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Associated Producers was an American film production and distribution company of the silent era. Inspired by the foundation of United Artists, the company brought together a group of leading film directors who hoped running their own company would given them greater financial and artistic control over their work. Those involved with the outfit included Allan Dwan, Marshall Neilan, Maurice Tourneur, Thomas H. Ince, Mack Sennett and George Loane TuckerEstablished in late 1919, the company chose not to release their films through United Artists as widely expected but to handle their own distribution. It was also announced that any other directors wishing to join the company would be welcomed. Future director Howard Hawks became involved raising finances for several pictures for the company.
The company announced plans to have at least thirty releases in its first year.Before long, however, this proved to be too ambitious a target. Many of the directors were still under contract to produce films for other studios before they could start work for Associated Producers. One of the most financially successful of the company's releases was Maurice Tourneur's The Last of the Mohicans . Otherwise the company was struggling financially, and according to Variety was losing $5,000 a day by summer 1921.
Eventually the company abandoned its idea of independent releasing, and signed a deal for its films to be handled by First National Pictures. Soon afterwards production was stopped completely.
Allan Dwan was a pioneering Canadian-born American motion picture director, producer, and screenwriter.
The year 1919 in film involved some significant events.
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, 1916, by Samuel Goldwyn, an executive at Lasky's Feature Play Company, and Broadway producer brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, using an amalgamation of both last names to name the company.
Maurice Félix Thomas, known as Maurice Tourneur, was a French film director and screenwriter.
Olga Petrova was a British-American actress, screenwriter and playwright.
The Motion Picture Directors Association (MPDA) was an American non-profit fraternal organization formed by 26 film directors on June 18, 1915, in Los Angeles, California. The organization selected a headquarters to be built there in 1921.
Triangle Film Corporation was a major American motion-picture studio, founded in July 1915 in Culver City, California and terminated 7 years later in 1922.
Mary Thurman was an American actress of the silent film era.
John Emerson was an American stage actor, playwright, producer, and director of silent films. Emerson was married to Anita Loos from June 15, 1919 until his death, and prior to that the couple had worked together as a writing team for motion pictures. They would continue to be credited jointly, even as Loos pursued independent projects.
Arthur Henry Rosson was an English film director. From 1917 to 1948, Rosson directed 61 feature films. He also worked on many major films as a second unit director until 1960, particularly for Cecil B. DeMille.
Pathé Exchange, commonly known as Pathé, was an American film production and distribution company, largely of Hollywood's silent era. Known for its groundbreaking newsreel and wide array of shorts, it grew out of the American division of the major French studio Pathé Frères, which began distributing films in the United States in 1904. Ten years later, it produced the enormously succeesful The Perils of Pauline, a twenty-episode serial that came to define the genre. The American operation was incorporated as Pathé Exchange toward the end of 1914 and spun off as an independent entity in 1921; the Merrill Lynch investment firm acquired a controlling stake. The following year, it released Robert J. Flaherty's influential documentary Nanook of the North. For much of the 1920s, Pathé distributed the shorts of comedy pioneers Hal Roach and Mack Sennett and innovative animator Paul Terry. Beginning in 1927, the studio changed hands several times in quick succession: it came under the control of the Keith-Albee-Orpheum theater chain, then financier and Hollywood maestro Joseph P. Kennedy, and finally, in January 1931, RKO Pictures. Its semiautonomous production of features as RKO Pathé ended by late 1932, though RKO released Pathé-branded newsreels and shorts for many years afterward. The Pathé News operation was purchased in 1947 from RKO by Warner Bros., which shut it down in 1956. A few of Pathé's minor assets, including its film lab facilities, were not included in the RKO acquisition and subsequently reorganized, first as the Pathé Film Corporation and ultimately as Pathé Industries. The latter reentered the movie production business for a half-decade in the 1940s with its purchase of Producers Releasing Corporation.
The Ways of Fate is a 1913 American silent short romance film produced by the American Film Manufacturing Company. The film's directorial and producer roles have been both attributed to Allan Dwan, but other sources point to Wallace Reid as director. The film's fictional plot is centered on Jim Conway, who grew up wanting to avenge his father's death and headed West to seek his father's killer. Lost in the mountains, he is saved by a young woman and the two fall in love. After a few weeks with her, Conway reveals the reason he came west and the young woman's father overhears it. The old man confesses to killing Conway's father, over a game of cards, and bares his chest. Conway refuses to take revenge, because love had diminished such feelings. The film was released on April 19, 1913 and it had a widespread national release. It is not known whether the film currently survives, but it is presumed lost.
Wilfred Buckland was an American art director. Buckland worked as an art director with Cecil B. DeMille and Jesse Lasky, and later with Alan Dwan, from 1914 to 1927. He was Hollywood's first "art director" and is credited with a number of advancements in filmmaking, including the advances in lighting techniques, the development of architectural sets, and the use of miniature sets. In 1924, he was named one of the ten individuals who had contributed the most to the advancement of the motion picture industry since the time of its inception. A 1980 exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London advanced the argument that "everything we know as 'Hollywood' traces to Wilfred Buckland." Buckland was among the first inductees in the Art Directors Guild Hall of Fame.
Lucien Andriot ASC (1892–1979) was a prolific French-American cinematographer. He shot more than 200 films and television programs over the course of his career.
Wages of Virtue is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Allan Dwan and written by Forrest Halsey and Percival Christopher Wren. The film stars Gloria Swanson, Ben Lyon, Norman Trevor, Ivan Linow, Armand Cortes, Adrienne D'Ambricourt, and Paul Panzer. The film was released on November 10, 1924, by Paramount Pictures. It was shot at the Astoria Studios in New York.
Edmund Grainger (1906–1981) was an American film producer. He produced more than sixty films during his career, and also occasionally worked as an assistant director. During the 1930s he was employed by Universal Pictures. He worked for RKO during Howard Hughes' ownership of the studio.
Cheating Cheaters is a 1919 silent film comedy directed by Allan Dwan and starring Jack Holt and Clara Kimball Young. Young's production company produced. It was released by Select Pictures Corporation.
Selznick Pictures was an American film production company active between 1916 and 1923 during the silent era.
Associated Exhibitors was an American film distribution company active during the silent era. The company did not produce its own pictures but released productions by independent producers, handling a mixture of low-budget and more prestigious films during the 1920s. Established in 1920, it had a close association with Pathe Exchange, another medium-sized American company.
The W. W. Hodkinson Corporation was a film distribution corporation active during the silent era. It was established and run by the pioneer William Wadsworth Hodkinson who had previously been instrumental in the foundation of Paramount Pictures. After being forced out from Paramount in 1916, Hodkinson briefly worked with Triangle Film before setting up his own independent distribution outfit in November 1917, purchasing Triangle's distribution network of film exchanges for $600,000. It distributed more than a hundred films from 1918 until 1924, sometimes through Pathe Exchange.


The Blues were expected to start their campaign with a victory against the newly promoted side and opened the scoring early on through England international Fran Kirby. Yet a pair of second-half penalties from Katie Stengel completed a sensational comeback.
Much was expected of Liverpool after their promotion to the WSL. Matt Beard's side stormed to the Championship title last season by winning 16 of their 22 games, losing just twice. Even Emma Hayes waxed lyrical about the Reds before the game.
"They’ve got an experienced manager who knows the league," said the Chelsea manager. "You can see with the players he’s brought in he knows what it takes at this level. I think Liverpool will not struggle, they will be very competitive this year."
Yet Liverpool received a rude awakening to the top-flight when Gilly Flaherty caught Guro Reiten in the box, allowing Kirby to step up and calmly convert the penalty.
After that, the 3,006 spectators at Prenton Park - a record for Liverpool at the ground - would've been forgiven for fearing the worst. Yet the hosts did not cave under pressure.
What did you make of Liverpool's WSL win? Let us know in the comments below!
Chelsea found it difficult creating opportunities and needed to produce real moments of quality to threaten Liverpool's goal. Sam Kerr almost doubled their lead midway through the first half when Kirby picked her out with a lovely ball over the top of the defence.
Kerr, who scored 32 goals in all competitions last season, looped an audacious half-volley over the top of Liverpool goalkeeper Rachel Laws and was unfortunate to see the offside flag raised. There's a reason why Kerr is the reigning PFA Player of the Year.
Erin Cuthbert then got in on Chelsea's act moments later by hitting a stunning half-volley just wide, but it wasn't all one way traffic. Liverpool forward Leanne Kiernan hit the post after taking the ball around goalkeeper Zecira Musovic before the offside flag went up.
Kiernan sadly did not finish the game after suffering a nasty leg injury at the start of the second half. Beard will be hoping the Republic of Ireland international's complaint isn't serious after she scored 14 goals for Liverpool last season.
The hosts continued to battle and got their reward just after the hour mark when Millie Bright was penalised for handling in the box. American forward Stengel made no mistake from the spot and, all of a sudden, Chelsea's hopes of victory hung in the balance.
The Blues were expected to respond to that setback, but they couldn't handle Stengel. The match winner made a brilliant run into the box and Kadeisha Buchanan, who was making her debut for Chelsea, had no choice but to commit a foul.
Stengel made no mistake from the spot and received a well-deserved standing ovation when she came off in added time. Next up for Liverpool - the Merseyside derby at Anfield.
There were three other WSL games on Sunday, starting with Manchester City's trip to Villa Park. The hosts signed Lioness Rachel Daly in the summer and she proved to be the difference, scoring twice and setting another goal up to help the Aston Villa win 4-3.
There were far fewer opportunities at Victoria Park, where West Ham defeated Everton 1-0 in a tight contest thanks to Lisa Evans' header just before half-time. Tottenham were the other team to pick up three points on Sunday, winning 2-1 at Leicester.


