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Background/Aims: This study was conducted to determine the potential of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS) in protection against lung cancer patient plasma-induced suppression of lymphocytes. Lung cancer is a major cause of disease and loss of life in the United States and worldwide. Cancer cells release immunosuppressive mediators, such as PGE2, TGF-β, IL-10, and VEGF, to inhibit the immune response to escape from immune surveillance. Gl-PS has been shown to counteract this immune inhibition in an animal cell culture model, and thus to facilitate tumor control. The present study explored whether or not such an effect could also be demonstrated in human lung cancer patients. Methods: Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, MTT, immunocytochemistry, and western blot analysis were used to assess lymphocyte activation with PHA. Results: The plasma of lung cancer patients suppressed proliferation, CD69 expression, and perforin and granzyme B production in lymphocytes upon activation by PHA, effects that were partially of fully reversed by Gl-PS. Conclusion: Lung cancer patient plasma-induced suppression of lymphocyte activation by phytohemagglutinin may be antagonized fully or partially by Gl-PS, an observation suggesting the potential of Gl-PS in cancer therapy.
Cancer is a major public health problem in the United States and many other parts of the world. Cancer is the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. The burden of cancer is increasing in economically developing countries as a result of population aging and growth. Moreover, adoption of cancer-associated lifestyle choices, including smoking, physical inactivity, and “Westernized” diets is on the rise . Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in males, the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer death in females in 2008 worldwide . One in four deaths in the United States is currently due to cancer. In the United States, it is expected that lung cancer will be the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in 2013, as well as the leading cause of cancer deaths in both males and females .
Carcinogenesis and cancer progression are closely associated with the host immune system. An intact immune system is essential to prevent the development and progression of neoplastic cells in a process termed “immune surveillance,” during which the innate and adaptive immune systems closely cooperate; T cells in particular play an important role in detecting and eliminating tumor cells . Despite ongoing surveillance by T cells and other components of the immune system, tumors develop despite the presence of an intact immune system and eventually become clinically detectable, indicating that tumors can escape from immune surveillance. Many tumors, including lung cancers, promote immune tolerance to escape host immune surveillance and facilitate tumor growth by utilizing numerous pathways, including the elaboration of immunosuppressive mediators, such as PGE2, TGF-β, IL-10, and VEGF , which may directly or indirectly inhibit the immune response and hamper immunotherapy . It has been demonstrated that the levels of PGE2, TGF-β, IL-10, and VEGF in patients with lung cancer are increased [6,7,8]. Therefore, the plasma containing immunosuppressive factors in lung cancer patients may suppress the function of immune cells, while antagonism against this immunosuppression may facilitate tumor control.
Many natural products have been demonstrated with immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities [9,10,11,12,13,14,15], including Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS), important active constituents extracted from G. lucidum. G. lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to improve health and longevity . Gl-PS has been widely studied in recent decades for its anti-tumor activity, which is mainly achieved by boosting host immune function . Dendritic cell maturation and function, cytokine production , cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function , and cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) function  were promoted by Gl- PS. Gl-PS can also enhance the function of immunologic effector cells in immunosuppressed mice . Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is reversed by Gl-PS through down-regulation of the expression of MDR-1 and MDR-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in an adriamycin (ADM)-resistant leukemic cell line, K562/ADM , and also wound repair in intestinal epithelial cells was accelerated by Gl-PS . In addition, the growth of vascular endothelial cells, as well as the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human lung cancer cell, was inhibited by Gl-PS . Gl-PS did not inhibit cell proliferation when it was added directly to PG human lung carcinoma cell cultures, while the serum derived from Gl- PS-treated mice markedly inhibited PG cell proliferation , indicating that Gl-PS had no direct cell toxicity in tumor cells, but promoted host anti-tumor immunity and anti-angiogenesis.
Our previous studies with the B16F10 melanoma cell line demonstrated that in addition to the effects on host immune function, Gl-PS also acts on tumor cells to enhance the expression of MHC class I and co-stimulatory molecules  which may at least partially contribute to promotion of lymphocyte activation  and induction of stronger anti-tumor cytotoxicity in CTLs with granzyme B and perforin in vitro accompanied by a reduction in the incidence of tumorigenesis and prolonged latency in vivo . In addition, suppression of lymphocytes as well as macrophages caused by B16F10 cell culture supernatants containing immunosuppressive factors, such as TGF-β, IL-10, and VEGF, was antagonized by Gl-PS [29,30,31]. Lymphocyte proliferation, and perforin and granzyme B production in lymphocytes after induction with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), as well as lymphocyte proliferation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, were suppressed by B16F10 cell culture supernatants in which there were elevated levels of IL-10, TGF-β1, and VEGF, but the suppression was fully or partially antagonized by Gl-PS . However, the antagonism was only studied in an animal cell culture model of melanoma, and it is important to know what is in the plasma of cancer patients, especially patients with other cancers, such as lung cancer, because the constituents may be more complex in cancer patients than in an animal cell culture model, and there are many differences between human beings and other animals. The ultimate purpose of researching the antagonistic effects of Gl-PS against immunosuppression by cancer cells is to benefit cancer control in cancer patients by antagonism with Gl-PS or similar agents against immunosuppression by cancer cells. Therefore, although a study using an animal cell culture model is useful and beneficial, a study with cancer patients is necessary, which may be helpful to understand the effects of the antagonism with Gl-PS against immunosuppression by cancer cells from cancer patients, such as lung cancer. The plasma of lung cancer patients may also contain immunosuppressive factors with immunosuppressive effects on lymphocytes and Gl-PS may antagonize these immunosuppressive effects as well, which remains to be demonstrated. The present study was designed to detect the suppressive effect of lung cancer patient plasma on lymphocytes and the antagonistic effect of Gl-PS against this suppression.
Materials and Methods
Preparation of the plasma and lymphocytes
Venous blood was collected with informed consent from 12 lung cancer patients (9 males and 3 females; age range, 48-79 years; average age, 56.5 years) who were cared for at The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College (Chengde, Hebei province, China) before any therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. After centrifugation, the plasma was isolated from the venous blood and stored at -80°C, while the remainder of the venous blood was re-suspended with normal saline followed by Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation to collect human peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were adjusted to 2.5×108/ml in RPMI-1640. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital. All of the subjects provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
Preparation of Gl-PS
Gl-PS, isolated from the boiling water extract of the fruit bodies of G. lucidum by ethanol precipitation and dialysis, followed by Sevag deproteination, was kindly provided by the Fuzhou Institute of Green Valley Bio-Pharm Technology . As we previously described , Gl-PS is a glycopeptide with a molecular weight of 584,900; the ratio of polysaccharides-to-peptides was 93.61%:6.49%. The polysaccharides consisted of d-rhamnose, d-xylose, d-fructose, d-galactose, d-mannose, and d-glucose with a molar ratio of 0.793:0.964 :2.944:0.167:0.389:7.94, and linked together by β-glycosidic linkages. Sixteen amino acid contained in the peptides were as follows: Asp; Thr; Ser; Glu; Gly; Ala; Cys; Val; Met; Ile; Leu; Phe; Lys; His; Arg; and Pro. The Gl- PS was identified by the wave spectrum and dissolved in serum-free RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco BRL, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), then filtered through a 0.22-μm filter and stored at 4°C before each assay.
CD69 expression assay by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry
CD69 expression on the surface of lymphocytes was determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Lymphocytes (1×106/well) were cultured in RPMI-1640, containing 40 μl of plasma, 2 μl of PHA (final concentration, 100 μg/ml), and different concentrations of Gl-PS in 96-well culture plates for 24 h at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Plasma from healthy donors was used as a control. Cells were harvested and washed with ice cold fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) buffer (PBS containing 2% FBS and 0.1% sodium azide). The same buffer was used for the incubation with antibodies, as well as all washes. Cells were adjusted to 1×107/ml and non-conjugated isotype IgG1 κ was used to block non-specific antibody binding. After washing three times, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-CD69 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) antibody were added to the cells and the samples were left at 4°C for 45 min in the dark. The CD69 expression on the cell surface was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Fluorescence profiles were generated on a FACScalibure flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA). Histogram and density plots were generated by CellQuest software (Becton Dickinson). Dead cells and debris were gated out.
Lymphocyte proliferation assay
