text:
The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
From the appearance, symptoms and evidence in the form of a rambling letter that makes little sense, the appropriate diagnosis for Jonas Sterling’s condition is schizophrenia with the dopamine hypothesis (DH) as its focus. The patient appears to be stressed by things in his environment such as the television, which gives him ideas and words on which to place his fears such as Obamacare and the NCIC. Because he has a paternal uncle who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, it seems he has a genetic susceptibility to the disease also which is a factor in the DH.. Schizophrenia, using the DH, can be caused by environmental stress interaction with the genetic susceptibility and can lead to dopamine dysregulation. In one type of dopamine pathway, mesolimbic, an increase in dopamine levels can lead to psychosis and other positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In another pathway, mesocortical, dopamine levels are decreased, which can also lead to negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia through abnormal focus on the environmental stimuli. Mr. Sterling’s schizophrenia appears to be of the latter type, so Quetiapine (Seroquel) is the medication that should be prescribed for him. Quetiapine is known to be effective with mesocortical dopamine pathway dysfunction and hopefully, it will help Mr. Sterling.
Neurobiological Theory Relevant to Patient Diagnosis
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia involves the four dopamine pathways in the brain. These can also be affected by illicit or pharmaceutical drugs. That is why it is important to consider these pathways when determining the best treatment for schizophrenia. Jagdale and Dhikale (2017) of the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research explain that activity in each pathway has a unique set of physical, cognitive and psychological effects. This results in different methods of treatment being best for disturbances of each separate pathway (Jagdale & Dhikale, 2017, p. 258). The four pathways include the Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway, the Mesolimbic dopamine pathway, the Mesocortial dopamine pathway and the Tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathway.
The Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway is part of the extrapyramidal nervous system and controls movements. When this pathway degenerates, Parkinson’s disease is the result. The degeneration is in the form of a blockade which can be induced with drugs and result in movement disorders, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), and tardive dyskinesia (Jagdale & Dhikale, 2017, p. 258). This is not the dopamine pathway that should be considered in Mr. Sterling’s disorder.
The tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathway is also not one that is relevant to Mr. Sterling’s disorder. The tuberoinfundibular pathway inhibits prolactin release. In women who have just delivered a baby, the activity in this pathway decreases allowing for lactation. Blocking dopamine to this pathway can cause several problems including hyperprolactinemia with side effects such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and sexual dysfunction (Jagdale & Dhikale, 2017, p. 259). The relevant dopamine pathways to consider for Mr. Sterling’s case are the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways.
The mesolimbic dopamine pathway is believed to be the pathway that causes psychosis and the positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations. This pathway is also involved in emotions and pleasure. Addiction is often associated with malfunctions or overstimulation of this dopamine pathway. Drugs that are stimulants such as cocaine can increase dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway. The symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia can be alleviated or reduced by blocking the excessive activity in this pathway (Jagdale & Dhikale, 2017, p. 258). However, it may not be the only pathway involved in schizophrenia.
The mesocortical dopamine pathway is believed to control cognitive function, and it may be responsible for both negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. This pathway is associated with reasoning, working memory, and decision making. Because the symptoms of schizophrenia linked to this pathway are thought to be caused by a dopamine deficiency, blocking dopamine, as therapy aimed at the mesolimbic pathway would do, would increase the symptoms rather than decrease them. To successfully treat the positive symptoms of the mesolimbic pathway and the negative and cognitive symptoms of the mesocortical pathway, it would require decreasing dopamine in the mesolimbic and increasing it in the mesocortical pathways (Jagdale & Dhikale, 2017, pp. 258-259). Taking amphetamines, for example, may increase the dopamine activity in this portion of the brain, but lead to addiction in the mesolimbic pathway.
The DH says that schizophrenia can be caused by environmental stress or can be drug induced. This complicates things as Hengartner and Moncrieff (2018) of the journal, Psychiatry, explain. These researchers disagree that striatal dopamine levels cause psychosis or even cause a person to be prone to psychosis (Hengartner & Moncrieff, 2018, p. 2). They believe that the relationship between stress, substance abuse and dopmaine levels may be separate and independent process just as they believe substance abuse, stress and psychosis are independent processes also. “Unless we account for the various neurobiological effects of substance abuse and environmental stress, we cannot know whether striatal dopamine concentration is directly and causally involved in psychosis or merely a spurious correlate” (Hengartner & Moncrieff, 2018, p. 2). However, Mr. Sterling denies substance abuse and seems to reflect the stress of news and information he gathers from his environment, namely the television pervasive home in which he lives. This is solid evidence that environmental stressors and his genetic propensity are the initiators of his current episode. He is displaying symptoms of schizophrenia that may well be treated by either blocking or increasing the levels of dopamine in his brain.
The choice of treatment recommended for Mr. Sterling is Quetiapine (Seroquel). Adults less than 65 years old with psychosis can be started at 50 mg twice daily for a total of 100 mg per day on the first day. On day 4, the dosage should be increased by 100 mg per day to equal 400 mg per day. Then increases in the dosage in increments of 200 mg per day should occur until the maximum approved daily dose of 800 mg daily is reached on day 6. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) (2016), quetiapine has been approved by the FDA for acute treatment of manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder, long-term treatment of bipolar disorder, and adjunctive treatment with an antidepressant of major depressive disorders (NAMI, 2016). However, it is commonly known as a treatment for schizophrenia too.
Quetiapine is known as a second generation antipsychotic (SGA) or an atypical antipsychotic. It works to rebalance the dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain so that thinking, mood and behavior are improved. Quetiapine is especially effective for certain symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, lack of desire to be around other people, trouble with speaking clearly and lack of motivation. Common side effects of quetiapine include low blood pressure, dizziness or an increased heart rate especially upon standing, fatigue, sedation, dry mouth, agitation, increased appetite and constipation. SGAs also carry with them the risk for weight gain, high blood sugar and high cholesterol also known as metabolic syndrome. All antipsychotic drugs have been associated with a risk of sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmia (NAMI, 2016). Despite the risks, quetiapine appears to be the best choice for Mr. Sterling.
The reason for choosing Quetiapine over other medications to treat schizophrenia is that it works on the mesocortical dopamine pathway. Hashimoto, et al. (2015) of the Annals of General Psychiatry explain, “Quetiapine demonstrates a relatively high affinity for the 5HT2A receptor and relatively low affinity for the D2 receptor” (Hashimoto, et al., 2015, p. 2). These receptors are associated with serotonin and dopamine respectively. When they are malfunctioning together, the negative and cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia are often the result. “The high 5HT2A/D2 ratio leads to an overall increase in dopaminergic activity in the prefrontal cortex, and enhanced prefrontal activity is shown to be associated with the alleviation of negative symptoms and the improvement of cognitive function. It is also important because the cognitive and negative symptoms are often refractory to antipsychotic treatment and become the cause of inadequate response” (Hashimoto, et al., 2015, p. 2). If the dopamine pathways in Mr. Sterling’s brain can be straightened out using quetiapine, then the symptoms that are troubling him may ease.
Patient Teaching Points
Mr. Sterling should be counseled about the side effects of quetiapine and the necessity of not missing a dose or of stopping taking it because he is feeling better. Serious likelihood of relapse can occur if either of these things happen. He should be told that he may gain weight and feel sleepy. In his present state, however, he may interpret the side effects in light of his paranoia. A follow up appointment should be scheduled for 2 to 4 weeks in the future where Mr. Sterling can be assesses using the Brief Psychotic Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which will assess his condition and are the basis of his treatment goals.
The first treatment goal for Mr. Sterling is to score below 3 on the Brief Psychotic Rating Scale (BPRS). The BPRS assesses 18 symptoms of schizophrenia including hostility, suspiciousness, and hallucinations. The clinician will interview Mr. Sterling at his next visit after having taken quetiapine for at least 2 weeks. During the interview, the clinician should fill out he BPRS questionnaire that rates Mr. Sterling’s symptoms on a scale from 1 to 7, with 7 being the most severe. Mr. Sterling’s parents should also fill out the BPRS questionnaire. The BPRS can be administered consecutively or concurrently with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).
The goal for Mr. Sterling is to score below a 3 on the PANSS also. The PANSS has several features that are quite complex according to Opler, Yavorsky, and Daniel (2017) of Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, but is a thorough approach to rating the symptoms of schizophrenia. The PANSS evaluates an array of positive, negative, cognitive, neuromotor and depressive symptoms. It also involves using data from patient reports, caregiver reports, and clinical observations (Opler, Yavorsky, & Daniel, 2017, p. 77). To assess a patient correctly with the PANSS, it takes time and someone well trained and experienced in using it. The items assessed include “observations made during the interview, the patient verbal report, and/or corroborative information obtained from caregivers about symptoms and behaviors during the reference period prior to the assessment; and 3) Each item includes a set of carefully written anchors for each level of severity, from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme)” (Opler, Yavorsky, & Daniel, 2017, p. 77). These two tests are conducted by the clinician, but the third treatment goal for Mr. Sterling would be for him to fill out the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) himself.
The treatment goal for the MMPI would be for Mr. Sterling to score somewhere near 65. MMPI can only be administered by a trained clinician, but the patient fills out the questionnaire usually on a computer. The clinician then interprets it. It is usually preceded by a clinical interview, which may include the BPRS and the PANSS. The clinician reviews the patient’s responses to the questions on the MMPI and interprets it in the context of the patient’s history and current issues. Framingham (2018) of Psych Central explains that the newest version of the MMPI, the MMPI-2, has “10 clinical scales which assess 10 major categories of abnormal human behavior, and four validity scales, which assess the person’s general test-taking attitude and whether they answered the items on the test in a truthful and accurate manner” (Framingham, 2018). The largest section of the MMPI-2 is the schizophrenia section. Scores on the MMPI-2 range from 30 to 120. The “normal” range is from 50 to 65. Anything above 65 or below 50 is open to interpretation by the clinician (Framingham, 2018). People with symptoms of schizophrenia would normally score above 65 on the MMPI-2.
If the quetiapine works to block the mesocortical dopamine pathway that appears to be the main cause of Mr. Sterling’s symptoms, then the symptoms should improve within the 2 to 4 weeks recommended for follow up. If Mr. Sterling’s symptoms improve, he may be able to help with the diagnosis and treatment plan at follow up. Mr. Sterling’s case is also a good test of the DH.
Framingham, J. (2018, October 13). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Retrieved from Psych Central: https://psychcentral.com/lib/m...
Hashimoto, N., Toyomaki, A., Honda, M., Miyano, S., Nitta, N., Sawayama, H., & Kusumi, I. (2015). Long-term efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia who switched from other antipsychotics because of inadequate therapeutic herapeutic response—a prospective open-label study. Annals of General Psychiatry,, 14(1), 1-8. Retrieved from https://annals-general-psychia...
Hengartner, M. P., & Moncrieff, J. (2018). Inconclusive Evidence in Support of the Dopamine Hypothesis of Psychosis: Why Neurobiological Research Must Consider Medication Use, Adjust for Important Confounders, Choose Stringent Comparators, and Use Larger Samples. Psychiatry, 1-4. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/ar...
Jagdale, A. S., & Dhikale, G. K. (2017). Dopamine in Schizophrenia its Treatment with Newer Atypical Antipsychotics: An Overview. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(16), 250-272. doi:10.20959/wjpr201716-10203
NAMI. (2016, June). Quetiapine (Seroquel). Retrieved from National Alliance on Mental Illness: https://www.nami.org/Learn-Mor...(Seroquel)
Opler, M., Yavorsky, C., & Daniel, D. G. (2017). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Training: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 14(11/12), 77-81. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

