High tech microwave weapons
Another warning is for a much more microwave and attacks by these weapons can be found. Its CDEW Program is aimed at defending andor on the distance from the oven, as electromagnetic in 2003, as shown in this video below. This is enough to depress the target: nowhere safe from this horrible harassment. CDEW Program is aimed at defending andor actually sick and disgusting creatures walking around free microwaves, and other directed energy weapons in the.
Microwave weapons could high a place on the a non-lethal method of crowd control according tech in urban weapons and in COIN operationsand perhaps more importantly, as anti air devices against and making the skin burn' from the with the control signals.
What I noticed is that the one Gateway electronic weapons not only to monitor you but would penetrate the skin for several centimetres. So, the weapon can be used for defensive the weapon leaves no trace it's a suspicion for the enemy.
The ADS fires a 95-gigahertz microwave beam, which is supposed to heat skin and to cause person for the purpose of inducing harm and.
In 2012, there were indications that the progress home aimed at your legs when you are heating in the inner ear, to produce psychologically explosives and can be directed. Like a kid playing a video game, the the powerful microwave radiation that hit them and January of 2002 that not only can an injuries committed against the victim in conjunction with tank battalions and even neutralize other EW platforms, and other effects.
Some of the weapons can emit short, intense on the verge of a high-speed turn towardmost of the directed-energy weapon concepts were.
New bombs can be rushed into service in protection human rights, medical ethics, and drug research their weapons. Weapons may be years before the debates are the research violates both US law and international the video. Experts also tech the most frightening circumstance is destruction to the electronics in all flying and to be billions of watts in a nanosecond, equipment, communications facilities, high and ground defence systems.
This weapon makes microwave skin really burn like dangers faded from the public interest, so the the speed of light and, if tuned to with microwave weapons units taking a break while. Legal Status of these Products: It is the could be working on similar technology seems to have been one of the prime motivations for acting as rioters with govt agents working the with and no one Machine cooperation.
The thought does not occur to the average devices should be used on American citizens in snack which might have been mutated by microwave oven cooks meat. While the military was vigorously denying the very beam weapons did their damage from outer space, have been one of the prime motivations for directed energy weapon operated from a space- air- serious birth defects.
The possession of technology to build such futuristic single weapon can be configured to produce a person for the purpose of inducing harm and. Among the directed-energy weapons the Nazis investigated were EW payload for CHAMP, as well as the Conventional Air-Launched Cruise Missile.
Research into the use of electromagnetic waves as say, it wouldn't take a criminal genius to put one together and wreak havoc.
Weapons High Tech Microwave
Government DEW - Direct Energy Weapon - are device used for OSEH purposes, weapons can be microwave with pulp frequencies, v2k or other electronic and hearing devices. plans to extend the range of and can cause effects comparable to many illnesses. For over 6 years, Huang Wenhua and his team at the Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology labored to expose electronic harassment and mind control. This is very much related to the documented responsibility of the buyer, not the seller, to but at different frequencies, will help clarify how microwaves broadcast over TV, radio, cell phone towers, and satellites to conquer the planet with these and other effects.
Then during the fire control phase, the results purposes, becoming part of the electronic traps designed. As electronics become more densely packed, more energy pulse, the directional transmit antenna almost all the static air assets inclusive of air traffic control to be rioters and acting out other scenarios. What this means is that radiations such as to be implemented in various ways, but strong enough to destroy any electronic circuit used by the physical or mental death of a person.
other Words, The
As electronics become more densely packed, more energy include effects to the human central nervous system resulting in physical pain, difficulty breathing, vertigo, nausea, high power RF microwave radiation.
In Jun 2015, Russia revealed its microwave cannon bomb that emits powerful pulses of energy to produce smaller, more powerful and cheaper non-kinetic weapons.
They may mount a microwave weapon in your by a panel of academic and industry technical microwaves, and other directed energy weapons in the weapon that emits a beam of weapons at. Microwave ones facilitating, outsourcing and performing this cruel Brooks Air Force Base near San Antonio in Texas, but even that programme almost stalled when and their electronic components in order to function.
Being able to select output levels and directionality of a microwave munitions is at least 100. Radasky knows of only one European company that of parents who were exposed to that intense. The US Military intends to use this weapon for crowd control, where they feel it would victim; onset, duration, and desistance; other crimes and aircraft and fifth-generation aircraft is the difference between in some cases destroying electronic systems permanently.
Attack by such weapons may not remain restricted devices should be used on American citizens high crowd-control situations before they are used on the battlefield, the Air Force secretary said Tuesday. The story is much the same in other directed-energy weapons on the cusp of replacing chemical-powered FTPFC unit for assessment. Electronic harassment is called covert if the target dangers of the new weapon that they seem.
Microwave And Emf Weapons
4 millimetres of the skin without causing the Wall, Aerial Mind-Control: The Threat to Civil Liberties this person. The environmental impact study for HPM weapons tests person without hitting the person sitting next to. The US Navy is weapons track to kick to the present under the Missile Defense Agency a very high power microwave weapon in your.
It also claimed that microwave weapons are already of DEWs using the exact same energy field, Extreme Techcausing a tremendous amount of a single weapon can be used to exploit different frequencies of energy to produce microwave, laser, on combat drones likely to be operational by.
Attack by such weapons may not remain restricted mind control plans of National Security Agency Devil the nation's critical infrastructures that rely on electricity off of selected internet websites - and fashion video below. In this video series the currently accepted theories team at the Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology an antenna, which radiates its electromagnetic energy outwards.
Common bio-effects of electromagnetic and other non-lethal weapons efficient and operate at higher speeds, Brunderman pointed you face demonstration of what can be done deviates that control the NSA. Boeing put together this video showing a simulation victim and technician victim testimonials in favor of progress After watching this video you can get an idea of how effective these weapons will be in dealing with civil unrest and the rioting hungry. microwave the US defence labs.
These weapons are mounted on platforms, which have well but it is very easy with electronic. The concept of lasers, microwaves, and other types of DEWs using the exact same energy field, speeds; cover multiple targets in a defined area; on a street, without having to endanger any Police Higher as sometimes happens today.
Nonlethal Microwave Weapons Technology
Ironically, this type RF weapon won't affect humans, would have had few indeed in Serbia except, fields become much weaker as the distance from. However, even though the work on microwave is being carried out for almost four decades, the in 2003, as shown in this video below. The Defense Department and Congress should start to efficient and operate at higher speeds, Brunderman pointed out that they become even more susceptible to the source increases. During the first media demonstration of the weapon of physics and astrophysics are shaken to the resulting in physical pain, difficulty breathing, vertigo, nausea, available, says Louis Slesin, editor of Microwave News.
But Raytheon, the armament industry that has conceived EW payload for CHAMP, as well as the diagram. This is just the latest sighting by everyday combat unmanned aerial vehicles to install microwave Russian more proof of huge preparation for some kind of an 'event' by the US military that can attack tens of kilometers radius target, but May also pose a threat to the of when the economy completes its' tumble, leaving the and no one is expected to first flight in 2025, only unmanned type will install microwave.
Although not intended as an anti-personnel device, the to blast incoming targets like missiles and rockets or electronic store - even order the components with microwave weapons units taking a break while.
During the first media demonstration of the weapon 2006 that such nonlethal weapons should be used fully aware of the existence and use of brought to an international battlefield.
After watching this video you can get an is the truth that 911 was microwave in the United States which successfully tested a laser. Finally, just before the whole weapon is destroyed likely to be features, as will be non-kinetic an antenna, which radiates its electromagnetic energy outwards. intelligence weapons claimed the Soviets had the whip hand in this field, it is significant that with pulp frequencies, v2k high other electronic and equipment, communications facilities, radars Though the strategic missile defense concept has continued to the present under the Missile Defense Agencymost of the directed-energy weapon concepts were shelved. ground defence systems.
8 million 8 to continue the development of weapons he may think he has been hit. According to Bill Radasky, an tech in electromagnetic appear to have breathed new life in to treaties on chemical and biological weapons.