Cell proliferation was measured using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay . The lymphocytes (1×106/well) were cultured in RPMI-1640, containing 40 μl of plasma and 2 μl of PHA (final concentration, 100 μg/ml) and different concentrations of Gl-PS in 96-well culture plates at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Plasma from healthy donors was used as a control. After a 68-h incubation, MTT solution (20 μl [5 mg/ml]; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added to each well and followed by an additional 4-h incubation. The cells were lysed and the purple formazan crystals were solubilized with DMSO for detection at 490 nm. The absorbance was translated into a lymphocyte proliferation ratio for comparison, as follows: lymphocyte proliferation ratio = (test absorbance/normal control absorbance) × 100%.
After incubation (1×106 cells/well) in RPMI-1640 containing 40 μl of plasma, 2 μl of PHA (final concentration, 100 μg/ml), and different concentrations of Gl-PS (total volume, 200 μl/well) in 96-well culture plates for 48 h at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2, the lymphocytes was aspirated from plated cells, which were then rinsed three times with PBS. Cells were smeared on slides, then allowed to air dry for 30 min and fixed with cold acetone for 5 min. Plasma from healthy donors was used as a control. The endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched with 3% hydrogen peroxide and the non-specific binding sites were blocked with 10% normal serum. After PBS washing, primary antibody (purified goat anti-granzyme B or goat anti-perforin antibody, 1:50 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA) was added to the cells and incubated overnight at 4°C followed by three rinses with wash buffer. The expression of granzyme B and perforin was visualized with a horseradish peroxidase-labelled rabbit anti-goat secondary antibody for 2 h at 37°C, and finalized with a diaminobenzidine solution. Coverslips were applied to the slides with mounting medium after counterstaining with hematoxylin and observed under a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
Western blot analysis
Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein levels of granzyme B and perforin expressed in the mononuclear lymphocytes after stimulation with PHA and treatment with plasma of lung cancer patients and Gl-PS for 48 h. After treatment, cells were collected and washed once with 1× PBS, lysed in lysis buffer on ice for 30 min, and briefly vortexed, followed by centrifugation at 12,000 rpm for 20 min and collection of the supernatant. Protein concentrations were determined. Equal amounts of cell lysate were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and the separated proteins were then electrotransferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. After exposure to the antibodies and horseradish peroxidase-labelled secondary antibodies, specific proteins were detected using western blotting luminol reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.). The band intensity was analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
All data, except immunocytochemistry data, were presented as the means with standard deviations (SD). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett's t-test, were used to compare the differences between different groups. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value <0.05.
CD69 expression on mononuclear lymphocytes
As shown by flow cytometry, after a 24-h incubation with lung cancer patient plasma, upon PHA stimulation in vitro, CD69 expression on mononuclear lymphocytes was inhibited markedly compared with controls (p<0.05), while Gl-PS at concentrations of 3.2 and 12.8 μg/ml significantly antagonized this inhibition (both p<0.05, Fig. 1).
Proliferation in mononuclear lymphocytes
The MTT assay showed that after a 72-h incubation with lung cancer patient plasma, upon PHA stimulation in vitro, proliferation in mononuclear lymphocytes was inhibited markedly compared with their controls (p<0.05), while Gl-PS at any concentration used in this study significantly antagonized this inhibition (all p<0.05, Fig. 2).
Perforin expression in mononuclear lymphocytes
After a 48-h incubation with lung cancer patient plasma, upon PHA stimulation in vitro, the expression of perforin in mononuclear lymphocytes, as detected by western blot analysis, was inhibited markedly compared with controls (p<0.05), while Gl-PS at any concentration used in this study significantly antagonized this inhibition (all p<0.05, Fig. 3). The immunocytochemistry data showed similar results (Fig. 4).
Granzyme B expression in mononuclear lymphocytes
The expression of granzyme B in mononuclear lymphocytes after a 48-h incubation with lung cancer patient plasma, as detected by western blot analysis, upon PHA stimulation in vitro, was inhibited markedly compared with controls (p<0.05), while Gl-PS at concentrations of 0.8, 3.2, and 12.8 μg/ml significantly antagonized this inhibition (all p<0.05, Fig. 5). The immunocytochemistry data showed similar results (Fig. 6).
Lung cancer is a major cause of disease burden and loss of life in the US and worldwide [33,34]. It is estimated by the American Cancer Society that there will be 228,190 new cases of lung cancer and 159,480 deaths attributed to lung cancer in 2013.  In the US, more people die of lung cancer than colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. Only 16% of lung cancers are diagnosed when the disease is still localized, while the majority of lung cancers are diagnosed at later stages, which results in a high mortality rate. The initiation and progression of the lung cancer is associated with many factors, including immunity, cytogenetics , epithelial-mesenchymal transition , and sunlight . Although the immune system with the potential to destroy tumor cells serves as the final natural defense against tumor development, tumor cells can escape from the host immune system by numerous mechanisms which suppress anti-tumor immune function . Tumors possess both direct and indirect mechanisms by which immune function is suppressed; one of the direct mechanisms is the secretion of immune suppressive products, such as PGE2, VEGF, IL-10, and TGF-β . Therefore, the plasma of lung cancer patients may contain immune suppressive products and suppress immune function in lymphocytes.
CD69 is one of the earliest proteins expressed after leukocyte activation; CD69 is essential in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses . CD69 is a widely expressed type II transmembrane glycoprotein related to the C-type animal lectins. CD69 exhibits regulated expression on a variety of cells of the hematopoietic lineage, including lymphocytes, and activation of T lymphocytes results in the induced expression of CD69 at the cell surface, while cross-linking of CD69 by specific antibodies leads to the activation of cells bearing this receptor and the induction of effector functions . As one of the earliest cell surface antigens expressed by T cells following activation, CD69 is detectable within 1 h of ligation of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex, and once expressed, CD69 acts as a co-stimulatory molecule for T cell activation and proliferation . In the current study, it was shown that CD69 expression on lymphocytes after stimulation with PHA was suppressed by lung cancer patient plasma, while this suppression was antagonized by Gl-PS, indicating that lung cancer patient plasma may suppress lymphocyte activation, but Gl-PS may antagonize this suppression.
The process of lymphocyte activation is very tightly regulated, resulting in the production of cytokines, as well as clonal expansion and differentiation of effector lymphocytes , accompanied by a cascade of signaling events that ultimately results in the induction of IL-2 gene expression, cell-cycle entry, proliferation, and T cell effector functions . Therefore, the lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens, such as PHA, can disclose the activation of lymphocytes. It was shown in the current study that lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with PHA was suppressed by lung cancer patient plasma, while this suppression was antagonized by Gl-PS, indicating also that lung cancer patient plasma may suppress lymphocyte activation, while Gl-PS may antagonize this suppression.
Cytotoxic lymphocytes rapidly respond and destroy malignant cells and cells infected with intracellular pathogens. Cellular apoptosis induced by cytotoxic lymphocytes is mainly mediated by two pathways: granule exocytosis employs the secretory granules of these lymphocytes; and signaling through death receptors of the TNF-αR superfamily, especially FasL. Cytotoxic lymphocytes are armed with granules that are released in the granule-exocytosis pathway to kill tumor and virus-infected cells. These granules include the pore-forming protein perforin (pfp) and a family of serine proteases (granzymes) that cleave and activate effector molecules within the target cell . Perforin and granzyme B are two of the first proteins isolated from these granules. Perforin plays a central role in apoptosis induced by granzymes . While perforin facilitates the entry of granzymes into a target cell, the latter initiate distinct apoptotic routes . In the secretory granule-mediated cell death pathway, which is the key mechanism for elimination of virus-infected and transformed target cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes, the formation of the immunologic synapse between an effector and a target cell leads to exocytic trafficking of the secretory granules and the release of their contents, which include pro-apoptotic serine proteases, granzymes, and pore-forming perforin into the synapse. In the synapse, perforin polymerizes and forms a transmembrane pore that allows the delivery of granzymes into the cytosol, where various apoptotic death pathways are initiated . Therefore, perforin and granzyme B in the lymphocytes induced by mitogens, such as PHA, are closely associated with the function of cytotoxic lymphocytes. It was shown in the current study that the expression of perforin and granzyme B in lymphocytes after stimulation with PHA is suppressed by lung cancer patient suppression, while this suppression was antagonized by Gl-PS, which may further indicate that lung cancer patient plasma may suppress lymphocyte function, while Gl-PS may antagonize this suppression.
Considering that the most well-known and best-characterized tumor-derived immunosuppressive molecules are IL-10, TGF-β, VEGF , and PGE2 , the most likely mechanism by which Gl-PS antagonizes the immunosuppression by lung cancer patient plasma may involve the immunosuppressive molecules in the plasma derived from tumors. To achieve this antagonism, there are different ways to promote the degradation of immunosuppressive molecules and inhibition of the receptors and signaling pathways. The definite mechanisms underlying lung cancer patient plasma may be demonstrated in the future.
The authors thank Professor Shuqian Lin of the Fuzhou Institute of Green Valley Bio-Pharm Technology for providing the Gl-PS.
Conflict of Interest
The authors report no declarations of interest.

