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The quality of the air outdoors has been a topic of concern for some time, however indoor air quality has taken a back seat to it over the years. Worries around indoor air quality started to build as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. We now know that indoor air quality can be worse than the quality of the air outside our homes and workplaces and can impact the health and wellbeing of the building occupants.
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency indoor pollutants are often 2 to 5 times higher than typical outdoor concentrations. Global Action Plan, a UK charity, commissioned the National Air Quality Testing Services (NAQTS) to look at four different buildings around the UK and found that “particle pollution is on average 3.5 times higher inside the home than outside – and in one case peaked at 560 times higher than outdoors.”
It’s clear indoor air quality should be a major concern for everyone.
Indoor Air Quality (Pollution) as a Health Risk
Indoor air quality can be affected by a number of pollutants including: particulate matter, allergens, moulds and dust; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ozone cleaning products in paints and printers; bacteria and viruses including Legionella pneumophila, the cold and COVID-19 virus; and radon (a gas produced by the radioactive decay of uranium which is present in soils and rocks in small quantities).
Interestingly many industry bodies and trade associations across the European HVACR sector including the European Association of refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumps contractors, European Partnership for Energy and the Environment, European Building Automation and Controls Association, European Ventilation Industry Association and GCP Europe issued a statement in September 2021 called “Recognise indoor air pollution as a health risk – industry associations issue urgent COVID-19 statement to EU institutions” argue that the policies in place that regulate indoor air pollution currently do not meet the same standards as those which are in place to address outdoor air pollution.
It states “Proper mechanical ventilation can reduce half the virus concentration by a factor of 10, and alternatives include window airing, air treatment technologies and Building Automation and Control Systems. But the lack of a coherent EU legislative framework for addressing indoor air pollution makes the upcoming revision of EU policies a key opportunity to support reduced air transmission of COVID-19. The statement proposes adding quality standards and policies to a range of relevant directives, frameworks, such as the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, the Occupational Safety and Health Strategic Framework, and public procurement practices.”
Pollution Is the Largest Environmental Risk to Public Health
Public Health England state that “air pollution is the largest environmental risk to public health”. They estimate that the yearly mortality rate due to air pollution is around 28,000 and 36,000. Based on these figures between 2017 and 2025 they believe the predicted cost to the NHS and social care system will be £1.6 billion.
how we can redesign and retrofit buildings and transport to make them more infection resilient in the future (the strategic challenge).
what should be done ahead of winter 2021/2 to operate buildings and transport in a way that reduces the risk of COVID-19 transmission, and makes them acceptably safe, while enabling a degree of normality (the immediate focus).
The Strategic Challenge – Urgent Need To Improve Ventilation
The report states that until recently the role of buildings within the area of public health has been minor. Instead the focus has been on energy and climate emissions. The pandemic has shown that buildings and infrastructure must play a role in infection control. The report explains that “Infection control is part of creating a good indoor environment and can, and should, be designed into buildings, including how spaces are ventilated and how people move within and through spaces.”
They found that “ventilation was often neglected, and that the COVID-19 crisis had revealed flaws in the design, management, and operation of buildings.” The report went onto surmise that unless these flaws were addressed, they could “disrupt management of the COVID-19 and future pandemics, impose high financial and health costs on society and constrain our ability to address other challenges such as climate change.”
This is further backed up by Professor Catherine Noakes from the University of Leeds who was one of two engineers on the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) who have provided advice to the NHS and the government during the pandemic. Professor Noakes is also one of 36 experts on airborne infection who published a paper setting out the use of ventilation and who has also contributed to the WHO guidelines on the control of the COVID-19 through ventilation.
The Immediate Focus – Urgent Need To Improve Communication
The report recommends that the government provides clear and consistent communication and guidance on how disease and viruses spread and the knowledge of how different interventions can disrupt infection routes. This should include e.g. how ventilation works in terms of infection control and other measures like cleaning surfaces and social distancing can impact disease transmission.
Professor Peter Guthrie, Vice President of the Royal Academy of Engineering states “Buildings make an enormous difference to people’s health and we have often neglected this in the past, which is bad news in a pandemic, because they are one of the most significant levers that we have to control infection. We must take action now to make sure that good practice in ventilation is widely understood and applied across workplaces and public buildings. What we need is a concerted push by the Government and others, such as professional institutions, to give owners and operators of all sorts of buildings a clear message about the importance of infection control, and give them consistent and easy-to-find guidance, which helps them to take the right steps to improve things such as ventilation.”
Dr Hywel Davies the Technical Director at the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, explains “Clear communication on ventilation is essential – we need to support owners and operators with clear and simple guidance, emphasising the importance of improving ventilation while maintaining wider good practice on infection control. Our aim should be to enable everyone who has responsibility for managing buildings or transport to understand how to respond in a practical and timely manner, and to establish an appropriate balance of measures to manage infection risks alongside thermal comfort, air quality and energy concerns.”
They deem the problem more complex than the report suggests and that the way many buildings have been designed will make it difficult and potentially cost prohibitive to retrofit systems that would be essential to address the need for good ventilation. They go onto say that the government “should link its ambitions for climate change mitigation and sustainability to work on ventilation and overheating in buildings and consult with all parts of the engineering and construction sectors to get a joined -up solution.”
Graeme Fox BESA’s head of technical explains “It is very positive that the government’s top scientist recognises the importance of raising standards of building ventilation to deal with this and future pandemics, but he is only getting part of the picture. The knowledge of professional institutions is hugely valuable, but unless they align their theoretical expertise and design philosophies with industry practitioners who operate at the sharp end and know what it is achievable, we will not be able to deliver the solutions the country needs.”
BESA highlighted the need for building designers to utilise “practical measures such as allowing enough space in ceiling voids to add or improve mechanical ventilation systems. Enabling access for maintenance purposes, cleaning ventilation ductwork and fitting or renewing air filters were other crucial factors often overlooked during design and fit-out phases.”
UK Unprepared For Extreme Weather Temperatures
BESA’s beliefs ties in with a recent report from the Climate Change Committee (CCC) which warns that the UK is not prepared for unprecedented extreme weather events that could occur now. They report that “the chance of daily maximum temperatures exceeding 40ºC is also growing… and many new buildings are being developed without adequate adaption measures, which means they would be prone to overheating as our climate warms up.”
The CCC say that since 2018 there have been over 4,000 heat-related deaths recorded in England. There were 2,556 heat-related deaths during the 2020 heat wave in England alone.
Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Control Are Vital
It’s important that employers make sure that there’s an adequate supply of fresh air in enclosed workspace areas and maximise the amount of fresh air in the workplace through:
Natural ventilation which comes from passive air flow through windows and doors or air vents and
Mechanical ventilation using fans and ducts including air conditioning to bring fresh air from the outside, inside.
Adequate ventilation will be different from workplace to workplace. You’ll need to consider a number of factors when deciding what ventilation your workplace needs including the number of people who work in the area, how large the area is, what tasks and activities take place in the workspace and whether there are any features such as large machinery or equipment that could impede air from circulating. These factors will form part of your workplace fresh air (ventilation) risk assessment.
Further information and guidance for workplaces and public buildings on the practical design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems and emerging from lockdown is also provided by:
Your Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Experts
It’s clear that climate change, increasing temperatures and the risk of viruses and future pandemics make ventilation and indoor air quality control a priority for all building designers, developers, managers and occupants. In order to ensure you have the right ventilation for your business you should work with an air conditioning expert.
Synecore can advise you on the best solution for your business premises. Synecore operate throughout Kent, London and the UK, providing commercial and industrial clients with the very best in HVAC systems and maintenance.
Synecore supply top of the range air conditioning brand names, including Mitsubishi, Daikin and, Toshiba to offices, hotels, restaurants, retail and large commercial premises. Whether you require single split systems, multi split or a large VRV/VRF air conditioning system and can provide you with the right heating, ventilation and air conditioning system solution.
Contact us or call us on 01795 509 509. We’ll talk you through your options and provide you with expert advice.


