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Cats are truly captivating beings, and one of their most enigmatic qualities is their ability to purr. But have you ever wondered what a cat’s purring signifies? In this exploration, we delve into the diverse reasons behind a cat’s purring and unravel the insights it can provide into their mood and behavior.
The Enigma of Purring
Purring is a distinctive sound that emanates from a cat’s vocal cords. It’s a gentle, rumbling noise typically associated with a content, relaxed, or joyous feline. Nevertheless, cats can also purr when they’re in discomfort or feeling anxious, which means it isn’t always indicative of happiness.
Why Does a Cat Purr?
There is a multitude of motives driving a cat to purr. Here are some of the most prevalent ones:
A happy and serene cat often expresses their pleasure through purring. This delightful sound is frequently accompanied by additional signals of contentment, such as kneading with their paws or curling up into a cozy ball.
Cats are inherently social creatures and employ purring as a means of interaction with other cats and humans alike. Mother cats, for instance, utilize purring to communicate with their kittens, and domestic cats may employ it to seek attention from their human companions.
Believe it or not, scientific evidence suggests that a cat’s purring may have therapeutic properties. The vibrations produced by purring are believed to promote healing in bones and tissues, alleviate pain and inflammation, and even diminish stress levels.
Cats may engage in purring as a form of self-soothing when they find themselves anxious or stressed. The very act of purring can be calming and reassuring for cats, helping them relax and feel more secure.
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Deciphering a Cat’s Purr
As we’ve established, cats can purr for a myriad of reasons. So, how can you decode what your cat’s purring signifies? Here are some factors to consider:
1. Body Language
The body language of your purring cat is a vital clue. A content and relaxed cat will exhibit a loose body and may have half-closed eyes. Conversely, if they are in pain or anxious, they might appear hunched or tense.
2. Other Vocalizations
Cats don’t restrict themselves to purring for communication. They employ various other sounds, like meows and hisses, to express themselves. If your cat combines meowing or hissing with purring, it could indicate that something is amiss.
The context in which your cat is purring can offer valuable insights. For instance, if your cat is nestled on your lap, purring contentedly while you stroke them, it’s probably a sign of their happiness and comfort.
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Difference Between a Roar & a Purr
The distinction between a roaring and purring sound in felines is intricately tied to the hyoid bone in the larynx. In big, roaring cats, such as lions and tigers, this hyoid bone is not entirely ossified or solidified. This unique feature, in conjunction with a specialized ligament, plays a pivotal role in generating their deep and resonant roars. The flexibility of the hyoid bone allows it to stretch, and as it extends, it alters the pitch of the roar, making it even deeper. Furthermore, another notable contrast is observed in the structure of their vocal cords. Roaring cats possess flat, square-shaped vocal cords, which diverge from the typical triangular shape. This specific shape adaptation aids larger cats in producing louder roars with reduced lung pressure.
Conversely, when it comes to our domestic feline companions, they produce the soothing and comforting purring sound that humans adore. The purring mechanism involves the presence of a completely ossified hyoid and specialized vocal folds that permit air vibrations during both exhalation and inhalation. Unlike the thunderous roars of lions, domestic cats emit purring sounds at an average of around 25 decibels, a considerably softer and more soothing auditory experience.
Do All Cats Purr?
As per insights from Hepper, all cats possess the capability to purr, yet not every cat chooses to produce this comforting sound. If you notice your cat isn’t purring, there’s likely a logical explanation behind their silence. Additionally, Excited Cats highlights that purring is a fairly common occurrence in domestic cats, although not all of them engage in this behavior. Purring can serve as a versatile means of communication for expressing emotions like hunger, fear, or as a self-soothing mechanism.
Moreover, it’s worth noting that most of the larger members of the cat family, such as tigers, lions, jaguars, and leopards, are proficient in roaring but incapable of purring. On the other hand, cougars and smaller cats like bobcats and lynxes have the ability to purr but lack the capacity for roaring.
Some Other Sounds That Domestic Cats Make:
Cats employ a diverse array of sounds to communicate with both humans and their fellow feline companions. Here’s a breakdown of some of the most common vocalizations made by domestic cats:
1. Meow: The meow is perhaps the most frequently heard sound that cats produce, and it’s primarily used for communication with humans. Cats may meow to capture your attention, express their hunger, or simply to offer a friendly greeting.
2. Hiss: If a cat feels threatened or frightened, it may resort to hissing as a warning signal for others to maintain their distance. Hissing is often coupled with other defensive behaviors like arching their back and puffing up their fur.
3. Growl: Another defensive vocalization in a cat’s repertoire, growling is produced when a cat is angry or fearful. It manifests as a low-pitched rumble, usually when the cat is in a heightened state of distress.
4. Chirp: Cats may chirp when they are in a playful or excited mood. This high-pitched sound is often accompanied by playful behaviors such as pouncing and chasing, signaling their enjoyment.
5. Yowl: Yowling is a loud, drawn-out vocalization that cats employ when they are experiencing distress or pain. It’s often accompanied by additional signs of discomfort like pacing or hiding.
6. Trill: A trill is a high-pitched sound used by cats to express happiness or excitement. It’s frequently utilized as a friendly greeting between cats or as a form of communication between a cat and its human companions.
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Cats are complex and fascinating creatures known for their varied vocalizations. From the deep roars of big cats like lions to the soothing purrs of domestic felines, the hyoid bone and vocal cord differences play pivotal roles in creating these distinctive sounds. Cats employ a diverse range of vocalizations, including meows for communication with humans, hisses and growls as defensive warnings, chirps to express playfulness, and yowls when in distress. Understanding these vocal cues, along with interpreting body language, aids in comprehending a cat’s mood and intentions, highlighting the multifaceted nature of feline communication.


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A study linking air pollution to a higher risk for death in those with coronavirus has prompted some environmental activists to point out the importance of maintaining good air quality.
The novel coronavirus pandemic has had one surprising consequence. As a result of the stay-at-home orders issued by most state governors, which has significantly limited the use of cars and public transportations, many cities across the US have seen a marked improvement in the quality of their air. And it turns out, that air quality is a crucial factor for patients of COVID-19.
Novel coronavirus patients living in counties with high levels of air pollution were more likely to die than those living in less-polluted areas before the global pandemic, says a new nationwide study conducted by Harvard University’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health. To reach this conclusion, data from more than 3,000 counties with confirmed coronavirus deaths around the country was analyzed, and a statistical link was found between long-term exposure to dangerous air particles that enter the bloodstream (PM 2.5) and higher death rates from COVID-19, the disease caused by coronavirus.
According to the study, these small particles which come mostly from refineries, power plants and automobiles, as well as from indoor sources like tobacco smoke- severely affect the respiratory system, and coronavirus kills precisely by attacking the respiratory system. This means that a person who has been breathing polluted air, and whose lungs are inflamed by the disease, will be severely affected.
“Continuing to enforce existing air pollution regulations to protect human health both during and after the covid-19 crisis” is an urgent necessity, concluded the study.
Trump Rolls Back Environmental Protections
These findings come at a time when the Trump administration has taken decisive steps to ease restrictions on air pollution. The White House recently announced it was loosening mileage standards for cars, pickup trucks and SUVs set during the Obama era. And at the end of March, with the country in the midst of a pandemic which so far has claimed more than 27,000 lives in the U.S. alone, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), headed by Andrew Wheeler, a former lobbyist for the coal industry and a president Trump appointee, announced a relaxation of environmental rules.
These will allow power companies, petrochemical plants and other major industries to “determine on their own if they can report their operations’ air and water pollution levels during the virus outbreak.” The EPA stated that this is a temporary enforcement guidance. However, it means that while it is in effect, these companies are expected to police themselves.
The EPA is also in the process of reviewing the pollution standards for particulate matter. Yes, the very same particles that, according to science, pose a higher risk for heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer, or premature death, as well as elevating the risk of death to those suffering from coronavirus.

domain: health


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Why is criminology green?
Green criminology provides for inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary engagement with environmental crimes and wider environmental harms.
What do you mean by a term green criminology?
Green criminology is a branch of criminology that involves the study of harms and crimes against the environment broadly conceived, including the study of environmental law and policy, the study of corporate crimes against the environment, and environmental justice from a criminological perspective.
Why is green crime hard police?
Problems trying to police green crimes: The problem with defining green crime is that there are very few local or international laws governing the state of the environment. … Laws that exist to protect the environment are often weak, and there is no international police force.
Why is green crime a global issue?
Green crime is linked to globalisation and the idea crimes which transcend national boundaries. Despite the fact that the world is separated into nation states and continents, the planet is in fact one eco-system and threats to that eco-system are increasingly global rather then local in nature.
Why is green criminology gaining in importance?
Green crimes cause both direct and indirect forms of harm, the former of which affect the ecosystem and the latter a consequence of direct harms. … Policies intended to control crime and address biases in law and law enforcement must incorporate green criminology in order to reduce environmental pollution.
What is green criminology PDF?
Green Criminology can be deﬁned as a framework of intellectual, empirical and political. orientations toward primary and secondary harms, offences and crimes that impact in a. damaging way on the natural environment, diverse species (human and non-human) and. the planet.
Who are victims of Green crime?
Green crimes include local and global problems (e.g., pollution, ecological destruction, poaching) and wide-ranging harms such as climate change and anthropogenic species loss. The various living victims of these diverse crimes include all species, not simply humans.
What crimes are considered green crimes?
Green Crime is illegal activity that involves the environment, biodiversity, or natural resources. There are generally five types of major environmental crime: illegal logging, fishing, and mining, and crimes that harm wildlife and generate pollution.
What do Marxists say about green crime?
Marxism focuses on green crime as an act of power. The ruling class shape and define the law to benefit their own exploitative interests on the environment. Such laws benefit transnational corporations. White collar crime is uneasily detected, especially if in developing nations.
What is a black collar crime?
Though not officially confirmed in criminology studies, the term “black-collar crime” has been used to refer to priests who commit crimes. Often times, these crimes are subsequently covered by the Church.

