text:
|Year : 2023 | Volume
| Issue : 1 | Page : 44
Comparison of the success of inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia in the mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis using two anesthetic solutions of prilocaine and mepivacaine: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Mahsa Eskandarinezhad1, Negin Ghasemi1, Parisa Rostami2, Amir Ardalan Abdollahi3
1 Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
3 Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
|Date of Submission||05-Nov-2021|
|Date of Acceptance||25-Jun-2022|
|Date of Web Publication||28-Mar-2023|
Dr. Parisa Rostami
Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
Background: This study aimed to compare the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) anesthesia in the mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis using two anesthetic solutions of prilocaine and mepivacaine.
Materials and Methods: The current randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 100 patients in two groups (n = 50). Standard injection of IAN block (IANB) was performed using two cartridges of 3% mepivacaine plain in the first group and using two cartridges of 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU felypressin in the second group. Fifteen minutes after injection, the patients were asked about lip anesthesia. In case of a positive answer, the tooth was isolated with a rubber dam. Success was defined as no or mild pain on the basis of the visual analog scale recording upon access cavity preparation, entry into the pulp chamber, and initial instrumentation. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17 using the Chi-square test, and P < 0.05 was set as statistically significant.
Results: The patients' pain severities during the three stages were significantly different (P = 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.001, respectively). The success rate of IANB during access cavity preparation was 88% with prilocaine and 68% with mepivacaine. This rate during entry into the pulp chamber was 78% and 24%, respectively, which was 3.25 times higher with prilocaine than mepivacaine. The success rates during instrumentation were 32% and 10%, respectively, which was 3.2 times higher with prilocaine than mepivacaine.
Conclusion: The success rate of IANB in the teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis was higher using 3% prilocaine with felypressin than using 3% mepivacaine.
Keywords: Anesthesia, inferior alveolar nerve, mepivacaine, prilocaine
|How to cite this article:|
Eskandarinezhad M, Ghasemi N, Rostami P, Abdollahi AA. Comparison of the success of inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia in the mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis using two anesthetic solutions of prilocaine and mepivacaine: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Dent Res J 2023;20:44
|How to cite this URL:|
Eskandarinezhad M, Ghasemi N, Rostami P, Abdollahi AA. Comparison of the success of inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia in the mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis using two anesthetic solutions of prilocaine and mepivacaine: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Dent Res J [serial online] 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 4];20:44. Available from: https://www.drjjournal.net/text.asp?2023/20/1/44/372661
| Introduction|| |
Root canal treatment of the teeth affected by irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis is more painful than treating teeth with necrotized pulp or asymptomatic apical periodontitis. The pain in teeth with irreversible pulpitis is due to acute inflammation of the pulp, and since pulp cannot expand, this inflammation increases intrapulpal pressure. In such cases, if sufficient pulp anesthesia is not established, the patients experience pain, especially during the preparation of the access cavity or during instrumentation procedure. The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most common anesthetic technique used for mandibular posterior teeth during root canal treatment. Few studies have shown that the IANB cannot establish successful pulp anesthesia,, and the range of this failure is from 7% to 77%.,, Some other studies also have estimated this failure to range from 30% to 80% in the teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.,, Supplementary techniques, such as buccal infiltration, injection into the periodontal ligament (PDL), intraosseous injection, intrapulpal injection, and prescription of medications before the procedure (premedication), are recommended to increase the success rates of anesthesia for the treatment of mandibular teeth. However, if the IANB could serve as a more effective primary anesthesia, it would be beneficial. The most common anesthetic solution used in dentistry is lidocaine, which can be considered the “gold standard” to compare other anesthetic medications. Vasoconstrictor-added anesthetic medications have numerous benefits, such as increase in time and depth of anesthesia, and can be used for most of the patients undergoing dental treatments. However, using them is contraindicated in some patients with systemic problems, such as unstable angina, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. Adrenaline in these patients might cause acute hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, or myocardial infarction.,, Therefore, knowledge about medications that can be prescribed in these patients is of utmost importance. In addition, concerns about the possibility of a dose-dependent allergic reaction to sulfite antioxidants in local anesthetics containing vasoconstrictors have been reported in some studies, especially when high doses of antioxidants are used in asthmatic patients and patients with a history of allergy. Anesthetics without vasoconstrictor, such as 3% mepivacaine plain, do not contain antioxidants and can be used without concern in the patients mentioned above., Prilocaine anesthetic solution also has less toxicity and achieves vasodilation than most amides, and both types (plain or with vasoconstrictor) provide adequate anesthesia for dental procedures that require moderate anesthesia (30 min). Mepivacaine and prilocaine belong to amide anesthetic medications, which can be used in patients with systemic problems, in which vasoconstrictors are contraindicated.,,,, Few studies have compared the success rate of these two anesthetic medications. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the success rate of the IANB in the mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis using 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU felypressin and 3% mepivacaine plain.
| Materials and Methods|| |
The method of this randomized clinical trial study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (IR.TBZMED.REC.1398.1159), and the Iranian Center for Clinical Trials (IRCT20200607047680N1).
The sample size calculation, which was based on a type I error of 0.05 (α = 0.05) and a power of 0.8 (β = 80%), indicated that ideally, a sample size of 50 in each group would be required to detect a 20% difference in the success rate of the test groups. To increase the validity of the study, we considered 112 subjects (56 samples in each group).
Patients who were referred to the Endodontic Department of Tabriz Dental School with the following inclusion criteria were selected:
- Aged 18–65 years
- Lack of allergy to anesthetic agents
- Not consuming any analgesic medications for 6 h before treatment
- Not consuming any medication interacting with anesthetic agents
- Lack of pathosis in the regions considered for injection
- Lack of a history of trauma
- Lack of a pathologic pocket during probing.
Patients with the following conditions were excluded:
- Patients with no response to the cold test
- Teeth with periradicular lesion (excessive PDL widening)
- Teeth with nonvital coronal pulp during the preparation of the access cavity (partial necrosis).
To qualify for the study, patients presented with a permanent mandibular first molar with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and fully formed roots (confirmed by periapical radiography), exhibiting severe and persistent pain in response to cold testing with Endo-Ice (1, 1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane; Hygenic Corp, Akron, OH, USA). In addition, the periapical area of the concerned tooth in the radiograph was normal. One hundred and twenty patients were assessed for eligibility; eight patients refused to participate, while 112 patients received allocated intervention [Figure 1].
After obtaining signed voluntary informed consent for enrolment in the study, the process was fully explained to each patient, and the necessary consultation and guidance were provided during and after treatment. In the case of illiterate patients, the consent form was read out to them, and left hand thumb impression was obtained. Patients with mental disabilities were not included in the study.
For the purpose of blinding, the anesthetic agent cartridges were covered with a white tape by another person, and the operators who injected the anesthetic agent and recorded pain scores during the treatment were blinded to the groups.
The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 entailed the standard IANB with a conventional syringe (Dental Device, Pakistan) and a 27-gauge 3.6-cm needle (Ava, Tehran, Iran). Two cartridges of 3% mepivacaine (Exir Co, Tehran, Iran) were injected 1 min apart after determining the target point of the injection and performing aspiration. Group 2 entailed the standard IANB with a conventional syringe and a 27-gauge 3.6-cm needle. Two cartridges of 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU felypressin (Exir Co., Tehran, Iran) were injected 1 min apart after determining the target point of the injection and performing aspiration.
Fifteen minutes after the injection, the patients were asked about lip numbness. In case of a negative response, the participant was excluded from the study, and in case of a positive response, first, the tooth was assessed by cold and electric pulp tests (EPT; PT-20, Parkell), and in case of no response to these tests, it was isolated by a rubber dam (Sanctuary Co., Malaysia) and the access cavity was prepared. The patient was asked to raise his/her hand if there was pain during access cavity preparation and intracanal instrumentation and to record his/her pain on visual analog scale (VAS).
