In a preemptive strike against what it called a coordinated effort to intimidate voters, the Democratic Party's governing body alleged Wednesday that the Republican National Committee is violating a court order in a case that started 35 years ago.The RNC is supporting Trump's recruitment of so-called watchers at polling places, which is in breach of consent decrees going back to 1982 that forbid the group from engaging in ballot-security measures, according to a filing in federal court in Newark, New Jersey. The DNC said the watchers are really intended to deter registered voters from casting ballots.
I can appreciate why phrases like "breach of consent decrees" might make this story seem a little dry and complex, but stick with me because this one's going somewhere interesting. As Rachel said on the air last night, "This is a big deal."Some context is probably in order. In 1981, there was a very competitive gubernatorial race in New Jersey, which the Republican National Committee was eager to win. So eager, in fact, that the RNC launched a program called the "Ballot Security Task Force," which involved having Republican operatives and off-duty law enforcement personnel hanging around dozens of minority-voting precincts, looking for evidence of election irregularities, and intimidating local voters.The campaign was not subtle: Republicans put up warning signs, telling locals that their precincts were being monitored, and creating quasi-official arm bands for the party's monitors to wear while physically patrolling polling places in areas made up mostly of minority voters.In one sense, the heavy-handed scheme worked: the Republicans successfully intimidated people of color and narrowly won New Jersey's gubernatorial election that year. But the victory came at a price: the RNC's scare tactics were so outrageous, and the scheme targeted black voters so brazenly, that the Republican Party faced a court fight that they lost.The RNC felt compelled to accept a 35-year consent decree that included legal restrictions on the party's efforts to monitor polling locations. Republicans would love to get out from under these constraints, and party officials are looking forward to the decree's expiration next year.But that's where Donald Trump comes into the picture. By court order, the RNC can't dispatch officials to hang around polling places, intimidating minorities, but this year, the RNC's presidential candidate is doing exactly that -- pleading with Republican voters to serve as voting vigilantes on behalf of the Republican ticket, just like the party did in New Jersey in 1981.Not surprisingly, the DNC noticed, and Democratic lawyers headed to court yesterday to argue, in effect, "Hey, judge, remember that consent decree imposed on the RNC? Republicans are now violating it. Those restrictions that were supposed end next year? It's obvious they need to be extended until 2025."The RNC insists that it's honored the consent decree, but Trump's actions undermine the party's argument. As UC-Irvine professor Rick Hasen, an elections-law expert, has explained, the Republican National Committee is effectively having to go to court and argue that the party has nothing to do with its own candidate's campaign schemes.If judges reject the RNC's argument, an extension of the consent decree is likely. Watch this space.


plumbers to work trips abroad
Professional plumber is still a well-paid profession, because the failures occurring in the water and sewage networks are still very frequent. More often there are failures washing machines or dishwashers, which can prevent only a plumber. At the same time among plumbers, there is a lot of competition, so they are trying at all costs to attract and retain potential customers through various promotions. They can also carry out work tiling and painting if required finish the bathroom, which they do. However, many plumbers, dissatisfied with their wages go abroad in search of better-paid work and perform activities there, they do not want to do local plumbers.
Boiler - what is it?
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. (In North America the term "furnace" is normally used if the purpose is not actually to boil the fluid.) The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications,12 including water heating, central heating, boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation.
Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid.12
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in-line components, known as fittings, valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of Piping Design (or Piping Engineering). Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process.
"Piping" sometimes refers to Piping Design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called Drafting, Technical drawing, Engineering Drawing, and Design but is today commonly performed by Designers who have learned to use automated Computer Aided Drawing / Computer Aided Design (CAD) software.,


Council must make a decision on whether to allow retail cannabis stores to operate within the Municipality of North Grenville by January 22, 2019. Before the decision is made, Council is collecting feedback from the public via a survey that is available online here or available for pick-up and return…
Our Live, Explore and Play brochure provides residents with information regarding municipal recreation programs and other helpful municipal information; events and activities at the North Grenville Public Library; and information regarding local (not-for-profit) sports and special interest organizations.
At their November 28 regular meeting, Council dedicated the Waterfront Trail in memory of former Councillor Terry Butler. The Waterfront Trail is a 2-kilometre pathway along the north shore of the Kemptville Creek, connecting Old Town Kemptville to Clothier Street East that was completed in 2017.
Hydro One will be conducting forestry operations on the Kemptville Van Buren F1, F2, F3 distribution line, Kemptville Harriet F1, F2, F3 distribution line, and the Kemptville West F1, F2, F3 distribution line .
The official swearing-in of the newly elected Council for the Municipality of North Grenville will take place on Monday, December 3, 2018 at 6:00 p.m. in the Theatre at the North Grenville Municipal Centre.


text: Treat yourself to a lunch menu during the work week in a nice atmosphere and quickly. You can select from 2 types of fresh food (meat, vegetarian) including soups. The price of the lunch menu is €5.50. The menu is served from 10:00 am. until 2:00 pm.

domain: food


text:
or picture, this engaging personality, to me? Does it give me pleasure, and if so, what sort or degree of pleasure? How is my nature modified by its presence, and under its influence?' " 62 Now, while criticism of this kind may be stimulating and enlightening in the hands of a genius like Pater, it is unreveal-ing, cloying, and even exasperating in the work of an average writer like Clive Bell, as the following passage upon Raphael's "Bible" in the Vatican Loggia proves:
Let us just look at the ceiling for one moment to see whether we cannot feel the authentic touch in The Creation of Eve and The Fallfor my part I prefer them almost to Michelangelo's versions and whether we do not catch a breath of superior inspiration in the design of The Finding of Moses, David and Goliath and Bathsheba. If, perversely, you pretend rather to find a touch of David in The Judgment of Solomon I am in too good humour to protest. But I must tell you that, though I know it is wildly improbable that Raffael ever put his brush to a single one of the grotesques, I adore them all.63
In such critical theory and practice there is evidently no question of intrinsically objective standards. Upon what ground, then, do certain subjectivists claim final validity for their views? How is it that Kant and his followers considered the "judgment of taste" at once subjective and universally valid? Or that contemporary subjectivists, like Bell, talk about the "absolute value" of the "esthetic thrill"? All such opinions, which may differ considerably in appearance, are based upon the presuppositions that all superior minds are similarly constituted and that, therefore, they will or should present uniform and correct evaluations. At this point objectivism and subjectivism join hands: both theories hold that their appraisals are eternally true; both base their convictions
62. Quoted by E. E. Kellett, Fashion in Literature, p. 20.
63. Enjoying Pictures, p. 81.

domain: literature


text:
Henri Benedictus Salaman van Raalte
b. 11 February 1881
Also known as
Henri van Raalte,
Henry van Raalte
English trained printmaker who arrived in Western Australia in 1910. During the following two decades he was one of Australia's best known printmakers working mainly in Western Australia and South Australia. During the early 1920s he was also a leading arts administrator in Adelaide.

domain: history


text:
The jazz session at Future Inn has been a reliable highlight of the Bristol jazz scene for some time now, with interesting visitors from across the country bringing an ever widening range of styles to their listings. So, when they decide to do an extra one-off Sunday event you can be sure it’s worth checking out. US alto saxophonist Greg Abate (Sunday 9) has been a renowned exponent of the hard bop style since the 70s, combining rhythmic drive and technical skill with furious energy when he needs to, stretching out melodically when the occasion demands. He’ll be joined by a crack local house band for his Bristol debut.
There’ll be funkier action in the venue’s regular Thursday slot, however, with exuberant bass guitarist Rich O’Brien bringing his grooving Project band. Think Marcus Miller or Glastonbury faves Thundercats and you’re in the zone for that one. Equally spell-binding fretwork features on Wednesday (5) when Craig Sutton, aka Flamenco Thief, comes to Canteen. Craig uses loop station trickery to create complex rhythmmic music which takes the themes and structures of Flamenco into new forms.
Thursday is as busy as ever, of course, with ambient drum and trumpet duo Eyebrow appearing at The Cube in support of September Song, the alt-pop collaboration of Kid Sinister veterans John Douglass and Steve Hogg while trumpeter Andy Hague leads his excellent Double Standards quartet (Colston Hall Foyer) in a choice set of rarities. The Gallimaufry’s regular Thursday Backbeat session welcomes Tukaani Quartet, Mike Deniran’s jazz-funk exploration of composers like Joshua Redman and Marcus Miller. And even more frenzied jazz funk action can be anticipated the following night (Friday 7) when the Galactic Funk Militia take over Mr Wolf’s.
When Senegalese pianist Ibou Tall (Fringe, Wednesday 5) relocated to Bristol a few years ago he brought a distinctively Afro-European style with him and his Jazz Friends quintet builds on that, with players from France, Italy and the UK. Their set will combine some of Ibou’s compositions as well as his stylish arrangements of classics.
And, finally, there’s a couple of lively Balkan-inspired bands in town this week with guaranteed party starters Gogol Bordello at the O2 (Tuesday 4) and the slightly less chaotic Fromage en Feu at No 1 Harbourside (Saturday 8) both offering rip-roaring dance music from Central Europe.