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A novel means of investigating blood flow at different depths within the skin is described. By varying the coherence length of the diode laser source, the depth of the sampling volume over which Doppler signals are received could be controlled in a simple model system. The instrument has a variety of potential applications in dermatology.


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Pulmonary & Nasal Drug Delivery
Issue No #53
December 16th, 2014
Inside the magazine
EXPERTISE IN DEVELOPMENT, MANUFACTURING & COMMERCIALISATION
3M Drug Delivery Systems reports on how it has achieved significant successes thanks to its deep expertise in the field of MDIs.
Specialty Coating Systems
PROTECTING INHALATION DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES WITH PARYLENE CONFORMAL COATINGS
Dick Molin describes applications of Parylene coatings as protective barrier coatings in inhalable drug delivery devices, and the detailed characteristics of Parylene which make it particularly suited to these applications.
Dr Laurent Vecellio
SONIC NEBULISATION IN RHINOLOGY
Laurent Vecellio, Sandrine Le Guellec and Gilles Chantrel describe a sonic nasal nebuliser that operates with an acoustic frequency of 100Hz, and clinical studies demonstrating its efficacy in the delivery of treatments for CRS.
Dr Carole Evans
QUALITY BY DESIGN IN INHALATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Carole Evans and Lei Mao explore the application and principles of quality by design in the development, manufacture and commercialisation of inhaled pharmaceutical products.
Dr Eunice Costa
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PARTICLES VIA SPRAY DRYING FOR DPI FORMULATIONS
Eunice Costa, Filipe Neves and Cláudia Moura describe how composite formulations - API embedded in an excipient matrix - overcome the challenges in inhalation powder development.
Dr Joel Bell
EFFECTS OF STATIC ON PLASTICS USED IN DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES
Drug delivery in dry-powder and aerosol inhalers can be hindered by static attraction of the drug substance to plastics used in the drug flow path. JoelBell and Josh Blackmore report a series of projects to characterise this interaction.
Prof David Price
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INHALER TECHNIQUE & HOW TO IMPROVE IT
Professor David Price describes a significant and long-standing unmet need for inhaler technique to be improved in patients with asthma and COPD, and sets forth strategies to achieve the sorely needed improvements.
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Privacy & Cookies Policy

domain: medical


Measuring 3.5″ overall, this folding knife from Elk Ridge features a 2.75″ black 440 stainless steel blade, The handle has a red camo overlay and have the elk cutout design further enhancing its look. The handle also has a lanyard and a pocket clip for easy and safe carry. Sure to please any avid hunter or outdoorsman- be sure to get yours today.
- Crafted from the highest quality materials
- Built for performance and durability
- Made in China
- 3″ INCHES CLOSED
- 2.75″ BLACK 440 STAINLESS STEEL BLADE
- RED CAMO OVERLAY WITH ELK CUTOUT WITH BLACK LINER
- INCLUDES POCKET CLIP AND LANYARD HOLE


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So I know I’m slightly obsessed right now but here’s another Birdy video. This song hasn’t been released yet which is vexing me as I’d like to buy it! It’s a cover of a Cherry Ghost song which I also liked but this is so much prettier and the video is really sweet. I love the lyrics, and I think it suits her voice much better than the male singer that did the original.
In other news my friend made me an amazing dinner last night which included S’mores Cookies. So delicious! She also sent me home with a goody bag of them, which brought a big smile to my face! And I *might* have had one before breakfast this morning… I’m trying to make her put the recipe on her blog, when she caves I’ll put the link on here 🙂

domain: artistic


Portland is more than a great place to visit - it's a great place to live, work and raise a family. The following resources provide useful information about relocating to Portland. Also, visit the Portland Business Alliance Member Directory
for businesses that can help with personal and commercial moving.
Greater Portland Inc.
is the region's only private-sector-led economic development initiative. Their mission is to promote the greater Portland-Vancouver MSA to bring good companies and jobs to the region and to support and grow the diverse businesses that have made their home here. The Prosperity Index is an overview of the region that shows the data behind our region and why it attracts so many people.
Portland Development Commission
helps make Portland a great place to live and tries to keep it that way. Their staff focuses on three areas: Housing, Neighborhood Revitalization and Business Retention, Expansion and Recruitment. Every year the Fact Book provides an overview of the Portland metropolitan area and makes the case for the region as an excellent location for doing business.
If you are looking for a Portland Area Map, check out Powell's Books
. They have a great selection of maps and books about our city.


The Reef story started 25 years ago when two brothers from Argentina Fernando and Santiago Aguerre acted on an idea to produce high quality, comfortable yet stylish sandals. Inspired by their love of the California lifestyle and surfing culture, the brothers moved to California in the early 80's and found Reef sandals. With a tiny amount of start up capital of $4000 and after lots of hard work Reef is now widely considered to be the number one sandal brand in the world.
Juvenile Caribbean reef sharks are preyed upon by larger sharks such as the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) and the bull shark (C. leucas). Few parasites are known for this species; one is a dark variegated leech often seen trailing from its first dorsal fin. Off northern Brazil, juveniles seek out cleaning stations occupied by yellownose gobies (Elacatinus randalli), which clean the sharks of parasites while they lie still on the bottom. Horse-eye jacks (Caranx latus) and bar jacks (Carangoides ruber) routinely school around Caribbean reef sharks.
Socially, they are mostly loners unless living in a threatening ecosystem. These are the first and the only species of sharks that are known to “sleep” on the ocean floor or within reef caves. It is believed that these sharks are not actually sleeping but merely resting. These sharks have actually been given the nickname “sleeping sharks” because of their habit of lying motionless at the sea bottom. This is a somewhat unusual and unique behavior of these sharks.
My home in the coral reefs is being damaged by ocean acidification—which occurs when the ocean absorbs carbon and becomes acidified. I love living among thriving reefs, but increasing acidification degrades the physical structure of these reefs, putting my habitat and food supply at risk. This affects all the creatures living among the reef—not just my team of fellow blacktip reef sharks.
The grey reef shark has a streamlined, moderately stout body with a long, blunt snout and large, round eyes. The upper and lower jaws each have 13 or 14 teeth (usually 14 in the upper and 13 in the lower). The upper teeth are triangular with slanted cusps, while the bottom teeth have narrower, erect cusps. The tooth serrations are larger in the upper jaw than in the lower. The first dorsal fin is medium-sized, and there is no ridge running between it and the second dorsal fin. The pectoral fins are narrow and falcate (sickle-shaped).
The Caribbean reef shark was originally described from off the coast of Cuba as Platypodon perezi by Poey in 1876. Bigelow and Schroeder later described the same species as Carcharhinus springeri in 1944 and the reef shark appears in much literature under this scientific name. The genus name Carcharhinus is derived from the Greek “karcharos” = sharpen and “rhinos” = nose. The currently accepted valid name is C. perezi (Poey 1876).
A reef is a bar of rock, sand, coral or similar material, lying beneath the surface of water. Many reefs result from abiotic processes (i.e. deposition of sand, wave erosion planing down rock outcrops, and other natural processes), but the best known reefs are the coral reefs of tropical waters developed through biotic processes dominated by corals and coralline algae.


