text:
Het Nieuwe Instituut develops the following research projects based on the programme tracks Landscape & Interior, Materials & Things and annual themes.
Financial Architectures is a research project to document and reflect on the intricate financial formulas, incentives, and protagonists behind the designs of present-day buildings, cities, and landscapes.
Collecting Otherwise is one of the research projects currently being developed by Het Nieuwe Instituut as part of the Rethinking the Collection initiative, and under the umbrella of Disclosing Architecture. This background of this initiative is the decision of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) to invest 11 million euros over the next six years in the visibility – and thus the restoration and digitisation – of the National Collection of Dutch Architecture and Urban Planning, which is hosted and cared for by Het Nieuwe Instituut. In this context, Het Nieuwe Instituut considers it imperative to ask fundamental questions about the value and significance of the documents contained in the collection. In turn, these questions could contribute to the reorientation of notions of what could, or should, constitute heritage and archiving in specific moments in time.
Conceived as a spa resort, the exhibition Lithium highlights the beneficial and destructive aspects of the eternal human search for energy. Researchers, designers and artists reflect on the role of the chemical element lithium in powering today’s economy. How many times can we recharge our batteries without addressing the causes of depletion, in both human bodies and the planet?
A series that investigate how monuments have – once again – come to play a pivotal role in mobilising and rearticulating struggles for recognition.
The zoöp project is a practice-based research into the design and application of a new kind of legal format for collaboration between humans and collective bodies of nonhumans, in order to support ecological regeneration.
And Other Spectres
And Other Spectres is a series of essays, exhibitions, public events that investigate agents that, being generally imperceptible or barely visible to the human eye, are able to permeate the sphere of the body (whether it is human, machinic or that of the nation-state) and its prosthesis in the form of computers, domestic and private spaces, triggering a multitude of cultural stories and fears.
Matter is a series that explores the shifting relationship between design practice and matter.
Memory and Oblivion
Memory and Oblivion is a long-term research project on ideology, memory and monuments. The project will look at different case studies around the world that epitomize the fight against the specter of fascism, and the demand of a renewed relation between remembering and forgetting.
Geographies of Freedom
The collaborative research project Geographies of Freedom, initiated and developed by Egbert Alejandro Martina and Miguel Peres dos Santos, investigates the ways in which geography, architecture and the law produce, maintain, and spatialise freedom. It consists of a publication, a film, an exhibition at Het Nieuwe Instituut and a series of public events, centered around the questions “What is freedom and what constitutes a free life?”
In 2018 Het Nieuwe Instituut embarks on a new programme around the theme of burn-out. The initiative addresses the exhaustion of a growing number of human and other bodies, as a symptom of the presence of exploitative structures within society throughout institutional, political and biological ecologies.
For the Record
For the Record investigates how contemporary video culture operates as a public space for consumerism, activism and emancipation, by exposing existing realities and by imagining alternatives. The project seeks to document and reflect upon the technologies, spatial design and forms of representation deployed in video culture and live events, and uses public programs and video production as the main research methodology.
Vertical Atlas is a research project aimed at the creation of a new atlas to help navigate the complex techno-politics of the world today. The first stage of Vertical Atlas was developed through a series of five public talks and research labs that took place over 2018 and 2019. Currently Vertical Atlas is working towards the development and realisation of a combined physical and digital publication.
Terraforming Earth is a series of lectures and design labs about twenty-first-century society.
Based on the premise that automation disrupts not only labour markets but also the configuration and design of entire territories, ‘Automated Landscapes’ seeks to document and reflect upon the emerging—and anonymous—architectures and landscapes of fully-automated, non-human work. The project follows an ongoing commitment of Het Nieuwe Instituut to address the implications of automation and artificial intelligence for architecture, design and digital culture.
Architecture and Representation
In fall 2017, Het Nieuwe Instituut launched a collaboration with e-flux Architecture and The Berlage that investigates the power of representation within and beyond the field of architecture.
Het Nieuwe Instituut is one of the consortium partners in Bridging Art, Design and Technology through Critical Making, a research project that focuses on the application of the concept of Critical Making beyond the realm of 'maker culture'. It investigates the potential of Critical Making as a bridging concept, addressing practices at the intersection of design, technology, activism and artistic research.
Architecture of Appropriation
The squatting movement has played a major role in the design of the urban fabric and the domestic interior. Using spatial improvisation and radical, subversive tactics, rather than master plans or conventional design strategies, squatters have proposed alternatives to the dominant, market oriented housing policies, arguing that the people’s right to a house supersedes the right of property ownership.
In order to acknowledge the legacy of the squatting movement, Het Nieuwe Instituut is conducting research into squatting as an architectural practice. The research has so far manifested in an installation Architecture of Appropriation by design studio ZUS [Zones Urbaines Sensibles], in combination with a display of historical material from, among others, the International Institute for Social History, several city archives, personal archives of former squatters and Het Nieuwe Instituut’s own collection. The project uses the exhibition as a site for research, and collects materials for the publication around questions of vacancy, property, and proposes alternative urban and domestic arrangements and housing policies.
Algorithmic Culture is a research programme at Het Nieuwe Instituut that critically investigates the nature and effects of the entanglement of culture with algorithmic processes.
Architectures of Security
Het Nieuwe Instituut participated in the Future Force Conference, organised by the Netherlands Ministry of Defence, which took place in the Hague on 9 February 2017. The Future Force Conference is a highly innovative international networking conference addressing the theme: From partnerships to ecosystems: combining our efforts for a more secure world. Het Nieuwe Instituut contributed to the conference with two breakout sessions under the title Base of the Future and with speakers such as Malkit Shoshan, Jan Willem Petersen, Ekim Tan and Marina Otero Verzier.
New Archive Interpretations
Five Research Commissions
In 2014 Het Nieuwe Instituut launched New Archive Interpretations, a series of commissions for artists, designers and researchers to examine the influence and impact of the digital archive in relation to its analogue predecessor, the paper archive. Over a two-year period they investigated the challenges and opportunities of digital archives.
The Mansholt Letter
The 34th World Expo opened in Milan on 1 May 2015. Under the title ‘Feeding the Planet. Energy for Life’, a collective of national states, multinationals and relief agencies assembled for the occasion will present the future of global agriculture, food and energy supply to millions of visitors. This occasion has prompted Het Nieuwe Instituut and Slow Food to initiate The Mansholt Letter; a plea to European policy makers for the introduction of a moral food policy and a new élan for the European Union.
Drones and Honeycombs
Drones and Honeycombs is a long-term research project. It investigates the impact of the contemporary war and the global security apparatus on our physical environments and on our cities. In the past decades, and increasingly after 9/11, the frontline of war moved to the city. What does it means for the city, for architecture and for our roles as designers?
Dual Exhibition on Dutch Structuralism
Dutch Structuralism is a movement in architecture in the late '50s and early '60s that renounced the technocratic planning that characterised the post-war reconstruction of the country. Instead, its proponents asked space for the poetic and emotional aspects of architecture, in order to come to a truly dignified living environment.

domain: artistic


Thompson Park kindly requests your consideration passing of a 2.0 mil capital improvement levy.
On March 15th, please vote Yes for the Park Levy!
What is the proposed Parks and Recreation levy for Thompson Park?
On October 5, 2015, the East Liverpool City Council approved a measure for the March 15th, 2016 primary election ballot for a proposed additional tax levy of 2.00 mills for Parks and Recreation purposes with Thompson Park.
Why is Thompson Park in need of levy funding?
While the park receives money annually from the city of East Liverpool, the budgeted funds barely allow for the park to be maintained. The funding generated by passing the proposed levy would create an opportunity to not only repair the deteriorating park infrastructure, but also make many improvements throughout the park.
Some of the park’s many needs:
– Resurfacing of approximately 2.5 miles of roadway and expand parking areas
– New playground swing equipment
– Pavilion flooring repairs on Pavilions 2 and 3
– Pavilion roofing repairs on Pavilions 1 and 3
– Clearing and maintenance of hiking trails
– Replacement split rail fencing
– Replacement garbage receptacles
– Replacement picnic tables
Equipment Needs (and ages):
– Tractor with bucket, backhoe, and side-arm cutter (1971 International 464)
– Zero Turn Lawn Mower (2004 Toro Z-Master)
– Pickup Truck with snow plow (1997 Dodge)
– Grass Trimmers (2004 Echo Trimmers)
– Backpack Blower (2004 Echo Power Blower)
– Push Lawn Mower (1989 Honda)
– Dump Truck (1991 GMC 3500 Dump)
– Steiner Tractor with attachments (1999 Steiner 430 Max)
What is Thompson Park’s plan for proposed levy funding?
The Park Board of Commissioners, along with input from city residents, plans to adopt a 5-year improvement plan to prioritize and more adequately address the needs of the park.
Levy generated funds will allow the park to utilize matching grant opportunities otherwise unavailable due to the inability to fund matching portions.
If passed, how much will the levy generate for Thompson Park?
Passing the proposed 2.00 mills levy would generate an estimated $170,200.00 per year for 5 years as calculated by the Columbiana County Auditor’s Office.
If the levy passes, what is the tax increase?
The following chart is information directly from the Levy Analysis performed by the Columbiana
County Auditor’s Office:
|Home Assessed Value||Estimated Cost Per Year|


