pipes are a priority for developing India’s water infrastructure.
In the news
New Bretton Woods Project report reveals World Bank Group channelling crucial development resources to banks instead of directly investing in pro-poor projects.
In December 2013, the German Development Institute, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung and Bretton Woods Project, in collaboration with the G-24, hosted a high-level workshop in Berlin to foster an open exchange on the profound changes in the global economy and the implications for global economic governance and its constituent institutions and members.
The Bretton Woods Project is an ActionAid hosted project (UK registered charity no. 274467).

domain: economics


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Volume 3 The Rise of Solamnia. pHOTOSHOP CS2.This was done for Wizards of the Coast Dragonlance book. At the time I was working at Ncsoft and freelancing doing book covers , I was so beat after those stints but I couldnt let the book cover stuff go.
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If you’re flexible both on when you fly and where you fly, you’ll likely get the best deals, says Trance. Call the company and ask about the cost differences between, say, a Saturday and a Tuesday and see if you can fly into a nearby airport. Fridays and Sundays tend to be the most expensive times to travel, says Justin Sullivan, the co-founder of FLITE Air Taxi. And, of course, last-minute deals can be significant so it may be worth waiting until about 72 hours before you want to fly to find deals, says Trance, though this is, of course, risky.
Regal Air has been the top Flightseeing and Bear Viewing company in Alaska for over 33 years, and we have done it with an unsurpassed safety record. We know there is no better way to share this amazing and majestic country with our visitors than to take to the skies, and by doing so we get you into the heart of Alaska. Regal Air has many fantastic Flightseeing and Day Trips leaving daily from Anchorage.
The most economical option is chartering, which doesn't require any cash upfront (other than a deposit) through companies like Tradewind, Sentient, and Solairus, (which we took home from North Carolina). Of course, there are the old standbys like NetJets and Marquis, who sell fractional ownership (like 1/16th) of a single jet for upwards of $100K. One step down from that, pricewise, is the jet card, where you buy a set amount of hours from a company like Nicholas or Private Jet Services, and can use those hours for different planes. Then there are membership models like WheelsUp, where you pay $17,500 as an initiation fee to fly in their fleet, and then a $8,500 annual dues fee starting the second year. It's like a country club—only you're guaranteed access to a KingAir350i or Citation Excel / XLS instead of a golf course.
Finance leasing is attractive to the lessee because the lessee may claim depreciation deductions over the aircraft's useful life, which offset the profits from the lease for tax purposes, and deduct interest paid to those creditors who financed the purchase. This has made aircraft a popular form of tax shelter for investors, and has also made finance leasing a cheaper alternative to operating leases or secured purchasing.
Waiting until the last minute isn’t an option for most travelers, of course. For those whose schedules can’t accommodate a last-minute booking, there are other options, though they can be pricier. West Coast airline Surf Air offers unlimited private plane flights to and from roughly a dozen California and Nevada locales like Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Santa Barbara for $1,750 per month (plus a one-time $1000 initiation fee); the airline operates up to 90 flights each day and it added Monterey, Calif., to its list of itineraries on July 13, 2015.
Prospective aircraft buyers often look for jets for sale by searching Google, gathering information on various makes & models and their performance characteristics, and on condition, age, price and other information about specific jets for sale. Most private airplane buyers use standard phrases like: "airplanes for sale", "private jets on sale" or "airplanes on market" for their search.
Whether you travel frequently for business or only occasionally for pleasure, chances are you've considered hiring a charter plane. When you fly on a private plane, you can skip the long wait times and baggage checks of a commercial flight. Your departure and return times are determined by your schedule, and in some cases you can even book a same-day flight! Here are some of our most commonly asked questions regarding private flights:
Aircraft leases are often used by private aircraft operators, as leases provide the same level of access to an aircraft that ownership provides, without the capital expenditure buying a business jet requires. Leases are offered in two main forms: wet leasing, normally used for short-term access; and dry leasing, typically used for longer term leases. Under wet leases, flight crews are provided in tandem with the aircraft, while operators of dry leased aircraft supply their own crews. Combination wet-dry leases may also be offered, as when an aircraft is wet leased to establish service, and once an in-house flight crew is trained, switched to a dry lease.
