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In 2021, concern was raised about the Idaho K-12 Civics and U.S. History standards, adopted in 2016. “Lack of specificity is both cause and consequence of a more general lack of rigor” (whatever that means). However, “Enormously broad injunctions and thin, disjointed, thematically scattered content” does describe one defect of these standards. In December, 2023, a committee was formed to revise the social studies standards in which the history standards are included.
Content standards are used “to establish some consistency in academic content statewide”, determine what a student should know by the end of a particular grade, and to some degree what should be taught. This PDF is the Idaho Content Standards for Social Studies that outlines what is being taught in civics and history.
Social studies is broken down into 5 categories: History, Geography, Economics, Civics & Government, and Global Perspectives. Within each category are goals that each grade must meet, K-12. The knowledge base gradually builds over the course of grades attended. Everyone is encouraged to carefully read through these standards for the specifics and determine their own perspective, but this general overview provides an understanding of what is really being taught from a very early age about American history and government. To understand why youth today have no understanding of America’s history, and the significance of our country, reviewing the current standards might provide some insight as to why.
Grades K-5 have standards that appear to lead children towards believing in collectivism, being part of a global world, and government entitlements. Starting in kindergarten, over the course of these grades, the student appears to be progressively taught concepts that are the antithesis of America and being American. Some of these concepts taught in the categories are:
History: “basic rights” of individual freedoms; evolution of democracy; how the “interpretation and application of the United States Constitution has evolved”; sharing information of families and their culture, individual similarities and differences; all people have needs and wants, some with limited resources; family traditions that came to America from other parts of the world; basic needs of people, such as food, clothing, and shelter, and things that people may want but do not need; how individuals and groups make decisions and solve problems, such as voting and consensus; to understand multiple perspectives and global interdependence while comparing life in other parts of the world, and family structures in various cultures around the world; a national identity is shared through patriotic symbols and holidays; difference between public and private property; contributions from other parts of the world to the development of the community; different cultural groups are compared in the community and the influence of that culture on lives; roles and relationships of diverse groups of people from various parts of the world who have contributed to Idaho’s cultural heritage and impacted the state’s history; challenges experienced by people from various cultural, racial, and religious groups that settled in Idaho from various parts of the world; meaning of tribal sovereignty; diversity within Idaho’s American Indian tribes; dispel misconceptions about American Indians today; awareness of the shared experiences of indigenous populations in the world; reservations are lands reserved by the tribes for their own use through treaties or executive orders and were not “given” to them; people and groups who make, apply, and enforce laws within…tribal governments; classmates’ ancestors and where they immigrated from, with further discussions on migration and immigration, and why people immigrate; individuals becoming citizens and distinguish among obligations, responsibilities, and rights.
Geography: basic geography is taught and how humans depend on the environment to meet their basic needs.
Economics: identify wants and needs of families; define income and identify different ways to earn and save; the differences between goods and services, producers and consumers; concepts of supply and demand and scarcity; the purpose of a bank; concepts of personal finance; how basic needs of settlers were met; entrepreneurship and reasons for starting a business; Idaho’s role in the global economy; laws that provide benefits; economic rights.
Civics & Government: community services are provided by the government; Tribal governments and its government structure; Tribal seals and federally recognized Tribes in Idaho; conflicts between liberty and equality, individual interests and the common good, and majority rule and “minority protections”; role of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and national origin on the development of individual rights and political rights; distributed and shared powers between national and state governments; decisions are made by consensus; Idaho Treaties and the effect of federal policies on Tribes, along with comparisons between Tribes, and Tribal relations with government; colonization of Tribal lands and treaties; basic functions of state, local, and tribal governments, the governmental relationships between state, local, and tribal governments and governing structure of American Indian tribes in Idaho; Idaho reservations.
Global Perspective: connections with other communities in the world; contributions from other parts of the world to the development of the community; awareness of the shared experiences of indigenous populations in the world; comparison of neighborhoods and communities with others in various parts of the world; different cultural groups are compared in the community and the influence of that culture on lives.
In K-5 some information is taught about the Pledge of Allegiance and other patriotic symbols. Holidays and the reason for them, and basics on rules and why we have laws is taught. Other than the cultural impact in the development of America there is no mention of Christopher Columbus or the pilgrims, or why they came, however, how the 13 original colonies contributed to the founding of the nation is taught. There is no identified American traditions or values, they all originated from other countries or cultures. In fact, the concept of being American isn’t clearly in the standards.
There is no mention of teaching about American currency. The differences between people, traditions, income, and lifestyles are laid out early to reinforce differences rather than bonds of being an American, and instead being a citizen of the world. Individualism didn’t appear in any of the standards but the concepts of citizenship, popular sovereignty, respect for the individual, equality of opportunity, and personal liberty are taught.
Basic Idaho history doesn’t appear to be introduced such as the initial explorers or the government structure of the state, counties, and cities, but the basic functions of state government is explained. The “concepts” of the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, “basic principles” of the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights are taught, along with majority rule with “minority rights”. It isn’t clear that the understanding of Rule of Law that equally protects everyone appears anywhere.
So it is with this basic foundation that moves the student to 6-12 grades.
History is separated out into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere in grades 6-9 where students are taught an “understanding of the cultural and social development of human civilization”; the consequences of human impact on the physical environment; cultural patterns; pollution, and deforestation; different routes from colonial rule to independence taken by countries in the Western Hemisphere; ethnocentrism; benefits of global connections; indigenous cultures, European colonization, and spread of major religions. The standard of living of various countries and current economic issues in the countries are taught. Major forms of government are compared with the United States.
Grades 6-9 — World History & Civilization
Concurrently, grades 6-9 are taught world history. Many concepts are repeats from previous grades.
History: characteristics of early civilizations; technological advances; origins and characteristics of different social classes; how the structure of family changes in relation to socioeconomic conditions; why different religious beliefs were sources of conflict.
Geography: reasons for major migrations of people; how the resources of an area can be the source of conflict between competing groups; how the population growth rate impacts a nation’s resources; how rapid growth of cities can lead to economic, social, and political problems; how the conservation of resources is necessary to maintain a healthy environment.
Economics: how people historically have relied on their natural resources to meet their needs; how economic opportunity and a higher standard of living are important factors in the migration of people; important economic organizations that have influenced economic growth.
Civics and Government: role of government in population movements; political influences which shaped civilizations including the City-State, Monarchy, Republic, Nation-State, and Democracy; global expansion of liberty and democracy through revolution and reform movements in challenging authoritarian or despotic regimes
Global Perspectives: absence of effective means to enforce international law; global consequences of major conflicts such as World War I, World War II, the Holocaust, and Cold War; why peoples unite for political, economic, and
Grades 6-12 — U.S. History I
In addition, the student also studies U.S. History from grades 6-12 separated out into History I and II courses.
History: concepts in cultures prior to “European contact”; the different cultural, religious, and social influences in the “North American” colonies; culturally & racially group experiences prior to the Civil War; causes and effects of compromises and conflicts in American Revolution, Civil War and Reconstruction; motives for and the consequences of slavery and involuntary immigration; concept of Manifest Destiny and its impact on American Indians; removal, reservations, and allotment that impacted American Indians historically and currently; common traits, beliefs, and characteristics that unite the United States as a nation and a society.
Economics: emergence and evolution of a market economy; role of government policy and role of financial institutions in the early economic development of the United States.
Civics & Government: development of our constitutional republic through founding documents, colonial assemblies, and colonial rebellions; fundamental values and principles as expressed in basic documents, including the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution; fundamental values and principles in conflict, such as between liberty and equality, individual interests and the common good, and majority rule and minority protections; how executive, legislative, and judicial powers are distributed and shared among the three branches of government and why powers are distributed and shared between national and state governments in a federal system; role of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and national origin on the development of individual rights and political rights.
Global Perspectives: significance of principle policies and events in the United States’ relations with the world, such as the War of 1812, the Monroe Doctrine, the Mexican-American War, and Spanish-American War;
Grades 9-12 — U.S. History II
History: how diverse cultures have enriched American society; significant movements for social change; motives for continued immigration to the United States; political and social resistance to immigration; impact of forced assimilation on identity of American Indians; emergence of the American labor movement; causes of the Great Depression; shift from the industrial to the technological society at the end of the 20th century.
Economics: emergence of the modern corporation; development of a consumer economy; role of the modern United States in the global economy.
Civics and Government: relationship between the three federal branches of government; impact of landmark cases, Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka; development and expansion of political, civil, and economic rights.
Global Perspectives: competing belief systems including capitalism, communism, imperialism, totalitarianism, isolationism, and internationalism; significance of principal events in relations with the world, such as the Spanish-American War, World Wars I and II, the formation of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan, NATO, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the end of the Cold War, and interventions in Latin America and the Middle East;
Grades 9-12 — American Government
History: understanding of the cultural and social development of the United States; historical milestones that led to the creation of limited government such as the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, state constitutions and charters, United States Constitution, Bill of Rights.
Geography: impact of geography on the American political system, such as electoral politics and congressional redistricting.
Economics: economic impact of government policy; different economic systems and relate each to different forms of government.
Civics and Government: origins of constitutional law in western civilization, including the natural rights philosophy, Magna Carta, common law, and the Bill of Rights in England; philosophies, ideals, and objectives of the foundational documents of the United States; central principles of the United States governmental system and relationships among federal, state, local, and tribal governments; development and role of political parties; role of other political organizations; ways in which individuals become citizens and distinguish among obligations, responsibilities, and rights; the changing relationship among the branches of American government; how interpretation and application of the United States Constitution has evolved.
Global Perspectives: mutual impact of ideas, issues, and policies among nations, including environmental, economic, and humanitarian; evaluate the role of the United States in international organizations and agreements.
In History I & II, and American History, is Consent of the Governed even taught?
Once a draft is completed the revised standards will be available to the public for comment. If there were ever a time to become involved, it will be when this draft is released. When the draft is released, look them over and have your recommendations ready for submission during the comment period. The final draft will be presented to the legislature in 2025. This is really a leftover of Common Core.
For any questions contact:
Director of Content and Curriculum