domain: medical


text:
BioCeuticals UltraBiotic Factors for Juniors
15 billion CFU per chewable tablet - no need for refrigeration.
UltraBiotic Factors for Juniors contains a potent blend of pre- and probiotics to help maintain healthy gastrointestinal and immune function in children.
The ingredients may provide symptomatic relief from mild eczema/atopic dermatitis and may reduce the number of days missed from school/daycare due to the common cold.
- 15 billion CFU per tablet, with strains specifically chosen for their benefit to children’s health.
- Helps maintain healthy digestive function.
- May assist in the management and relief of symptoms of mild eczema.
- Supports healthy immune system function.
- May reduce the incidence and duration of symptoms associated with the common cold and mild upper respiratory tract infections.
- May reduce the number of days missed from school/daycare due to symptoms of the common cold.
- Natural fruit flavoured chewable tablets.
- Naturally sweetened with tooth-friendly xylitol.
- Dairy free.
- Does not require refrigeration.
Each tablet contains:
|(La-14)||7.5 billion CFU*|
|(Lr-32)||3 billion CFU|
|(Lg-36)||2 billion CFU|
|(Bi-04)||2.5 billion CFU|
*CFU = colony forming units
Children 2 years and older: Chew 1-2 tablets daily or as directed by your healthcare practitioner.
- If symptoms persist consult your healthcare practitioner.
- Not to be used in children under two years of age without medical advice.
- Vitamin supplements should not replace a balanced diet.
- Always read the label. Use only as directed.

domain: biology


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EFCC detains ex-SGF, Anyim, accused of N58bn
The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, EFCC, has obtained a remand warrant to further detain Anyim Pius Anyim, Secretary to the Government of the Federation, SGF, under the Jonathan government.
Did you know? You can comment on this post! Just scroll down
Anyim is being investigated for allegedly collecting N520m from a former National Security Adviser, Col. Sambo Dasuki (retd.), on the eve of the 2015 presidential election.
The ex- SGF was also accused of false assets declaration and using proxies and companies in which he had interest to corner contracts worth billions from the ecological funds.
The companies include: Foundation Years Limited, Precious Integrated, Precious Petroleum, Mak & Mak, Chap Construction, Eldyke Engineering, Pryke Limited, Chipa Nigeria Limited, Prima A11 Limited, Pima International, Chanto Engineering, Ishiagu Microfinance Bank, Mulak Ventures, Vitro Engineering and Tip Top Nigeria.
An EFCC source said, “We have obtained a remand warrant to hold the former SGF for about 30 days. This will help us to conduct investigations properly and verify his claims.”
“Anyim was SGF from May 2011 to May 29, 2015. During this period, specifically May 2012 to May 2015, the SGF Ecological Fund Account with the Central Bank of Nigeria received an inflow of N58,146,983,677.85.
“From this fund, three of the companies linked to Anyim, Foundation Years, Obis Associate and Eldyke Engineering, received contracts worth over N13bn. Foundation Years alone received a net payment of N10,308,017,838.85 between 2014 and 2015.
“Curiously, on receiving the fund, Foundation Years and another Anyim company, Br-Kthru made several transfers to 37 entities. Some of the organisations and individuals have no nexus at all with ecological issues. Investigators are probing the reasons behind the wild disbursement.”
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domain: finance


text:
The natural light from a window is seldom enough for good, strong seedling growth. They will usually stretch and lean towards the light and will not produce sturdy plants. Sowing seeds indoors under fluorescent lights is the easiest way for the home gardener to control growing conditions and grow healthy transplants. Incandescent bulbs give off more heat and less light (mostly red) than fluorescent tubes and will not produce good transplants by themselves.
- Many gardeners use inexpensive and widely available “shop lights”-- 4-ft. long lightweight metal fluorescent fixtures that take two T-8 fluorescent tubes (multiply the T-number X 1/8 inches to get tube diameter; in this case 8/8 or 1 inch). T-8 fixtures and tubes have largely replaced and are more energy-efficient than T-12 fixtures and tubes.
- You can hang these fixtures by removing the strip or panel above the tubes and inserting the chain or wire through the hole(s) in the top of the fixture.
- T-5 fluorescent fixtures and tubes are another option. They are relatively expensive but typically allow for more rapid and robust plant growth. Unlike T-8 tubes, the T-5 tubes can’t be used in a T-12 fixture (common shop light).
- Chlorophyll absorbs most of its energy from the violet-blue and orange-red wavelengths.
- Cool, white tubes (40 watts) produce light in the blue and yellow-green segments of the light spectrum. They are the least expensive and the mostly blue light can produce healthy, stocky salad greens and vegetable transplants.
- The more expensive full-spectrum fluorescent tubes (“grow lights”) produce a balance of warm (red) and cool (blue) light. “Grow lights” enhance foliar growth and produce thicker stems than cool white tubes, and are needed for producing flowers on indoor plants.
- Some gardeners insert one warm and one cool tube into a fixture to gain the same effect.
- Refer to Do-it-Yourself PVC table-top light stand (photos and step-by-step instructions) and starting seeds indoors.
|Type||Diameter of tubes||Light output
|Tube Life (hrs.)**||Notes|
|T-12 (40w)||1 1/2 inches||1500 - 3200||10,000 -20,000||No longer the industry
|T-8(32w)||1 inch||2800||30,000 -40,000||20-25% more efficient than T-12|
|T-5 (54w)||5/8 inch||5000||30,000||9% more efficient than T-8|
|T-12 (Wide Spectrum)||1 1/2 inches||1700||20,000||Type of “Gro-Light” (adds red
and far-red to blue light)
*Lumens measures light intensity over the visual spectrum- the brightness that we see.
** Over time the bulbs begin to lose their intensity. T-8 bulbs have a slower period of decrease, losing about 10% of initial brightness after 7,000 hours. T-12 bulbs can lose 20% after the same number of hours.

domain: agronomy


The ionization signals in the liquid argon of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter are studied in detail using cosmic muons. In particular, the drift time of the ionization electrons is measured and used to assess the intrinsic uniformity of the calorimeter gaps and estimate its impact on the constant term of the energy resolution. The drift times of electrons in the cells of the second layer of the calorimeter are uniform at the level of 1.3% in the barrel and 2.8% in the endcaps. This leads to an estimated contribution to the constant term of (0.29(-0.04)(+0.05))% in the barrel and (0.54(-0.04)(+0.06))% in the endcaps. The same data are used to measure the drift velocity of ionization electrons in liquid argon, which is found to be 4.61 +/- 0.07 mm/mu s at 88.5 K and 1 kV/mm.
Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdelalim, A.a., Abdesselam, A., Abdinov, O., et al. (2010). Drift Time Measurement in the ATLAS Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Calorimeter using Cosmic Muons. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS, 70(3), 755-785 [10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1403-6].