Customers can choose the cabin layout, including the option to divide the space into separate areas that can be decked out as an office, bedroom, galley or dining area. Exotic wood veneers and hand-stitched leather are among the many accouterments that buyers can select. Lighting and cabin temperature can even be controlled via one’s smartphone. Gulfstream
Monarch Air Group provides on-demand air charter services to and from Miami on a regular basis. Through select joint venture agreements, we charter an impressive range of aircraft, from single-piston to heavy jets. Whether you are flying for business or pleasure, we will provide the maximum level of reliability, flexibility and luxury. Every client is a VIP, so just let us know your schedule, budget, and special requests.
After a nap, why not wake up with coffee or entertain guests in the living room? This mockup represents part of the Melody interior product that Airbus can use when outfitting a plane. It includes larger entryways between the various zones of the plane (sleeping, working, relaxing, for example) instead of the traditional doors found on other private planes. Airbus
On an A&K Private Jet Journey, your small group of 50 like-minded guests travels on an exclusive itinerary packed with immersive insider-access opportunities, fine dining and invitation-only cultural events curated by our local experts around the world. Jet from one destination to the next aboard a chartered Boeing 757 with fully lie-flat, first-class seats and featuring a staff of expert tour managers, a dedicated flight crew, an Executive Chef and an onboard physician. Finish each day in accommodations chosen for their comfort, hospitality and true local character on a journey that combines luxury, authenticity and expertise as only A&K can.
And typically, you can’t just buy one discount ticket on these planes; they’ll want you to pay for the whole cost of the plane, so you’ll need to find a group to go with you to get the most savings. Plus, if you want to save big, you likely won’t get a brand-new primo jet, as these tend to cost more. And finally, there’s the issue of safety: Private chartered planes tend to get in more crashes than commercial jets — though they are still far safer than cars. Most small-plane accidents were due to pilot error, so call the private jet company to determine how many hours of flying experience your pilot has.
JamesEdition is the world's premier marketplace to find business jets and propeller aircraft for sale. Search private jets from all relevant brands. Find jets, turboprop and single engine aircraft for sale by brokers, dealers and private sellers worldwide. Whether you are a private pilot or a current owner searching for a new or preowned aircraft, you'll find quality aircraft and large, high-quality images and complete specifications.
Monarch Air Group provides on-demand air charter services to New York and countless domestic and international destinations. Through select joint venture agreements, we provide an extensive fleet for private, group and executive air charter flights. Our industry experience makes us a leading provider of private jet services to an elite international clientele.
Charter Jet One offers Standard and Premium Catering Packages to ensure a pleasant and smooth travel experience. Our friendly flight concierge staff can arrange for in-flight private jet catering based on the time of day and your personal dining preferences. A standard catering package can consist of a continental breakfast for morning flights, or sandwiches, entrees, salads or appetizer platters for afternoon and evening flights.
JetSuite is one of several private aviation companies attempting to make private jet flying accessible to travelers who aren’t part of the billionaire or even millionaire set. In many cases, these companies such as Blade and JetSmarter, are able to offer flights at appealing prices because the trips are shared with a small group of other passengers. While this may not be private flying in the vein of having an entire plane to yourself, travelers fly in and out of small, private airports where they usually don’t have to deal with the Transportation Security Administration and can arrive just five to 15 minutes before their departure time.


ROXBURY (CBS) -- A man was killed in a shooting in Roxbury Wednesday morning that took place near Trotter Elementary School. Boston Police later identified him as David Wood, 51, of Boston.
Officers were called around 11:30 a.m. to Wabeno and Wyoming streets, where they found a man with gunshot wounds. He was pronounced dead at the scene.
Police tape blocked off the road after the shooting, and Trotter Elementary was briefly put on lockdown.
"The Trotter School was put on safe mode during this. We've cleared the area, and there is no threat to the school. But out of an abundance of caution, the school is being put on safe mode," said Boston Police Superintendent-in-Chief Gregory Long.