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Chelsea coach Maurizio Sarri has confirmed that N'Golo Kante will be left out of his natural position in the Blues' squad against Malmoe FF in Thursday's night Europa League encounter at Stamford Bridge.
Sarri claimed that the France international cannot move the ball fast enough in the midfield the way he would have loved the movement to be.
The former Napoli coach is currently under serious pressure at Chelsea following embarrassing defeats against Manchester City and Manchester United.
He is now trying all he could to save his job at Stamford Bridge as there are reports that he could be fired before the end of the season.
"As you know very well, it's not very easy because we have no time," said the Italian. But we are trying to solve our problems. It's not easy.
"On the pitch, we have no time at the moment. But we are trying to talk with the players. We are trying to avoid some mistakes by video.
"But it's not easy because we have to play every three days. On the pitch, we have no time. I have to think we are able to improve, and able to improve immediately,'' Sarri explained in a press conference.
Jorginho has taken the natural position of N'Golo Kante at Chelsea and Maurizio Sarri gave an explanation to the development.
''In that position, I want a player able to move the ball very fast. This is not the best characteristic of N'Golo.
"N'Golo is very useful for us, but this one is not his best characteristic,'' Sarri explained.

domain: news


For the first time since 1960, the Chargers will host a home game in Los Angeles. Their first regular season game will be against the Miami Dolphins at their temporary home, the StubHub Center. This … [Read more...] about Will the Los Angeles Chargers temporary home be an asset?
Do the Chargers really stand a chance in Los Angeles? From San Diego to Los Angeles, the Chargers have so far stayed the course and proved themselves to be the same old losing team. The 2017 … [Read more...] about Where the Los Angeles Chargers stand after the 2017 preseason
At last, the showdown that L.A. has been anticipating will transpire. The Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams will finally clash at the L.A. coliseum this evening. The battle of two NFL … [Read more...] about Update on Los Angeles Chargers Fight for L.A.
The Los Angeles Chargers have a fresh start in a new city, but their baggage comes along with them. After two consecutively horrible seasons, with a record of 4-12 in 2015 and 5-11 in 2016, the … [Read more...] about Takeaways from the Los Angeles Chargers loss to Seattle
When it comes to the social activism that has been largely prevalent among athletes throughout recent years, the Chargers have mostly flown under the radar. The 49ers, Miami Dolphins, Seattle … [Read more...] about Los Angeles Chargers: Russell Okung shifts conversation about racial issues
The Los Angeles Chargers wasted no time revealing their plan to gain attention and supporters with their "Fight for L.A" campaign. This motto could easily seem like a declaration of war on the L.A. … [Read more...] about The Los Angeles Chargers “Fight for L.A.” Heats Up
It's at that time of the year where the sporting world starts to really slow down. The NBA Finals are underway, which means that in just a week or two, the only major sport we will have to enjoy is … [Read more...] about How are the Los Angeles Chargers looking with just over three months left in the summer?
It seems every as if every year the Los Angeles Chargers have the offensive firepower to make a genuine push at a playoff spot, and maybe more. However, almost every year they encounter injury … [Read more...] about Don’t be surprised if the Los Angeles Chargers have a top 5 offense this season
Even when you draft a player at the top of the first round, nothing is for certain. With every pick of the NFL draft that passes, millions upon millions of dollars are earned. Many NFL prospects are … [Read more...] about Los Angeles Chargers Avoid Repeating History, Sign Mike Williams
It's been a week now, and the dust surrounding the 2017 NFL Draft has finally settled (I apologize for the late post, college student going through finals here). In the first round alone ten draft … [Read more...] about Draft Recap: Los Angeles Chargers


3 April 2014 – University of Sydney graduate architect HY William Chang who received the 2014 Student Prize for the Advancement of Architecture in the Australian Institute of Architects’ 2014 Australian Achievements in Architecture Awards says there’s not much current focus on post-occupancy evaluation of buildings.
27 March 2014 — McGraw Hill Construction has released a report on building information modelling in Australian and New Zealand economies, finding that the region is an international leader in BIM adoption, though barriers still need to be overcome, and a government mandate would help.
25 March 2014 — Increasing demand for commercial projects to have sustainability credentials is translating into an increase in price of specialist consulting and subcontracting services, according to WT Partnership Review of Construction Market Conditions released this month.
FAVOURITES, SPECIAL REPORT: We talk to manufacturers and sustainability expert Dr Chris Reardon; we check the councils such as Pittwater and Woollahra to see why they don’t like light roofs; take a look at City of Melbourne’s study; and even the argument for dark roofs.
13 March 2013 — Legal firm Corrs Chambers Westgarth has signed a lease for space in Brisbane’s Premium Grade One One One Eagle Street and, according to partner Peter Caloy, high performance buildings are the only way to go.
The company has offices in Perth, Melbourne, Brisbane and Sydney, with Sydney’s 347 staff the first to make the shift into sustainable space at Mirvac’s 8 Chifley Square in October last year.
By Matthew Trigg 3 March 2014 – After receiving the 2014 Royal Gold Medal for architecture in London on 24 February, Joseph Rykwert gave a lecture in which he discussed how it is impossible to divorce politics from architecture, going so far as to declare that architecture is a political art.
25 February 2014 — Green has become a brand preoccupied with extracting efficiencies, while sustainable is a more local, holistic approach, the National University of Singapore’s Dr Nirmal Kishnani tells Louis White ahead of an Australian lecture series.
25 February 2014 — Modular construction can deliver a six per cent reduction in costs, according to research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US. In a market where a one per cent saving can mean the difference between profit and loss, modular makes business sense. And, in a world of finite resources, modular makes environmental sense.
24 February 2014 — Energy efficient houses are cheaper to run and build, a CSIRO study into the effectiveness of increased energy efficiency standards for houses has found, challenging the fierce counter moves to greener housing from the building and housing lobbies.
19 February 2014 — Eradicating commonly found toxins in indoor environments can make a real difference to quality of life, especiallyfor those living in aged care facilities, sustainable design consultant Megan Norgate of Brave New Eco says.
11 February 2014 — The fifth edition of Your Home, a consumer guide and technical manual for creating sustainable homes, has been released by the Department of Industry.
Your Home contains practical, comprehensive information on environmentally sustainable design and building to homeowners and the building industry, with the latest edition containing the latest research on sustainable design and technology.
10 February 2014 — Greenwashing, cost perceptions and design trends are three of the biggest stumbling blocks for genuine residential sustainability, according to Nest Architects principal Emilio Fuscaldo.
6 February 2014 — As reported on The Fifth Estate on 16 July last year, 8 Chifley Square is one of a new breed of buildings currently being introduced to the Sydney commercial market.
This new breed is providing the City of Sydney with ingenious and unorthodox designs that are leading the international field in sustainable building design in their technology and systems, along with the less tangible element of societal change.
18 December 2013 – NSW’s Building and Sustainability Index for new residential building is currently being reviewed, with a view to increasing targets for energy and water efficiency and thermal comfort.
The proposed targets, , expected to yield significant economic benefits, and supporting documents are now out for public comment until 31 January 2014.


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Interuppter – Digital Bike Bell2012
The Interuppter aids cyclists and pedestrians ride and walk around campus safely. The system consists of an enhanced bicycle bell and mobile application which allow pedestrians and cyclists, respectively, to send each other messages that use audio, visual, and vibration feedback to alert other users in environments that might be distracting or noisy.
Visit the project website to see our process, progress reports, and usability findings.
||I was a team member on this project and contributed to all parts of the project including defining user requirements, understanding the problem, designing a system, developing a Wizard of Oz prototype, experiment design, and presentation of findings.
||At Georgia Tech, the increasing presence of cyclists presents new challenges for everyone in the community, especially pedestrians. While traveling on campus, everyone must be more vigilant about the presence of other modes of transit to avoid incidents. Since the number of on-campus cyclists is growing rapidly, it is unlikely that other non-cyclists are used to dealing with such a large population of cyclists at once. It is imperative that systems be created that help both cyclists and pedestrians interact with each other. For these reasons, we decided to develop a prototype called the “Interruptor” to help cyclists and pedestrians ride and walk around campus safely. The system consists of an enhanced bicycle bell and mobile application which allow pedestrians and cyclists, respectively, to send each other messages that use audio, visual, and vibration feedback to alert other users in environments that might be distracting or noisy. Additionally, we expand upon the “Collaborative Game” idea that we developed during our earlier design stages and include it as a feature of our prototype. In addition to sending each other messages, pedestrians and cyclists will also have the ability to gain, lose, reward, and punish other users of the “Interruptor” in the form of points.
The process consisted of the following steps:
1) Defining a problem
2) Identifying the users (interviews, focus groups, and surveys) and their wants/needs
3) Understanding the environment (competitive analysis, why the problem was occurring)
4) Developing a prototype
5) Formative evaluations (user studies, think-alouds, surveys)
View Progress Report 1 - Understanding the Problem
View Progress Report 2 - Design Alternatives
View Progress Report 3 - System prototype and evaluation plan
View Progress Report 4 - Evaluating the System
View the Final Prototype & Evaluation for the Interrupter