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2 edition of Copyright risks and rights on networked campuses found in the catalog.
Copyright risks and rights on networked campuses
Lawrence F. Young
by University of Cincinnati, Center for Information Technology and Law in Cincinnati, Ohio
Written in English
|Statement||Lawrence F. Young.|
|LC Classifications||Z653.7 .Y68 1995|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||24 leaves ;|
|Number of Pages||24|
Even if a use is a fair use for one semester, repeated use of copyrighted materials semester over semester may not be considered a fair use because there is enough time to seek a license from the copyright holder to use the work. Fact Intensive Analysis There is an inherent risk . Knowing how to copyright a book — the right way — is something that scares the crap out of most authors! After all, if you get it wrong, someone could steal your work and pass it off as their own. It’s practically an author’s worst nightmare – for good reason. A lot of us get caught up in a confusing haze of copyright laws.
To help members of the ACE community understand and comply with copyright laws, this policy summarizes basic principles of copyright law including the application of the fair use balancing test. A fair use of a copyrighted work depends upon a specific determination based upon the circumstances of . 4) copying without notice of copyright; and 5) excessive copying (e.g., copying whole books). FACE-TO-FACE TEACHING Use of copyrighted works is not an infringement of the copyright when used during face-to-face instruction if: 1) it is conducted by a teacher or student 2) in a classroom or similar place.
Search the world's most comprehensive index of full-text books. My library. copyright-protected materials. Among the rights of copyright owners are rights to make copies and rights to make public performances and public displays of the works. An assembled—or even dispersed—group of students may well constitute the “public” under the law. Consequently, educators frequently incur possibleFile Size: 37KB.
Secondary school to work
IP client strategies in the Middle East and Africa
Volcanoes and geothermal fields of Japan
How to use creative perspective.
Japan and peace
Tendencies in secondary education
Netscan, needs assessment for secondary schools
Legislation on foreign relations through 1982.
The jagged tear
The rise in danger and the loss of community on college campuses has been inadvertently facilitated by legal rules. Courts crafted legal protections for colleges which backfired: legal rules designed to protect colleges from lawsuits instead encouraged colleges to become insular and to avoid positive steps to protect student by: One of the causes for copyright’s struggles in adapting to the Networked World flows from the international copyright system, specifically the ban on formalities.
This ban has a lot of positive aspects, most importantly preventing needless barriers to authors and creators that might prevent them from enjoying copyright protection. Second, a model is built to evaluate the potential risks of copyright infringement based on the extension theory in digital library.
Finally, a real-world application is presented to show the Author: Michael Seadle. A 'read' is counted each time someone views a Copyright risks and rights on networked campuses book summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the : Michael Seadle.
You are required to complete a $35 eCornell copyright law tutorial, and submit a cease and desist statement that confirms all required actions have been completed.
Then, network access is restored for the device during normal business hours. Third offense: Network Quarantine blocks access to the Cornell network for the device.
Self release is NOT authorized. Notice – Latest updates on COVID policies and resources for the UC Berkeley campus community. — View Details × CloseView Details × Close.
At the risk of re-rocking an earlier boat, to Jean-Claude, it’s been my experience in working with researchers that many (I won’t say most, because I don’t have the numbers to say for sure it’s over 50%) do not clearly understand their rights to their created content under U.S.
copyright law, nor do they understand exactly what rights. Getting off campus for a short time also had a positive effect on my class performance.
In elementary school, being stuck inside for so many hours made me antsy and jittery by the end of the day. Now I get fresh air and have the chance to run around at the park across the street from my school.
Clarify how copyright affects content in all formats. For example: An article is copyright-protected regardless of whether it’s in a scholarly journal, printed newspaper, an electronic newsletter, a website or a blog.
The ©copyright symbol is not a requirement for copyright protection; thus. One of the most common questions I get from new self-publishers is, “What do I put on the copyright page?” For some reason, the copyright page has the power to intimidate some people, with its small print and legalistic language, not to mention all those mysterious numbers.
Intellectual property (IP) at colleges and universities refers most importantly to the products of faculty, staff, and student research and scholarship.
IP falls into two groups—work covered by patent law and work covered by copyright law. Both categories have undergone significant change over.
Trademark Issues with Use of College Names, Logos, Mascots By Lee Green, J.D. on Ap hst. attached to the letter includes dozens of photographs of various uses of the bronco nickname and logo on the SPH campus, including on signage at the entrance to the driveways leading onto school property, on the outside of the school.
However, businesses often turn a blind eye to the potential copyright infringement ramifications that may arise from unlawful use and distribution of content on social media platforms.
To that end, this article examines the copyright risks associated with distributing content on social media platforms and discusses how to mitigate risks associated with social media. “Risk Management provides excellent benchmarking and invaluable insight into the characteristics of a mature risk management program.
We look forward to sharing the book with members of our board of trustees, audit committee, and president’s cabinet as we all work together to advance the enterprise risk management program.”. The University shall own copyright in Directed Works.
Unless the agreement expressly requires copyright ownership by the University or conveyance of rights to a third party, the creator of a Sponsored or Externally Contracted Work shall own the work.
A campus network is a building or group of buildings all connected into one enterprise network that consists of many local-area networks (LANs). A campus is generally a portion of a company (or the whole company) that is constrained to a fixed geographic area, as shown in Figure An approach is required that carefully balances the incentives and rewards provided to economic rights holders against fundamental rights of privacy, self-expression, due process and the user rights embodied in copyright law to protect access, learning, critique, and reuse.
The importance of copyright balance and the role of the library There are many supporters of strong intellectual property rights today.
Media companies and their trade associations view ever increased rights for copyright owners as the best way to maximize their potential revenue. It is somewhat harder, however, to find equally prominent. Taking a Closer Look at Diversity on College Campuses Ma Ma By Dennis L. Weisman There is a penchant on today’s college campuses for sacrificing hard questions at the altar of political correctness.
Among the rights of copyright owners are rights to make copies and rights to make public performances and public displays of the works. An assembled-or even dispersed-group of students may well constitute the "public" under the law.
A work that isn’t protected by intellectual property laws is in the public domain and can be used without asking for permission. Most works that fall into the public domain do so because of old age.
Public domain status may also be due to other reasons discussed in Author: Richard Stim.Use of the campus network does not provide immunity from copyright law, nor can Cal Poly protect its students, faculty, or staff from criminal investigations or lawsuits relating to their personal actions.
Cal Poly will comply with subpoenas, court orders or other valid legal requests for information.article or book, the academic does not thereby obtain the broad social benefits that would flow from the general disappearance of academic copyright.
This individual-versus-social incentive problem suggests that open access efforts to cabin copyright will not succeed fully, or will do so only after a substantial delay.
An outright change in law toFile Size: KB.

domain: law


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Ideally located in Kneza Trpimira 279 in Trogir just in 2.3 km from the centre. 3 stars Apartments Kurtović is truly the best place for a luxury, family getaway. The most proximate Split Airport is placed in 2.6 km from the apartment.
Why travellers like Apartments Kurtović
Among a huge range of guest services are: internet services, washing, family accommodation, car lot, shady garden, rich a la carte menu. Payment cards accepted at this property: American Express, Visa, Mastercard, Diners Club, JCB, Maestro, Discover.
Accommodation staff speaks Croatian.
A few words about rooms
For tourists, comfortable accommodation is offered only one room type - apartment. Lodgers at the hotel have facilities such as extra long beds (> 2 metres), desk, microwave, flat-screen tv, telephone, air conditioning, washing machine.
You will enjoy a sea view and city look from your window.

domain: travel


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The development of a more sensitive diagnostic test for schistosomiasis is needed to overcome the limitations of the use of stool examination in low endemic areas. Using parasite antigens in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay is a promising strategy, however a more rational selection of parasite antigens is necessary. In this study we performed in silico analysis of the Schistosoma mansoni
genome, using SchistoDB database and bioinformatic tools for screening immunogenic antigens. Based on evidence of expression in all parasite life stage within the definitive host, extracellular or plasmatic membrane localization, low similarity to human and other helminthic proteins and presence of predicted B cell epitopes, six candidates were selected: a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 200 kDa protein, two putative cytochrome oxidase subunits, two expressed proteins and one hypothetical protein. The recognition in unidimensional and bidimensional Western blot of protein with similar molecular weight and isoelectric point to the selected antigens by sera from S. mansoni
infected mice indicate a good correlation between these two approaches in selecting immunogenic proteins.

domain: literature


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Iron is essential for life
Iron is an important mineral found in a range of foods. It helps to transport oxygen around the body, making iron essential for life!
Iron is also important for optimal immune function, providing energy and storing oxygen in our muscles (this is what gives muscles their red colour).
How much iron do I need?
Iron requirements differ by gender and age. Please see the below table for recommended dietary intake per day:
|Recommended dietary intake (RDI)1
|Pregnant and lactating women
|All pregnant women
|Lactating women 14-18 years
|Lactating women 19+ years
Women in their reproductive years have a much higher iron requirement than men, due to monthly menstruation. Women in this life stage can find it difficult to meet their daily requirements with food alone, which means they also have a higher risk of iron deficiency.
Women are advised to have their iron levels regularly checked by their GP, who may recommend further dietary measures or an iron supplement. The RDI for men is much lower than for women in their reproductive years. For example, a man could get his RDI for iron by simply having a serve of wholegrain iron-enriched breakfast cereal, a serve of red meat and handful of nuts in one day.
- Iron helps to transport oxygen in the body, making iron essential for life.
- Iron requirements differ by age and gender.
- Women in their reproductive years have much higher iron requirements and as such, should have their iron levels checked regularly by their GP.
Moroccan lentil and chickpea soup recipe
Are you eating a vegetable-based diet and in need of some extra iron? Look no further than this wholesome soup. Cook up a batch and freeze for those days when you don’t feel like cooking.
Symptoms of iron deficiency
- Lack of concentration
- Increased risk of infection
- Pale skin
Who is at risk of iron deficiency?
- Women in reproductive years
- Young children
- Pregnant women
Which foods contain iron?
There are two types of iron that we can get from foods:
Iron from animal sources – haem iron
Iron from plant-based sources – non-haem iron
Haem iron from animal sources is absorbed more efficiently and in a different way to non-haem iron.
Animal-based iron sources
|Iron content (per 100g)
Plant-based iron sources
|Cooked wholemeal pasta
|140g (1 cup)
|30g (20 nuts)
|30g (5 dried apricots)
|Cooked brown rice
|140g (1 cup)
Lamb, lentil and tomato salad recipe
Combining both plant-based and animal-based iron sources – this hearty and tasty dinner or lunch will satisfy and nourish.
How can I improve my iron intake?
Some foods can help our bodies absorb iron, while others can inhibit it.
To ensure your iron is being absorbed we recommend that you:
- Eat foods high in vitamin C with foods that contain iron.
- Cook your plant foods to improve the amount of available iron.
- Avoid having tea, coffee or calcium during or directly after having a source of iron.
- Speak to your doctor about any possible dietary interactions with your medications or herbal supplements that could impair iron absorption.
Ensure that you only take iron supplements under the advice of a GP, as too much iron can also be harmful.
- Haem iron from animal sources is absorbed more efficiently and in a different way to non-haem iron.
- Some foods can help our bodies absorb iron, while others can inhibit it.
- Only take supplements under the guidance of a GP.
1 Source: https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/iron