domain: law


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A Glossary of Perfume Terms and Definitions Ė Making Sense out of Scents
The perfume industry has adopted a language of its own. And when youíre buying fragrances, you need to understand what the salesperson is saying when the perfumeís being described to you. So weíve taken some of the more commonly-used words and put them into this glossary of perfume terms and definitions, to help you make a wise and informed choice. Soak it up!
An absolute is the most potent aromatic product made from a base product. It differs from an essential oil in that itís produced through an extraction process that uses volatile solvents. The extracted solid material is then combined with alcohol to produce the absolute. Absolutes are also darker in color than essential oils.
An accord is a blend of two fragrances to produce a third unique fragrance, with neither of the original two fragrances being detectable. You can compare it to the combining of basic colors, like yellow and blue to make green. When you look at green, you donít see the yellow or blue Ė just green. And when you smell an accord, you only smell one distinct fragrance, not either of the original fragrances that were combined.
Aftershave is a menís toiletry product that could be classified as a cosmetic or a fragrance. It comes in the form of a lotion, a gel, or a balm. After shaving, men apply it for one or more of a few reasons: It makes the skin look smoother; it soothes sensitive skin; it closes the pores after shaving; and it serves as a light cologne. The cologne usually isnít strong enough to interfere with the manís primary cologne. In fact, there are some designer fragrances whoíve introduced aftershave that complements their fragrances.
Alcohol is used in the process of making perfume. Itís job is to carry the perfume extracts, and release them when the perfume is dispensed.
An aldehyde is a highly-reactive chemical compound made by oxidizing different alcohols to make resins and organic acids.
Aldehydic comes from the Greek phrase ďanointing oilĒ. In perfumery, it refers to a certain fatty fragrance, and can be found in perfumes such as Chanel No 5.
Amber is a term used to describe a heavy, full-bodied, warm fragrance.
Animalic is a term used to describe what would be a bad odor on its own, like a faecal smell. But perfumers have found that, in very small dilutions, and in clever combinations with other ingredients, animalic scents can be quite pleasant. A perfume that uses animalic notes is Civet Absolute.
Anosmia is the inability to smell. You can have either full or partial Anosmia. If you have full Anosmia, you canít smell anything. If you have partial Anosmia, there are only certain things you canít smell.
- Apocrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands are those that give you your unique sexual and body scent. It can interfere with or influence the fragrance in perfumes you wear.
Aromachology is a fairly new science Ė one of the new alternative therapies. Itís associated with fragrances and their psychological benefits and/or effects. It was developed by Annette Green, a member of the Fragrance Foundation, in the late 70s. An example of an aromachology-inspired perfume is Shiseidoís Relaxing, introduced in 1997.
Aromatic, in perfumery, refers to the rich scents of Balsamic notes.
Aromatherapy is a term created by R.M. Gattefosse, a French chemist. Itís the art and science, although not a medically-approved one, of using aromatic substances, usually essential oils, to cure common ailments. Itís also popular as a stress reliever.
Attar, or Otto, as it is sometimes referred, comes from an old Persian word meaning ďto smell sweetĒ. Itís an extremely expensive essential oil made from the Bulgarian rose.
Balsam is a sticky resin that leaks out of trees when theyíre cut. Itís used in perfume to create a woody scent.
Balsamic notes are found in some perfumes. They have a warm scent, and are popular in the Oriental group of fragrances, like Shalimar, Opium and Obsession.
Body is a term used to refer to the main theme or heart of a perfume. It can also be used to refer to a perfume thatís well-rounded or full.
Not surprisingly, bouquet is a term used to describe a mixture of floral notes.
Camphoraceous refers to a Eucalyptus-like fragrance thatís found in the scent of certain herbs, like rosemary and lavandin.
- Carrier oil
Carrier oil is just what it sounds like Ė an oil base that carries essential oils. Basically, theyíre mixed together to make massage oils and skin care products. Some examples are apricot kernel, grape seed, jojoba and sweet almond.
Chypre is an ancient perfume, originally combining fresh citrus notes with Oakmoss and some animalic notes. About 100 years ago, Coty made a Chypre perfume, which has been currently followed up with similar fragrances, like Miss Dior and Aramis. Today, the most common use of Chypres, because of their leather character, is in menís fragrances.
Citrus notes are fresh scents, similar to the smell of fresh oranges, lemons, grapefruit, bergamot and pomello.
Classic fragrances are Ė well, theyíre classic. They survive the years, remaining popular. They have depth, with a 3-10% floral absolute, much stronger than most modern fragrances.
Cloying is a term used to describe a fragrance thatís sickly sweet and unpleasantly clinging.
Cologne is a city in Germany where the very first modern perfume, as we now know it, was produced. That was about 300 years ago, and it was called Eau de Cologne Ė a perfume made basically from citrus oils. If you want a classic brand of Eau de Cologne thatís about 200 years old, try Farina Gegenuber or 4711. Today, cologne is a word usually used to describe menís fragrances.
Compound is the term used in perfumery to describe the concentrated fragrance mixture before itís diluted to make the finished perfume.
Concrete is the term used in perfumery to refer to the hard, waxy substance thatís left after the solvent has been applied to the raw material, and has evaporated.
Depth refers to whether a scent is complex, sophisticated, rich or full-bodied.
A diffuser is an aromatherapy device that gently dispenses essential oils into the air.
- Dry down
Dry down is what perfumers refer to as the final phase of a fragrance. Itís sometimes referred to as the bottom line or bottom note Ė the character of the fragrance that remains a few hours after applying the perfume.
- Eau de Cologne (EDC)
Eau de Cologne is the term used today to refer to a perfume solution with around a 3% compound in an oil and water base. Itís the lightest of perfumes and, therefore the least expensive.
- Eau de Parfum (EDP)
Eau de Parfum is a perfume solution with a 10-15% compound.
- Eau de Toilette (EDT)
Eau de Toilette is a perfume solution with a 3-8% compound in an oil and water base.
Earthy is a term used by perfumers to describe notes that resemble earth, dirt, moss, and other such scents.
- Essential oil
Essential oils are the concentrated essences that are the product of the distillation or expression of plants, including flowers, leaves, wood and grass.
Evanescent is a word used to describe a fragrance that disappears quickly.
Expression, or cold press extraction, is the process of removing essential oils from plant material, like citrus peel, consisting of forcing the oil from the plant material.
Extraction is the process of removing essential oils from plant material using solvents, which are then evaporated, leaving just the oil.
An extract is a perfume that has 15-45% compound in an alcohol base.
A fixative is an ingredient added to perfume to make it last longer, similar to a preservative.
A flat fragrance is like a flat beer Ė no body, no lift, uninteresting.
Floral is a fragrance scent that resembles flowers, and is usually described as smooth or natural.
Flowery is a fragrance with flower or flower petal notes.
- Forest blends
Forest blend perfumes have earthy, woodsy, natural notes.
Fresh is a term often used to describe citrus or green notes, found in light perfumes.
Fruity is a term used to describe a fragrance that has fruit scents, but not citrus fruits. Itís usually a kind of sweet-sour scent, like apples, strawberries, pineapples or bananas.
Full-bodied refers to a fragrance thatís rich and has depth.
Fungal is used to describe a fragrance that has notes of mushrooms, fungus, or mould, like oakmoss.
Fragrance is often used interchangeably with perfume, but theyíre not quite the same thing Ė fragrance is the scent of the perfume; perfume is the product itself.
Green is a fragrance note that resembles freshly cut grass, or leaves, and it gives the perfume a vibrant scent.
Gums are the resins that are extracted from the bark, branches and leaves of trees.
Harmonious is a word used by perfumers to describe a fragrance thatís well mixed and well balanced.
Heady fragrances make you feel light-headed, exhilarated or stimulated.
Heart refers to the main theme, or the middle of the perfume.
Heavy refers to a fragrance thatís potent and not vibrant, and is often described as sweet or balsamic.
Herbaceous refers to a fragrance thatís natural and hay-like, maybe even a little therapeutic. Some examples are chamomile, lavender, rosemary and sage.
Honey is a term used to describe a fragrance that has a very sweet, almost medicinal scent Ė very heavy and syrupy.
Jasmine is an absolute used in perfume. There are two kinds Ė European, and South Asian.
Lift is a term used to describe a fragrance that has life and brilliance.
Light refers to a fragrance thatís not heavy Ė go figure!
- Middle notes
The middle notes are the fragrances that make up the main theme or the heart of a perfume. They usually appear about 10-20 minutes after the perfume is applied.
A modern perfume would be the opposite of a classic perfume Ė usually using new aroma chemicals, rather than natural materials. It usually has a light fragrance.
Mossy refers to fragrances that have earthy notes, like the forest floor.
Muguet is the French word for Lily of the Valley, one of the most popular florals used in perfumery.
Narcotic is the term used to describe the fragrance of some floral notes, said to be intoxicating.
Note can refer to a single scent in a perfume, or it may be used to refer to one of the three stages of evaporation of a perfume, which are the top note, the middle note and the bottom note, the top being the first to evaporate.
Oriental is a term that, in the past, was used to describe fragrances with balsamic, vanilla, oakmoss and animalic notes, but more recently has been used to describe fragrances that are heavy and full-bodied. Some examples of oriental perfumes are Opium, Obsession, Shalimar, and Samsara.
Perfume, or parfum, as it is sometimes called, is the highest concentration of oils, with 20-50% compound, which makes it last longer than others.
Perfumer is a multi-use word, used to describe a person who either creates, mixes, or sells perfume.
Powdery is a word used to describe a fragrance produced by a combination of a heavy, sweet or woody note with a citrus, fruit or light green note.
Resinoids are extracts from gums or resins that are used as fixatives in perfumes.
Rose is used to describe one of the most common notes in perfumery which, of course, comes from rose petals.
Spicy describes fragrance notes that have a warm or hot character, as opposed to the neutral or cool Herbal notes. Their scent is pungent, similar to those of cinnamon, or clove and thyme oil.
Stability refers to how long a fragrance lasts, either in the bottle with the other ingredients, or exposed to heat, light or air.
The strength of a fragrance refers to how intense its scent is.
Substantivity refers to how long a fragrance lasts on a particular surface, and how itís affected by temperature, humidity, and other such conditions.
The sweetness of a fragrance can be described in several ways Ė it can be used to refer to a vanilla sweetness, a floral sweetness, or a fruity sweetness. Whichever one is used, it refers to a rich, sweet taste.
Synthetic is a term thatís used to refer to a substance thatís man-made, with the specific purpose of duplicating a particular scent. Synthetics are sometimes better than natural materials because their properties can be controlled.
A tenacious fragrance will last a long time, keeping itís main theme or scent.
A thin fragrance lacks body or depth.
- Top note
The top note of a perfume is the fragrance that you initially smell. Top notes are usually light, citrus notes.
A velvety fragrance is smooth and mellow, without any harsh notes.
Woody fragrances are those that have forest notes, like freshly cut dry wood such as cedarwood and sandalwood.
Did you get all that? Itís a lot to ingest at one sitting, but it may take you more than one sitting to decide which perfume suits you best, anyway. So be patient, and youíll eventually find the fragrance thatís just right for you.
And donít forget that, once you know what you like, you can get it on the Internet. There are discount perfumes and cheap perfumes available, as well as a wonderful selection of French perfume, menís fragrances and colognes, Angel perfume, Chanel, Givenchy, Hugo Boss, Christian Dior Ė anything you could possibly need for yourself, or for gifts.
So try a few perfumes. Wear the one that combines with your natural scent and before you know it, youíll be turning heads.
About the Author:
Arden Mellor is a successful home based freelance writer, one of experience and diversity. The knowledge brought to you through Arden's articles has been designed for simplicity. The world is much too complicated, and Ardenís contribution to the world is to bring the complexities of life into a simpler arena, one that anyone and everyone can understand and use. Arden writes many informative articles on such topics as fragrance oils, herbal moisturizers and how to achieve a perfect white smile, and our wishes are that you benefit from the wisdom presented in these articles in making life simple.
This "Glossary of Perfume Terms & Definitions" reprinted with permission.
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domain: chemistry