domain: design


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On Tuesday September 8, a screening of the original 1954 version of Godzilla, titled “Gojira,” was held in the Chapman Auditorium. The event preceded a lecture on Wednesday by Bill Tsutsui, President of Hendrix College and the western world’s top Godzilla expert, titled “The Cosmic Meaning of the “˜Godzilla’ Movies. The events were coordinated by Trinity’s EAST (East Asian Studies) program and were free and open to the public.
“We have a First Year Experience seminar called “˜Being Young in Asia.’ We talk about Japanese, Korean and Chinese culture [“¦] So, one of the first things we are doing is bringing in this series about Godzilla with Dr. Tsutsui. He explains things about Godzilla and how it has been exploited,” said Donald Clark, one of six professors teaching the “˜Being Young in Asia’ First Year Experience.
According to Clark, “Godzilla” was not originally meant to be a simple monster movie designed to terrify audiences and have a happy ending.
“This movie was made as a nuclear protest in Japan. [“¦] It’s about Japan [and] it’s full of Japanese disaster tropes. [“¦] It is a powerful movie and very important in Japan. [In our course] we talk about how East Asian popular culture goes around the world and, in order to do that it has to be commodified, it can’t be something that is going to upset people. That’s how the Godzilla movie turned into a monster movie with a happy ending.”
According to Clark, in order for “˜Godzilla’ to sell in America, it had to be “˜sanitized’ of its anti-nuclear war message. In the American version of the film, the monster is even attributed heroic characteristics, which was far from being the case in the original version. The purpose of the film screening and the lecture was to shed light on the way cultural products are modified and stripped of their original message in order to be appealing to different sets of consumers.
Bill Tsutsui is an expert on Japanese pop culture and has given over a hundred talks on “˜Godzilla’ over the past decade.
“The original movie was something special. It was very serious [and] somber, and it’s still remarkably moving. [“¦] The basic story is a pretty simple one: a mysterious creature is disrupting shipping and terrorizing a small island, south of Japan. Japanese scientists investigate and discover that there’s a surviving dinosaur rendered huge and radioactive by South Pacific H-Bomb testing. The monster then, for no particular reason, turns its sight on Tokyo, laying waste to the city in a series of horrifying nighttime raids. Ultimately the monster is stopped by a secret weapon developed by a noble Japanese scientist who kills himself and takes the secret of that super-weapon with him to his grave in order to rid the world of Godzilla.”
Tsutsui has written books about Japanese popular culture as well as solely about “˜Godzilla.’ He did his undergraduate studies at Harvard University, majoring in East Asian Studies; has two master’s degrees from Oxford and Princeton, and a PhD from Princeton. He speaks about “˜Godzilla’ to audiences ranging from elementary school children to college students and TedEX events.
“Godzilla is real and Godzilla is cosmic. [“¦] Over the past six decades, Godzilla has starred in thirty movies, twenty eight made in Japan by Toho Studios, and two in Hollywood. [“¦] Thus now is as good a time as any to reflect on Godzilla. What is the deal with this radioactive lizard who seems to love nothing better than destroying Tokyo? Why does this cinematic monster continue to stir our imaginations and attract audiences? Why do fans still enjoy watching an actor in a rubber suit stomping the heck out of toy cities?” said Tsutsui.
The Godzilla franchise has not only found extreme success in movies, but also theme parks, toys, promotional spots for fast food chains and comic books. According to Tsutsui, the reason for this monster’s success for so many decades has to do with its adaptability to different audiences and issues over time.
“Over time the films took on a range of timely themes that were of concern to Japanese society: the Cold War, nuclear testing, memories of World War II, vulnerability in international relations, government corruption, the rising influence of large corporations, consumerism and the blossoming of a mass market economy, pollution, urbanization, school bullying, generational change and nationalism,” said Tsutsui
Godzilla as a character, Tsutsui pointed out, has remained remarkably flexible as well. It was able to adapt to the shifts of markets in post-war Japan. It addressed the needs of a wide range of movie audiences from children to adults, and has remained a timeless character in pop culture.
“The monster grew larger as Japanese skylines grew, then he got even larger when he came to Hollywood, and the tone of the films could change based on the tone of the times. [“¦] Godzilla is [also] effectively un-ageing, and that explains his staying power as a celebrity. Godzilla is constantly refreshed [“¦] and avoided the ravages of time and mortality.” said Tsutsui
The last reasons why Godzilla has remained popular over time is that it embodies character traits and values that audiences find appealing. It also appeals to the worldly love of dinosaurs and the unknown.
“Notably, most of the films come down to simple story lines of good versus evil. In the first movie, Godzilla is the threat, but in the later films he really becomes a defender of Japan and a defender of humanity; a hero who audiences root for. Godzilla is, when all is said and done, a big irradiated dinosaur from Japan, and the world, especially children, has consistently just loved dinosaurs. [“¦]”said Tsutsui
By appealing to the most basic senses of human nature, Godzilla was, and will continue to be, a great success among audiences of all ages, inspiring both fear and delight in viewers all around the globe.
“The exuberance, the cathartic nature of the destruction, all are just enjoyable to watch, whether you are six years old or sixty. Godzilla is the outrageous guy that breaks all the rules and gets away with it, the walking disaster who leaves a trail of devastation behind him, and inspires not just fear and loathing, but also admiration, awe, and an odd tingle of delight.” said Tsutsui

domain: artistic


Hunting | Shooting
Premium Select Supplies offers a great selection of shooting accessories. We are now stocking Browning Gun Accessories, everything from gun cases and pouches to magazines and sight rings.
We also offer Boyt shooting bags which are great for storing and transporting all your firearms whether a handgun or long gun. We also stock a wide variety of gun holsters made by Browning.
We also stock a wide variety of Carlson's Choke Tubes, Hogue grips, UTG Leapers, Meprolight and LaserMax products.


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KEOKUK - More than 1,000 students in 20 high school choirs from Keokuk and the Tri-State area will perform at Power City Classic, Keokuk High School's show choir invitational, from 7:30 a.m. to 11 p.m. Saturday at Keokuk High School, 2285 Middle Road.
Singers and dancers will compete for top honors in each division.
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It’s that time again! Another feature of a fabulous traveler living and studying abroad. I’m pleased to introduce you to Nicole Brewer (who blogs at ILove2GlobeTrot), after you read about her experiences why not check out her blog and see a few more of the places she’s been?
Where are you currently living and how long have you been there?
I’m currently located in Nizwa, Oman going on my second year teaching English here as a lecturer.
What made you decide to start studying abroad?
After teaching English a few years in South Korea (after being laid off from my market research job and being fed up with the down economy back home), I decided to go back to school in Germany to get my MA in International Humanitarian Action.
How long have you been living outside of the USA and how do you think you have changed since becoming an expat?
I have been living outside of the US for over 5 years now. I feel that being an expat has made me a more well-rounded individual. I’m able to adapt to new surroundings and have more compassion for people outside of my culture after immersing myself into theirs.
How many different countries have you lived/studied in and did you speak the language of those countries before you moved?
I’ve lived in 4 countries (South Korea, Germany, South Africa and Oman). I studied both in Germany and South Africa. I only picked up some Korean and a few words in German as it was not necessary to be fluent in another language while living there, not to mention I’ve always worked and/or studied for my MA making it difficult to find the time to devote to learn a language fully.
How is your daily life different now than it was when you lived in the States?
I feel that I’m truly living in my life’s purpose while teaching, immersing myself in different cultures and now writing about my experiences traveling and being an expat on my site I Luv 2 Globe Trot. I’m happy to be inspiring others to live a life outside of the ordinary.
Are there any customs from the countries you’ve lived in that you now incorporate in your daily life?
I’ve said since living in Oman, that I’m a true Omani at heart since I take my afternoon naps during the peak time of day after work since it’s so hot here lol. There are some words that I’ve picked up in both Korean and German that sort of rolls of the tongue while I’m doing things now too.
How is being Black different overseas than it is in America?
I personally don’t feel like it’s a Huge difference being a Black person while I’ve lived abroad compared to home. You will have to deal with stereotypes and bias where ever you go in the world to some degree, but the beauty of being an expat is the fact that I know I’m making a difference to dispel some of these things as locals get to know me and see me for who I really am…a human being regardless of race.

domain: geography


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Yarns to Love
Pattern Scout: 8 Dreamy Designs for Kidsilk Haze
It really is the most fantastical yarn, Rowan Kidsilk Haze. We’ve loved it for 20 years now, and it’s a yarn we return to time and again. If you’ve never tried this yarn, which combines silk and an airy halo of mohair, well, maybe this is your day to go for it. We have dozens of colors (see the gallery above) in the Shop.
Belinda Wrap by Ann Shayne
At Vogue Knitting Live, our venerable Belinda Wrap came along for the ride, because Rowan is celebrating the 20th anniversary of Kidsilk Haze.
It was so fun. Everybody loved trying it on and swooshing about in this airy concoction. It’s so easy to pack—it collapses into a tiny ball—and it was a toasty insulator, given the nature of mohair and silk fibers.
It’s two rectangles and a simple yarnover pattern. Mesmerizing.
Dusking by Kiyomi Burgin
Exquisite is the word. This simple pullover, worked in the round, begins at the top with four strands of silk mohair yarn, then reduces the number of strands along the way until the hem is a single strand. The sleeves likewise diminish to a filmy cuff, just gorgeous.
Dusking appears in Cosmology Daruma Collection 2022, a lovely hardcover book published by the Japanese yarn company Daruma. The designers starring in this collection of eight designs are Kioymi and Sachiko Burgin, two of the most original designers we know. (It was a thrill to meet them last fall at the Wool & Folk festival!)
Note that you’ll need the following number of balls of Kidsilk Haze to make Dusking (the yarn specified in the pattern has a different yardage per ball):
XS: 8. S: 8. M: 9. L: 10. XL: 11. 2XL: 12. 3XL: 12. 3XL: 13. 4XL: 14.
Wisp by Cheryl Niamath
When 5,500 knitters have posted their projects on Ravelry, you can be sure you’re seeing a beloved pattern. This design appeared in 2007 on Knitty.com, and it’s still there, a free pattern, and a perfect use of Kidsilk Haze.
Two balls of Kidsilk Haze yield a rectangle of fishnet lace and garter stitch that, with the help of a row of lightweight buttons, can be worn as a scarf, a cowl, or a wrap around the shoulders.
Everyday Wrap by Julie Weisenberger
The brilliant mind behind Cocoknits gives us her elemental take on working with Kidsilk Haze. Stockinette on a size 8 (5 mm) needle. Hold two strands together. The result: the piece you’ll reach for all the time. Everyday Wrap is a free pattern, such a lovely design.
Oh, the marling possibilities! Two balls of two colors will do it.
Seascape Stole by Kieran Foley
If you haven’t discovered Kieran Foley’s astounding designs, here’s the place to start. It’s a free pattern, and what a cool use of Kidsilk Haze.
Shifting yarnovers create waves in this stunner. Three balls make a voluminous but light wrap. If you’re wondering what color to use, 1,800 Ravelry projects will give you an idea or 200.
River by Sharon Miller
Perfectly airy, ball gown optional. These shawls can dress up or down, but for us, we don’t wait for a fancy occasion—a wrap like River is a daily pleasure.
Seasoned Rowanettes will remember the splash River made when it debuted in 2005. This is a two-ball project.
Horai Scarf by Hiroko Fukatsu
This ingenious stitch creates a geometric floral pattern that we adore.
You’ll need six balls—the yarn is held double and the dimensions are generous. Check out the other patterns in the designer’s Please Don’t Eat the Daisies collection here. Brilliant and beautiful.
White Rabbit Wristees by Tiny Owl Knits
Maybe you’re wishing for a taste of Kidsilk Haze, a little project to try it out? Here you go.
Squee! Here’s a way to use up precious Kidsilk Haze leftovers, or to make many friends happy and matchy if you pick up two colors you like together and knit a whole batch.
So: which one catches your eye? For us, we wish we had another few pairs of hands to make them all.