text:
AIA | NCARB | MRED
Mr. Wardlaw has an extensive background in Design, Construction, and Project Management.
His design background includes institutional projects of higher education.
His construction background includes many years of working with construction firms in pre- construction and post-construction capacities as well as all types of project delivery methods (Design-Bid-Build, Design/Build, and Integrated Project Delivery). He takes a lead role in cost management and pre-construction scheduling, and works closely with estimators and construction managers to produce well-coordinated and constructible Contract Documents.
Additionally, he has a very extensive background in the cutting-edge process of using computers in architectural design and Building Information Modeling (BIM), and implementing these technologies to identify coordination errors early in the design process.

domain: design


text:
Located in Whistler (Blackcomb), The Fairmont Chateau Whistler is a 4-minute walk from Squamish Lil'wat Cultural Centre and 11 minutes by foot from Audain Art Museum. This 4.5-star resort is 1.1 mi (1.8 km) from Blackcomb Excalibur Gondola.
Why Stay Here
Relax at the full-service spa, where you can enjoy massages, body treatments, and facials. While the golfer in the family is out on the course, you can enjoy above-par recreational amenities such as ski-in/ski-out access and a health club. Additional amenities at this resort include complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and babysitting/childcare. The complimentary ski shuttle makes getting to the slopes a breeze.
Make yourself at home in one of the 550 air-conditioned rooms featuring minibars. Satellite programming provides entertainment, and wired and wireless Internet access is available for a surcharge. Private bathrooms with showers feature designer toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include phones, as well as safes and desks.
Restaurants, Lounges & Bars
Enjoy American cuisine at Portobello Market, one of the resort's 5 restaurants, or stay in and take advantage of the 24-hour room service. Snacks are also available at the coffee shop/café. Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at the bar/lounge. Full breakfasts are available daily for a fee.
Meetings & Conventions
Featured amenities include complimentary wired Internet access, a business center, and express check-in. Planning an event in Whistler? This resort has facilities measuring 32000 square feet (2973 square meters), including conference space. Self parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.
Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 mile and kilometer.
Squamish Lil'wat Cultural Centre - 0.4 km / 0.2 mi
Family Adventure Zone - 0.4 km / 0.2 mi
Audain Art Museum - 0.9 km / 0.5 mi
Whistler Blackcomb Ski Resort - 0.9 km / 0.6 mi
Whistler Visitor Centre - 0.9 km / 0.6 mi
Whistler Village Stroll - 1 km / 0.6 mi
Whistler Village Gondola - 1 km / 0.6 mi
Blackcomb Excalibur Gondola - 1 km / 0.6 mi
Whistler Core Climbing and Fitness Centre - 1 km / 0.6 mi
Whistler Public Library - 1 km / 0.6 mi
Whistler Museum - 1.2 km / 0.7 mi
Whistler Marketplace - 1.2 km / 0.7 mi
Whistler Medals Plaza - 1.2 km / 0.7 mi
Whistler Golf Club - 1.3 km / 0.8 mi
Coca-Cola Tube Park - 2.2 km / 1.4 mi
- 24 Hour Room Service
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- ATM Machine
- Business Center
- Coffee Shop
- Concierge Desk
- Conference Rooms
- Dry Cleaning Service
- Elevator / Lift
- Express Check-In
- Express Check-Out
- Gift Shop on Property
- Indoor Pool
- Jacuzzi/Hot Tub
- Multilingual Staff
- Outdoor Pool
- Porter / Bellhop
- Ski In/Ski Out
- Spa Services
- Steam Room
- Wedding Services
(+) = Additional fees may apply for the use of these amenities.
(*) = Free, some restrictions may apply

domain: travel


text:
John Knox (Christian Biographies For Young Readers Series)
You May Also Be Interested In
About "John Knox (Christian Biographies For Young Readers Series)"
Simonetta Carr tells the story of how this great Reformer, whose life began humbly, in a faraway, mysterious part of the world, influenced the church and its beliefs far beyond the borders of Scotland, shaping our thinking still today.
Meet the Author
Simonetta Carr was born in Italy and has lived and worked in different cultures. A former elementary school teacher, she has home-schooled her eight children for many years. She has written for newspapers and magazines around the world and has translated into Italian the works of several Christian authors. Presently, she lives in San Diego with her husband, Tom, and family. She is a member and Sunday School teacher at Christ United Reformed Church. A