domain: entertainment


Go Slow on Crimea
Why Ukraine Should Not Rush to Retake the Peninsula
This summer marks the 80th anniversary of the fall of France. The fall was as sudden as it was shocking: six weeks after German panzers, sweeping north of the Maginot Line, punched through the thick forest of the Ardennes in mid-May, the newly appointed leader of the French government, Marshal Philippe Pétain, addressed the nation: “It is with a heavy heart that I announce that hostilities must end.” Among those who heard the radio address was a French army captain who, though a decorated veteran of World War I, had again insisted on seeing combat. In a matter of weeks, he dashed off “a statement of evidence” of the events in which he had just participated.
Penned in what the author, Marc Bloch, confessed was “a white heat of rage,” the resulting book, L’Étrange défaite, or Strange Defeat, remains among the most incisive analyses of France’s collapse. An iconoclastic historian of medieval France, Bloch developed an influential, though elusive, notion of what he called mentalités: the intellectual and emotional structures that, no less certainly than material factors, shaped how past generations conceived their world. Not surprisingly, Bloch believed that any worthwhile explanation of how France came to suffer “a defeat no one would have thought possible” required a foray into the mentalities of its political and military elites.
Eighty years later, Bloch’s investigation casts useful light for those historians who, gripped by the white heat of their own moment, may seek to understand the once unthinkable defeat of the United States in its “war” against the new coronavirus.
The drôle de guerre, or phony war, unfolded for eight months beginning in September 1939. During this time, France conscripted and mobilized millions of men. Shuttled to defensive positions across the country, the conscripts often lacked the military equivalent of personal protective equipment, or PPE. They suffered shortages of boots and blankets during the especially cold winter and an alarming scarcity of masks—in this case, gas masks. Among the officers who did have masks, some refused to wear them. Smoking cigarettes as they reviewed their troops carried more panache.
Compounding these shortages was a shortage of convincing leadership. The government, under Prime Minister Édouard Daladier, issued empty exhortations in place of clear and cogent reasons for the sacrifices they were asking of soldiers and civilians. Determined to avoid the consequences of having declared war, the government sought to render the impression that it merely sought peace by other means. Jean Giraudoux’s play The Trojan War Will Not Take Place thus depicts Hector turning to diplomacy in order to prevent the fall of Troy. Tellingly, Giraudoux was not just the nation’s most celebrated playwright but also the government’s minister of information.
By early 1940, soldiers belonging to certain professional categories were demobilized. Then as now, the government sought to brush a veneer of normalcy over everyday life. It was not difficult. With Paris’s cafés teeming with customers, theaters humming with audiences, and stadiums thrumming with fans, the city gave new life to the old saw that plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose. Not surprisingly, the hit song of the drôle de guerre was Maurice Chevalier’s “Paris Will Always Be Paris.”
“A democracy becomes hopelessly weak, and the general good suffers accordingly, if its higher officials, bred to despise it . . . serve it only halfheartedly.”
Looking back at this period, Bloch lays the blame squarely on the government. In failing to supply the French “with that minimum of clear and definite information without which no rational conduct is possible,” the country’s elected leaders were guilty of a dereliction of duty that constituted “the most heinous crime of our self-styled democrats.” On the subject of French democracy, Bloch was equally severe. He notes that the effectiveness of any form of government, whether monarchic or democratic, suffers when there is a disconnect between the stated values of the system and the actual values of those who run it. “A democracy becomes hopelessly weak, and the general good suffers accordingly, if its higher officials, bred to despise it . . . serve it only halfheartedly.”
On this score, the social democratic Bloch agreed with the politician Henri de Kérillis, his archconservative contemporary, who lambasted the government for its failure to rally the French. “The moral mobilization of France is the most important condition of victory,” Kérillis declared. “We will be victorious only if we are willing to make the necessary sacrifices.” Bloch was just as harsh in his judgment of the military leadership. Not content merely to denounce their “utter incompetence,” he mercilessly dissected the reasons for it. “Thoughts of the last war clung to them because they were the thoughts of their youth. Those long dead days had all the brilliance of things seen.”
In effect, their collective mentalité, shaped by the last war, was incapable of prosecuting the next war. They could no more see that German tanks would blast through the Ardennes and shatter French forces than their predecessors could have seen that the war of movement in 1914 would soon calcify into a war of trenches that lasted four seemingly endless years. Faced with this new threat, the French high command “believed in doing nothing and in behaving as we always had behaved.”
Future historians who will narrate how American leaders failed to see our medical and political crises can take a page from Bloch’s last and unfinished book. By the time he joined the French Resistance in early 1943, Bloch had begun Apologie pour l’histoire ou métier d’historien, a brilliant reflection on the craft of history writing. He did so in order to answer the question one of his children asked him: “Tell me, Daddy, what is the use of history?” Bloch did not live long enough to complete the book: in the spring of 1944, he was captured by the French militia and handed over to the German SS, who then tortured and executed him.
But his incomplete manuscript, which holds that one misunderstands the present when ignorant of the past, did offer his child and readers an answer—one that applies equally to the strange defeat of a major American political party when Donald Trump surged through its ranks as a presidential candidate as to that of the world’s most powerful democracy when the novel coronavirus swept through its populace.
Material and mental structures, Bloch observes, abide well past the circumstances that gave them life. American historians will explore the defeat of establishment Republicans who, hunkered behind a Maginot Line of traditional expectations, failed to see that a Trump administration would punch through the country’s founding principles as well as those of their own party. Unable to see beyond mental givens and previous patterns of material reward, the U.S. government confronted the coronavirus epidemic rather the way that France faced an advancing Germany: it declared war without planning for any particular contingencies, and it failed to level with the public about the threat it faced, let alone to persuade it to make sacrifices.
But Bloch also adds a new wrinkle to this old chestnut. Just as studying the past helps one better know the present, attending to the present illuminates the past. We will, he warns, “wear ourselves out just as fruitlessly in seeking to understand the past if we are totally ignorant of the present.” Though he had read and written about past military battles, Bloch observes, he never knew what defeat truly meant “before I myself had suffered its terrible and sickening reality.”
Today’s Americans may understand better than their earlier peers the experience of those whose democracies have gone corrupt or given way to authoritarian impulse. Perhaps they will feel a pang of humility on their next encounter with a nation that struggles against or succumbs to the same ideological virus. And looking back upon the French past and out on the American future, perhaps they will draw some understanding from Marc Bloch, who wrote that “there can be no salvation where there is not some sacrifice, and no national liberty in the fullest sense unless we have ourselves worked to bring it about.”
Countries Fail the Same Way Businesses Do, Gradually and Then Suddenly