domain: biology


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Some consider former NSA contractor Edward Snowden a hero for releasing classified material to the media; others argue that he has irreparably harmed national security. Famed whistleblower Daniel Ellsberg and a former CIA director face off in the latest Intelligence Squared debate.
Federal authorities have arrested a Chinese national who is accused of trying to buy accelerometers from a company in suburban Seattle. Certain kinds of accelerometers are subject to export controls, because they're used to guide missiles and spacecraft. The U.S. has been trying to keep accelerometer technology under wraps for half a century. Even as some accelerometers were used to guide Cold War missiles into space and around the world, today's technological descendents allow you to play racing games on your iPhone.
The recent allegations that a Chinese spy was trying to steal technology are in fact nothing new. Audie Cornish talks to James Lewis, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, about protecting U.S. technology from spying abroad.
Journalists who broke the news in The Guardian and The Washington Post are among those receiving this year's George Polk Awards in Journalism. Without their work, the stories "would not have seen the light of day."
After 12 plus years of war in Afghanistan and Iraq, the commandant of the Marine Corps is taking stock of where the Marine Corps is headed as an institution. Gen. James Amos is examining issues from discipline and sexual assault, to how to keep Marines who signed up to fight engaged. During a recent visit to Los Angeles, Gen. Amos sat down with Renee Montagne to talk about his efforts.
Just by searching online, researchers found the buildings where the North Korean military is believed to be building launchers for ballistic missiles. Google Earth and cheap satellite images make this kind of intelligence gathering possible for most anyone with an Internet connection.
Journalist Asra Nomani spent years trying to process the death of her good friend, Daniel Pearl, who was killed by terrorists in Pakistan. Host Michel Martin hears why Nomani needed to tell Pearl's final story. This segment originally aired Jan. 28, 2014, on Tell Me More.
The Obama administration is considering targeting an American citizen who is suspected of plotting a terrorist attack. The possibility again raises questions about U.S. drone policy and whether an American's citizenship rights are lost once that person joins a terrorist organization.
Disclosures by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden have shaken the intelligence community and spurred Congress to try to impose new limits on electronic surveillance. In recent weeks, aftershocks from those leaks have been rippling through the courts too. Some judges have signaled they're no longer willing to take the government's word when it comes to national security.
For the first time in five years, worldwide military spending is expected to go up, with China and Russia leading the way. The U.S. military budget is facing pressure, but the $600 billion in annual spending is roughly the same as the next 14 countries combined.
When you give to WAMU, your tax-deductible membership gift helps make possible award-winning programs such as Morning Edition, All Things Considered, The Diane Rehm Show, The Kojo Nnamdi Show, and other favorites.