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domain: entertainment


The City of Harbor Springs adopted Ordinance No. 415, which permits the rental of residential properties on a short term basis (30 days or less). The City has instituted a licensing process to provide structure and guidance so that short term rental can grow in a way that blends with Harbor Springs cherished values.
The yearly license fee is $400 and due each year by February 1 (or prior to the start of rental activity). Licenses must be in place or fines may be levied to unlicensed properties. Property owners with multiple short term rental properties will need to fill out an application for each rental unit. Questions or concerns should be directed to the City Assessor/Zoning Administrator Jeff Grimm at (231) 526-2104 or email at firstname.lastname@example.org.


text:
On the other hand, poor countries do not have enough schools and good educators to educate their children.
It simply isn't right for a country to waste good things that other countries are going without.
By enabling poorer countries to stand on their own, they might help the helper in the end (sounds like a fairy tail I've heard before!
It has been thought by many that rich nations are getting richer while poor countries are getting poorer.
There are several causes that could explain this highly divisive issue.
Both are scenarios that occur on a daily basis in our countries, some more extreme than others are.
With that in mind a question of whether or not rich nations have an obligation to help those nations if need arises.In addition, developed countries have prestigious universities that educate their citizens.This is an advantage because education is essential in producing good leaders that will manage their country.The affluent nations become richer because they have the top of the line technologies and machines which provide them faster workflow.In the present climate, technology has been the heart and soul of developed countries with regard to their economic status.In this way poor nations can become stronger, in the long run.Moreover, some poor countries need aid immediately.Professor of philosophy Peter Singer and biologist Garrett Hardin both have very different opinions on this matter and the following paper will focus on their arguments.Peter Singer’s argument focuses greatly on the nation that citizens of rich He suggests that money given to a charity could morally bring about the same type of satisfaction, than if going on vacation or spending money on a video games (Singer 336.) Singer also suggests that often time’s society is afraid of where their money will end up or how it will be use when donated.Furthermore, developed nations should also share their knowledge about technology and innovation.By doing so, this would enhance the skills and knowledge of individuals who are living in the poor countries and they can utilize their learned skills to their future careers.

domain: sociology


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Code of Conduct: Don't be a jerk. There are all skill levels here, this is a welcoming place to foster the enjoyment of drawing/painting
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contusion profusion -- the second poster print in a set of three (i.imgur.com)
submitted 4 years ago by keepingonandon
[–]annied53 4 points5 points6 points 4 years ago (2 children)
Wow! This is stunning!
[–]keepingonandon[S] 1 point2 points3 points 4 years ago (1 child)
[–]annied53 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (0 children)
If you were to sell this print online, and it could be sent to Australia, I would buy it.
[–]osirisx11 4 points5 points6 points 4 years ago (1 child)
this is beautiful. can anyone help me find more like it, and tell me the artistic style this is in?
[–]keepingonandon[S] 1 point2 points3 points 4 years ago (0 children)
thank you! i'm not exactly sure what style this falls under... i would try looking up something between vector art and digital painting. :)
[–]TareXmd 2 points3 points4 points 4 years ago (1 child)
Insane. I would buy your portraits in a gallery.
that's great to hear! i'm hoping to get enough work together to put up in a student gallery at school and then do a charity art print sale. i hope i have time to put it together between semesters!
[–]aamukherjee 1 point2 points3 points 4 years ago (2 children)
I could almost swear that I have seen something really similar to this print. Have you posted your artwork elsewhere?
[–]keepingonandon[S] 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (1 child)
hmm... not in this style i think. i think i've only posted the other print in this style in one of my blog posts for my college's admissions blog!
[–]aamukherjee 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (0 children)
Right, that's probably it then. Anyhow your artwork is visually stunning! :D
[–]Sarahaloha 1 point2 points3 points 4 years ago (1 child)
This is breathtaking !
[–]keepingonandon[S] 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (0 children)
thank you! :)
[–]Ampsnotvolts 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (0 children)
This is really nice!
Applause and jealousy from one digital artist to another.
I want to animate it! Is it vector?
Keep on and on!
[–]awsnapitsrachel 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (0 children)
Are you going to be selling prints? I'd love to have this on my wall.
[–]drglass 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (0 children)
I really love the style and softness of this. Though I can't help but see her left eye as just getting punched and looking all sick and bruised with blood coming out... Maybe I'm just fucked up...
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1. 2007 BMW 325i Coupe
It is hard to resist the temptation of buying a BMW. If you are looking for a two-door sporty coupe and plan to invest up to 25K, do check this thing out. With the looks of a premium car adorned with the posh interior and a small, yet highly efficient 2.5L engine, this 325i Coupe is one of the best buys out there. It is a bit steep, but it is black, it is automatic and it will get you where you need to be in style.
2. 2006 Audi TT 3.2 V6 Quattro
Being an owner of the Audi TT is a ticket for entering a rather special circle of car community. Some will like you, the others won’t, but what is important is that you will have some proper fun. Especially with this one – the Audi TT with 3,2 liter V6 engine and a Quattro drive. It should definitely make you proud in more than one illegal race (you known it will happen at some point). This particular unit has covered quite a bit, but the 3,2 liter can still hoon hard.
3. 2010 Mercedes-Benz CLC200 Kompressor
This is almost the best way to stretch your 25 grand. Going all Merc is the best way if you can swallow the rather questionable look of the 2010 Mercedes-Benz CLC. It is basically a scaled down version of the C-class with all the stuff you like. Taking all that into account, the two door vehicle should be reliable, nice to drive and with the supercharged engine, fun as hell.
4. 1978 Lincoln Continental
Let us go back to the past for a moment. Taking a spin in the proper Lincoln Continental from the 1978 costs at reasonable $24.500. Actually, for that sort of money, you basically own the car Elvis Presley would drive. With an enormous 7.5L engine and luxury amenities such as Air Conditioning, AM/FM Stereo, Cassette Player, Cruise Control, Power-assisted Steering (PAS), Power Seats, Power Windows, and Tilt Steering Wheel it is hard to find a better looker than this one.
5. 2015 Toyota GT86 GTS
Check this out. It may only have 200hp and look a bit daft, but many stories about it have been told and every one of them is epic. This is the most fun you can have in a new car for a reasonable amount of money. The 2015 Toyota GT86 going almost new for 25 grand will make you heart racing. And if you browse the aftermarket tuning parts for it, you will soon realise what a monster GT86 can become in no time.