text:
I Was Ready To Punch A Wall By The 11th Image. I'm Telling *EVERYONE.*
I'm not surprised that the HUGE mental illness problem in the American military is hidden. It's a difficult topic to hear about, so it just doesn't get discussed. But it kills. Here are 13 ways to talk about this problem so it's not hidden any longer.
1. I've never thought so clearly about how many soldiers are dying OFF the battlefield.
2. That's a difference of over 230,000 troops. Can we sync our calculators, please?
3. I don't like this stat! Yet I want EVERYONE to know it.
4. Really makes you rethink the concept of "wounded."
5. Mental disorders coming in at #2.
6. That's 1 in 5 female vets.
7. PTSD, though it is a mental disorder, has some significant physical side effects. If this list doesn't make PTSD real, I don't know what could.
8. Think about these experiences. I think it's worth creating more ways to address their impact on human soldiers.
9. When I see how poorly diagnosed and treated PTSD is in the images above and then look at the image below, I can't help but think how important it is that we see to it that PTSD is better diagnosed and treated. It feels so obvious.
10. Wow. Not only does PTSD affect the soldier, but it hurts the soldier's family. I'm seeing all that "support the troops" imagery, and I'm concerned. Are we *really* supporting them?
11. Noooooooooooooooooo. In 2012, more troops died from suicide than in battle?! Seriously? Is there some reason that everyone in the world doesn't know this? *facepalm*
12. This could mean that more vets are getting help. It could also mean that more *need* help. It could also mean both of those things.
13. It's a start.

domain: sociology


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text:
Add Vibrant, Natural Accents to Any Room with Decorative Agate Drink Coasters
If you're looking to elevate your home decor and add a touch of nature's beauty to your living spaces, look no further than Evolving Earth Designs. Our exquisite collection of natural stone and crystal homewares, including stunning decorative coasters, brings a unique blend of artistry and functionality to your home. In this article, we'll delve into the captivating world of decorative coasters, with a special focus on our Blue Polished Agate Slice Drink Coasters with Gold Electroplating, as well as the Matching Pair of Natural Polished Agate Slice Drink Coasters.
Embracing Nature's Elegance
Decorating your home with elements inspired by nature is a timeless trend, and it's easy to see why. Nature's beauty is unparalleled, and it has a calming and harmonious effect on our surroundings. At Evolving Earth Designs, we celebrate this natural allure by offering a range of homewares crafted from genuine stones and crystals. Among our standout pieces are the decorative agate drink coasters, which effortlessly blend aesthetics and functionality.
The Allure of Agate
Agate, a captivating semi-precious gemstone, has fascinated humanity for centuries. What sets agate apart is its remarkable range of colors and mesmerizing patterns, which are as diverse as nature itself. This unique gemstone has a magnetic allure that transcends time and trends, making it a perfect choice for crafting decorative coasters that effortlessly marry beauty and utility.
One of agate's most enchanting attributes is its stunning variety of colors. From deep, tranquil blues to fiery reds, from earthy greens to warm, inviting browns, agate boasts a palette that mirrors the diversity of landscapes found in nature. This inherent vibrancy ensures that each agate coaster is a singular work of art. When you place one on your table, you're not just adding a functional accessory; you're introducing a piece of nature's splendor into your home.
Yet, it's not just the colors that make agate exceptional; it's also the mesmerizing patterns that grace its surface. Agate is renowned for its concentric and banded designs, resembling the growth rings of ancient trees. These patterns tell a story of the stone's formation over millions of years, making each agate coaster a tangible piece of Earth's history. The intricate layers and swirls in agate create a visual depth that captivates the eye and adds a touch of complexity to your decor.
While agate's aesthetics are undoubtedly captivating, it's equally valued for its durability. When used as a coaster, agate provides a protective shield against condensation rings and potential stains on your furniture. Its robust nature ensures that your agate coasters will withstand the test of time, remaining as timeless as the gemstone itself.
Agate's innate sophistication makes it an ideal choice for those who seek to elevate their home decor. Whether you're hosting an elegant soirée or enjoying a quiet evening by the fireplace, agate coasters effortlessly complement the ambiance. They harmonize with a wide range of interior styles, from modern minimalism to classic opulence, making them a versatile addition to any room.
In conclusion, agate's allure lies in its breathtaking colors, mesmerizing patterns, and enduring durability. When you choose agate coasters from Evolving Earth Designs, you're not merely acquiring functional items; you're embracing the essence of nature's elegance. Let these exquisite pieces protect your furniture while infusing your home with a touch of sophistication and the timeless beauty of agate.
Blue Polished Agate Slice Drink Coaster with Gold Electroplating
One of our most sought-after items is the Blue Polished Agate Slice Drink Coaster with Gold Electroplating. Each coaster is a work of art, showcasing the raw beauty of agate in its vivid blue hues. The gold electroplating around the edges adds a touch of opulence, making these coasters perfect for special occasions or everyday use. The agate slices measure approximately 11 to 13 centimeters in diameter and weigh approximately 110 to 130 grams each, making them substantial enough to provide stable support for your drinks.
Matching Pair of Natural Polished Agate Slice Drink Coasters - Set of 2
For those who appreciate symmetry and uniformity in their home decor, our Matching Pair of Natural Polished Agate Slice Drink Coasters is an ideal choice. These coasters come as a set of two, carefully selected to complement each other. Crafted from natural agate, they retain their authentic charm while adding a touch of elegance to your living spaces. Just like our individual coasters, these pairs also feature gold electroplating around the edges and small rubber feet on the bottom, ensuring both your coasters and the surfaces they rest on remain protected.
Why Choose Decorative Coasters from Evolving Earth Designs?
Each agate coaster is a unique piece of art, displaying nature's beauty in its purest form. No two coasters are exactly alike, ensuring that your home decor remains one-of-a-kind.
Function Meets Style
Our decorative coasters not only protect your furniture from unsightly drink rings but also add a touch of sophistication and style to your home. They are versatile enough for everyday use and special occasions.
We take pride in the quality of our products. The agate slices are handpicked for their beauty and durability, and the gold electroplating is carefully applied to enhance their elegance.
Made for Queensland, Australia
Evolving Earth Designs understands the unique tastes and preferences of the Queensland, Australia region. Our products are curated to resonate with the local aesthetic, making them a perfect fit for your home.
Elevate Your Home Decor Today
At Evolving Earth Designs, we believe that every piece of decor should tell a story and evoke emotions. Our Blue Polished Agate Slice Drink Coasters with Gold Electroplating and Matching Pair of Natural Polished Agate Slice Drink Coasters do just that. They seamlessly blend the raw beauty of nature with the opulence of gold, creating a harmonious addition to any room.
So, whether you're sipping your morning coffee or hosting a gathering with friends, make a statement with our decorative agate coasters. Elevate your home decor and bring a touch of vibrant, natural elegance to your living spaces with Evolving Earth Designs.
Visit our website at EvolvingEarthDesigns.com.au to explore our complete collection of natural stone and crystal homewares, home decor, jewelry, and gifts. Discover the beauty of Queensland, Australia, through our handpicked selection of exquisite products. Your journey to a more beautiful and harmonious home begins with us.