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Netflix’s heartfelt documentary explores the lasting relationship between two ladies who stayed into the closet for more than 60 years.
The couple came across in 1947, at a hockey rink in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Terry Donahue had recently relocated to your U.S. To relax and play baseball — in a skirt — for the All-American Girls Professional Baseball that is now-famed League. Pat Henschel ended up being a sinewy farm kid from a home that is turbulent. They dropped in love, their swoony adoration immortalized in clandestine letters one to the other aided by the signatures torn through the base for the pages so no body could identify the authors later. Their passion needed to remain concealed from their loved ones: these were both ladies.
A Secret Love, director Chris Bolan not only chronicles the 62 wonderful and heartbreaking years the pair lived as spouses while remaining closeted, but also centers their experience within queer North American history, contextualizing their choice to hide their love from everyone but close friends in the LGBTQ community with his triumphant Netflix documentary.


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Ceramic repairer: the woman who glued the pieces – Since she was a little girl, Sophie Thrushe Rouleau is a tinker. She was trying to repair all the objects that fell on her hand. This autodidact was apprenticed for two years at Mr Fix It, a Montreal repair shop, before opening her own workshop.
Sophie Thrushe Rouleau carries out a profession as rare as necessary: it restores ceramic and porcelain objects. From the Cove of a cup of dish service having belonged to your grandmother to the rare object of a collection passing through the trinket reported travel, virtually everything is repaired! Portrait of a passionate person who makes many happy by gluing the pieces.
It specializes in parts of ceramic, porcelain, plaster and ivory as well as certain stones. The majority of the objects that are brought to it have sentimental value for their owners. We do not always restore the objects because they are expensive, but rather because they are attached.
Moreover, Sophie Thrushe does not want to touch the museum pieces or those of great value. She prefers everyday objects, those who have lived and beautiful stories. She remembers for example the restoration of a small porcelain sheep that had been bought at the store at $1. This trinket had been the last gift offered by a child to his grandfather before he died. A member of the family disbursed $125 to have Sophie repaired.
Among the unusual items she was asked to restore, she also remembers lids of old toilet tanks.
Before bringing an object
Sophie Thrushe Rouleau does not advise people to try to reattach a broken object themselves. The glues sold in hardware are not strong and yellow over time. Moreover, a poorly glued object will cost more to restore since it must take off.
She suggests packing each piece separately and not putting them all in the same bag. The ceramic is very fragile and the friction of the different pieces against each other can cause even more damage. Important thing to know, it is often possible to rebuild a missing piece.
Ceramic repairer different types of restoration
The restorative offers three types of intervention: basic restoration (simple gluing), restoration for use (trim edge, for example, but caution: no glue can be in contact with food or go to the oven) and restoration Illusionist, more complex, which gives the object its original shape and where it is impossible to see the interventions.
It is also important to know that this kind of work is long, a drying time for glue goes from seven days to a month. Sophie Thrushe Rouleau also proposes the Kintsugi Japanese restoration method, which consists of accentuating the traces of breakage or cracks with metallic powder.


1 person sent to hospital after collision on Russell Cave Road
Police say 1 car tried to make a u-turn
LEXINGTON, Ky. (WTVQ) – 1 person was sent to the hospital after a car crash on Russell Cave Road Sunday afternoon.
Lexington Police say they responded to a collision around 12: 47 p.m.
Police say 1 car tried to make a u-turn.
Another car didn’t see the driver making a u-turn and crashed into them.
1 passenger was injured, police say they are serious injuries but non life threatening. That person was taken to the hospital.
Police say there were other minor injuries.
The driver of the car that hit the car making the u-turn was arrested for driving without a license and for an outstanding warrant.


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7 The sick man answered him, “Sir, I have no one to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up, and while I am going another steps down before me.” 8 Jesus said to him, r“Get up, take up your bed, and walk.” 9 rAnd at once the man was healed, and he took up his bed and walked.
sNow that day was the Sabbath.
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domain: literature


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Small Business Reacts to Obamacare Ruling (Update 1)
(Small business, Supreme Court health care ruling story updated for comment from business owners)
NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- Although Thursday's Supreme Court decision to uphold President Obama's health care law was somewhat surprising -- and led to outcry from some groups representing business owners -- small businesses by and large are resigned to the law and preparing to move ahead with the required health care changes.
The controversial Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 brought before the U.S. Supreme Court by 26 states and several advocacy groups was upheld in a ruling announced Thursday morning.
The court ruled that the law's individual mandate survived as a tax. The Medicaid provision was limited but not invalidated.