domain: health


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Visceral adiposity and clinical outcomes in postmenopausal women with operable breast cancer. Does body shape matter?. Shalini Dalal, M.D. Associate Professor Department of Palliative Care and Rehab Medicine U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 10 th October 2014. Overview.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Shalini Dalal, M.D.
Department of Palliative Care and Rehab Medicine
U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX
10th October 2014
Trends in the prevalence of obesity among adults aged 20 years and over, by sex: United States 1960-2012
Type 2 diabetes mellitus Hypertension
more strongly associated than BMI alone
GalicS,. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol2010
Alberti KG. Metabolicsyndrome – A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. DiabetMed 2006
Fujioka S Contributionofintra-abdominal fat accumulation to the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in human
obesity. Metabolism 1987
National prevalence of abdominal obesity years and over, by sex: United States 1960-2012
Ford ES, Maynard LM, Li C. Trends in Mean Waist Circumference and Abdominal Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2012. JAMA. 2014
Trends in the prevalence of years and over, by sex: United States 1960-2012Abdominal obesity among adults: United States 1999-2012
Doyle et al. Obesity-related cancers; Visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and cancer. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2012),
2014 ASCO Annual Meeting
1 Palliative Care and Rehab Medicine
2 Emergency Medicine
4 Diagnostic Imaging
5 Breast Medical Oncology
version 1.47 http://imagej.nih.gov/ij
All reported p values are two-sided, and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant
Scatter plot matrix Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women with Operable Breast Cancer:Correlation between BMI and adiposity measures.

domain: biology


text:
The Wonderful Alice of Oz (Oz-Wonderland Series # 3) by Ron Glick
Createspace (ebook), 2014
I was given a free copy by the author in exchange for an honest review.
WHAT IT’S ABOUT
Three Wicked Witches vie for control of the Magical Land of Oz, while the Wizard appears no closer to solving the mystery of how to return the former Wyrds to Wonderland. But Glinda’s secret may shift the balance in an entirely unforeseen direction! Meanwhile, a quest beyond the Looking Glass may have gleaned more than anyone was hoping for when Dorothy’s return from that magical realm attracts the attention of a new player in the conflict…
Written with a faithful eye to the original Baum and Carroll classics, The Wonderful Alice of Oz concludes the first story arc of the series, while setting the foundation for the next chapter to unfold.
‘Oh dear,’ muttered the White Rabbit, his hands twisting feverishly. ‘Oh dear, oh dear, oh my’.
WHAT I THOUGHT
The Wonderful Alice of Oz picks up where the second book, Dorothy through the Looking Glass left off. I continue to be impressed by the way the author blends the worlds and characters of Oz and Wonderland into a very original tale. I really enjoyed the way the story develops. We learn that Oz and the Looking Glass world cannot exist without each other. More interesting titbits about the past of the characters is revealed including Glinda’s history and Betsy, a girl from Oklahoma who also lives in Oz. I loved the way the story and action develops. The ending left me looking forward to the next instalment.

domain: library


text:
Muster roll of Co. E, 1st Regt. N.C. Volunteers
Date: 1847 - 1848 |
Handwritten muster roll of 1st Regiment of N.C. Volunteers, Company E. Note on page 2: John C. Getsinger, Buena Vista, Mexico. Also includes a list of soldiers' equipment and costs during the Mexican War. 81 pages. Date approximated. more...

domain: history


text:
Sep 3, 2014
Tara McGillicuddy welcomes back Dana Rayburn to ADHD Support Talk Radio. Tara and Dana will be discussing important issues related to The Biggest Adult ADD / ADHD Mistake. ADHD Support Talk Radio host Tara McGillicuddy is an internationally recognized ADD / ADHD expert. She is also a top ADHD Coach the founder of ADDClasses.com.

domain: psychology


text:
In early February of this year, the capital of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo, hosted a symposium dedicated to economic diversification; quite relevant following the government’s implementation of the Horizon – 2020 state program aimed at driving Equatorial Guinea on the course of becoming a developing country.
Symposium participants, among whom were businessmen, economists and policy makers from many countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe and the United States, agreed that the example set by Equatorial Guinea had great significance to other countries that are exporters of oil. And the investment opportunities offered by Equatorial Guinea are much more attractive than those available in many other developing and even developed countries.
The event was organized by the Government of Equatorial Guinea in close collaboration with the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which spoke about their vision of Equatorial Guinea in the global world.
Gregor Blinker, World Bank Director for Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Angola, Sao Tome and Principe said at the symposium that the statistics presented by many mass media publications writing about Equatorial Guinea, "does not reflect the realities of the country." Due to the fact that journalists work with outdated data, in particular, speaking about the problem of poverty, often repeat figures from 2005-2006. And these years have merely been the starting point for a dramatic leap in the development of Equatorial Guinea, linked directly to oil exports.
According to the World Bank, Equatorial Guinea's GDP per capita rose from $371 in 1995 to $24,036 in 2012. Jon Shields, deputy division chief of the International Monetary Fund African Department and mission chief for Equatorial Guinea, who spoke about the need to collect new data and to obtain reliable statistics on the country, agreed with his colleague from the World Bank.
Rodrigo de Rato, former Managing Director of the International Fund, who until 2004 was the Second Vice-Chairman of the Spanish Government and Minister of Economy and Finance of the government of José María Aznar, has recognized the significant progress of Equatorial Guinea, especially in terms of infrastructure. According to Rodrigo de Rato, the economy of Equatorial Guinea today is strong and stable.
The current structure of the economy of Equatorial Guinea is typical of commodity-exporting countries. According to the African Development Bank (ADF), the share of oil exports in Equatorial Guinea is about 80 percent of its GDP. In turn, the income from the remaining so-called non-oil segment are as follows: 65 percent is provided by construction and public works, 9 percent comes from the insurance and real estate markets, 5 percent is the share of trade activity of the hotel and restaurant businesses, 4 percent is produced by agriculture, and 1 percent from transportation, communications, manufacturing and other related activities.
Equatorial Guinea is now the third largest oil producer in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (USEIA) from 2013 analysis, the proven oil and gas reserves in its territory amounts to 1.1 billion barrels and 1.3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, respectively.
Today the government is directing most of the oil revenues for the purpose of building infrastructure. As a result Equatorial Guinea, with a population of less than a million people, has two international airports, which accept daily transcontinental airliners, modern ports where new berths are constantly built, and excellent roads paved through the jungle. It only remains to build an economy that is not related to the export of oil and natural gas.
“We seek cooperation with foreign investors. We are willing to provide them with the guarantee of the safety of their investments, and ensure that they get all kinds of preferences,” said Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea, opening a meeting in Malabo.
Once Equatorial Guinea, the former Spanish colony, was one of the poorest countries in Africa, with nearly all of its inhabitants engaged in the cultivation of cocoa; that all changed in 1995 when its first offshore oil field called Zafiro began production.
In addition to oil, Equatorial Guinea exports liquefied natural gas (LNG). Commissioning of a second LNG plant will make the country the largest gas supplier to Europe and the United States of America and is scheduled to come on line in 2016.
Today companies from the United States of America, Canada, China, Morocco, Lebanon, Turkey, Serbia, Israel, France and other countries are actively involved in Equatorial Guinea. In recent years, the rapidly changing nation has become known as the "pearl of Africa." Nearly every year Malabo hosts meetings of the leaders of the continent as well as various international sporting events.

domain: politics


text:
A Mesa man upset with his neighbors for making too much noise allegedly pulled out a bow and arrow and threatened them.
Mesa Police report that on June 24 at about 2 a.m. four friends were sitting on the tailgate of a truck when 39-year-old James Russell Koontz came out of his home, pointed a bow and arrow at them and yelled, "Disturbing the peace!"
The victim report that the arrow was loaded in the bow and the bowstring was pulled back.
Koontz reportedly retreated into his home, and the victims called the police. The police contacted Koontz who told them they were making too much noise and he was unable to sleep. He allegedly admitted to taking the bow and arrow with him outside because "He did not feel safe."
Koontz has been charged with aggravated assault.