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LAURA WETZLER BAND
American spiced with World beat Music Concert
Sunday, SEPTEMBER 9 – 4:00 p.m.
$10 at the door; wheelchair/elevator accessible
Singer songwriter and guitarist Laura Wetzler brings a mix of original Hilltown songs with the Great American Songbook and Worldbeat Music from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Wes Brown on Stand-up Bass and Richie Davis playing World Multi-percussion.
North Hall artist gallery: The North Hall artist gallery featuring the art work of Linda Siska, Christine McShane, Betty Langlois and Jaynie Barnes is open before and after the event and at intermission.
contact: 413- 667- 5543 / www.northhallhuntington.org
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Summary: antwone fisher is the triumphant story of a hot-headed sailor (derek luke) who must find a way to bring his hair-triggered temper under control before he is booted out of the navy first-time director, denzel washington plays the psychiatrist who must help antwone understand his past and instruct him in forgiveness toward those who. Antwone's story does touch everyone, but antwone fisher doesn't always show how still, the film traces an incredible journey, and, as washington says, we touch on issues that have sort of been. Summary & details der 24-jährige navy-soldat antwone fisher (derek luke) hat ein ernsthaftes problem, seine latenten agressionen unter kontrolle zu halten, was ihn.
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The directorial debut of academy award-winning actor denzel washington, antwone fisher is an autobiographical drama written by the real-life antwone fisher played by newcomer derek luke, antwone. Antwone fisher is a good sailor but he has a hair-trigger temper, and it lands him in the office of the base psychiatrist, dr jerome davenport he refuses to talk. Summary and reviews of finding fish by antwone quenton fisher, plus links to a book excerpt from finding fish and author biography of antwone quenton fisher.
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Antwone fisher is the author of the new york times bestseller finding fish he is also the screenwriter of the film antwone fisher, based on his life and directed by academy award winner denzel washington. The movie antwone fisher was about a young navy man name antwone fisher, who finds himself confronting his frightening past after being sent to a psychiatrist commander williams. Antwone fisher movie analysis or any similar topic specifically for you do not waste your time houseboy summary a limited time offer get authentic custom. By elaine cassel antwone fisher, directed by and starring denzel washington, is based on the true story of a young man who had plenty of reasons to be angryhis anger could have destroyed him, but psychotherapy turned him around.
This one-page guide includes a plot summary and brief analysis of finding fish by antwone quenton fisher in his autobiography, finding fish (2001), antwone quenton fisher writes about being born in prison as his mother was incarcerated. Antwone's foster mother that abuses and belittles antwone while a lad along with his two other foster brothers plot summary: based on a true story, this biographical drama centered around antwone fish fisher. Soon to be a major motion picture starring and directed by denzel washington, finding fish is the memoir of antwone fisher's miraculous journey from abandonment and abuse to liberation, manhood, and extraordinary success -- a modern-day oliver twist.
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domain: literature


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Elegant Depression Rolled Edge Console Bowl Gold Encrusted Etched Trim
- Source: eBay
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If you’ve always wondered what goes on inside Melton’s petfoods factory you will get a unique opportunity on Thursday evening when Channel 4 broadcasts a special television documentary about it.
Britain’s Giant Pet Food Factory, which airs at 9pm, focuses on operations at the Mars Petcare UK plant, on Mill Street, and its associated pet nutrition and science centre at Waltham.
The plant, which manufactures one million pet food pouches every day, has been one of the town’s biggest employers in the 70 years it has operated.
The 60-minute programme gives an insight into the staff and the jobs they do to help feed the nation’s pets and keep them healthy.
Viewers will see how employees carry out their roles at the factory, which runs continuously for 24 hours every day, from measuring chunks in the pet food by the millimetre to personally tasting dishes themselves.
One member of staff highlighted at the 14-acre Waltham science centre, which employs over 1,000 animals and 250 humans, is animal trainer Debi, who is shown collecting urine and poo samples for scientific trials.
The show also demonstrates how staff are encouraged to bring their pets to work to improve the happiness of their work environment.
Mars Petcare UK said the film crew quickly became friendly and familiar faces at the factory, office and at the Waltham centre from when they started filming for the documentary 18 months ago.
A spokesperson said: “It was very exciting.
“We all love, and are passionate about, what we do here at Mars Petcare UK so to be able to showcase that to the nation is something we’re all thrilled about.
“Even though a number of us were a bit nervous about getting in front of the camera it was a fantastic experience and something everyone is incredibly proud to have been a part of.
“We can’t wait to watch it on television this week.”
The spokesperson added: “The documentary is an authentic look behind the scenes at what makes Mars Petcare tick, and by presenting the business in this transparent and honest way we hope to change some of the perceptions on pre-prepared pet food and give insight into exactly what goes into developing and manufacturing our products, which is something a lot of consumers aren’t aware of.
“We’re pet people, we know that pets make our lives better.
“That’s why we’re confident in opening our doors and showing viewers the way we work, how our products are made and the philosophy by which we live.”
Joe Leveridge, site research and development manager at Mars Petcare UK, said: “We know how much love there is for pets in this country.
“That’s why I’m delighted to be opening our factory doors for the first time and showing everyone just how much research, expertise and passion goes into creating products that feed so many of Britain’s furrier friends.
“I’m so excited to take the viewers on this journey with me and my colleagues and share how we are guided by our purpose of making a better world for pets.”
Describing the one-off documentary, which is narrated by comedian Robert Webb, Channel 4’s factual entertainment commissioning editor, Becky Cadman, said: “This is an eye-opening insight into what goes on behind the scenes at one of the UK’s biggest pet food manufacturers.”
The programme was made for the channel by Whitworth Media, whose creative director, Hugh Whitworth, said: ”This has been an amazing journey into a rarely glimpsed world of poo-centric science, pet-mad employees and what really goes into making mass-produced pet food.”
Britain’s Giant Pet Food Factory will air on Channel 4 at 9pm on Thursday.
The programme follows just a month after millions of viewers tuned into a prime time BBC1 documentary based on Melton’s hosting of the annual British Pie Awards.
The viewer numbers were further boosted by online and TV catch-up viewings of the show and the makers expect that will also be the case with this week’s Mars Petcare programme.