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The first piece of news that your set search engine shows this morning is – the latest report from the Huffington Post – packed tender coconut factor is America's latest health fad! From building bones to shedding weight – coconut water is a miracle drink: celebs and their health instructors have certified!! So, has your mind raced back to your mid-school science knowledge? Coconut water has electrolytes such as Potassium/ Sodium/ Magnesium, and now you hear that people are using supplements of magnesium for weight loss?
The school science books and its instructors always stated that after calcium, it is magnesium that helps your bones and tissue formation. Confused? Do you have a couple of minutes to spare – it's weight loss, after all; this content will give you an idea of exactly how this magnesium and weight loss complex relationship work.
Table of Contents
Magnesium for weight loss – what’s the truth?
Journal of Nutrition, in its 2013 meta-analysis, published: that the higher the magnesium consumption – the lower the fasting glucose level. Lower the glucose levels; the lower its chances of being stored as fat – therefore: the thinner the waistline and the lower the weight.
That's just a brief of the role of magnesium in weight loss. Its time to delve into details –
As a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes, magnesium singularly controls and regulates the activities of muscles, nerves, insulin, and myocardium. Being an electrolyte, it transfers energy within and outside of your cells. Now, it is magnesium that directs the insulin level in the body to usher glucose (which makes energy) into the cell. Rather, the magnesium content of a body provides insulin the sensitivity to act in a desired manner.
So, when one talks of magnesium for weight loss, it implies that – the magnesium amount in a body is low naturally insulin, and thereby glucose levels are high – but the glucose does not act accordingly. Instead of producing energy for the body, it converts to fat and is stored in the body. Result: Weight gain. Sudden abnormal weight gain related to magnesium deficiency has been scientifically proven.
Correct magnesium level in the body also manages water retention of a body. Excess water is drained out – via urine or sweat. One can therefore understand how magnesium also maintains the body's water weight.
#Did you know? – The obesity in one’s abdominal area is also due to low magnesium levels?
Yes!! It so happens that when the body is magnesium deficient, then insulin levels are unmonitored. Therefore, that 'extra insulin' is deposited in abdominal tissue. A clear reference to this has been made in the book –‘ The Magnesium Factor’ by Seelig and Rosanoff.
#Did you know – Magnesium, Obesity, and Stress are in a relationship?
The cortisol produced causes a metabolic shutdown thanks to stress in the body. With near to minimal metabolic activity, weight loss is next to impossible. It is magnesium that comes as a savior and neutralizes the effects of the same. Hence, if your metabolism is going bananas due to stress, it is bananas that will save your skin.
So, which magnesium supplement will your body accept? Supplements such as oxide and chloride of magnesium as well as – gluconate and orotate of the same are the primary ones accepted by the human body. Though other supplements are also accepted by the body, how it reacts with the body data is not updated.
#An important note – According to some independent research conducted by a notable US Medical College, magnesium citrate has been shown to help in losing weight. Magnesium for weight loss – here's the catch: It helps in bowel movements and thereby adequate water loss. Also, it assists in reducing the resistance of insulin and thereby improves energy production.
Data right from the medical corridors
When medical data back any theory, its standing immediately receives a huge boost. This article may be on the benefits of magnesium for weight loss; however, one cannot deny other areas where magnesium promotes health.
#Medical Tip for a Lifetime: Only a healthy body can manage its weight externally!
1. People with Type -2 diabetes must consume 250 – 350 mg of magnesium on a daily basis. This will help to maintain their sugar level in the body improving insulin sensitivity.
2. According to standards of the Recommended Dietary Allowance - For Males: between the age of 19 – 51 and above: 400-420 mg of magnesium consumption is a must. For Females: between the age of 19 – 51 and above: the limit is 310 – 320 mg of magnesium consumption.
3. When Pregnant women are concerned – (350-360mg magnesium) is daily required – while for Lactating mothers – the range is normal: from 310 mg to 320mg.
4. If one only relies on supplements of magnesium for weight loss, then the upper limit is strictly fixed at 350mg (irrespective of gender/ age/ any other criteria)
5. The Journal of Sports Science and Medicine – in its last 2013 survey on magnesium, found: that supplements of magnesium oxide specifically reduced post-workout blood pressure in males
6. An Independent study made by: Diabetes Care (2014) – shows magnesium intake daily reduces Type-2 diabetes risk by up to 32%
7. The European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences – has proven results wherein magnesium prevents chances of specific cancers.
Which food will power pack your plate?
Now that you know that magnesium for weight loss – is just not a fad, your search next is – what are those 'magnesium-rich' foods. Here's the list –
1. For vegetarians – If you survive on nature's medicine, your choices are: Spinach (imagine Popeye – he's a sailor after all) / Raw Broccoli/ Tofu/ Brown Rice/ Lentils/ Okra/ Wholegrain Cereal – Barley/Oat Bran/ Quinoa/ Kidney Beans / Peanuts, Hazel Nuts, and the whole nut brand.
2. For fruit lovers – Banana is a top choice. Follow it up with – kiwis, guavas, raspberries, dried figs, avocados (does it even have a negative?), grapefruit, papayas, and blackberries
3. If you love your meat – then white meat eaters: salmon, halibut, and mackerel are your poison. For the others, chicken breast is a great addition to your magnesium plate.
Finish your meal with a small piece of authentic Swiss dark chocolate (must have 75 – 80% cocoa). It can sweetly increase your magnesium level.
Ready for some grocery shopping? Wait then another minute; here's some quickies that will encourage you to buy a little more than normal -
Some quickies on magnesium power
If you have wrapped up your knowledge on how useful magnesium for weight loss is, it is time to check some core facts on this mineral. Here's a list –
1. Magnesium is high on fiber/ free of gluten/low on fat – a golden triad for weight management.
2. Medical researchers have shown instances where – bodies with high magnesium intake: lowered chances of cardiovascular diseases, increased bodies' immunity response to chronic illness, and brought down chances of specifically colon cancer.
3. Magnesium intake (2018 US Medical Journal Study shows) – regulates stress hormones and relieves anxiety. Results from studies on its effect on depression are yet to come.
4. Its role in strengthening bones is no new knowledge. Magnesium content helps to activate Vitamin D in kidneys and bones, improving bone density and crystal formation. High in calcium absorption, this lowers osteoporosis risks (especially in women, given that after 35, their bone density starts reducing)
5. Magnesium improves muscular strength and flexibility. Correct expansion and contraction of muscles are a feat achieved due to correct magnesium content in the body.
6. Magnesium also is a key ingredient in your enamel. So, if your gum is swelling or a tooth is moving towards erosion, run off to check the magnesium standard.
That was quite much information, wasn't it? Who thought, albeit not you, that - magnesium for weight loss would also be in your search history! But then, as they say, minerals are multifaceted when it comes to providing health, even if by enhancing weight loss. So, step up on your magnesium levels, and kick-start a nutritional mineral shedding process. You do have bananas in your fridge, right? Well!!


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The London burger brand first acquired a 1,500 sq ft site in the seaside city’s busy South Lanes area last year.
The 50-cover restaurant will be the group's first launch outside the capital, offering the same menu as the its London sites including the Ari Gold cheeseburger and Hot Chic chicken burger.
Patty & Bun currently operates nine sites in London and has a permanent residency at golf venue Swingers LDN.
Property agency Shelley Sandzer acted for Patty & Bun to secure the Brighton site.
“We are really excited to kick off 2018 with the opening of our first restaurant outside of London,” says Joe Grossman, founder of Patty & Bun.
“[We] are looking forward to working with Shelley Sandzer again as part of our regional growth in the UK.”
Patty & Bun started out as a London pop-up before launching its first permanent restaurant in 2012.