domain: artistic


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‘White frames of reference, “white is right” conclusions’: How integrating Evanston’s District 65 divided the city
January 28, 2022
Amidst a national movement surrounding integration, there was Evanston, a community at the forefront of the discussion, facing political and social roadblocks in the efforts to radically change the city’s approach to education.
Editor’s note: There are quotes in this section that feature people utilizing the term ‘negro,’ which is an outdated term with a long history of being used by racists to harm Black people. The Evanstonian has kept the term in these quotes to preserve the accuracy of how people spoke during the 1960s but do not condone the use of that term in any way.
Gregory Coffin. A name that was once synonymous with hope, with a bright future for our kids—a nationally renowned educator singled out for his success. That name has now slipped away into obscurity. How did the shift from the only educator featured in Who’s Who in America to a name you can only find in old newspaper archives occur? And more specifically, why did it happen in Evanston?
The more a person looks into Evanston’s history, themes will begin to reappear. One event which provides a direct parallel to the way Evanston’s climate around race is often discussed in the modern day is the story of Coffin. Evanston’s call for political change, followed by its swift rejection of radical integration in the three years between 1966 and 1969, was described by civil rights leader Al Raby as a desire to “talk about integration, not to act,” according to the North Shore Examiner in April 1970. This phrase is strikingly similar to many of the criticisms brought against Evanston’s race policies today—a superficial desire for apparent diversity while rejecting any change that could be seen as ‘disruptive.’
In 1960, the student population of District 65 was made up of 11,000 students spread over 15 elementary schools and four middle schools. In total, 22 percent of the district was made up of Black students, yet the number of Black students in each school varied greatly. Both Dewey and Foster schools, which had predominantly Black student bodies, suffered from overcrowding. The frustration over the treatment of Black students prompted a drive for integration, but what at first appeared to be an ideal solution would eventually spark large amounts of conflict.
By 1963, the school board implemented the Voluntary Transfer Program to relieve overcrowding within schools. The program allowed students to opt into being bused from Foster and Dewey schools to majority white schools. D65 officials hoped this would kill two birds with one stone—moving forward with integration at the same time as reducing overcrowding. They saw shocking success. Just three years after the program began, 450 Black students had been transferred into schools across Evanston.
To some families, though, the Voluntary Transfer Program did not seem like a drastic enough step to alter pre-existing segregation. Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education, the time seemed right for a fully integrated school system. So, in the wake of these calls for action, in 1964, the board adopted a resolution with the intention of completely integrating District 65 schools.
The integration plan was developed by the newly formed Citizen Advisory Committee made up of Evanstonians from a variety of backgrounds. Computers were utilized, and the staff from the Illinois Institute of Technology worked to redraw attendance boundaries for schools, as per the approval of the Committee, distributing younger children across the city. The intention behind computer utilization was prioritizing effectiveness and efficiency that only computers, at the time, could provide, given the extent of time and effort necessitated for manual redistricting. The new attendance maps would finally remove the status of de facto segregation in District 65. All schools would, from then forward, be expected to have between a 17-25 percent Black student body.
Coffin was hired as superintendent specifically to execute this plan. Before entering the Evanston scene, he had already defined his career around integration. As the superintendent of the all-white school system of Darien, Conn., Coffin stirred up controversy around a teacher exchange program that traded white Darien faculty for Black and brown faculty from New York City.
Coffin explained to the Chicago Tribune in 1966 that, “There is a moral obligation on the part of people who live in suburban areas and earn their livings in cities to be active in solving the race problem,” and that “Schools are supposed to shape society, not reflect it. School systems should take the initiative in unpopular issues.”
This moral desire for change seems to be the only reason Coffin would have left his Darien position for one in Evanston. He exchanged his job in a 5,000-pupil system with a salary of $25,000 for a system with 17 times the amount of students and a raise of only around $4,000 a year. But, the ability to work with a much larger and ethnically diverse population allowed Coffin to expand integration in a variety of ways, and, working closely with the Citizen Advisory Committee, that’s exactly what he did.
Coffin initiated a program focused on psychological integration; rather than simply meshing children of different races in the same classroom, he wanted to create schools that fostered racial acceptance. He created teacher training programs focused on cultural bias, empowering Black educators, and even went so far as to create curricula centered around Black history, something which even today is grossly underrepresented in the classroom.
Mary Barr, a former D65 student from the late 60s to the early 70s and author of Friends Disappear, a book outlining the history of race in Evanston, outlines her experience living through the implementation of these changes.
“I benefited from some of the changes that were happening at the time,” Barr says. “Coffin had really gone to great lengths to overhaul the curriculum in the elementary schools and District 65 junior highs. He had gone to great lengths to incorporate African American history and culture and really to train teachers to think differently about what they were teaching. So it didn’t just have to be like, ‘Okay, we’re going to learn about Martin Luther King.’”
Coffin’s pre-integration training program for teachers also took a shockingly modern approach to educational race reform, seeming comparable to much of the cultural competency training that teachers undergo in the present day (which, especially in Evanston, has been controversial). One 1969 Evanston Review article explained, “Summer seminars were held for faculty members, many of whom had spent years teaching in all-white or all-Black classrooms. Encouraged to discuss their own fears and prejudices, teachers were alerted to differences in cultural backgrounds and attitudes they would face.”
Coffin also initiated a review of textbooks to ensure the books represented the diversity of the students. He viewed the education system as a whole as a part of the white power structure, not just the ‘separate but equal’ schooling.
“[I]f you are not aware of the deeply embedded white racism which pervades the curricular materials used in schools throughout this country, thumb through a child’s school books, look at the illustrations, read some of the texts, not just the reading book, but the arithmetic word problems, the science book experiments, the history book heroes, the inventors, and discover it’s all white, not just white people, white situations, white institutions, white frames of reference, and ‘white is right’ conclusions,” Coffin said in a radio interview in 1967, just after his term began.
With these major changes, with issues of race and social justice at a fever pitch, Evanston began to receive a lot of press coverage. Nationally, Evanston was praised as an example of integration gone right. The same 1969 Evanston Review article shared, “Evanston has what many consider the nation’s most successful—and unusual—school integration program. Discussed in professional journals, scrutinized by national television, and emulated everywhere, it has drawn national praise as a model of how to go about achieving integrated education.”
The mood in Evanston as Coffin began his term was overwhelmingly positive. Families, both white and Black, were excited to be at the forefront of the integration movement.
“The reaction, overall, has been very favorable. We’ve had our opposition, and we know that there is still opposition. However, I sense there is a growing body of support for the total [integration] program, and I sense that part of this comes out of community pride. We’ve had very favorable publicity about the program,” Coffin stated.
One reason integration in Evanston was viewed as so extraordinary was because Evanston’s reputation at the time. In an interview in 1967, radio host Studs Turkel described Evanston as being known for its ‘rock-ribbed conservatism’ during an interview with Coffin, which refers to uncompromising traditionalism.
To that notion, the superintendent commented that Turkel’s perception of Evanston was dated.
“You have a stereotyped image of Evanston, which is not an accurate image,” Coffin said. “Evanston is changing. Evanston may be a rock-ribbed conservative kind of community, but this has not been my experience there. Evanston is a very proud community.”
“It’s quite heterogeneous,” Coffin said of Evanston. “It’s very proud, and it’s very anxious to solve its problems. It would like to solve its problems by itself without the state or the federal government or any outside of participation. And, so, I think one of the reasons I was invited to go to Evanston was because the people in Evanston felt that maybe I could help them solve its problem— which was a problem of rather tight de facto segregation.”
In practice, the integration plan that Coffin and the school board implemented solved this problem quite well. The easiest way to meet its diversity quota seemed to be sending Black kids to majority white schools. So in 1966, not even a year after his introduction as the superintendent, Coffin proposed a bussing plan that would commute Black students from Foster School, where they lived in the Fifth Ward, to other schools throughout Evanston. This meant that their schools were often miles away from where they lived. In exchange, white students were bussed into Foster School. But they weren’t bussed into Foster School as it had traditionally stood.
Within a year of Coffin’s tenure as superintendent, Foster School had been converted to a lab school, which accepted students from across the city, resulting in a majority white student body. The number of students being bussed across the city jumped from 450 Black students to a combined total of 1,960 Black and white students as the district shifted from a voluntary bussing program to a mandated one, according to A Report on School Desegregation In Nine Communities by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.