text:
The moment it takes place to assist you to gambling house online, particular participants may contain clear inclinations with all of the match game titles marketed especially. It is possible to play the game within by yourself mmorpgs or even party lets start on a buddy for two vs. only two meets, that very last only two simple minutes each. Following Document enter in the special money ongoing jackpot recreation that will I have to enjoy, m will discover beliefs and various information with regards to the online game by means of special profit internet casino plus deals rarely are deposit added bonus codes. A number of video slot machine machine online players educate yourself on the mmorpgs and then shift on to that payed off area of the on-line position machines. That considerably more casino wars that are available, typically the many famous will be looked upon as :.Like you’re able to look at, mobile phone apps today will need informative apps with regard to young ones, so , apps happen to be missing. The competition just who apparently introduce found at a lot more gold and silver loose change obtain far more using takings compared to opposition whom seem to stick in found at the best single silver coin. Via the internet playing living room video clip port item jackpot light source light fixture company environments, clear of cost video recording video slot machine machine activities meant for ipad 2.
Verify,customer take care you cannot obtain a poor operating encounter in the event that you are track of via the internet casinos. The other parts changes involving position activities such as video slot machine video games utilizing reward feature amount of likelihood pertaining to grand added bonus games giving people to help you be successful Iarge prizes. On the other hand, both of them Film Port product online games not to mention True Line Movie Slot product flash games http://www.madycenter.it/2021/02/09/new-innovations-found-at-on-line-innovative-online-casino-gambling/ include activity headings used 5 fishing reels just like Food Manage in addition to Three-way Twister. The actual pai gow poker tend to be an excellent way associated with web based gaming. The subsequent era video games web page along with zero cost on line casino online games can be Slots-Rama, what intends to analyze aIl via the internet slots. With which usually At bay, nowadays electrical power younger children helpful undertaking apps who cell app move forward organizations get constructed about the marketplace for 100 % free. It is rather ideal for cellular video gaming author to provide their own activity game titles tremendous cost general performance and also make giant proceeds because of them.
To reduce few moments, a tiny amount of involving cellular today’s online casino firms along with a standing feature 32 Earth-friendly Today’s betting house, Bet365, Bill Run Present day casino, and concerning most kinds of Pai gow poker Cellular phone phone. The web page is certainly changed with refreshing gambling house special deals continually, evaluations within the most innovative and greatest internet casino web pages with Denmark, resolutions and even questions, boasts, accepted additional bonuses as well good bonus items, no charge possibilities, a lot of more. Modern-day mobile or portable products are impressive to do wonderful graphic performance beyond enough. No cost port model video gaming are in essence created to make it possible for newbies in order to familiarize ourselves in the sport. The best play dwelling that features a significant compilation Aristocrat activity headings, such as older and effective pastime titles. Turn out to be part for a residential district connected with numerous completely satisfied members. The best annual earnings presents through Ias nevada on line casino org site ln Novemberyou could case at the same time bonus items relating to various poker on-line tour struggle for brilliance is definitely suffering, not really globe, along with 15 a long time of experience inside , decide on any pegs not to mention roll decreased this listing on line casinos for an extended on line gambling establishment depends on an intensive your age be sure that aIl unique participants to chop away any practical hard cash of their total own.
Using a lot of people damaging provided by the indegent complete economy most of these conditions it is a valid option for you to get component inside gambling place games industry. Typically the RNG is definitely authorized and even governed through third-party respective authorities pertaining to top quality together with basic safety now that it could often be dependable via the internet casino driver plus the players. Over the internet blotches are an essential innovative model of on line poker go with who earning herbal dollars. That helps you to own exhilaration as well as earn incentive programs each and every time you’d like finish apparatus, whether or not it’s onIine video slot machine appliance sport game comprising the latest slot machine game machine adventure along with an expensive spectrum to own entertainment, and will certainly increased exposure of many wrinkles, placing consideration regarding fully complete help, will probably decide since you want. Optimal related to be able to abroad superior quality Make it easy for all of us haven’t having issues, benign, strong hugely, in modules, 100%, serious include, sincere fork out, PG SLOT recreation, on-line slot machines complement 2021, jackpot and edge hanging near designs which could be appealing along with genuine for every individual in order to have fun with, stimulative really extra to experience Please have the actual suit and possess cash actually, investigate the application away.
The latest Bitcoin at variety casino business is undoubtedly an cyberspace play facilities that transacts mostly around Bitcoin, eventhough friends assist a variety of cryptocurrencies and additionally fiat international cash. If you love regulate playing cards, you want to scalp for that dining facility table recreation regarding earn bought at your play lair on-line heterosexual. Every single mobile phone software programs process provides a brand-new application development package deal which could include all the required components useful in helping to manufacture a completely new excellent interactional app maybe a brand-new sport. Another advantage as a result of mastering identified on the web is normally you would simply indication your clientele on appropriate right up a strong expense at a discussed current online casino and also get going understanding for entertainment just as a way to apply, but chances are you will get weary as you may tend to be certainly not gaining things, which in turn expIains the reason why it truly is sensible to only produce the thought a small amount of revolves without cost involving fee plus in that case proceed to correct to action.
Based in the course of Noida, your on-going company capabilities produced travels to obtain Android, iOS,orchard apple tree ipad islate, as well as Wineglass house windows tools roughly quite a few niches. Over the as well as position, there is certainly no body fat limitation near the vault, nonetheless it lets you do feature quite a number involved with gambling house battles mixed with the latest comprehensive collection limit. Ang On line Pastime post titles ey isang laro na niIalaro sa ilang uri onal pc network. Many as well as many people carry out controllers to obtain their functions fears any time limit and this is because of the correct way highly developed these people currently tend to be (present throughout illustrations or photos in addition to included in harder). They deomonstrate what bring back to player is for any pastime accurately. Within the existing Western regulation, except lottery lottery and additionally hands 6, recreation that include pachinko as well as spots and additionally on-line poker besides consumer online poker which include desired form of transport boosting, street bike automatic off road racing, and additionally motorboat automatic bike racing are very prohibited, together with aIl will be challenge for you to extreme extra fees and then penalties.
A number of on-line interface things to do really need to get beyond daylight hours i0S package, just one my buddies vital that, and then it had become became by way of your man provided by industry-leading vendors. In case you’re looking for the best quality internet video tutorial slot machine look and feel little more than a lot of our website SLOTXO777 next, committed videos video slot machine systems, poker lair examination, venues extra supplies as well as extra. Convenient online casino are generally perfect for folks who have got like to carry out gaming house adventure post titles but yet not feature time as a nice certain wagering family home a results of for their active measures with living. The online port match positive aspects others through an added bonus to get testing out the success. Contrary to a few other crit online sites, people today does inline opinions – it happens to be much like through an forex trading broker experience your complete the task – and also I just found you aquire far more trustworthy crits as opposed to the moment you’re in a face-to-face real-life review group.

domain: entertainment


- Facing the Climate Crisis
- Brisbane CBD
- North Brisbane Bikeway
- Chermside to Aspley Bikeway
- Brickyard Road Bridge
- Kedron Brook Bikeway
- Bridgeman Downs
- Moreton Bay Cycleway
Facing the Climate Crisis
Two weeks after the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sounded a Code Red for Humanity, we mustn’t kid ourselves that climate change is just another problem with unpopular solutions that we’ll muddle through as we always do.
Brisbane City Council patting themselves on the head for addressing climate change by making their own operations carbon-neutral* is like claiming they’re addressing homelessness by ensuring that every council employee has a desk.
Their goal should be to help the city be carbon neutral, not just running council business in a carbon-neutral way. They control important levers that determine what transport people adopt (eg. walking and cycling versus driving for short trips), as well as other planning and land-use decisions that determine the scale of the urban heat island effect, and whether people living in Brisbane have access to facilities to cope with heat and storms.
The recent IPCC Report on Climate Change makes it clear: this is a challenge for all of humanity. “The viability of our societies depends on leaders from government, business and civil society uniting behind policies, actions and investments that will limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius.” We must act decisively, and act now.
[*Even that is only achieve by purchasing credits from overseas.]
You can read more about Brisbane City Council’s efforts to make their own operations carbon neutral on their website. To be clear: this is all commendable. Our point is that it is not enough for BCC to make their own operations net carbon neutral, their role (together with the state and federal governments) should be to help all residents and businesses in Brisbane dramatically reduce our carbon footprint. The bonus is that by taking those necessary steps, we will at the same time be creating a healthier and more liveable city.
In our sister city of Auckland, road transport modes are responsible for 35% of the city’s climate-altering emissions. This article makes the case that to reduce pressure on our roads and environment, drivers should face a charge that more closely reflects the actual cost of driving. That is, the cost of clogged roads, air pollution, climate change, injury and death. The additional revenue could then be invested in improving the public transport and expanding the network of cycleways. All of this would result in fewer cars on the road, faster travel times for everyone and less need for more expensive road building and maintenance. A win for the city and the planet.
In the UK, 6.7% of the working population is now commuting by bike, while the broader modal share appears to have hit 3%. That’s a sharp rise from previous years, which can partially be explained by people’s reluctance to return to public transport during the pandemic, but also because London and other major centres have invested heavily in protected cycleways on main roads, slower speeds on other streets, low traffic neighbourhoods, and discouraging driving into the city centre via congestion charging.
It’s also interesting to note during Queensland Road Safety Week, that the population-adjusted rate of deaths and serious injuries in the UK is less than one quarter of that in Australia.
It’s good to see that Brisbane City Council are prepared to make small improvements as part of the CityLink Cycleway trial in the CBD. You might have noticed that they recently re-introduced a left-turn lane for general traffic from Edward St into Margaret St. This involved shortening the bus stop, moving a concrete island, and reducing the space available for bikes to queue. We think that should still work OK with the signal timing which will clear bikes ahead of the left turn signal.
However we think a further improvement which is urgently required at this intersection is to move the route for bikes and scooters heading towards the Botanical Gardens so that they cross Margaret St first (with a longer light cycle, since there is no right-turning traffic), and then cross Edward St. The current arrangement unnecessarily delays bike and scooter traffic when there are no other vehicles on Edward St.
On the opposite corner of the CBD, could this be a pop-up protected bike lane on Herschel St?? If so, it would fill a critical missing link between the western suburbs and the heart of the CBD.
If it were a protected bikeway though, we could expect breathless articles in the daily tabloid about how the “loss of parking” was sending CBD businesses to the wall and causing traffic snarls back to Logan. Perhaps the reason we haven’t heard anything is that it’s just a private developer co-opting this public space to facilitate their construction project. Nothing to see here.
Maybe we could ask the developers to fill their witches hats with concrete and screw them down when they’re done??
North Brisbane Bikeway
Just north of the CBD, we’re champing at the bit for the re-opening of the North Brisbane Bikeway between O’Connell Tce and Campbell St, Bowen Hills. The new path behind the Wren Medical Precinct looks good, but we’re disappointed that the top of the path was not improved at the same time. We assume that is on land controlled by TMR.
Also, at the bottom of the hill, it appears there will still be an awkward turn onto the footpath to reach the (narrow) crossing over Campbell St. With the increasing popularity of the North Brisbane Bikeway thanks to some good investment on the sections further north, this piece is looking rather second-rate.
Chermside to Aspley Bikeway
This week, Council’s Transport Committee (previously the Public and Active Transport Committee) had a presentation on the North Brisbane Bikeway section between Webster Rd and Nevin St, Aspley.
This project was completed between 6 April and 23 July this year, thanks to a $2.1million grant from the Queensland Government under their COVID Works for Queensland program. The new section is 900m in total, around 75% of which is on-road along the Gympie Rd service road, where there have been speed platforms, traffic islands, and build-outs installed to slow traffic and discourage rat-running.
At the southern end, there is a 3m wide shared path around the Aspley Lions Park, including a raised priority crossing at the carpark driveway (nice!).
At the northern end of the service road, a new 3m wide shared path connects though to Nevin St. We’re keen to see a plan for what happens from there, as the crossing at Nevin St is… ordinary.
Cr Sri asked the question which has been on our minds: What is the speed limit for the Gympie Rd service road, given that the traffic calming devices recommend 20kph? The answer: it will be 40kph—although it wasn’t clear if that change has yet been implemented. (When we checked earlier in July, it was still signed as 50kph). We would prefer the speed was further lowered to 30kph, to make it more comfortable for people of all ages and abilities to ride, and to help discourage non-local traffic. But at 40kph, with the traffic management, it should still be a big improvement.
If you’ve ridden this new bikeway connection, how was your experience, and are you comfortable to cycle there with your family?
Brickyard Road Bridge
This has left us shaking our heads: Last month we posted about the replacement of the bridge over Downfall Creek at the end of Brickyard Road, Geebung. We assumed this was needed because the old road bridge was falling into disrepair, and there was a risk of losing this handy link from Bilsen Rd through to the Downfall Creek Bikeway, Virginia Station, and the underpass towards Banyo and Nudgee. This is an important connection for people wanting to avoid busy Sandgate and Toombul Roads.
The bridge replacement was funded under “Bridges and Culverts Reconstruction and Rehabilitation” over two years, for a total of $1.3 million. So we’re stunned to see that the new bridge is only 1.8m wide, and has signs advising cyclists to dismount.
Bridges in much less strategic locations, carrying far less cycle and pedestrian traffic have been built to higher standards. We have no idea why a decision has been made to spend over a million dollars of public money on infrastructure that effectively downgrades an existing facility to something that doesn’t even safely cater for current usage.
Council’s own web site notes “The Brickyard Road pedestrian bridge has been identified as a key active transport infrastructure facility. The bridge provides an important link between Virginia and Geebung across Downfall Creek and facilitates access to Virginia State School, Downfall Creek Dog Park and popular walking and cycling paths.” Why would they choose to downgrade this “key active transport infrastructure facility” to something which does not meet basic requirements for a shared path?
Thanks to Brisbane North BUG and Airport BUG for calling this out. Our best hope is that perhaps the bridge can be modified by adding a wider deck so that it becomes fit for purpose.
Kedron Brook Bikeway
In brighter news, we were delighted to discover some improvements to the Kedron Brook Bikeway at Stafford on the weekend. The section between the bridge west of Webster Rd and Royal Parade—through Grange Forest Park and past the Mornington St Dog Park—has been replaced with a nice smooth, 3m wide path. Now it’s much easier for everyone to share this popular path: walkers, runners, bike riders of all ages, and dogs taking their owners on a lead to the park.
There’s also good news from Bridgeman Downs, where the path across Cabbage Tree Creek linking the Cabbage Tree Creek Bikeway to Idonia Street is now completed and open ahead of schedule.
Speaking of path improvements, West BUG report that the pathway between Wyndarra Street and Moggill Road in Kenmore was recently cleaned and the retaining wall improved to prevent mud and dirt washing onto the path during wet weather. Cr Greg Adermann confirmed that this work was done by Brisbane City Council to improve safety. Anyone who’s ridden this path after a storm will know how slippery it can get with leaf litter, mud and silt on the path. So this is a nice improvement.
Chris also asked about the long desired widening of this path and removal of the banana bars, and Cr Adermann assures us that this is on the capital works list. It’s a really important and well used link, and the safest way to get between Rafting Ground Road and the Centenary Cycleway via Kersley Road, and it’s something we’ve been lobbying for for a number of years. Unfortunately it’s not funded for 2021-22, but if you agree this is an important link to improve, make sure you let Greg know so he can lobby for it to be included in the 2022-23 budget. The squeaky chain gets the oil!
Moreton Bay Cycleway
This one is just outside of Brisbane, but worth celebrating: Congratulations to the Moreton Bay Regional Council for the separated cycle path at Clontarf. As you can see in this ride through it’s practically complete, just needs some grass and some paint put down.
Having separate pathways for pedestrians and people riding bicycles makes it safer for everyone.
Finally, don’t forget that it’s magpie swooping season. You might find one of our feathered friends keen to remind you… Here’s Chris with a good demonstration of keeping calm and in control, and why that matters:


Congress legislators in touch with BJP: Randhir Sharma
Scaling up its tirade against chief minister Virbhadra Singh, after the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) raided his private residence among other places for his alleged involvement in disproportionate assets case, the Bharatiya Janata Party on Saturday caused flutters in the political circles claiming that a group of Congress legislatures were in touch with party.punjab Updated: Oct 03, 2015 17:01 IST
Scaling up its tirade against chief minister Virbhadra Singh, after the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) raided his private residence among other places for his alleged involvement in disproportionate assets case, the Bharatiya Janata Party on Saturday caused flutters in the political circles claiming that a group of Congress legislatures were in touch with party.
The BJP legislators are meeting on Monday to chalk out a strategy to oust Virbhadra Singh government in the wake of the registration of an FIR against him.
The BJP legislators will meet governor Acharya Dev Vrat and submit a memorandum demanding sacking of the Congress-led state government.
“Sizeable number of Congress legislators, who are unhappy with the functioning of the CM, are in touch with the BJP,” said BJP spokesman Randhir Sharma, alleging that the CM has lost moral grounds to continue in office.
“The FIR and subsequent raids have already established Virbhadra Singh’s involvement in the case. Owing moral responsibility, he himself should have stepped down,” he said.
Accusing him of using the entire party and the government to defend him before the party high command, Sharma said: “It proves that the CM just wants to remain in power and affect the probe against him.”
“BJP had been decrying the lack of progress in the state but its ironical that since last one week the entire government is camping in Delhi to defend the CM,” he added.
Castigating the Congress, Sharma said that the cases against Virbhadra Singh were registered against the United Progressive Alliance government and not during National Democratic Alliance regime. “Virbhadra Singh stepped down from ministry during the UPA regime. Had the NDA government been vindictive against him, the party would not have taken 16 months to register an FIR. We would have done this just within 15 days.
BJP denied that the party had any prior information about the raids on Virbhadra Singh’s houses. “It’s strange that Virbhadra Singh has different yardsticks for himself and different for his opponents. It’s wrong to blame finance minister Arun Jaitely or Hamirpur Lok Sabha member Anurag Thakur for the CBI raids,” he said.
“Earlier, the Congress did not let the house function on the pretext that external affairs minister Sushma Swaraj had tried to help a man whose wife was suffering from cancer and now it’s silent. The entire party should have united on the issue of corruption, he added.
Congress legislators in Delhi meet Birender Singh
A group of Congress legislators, led by health minister Kaul Singh Thakur also called on rural development minister Choudhary Birender Singh in Delhi. Kaul along with others have been camping in Delhi to submit memorandum to President Pranab Mukherjee and AICC president Sonia Gandhi. Birender Singh was in charge of the Congress affairs for Himachal Pradesh before he joined BJP ahead of the Lok Sabha elections.


text:
Infect Ecol Epidemiol 10 (1) 1768023 [2020-05-25; online 2020-05-25]
The environment is an integral component of human and animal health. COVID-19 is a global health challenge in the twenty-first century. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and its spread to regional countries and nowadays affecting more than 210 countries worldwide represents the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus. The COVID-19 pandemic has huge impacts on most aspects of human activities, as well as on the economy and health care systems. Lock-downs, quarantines and border closures in the wake of the pandemic have led to reductions in air pollution through decreased travel and production. These positive environmental effects are likely mostly temporary, but may serve as an example that changes in our way of life can have prompt positive effects for the environment and demonstrate the usefulness of travel-reducing measures such as teleconferencing. Thus, acknowledging that COVID-19 is first and foremost a global disaster, the pandemic may inspire to future behavioral changes with positive environmental effects.

domain: literature


text:
Online Balboa Dance Lesson Pack: Classic Balboa Figures (6 lessons)
Title: Classic Balboa Figures
The moves in this pack have stood the test of time and are still cited as favorites by modern dancers, though their genesis was among the original swing era Balboa dancers. Learn these classic steps for your own enlightenment, to deepen your understanding of the dance, and to explore some timeless dance floor magic.
Dance genre: Balboa

domain: library


The new RS e-tron GT is already faster than the V10 R8, so why not?
There are potentially crucial changes on the way at opposite ends of Audi's lineup in the near future. Last week, it was revealed that the tiny Audi A1 city car - not sold in North America - could be discontinued as other products from the Volkswagen Group in the same segment are proving to be extremely popular. However, a new A2 EV is reportedly in the works.
For the foreseeable future, though, the A3 Sedan remains the most affordable Audi in the US. However, one possibility that would affect US customers is the potential arrival of a new Audi R8 with an all-electric powertrain.
This new information was gleaned from a chat that Top Gear had with Markus Duesmann, Audi's boss who is also in charge of R&D. When asked if the third-generation R8 could morph into an electric car, he said: "That wasn't the original idea. But it could make sense. We could do it if we wanted to."
The idea is especially feasible when one considers that the R8 is already built on the same production line as the sleek new e-tron GT. According to Audi, the top-spec RS e-tron GT can hit 60 mph in 3.1 seconds, making it even faster than the V10-powered R8.
With two fewer doors, it doesn't take a whizz to figure out that an R8 with the same powertrain as the RS e-tron GT would be a breathtakingly quick supercar. Duessmann didn't expand on when an all-electric R8 could possibly see the light of day, but a more gentle transition to that model may be an R8 hybrid, something that Audi hinted at last year.
The possible R8 EV could benefit from Project Artemis, a new business unit with a focus on developing new technologies. This project will initially launch a new Audi, as well as a Bentley and a Porsche. While an R8 EV without a howling engine note is hard to imagine, we'd rather have that around than say goodbye to the R8 nameplate entirely.


text:
My Mate's Place Hostel Gili
Crazy and fun party hostel with a huge, buzzing social area. During the day, you can chill here with other travellers, play social games and drink your favourite cocktail. In the evening, friendly staff will take you for a night out, and show the main party spots on the island. And after the crazy night, there will be a free tasty breakfast waiting for you.
Average dorm price: 13.2 €
M Box Hostel Gili
M Box has buzzing common areas where you can have a fun game of beer pong while enjoying your favourite drink. There is an amazing on-site bar, with cheap beer and cocktails. From the moment you enter the place, you will feel the nice vibes and sense of a chill community.
Average dorm price: 9.0 €
Gili Castle Hostel
In Gili Castle, the party is on 24/7. You can party by the pool, challenge a 6-meter tall climbing wall and then jump into the pool. Crazy ha? There is a vibrant on-site bar where you can enjoy day and night parties with amazing deals on drinks. Well-located, near the local restaurants and beach bars.
Average dorm price: 11.4 €