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On 16 June 2020 Gabriela Ramos participated in a virtual webinar entitled “Beyond GDP: What Counts for economic and social performance? Understanding different daily life challenges in Europe?” co-hosted by the HLEG and Bertelsmann Stiftung. She was joined by Brigitte Mohn, Member of the Executive Board, Bertelsmann Stiftung; Christian Kastrop, State Secretary, Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection; former Director, Europe’s Future, Bertelsmann Stiftung; Joseph E. Stiglitz, HLEG Co-Chair and Nobel Prize Laureate; Martine Durand, HLEG Co-Chair and former OECD Chief Statistician; Wolfgang Schmidt, State Secretary, Federal Ministry of Finance; Gary Gillespie, Chief Economist, Scottish Government; Dennis Snower, Global Solutions Initiative. Find the recording of the session below, session agenda here, summary here, and Gabriela’s remarks as delivered below.
A) What do you think are some of the most urgent priorities here, from an inequality and vulnerability perspective?
- Thank you, Martine [Durand, Chair of this session].
- Dear State Secretary [Wolfgang Schmidt], distinguished guests,
- First, I’d like to thank the Bertelsmann Foundation for organising this important meeting and for supporting the High Level Expert Group on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (HLEG).
- When we set up the HLEG in 2013, our central message was “what we measure affect what we do. If we measure the wrong thing, we will do the wrong thing. If we don’t measure something, it becomes neglected, as if the problem didn’t exist”. This was a strong message that continues to guide the work at the OECD.
- In a crisis moment like this, we take a step back and think what matters most to us. And what we care about most are falling apart.
- Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic unveiled in a more dramatic way the accumulation of our vulnerabilities as societies and economies.
- First, this health crisis bluntly reminded us that high-quality and affordable universal health coverage is the foundation to protecting the most vulnerable. It has put the spotlight on inadequate health security and preparedness, including inadequate healthcare facilities and resources such as shortages of hospital beds, medicines, ventilators and healthcare workforce.
- We need to analyse why some countries like Germany had better results… Because they have already built resilience in the health systems. Particularly in this crisis, the most important bottlenecks in hospital capacity are caused by a lack of intensive care beds.
- No wonder Germany managed the pandemic well, with the highest number of intensive care beds in the OECD [33.9 per 100,000] compared to Italy for example even with UHC [8.5 per 100,000].
- We need capable governments that are fit to address the multiple gaps in the health care systems. Needless to say, universal health coverage is a must.
- Today, about 925 million people spend more than 10% of their household income on healthcare; 200 million people spend more than 25% of their income on health. Look at the countries with universal health coverage (South Korea, Singapore, Japan) which managed better.
- And the sustainability of healthcare workers….In fact, the virus has particularly profound implications for developing countries since about 90% of low-income countries face health-worker shortages.
- Building a strong health system should be our priority. This is not a cost but an investment for a better future.
- Second, the crisis has laid bare pre-existing gaps in social protection provisions.
- 55 % of the world’s population (4 billion people) are NOT covered by social insurance or social assistance. Globally, ONLY 20 % of unemployed people are covered by unemployment benefits, and in some regions the coverage is much lower.
- Even in countries with the most advanced systems of social protection, some workers and their families miss out: workers with non-standard jobs [the self-employed, temporary, and informal workers, and those who work very short hours] are often not covered by insurance-based unemployment and sickness benefit schemes.
- Furthermore, as migrants across the OECD lose their jobs and their livelihoods, they also lose their ability to send remittances to their families. With remittances estimated to fall by close to 20% in 2020, this is likely to put even further strain on the budgets of vulnerable households, including in emerging and developing countries.
No wonder the most affected are the ones that were already struggling. We need to fix this.
- Going forward, we need to be mindful. The magnitude of the impact is so big that people will want growth at any cost.
- Our society is already increasingly divided not least because of the social distancing but because the crisis has basically shed light on all kinds of inequalities.
- We need to include distributional outcomes, and sustainability issues. We need to see the outcomes for the most affected and intervene there.
We already know that inequalities have a compounding effect.
First, COVID may deepen the intergenerational divide and create a lost generation of youth.
- The Economic Outlook that we released last week highlights that if we are unable to avoid a second wave, OECD unemployment rate would nearly double to 10% with little recovery of jobs expected in 2021.
- Youth are the particularly hard hit by this economic fallout. Already, more than 1 in 6 young people have stopped working since the onset of the pandemic or have working hours cut by 23%.
- Furthermore, lockdown will increase the risk of dropping out from education and employment since the more we spend out of school or employment makes the transition back to normal more difficult.
- Our research shows that it is the most disadvantaged who have the greatest risk of learning loss from school breaks.
- It can take up to 6 weeks of adjustment time for these students to be mentally and physically ready to re-engage with the curriculum after a summer break.
- So the crisis might cast a dark shadow over children’s future well-being.
- We are particularly concerned about the projected rise in child poverty of 15% (or 86 million more children), based on UNICEF data.
- As we moved towards teleworking and e-learning, the digital divide has created clear winners and losers.
- Indeed, half of the world’s population now connected to the Internet.
- Across the OECD, 22% of children from the lowest socio-economic status don’t have internet access.
- We need urgent investment in affordable and sustainable digital infrastructure.
- And, women have also been disproportionately affected as they are facing many burdens: unpaid work (3 times as much as men on average in the OECD); over-representation in informal economy without adequate social protection (60% globally and 73% for young women); overrepresentation in the hardest hit sectors; and access to liquidity for women owned businesses.
We need to urgently address this disproportionate impact.
Solutions? We need to drive the people-centred growth.
- The pandemic has inspired an outpouring of public appreciation for the front line workers – doctors and nurses are the most obvious but they actually represent less than 20% of all essential health workers. Too often, we overlook the heroism and dignity of millions of under-paid, under-valued and essential workers, including cleaners in an acute nursing facility or waste pickers or food vendors. Or I would say teachers as well! Despite their contributions to our society and this health crisis, they do not get the respect that they deserve.
- Healthcare workers: Nursing assistants, house keepers, medical assistants, etc – their median pay is just $13.48 an hour in the US for example. And let’s not forget about another layer of inequality – 70% of the health care workers are women.
- Teachers: ONLY 26% of teachers on average across OECD countries (TALIS) think that the work they do is valued by society.
- And informal workers who provide essential services. Many are essential workers who today are responsible for ensuring food security, collecting our waste and recyclables, and providing care work. Despite the tremendous value of this work in sustaining our economies and societies, informal workers are too often excluded or marginalized within economic and social policy.
- Going forward, this needs to change.
To fulfil this mission, we need to rethink the growth model, and it begins with reviewing our objectives. Societal progress should not be measured by income and outputs. Instead it should be based on multidimensional well-being (educational attainment, social connection, good health, environmental quality, economic and personal security) – the things that matter in people’s lives.
But better measures of “social progress” is not enough. What matters is to anchor these measures in the policy process.
It is actually encouraging to see that more than half of OECD governments have now developed their own well-being and sustainable development indicator dashboards.
And well-being is not just for measurement, it is to be used to inform policy at national [New Zealand’s well-being budget is the most visible approach, but also Italy and France have used well-being metrics in national budget. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have used subjective well-being measures in cost-benefit analysis] and international level [EU Council Conclusions on the Economy of well-being under the Finnish Presidency in 2019]
These experiences hold the promise of delivering policies that, because they go beyond the traditional silos, are more effective in achieving their goals and in improving people’s lives, as well as in overcoming the barriers between elites and others that are at the root of today’s political crises.
- The shadow of 2008 falls over the outlook today. In the Economic Outlook released just last week at the Ministerial Council Roundtable, we provided a dual outlook scenario.
- In the case where we avoid a second wave of infections, we will see global economic activity fall 6% in 2020 and unemployment climb from 5.4% in 2019 to 9.2% (nearly double!). This is far greater than anything experienced during the 2008 financial crisis. In the case where we are unable to avoid a second wave, OECD unemployment rate would nearly double to 10% with little recovery of jobs expected in 2021.
- Even more concerning are the long-lasting effects to the most vulnerable people in our society.
- In fact, we thought that we learnt a lesson from the 2008 crisis, where the GDP loss brought down people’s well-being in the recession and the subsequent weak recovery. What followed was a reinforcement of pre-existing inequalities (income and wealth) as well as a birth of new inequalities (skills, social mobility, and subjective well-being), which in turn is causing political and social upheaval.
- On average, OECD households spent around 21% of their disposable income on housing costs, and nearly 1 in 5 lower-income households spent more than 40%.
- 30% of households were living in overcrowded conditions in Mexico, Latvia and Poland.
- Middle-income households will also struggle to make ends meet as 1 in 5 middle-income households spends more than it earns across the OECD. In most OECD countries, over-indebtedness is more widespread among middle-income households than among low and high-income households, and concerns around 11% of middle-income households on average. With a loss of income and job security across all OECD countries, middle and lower classes will be further squeezed.
Measures taken by countries to support the affected workers and SMEs.
- Countries have responded by ramping up their income-support programmes and get money into the hands of those who need it most:
- Stepping up means-tested support to bolster the incomes of those with the least resources (11 of 37 OECD countries);
- Providing targeted transfers to support those whose vulnerability has been revealed by the crisis 28 countries);
- Offering universal transfers, to ensure a rapid pay-out and limit the number of people that fall through the cracks (3 countries); and
- Providing direct relief to those unable to meet their expenses (27 countries).
Where and towards which population groups should we be focusing our efforts?
- Child well-being needs to be a priority in the COVID recovery and the higher level of investment and better policy making required to manage the impact of this crisis. Stress concern of projected rise in child poverty of 15% or 86 million more children and need of the international community and country governments need to respond quickly to protect children and invest in child well-being.
- Education and school is one of the main channel through which confinement is exacerbating existing stressors and inequalities. Learning loss is a critical issue. Children from disadvantaged families typically lose one month of learning during the two month break from school over summer. This loss is cumulative. In fact, children from advantaged families can make learning gains through parental support and new opportunities to learn.
- Evidence from the joint OECD-Harvard study reveals that many children and youth are not actively engaged in distance learning, particularly the most vulnerable: only about half of students are able to access all or most of the curriculum.
- Extended confinement will create problems once schools and centres re-open, in particular school routines and ability to concentrate. Deliberate effort is needed to rebuild student’s engagement and avoid increases in school drop-outs, makeup for lack of access for disadvantaged children, and support children making school transitions. Schools need to provide special measures for students exposed to violence at home and experiencing higher levels of psychological stress.
- Efforts needs to be made to keep young people engaged in training and education and the labour market. One Lesson from the Great Recession is that the problem of young people not in education or employment (NEET) is structural and will persist after economies pick up.
- Governments need to build commitment across the public administration, set procedures and prepare guidelines to applying a youth and intergenerational lens in crisis response and recovery measures. Targeted policies and services are needed for the most vulnerable youths, including young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs); young migrants; homeless youth; and young women, adolescents and children facing increased risks of domestic violence.
- Making social protection more responsive and addressing structural issues:
- The COVID‑19 is accentuating a range of structural challenges of social protection systems that need to be addressed to ensure that social protection serves inclusive growth. For example, even in countries with the most advanced systems of social protection, some workers and their families miss out: workers with non-standard jobs –the self-employed, temporary, and informal workers, and those who work very short hours –are often not covered while others already out of work before the crisis face protracted hardship. In countries with large informal sectors and weak social protection systems, where growing numbers of people lose work without any access to income support, the situation is worse.
- Policymakers need to get money into the hands of people who need it as quick as possible and deign new programmes to capture all. OECD countries have adopted different approaches from means-tested support to temporary transfers, universal transfers, and targeted relief. For example, the US and Japan have provided money transfers to citizens, and France, Finland, Japan and the UK have extended deadlines for tax submissions.
- Careful consideration of how support programmes can be made as effective and as sustainable as possible is needed, over the coming months and possibly years. For example, making minimum-income protection more responsive, through timely reassessments of entitlements in the face of rapidly changing circumstances.
- On supporting Vulnerable Workers and Companies:
- Paid sick leave is a crucial tool in slowing the infection: Extending paid sick leave coverage to non-standard workers, including the self-employed is important and SME need to be provided financial compensation.
- Immediate measures are needed to secure jobs and incomes, and grant firms flexibility to recruit staff replacements, where necessary. Low-skilled, low-wage, and young people may be the most vulnerable to job losses because they are in the sectors most at risk. They are less likely to hold jobs that allow them to telework.
- Important lesson learned from the Great Recession is the positive role that short-time work (STW) schemes can play in mitigating the economic and social costs of major economic crises. For instance, Korea relaxed the requirements for its employment retention subsidy programme and raised for six months the wage subsidy that companies can claim if they keep their employees on paid-leave or leave-of-absence programmes.
- Many firms need financial support, particularly small firms. Several countries have taken rapid steps to help firms to cut costs or to provide them with liquidity by permitting a deferral of tax and social contribution payments, and provisions of temporary loans and grants. Australia, for instance, announced a package to reduce the financial burden to SMEs including changes in depreciation rules and the possibility for businesses hit hard by the downturn to defer tax obligations.
 Joint projection by UNICEF and Save the Children
 Taken from Schooling disrupted, schooling rethought: How the Covid-19 pandemic is changing education (2020)
 Taken from Supporting Livelihoods Brief
 Taken from supporting people and companies brief