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How to prepare the perfect pot of green tea
I have read that the ideal water temperature for brewing green tea is around 150 degrees. I'm not yet able to determine that without a thermometer, but when I'm dealing with super-good tea leaves, that's exactly what I do. I heat the water and use a meat thermometer to determine the precise moment when to put the leaves in. Then I let them steep for four to five minutes, but no more than that or you get a slight bitterness.
As far as brands of commercial tea, I have found that the Rishi products have been satisfactory. Republic of Tea is *okay* but it isn't my favorite. I don't even bother drinking the stuff in bags anymore, because it just doesn't hold a candle to the exquisite flavor and aroma of the Real Thing.

domain: hobby


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The primary cause of KS is infection with KSHV, which is also known as human herpesvirus 8. AIDS KS has become the most common of all malignancies in areas of sub-Saharan Africa that have a high prevalence of both HIV and KSHV. In contrast, classical (non-AIDS) KS is rare, even in elderly Mediterranean populations that have KSHV seroprevalence above 10 percent. In case-control studies in Italy, we found that risk of cKS was significantly associated with use of corticosteroid medications and especially with non-smoking. Null results in our randomized clinical trial of topical nicotine to treat cKS suggested that other, perhaps inflammation-related consequences of smoking may reduce cKS risk. We found that cKS was associated with polymorphisms in several immune-response genes, with deficient in vitro responses to KSHV peptides, and with deficient delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in the legs, where cKS usually originates. We recently found that cKS was associated with elevated plasma levels of four of 70 immunity markers – soluble interleukin (sIL)-1 receptor II, sIL-2 receptor alpha, CC-chemokine ligand 3 (also known as MIP-1α), and especially CXC-chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10, also known as IP-10), which has been a focus of AIDS-KS treatment trials. Analyses of HLA associations with cKS and with KSHV seropositivity are in progress.
For more information, contact James Goedert.

domain: medical


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Squatting farmer refuses to move
A farmer who has been a squatter on a property in St James for several years is now being threatened with eviction notice.
He said the original owner knew he was living and working on the land, and did not stop him.
The owner died in January, and he says since that time he has had no peace because one of the owner's son is threatening to remove him from the property.
"Last month, the owner's son turned up with some men and served me with a notice to get off the property by July 31," he said.
"I told him I was not getting off because his father knew I was occupying a section of the land and he never objected to me being on the land. The son said he was not like my father and I should just leave peacefully. He said his father had willed the property to him and he was in the process of selling it.
"He called me a squatter and said the new owner does not want any squatter on the land. We had a quarrel and the man even pointed his hand in my face. I did not want to put myself in any trouble, so I walked way."
" I have been living on the property for 11 years now and I have never seen the son come on to the property. It is now that his father has died that he comes to make trouble with me and is ordering me to pull down my board house and stop farming on the land.
"I even told a policeman about the matter, but he told me it was a civil matter, so I must take the matter to the civil court to see if I have any right to the property.
"Some of the residents in the community say I have been on the land for such a long time and I should not leave. They said I should not allow him to just come and throw me off the property because I am not a wrongdoer.
"I spoke to a justice of the peace in the area and he said I must find somewhere else to live and do my farming because I do not have a title for the land. I just think the justice of the peace is a friend of the man who is trying to get me off the land.
"Do squatters have rights and is there anything I can do to claim this land?" he queried.
Squatters do have rights, but there is a specified time in law before a squatter can make a claim by means of adverse possession for a title to a property. The Registration of Titles Act states that a person can apply for a title to a private property if the person has been living undisturbed for more than 12 years. You said in your case you have been on the property for 11 years, therefore you would not qualify under the law to apply for a title for ownership to the property.


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If you are looking for a professional, fun-filled, multi-talented, high energy, social, dynamic show for both kids and adults, as well as corporate, private, and public events, then Rasa Vitalia is your performer! Though we have received some inquiries on that date, depending on the time you need her and what your needs are, she may available! Rasa would be happy and honored to perform at your event! Rasa's performance would make your party quite memorable and so much fun!
Home Base: San Francisco

domain: artistic


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Five Guys' franchisees founded a grilled-cheese shop that's going national - here's what it's like
And now that grilled-cheese concept Melt Shop has comfortably ensconced itself in Manhattan, it's looking to expand.
The chain's parent company, Aurify Brands, is no stranger to scaling up.
With a massive Five Guys franchise group in New York, Melt Shop has some serious experience behind it.
There are plans to double the chain's location count after netting $22.5 million in Series B funding in fall 2015; there are already several in the greater New York area, as well as a new store in the Mall of America in Minnesota.
Melt Shop has four locations in Manhattan, so I decided to head over to one to see what the chain is like.
- India's GDP growth surges to 8.4% in Q3, 2023-24 growth rate pegged at robust 7.6%
- Fiscal deficit at Jan-end touches 63.6% of full year target: Govt data
- Cabinet approves 3 semiconductor fab units, to generate 80,000 jobs
- RIL shares climb nearly 1% after announcing mega merger
- Key infra sectors' growth slows to 15-month low of 3.6% in January