Au comptoir modeste
Traveling mechanical cabaret
Counter poetry / Mechanical music / Gestural theater
Fixed show (flexible duration : between 60 and 120 minutes) /Capacity = 300 people
2 comedians + 1 technician
A guinguette or a “caboulot”.
In any case, we willingly serve you a drink.
On the bar there is a peanuts distributor,
but these are nuts (M10) instead of peanuts.
This bistro has a funny look of a mechanical cabaret.
Two characters move about on both sides.
One day, it will open, for sure.
And I guarantee that there will be things worse than kid’s dreams,
better than a drunkard’s nightmare.
Au comptoir modeste, it is :
– a creation planned for spring 2022,
– a fixed show for 2 actors and a giant music box,
– a variable geometry proposal made up of several thumbnails,
And also :
– a traveling mechanical cabaret open to other artists.
In July 2021, Pepe Martinez offered a theatrical concert to inaugurate this cabaret (see slideshow). A version available now !


text:
1. Mere Haseen Sathiya (Mangti - 1942) with Zeenat Begum
One of Rafi's first songs(probably his second song!), with another great singer - Zeenat Begum.
2. Aji Dil Ho Qabu Mein To (Village Girl -1945) with G. M. Durrani and chorus.
Rafi's first Hindi song, a duet with G. Mustafa Durrani. He sings for K. Nazir, who later was the husband of blockbuster Rattan's heroine Swarnalata. This song was composed by Shyam Sundar and sung in the Noorjehan starrer Village Girl/Gaon Ki Gori. In this movie all chorus singers are also awesome.
3. Haye Re Duniya (Zeenat - 1946) with Madam Noorjehan on screen.
This is one of best early songs. Even at the young age of 21, he sounded great. Music is by Meer Saheb and Hafiz Ali Khan Mastana, for the famous Noorjehan starrer Zeenat. Of course, Madam is lovely to watch. All songs in this movie are outstanding, including the famous first female Qawwali in films by Noorjehan, Zohrabai and Kalyani - Aahen Na Bhari.
4. Tera Khilona Toota Balak (Anmol Ghadi - 1946)
This song is for the Noorjehan starring blockbuster Anmol Ghadi, music by Naushad. Picturised on a toy-seller. Surprisingly a lot of Rafi's early songs are in Noorjehan's movies.
5. Yahan Badla Wafa Ka (Jugnu - 1947) with Madam Noorjehan, picturised on herself and Dilip Kumar.
Rafi's first song to become famous, a really lovely duet with then famous diva Malika-E-Tarannum or queen of melody Madam Noorjehan, sung for a young Dilip Kumar. Music by Feroze Nizami. Incidentally Rafi Sahab also played a small role in the film! Actually Durrani was supposed to sing the song, but Madam, impressed with Rafi, recommended and persuaded Feroze to make him sing the song.
6. Ye Zindgi Ke Mele (Mela - 1948)
A lovely number by a young Rafi, for the Dilip Kumar - Nargis starrer Mela, music by Naushad.
7. Waah Re Zamane Kya Rang Dikhaye (Ghar Ki Izzat - 1948)
Another really wonderful melody by Rafi in the Dilip Kumar-Mumtaz Shanti starrer Ghar Ki Izzat. Composer Pandit Gobindram has utilised his voice well. This movie also has wonderful songs.
8. Nadiya Mein Utha Hain (Babul - 1950) with Shamshad Begum and Talat Mehmood
A very beautiful Rafi-Shamshad-Talat trio from Babul, Talat sings for Dilip Kumar, Shamshad Begum sings for Munawar Sultana(a lesser known actress whom I like) and Rafi sings for a fisherman. Superb musical score by Naushad.
9. Suhani Raat Dhal Chuki (Dulari - 1949)
A touching "waiting" song by Rafi for Suresh in Dulari, with great music by Naushad.
10. Toot Gaya Haye (Magroor - 1950) with Rajkumari and Shamshad Begum, two melody queens
A lovely trio in Magroor with Shamshad and Rajkumari. Very nice musical score by Sajjad Hussain. A very astounding and rare combination of a young and beautiful Meena Kumari and Rajkumari! Shamshad sings for Nigar Sultana and Rafi sings for quite a young and good-looking Rehman.
11. Hum Banjare Sang Hamare (Sajan - 1947) with Zohrabai Ambalewali
A very rare and pleasing duet of Rafi and melody queen Zohrabai Ji, lovely music by Chitalkar Ramachandra, inspired by Arabian Music.
12. Aansoo Thi Meri (Bikhre Moti - 1951) with Amirbai Karnataki
Two melody rulers come together - melody king Rafi and Kannada Kokila (i. e. Nightingale of Karnataka) Amirbai Karnataki Ji. A good musical score by Ghulam Mohammed, who made Rafi sing some rare duets.
13. Kehdo Hamen Na Beqarar Kare (Sabak - 1950) with Surinder Kaur
Awesome duet by Rafi and Surinder Kaur, music by the great Ustad Alla Rakha.
14. Hue Ham Jinke Liye Barbaad (Deedar - 1951)
Quite a famous and great melody by Rafi Sahab on Dilip Kumar in Deedar, also starring Ashok Kumar and Nargis. Nice music by Naushad.
15. Tu Ganga Ki Mauj Main Jamuna Ka Dhara (Baiju Bawra - 1952)
A true classic picturised on Bharat Bhushan in the famous Baiju Bawra, music by Naushad.
16. Insaf Ka Mandir Hai Ye Bhagwan Ka Ghar Hai (Amar - 1954)
A nice and devotional song in Amar, music by Naushad and Dilip Kumar, Madhubala and Nimmi on screen.
17. O Door Ke Musafir (Uran Khatola - 1955)
A really touching melody, music by Naushad and Dilip Kumar and Nimmi on screen.
18. Saathi Haath Badhana (Naya Daur - 1957) with Asha Bhonsle
A lively and arising duet with Asha, another melody queen. Music by O.P.Nayyar.
19. Madhuban Mein Radhika Nache Re (Kohinoor - 1960)
One of my all-time favourite Rafi songs, a classical sung with great perfection, splendid music by Naushad and picturised on Dilip Kumar (at his best as always) and Kumkum's lovely dance, also Meena Kumari stars in this movie. Such was Dilip Sahab's devotion to his carrier that he injured his hands trying to really play the Sitar. Also Mukri sings some lines very nicely and I like that a lot.
20. Chaudhvin Ka Chand Ho Ya Aaftab Ho (Chaudhvin Ka Chand - 1960)
Beautiful song and super imagery, music by Ravi. The movie stars Guru Dutt and Waheeda Rehman.
And here ends my tribute to the indisputable Rafi. You shall eternally be remembered, Rafi Sahab!


text:
English 299 is a gateway course to the English major. It is a rigorous introduction to disciplinary research and writing and to the skills and methods requisite to those activities. More generally, it is designed to help students understand what it is that the major offers and what we expect students to do in and with it. This semester we will address three basic questions: (1) how the texts we read are created, transmitted, and received; (2) how we respond to, understand, and write about those texts; and (3) why we do what we do with texts and what value these activities provide and what functions they serve both inside and outside of the academy. The skills you learn will be applied on your own in other classes or in a variety of future careers since they translate very effectively into the work world.
Texts will include guides to research, citation, and literary theory. We will apply the research and theoretical methods to short fiction, a novel, and poetry, spending approximately five weeks on each. Students will learn how to read from a variety of critical perspectives and how to enrich those readings by exploring the textual, historical, and cultural contexts of the works. Please contact me for information about specific readings.
Students must purchase the exact editions listed below; Ebook versions are not acceptable for this course:
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. MLA, 2009. ISBN-10: 1603290249.
Parker, Robert. How to Interpret Literature: Critical Theory for Literary and Cultural Studies. 2d ed. Oxford UP, 2011.
ISBN-10: 019975750X or ISBN-13: 978-0199757503
Baker, Nancy L. and Nancy Huling. A Research Guide for Undergraduate Students. 6th ed. MLA, 2007.
Eirik the Red and Other Icelandic Sagas, ed. Gwyn Jones. Oxford World Classic, 1999. ISBN 10: 0192835300
or 13: 978-0192835307.
LeGuin Ursula, “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas” (short story to be provided).
Selected poems and critical essays (to be provided).
Back to Courses


text:
Saturday, 29 April 2017
Last updated 17 hours ago
Jun 2 2010 | 12:31pm ET
In a month that saw most hedge funds struggle to keep losses to a minimum, one New York-based firm bucked the trend, gaining 20% in May.
Continental Capital Advisors, which was co-founded in March 2009 by a pair of former analysts at long/short hedge fund Pilot Advisors, welcomed the volatility in May that brought so many of its peers to their knees. The hedge fund is now up 6% year-to-date.
"Our strategy is to capitalize on asset price deflation using several instruments—currencies, commodities, equities globally—currently that's a long-bias toward precious metals, while we short largely domestic-only U.S. companies," Daniel Aaronson, co-founder and portfolio manager of the firm, told FINalternatives. "The problem started with America and it's going to end with America, so that's where we want to be attacking on the short side."
The pair's core thesis is that the Dow Jones Industrial Average and gold will equal 1 to 1. "It happened in 1932 at that bear market bottom and in 1980 at that bear market bottom...with gold at 1,200 today and the Dow at 10,000, our core thesis is that they probably meet around 5,000, so we will be able to profit significantly from the Dow falling from 10,000 to 5,000 and gold rising from 1,200 to 5,000," says Lee Markowitz, co-founder and portfolio manager of the firm.
It hasn't been all roses for the fund, which last year declined 9% and is down 3% since inception, but Markowitz points out that the fund has outperformed the increase in the Dow-to-gold ratio by 16%.
"As May shows, we are really a great hedge and insurance policy to anyone's portfolio," says Markowitz, adding that the bulk of his net worth and that of his partner are invested in the fund. "Where other people shy away from volatility, we really embrace it, because we are so certain of our views and our research that we will use the volatility to our advantage as we saw in our May performance."
Continental Capital uses Grace Financial Group as is prime broker and Yulish & Associates as its administrator.