The district worked diligently to create support for bussing within the community, as it felt communal desire for change would be the driving force of the integration process. According to a report made by Coffin titled How Evanston, Illinois Integrated all of its Schools, a survey sent out to parents at the very beginning of integration efforts showed the merit of the push, with 92 percent of parents responding in favor of the following question: “If the cost of integrated education is bussing, then I’m willing to have my child bussed.” This is in stark contrast to how public opinion would begin to function the deeper the district dove into its integration process.
Despite this strong push to integrate D65, Coffin quickly began losing the favor of the Evanston community—in large part due to attacks in the media. As public opinion swayed, many began to question whether Evanston really was changing—or rather, whether Evanston was ready for change. The criticisms of Coffin began with attacks on his personality, calling his direct manner of speaking abrasive, and his penchant to make national news “self-aggrandizing,” according to the Evanston Review in 1968.
Soon, though, attacks on Coffin became much more commonplace and much more varied. That same Evanston Review article explained, “Fearful white parents have told horror stories of Black pupils beating up or intimidating their children and complained that administrators have failed to move against rowdies.”
This is a statement that is not far off from many of the concerns a person may hear white families voice when considering sending their kids to more diverse schools today.
Other opponents, such as H. S. Sandler, overtly expressed their frustration with Coffin’s more drastic progressive changes, writing in the Evanston Review, “The colored citizens of Evanston have been here for many years, they do not live in ghettos, and the majority live in pleasant, well-kept surroundings. They always have had equal school opportunities in Evanston, with equal teacher qualifications.”
All of this was opposition that Coffin might have expected. Evanston’s layer of excitement and pride at its new diversity was peeling back to reveal those conservative roots about which Coffin had been warned. However, another much more surprising group which took issue with Coffin’s methods was Black Evanston parents.
Despite initial excitement, when bussing plans had been in practice long enough, Black communities began to see a reality that wasn’t quite what they’d been promised. Children who lived within a mile of the school they were set to attend did not qualify for bussing, which forced parents to use their own money to rent buses for their children or get their students to school themselves. There was also no lunch program provided for children. At the time, schools didn’t have cafeterias; instead, children returned home to eat lunch. Kids not within walking distance of their homes were unable to go home for lunch, meaning they ate sack lunches in segregated rooms at card tables; this program was in place at five of the district’s schools.
Yet, parental concern was not echoed by the administration. One school board member stated, “I’m not in favor of sack lunches for everyone. The fact that some children have no adequate supervision at home at noon is a personal problem, not a district concern. The fact that the five school lunch programs will be segregated should have been thought of when we considered breaking up boundaries.”
The impact of integration on Evanston children and the community was significant. The increasing levels of integration across the city resulted in white flight out of certain areas of the city as well as out of Evanston entirely, which caused the student population to decrease drastically and discouraged many who had originally purported integration. Within integrated schools themselves, Black students were scoring at higher levels than they had during segregation but still below the national average. Black children, in many cases, felt academically overshadowed by white students due to the limited resources that their schools had been given in comparison to the white schools when D65 had been segregated. Those accessibility issues lessened the benefits of integration, according to the same Report on School Desegregation In Nine Communities.
Despite Coffin’s efforts to initiate an accepting community, self segregation was pervasive in schools. One middle school teacher described the status of integration as “good racial interaction, though, generally, you will find that 80 percent of the Blacks and 80 percent of the whites prefer to stay to themselves while 20 percent will intermingle. Often, children who relate well during the year are negatively influenced over the summer by parents and others.”
Barr wrote that “Integration really came at the expense of Black children. Black children lost their neighborhood school. They lost Foster School. They went to school with white children, but they continued to be alienated. Bussing made it really difficult for them to become an integral part of the school they had to leave. As soon as the bell rang, at the end of the day, they had to hop on the bus and go back to their neighborhoods. They weren’t really able to participate in after-school programming. And they weren’t really able to just hang out and play with their friends. Again, they had to leave pretty much right away.”
Often, children who relate well during the year are negatively influenced over the summer by parents and others.
— District 65 middle school teacher
On top of the bussing issue, Black families continued to see the threads of racism within the integrated school system. Despite the district receiving a federal grant of $123,000 for pre-integration training under the Civil Rights Act and $58,096 in funds for examining curricular materials for prejudicial treatment of minority racial and ethnic groups, the levels of disciplinary action against Black students increased after these programs were put in place, according to the Report on School Desegregation In Nine Communities. This angered many parents, furthering the rift dividing the district, administration and families.
The community’s division over all of these issues mounted, with news beginning to vilify Coffin much more consistently. The final straws for angered families came towards the end of 1968, when two major controversies caused contention around Coffin. The first issue was a report released by the Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction criticizing Coffin’s newly appointed instructors—specifically the Black ones. According to Mary Barr, the report claimed that “five Evanston principals lacked “supervisory certificates.” Despite four of the five having master’s degrees and all of them being enrolled in state regulation compliant certification programs. They also accused the district of illegally using teachers’ aids to conduct classes, despite the fact that the aids were used to help one or two children or chaperone children on buses. Notably, many of these aides were Black.
But perhaps the most important ‘evidence’ against Coffin was an unpublished study—ultimately not published due to unreliable methodology—funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, which showed a decrease in test scores between 1967 and 1968. The exam used to collect this data was questionable, since its materials seemed almost completely unrelated to what children were learning in schools. Nevertheless, the conclusion people drew from D65’s attempt to integrate was that it resulted in a decrease in the quality of education. Families—especially white families—were terrified for their children’s future, a reaction that mirrors ones we can see today.
In the wake of these events, and to much community protest, the D65 school board made the decision to extend Coffin’s contract for only one year more—essentially meaning he would be out of a job at the end of the year.
Coffin wouldn’t go out that easily though. As soon as the school board’s decision was made, community uproar shook the city. Board members were protested in the streets, pro-Coffin letters filled newspaper columns, and a variety of activist groups expressed their displeasure with Coffin’s impending removal.
A Chicago Tribune article described the climate.
“Evanstonians, you see, like to devote Sunday to protesting for or against Supt. Gregory Coffin, whom the school board seeks to depose. There is a pro-Coffin faction called Citizens for Coffin and an anti-Coffin group called the Community Education Committee.”
There was certainly clear division amongst the two types of protesters. The anti-Coffin supporters were aligned with the wealthier, much more conservative side of Evanston, while the pro-Coffin side favored Black and brown Evanstonians. Despite their displeasure with D65’s bussing, Black Evanstonians mostly agreed that Coffin’s vision for integration was one of the best there was. He became a symbol for Evanston’s desegregation—and his removal seemed to be synonymous with the success of anti-integration sentiment. As Barr wrote in Friends Disappear, “The main issue was not Gregory Coffin’s contract; it was high-quality integrated education.”
The protests were so widespread that, eventually, the board made the decision to push back the finalization of Coffin’s removal. It would be after the next election of school board members, so if pro-Coffin candidates were successfully elected, he wouldn’t be removed. Essentially, it came down to the ballot box. If Evanstonians came out and supported school board candidates that backed Coffin, he would stay, and if not, he would be replaced.
Votes were cast, ballots were counted, and, at the end of the night, Coffin had lost. After a groundbreaking turnout, there was a 51 percent margin in favor of anti-Coffin candidates. The community had spoken; the will for integration had come and gone, and, already, the school board began its search for a replacement.
White liberals will be able to see themselves in the mirror. They’ll recognize the contradictions in their political philosophy, their vacillation and lack of personal risk-taking commitment and, most of all, their ambivalence about integration. — Gregory Coffin, former District 65 superintendent
White liberals will be able to see themselves in the mirror. They’ll recognize the contradictions in their political philosophy, their vacillation and lack of personal risk-taking commitment and, most of all, their ambivalence about integration.
— Gregory Coffin, former District 65 superintendent
The Coffin saga remains prescient in its depiction of what Evanston is about—both on the surface and below.
“I feel like it’s a really unique and unusual place in that it’s this wealthy suburb that has a large African American population,” Barr says. “I mean, you just don’t find that anywhere else.”
Evanston seems to be constantly caught up in an identity crisis. It’s part suburb, part city; part diversity and part de facto segregation. Its desire for change—its desire to become the face of change—is constantly juxtaposed with that ‘rock-ribbed conservatism’ which runs much deeper than many Evanstonians think. So many of the arguments against Coffin and his policies are echoed in the city’s modern political scene.
In his Chicago Tribune review of a book about why integration fails, Coffin provides a commentary on his strange experience in almost-suburbia, saying that in this book on the failures of integration, “White liberals will be able to see themselves in the mirror. They’ll recognize the contradictions in their political philosophy, their vacillation and lack of personal risk-taking commitment and, most of all, their ambivalence about integration.”