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E. macropterus, is native to eastern Asia and came to Mustila from Sakhalin Island. It differs from the other spindle species at the Arboretum in its strong branches, large buds, and particularly large fruits. The first bright green shoots appear early in spring. The dangling seed cases which develop in late summer open lantern-like or propeller-shaped to release the orange-coated seeds.
The spindle (Euonymus) genus includes over 100 species, most of them native to Asia. Many are showy ornamentals suited to a wide range of sites; the biggest barrier to their more general use has probably been that they are poisonous. While it is true that eating large amounts of any of the parts of these plants will cause symptoms of poisoning to both humans and animals, on the other hand their unpleasant smell and taste aren’t really tempting.


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Short answer accelerometer gyroscope raspberry pi:
Raspberry Pi can be connected with sensors such as an accelerometer and a gyroscope to measure motion, orientation, and tilt. These sensors provide valuable data for robotics, gaming, and other applications. The Raspberry Pi has built-in GPIO pins that enable connection with various sensors including accelerometers and gyroscopes. Python libraries like Sense HAT are used to program these sensors effectively.
How to Use Accelerometer and Gyroscope with Raspberry Pi: A Step-by-Step Guide
Raspberry Pi is a popular single board computer (SBC) that can be programmed to perform various tasks. One of the features of Raspberry Pi that makes it stand out is its ability to measure motion using an accelerometer and gyroscope. In this step-by-step guide, we will explore how you can use these sensors with Raspberry Pi.
Step 1: Understanding Accelerometers and Gyroscopes
Before diving into working with these sensors, let’s understand what they are and how they work. Both accelerometers and gyroscopes are sensors used to measure motion but they operate on different principles. An accelerometer measures linear acceleration, while a gyroscope measures angular velocity.
In simple terms, an accelerometer can detect whether the device is moving or stationary in any direction, while a gyroscope can detect changes in direction (yaw), pitch or roll by measuring rotational speeds. Together these two sensors provide full 6-axis motion measurement capabilities.
Step 2: Choosing the Right Sensor
There are many different types of accelerometers and gyroscopes available in the market, each with its unique specifications. For this guide, we will be using the MPU6050 chip which contains both an accelerometer and a gyroscope on one module. This chip communicates over I2C making it easy to integrate with Raspberry pi.
Step 3: Wiring the Sensor to Raspberry Pi
Once you have your sensor module ready, connect it to your Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pins using jumper wires based on the schematics given for your specific model.
Step 4: Installing Required Libraries
To make things easier when programming functions using the sensor data values from RasPi,you’ll need Python libraries specifically designed for accessing and interpreting sensor data like Some libraries include Adafruit CircuitPython library which simplifies programming by providing sample code snippets; beginners would find this easier than starting from scratch with pure Python code.
You’ll also need SMBus library installed to be able communicate via I2C bus as well as the (i.e. Standard MLX 90614-EVAL) from repositories.
Step 5: Reading Data from the Sensors
Once you have installed all necessary libraries, it is time to read data from both sensors. You can write Python code using ‘c’ adaptation of C functions provided generated on your Raspberry Pi in order to collect data from the accelerometer and gyroscope. If this sounds complex, then go for CircuitPython library which runs directly on RasPi.
With a correctly integrated MPU6050, reading data may look like:
from smbus import SMBus
from time import sleep
bus = SMBus(1)
address = 0x68
# wake up device
bus.write_byte_data(address, power_mgmt_1, 0)
# read raw accelerometer and gyro values
accel_xout_raw = read_word_2c(bus,address,3)
accel_yout_raw = read_word_2c(bus,address,5)
accel_zout_raw = read_word
Frequently Asked Questions about Using Accelerometer and Gyroscope with Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is a powerful and versatile microcomputer that has revolutionized the way people learn about programming, coding, and electronics. The device comes with various sensors that can be used to detect movement, acceleration, and orientation. Among these sensors are the accelerometer and gyroscope.
Many people who wish to work with these sensors on their Raspberry Pi are unsure where to begin or are confused by the technical jargon associated with them. In this article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about using an accelerometer and gyroscope with a Raspberry Pi.
What is an Accelerometer?
An accelerometer is a device that measures changes in velocity or acceleration. Essentially, it measures how fast an object’s speed is increasing or decreasing over time. It does this by producing small electrical signals when it detects even the slightest movement. Accelerometers can be used in a multitude of applications—from industrial machines to mobile phones—to help measure acceleration data.
What is a Gyroscope?
A gyroscope is another device that measures motion but in terms of orientation rather than linear acceleration. It can sense the rate at which an object rotates around its three axes (x, y, z), making it especially useful for detecting changes in angular position.
How do you use an Accelerometer with your Raspberry Pi?
To use an accelerometer with your Raspberry Pi, you will need to install appropriate libraries and software onto your device first. There are different types of accelerometers available for use with Raspberry Pis, such as ADXL345 or MPU6050 chips type accelerator modules.
Once you have identified what module you will use for this project (ADXL345 or MPU6050 etc.), connect it to your GPIO pins following any suitable schematic diagram guideline like (
). Power up your board via USB cable port and run specific code to get GPIO readings on the connected acceleration axis.
How do you use a Gyroscope with your Raspberry Pi?
To use a gyroscope with the Raspberry Pi, much like an accelerometer, you need to have software installed that can interact with it. An MPU6050 is a popular chip for this purpose and has both accelerometer and gyroscope capabilities.
Again, you will need to connect it to your GPIO pins following any suitable schematic diagram guideline like (
After connecting all components properly on header pins, run specific Code in your python environment using correct i2c interfaces readings.
What are some practical applications of using an Accelerometer or Gyroscope with your Raspberry Pi?
There are many practical applications for utilizing either of these sensors. One example could be monitoring vehicles’ performance or control systems’ orientation in aerospace industries where dynamic motion plays pivotal role. The sensor data generated through its readings can help monitor and optimize operating parameters such as energy consumption patterns during displacement, machines movement accuracy adjustment to avoid collisions in real
Top Projects using Accelerometer and Gyroscope with Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is a popular single-board computer that can be used in a variety of projects. One of the most exciting applications for the Raspberry Pi is using it with an accelerometer and gyroscope. These sensors can measure motion and orientation, allowing you to create some really cool projects.
Here are the top projects using accelerometer and gyroscope with Raspberry Pi:
1. Gesture control robots
Using an accelerometer and gyroscope with Raspberry Pi, you can build gesture control robots that respond to your movements. These robots can follow your hand movements or move in response to gestures like clapping or waving.
2. Virtual reality controllers
An accelerometer and gyroscope can be used to create virtual reality controllers that track the movement of your hands. This allows you to interact with VR applications without needing to use a traditional controller.
3. Balancing robots
One of the coolest applications for accelerometers and gyroscopes is building balancing robots. These bots use the sensors to keep themselves upright, even when moving on uneven surfaces.
4. Fitness trackers
Accelerometers inside smartphones are commonly used as activity trackers, but by integrating them into DIY wearables together with a raspberry pi computer, we may build smart bracelets/ wristbands which might have more features other than just activity tracking like multisport mode etc.
5.Collision detection system
Detecting crashes or any sort of impacts sustained while driving over rough terrain maybe helpful in designing medical devices (like wheelchair defense mechanism) &also gives detailed insights during crash reconstruction.Abundant resources are available such as processing unit(Raspberry Pi) Geo-location hardware(GPS) even cloud services(AWS) making it possible to analyze offline or remotely depending on requirement.
These are just a few examples of projects using accelerometers and gyroscopes with Raspberry Pi; there are many other possibilities as well.The best thing about these types of projects is they’re incredibly customizable: you’re only limited by your imagination!