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Super Mario Super Land is a Super Mario platform game for the Nintendo 3DS that stars all the classic Mario characters, such as Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach, Bowser, the Toads, and Yoshi, but also features Princess Daisy, Wario, Waluigi, Toadette and Rosalina. The game is a sequel to Super Mario 3D Land.
One day, in the Mushroom Kingdom, Mario, Luigi and Peach were relaxing and enjoying a beautiful day at the beach, when out of the waves comes a giant tank which starts to cause havoc on the beach. The tank happens to belong to Bowser, who has come to capture the heroes, and not just Peach this time. He manages to capture Peach and Luigi, but Mario escapes. Mario laters teams up with Princess Daisy and Toadette and Rosalina, and they set off on their latest adventure. However, Wario and Waluigi happen to be spying on them, and they plan to raid Bowser's Castle to plunder whatever treasure he may have, so they follow behind our heroes on their quest. After trekking through the first world and reaching the first castle, Mario, Daisy, Toadette and Rosalina find Luigi and Peach, who are trapped in a flying cage guarded by Shadow Mario, Bowser Jr.'s alter ego. They easily stomp the evil doppelganger and rescue their allies. After Luigi gets some consoling from his brother, and Peach says "Thank You!" for being rescued once again, they join Mario and the other three heroines on their adventure when they see a massive fleet of airships overhead, ready to terrorize the kingdom.
The game plays like Super Mario 3D Land, but with some new features and power-ups. The player can choose to play as 6 characters, which are Mario, Daisy, Toadette, Rosalina, and after a certain condition in the game is met, Luigi and Peach can be played as, too. Yoshi can be found and ridden on in certain levels, and when a level is completed with him, he can carried over to another level, just like in Super Mario World. In this game, each character has a health meter, and they can pick up power-ups for different effects. If they are hit while carrying the properties of a second power-up, they will revert back into their Super Mushroom form. If they are hit in their Super Mushroom form, they will turn small. If they are hit while they're small, their health meter will decrease by a certain amount, depending on the strength of the enemy, stage hazard or enemy attack that hit them. If they lose all their health, a life is lost. The loss of the last life will result in a Game Over, and the level they lost their last life on will have to be redone from the start, even if a checkpoint was reached. The characters can regain health by collecting coins, which, when 100 are collected, will grant an extra life. Each level also contains 3 Star Medals to collect, which are mandatory to unlock extra content, open up the levels of World Ultimaster, and gain acess to Bowser's and Nega Rosalina's palaces. Each world has 6 regular levels, and in each world (expect for World Ultimaster), there's a fortress containing a mini-boss. Also, in each world (again, expect for World Ultimaster), there's a castle containing a major boss. After the castles in World 4 and World 7 are completed, they are followed by levels that take place on one of Bowser's airships, and both airships have a battle with Bowser Jr. at the end. After the castle of World 8 is cleared, and after the last regular level in World Ultimaster is beaten, they are followed by palaces, which are like castles, only they are not as plentiful, they are shorter, though more dangerous, and at the end of them, the game's strongest bosses are encountered (Bowser is encountered at the end of World 8's palace, serving as the Final Boss of the game, and a mysterious being made from all the evil in the Mushroom Kingdom called Nega Rosalina is fought at the end of World Ultimaster's palace as the game's Super Boss). When the Final Boss is beat, the regular ending is shown. When the Super Boss is beat, an extra ending is shown.
Koopalings (Ludwig, Lemmy, Roy, Iggy, Wendy O., Morton Jr. and Larry)
Yoshi (ridden on)
Playable Character differences
Mario: Great jumping, great traction, moderate speed, moderate strength, and capable of the Spin Jump move. Mario is the balanced default character.
Luigi: Best jumping abilities, highest speed, low traction, low strength, and capable of the Super Jump move. He's a more fast-paced character than Mario.
Princess Daisy: Good jumping abilties, great speed, highest strength, moderate traction, and capable of the Shock Tremor move. She's a powerhouse character.
Toadette: Subpar jumping abilities, great speed, moderate traction, high strength, and capable of the Toadstool Charm move. She's a character who plays defensively.
Peach: Subpar jumping abilities, moderate speed, lowest strength, great traction, and capable of the Heart Parasol move. Her unique move makes her a good character for crossing large gaps.
Rosalina: Great jumping, moderate speed, high strength, great traction, and capable of the Shooting Star move. She's both a nimble and powerful character.
Power-Ups and Effects
Super Mushroom: Makes characters grow when they're small.
Fire Flower: Grants Mario bouncing fireballs, gives Daisy a fireball rope, gives Toadette a fire bomb attack, gives Rosalina a spread fire star shot attack, gives Luigi flying fireballs (like the ones he uses in the Super Smash Bros. series) and gives Peach a fire tornado attack.
Ice Flower: Grants Mario bouncing ice balls, gives Daisy an ice body dash attack (which is like Ice Mario in Super Mario Galaxy, only Daisy will turn her body to ice for short period of time whenever she uses her ice attack), gives Toadette a rolling snow ball attack, gives Rosalina an icicle star shield, gives Luigi flying ice balls, and gives Peach a freezing air spread attack.
Super Leaf: Grants Mario, Luigi and Toadette flight, tail whipping and slow descending abilities, grants Peach the ability to float for a short period of time (like in Super Mario Bros. 2 USA), grants Daisy the Tail Twister ability, and grants Rosalina the ability to glide and perform a single aerial jump.
Frog Suit: Grants any character the ability to hop on land and have more control when swimming underwater.
Tanooki Suit: Much like the Raccoon Suit, but whatever stone ability can be used depends on the character. Tanooki Mario can turn into an invincible statue that can make shockwaves, Tanooki Daisy can turn into a stone fist that charges forward, Tanooki Toadette can use Rock Mario's ability from Super Mario Galaxy 2, Tanooki Rosalina can surround herself with rocks to shield herself and throw at enemies, Tanooki Luigi can turn into a giant statue that can scare off some enemies, and Tanooki Peach can turn into a statue that can use a spin attack.
Hammer Bros. Suit: Gives Mario the hammer lob, gives Daisy the skipping hammers, gives Toadette one big and powerful, but slow hammer, gives Rosalina a hammer star spin, gives Luigi straight forward hammer throws, and gives Peach a hammer spread move.
Boomerang Flower: Gives Mario the horizontal boomerang throw, gives Daisy the homing boomerang, gives Toadette the boomerang spin swing, gives Rosalina the boomerang force field, gives Luigi the vertical boomerang throw, and gives Peach the three-direction boomerangs.
Mega Mushroom: Makes any character giant, invincible and capable of destroying nearly everything in their path temporarily.
Mini Mushroom: Makes any character tiny and able to squeeze through tight spaces, run on water and dash up walls, but more vulnerable.
Metal Mushroom: Makes any character metal and capable of taking lots of hits before being powered down, but decreases their jump height and increases their falling speed.
Gravity Mushroom: Makes any character able to jump even higher and farther than before, but decreases their falling speed and their walking and running speeds.
Speed Mushroom: Makes any character able to walk and run alot faster and jump farther, but decreases their traction.
Penguin Suit: It has all the features of the Ice Flowers, and even gives each character their unique ice abilities, but also allows them to walk on ice without their movement being hindered by the slippery terrain.
Cape: A rare power-up that gives each character the Cape flight, slow descent, ground dive and Cape spin abilities from Super Mario World, and also gives them different abilities. Cape Mario can do a chain of punches that ends with an uppercut, Cape Daisy can do a flying bicycle kick, Cape Toadette can do a head charge which ends with her tripping, Rosalina can release cosmic energy waves from her hands by throwing her palms forward, Cape Luigi can use his running multi-punch attack (from the Super Smash Bros. series) which ends with a simultaneous double punch (like in Super Smash Bros. Brawl), and Cape Peach can lift enemies up into the air without touching them and throw them.
Starman: Makes any character temporarily invincible and increases their walking and running speeds.
Inferno Flower: A rare power-up that makes any character temporarily light ablaze and gives them their unique fire abilities, and makes them immune to fire hazards and lava. After they cool down, they become their regular Fire forms.
Bowser Suit: A rare power-up that makes any character transform into Bowser and become indestructible (even to getting crushed and falling into lava, though falling into death pits can still KO the character using the suit) for a short period of time.
Rainbow Star: A rare power-up that makes any character indestructible to everything (except for falling into death pits), increases their speed, jump height and jump length, and allows them to fly, all for a certain period of time.
World 1 Fortress Boss: Larry Koopa
World 1 Castle Boss: Shadow Mario
World 2 Fortress Boss: Morton Koopa Jr.
World 2 Castle Boss: Thwomp Golem
World 3 Fortress Boss: Wendy O. Koopa
World 3 Castle Boss: Leviooper
World 4 Fortress Boss: Iggy Koopa
World 4 Castle Boss: Megaton Wrench
World 4 Airship Boss: Bowser Jr. and Mecha Bowser Jr.
World 5 Fortress Boss: Roy Koopa
World 5 Castle Boss: Comb-ust
World 6 Fortress Boss: Lemmy Koopa
World 6 Castle Boss: Filthy Richy
World 7 Fortress Boss: Ludwig Von Koopa
World 7 Castle Boss: Wattsofunny
World 7 Airship Boss: Bowser Jr. and Clown Cloud
World 8 Fortress Boss: Kamek, Boom Boom and Pom Pom
World 8 Castle Boss: Wario and Waluigi and Plunderbot
World 8 Palace Boss(Final Boss): Bowser
World Ultimaster Palace Boss(Super Boss): Nega Rosalina
World 1: Ripple Route
World 2: Granola Gorge
World 3: Sushi Shore
World 4: Truffle Terminal
World 5: Waffle Wastes
World 6: Danish Dimension
World 7: Cream Carnival
World 8: Badlands of Bowser
World Ultimaster: Final Frontier
- Each character can change the colours of their outfits.
- This game has a difficulty setting. There are three difficulties at first, which are Easy Mode (which is represented by a Mushroom), Medium Mode (which is represented by a Starman), and Hard Mode (which is represented by a Bowser Jr. symbol). When the game is beaten on Hard Mode, the fourth difficulty, Intense Mode (which is represented by a Bowser symbol) is unlocked. Basically, when the game is set on the higher difficulties, the enemies become more difficult to get around, more hazards are placed around the levels, and the bosses are more of a challenge. However, when the game is played on Easy Mode, the Final Boss and World Ultimaster cannot be accessed. Technically, the final boss in Easy Mode is Wario, Waluigi and Plunderbot, because while Bowser is encountered near the end of the World 8 Palace in a manner similar to the original Super Mario Bros., he is more of an obstacle at that point than a boss, and after he falls off the bridge and plunges into the lava, Easy Mode ends there with no ending or credits and doesn't let the player proceed to the real Final Boss battle, followed by the game telling the player to try the stage on a higher difficulty setting.
- After the game is completed 100% once, an option to make the characters infinitely invincible in any stage becomes available in the Options menu. Activating this will modify the stages to make them a bit more challenging for the infinitely invincible characters. However, this only works on Game Files that have been completed 100%, however, so it's only good for if the player wants to do an "Invincible Mode" run on their completed file.
- Up to 4 players can play locally in the Story Mode or the Battle Modes (Coin, Balloon and Race) for double, triple or quadruple the fun. Up to 6 players can join the excitement online, allowing all 6 playable characters to appear on the screen at once.
- Turning the 3D on during gameplay will result in some eye-popping visual effects and influence the stage layouts in certain ways.
- Wario and Waluigi are enemies in this game instead of playable characters because they are Mario and Luigi's rivals, and it's likely that they would travel across the continent to Bowser's home just for treasure.
- This is the first Mario game to have more playable female characters than playable male characters. Mario and Luigi make up the entire roster of playable males (unless Yoshi counted, since he can be controlled while one of the characters is riding him), while the females (Daisy, Toadette, Rosalina and Peach) make up the rest of the roster.
- This is the first time since Super Mario World where Ludwig Von Koopa breathes fire.
- This is the first game where Bowser actually uses his bridge destroying switches himself.
- The Super Boss, Nega Rosalina, has a striking resemblence to the Shadow Queen from Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door.
- Princess Peach is rescued in this game faster than she is in other Mario games; she is rescued at the end of World 1 as opposed to being rescued at the end of the game.
- This is the first time Toadette and Rosalina are playable in a platform game.
- In one of Rosalina's alternate outfits, she looks like the White Mage, and in one of Luigi's alternate outfits, he looks like the Black Mage.
- This is the first game where the Koopalings are just mini bosses instead of regular bosses. They may have been demoted after their many failures.
- Unlike other Mario platformer titles, the word "Super" is used twice.
- The reason the Palaces have shorter pathways to the bosses than the Castles, Fortresses and Airships is because room needed to be made for the lengthy boss battles with Bowser and Nega Rosalina.
- This game's health meter is not present in any other Mario game with the classic Super Mario Bros. health system.

domain: entertainment


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Hi my name is Samantha. I am the other half of the fabulous duo and me and Raven are amazing dogs to walk. I am gentle and sweet. I am very laid back. I am house and crate trained. I am an easy going girl who gets along well with everyone I meet (including all dogs, cats and kids). I do need to go to a home with my sister Raven. UPDATE: Although it would be ideal and totally great if I could find a home with my sister, Raven and we walk so good together, never pulling when we walk, as it turns out I do pretty good without her too.
Or you can Make a Donation and help us take care of Samantha

domain: pet


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If you’re a new plant parent looking for some easy houseplants to look after, then this post is for you. Below sharing 10 houseplants which I’ve personally found easy to care for.
We’ve all killed plants before, there’s no shame in this. But don’t let a few unfortunate fatalities put you off being a plant parent. Like anything, being a plant parent takes patience and practice, and of course a bit of research on your part.
The plants in this post aren’t necessarily “unkillable”, but from my experience they have proven easy houseplants and haven’t required a huge amount of attention. I’m a proud plant parent to all 10 of these plants and from experience I can say that these plants have been very easy to care for.
10 Easy Houseplants
1. Peace Lily
Peace Lilies are by far one of the easiest plants to look after. I currently have four of them, and they are all looking very healthy! The good thing with Peace Lilies is that they will tell you when they need more water. Their leaves will droop down when they’re thirsty and lift back up when they’re happy. Water your Peace Lily at least once a week, if it’s in a sunnier spot then water more regularly. Making sure the top of the soil doesn’t dry out.
2. ZZ Plant
ZZ Plants are they are very easy to care for and are perfect for new plant parents. They’re happy anywhere from low to bright light, so you really don’t need to worry about it once you bring it home. The worst thing you can do for your ZZ Plant is over water it. Basically, the best way to care for your ZZ plant is to forget you have one.
Monstera, also known as The Swiss Cheese plant is an easy house plant to care for, as long as it is kept moist and placed in a warm position. I water my Monstera once a week when the soil has started to dry out. To keep your Monstera happy, keep it in a warm position with bright indirect light and wipe the leaves occasionally to remove dust.
4. Prayer plant
Prayer Plants are another easy house plant to look after, I’ve had mine for over a year now and I’ve never experienced any problems. Prayer Plants prefer to be kept in bright indirect sunlight, I have mine on a shelf near a bright window. They should be kept moist, but not soggy, I water mine about once a week. To keep it looking healthy, you should also wipe the leaves occasionally to remove any dust.
Pilea Peperomioides, also known as the Chinese Money Plant or Pass-It-On-Plant is another easy house plant to look after. Similar to a Peace lily, the Pilea’s leaves will droop if the plant needs to be watered. I water my Pilea once a week when the soil has begun to dry out.
6. Spider Plant
Spider Plants are another easy house plant to care for. Make sure you keep them well watered, I usually water mine a couple of times a week, and less than this in winter. They prefer bright indirect light, I have mine hanging in the middle of a bright room. Spider Plants can tolerate some shade, however this will slow it’s growth rate.
7 Satin Pothos
Not only does the Satin Pothos make a beautiful hanging or trailing plant, but it’s also an easy house plant to care for. I water my Satin Pothos about once a week and currently have it hanging in our bright hallway, so it receives bright indirect sunlight. Too much water will kill this plant, so make sure you don’t over-water it.
8. Snake Plant
Snake Plants are easy to care for house plants as they don’t need a lot of water and can be left alone for weeks. You’re more likely to kill a snake plant by over watering it rather than not watering it enough. I water my snake plant every 3 weeks or so, and allow the water to completely drain through before putting the plant back into the planter.
9. String of pearls
String of Pearls is a type of succulent and stores water in it’s leaves, which makes them easy to look after as they are very drought tolerant. Allow the soil to dry out between watering and don’t let the plant sit in water. They prefer bright indirect light, I keep mine on a shelf near a bright window.
10. Monstera adansonii
Monstera adansonii, also known as Philodendron Monkey Mask. It’s care requirements are the same as it’s close relative Swiss Cheese Plant (Monstera deliciosa). It’s easy to care for as long as it’s kept it in warm and moist conditions. From my experience it’s a fast grower and looks great trailing from a shelf.
Which of these 10 easy houseplants is your favourite? Comment below!
For more plant care tips, check out A-Z Houseplant Care and follow Those Positive Plants on Instagram.