Suffolk County District Attorney Kevin Hayden called the shooting "sad" and "disheartening," especially considering how close it was to the school.
"It is sad and disheartening to arrive on scene and look across the street at a school and see a bunch of kids in safe mode, peering out the window wondering what's going on," Hayden said.
Boston Latin Academy is also about a block away from where the shooting happened.
Nestor Hernandez, who has lived in Roxbury for 14 years, believes the crime in the area has gotten worse.
"I've never seen something like this here before," Hernandez said. "It's going worse day-by-day. Everybody has to stay home because the people are afraid to go out because you never know what's going on."
No arrests have been made yet.
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BEAD SWAP 2008
Post updated Sunday June 15: REALLY? No one? Not one of you has any beads you're willing to swap? Maybe I need to give you a few days to clean out your bead stash. I'll post a reminder in the left column in case you come up with stuff later. k? cool.
I'm hosting a bead swap! I'm in desperate need of a stash make-over. These have been sitting around collecting dust and I'm sure some of you could make better use of them than I have.
Do you have beads in your stash that you want to get rid of? Do you want your beads to find a good new home?
I came up with these 20 sets of beads. If you have beads you'd like to swap for these, leave me a comment or email me at LJEurto [at] gmail [dot] com.
The beads in the photos are the beads you'd be swapping for. Below the mosaic, I've given descriptions of each.
Beads I'm interested in swapping for are: freshwater pearls, semi-precious gemstones, lampwork glass, ceramic pendants, hill tribe silver spacers, vintaj brass, faceted Czech glass.
Got something you think I might like, contact me! If you leave a comment with what you're looking for, another blog reader might have a swap available too! Have fun with this guys!
Let's SWAP BEADS!
Details, beads listed top to bottom, Left to Right:
1. Various Green vintage lucite rounds 2. teal jasper cubes TAKEN 3. various size 6 seed beads 4. pale green transparent lampwork beads TAKEN
5. faceted green glass rondelles 6. square tubes of light green jade 7. various faceted glass rondells 8. matte vintage glass melons (3 colors) TAKEN
9. green malachite rounds 10. Red white & black fun mix, glass 11. quartz nuggets 12. orphans (various)
13. 3 Orange Bell lampwork beauties TAKEN 14. Chalcedony tubes 15. crystal quartz, 3 different shapes 16. 2 lampwork coffee beads from Canterbury Keepsakes TAKEN
17. various 4 colors, faceted Czech glass TAKEN 18. Rose Quartz, and heart glass beads 19. Fire Strawberry faceted quartz TAKEN 20. 3 jasper flat ovals


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Canyon Police have arrested two suspects following a robbery at an Allsups.
Police were called out to the Allsup’s at 23rd and 8th, at 6:a.m, Thursday morning on the robbery
When they arrived they learned the suspects had gotten away, and witnesses described the men. They learned that one of the suspects had a gun and demanded money.
Nineteen-year-old Derrick Morales and 17-year-old Devin Franklin fled the Canyon location and led police down to Plainview, where the chase finally ended in Lubbock.
Morales and Franklin are in the Lubbock County jail for evading in a motor vehicle, while several other suspects have been identified and arrested.
Canyon police are still investigating.


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EVIDENCE MEDICINE GOES FORWARD IN SEVEN MILLION STEPS , and almost everyone has access to websites with correct information – but the word “cancer” remains intimidating. Many tumors have long ceased to be a death sentence, especially in the case of early diagnosis. Nevertheless, cancer is surrounded by a huge number of myths, conjectures and horror stories – and we tried to refute a dozen of them.
We’ve got a cancer epidemic right now
Indeed, in developed countries, oncological diseases occupy one of the first places among the causes of death of the population, catching up only with cardiovascular diseases or even ahead of them. At the same time, cancer is still a rather rare disease, different types of which are diagnosed only in several tens of 100 thousand people a year. The catch is that a tumor develops due to a series of genetic mutations in a single cell – these mutations lead to its non-stop division, bypassing the body’s stop signals.