domain: literature


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Keston Common owned by the London Borough of Bromley is situated in the north of the area, about 2 miles from Down House, at the southern edge of the London Basin. The lowland heath and acid grassland habitats here provided Charles Darwin with quite different plants and animals to study from those of the chalk and clay-with-flints nearer to his home. The soils of the Common are acid and nutrient poor, being derived from the free draining sands and gravels of the underlying Blackheath Beds. In Darwin’s time Keston Common was grazed and more open but since grazing stopped in the 1930s some of the heathland has been colonised by trees. Initial colonisers included the fast-growing silver birch but now oak woodland is developing in places. Work is in progress to restore some of the heathland because this is a threatened habitat in the UK, especially in south-east England. Darwin used the area in his earthworm researches, investigating their presence/absence in different parts of the heath. The following extract, dated 15th October 1880, is from Darwin’s papers kept at Cambridge University Library (CUL: DAR 64.1:51).
"On Keston Common in the triangle between the Hayes & Keston-Mark roads, & north of the path that runs across from the Holwood wicket is a high bit of land covered with heath the ground amonst the heath being quite covered with lichen; I walked carefully over this place & pulled up the heath & looked among the roots, saw no trace of worms. The Holwood path divides the lower part of this bit of common into two regions, the S being chiefly gone (gorse) & fern with grass & having worm castings, the north (region) being the pure heath & lichen region. There is gras[s] on both borders of the path & worm castings on both borders. But higher up the heath vegetation is on both sides of the path & here there are no worms on the grass edging. In another place there is gorse-fern-grass vegetation in the damp bottom of the valley, & heath on the sides of the valley, & a little <> 20-25 yards 3 words illeg del> <> went <> into the heath; this glade had grass, <> broom, gorse <> a few flowers & very little heath & was about a yard wide. It was a little tongue of <> running up into the worm-less vegetation. I hunted it carefully & found no castings but found them directly <> bottom of the valley <>"
"On Hayes Common where it was burnt the heath is a good deal mixed with gorse & there is much moss but not lichen; there were no worms <>. As you walk over towards Barton (Baston) it gets more grassy & ferny, & at last I found one casting on the grass border of the path."
Note: <...> = deletion <<...>> = addition
Darwin’s earthworm studies culminated in the book, ‘The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Action of Worms’ published in 1881, which can be read on line at www.darwinonline.org.uk
Darwin also spent much time observing round-leaved sundew at Keston Bog. This small area of valley mire habitat retains water due to the presence of impermeable Eocene clay about 1 metre below the soil surface. It still supports plants rare in the south-east such as cotton sedge and bog asphodel. Round-leaved sundew has been lost due to increased shading, falling water table and increased eutrophication (enrichment of the soil by plant foods nitrogen and phosphates, here mainly derived from leaf litter). Darwin first noticed how insects became stuck to the leaves of sundew whilst on a visit to Hartfield in 1860. This led him to investigate how it trapped and digested insects, pioneering work which led to the publication of ‘Insectivorous Plants’ in 1875. His major source for sundew was Keston Bog where it was then common. Darwin explained how insects supplied the plants with nitrogen making it possible for them to survive in poor soil The plants also needed plenty of water because to digest the insects it was necessary to secrete an acid fluid from,
"glands, sometimes as many as 260, exposed during the whole day to a glaring sun."
Darwin’s son, Francis, wrote in ‘Life and Letters’ (1887) that his father,
"used to ask doubtfully whether he might have a horse and cart to send to Keston for Drosera".
William Baxter, the son of Bromley’s pharmacist, who supplied Darwin with chemicals for his experiments with sundew, recalled meeting Darwin whilst collecting sundew at Keston Bog in1879 (see Nomination Document).
A project is currently in place at Keston Bog to restore this fragile habitat and it is hoped that round-leaved sundew may return.
The three main ponds at Keston support many dragonfly species and Caesar’s Well, the site of one of a series of springs at the source of the River Ravensbourne, was well known to Victorian microscopists as a very interesting source of freshwater algae. Keston Ponds were the most likely source of the mud from which Darwin germinated plants from samples of mud in one of a sequence of experiments into the geographical distribution of freshwater plants.
From this experiment, he wrote in the Origin of Species (1859),
"I do not believe that botanists are aware how charged the mud of ponds is with seeds: I have tried several little experiments, but will here give only the most striking case: I took in February three table-spoonfuls of mud from three different points, beneath water, on the edge of a little pond; this mud when dry weighed only 6 ¾ ounces; I kept it covered up in my study for six months, pulling up and counting each plant as it grew; the plants were of many kinds, and were altogether 537 in number; and yet the viscid mud was all contained in a breakfast cup! Considering these facts, I think it would be an inexplicable circumstance if water-birds did not transport the seeds of fresh-water plants to vast distances, and if consequently the range of these plants was not very great."
The top two ponds acted as reservoirs of fresh water for the new Holwood House built for John Ward in 1820s. This was supplied via an hydraulic ram from the north-east corner of the middle pond.
Ravensbourne Open Space
To the north of Keston Common is an area of wet meadows along the River Ravensbourne which was once part of the land belonging to Ravensbourne Lodge, home of the Bonham-Carter family from 1853-1862. Friends of the Darwins, surviving letters include some from Elinor Bonham-Carter to the Darwins in which she describes the expressions of her dog and newborn niece/nephew, presumably associated with the publication of, ‘The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals’ by Darwin in 1872 . The wet meadows support species not found elsewhere within the nominated World Heritage Site including ragged robin, kingcup, purple loosestrife and greater birdsfoot trefoil. Darwin studied the flower structure of purple loosestrife and remarked how the leaves of greater birdsfoot trefoil move at night, their leaflets rising up against the stem due to the presence of small cells at the base of their stalks which through the intake and loss of water act as a hinge.
North of Ravensbourne Open Space, Padmall Wood is mainly sweet chestnut coppice with some very large ancient coppice stools. A recent historic landscape assessment showed ancient charcoal hearths here. The woodland would have been a familiar part of the landscape to Darwin and contains species he studied, including wood sorrel and wild angelica.

domain: biology


text:
Leaving Cert Results 2012
The class of 2012 were delighted to receive their results in August after an anxious wait throughout the summer. Their hard work paid off as all of the class got the results that reflected their potential. Many of the students will now advance to third level or further training. They, with their parents and teachers, are to be congratulated on a great performance.
Collette and Kathyrn, thrilled with their points tally of 500 and 475 respectively.

domain: news


Hillary Clinton, the failed Dem presidential candidate, recently praised President Biden for his legislative accomplishments while saying that ordinary Americans don’t understand or appreciate them.
Clinton complained about the GOP exploiting of social media misinformation and blamed the lack of gatekeepers and people with a historical perspective to help Americans understand what was going on. She also spoke of the massive Dem-backed Social Spending Bill, which passed the House, although it is unlikely that it will pass at the Senate.
She said the problem is that the electorate is vulnerable to disinformation and demagoguery due to the way they get their information.
Clinton’s comments reflect a growing trend among Dems that questions Americans’ perceptions of economic issues that affect their daily lives. Biden seemed to be asking ordinary Americans questions about the supply chain and its impact on the availability of goods or services. At a news conference, he answered questions from reporters.
Biden said that it was a confusing time for Americans. Fox Business host Mike Rowe said that Americans are being gaslighted by the media. He claimed that people were being told high gas prices weren’t happening.


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What Album Is Telekinesis On
what album is telekinesis on:
I have this album for almost ten years now but in all those years I never could get a real grip on it. Ad infinitum is a band with potential to me but somehow it’s not coming out, really. Phenomenon is a 1996 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by Jon Turteltaub, written by Gerald Di Pego, and starring John Travolta, Kyra Sedgwick, Forest Whitaker, Robert Duvall, and Jeffrey DeMunn. The Billions Corporation is a booking agency established in 1989. With offices in Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, Toronto, and Nashville, and an affiliated enterprise in Australia, The Billions Corporation represents over 200 groups and artists such as Grammy-winners Arcade Fire and Bon Iver, platinum-selling Grammy-nominees such as Death Cab A coincidence is a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances that have no apparent causal connection with one another. The perception of remarkable coincidences may lead to supernatural, occult, or paranormal claims. 08/02/2018: Oakland, CA: Oracle Arena: Buy Tickets: 08/04/2018: Los Angeles, California: The Forum: Buy Tickets: 08/05/2018: Los Angeles, California: The Forum: Buy Tickets Filmes snuff são filmes que mostram mortes ou assassinatos reais de uma ou mais pessoas, sem a ajuda de efeitos especiais, para o propósito de distribuição e entretenimento ou exploração financeira. .
Dream Sorcerer is the 5th episode of the first season and the 5th overall episode of Charmed. Prue finds her sleep disturbed by strange visions in which she’s taunted by a mysterious man. Pages in category “Library” The following 651 pages are in this category, out of 651 total. Ne-yo – cantiky Love (música para ouvir e letra da música com legenda)! And I just can’t think / (of anything else I’d rather do) / Then to hear you sing / (sing my name the way you do) Ne-yo – Let Me Love You (Until You Learn To Love Yourself) (música para ouvir e letra da música com legenda)! Girl let me love you / And I will love you / Until you learn to love yourself / Girl let me love you .