domain: biology


Slang word for Magazine.
The Definition of Mag
Slang word for Magazine.
19 Other Firearms Definitions You Need To Know
Refers to a revolver frame that has no top-strap over the cylinder.
An extra flange behind the bolt handle, at the rear of a bolt action receiver (notably the Mauser Model 1898), which uses the bolt handle as an extra locking surface in the extremely unlikely event of forward bolt lug failure.
A heat-treating process that incorporates carbon into the surface molecular structure of the steel, providing a hard-wearing surface without making the entire receiver brittle. The parts to be casehardened are packed in a crucible with carbon-rich media such as bone meal and charcoal, heated to bright orange, about 1800°F, then quenched in bubbling oil. Also called Carbonizing.
The bevelled portion of the rifling at the rear end of the barrel (and the forward portion of the chamber) where the bullet first engages the lands.
A railgun is an electrically powered electromagnetic projectile launcher based on similar principles to the homopolar motor.
An external, passive safety which can be found on the face of some trigger designs (most notably found on Glock firearms). It is intended to prevent the trigger from being pulled by objects which find their way into the trigger guard area.
In the rifling of a bore, the uncut portions of the barrel's inner surface left after the rifling grooves have been cut into the metal. In other words, the raised portion of rifling.
Slang for a full metal jacket bullet with a round nose. The term is most commonly used in referring to .45 ACP caliber ammunition, but may be used for other calibers as well.
A popular but imprecise term used to refer to the ability of a small arms cartridge to cause a human assailant or an animal to be immediately incapacitated when shot with it. A more precise term is be Wound Trauma Incapacitation (WTI).
The action of an external hammer pinching or poking the web of the operator's shooting hand between the thumb and fore-finger when the gun is fired.
A handgun or rifle shooting sport in which the competitors attempt to knock over metallic game-shaped targets at various ranges.
A firing pin which moves freely forward and backward in the breechblock.
In the Weaver stance, the body is bladed partly sideways in relation to the target rather than squared towards it (think boxing or martial arts fighter stance). The elbows are flexed and pointed downward. The strong-side arm is slightly straighter than the weak-side arm. Even though the legs are not square to tharget, the hips should be square to the target. The feet should be pointed at the target. The shooter pushes out with the gun hand, while the weak hand pulls back. This produces a push-pull tension which is the chief defining characteristic of the Weaver stance.
The process of a bullet expanding under pressure to fit the bore of the firearm, or a cartridge case expanding under pressure to seal the chamber.
A hollow, piece of metal (or plastic in the case of a shotgun shell) that is closed on one end except for a small hole which holds a primer. The open end holds the bullet. The hollow portion holds the powder. Together the assembled unit is called a cartridge.
A small orifice at the breech end of the barrel of a muzzle-loading firearm through which the exploding priming charge is conducted from the flash pan to the main charge.
An offset of a gun stock to the right, so
that the line of sight aligns comfortably with the right eye while the butt of the stock
rests comfortably on the right shoulder. Almost all right-handed shooters benefit from a
little castoff and most custom built guns are made this way. The only question is how
much. The castoff of a gun is about right when, with the gun comfortably mounted, the
front bead lines up with the center of the standing breech.
Slang term for a firearm sound suppressor. The tunnel down the barrel of a firearm through which the projectiles travel.
Slang term for a firearm sound suppressor.
The tunnel down the barrel of a firearm through which the projectiles travel.
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Tosh.0: Episode Double Rainbow Guy (Retreat) Music & List of Songs
Release date: 8 September 2010
Director: Scott Zabielski
Writers: Brian Rubenstein , Charlie Siskel , Mike Gibbons , Joe Borden , Daniel Tosh , Nick Malis , Eddie Gossling , James Patton
Stars: Perez Hilton (Himself), Daniel Tosh (Himself - Host), Bear Vasquez (Himself - Double Rainbow Guy)
Daniel talks to his exact opposite, yells some ridiculous things and goes on a trip with the Double Rainbow Guy.


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Brisbane’s Ekka public holiday has been cancelled, with no date but set for a rescheduled day off. Get set to plan your subsequent trip with our new biosafety measures and onboard service enhancements. We’re right here to help along with your travel plans at each step of your journey, and reply your frequently requested questions. Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a rustic in Southeast Asia, between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
- If you would possibly be travelling within Wales or Scotland, you should proceed to put on a face masking whenever you’re at stations and whilst on board the train, because it remains obligatory.
- They come for the unique meals, music and tradition yearly, taking half in a serious part in a tourism and hospitality business that drives the New Orleans economic system.
- The first luxury resort to open within the tourist-dependent metropolis in northern Thailand because the pandemic slashed customer numbers, the Melia Chiang Mai hopes to spur a rebound in its fortunes.
- Our busy trains See how busy our most popular routes could be earlier than travelling.
- Buses will exchange late night time / early morning trains between Machynlleth and Aberystwyth.
- A replacement bus service will run from London Bridge to East Croydon and from London Bridge to Streatham Hill.
Following the federal government’s announcement that restrictions shall be easing in England on Monday 19 July, Avanti West Coast have elevated the provision of seats on board. We recommend that you just proceed to guide your tickets in advance and make a seat reservation to secure a place on your most well-liked practice. Bookings could be made up to five minutes before departure on the Avanti West Coast website or app. Train operator affectedCaledonian Sleeper;DescriptionCaledonian Sleeper are running practice companies on all their routes. Please proceed to wear a face masking on all LNER trains and of their stations, except exempt. Train occasions after this date haven’t yet been updated to mirror the amended timetable.
Airfare Hacks: The Means To Guide Business Class For Less And Scoop Up Tremendous Deals During Covid
Some weekend and late evening / early morning companies may be affected by engineering work so please examine journey planners and reside departure boards before commencing your journey. Train operator affectedc2c;Descriptionc2c are working a summer vacation timetable, to mirror the present passenger demand. Train operator affectedEurostar;DescriptionEurostar is adding more trains between the UK and the continent in response to growing demand. This follows the removal of quarantine for fully vaccinated travellers from France to the UK and the easing of restrictions for travel to Belgium and the Netherlands. The timetable will change again on Monday 6 September to support the return of faculties and faculties. Train operator affectedNorthern;DescriptionNorthern are working a timetable in line with present authorities pointers, passenger demand and workers availability.
Countries Beginning With G
Victoria’s three new circumstances of COVID-19 found in a family who returned from Sydney broke quarantine rules. The quarantine-free travel bubble between Victoria and New Zealand shall be paused tonight, the New Zealand authorities has introduced. Canada could begin permitting Australian travellers back into the country as early as September, if they have been absolutely vaccinated. Non-essential travel into Canada has been banned since March 2020, one thing the Canadian government mentioned was necessary to mitigate the unfold of COVID-19. Australia’s travel bubble with New Zealand is on the verge of popping, with South Australia added to the list of locked-out states. All passengers and crew needed to be absolutely vaccinated prior to boarding, while additional testing is in place throughout the vessel.

domain: travel


text:
Although we don't believe in timing the market or panicking over market movements, we do like to keep an eye on big changes -- just in case they're material to our investing thesis.
What: Shares of Rovi (NASDAQ: ROVI) jumped today by as much as 14% today after the company posted better-than-expected earnings results.
So what: Revenue in the third quarter came out to $169.6 million, which resulted in non-GAAP net income of $51.5 million, or $0.50 per share. That bottom-line profit was solidly ahead of the $0.38 per share adjusted profit that analysts were predicting, while the top line also beat.
Now what: The company continues to make progress on reducing costs, eliminating nearly $31 million in annualized costs this quarter. Rovi also dropped planned spending of $5 million, freeing up capital to invest in more pertinent strategic initiatives. Rovi also repurchased about 6 million shares during the quarter for approximately $90 million, leaving $223 million remaining in its existing repurchase authorization. Full-year revenue is predicted between $660 million and $670 million.
Interested in more info on Rovi? Add it to your watchlist by clicking here.