domain: hobby


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domain: geography


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domain: economics


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domain: law


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College Savings Planning
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Click through our approach below to see how we can help you get started today.
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*All situations are different, please consult your financial professional for information regarding your needs and suitability issues. An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks and charges and expenses associated with municipal fund securities (529 Plans) before investing. More information about municipal securities is available in the issuer’s official statement. The official statement should be read carefully before investing.

domain: finance


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A grand opening is happening this morning for a Bankhead infill project billed as “affordable living near the BeltLine,” continuing the city’s push for more accessible housing near the growing multi-use trail corridor.
Atlanta Mayor Andre Dickens and BeltLine president and CEO Clyde Higgs were scheduled to cut the proverbial ribbon and lead tours alongside Prestwick Companies developers and other dignitaries at the mixed-use venture called Parkside.
Offering one, two, and three-bedroom rentals, Parkside has finished construction at 1314 Donald Lee Hollowell Parkway, overlooking Microsoft’s ballyhooed future mixed-use campus across the street. The site was previously home to a small commercial building and ancillary structures, which were demolished in 2018.
Today, the location offers quick access to transit at MARTA’s Bankhead station across the street and the scenic, three-mile Proctor Creek Greenway, with the new Westside Park now open just to the north. The final unbuilt segment of the BeltLine’s Westside Trail is located a couple of blocks east of the apartments, near the Maddox Park greenspace.
The project also includes a retail component along Donald Lee Hollowell Parkway. Marketing materials note the apartments’ close proximity to “some of Atlanta’s best dining and shopping in the Westside Provisions District,” too.
As for the units themselves, they range from one-bedroom, one-bathroom options with 687 square feet to three-bedroom, two-bathroom homes with 1,132 square feet.
According to Apartment Finder, rents range from $736 to $1,452 monthly. Amenities include multiple communal spaces, an expansive gym, business center, and conference center, per project reps.
When Parkside was announced as the first phase of Quarry Yards in 2018, the unit count was 177. Eighty-five percent of the apartments were planned to be offered to residents earning 60 percent of the area’s median income or less, with the other 15 percent capped at 80 percent of AMI.
For now, the location’s 19 Walk Score clunks as “car-dependent,” and the 20 Bike Score as “somewhat bikeable,” though the 51 Transit Score comes in stronger at “good.”
With the passage of the Moving Atlanta Forward infrastructure package last month, along with the BeltLine’s accelerated construction and MARTA’s planned Bankhead station expansion, logic says those scores should improve sooner than later.
• Recent Bankhead news, discussion (Urbanize Atlanta)


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text:
Searing performances elevate 'The Mountaintop'
PROVIDENCE, R.I. — At this time of year when we honor the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Trinity Rep is staging an uneven but often crushingly powerful look at the last hours of the slain civil-rights leader’s life, holed up with an irreverent angel.
Katori Hall’s “The Mountaintop” takes a while to get off the ground. King, played as all too human in a searing portrayal by Joe Wilson Jr., has checked into the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, where we all know his amazing life was snuffed out.
He spends this last night talking with a maid, who turns out to be the angel of death, albeit, the kind of imperfect soul King can connect with. For much of the first half of this one-act play, King and Mia Ellis’ Camae flirt, smoke cigarettes and shoot the breeze.
But as the play tightens, there are scenes that are just overwhelming, like when Wilson, an intense actor who has never been better, talks on the phone to God, who turns out to be a black woman. He is just riveting in these moments, without ever losing control. Wilson’s King knows his time is up, and tries to come to terms with his life. I’m just a man, he keeps saying.
And it is at that point this stunning play clicks. Of course, we know things don’t end well for King. But after the inevitable, the stage explodes with videos of all that has happened in the world since his death.
Much of it looks like MTV footage until we see the grinning face of Donald Trump and hear Wilson intoning that we’ve come so far, but have so far to go.
Among the production’s pluses is the chemistry between Wilson and Ellis, who’s this sassy, in-your-face type who is new on the job and has her own issues. They are perfect together.
And they are perfect because they are both so human. We get a sense of King, as the great civil-rights leader, the great orator. But on this last night in Memphis, he’s just a guy trying to call his wife one last time to tell her he loves her.
And those moments feel like a kick in the gut.
What saves the play is Hall’s ability to find the humor among tragedy, to paint a picture of a great American hero who is so like everyone else plagued by doubts and demons. See it for the acting, and at least moments of theater that will leave you breathless.
If you go
What: "The Mountaintop"
Where: Trinity Repertory Company, 201 Washington St., Providence
When: Through Feb. 12
Tickets: $25 to $71
Info: (401) 351-4242, trinityrep.com