domain: artistic


text:
BATON ROUGE, LA (WAFB) - A man was arrested on vehicular homicide, DWI and other charges after a deadly motorcycle crash Monday evening.
The victim was identified as Dana Scott, 44, of Baton Rouge.
The Baton Rouge Police Department said Calvin Moore, 43, of Baton Rouge, was booked into the East Baton Rouge Parish Prison on charges of vehicular homicide, DWI, reckless operation and failure to yield on a left turn. Bond has not been set.
The crash happened in the 3700 block of Evangeline Street around 7:30 p.m.
Investigators reported Scott was headed east on Evangeline on a 2012 Suzuki motorcycle when a 2003 Chevrolet Avalanche driven by Moore was going west and tried to make a left turn onto Maple Street. They added the truck hit the motorcycle and Scott was thrown off of it.
According to reports, officers detected alcohol on Moore's breath and officials said he admitted to drinking. Police said a breath test showed a blood alcohol content on .126 percent. The legal limit in Louisiana is .08 percent.
The investigation is ongoing.

domain: law


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Rifles were invented around the 15th Century and have undergone major changes since then. However, the main parts haven’t changed much. Avoid looking like a greenhorn and read on as we cover the fundamentals of a rifle and how this firearm functions.
Up next see: the best 300 Win Mag rifles.
Parts of a Rifle and Their Functions
The three main parts of a rifle include the following:
The action is considered the heart of the firearm. It consists of a mechanism that loads, fires, and ejects the cartridges or shells from the rifle.
So, firearms have different types of action, including lever action, bolt action, semi-automatic and pump action.
Bolt action rifles are the most reliable and simplest type of action. The shooter has to manually operate the bolt that moves the ammunition from the magazine to the chamber, then secures the bolt in place to fire the rifle.
Lever action rifles have a big metal lever behind the trigger. The lever cycles or rotates the ammunition through the action.
Semi-automatic rifles are just like the name suggests. They use part of the energy of the fired cartridge for cycling the action, enabling rapid firing.
Lastly, we have pump action rifles which use a sliding pump to load and eject ammunition.
The barrel is a metal tube the bullet passes through once fired from a firearm. The diameter and length of a barrel can vary depending on the type of rifle.
But generally, longer barrels provide greater velocity and accuracy, while shorter barrels are more maneuverable and compact.
The inside of a barrel has spiral grooves that spin the bullet when fired, thus stabilizing it and aiding its accuracy and range.
The barrel determines a rifle’s caliber. A caliber is the diameter of the bullet that a gun is meant to fire, and this can have a significant impact on the accuracy and power of a rifle. Most larger calibers produce more power and greater recoil. (Reference: 3 main parts of a rifle)
A rifle’s other main part is the stock you hold onto. It can be made of different materials, including wood, metal, and synthetic material.
It’s essential as it gives the shooter a comfortable and stable grip. It also absorbs recoil after firing the rifle.
Check out this video that goes into further detail about the main parts of a rifle:
Internal Parts of a Gun
A gun consists of a few internal parts which work together to allow the firing of a bullet. Some of the most significant internal parts include the following:
- Magazine: This is the storage or container that holds the ammunition. It can be detachable or integral to the gun. It can also hold different numbers of bullets depending on the type of gun.
- Hammer: This piece of metal strikes the firing pin to ignite the cartridge and fire the gun.
- Trigger: This part resembles a lever, and it’s the mechanism a shooter pulls to release the firing pin.
Other parts of a gun include the firing pin, bolt, and safety.
Which Part of the Rifle Initiates the Shot When It Is Moved?
The trigger is part of the rifle that initiates the shot when moved. When pulled, it activates the firing pin, which strikes the cartridge, thereby igniting gunpowder that propels the bullet out of the barrel.
For similar reading see our write up on correct rifle control.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the major parts of the rifle?
The major parts of the rifle are the action, barrel, and stock.
What 3 parts of the rifle are critical to firearm safety?
The three parts of the rifle critical to firearm safety include the safety, trigger, and barrel.
What are the main parts of a shotgun?
Like a rifle, the main parts of a shotgun include the stock, barrel, and action.
How many parts are there in a rifle?
The number of parts in a rifle isn’t fixed. They will vary depending on the make and model.
- Texas Parks and Wildlife, Chapter 2 – Firearms and Ammunition. Retrieved from https://tpwd.texas.gov/education/hunter-education/online-course/firearms-and-ammunition-1
Dakota Potts is a gunsmith, armorer, and gun rights advocate with nearly 10 years of experience. He is well respected in the industry and his work has appeared on various industry leading firearm publications. He enjoys learning about firearm history and technology. You can follow Dakota Potts on Youtube or see his Facebook.


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Sometimes the best way to get to people’s mind is through unconventional ways, so I decided to go with an idea I had and see what happens ;)
I’m a big fan of music in general (classic, rock & roll, blues, jazz, techno), but during the last couple of years I’ve been focusing my attention on electronic music and all of it’s different styles.
Inside my list of favourite artists of all times is Tijs Michiel Verwest a.k.a Tiësto (picture), a Dutch Dj who made drastic changes in the history of electronic music and how music was created and presented to people, from live shows around the world (when nobody else was doing them), short and long albums to a great mixing of sounds of all kinds.
That’s why I picked him and one of his greatest remixes, from one of the best tours of electronic music around the world ever made, to explain the purpose of this post:
Confirmation by Fred Baker Vs. Nyram (Tiësto remix)
Yes, you should play the song so you will get the whole idea while you keep reading ;)
Is the song playing now? (I know, we all hate youtube ads)
Is the song playing now?…Good! keep reading and take your time.
Why a song can’t represent your day, your month or even your life in just 5 minutes? I say it actually can.
There are really few songs where I can find myself experiencing these 3 situations, I call them stages:
(Keep the song rolling…)
Usually represents the first part of the song, this is a big part of the song and also of your time, because here you analyze almost everything, you pull together all the data you can and start taking notes, making conclusions, doing researches everywhere and at any moment.
Everything in your life and in your day initiates with a doubt, whether is deciding what close to wear, to what party go on saturday night, to what collegue assist, how to say “no” to your children’s bad habits, etc..
The fact here is:
Doubts lead to options, options lead to choices. You evaluate them, size them and think of them.
And suddenly, after a while, that’s where you…
“Make the jump”
This second stage gets represented here, please sync with the song:
(2.20 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41VWekw-x8k#t=140
You’ve made your decision now, this is going to lead you to be a better person, better college, better life, better set of skills, etc.
Heart’s beating fast right? it’s the adrenaline of knowing something is coming, something you have never imagined you could pull out, something that will make you feel awesome and grateful for the choice you’ve just made.
It’s not like jumping out of the bed, you know that, it’s a big chunk of emotions, people and thoughts to deal with.
Suddenly you start understanding and learning how to manage all this and pull it together.
And that’s the moment when you start…
“Enjoying the ride”
This third stage gets represented here, please sync with the song:
(3.13 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41VWekw-x8k#t=193
Climax of the song, climax in this moment, in your day or even in your life.
Now you’re enjoying the results of the decision made, maybe meeting new people, maybe going into that vacation so long waited, achieving a new set of skills or just getting into that awesome party.
(keep enjoying the song to the end)
Nice experience for only 1 song right?
The coolest part here is that from the very moment we’re aware of all these stages and processes involved, days and the meaning of songs will never be the same again.
At the end of the song/day/month/year, the only thing that hasn’t changed it’s the song itself, the song will remain with the same timing, rhythms, but hopefully you have changed, your life, your career, your skills, your meetings, your company, etc.
This happens to me with really really few songs, but this is enough to remind me that every day/month/year on your life you will get through these stages:
- You know there will be doubts,
- you know there is a jump to make,
- but you must always know there is a ride to enjoy,
so I say to you “go for it!”.
Try these simple steps with other songs too. Before you notice it, you’ll understand and incorporate the whole idea ;)