domain: economics


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Discuss about the Gender Inequality at Workplace.
Gender inequality is a burning issue where an individual is treated disadvantageously because of gender. This inequality is the situation or idea that men and women are not equal resulting in unequal treatment or individual perceptions partly or wholly based on gender arising from gender roles differences. In the Australian workforce, gender gap is still prevalent where women are earning less than men are and less likely to succeed in their careers (Broderick, 2012). Despite of the fact that women are making great strides, gender inequality is persisting at workplaces being a hot-button topic. Research suggests that problem of gender inequality arises when women try to balance family and work and end up carrying care giving responsibilities (Pocock, Charlesworth & Chapman, 2013). Gender systems are generally hierarchical and dichotomous that give rise to gender inequality stemming from socially constructed to empirically grounded distinctions. There are various domains where women lag behind including labor market opportunities and political representation. An income disparity is connected to job stratification widening gender gap explaining gender inequality at workplaces (Lips, 2013). Gender discrimination at workplace is a HRM problem and therefore, the following report discusses the issues of gender inequality, challenges that women face at workplaces due to gender inequality and HRM recommendations in overcoming the encountered challenges.
Women are successful in overcoming obstacles within workplaces; however, gender discrimination is continuing to raise its ugly head with an unending trend. In Australia, men still out earn women across all occupations and in every industry. From the economic perspective, gender discrimination is a major impediment to economic growth preventing countries from reaching productivity to its potential. There is wide gender pay gap where women are still paid below that of male counterparts, despite of the fact that they are skilled and equally capable. Furthermore, promotion and job status of women is also low or below marks as compared to males having less profitable opportunities. These restrictions are resulting in loss of productivity amounting to 25% because of gender discrimination (Posthuma, Wagstaff & Campion, 2012).
Gender discrimination is witnessed in HR practices involving HR policies, decision-making and its enactment. Institutional discrimination can occur in HR policies against women from job recruitment to selection in an organization in terms of training, role assignments, performance evaluations, promotion, pay and termination (Kim, 2013). Discrimination against women prevails, as they are under-represented in a particular job and unintentionally discriminated against their credentials. An article published by Forbes stated that gender discrimination accounts for 5% in difference in performance where an organization has 58% of women filling entry-level positions that wind up with women filling only 29% leadership positions (Forbes.com, 2018).
Institutional discrimination is also witnessed against women that occur during performance evaluation for determining organizational rewards (compensation), punishments (termination) and opportunities (role assignments, promotions). ‘Face-time’ is a parameter to measure performance and rewarding employees who stay at office more than others do (Ridgeway, 2014). However, women being the primary caregivers use flexible workplace arrangements as compared to men and as a result face penalties scoring less on face time. Therefore, biasness in evaluation of performance policies also contributes to gender inequality. As a result, women lack job experiences, as it is not available to them in their specific job ladder leaving no space for advancement.
Gender inequality can be explained through the Human Capital Theory where it explains that knowledge, skills, experience, training and education of an individual makes them valuable to an organization. The theory states that inequalities between women and men in workplace are due to differences in their experiences and skills, but not due to gender (Cuberes & Teigni, 2014). Moreover, the theory explains that women have less favorable jobs due to interrupted careers and undertake different course of education as compared to men. Furthermore, this theory claim that men and women cannot be studied as self-working entities as they face different working life conditions that should be put into social context. This theory believes that women spend more time towards household work, children and family leading to under investment in the human capital (Philippon & Reshef, 2012). This is the reason that there is wide gender pay gap prevailing at workplaces, explained by few parameters like work experience and education. Another contributor to wide gender pay gap is glass ceiling effect-providing explanation that gender imposes significant disadvantages at the top levels of job hierarchies that affect career of a person as one goes on. This effect implies invisible barriers preventing women from advancing in their careers or getting promotions (Sabharwal, 2013).
Many anti-discrimination laws and policies are undertaken by HRM to support gender equality at workplaces in equal resources distribution and pay. However, the scenario is different posing challenges related to pay, promotion and hiring and job roles due to gender discrimination at workplaces discussed in the subsequent section.
Gender pay gap
Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA) in their report stated that there is wide gap in gender pay as men earn more than their female counterparts do by more than $26,000 on average published by The Guardian (Annese, 2018). Women have a long to go before they achieve equal treatment at workplaces. The World Economic Forum made a period for solving this problem that is a slog of 217 years (Fortune.com, 2018). Not a single country is successful in closing its wide economic gender pay gap worsening the economic disadvantage of women and decline in global labor force participation.
Women are under-presented in senior positions in business accounting for 22% of managerial positions (Ibarra, Ely & Kolb, 2013). There is large growing evidence that specific pay premiums are sources of pay inequality contributing to wide gender pay gap. In an article published by Card, Cardoso and Kline, (2015) stated that women are unwilling to work at high-paying organizations and firms as they are offered wages worse than their male counterparts are. The main findings stated that women receive only 90% of the pay premiums as compared to men and wide gender gap is witnessed in terms of wages to changes in surplus over time. Another study conducted by Gauchat, Kelly and Wallace, (2012) suggested that gender-based economic inequality has influenced occupational segregation being the leading factor for the wide gender pay gap. The results indicate that effects of occupational segregation are the main determinant of inequality in gender earnings, although effects are slightly diminished by globalization.
Recruitment and promotion
The goal of interview process is hiring the most qualified candidate, however an unintentional gender bias get in the way. During recruitment, without knowing the work experience of a candidate, it is expected that male candidates outperform females. In an experimental study conducted by Liebkind, Larja and Brylka, (2016) in Finland indicated that male applicants belonging to majority groups were discriminated as compared to women characterized as feminine depicting implications of gender discrimination in recruitment. Herrbach and Mignonac, (2012) used a sample of 300 employees in a French company to investigate the relationship between their perceived gender discrimination and subjective career success. The results depicted that perceived gender discrimination had a negative effect on women’s overall career success suggesting that special attention must be given to women who aspire to achieve high level of competencies or seek work and home life balance. García?Izquierdo, Moscoso and Ramos?Villagrasa, (2012) highlighted that fact that gender biasness in promotions is an important issue as it is directly proportional to organizational outcomes. At the entry-level selection, there is wide knowledge gap in regards to promotions as it affects job satisfaction and organizational justice. After survey completion by 213 supervisors and employees from 31 different private organizations, it was found that where there is perceived equity (procedural justice) in procedures like promotion have a positive effect on job satisfaction.
While hiring employees, mostly men apply for open positions in companies than women due to the language written in job listings. The wordings are more biased toward one gender adhering to gender stereotypes. According to an article published by the Forbes magazine, the word ‘ninja’ is used in high tech job descriptions that increased between January 2012 and October 2016 by 400%. In addition, the word ‘dominant’ increased by 65% in the same time (Forbes.com, 2018). Another study conducted by Kuhn and Shen, (2012) stated that gender discrimination is witnessed in advertisements on Chinese job boards. Job ads that target gender favour men and women are less presented in jobs that require high skill levels. The height, age and beauty of workers are strongly preferred over job skills for male versus male workers. Another study conducted by Horvath and Sczesny, (2016) highlighted the fact that linguistic forms like masculine generics used in job descriptions tend to be cognitively under-presented with low inclusion of women. These gender biased job ads showed that female applicants perceived to fit less than males in high-status positions due to masculine linguistic forms in job descriptions. Dubbelt, Rispens and Demerouti, (2016) conducted a study to provide insight into disadvantaged position of women at work. The cross-sectional study showed that gender discrimination was negatively associated with job resources and positively associated with job demands. There were gender differences witnessed in job characteristics posing a hindrance to career success of women.
To provide equal opportunities for women and men, HRM should take up practical steps ensuring gender equality and equal pay.
Reassessment of job requirements
The companies should hire women for senior job roles and greatly consider the barriers that hinder them from filling it. Employers should take into consideration every type of experience broadening the pool of possible applicants. Expansion of applicant pool and promoting diversity would help to promote gender equity in workplaces (O’Reilly et al., 2015).
Consideration of biases
Research suggests that although employers understand unconscious bias, they are not able to believe that it happens at the company (Chant & Sweetman, 2012). During hiring, managers should provide resumes with removal of names so that women are not discriminated.
Rethinking interview process
During interview, questions should be asked, phrased in the same manner to every candidate as different words can elicit varied answers. As a part of recommendation, during interview staging, interview candidates should be of mixed gender for reducing hiring biases.
Minimization of gender pay gap
As a part of recommendation, employers should not ask women and men about their salaries at their last job, rather every job should have pay range with allowance for special cases. There should also be auditing of payroll by employers increasing pay for women who are short-changed (Shen, 2013).
Addressing work-life balance
Employers should provide employees to have control over their schedules and no prioritization of time in delivering results in the office (face time over bottom line). Managers should consider helping pay to women for childcare making sure that company is employee friendly reducing frustration and stress in them (Rehman & Azam Roomi, 2012).
Equal opportunities for all employees
Companies should employ processes where all employees are placed on same platform meeting same standards as they progress through their careers. This helps employees to get equal opportunities and same exposure in training and promotions at workplaces (Korpi, Ferrarini & Englund, 2013).
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that gender inequality prevails at workplaces with wide gender pay gap. There is wage inequality where women are receiving unequal treatment based on gender. They are subjected to inequality in HRM practices like pay, hiring, promotion and job roles. Despite of the fact that women have battled to achieve enormous advances in all aspects of life, there is inequality in pay, promotions where they are earning less as compared to male counterparts. At workplaces, HR mangers do not enact practices that promote gender equality through decision-making and policy processes promoting the notion that men and women are different. The problem of gender inequality can be explained through human capita theory suggesting that differences should be created based on skills and experiences rather than gender. To promote gender equality, it can be recommended that there should be enforcement of rules and strict setting that uphold gender equality in terms of equal pay, unbiased recruitment, training and promotion for women at workplaces.
Annese, L. (2018). Paying women less than men is criminal. Is it time to make it illegal? | Lisa Annese. the Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/08/australia-needs-to-overcome-the-gender-pay-gap-the-pace-of-progress-is-too-slow
Broderick, E. (2012). Women in the Workforce. Australian Economic Review, 45(2), 204-210.
Card, D., Cardoso, A. R., & Kline, P. (2015). Bargaining, sorting, and the gender wage gap: Quantifying the impact of firms on the relative pay of women. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(2), 633-686.
Chant, S., & Sweetman, C. (2012). Fixing women or fixing the world?‘Smart economics’, efficiency approaches, and gender equality in development. Gender & Development, 20(3), 517-529.
Cuberes, D., & Teignier, M. (2014). Gender inequality and economic growth: A critical review. Journal of International Development, 26(2), 260-276.
Dubbelt, L., Rispens, S., & Demerouti, E. (2016). Gender discrimination and job characteristics. Career Development International, 21(3), 230-245.
forbes.com. (2018). Forbes Welcome. Forbes.com. Retrieved 8 February 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/break-the-future/2018/01/31/why-gender-bias-holds-us-all-back/2/#e142f1a7bc44
forbes.com. (2018). Forbes Welcome. Forbes.com. Retrieved 8 February 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/hbsworkingknowledge/2016/12/14/how-to-take-gender-bias-out-of-your-job-ads/#142dbfe31024
fortune.com. (2018). It'll Take 217 Years for Women To Achieve Equality in the Workplace. Fortune. Retrieved 8 February 2018, from https://fortune.com/2017/11/02/gender-equality-in-the-workplace-how-long/
García?Izquierdo, A. L., Moscoso, S., & Ramos?Villagrasa, P. J. (2012). Reactions to the Fairness of Promotion Methods: Procedural justice and job satisfaction. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 20(4), 394-403.
Gauchat, G., Kelly, M., & Wallace, M. (2012). Occupational gender segregation, globalization, and gender earnings inequality in US metropolitan areas. Gender & Society, 26(5), 718-747.
Herrbach, O., & Mignonac, K. (2012). Perceived gender discrimination and women’s subjective career success: The moderating role of career anchors. Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, 67(1), 25-50.
Horvath, L. K., & Sczesny, S. (2016). Reducing women’s lack of fit with leadership positions? Effects of the wording of job advertisements. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(2), 316-328.
Ibarra, H., Ely, R., & Kolb, D. (2013). Women rising: The unseen barriers. Harvard Business Review, 91(9), 60-66.
Kim, M. (2013). Policies to end the gender wage gap in the United States. Review of Radical Political Economics, 45(3), 278-283.
Korpi, W., Ferrarini, T., & Englund, S. (2013). Women's opportunities under different family policy constellations: Gender, class, and inequality tradeoffs in western countries re-examined. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 20(1), 1-40.
Kuhn, P., & Shen, K. (2012). Gender discrimination in job ads: Evidence from china. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), 287-336.
Liebkind, K., Larja, L., & Brylka, A. (2016). Ethnic and gender discrimination in recruitment: Experimental evidence from Finland. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 4(1), 403-426.
Lips, H. M. (2013). The gender pay gap: Challenging the rationalizations. Perceived equity, discrimination, and the limits of human capital models. Sex Roles, 68(3-4), 169-185.
O’Reilly, J., Smith, M., Deakin, S., & Burchell, B. (2015). Equal pay as a moving target: International perspectives on forty-years of addressing the gender pay gap. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 39(2), 299-317.
Philippon, T., & Reshef, A. (2012). Wages and human capital in the US finance industry: 1909–2006. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127(4), 1551-1609.
Pocock, B., Charlesworth, S., & Chapman, J. (2013). Work-family and work-life pressures in Australia: advancing gender equality in “good times”?. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 33(9/10), 594-612.
Posthuma, R. A., Wagstaff, M. F., & Campion, M. A. (2012). 16 Age Stereotypes and Workplace Age Discrimination. The Oxford handbook of work and aging, 298.
Rehman, S., & Azam Roomi, M. (2012). Gender and work-life balance: a phenomenological study of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(2), 209-228.
Ridgeway, C. L. (2014). Why status matters for inequality. American Sociological Review, 79(1), 1-16.
Sabharwal, M. (2013). From glass ceiling to glass cliff: Women in senior executive service. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(2), 399-426.
Shen, H. (2013). Mind the gender gap. Nature, 495(7439), 22.