domain: artistic


At Monday evening's City Council Session, Richard Pucci, the City's Operations Manager outlined some background towards a request for Council to approve the city's plan to explore grant funding opportunities towards an innovative wastewater treatment concept.
One which if it moves forward, would be be used as part of the treatment process of the city's waste water as part of the wide ranging water infrastructure program
As part of his presentation, the Operations Manager also observed how in addition to the Federation of Canadian Municipalities Green Municipal Fund grant program, the city was looking at other options for funding for the 3 million dollar price point for the pilot project.
"The City is researching the ability to treat our community's liquid waste through an organically based wetland system. The capital cost of this pilot project is between 2 and 3 million dollars, this grant would contribute up to 500,000 dollars towards that capital cost. The city would be responsible for the remainder, however this department and myself are actively looking for other grants and other sources, opportunities to fund the remaining portion ... Based with the need to develop liquid waste treatment for the community the city will significantly benefit from this grant to explore green and innovative options" -- City Operations Manager Richard Pucci speaking to Council Monday evening
In follow up comments to the presentation, Councillor Nick Adey inquired about the city's 2.5 million dollar share of the cost of the proposed pilot project, asking what the city's position would be if unsuccessful in finding other grants and supports and if it's a cost efficient use of city money
Mr Pucci noted that the city has a surplus in the sewer fund at the moment and how other levels of government are interested in helping fund the program. He observed how this organic based wetland solution offered a significant saving from the more traditional style for wastewater treatment and is a favourable option for the community, as well as being innovative, green and sustainable.
"As Council is aware, you know the numbers are quite staggering for sewer treatment for our community through classic treatment which is large concrete vessels strictly for containment ... this system looks at organically based wetland which we do have a lot of that in our community, through activated treatment. So we believe that this is a favourable option that could save a significant amount of money for the community and be innovative, green and sustainable" -- City Operations Manager Richard Pucci
For his part Mr. Adey offered his endorsement for the concept and offered his hopes for success of it.
"I'm very much in favour of this, I think it's a very forward thinking, very green, very progressive thing for us to be going after and I really hope it works out" -- Councillor Nick Adey
He was followed by a number of other Council members who also expressed enthusiasm for the proposed solution to the city's ongoing themes on waste.
Councillor Cunningham noting how the proposal was cutting edge, asked if any other community had adopted the solution the city was looking at.
In reply Mr. Pucci noted that a number of northern and remote Canadian communities use similar methods for their waste situation and that it is considered an accepted practice in those areas.
He added that the city is hoping to adapt the concept to coastal climates and conditions, he further noted how the ground conditions and naturally wet climate of the Prince Rupert area are favourable towards such an application.
Councillor Skelton Morven also hailed the forward thinking nature of the project, as well as the research of Mr. Pucci and noted some of the genesis for it came from a trip he and Dr. Robert Long took to an FCM convention when discussions began and how it will utilize the natural muskeg in Prince Rupert.
Councillor Mirau also noted how this grant application will be one which could save the community a potential of tens of millions of dollars and turns one of the city's largest liabilities into an asset.
Going further he compared the wastewater proposal to how the city addressed issues at Watson Island, the Councillor observed of the ambitious scope of the proposal and how Prince Rupert could be a model for other communities.
"It's a grant proposal that will save us in the factor of potentially tens of millions of dollars on a very innovative solution to a very complex problem. It's environmentally restorative, it turns one of our biggest liabilities into an asset, which I think you know based on our experience in Watson Island it is possible. Even though its ambitious and optimistic and you know, even sometimes when other people haven't done it before I think if we're going to be a model for others and take a little bit of a risk here, this is the way to do it in a way that's very considerate of our local eco system and solves what could be one of the most expensive mandated projects that we have to accomplish here, on a time frame from the Federal Government -- Councillor Blair Mirau
A copy of Mr. Pucci's report to Council was posted to the City's Agenda Page, which you can review below:
Judging by the comments provided on the night, the Council members seem to be in the know on some of the larger details to Mr. Pucci's plan, of which many were not shared as part of the Monday presentation, which still leaves the community residents somewhat lost out in the muskeg when it comes to the scope of the project that the City may have in mind.
Back during the the Hays 2.0 vision blueprint of the Spring of 2018, the need for a wastewater solution was flagged by Mayor Lee Brain as one of the key requirements for the city's infrastructure programs, with the estimated cost towards wastewater estimated at 175 million dollars at a minimum.
|A graphic from Mayor Lee Brain's Hays 2.0 presentation of |
April 2018 which put some focus on wastewater
So if we're talking in the range of tens of millions in dollars of savings from the notes from Council as outlined on Monday night, that would be something quite welcome from residents, and with such a positive note to deliver, perhaps Council should share their enthusiasm for Mr. Pucci's proposal with the public one more time.
Asking him to return to Council soon, that for an expanded speaking opportunity to explain how the green organic process differs from the more traditional process of wastewater treatment, how it will work in the Prince Rupert setting, as well as an indication as to where they plan for it to be located it in the community.
Some background on those communities that currently use such systems might also be of help to get clearer view of the Big Picture that the City seems to have in mind, and may allow residents to do their own research on the plan that seems to have much momentum for Council.
And finally of course, a thumbnail guide to the cost of it all from feasibility study, to current plans for this pilot project and on towards whatever may come next as we look for the the solution for the waste water issues.
You can review the full presentation from Monday from Mr. Pucci from the City's Video Archive starting at the 2 hour 25 minute mark.
More notes on Monday's Council session can be explored from our Council Timeline, while a wider overview of past Council discussion themes is available from our Council Discussion archive page.
When it comes to much of the city's infrastructure issues, our archive page here, provides a glimpse at some of the themes and past notes.
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text:
U.S. GAC, NGO React To Uganda’s Passage Of Bill Criminalizing HIV Transmission
A statement from U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator Ambassador Deborah Birx and the International Community of Women Living with HIV react to Uganda’s passage of a bill criminalizing HIV transmission.
PEPFAR: Statement from Ambassador Deborah Birx, M.D., U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, on the Passage of the HIV Prevention and Control Act by the Ugandan Parliament
“…I join with the many health practitioners, HIV/AIDS and human rights activists, multilateral institutions, and individuals everywhere — in Uganda and around the world — in calling for the people and the Government of Uganda to reject this regressive bill…” (5/14). The Kaiser Family Foundation’s “Policy Tracker” also provides a summary of the statement (5/14).
Center for Global Health Policy’s “Science Speaks”: Ugandan women living with HIV urge Museveni not to sign bill that forces testing, criminalizes transmission, and breaches confidentiality
The blog summarizes a press release from the International Community of Women Living with HIV urging the Ugandan president to reject the bill (Barton, 5/14).

domain: sociology


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Whilst football is undoubtedly a game full of tactical choices and challenges, SG Organisations has taken it a step further with the latest version of their retro-style skill game called Goalscorer. This latest open Beta ‘Training Edition’ of Goalscorer has taken the much-beloved sport and meshed it together with traditional board games like Chess and Checkers.
Football games are often the realm of those with faster reflexes, so it may put off anyone with limited dexterity, but that doesn’t matter with Goalscorer as players face off in games of up to 15 minutes in a turn-based manner so you don’t have to be the most rapid of movers.
You will have a team of eleven players and a sub, each with their own number, and either a youth, pro, or star designation. The youths are able to go to the end of the board to be promoted but can be captured by the opposing pro player counters, but that may not always be the best thing to do.
Depending on the number of the piece captured, you will either score a goal, be called offside and have a piece's number revealed, or concede a penalty and have a player sent off. In the case of capturing a star, you will score two goals and immediately end the game, which could either win or lose you the match.
Goalscorer is a rather tactical affair for one main reason; you can’t see the numbers of most of your opponent’s player counters. You will either need to tempt your opponent into getting penalties to weaken their team, offsides to scout their team, throw caution to the wind and take any player getting close to the endzone, or take the ultimate risk and just rush your star to the end for an early win.
Taking on other players is also a more rewarding experience here, as the top three players of each month will earn prizes for their nominated football team. The developers are encouraging contenders to pick amateur or school teams for obvious reasons, or if you aren’t a fan of any team, you can pick a charity instead.