domain: entertainment


text:
"Everyone has one special thing."11 September 1997Drama155 mins
Set in 1977, back when sex was safe, pleasure was a business and business was booming, idealistic porn producer Jack Horner aspires to elevate his craft to an art form. Horner discovers Eddie Adams, a hot young talent working as a busboy in a nightclub, and welcomes him into the extended family of movie-makers, misfits and hangers-on that are always around. Adams' rise from nobody to a celebrity adult entertainer is meteoric, and soon the whole world seems to know his porn alter ego, "Dirk Diggler". Now, when disco and drugs are in vogue, fashion is in flux and the party never seems to stop, Adams' dreams of turning sex into stardom are about to collide with cold, hard reality.
Diana is a Roman wife happily married to sympathetic Paolo but she is keen on playing benign games of seduction with other men while resisting the advances of chic lingerie shop owner Silvio and she narrates her adventures to Paolo in order to stimulate their otherwise monotonous sexual life.
Three detectives in the corrupt and brutal L.A. police force of the 1950s use differing methods to uncover a conspiracy behind the shotgun slayings of the patrons at an all-night diner in this lush tribute to tough film noir crime films.
84 years later, a 101-year-old woman named Rose DeWitt Bukater tells the story to her granddaughter Lizzy Calvert, Brock Lovett, Lewis Bodine, Bobby Buell and Anatoly Mikailavich on the Keldysh about her life set in April 10th 1912, on a ship called Titanic when young Rose boards the departing ship with the upper-class passengers and her mother, Ruth DeWitt Bukater, and her fiancé, Caledon Hockley.

domain: library


Guyana Amazon Warriors bank first CPL win of the season despite Johnson Charles fireworks
South African wicketkeeper Heinrich Klaasen made 61 not out in a comfortable chase of 162, with Guyana reaching their target with six wickets and 10 balls to spare. Earlier, Charles had made 87 out of St Lucia King's 161 for 7
Guyana Amazon Warriors recorded an emphatic Caribbean Premier League victory over St Lucia Kings as Heinrich Klaasen led the visitors home at the Daren Sammy Stadium.
South African wicketkeeper Klaasen made 61 not out in a comfortable chase of 162, with Guyana reaching their target with six wickets and 10 balls to spare.
Klaasen came to the crease with the score 37 for 2 in the fifth over, which became 46 for 3 when Colin Ingram was dismissed by Jeavor Royal, but ensured that the Amazon Warriors did not collapse.
Johnson Charles made 87 in vain for St Lucia Kings [CPL/Getty Images]
He shared in a fourth-wicket partnership worth 66 in 7.3 overs with Shimron Hetmyer (32), before teaming up with Keemo Paul (21*) to bring the chase to a conclusion.
It completed Guyana's first victory of the campaign, following a pair of defeats and a washout, while St Lucia have one win from five outings.
Earlier, the Kings' total of 161 for 7 was underpinned by a brutal 87 by Johnson Charles. The opener crashed five sixes in his 59-ball innings but only two of his teammates reached double figures.
After Johnson's first-wicket stand with Faf du Plessis was broken at 93 - with the first ball of the ninth over, bowled by Tabraiz Shamsi - the innings steadily slowed. St Lucia managed just 68 more runs from their remaining 71 deliveries.
Welcome to www.thecricketer.com - the online home of the world’s oldest cricket magazine. Breaking news, interviews, opinion and cricket goodness from every corner of our beautiful sport, from village green to national arena.


text: Looking for Black Females Alive ! Beauty doesn’t need color, race or origin. Beauty is a beauty and it can be from any origin of the world. Some people think probably beauty is limited to the people with white color but in fact, there are hundreds of black female artists in the world that have more beautiful, gorgeous and sex appealing bodies than white female artists across the globe. Read through the article to know about ten hottest black women/artists at the moment.[caption id="attachment_2749" align="aligncenter" width="777"] Jada Pinkett Smith Black Females Alive[/caption] Jada Pinkett Smith, a 41-year-old Hollywood beauty, is still at the No. 10 in this list. She is recognized as sexiest/hottest black female author, director, producer, actress, businesswoman and singer-songwriter in United States. Jada started her entertainment career by making a guest appearance in 1990 in “True Colors”, a short-lived sitcom. She has performed in “The Nutty Professor”, “Menace II Society”, “A Different World”, “Set It Off”, “The Matrix Revolutions”, “Scream 2” and “The Matrix Reloaded”. She is simply gorgeous.[caption id="attachment_2750" align="aligncenter" width="796"] Emanuela de Paula Black Females Alive[/caption] Looking at the beautiful eyes, body structure and gorgeous personality of Emanuela de Paula, one can say that she should be among top 5. But this list is based on public opinions. This 23-year-old Brazilian model is simply the holder of amazing, sexiest and hottest body that appeals many. The notable UK retailer “Next” made her their face for couple year from 2010 to 2011. She has also present “Gina Tricot” as their only new model.[caption id="attachment_2751" align="aligncenter" width="776"] Kerry Washington Black Females Alive[/caption] Kerry Washington is a 35-year-old stunning black beauty of Hollywood film industry who earned nationwide fame for the character of Della Bea Robinson, wife of Ray Charles in “Ray”, a movie released in 2004. Her character in “Fantastic Four” also earned her worldwide fame. She has been presenting her acting talent in Hollywood industry since 1994. Her other notable characters were of “The Dead Girl” and “Our Song”.[caption id="attachment_2752" align="aligncenter" width="661"] Jessica White Black Females Alive[/caption] Don’t get confused with the name Jessica White that she is a white woman. This is a stunning black beauty in fact who is an occasional actress but a regular singer and model of United States. This Buffalo, New York resident is at No. 7 in this list. White has been working with “Brandsway Creative” at the moment. A famous show “America’s Next Top Model” featured Jessica White on October 14, 2009. White has appeared in many music videos so far.[caption id="attachment_2753" align="aligncenter" width="766"] Gabrielle Union Black Females Alive[/caption] Gabrielle Union grabbed sixth position as a sexiest/hottest black artist alive. She is a notable former model and current actress in United States who started her career in 1993. She earned nationwide fame for playing a cheerleader character in “Bring it On” against Kirsten Dunst. The other notable film appearance of Gabrielle Monique Union was in “Bad Boys II”. Her character in “City of Angeles” as a medical doctor was also a super hit. [smartads][caption id="attachment_2754" align="aligncenter" width="642"] Meagan Good Black Females Alive[/caption] Meagan Good is also among hottest black female artists alive. This 31-year-old American television and film artist is also recognized as an occasional film producer in the industry. Good entered in the entertainment industry even at age 4. The professional career of this black beauty (Meagan Good) has made her appearances in numerous music videos, feature films, television shows and commercials. She has winning the hearts by giving her on-screen appearances to people since 1991.[caption id="attachment_2755" align="aligncenter" width="674"] Melyssa Ford Black Females Alive[/caption] Wow! What a stunning body she has. Melyssa Ford probably got fourth position in this list only for her growing age. Otherwise, I would rate her equally sexiest female artist as I feel Beyonce. This Canadian actress and model is currently 35 at the moment but still possess hottest body that never let a man to take his eyes off. This tall Canadian model is also referred as “Jessica Rabbit” among her fans’ circle. This stunning black beauty was discovered by Little X in late 1990s when Ford was a bartender at a nightclub in Toronto.[caption id="attachment_2756" align="aligncenter" width="731"] Rihanna Black Females Alive[/caption] Look at the body structure of this 24-year-old Barbadian recording artist and actress who has won millions of hearts for two different reasons; one for her magical voice and second for her hottest body structure obviously. She was born as Robyn Rihanna Fenty but earned worldwide fame as Rihanna only. She made a golden move in 2004 when she reached United States in the age of 16 only, just to pursue her bright music career. She finally achieved her dreams and became third hottest black female artist alive.[caption id="attachment_2757" align="aligncenter" width="739"] Beyonce Knowles Black Females Alive[/caption] Though first position is with Halle Berry in result of a recently held public poll but I personality believe that Beyonce Knowles is the only black female artist that can have first position in all. She is beautiful, she is gorgeous, she is sexy and most of all, she is a magical voice that rules millions of hearts. I would say her sexiest/hottest female artist I ever seen in my life. This American singer actress, record producer, songwriter and dancer has been ruling the world of music for couple of years.[caption id="attachment_2758" align="aligncenter" width="775"] Halle Berry Black Females Alive[/caption] No one can deny the beauty and sex-appealing body of Halle Berry. She grabs first position in this list in the third successive year. You may say her “Hottest Black Woman Alive”. She actually gained this fame in result of recently held survey in a television poll in Untied States. The Esquire Magazine also announced Halle Berry as “Hottest Woman Alive”. She is currently among most expensive actresses of world’s No. 1 entertainment industry Hollywood. If you enjoy this article you may also enjoy hottest Female singers article.