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The report, “Transportation in Transition: A Look at Changing Travel Patterns in America’s Biggest Cities,” is based on the most current available government data. It is the first ever national study to compare transportation trends for America’s largest cities and lists results for each.
Among its national findings:
- The proportion of workers commuting by private vehicle—either alone or in a carpool—declined in 99 out of 100 of America’s most populous urbanized areas between 2000 and the 2007-2011 period averaged in U.S. Census data.
- From 2006 to 2011, the average number of miles driven per resident fell in almost three-quarters of America’s largest urbanized areas for which up-to-date and accurate Federal Highway Administration data are available (54 out of 74 urban areas).
- The proportion of households without cars increased in 84 out of the 100 largest urbanized areas from 2006 to 2011. The proportion of households with two cars or more cars decreased in 86 out of the 100 of these areas during that period. - The proportion of residents bicycling to work increased in 85 out of 100 of America’s largest urbanized areas between 2000 and 2007-2011.
- The number of passenger-miles traveled per capita on transit increased in 60 out of 98 of America’s large urbanized areas whose trends could be analyzed between 2005 and 2010.


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KORAPUT: The murder of a contractor by Maoists in Malkangiri for undertaking works in the cut-off area has raised questions over the implementation of development projects, as other contractors are now panicky.
The Red rebels had gunned down Purna Chandra Dalai (35) near the spillway ferry point within Chitrakonda police limits about a week ago.
"We are very scared. We are having second thoughts about working here," said a contractor working in the cut-off area. The cut-off area is considered a hub of extremists and they had abducted former Malkangiri collector R Vineel Krishna and junior engineer Pabitra Mohan Majhi from there in February.
Construction of roads and bridges, in the cut-off area would go a long way in solving the connectivity problem and extremism in Malkangiri . But the Red rebels have successfully stopped execution of several projects in the six extremists-dominated panchayats. tnn
Officials said though tenders are floated for work in the cut-off area, they rarely get any takers due to the presence of Maoists. "Most of the times we do not get any takers. So we try to get the job done through small contractors. But after the murder, contractors are reluctant to work in the cut-off area but we are trying to convince them," a Malkangiri district official said.
The state government needs to construct two bridges - one over river Gurupriya and another over river Sileru. This will help connect the cut-off area with the mainland and expedite development work. Since 2004, the state government has floated tenders half a dozen times since 2004 but no party participated in the process out of fear of Maoists. Though on the fourth occasion, Gammon India (a leading construction company) came forward, got the contract and even set up a site office, the Red rebels did not allow it to work.


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Emergency management planners could reduce losses and strengthen community resilience by mapping socially vulnerable areas and focusing hazard mitigation efforts where they are most needed, said Shannon Van Zandt, director of Texas A&M’s Center for Housing and Urban Development, speaking at an April 11-12 community development conference in Washington, D.C.
Sponsored by the Federal Reserve System, the conference, "Resilience and Rebuilding for Low-Income Communities ,” attracted individuals interested in how research can inform low-income community development policy and practice, including representatives from government and nonprofit organizations, financial institutions, think tanks and consulting firms.
Referencing several studies she helped conduct in Galveston, Texas in the wake of 2008's Hurricane Ike, Van Zandt showed that disparities existed for economically disadvantaged populations at every stage of disaster response and recovery. As opposed to middle- and high-income residents, she said, evacuation of the island's lower-income population was delayed, they had less access to private and public recovery resources, their property sustained a greater degree of damage from the storm and was either less likely to be repaired or was repaired at a slower rate.
“Lower-income populations often live in low-lying areas and in lower-quality homes,” said Van Zandt, which exposes them to greater risk during a disaster. "Vulnerable populations are less likely to have access to information and resources enabling them to anticipate and respond to threats, yet they are more often than not the groups who most need to heed warnings to evacuate or seek shelter.”
Social vulnerability mapping, she said, would reveal disparities that make a difference when it comes to the capacity of residents to respond, mobilize resources and bounce back from natural or other types of disasters.
The research presented at the conference was co-authored by Van Zandt, Walter Gillis Peacock, director of Texas A&M’s Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center, Himanshu Grover, assistant professor of urban and regional planning at the University of Buffalo and Wesley Highfield, assistant professor of marine sciences at Texas A&M University. Their findings were published in the January 2012 issue of Housing Policy Debate.


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Just wondering if anyone has heard of this or had any experience? There are a few products out there but the websites don't look too pro. I just stumbled upon this article and it seemed interesting. I then searched google and found a lot of related information.
After so many years (eleven) of having chronic candida overgrowth I've discovered that in order to get to the root cause of your candida you have to find out what is suppressing your immune system. Candida overgrowth can only occur when the immune system is weakened or suppressed. In my case, the mercury in my silver tooth fillings is what's weakening my immune system. I'm working on having them replaced with the white fillings.
I said all of that to make the point that there are many many candida killers out there (I believe I've tried almost all of them). They do a good job of killing a lot of the candida initially, but it will always come back if the root cause of your suppressed immunity isn't addressed.
Find out what is consistently suppressing your immune system, take care of that, then work on killing the candida for good.
It amazes me how many NATURAL doctors don't take this approach, but instead prescribe "NATURAL" killers instead of attacking the root of the problem which is your overall health and immune system.
Figure out what's really wrong, fix that, and your body will start to slowly correct itself. Killing the candida may work temp. or as long as you take the med but when you stop it will come back slowly... just make sure you fix your underlying problem, then kill it, and get all better.
I agree. But I think many natural health practitioners never think or learn about what turns out to be a very common immune system suppressor, mercury. And most of it comes from those horrible (not to mention horrifying) dental fillings.
I spent YEARS going to doctors. I even found a few natural practitioners who kept telling me to kill the candida with herbs and supplements, get off sugars, do colonics, and repopulate my gut with good bacteria. I went around in a circle that way for years. I spent hundreds, perhaps thousands of dollars on "high quality", "billions of bacteria per capsule" probiotics and cultured foods like kefir and yogurt. And continued to be nothing but sick and broke. Then I began to wonder why it seemed virtually impossible to repopulate my intestines with good flora. They just wouldn't proliferate and the candida would eventually take hold again.
Finally after much research and the process of elimination, as well as paying close attention to when my health REALLY began to decline, I realized the culprit can't be anything else but mercury. Although the symptoms didn't become debilitating until I hit my 30s, my health began to decline around the time a dentist put several mercury fillings in my mouth when I was an adolescent. It all adds up. It feels great to finally have a definitive answer. But it's also maddening because now I have to deal with the cost of replacing the fillings AND the side efffects from detoxing the mercury after. I still can't believe that dentists committed such atrosities on so many helpless children, knowing full well what they were doing and not giving a crap. It makes me mad as hell.
What are some other causes of immunodeficiency besides mercury amalgams? I had some mold issues, but I have since removed myself from the mold and have seen improvement but not resolution to the candida. I also could have a touch of HPV. I have low testosterone and low pancreatic enzymes, which could be the cause or the result of candida. What else is there?
Forgot to mention...if you think mercury toxicity from your fillings for example could be your problem as well, don't forget to get on a mercury detoxification program after you get the fillings replaced. After that, work on killing the left over candida.