domain: economics


text:
Search the collections
Coin - Florin (2 Shillings), Royal Visit of Queen Elizabeth II, Australia, 1954 Reg. No: NU 4707
Florin (2 Shillings) Royal Visit Florin 1954
After much heated discussion the titles F:D:, removed at the start of the new reign, were returned to the obverse legend on the Royal visit florin in 1954. They were also returned to the regular coinage from 1955.
- A silver coin (28 mm diameter with milled edge) featuring on the obverse a laureate bust of Elizabeth II facing right; around, ELIZABETH II . DEI . GRATIA . REGINA . F:D: +
The reverse features a lion and a kangaroo standing together on a curved ground line facing right, around above, AUSTRALIA FLORIN; below in exergue, 1954. The artist's initials WLB in the ground below the front foot of the lion.
- Acquisition Information:
- Transfer from Melbourne Branch of Royal Mint, 1978
|Dimensions:||28.5 mm (Diameter)|
|Weight:||11.375 g (Weight)|
|Tagged with:||royal visit to australia 1954, royal visits, 1 shilling elizabeth ii australia 1954. bangladesh natore shanto 08801742466233, hi have a coin like this one, the other side is different 1965|
|Themes this item is part of:||Numismatics & Philately Collection, HM Queen Elizabeth II (1926- ), Melbourne Mint, Medal Makers, Victoria, Australia, Deputy Masters of the Melbourne Branch of the Royal Mint, Closure of Melbourne Mint, Melbourne Mint during World War II, Establishment of Melbourne Mint, 1872, Melbourne Mint|
|Tertiary Classification:||working strikes|
|Denomination:||Florin (2 Shillings)|
|Obverse Description:||Bust of Elizabeth II laureate right; around, + ELIZABETH . II . DEI . GRATIA . REGINA . F: D:
The artist's initials M.G. incuse on the bust truncation above the G of GRATIA.
|Reverse Description:||A lion and a kangaroo standing together on a curved ground line facing right, around above, AUSTRALIA FLORIN; below in exergue, 1954. The artist's initials WLB in the ground below the front foot of the lion.|
|Inscriptions:||Obverse: + ELIZABETH . II . DEI . GRATIA . REGINA . F:D:
Reverse: AUSTRALIA FLORIN 1954 WLB
|Issued By:||HM Queen Elizabeth II, Australia, 1954|
This item is part of the following themes:

domain: history


text:
1782. Oil on canvas. The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia. Read Note.
Bakunin, Peter Vasilyevich (1725 - after 1800) son of the State Councillor V.M. Bakunin. He served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and finished his career in the rank of State Councillor.
Ekaterina Andreyevna Bakunina (1736 - ?) - wife of P.V. Bakunin, who gave birth to three daughters: Anne (1759), Alexandra (1760), and Maria (1762).
See: Dmitry Levitzky. Portrait of P. V. Bakunin. Portrait of E. A. Bakunina.


text:
Case-in-Point: Elsweyr: DoA vs Knights of the Nine. Both are rather large "DLC" (User mods are technically DLC as well -- you download them, and they add content to the game.), but Elsweyr adds FAR more content and storyline and NPC-related stuff than KotN does. Guess what? User-made.
"Since personal computers are somewhat of an integral tool of game modding and many game platforms have PC-like characteristics such as expandable hard drives and internet access, I think it would be quite feasible for game developers to make console modding possible."
Case-in-Point #2: Unreal Tournament 3 for PS3. It has modding support.
"The other's are correct though, it's all about profits these days with most companies. Lets just be glad companies like Bethesda exist."
And Epic Games. And id Software (also owned by ZeniMax btw ). And BioWare. And what used to be Chris Sawyer/Infogrames (While no official SDK existed for RCT 1 and 2, that didn't stop people from modding it to pieces -- look at all the custom content available on RCTSpace for instance. In fact, I bet all the custom park mods made for RCT1 was what actually made CS add a park editor in the sequel.). Let's also not forget Activision, as much as I hate their guts.
Epic Games really did well with UT3, as much as people deny it -- only one official DLC was ever released -- the Titan Pack -- and it was free. It's been around the better part of three years and the modding community is still strong, which keeps the game alive.
"Nitpick: depends on what you understand by game engine since GameBryo (OB, FO3, NV) was based on NetImmerse (MW). GameBryo isn't exactly a new engine, just a natural evolution of the previous one. It wasn't totally written from the ground up."
... Wow, this editing spree has turned this comment into a wall of text, but anyway...
Yet another Case-in-Point: Unreal Engine 3. UDK is based on UE3, which is in turn based on UE2.5, UE2.5 on UE2, etc, etc. You get the idea. Game engines are rarely designed from the ground up anymore, at least not commercially-available ones.
Edited by TehChef, 03 December 2010 - 10:06 PM.