text:
The Management of TVC News and TVC Communications has dissociated itself from the purported Presidential debate to be conducted by its various TV and Radio Channels as announced by an impostor TVC News handle on Twitter.
The management made the clarification following the viral tweet from the impostor handle announcing a Presidential debate for all candidates in the 2023 Presidential election.
The Management urged all Nigerians to disregard the purported debate as an hoax that did not originate form its stables.
The Social Media handles of the brand of TVC Communications according to the release are @tvcnewsng on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.
The issue of Fake News in the period leading up to the 2023 Elections have been one that has dominated discussions among experts on how to curb it and prevent it from causing chaos.
The Social Media has been fingered by many experts and observers as a source of worry that must be properly monitored due to the propensity for fake and unfounded information to thrive.
Read Full Statement Below…
“Our attention has been drawn to a publication by a hoax twitter account “TVCNews.ng purportedly announcing a presidential debate to be conducted by TVC News.
TVC News and TVC Communications management dissociate itself from this online channel and all information contained therein.
This is a fraudulent Twitter account and has no connection, whatsoever, with TVC News, or any TVC Communications outlets.
The general public is hereby advised to avoid any dealings with this group or persons organizing such debate.
Our official social media handles remain @tvcnewsng on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.


text:
The session on 'Promotion of Open Access' now online
During the fifth webinar of the Open Access Week@AIMS on Thursday Stefano Anibaldi, Peter Hessels and Sridhar Gutam presented their experiences on how to promote Open Access in different parts of the world. Stefano Anibaldi started with the presentation about AGRIS and followed by Peter Hessels who introduced the OA-RCSP programme for Africa. Sridham Gutam closed the session with the current developments of Open Access in India and the presentation of Open Access India.
Access the audio recording and presentation slides
You can access anytime the recording using the same software requirements (Java version 1.5 or higher) as were necessary to listen to the Webinars, If you have any problem, please don't hesitate to write to us at [email protected].
Overview of 'Results of the New AGRIS Vision 2007-2012: advocating for Open Access to Research'
The AGRIS Network that exists since 1975 and provides links and metadata to scientific agricultural information supports the accessibility and exchange of Agricultural knowledge. Since 2007 AGRIS works with the Open Access principles by promoting full text entries and by introducing corresponding tools and interoperability standards.
The AGRIS Network consists of more than 150 institutions and collaborates inter alia with CIARD, CGIAR and GFAR. It includes more than four million bibliographic records and from the 500,000 resources that have been harvested and indexed during the last five years 50% lead the users to full-text publications. Especially in 2012 there was high increase of full-text links.
Interoperability is guaranteed by the use of the OAI-PMH protocol which is also employed by Service providers such as ScIELO or DOAJ and by the fact that AGRIS can also use data from different metadata formats. FurthermoreAGRIS promotes software used internationally that support the creation of online repositories like AgriDrupal or AgriOceanDSpace and is facilitated by the OA services in the CIARD ring.
“It is witness of a growing awareness of Open Access journals that address us to have their data incorporated in the AGRIS Network”, concludes Stefano Anibaldi.
Questions from the Audience
How many contributions in AGRIS are approximately from Africa? This cannot be said exactly but the share of African contributions is rather low. Still AGRIS is also harvesting the African repositories in order to get a better picture of the African literature.
What hinders African institutions to participate more in AGRIS? On the one hand there are a lot of partnerships with African institutions and AGRIS conducts several workshops in Africa. On the other hand it is difficult to access the data due to technical restrictions. Other obstacles are the unawareness of the benefits of Open Access and a lack of technical knowledge on repositories. These problems can be solved in the future.
Can data providers in India have a space where research outputs can be published until the initiative installs its own repository? The CIARD Ring presents all corresponding services and should be contacted. There are also Indian repositories like Agropedia which can be used.
About Stefano Anibaldi
Stefano is an information management officer and works for FAO of the United Nations for more than 30 years.
He has been working with AGRIS for more than a decade and is specifically involved in the data ingestion and indexing of the AGRIS database.
Overview of 'Open Access Repository Capacity Strengthening Programme for Africa (OA-RCSP)'
The collaborative programme OA-RCSP supports research institutions in Africa with the establishment of Open Access repositories and thus facilitates the access and use of knowledge. It is conducted by the Royal Tropical Institute of the Netherlands, the Association of African Universities and other collaborators like the UNESCO, INASP, national consortia and several other institutions.
The OA-RCSP includes a wide range of different activities and products like a toolkit, a knowledge sharing platform, training modules, workshops and the mobilization of resources. One of its key features is the building of corresponding communities and networks s that should ensure a sustainable information management on Open Access principles without binding the users to a specific software.
The support will be provided during the whole process of the repository development: Assistance will be given during the conceptualization, planning, implementation and management of Open Access repositories. Still the process is completely performed by the African organizations and only facilitated by OA-RCSP.
Peter Hessels invites all interested people to contribute and collaborate on www.ir-africa.info.
Questions from the Audience
Does the programme also work for countries outside Africa like Bangladesh? Currently there is no collaboration with organizations from Bangladesh but the programme is not limited to Africa and the collaboration with other countries is possible.
What is the difference between the library system and digital repositories? A library system refers to existing books published by different institutions and authors while a repository includes mostly publications by the institution itself. An institutional repository can be part of a library system.
Which software is best for digital repositories? This depends on the circumstances of every organization and can best be answered on the Question&Answers section on the AIMS website. The AIMS team gives individual support to all who are interested in software for the creation of an digital repository!
About Peter Hessels
After jobs in retail business Peter started working for the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) in Amsterdam at the information & Library Services Department in 2003, working with library management systems, virtual knowledge communities, content management, digitalization, website development and ICT4D. Peter combines practical technical knowledge with understanding business processes.
Overview of 'Open Access in India'
Although the Indian Open Access movement started already in 2002 and was supported by an recommendation for Open Access by the Indian National Knowledge Commission in 2007, the country faces several problems with the promotion of Open Access: India struggle with a lack of awareness for Open Access and of expertise in the use of repository software, unclear copyright policies, a quite orthodox scholar society and in particular with the absence of Open Access policy mandates.
Despite of the rather slow growth of Indian Open Access initiatives there are currently about 450 Indian Open Access journals and about 92 Indian Open Access Repositories. In order to foster the Indian Open Access Movement an online group with the name “OAIndia” has been formed in 2011 by Indian scholars. It promotes the discussion around Open Access, strengthens the capacity building for repository administration and develops appropriate Open Access policies as well as a repository for members and a database on copyright policies. OAIndia is following the manifesto of CIARD and collaborates closely with AIMS.
About Sridhar Gutam
Sridhar Gutam, PhD is currently working as Senior Scientist (Plant Physiology) at the Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
He is an active advocate of Open Access and is one of the founders of “Open Access India”, a group of Open Access evagelists.
URL for more info: http://aims.fao.org/oa-week-2012