domain: sociology


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Farmington staff prepares for battle, charity drive
By Maria Allard
Posted December 11, 2012
FARMINGTON — The court has been primed, the T-shirts have been sold and the teachers have drummed up their star-athlete personas.
On Dec. 14, the Farmington High School gymnasium will roar like a Detroit Pistons game as the north-versus-south basketball challenge, Battle of the Middles VIII, heats up.
Several Farmington Public Schools staff members will take on each other in a charity basketball game to benefit the Neighborhood House of Farmington/Farmington Hills and the Farmington Area Goodfellows.
The North Team consists of Dunckel Middle and Warner Upper Elementary staff members who will dribble, shoot and score against East Middle and Power Upper Elementary staff. Forty-three players are on the rosters, including teachers, paraprofessionals, custodians, building administrators, counselors, psychologists, social workers, student teachers and a curriculum director.
Dunckel eighth-grade math teacher Marc Szalka founded the annual event.
“When I came into the district, I wanted to do something to connect with the community,” Szalka said. “I know the holidays are difficult for many families. I though this would be a nice way to give back.”
Game admission is $5 for adults, $3 for students/children or $1 with the donation of two or more canned goods. Spectators who donate a new, unwrapped toy get into the game free of charge.
The players each come with their own skill levels.
“Some have basketball experience. There will also be people that haven’t played basketball before,” Szalka said, adding that the event is relaxed. “It’s a great time. Everyone just likes to laugh at each other.”
And while the adults get a charge out of the friendly competition, so do the students.
“The kids enjoy seeing their teachers in a different light. Every year, we pack the gym,” Szalka said. “The staff understands the impact this has on the community.”
Staff members who prefer to stay off the court also have the opportunity to assist with the event by performing other jobs during the night, including taking admission and donations. Local businesses also were sought to sponsor the game.
Farmington High School is located at 32000 Shiawassee. Doors open at 5:45 p.m. The game begins at 6:30 p.m. According to a district press release, the Battle of the Middles Basketball Game has helped raise more than $20,000 in the last seven years, along with countless canned goods and toys.
“We benefit from it big time,” Neighborhood House client support specialist Loretta Zahn said. “It’s a great thing. It does so much for Neighborhood House.”
Zahn said Neighborhood House is approaching its 25th year. She said the nonprofit organization, in which the late Richard Tupper was a large influence, helps people in crisis all year long.
“We assist with utility shut-offs, evictions,” the Farmington Hills resident said. “I can, on occasion, help with prescriptions for people that don’t have insurance. I have a food pantry. The economy is so bad. I know it’s getting better. It just hasn’t trickled down to the people I service.”
The nonprofit does not receive state or federal funds, Zahn said.
“Neighborhood House is kept alive by the citizens of Farmington, the churches of Farmington and the schools,” the retired FPS Headstart teacher said. “They’re the wind beneath our wings.”
The Neighborhood House receives monetary donations at 31455 W. 11 Mile Road, Farmington Hills, MI 48336. Checks can be made out to Farmington Neighborhood House.
The 2012 Farmington Area Goodfellows holiday operations are in full swing with the mission of “No Child or Senior without a Christmas.” According to the Goodfellows website at www.farmington areagoodfellows.org, the group is in need of canned/boxed foods, new toys and new books to help support its annual Holiday Assistance Program for families and seniors living in Farmington and Farmington Hills.
According to the website, collection boxes are at the following sites: Farmington City Hall; the downtown Farmington Public Library on Liberty Street in Farmington; Farmington Hills City Hall; the Costick Center at 28600 W. 11 Mile Road in Farmington Hills; and two Talmer Banks located at 33205 Grand River Ave., in downtown Farmington and 37386 W. 12 Mile Road in Farmington Hills. Donations are welcome through Dec. 14. The year-round collection boxes are at both City Halls and the Farmington Community Library’s downtown Farmington branch.
About the author
Staff Writer Maria Allard covers the school districts of Center Line, Fitzgerald, Van Dyke, Warren Consolidated and Warren Woods, and Macomb Community College for the Warren Weekly newspaper. She also covers the City of Grosse Pointe Woods and the Grosse Pointe Public Schools System for the Grosse Pointe Times newspaper. Allard has a bachelor’s degree in journalism from Wayne State University, and she is in love with the Rolling Stones.
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domain: news


Salus iT600 Advanced HVAC/Boiler Control System is a complete HVAC control system consists of multi-zone thermostats, wiring centre, boiler module, battery operated wireless TRV. It can be used in various residential HVAC system application. I can also be used in light commercial and small office.
This remote application helps user to setup temperature, schedule in individual or grouped thermostats. With simple steps, user can setup Party or Vacation mode on multiple groups.


There was a change of the A-class show results in Hasselt. Viola Speier from the ECAHO Office informed the owner of Tamara LL (Gris El Jamaal – Sweet Alladina/Almaden), Johanna Ullström, that it was her mare who won the Senior Mares Gold Medal, while the Silver Medal was given to a previous winner, a Saudi-owned Abha Opalina (WH Justice – Om El Amira Estopa/Sanadik El Shaklan).
We have already mentioned the controversies about the judges’ verdict. Abha Opalina went second in her class, behind Bess Fa’Izah, who went lame during the championship and had to leave the ring. Abha Opalina, who remained at ‘the battlefield’, won the championship, but from the second place in the class, which is against the ECAHO rules. A group of presenters lodged an objection to the show organizer and the disciplinary committee.
It’s worth adding that, after the show ends, only an hour remains to file a complaint at a special ECAHO form and pay a bid bond. This time it was made on time, and the complaint was examined very quickly – only a week after the event.


I´m having a problem. I´ve built a system 5 months ago consisting of an ASUS P8H61-LE mobo, core i3-2120 processor, radeon 6850 video card and 6gb kingston value ddr3 1333 memory, PSU is an Antec HCG-520. Until yesterday 1pm everything was working perfectly. Yesterday I got a core i5-3450 and a Radeon 7850 to upgrade my system. Got home about 8pm and installed cpu and videocard without problems. Turned on the PC, everything apparently worked fine, all fans spinning, but no video signal to the monitor. Checked all connections, reseated videocard, but no change. Thought it could be a faulty video card, then plugged my old radeon 6850 back. And guess what? Nothing happened, no signal to the monitor. Checked everything again, reseated processor, memory sticks, everything. No luck.
Any ideas of what may be happening? I don´t even know if its POSTing, because in never beeps when it does POST normally. System was working perfectly 8 hours before the upgrade, so i dont believe is a faulty dvi cable or things like that.
Thanks in advance!
Last replyBest Answer
More aboutturns video signal upgrade
Did you try putting the old processor back in? If that works, try the old processor with the new card. Maybe your new CPU is DOA?
Your CPU may not be supported with your board or you may need to update your bios first.
That´s exactly what happened. I had not updated my board's BIOS and it didn´t recognize the new processor. Had to install the i3, then update the BIOS, and now everything works fine. Thanks for the input, guys!