text:
Federico Marcon, Fall 2002
scholars usually employ two different terms (and therefore two
categories) to refer to Japanese philosophical debate. The first
is shisô 思想. Sometimes translated as "thought", "way of
thinking", or more recently
"intellectual history", it point to the intellectual debate before
The second, tetsugaku 哲学, is generally used to translate
"philosophy" and refer to the philosophical debate in the West as well
in Japan according to the European tradition. The term kitetsugaku
希哲学, then simplified in tetsugaku, was "invented" in 1862 by
rationalist Nishi Amane 西周 (1829-97) in order to distinguish Western
from Buddhist and Chinese thought. As Gino Piovesana put it, "Kitetsugaku
was a new word, the result, maybe, of discussion between Nishi and his
and colleague at the Center [Center for the Investigation of Barbarian
Bansho Shirabesho 蕃書調所], Tsuda Mamichi [津田真道] (1821-1903), who
an early interest in philosophy. The new term became known in
Nishi printed it in his work Hyakuichi shinron [百一新論] (A New
on the Hundred and One Doctrine)". (from Gino K. Piovesana, Recent
Philosophical Thought, 1862-1996: A Survey. Tokyo: Japan Library,
p. 1). While today
shisô and tetsugaku are quite precisely distinguished in
in Japanese scholarly writings, the categorization is not shed of
problems. I will list them before dealing with the
in both fields.
to the traditional intellectual debates before the
of the concepts of Western philosophy, how shall we deal with original
thinkers like Nishida Kitarô 西田幾多郎 (1870-1945) or Watsuji Tetsurô 和辻哲郎
(1889-1960) who actually mixed both traditions?
2. What about the rangaku
蘭学 intellectuals that came into contact with, and discussed texts of
Western philosophy before 1862?
3. While tetsugaku
is evidently accepted as the Japanese equivalent of "philosophy", the
maintains a high degree of ambiguity and vagueness. It is
with fairly general terms like "thought", "way of thinking" or
debate". I suspect that two main forces lie behind this tendency:
the Eurocentric (and now quite anachronistic) belief that since Japan
developed a theoretical debate comparable to European intellectual
it is therefore inappropriate to "elevate" it to the status of
and second, the inability of both Japanese and Western scholars to
an organized and systematic study of Japanese philosophy up to the
Shisô is often
utilized by Japanese scholars both as a generic term for the
debate and as an analytical approach. With this I mean that among
scholars is quite common, for example, to add a "philosophical
of, say, Shinran to the more traditionally exegetical or doctrinal
on the founder of the Shin school of Amidism. Consequently, we
that for many premodern intellectuals with Buddhist affiliations there
are a parallel set of scholarly inquiries, one from the perspective of
"religious studies" and the other from a "philosophical approach" (
It is on the basis of
these theoretical problems that I decided not to distinguish pre- and
post- Meiji intellectual debates of Japanese thinkers and
intellectuals. I will treat them together, and I will translate
shisô and tetsugaku
as "philosophy". I believe in fact that it would not make much
to ignore the "philosophical" character of Dôgen's or Suzuki Shôsan's
works just as it would be reductive to study Decartes or Pascal only
in a class of religious studies.
choice of a source is first determined by the degree of "thoroughness"
of the inquiry. If what we need is just a general knowledge of
developed by a school, movement or single thinker, it will suffice to
look at very general but reliable sources. My suggestion,
is to start with the following two sources, which both provide not only
a general survey of the intellectual production of a school or thinker,
but also contextualize it in a broader historical framework.
Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha Intl., 1983.
Call no.: REF
DS805 .K633 1983
Still the single
most important and useful reference work on Japan in the English
All articles of substance are signed and offer bibliographical
references, although these are now increasingly out of date. The
entries pertaining the category of Japanese philosophy are certainly
short and essential,
but they provide a first general "taste" in English of the necessary
2. Kokushi daijiten
国史大辞典. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kôbunkan 吉川弘文館, 1979-97.
Call no.: REF DS 833
This huge work,
in 15 volumes (vol. 15 being an index in three volumes [ jô-chû-ge] ),
took eighteen years to produce, and was finally completed in
is now the standard multi-volume historical dictionary of Japan.
entries, by senior experts, give good bibliographical references.
that it represents the basic resource for a preliminary research.
certainly general, but also extremely precise and thorough in giving
student the first complete treatment of any philosophical subject.
characteristic that still makes the Kokushi daijiten preferable
to most philosophical dictionaries is that it provides also precise
on the sociological and historical aspects of the school or movement
is interested on.
1. Iwanami tetsugaku
shisô jiten 岩波哲学・思想事典. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten 岩波書店, 1998. \
Call no.: REF B48.J3 I83
With its 1929
pages and more than 4100 entries, it is the most autoritative, complete
and up-to-date philosophical dictionary published in Japan. It
the old Heibonsha's Tetsugaku jiten, still valuable and
but no longer competitive concerning the most recent developments in
philosophical debate and in theoretical approaches. It has four
an index of important concepts (jûyôgo sakuin 重要語索引), a
index arranged by kanji (kanji jinmei sakuin 漢字人名索引), a
biographical index arranged by katakana (katakana jinmei
sakuin 片仮名人名索引), and a general alphabetical index of concepts and
(ôbun sakuin 欧文索引). As the title suggests, it covers both
(by Western and Japanese thinkers) and Eastern philosophies.
2. Koyasu Nobukuni 子安宣邦,
ed. Nihon shisôshi
jiten 日本思想史辞典. Tokyo: Perikansha ぺりかん社, 2001. \ 6,800.
Call no.: REF DS821 .N554 2001
With 648 pages
and about 1400 entries signed by more than 200 experts, it is the first
and most thorough "Dictionary of Japanese Intellectual History", as the
title in English reveals. Its entries, each one completed by a
bibliographical note, range from Kojiki to modern philosophers
up till the first years after WW2. The main difference with
shisô jiten is that it is entirely devoted to the
debate in Japan, and it ignore all the Western philosophers. It
this reason that I recommed it as the desktop dictionary on Japanese
since the Iwanami dedicates most of its entries to Western
tradition. The editor Koyasu Nobukuni, one of the leading scholar
Edo intellectual history, makes the dictionary extremely helpful for
students of the history of Edo philosophy.
3. Shisô no Kagaku
Kenkyûkai 思想の科学研究会, ed. Shinpan tetsugaku,
jiten 新版哲学・論理用語辞典. Tokyo: San'ichi
三一書房, 1995. \ 3,000
Call no.: B48.A7 S54
of philosophical concepts of Western tradition. The entries are
but clear, not signed and without bibliographical notes.
4. Tetsugaku jiten
哲学事典. Tokyo: Heibonsha 平凡社, 1971. \ 9,223.
Call no.: REF B48.J3
now by Iwanami
jiten, it has been the most authoritative philosophical
5. Oliver Leaman, ed. Encyclopedia of Asian philosophy
. New York : Routledge , 2001. $ 165.00
Call no.: REF B121
first dictionary in English devoted only to Asian philosophy, it has
more 650 entries signed and with bibliographical notes on concepts,
movements and thinkers of the Asian continent. Preponderant the
entries. Mark Teeuwen signed the entries on Japanese
Good but inevitably superficial, due to the space limits.
6. Brian Carr, Indira
Mahalingam, eds. Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy.
New York: Routledge, 1997. $ 269.00
Call no.: (Butler
Reserves) R190 C73
CLIO summary: The Companion Encyclopedia of
Philosophy is a unique one-volume reference work which makes richly
philosophical, ethical and theological traditions accessible to a wide
audience. Each of the six sections covers a specific tradition within
Asian philosophy - Persian, Indian, Buddhist, Chinese, Japanese and
Islamic. The reader can compare and contrast thought systems and
ways in which the cultures discussed have shaped and been shaped by
It is possible, for example, to relate the ways in which Buddhist
has developed in India, China, South-east Asia and Japan.
1. Nihon shisô taikei
. 63 vols. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
Call no.: 121.08 N574
huge anthological collection of primary sources. It is the first
to look at when searching for a philosophical text. Sometimes the
are quite outdated, but it still represents the authoritative source.
Manuals represents the best
resource for a research on the history of Japanese philosophy a step
thorougher than dictionaries provides.
I will list the most useful
(in my opinion, of course) titles, dividing it in two groups, pre-Meiji
Manuals on Japanese
Iwasaki Chikatsugu 岩崎允胤. Nihon
shisôshi josetsu 日本思想史序説. Tokyo: Shin Nihon Shuppansha
新日本出版社, 1991. \ 4854
Call no.: B5241 .I96
The historian of
philosophy Iwasaki Chikatsugu introduces in this manual
the main philosophical concepts, schools and thinkers up to the end of
the Muromachi period. He provides not only historical backgrounds
contexts for each subjects, but he tries also to interprete them
the recent trends of Western historiography of philosophy. At the
of each chapter, a huge apparatus of note provides also the reader with
bibliographical notes on further readings.
Iwasaki Chikatsugu 岩崎允胤. Nihon
josetsu 日本近世思想史序説. 2 vols. (上・下). Tokyo: Shin Nihon
新日本出版社, 1997. \ 11,000 (both volumes)
Call no.: B5241 .I962 1997
The sequel of
Nihon shisôshi josetsu, it covers the
intellectual history of Japan from mid-sixteenth century to the end of
the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). It is an extremely useful
of the subject, with many comparisons with Western philosophical
The choice of a manual
depends in many case on personal preferences. I will give a list
I find very useful in introducing the Japanese philosophical debate
3. Sagara Tôru 相良亨. Nihon
shisôshi nyûmon 日本思想史入門.
Tokyo : Perikansha ぺりかん社, 1984. \ 2,200
Call no.: B5241 .N53 1984
It covers a wide
span from the Kojiki to Nishida Kitarô. It consists
in an anthology of texts richly annotated and commented by the author.
Noboru 碓田のぼる, et. al. Nihon no shisô 日本の思想. 2 vols. Tokyo:
Shin Nihon Shuppansha 新日本出版社, 1980.
Call no.: B5241 .N495
It covers a span
of time from the Man'yôshû 万葉集 to Buddhist persecution
in Meiji Japan. It consists in a collection of articles by different
It is not complete in the subjects treated.
Among the manuals on Edo intellectual history, I
5. Koyasu Nobukuni 子安宣邦. Edo shisôshi kôgi 江戸思想史講義. Tokyo:
Iwanami Shoten 岩波書店, 1998. \ 3,000
B5241 .K69 1998
Yasuki 衣笠安喜, ed.
Kinsei shisôshi kenkyû no genzai 近世思想史研究の現在. Kyoto: Shibunkaku
思文閣出版, 1995. \ 11,800
Call no.: DS822.2
Probably one of
the best "state-of-the-art" text on the researches on
the history of Edo philosophical debate.
7. Najita Tetsuo. Japan:
The Intellectual Foundations of Modern Japanese Politics. Chicago,
London: The University of Chicago Press, 1974.
Call no.: DS881.9
8. Najita Tetsuo. Vision
of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan: The Kaitokudô Merchant Academy of Osaka
. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1987.
Call no.: DS822.2
9. Najita Tetsuo, ed.
Tokugawa Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
Call no.: B5244.O354 T6 1998g
10. Najita Tetsuo,
Irwin Scheiner, eds.
Japanese Thought in the Tokugawa Period, 1600-1868: Methods and
Metaphors. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press, 1978.
Call no.: DS822.2
Herman Ooms. Tokugawa
Ideology: Early Constructs, 1570-1680. Princeton: Princeton
Call no.: JA84.J3 O55 1985
Peter Nosco, ed. Confucianism
and Tokugawa Culture. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1984.
Call no.: B5243.N45 C66 1984
13. Peter Nosco. Remembering
Paradise: Nativism and Nostagia in Eighteenth-century Japan. Cambridge,
Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University : Distributed
by Harvard University Press, 1990.
Call no.: B5243.K6 N67 1990
Harry D. Harootunian.
Things Seen and Unseen: Discourse and Ideology in Tokugawa Nativism
. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press, 1988.
Call no.: DS822.2 .H313 1988
Manuals on Japanese post-Meiji
1. Gino K. Piovesana. R
ecent Japanese philosophical thought, 1862-1996: a survey.
a new survey by Naoshi Yamawaki, The philosophical Thought of Japan
from 1963 to 1996. Richmond, Surrey: Japan Library, 1997.
Call no.: B5241 .P5
It is still the
most useful, comprehensive and authoritative introduction
to modern Japanese philosophy. It is divided in schools in
order. The notes provide bibliographical information that are howere
outdated. The new edition of 1997 is enlarge with a new chapter,
is still no global bibliography.
2. David A. Dilworth, Valdo
Humbert Viglielmo, Agustin Jacinto Zavala, eds. Sourcebook for
Modern Japanese Philosophy: Selected Documents. Westport, Conn.:
Greenwood Press, 1998.
Call no.: B5241 .S68
philosophycal texts of Nishida Kitarô, Tanabe Hajime, Kuki
Shûzô, Watsuji Tetsurô, Miki Kiyoshi, Tosaka Jun and Nishitani Keiji,
introduced and annotated by the editors.
3. Hashikawa Bunsô 橋川文三,
Kano Masanao 鹿野政直, Hiraoka Toshio 平岡敏夫, eds. Kindai Nihon shisôshi
no kiso chishiki: Ishin zenya kara haisen made
近代日本思想史の基礎知識−維新前夜から敗戦まで. Tokyo: Yûhikaku 有斐閣, 1971.
Call no.: DS881.9
Old and quite
outdated, but still one of the clearest manuals on modern
Japanese philosophy. It does not cover only the contents of
inquiries of Japanese thinkers and schools, but also their social life
and historical background. It offers also a coverage of the
essays of the major novelists.
A number of journal in
Japanese are devoted to philosophical studies. Most of them concentrate
on Western philosophy, or contemporary Japanese debates over
philosophical problems. However, articles on the history of
Japanese philosophical debates
1. Philosophy East
& West. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.
Call no.: B1 .P573
Described as "A
quarterly of Asian and comparative thought", this original
journal started in April 1951 offers articles in which Western and
philosophical interrogations are compared. Not always brilliant
quite hazarduous, still it stimulate ideas and creative thinking.
is worth to give a look at it periodically. Since 1997 it is
to read it on-line through CLIO.
2. Shisô 思想. Tokyo:
Iwanami Shoten 岩波書店.
Call. no.: B8.J3 S5
(no. 691 - present)
Call no.: 105 Sh6
(no. 7 - 690)
printed since 1921. One of the most famous journal of
philsophy in Japan. It covers virtually every aspect of philosophical
investigations, from theoretical problems of Western philosophy to the
history of Japanese intellectual history, and it publishes articles by
the most famous scholars.
3. Risô 理想. Tokyo:
Call no.: B8.J3 R49
(no. 584 - present)
Call no.: 105 R49
(no. 6-8, 10, 12-13, 17-147, 153-191, 193-218, 220-238, 240-243,
245-250, 252-259, 266-302, 304-313, 319-451, 453-583)
It began in
April 1927 as an answer to Shisô, it concentrates mostly
on philosophical problems and rarely on historical analysis.
4. Gendai shisô
現代思想. Revue de la pensee d'aujourd'hui. Tokyo: Seisosha 青土社.
Call no.: B804 .G451
It started in
January 1973. It gave great emphasis on French Existenialism
and its followers in Japan. It covers contemporary philosophical
5. Tetsugaku kenkyû
哲学研究. Kyoto: Kyoto Tetsugakukai 京都哲学界, Kyoto Daigaku Bungakubu 京都大学文学部.
Call no.: B8.J3 T29
(no. 537 - present)
Call no.: 105 T292
(no. 1-93, 95-254, 256-267, 269, 271, 274-366, 368-429, 431-434, 442,
449-511, 513-517, 519-522, 524-536)
journal of the Kyoto School of philosophy, published since
April 1916. It is probably the most important and influential academic
publication on philosophy in Japan. Some summaries are in English, and
French, or German.
6. Edo no shisô
江戸の思想. Tokyo: Perikansha ぺりかん社.
Call no.: DS822.2
.E26 (no. 1-10)
Founded in 1995
by Koyasu Nobukuni, this little journal collects the most
recent develpments on the intellectual history of Edo Japan. It
of the most precious resource on the history of philosophical debate of
the early modern period.