domain: sociology


|Publication number||US5065443 A|
|Application number||US 07/445,207|
|Publication date||Nov 12, 1991|
|Filing date||Dec 4, 1989|
|Priority date||Dec 4, 1989|
|Also published as||DE4038220A1, DE4038220C2|
|Publication number||07445207, 445207, US 5065443 A, US 5065443A, US-A-5065443, US5065443 A, US5065443A|
|Inventors||David W. Farchmin|
|Original Assignee||Allen-Bradley Company, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (7), Classifications (20), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to image signal processing systems for evaluating objects present in the image, and more particularly to such systems which compensate for variation in the image signal due to changes in the object's illumination.
As automated assembly equipment becomes more sophisticated, it is desirable to add the sense of vision to such devices. This would enable the equipment to locate the position of an object being manufactured, as well as to inspect the object for the presence of components or the proper location and size of specific features. To this end, various vision systems have been devised which to generate and analyze a one or two dimensional electrical image of the workpiece, which image conventionally is composed of a series of image elements.
A common image analysis technique distinguishes the workpiece from its background based on the relative brightness of portions of the image. The instantaneous image signal voltage varies with the brightness of the corresponding image elements. By processing only image elements which have a brightness above or below a set threshold level the object can be separated from the background. For example when the object is brighter than the threshold, a simple analysis technique counts image elements having a brightness above the threshold level with the sum representing the width or area of the object.
One problem associated with this technique is that changes in lighting intensity alter the relative image element brightness. For example, as the source of artificial illumination ages, its light output changes. In addition, natural and artificial illumination levels may vary throughout the day. A change in illumination is translated into a change in the brightness of the image and the relationship between the object and background brightness levels and the threshold employed to distinguish between these image regions.
To overcome this problem, compensation systems have been used to measure the change in the image signal and adjust the threshold proportionally. An example of such a system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,830. In other systems the camera iris and amplifier gain are varied to maintain the brightest and darkest image elements at relatively constant signal levels.
One advantage of machine vision systems is the ability to inspect an object moving rapidly along an assembly line. In such an application, the image sensor may continuously acquire images even when an object is not present in its field of view. When an object is not present in the image, conventional lighting compensation techniques may attempt to adjust the iris and gain of the sensor to place the brightest and darkest image elements at the defined levels, as if an object was present. Thereafter, when an object enters the sensor's field of view, the sensor signal became saturated and several iterations of the compensation technique were required to properly adjust signal levels to analyze the object. The process takes time and requires that the assembly line run at a slower speed to accommodate the vision system. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a lighting compensation technique which will recognize when an object is not present and not overcompensate.
An image processor includes a mechanism which compensates for variations in the illumination of an image. The processor receives an electrical image signal representing the image which includes an object positioned against a background. The compensation mechanism includes a means for storing data indicative of the relationship between reference image signal levels for the object and the background. For example, in a machine vision system, a sample image may be processed using exemplary lighting conditions to establish reference levels for the object and its background. The ratio of these two reference levels may be derived and stored in a memory within the processor.
During subsequent image processing, the actual image signal levels for the object and its background are detected. An arithmetic unit is provided for calculating a theoretical signal level from the detected image signal level for the background and the reference signal ratio. The image signal level for the object is compared to the theoretical image signal level in order to produce a signal indicative of the relationship of the two signals. A preprocessor circuit for the image signal is adjusted to vary the amplitude of the image signal based on one of two criteria depending upon whether a predetermined relationship exists between the image signal level for the object and the theoretical image signal. When the predetermined relationship exists, the amplitude of the image signal is adjusted until the difference between the signal level for the background and the signal level for the object corresponds to a predefined value. For example, this predefined value may be the difference between the reference signal levels for the object in the background in the sample image. When the predetermined signal level relationship does not exist, the amplitude of the image signal is adjusted until the difference the image signal level of the background and the theoretical image signal level for the object equals a predefined value.
Additional circuitry may be provided to offset the image signal by a given amount so that the image signal will lie within a predefined portion of the dynamic signal range of the processor. The amount of offset provided is determined by the relationship between the detected signal levels for the background and the object and a defined referenced level of the full dynamic range of the processor.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide compensation for variation in an image signal due to temporal changes in the intensity of illumination of the scene being imaged.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reference ratio of the image signal levels for the object and the background and employ that reference ratio to determined whether subsequent image signals must be adjusted to compensate for the effects of illumination variation.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a programmable controller system with an image processor which incorporates the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the electrical circuit for the image processor;
FIGS. 3A-3E depict the image signal at different points in the circuit of FIG. 2 and the signals for different images;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the setup of the present illumination compensation mechanism; and
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the operation illumination compensation mechanism.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional programmable controller 10, such as an Allen-Bradley PLC-2/15 System, which executes program instructions to operate a machine. The controller 10 includes a rack 11 in which a number of functional modules 13-16 are housed and interconnected by a mother board within the rack. The rack 11 includes a power supply 12 which provides electricity to each of the functional modules. A processor module 13 stores and executes a user defined control program governing the operation of the machine. Located elsewhere in the rack 11 are a number of input/output (I/O) modules 14-16 which interface the processor module 13 to sensing and operating devices on the controlled machine. One of these is a conventional discrete dc input module 15 has eight input terminals 19 to which separate dc voltages are applied. Typically, each of these dc voltages represents the state of a sensor switch that responds to a given condition of the controlled machine. An analog input module 16 receives data from a sensing device in the form of an analog current signal between four and twenty milliamperes. This input module 16 digitizes the analog signal for transmission to the processor module 13. A dc output module 17 is included to provide binary output signals for controlling external devices.
In the system shown in FIG. 1, the input terminals of both the analog input module 15 and the dc input module 16 are coupled to the outputs from a line scan image processor 20. The image processor 20 is positioned above an object 18 so that features of the object are focused by lens 21 onto a line scan sensor within the image processor. Both the object 18 and its background are illuminated by the same source so that a change in the intensity of the source affects the illumination of both to the same degree.
The line scan sensor produces a one-dimensional image along a line across each object 18 that enters its field of view. This image consists of a number of image elements which correspond to image detector sites within the sensor. The output signal of the sensor is an electrical concatenation of the signals from each of the detector sites which individual signals represent the amount of light striking that site.
The image processor 20 includes not only the line scan sensor, but also all of the logic for analyzing the linear image according to user defined parameters and circuitry generating output signals representing the analysis results. The image is analyzed by evaluating individual image elements. For example, the number image elements above a given brightness level can be counted to measure the width of the object or one of its features which is brighter than the remainder of the image.
The dc output module 17 enables the programmable controller 10 to send a trigger signal instructing the image processor 20 to acquire and analyze an image. The result of the analysis is fed to the programmable controller 10 via cable 22 in either of two formats. The first is a binary decision bit representing whether the evaluation product is within predefined limits. This decision bit is applied to an input of the dc input module 15. The image processor 20 also generates a 4 to 20 milliampere current signal corresponding to the magnitude of the selected evaluation result. This current signal is applied to the analog input module 16.
With reference to FIG. 2, the lens 21 of the image processor 20 focuses the light onto a line scan image sensor 30. For example, the sensor is a linear array of 1,024 image detector sites and produces an image signal having an equivalent number of image elements. The voltage level Vs of the output signal from the sensor varies depending upon the brightness of the image element being read from the sensor at that instant. The image acquisition and readout of the sensor 30 is governed by control pulses applied by a pulse shaper circuit 32.
The output signal from the image sensor is coupled to a non-inverting input of a summing amplifier 34 which has an inverting input coupled to the output of an offset digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 36. The offset DAC 36 has a digital input coupled to a data bus 40 within the image processor and contains a data latch for storing the digital number on the bus in response to a control signal received over line 38. The offset DAC 36 produces an analog signal which is applied to the summing amplifier 34 to shift the voltage level of the sensor output signal. Typical image sensors provide a bias to their output signal so that the signal never falls to zero volts. In order to use the maximum dynamic signal voltage range of the image processor, the offset DAC shifts the image signal so that the full dynamic range can be used to process the signal, as will be described in detail.
The offset image signal from the summing amplifier 34 is applied to the analog input of a conventional multiplying digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 42. The data bus 40 is connected a set of data latches within DAC 42 which the store the digital value from the data bus 40 when enabled by a signal over line 44. The multiplying DAC 42 acts as a variable gain amplifier for the image signal with its gain being determined by the digital value from the data bus 40. As will be described in detail, the gain of the signal is varied to compensate for changes in the illumination of the object and its background.
The output signal of the multiplying DAC 42 is applied to the input of a pixel averager 46 which integrates that output signal to produce a single picture element from the averaged signals for each group of four image elements. As used herein the term "image element" refers to the portion of the image sensed by each detector site in the image sensor 30 and the term "picture element" refers to the output of the pixel averager 46 produced by averaging four image elements. The pixel averager 46 reduces the amount of image data by a factor of one-fourth and generates a lower resolution image signal containing a reasonable amount of image data which can be analyzed in real time. If desirable, the data reduction factor may be user selectable.
The two digital-to-analog converters 36 and 42, summing amplifier 34 and the pixel averager 46 form a preprocessor circuit 35 for the image signal. The relationship of the image signal voltage (VOUT) at the output line 48 of the preprocessor circuit 35 to voltage (Vs) from the image sensor 30 is given by the equation:
where VOFFSET is the output voltage of the offset DAC 36, GDAC is the gain of the multiplying DAC 42, and GAVE is the signal gain from the pixel averager 46.
The output signal from the pixel averager is applied to an analog input of a microcomputer 50. The microcomputer 50, such as a type MC68HC11A1 manufactured by Motorola Inc., which includes on-chip memory, a timer circuit, a serial communication interface, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, parallel input/output ports, and an external bus interface. Line 48, carrying the preprocessed image signal, is applied to the input of the microcomputer's A/D converter. The external bus interface is coupled to the data bus 40 and an address bus 41 within the image processor. A line of one of the parallel I/O ports is coupled to the input of the pulse shaper 32 to provide control pulses to the sensor 20 which regulate the image acquisition and readout functions. Other lines of the parallel I/O ports are connected to an I/O interface circuit 52 which provide discrete output signal indicating the results of the image processing which are coupled by cable 22 to the dc input module 15.
A pair of lines 54 extend from the microcomputer's serial communication interface to a connector 23 on the housing of the image processor 20, shown in FIG. 1. This provides a serial communication link in order that a terminal can be coupled to the processor 20 for configuration purposes.
The data and address buses 40 and 41, respectively, are coupled to a read only memory (ROM) 56 which stores the software program that the microcomputer executes to control the operation of the image processor. A random access memory (RAM) 58 also is coupled to the address and data buses 40 and 41 for the storage of image data, variables and processing results for the microcomputer 50. The address bus 41 is coupled to the input of an address decoder 60 which responds to selected addresses by producing control signals for specific components within the image processor 20. For example, the address decoder 60 responds to two addresses by issuing enable signals over lines 38 and 44 to the offset DAC 36 and the multiplying DAC 42 to individually enable the data latches in each device.
Coupled to the data bus is an output digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 62, which when enabled by a signal on line 63 from the address decoder stores the digital value from the data bus in a set of internal data latches. The output DAC 62 produces an analog signal at its output having a magnitude which corresponds to that stored digital value. A current driver 64 utilizes the analog signal from the output DAC 62 to produce a conventional four to twenty milliampere current loop output signal that represents the magnitude of an image analysis result. The current loop signal is carried on conductors of cable 22 to the analog input module 16 of the programmable controller 10.
Also coupled to the data bus 40 is a switch interface 66 which consists of a plurality of tri-state data buffers, which when enabled from the address decoder 60 couple a set of module configuration switches 68 to the data bus. The switch interface 66 includes a set of pull-up resistors for each of the switch input lines to the interface. The configuration switches 68, as will be described, provide the user with a means for selecting different processing options and placing the image processor in different modes of operation. One of the switches 70 is used to place the image processor 20 in a setup mode or a run mode.
The different modes of the image processor operation will be described in the context of an image in which the object is relatively dark in contrast to a brighter background. However, as will become apparent to one skilled in the art, the present invention can be adapted to process images in which the object is brighter than the background. In fact, one of the switches 68 in the preferred embodiment enables the user to designate whether the object is brighter or darker than its background. This designation is used by the microcomputer 50 to determine how to perform the steps of the illumination compensation process described hereinafter. Regardless of whether the object is lighter or darker than the background, a significant degree of contrast must exist between the two for the proper illumination compensation, as well as image analysis.
In the exemplary case used to describe the present invention, the voltage waveform of the one-dimensional image produced by the line scan image sensor 30 is represented by the waveform in FIG. 3A. The magnitude of the image sensor's output voltage Vs is inversely proportional to the brightness of the image elements. That is, a pure white portion of the image will have a relatively low voltage and a relatively black portion will have a higher voltage as shown in the waveform. Since in the example the object is relatively dark, it will have a high voltage and the background will have a relatively low voltage, as depicted in the waveform. Typically, the background will not be pure white and the object will not be pure black, thereby producing image voltages which are offset slightly from the corresponding extreme signal levels. The image sensor 30 also provides an inherent bias in its output voltage such that a pure white portion of the image does not produce a zero voltage level, but produces one that is slightly higher than zero, as illustrated. However, when this signal is combined with the output from the offset DAC 36 in summing circuit 34, the waveform in FIG. 3A will be shifted such that a pure white level will be represented by zero volts.
FIG. 3B illustrates the image signal waveform on output line 48 of the preprocessor circuit 35. The dynamic range of the analog input of the microcomputer 50 is zero to five volts, which defines maximum allowable range of the preprocessor output signal voltage VOUT. When the preprocessor circuit 35 is properly adjusted, its output image signal waveform occupies the central one-third of the circuit's dynamic range. The present invention periodically adjusts the preprocessor circuit 35 and the image sensor operation to maintain this relationship between the image signal voltage range and the microcomputer's dynamic signal voltage range as the illumination of the object changes. Specifically, the image sensor exposure time, the output voltage from the offset DAC 36, and the gain of the multiplying DAC 42 are adjusted so that the voltage range of the preprocessor circuit output signal is substantially within the middle third of the microcomputer's dynamic signal voltage range.