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The citizens of Sweden will soon have a country with no jews, but lots of moslems. Maybe there is justice in the world, after all, since the Swedes will get what they deserve.
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Netanyahu: U.S. Vice President Joe Biden may visit Israel in coming weeks (Haaretz)
from the article: Jews reluctantly abandon Swedish city amid growing anti-Semitism

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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - www.unfccc.int
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) home page, containing Executive Board meeting reports, methodologies, project activities, designated national authorities (DNAs) for each Party and CDM statistics.
UNEP Risoe Centre - www.cdmpipeline.org
The CDM Pipeline Analysis and Database contains all CDM projects that have been sent for validation. It also contains the baseline & monitoring methodologies, a list of DOEs and several analyses. Almost all information is from cdm.unfccc.int
GIZ CDM Highlights - http://www.gtz.de/de/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/umweltpolitik/18324.htm
The monthly newsletter "CDM Highlights" provides brief, clearly structured information on the latest developments in the international negotiations relating to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). If you would like to subscribe, please send an email to the other contact person. It is distributed in English and, with some delay, also in French.
IGES CDM in Charts -www.iges.or.jp/en/cdm/report01.html
"CDM in Charts" is a booklet with a good reputation for providing a straightforward and easy-to-understand description of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Available in English, Spanish, Japanese, Mongolian and Russian.
IGES CDM Project Database - www.iges.or.jp/en/cdm/report.html
IGES CDM Project Database is aimed at providing comprehensive, organised information on the CDM projects registered at the UNFCCC. All information is extracted from the publicly available sources on the UNFCCC web-site and this database will be updated regularly. The data will be provided in the MS excel format (zipped).
CDM Rule Book - http://cdmrulebook.org/home
The CDM Rulebook is the definitive online database of the CDM rules. It has been developed by Baker & McKenzie, with funding from eight donor organisations, and is now freely available to the public.

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Mikhail Lukin (Russian: Михаи́л Дми́триевич Луки́н, commonly known as Misha Lukin (born October 10, 1971) is a Russian-American theoretical and experimental physicist and a professor at Harvard University. He is author and coauthor of many peer-reviewed papers which brought him an h-index of 106.
Lukin was born in Moscow, Russia. He studied physics and mathematics at MIPT which he graduated in 1993. Following the graduation, he joined Texas A&M University where he wrote a research paper titled Quantum Coherence and Interference in Optics and Laser Spectroscopy which he used for his Ph.D. thesis. Between this and 1994 he was a visiting scientist to Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany. Later on he became a postdoc at Texas A&M University and then became a fellow, and later joint director, of the Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics a division of Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. In 2001 he became an assistant professor at Harvard and three years later became its professor.
In 2005 he proposed an idea to use quantum computing mail rather than Email which is already used by both Harvard and Boston Universities. He and Vladan Vuletic experimentally confirmed a new type of matter in which photonic molecules can be used to create a lightsaber-like technology.


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Ever Faithful to His Lead: My Journey Away from Emotional Abuse by Kathleen Pooler is a fabulously crafted book with her experience and insights in an inspirational way. It is said that when you walk on a rocky path, you become stronger. This is a story of an era. The complete story is written in a crisp manner. 52 ratings on Amazon.com and 83% of them are five stars speak a lot about the book.
Every woman will find her story in the story of Ever Faithful to His Lead: My Journey Away from Emotional Abuse by Kathleen Pooler. Nobody else will come to your help unless you first decide to help yourself. It is you who know the gravity of crisis you are into and nobody else will be able to understand that as much as you can. Women seem to have a different outlook in career and in love. They are intelligent in their career but stop taking wise decisions when comes to love. At times when your defeat matters to those also who are dependent on you, you need to get yourself out of self-defeat mode to fight against the tides to reach the coast. The unnecessary load of shame and guilt needs to be thrown away. The discovery of inner strength is quite important in life.
As a mother, partner or in any other role when you are stuck in taking a firm decision and moving in right direction, but instead knowingly or unknowingly are in mode of making a wrong choice, this book is definitely for you to get an extra pound of courage, hope, determination, strength, and power. Ever Faithful to His Lead: My Journey Away from Emotional Abuse by Kathleen Pooler is her debut memoir. As a child, Kathy grew up in a loving and caring family. Her marriage turned out to be abusive and all of a sudden many WHYs started popping up in her life.
Despite a superb upbringing and a lot about culture, discipline, values and sacrifice are imbibed in her mind and heart during her growing years; she fails in certain important ventures of her life. And that is what brings out the biggest challenge. To give up, and let her knowledge, education and wisdom go waste. Or wake up, shred away all her fears and fight against each crisis on her own. Kathy chooses the latter path and finally succeeds in career, raising her two kids, and getting a good stature in society.