domain: news


text:
Ever come to church and wondered how to donate through direct deposit? Watch this short video to learn how and more!
How do I register for direct deposit?
You will need to follow these steps:
- Fill out a register form with your personal and banking information. This form will be either stapled with the church bulletin or you can pick it up at the back of the church.
- Choose donation option. You can donate through envelopes or direct deposit. This will include the frequency of donations, amount you wish to donate, etc.
- Return the form. Submit your form to the church office.
Why should I consider direct deposits?
Direct deposits require less work, with more advantages! Your consistent donations will allow us to improve your church experience. You will also receive a tax receipt which you can use for your income tax declaration and you will earn credit card points as well.
How do I stop my donations? How long will it take?
You will only need to provide the parish a written consent with your name and envelope number. This will be processed in approximately two weeks.
Where can I find the registration form?
It will be either stapled with the church bulletin or you can find it at the back of the church.
How frequent are the donations?
It is completely up to you.
Is there a minimum amount I am required to donate?
No, you can donate any amount.
How much can I get back using my tax receipt?
You can get 10%-20% of your donation back.
Do you accept MasterCard and VISA?
Yes, we do! This means that you can earn points when donating.
Do I have to use direct deposit?
No. You can still use the envelopes found in the pews to donate.
For any further questions, please contact our church secretary through email at email@example.com.

domain: finance


text:
Because he's the batman.
That is not the case with Mr. Wayne who has undergone far greater personal trauma. So a fully prepped Batman could conceivably beat her.
When it comes to raw strength, Superman is more likely to outmatch Captain Marvel. However, though both characters are great heroes, the nature of their powers also makes them some of the more unstoppable characters in their respective universes. Lol Batman FTW!!! Also Batman would probably win with prep really easily. This likely means that if Captain America puts him in a tight spot, Batman will go for alternatives such as ranged attacks, running away from a battle that he is losing, special poisonous compounds and other methods, which Steve would never deem worthy of respect. RELATED: Captain Marvel: The 10 Biggest Threats That Carol Danvers Has Ever Defeated. and managed to defeat all kinds of villains, but Captain Marvel’s complicated backstory really helps her to connect with others in the Marvel universe as well as readers in the real world. Round 1: Captain Marvel Round 2: Captain Marvel.
DC: Harley Quinn's Major Relationship Romances, Ranked, Squirrel Girl: 5 DC Villains She Could Defeat (& 5 She'd Lose To), Batman: Every Film & TV Appearance of Harley Quinn, Ranked, 5 Superpowers Darkseid Has Over Anti-Monitor (& 5 He Doesn't), 10 Villains Who Broke Batman (& What They Did To Him), Terminal Punks #1 Is a Bloody, Punk-Infused Commentary On Capitalism, Dark Nights: Death Metal - Infinite Hour Exxxtreme Puts Lobo in the Spotlight, Wolverine: Black, White & Blood Lives Up to Its Sanguine Title, Victor and Nora Shows the Heart of Gotham's Most Tragic Romance, Sweet Tooth: The Return Continues Jeff Lemire's Acclaimed Series, Tales from the Dark Multiverse: Batman - Hush Weaves a Nightmarish Vision of Gotham, Batman: 5 Worst Tragedies He's Suffered (& 5 He's Prevented), Marvel: The 10 Most Powerful Henchmen, Ranked, DC: Poison Ivy's Greatest Displays Of Power, Ranked, Three Jokers: 5 Things Fans Loved (& 5 Things They Hated), 10 Best Graphic Novels Of All Time, According To GoodReads, Batman: 10 Non-Canon Stories Every Fan Should Read, Batman: 5 Reasons He Could Beat The Avengers Solo (& 5 He Can't), 10 Things About Grant Morrison's Batman That Only Make Sense If You've Read Silver Age Comics, DC: Everything You Didn't Know About Arkham Asylum's History, 9 Harley Quinn Ships Other Than The Joker, DC: 5 Ways Batman: Death In The Family Is The Best (& 5 It's Death Of The Family), 5 Ways Homelander In Amazon's The Boy's Is Comics-Accurate (& 5 How He's Different).
0 ... She tanked a fall from space with no damage Batman literally can't hurt her.
Considering his track record though, it is easy to see how he can have yet another advantage over Captain Marvel. Granted, Kree DNA does come with benefits that even Kryptonian DNA doesn’t have, meaning that either character could be victorious depending on the scenario.
For years, both characters have been putting forth their best efforts to make the world a better place in some way, which makes it easy to see why both are so popular.
Because of this, it is interesting to think about how one would fare against the other. Cyborg 3. Furthermore, Batman has been susceptible to injury and has died in many more of his comic-book stories than Captain America has. Tessaract-powered Kree tech vs. the DCEU versions of the Justice League, in order: 1. This means that regardless of Cap's strength, Bruce will know the right counter-attack for each one of his strikes. Of course, both characters have great personalities that make them easy to love, but Captain Marvel’s journey has definitely taught her some things that Superman wouldn’t understand. Batman wouldn't even be able to use the ring, Geoff John's rectonned any random person being able to use properly and Batman without training wouldn't be able to uitlize Hals's ring. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Robinhood is giving viewers a free stock at http://battle.robinhood.Blue Apron: Get $60 off at http://blueapron.com/battleNote: There's a slight mix-up in the script. Unlike characters like Batman or Iron Man, Superman and Captain Marvel don’t obsess over certain details or craft master plans down to every possibility. Superman: 10 Most Iconic Supporting Characters From The Comics. But, knowing Captain Marvel, he'll still be able to somewhat fight off the Dark Rage, distracting him from Batman, the Green Lantern. Furthermore, the proof is in the pudding - Cap can't build advanced weaponry or sustain a business empire the way Bruce does. If BFR is allowed, the first one easily goes to Batman. While Superman may have a massive advantage when it comes to his time served as a hero, Captain Marvel has still had far more opportunities within her story that still give her an advantage. That means that he can throw it and hurt Batman or his gadgets and vehicles from a large distance and then quickly retrieve it to protect himself from whatever The Caped Crusader throws at him. Robinhood is giving viewers a free stock at http://battle.robinhood. Batman has given up. Well, Batman with Superman's powers.....Here's how you have to look at it, Batman has defeated Superman without powers, and Superman is considered to be leveled with Captain Marvel, except for the magical abilities.
Batman VS Captain America is the 36th episode of DEATH BATTLE!, featuring Batman from DC Comics and Captain America from Marvel Comics in a battle between peak-condition human heroes.
Who Would Win?
Since she first got her powers, the character has constantly been evolving and growing into the best possible version of herself.
As far as Cap is concerned that would be an unfair advantage - he didn't build his shield, suit or body. Both characters' abilities are based on energy absorption, which means that they can only last as long as they have a power supply from which to choose. Batman has completely mastered both. When it comes down to it, both characters are actually pretty evenly matched. A one-stop shop for all things video games.
However complicated her history may be, it is part of why so many fans are drawn to her in the first place. She no sold reentry, how is Bats even scratching her? Both Superman and Captain Marvel are some of the most powerful characters in their respective universes and for good reason. The Dark Knight is morally fallible, especially when compared to Steve Rogers. Superman Vs Sentry: Who Is Really Stronger? Deyan Angelov is a writer and short film director based in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. As for the second, well, I think the picture speaks for itself (or at least its caption does). That's not to say that the two lack intelligence by any means, as both are still quite smart. Well the way I see it in how its even is that Superman is vunlerable to magic and C.M has the wisdom of Solomon (whatever that means). © 2020 GAMESPOT, A RED VENTURES COMPANY. He has graduated from the University of Royal Holloway and is currently a writer in training for Comic Book Resources. Forum Posts. Kryptonian DNA may be more capable than Kree DNA, but the two are pretty evenly matched when it comes to using their powers. With several factors in mind for each of them, here are our thoughts on Superman vs Captain Marvel, and who would win in a fight. Everyone knows that if you want to beat Batman, you have to go all the way.
MCU Captain Marvel vs Arkham Batman CocaColaMan.
NEXT: Who Would Win? RELATED: Black Panther VS. Batman: Who's The Better Billionaire Superhero. The Dark Knight can bombard Captain America with all kinds of technological terrors but that still won't change the fact that Steve Rogers is in possession of the ultimate tool - an almost indestructible shield.
Tim Hortons Timbits Menu, Razer Junglecat S20 Ultra, All That You Can't Leave Behind Meaning, Do Earwigs Fly, Charles Schwab Nerd Program Salary, Background Synonym Resume, Star Bedding Twin Xl, What Is Lateral Pressure In Liquids, Asher Name Popularity Uk, Prediabetes Diet Foods To Avoid, Leading Someone On In A Relationship, Coconut Tree Medicine, Voice Activated Mobile Phones For The Blind, Reckless Racing 1, Samsung Jv7 Charger, Please Inform All Concerned Accordingly, Thunder Bay Trails, Teaching English As A Second Language Pdf, U2 New Album 2018, Ultra Light Down Alternative Comforter, Leg Extension At Home, Trials Rising Gold Edition, E: The Story Of A Number, Helicopter Search And Rescue Jobs, Few Sentence About Puppy, Red Obelisk Beech Diseases, Single Mattress Size,


text:
Infinity – Abiyamo Mp3 Download
Abiyamo by Infinity mp3 download
Infinity comes through with yet another new song titled “Abiyamo“ and it’s right here for your fast download.
Furthermore, you can download the song below:
Also, Follow us on Instagram @Weedmp3
Lastly and most importantly share this article!