In order to provide this compensation, the image processor 20 must be configured for the voltage waveform produced by the image to be analyzed. For the configuration process, a sample of the objects to be inspected is placed in front of the processor and illuminated. The operator then places the mode switch 70 into the setup mode position indicating to the microcomputer 50 that it is to configure the preprocessor circuit 35 for the voltage waveform for the sample image.
At this time, the microcomputer 50 begins executing the setup mode routine depicted by the flowchart of FIG. 4. The routine commences at step 100 by initializing the variables and counters which will be used in the course of executing the setup program. During this stage, default values are retrieved from storage in the read only memory 56 by the microcomputer 50 and loaded into the data buffers of DAC's 36 and 42.
Once the initialization is complete, the microcomputer 50 issues a control pulse to the pulse shaper 32 which causes the image sensor 30 to acquire an image at step 102. In this state, the individual detector sites of the image sensor have an electrical characteristic altered in response to the impining light. For example, if the image sensor 30 is a charge-coupled-device, the charge accumulated at each detector site will vary in proportion to the amount of light striking that site during the exposure interval. The length of the pulse sent by the microcomputer to the image sensor determines the time interval of the exposure. As will be described, this exposure interval is one variable which is regulated to compensate for variations in the object's illumination.
Once the image has been acquired, the program execution enters a loop in which each image element is read out of the sensor 30 and averaged to produce a picture element which then is examined to detect the minimum and maximum voltage levels of the image. As noted previously, the voltage level of an image element and a picture element corresponds to its brightness. The program loop commences at step 104, where the first group of four image elements is read out of the sensor 30 and applied to the positive input of summing circuit 34. At the same time, the offset DAC 36 is applying a constant voltage level to the negative input of the summing circuit 34. This voltage level is determined by a digital number previously loaded into the data buffers in the offset DAC 36. The level shifted image signal produced by the signal summation in circuit 34 is applied to the analog input of the multiplying DAC 42. In this DAC 42, the analog signal level is multiplied by a digital number stored in its data buffers to produce an amplified image signal which is applied to the input of the pixel averager 46.
Each group of four image elements is averaged by the pixel averager 46 to reduce the amount of image data applied to the input of the microcomputer 50. For example, the pixel averager 46 consists of an integrator which is reset to zero, after every fourth image element, by a clock signal (not shown) synchronized to the read-out rate of the image sensor 30. Each group of four averaged image elements produces one picture element which is digitized and analyzed by the microcomputer 50.
The voltage level of the picture element received by the microcomputer 50 is compared at step 106 to a voltage level store in RAM 58 to determine if that element has maximum voltage level for the image. This comparison detects the level of the darkest picture element. If the present picture element has a voltage level that is greater than the previous voltage maximum, the program execution branches to step 108 where the voltage level for this picture element is stored in RAM 58 as the new maximum voltage level. The program execution then advances to step 110 where the voltage level of the picture element is compared to the minimum voltage level previously encountered for elements of the image. This minimum voltage level is also stored in RAM 58. If the present picture element has a voltage level below the previous minimum voltage level encountered for the image, the present element's voltage level is stored at step 112 as the minimum level In this manner the voltage level for the brightest picture element is detected.
After the picture element has been compared to the minimum and maximum voltage levels encountered for the image, a determination is made by the microcomputer 50 at step 114 whether the last picture element of the image has been so compared. If the end of the image has not been encountered, the program execution loops back to step 104 to read out another group of image elements for averaging and comparison to the previous minimum and maximum voltage levels. Eventually after the entire image has been processed by the loop consisting of program steps 104-114, the execution will advance to step 116. At this point, the designated storage locations in RAM 58 contain the minimum and maximum voltage levels Vmin and Vmax of the current image. The minimum and maximum voltage levels voltage levels respectively represent the brightest and darkest picture elements and the range of voltages produced by the image. Due to the manner in which the scene is illuminated, the brightest picture element is produced by the image background and the darkest picture element is produced by the object.
Then, the microcomputer 50 calculates the difference between the minimum and maximum voltage levels of the image to determine whether the difference equals one-third the dynamic signal voltage range of the microcomputer analog input. If this relationship does not exist, the program execution branches from step 116 to step 118 where the microcomputer 50 adjusts either or both of the gain of the multiplying DAC 42 and the sensor exposure interval. The combined adjustment of these parameters alters the image signal in proportion to the amount that the actual voltage range between the minimum and maximum image signal voltages (Vmin and Vmax) deviates from one-third the dynamic signal voltage range of the microcomputer. Therefore, if the actual voltage range is greater than this fraction of the dynamic signal voltage range, the exposure and/or gain level decreases to compress the image voltage range. Similarly, if the actual voltage range is less than this fraction of the dynamic signal voltage range, the exposure interval and gain are increased to expand the voltage range of the image signal. To carry this out, the microcomputer calculates a new value for the gain and transmits it via the data bus 40 to the buffers within the multiplying DAC 42. In a similar manner, the microcomputer 50 adjusts a variable within RAM 58 which indicates the exposure interval for the image sensor 30. Once these parameters have been adjusted at step 118 the program execution returns to step 102 to acquire a new image. The program execution continues to loop through its execution until the gain and exposure have been adjusted so that the difference in the brightest and darkest parts of the image substantially equal one-third of the dynamic signal voltage range of the microcomputer.
Once the voltage range of the image signal has been properly adjusted, the program execution advances to step 120 where the mean of this voltage range is compared to the mean of the microcomputer's dynamic signal voltage range. Specifically, the maximum and minimum voltage levels (Vmin and Vmax) of the image are averaged and the resultant value compared to 2.5 volts in the case where the dynamic signal range is zero to five volts. Any deviation of the mean of the image voltage range from the mean of the dynamic signal voltage range is used at step 122 to adjust the image signal voltage offset provided by the offset DAC 36. The microcomputer 50 computes a new voltage offset based on this deviation and digitally transmits the new offset over data bus 40 to the buffers within the offset DAC 36. When the preprocessor circuit 35 has been adjusted so that the image signal on it output line 48 occupies the middle third of the microcomputer's dynamic signal voltage range, the program execution advances to step 124.
At this point, the preprocessor circuit 35 has been calibrated for the sample image containing an object to be analyzed. Next the ratio of the reference brightness levels for the sample object and its background is derived and stored in the RAM 58 to use as a benchmark to detect later variation in the illumination of the objects being inspected. The output voltage Vs from the sensor is directly related to the image brightness. However the microcomputer 50 does not receive this output voltage Vs, rather it receives a voltage level Vout produced by preprocessor circuit 35 transforming the sensor output voltage Vs. Since the signal transformation is defined by equation (1) above, relative brightness levels of the object and image background can be derived by solving the equation for the equivalent image sensor output voltages Vs using the minimum and maximum picture element voltage levels (Vmin and Vmax) as voltage Vout. At step 124 the equation is solved to produce the equivalent image sensor output voltages Vs for VMIN and VMAX, thereby generating a pair of numerical values which directly correspond to the relative brightness levels of the image background and object, respectively. The ratio of these two equivalent sensor output voltages is derived at step 126 and stored within RAM 56. As will be described, this ratio will be retrieved during the run mode of the illumination compensation technique when an image is being evaluated. Alternatively, the values for VMIN and VMAX or their equivalent image sensor output voltages can be stored at this time and the calculations performed at steps 124 and 126 can be deferred until the voltage ratio is required subsequently. However calculating these values in the set up mode has the advantage of speeding up the execution of the compensation routine in the run mode.
Thereafter, at step 128, the microcomputer checks the mode switch 70 to determine if the operator wishes to leave the setup mode. As long as the switch remains in the setup mode, the program execution returns to step 100 to repeat the preprocessor adjustment and brightness ratio calculation process.
When the mode switch 70 has been changed into the run mode, the microcomputer 50 begins executing an image analysis program which includes a routine for readjusting the signal processing to compensate for variations in the illumination of the objects being imaged. With reference to FIG. 2, whenever the image processor 20 receives a trigger signal on input line 53 to the I/O interface 52, it begins an acquisition and analysis of an image. The microcomputer 50 responds the trigger signal by sending a control pulse to the image sensor 30 which causes the sensor to acquire an image. The signal from each sensor detector site is sequentially read out through the preprocessor 35 to produce a series of picture elements at the analog input to the microcomputer 50. As each of these picture elements is received, the microcomputer 50 is executing a conventional image analysis program. For example, the program may compare the voltage level each picture element to a threshold and count the picture elements having a voltage level above the threshold.
As each picture element is being evaluated by the image analysis routine of the microcomputer, it is also being processed by the illumination compensation routine depicted in FIG. 5. At step 140 of this latter routine, the voltage level of the picture element currently being processed is compared to the minimum and maximum voltage levels from previous picture elements in the same image to determine whether it is above the previous maximum or below the previous minimum voltage level. The comparison may be carried out by a set of program steps similar to steps 106-112 of the setup mode routine in FIG. 4. If the current picture element voltage level exceeds one of the previous extreme values, it replaces the previous value in the RAM 58, thereby becoming the new maximum or minimum. At step 142, the microcomputer determines whether or not the last picture element of the image has been processed. As long as additional picture elements remain, the program execution immediately returns to the image analysis routine to process another picture element.
When all of the image elements from the sensor 30 have been read out, the execution of the illumination compensation routine advances to step 144. At this point, a voltage level corresponding to the image background is obtained. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the background is brighter than the object, producing picture elements representing the background which have a lower voltage level than those produced by the object. As a consequence, the minimum voltage Vmin for the image is associated with the background. The microcomputer 50 utilizes equation (1) above to calculate the equivalent sensor output voltage Vs MIN for the minimum picture element voltage Vmin. Alternatively, if the object is brighter than the background, the maximum voltage Vmax of the image is used as the level representing the background and the microcomputer calculates Vs MAX.
From the equivalent minimum sensor voltage Vs min and the ratio of maximum and minimum sensor voltages stored during the setup mode, a theoretical sensor voltage level VS REF for the maximum voltage level of the image is calculated at step 146. This theoretical voltage level VS REF ideally corresponds to the darkest part of the image for the object. Next, the microcomputer again utilizes equation (1) to convert the theoretical sensor voltage level VS REF of the object into the equivalent preprocessor circuit output voltage level VREF, at step 148.
The theoretical preprocessor circuit output voltage level VREF is compared to the actual maximum voltage level VMAX from the present image's darkest picture element. When the object is properly lit, the darkest picture element should be produced by a portion of the object. If an object is present in the image, as depicted in the voltage waveform in FIG. 3C, the level of VMAX will approximately equal the theoretical voltage level VREF. Therefore, if VMAX is not greater than ninety percent of the theoretical voltage level VREF for the object, the microcomputer concludes that an object is not present in the image and only background is being image. Even when an object is present, if it does not produce a maximum voltage level VMAX above ninety percent of VREF, the system still concludes that an object is not present. It should be noted that the image waveform in FIG. 3C does not lie in the middle of the dynamic signal range and the maximum voltage level is greater than the theoretical maximum, as may occur when the intensity of the object's lighting changes.
As discussed above, the image processor 20 can be configured for an image in which the background is darker than the object. In this case as shown in FIG. 3E, the image signal at the output of the preprocessor circuit 35 will have a voltage waveform that is inverted as compared to the one in FIG. 3C. Since the object's picture elements are represented by lower voltage levels than the background picture elements, the logic employed to determine if an object is present must be inverted. That is in order to conclude that an object is present, the actual minimum image signal voltage Vmin (associated with the object) must be less than 110 percent of the theoretical voltage level VREF for the object.
The voltage levels used by the illumination compensation technique depend upon the conclusion as to whether an object is present. Returning to the example in FIG. 3C in which the background is brighter than the object, if it is concluded that an object is present the measured maximum voltage level VMAX for the image is used as the brightest image level, otherwise the theoretical voltage level VREF for the object is used. At step 150 in FIG. 5, if the value of VMAX does not exceed ninety percent of the theoretical voltage level VREF, the system concludes that an object is not present in the image. In this case, the program branches to step 152 where the value of VMAX is replaced by the value of the theoretical voltage level VREF. Therefore, during the remainder of the illumination compensation routine, the theoretical voltage level will be used in place of the actual voltage level of the darkest picture element of the object. However, if the value of VMAX previously determined from inspecting the picture elements, exceeds ninety percent of the theoretical value for the object's voltage, the actual value is used in the remainder of the compensation technique.
Once the value for VMAX has been chosen, the program advances to step 156 where the difference between the actual value of VMIN and a chosen value for VMAX is determined and compared to a level equal to one-third the dynamic signal voltage range of the microcomputer 50. When a substantial change in illumination of the object occurs, the difference between the levels of VMAX and VMIN will differ significantly from one-third of the microcomputer's dynamic signal voltage range. If this is the case, the program branches to step 158 where the gain GADC of the multiplying DAC 42 and the exposure time are adjusted in proportion to the amount of deviation. Several interactions of the gain and exposure time alteration process may be required before the difference between VMAX and VMIN substantially equals one-third of the dynamic signal voltage range.
At step 160, the mean between the VMAX and VMIN is calculated and compared to the mean of the dynamic signal voltage range of the microcomputer. If the calculated mean does not substantially coincide with the mean of the dynamic signal voltage range, the program branches to step 162 where the output of the offset DAC 36 is adjusted to bring the two means into coincidence. Thus, steps 56-62 provide an adjustment of the signal applied to the analog input of the microcomputer 50 to compensate for variations in the image signal due to changes in the light intensity striking the object.
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|CN102109381B||Nov 30, 2010||May 23, 2012||南京理工大学||Design method for adaptive dynamic range of micro-bolometer|
|EP0977427A3 *||Jul 28, 1999||May 2, 2007||Canon Kabushiki Kaisha||Signal processing apparatus|
|EP0989517A2 *||Sep 13, 1999||Mar 29, 2000||Eastman Kodak Company||Determining the position of eyes through detection of flashlight reflection and correcting defects in a captured frame|
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|U.S. Classification||382/273, 348/E05.041, 348/678, 358/465|
|International Classification||H04N5/235, H04N5/225, G01B11/24, H04N7/18, G06T5/00, G06T1/00, H04N5/243|
|Cooperative Classification||G06T7/136, G06T7/11, G06T2207/30164, H04N5/243, G06T5/007, G06T2207/10152|
|European Classification||H04N5/243, G06T7/00S1, G06T5/00D|
|Dec 4, 1989||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ALLEN-BRADLEY COMPANY, INC., MILWAUKEE, WI A CORP.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:FARCHMIN, DAVID W.;REEL/FRAME:005191/0582
Effective date: 19891127
|May 1, 1995||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 11, 1999||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 9, 2003||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