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#FREEPORT, Grand Bahama — July 15, 2020 Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, the Hon. Peter Turnquest said the pain caused by the loss of lives during Hurricane Dorian remains personal for him.
“Many who died were my friends,” said Minister Turnquest. “Some who are still missing, I know personally. I’ve visited and shared with those persons, in homes now shattered and destroyed. Monuments like this are erected to help ensure that we never forget what happened September 1st, 2019.”
The Minister’s remarks came on Tuesday, July 14, 2020, during the unveiling of a monument at the Sir Jack Hayward Bridge, which leads to East Grand Bahama, to serve as a memorial to the lives lost in East Grand Bahama during Hurricane Dorian in September of 2019.
“On behalf of the government, I commend the Grand Bahama Port Authority and its partners for this kind gesture,” said Minister Turnquest. “This occasion pays tribute to those who died as a result of Hurricane Dorian. It reminds us not only of the loss, but also of the tremendous effort and courage the surviving families and friends have had to bear, as they carry on and rebuild their lives and properties.
“We want them to know that they have not been forgotten. Also, their strength is symbolized by this monument. This monument will highlight our resilience and determined drive to carry on for those who did not make it. “
The Deputy Prime Minister noted that since the passing of the historic hurricane, the Government of the Bahamas has taken measures and steps and learned lessons from the experience to strengthen institutions in preparation for future storms, which the country must assume will come.
He noted that there has been the legislation of mandatory evacuations, hardening of the island’s sea defenses with the completion of the Smith’s Point Seawall and the Fishing Hole Causeway, with more such investments to come in the future in West and East Grand Bahama.
He added that building codes that help to protect people and property during storms are being drafted; NEMA has been strengthened in its leadership and management of disaster preparation and response; the Disaster Reconstruction Authority has been formed and is presently assisting Bahamians with rebuilding efforts.
“Shelters that have been damaged during Hurricane Dorian are being repaired and new ones identified,” said Minister Turnquest. “The Rand Memorial Hospital is being completed renovated and renewed to almost a new facility, with expanded bed capacity, in preparation for a new facility that will eventually be built as things return to normal.
“The government understands that there is no quick fix to do it right, but we understand the urgency.
“The unveiling of this monument cements the fact that our recovery demands a unified approach. We are in this together and we will get through this together.”
The Deputy Prime Minister urged the Grand Bahama Port Authority and its partners to redouble their efforts in the cleanup of Grand Bahama, noting that there are still a number of areas that remain filled with debris, which is hampering the rebuilding efforts. He said that the completion of the cleanup project will go a long way towards the recovery of the island of Grand Bahama.
The Deputy Prime Minister also pointed out the urgent need for a new airport in Grand Bahama. He noted that the temporary facility is adequate, but not ideal.
“Of course, we all have to do our part to restart the economy and assist residents to return and to start new businesses on the island,” said Minister Turnquest. “In this regard, I want to commend the Grand Bahama Port Authority on its RISE Program and for partnering with the Small Business Development Center to assist entrepreneurs throughout the length of this island.
“I want to thank the Port Authority for the humanitarian assistance to the residents on the island, through their Foundation.”
Minister Turnquest pointed out that the monument will not just represent the lives lost during Hurricane Dorian, but will also serve as a tribute to all of the frontline workers, First Responders and even private citizens who became heroes, having used jet skis, boats and other means to save the lives of many Grand Bahamians during Dorian.
“This Memorial is for you too, as we celebrate and remember your courageous acts of kindness. Yet, it is another forceful reminder that we are indeed a village and together we cannot and must not fear.
“While this Memorial is located here in Grand Bahama, let me say to the people in Abaco that it is difficult and near impossible not to link Abaco to this moment. The Grand Bahama and Abaco ties, particularly in East Grand Bahama are strong.
“This Monument celebrates your loved ones too.”
The Deputy prime Minister told those in attendance that there are plans to construct a Memorial park in East End (proper), to have a place where family members can go and reflect on the lives of those who were lost in the historic and terrible storm called Hurricane Dorian.
BIS Press Release by Andrew Coakley
BFN urges Bahamians to pay attention to hunger ‘crisis’
Great Commission Ministries thanks network for nearly a decade of support
#TheBahamas, September 26, 2022 – Bahamas Feeding Network (BFN) director, Mario Carey, is making an urgent plea to the public to pay attention to the hunger crisis that many face in The Bahamas.
Carey made the comments as he and BFN Executive Director Archdeacon James Palacious paid a visit to Great Commission Ministries, one of nearly 100 feeding centres that BFN regularly supports and a beneficiary of the network for nearly 10 years.
“It’s sad and shocking to see the extent of this issue in The Bahamas,” said Carey.
“This is a crisis that isn’t being adequately addressed. How is it that in The Bahamas so many people go hungry every day and it’s such a struggle to feed them?”
The plea came just days ahead of the BFN’s inaugural golf tournament, ‘Tee Off for Hunger’ which BFN hopes will raise funds to provide more than 50,000 meals in the fight against hunger.
In recent months, BFN has been providing more than 70,000 meals per month to the most vulnerable in The Bahamas. And Palacious said the hunger problem in the country continues to be a dire one.
Palacious said the demand BFN is facing has remained steadily high, particularly as Bahamians continue to struggle with an increasing cost of living and continued high unemployment.
“It’s concerning to see the extent of the need in our country,” said Palacious.
“And at the Bahamas Feeding Network, we do all we can to provide assistance, but the demand is great and ceaseless. We deeply appreciate and ask for the continued support of the business community and the public at large to be able to carry on our work in these difficult times.”
Bishop Walter Hanchell, founder and president of Great Commission Ministries, said the organization has been seeing a sustained increase in people seeking help with the basic necessities in recent months.
Great Commission Ministries provides hot meals to roughly 500 people each day, in addition to distributing meals to the sick and shut-in, as well as the provision of grocery packages to struggling families.
Hanchell, who has been helping to feed Bahamians for over three decades, said the past few months have been challenging, as more and more new faces show up seeking assistance. Although the organization receives monetary and in-kind support, the need frequently outweighs the supply.
“Every day you see it,” said Hanchell. “And we are seeing more middle-class people who are now struggling. We help as many as we can, but of course we have limited resources.”
Carey said Hanchell’s observations point clearly to a worsening problem.
The Bahamas Feeding Network spends over $120,000 on its monthly efforts. And Palacious said a generous patron who covers the network’s monthly rent helps to ensure that just a small percentage of donations goes towards administration costs.
Carey said now is the time for everyone to take the issue of hunger in The Bahamas seriously.
“This is beatable,” he said. “We can beat this if people buy into it and everyone makes a contribution.”
Hanchell echoed his sentiments, noting that homelessness is another serious issue that he is working to combat, with plans underway to construct a 100-bed shelter next year.
“We are going to be asking a lot of corporate Bahamas, and the government and private citizens to make that happen,” he said.
Hanchell added, “In November we celebrate 35 years of nonstop ministry and we thank God for the Bahamas Feeding Network and all that they have done to support us over the years. They have been a tremendous blessing.
“It’s not been an easy road but the Lord has been with us.”
Photo Caption: Bahamas Feeding Network (BFN) representatives visit long-time beneficiary Great Commission Ministries. L-R: Great Commission Ministries Elder Mina Hanchell, Great Commission Ministries President Bishop Walter Hanchell, BFN Executive Director Archdeacon James Palacious, BFN Director Mario Carey, Aventus Ventures CEO Kevin Hobbs, Great Commission Ministries Operations Manager Maxine Bethel
Da Rocks’ Jonquel Jones and Sun aim to repeat win in bid for WNBA Championship
By Deandrea Hamilton
#USA, September 18, 2022 – Jonquel Jones of Eight Mile Rock, Grand Bahama power forward and centre for the Suns had 20 points, five rebounds and four assists in a victorious and glorious effort against the Las Vegas Aces on Friday night. The Connecticut Suns holding on in game three, which could have been elimination if that score went the Aces way.
Now, on ESPN Sunday Jones is hoping for another win and a tie of the series which is a best of game five.
The Sun are now 4-0 in elimination games in the playoffs so far this postseason.
There was other good news on the weekend for Bahamian Jonquel, as she was named an All-WNBA Second Team selection. Jones scored 126 overall, receiving 12 first team votes and 22 second team votes which came as no surprise to many. Jonquel leads the Suns in scoring, rebounds and blocked shots. She averages 14.6 points per game, ranking in the top 20 in the WNBA for scoring.
Add to the road Jonquel is still on for WNBA Champion and historic Bahamian athlete, as a member of the All- WNBA First Team, she will receive $10,300 and each member of the Second Team will receive $5,150.
The Bahamas continues to be proud of this outstanding player.
Tourism, Investments & Aviation Minister I. Chester Cooper Elected Vice Chairman of the Caribbean Tourism Organization
#TheBahamas, September 16, 2022 – The Hon. I. Chester Cooper, Deputy Prime Minister (DPM) and Minister of Tourism, Investments & Aviation, was elected to continue to serve as a vice chairman of the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) during the Council of Ministers and Commissioners of Tourism Meetings this week.
DPM Cooper is leading a delegation which includes Latia Duncombe, Acting Director General (ADG) and Dr Kenneth Romer, Deputy Director General and Acting Director of Aviation, to the four-day CTO Business Meetings which are taking place in the Cayman Islands 12-15 September 2022.
“I am grateful and honoured to serve in this capacity on behalf of The Commonwealth of The Bahamas and the entire Caribbean region,” DPM Cooper said.
“It is important that we continue to forge deeper relations with our tourism counterparts and support each other as we aim for full economic recovery. It is my hope that ongoing efforts will enhance our tourism product across the region and position the Caribbean as the most desirable destination year-round.”
In his role as CTO Vice Chairman, DPM Cooper will provide updates regarding the region’s performance and developments.
The CTO is the Caribbean’s tourism development agency comprising over 24 member countries and territories and provides support to those members in marketing, sustainable tourism, communications, and research & information technology. This year’s conference focuses on regional recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic and plans for the future of tourism.
CTO Business Meetings have been on hold since 2020, making this meeting the organisation’s first in-person event following the onset of the pandemic.
For more information, visit Bahamas.com.
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With a focus on student safety and well-being, this guide is designed to provide general information and links to resources about anti-oppression and related topics such as diversity, inclusion, and social justice for the UNLV academic community. Intended to be non-partisan, many resources offered here are for everyone regardless of political affiliation or viewpoint. In some cases, resources and links related to issues and specific policies proposed by elected officials are part of this guide as these issues and proposed policies directly impact professional and personal lives of members of our community, such as immigrants or people of color.
We would like to offer our appreciation to the following individuals and other valued colleagues who contributed to the development of this guide.
Christine Clark, Professor, Teaching & Learning
Brittany Fiedler, Teaching & Learning Librarian
Mariana Sarmiento Hernández
Sue Wainscott, Engineering Librarian
This guide seeks to serve as a starting point and is not meant to be exhaustive. It is our goal to continue its development in response to evolving needs of the community. We welcome suggestions from all members of the UNLV academic community.
If you have feedback about this guide or would like to suggest additional resources, please contact Sue Wainscott, Engineering Librarian
(Go to the Report Hate/Get Help tab for immediate help, if an emergency dial 911.)
Immigration has been a topic of national conversation. Some of that conversation has been focused on undocumented immigrants in the United States and on Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Status of DACA is uncertain at this time. IMPORTANT NOTICE: Renew DACA today at the Immigration Law Clinic.
Stay up-to-date about DACA: https://ww.nilc.org/issues/daca/ and https://immigrantsrising.org/start-here/beyond-daca/
The UNLV Undocumented Students Program has helpful information and resources for UNLV students.
Below you will find a list of resources that might help Undocumented/DACAmented students and those individuals who want to find ways to support Undocumented/DACAmented students.
Undocumented/Documented college students and youth are also often referred to as DREAMers. Learn more about the DREAM Act: proposed legislation that would benefit them, on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DREAM_Act
Read this profile of Mariana Sarmiento, From Dreamer to Dream Come True
Patler, C. (2018). To reveal or conceal: How diverse undocumented youth navigate legal status disclosure. Sociological Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121418775092
Vaquera, E., Aranda, E., & Sousa-Rodriguez, I. (2017). Emotional challenges of undocumented young adults: Ontological security, emotional capital, and well-being. Social Problems, 64 (2), 298-314. (subscription access only - at this link is available to UNLV students and employees)
(Artwork by Anita Revilla, Quote added, Used with permission from the artist)