For all of the included patients, diagnosis and injection were performed by the same operator; however, another operator created the access cavity and recorded the pain. The pain evaluation scale used was the VAS with a line length of 170 mm, and according to the location of the patient's markup, the pain was classified as follows: 0, no pain; 1–54 mm, mild pain; 55–112 mm, moderate pain; and 114–170 mm, severe pain. Successful anesthesia was defined as painless (0) and mild pain (54 mm) according to the VAS criteria.
The data of the two groups were reported as A and B codes for statistical analyses. Therefore, the statistician was blinded to the type of anesthetic agent used. The findings of the study were reported using descriptive statistical methods (mean ± standard deviation). Chi-square test was used to compare pain severity between the two groups. SPSS 17 (SPSS version 20.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
| Results|| |
One hundred and twelve patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular first molars participated in this research; 56 patients underwent anesthesia with mepivacaine and 56 with prilocaine. Eleven patients did not feel the lip numbness and were excluded from the study, and one patient was excluded because of file separation during instrumentation.
Finally, 100 patients were selected for success analysis (50 samples in each group).
Means and standard deviations of the patients' age were 32.33 ± 8.78 years (minimum: 15 and maximum: 49).
[Table 1] shows the frequency distributions of pain severity reported by patients during access cavity preparation, entry into the pulp chamber, and instrumentation.
|Table 1: The frequency distributions of pain severity during access cavity preparation, upon entry into the pulp chamber, and instrumentation (%)|
Click here to view
[Figure 2] shows distribution of pain severity during access cavity preparation in terms of the anesthetic agent type. According to the Chi-square test results, the two groups exhibited significant differences in pain severity during access cavity preparation, and Group 2 (3% prilocaine) showed significant lower pain severities than Group 1 (3% mepivacaine) (P = 0.001).
|Figure 2: Pain severity of patients during access cavity preparation in terms of the anesthetic agent type.|
Click here to view
[Figure 3] shows the distribution of pain severity of patients upon entry into pulp chamber in terms of the anesthetic agent type. Chi-square test showed significant differences between the two study groups in pain severity upon entry into the pulp chamber, and Group 2 (3% prilocaine) exhibited significant lower pain severities than Group 1 (3% mepivacaine) (P = 0.0001).
|Figure 3: Pain severities of patients upon entry into pulp chamber in terms of the type of anesthetic agent.|
Click here to view
[Figure 4] presents pain severities of patients during instrumentation in terms of the anesthetic agent type. Chi-square test showed significant differences between the two groups in pain severity during instrumentation, and Group 2 (3% prilocaine) exhibited significant lower pain severities than Group 1 (3% mepivacaine) (P = 0.001).
|Figure 4: Pain severities of patients during instrumentation in terms of the anesthetic agent type.|
Click here to view
The success rates of the IANB with 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU felypressin and 3% mepivacaine plain during access cavity preparation were 88% and 68%, respectively, indicating a 1.3-time higher success rate with prilocaine. These rates upon entry into the pulp chamber were 78% and 24%, respectively, indicating that the success rate of prilocaine was 3.25 times higher than that of mepivacaine. In addition, the success rates during instrumentation with prilocaine and mepivacaine were 32% and 10%, respectively, indicating a 3.2-time higher success rate with prilocaine.
| Discussion|| |
The effectiveness of local anesthesia during dental procedures affects patient satisfaction directly. The IANB is not always successful in establishing pulpal anesthesia of the mandibular posterior teeth. Therefore, various clinical trials have presented approaches to resolve the shortcomings of this technique in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. One of these approaches is using different anesthetic medications.
Numerous studies have compared the success rate of various local anesthetic solutions with lidocaine as the standard medication., A systematic review and meta-analysis by Larocca de Geus et al. showed the highest odds of success with articaine (73%) and the lowest with lidocaine (12%) for the IANB. In this study, the success rates of anesthesia with prilocaine was 57%, 55% for mepivacaine and 53% for bupivacaine. In a systematic review and meta-analysis by Nagendrababu et al., anesthesia with 2% mepivacaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was significantly higher in the IANB compared to lidocaine. Accordingly, the highest rate of success was for mepivacaine, followed by 3% prilocaine with felypressin and 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine. Other anesthetic medications are available, such as articaine, prilocaine, and mepivacaine, which have been compared in some studies. For example, some clinical studies reported no significant difference in patients with irreversible pulpitis between 3% mepivacaine and/or 4% articaine containing 1:100,000 epinephrine compared to 2% lidocaine for the IANB.
In addition to the challenge of increasing the success rate of the IANB through changing the anesthetic agent and the necessity of comparing different medications with lidocaine, in some patients with a contraindication to use vasoconstrictors, anesthetic medications without vasoconstrictors must be prescribed. A study by Gazal concluded that prilocaine with felypressin is a proper choice for patients with contraindications to the prescription of lidocaine with epinephrine. Su et al. recommended 3% mepivacaine for patients with cardiac problems since this medication leads to more rapid anesthesia and a milder increase in heart rate than 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Ezmek et al. reported that lidocaine, prilocaine, and mepivacaine without vasoconstrictors could be used safely in patients with hypertension.
Selecting an effective medication to achieve better and deeper anesthesia during endodontic treatments is of most importance in patients with contraindications for vasoconstrictors.
Since 3% mepivacaine and prilocaine-felypressin are prescribed in these patients,,,,, this study aimed to compare the success rate of the IANB in the mandibular first molars with irreversible symptomatic pulpitis using prilocaine and mepivacaine.
Determining the success rate of anesthesia is challenging. The anesthesia of the IAN is usually confirmed by asking the patient about lip numbness, probing the gingiva around mandibular teeth, and initiating treatment and waiting for the patient's response. Lip anesthesia does not guarantee sufficient pulp anesthesia. Several studies assessed the success rate of anesthesia by applying three tests, including lip anesthesia, lack of response to the cold test or EPT, and the absence of pain during access cavity preparation. This three-step protocol of lip anesthesia, cold test and EPT, and lack of pain or mild pain reported by the VAS scale was used during preparation of access cavity, entry into the pulp chamber, and instrumentation to assess the success rate of anesthesia more precisely.
In patients with irreversible pulpitis, an increase in the volume of anesthetic agent enhanced the success rate of the IANB. In the current study, similar to previous studies, two cartridges of the anesthetic agents were injected.
The current study showed that the type of anesthetic agents (mepivacaine and prilocaine) significantly affected patients' pain severity during access cavity preparation, upon entry into the pulp chamber, and instrumentation; the success rate of the IANB was higher with prilocaine than mepivacaine. Since prilocaine has lower vasodilatory effects compared to other amides, it exhibits better effects such as longer duration and deeper anesthesia.,, Besides, 3% prilocaine was used in the current study along with felypressin, a type of vasoconstrictor. However, this substance restricts venous blood flow; therefore, it has lower vasoconstriction properties than adrenaline.
Currently, a limited number of studies are available on the success rate of mepivacaine and prilocaine. A meta-analysis by Nagendrababu et al. showed no significant difference in the success rates of 3% prilocaine/felypressin and 2% mepivacaine/epinephrine. In a meta-analysis by Larocca de Geus et al., the odds of success with prilocaine (55%) were a little higher than those with mepivacaine (53%). A study by McLean et al. on three anesthetic solutions, 4% prilocaine, 3% mepivacaine, and 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for the IANB, showed no significant difference between the three anesthetic agents in success or failure rates. Hinkley et al. compared three anesthetic agents: prilocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, 2% mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrine, and 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and reported a lack of significant difference in the success or failure of anesthesia, slow initiation of anesthesia, and short anesthesia between the three solutions. This discrepancy between the above studies and the current study can be attributed to differences in the concentrations of the solutions and use or no use of vasoconstrictors and different manufacturers. Furthermore, different sample sizes and assessment method of the IANB's success rate can be considered the other reasons of the difference in the results of the present study and other studies.
Assessment method of the IANB can also affect the assessment of success rate; in the two studies by Hinkley et al. and McLean et al., EPT was used to assess pain and success after injection,, while in the current study, we used the three-step protocol of lip numbness, a lack of response to the cold test and EPT, and pain assessment using VAS during access cavity preparation, upon entry into the pulp chamber, and instrumentation. Direct access to the pulp chamber and instrumentation gives rise to a more painful feeling compared to EPT or cold test, resulting in a significant difference in measuring pain severity. Therefore, further studies are necessary to use more than one method for more precise comparisons.