domain: library


|Publication number||US6317678 B1|
|Application number||US 09/578,855|
|Publication date||Nov 13, 2001|
|Filing date||May 26, 2000|
|Priority date||May 31, 1999|
|Also published as||DE19924941A1, EP1057680A1|
|Publication number||09578855, 578855, US 6317678 B1, US 6317678B1, US-B1-6317678, US6317678 B1, US6317678B1|
|Original Assignee||Daimlerchrysler Ag|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (25), Referenced by (15), Classifications (24), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application claims the priority of German patent document 199 24 941.5, filed May 31, 1999, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
The invention relates to a method and a control system for setting a presettable vehicle desired speed, in which a cruise control system generates signals for controlling the engine or the transmission, based on vehicle state and operating variables.
Motor vehicle cruise control systems are known which automatically maintain a desired speed that is preset by the driver and is calculated via an automatic determination system. Such cruise control systems include both Tempomat functions, for which the vehicle is intended to maintain a minimum speed selected by the driver, and limiter functions, for which the vehicle must not exceed a maximum speed which is preset by the driver or is determined automatically in proximity control systems. In order to implement the limiter function, control signals are produced in the cruise control system, based on the maximum speed and the actual vehicle state variables, in particular the actual vehicle speed. By means of these signals the engine, the transmission or the wheel brakes are adjusted in order to maintain the desired speed.
In German patent document DE 44 07 082 A1 a transmission control signal interrupts signal interrupts the regular transmission shift logic in order to brake the vehicle from the present speed to a desired maximum speed, determined, for example, based on the distance from a vehicle travelling in front. For this purpose, a gear change to a lower gear is implemented, thus achieving a lower gear ratio with a greater level of deceleration. The gear limit is cancelled again once the desired maximum speed is reached, and the regular transmission shift logic is restored.
When the actual vehicle speed approaches the desired speed, the desired speed may be briefly overshot or undershot during the transient process. This effect, which is known as “hunting”, occurs with all standard, linear standard regulators with a proportional, integral and/or differential element. The amplitude of the overshoot in this case increases with the speed gradient in the region where the desired speed is exceeded; that is, the more quickly the actual vehicle speed approaches the desired speed.
Drivers often find overshooting to be unpleasant, and irritating. Furthermore, there is a risk that gear changes will be caused in the automatic transmission in order to compensate for the overshoot, with the gear immediately changing back again when the reverse oscillation occurs. Such immediately successive gear changes are likewise regarded as disturbing.
German patent document DE 37 01 331 A1 discloses a method and a control system for setting a vehicle desired speed, in which a speed substitute value that differs from the desired speed is preset in order to avoid unnecessarily high accelerations during regulation of the vehicle speed. The substitute speed is calculated in accordance with a predetermined function, which includes the actual vehicle speed. The substitute speed is continuously updated in each iteration of the method, so that it also ever more closely matches the desired speed as the method progresses, based on the fact that the actual vehicle speed approaches the desired speed. Thus, the substitute speed is continuously matched to the desired speed, and the offset between the desired speed and the substitute speed is continuously reduced. During this process of continuous matching of the vehicle speed to the desired speed, a new parameter substitute for ignition, injection, air supply and the transmission must be determined and provided for each newly determined value of the substitute speed, which results in a permanent change to the corresponding control elements. Owing to the different reaction times, the matching of these control elements must be synchronized to the reaction time of the slowest reacting control element. (Otherwise, it might be impossible to set a stoichiometric fuel/air mixture.) This synchronization results in a delay to the setting of the desired speed. A further disadvantage of this system is the high calculation and control complexity.
German patent document DE 42 42 169 A1 deals with the problem of reactivating a cruise control system once it has been switched off. After reactivation, the nominal speed is changed in progressive steps from the previous nominal value to the actual nominal value. As the step-by-step change is made from the original nominal speed to the currently applicable nominal speed, the same problems occur as those with the control system according to DE 37 01 331 A1. That is, the permanent matching of ignition, injection, air supply and transmission while at the same time ensuring an optimum fuel/air mixture.
In a cruise control system according to German patent document DE 196 04 220 A1, a substitute speed is first preset in order to match the vehicle speed to the desired speed. This substitute speed is a comparatively complex, non-linear function, which arises from the fact that the speed change in this document is intended to follow a predetermined optimization criterion. The non-linear function for the substitute speed likewise means permanent matching of engine variables and transmission variables, however; furthermore, this function does not prevent overshoot beyond the final desired speed, since the substitute speed goes beyond the desired speed, and the actual vehicle speed follows the substitute speed.
A control system which is comparable to that of German patent document DE 196 04 220 A1 and having a highly non-linear profile for the nominal speed is also disclosed in German patent document DE 35 10 174 C2.
One object of the invention is to improve driving safety and convenience in vehicles with a speed control unit.
Another object of the invention is to avoid overshoots when approaching the desired speed.
These and other objects and advantages are achieved by the method and system according to the invention, in which control is based on a substitute speed rather than the desired speed, with the substitute speed being formed by applying an offset to the desired speed. The offset is selected such that the substitute speed is above the desired speed if the actual vehicle speed at the time when the cruise control is activated is also above the desired speed. In this manner, the substitute speed is reached first, when approaching the desired speed. In a corresponding manner, if the actual vehicle speed is below the desired speed, the substitute speed is also set to a value which is below the desired speed.
This process offers the advantage that the transient variations takes place about the value of the substitute speed. The offset between the desired speed and the substitute speed may be selected in such a way that overshooting amplitudes fall within the interval between the substitute speed and the desired speed; thus, the desired speed is not exceeded. In this manner, the transient process, which normally takes place about the value of the desired speed, is shifted to the substitute speed.
The invention may be used not only starting from higher vehicle speeds but also starting from lower vehicle speeds than the desired speed, so that the desired speed can be approached both from above and below. The invention may be used both for Tempomat functions and for limiter functions.
The offset which is used to define the substitute speed is expediently taken from a family of characteristics, as a function of the actual speed changes of the vehicle and, advantageously also as a function of the actual transmission gear. The actual vehicle speed at the time when the substitute speed is applied may also be taken into account, as a further limit. If appropriate, the offset is limited to a maximum value.
Various conditions may be taken into account for applying and discontinuing the substitute speed on which the cruise control is based. For application, the speed change of the vehicle—acceleration or deceleration—and, advantageously, the vehicle speed as well, are expediently compared with reference values. In particular, a check is carried out to determine whether the actual vehicle speed is initially outside a speed threshold value, in order to allow activation of the control function taking account of the substitute value only in the situation when the vehicle speed is sufficiently far away from the desired speed. A check is then carried out to determine whether the vehicle speed is within the interval between the threshold value and the desired speed, and whether the speed change exceeds a corresponding threshold value. Application preferably takes place when all the conditions are satisfied.
On discontinuation, the speed offset is set to zero, so that the substitute speed and the desired speed coincide. As a condition for disconnection, it is possible to take account of whether the regulator output of the control system is changing sign, as is the case when the regulator output value passes through zero. Furthermore, it is also desirable to check whether the vehicle acceleration reverses to a deceleration or whether the deceleration reverses to an acceleration, which likewise occurs when the speed change passes through zero.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates the transient process of the vehicle speed approaching a desired speed when a substitute speed is preset;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for determining the speed offset on which the cruise control is based; and
FIG. 3 is a flowchart which illustrates the conditions for application and discontinuation of the speed offset.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the actual vehicle speed vact as it approaches a desired vehicle speed vdes preset by the driver (or by a vehicle system), as a nominal value for the cruise control system. The vehicle speed vact initially approaches the desired speed vdes asymptotically, and a transient process then starts, in which there is a risk that the vehicle speed vact will depart from the desired speed vdes once again, in undershoot phases. In order to avoid overshooting the preset desired speed vdes, a substitute speed vsub is supplied as a nominal value to the control system, and is initially used for control purposes. The difference between the desired speed vdes and substitute speed vsub is referred to as the offset voff. The substitute speed vsub will be above or below the desired speed vdes, depending on whether the vehicle speed vact approaches the desired speed vdes from above or below. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle speed vact decreases to the desired speed vdes starting from a higher value, and the substitute speed vsub is therefore shifted upwards by the offset voff in comparison with the desired speed vdes.