The cells become resistant to apoptosis (this is the name of their “programmed” death), begin to attract new blood vessels to feed the tumor , and also penetrate into other organs and tissues – they metastasize. This often takes years and decades. According to statistics , 77% of people with malignant tumors develop them after 55 years. It is not surprising that in countries where the vast majority of people are experiencing this threshold, oncology is widespread.
Previously, people did not get cancer
The term “cancer” appeared in the fifth century BC thanks to Hippocrates. Traces of malignant tumors at different times were also found in the mummies of Ancient Egypt , Peru and Chile , in the bones of the ancient Romans , in medieval cemeteries in England and Portugal . King Ferdinand I of Naples five hundred years ago died of advanced colon cancer , and a noble Scythian warrior, whose rich tomb was found in 2001 on the territory of the modern Republic of Tuva, had prostate cancer .
In other words, cancer has been with people for a long time, and even our distant ancestors did not escape it. On the only known remains of a Kanam man (Homo kanamensis) and another unnamed protohuman , signs of a malignant tumor of bone tissue – osteosarcoma – were found . By the most conservative estimates, about 200 cases of fossil cancer have been described . It is worth making an allowance for the fact that many remains are only partially preserved, and targeted searches for oncological diseases in them are not even now.
People used to have cancer less often
It is difficult to confirm or deny this point impartially. In addition to the fact that medical advances have allowed people to live to see cancer, the massive spread of smoking and obesity also did not improve the situation. But it cannot be argued that cancer was extremely rare in the past. The English paleontologist Tony Waldron studied the death register for 1901-1905 and found that the probability of detecting signs of cancer in the bones of men is 0-2%, and in women – 4-7%. At the same time, only primary bone tumors can be found in the bones – this is less than 0.2% of all cancers, as well as metastases of some other types of cancer. Soft tissue tumors in remains, from which only the skeleton has survived, are usually no longer detectable.
Later, scientists from Munich received the same results : with the help of special equipment, they found five cases of cancer among 905 skeletons in Egyptian necropolises and thirteen cases in 2547 remains in a medieval cemetery in Germany. An interesting conclusion suggests itself: although life in Ancient Egypt and medieval Europe was different, people were sick with cancer in the same way .
Cancer got younger
In terms of statistics, this is true: according to a recent report by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, over the past twenty years, their prevalence in children has increased by 13%. But everything is not as simple as it seems – and, fortunately, cancer in children remains an extremely rare disease (about 14 cases per 100 thousand children a year).
Scientists tend to believe that this increase in prevalence is primarily the effect of more accurate diagnosis and high awareness. Perhaps in the future, the numbers will increase even more: today’s data covers 100% of children in North America and Europe and only 5% of Africa and Asia. In poorer countries, childhood cancer is likely simply not diagnosed.
Wild animals don’t get cancer
All animals are sick with cancer: wild, domestic, and especially laboratory ones. Most often, tumors are diagnosed in domestic animals – there are many of them and they undergo veterinary control. In addition, it is they who often become victims of closely related crosses, which increase the likelihood of passing on defective genes to offspring. Wild animals also have cancer. The population of Tasmanian devils – marsupial mammals from Australia – is on the verge of extinction, because their cancer has evolved and is able to spread through bites.
The myth that there are animals that do not get cancer has been massively disseminated twice. The first time – when scientists noticed that the cartilage tissue does not contain blood vessels, and decided that it contains some substances that inhibit their growth. The most important feature of malignant tumors is the formation of new blood vessels, so scientists decided to study the corresponding properties of cartilage tissue. True, they were outstripped by charlatans who flooded the market with shark tablets: the shark’s skeleton consists exclusively of cartilage.
The scientific community fell victim to the myth for the second time. The attention was attracted by naked mole rats – small rodents that have a phenomenal lifespan of up to thirty years. On this wave, Russian scientists even received a prestigious award for disclosing the mechanism of resistance of naked mole rats to cancer, but a couple of years later, cancer was found in these rodents.
Cancer can get infected
The overwhelmingly seductive theory that cancer is an infectious disease cost the US National Cancer Institute hundreds of millions of dollars in almost wasted dollars in the 1960s. In fact, it is now known that there are viruses that can provoke the development of certain types of cancer : the human papillomavirus causes cancer of the cervix , anus, penis and pharynx, hepatitis C virus – liver cancer, and the Epstein-Barr virus – Burkitt’s lymphoma.