One of the limitations of the study was the lack of standard method for evaluating the success of IANB. In addition, the difference among the patients, the severity and extent of tissue inflammation, and the patients' dental history could lead to the failure of local anesthesia. Therefore, to provide successful anesthesia, the clinician should consider correct anesthesia technique and other relating factors in addition to proper anesthetic agent.
Similar to this study, some studies have been compared the efficacy of 3% prilocaine and 3% mepivacaine before., However, the present study was the first to report the significance of prilocaine to mepivacaine, and previous studies have been stated no significant difference between them according to the success of IANB. According to the present study and considering the importance of prescribing drugs without epinephrine in patients with systemic problems and the interaction of epinephrine with drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants, nonselective beta-blockers, and cocaine, it seems that the use of 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU of felypressin can be a good choice in these cases. On the other hand, lidocaine and prilocaine are classified as Group B drugs in pregnant patients, and drugs such as bupivacaine, articaine, and mepivacaine are classified as Group C. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, prilocaine anesthesia can be used in these patients. The number of patients with the above problems is high in the dental office; therefore, dentists should be familiar with all the aspects of specific management protocols in these patients. Meanwhile, anesthesia stress might increase the level of internal catecholamines up to 40 times higher than the resting state in these patients. Therefore, studies, such as the present study and other similar ones, in this regard, can be helpful.
| Conclusion|| |
The success rate of the IANB in the teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU felypressin was higher than 3% mepivacaine plain.
Since it is essential to prescribe a good anesthetic medication during dental procedures in patients with systemic problems, as a stress-decreasing protocol, and to prevent the incidence of acute crises in patients, it seems that prescribing prilocaine would be better than mepivacaine.
Use of 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU felypressin could be a good choice for successful IANB in patients with systemic problems.
The authors thank the Research Vice Chancellor and Dental and Periodontal Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
Financial support and sponsorship
This article is funded Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Conflicts of interest
The authors of this manuscript declare that they have no conflicts of interest, real or perceived, financial or nonfinancial in this article.
| References|| |
Nagendrababu V, Pulikkotil SJ, Suresh A, Veettil SK, Bhatia S, Setzer FC. Efficacy of local anaesthetic solutions on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int Endod J 2019;52:779-89.
Visconti RP, Tortamano IP, Buscariolo IA. Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy of mepivacaine and lidocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Endod 2016;42:1314-9.
Piattelli A, Traini T. Diagnosis and managing pulpitis: Reversible or irreversible? Pract Proced Aesthet Dent 2007;19:254-6.
Aggarwal V, Jain A, Kabi D. Anesthetic efficacy of supplemental buccal and lingual infiltrations of articaine and lidocaine after an inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2009;35:925-9.
Nusstein J, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 1998;24:487-91.
Reisman D, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:676-82.
Tortamano IP, Siviero M, Costa CG, Buscariolo IA, Armonia PL. A comparison of the anesthetic efficacy of articaine and lidocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2009;35:165-8.
Mikesell P, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. A comparison of articaine and lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. J Endod 2005;31:265-70.
Potocnik I, Bajrović F. Failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in endodontics. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999;15:247-51.
Palti DG, Almeida CM, Rodrigues Ade C, Andreo JC, Lima JE. Anesthetic technique for inferior alveolar nerve block: A new approach. J Appl Oral Sci 2011;19:11-5.
Nusstein JM, Reader A, Drum M. Local anesthesia strategies for the patient with a “hot” tooth. Dent Clin North Am 2010;54:237-47.
Monteiro MR, Groppo FC, Haiter-Neto F, Volpato MC, Almeida JF. 4% articaine buccal infiltration versus 2% lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block for emergency root canal treatment in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpits: A randomized clinical study. Int Endod J 2015;48:145-52.
Kim S. Ligamental injection: A physiological explanation of its efficacy. J Endod 1986;12:486-91.
Nusstein J, Kennedy S, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental X-tip intraosseous injection in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2003;29:724-8.
Pulikkotil SJ, Nagendrababu V, Veettil SK, Jinatongthai P, Setzer FC. Effect of oral premedication on the anaesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis – A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Endod J 2018;51:989-1004.
Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 6th
ed. St.Louis, Missouri, USA: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2004. p. 126-9.
Hashemi SH, Ladez SR, Moghadam SA. Comparative assessment of the effects of three local anesthetics: Lidocaine, prilocaine, and mepivacaine on blood pressure changes in patients with controlled hypertension. Glob J Health Sci 2016;8:54157.
Ezmek B, Arslan A, Delilbasi C, Sencift K. Comparison of hemodynamic effects of lidocaine, prilocaine and mepivacaine solutions without vasoconstrictor in hypertensive patients. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18:354-9.
Little JW, Falace D, Miller C, Rhodus NL. Dental Management of the Compromised Patient-E-Book. 9th
ed. St.Louis, Missouri, USA: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017. p. 220-5.
Shafaifard S, Khan RH. The use of lidocaine and prilocaine in dental surgery. A Review. Arch Anesthesiol Crit Care 2016;2:197-9.
Finder RL, Moore PA. Adverse drug reactions to local anesthesia. Dent Clin North Am 2002;46:747-57.
Campbell JR, Maestrello CL, Campbell RL. Allergic response to metabisulfite in lidocaine anesthetic solution. Anesth Prog 2001;48:21-6.
Shi SW, Jiao J, Zhang L, Lu RF, Meng HX, Cao ZQ, et al.
Influence of local anesthesia on the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020;133:1908-14.
Budenz AW. Selection factors for local anesthetic agents. J Calif Dent Assoc 2008;36:735-8.
Hawkins JM, Moore PA. Local anesthesia: Advances in agents and techniques. Dent Clin North Am 2002;46:719-32, ix.
Kreimer T, Kiser R 2nd
, Reader A, Nusstein J, Drum M, Beck M. Anesthetic efficacy of combinations of 0.5 mol/L mannitol and lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2012;38:598-603.
Nusstein J, Claffey E, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic effectiveness of the supplemental intraligamentary injection, administered with a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system, in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2005;31:354-8.
Vieira WA, Paranhos LR, Cericato GO, Franco A, Ribeiro MA. Is mepivacaine as effective as lidocaine during inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2018;51:1104-17.
Sampaio RM, Carnaval TG, Lanfredi CB, Horliana AC, Rocha RG, Tortamano IP. Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy between bupivacaine and lidocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molar. J Endod 2012;38:594-7.
Larocca de Geus J, Nogueira da Costa JK, Wambier LM, Maran BM, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Different anesthetics on the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis: A network systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2020;151:87-97.e4.
Cohen HP, Cha BY, Spångberg LS. Endodontic anesthesia in mandibular molars: A clinical study. J Endod 1993;19:370-3.
Claffey E, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of articaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2004;30:568-71.
Gazal G. Is prilocaine safe and potent enough for use in the oral surgery of medically compromised patients. Saudi Med J 2019;40:97-100.
Su N, Liu Y, Yang X, Shi Z, Huang Y. Efficacy and safety of mepivacaine compared with lidocaine in local anaesthesia in dentistry: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int Dent J 2014;64:96-107.
Karm MH, Kim M, Park FD, Seo KS, Kim HJ. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and hemostatic effect of 2% lidocaine with various concentrations of epinephrine. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2018;18:143-9.
McLean C, Reader A, Beck M, Meryers WJ. An evaluation of 4% prilocaine and 3% mepivacaine compared with 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) for inferior alveolar nerve block. J Endod 1993;19:146-50.
Parirokh M, Ashouri R, Rekabi AR, Nakhaee N, Pardakhti A, Askarifard S, et al.
The effect of premedication with ibuprofen and indomethacin on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2010;36:1450-4.
Allegretti CE, Sampaio RM, Horliana AC, Armonia PL, Rocha RG, Tortamano IP. Anesthetic efficacy in irreversible pulpitis: A randomized clinical trial. Braz Dent J 2016;27:381-6.
Abu-Mostafa N, Aldawssary A, Assari A, Alnujaidy S, Almutlaq A. A prospective randomized clinical trial compared the effect of various types of local anesthetics cartridges on hypertensive patients during dental extraction. J Clin Exp Dent 2015;7:e84-8.
Karm MH, Kim M, Park FD, Seo KS, Kim HJ. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and hemostatic effect of 2% lidocaine with various concentrations of epinephrine. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2018;18:143-9.
Hinkley SA, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers WJ. An evaluation of 4% prilocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 2% mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrin compared with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve block. Anesth Prog 1991;38:84-9.
Chavarría-Bolaños D, Rodríguez-Wong L, Noguera-González D, Esparza-Villalpando V, Montero-Aguilar M, Pozos-Guillén A. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy of three diagnostic tests to predict inferior alveolar nerve blockade failure in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Pain Res Manag 2017;2017:3108940.
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]