The use of the substitute speed vsub on which the cruise control is based causes any transient process to take place about the substitute speed vsub when the vehicle speed vact approaches the desired speed vdes. But, owing to the offset voff, the desired speed itself is not exceeded, even in overshoot phases. After a short transient period, the speed offset voff is reduced to zero at the time t1, so that the substitute speed vsub coincides with the desired speed vdes. The vehicle speed vact then approaches the desired speed vdes asymptotically. Owing to the comparative small speed difference between the substitute speed vsub and the desired speed vdes, it possible to prevent overshoots beyond the desired speed vdes once the offset has been reduced to zero.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram which shows how the speed offset voff is determined. A provisional offset voff** is determined in the control system using a stored family of characteristics 21, as a function of the actual speed change aact and the actual gear gearact selected in the transmission. The provisional offset voff** is then limited in block 22 to a maximum permissible value, based on the actual gradient of the vehicle speed. Thereafter, the provisional offset voff* resulting from this gradient limit is limited into a value which corresponds to the difference between the vehicle speed vact and the desired speed vdes (block 23). The final offset voff is then added to the desired speed vdes in an adder 24, and is supplied to the controller 25, together with the actual vehicle speed vact.
The flowchart shown in FIG. 3 shows a process which is implemented in a cruise control system of a motor vehicle in order to comply with a preset maximum speed vmax (a “do-not-exceed” upper limit) within a speed limiter system. The maximum speed vmax in the exemplary embodiment represents the desired speed with which the control system is intended to comply, and is either preset directly by the driver or is determined by a vehicle system automatically taking account of external conditions and influences such as speed restrictions, visibility conditions, traffic density etc. The control system can influence the drive torque which can be transmitted to the road not only via the engine torque from the internal combustion engine but also via the vehicle automatic transmission, in order to maintain the desired speed.
Instead of a speed limiter function, a Tempomat function may also be preset, with a desired speed which is to be maintained via the control system.
According to the flowchart in FIG. 3, the control system is activated in step 1 by presetting a maximum speed vmax. Checks are carried out in steps 2, 3 and 5 to determine whether all conditions are satisfied for determining a speed offset voff to be used to calculate a substitute speed vsub, which is treated as a nominal value for the cruise control.
First, a check is carried out in method step 2 to determine whether the vehicle speed vact is above the maximum speed vmax (plus a speed threshold value vAD which defines a speed interval with regard to the maximum speed vmax). As soon as the vehicle speed vact exceeds the sum of the maximum speed vmax and the threshold value vAD, the function is switched to standby, and the system follows the yes-branch to the next method step 3. (Otherwise it returns to the no branch, to carry out another check.)
In step 3 it is determined whether the vehicle speed vact has once again fallen below the limit formed by addition of the maximum speed vmax and the threshold value vAD. If not, in the no branch voff is set to zero in method step 4, and this condition is checked once again in step 3. If the condition is satisfied in step 3, the process continues via the yes branch to method step 5, and it is determined whether the speed change aact is below a corresponding threshold value aAD. If not, the speed offset voff is set to zero once again in accordance with the no branch in method step 6, and the process returns to step 5 for another check. Otherwise all the conditions for determining the speed offset voff and the substitute speed vsub are satisfied, and the process continues to method step 7.
The speed change aact in the exemplary embodiment is identical to the vehicle deceleration, since the vehicle speed is approaching the maximum permissible speed vmax from above.
In method step 7, the speed offset voff first determined in accordance with the process shown in FIG. 2, and the substitute speed vsub is the calculated by addition of the maximum speed vmax and the offset voff.
The following method steps 8 and 9 represent disconnection conditions, which must be satisfied in order that the speed offset voff is set to zero and the process returns to regular cruise control on the basis of the maximum speed vmax.
In step 8, a check is first made to determine whether the regulator output SW is greater than zero or is passing through zero. As long as the vehicle speed is above the nominal value to be achieved (that is, is above the substitute speed vsub), the vehicle speed is greater than the nominal value, and the regulator output SW assumes a value less than zero. In this situation, the process returns to method step 3, and the vehicle speed vact and speed change aact are subjected to another check for the presence of the conditions to calculate an offset voff. As soon as the vehicle speed vact passes through the substitute speed vsub, the sign of the regulator output SW reverses, and the negative regulator output becomes a positive regulator output. In this situation, the condition for method step 8 is satisfied, and the process continues to step 9.
In step 9 it is determined whether the speed change aact has passed through the zero line and has now assumed a positive value. As long as the vehicle speed vact is approaching the maximum speed vmax, the vehicle is still in the deceleration phase (the speed change is negative). In this phase, the condition for step 9 is not satisfied, and the process returns to the check in method step 9 once again. If this is not the case, the deceleration has changed to positive acceleration, and the extreme value of the first overshoot (see FIG. 1) has been reached. The process now continues to step 10, where the offset is set to zero and regulator initialization is carried out once again. Cruise control is continued after this, with the maximum speed vmax as the nominal value.
The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4598370 *||Jan 18, 1984||Jul 1, 1986||Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha||Apparatus for control of acceleration and deceleration during auto-cruise|
|US4725969||Sep 26, 1984||Feb 16, 1988||Nippondenso Co., Ltd.||Constant-speed driving system|
|US4835696 *||May 29, 1987||May 30, 1989||Nissan Motor Company, Ltd.||System and method for automatically controlling a vehicle speed to a desired cruising speed|
|US4893243||Jan 27, 1988||Jan 9, 1990||Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha||Control device for maintaining constant speed of an automobile|
|US4905153 *||May 4, 1988||Feb 27, 1990||Nissan Motor Company, Limited||System and method for automatically controlling a vehicle speed to a desired cruising speed|
|US5333109||Aug 9, 1991||Jul 26, 1994||Ford Motor Company||Vehicle speed control system with adaptive learning|
|US5663880 *||Dec 5, 1995||Sep 2, 1997||Mercedes-Benz Ag||Cruise control road speed control device with means for influencing fluctuations in control|
|US5713428 *||Mar 18, 1996||Feb 3, 1998||Mercedes-Benz Ag||Apparatus for regulating the speed of a motor vehicle|
|US5749063 *||Nov 10, 1993||May 5, 1998||Jidosha Denki Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha||Automatic vehicle speed controlling apparatus|
|US5774820 *||Sep 25, 1995||Jun 30, 1998||Mercedes-Benz Ag||Method and apparatus for limiting the speed of a motor vehicle|
|US6009367 *||May 13, 1997||Dec 28, 1999||Jidosha Denki Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha||Automatic constant-speed cruising control apparatus|
|DE2842023A1||Sep 27, 1978||Apr 10, 1980||Bosch Gmbh Robert||Digitale regeleinrichtung fuer die fahrgeschwindigkeit eines kraftfahrzeugs|
|DE3510174C2||Mar 21, 1985||Feb 29, 1996||Bosch Gmbh Robert||Einrichtung zur Beeinflussung der Fahrgeschwindigkeit eines Kraftfahrzeugs|
|DE3701331A1||Jan 19, 1987||Jul 28, 1988||Vdo Schindling||System for controlling the speed of a motor vehicle|
|DE4242169A1||Dec 15, 1992||Jun 16, 1994||Vdo Schindling||Vehicle speed controller with memory and microcontroller - calculates desired speed from max. acceleration, defined time interval, and stored desired speed using actual speed valves and microcontroller|
|DE4407082A1||Mar 3, 1994||Sep 8, 1994||Nippon Denso Co||Vehicle speed control system|
|DE19604220A1||Feb 6, 1996||Aug 7, 1997||Bosch Gmbh Robert||Control and limitation of vehicle speed|
|EP0290715A2||Jan 14, 1988||Nov 17, 1988||VDO Adolf Schindling AG||Method to avoid overshooting of a controller|
|JPH066068A||Title not available|
|JPH0463729A||Title not available|
|JPH0558193A||Title not available|
|JPH0596972A||Title not available|
|JPH05222968A||Title not available|
|JPH06107034A||Title not available|
|JPH09164859A||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US6554090 *||Jul 3, 2000||Apr 29, 2003||Hitachi, Ltd.||Automobile running control system|
|US6701224 *||Aug 17, 2000||Mar 2, 2004||Continental Teves Ag & Co., Ohg||Method for determining that a motor vehicle is climbing or descending a slope|
|US6769394 *||Aug 20, 2002||Aug 3, 2004||Dolmar Gmbh||Method for controlling the fuel supply to an internal combustion engine|
|US6854548 *||Mar 17, 2003||Feb 15, 2005||Hitachi, Ltd.||Automobile running control system|
|US7214110 *||Oct 6, 2005||May 8, 2007||Brunswick Corporation||Acceleration control system for a marine vessel|
|US7226387||Jun 10, 2005||Jun 5, 2007||Cnh America Llc||Control system for regulating a ground speed of a vehicle|
|US7548812 *||Sep 6, 2002||Jun 16, 2009||Robert Bosch Gmbh||Method and device for controlling the speed of a vehicle|
|US8554443||Mar 6, 2009||Oct 8, 2013||Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha||Vehicle travel control device|
|US8930115 *||Feb 26, 2013||Jan 6, 2015||Ford Global Technologies, Llc||Efficiency-based speed control with traffic-compatible speed offsets|
|US20040035389 *||Aug 20, 2002||Feb 26, 2004||Dolmar Gmbh||Method for controlling the fuel supply to an internal combustion engine|
|US20050021211 *||Sep 6, 2002||Jan 27, 2005||Jens Guenthner||Method and device for controlling the speed of a vehicle|
|US20060223669 *||Jun 10, 2005||Oct 5, 2006||Thompson Warren L||Control system for regulating a ground speed of a vehicle|
|US20110022284 *||Jul 20, 2010||Jan 27, 2011||Denso Corporation||Acceleration control device|
|US20110023603 *||May 29, 2007||Feb 3, 2011||Continental Automotive Gmbh||Method And Apparatus For Determining The Current Longitudinal Vehicle Speed|
|US20140244129 *||Feb 26, 2013||Aug 28, 2014||Ford Global Technologies, Llc||Efficiency-based speed control with traffic-compatible speed offsets|
|U.S. Classification||701/94, 180/179, 180/170, 123/352, 701/96, 123/350, 701/110, 123/361|
|International Classification||B60W10/00, G05B5/01, F16H61/02, B60W10/18, F02D29/02, B60W10/10, B60W10/04, B60W30/00, B60K31/04, B60K31/00|
|Cooperative Classification||B60W2510/1005, G05B5/01, B60K31/04, B60W2520/105|
|European Classification||G05B5/01, B60K31/04|
|Oct 5, 2000||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LINDEN, THOMAS;REEL/FRAME:011218/0776
Effective date: 20000518
|May 9, 2005||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 7, 2009||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 31, 2012||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: BURANI CONSULTING LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, DELAW
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DAIMLER AG;REEL/FRAME:027624/0585
Effective date: 20111219
|Mar 18, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12
|Dec 11, 2015||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: CHEMTRON RESEARCH LLC, DELAWARE
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:BURANI CONSULTING LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:037273/0458
Effective date: 20150826