text:
Virginia JENKINS, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. FAMILY HEALTH PROGRAM, etc., et al., Defendants and Respondents.
Plaintiff and appellant Virginia Jenkins appeals from an order of dismissal entered after the trial court sustained without leave to amend the demurrer of defendant and respondent Family Health Program to the first four causes of action set forth in her first amended complaint for damages based on termination of her employment, and plaintiff voluntarily dismissed her fifth and final cause of action.
In her first cause of action for breach of contract, plaintiff alleged that on or about December 24, 1978, she and defendant entered into an oral contract for her employment by defendant as Nurse Practitioner “on a career basis until retirement age” for $32,000 per year, plus retirement, medical, vacation and other employment benefits. According to plaintiff, defendant represented that her employment would not be terminated “except for good, just, and legitimate cause or ․ reason.” Despite her performance of all obligations of her employment, she was suddenly and without warning terminated on or about February 23, 1984.
Plaintiff's second cause of action was for intentional infliction of emotional distress; her third cause of action was for breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing; her fourth cause of action was for wrongful termination of employment, and alleged she was terminated in retaliation for her conduct in complaining to defendants about substandard conditions at defendant's health care facility; her fifth and final cause of action was for libel and defamation. She sought both compensatory and punitive damages.
Defendant demurred to the first amended complaint on the ground that it failed to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action against defendant (Code Civ.Proc., § 430.10, subd. (e)), and also moved to strike portions of the pleading. Plaintiff filed opposition to the demurrer and motion to strike, and the matters were heard on June 27, 1985, following which the trial court sustained the demurrer to the first four causes of action without leave to amend, and overruled the demurrer to the fifth cause of action, from which the court struck a punitive damage allegation.
Plaintiff moved for reconsideration of the order sustaining the demurrer, essentially seeking leave to further amend. In support of the motion, she filed her declaration and that of her attorney relating a series of personal problems that had prevented her from adequately communicating with her attorney until mid-June 1985, when she delivered to him documents including “a retirement plan, a rehiring-full benefit agreement, an employment agreement, a compensation package and other documents relating to employment.” In supplemental points and authorities, plaintiff requested that the trial court state its reasons for sustaining the demurrer. (Code Civ.Proc., § 472d.)
Defendant filed opposition to the motion for reconsideration, following which plaintiff filed a second supplemental memorandum of points and authorities and response to defendant's memorandum of points and authorities, again urging the court to grant her leave to further amend the complaint.
Following a hearing held on August 13, 1985, the trial court denied the motion for reconsideration, and set forth on the minutes its reasons for sustaining the demurrer without leave to amend.
Plaintiff dismissed the fifth cause of action after unsuccessfully seeking its severance from the first four causes of action. She filed her notice of appeal on June 24, 1987, although the order dismissing the action was not entered until June 30, 1987. We construe the document as a notice of appeal from the order of dismissal. (Pulver v. Avco Financial Services (1986) 182 Cal.App.3d 622, 630–631, 227 Cal.Rptr. 491.)
Plaintiff contends, essentially that (1) the trial court erred in sustaining the demurrer, and (2) in any event, the court abused its discretion in denying her further leave to amend her pleading. Defendant controverts each of these contentions.
“ ‘The function of a demurrer is to test the sufficiency of plaintiffs' pleading by raising questions of law. (3 Witkin, Cal. Procedure (2d ed. 1971) Pleading, § 796, pp. 2408–2409.)’ (Buford v. State of California (1980) 104 Cal.App.3d 811, 818 [164 Cal.Rptr. 264]․) On appeal our only concern is whether appellant has succeeded in stating a cause of action. We are not concerned with appellant's possible difficulty or inability in proving the allegations of his complaint. (Highlanders, Inc. v. Olsan (1978) 77 Cal.App.3d 690, 697 [143 Cal.Rptr. 679]․) In assessing the sufficiency of the complaint against respondents' demurrer, we treat the demurrer as admitting all material facts properly pleaded, and ‘we bear in mind our well established policy of liberality in reviewing a demurrer sustained without leave to amend: “the allegations of the complaint must be liberally construed with a view to attaining substantial justice among the parties.” ’ (Glaire v. LaLanne–Paris Health Spa, Inc. (1974) 12 Cal.3d 915, 918 [117 Cal.Rptr. 541, 528 P.2d 357]․)” (Plumlee v. Poag (1984) 150 Cal.App.3d 541, 545–546, 198 Cal.Rptr. 66.)
Breach of Contract
Citing Newfield v. Insurance Co. of the West (1984) 156 Cal.App.3d 440, 446, 203 Cal.Rptr. 9, the trial court ruled that plaintiff's first cause of action, for breach of contract, was barred by the statute of frauds. (Civ.Code, § 1624. subd. 1.)
At the time of the making of the contract in question, Civil Code section 1624 provided, in part: “The following contracts are invalid, unless the same, or some note or memorandum thereof, is in writing and subscribed by the party to be charged or by his agent: 1. An agreement that by its terms is not to be performed within a year from the making thereof.” (Now see Civ.Code, § 1624, subd. (a).)
In Foley v. Interactive Data Corp. (1988) 47 Cal.3d 654, 254 Cal.Rptr. 211, 765 P.2d 373, our Supreme Court disapproved of this aspect of Newfield and reaffirmed its decision in White Lighting Co. v. Wolfson (1968) 68 Cal.2d 336, 66 Cal.Rptr. 697, 438 P.2d 345, holding that this portion of the statute of frauds “ ‘applies only to those contracts which, by their terms, cannot possibly be performed within one year.’ (Id. at p. 343, 66 Cal.Rptr. 697, 438 P.2d 345.)” (Foley, supra, 47 Cal.3d at p. 671, 254 Cal.Rptr. 211, 765 P.2d 373.) The Foley court stated: “Even if the original oral agreement had expressly promised plaintiff ‘permanent’ employment terminable only on the condition of his subsequent poor performance or other good cause, such an agreement, if for no specific term, could possibly be completed within one year. (See White Lighting, supra, 68 Cal.2d at pp. 343–344, 66 Cal.Rptr. 697, 438 P.2d 345.) Because the employee can quit or the employer can discharge for cause, even an agreement that strictly defines appropriate grounds for discharge can be completely performed within one year—or within one day, for that matter.” (Foley v. Interactive Data Corp., supra, 47 Cal.3d at pp. 672–673, 254 Cal.Rptr. 211, 765 P.2d 373; emphasis in original.)
Here, as in Foley, the contract “could have been performed within one year of its making; plaintiff could have terminated [her] employment within that period, or defendant could have discharged plaintiff for cause. Thus, the contract does not fall within the statute of frauds and the fact that it was an ․ oral agreement is not fatal to its enforcement.” (Foley, supra, 47 Cal.3d at p. 675, 254 Cal.Rptr. 211, 765 P.2d 373.) 1
The trial court erred in sustaining the demurrer with respect to plaintiff's first cause of action for breach of contract.
Breach Of The Implied Covenant Of Good Faith And Fair Dealing
Foley criticized cases approving recovery in tort for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing inherent in every employment contract (e.g., Khanna v. Microdata Corp. (1985) 170 Cal.App.3d 250, 262, 215 Cal.Rptr. 860; Koehrer v. Superior Court (1986) 181 Cal.App.3d 1155, 1171, 226 Cal.Rptr. 820; see also Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (1980) 27 Cal.3d 167, 179, fn. 12, 164 Cal.Rptr. 839, 610 P.2d 1330), stating the employment relationship “is not sufficiently similar to that of insurer and insured to warrant judicial extension of the proposed additional tort remedies in view of the countervailing concerns about economic policy and stability, the traditional separation of tort and contract law, and finally, the numerous protections against improper terminations already afforded employees.” (Foley v. Interactive Data Corp., supra, 47 Cal.3d at p. 693, 254 Cal.Rptr. 211, 765 P.2d 373.) However, Foley recognized the continued existence of a separate contract cause of action for breach of the implied covenant. (Newman v. Emerson Radio Corp. (1989) 48 Cal.3d 973, 976, 258 Cal.Rptr. 592, 772 P.2d 1059.)
In her third cause of action, plaintiff alleged the express oral agreement, her compliance therewith, and that on February 28, 1984, defendants suddenly and without warning demanded that she sign a letter of resignation, stating that if she refused, she would be fired and it would be very difficult for her to obtain employment elsewhere. Plaintiff alleged defendants wrongfully terminated her employment “without good, just, or legitimate cause or reason,” and “in conscious and reckless disregard” of her rights, for the purpose of depriving her of the benefits of her employment contract. These allegations are sufficient to establish a cause of action for breach of the implied covenant. (Khanna v. Microdata Corp., supra, 170 Cal.App.3d 250, 262, 215 Cal.Rptr. 860.)
The trial court erred in sustaining the demurrer to plaintiff's third cause of action. However, the punitive damage allegations must be stricken therefrom.
In her fourth cause of action plaintiff alleged: “Termination by Defendants of the Plaintiff's employment was wrongful and in violation of the fundamental principles of public policy of the State of California as referred to in its laws and as set forth in Labor Code Section 1350 et seq., and the objectives underlying said policy and law in that said termination was for the purpose of punishing Plaintiff for and in retaliation against Plaintiff's conduct in complaining to Defendants that conditions at [Family Health Program] were in many cases substandard and required modification so as to make such conditions fair and safe for both the employees and patients.”
In Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co., supra, 27 Cal.3d 167, 164 Cal.Rptr. 839, 610 P.2d 1330 (criticized on another point in Foley v. Interactive Data Corp., supra, 47 Cal.3d 654, 687, 254 Cal.Rptr. 211, 765 P.2d 373), our Supreme Court stated: “In a series of cases arising out of a variety of factual settings in which a discharge clearly violated an express statutory objective or undermined a firmly established principle of public policy, courts have recognized that an employer's traditional broad authority to discharge an at-will employee ‘may be limited by statutes ․ or by considerations of public policy.’ [Citations.]” (Id. at p. 172, 164 Cal.Rptr. 839, 610 P.2d 1330.) In Tameny, the court held that an employee allegedly terminated for refusing to commit a criminal act, i.e., participate in an illegal price-fixing scheme, could maintain a tort action for wrongful discharge against the employer. (Id. at p. 178, 164 Cal.Rptr. 839, 610 P.2d 1330.)
In the present case, the trial court sustained the demurrer to plaintiff's fourth cause of action in the belief there was no public policy to violate, as the Legislature had repealed Labor Code sections 1350 through 1357 in 1984. (Stats.1984, ch. 778, § 1.) Plaintiff points out these sections were nonetheless still in effect at the time of her termination in February 1984. Citing Homemakers, Inc., of L.A. v. Division of Indus. Welf. (1974) 509 F.2d 20, and Rosenfeld v. Southern Pacific Company (1971) 444 F.2d 1219, defendant claims the sections were long since declared unenforceable, in that they were in conflict with Title VII of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.). (See Industrial Welfare Com. v. Superior Court (1980) 27 Cal.3d 690, 700, 166 Cal.Rptr. 331, 613 P.2d 579.)
“The safety of employees in the work place has long been a matter of prime legislative concern. Labor Code section 6400 provides: ‘Every employer shall furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for the employees therein.’ Section 6401 provides: ‘Every employer ․ shall adopt and use practices, means, methods, operations, and processes which are reasonably adequate to render such employment and place of employment safe and healthful. Every employer shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety, and health of employees.’ Section 6402 provides: ‘No employer shall require, or permit any employee to go or be in any employment or place of employment which is not safe and healthful.’ Section 6403 provides in part: ‘No employer shall fail or neglect [․]: ․ [¶] (c) To do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety, and health of employees.’ And Section 6404 provides: ‘No employer shall occupy or maintain any place of employment that is not safe and healthful.’ ” (Hentzel v. Singer Co. (1982) 138 Cal.App.3d 290, 297–298, 188 Cal.Rptr. 159.)
The Hentzel court stated: “It requires little analysis to perceive that the legislative purpose underlying these provisions would be substantially undermined if employers were permitted to discharge employees simply for protesting working conditions which they reasonably believe constitute a hazard to their own health or safety, or the health or safety of others. Achievement of the statutory objective—a safe and healthy working environment for all employees—requires that employees be free to call their employer's attention to such conditions, so that the employer can be made aware of their existence, and given opportunity to correct them if correction is needed. The public policy thus implicated extends beyond the question of fairness to the particular employee; it concerns protection of employees against retaliatory dismissal for conduct which, in light of the statutes, deserves to be encouraged, rather than inhibited.” (Hentzel v. Singer Co., supra, 138 Cal.App.3d at p. 298, 188 Cal.Rptr. 159.)
The Legislature has provided for the protection of employees who engage in certain activities relating to safety and health matters “by prohibiting discharge or discrimination because of such activity (§ 6310, subd. (a)), by declaring victims of discharge or discrimination to be entitled to reinstatement and reimbursement for lost wages and work benefits (§ 6310, subd. (b)), and by providing for the maintenance of suit by the Labor Commissioner on behalf of victims under certain circumstances (§ 6312).” (Ibid.) The Hentzel court determined the remedy under section 6312 is neither exclusive nor requisite to maintenance of a private cause of action. (Hentzel v. Singer Co., supra, 138 Cal.App.3d at pp. 302–303, 188 Cal.Rptr. 159.) Thus, there is a private right of action for retaliatory discharge for protesting unsafe working conditions.
While the demurrer to plaintiff's fourth cause of action was properly sustained, it appears she may be able to amend her pleading to plead a proper cause of action for unlawful termination based on violation of public policy. The trial court erred in denying her leave to amend the fourth cause of action.
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress
Plaintiff's claim, set forth in her second cause of action, that she suffered humiliation, mental anguish, and emotional and physical distress as a result of her employment termination, is precluded by the “exclusive remedy” provision of the Workers' Compensation Act (Lab.Code, § 3201 et seq.). Section 3600 of the Act, which states the conditions of compensation that must concur before an employer is liable for an employee's injury, includes the requirement that “at the time of the injury, the employee is performing service growing out of and incidental to his or her employment and is acting within the course of his or her employment.” (§ 3600, subd. (a)(2).) Where these conditions concur, “the right to recover such compensation is, [with certain exceptions not applicable here], the sole and exclusive remedy of the employee ․ against the employer․” (§ 3602, subd. (a).)
In Cole v. Fair Oaks Fire Protection Dist. (1987) 43 Cal.3d 148, 233 Cal.Rptr. 308, 729 P.2d 743, our Supreme Court held that, “when the misconduct attributed to the employer is actions which are a normal part of the employment relationship, such as demotions, promotions, criticism of work practices, and frictions in negotiations as to grievances, an employee suffering emotional distress causing disability may not avoid the exclusive remedy provisions of the Labor Code by characterizing the employer's decisions as manifestly unfair, outrageous, harassment, or intended to cause emotional disturbance resulting in disability.” (Id. at p. 160, 233 Cal.Rptr. 308, 729 P.2d 743.)
“Termination necessarily arises out of the employment relationship since it is the event that ends that relationship.” (Giorgi v. Verdugo Hills Hospital (1989) 210 Cal.App.3d 252, 265, 258 Cal.Rptr. 426.) And “termination is no less a normal risk of employment because it is alleged to be wrongful.” (Id. at p. 266, 258 Cal.Rptr. 426.) Therefore, “[i]njury to an employee resulting from a termination—whether characterized as in bad faith or not—is an inherent risk of employment.” (Ibid.) When an employee claims injuries as a result of termination of his or her employment, those injuries also necessarily occur “in the course of” the employment. (Giorgi, supra, at pp. 267–268, 258 Cal.Rptr. 426.)
The demurrer to plaintiff's second cause of action, for intentional infliction of emotional distress, was properly sustained without leave to amend.
The order of dismissal is affirmed as to the second cause of action. The order is reversed as to the first, third, and fourth causes of action, and the matter is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with the views expressed herein. Appellant to receive costs on appeal.
1. Foley also held Labor Code section 2922, providing that “[a]n employment, having no specified term, may be terminated at the will of either party on notice to the other,” creates only a “presumption [which] may be superseded by a contract, express or implied, limiting the employer's right to discharge the employee. [Citations.]” (Foley v. Interactive Data Corp., supra, 47 Cal.3d at p. 665, 254 Cal.Rptr. 211, 765 P.2d 373.)
FN2. All further statutory references are to the Labor Code unless otherwise indicated.. FN2. All further statutory references are to the Labor Code unless otherwise indicated.
DANIELSON, Acting Presiding Justice.
ARABIAN and CROSKEY, JJ., concur.

domain: law