text:
It’s been an incredible weekend for the Jacuzzi Team in Beaver Creek.
As you can see our tent was a popular place to hang out at the FIS Alpine World Cup Tour event 🙂 !
A special thank you to our on-scene reporter, Jet the Duck!
Wellness / 07 January 2022
Performance / 05 August 2021

domain: sports


text:
Frasers Hospitality, a division of Frasers Centrepoint Limited, is on track to double its operating properties in China with the grand opening of Modena by Fraser Changsha today.
Strategically located in the vibrant capital of Hunan Province, the 354-unit Modena by Fraser Changsha was one of 14 properties slated to open over the next four years to meet rising demands for inbound and outbound travel in the country. The opening of new properties in the pipeline will deepen Frasers Hospitality's presence in the fast-growing cities of Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Nanjing, Chengdu and Wuhan, while extending the group's footprint to new cities such as Dalian, Nanchang and Hefei.
"China is our fastest growing market and we are excited to double our inventory in the world's second largest economy1 to 25 operating properties across 15 cities by 2021. The upcoming openings across tier 1 and tier 2 cities in China reinforces Frasers Hospitality's confidence in the country's long-term growth potential. The international and domestic travel markets are expected to expand on the back of China's robust economic growth and rising incomes. To accelerate our growth momentum in the long run, we will also be strategically targeting second-tier cities such as Dalian, Nanchang and Hefei that are emerging as important centres for business and tourism," said Mr Choe Peng Sum, Chief Executive Officer of Frasers Hospitality Pte Ltd.
China's economic advancement is likely to continue at an expected average rate of 6.4 per cent between 2017 and 20211. China's economic progression has also given rise to a large middle class population with higher income levels. According to the World Bank, per capita GDP in China has risen from US$959.4 in 2000 to US$8123.2 in 20162. With rising income levels, Chinese travellers have become one of the biggest global spenders in the tourism sector, led especially by the millennials.
In a recent bespoke study commissioned by Frasers Hospitality to better understand the mindset of Chinese millennial travellers, 93 per cent of millennials were found to demand innovation in products as well as experiences. According to this market research, they are also most likely to embrace technology and learn about new products quickly, and have strong spending power. To cater to the growing travel demand of this segment, the launch of Modena by Fraser Changsha was preceded by Capri by Fraser, Shenzhen, a brand targeted specifically at millennial travellers which began operations in July 2017.
"As China's leading serviced apartment brand3, we will continue to leverage on cutting-edge technology to deliver personalised, differentiated and memorable travel experiences tailored to the needs of Chinese travellers. Our market research identified smart hotel services as the main factor that influences booking decisions among China's 400 million millennials. To enhance our engagement with tech-savvy guests across both online and offline touchpoints, we have integrated various initiatives such as e-Concierge services and specially curated e-travel guides into the Capri by Fraser experience. In addition, we recently refreshed the Modena by Fraser brand with an emphasis on simplicity, sustainability and holistic wellness for guests seeking a private sanctuary. Strengthening our brand offerings in China will also support the expansion of our brands globally by attracting Chinese travellers to our award-winning brands during their outbound travels," Mr Choe added.
Currently, Frasers Hospitality's portfolio in China includes properties across established and emerging cities, with serviced residences located in Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Wuxi and Wuhan.
Frasers Hospitality's global portfolio, including those in the pipeline, stands at 148 properties4 in more than 80 cities with over 23,600 keys.
1 IMF - China's Economic Outlook in Six Charts, 15 August 2017, accessible here: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2017/08/09/NA081517-China-Economic-Outlook-in-Six-Charts
2 World Bank - GDP per capita (current US$), accessible here: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?end=2016&name_desc=false&start=2000
3 Frasers Hospitality was named China's Leading Serviced Apartment Brand from 2013 to 2017 by World Travel Awards
4 Including properties under management contracts
About Frasers Property Limited
Frasers Property Limited ("Frasers Property" and together with its subsidiaries, the "Frasers Property Group" or the "Group"), is a multi-national owner-operator-developer of real estate products and services across the property value chain. Listed on the Main Board of the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited ("SGX-ST") and headquartered in Singapore, the Group has total assets of approximately S$38.7 billion as at 31 March 2020. Frasers Property's multi-national businesses operate across five asset classes, namely, residential, retail, commercial & business parks, industrial & logistics as well as hospitality. The Group has businesses in Southeast Asia, Australia, Europe and China, and its well-established hospitality business owns and/or operates serviced apartments and hotels in over 70 cities across Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Frasers Property is also the sponsor of two real estate investment trusts ("REITs") and one stapled trust listed on the SGX-ST. Frasers Centrepoint Trust and Frasers Logistics & Commercial Trust are focused on retail, and industrial & commercial properties respectively. Frasers Hospitality Trust (comprising Frasers Hospitality Real Estate Investment Trust and Frasers Hospitality Business Trust) is a stapled trust focused on hospitality properties. In addition, the Group has two REITs listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Frasers Property (Thailand) Public Company Limited is the sponsor of Frasers Property Thailand Industrial Freehold & Leasehold REIT, which is focused on industrial & logistics properties in Thailand, and Golden Land Property Development Public Company Limited is the sponsor of Golden Ventures Leasehold Real Estate Investment Trust, which is focused on commercial properties. The Group is unified by its commitment to deliver enriching and memorable experiences to customers and stakeholders, leveraging its people, knowledge and capabilities from across markets to deliver value in its multiple asset classes For more information on Frasers Property, please visit frasersproperty.com.
About Frasers Hospitality
Frasers Hospitality, a member of Frasers Property Group, celebrates 22 years of offering memorable experiences to guests through its Gold-Standard serviced, hotel residences and boutique lifestyle hotels across Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Growing from two properties in Singapore to more than 140 properties in over 70 cities, Frasers Hospitality is now one of the world's largest and fastest-growing providers of serviced and hotel residences. Conceived with the lifestyle preferences of today's discerning business and leisure travellers in mind, the global hospitality operator has three Gold-Standard serviced residences offerings - Fraser Suites, Fraser Place and Fraser Residence, a modern and eco-lifestyle brand, Modena by Fraser, and a design-led hotel residence brand, Capri by Fraser. In addition, it operates two brands of upscale boutique lifestyle hotels in the key cities of UK, Malmaison and Hotel du Vin. With a remarkable list of accolades and awards as recognition of its success, Frasers Hospitality remains committed to anticipating the evolving needs of executive travelers and exceeding expectations with continuous innovation and intuitive service, creating a second home for guests where staff feel like family and residents feel like community. For more information on Frasers Hospitality, please visit frasershospitality.com.

domain: geography


- Subscribe NowLimited Time Offer
Kentucky issues RFP for amusement park operator at former Kentucky Kingdom site
Send this story to a friend
The Kentucky Finance and Administration Cabinet has issued a request for proposals on behalf of the Kentucky State Fair Board, seeking an amusement park operator to manage the former Kentucky Kingdom property at the Kentucky Exposition Center.
According to the RFP, which is posted on the state’s vendor Web site, proposals must be submitted by 4 p.m. on Friday, Oct. 19.
The former Kentucky Kingdom amusement park closed in 2009, and previous park operator, Six Flags Inc., abandoned its lease of the park in February 2010 as it reorganized under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.
Since that time, two plans for redeveloping the park have fallen through.
One potential operator, Kentucky Kingdom Redevelopment Co., led by former Kentucky Kingdom owner Ed Hart, could not come to terms for a deal with the fair board.
Business First reported last month that Kentucky Kingdom Redevelopment is expected to respond to the RFP issued this week.
The second unsuccessful plan called for reopening the park as Bluegrass Boardwalk. Those plans were dropped by members of the Koch family, owners of the Holiday World and Splashin’ Safari amusement park in Santa Claus, Ind.
Beshear said in August that he hopes the RFP process will go quickly so potential operators can be identified and officials can determine if the best use of the property is to reopen the amusement park.
The RFP says respondents will be judged on these criteria: financial terms, patron experience and concessions/food offerings.
Ed Green covers economic development, commercial real estate, government, education and sports business.
If you are commenting using a Facebook account, your profile information may be displayed with your comment depending on your privacy settings. By leaving the 'Post to Facebook' box selected, your comment will be published to your Facebook profile in addition to the space below.
- Most popular
- White Castle in Louisville scheduled for demolition
- Churchill Downs names new CEO
- New Albany mayor, business owner talk about city’s growth
- Hilliard Lyons expands trust operations
- Work on U of L research building could begin this year
- Exec: My company is being 'kicked to the curb' by River Ridge
- Oxmoor Center announces flurry of new stores
- New sports bar aiming to open in time for U of L’s first football game
- What can Louisville learn from Baltimore?
- Wendy’s at Fourth Street Live closes; new tenant expected soon
Bakery-Cafe Delivery Driver Opportunities - Join us at Panera Bread Louisville! * Panera Bread | Louisville, KY
ASSISTANT MANAGER Dollar Tree Stores | Louisville, KY
PTs, OTs, SLPs, PTAs, COTAs and Directors Wanted! Ensign Therapy | Louisville, KY
Certified Nursing Assistant Presbyterian Homes and Services of Kentucky | Louisville, KY
Emerging Market Community Lending Loan Officer - Louisville PNC | Louisville, KY


text:
My name is Tiffany and I am the owner/creator of OMGthatBOW. I want to write this first blog to introduce myself, my family, and my shop.
I grew up and currently live in sunny California.
I am a very proud Mother of three BEAUTIFUL babies.
My first baby is Emma Elizabeth who is 6 years old. She's outgoing, loves to laugh, and just have fun.
Then there's Aiden Jacob who will be 5 in a few days. He's my shy, snugly, little lover boy.
My first two are 15 months apart and are best friends.
Emma just started 1st grade and Aiden started Kindergarten. I'm so proud of them both, they really are great kids!
My third baby is Gwenyth Olivia.
She is 11 months old and such a joy to us all. I couldn't have asked for a more perfect baby. She's always happy and studies everything and everyone. She will probably be the last "baby" and is growing up WAY too fast as they all do. We all have so much fun with her and just love her to pieces!
I am married to my best friend (Jake) and have been for seven years now.
He's an amazingly smart man. He's an app developer for Apple and has worked in the family business for over 10 years. Our favorite time spent is with family and friends just being together. We view ourselves as being a very blessed family.
As I said in the beginning, I am the owner of OMGthatBOW.
I've been making hair bows for about 3 to 4 years now. I LOVE LOVE LOVE designing and creating them! I LOVE finding new adorable ribbon and making a bow with it. My bows are custom and totally my own design for the most part. I like my creations to be original and a one of a kind; but not odd or weird. I try to have a large variety so everyone will find something they like.
I opened my shop on ETSY on July 14, 2012. I am blessed to say that it is going very well. I started out just selling to some local customers; mainly from my daughters school, and it grew from there. I have a fan page on FaceBook that I'd LOVE for you to "like" and you can follow me on Pinterest and Twitter.
I've had fun creating this first blog and giving you a peek into my life. I hope you enjoyed it and I look forward to writing again soon. I see a tutorial in the near future. :-)