text:
Aug. 24: A 16-year-old male from Inverness was charged with consumption of alcohol by a minor at Barrington High School. The subject was released and given an adjudication hearing date of Sept. 20, 2012 at 4 p.m.
Aug. 26: A 15-year-old old male from South Barrington and a 16-year-old male from North Barrington were charged with a curfew violation at 600 Hart Rd. The boys were released and given an adjudication hearing date of Sept. 20, 2012 at 4: p.m.
Aug. 26: Jack G. Sheetz, age 20, of Crooked Lane, North Barrington, IL was charged with underage consumption of alcohol at Hart Road and Main Street. The subject was released and given a Cook County court date of Sept. 19, 2012 at 9 a.m.
Aug. 27: Son Tran Nguyen, age 21, of West Sunnyside, Chicago, IL was charged with possession of cannabis at 1420 S. Barrington Rd. The subject was released and given a Cook County court date of Sept. 19, 2012 at 9 a.m.
Aug. 27: A purse was taken from a vehicle while parked in the lot at the Barrington Library, 505 North Northwest Highway. A window was broken out to gain entry.
Aug. 27: The front license plate was removed from a vehicle while parked in the lot at 1420 South Barrington Road.
Aug. 28: An exterior garage light was damaged in the 1000 block of Oakland Drive.
Aug: 31: A resident of the 100 block of West Hillside Avenue reported the theft of two planters from the front yard.
Aug. 31: Police took a report for a lost wallet at the train station, 201 Spring Street.

domain: news


text:
Suit up. Adapt. Survive.
Easy on the wallet!
Find the best mods for an amazing Baldur's Gate 3 experience.
Find the best TF2 game modes here!
Having trouble? We'll help with the last boss.
Want to level your character fast? Try these tips.
If you're a Pokemon Violet or Scarlet player, you need to read this.
From Novice to Pro: Mastering the Mercenaries

domain: game


text:
How not to help the little Katya to see how the swimming fish! During boat rides with grandpa Victor on the lake it was peremeshivaete across the Board, trying to see underwater creatures.
Grandfather, fearing that the granddaughter accidentally fall into the water, asked her not to lean over the water. And promised that next time they will float no more on this, and on his boat, which he will do a special window, so that Katya could see him fish.
Victor D. Berezhnoy — a resident of the city of Valdai, in the Novgorod region. On the shores of lake Vysokogo in the country, it does have a homemade boat that he once welded from several sections of steel sheets with thickness 1 and 2 mm.
Structurally the boat is simple, and Victor D. spent only a few hours.
At first, he produced a cylindrical pontoons, and for this purpose welded sheet steel with a thickness of 1 mm, two pipes and covered them with the ends of the wooden disk, the mi-plugs. As the sealant used gustotertye paint, and the fastening — screws.
Then from the same sheet made and welded hull with rounded sides and sloping balneoclinic and transom. Bends ploschadka about balneoclinic and transom reinforced corner pads made of steel sheet 2 mm thick.
Connected the pontoons to the hull using six hoops of steel strips the section of 50×1 mm. the ends of the hoops, covering the pontoons, welded butt-welded directly to the body. Between the upper ends of the secondary (ukljucenih) wraps and body waril semicircular inserts made of sheet steel with a thickness of 1 mm.
These inserts later picked up by the screw nut M12, which are placed and secured by lock nuts ukljucene rods.
To the pontoons does not move, put them together with hoops welded several currents. Also, before you feed the top plugs drilled in the pontoons to hole with a diameter of 10 mm each to drain the water (by the way, a little water in the pontoons must be permanently, or wooden plugs will crack and lose integrity).