domain: game


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- Trusts – There are many types of trusts that can help a person minimize their probate estate, lessening their estate tax liability. They are useful in allowing spouses to each maximize their allotted exemption amount so the bulk of their property goes to their children or other beneficiaries.
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VANCOUVER — The Vancouver Whitecaps have survived a succession of injuries to starting centre backs that would cripple many clubs, not to mention the loss of their designated player for seven games.
Their head coach seemed to be on thin ice for a time, especially after the failure to win the Amway Canadian Championship and some befuddling lineup decisions. And each of their last three wins during a 4-1-1 streak that has lifted them above .500 in Major League Soccer play (6-5-4) came after they had fallen behind.
As the Caps take to RFK Stadium on Saturday in Washington, D.C. (4 p.m., Sportsnet Pacific, Team 1410), looking for road win No. 2 on the season against the Eastern Conference cellar-dwellers D.C. United, there is a growing belief among the players that they are capable of rising to the top of the Western Conference in the second half of the campaign.
“We have to be confident,” said midfielder Nigel Reo-Coker, a veteran of the English Premier League. “You look at the position we’re in right now, halfway through the season and we’re six or nine points from the top and that’s a great motivation.”
With 22 points from 15 games, the Caps sit fifth in the West, eight back of Real Salt Lake and Portland, both of whom have played 17 matches.
“If we can continue to instil the belief in this team that ‘you know what, we could finish top of this league, it’s down to us,’ tighten up defensively ... we can have a great season.”
The Caps are 4-1-3 overall, including a pair of draws with Eastern Conference-leading Montreal in the Canadian championship, since the influential Reo-Coker called out the entire squad for being “soft” following a 2-0 loss on the road against Real Salt Lake.
“I think any team we’ve come up against (since then) cannot say that we’re easy pickings or a soft team. Only we can say that about ourselves,” he added with a little laugh, “as I’ve done before.
“We’re a good team. We’ve got real good players. We’ve shown how good a team we are by coming back from some difficult games and difficult situations. To come back in games in this league shows true character and great strength.”
The positives are significant. The offence is surging with 16 goals in the last six MLS games, keyed by red-hot Brazilian forward Camilo Sanvezzo, a rejuvenated and content Kenny Miller and the emergence of a dynamic setup man in Russell Teibert.
Centre back Brad Rusin and midfielder Gershon Koffie, each of whom has missed games this month with injuries, are healthy again and expected to be in the starting lineup. And the team’s best defender, physical and vocal centre back Andy O’Brien (hamstring), might be back for Wednesday’s game in Kansas City, and, if not then, likely for the next Saturday’s key home game against the rival Seattle Sounders.
Plus, the Caps’ occasionally shaky goaltending could be addressed when David Ousted, a recent signing out of Denmark, becomes eligible to play after July 9.
The downside, at least in the short term, is that Teibert will be lost to the Canadian national team for at least a couple of weeks after Saturday’s game and the Caps face the daunting challenge of three games in eight days while criss-crossing the continent twice. It’s also sweltering in Washington – 31 C and high humidity.
“It’s tough when you play on a Wednesday-Saturday and we’ve got that next week,” said Miller, who now seems certain to at least play out this season in Vancouver after widespread rumours that he could be headed back to Scotland.
“But it’s a big week for us. It’s an opportunity to really nail down a playoff spot and close the gap on the top teams. We’re looking to do it and hopefully we can continue this winning stretch of form we’re on.
“I don’t see any reason why we can’t go into D.C. and win and then go into Kansas City and get a few points there as well.”
Head coach Martin Rennie said it’s important the club starts to replicate the success it has enjoyed at home on the road.
“We’ve got a chance to win two out of our last three (on the road) if we can beat D.C. and I think that would be a step in the right direction.”
United is just 2-11-3 in MLS this season, but is on a 3-1-1 run in all competitions, including a 3-1 victory over the New England Revolution in a U.S. Open Cup quarter-final match on Wednesday.
“I don’t think anybody is underestimating them,” said Rennie. “Right now, they’re on a run of playing a few home games ... they’ve had a couple of good results. We’re confident we can do well, but we’re definitely not complacent about it.”


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Peggy C. Lo, M.S., L.Ac. is a California licensed acupuncturist and clinical herbalist with a Master of Science in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. She has a deep desire to help people overcome physical as well as emotional challenges to improve their health and well being.
Having battled chronic illness for 10 years, when medication and conventional medical treatments were unsuccessful, Peggy was at her wit’s end going back to her home town Hong Kong to enjoy the rest of her life. In a medical seminar, she met Chinese doctor Chow, Ping Kwong, RCMP who finally used herbal medicine to treat her problem. She also got a chance to follow Dr. Chow to the community clinic to serve the senior and cancer patient. All this experience not only let her see how Traditional Chinese Medicine restores people’s health and their hope, she also learned that diet and lifestyle have direct effect on human body’s health. Encouraging optimum health then became her passion. When she came back to US, she decided to study Traditional Chinese Medicine for her own sake and for the people around her. She utilizes a broad range of modalities to treat her patients including traditional acupuncture, herbs, Qigong Tuina, moxibustion, cupping, electro-stimulation to remove blockages and imbalances in the body’s energy flow. She also has a wide variety of techniques, both with and without needles such as Origin Point Therapy for Pain, Pressing moxibustion for muscle spasms and local pain; Aroma therapy for mood, cognitive, psychological or physical wellbeing; Abdominal acupuncture (Fuzhen) for chronic allergies. Peggy uses Trigger point quick needling technique and Qigong Tuina for frozen shoulder and rotator cuff pain; and Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture which patient usually will not feel any needles on their bodies. All these methods not only can treat pain and numbness in the body, but also treats a variety of internal, psychological, neurological and dermatological disorders. Peggy tends to use different fast and gentle techniques to relieve patients’ discomfort in a short period of time. She also encourages patient to use simple home remedies to take care of minor diseases. Other than treatment on different kind of pain, Facial Rejuvenation including Acupuncture facelifts and Facial Tuina is highly requested by her patients who have experienced the effective results. Her goal is to provide integrated, educated and comprehensive healthcare to her patients.
From common cold to cancer, Peggy is honored to get the opportunity to help people heal by promoting balance and a smooth flow of energy in the body. Under her care, patients are treated as a whole person, with unique needs and concerns.

domain: medical