domain: artistic


BEREA Baldwin-Wallace College plans to unveil a $55 million to $80 million Master Plan proposal for its Berea campus.
The proposal includes building a two-story 10,000 square foot Welcome Center on East Center Street near Tressel Street; constructing additions to several structures including Strosacker Hall; adding more parking, especially in the northern section of campus on Beech Street and behind the Speech Clinic at Front and Adalbert streets and demolishing the former Berea Loomis school building to create a more pedestrian-friendly area.
It will also make East Grant and Jacob streets cul-de-sacs near Tressel Street; establish more green space throughout the campus; ask the city to consider establishing an “all stop” corner at East Bagley Road and Beech Street only during class changes when feasible to allow for diagonal student pedestrian crossing; convert some older dormitories to suite-style housing and create two “gateway” entrances. The plans also contain several other projects.
B-W President Richard Durst attended the city’s Planning Commission where he and William M. Reniff, vice president of finance & administration, gave an informal preliminary presentation of the proposal. The plan will go before the B-W’s Building & Grounds Committee of the board of trustees this month. The full trustee board will see the proposal in April should the committee recommend it.
The 10-year plan will occur in three phases. Durst said it is unsure when specific projects will start. But the city plans to begin the Beech Street waterline and road construction project from East Bagley Road north to East Fifth Street next month. B-W partnered with the city to apply for funding from the Ohio Public Works Commission. The funding was granted, with B-W contributing $225,000 in-kind contribution toward the project that will cost slightly more than $1 million. That plan includes diagonal parking spots in a partial area on the east side of Beech Street. B-W also has plans to build a small parking lot just east of the diagonal spots that now has a field. The city and B-W will discuss that parking lot proposal as the Beech Street project develops.
Durst said B-W shared the preliminary plans with neighbors around the B-W campus. He said their reaction was positive, especially with the added green space. He said the college is landlocked and does not plan to increase its enrollment.
“We built our reputation on offering small classes and providing a positive interaction among students and our faculty. We are looking to be smarter in recruiting students. This Master Plan will help continue those beliefs and promote our nine new majors, of which sustainability was the first in Ohio.”
See more Berea news at cleveland.com/berea.
Contact DuMound at (216) 986-7538.


Top 10 Best pistol crossbow arrows in 2021 Comparison Table
- FAST, STRONG, SHARP, AND ACCURATE - The best target practice bolts for 50-80lb tactical pistol crossbows, Product Length: 6 ¼ inches, Shaft Diameter: ¼ Inch; Widest Shaft: ⅜ Inch. Fetching Length: 2 Inch, ⅝ inch width; Metal Tip: ⅞ Inch long. 2 fletchings come with double wing vanes and sets flat on the rail, allowing a good shot group, creating fast, straight, intense, accurate flights. Speed track built with durability won't warp or snap easily.
- BEST VALUE WITH SUPERIOR QUALITY - Inexpensive and cheap, each bolt costs only 30 cents, packed in large quantities of 60, 30pcs Red and 30Pcs Yellow; Its bright colors allow easy retrieval for reuse. The customer tested 100 shots, and the report shows not broken one piece, said: "Speed track is superior to any aluminum bolts, they last ten times longer than the common aluminum and wooden bolts."
- PRACTICE AIM & IMPROVE PRECISION - DO NOT SHOOT ON HARD OBJECTS like metals, stones, cement, or plywood. Our mini crossbows bolts darts are the best shooting on the standard archery targets or high-density foam targets and softer targets like fabric and meats. Use for small hunting games, close-range shooting practice, and outdoor finishing. Some customers use them on critter varmint control for smaller prey like squirrels, possums, rabbits, raccoons, and frogs.
- HIGH IMPACT BOLTS CAN HARM, USE WITH CAUTION - THIS PRODUCT IS NOT A TOY. Keep away from small childrens, teenagers, It can harm and kill animals and even humans! Please use these carefully and responsibly during practice or hunting; consult with professionals and laws before use. Designed for adults target practice only, Crossbolts shooting at a fast speed can harm with its super-sharp metal tips. Seller is not responsible for any damage or harm caused by the use of this product.
- 100% MONEY BACK GUARANTEE - NAVAdeal are backed by 100% guarantee that you are fully satisfied with your product or receive your money back.
- 【High Quality Material】Consists of aluminum shaft and metal tip, durable and solid, low hand shock with good speed.
- 【Fits Crossbow】Crossbow Aluminum Replacement Arrows Tips Works on crossbows of 50-80LB.
- 【You Can Play】Appropriate for archers 6 years old and up.
- 【Outdoor Fun】Perfect for target practice & outdoor shooting training or hunting game, much fun with it.
- 【Package & Warranty】The 6.3 inch aluminum arrows comes with pack of 36 and a 2 years warranty, money back or replacement is available.
- Cobra System Self cocking crossbow
- 80 lb Draw Weight
- Fiberglass construction with Adjustable Sight
- Great for both hunting and target shooting
- Includes 4 x20 scope, 39 aluminum arrows, and two 80 lbs strings
- Arrow Flight is More Stable: Mini crossbow bolts point material, aluminum alloy shaft with a metal tip, 2x fletches / flights for a stable trip from bow to target
- High Quality Material: Qualified metal made sharp small pistol crossbow bolts for precise hunting, archery target practice, small games
- Design Highlights: Designed for 50 - 80lbs high impact crossbows, aluminum bolt body with steel tips, metal tip capable of high impact power. Replacement arrows for SAS Prophecy or Cobra Crossbows
- Mini Crossbow Bolts Size: Total 6.3", diameter0.24", arrow tips 0.9", shaft 3"; Designed for 50 - 80lbs high impact crossbows
- Outdoor Fun: Kavard pistol cross bow bolts perfect for target practice & outdoor shooting training or small hunting game, much fun with it.(Children please use under adult supervision)
- 80 lbs draw weight
- Arrows travel up to 160 FPS
- Self Cocking Design with Adjustable sight
- Easy to set up
- Optional Bag Package includes: SAS Padded Pistol Bag and Extra Pack Aluminum Arrows
- 【High Impact Crossbow Bolts】We have upgraded the pistol crossbow bolts ,Consists of aluminum shaft and razor sharp broadhead tips, durable and solid, low hand shock ,good spe,high accuracy and not easy to break.
- 【Design Highlights】Designed for 50 - 80lbs high impact pistol crossbows, aluminum bolt body with Steel Broadhead Tips, metal tip capable of high impact power. Replacement arrows for SAS Prophecy or Cobra Crossbows
- 【Fly Pretty Accurately】2pcs 1.77inch tpufeather/flights ensure accurate flight of mini crossbow bolts, they don't warp or snap easily and can be used over and over again,Perfect for small game hunting, target practice & outdoor shooting training.
- 【Mini Crossbow Arrows Size】Total 6.3", diameter 0.23", arrow tips 1.18", tpu vane 1.77"; Designed for 50 - 80lbs high impact crossbow
- 【After-sales Service】If you have any problem, do not hesitate to contact us, we do everything possible to satisfy you, at your service.Add to CART today and experience the joy of archery！
- High Impact Plastic Crossbow Bolts: Designed for 50 - 80lbs high impact crossbow, metal tips capable of high impact power. Replacement arrows for SAS Prophecy or Cobra Crossbow
- Fly Pretty Accurately: 2 pcs plastic feather/flights ensure accurate flight of mini crossbow bolts, they don't warp or snap easily and can be used over and over again Mini Crossbow Bolts Size: Total 6.3", diameter 0.23", arrow tips 0.87", shaft 3"; Designed for 50 - 80lbs high impact crossbow
- Outdoor Fun: Kavard Mini crossbow bolts perfect for target practice & outdoor fishing shooting training or small hunting game, much fun with it
- Mini Crossbow Bolts Size: Total 6.3", diameter0.23", arrow tips 0.87", shaft 3"; Designed for 50 - 80lbs high impact crossbow
- After-Sales Guarantee: For any questions about Kavard mini crossbow bolts, please do not hesitate to contact us, we provide 100% satisfaction guarantee.
- ✔ 6.3" Long aluminum arrows for pistol crossbow 50-80lbs
- ✔ Premium sharp light weight (9g each) accurate aluminum bolts with a sharp metal tip and PVC nock
- ✔ Package Include : 36pc aluminum arrows for pistol crossbow for 50-80lbs crossbows
- Specs - draw weight: 50 lbs; mass weight: 1.6 lbs; speed: 215 FPS
- Integrated cocking mechanism with safety lock which serves as a 2nd safety
- Auto safety & anti-dry Fire trigger
- Finger guard for hand safety; Track style rail for precision Shooting
- Optional Packages: 1) Bag and Extra 10 Aluminum Bolts or 2) Extra 20 Aluminum Bolts
- Huntingdoor 6.25inch crossbow bolts,work on 50 to 80lbs crossbows, great for target practice or small hunting shooting game.
- Mini crossbow arrows,aluminum shaft with a metal tip, plastic arrow tail.overall length: 6 1/4" (16cm), 1/4" in Diameter.
- Professional crossbow bolts for pistol crossbow, high quality crossbow bolts,light weight and accurate,high impact and high precision.
- Practice crossbow bolts,fly pretty accurately,and don't warp or snap easily and can be used over and over again.
- Package included: 60pcs for your choice,suitable for outdoor and indoor exercises,best choice and the most cost-effective option.
Are you Googling for top 10 great pistol crossbow arrows for the money in 2021? Our AI system had scanned more than 82,636 customer satisfaction about top 10 best pistol crossbow arrows in 2021, we have come up with the top 10 rated products you may be interested in. We have ranked the best brands from Artificial Intelligent and Big Data, as you see below:
Our Best Choice: 12pcs 20″ Carbon Crossbow Bolts Hunting Archery 20 Inch Arrows with 4 Inch Vanes and Replaced Arrowhead Tip
❤ Archery Fans Idea:
If the plastic vanes shape is distorted, you should put the vanes into 176℉-194℉ scorching water for a few minutes, they can be recuperate the primary shape.
➤ Crossbow Bolt Merchandise Information:
» Weight: About 26g/pcs
» Interior diameter : 7.6mm
» Outter diameter : 8.8mm
» Length of arrow shaft : 20 inches
» Material of arrow shaft : Carbon fiber
» Arrow nock : 50 percent moon shape, rotatable
» Fat of arrow level (broadheads only) : 100 grain
» Arrow vanes : 4 inches TPU vanes, 2 Eco-friendly and 1 White / 2 Yellow and 1 White
🛒 Offer Provided:
» 6pcs x Eco-friendly and White Vanes CrossbowBolts
» 6pcs x Yellow and White Vanes Crossbow Bolts
❤ Guarantee & Soon after-Sale Providers:
» 24-month guarantee and unconditional refund or substitute integrated.
» Our complete pleasure assure handles all our solutions, so choose with confidence and search forward to a life time of
Offer Dimensions:21.89 x 3.94 x 2.52 inches 1.04 Lbs .
Company encouraged age:3 months and up
Day To start with Available:June 18, 2020
➤ Love ARCHERY Encounter: 12pcs pack crossbow bolts produced of higher good quality carbon fiber product, introduced you speed, kinetic strength and accuracy. Excellent for focus on exercise and looking have excellent functionality, reduced hand shock with superior velocity. Amazing longevity for prolonged use.·
➤ 4INCH RUBBER VANES: Two types of coloration Vanes – Pink-White and Yellow White shield slice rubber vanes delicate texture and good guiding, by no means harm thecrossbow and very easily to be uncovered for the duration of capturing apply and 4 inch vanes boost the balance of the arrow.
➤ Good Detail Half MOON NOCKS: Moon nock capabilities a deep bowstring groove a substantial sleek radius foundation and elongated ears ensuing in straight nock vacation and precision down-variety precision whilst minimizing string serving wear.
➤ REPLACEABLE ARROW Guidelines: 100 grain broadheads are sharp, speedy and fitable for hunting and shooting. Standard screw-in thread so they could be effortlessly assembled to shafts. Suitable with most crossbows, compound bows and recurve bows.
➤ Invest in WITH Self confidence: We are focused to making certain your completely satisfaction. If you are not content with your invest in, remember to make contact with us by means of our amazon listing with your purchase ID and you will acquire a comprehensive refund or replacement device for absolutely free!