domain: design


text:
It looks unequivocal: Mocha protein powder caffeinated works wonders. In any case, this hypothesis comes up, one notices the countless good testimonials using this product, which have recently been shared by the banned customers.
Mocha protein powder caffeinated is very likely to be the answer to your situation. After all, an enormous number of customer reports make it clear that Mocha protein powder caffeinated works. In the following article we have checked for you to what extent the whole thing is true and how they should use the funds for the very best final results.
What would you need to know about Mocha protein powder caffeinated?
The manufacturing company launched Mocha protein powder caffeinated with the aim of increasing muscle mass. Depending on what you want, it will be used either for a long time or occasionally.
According to diverse customer opinions, the product is exceptionally effective in this area. But what is there to know in addition to the product?
The company behind Mocha protein powder caffeinated is well known and has been selling the funds to its customers for a long time - so the manufacturers have been able to build up many years of knowledge. The biological structure can be expected to accommodate Mocha protein powder caffeinated well. In contrast to Viagra shots for men, it is conspicuously more economical as a result.
Mocha protein powder caffeinated only focuses on boosting testosterone levels, making it a very good product. Other drugs from competitors are often sold as miracle cures for all suffering. This is a very big challenge & hardly succeeds.
The annoying result is that far too small amounts of the crucial active ingredients are involved, which is why these very agents are useless.
Mocha protein powder caffeinated can be found in the manufacturer's official online store, which delivers quickly and uncomplicatedly.
Will buying Mocha protein powder caffeinated meet your expectations?
In addition, the following topic will be addressed:
Which target group should avoid the remedy?
Mocha protein powder caffeinated use is particularly useful for weight loss. Countless people can confirm this.
Don't assume they can easily take just Mocha protein powder caffeinated & on the spot all problems would dissolve into air. Be patient. You should be aware of this. No user has realized a large muscle mass instantly. It takes some time to do that.
Mocha protein powder caffeinated helps to realize their wishes. Nevertheless, you have to do your homework. So if you're old enough and want to build muscle now, you'll buy the product, keep up with the procedure, and then you may be shouting about results in a timely manner.
Things that make Mocha protein powder caffeinated very interesting:
The countless detailed observations of Mocha protein powder caffeinated clearly illustrate that the great advantage makes the purchase decision extremely easy.
- A risky & very complex surgical procedure is avoided
- All ingredients are exclusively dietary supplements of natural origin that do not harm the body
- You do not have to find a doctor & pharmacist to ridicule you with your problem
- You do not need a prescription from the doctor, because the product can be ordered online without a prescription & simply inexpensive
- the package and shipper are simple and absolutely nothing to say - so you can buy it for yourself
The effects of Mocha protein powder caffeinated
The fabulous effect of the product is achieved precisely because the specific ingredients work perfectly together.
One thing that makes a natural preparation special for sustainable muscle building like Mocha protein powder caffeinated is that it only relies on the body's own mechanisms of action.
Very many millennia of development have meant that virtually all essential processes for a large muscle mass are always available and simply need to be initiated.
The following effects are therefore:
These are the effects that can be imagined with the product.
Better than Mocha protein powder caffeinated?
However, it must be clear that these results can, of course, be decidedly stronger, or even milder, depending on the user. Only personal proof will bring reliability!
What ingredients can be found in Mocha protein powder caffeinated?
The composition of Mocha protein powder caffeinated is well balanced and is essentially based on the following main active ingredients:
If one now excludes which pharmaceutical ingredients have been included in that food-supplementing product, the amount of dosage of those ingredients also plays an overriding role.
In the product, the manufacturer advantageously relies on a strong dosage of each ingredient, which, according to research, promises special results in muscle building.
Are there any side effects?
Now it is of enormous importance to develop a fundamental understanding that Mocha protein powder caffeinated is an excellent product that benefits effective mechanisms of the body.
Unlike dozens of competing products, Mocha protein powder caffeinated thus cooperates with the human organism. This is also evidenced by the side effects that do not exist in a way.
Is there a possibility that the initial use sometimes feels unfamiliar? Does it take a little bit to make it actually feel soothing?
Of course! Physical transformations are clearly noticeable, whether it is a short-term aggravation or just the uneasy feeling - this is a side effect that passes away later.
Users also do not report side effects when using... See the Testosterone and libido booster for men review.
Benefits of Mocha protein powder caffeinated?
- rather not cheap
- acts over time
Disadvantages of Mocha protein powder caffeinated?
- Delivery in a few days
- discreet shipping
- Comfortable payment options
- unobtrusive packaging
- uncomplicated application
- easy to use in everyday life
- low package offers
What is there to know about the application?
There is, of course, no doubt or concern about the particular simplicity of use that is worth considering or even discussing.
The product hardly takes up any space, so to speak, and is inconspicuously carried everywhere. The company provides all relevant information regarding use and revenue - these are simple and easy to use
Can we expect developments in the near future?
Generally, Mocha protein powder caffeinated is already noticeable after the first application and minor progress can be made in the space of a few weeks, according to the manufacturer.
In studies, consumers have often said that the product has had a resolute effect, which lasts only a few hours. With regular use, these results stabilize, so that even after use is complete, the results are long.
Many years later, many users remain over-the-top |fascinated by this product!
As a result, it makes sense, although some reports show the opposite, to allow consistency and to use the product for at least a few weeks. You will also contact our Customer Care.for any other information.
Mocha protein powder caffeinated test reports analyzed
To be sure that the impact of Mocha protein powder caffeinated is actually useful, you can view other people's results and views on websites. Unfortunately, there are extremely few clinical tests on this subject, as they are extremely costly and usually only include medicines.
Forget Mocha protein powder caffeinated - we recommend:
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In order to get an idea of Mocha protein powder caffeinated, we include clinical trials, reviews and user statements. For this reason, we now risk looking at the promising treatment methods:
Mocha protein powder caffeinated brings very enjoyable experiences
The experience of Mocha protein powder caffeinated is unbelievably completely satisfactory. We have been controlling the existing market for these items in the form of tablets, gel and several aids for some time, have already sought a lot of advice and tested them on us. However, tests are very rare as with the product as clearly as with the product.
It is true that the promised improvement is confirmed by almost everyone who has tried the remedy:
Our opinion: Give the product the opportunity to convince you.
If a remedy works as convincingly as Mocha protein powder caffeinated, it will often disappear from the market after a short period of time, because of course effective products are unpopular with certain interest groups in industry. So you should strike as soon as possible so as not to miss the opportunity.
It is hardly possible that such a product can be procured legally and cheaply. At the moment it would still be available in the linked online shop. Unlike other sellers, you can rely on finding the authentic product here. Consider the Children weight loss review.
Are you sure you have enough patience to sustain this application for an extended period of time? In case your reply here should be "no," you can leave it. However, the chances are high that you are driven to persevere, especially if you get valuable help, as Mocha protein powder caffeinated provides it.
Definitely read before searching for ordering options for this product
Inevitably, it should be avoided to buy in one of these not quite pure internet shops when determining offers.
Here, for example, you could not only get a useless product, but also take a dangerous risk!
Important: If you want to buy the product, you can do this only through the original online shop of the manufacturer.
After my thorough investigation of other sellers, it has emerged that there is no other unadulterated recipe to buy.
How to get the latest offers?
Better save you the irresponsible search procedures. Better click on one of the links here. We update the links again so that the price, shipment and conditions are continuously the best..

domain: health


Chrysler Laser Brake Components
Just like you don’t want to hesitate for a second before slamming on your car’s brakes during a possible imminent collision, you don’t want your vehicle’s brakes to hesitate in their operation at your moment of greatest need. Failure of even a single braking component could be hazardous, which is why I Love Body Kits carries many aftermarket brake parts from a variety of manufacturers on our site.
Whether you need Chrysler Laser brake rotors, Chrysler Laser brake pads, Chrysler Laser brake lines, or brake fluid, I Love Body Kits keeps a full stock at your disposal from which you can select. Brake pads should especially be watched and replaced when necessary, as they take the brunt of the wear during normal braking maneuvers, meaning they won’t stay as durable as some of the other brake parts in your car. With each piece being so important to responsive braking, you don’t want to miss out on even a single one during your repairs or upgrade job.
Mark F. - (St. Louis, MO)
I am riding this spring with my stock shocks and it feels just right. The spring is not stiff like my previous spring set. Thanks Ilovebodykits
p1Mp.bimmer - (Las Vegas, NV)
Even more attention in the 1M ;) All gloating aside, the cover looks really nice and fit well. ER is all over the forums so I knew I could trust their product.. but ilovebodykits had the 5% coupon and Im glad I went with them, I received the item the following day - were only a few hours away, but still cool.
Good stuff- I got my hood, front lip and trunk in the same day -Very well packaged and fast shipping - Thanks Ilovebodykits
Philip C. - (Saltville, VA)
Great looking quick release hub- look much better than my old gen 1.5.
There was a slight scratch in the clear coat that I had to buff out. All in all a nice piece. I dont think anyone else makes a carbon N54 engine cover. Item reached me in 2 days though, that was impressive.
llano - (Salt Lake City,utah)
Great exhuast! Sounds great! Got a little white smoke and a funny smell for the first day or so.
41 reviews 4.5 out of 5 stars