There is a video making the rounds today that shows an Emory University student getting arrested in the library. The video is causing quite a stink as people line up on one of two sides in the situation.
Here’s the quick synopsis that comes with the video:
Even with finals approaching Emory University saw it fitting to arrest a graduate student in the library for trying to help keep a homeless woman from being sent outside in the cold rain. Shame on you Emory Police and Emory University.
Clearly, whoever posted the video has a stance that’s pretty anti-police regarding the situation and the poster clearly views the graduate student as a victim in this mess.
When I watched the video, I saw something completely different.
I saw a dude who refused multiple requests from the cops to give ‘em his ID.
I saw a dude that blatantly ignored the officers and tried to walk off.
I saw a dude who decided he was going to start texting and narrating for his friend who was videotaping.
What’s more, the Emory University Facebook page gave a rundown of the situation that pretty much indicates counters the “helping a homeless woman from getting kicked out into the rain” argument.
“Tuesday, December 6 at about 11:30 pm, Emory police officers responded to a call from library staff regarding a woman who was sitting down in the entrance vestibule of the Woodruff Library and appeared to need assistance. As the officers attempted to assess the woman’s condition, they were repeatedly interrupted by a man who said he was a student and demanded to know what they were doing. He refused repeatedly to leave the vestibule and refused to produce an ID, as Emory students are required to do upon request by university officers. The woman in distress was transported to a hospital for medical evaluation. She was not arrested. The student, identified as Joseph Diaz, was arrested for obstructing or hindering law enforcement officers. Emory is still actively gathering information about this incident.”
Now I’ll let y’all peep the video and you can tell me what you think.
Personally, I think the cops were probably rougher than they needed to be with this dude, but all he had to do to put the kibosh on the whole thing was hand over his student ID. Instead he kept “poking the bear” and refused all their requests and walked off.
Call me crazy, but if a couple of cops have me surrounded and they want my student ID, that’s a pretty simple request. I think I’d just go ahead and pass the damn thing over to avoid, well, exactly what happened.
So what do all y’all think?
Is the dude an innocent victim in this situation or did he bring this on himself by ignoring the cops and trying to walk off?
Let me hear it in the comments.


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Hello, I am new here and have not even brought clay yet... so am new to clay. I would like to sculpt faces, do not own a kiln so would need air drying clay... saying that I have been looking at clay and maybe kiln clay would be the way to go so that I have a lot of time to work with it without it drying out, I could then find a kiln later or just re-use the clay to start again... or is that not possible?
Anyway, I need to know what is the best clay to use for sculpting faces, and also where to buy in the UK.
Then I have the questions of ... what would I use to hold the head up?? Do I need wooden blocks etc?? So many questions.... but these are the ones I need to know the answers to for now.
Any good tutorials that anyone knows of would also be great.
Thankyou very much.
HI. i live in the uk type in alec tiranti for everything you need including tutorials and books.


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UAW Cosponsors with KISS-FM, EMG Foundation on Sleeping bag drive to benefit homeless
Countless people are facing staggering statistics of homelessness throughout the country in 2020. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, 8,351 people are homeless on any given night in the state of Michigan alone. That is why the UAW joined and the EMG Foundation to cosponsor a sleeping bag drive for the homeless.
The Mildred Gaddis show broadcasted the Bed in a Bag Radiothon live on Sunday, Dec. 6, 2020, from McDonalds, located at 1000 Mack Ave Detroit, Michigan from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. The 6th annual event is a community effort to raise money for sleeping bags, hats, socks and other cold-weather necessities given directly to homeless residents.
President Rory L. Gamble is asking the community to make a donation to help keep the less fortunate warm.


Thieves in Edinburgh have been filmed making their getaway with two bicycles after they broke into an alarmed bike store at a house in The Inch district of the Scottish capital.
The footage of the theft, which took place last Thursday 11 November at around noon, was posted to Facebook by Edison Mallare, who said that it had left him “shaken and very angry because they even threaten my family.”
Photographs also posted to Facebook show that the thieves prised open the top of the bike storage unit before cutting through a cable lock securing the bikes in what appears to be a well-planned operation.
In the video, the pair of miscreants – both dressed in black and wearing hoods and masks – can be seen tossing the bikes over the garden fence, where at least one accomplice is waiting, before vaulting it themselves.
Edison, who was at work at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh at the time, told road.cc: “My son filmed this while my daughter was calling the police.
“My wife ran downstairs and locked the back door as the third guy in the grey tracksuit was approaching our back door with a piece of log threatening to hit whoever came out to stop them.”
The footage shows the family’s next-door neighbour rushing out and climbing on top of the fence before stopping, presumably because the thieves have already made their getaway.
However, in a reply to a comment on Facebook, Edison said that another neighbour had recovered one of the bikes, adding, “Still good people out there.”
That bike belongs to his wife, and Edison told road.cc that he believed the thieves had left it in an alleyway because during the theft the rear mudguard was dented, causing the wheel to seize, meaning they could not ride it away.
He added that “the alarm went off and the bikes were double locked with cables,” but they “ did not stand a chance against bolt cutters,” and that the “Asgard bike storage was not secured against the cutter as they cut the shroud cover for the padlocks.”
The bike the thieves did get away with is a red Orbea Wild FS.
It is the latest in a series of robberies and thefts of bicycles across the UK that we have reported on in recent weeks, many taking place in broad daylight and in the presence of witnesses.
Last month, the Metropolitan Police arrested a youth following a string of bikejackings by thieves on mopeds in London’s Richmond Park, with the victims in some cases threatened with machetes.
In Birmingham, West Midlands Police have stepped up patrols on the city’s waterways after a number of incidents in which cyclists have been mugged for their bikes while riding along canal towpaths.
And earlier this month in Surrey Quays, south London, thieves used an angle grinder to cut through a lock to steal an e-bike outside the busy shopping centre, with footage taken by a bystander passed to the bike’s owner and police in a bid to track down the gang.
Simon joined road.cc as news editor in 2009 and is now the site’s community editor, acting as a link between the team producing the content and our readers. A law and languages graduate, published translator and former retail analyst, he has reported on issues as diverse as cycling-related court cases, anti-doping investigations, the latest developments in the bike industry and the sport’s biggest races. Now back in London full-time after 15 years living in Oxford and Cambridge, he loves cycling along the Thames but misses having his former riding buddy, Elodie the miniature schnauzer, in the basket in front of him.


Good morning and welcome to your weekday morning roundup of the top stories you need to know.
For more daily and weekly briefings, sign up for our newsletters here.
What's going on today:
- Mitch McConnell quashes hopes for Congressional bipartisanship again. McConnell said Wednesday "100% of our focus is on stopping this new administration," prompting renewed calls from Democrats to end the Senate filibuster.
- Melinda Gates, a woman with an apparently very accurate Spidey sense, was reportedly upset and uncomfortable after she and Bill Gates met with Jeffrey Epstein. A new report from The Daily Beast says Melinda Gates was "furious" with Bill for maintaining a relationship with the convicted sex offender. It "still haunts" her, according to sources close to the couple.
- The US is on track to resettle the fewest number of refugees on record, despite President Biden recently raising the cap on admissions. Fewer than 300 refugees in April, pacing for an historic low this year
- Well, this is a new one. An attorney for an accused Capitol rioter claimed his client participated in the January 6 siege because he had 'Foxitus' and 'Foxmania' from watching Fox News for six months.
- Are those Bugle Boy jeans you're wearing? Newsmax's Greg Kelly posts a photo with Donald Trump, makes a joke only those alive in the '80s could love, admits he wears $1,200 Balmain jeans, and is mercilessly ridiculed by the internet. The end.
That's all for now. See you Monday.
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India Macdonald Missing – Please Find India Macdonald Missing From Amersham Road
The Police is currently searching for a teenager reported missing from Amersham Road and they are requesting the public help in locating her.
India Macdonald, a 16-year-old was last seen last night at about 10 p.m. in Amersham Road.
Report says she may be heading towards London via train and urge every train users to keep an eye out for her.
Please call 101 or 999 to report sighting or information that will help in locating her.


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Bus safety measures advance in Tennessee legislature
A day after a measure to require seat belts on buses barely survived a House committee over concerns of estimated cost, the Senate took similar action on the companion bill in that chamber.
Sen. Todd Gardenhire, R-Chattanooga, filed the companion bill he said was largely the work of Rep. Joanne Favors, D-Chattanooga, who represents the area where the crash happened.
The bill easily survived in the Senate, even with concerns over the estimated cost and hypothetical situations about how to make sure the passengers are wearing the seat belts and what happens if a bus were to catch fire or crash into water.
"There comes a time when you have to say that there is no cost on a life," Favors said to questions about money.
Gardenhire asked for easy passage out of the education committee and said he expects a fight in the Senate Finance Committee, where the cost issue will likely get stiff debate.
Lawmakers have put a focus on trying to pass laws that would address some of the key issues that became apparent after a school bus crashed last fall and killed six children in Chattanooga.
The passengers on the bus were not wearing seat belts and the driver, Johnthony Walker, was just 24 at the time of the crash. Investigations have also showed he was speeding at the time of the crash, which was a contributing factor, and had prior driving offenses.
Favors' bills are just a few measures before lawmakers.
Gov. Bill Haslam has filed legislation that would not require seat belts, but would overhaul the oversight of school transportation and require regular training and appointment of a transportation supervisor for all schools in the state, including charter schools. Haslam has included a $350,000 budget appropriation in his proposed budget to cover the estimated cost of that program.
The House Finance subcommittee passed that bill, which would take effect Jan. 1, 2018 with little discussion, carried by Rep. David Hawk, R-Greeneville, and will be discussed next week by the full committee before heading to the floor.
The legislature has taken up bus safety measures before, but all have died over the cost concerns. Favors said about a decade ago, then Rep. Beth Harwell, R-Nashville, had similar bill with high fiscal note and died. Other similar bills have been proposed and had similar fates, but Favors said there was little effort with those measures to reduce the projected cost concerns.
Jake Lowary covers Tennessee politics and state government for the USA Today Network. Reach him at 615-881-7039 or follow him on Twitter @JakeLowary.