text:
|Get:||vacationflighthotelcar rental SEARCH|
|Powered through MediaAlpha|
|Get:||all calculationsdistancedriving timedriving distanceflight timeclosest airportcost of drivingtime differencemajor citieshalfway pointstopping pointsdirect flightsairlines servinghotels in the arealatitude/longitude|
Plan her road expedition at
View a map v driving directionsusing your desired map provider:Google Maps,Bing Maps, orMapQuest. You have the right to use RoadTripCost.com to get thecost to drive from Houston come Midland.
More trip calculations
Road pilgrimage planner
The complete cost the driving indigenous Houston, TX come Midland, TX (one-way) is $54.40at existing gas prices.
The round trip cost would be $108.79 to walk from Houston, TX come Midland, TX and earlier to Houston, TX again.
Regular fuel costs are approximately $2.85 every gallonfor her trip. This calculation assumes the your automobile getsan average gas mileage of 25 mpg for amix that city and highway driving.
All money units room U.S. Dollars. If you preferinternational units, the tantamount petrol pump price is 75.3 cents/litre. This presume a usual fuel economic climate of 9.4 L/100 km.
You"ll go v 19.1 gallonsof gas during this trip. This is same to 72.2 litres.
If you fill your tank v unleaded gasoline,the carbon emissions will be approximately 373 lbs CO2.This is identical to 169 kg CO2e or 0.17 tonnes the carbon dioxide equivalents.These numbers may readjust depending top top the specific makeand version of your car. If your auto uses dieselinstead, the CO2 emissions will be approximately 437 lbs CO2,which is equivalent to 198 kg CO2e or 0.20 tonnes that carbon dioxide equivalents.
These outcomes are based upon the really driving distance native Houston, TX to Midland, TX, which is 477 miles or 768 kilometers.
Your trip starts in Houston, Texas.The price of regular gas is at this time averaging $2.85 in Texas.
Your expedition ends in Midland, Texas.The price of consistent gas is roughly $2.85 in Texas.
Currently, we just have exact data because that locationsin the united States. To enhance the accuracy of your fuel costestimate, girlfriend can enter the yes, really price friend pay because that gas or petrolat the neighborhood pump in the table above.
The complying with chart screens the distinction intotal price of driving provided varying fuel grades. If your carrequires higher octane gas, girlfriend can find out how much much more itwill expense you come drive between Houston, TX and also Midland, TX.


text: Here is a bonus image for the week (hey today is Valentine’s Day). I thought I would show you what I did with my Crowsnest Wind image. I created a poster look to it. Since the image was cropped to an odd size for printing I thought this effect would allow it to be printed at normal sizes and give the image a fancy “pro” look. Now I will see what it looks like printed at various sizes.


text:
Just in time for Halloween, three new books tell tales, fictional and real, to make you shiver.
Ghostly (Scribner), introduced and illustrated by Audrey Niffenegger (The Time Traveler's Wife), collects 16 classic ghost stories by authors ranging from Edgar Allan Poe to Neil Gaiman, with elegant original art by Niffenegger.
Science of the Magical: From the Holy Grail to Love Potions to Superpowers (Scribner) by Matt Kaplan applies research to find the real in magical narratives, from witches' spells to gateways to the underworld.
The Witch of Lime Street: Séance, Seduction, and Houdini in the Spirit World (Crown) by David Jaher is a nonfiction book that reads like a novel, an engrossing account of the 1924 showdown between magician Harry Houdini and a high-society psychic named Mina Crandon.
Contact Colette Bancroft at email@example.com or (727) 893-8435. Follow @colettemb.

domain: literature


Most of the world’s biggest cryptocurrencies by market cap, apart from stable coins, took a hit last week. For instance, Bitcoin, the world’s largest cryptocurrency, was trading around $35,000 in the last 24 hours, down 21.82 per cent in the last seven days, according to Coinmarketcap data. Though the market has recovered slightly, last week's fall has wiped out over $1 trillion from the global crypto market value.
Other major currencies Ethereum, Cardano, Binance Coin (BNB) and meme coins such as Dogecoin (DOGE), Shiba Inu (SHIB) also witnessed similar meltdowns, data showed. In the last seven days, Bitcoin fell 21.25 per cent, Ethereum plunged over 31.16 per cent, Binance Coin (BNB) fell 228.04 per cent, showed Coinmarketcap.com data. Among meme coins, Dogecoin (DOGE) fell over 24 per cent, Shiba Inu was down by 33 per cent in the last seven days, while Dogelon Mars (ELON) fell over 48 per cent.
Single day falls on Monday were also huge, with BTC falling over 6 per cent, while ETH losing 10 per cent in the last 24 hours. DOGE fell over 7 per cent, SHIB 12 per cent and ELON 11 per cent over the same period.
Why Are Crypto Prices Falling?
There were multiple reasons that is leading to the fall.
Most recently, on January 21, the Central Bank of Russia proposed to the government to ban all use and mining of cryptocurrencies in Russian territory. “Global tech stock sell-offs coupled with the news of the Russian central bank banning cryptocurrencies and Kazakhstan crackdown on crypto mining have added to mayhem and bloodbath on crypto markets,” says Sharat Chandra, vice-president, research and strategy, EarthID, a global decentralized self-sovereign identity management platform.
Moreover, last week, the European Securities and Markets Authority recommended a ban on Proof of Work mining and suggested that regulators should opt for Proof of Stake mining, which also led to the downfall in the crypto market.
Also, the US Federal Reserve has been tightening its monetary policy controls, which is exerting pressure on risky financial instruments, including digital assets.
“Investors across financial markets are de-risking their investments to the US dollar and bank deposits driven by fears of interest rate hikes by the US Federal Reserve this year as well as continued curbs globally because of the rise of the Omicron variant of Covid,” says Vikram Subburaj, CEO, Giottus Crypto Exchange.
In addition, last week, the regulators of the United Kingdom, Spain and Singapore tightened the rules on crypto-asset promotion.