People can only get cancer through direct transfer of tumor cells from donor to recipient – for example, during organ transplantation. True, two-thirds of even such cases end with the immune system of the new host killing the planted tumor.
The main cause of cancer is chemical carcinogens
At one time, bacteriologist Bruce Ames invented a test that allows you to study the effect of chemicals on the genetic apparatus using bacteria, that is, to determine the carcinogenicity of these substances. The talk about chemical carcinogens caused a great public outcry and affected all industries. True, later Ames partially rehabilitated artificial chemical compounds: it turned out that natural substances can have the same properties. Of the 28 natural substances that a cup of coffee contains, 19 are plant carcinogens. True, they can cause the development of a tumor only in huge quantities, and this is possible only in laboratory animals.
Chemical carcinogens are justified by the history of the American Pripyat – the town of Love Canal , built on a dump of toxic waste. For thirty years of retrospective research , no outbreaks of cancer were found in former residents. The residents and liquidators of Chernobyl also did not find anything , except for the more frequent thyroid cancer in children and adolescents: its development was associated with food contamination with radioactive iodine in the first months after the disaster.
In fact, the main carcinogens have long been known – they are ultraviolet radiation, components of cigarettes and alcoholic beverages. Other important risk factors are obesity and certain infections. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and other lifestyle elements are far more important than any parabens in cosmetics, which have only been shown to be carcinogenic in the laboratory.
It is not profitable for pharmaceutical companies to invent a cure for cancer
It is impossible to find a single cure for cancer, if only because cancer is the general name for a huge group of diseases. Moreover, breast cancer alone has hundreds of different diseases. Cancer is individual, just like the individual organism of each individual, like fingerprints . The current trend in oncology is the so-called precision medicine, which allows you to select a personal medicine or treatment regimen for each patient based on certain biomarkers.
Billions of dollars are invested in drug development, and pharmaceutical companies still benefit from it – in terms of both finances and reputation. For many cancers, effective treatments already exist – but for the reasons outlined above, they are not suitable for all.
We have made no progress in cancer treatment
Over the past ten to twenty years, the overall cancer mortality rate in various age groups has decreased by 1% every year – and this trend is observed all over the world. The exception was lung cancer in women – the result of the 1970s fashion for “female” cigarettes, and liver cancer – the result of the massive spread of hepatitis C virus infection.
Cancer cannot be defeated
Of course, it is better to warn, not win. Cancer prevention includes a number of simple requirements : it is necessary to exclude smoking, reduce alcohol and red meat consumption, eat enough vegetables and fruits, monitor body weight, be physically active and protect the skin from sunburn.
In the early stages, cancer is curable – however, and it is difficult to identify it, since it does not manifest itself in any way. On the website of the Cancer Prevention Foundation, you can get tested on personal risks and understand when to contact oncologists. Cancer at a later stage is often impossible to cure, but in many cases, treatment can contain its progression. Oncological diseases become chronic, and people live with them for decades – so in a certain sense we have defeated cancer.

domain: medical


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Candidates for Alaska U.S. Senate faced off at Thursday night’s Debate for the State.
In attendance: incumbent U.S. Sen. Lisa Murkowski and Kelly Tshibaka, both Republicans, and Democrat Pat Chesbro.
Debate for the State 2022 is a collaboration between Alaska Public Media, Alaska’s News Source and KTOO.
Lori Townsend, news director for Alaska Public Media, and Mike Ross, managing editor for Alaska’s News Source, moderated the debate.
The U.S. Senate debate is the final event in this year’s Debate for the State.
Read our U.S. Senate debate coverage: Alaska U.S. Senate candidates show clear contrast on abortion rights, Supreme Court nominations and gun rights
Find more election coverage and voter resources at alaskapublic.org/elections.
Want to know the story behind the story? Subscribe to Washington Correspondent Liz Ruskin’s newsletter, Alaska At-Large.