PM Gati Shakti - National Master Plan for Multi-modal Connectivity
In a historic event for the infrastructure landscape of the country, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched PM GatiShakti - National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity, on 13th October, 2021.Instead of planning & designing separately in silos, the projects will be designed and executed through ‘PM Gati Shakti’ with a common vision. It incorporates the infrastructure schemes of various Ministries and State Governments like Bharatmala, Sagarmala, inland waterways, dry/land ports, UDAN etc. Economic Zones like textile clusters, pharmaceutical clusters, defence corridors, electronic parks, industrial corridors, fishing clusters, agri zones are covered to improve connectivity & make Indian businesses more competitive. It also leverage technology extensively including spatial planning tools with ISRO imagery developed by BiSAG-N (Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geoinformatics).
PM GatiShakti is the result of Prime Minister’s constant endeavour to build Next Generation Infrastructure which improves Ease of Living as well as Ease of Doing Business. The multi-modal connectivity will provide integrated and seamless connectivity for movement of people, goods and services from one mode of transport to another. It will create multiple employment opportunities and give a boost to the economy. It will improve the global competitiveness of local products by cutting down the logistics costs and improving the supply chains, and also ensure proper linkages for local industry & consumers.
Projects of Cochin Port included in the Gati Shakti master plan.
(i) Development of Multi User Liquid Terminal (MULT) with a capacity to handle 4.10 MMTPA (Million Metric Tonne Per Annum) at a cost of ₹72.68-cr. The project is in the final stage, with the capital dredging work at the berth basin underway.
(ii) The Re-construction of South Coal Berth (SCB) with a capacity of 1.30 MMTPA, at an estimated cost of ₹19.19-cr. This berth will exclusively handle materials meant for FACT.
Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) & Operational Efficiency through Technology (OETT) - initiatives being carried out by Cochin Port.
a) Improved vessel scheduling and Simplified Port Clearance - done online through Port Operating System facilitating submission of all documents in electronic mode. Port clearance during the non-office hours is also facilitated.
b) Installation of RFID/QR code based access control system for improved gate turnaround.
c) ERP based online gang (crew for onboard and on shore work) and equipment allocation.
d) Drive through Container Scanner installed by Customs at ICTT in June, 2018. Radiation Portal Monitor installed at the Out Gate of ICTT in July, 2019.
e) Facilitation of DPE and DPD (Dec.2022 DPE - 99.18% and DPD-27.86%
f) Principal PGAs viz.FSSAI, Plant Quarantine, Animal Quarantine, Drug Controller, Textile Committee & Wild Life Bureau are operated within the Port premises/ or in the close vicinity of the Port.
g) Port Operating System integrated with PCS and mobile application
h) Regular customer outreach programme for dissemination of information to the stake holders on the initiative for Ease of Doing Business.