text:
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Airfare cost and Schedule
The Belmond Copacabana Palace in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil is only $632. The hotel has internet, air- conditioned rooms, airport shuttle, a pool, and parking, a massage area, and a shopping area. The hotel I'll be staying at cost $632 nightly and it cost $61,613 for the trip total for 29 nights 3 rooms and 5 guests. The hotel also has free breakfast. Also the hotel is right by the beach.http://www.kayak.com/hotels/Rio-de-Janeiro,Brazil-c24146/2014-04-27/2014-05-26/5guests/3rooms
Going on a small group tour to the statue of Christ cost $74.99 per person. Take an afternoon tour to Corcovado Mountian topped with the iconic statue of Christ the Redeemer. You'll travel through the Tijuca Rain Forest by cog train to Corcovado Mountian for breathtaking views of one of the world's most beautiful cities. This afternoon tour takes you to Rio's most famous attraction, leaving you with time in the day free to explore Rio on your own. As it says on the Rio de Janeiro website (found at the end of the paragraph). Our half-day tour to Corcovado takes you to Cosume Velho station to catch the cog train. The stee train journey takes you through the dense Atlantic rain forest of Tijuca to the Art Deco Statue of Christ the Redeemer on Corcovado mountain. You'll spend up to an hour here with your tour guide, who will show you the sights of Rio from this incredible mountain-top vantage point. http://www.riodejaneiro.com/activities/
Going hang-gliding in Rio de Janeiro happens in Pedra Bonita, a beautiful mountian situated in Sáo Conrado neighborhood, just 20 minutes from Ipanema. You don't need any experience since the pilot takes control of the whole flight. During the ride, all you do is to smile at the camera and enjoy the view. The landing area is on Pepino beach, with its clear waters and white sand. The landing area is on Pepino beach, with its clear waters and white sands. Rio Adventures works with the best pilots in Rio, who have many years of tandem flight experience and are certified by the Brazilian Hang Gliding Association.


SMS Blücher (1877)
SMS Blücher was a Bismarck-class corvette built for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in the late 1870s. The Bismarck-class corvettes were ordered as part of a major naval construction program in the early 1870s, and she was designed to serve as a fleet scout and on extended tours in Germany's colonial empire. Blücher was laid down in March 1876, launched in September 1877, and was commissioned into the fleet in late 1878. Unlike her sister ships, Blücher was converted shortly after entering service into a torpedo training ship to experiment with the new self-propelled torpedoes and develop German torpedo doctrine.
Blücher in heavy seas with a torpedo boat
|Namesake:||Field Marshal Gebhard von Blücher|
|Builder:||Norddeutsche Schiffbau, Kiel|
|Launched:||20 September 1877|
|Completed:||21 December 1879|
|Class and type:||Bismarck-class corvette|
|Displacement:||2,890 t (2,844 long tons)|
|Length:||82.5 m (270 ft 8 in)|
|Beam:||13.7 m (44 ft 11 in)|
|Draft:||6.18 m (20 ft 3 in)|
|Speed:||12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)|
|Range:||2,380 nmi (4,410 km; 2,740 mi) at 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph)|
|Armament:||4–7 × 35 cm (14 in) torpedo tubes|
Blücher served in this capacity for the entirety of her active career. She was initially based in Kiel in the Baltic Sea, under the command of Alfred von Tirpitz. Between the 1880s and early 1900s, most of the officers and crewmen in the German fleet received their torpedo training aboard the ship. In 1907, Blücher suffered a boiler explosion that badly damaged the ship and killed thirty men. Deemed too old to warrant repairing, Blücher was instead sold to a Dutch company that used her as a coal storage hulk; her ultimate fate is unknown.
The six ships of the Bismarck class were ordered in the early 1870s to supplement Germany's fleet of cruising warships, which at that time relied on several ships that were twenty years old. The ships were intended to patrol Germany's colonial empire and safeguard German economic interests around the world, though Blücher spent much of her career as a torpedo training ship in German waters.
Blücher was 82.5 meters (270 ft 8 in) long overall, with a beam of 13.7 m (44 ft 11 in) and a draft of 5.68 m (18 ft 8 in) forward. She displaced 2,890 metric tons (2,840 long tons) at full load. The ship's crew consisted of 18 officers and 386 enlisted men. She was powered by a single marine steam engine that drove one 2-bladed screw propeller, with steam provided by four coal-fired fire-tube boilers, which gave her a top speed of 13.9 knots (25.7 km/h; 16.0 mph) at 2,989 metric horsepower (2,948 ihp). She had a cruising radius of 2,380 nautical miles (4,410 km; 2,740 mi) at a speed of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). As built, Blücher was equipped with a full ship rig, but this was later reduced.
Blücher was armed with a variety of torpedo tubes throughout her career, ranging in number from four to seven. These were all 35 cm (14 in) tubes, and they were placed in various positions in the ship, above and below the waterline. Her gun armament consisted of four 8 cm (3.1 in) 25-cal. breech-loading guns and up to thirteen 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss revolver cannon.
Construction through 1890Edit
Blücher was laid down in March 1876 under the contract name "C", and she was launched on 20 September 1877. The Chief of the Marinestation der Ostsee (Baltic Sea Naval Station), Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) Reinhold von Werner christened the ship at her launching after Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, the famous Prussian Army commander during the Napoleonic Wars. In late 1878, the ship was ready to begin sea trials, which lasted until 30 January 1879. On entering service, Blücher was assigned to torpedo testing duties; the navy planned to use the ship as a support ship for torpedo boats in the event of a war. By early 1880, the ship had been converted for this use; her original intended armament was removed and replaced with a variety of torpedo tubes, and her sailing rig was reduced. On 10 August, she finally entered service with the Torpedo School at Kiel, where Alfred von Tirpitz served as her first commander.
In the years that Blücher was in service, the majority of German naval officers and enlisted men received their torpedo training aboard the ship, though she did not actually begin training new crews until 1 May 1881. She was initially based in the Kieler Förde, and on 17 September she participated in a naval review to demonstrate the new torpedo weapons for Kaiser Wilhelm I. While off Friedrichsort outside of Kiel, the Torpedo School conducted a series of demonstrations that began with four torpedo-armed pinnaces launching torpedoes at targets, followed by Blücher, which approached at full speed and launched torpedoes at the anchored target ship Elbe, scoring a direct hit amidships and sinking her. On 27 October, Blücher was decommissioned following the end of the annual training maneuvers.
In 1882, the torpedo boat Ulan was assigned as Blücher's tender. From 22 June to 15 July, Blücher went on a training cruise in the Baltic Sea, which was followed by the annual fleet training exercises held in August and September. She spent the entirety of 1883 in commission, the first year she did so. In 1884, the navy organized a torpedo boat division for the first time, which included Kühn, Flink, Scharf,Sicher, Tapfer and Vorwärts and the torpedo gunboat Jäger. During tests on 4 August, the old gunboat Wolf was sunk as a target. Blücher then went to Wilhelmshaven in September to assist in the testing of new torpedo boats being built there. She spent 1885 conducting training exercises with the torpedo boats in the training squadron. In 1886, the ship was assigned to the newly formed Inspektion des Torpedowesens (Torpedo Inspectorate); the year passed uneventfully, apart from a short trip to Wilhelmshaven.
On 1 October, Blücher was decommissioned for a major overhaul. The Kaiserliche Admiralität (Imperial Admiralty) considered restoring Blücher to a fully-functional warship, with her place in the Torpedo School taken by the frigate Elisabeth, but this plan was not adopted. In the course of the overhaul, the ship's classrooms were modernized and search lights were installed on the deck to allow night-time torpedo training. On 30 April 1887, Blücher returned to service and she participated in a naval review held to celebrate the beginning of work on the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal in June. For the following year, Blücher was occupied with the normal routine of training exercises. She participated in training maneuvers in Norwegian waters off Kristiansand in 1889 that emphasized long-range firing.
Owing to the increased demands of the development of torpedo tactics, the Admiralität allocated the new aviso Greif to that purpose, allowing Blücher to focus solely on training of torpedo crews. The year 1891 passed uneventfully, and in May 1892 she began another major overhaul. Her place as the torpedo training ship was temporarily taken by the old ironclad warship Sachsen, which held the role until 1 December. In early 1893, Blücher returned to service; on 6 September three members of her crew had an accident off Kiel, where they accidentally capsized their boat. Blücher served as the flagship of IV. Division during the annual fleet maneuvers that year. From 1894, Blücher and Greif operated together. On 18 September, Blücher assisted the protected cruiser Prinzess Wilhelm, which had run aground of the island of Bornholm.
In 1895, Blücher took part in celebrations marking the opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, and in September that year she underwent another overhaul. Her place in the Torpedo School was taken by the ironclad Friedrich Carl. The following year, Blücher again served as a divisional flagship during the annual training exercises in August and September. By this time, work began on the new Torpedo School in Flensburg-Mürwik, since the strong currents and increased shipping traffic through the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal made it difficult to continue operations in Kiel. Flensburg also offered greater distances, which were necessary for the latest models of torpedoes that had significantly increased ranges. The years 1897 and 1898 passed in the same routine as previous years, with stints as the training squadron flagship during the fleet maneuvers both years.
In 1900, Blücher was decommissioned for another major overhaul at the Kaiserliche Werft in Kiel, with her place again taken by Friedrich Carl. She returned to service on 2 April 1901, but while in transit from the shipyard, she slipped a screw and had to be taken under tow. On 31 October 1902, the new Torpedo School was opened and Blücher was transferred to Flensburg, along with four torpedo boats. The ironclad Württemberg was assigned to the Torpedo School to support Blücher and the torpedo boats. By 1906, Blücher had deteriorated significantly in condition, and on 25 September, she was reduced to serve only as a stationary training and barracks ship.
On 6 November 1907, Blücher suffered a serious boiler explosion. The boiler had not been used for several weeks, and the crew failed to prepare it properly, causing the high-pressure steam line to blow out the front wall of the boiler. The resulting explosion pierced the deck forward and aft of the funnel, causing serious damage to the ship. Ten men were killed instantly in the explosion and another twenty-four were seriously wounded, of whom another six died later. Casualties were limited by the fact that most of the crew were ashore at the time of the accident. Blücher was towed into port at Flensburg where a thorough investigation of the accident took place. On 29 February 1908, she was stricken from the naval register. Uranus (formerly the ironclad Kaiser) was converted into a barracks ship to take Blücher's place, and the latter vessel was sold to a private company from Rotterdam, which used the vessel as a coal storage hulk in Vigo, Spain. Her ultimate fate is unknown. For the victims of the explosion, a memorial was erected in Flensburg in February 1909 and the ship's figurehead was placed at the Naval Academy Mürwik.
- Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
- Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe (Band 2) [The German Warships (Volume 2)] (in German). Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 9783782202107.
- Kelly, Patrick J. (2011). Tirpitz and the Imperial German Navy. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35593-5.
- Sondhaus, Lawrence (1997). Preparing for Weltpolitik: German Sea Power Before the Tirpitz Era. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-745-7.
- Media related to Blücher (ship, 1877) at Wikimedia Commons