In Two Billion Cars, through a concise history of America's love affair with cars and an overview of the global auto industry, leading transportation experts Daniel Sperling and Deborah Gordon explain how we arrived at this state, and what we can do about it. Sperling and Gordon outline the problem in full and assign blame squarely where it belongs--on the auto-industry, short-sighted government policies, and consumers. They consider the issue from all angles and take up such topics as getting beyond the gas-guzzler monoculture, breaking Detroit's hold on energy and climate policy, the search for low-carbon fuels, California's pioneering role, and more. But they are not Cassandras. Promising advances in both transportation technology and fuel efficiency together with shifts in traveler behavior, they suggest, offer us a way out of our predicament.
Ultimately, the authors contend that the two places that have the most troublesome emissions problems--California and China--are the most likely to become world leaders on these issues. Arnold Schwarzenegger's enlightened embrace of eco-friendly fuel policies, which he discusses in the foreword to Two Billion Cars, and China's forthright recognition that it needs far-reaching environmental and energy policies, suggest that if they can tackle the issue effectively and honestly, then there really is reason for hope.


Former Charlotte Weatherman's Girlfriend Arrested For Assaulting Him
EL PASO, T.X.--Mark Mathis' girlfriend has been arrested for allegedly assaulting him after an argument, according to TMZ.
Legal documents say celebrity chef Sara Horowitz (who finished 4th in season 2 of Hell's Kitchen) spilled a cooler of food inside a car.
An argument between Mathis and Horowitz ensued and led to the cops being called.
Police say Horowitz punched and kicked Mathis, causing his glasses to break and scratching his face.
Horowitz has been charged with assault.
Mathis worked as an anchor and weatherman at our station for several years. TMZ says Horowitz claims to be Justin Bieber's tour chef.


Russia: Turkey can produce components of S-400
"We are not talking about the complete production chain, as it is a new type of weapons. But the production of some components can be organized,” Dmitry Peskov told reporters in the capital Moscow.
“The production can be on the territory of Turkey," he added.
Meanwhile, the U.S.’s top diplomat said on April 10 that American-made F-35 fighter jets cannot operate in the same airspace as the Russian S-400 missile system.
“It is not possible to both fly the F-35 in space where the S-400 is significantly operable,” Secretary of State Mike Pompeo told a Senate Foreign Relations Committee at a hearing.
He said the U.S. relayed “this technical challenge” to Turkey through both diplomatic and military channels.
Following protracted efforts to purchase air defense systems from the U.S. with no success, Ankara decided in 2017 to purchase Russia’s system.
Washington warned Ankara of its purchase of the S-400 system, and last week suspended delivery of parts and other services related to the F-35 jets.
U.S. officials suggested Turkey buy the U.S. Patriot missile systems rather than the S-400 from Moscow, arguing it would be incompatible with NATO systems and expose the F-35 to possible Russian subterfuge.
Pompeo hinted at the possibility of sanctions through a law passed to punish a trio of other nations, because of the deal.
“The S-400 is a significant weapons system, and we’ve shared with them, we’ve asked them to go take a look CAATSA, what that might well mean for them,” he said.
The Countering American Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, or CAATSA, was passed in 2017 to impose sanctions on Iran, North Korea and Russia and combat those countries’ influences across the globe.
Pompeo said a deal for the American air defense system is now on the table, and that the U.S. acknowledges Turkey’s role in the F-35 program.
“We’ve made clear to the Turks as plainly as we can, they build a significant component of the F-35. Not only are they purchasers and customers, but they are part of the supply chain for the F-35,” Pompeo said.
Turkey first joined the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Program in 2002 and has invested more than $1.25 billion. It also manufactures various aircraft parts for all F-35 variants and customers.
Turkish firms have supplied the F-35 program with key components, including airframe structures and assemblies and the center fuselages.


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In recent months plans have emerged to improve the interchange at West Hampstead in conjunction with the upgrading of the Thameslink station that will be done for the Thameslink Programme.
The various parties actually held a meeting last October but minutes have only just been made available, with lots of new details. The proposals are:
Thameslink Station – a new entrance on Iverson Road and new footbridge to west where platforms are wider to allow lifts. Existing entrance would remain open for people to/from the north. This will reduce pressure on West End Lane (WEL) pinch point.The new crossing provides access to the tube station, which will remain on the other side of West End Lane. I've made a quick mockup of the changes in Google Maps. One victim of the scheme - and likely source of contention - is the trees between Iverson Road and the Thameslink station, because at least some of which will need to be removed to make way for the new entrance.
NLL station – saw off front with a modest development to south at the same scale as current buildings.
West End Lane (WEL) – Make carriageway a uniform 7 metres all the way through and improve the public realm (footways on the west side) and crossings. Fully signalled junction with pedestrian crossing at WEL/Blackburn Road and widened footway between there and to beyond the NLL station would be provided.