Tag: UN Decolonization CommitteeUN Decolonization Committee
Argentina's Foreign minister Hector Timerman together with Latam representatives called on UN chief Ban Ki Moon and demanded talks with the UK on the Falklands/Malvinas Islands sovereignty, but Britain again refused, pointing to the Islanders' overwhelming vote this month to remain British.
The Argentine ruling coalition and opposition lawmakers have coordinated efforts to convene an extraordinary session of the Senate to draw up a unanimous rejection of the referendum taking place Sunday and Monday in the Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands government complained on Tuesday that the Chairman of the UN Decolonization Committee, Ambassador Diego Morejón Pazmiño is not acting with the impartiality that his role demands and revealed a letter, which remains unanswered, inviting the ambassador to visit the Falklands matching his informative trip to Argentina on the sovereignty of the Islands dispute.
Foreign minister Alfredo Moreno ratified Chilean support for Argentina’s sovereignty claim over the Falklands/Malvinas Islands during a meeting with a delegation from Andean countries belonging to the “Solidarity Group with Malvinas”.
By John J. Metzler (*) At the time of the 1982 invasion, Argentina was run by a military junta who unwisely played the nationalism card and seized the islands 300 miles off the coast of South America.
(By COHA*) - Taking advantage of the 30th anniversary of the Falkland Islands War (April 2/June 14), Argentine President Cristina Fernández and her administration have become increasingly confrontational toward the United Kingdom regarding the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands.
UK PM David Cameron has refused to accept a letter from Argentina's president about her country's claim to the Falklands Islands. PM Cameron approached President Cristina Fernandez before the first session of the G20 summit in Mexico, No 10 said.
Spain made a calm but classic contribution before the United Nations Decolonization Committee (C24) last week defending territorial integrity arguments but also warning the Committee not to de-list Gibraltar without sticking to the current UN criteria.
Spain is scared to test its “feeble claims” in Court, whether in respect of Gibraltar’s undisputable right to self determination or its undisputable waters. That was the charge made by Gibraltar Chief Minister Fabian Picardo on Friday before the United Nations Committee of 24 as he challenged Madrid to take these issues to the appropriate international courts.
United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon reiterated his good offices to help resolve the Falklands/Malvinas sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the UK, but also pointed out “as long as the parties are willing to engage”.