Filed under: Action, Northeast, White Supremacy
Submitted to It’s Going Down
A few more things happened last night (11/9) then the cops and news are letting on. We were going to skip the march altogether until we heard that people had burned flags and surrounded the cops who tried to make arrests. We never found the flag burners but we still had fun. Here’s some moments from the night:
When we found the demonstration it was huge and full of energy. The march seemed to be mostly college kids, but not only. Cops couldn’t keep track of the whole thing because of how big it was, especially in the tight North Philly streets.
Some young people ripped down some “VOTE NOV 8” and run off cackling, vanishing into the crowd.
Chants that “Philly hates Trump” are nice, others that mention “this is what democracy looks like” seem to miss the point.
Masked strangers ask each other if they want to walk together, a small black bloc comes together. Anti-Trump stickers and fireworks go up, people clap and smile.
No one is the peace police, but we’re still reminded that doing graffiti is “not what we’re here for” even though it’s definitely part of what we’re there for.
A Rite-Aid truck almost becomes the canvas for an anti-trump message but the artist is interrupted by a plainclothes cop, the cop in turn, is interrupted by some masked people. Everyone gets away unscathed, except the truck. “FUCK TR”
A bunch of the light columns on Broad St are redecorated with anti-police tags.
Stickers and fireworks run out and people who wanted some are let down. Those of us who brought too little are also let down, more stuff next time?
It’s proposed that an American flag is burned but the bearers don’t want to. A lot of people are here because they are upset Hillary Clinton lost, they don’t seem critical of democracy or America or whatever.
A couple cop vehicles are tagged, surprisingly many people holler and clap. I guess anti-cop stuff is always in.
The march approaches the highway but police have formed a line in front of the ramp, after some chanting and an unfortunate firework we all leave toward city hall instead.
Rebels To The Street!


text:
How long does it take to beat this game?
How long does it take to beat Fallout 3: Game of the Year Edition on PlayStation 3?
Around 72 hours, according to 569 GameFAQs users who told us how long it took them to beat it.
More Questions from This Game
|Why this is game very gothic and very dark ?||Unanswered|
|Can you platinum this game on one play through ?||Answered|
|Why does my game keep freezing at the alien transporter?||Answered|
|How do I get the game to stop loading?||Unanswered|
|The game crashes when playing broken steel?||Answered|

domain: hobby


text:
Climate activists have once again stuck to a museum picture. The picture gallery in Berlin was affected on Thursday. The State Museums confirmed the attack. The painting "Rest on the Flight into Egypt" by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553) is affected.
According to dpa information, two activists stuck to the frame of the painting. The alarm system was triggered. The young women had a poster of the "Last Generation" movement with them, and on their T-shirts it said "Stop the fossil madness".
On Wednesday, two climate activists glued themselves to the frame of a large painting in Frankfurt's Städel. Only on Tuesday there was a similar action in the Old Masters Picture Gallery in Dresden.
This year, climate activists of the "last generation" have already blocked hundreds of streets nationwide. The activists are demanding that Chancellor Olaf Scholz (SPD) and Economics Minister Robert Habeck (Greens) do more to expand renewable energies.

domain: politics


text:
The last time I was out browsing at the library, I ran across Ms. Burke's latest novel in her Ellie Hatcher series. I read the first one last year some time, and remembering enjoying it but not loving it. Angel's Tip sounded reallly interesting, so I decided to pick it up and give it a try. Angel's Tip was an enjoyable read, though nothing I was over the moon about. I give it a B.
In a city full of victims . . . it's hard to choose just one.
Fresh-faced Indiana college student Chelsea Hart is so excited to spend the final hours of her spring break in the VIP room of an elite New York City club that she remains behind when her girlfriends call it a night. The next morning, as her concerned friends anxiously pace their hotel lobby, joggers find Chelsea's body in East River Park, her wavy blond hair brutally hacked off.
NYPD Detective Ellie Hatcher catches the case and homes in on the group of privileged men who were last seen plying Chelsea with free-flowing alcohol. But before she can even gather the preliminary evidence, the gruesome murder is grabbing headlines and drawing unwanted media attention to the department. So when Ellie builds a tight case against Jake Myers, a young hedge fund manager, the department brass and the district attorney's office are elated: the case will soon be cleared, the media will tout the department's quick work, and Ellie will be a dream witness at the trial against Myers.
But Ellie has her doubts. Chelsea's murder is eerily similar to three other deaths that occurred nearly a decade ago: the victims were young, female, and in each case, the killer had taken her hair as a souvenir.
Ellie's investigation pulls her into a late-night world of exclusive clubs, conspicuous wealth, and hedonistic consumption. And her search for the truth not only pits her against her fellow cops but also places her under the watchful eye of a psychopath eager to add the prideful young female detective to his list.
I thought I had this book all figured out. About halfway through, I was positive I knew who the killer was and why he was doing the things he was. Even with only about 15 pages left, I was still sure I knew who the killer was even though it was pretty apparent that he couldn't be the one committing the crimes. I enjoyed the fact that I was wrong... it added to the mystery and I was pleasantly surprised that there were so many red herrings thrown in. Nowadays, it seems like the more mystery books I read, the less I am being "mystified". Ellie is a likeable character and at times I was cheering for her to show up all of the guys who thought that she wouldn't make a great detective, just because she was a girl. However, this book had more "cozy mystery" aspects than "thriller" aspects, and I was a bit disappointed. All around a good read, just nothing that will stick with me for the long term.
Up next is the last library book I have checked out for right now and it is one that I have looked at several times before. It is called Sinners and Saints and is by Eileen Dreyer. I was positive I owned the book but checked it out anyways, and was surprised to see when I got home that I didn't own it. The book just looks really, really familar to me so I have probably picked it up a dozen times at the bookstore but just never bought it for some reason. I hope that isn't a clue about how the book will be. Well, I am off to finish a bit of work and then plan on finishing the word day reading! Have a great weekend everyone and Happy Reading!

domain: library