text:
Last Updated on March 17, 2016, by eNotes Editorial. Word Count: 2157
Rhys, Jean 1894–
A West Indian-born author, now living in England, Miss Rhys is a novelist and short story writer. (See also Contemporary Authors, Vols. 25-28.)
"Good Morning, Midnight" was first published in England in 1939 and has now been reissued in connection with the rediscovery of Jean Rhys. Although the scene of the novel is Paris in the early thirties, it is not a period piece. It is a classic, as alive today as when it was written.
The book is the first-person narrative of Sasha Jansen, a woman in her forties reaching the end of the line in a chain of emotional crackups. Living on a tiny remittance after having been down and nearly out in London and Paris, Sasha reviews her past in brilliantly evoked impressions, and faces the future in a recession of dismal encounters. Memories of love, desertion and death slosh around in consciousness, together with sordid images of her present-day existence in cheap hotels….
Miss Rhys puts bits and pieces together to create so complete a personality that its abasement and destruction linger with the reader long after he has put down this unforgettable book.
Martin Levin, in The New York Times Book Review (© 1970 by The New York Times Company; reprinted by permission), March 22, 1970, p. 39.
The reappearance of this first novel ["Quartet"] by Jean Rhys, originally published in 1928 (with, in England, the title "Postures"), is the latest dividend from a revival of interest in Miss Rhys that has recently produced new editions of her other novels. This early work opens the theme—developed in "Voyage in the Dark" and reaching its full power in the beautiful "Wide Sargasso Sea"—of an imaginative, susceptible nature destroyed by the assertive, unyielding world.
The art of Jean Rhys derives from an acute, even morbid, sensibility and perception. It is the private sensations experienced and exchanged by her characters that give her novels meaning; and by extension this is her view of life. Her heroines (there are no heroes) embody not so much a capacity for suffering as a thwarted capacity for joy. Irony is never absent, even when the author is most deeply in sympathy. These attributes, which exclude any ready social message and must be judged independently on quality, in general evoke uneasiness and hostility in contemporary critics; and one may doubt whether Miss Rhys would be receiving the current highly deserved critical acclaim if her works were now being published for the first time. But a literary durability of 40 years can apparently allay the insecurity of even the most assiduous avant-gardists; and readers who have always admired Miss Rhys will be pleased that news of her gifts has at last filtered through to that quarter….
This is a short novel. The word "slight" cannot be used of a work in which so much talent is displayed. Miss Rhys tells her story with the miraculous spontaneity of all her writing, and in the tone of one who keeps calm while reporting a catastrophe. One must be glad that educated poverty has taken less annihilating forms since this book was written; otherwise, "Quartet" is vividly undated, directing our attention to paradoxes and pretensions that have become even more explicit in our present day. The reemergence of this fine novel at a moment when so much fiction tends to be bossy or calculating is in itself a heartening affirmation of what Jean Rhys has to say.
Shirley Hazzard, in The New York Times Book Review (© 1971 by The New York Times Company; reprinted by permission), April 11, 1971, p. 6.
Jean Rhys's composite heroine is herself…. The work then is autobiographical inasmuch as each of the principal protagonists is her creator as she sees herself….
Few authors have more instinctively understood how best to distil the essence of their experience and Weltanschauing through the filter of their imagination. Asked in a Transatlantic Review article to what extent her books are based on personal experience, Jean Rhys replied 'Life's one thing, a book's another'. Her own books are a series of cracked looking glasses in Looking Glass House, through which life is held, wriggling and naked, on the hypnotised gazes of terror-stricken Alices….
The viewpoint then, remains consistent in essentials over forty years of publication. Neither do the circumstantial details vary greatly. All the books, save Wide Sargasso Sea and some of the stories, share a modern urban background. Not only does the same central female visionary confront the same hotels and boarding houses, cafes and restaurants, streets, studios, prisons and hospitals, whatever pages she strays into, but the men turn up for one thing only and depart while the going is good. Likewise the plots, which relate the love lives of women alone without adequate financial and temperamental resources to make themselves independent. Reduced though they are to a minimum, they are often so similar as to be interchangeable….
Surely, one might suppose, the cumulative effect of all this gloom and despondency in book after book, is wearisome in the extreme? Too much melancholy never did anyone any good. And, of course, one would be right. Were the books by another writer. Lesser talent, given such ingredients, would have succumbed to the inherent dangers—the temptations to dramatise into invective on the one hand, and to debase into sentimentality on the other. Yet intuitively, and apparently without the slightest temptation in either direction, Jean Rhys has avoided all the traps and emerged supreme aesthetic mistress of her despair.
How has she done it? Why is it that no matter how often one encounters her sad and sorry themes and paranoid attitudes, one is never bored or depressed? The answer is a pair of scales, in one pan the blighted vision, in the other a technical astuteness as rigorously disciplined as the other is deeply felt. If either were removed the scales would lose their artistic balance; together they maintain perfect equilibrium.
Laurence Cole, "Jean Rhys," in Books and Bookmen, January, 1972, pp. 20-1.
It is not hard to understand why [Jean Rhys] is held in high regard, though it is very strange that this regard was so long in coming. It may have something to do with her placelessness—writers with nationalities usually get a more sympathetic reception…. [After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie is] a story of haunting despair, beautifully written and deftly fitting the dimensions of art.
Paul Theroux, in Book World (© The Washington Post), February 13, 1972, p. 6.
[The] journey, [a] break in a life, is the essential theme of [Jean Rhys's] five novels, Quartet (1928), After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie (1930), both recently reissued, Voyage in the Dark (1934), Good Morning, Midnight (1939), and, though it is "historical," set in the 1830s, and stands apart from the others, Wide Sargasso Sea (1967). The Jean Rhys heroine of the first four books is a woman of mystery, inexplicably bohemian, in the toughest sense of that word, appearing to come from no society, having roots in no society, having memories only of places, a woman who has "lost the way to England" and is adrift in the metropolis….
The great events of the world are far away: Jean Rhys's world is as without dates as Jane Austen's. In the four last novels there is only one explicit—and startling—date: 1914. Cinemas, when they do appear, are places that provoke private thoughts; there isn't even the spurious community of radio and television. The society is closed; the isolation of the expatriate, the woman, the outsider, is complete; she exists in a void…. There is no innocence in Jean Rhys's world; there has always been loss.
Passion is not a romance with the self. The Jean Rhys heroine knows sensuousness, a delight in the body, in clothes, in remembered tropical landscapes. But there is no real relishing of the world; at the center there is always something like withdrawal…. Passion is dependence, a further diminution of the capacity to survive. And dependence is, curiously, like a drama in the head, something worked up and willful, yet in the end real and necessary: it is the woman's half-world. Demi-monde: exile and dependence give the words an exact meaning.
Jean Rhys's novels, written over a period of thirty-seven years, modify one another and make a whole. They record a total experience, with varying emphasis. Wide Sargasso Sea is the vision of nightmare at the end, with the historical setting giving distance, as in a nightmare, Voyage in the Dark and Good Morning, Midnight, the most subtle and complete of the novels, and the most humane, are the most immediate. After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie is the most brutal. It doesn't dissect a passion. It examines solitude and the void….
Out of her fidelity to her experience, and her purity as a novelist, Jean Rhys thirty to forty years ago identified many of the themes that engage us today: isolation, an absence of society or community, the sense of things falling apart, dependence, loss. Her achievement is very grand. Her books may serve current causes, but she is above causes. What she has written about she has endured, over a long life; and what a stoic thing she makes the act of writing appear.
V. S. Naipaul, "Without a Dog's Chance," in The New York Review of Books (reprinted with permission from The New York Review of Books; © 1972 by NYREV, Inc.), May 18, 1972, pp. 29-30.
Wide Sargasso Sea is both an imaginative tour de force and a novel valuable in its own right. It places the earlier novels [Postures, After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie, and Good Morning, Midnight] in a new perspective which shows that Jean Rhys is not one of the also-rans but a master of her genre. In her novels she depicts the character of one particular type of woman, while exploring certain human themes and constantly attempting to develop a close relationship between style and content….
Although each novel [of the four mentioned above] centers upon one woman, the four individuals are manifestations of the same psychological type—so much so that if we read the novels in the order of their internal chronology, we find in them one, fairly sequential story, albeit the principal figure suffers a change of name from novel to novel…. This figure of degraded womanhood is not static, but develops from novel to novel, the development being, at least in part, Rhys's movement away from autobiography toward an ever more complete, imaginative rendition of the single character….
Rhys seems only gradually to have learned which of her own experiences properly belonged to the character whom she was to sketch over and over in her novels. She also learned to conceal this recognition and, in a calculated play for verisimilitude, to give the impression of complete subjectivity. If we wish to appreciate Jean Rhys, we must sidestep our first impression that we are reading her autobiography and examine the novels as imaginative works. Only then can we see her most important literary achievement: the portrayal of a psychological type never before so accurately described. These complete descriptions make the character more than a psychological type: she is rather woman in one of her archetypal roles….
These women are forever alone outside the realm of everyday society and cut off from the ordinary patterns of life. In them we see a literal meaning of the term demimonde, for theirs is only a partial existence. They know that they are alive because they suffer and because money passes through their hands. The respectable world views such women as commodities to be bought and hostages who must pay their way. As Maudie says in Voyage in the Dark, "Have you ever thought that a girl's clothes cost more than the girl inside them?… People are much cheaper than things"…. In this understanding of life lies the origin of one of Rhys's most important themes, that personal identity is determined by economic wealth…. This attitude appears to link Rhys with that realistic tradition which Defoe and Richardson represent, and certainly her stress upon this theme brings her obvious romantic impressionism into line with the harsh realities of modern economic life. But she goes further than any of her predecessors…. The Rhys woman reasons that, since her physical existence depends upon money, everything else does too—character, morals, ethics, even religious values. And since she knows too that money is merely an artificial thing, that which men give to women when they make love to them, or when they send them away, she cannot respect that respectable society which values it: she describes those persons who have a devil-may-care attitude to money as chic. Herein lies Jean Rhys's twentieth-century development of the realistic tradition….
Her five novels are models for anyone who wants an original understanding of life and of human nature, and who desires the aesthetic pleasure one finds in a perfect correlation between technique and content.
Elgin W. Mellown, "Characters and Themes in the Novels of Jean Rhys," in Contemporary Literature (© 1972 by the Regents of the University of Wisconsin), Vol. 13, No. 4, Autumn, 1972, pp. 458-75.
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