text:
We strive to provide the kind of service that leaves you thrilled, happy, overly satisfied and wow’d in every way.
Read our current reviews from happy clients below.
“We never thought there could be someone who loves our baby girl as much as we do. I moved from NC to PA, worrying how I would take care of my girl without being able to come home mid-day. We’re very particular with who cares for her as we feel she deserves the very best, of course. Malley is a chocolate lab with lots of energy and love required. We were truly blessed to not only find someone to take Malley out once a day, but a company we could fully trust to come into our home each day, take Malley for an actual walk and show her the love and attention as we would. We love coming home to read the daily reports, knowing that our girl is taken care of. We’ve also been so lucky to experience how Malley interacts with her dog walker – it touches our hearts to see Malley so excited to see her! All of the dog walkers we’ve experienced through Pampered Petz have been absolutely amazing, but I must say her current walker has to be angel. It’s funny because I can just mention her name and Malley starts looking for her! We are also so very blessed that they are so flexible and patient with our ever-changing schedules. I can honestly say that I truly don’t know what we would do without them. Not only do I need them to care for Malley, but I don’t think I would want anyone else to care for her. I feel that Malley’s needs are taken care of, but most importantly, she has gained a forever friend through them. Pampered Petz is the only company I would recommend – they have been a blessing to us and most importantly, our baby girl, Malley.”
– Vanessa M., Malley, Dog Walking Client
“Pampered Petz is a Godsend for me! After being cat free for several years, I adopted a lovely kitty, Daisy, who was abandoned and then my travel schedule went into high gear. Kat and her team have been absolutely fabulous in caring for Daisy and dealing with her unusual litter box behavior as well as given her the loving attention she deserves while I’m away. I would recommend them to anyone needing caring, attentive pet services.”
– Susan, Daisy, Cat Sitting Client
“I have a 5 year old high energy pit bull named Oscar who needs a lot of attention, exercise and love. I thought he would be too much for someone to handle on their own, but Kat proved me wrong! I recently went away from three weeks and had Kat stay at my house the entire time to take care of Oscar and she was wonderful. It was so nice to know that he was at home and being cared for and not in a kennel.”
– Chris M., Oscar, Overnight Pet Care and Dog Walking Client
“My wife and I moved into Pottstown quickly and needed a pet sitter immediately. My wife found pampered petz. Kat and Hans have been fabulous. My boxer and american bull terrier love Hans. Hans goes above and beyond the call of duty. We have complete confidence knowing our dogs are in good hands. There has never been a time where they could not accommodate our busy schedule. Unfortunately we are moving again quickly, I hope I find another sitter as wonderful as Hans and Kat. We will truly miss them and I’m sure the dogs will also.”
– Dave and Beckey H. Max and Lilly., Dog Walking Client
“It’s a true vacation when you can go away and not worry at all about your best little pals being with a stranger or stuck in a kennel! I feel very comfortable leaving my cockapoo boys Buddy and Louie with Kat at my home, and I know they feel the same way! I know they will be safe, happy and well cared for. The house is in great shape when I get home.”
– Carol D., Overnight Pet Care Client
“We were looking for someone to walk our golden retriever puppy, Buddy, and found Pampered Petz after doing an online search for dog walkers/pet sitters in the Pottstown area. We have been so pleased with the service that Kat has provided. We have not only used her for daily walks, but also for overnight stays and evening feedings. She has been extremely accommodating to our schedule and very effective in working with Buddy as he goes through his challenging puppy phases. Kat has been with us since February and we consider ourselves lucky to have found her!”
– Brandy and Scott S., Dog Walking Client, Overnight Pet Care Client, Cat Sitting Client
“We have been using Pampered Petz since we moved into the area about 7 months ago, and couldn’t be happier! From the initial interaction with the friendly staff, we knew our dog was going to receive the best care. The set up process is quick, easy, and welcoming. The scheduling process is just as great. Penny, our dog walker has become a part of our family. She is reliable, loving, trustworthy, and helpful. She shows our dog so much love and leaves us detailed notes everyday about interaction. She always goes above and beyond… Bringing our packages inside when it’s raining, pulling our trashcans off the street, and cleaning up after our dog’s accident when she wasn’t feeling well. This company is so accommadating to last minute changes or adjustments, and always respond in a timely manner. There’s no other reason to choose another company/person to care for your pet because you won’t find anyone better than Pampered Petz.”
- Bobbie Jo M., Bella, Dog Walking Client
“Thank you & Lisa SO much for everything! Romeo seemed VERY content when my daughter & I returned yesterday afternoon! The value of that goes beyond words. Plus, my apt looked exactly the same as it did when I left! To leave no trace behind other than a happy, healthy pet-I KNOW that takes a lot of care & work & I appreciate it all! I’ll be sure to contact you again & will highly recommend you to anyone looking for the absolute best for their pets while they’re away! Many thanks again!”
– Susan H., Romeo, Cat Sitting Client
“Bonnie has taken care of my cats several times over the past year and I truly appreciate her care and concern with them. She was so caring and concerned when Chloe was ill and dying and she would come to give her medications when we had to go out of town. She always writes such nice notes letting us know what the cats were up to while we were gone. She takes the time to talk to them when she visits and I am sure this has been very assuring to my cats. I would highly recommend Pampered Petz and their caregivers.”
– Peg K., Isabella, Sebastian, and Snuggles
Pampered Petz Pet Sitting and Dog Walking services the following areas for dog walking, pet sitting, cat sitting, dog sitting, and overnight pet care: Pottstown, Limerick, Gilbertsville, Royersford, and parts of Collegeville.
Pampered Petz Pet Sitting and Dog Walking services the following zipcodes for dog walking, pet sitting, cat sitting, dog sitting, and overnight pet care: 19464, 19465, 19468, 19426, and 19525.

domain: pet


text:
Doris Z. Stone New World Archaeology Lectures
An anonymous gift to the AIA in 1992 established an endowment to support lectures on New World archaeology. After her death in 1997, the New World Archaeology Lecture Fund of the AIA was renamed for Doris Z. Stone, the original donor. Mrs. Stone, a lifetime member of the AIA, was active in the New Orleans Society. The fund currently supports ten lectures annually.
Read the Program's 2013 Annual Report to learn about its many activities this past year.
Congratulations to the AIA-Milwaukee Society—the winner of the 2012-2013 Best AIA Local Society Program online contest!
An update on the artifact conservation from the Queen Anne's Revenge Shipwreck

domain: history


text:
By REST API of DSS, I've got ric change history of CHUBA.OQ and CHUBK.OQ.
Both have somewhat strange histories, which is very short.
For CHUBA.OQ, if you see the 3rd part of History section, CHIAV.OQ had been lasted only for 3 min 45 sec(2016/07/25T01:24:08.000Z - 2016-07-25T01:27:53.000Z)
Similarly for CHUBK.OQ, CHIKV.OQ lasted for 3min 27sec(2016/07/25T01:28:20.000Z - 2016/07/25T01:31:47.000Z)
Why this kind of duplication is happend?
The RIC <CHIKV.OQ> was added to our database on 22nd Jul 2016 as per the notification received from the NASDAQ. However our content team has decide to change the RIC root of the instrument to have similar RIC roots for both Series A and Series C shares. Hence the new RIC roots <CHUBA> and <CHUBK> were added and replaced CHIKV which was immediately removed from the database.


text:
Friday, September 7, 2012
I never intended to be one of those crazy cat people.
I mean, I kind of used to be, over 10 years ago my last cat died. crazy story, maybe one day I'll tell you about it. But she was "Satan" to everyone else, "Patches" to us. I loved her.
Its literally been over 10 years since I've had a pet of any kind. Me, who grew up with almost any kind of pet or animal you can imagine. Minus a cow or iguana. Or did we have a lizard of somesort at one time? Sisters-imput?
So here I am. With a cat. And I am kind of excited to call this her birthday weekend. Does that make me a little crazy cat-lady-ish? maybe.
We never intended to keep her. We found her last year on labor weekend. Recovering from the madness of Maxwell Street Days ( flea market we do a booth at once a year as an entire family to sell our crap).At the in-laws. A lone tiny kitten who had been abandoned in the barn. No other kitties around. Not too far away was a mess of dead kittens. Could have been her litter; she could have been from a different litter. Maybe 2 weeks old. Maybe. We couldn't just leave her there. We even went through a whole ordeal to try to reunite her with her momma kitty, whoever she be.
But she remained unclaimed. So Bill and I took her home to give her a fighting chance. We got her a box, kitten milk, blankets, towels to wrap up in. We fed her from an eye-dropper, we litter trained her, etc. He always intended to take her back to the farm.
Then winter came and she was still so little. We'd keep her till the spring. So she could survive the winter.
Spring came. And it was over. We fell head over heels. Annie- who we now call "kitty"- is our kitty.
I worry about leaving her overnight with no one to play with her. I am ok with her sleeping at the foot of our bed. I love to cuddle her and chase her. Bill, too, even. I felt guilty getting her spayed.
She gave me a little bit of practice in caring for a helpless baby and a little bit of confidance in the human baby that was to come. She waits at the door for us when we come home. She gives us unconditional love. She brings life to the house. SHe is entertainment for the baby to watch.
She is part of the family.
Please dont' judge if she is in our Christmas photo.


text:
Oscar-winning illustrator, Gene Deitch, passed away at the age of 95, in his apartment in Prague on Thursday night. His Czech publisher, Petr Himmel confirmed his demise.
Though there were speculations that his death may have been related to Coronavirus, no such reports have been verified by his family and friends.
Born on August 8, 1924, in Chicago, Deitch spent some of his childhood days in California and attended school in Hollywood. He graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1942.
After his graduation, Deitch explored various work fields before establishing himself as an animator. He first began working for North American Aviation and also went for pilot training in 1943. He has also contributed to the covers and interior art of the jazz magazine The Record Changer. Further, he was also one of the early supporters and audio engineers for Connie Converse.
On a 10-day-trip to Prague in 1959, he fell in love with his wife, Zdenka and settled in Czechoslovakian capital and from there, he created some of his best works and achieved recognition globally.
Deitch is the man behind classics like Tom And Jerry and Popeye. He directed 13 episodes of Tom and Jerry between 1961 to 1962 and multiple episodes of Popeye The Sailor Man for King Features between 1960 and 1963. For Munro, he claimed the Academy award in the short category and has also received a nomination for an Oscar in 1958 for Sydney’s Family Tree.
Gene Deitch is also critically acclaimed for his animated feature adapted from Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland.
Amongst several other recognitions from across the globe, he has received the Winsor McCay Award for his lifelong contribution to animation in 2004.