You could tell the boys had never flown before, because two minutes after we took off from Pensacola Aviation Center they had broken out of their cages and were roaming nervously through the small, cramped Piper Saratoga passenger plane.
The boys are brothers. Two beautiful, yet too-thin, Weimaraner dogs that had been recently abandoned in a Pensacola garage. But on Wednesday, they were heading to a new home at the Weimaraners Rescue and Adoption of Florida, a no-kill shelter in Eustis.
But first they had to get a ride. That’s when Eric Kline, a 50-year-old pilot and Pensacola businessman, came to the rescue.
Kline is a volunteer pilot for Pilots N Paws, a national organization that delivers dogs to no-kill shelters throughout the South. The Escambia County Animal Shelter does kill unwanted and unadopted animals, while the Pensacola Humane Society, a no-kill shelter, is at capacity.
So on Wednesday, Kline delivered the wide-eyed boys to Orlando, where they were met by a volunteer from the Weimaraner Rescue organization. But before touching down in Orlando, Kline made a stopover in Montgomery, Ala., where he picked up an additional eight dogs that were also going to new homes and no-kill shelters.
“Aren’t dogs great?” Kline asked, after originally leading the excited Weimaraners into one of five dog crates stored aboard the six-passenger plane — the back seats had been removed to make room for the dogs.
Heading south after takeoff, Kline heard a commotion from the back. The boys had broken the hinges of the plastic crate with metal gratings and were soon tromping all over the packed plane. They pressed wet noses to the windows, watching the ground grow smaller and smaller, and left dog snot smudges on the glass. And other places.
“I got spooged!” Kline said through his headset, after one of the sleek gray dogs pressed a wet, runny nose against his neck while he piloted the plane toward Montgomery. A few seconds later, the same dog was trying to squeeze onto Kline’s lap from the left shoulder, while the other dog tried to climb into the pilot and passenger seat from the other side. He petted them both at the same time — the plane was on autopilot — but the dogs wanted to be a little closer to the action and tried to get in our laps.
“Dog is my co-pilot,” Kline said, before one of the dogs nearly commandeered the plane.
Kline needed help.
“Hey, can you help me turn these dogs around?” Kline asked me.
I unbuckled my seat belt and turned and wrestled the dogs off Kline, pushing them to the backseat, where they ended up resting on the tops of the scattered dog crates and computer bags packed into the back. We didn’t have to worry about them, you know, doing their business. They left their business cards on the tarmac at Pensacola Aviation Center.
The brothers spent most of the hourlong flight to Montgomery staring out the window, only occasionally letting out a inquisitive bark.
We arrived in Montgomery, where we removed the dogs from the plane and let them drink a little water on the tarmac, where two vehicles had been awaiting our arrival. The vehicles were packed with the eight more dogs we would transport to Orlando — four puppies, a hound dog, a Labrador retriever, a goldendoodle and a beagle.
Most of the dogs had been rescued or abandoned in the Selma, Ala., area and Jennifer Saylors and other volunteers delivered them to Montgomery so Kline could transport them south.
“It’s not about me,” Kline said about the rescue earlier. “There’s a whole network of people who work to take care of these animals.”
He’s right. In Pensacola, mother-and-daughter volunteers Priscilla and Jimmie Lynn Parker delivered the Weimaraners to Pensacola International Airport, after being contacted by the Big Dog Ranch in Wellington, which is a partner with the Weimaraner Rescue organization.
In Montgomery, Saylors and others had driven for hours to get the Selma dogs to Kline.
In Orlando, hours later, volunteers from three different organizations came to pick up the dogs, many of which had promissory adoptions lined up on arrival.
“How was the trip?” asked Robert Smallwood, a volunteer with the Second Chance Puppies and Kittens Rescue in Palm Beach, where all but the Wiemaraners and the hound dog would go.
“It was great,” said the jovial Kline. “They barely even barked.”
He unloaded the dogs from their crates — Kline had fixed the broken crate with zip ties in Montgomery — and one-by-one, the dogs jumped from the plane onto the tarmac, tails-a-wagging, their big, bubble eyes wide with uncertainty.
We led them by leashes to the awaiting vehicles, and within minutes they were whisked away to new lives.
“What makes people abandon two beautiful dogs like this?” Kline asked, while giving the boys a tarmac treat and a few hugs before sending them off. “They’re beautiful animals.”
Kline, a married father of two daughters, has two dogs of his own. The Air Force veteran began flying 10 years ago. He purchased the 1982 Piper Saratoga three years ago. He became a Pilot N Paws rescue pilot about a year ago and has made about a dozen trips to various regions to deliver dogs — paying for fuel and all associated costs himself.
He is also a pilot for Angel Flight, flying sick and injured people from Pensacola to various medical facilities.
“I had been looking for a way to do more with my life,” Kline said. “And these programs are something I can do to help.”
Animal advocates say transportation is always an issue when trying to get at-risk dogs to a safe haven.
“The cost makes it hard for a lot of people and organizations,” said Sarah Humlie, managing director of the Pensacola Humane Society. “One reason they might transport dogs to other areas is there might be more of a demand.”
She said the Humane Society currently has about 70 animals, and only has room for one more — a medium to large dog.
So many local dogs that are to be saved must be transported to other no-kill shelters with vacancies.
“There’s a whole network of people who are dedicated to these dogs,” Priscilla Parker said in Pensacola. “People on Facebook, all these animal organizations. We all work together for these beautiful animals.”
She stared at the gray brothers, who were climbing onto her lap, tails-a-wagging.
“They’re a little hyper,” she said. “But they probably haven’t had attention in so long. They’re dying for attention.”
And now they have plenty. And they have a future, too.
What to know
Pilots N Paws
Pilots N Paws is a national organization that uses volunteer pilots to transport at-risk animals to no-kill shelters and new homes throughout the nation. The organization has a website with a forum where pilots can connect with animal welfare organizations to help transport the animals.
Pensacola Human Society
The Pensacola Human Society is a no-kill shelter with limited occupancy. Currently, there are about 70 animals at the shelter, which is about capacity.
» Details: www.pensacolahumane.org


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URBANA, Ill. (WCIA) — Are you just looking for a reason to bust out the Superman cape in your closest? If so, the second annual “Comic Con” at The Urbana Free Library this Saturday morning is the place to wear it!
The event celebrates everything from the comic and gaming worlds. Maybe you’re a fan of older comics or newer, board games or video, fans will have the chance to interact and even put their skills to the test.
Games, discussions, and exhibits are all family-friendly. Click the video to learn more about everything that’s happening at the event!
To learn more, visit the library’s web page for the event: http://urbanafreelibrary.org/comic-con-celebrating-comics-and-fandom-2016

domain: library


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There are many different kinds of lights available for your outdoor area, so you may have to choose between fixed lighting or hanging, portable lighting, if you wish to change or move your outdoor areas. A great idea is to leave hanging lights near pathways and terraces. Once you have your lighting chosen, make sure you think about how it will affect your gardens. You need to look at the lighting brightness and colours, and match them with wall features, or garden plants. A great idea is to string fairy lights around a small pond, for added reflection of the light.
These lights are very attractive and since they are designed for installing outside homes, they are very fashionable and are designed with high quality brass, nickel, and other eye catching metallic or wooden finishes. Since they are kept on for a long period especially after sunset, they tend to contribute to the energy bills significantly, so if you are sensitive to electric bills, then you need to buy a product that consumes less electricity. These usually come with a form of protection that protects them from moisture or any outdoor damage. A huge variety of outdoor ceiling lights is available on the market, or even on the Internet, so selecting the right one for these houses is not difficult.
Outdoor lighting can make a great difference to your home, and the different types of lighting ideas can bring out the beauty of your house by highlighting and bring out the feature you like. It is easy to admire a house which is lit up at night, because they are few and far between, but when done correctly, can really be something to impress passers by, or even visitors to your home.
During the earlier summer months my backyard was a functional and safe place to socialize and relax without resorting to outdoor lights. Where I live the sun can still be shining until 9.30pm. In fact, during the month of June the skies became dark and the backyard become too dark to be safe right around the time I wanted some BBQ guests to leave so it worked out perfectly.
We started to create our outdoor lighting scheme about 5 years ago. My spouse and I were charmed by the simplicity and beautiful effect or the outdoor lights of a French restaurant in our town. Since that time we have experimented with many different variations of outdoor lighting designs. Our scheme is a work in progress and it gets tweaked each year. Some years we use a lot of string lights while in other years we use spot lights and twinkly lights. We generally tend to stick to white lights although we sometimes use the odd colored spotlight to great success.
Hit Thumbnails to Open Galleries of Outdoor Light Socket Below
Hit One of The Thumbnails Below to Get More Outdoor Lighting Ideas

domain: design


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Mihara Yasuhiro is regarded as one of the most innovative menswear designer of his generation. His successful collaboration with Puma made him a household name in menswear. He is fond of experimenting with unconventional techniques in order to create something new and different. Aside from being a designer, he is also an amazing storyteller. You can totally notice the progression of his latest collection from a young Ivy Leaguer to a more sophisticated grown-up urbanite if you look closely at the pictures below. Some of the highlights of the collection include Miharayasuhiro's signature half capes and those neat two-toned leather brogues. Also, those printed suits and blazers blew me away. I wonder how he managed to achieve those rad rope effects! Oh, he even made matching bags to go with the outfits! How funky, right?
All photos courtesy of Style.com


Kindura: A Pragmatic Open Source Approach to Institutional Cloud Storage with Fedora and DuraCloud
Submitted by on Mon, 2012-07-30 14:58
Ithaca, NY Institutions with IT departments offer services and storage based on infrastructure that has been accumulated over time. Limitations of in-house services combined with evolving data curation, management and cost requirements, have made the flexibility of cloud computing and storage options appealing. The Kindura Project sought to test a hybrid cloud, shared service and in-house solution for providing repository-focused services to researchers across partner institutions to enable an institution to make use of its own unused internal archival storage along with elastic commercial or academic clouds. The project team looked at requirements for cloud storage in a repository as a proof of concept with the aim of producing a case study and documentation using ad hoc research data and related documents from multiple institutions not covered under existing preservation or archiving plans.
The Kindura project was led by Kings College London and funded by the JISC Flexible Service Delivery Program. The Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) and DuraSpace were project partners. Authors Simon Waddington, Gareth Knight, Mark Hedges, Jens Jensen, and Roger Downing describe investigations and outcomes in the Journal of Digital Information, Vol 13, No 1 (2012) Kindura: Repository services for researchers based on hybrid clouds http://journals.tdl.org/jodi/article/view/5877>.
Kindura performed cost optimization analyses for storage balanced with data transfers in and data transfers out. Semi-automatic migration workflows could send data to a lower tier storage based on data lifecycle stages.
The Kindura project provided researchers with technical proof of concept for a flexible institutional repository hybrid storage model based on cloud storage combined with existing IT resources. The project team welcomes feedback from researchers.
For a complete project overview plus related presentations, published papers and information about how to download Kindura open source code please visit:
Project web site:


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Whether you need a blade for your deployment, or just for your outdoor adventures, the coyote Gerber StrongArm Fixed Blade Knife with straight edge, is a solid choice. The 420HC stainless steel blade features a reflection-limiting black ceramic finish to aid in concealment and helps prevent rust. A glass-filled nylon handle is overmolded with a rubberized diamond-textured grip to provide a solid hold even when wet. To break glass and other hard surfaces for effective rescue operations a striking pommel is built-in to the end. The multi-use modular sheath system permits carry in a number of different manners, including vertically on a MOLLE vest, horizontally on a standard 1.75" tactical belt, or in a traditional drop-leg belt mount fashion. Gerber proudly manufactures this knife in their Portland, Oregon manufacturing facility.
Drop point style
420HC stainless steel
Reflection-limiting black ceramic finish
Glass-filled nylon handle over-wrapped with a diamond-textured rubberized grip
Temperature-resistant to maintain comfortable temperature in cold and wet weather
Stainless steel striking pommel
Detachable hoops for horizontal belt carry
Nylon webbing for drop-leg carry and secondary retention


Today, I’d like to hear from you! I know that many of you compete or enter your students in competition. Competition is a topic of discussion among many dancers, teachers, and parents and I’d like ask my readers,
What are the pros or the benefits of competition in dance? And, what are the cons or negative aspects?
I realize that many have strongly held beliefs and opinions on this subject. It is perfectly alright to express these opinions, however, I ask that you remain respectful to those that hold differing opinions. Thanks, in advance, for your participation!
Nichelle Suzanne is a writer specializing in dance and online content. She is also a dance instructor with over 20 years experience teaching in dance studios, community programs, and colleges. She began Dance Advantage in 2008, equipped with a passion for movement education and an intuitive sense that a blog could bring dancers together. As a Houston-based dance writer, Nichelle covers dance performance for Dance Source Houston, Arts+Culture Texas, and other publications. She is a leader in social media within the dance community and has presented on blogging for dance organizations, including Dance/USA. Nichelle provides web consulting and writing services for dancers, dance schools and studios, and those beyond the dance world. Read Nichelle’s posts.


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2 edition of aesthetic theories of Kant, Hegel, and Schopenhauer. found in the catalog.
aesthetic theories of Kant, Hegel, and Schopenhauer.
First published in 1936.
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||219|
Author by: Robert J. Wicks Languange: en Publisher by: John Wiley & Sons Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 56 Total Download: File Size: 45,5 Mb Description: This innovative volume presents an insightful philosophical portrait of the life and work of Arthur s on the concept of the sublime as it clarifies Schopenhauer’s aesthetic theory, moral theory. Aesthetic Theories of Kant, Hegel and Schopenhauer: Books - Skip to main content. Try Prime EN Hello, Sign in Account & Lists Sign in Account & Lists Orders Try Prime Cart. Books. Go Search Hello Select your address.
Summary and Analysis of Schopenhauer’s Work: The World as Will and as Representation. The World as Will and Representation, published in , by Arthur Schopenhauer (a german philosopher) is an immense work, a cathedral whose ambition is to synthesize the conceptions of ontology, metaphysics, morality or nhauer, a disciple of Kant, takes over and transforms Kantian idealism. Arthur Schopenhauer's aesthetics: | | ||| | Schopenhauer claimed that art provides knowledge of et World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. In fact, Hegel’s own fundamental claim that art offers the sensible appearance of the Idea is a direct descendent of Kant’s account of aesthetic ideas, itself Kant’s own synthesis of the perennial conception of aesthetic experience as a form of cognition (going back at least to Aristotle’s Poetics) with the eighteenth-century idea of it.
works Search for books with subject Arthur Schopenhauer (). Search. Read. Borrow. Read. Borrow. Read. Read. Borrow. Borrow. The aesthetic theories of Kant, Hegel, and Schopenhauer Israel Knox Not In Library. Borrow. Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer Not In Library. Borrow. Publishing History. Download Citation | Schopenhauer | This innovative volume presents an insightful philosophical portrait of the life and work of Arthur Schopenhauer. Focuses on the concept of the | Find, read. Aesthetics - Aesthetics - Kant, Schiller, and Hegel: As previously noted, Kant’s The Critique of Judgment introduced the first full account of aesthetic experience as a distinct exercise of rational mentality. The principal ingredients of Kant’s work are the following: the antinomy of taste, the emphasis on the free play of the imagination, the theory of aesthetic experience as both free.
Sir Solomon de Medina
Humor in the American Pulpit
Interest rate expectations
constitutions of the United States, according to the latest amendments
Initiatives for arthritis
Fuzzy image processing and applications with MATLAB
Lectures on homoeopathic materia medica
Liberals in power, 1905-1914.
Interpreting the National Electrical Code
Body awareness in action
gods, goddesses and heroes on the ancient coins of Bible lands
Getting home is only half the challenge
Ireland Business & Investment Opportunities Yearbook
SyntaxTextGen not activatedBuy Aesthetic Theories of Kant, Pdf and Schopenhauer New edition by Israel Knox (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.Additional Physical Format: Online version: Knox, Israel, Aesthetic theories of Kant, Hegel, and Schopenhauer.
London: Thames & Hudson, G.W.F. Hegel’s aesthetics, or ebook of art, forms part of the extraordinarily rich German aesthetic ebook that stretches from J.J. Winckelmann’s Thoughts on the Imitation of the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks () and G.E. Lessing’s Laocoon () through Immanuel Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment () and Friedrich Schiller’s Letters on the Aesthetic.


Over the past four decades, Kenny Loggins has produced 12 platinum albums, won two Grammys and recorded so many movie soundtracks -- including "I'm Alright" from "Caddyshack," the title track from "Footloose" and "Danger Zone" from "Top Gun" -- that it earned him a special title.
"It's not a bad thing to be known as 'The Soundtrack King," Loggins, now 66, says in the above clip from "Oprah: Where Are They Now?"
"I started out when I was 21," Loggins says. "And I was really drawn to a band called Buffalo Springfield. And when I saw the name Jimmy Messina as producing the Buffalo Springfield records, I started sending him demos."
One thing led to another, he says, and Loggins and Messina went on to become one of the most successful singing-songwriting duos of the 1970s.
Loggins had even bigger success in the '80s. While he knew "Top Gun" was going to be a breakout film for Tom Cruise when he recorded "Danger Zone," Loggins says the popularity of "Footloose" was a complete surprise. "One of my best friends, Dean Pitchford, wrote a screenplay that he called 'Footloose,' and he asked me if I would write a couple of songs for the screenplay," he recalls. "There was no way of predicting that 'Footloose' would be the biggest movie of the summer."
The secret to his songwriting, Loggins says, is a personal connection. "I needed to write music that touched my heart, that had something to do with who I am and where I am in my life," he says. "And the deeper I could go with that, the more likely it would touch other people."
Also in the video, Loggins talks about what it was like to be a guest judge on "American Idol" and work with aspiring pop stars. "It's not the end of your troubles to become famous," Loggins says. "If how you feel about yourself relies upon how the audience feels about you, you're screwed. Because sooner or later, you're not going to be cool anymore."


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Discussion: Cardiovascular System Diseases
You may select a disease condition of either the cardiovascular system OR the Lymphatic/Immune systems
Using a reliable authority’s website such as the National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, or subject matter expert websites such as the American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, American Hematology Society, or other reputable online source for specific disease conditions.
Select a disease related to either the cardiovascular, blood, or lymphatic/immune systems that you would like to learn more about.
Document the disease condition you researched including:
- Typical signs and symptoms associated with the condition
- Common tests and procedures used to diagnose the condition
- New abbreviations, acronyms or eponyms you encounter
- Possible treatment methodologies for the condition
- Website(s) you visited to help formulate your initial posting.
Do NOT cut-and-paste from the website.
References must be specific with website link/address. “Mayoclinic.org” is not specific enough.
Coronary artery disease is a common type of heart disease caused by buildup of plaque arteries with supply blood to heart and other body parts. Plaque has cholesterol deposits and other substances within artery. Typical signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease include the chest pain and angina discomfort, weakness, nausea, light-headedness or cold sweat; shortness of breath and discomfort or pain in shoulder or arms (Mayo Clinic, 2020). Coronary artery disease can weaken the heart muscles which leads to heart failure making it a serious condition as heart cannot pump the blood in right manner.
With high risks for the heart disease or already with symptoms, there are several tests and procedures to diagnosis the coronary artery disease condition. Some of the texts include electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, exercise stress test, echocardiogram, and coronary artery calcium scan among many others. Electrocardiogram helps in measuring the electrical activity, regularity and rate of the heartbeat. Echocardiogram is a procedure which uses the ultrasound to create the heart picture. Chest x-ray helps by using x-rays to create lung, heart and other organs picture for diagnosis. Coronary angiogram helps in monitoring the blood flow and blockage through the coronary artery (Cleveland Clinic, 2021). This text uses the x-ray in detecting the dye injected through cardiac catheterization. New abbreviations, eponyms and acronyms I have encountered include CT, CAD, ECG and EKG.
The treatment of coronary artery disease is through change of lifestyle, medications, and surgery. First step of reducing the coronary artery disease is to make lifestyle changes in order to reduce the risks factors. Some things which will change include not smoking, managing the health problems like high blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes; eating healthy diet, limit on alcohol use and increase of activity level. Medications are used to lower the levels of cholesterol such as niacin, fibrates, bile acid sequestrates and statins. Medications is also used to lower the blood pressure, stop angina and reduce the risks associated with blood clotting.
Cleveland Clinic. (2021, June 06). Coronary Artery Disease. Retrieved from clevelandclinic.org: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery-disease
Mayo Clinic. (2020, June 05). Coronary artery disease. Retrieved from mayoclinic.org: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350613