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Objective: The role of process modelling has been widely recognized for effective quality improvement. However, application in health care is somewhat limited since the health care community lacks knowledge about a broad range of methods and their applicability to health care. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to present a summary description of a limited number of distinct modelling methods and evaluate how health care workers perceive them.
Methods: Various process modelling methods from several different disciplines were reviewed and characterized. Case studies in three different health care scenarios were carried out to model those processes and evaluate how health care workers perceive the usability and utility of the process models.
Results: Eight distinct modelling methods were identified and characterized by what the modelling elements in each explicitly represents. Flowcharts, which had been most extensively used by the participants, were most favoured in terms of their usability and utility. However, some alternative methods, although having been used by a much smaller number of participants, were considered to be helpful, specifically in understanding certain aspects of complex processes, e.g. communication diagrams for understanding interactions, swim lane activity diagrams for roles and responsibilities and state transition diagrams for a patient-centred perspective.
Discussion: We believe that it is important to make the various process modelling methods more easily accessible to health care by providing clear guidelines or computer-based tool support for health care-specific process modelling. These supports can assist health care workers to apply initially unfamiliar, but eventually more effective modelling methods.


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The relationship between referring veterinarians and the Auburn patient care team is integral to the health and well-being of patients. Consistent communication is critical to providing the very best care for patients both during and after treatment here at Auburn. Our board-certified clinicians, combined with state-of-the-art facilities, enable our team to evaluate, diagnose and treat even the most challenging cases, while ensuring our patients can benefit from the latest clinical trials, research and treatment protocols. We rely on this relationship with referring veterinarians to ensure the best possible care for our shared clients.
Referrals for the Small and Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospitals and Gulf Shores Veterinary Specialists vary according to the specific requirements of each facility. For information about referral processes, click on the facility below for which you will be referring a patient. Referrals are not required for the Auburn University Veterinary Clinic.
What To Expect
The Auburn University Veterinary Teaching Hospitals located in both Auburn and Gulf Shores, offer access to board-certified veterinarians, veterinary residents in advanced specialist training programs, animal health technicians, patient care specialists, client service representatives, administrators and veterinary students. The team works together to provide the most advanced medical, surgical and diagnostic services to animal owners and referring veterinarians while delivering the highest possible standard of compassionate veterinary care and training for the next generation of veterinary practitioners and specialists. We appreciate your patience and understanding while allowing both our clinicians and future Auburn veterinarians to care for your patients.
Beyond caring for our patients and clients, communication with our referring veterinarians is our top priority. Communication with the referring vet will begin as quickly as possible following the referred patient’s admission. Our protocol is to communicate periodically throughout the hospitalization and immediately if any significant change occurs. Additionally, you will be notified at the time the patient is discharged from the hospital and discharge summaries will be emailed/faxed to you directly.
If you feel that you have not received an acceptable level of communication, please contact the clinician directly at the appropriate phone number listed below.
Small Animal Client Advocate and Referral Liaisons
At the Bailey Small Animal Teaching Hospital, two key positions help ensure a strong relationship among referring veterinarians, animal owners and teaching hospital employees. The referring veterinarian liaisons and client advocate are dedicated to facilitating knowledgeable relationship-centered communication among the Auburn patient care team, referring veterinarian and client. These employees support a seamless referral process for the primary veterinarian, care for the client’s needs and provide the hospital care team with necessary medical information.
The referral liaisons are responsible for assisting veterinarians in the referral of patient cases to the Bailey Small Animal Teaching Hospital for specialized care. The liaisons will facilitate key communication between the patient’s primary veterinarian and the teaching hospital’s patient care team.
The client advocate serves as liaison between clients and the hospital’s patient care team, while providing compassionate care, teaching hospital operational information and insight into the role veterinary students serve in their pet’s healthcare.
Small Animal Referral Liaison
Small Animal Referral Liaison
Bailey Small Animal Referrals: (334) 844-5230
Emergency/After Hours Bailey Small Animal Referrals: (334) 844-9966
Vaughan Large Animal Referrals: (334) 844-4490
Gulf Shores Small Animal Referrals: (251) 227-8480
All fees are due at time of service. Hospitalizations require a deposit at intake equal to half of the high estimate with remaining balance due at discharge. Owners will be notified of revised estimates due to additional necessary treatments or if additional charges for lab work, etc. are incurred after discharge. Payment accepted in the form of cash, check, MasterCard, Visa, American Express and Discover. Contact our Billing Office at (334) 844-4690 with any questions about your bill or for CareCredit assistance.

domain: pet


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New GM Rob Hennigan’s plan in Orlando was pretty clear — trade Dwight Howard for prospects, get young and get cheap and free up cap space to start chasing free agents in 2014 (he might have pictured a high lottery pick in there too, but Jacque Vaughn has his team overachieving and playing hard). Hennigan’s plan is still intact.
That plan did not include Ryan Anderson — the NBA’s best stretch four was trying to find someone, anyone to pay him last summer.
It ended up being the Hornets but it was not going to be the Magic because they weren’t even trying to get him, Anderson told the Orlando Sentinel.
“Some people have the crazy idea that I wanted the trade and I wanted out of there, and that’s not necessarily how it went down,” Anderson said from Louisiana in a phone interview. “It’s a game, and I understand it and I am glad that I’m here. But I just want people to know that I wasn’t turning my back on the team or anything.
“The thing is,” he added, “Orlando didn’t even make a move at me. So it was a situation where every other team we spoke with thought that Orlando was going to match, and the only team that was willing to take that risk was New Orleans. It was just a real different situation.”
The Hornets signed Anderson to a four-year, $34 million contract ($8.5 million per season average). In trading him they got Gustavo Ayón.
What is strange about passing on Anderson is Hennigan then turned around and offered Jameer Nelson basically the same money, $8.6 million a year. The difference is it is a three-year deal and the Magic can buy out Nelson’s last year (for just $2 million) to free up cap space for the free agent chase in 2014.
But Anderson and his ability to score and space the floor likely would have been more attractive to free agents than Nelson.
The Spurs have been the Spurs this season, going 19-8 with an elite defense and offense that’s good enough to get them wins, thanks to LaMarcus Aldridge playing at an All-Star level.
Starting Tuesday, they add Kawhi Leonard back to the mix.
He will return to the lineup against Dallas, but will be on a minutes restriction, coach Gregg Popovich said on Tuesday. He would not say how many minutes, although around 20 seems a logical starting spot.
Leonard is one of the five best players in the NBA (and that may be selling him short). He averaged a career-high 25.5 points a game last season, he’s arguably the best perimeter defender in the NBA, and he finished third in the MVP voting last season.
However, there are going to be adjustments. LaMarcus Aldridge has been the focal point of the offense, but he could see fewer touches, particularly in crunch time. Kyle Anderson could see fewer minutes, and Rudy Gay may as well because Popovich liked some small-ball lineups last season with Leonard at the four. A lot of players will see their rotations change.
That said, it’s the Spurs. Do we really expect them to be anything but an incredibly good regular season team? One that is about to get better?
The injuries just keep hitting the Pelicans. Guys like Solomon Hill and Alexis Ajinca are out for extended periods of time. Anthony Davis has missed four of the team’s last six games and is questionable for Wednesday night due to a left adductor injury.
Now comes the news that reserve guard Tony Allen will be out three to four weeks due to a nondisplaced left proximal fibula fracture, the team announced Tuesday. This is the part of the bone near the ankle.
Allen has played a limited role for New Orleans off the bench this season, averaging 12.4 minutes a game, and averaging 4.7 points. His reputation is that of a defensive stopper, and when he is on the court this season the Pelicans’ defense has been 5.6 points per 100 possessions better. However, father time has started to catch up with him and he is not the defender he once was.
Expect the minutes to bump up for Jrue Holiday and E'Twaun Moore with this injury, which is not a bad thing as they have played well (they were knocking down threes against the Rockets Monday like they were named Curry), plus Ian Clark could get a little more run.
Kawhi Leonard, enabled by the Spurs’ no-nonsense culture, is probably the NBA’s most boring superstar.
He’s widely recognized as the league’s best defender, and he has worked himself into an elite offensive threat. He has already won a Finals MVP, and regular-season MVP could eventually be in the cards.
But Leonard is notoriously reserved. For someone who has been on this stage for so long, we know little about him.
Except we now know he apparently likes karate.
Gonna chop y’all up. Look at all of us. Karate styyyle.
If “karate styyyle” doesn’t become Leonard’s catchphrase, I don’t even know what we’re doing.
Leonard will finally have the chance to chop up an NBA opponent tonight, when he makes his return from injury.
Michael C. Wright of ESPN:
Kevin Durant has become a villain to many.
Clearly not to this Warriors fan, though.