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Animal Shelters In The Gulf South Are Literally Overflowing With Animals
When Alie Dennis laid her eyes on Copper at the Metro Animal Shelter in Tuscaloosa, it was love at first sight.
Dennis, a University of Alabama student, came to the shelter in hopes of adopting a dog before her final year of school. After playing with the 3-month-old German shepherd labrador mix for about an hour, she knew he was the one — asking for a 24-hour hold on the dog to talk the adoption over with her family.
But for Metro Animal Shelter, even 24 hours can be a long time if people are willing to take home a new pet. Last year, shelters in Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi were running out of so-called “pandemic puppies.” Now, they are literally overflowing with dogs, cats and even hamsters due to a variety of reasons — the lingering coronavirus pandemic, mating season and transportation issues, to name a few.
At the same time, Dennis was attempting to take Copper home, Ally Leerink, another area college student, was across the hall with her eyes on a puppy. Leerink, however, asked the shelter if she could keep the dog boarded for a few days if she were to adopt. Meghan Stavros, an adoption counselor at the shelter, said no.
“We need the cages,” Stavros told Leerink. “You guys don't go in the garage area, but we have dogs literally in kennels right now because we don't have enough space. So once they’re adopted we want them out if we can.”
More Animals Coming In, Less Leaving
Animal shelters in the Gulf South tend to have a lot of animals in general, partly due to the lack of access to veterinary care and spaying and neutering — especially in rural areas. High poverty levels also mean people cannot afford to take care of their pets, or their housing situations do not allow for any. It’s also not unusual for shelters to take in a lot of animals during the summer months because that’s when puppies and kittens are born.
The level of overcrowding at these shelters, however, rarely rises to the level it is at now. Data from 24PetWatch and analyzed by Best Friends Animal Society shows that shelter intake of animals has been higher this year than in 2020. While intake is still lower than it was in 2019, Best Friends found that more animals have entered the shelters than left them, which is leading to the high shelter population.
“It’s become like this superstorm where we have more animals coming, less animals leaving,” Makena Yarbrough, the senior regional director of programs at Best Friends, said.
Companion Animal Alliance in Baton Rouge has found that about half of their intake during the surge came from owners surrendering their pets due to moving challenges — often into lower-income housing or being evicted.
“We would assume that these are COVID-related,” said Emily Jackson, Companion Animal Alliance’s communications director. “We know that a lot of the lower-income housing environments do not accept pets that are larger in size, so we're receiving a lot of pets over 25, 30, 50 pounds.”
After Hurricane Ida made landfall in southeast Louisiana in late August, the shelter also expected animals to come in from other shelters in the area that were affected by the storm as well as from local animal control services.
“As all of us in southeast Louisiana assess the storm damage, CAA is thankful that our region was spared the worst of it,” Jackson said. “In order to prepare for the possibility of an influx of pets from these neighboring shelters, we have arranged several transports to help decrease our population.”
Transportation is also a problem. Shelters in Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana usually transport many of their animals to other states, typically in the northern part of the U.S., that have a lower supply of animals. Much of that has slowed down due to those shelters also being full. Metro Animal Shelter’s next transport will only include about a third of the animals they usually send.
“Transport is a big lifeline for us and when that slows down, it hurts. It really does hurt,” said Thomas Sahm, the office and programs manager for the shelter.
The high rates of COVID and the spread of the delta variant are also leading to staffing issues, with Best Friends hearing reports of some shelters having to shut down completely because their entire staff has been exposed. Southern Pines Animal Shelter in Hattiesburg, Mississippi had temporarily stopped taking in animals at one point due to staffing shortages.
How You Can Help
Shelters are encouraging people to help out in whatever ways they can. Aside from volunteering, fostering, and adoption, Yarbrough suggests that those who can no longer care for their pets should think about surrendering them to family or friends instead of a shelter. Many shelters also offer resources to assist owners so that they can keep their pets.
To encourage fostering, Companion Animal Alliance has “weekend fostering,” a program where people can foster animals just for the weekend to get them out of the shelter. The shelter is also making it easier to adopt by offering $15 adoption fees through September 19th. Another campaign back in July that completely waived adoption fees was somewhat successful.
“We had adopted 140 animals in just five days, but for reference, within those same exact five days, we took in 127,” Jackson said. “It's like, ‘Wow, you all adopted nearly 150 animals!’ Meanwhile, what's happening in the back is we're also taking in nearly the exact same amount.”
Even so, the shelter is still grateful for any adoptions they can get.


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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
Big Red Barn by Margaret Wise Brown
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0694006246, Board book)
By the big red barn
There were horses and sheep and goats and geese--and a jaunty old scarecrow leaning on his hoe. And they all lived together by the big red barn. In joyous and exuberant
Pictures, Felicia Bond lovingly evokes Margaret Wise Brown's simple, rhythmic text about the cycle of a day on a farm, where a family of animals peacefully plays and sleeps.
In the barnyard there are roosters and cows, horses and goats, and a pink piglet who is learning to squeal. Margaret Wise Brown's lulling story about a day in the life of a barnyard is now available as a sturdy board book. Felicia Bond's atmospheric illustrations add to the tranquil simplicity of this story.
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:12:46 -0400)
The story of various farm animals and how their activities revolve around a big red barn.
(summary from another edition)
Is this you?
Become a LibraryThing Author.

domain: artistic


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LIHU‘E — The Hawai‘i State Department of Health Kaua‘i District Health Office reported three new cases of COVID-19 yesterday.
Yesterday’s cases are adult visitors whose source of infection is considered inter-island travel. All active cases are in isolation and close contacts are being identified, offered testing, and directed to quarantine. Investigations are ongoing.
Monday’s cases bring the number of active cases to 10 with 354 cumulative cases. Kaua‘i’s cumulative case count includes 314 confirmed locally, two probable, and 38 positive cases diagnosed elsewhere, as they received their pre-travel test results after arriving on island.
Free testing at the Kaua‘i War Memorial Convention Hall is available Monday through Friday, from 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. on a first-come, first-served basis. Testing is also available through your primary care physician, a hospital, or an urgent care clinic. Please contact those providers directly for more information.
Residents aged 18 and older are eligible for any vaccine available at pharmacy, hospital, and clinic locations. The Pfizer vaccine has been authorized for use in those 12 years of age and older, and appointments are available at Kaua‘i hospitals and pharmacies for this age group.
Vaccination is free and widely available on the island, including on weekends and evenings. For details, visit www.kauai.gov/vaccine.
For more information on the county’s COVID-19 response, visit www.kauai.gov/COVID-19.
For more information on the state’s COVID-19 cases or the state’s Safe Travels program, visit hawaiicovid19.com.
Source: The Garden Island


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PETALING JAYA: Many small scale and independent retailers are expected to close down in the next one to two months as a result of the movement control order (MCO), said Retail Group Malaysia.
Its managing director Tan Hai Hsin said:
“These individual shop owners are most likely to be cash-strapped due to the MCO.
“Most of them live hand-to-mouth.
“Staff account for about 30% of retail business expenditure.”
Retail Group Malaysia is an independent research consultancy.
It has been working with the Malaysia Retailers Association for 23 years.
If this crisis is protracted beyond the middle of this year, Tan expects up to 15%, or about 50,000 outlets, to cease operations in the next six to eight months, affecting both small and national chains.
“The majority of small retailers do not have sufficient reserves to continue. The weak ringgit does not benefit the little guys, ” he said.
There were about 342,000 outlets in Malaysia in 2019.
“It will be similar to the 1998 Asian Financial Crisis, ” he said.
Having said that, Tan said that until today, the 13th day of the MCO, retailers are not against it because this is a health issue which affects themselves, their customers and the whole supply chain.
What they need is more direct and targeted help from the government (out of the RM250bil stimulus package), he said.
“They understand the need for it. However, they feel helpless. They are unprepared for it and they do not know what to do during this MCO, now extended to April 14. And they are stuck with stocks they are unable to sell.
“They are unable to generate enough cash to pay salaries.
“A large majority of SME retailers occupy shop offices.
“Unlike mall owners, landlords in these shop offices are unlikely to grant free rental or a reduction.
“Even they want to apply for bank loan to save their companies, (but) they will likely be rejected due to their limited resources, ” Tan said. Categorised under small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Tan said the retail business, excluding services and the F&Bs, employed about 1.2 million people as of 2019.
The sector has been bogged down by weak consumer sentiment since January, 2020.
Chinese New Year sales were “not encouraging” with a drastic drop in Chinese tourists because of Covid-19, affecting retailers located in tourist-dependent areas throughout the country.
The political upheaval worsened consumer sentiment.
He said it is difficult to forecast what the 12-month retail growth rate will be as a result of February and March events.
Retail Group had a 4.6% projected growth rate in November 2019 but no longer.
“It will be in negative zone, ” he said, adding that he is more concerned about closures and employment.
Hari Raya normally contributes about 25% of total retail sale. Retailers will again be affected.
The sector has vulnerabilities and Covid-19 and the MCO have rendered the situation quite untenable.
Rent make up a third of expenditure. There is little wiggle room because some retailers pay service charges but not rental. It is about market demand and supply and this practice happens in other countries.
However, “this happens especially when the industry is facing an oversupply (of mall space) and a weak economy.”
Mall owners offer attractive rentals to anchor and branded tenants, use these big names to bring in smaller boys who, then possibly, pay higher rental. This offset the low incomes derived from the biggies.
Some tenants pay turnover rent with no minimum rental rate. If they do not have sales, they do not pay rent. Other countries practise this too, Tan said. Kiosk operators pay higher rent on a per square foot basis.
“For the last five to six years, mall owners have difficulties filling up space, ground floor included.
“Empty lots are unappealing so mall management have been renting to temporary tenants.”
> potential new tenants who want “to try out the market” before committing to permanent leases
> existing tenants who need temporary promotion space of not more than three months
> those who cannot afford full rental for permanent lots
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NVIDIA announced a new weapon for the upcoming desert map in PLAYERUNKNOWN’S BATTLEGROUNDS (PUBG) today on GeForce.com. The R45 revolver will be available when PUBG v1.0 launches, later this month. The new R45 can be looted only on the new desert map that is named Miramar as a world spawn weapon. The R45 will be the replacement for the R1895 revolver from Erangel map which will not be in Miramar.
The new R45 is a six-shot revolver that is chambered for the game’s .45 ACP ammunition and comes with a speed loader. The built-in speed loader allows you to load all six rounds simultaneously, greatly accelerating reload times over the original R1895 pistol . Unlike the R1895 it replaces, the R45 will not support a suppressor, though you will be able to add a red dot sight to improve your aim. You can try out the R45 on the test servers tomorrow when they go live with the new desert map.
Another new weapon that was revealed today is the Win94 rifle. It’s a world spawn item and also exclusive to the desert map.