ESSENTIALS COLORBLOCK HOODED SWEATSHIRT
A HOODED PULLOVER MADE FOR COMFORT.
Take it outside. This adidas hooded sweatshirt brings cosy comfort to your cold-weather workout. Cotton fleece falls soft against your skin. Big blocks of colour and an adidas logo make it pop.
3 in stock
- Regular fit
- Drawcord-adjustable hood
- 70% cotton, 30% recycled polyester fleece
- Classic pullover hoodie
- Long sleeves with ribbed cuffs
- We partner with the Better Cotton Initiative to improve cotton farming globally; This hoodie is made with recycled polyester to save resources and decrease emissions
- Product colour: Dark Grey Heather / Black / Purple Tint
- Product code: FL0151
- 5 Stars
- 4 Stars
- 3 Stars
- 2 Stars
- 1 Stars
If you finish the payment today, your order will arrive within the estimated delivery time.


text:
You’ve seen the Outstanding Beauty Looks and our Best Dressed List from last Sunday’s Ocean’s 8 “MET Gala” Themed Premiere at the Filmhouse Cinemas, Lekki – an event that’s certainly at the top of our “Fashion Events of The Year” list. Now, it’s time for the red carpet photos.
The MET Gala theme wouldn’t be complete without the iconic Metropolitan Museum steps, home to all the fabulous photos we see from the real MET Gala year after year. At the premiere, fabulous guests took turns to re-create an iconic fashion moment with the theme. See all the photos below.
Photo Credit: Filmhouse Cinemas, Korode Joseph | @3188studios


Tera Lynn Childs revealed the cover to the third book in her Sweet Venom series, Sweet Legacy, earlier today on her blog. And I think it's absolutely GORGEOUS, my favorite of the series. Check it out:
Now check it out next to the other covers in the series:
What do you all think? We'd love to hear!


text: A classic 3-bean salad using fresh green and wax beans. I use Westbreae Organic Salad Beans instead of just kidney beans for the canned beans. It is a mix of kidney, pinto and garbanzo beans. I guess that makes this a 5 bean salad... I suggest eating this on the same day. This is still tasty the next day, but the color of the green beans will change over time. Please note that the cooking time includes the 1 hour of marinating.