text:
A big thank you to the owner Dirk for creating a fabulous haven. The detail in this place is amazing not to mention the beautiful rice field views. Amazing service from all the staff.
Breakfast each morning on our balcony overlooking the rice fields will be hard to forget. I haven't felt more at peace as I have staying here. My favourite has to be the outside shower. Just fabulous :)
My husband and I arrived from Legian with an upset stomach and thanks to Dirk's help we were feeling great in no time.
The free shuttle into town was a blessing as we happen to get a few rainy days.
I look forward to our return.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Boutique Hotel hidden in the rice fields, yet at walking distance from the center of Ubud. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Expedia, Agoda, Booking.com, Priceline, Traveltool, S.L.U., Hotel.de and Evoline ltd so you can book your Villa Sabandari reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Villa Sabandari Hotel Ubud
- Villa Sabandari Ubud, Bali


text:
This walk explores Storeton Woods in Birkenhead on the Wirral.
The woods are located just south of Birkenhead and west of Bebington on the peninsula. You can start your walk from the on road parking on Rest Hill Road which disects the two sections of the woods. From here you can easily pick up some pleasant woodland trails which runs through the old sandstone quarry. You can see evidence of the old tramway used to transport the stone. A fossilised dinosaur footprint was also found in the quarry in the 19th century and later moved to Liverpool Museum.
The site is great for wildlife too, with a variety of woodland birds to look out for from the trail.
PostcodeCH63 8PN - Please note: Postcode may be approximate for some rural locations
Storeton Woods Ordnance Survey Map - view and print off detailed OS map
Storeton Woods Open Street Map - view and print off detailed map
Storeton Woods OS Map - Mobile GPS OS Map with Location tracking
Storeton Woods Open Street Map - Mobile GPS Map with Location tracking
Traveller's Rest is conveniently located right next to the woods. The traditional pub does a fine Sunday roast and serves a good selection of ales. You can find them on the eastern side of the woods at 169 Mount Rd, Higher Bebington, CH63 8PJ.
The woods are ideal for dog walking so you'll probably meet other owners on your visit. The Traveller's Rest mentioned above is also dog friendly.
Further Information and Other Local Ideas
The woods are located just a couple of miles from Eastham Country Park. The park is located just to the south east, right on the coast. The Grade I listed buildings in the wonderful model village of Port Sunlight are also nearby.
Located on the north eastern tip of the peninsula there's the popular town of New Brighton where you'll find a lovely beach, a 19th century fort, a large marine lake and the longest promenade in Britain. The wildlife rich North Wirral Coastal Park is also located in this area.

domain: hobby


text:
The Nevada Supreme Court has upheld a ruling against Chris Milam, who has been working to develop a stadium in Henderson, in a case involving an unrelated development.
The court on Wednesday upheld a 2010 ruling by Clark County District Court Judge Mark Denton, who found Milam was involved in fraud and breach of fiduciary duty involving a failed plan to develop luxury condominiums west of the Hard Rock hotel-casino in Las Vegas.
Denton’s ruling says Milam misappropriated $1.1 million contributed by condo investors and falsely claimed the $1.1 million was his personal equity contribution to the project.
Problems with the condo development caused a business relationship between Milam and Peter Morton, developer of the Hard Rock, to collapse.
In the lawsuit Denton presided over, Milam initially consented to judgment damages being entered against him for the $1.1 million but later changed his mind and tried to fight the judgment.
Investors owed the $1.1 million said Milam’s decision to consent to the judgment was a deliberate choice as part of his litigation strategy, and they urged the Supreme Court to reject his appeal.
“We conclude that the motion for summary judgment sufficiently demonstrated a basis for holding Milam liable, and, as the District Court had sufficient grounds to deem the summary judgment motion unopposed and thus meritorious, it properly granted summary judgment,” the Supreme Court wrote in its ruling.
Justice James Hardesty dissented from the ruling, writing that Milam, appearing in the District Court lawsuit without an attorney, “did not have an opportunity to be fully heard.”

domain: news


text:
CLEVELAND - The FOX 8 I TEAM has learned secret grand jury hearings have started surrounding the Cleveland Police shooting of 18-year-old Brandon Jones.
His family says he was unarmed, and police have said they did not find a weapon.
Police shot and killed Jones nearly a year and a half ago after they said he had broken into a store overnight. Investigators said Jones came out of the store and got into a scuffle with officers.
What happened during that moment could, of course, be critical to determining if the shooting was justified, or if officers should face charges.
A witness called 9-1-1 and said she later saw the gunfire.
Cuyahoga County Prosecutors say they can't comment. However, that office has a policy of taking all police deadly force cases to a grand jury.
Cleveland Police and the Cuyahoga County Sheriff's Dept. investigated what happened.
No telling how long the grand jury process might take. The investigation into the police shooting of 12-year-old Tamir Rice took months and months and months before a grand jury decision.
Family attorney Paul Cristallo says, "From the information that we've heard, it doesn't sound like there was much of a struggle at all." Cristallo is encouraged to hear of the grand jury proceedings. He added, "The process with the grand jury is you're gonna get people from the community. Hopefully, they're gonna be impartial and unbiased."


ABC News: Cleveland kidnapper Ariel Castro will appear in court today where he is expected to be sentenced to life in prison, plus 1,000 years, as prosecutors released new details from his captives’ dairies that include “being held like a prisoner of war” on only one meal a day. A sentencing memorandum, released Wednesday, outlines dramatic details of how Amanda Berry, 27, Gina DeJesus, 23, and Michelle Knight, 32, were restrained by chains attached to their ankles with access only to plastic toilets in the bedrooms that were rarely emptied. Castro fed the women one meal a day and used the “cold of the basement” and the “heat of the attic” as punishment techniques, according to the memo.
Castro, 53, pleaded guilty Friday to 937 counts, including kidnapping, rape, assault and aggravated murder that will send him to prison for life with no chance of parole for abducting the three women and keeping them as sex slaves for more than a decade in his Cleveland home. The prosecution released the memo in an attempt to persuade the judge to give Castro the sentence that the former bus driver has agreed to accept.
The plea deal spared Castro the death penalty because he was accused of the aggravated murder of a fetus after forcibly causing an abortion in one of his victims that he is accused of impregnating. The deal will also spare the three women from having to testify at a trial. Knight is expected to appear at the sentencing to read an impact statement, a source with knowledge of the situation told ABC News.