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Position – Right Back
DOB – 28/8/1987
Debut v Arsenal – Sep 2004
Nicknames – Squirrel
The first player introduced through the Glory Horns message board back in 2004, Phil played with squirrel-like determination. His WIFC highlights included being captain for the memorable funbus win at Rotherham in 2005, taking a beating in a Leeds gutter at his debut Worldnet and grabbing his first goal for the club at Dulwich in 2009. He also had a very credible stint with the pikey student mantle while at Uni in Leicester, where he developed an uncanny ability to sponge beer from his mates, and a substantial paunch in which to store his nuts. Phil also got involved off the pitch, and took on the role of fixtures organiser between 2012-14 and was voted clubman in 2012/13 for his efforts.
Phil’s Q and A
Describe yourself in a sentence
Better than Wellsy
What was the first WFC game you went to and what can you remember about it?
Bristol City at home in May 1995. We won 1-0 with a goal from Kevin Phillips. On the way home my dad apologised for all the bad language and my reply was (i was 7 at the time) “Don’t worry Dad, i hear worse than that at school!”.
Finest ever WFC memory
Winning the Playoff final at Wembley in 99. I was only eleven at the time but I remember it well. It was the moment that, after a childhood of being somewhat partial to Man United thanks to my Dad, I was sure I was going to be Watford for life.
Worst away trip and why
The Hull Funbus trip in 2008. 5am start, 4-0 thrashing in the morning, arguing amongst ourselves already, rubbish pub where nobody could get a beer at lunchtime or any food, pissing with rain, Shittu up front, 2-0 down after a handful of minutes, Boothroyd losing the plot, 3-0 final score, complete lack of fun in the funbus on the way home. Oh, and it was in Hull. Fond memories.
WIFC playing highlight
My one and only goal, a deft chip over the keeper away at Dulwich Hamlet in December 2009.
Favourite WIFC moment
The coach trip to go and watch Union Royale Namur play away at KSC Hasselt in the Belgian Third Division having beaten the Namur supporters 6-1 that morning. Beers, synchronised pissing, ‘URN’, ‘Hoist up the Namur flag’, Mark Collins in the luggage rack. Eclipses any WIFC funbus adventure.
All-time favourite Watford player
All-time favourite Watford XI (not the best players – your favourites)
Scott Loach, Jure Travner, Ramon Vega, Adam Griffiths, Sietes, Martin Devaney, Danny Drinkwater, John-Joe O’Toole, Mark Yeates, Junior, Nathan Ellington
Red shorts or black?
Which actor would play you in ‘WIFC – The Movie’
One of these chaps http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4702653.stm

domain: sports


Montana Governor Vetoes State Nullification of Federal Gun GrabThe New American
Apr. 01, 2013
Watergate 2.0: Obama Regime Wiretapped Trump Campaign Chair During And After Election
Fake Hate? 'Trump Rules' & Poorly Drawn Swastikas Spray-Painted On Monument In Milwaukee
BUSTED: Obama's DNI Chief James Clapper Swore Trump Campaign Was Not Wiretapped
CNN Cuts Off Black Trump Supporter After He Rejects Concept Of 'White Guilt'
"Brown Power!" Illegal Aliens Crash Pelosi's DACA Press Conference, Demand Amnesty For All Illegals
On March 28, Montana Governor Steve Bullock vetoed a nullification bill protecting the Second Amendment rights of Montanans from infringement by the federal government.


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Choosing the Best Dog Food
When selecting the ideal dog food There are a few aspects to take into consideration: its quality of ingredients.
A high-quality dog food should contain high-quality proteins like fresh chicken, meat or fish. These kinds of protein are much easier for dogs to digest than plant proteins.
The best brand of dog food will provide your pet with all the vital nutrients they need to stay healthy and content. This means that they must be free of fats, rich in protein, and packed with fiber. Additionally, be sure that there are no ingredients that cause reactions in dogs that have sensitive stomachs or food allergies.
It is the main component of a nutritious dog food, providing the dogs with protein and the energy they require. In addition, it is loaded with nutrients necessary for playing and active times such as vitamins and minerals to aid in the maintenance of coat, skin, and bones.
Purina ONE is an ideal option for pet parents looking for affordable food that contains all essential ingredients their pets require. The recipes were developed by experts in the field of canine nutrition and they offer recipes specifically designed for various life stages as well as health issues and breeds.
SmartBlend Dry Dog Food is an ideal food for puppies as well as older dogs as it is packed with high-quality proteins and fiber, which promotes fullness and an ideal body weight. Plus, it includes various antioxidants and vitamins to keep your pup happy and healthy.
This brand stands out from other dog foods that are available, as their formulas do not contain fillers. This is an enormous benefit for pet parents looking to minimize the potential for their pup’s stomach to become upset by the addition of ingredients.
Protein is also abundant in this formula, which could be beneficial for dogs who are active and want to remain fit and strong. This is particularly true of puppy formulas, which typically contain more protein than adult formulas.
Another reason we like this brand is their transparency about their sourcing practices. All ingredients come from US farm and they are subjected to a rigorous quality monitoring program.
Blue Buffalo is a well-known brand that uses only natural ingredients and tailored formulas for different stages of your pet’s life. They collaborate with veterinarians and animal nutritionists when developing their products, which come in a variety of sizes and age specific versions that are suitable for dogs of all ages, including puppies and senior dogs alike.
Blue Buffalo’s meals are made with real meat as the primary ingredient and do not use artificial flavors or preservatives, corn, wheat or chicken by-product meals within their recipe. Instead, they use an exact blend of antioxidants and vitamins formulated from holistic vets, animal nutritionists and holistic vets for the greatest nutritional value.
For instance, BLUE’s Life Safety Formula(r) Food for dogs contains DHA and ARA which are essential fatty acids that are found in mother’s milk – to aid in the development of the brain and improve retina health. Plus, it has chelated minerals for easy absorption.
Another beneficial ingredient in this food is barley which is high-quality fiber as well as antioxidants. It’s also a good source of complex carbohydrates that can aid in balancing your pet’s diet.
It’s also a great supply of Omega 3 and 6 fats which are essential for healthy skin and coats. Research has found that these nutrients are linked to a myriad of health benefits, such as aiding in the prevention of heart disease and cancer.
Additionally, this recipe comes with the highest amount of antioxidants to combat free radicals, and improve your dog’s immunity. In addition, its low-calorie formulation helps you manage your pup’s weight more easily.
Before you switch your pet’s food habits towards Blue Buffalo, be sure to first consult with your veterinarian as some dogs may take longer than others to adapt to the new food. We suggest gradually changing your pup’s meals over a period of time to ensure maximum satisfaction.
This food is ideal for pets who are overweight as it has a low calorie formula that can help manage your dog’s weight. It also contains top quality protein and vital amino acids to create strong muscle. In addition, antioxidants included in this food help to maintain the immune system to be healthy as well as promote the health of your coat and skin. In addition, the protein profile is comprised of taurine – an amino acid that can strengthen heart muscle.
IAMS is an incredibly well-known company that offers high-quality dry food to dogs of all breeds, sizes, and the stages of life. The formulas they use are designed for the specific nutritional needs of dogs with different food preferences and ailments.
They offer a comprehensive health line, featuring foods specifically designed to address issues that may impact your dog. They may also include recipes that promote weight management, hairball control and urinary tract health.
IAMS offers a selection of dry dog foods as well as wet formulations in pouch or canned form which are easy for pet parents to prepare and store. The recipes are available with a variety of flavors to satisfy your pup’s individual requirements.
A diet that is low in fat and high in protein is one of the best methods to ensure your dog is happy and healthy. Iams provides a variety of recipes with high protein content that can help ward off diseases while increasing energy levels in your pup.
This recipe utilizes real chicken as the main protein source, and also includes chicken meal and beef fat for additional nutritional benefit. Additionally, it includes canola meal and the cassava root to keep the carbohydrate consumption low.
The owners of dogs who wish to eliminate wheat and corn for their pets should consider this product. However, the other ingredients aren’t particularly impressive as well – this formulation contains artificial colors and animal byproducts as well.
Iams was accused of animal cruelty in the past by PETA (People Concerned about the Humane Treatment of Animals), but has since made changes to its practices for testing animals. They have also implemented a Quality Assurance program for their suppliers that requires numerous audits.
In the end, Iams dog food is an excellent choice for those looking for high-end and affordable alternatives. Its high protein content is a significant benefit and Iams has built a great reputation in the field of customer service.
Iams is around for decades and is a reliable brand that produces cheap pet food that is priced with a reasonable price. Additionally, the company has an internal quality assurance program that ensures that all products have the highest standards that is possible. Furthermore, there are many varieties of kibble that are suitable for different dimensions and stages of life that are available at Iams.
Pedigree’s pet food is one of some of the top-rated brands in the market because of its competitive prices and comprehensive nutrition content. Not only does it contain all the essential ingredients a dog needs to maintain optimal health, but Pedigree also has some impressive testimonials from customers who are satisfied.
Pedigree has been around for more than 60 years and offers a variety of meat products available. Certain products are made using premium meats while others are grain-free.
PEDIGREE dry food kibble is designed to provide your dog with the essential nutrients for healthy living, and is filled with antioxidants that provide immunity aid. It also boasts an abundance of omega-6 fatty acids to provide nourishment to coats and skin.
However, certain Pedigree’s dry kibbles may contain the highest levels of corn gluten that could be harmful for your pet. It is a risk to cause skin irritations and allergic reactions, so it’s essential to read the label prior to purchasing.
Dry kibbles from Pedigree have a significant amount of sodium selenite. It is an selenium that is not chelated, which could be difficult for your pet to absorb. In addition, some minerals found that are present in Pedigree dry kibbles appear not to have been chelated, making them harder for your pup to take in and digest.
In addition, some Pedigree wet kibbles are laced with lots of animal fat which may be difficult for your pup to take in. This fat is typically stored by BHA an ingredient that which many pet owners are trying to avoid.
Finally, some Pedigree wet food formulations could contain small metal pieces. Although this was a concern for some in 2014 it did not cause any dog-related injuries or illnesses.
Pedigree offers a broad selection of dog foods to choose from, including wet and dry options. Their website also offers an efficient tool for the process of determining your dog’s nutritional requirements much easier. Simply create a profile and receive suggestions via email.

domain: pet