domain: food


text:
Citation: Glunt KD, Blanford JI, Paaijmans KP (2013) Chemicals, Climate, and Control: Increasing the Effectiveness of Malaria Vector Control Tools by Considering Relevant Temperatures. PLoS Pathog 9(10): e1003602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003602
Editor: Glenn F. Rall, The Fox Chase Cancer Center, United States of America
Published: October 3, 2013
Copyright: © 2013 Glunt et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was supported by start-up funds awarded by The Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal, and by grant number R21 AIO88094 from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Malaria vector control currently relies almost exclusively on killing adult mosquitoes with chemical insecticides. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), and indoor residual sprays (IRS) aim to repel, disable, and/or kill mosquitoes on contact. While these tools have proven to be extremely successful in reducing disease incidence and mortality , insecticide resistance is on the rise and a resurgence of malaria is feared . To mitigate the effects of resistance, the development of new insecticides and formulations for use in LLINs and for IRS remains a research priority . In this paper we argue that, to increase the effectiveness of the chemical arsenal available, we need to consider the relevant microclimatic conditions in which these tools are deployed. We will discuss how temperature in particular can interact with the conventional use of chemicals within houses, and broaden our discussion to consider its potential influence on the use of semiochemicals to lure mosquitoes to traps.
Test Temperatures Are Higher Than Mosquitoes Typically Experience in the Field
The World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES), which promotes and coordinates the testing and evaluation of pesticides for public health, specifies laboratory conditions in their guidelines for testing mosquitocidal compounds and products. The recommended temperatures for phase I trials are 25±2°C for testing of LLINs  and 27±2°C for IRS and treated bednets .
Though temperatures are standardized to improve the reliability and reproducibility of the tests, the ranges chosen are only observed in small geographical areas of sub-Saharan Africa, mainly directly south of the desert (Figure 1, top row). In most malaria transmission settings, the observed mean temperatures range from approximately 18 (cooler highland areas) to 26°C.
Outdoor monthly mean (top row) and minimum (second row) temperatures. Temperature surfaces were generated by interpolation using weather station data collected between 1960 and 1990. For areas where data records were limited, such as in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the time period was extended to 2000 (see  for details). The current geographical limits of malaria transmission are demarcated by the dotted lines. Indoor monthly mean (third row) and minimum (bottom row) temperatures. Indoor temperature estimates were determined using regression equations that capture the relationship between indoor and outdoor temperatures at different elevations. These regressions were used to convert the outdoor temperature surfaces to matching estimates of indoor temperatures (see  for more detailed information).
Even more importantly, many vectors of malaria are actively host seeking and blood feeding from dusk until dawn , when temperatures are considerably lower than the daily mean. Nighttime minimum temperatures of around 25°C are mostly limited to small areas directly south of the Sahara; in general, minima range from about 13 to 22°C in most malaria transmission zones, depending on season and location (Figure 1, second row).
Temperatures inside houses are generally a few degrees Celsius warmer than those recorded outdoors, and mean indoor temperatures around 25°C can be observed in larger geographic areas (Figure 1, third row). However, indoor minimum temperatures remain well below 25–27°C (Figure 1, bottom row) with large areas experiencing <22°C. It is under these environmental conditions that a mosquito is searching for and biting new hosts.
Susceptible Mosquitoes Could Be More Resistant during Cooler Nighttime Periods
The insecticides used in public health for vector control kill mosquitoes by interfering with nervous system function. But metabolic activity , which is involved in degradation of insecticides, and nervous system sensitivity  are highly temperature-dependent. As mosquito body temperature changes with its surroundings, environmental temperature has the potential to influence the toxicity of insecticides. This effect is quantified by measuring the temperature coefficient (TC) of an insecticide (Figure 2). A positive TC indicates that an insecticide becomes more toxic as temperature increases; insecticides with a negative TC kill more insects at lower temperatures. Pyrethroids, the dominant insecticide class currently used for malaria control, and DDT, the only organochlorine permitted for IRS, commonly exhibit a negative temperature coefficient. Therefore, in theory, they should perform better under cooler nighttime conditions. On the other hand, carbamates and organophosphates (two and three out of the 12 recommended compounds for IRS, respectively) generally have a positive TC, and may be less efficient under these conditions.
Toxicity (median lethal dose) of deltamethrin to (A) Heliothis virescens (µg/g) , (B) Trichoplusia ni (µg/g) , (C) Chilo suppressalis (µg/insect) , and (D) Triatoma infestans (ng/insect) . Note that the Y-axis is inverted to visualize the temperature coefficient (TC). If the dose required to kill 50% of insects decreases as temperature increases, the insecticide has a positive TC, indicated by +. Negative TC indicated by −.
Exceptions to these general TC rules, however, are common. Whether the TC is positive or negative can depend on the insect (e.g., species, developmental stage, age, sex), the chemical tested (e.g., formulation, substrate, dose, duration of exposure) and testing conditions (e.g., temperature range, humidity, time of day). For pyrethroids, the only insecticides currently used on ITNs and LLINs ,  and the dominant insecticide class in IRS , a strictly negative relationship with temperature is not always observed. Type II pyrethroids, which have an α-cyano group on the phenoxybenzyl moiety , tend to violate this rule. For example, deltamethrin and cypermethrin, which are used in 11 out of the 13 (or 85%) LLINs, have been observed to have positive TCs for mortality in several insect species (Figure 2A, C, D, –). If the same phenomenon applies to malaria mosquitoes, only DDT and two LLINs (those treated with permethrin, a type I pyrethroid) will be most effective during the cooler nighttime periods when a mosquito is active: all other recommended interventions could be less effective at killing vectors.
To the best of our knowledge, there are only two studies that examined the effect of temperature on the toxicity of insecticides on susceptible, adult malaria vectors. Hodjati and Curtis  observed a bimodal relationship between temperature and toxicity for permethrin, a type I pyrethroid, against Anopheles stephensi, a primary malaria vector in India (negative between 16 and 22°C, but positive between 22 and 37°C). Over the same range of temperatures, An. gambiae, a major malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, displayed a consistently positive TC. This indicates that malaria mosquitoes may not follow the general temperature-toxicity rules. The second study  saw a negative TC for DDT and a positive TC for the organophosphate diazinon when An. stephensi was exposed to insecticide residues between 20 and 30°C.
While vector control chemicals are typically applied at concentrations meant to overwhelm variation in susceptibility, evidence from the field shows that the ability of LLINs or IRS to kill mosquitoes can decrease rapidly over time after initial deployment. Although LLINs should retain their insecticidal activity for at least three years under field conditions , the mosquitocidal activity of several LLINs is reduced on much shorter time scales , . The activity of IRS compounds can decline significantly within the first few months after spraying due to, for example, variation in building materials ,  or in the spraying technique of individual applicators . Thus, there could be periods prior to IRS retreatment or redistribution of new LLINs during which the loss of efficacy from chemical, operational, or environmental factors could be exacerbated by using chemicals that are even less effective under variable temperature conditions.
With approximately 34 dominant anopheline vector species in the world , and a variety of recommended chemical products on the market, this lack of data represents a critical gap in our understanding. Although current tools do kill mosquitoes and reduce malaria risk, a better understanding of chemical temperature coefficients could affect the chemical toolbox in two ways: first, it could increase the number of chemicals available for control. By testing insecticidal performance under standard laboratory conditions (25–27°C), there is the possibility that we currently eliminate compounds in the testing phase—especially those with a strongly negative TC—that may perform very well in the field. Second, without information about their action at different temperatures, we may deploy chemicals that will be less efficient than we expect under actual field conditions. Investigating the performance of our vector control tools under different temperature conditions will augment our ability to select the most efficacious tool for a given environment. For insecticidal control of pests in crop systems, it has been acknowledged that knowing a product's temperature coefficient enables pest managers to select a product that is efficacious under the prevailing environmental conditions –.
Resistant Mosquitoes May Be More Resistant in the Laboratory
Insecticide resistance is one of the greatest threats to the success of malaria control and elimination campaigns. The WHO currently recommends that the level of resistance in mosquito populations be evaluated at 25±2°C . As with susceptible insects, the mortality of resistant insects can increase or decrease with temperature (e.g., , ). Hodjati and Curtis  showed that resistant An. stephensi mosquitoes were more susceptible to permethrin at 16 and 37°C, compared to 22 and 28°C, where nearly all mosquitoes survived the exposure. In resistant An. gambiae, as in the susceptible strain, susceptibility increased with temperature. This suggests that quantifying resistance under relatively high temperature conditions in the laboratory will not necessarily inform us to what extent a chemical intervention is still effective in the field.
Efficiency of Other (Semio)chemical Interventions Will Also Depend on Environmental Temperature
There is growing evidence that the widespread use of LLINs and IRS is reducing mosquito activity indoors and can drive vector-species composition changes or host-species switching behavior to increase outdoor biting . Alternative interventions that specifically target outdoor biting are needed. One approach is to use chemical compounds to trap or repel mosquitoes, thereby reducing the number of mosquito bites to human hosts. There are reasons to expect that the effectiveness of such odor-baited traps could be affected by environmental temperature.
For odor-baited traps to work, a mosquito needs to detect the odor plume and follow it back to the source. The number of odor molecules of a compound in the gas phase will be reduced when temperatures decrease (see example in ). Simply put, there will be less for a mosquito to smell when it is cooler outside. Additionally, odor plume dynamics depend on the stability of the atmosphere, which depends in part on temperature . Although adding a heat source could regulate the release of molecules from a trapping device, the resulting odor plume can be expected to behave differently under cool nighttime conditions than it would under warmer laboratory conditions. In addition, temperature affects several physiological processes involved in insects' odor reception , . Lower temperatures can reduce response distance and specificity , but also directly impact insect flight behavior by reducing flight speed .
So, although these traps seem to work in the field , cooler field temperatures may reduce trap efficiency, which has been shown for adult plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar . At present, the behavioral responses of mosquitoes to chemical cues in olfactometers are evaluated at standard insectary conditions, around 26–27°C , , and there are no WHO guidelines for testing such devices. Again, as malaria mosquitoes host seek and bite only during the cooler evening and night, there might be room for improvement when the actual microclimate observed in the field is considered during laboratory trials.
Chemicals are powerful tools in the control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases such as dengue, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease . Given that temperature has the potential to affect the toxicity of chemicals used for ITNs, LLINs, and IRS, as well as to alter chemical release from and mosquito response to odor-baited traps, candidate chemicals need to be evaluated under relevant climatic conditions. For the initial development of chemicals to be used in the fight against malaria, we suggest that testing recommendations, currently at 25 to 27±2°C, should include a range of temperatures: 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. Such a change would provide valuable information about how mosquitoes and chemicals will interact under natural field conditions, therefore allowing us to develop more effective tools in the laboratory and to select the tools most likely to be effective in a given local environment. As insecticide resistance monitoring in the field is frequently carried out in areas where malaria is endemic (or epidemic), and these areas are often low-income countries, we suggest adding one additional temperature for these tests: 20°C. This change will give us a better understanding of how well the chemicals currently being used are working to control night-biting vectors. In areas where insecticide resistance has been detected in the mosquito population, such knowledge could be especially valuable. By applying a mixture of chemicals, which may also counter or postpone the development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations to chemicals used on ITNs, LLINs, and in IRS , a given regimen could be efficient across different thermal environments, or in environments with a wide thermal envelope . We believe that considering the temperature coefficient of chemicals from the outset of testing will increase the effectiveness of the chemical toolbox for malaria vector control.
WHO (2012) World malaria report 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization.
- 2. Maxmen A (2012) Malaria surge feared. Nature 485: 293.
- 3. Alonso PL, Tanner M (2013) Public health challenges and prospects for malaria control and elimination. Nat Med 19: 150–155.
WHO (2005) Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO (2006) Guidelines for testing mosquito adulticides for indoor residual spraying and treatment of mosquito nets. Geneva: World Health Organization.
- 6. Russell T, Govella N, Azizi S, Drakeley C, Kachur SP, et al. (2011) Increased proportions of outdoor feeding among residual malaria vector populations following increased use of insecticide-treated nets in rural Tanzania. Malar J 10: 80.
- 7. Montgomery JC, Macdonald JA (1990) Effects of temperature on nervous system: implications for behavioral performance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 259: R191–R196.
- 8. Gillooly JF, Brown JH, West GB, Savage VM, Charnov EL (2001) Effects of size and temperature on metabolic rate. Science 293: 2248–2251.
WHO (2012) WHO recommended long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO (2007) WHO recommended insecticide products treatment of mosquito nets for malaria vector control. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO (2009) WHO recommended insecticides for indoor residual spraying against malaria vectors. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Schleier III JJ, Peterson RKD (2011) Pyrethrins and pyrethroid insecticides. In: López O, Fernándes-Bolaños JG, editors. Green trends in insect control. London: Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 94–131.
- 13. Johnson DL (1990) Influence of temperature on toxicity of two pyrethroids to grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J Econ Entomol 83: 366–373.
- 14. Scott JG, Matsumura F (1983) Evidence for two types of toxic actions of pyrethroids on susceptible and DDT-resistant german cockroaches. Pestic Biochem Physiol 19: 141–150.
- 15. Sparks TC, Pavloff AM, Rose RL, Clower DF (1983) Temperature-toxicity relationships of pyrethroids on Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Econ Entomol 76: 243–246.
- 16. Li H, Feng T, Liang P, Shi X, Gao X, et al. (2006) Effect of temperature on toxicity of pyrethroids and endosulfan, activity of mitochondrial Na+–K+-ATPase and Ca2+–Mg2+-ATPase in Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Pestic Biochem Physiol 86: 151–156.
- 17. Sparks TC, Shour MH, Wellemeyer EG (1982) Temperature-toxicity relationships of pyrethroids on three Lepidopterans. J Econ Entomol 75: 643–646.
- 18. Hodjati MH, Curtis CF (1999) Effects of permethrin at different temperatures on pyrethroid-resistant and susceptible strains of Anopheles. Med Vet Entomol 13: 415–422.
- 19. Hadaway AB, Barlow F (1963) The influence of environmental conditions on the contact toxicity of some insecticide deposits to adult mosquitos, Anopheles stephensi Liston. Bull Entomol Res 54: 329–344.
WHO (2007) Insecticide-treated mosquito nets: a position statement. Available: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/itnspospaperfinal/en/index.html. Accessed 7 September 2013.
- 21. Lindblade KA, Dotson E, Hawley WA, Bayoh N, Williamson J, et al. (2005) Evaluation of long-lasting insecticidal nets after 2 years of household use. Trop Med Int Health 10: 1141–1150.
- 22. Okumu F, Chipwaza B, Madumla E, Mbeyela E, Lingamba G, et al. (2012) Implications of bio-efficacy and persistence of insecticides when indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide nets are combined for malaria prevention. Malar J 11: 378.
- 23. Etang J, Nwane P, Mbida J, Piameu M, Manga B, et al. (2011) Variations of insecticide residual bio-efficacy on different types of walls: results from a community-based trial in south Cameroon. Malar J 10: 333.
- 24. Masendu HT, Nziramasanga N, Muchechemera C (2002) Low insecticide deposit rates detected during routine indoor residual spraying for malaria vector control in two districts of Gokwe, Zimbabwe. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18: 202–206.
- 25. Kiszewski A, Mellinger A, Spielman A, Malaney P, Sachs SE, et al. (2004) A global index representing the stability of malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 486–498.
- 26. Musser FR, Shelton AM (2005) The influence of post-exposure temperature on the toxicity of insecticides to Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Pest Manag Sci 61: 508–510.
- 27. Ma Y-h, Gao Z-l, Dang Z-h, Li Y-f, Pan W-l (2012) Effect of temperature on the toxicity of several insecticides to Apolygus lucorum (Heteroptera: Miridae). J Pestic Sci 37: 135–139.
- 28. Boina DR, Onagbola EO, Salyani M, Stelinski LL (2009) Influence of posttreatment temperature on the toxicity of insecticides against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). J Econ Entomol 102: 685–691.
WHO (1998) Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vectors, bio-efficacy and persistence of insecticide on treated surfaces. Geneva: World Health Organization.
- 30. Scott JG (1987) Effect of temperature on the toxicity of S-bioallethrin andcypermethrin to susceptible and kdr-resistant strains of Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Bull Entomol Res 77: 431–435.
- 31. Brown MA (1987) Temperature-dependent pyrethroid resistance in a pyrethroid-selected colony of Heliothis virescens (F) (Lepidoptera, noctuidae). J Econ Entomol 80: 330–332.
- 32. Govella NJ, Ferguson H (2012) Why use of interventions targeting outdoor biting mosquitoes will be necessary to achieve malaria elimination. Front Physiol 3: 199–199.
- 33. Riveron J, Boto T, Alcorta E (2009) The effect of environmental temperature on olfactory perception in Drosophila melanogaster. J Insect Physiol 55: 943–951.
Stull RB (2000) Meteorology for scientists and engineers. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole. 528 p.
- 35. Kodadová B (1996) Resolution of pheromone pulses in receptor cells of Antheraea polyphemus at different temperatures. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 179: 301–310.
- 36. Baker TC, Hansson BS, Löfstedt C, Löfqvist J (1988) Adaptation of antennal neurons in moths is associated with cessation of pheromone-mediated upwind flight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 9826–9830.
- 37. Linn C, Campbell M, Roelofs W (1991) The effects of different blend ratios and temperature on the active space of the Oriental fruit moth sex pheromone. Physiol Entomol 16: 211–222.
- 38. Charlton RE, Kanno H, Collins RD, Carde RT (1993) Influence of pheromone concentration and ambient temperature on flight of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in a sustained-flight wind tunnel. Physiol Entomol 18: 349–362.
- 39. Njiru B, Mukabana W, Takken W, Knols B (2006) Trapping of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae with odour-baited MM-X traps in semi-field conditions in western Kenya. Malar J 5: 39.
- 40. Leskey TC, Zhang A (2007) Impact of temperature on plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) responses to odor-baited traps. J Econ Entomol 100: 343–349.
- 41. Smallegange RC, Bukovinszkine-Kiss G, Otieno B, Mbadi PA, Takken W, et al. (2012) Identification of candidate volatiles that affect the behavioural response of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto to an active kairomone blend: laboratory and semi-field assays. Physiol Entomol 37: 60–71.
- 42. Seenivasagan T, Sharma KR, Prakash S (2012) Electroantennogram, flight orientation and oviposition responses of Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti to a fatty acid ester-propyl octadecanoate. Acta Trop 124: 54–61.
- 43. van den Berg H, Zaim M, Yadav R, Soares A, Ameneshewa B, et al. (2012) Global trends in the use of insecticides to control vector-borne diseases. Environ Health Perspect 120: 577–582.
- 44. Hinks CF, Spurr DT (1991) The efficacy and cost benefits of binary mixtures of deltamethrin combined with other insecticides or synergists against grasshoppers at two temperatures. J Agric Entomol 8: 29–39.
- 45. Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Clim 25: 1965–1978.
- 46. Blanford JI, Blanford S, Crane RG, Mann ME, Paaijmans KP, et al. (2013) Implications of temperature variation for malaria parasite development across Africa. Sci Rep 3: 1300.
- 47. Alzogaray RA, Zerba EN (1996) Comparative toxicity of deltamethrin and cis-permethrin on first instars of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Med Entomol 33: 58–62.