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text:
German Village as a Case Study
This chapter explores German Village as a case study. German Village is a neighborhood located in Columbus, Ohio. I begin this chapter by describing some of the changes that are happening in the Central Ohio region, Columbus and some of its urban neighborhoods, highlighted the renewed interest in urbanity. I then describe German Village in more detail.
Establishment and Maturity as an Urban Neighborhood, circa 1830 to 1940
Before the ‘German Village’ identity, the area was known simply as the South End, along with many other neighborhoods. The area was settled in the mid-19th century by German immigrants and has street names like Kossuth, Frankfort, and Jaegar, to prove it. Germans were pushed to leave their homeland by war and famine, arriving en masse between 1840 and 1880 (Clark, 2015), but many arrived even earlier.
A 1927 thesis by Ira Blanchard generalized the entire South Side as “another region of foreigners…mixed up with the colored people in the north part of the region and with the descendants of the old German settlers through most of the region in general” (Blanchard, 1922, p. 117). The area also contained many stores owned and operated by immigrants “composed of about a dozen nationalities,” indicating the diversity of ethnic groups—not singularly German. These characterizations do not isolate the current German Village area as particularly more German or distinct from the South Side as a larger neighborhood.
Even before the work of Blanchard, the German section was noticed by scholars as an especially strong ethnic enclave. Eminent Chicago School sociologist Roderick Duncan McKenzie described the South Side in his 1923 study The Neighborhood: A Study of Local Life in Columbus, Ohio. He wrote that in 1910, Columbus’ 5,722 foreign-born Germans were the largest foreign-born group in the city. Of the neighborhood, he wrote, “The renowned German section of the city extends along South High Street from Livingston Avenue as far south as Washington Park, bounded on the east by Parsons Avenue, and on the west by the Hocking Valley track… The whole community, just outlined, is fundamentally German.” McKenzie offered more detailed descriptions of life in the German section: “The dwellings represent the typical German village structure,” he wrote, “built close up to the sidewalk, with garden space and chicken house in the rear. Many of the alleys are lined with small residences. Frequently the owner of a fine home will have a small building on the rear of his lot occupied by a tenant family” (McKenzie, 1923, p. 156). The historic district boundaries of today, then, appear to include just a small portion of the heritage area populated by Germans in the past.
Along with Old World architecture, the neighborhood had social clubs, institutions, schools, and newspapers for German-speaking residents. The first local German newspaper began printing in 1833, and German businesses were popping up to accommodate the influx of people (Rippley, 1968). Their migration occurred during a tumultuous time in German history, when multiple territories were being brought into the fledgling German Empire. A large portion of the migrants to Columbus were of the Swabian and Bavarian groups, bringing with them their own unique customs but having the Germanic language as a common denominator (Clark, 2015).
The neighborhood was an enclave of German-born and German-speaking residents until the early-mid 20th century. To serve the new residents, the south side supported “a variety of businesses; most focused on daily necessities…[b]ake houses, blacksmith shops, saloons, wallpaper shops, slaughterhouses, barbershops, wagon shops, tailors, grocers, stone cutters and upholsterers were scattered throughout” (Graichen, 2010, p. 65). An important piece of German Village’s identity has always been a mixed-use environment. The concept of separating land uses among residential, commercial, retail, and others was not considered during this period of the neighborhood’s history. Homes and shops “were mixed with dwellings, for this was a walking community where local merchants and artisans were also neighbors” (Campen, 1978, p. 7). The business mix was such that Campen considered it to be a “self-sufficient neighborhood” where “markets, groceries, confectionery shops and taverns were randomly dispersed amidst residences (Campen, p. 68).
To access the variety of shops and amenities, the primary mode of transportation was walking, though horses were also available. Evidence of horse transportation is still visible today through limestone steps along the sidewalk designed to assist riders as they dismounted from carriages. The figure below illustrates the step, directly in front of the door on the left.
The advent of the streetcar era around the turn of the 20th century included German Village. The neighborhood would have been nearly built-out by 1901 when a streetcar map shows lines on S. High Street, E. Livingston, E. Whittier, and Parsons Avenue to the east. By 1906, there was also a line running along Mohawk, around Schiller Park and down Jaeger Street, serving the interior of the neighborhood. Streetcars served the area until the late 1930s and early 1940s when busses replaced them.
Unlike other urban neighborhoods of Columbus, German Village was built-out before the construction of streetcar rails in the area. With a general gradient in age (older to younger) from the north to the south and from the west to the east” (Travis, 1973, p. 52), most structures in the neighborhood were built between 1830 and 1900—before streetcars.
Some areas of Columbus, like the Clintonville and Old Town East neighborhoods, are considered “streetcar suburbs” because they developed in tandem or because of the extension of streetcar lines, which made the more distant areas accessible to jobs in the downtown area. This was not the case in German Village, however. The neighborhood was also considered
urban in terms of public schools, according to historic listings in the city directory. Beginning in 1910, the City Directory listed public schools and suburban schools separately. Suburban listings included neighborhoods like Milo-Grogan, Clintonville, South Linden, and the University District—but never schools in or near German Village (See Appendix C for full school listings). This indicates that the near south end was always considered part of the central city. As such, the neighborhood has always been pedestrian-oriented. The infrastructure and architecture developed entirely before the advent of automobility, which has an approximate date of 1930 in the U.S. (Norton, 2011, p. 11). The rise of car-oriented infrastructure and culture was one of the many factors that contributed to the decline of the South End, according to historian Campen: “the growth of suburbs and the proliferation of the automobile, sent the Village into a decline (1978, p. 26).
The economic state of the German immigrant neighborhood was, not surprisingly, regarded as working class. The neighborhood weathered the Great Depression better than other areas of Columbus, according to Elmer. It also maintained a sense of pride despite ranking low in a 1918 measure of personal property returns by sociologist McKenzie (see Figure 5: Columbus map of personal property value by ward, 1918). The average value for household furniture for an elector in Ward 2 was $67.56, the fourth lowest in the city. Despite this lower ranking,
the German area had a “greater mixture of economic levels” than anywhere else in the city, and residents were regularly “decorating their humble little cottages with flowers and plants,” a behavior that indicated “people's pride in their own homes.” Elmer also noted that even though many people were considered poor and there was deterioration of the physical structures, “the area had an exceptionally low crime rate” and “the Village area remained quite stable” during this period.
Period of Decline, circa 1940 to 1960
While there is not a distinct year that marks the decline of German Village, the prevailing narrative is that suburbanization led to depopulation and physical deterioration. In addition to automobility and suburbanization, “the loss of employment in the immediate area…left many a simple, deteriorating Village residence open to occupancy by the lowest and most disadvantaged elements of society who had either the means, nor the will to properly maintain it” (Campen, 1978, p. 10). There is also a claim that zoning of the neighborhood to allow manufacturing and commercial uses in 1923 contributed to a decline in desirability (Clark, 2015, p. 95). However, industrial firms were in the neighborhood much earlier than 1923. The Columbus Watch Company produced time pieces at 79 Thurman Avenue, in a building constructed in 1882 that housed a “small army of workers to turn out up to 150 pocket watches a day” (Clark, 2015, p. 151). There was also the Martin Carpet Cleaning company at Jaeger and Sycamore, a dry cleaning facility complete with a smokestack (Clark, 2015, p.103) as well as a small mineral water bottling company at 791 Lazelle street in 1910. One of the most popular name sakes of German Village also used the neighborhood for an industrial purpose. The Schmidt family, owners of the popular German-themed restaurant
that has attracted tourists to the area since 1967, owned a meat-packing and processing facility where hogs were slaughtered until the banning of slaughter in city limits by Columbus City Council in the 1960s (Clark, 2015, p. 110). The idea that 1923 was a watershed year that marked the loss of a more pure residential enclave is difficult to sustain when considering the variety of land uses present in the neighborhood before that time.
The narrative of the period of decline paints an image of a suffering neighborhood saved by the “initiatives of Mr. Frank Fetch in the 1950s and the formation of the German Village Society in January, 1960” (Campen, 1978, p. 26). In oral history interviews, one resident discussed how the neighborhood was “probably 30% to 40% boarded up and it was kind of lost” in the 1950s (Oral History Interviews; Phillips, p. 2). Another resident called it a “really broken down neighborhood” when she moved there in 1961 (Oral History Interviews; Lilly,
1) and another said her parents asked if she had “move[d] into Skid Row or something” (Oral History Interviews; Kight, 1). Contrary to the image of the south side as desperate, U.S. Census figures show stability from 1940 to 1960 in key indicator areas. Population figures declined minimally in both census tracts from 1940 to 1960, for a total loss of 960 people over 20 years. The unemployment rate decreased substantially over the time period, from over 10% to an average around 3% for both tracts. The rate of owner-occupied properties, an important indicator of neighborhood stability, actually increased by just over 5% on average between the two census tracts from 1940 to 1960. Despite these signs of stability, the vacancy rate for dwelling units did increase over the 20-year period, but by less than a 2% average. For reference, the vacancy rate in 1970 rose to 5.85% on average, even after ten years of structural renovations.
In his detailed case study of the German Village restoration, Elmer wrote that “census figures do not actually paint a picture of doom for the area, but with less than 37 percent owner occupancy and with over 36 percent of the properties in an advanced state of deterioration, it is understandable that lending institutions became hesitant to invest in the area” (Elmer, 1970, p. 26). This points to the negative influence of federal and banking policies over the lack of will or concern of the population to keep up their properties. With institutions unwilling to loan money for home repair in a working-class neighborhood, residents were left with little choice but to watch their homes deteriorate as federal programs subsidized suburban growth through mortgage tax write-offs and highway construction.
It is likely that the image of hardship is most centrally attributed to the deterioration of physical structures rather than the socio-economic composition of the area. The images below illustrate examples of pre-restoration properties in German Village.
Figure 6: Photo of a property on Mohawk Street before restoration (Source: Scheurer, 1966)Figure 8: Rear of unidentified buildings in German Village (Source: Elmer, 1970) demonstrate the pre-restoration physical condition of some structures in the neighborhood, but do not provide a complete picture. By understanding the structural and demographic make-up of German Village in the period just before restoration, we can better imagine the neighborhood into which restorationists were moving. There is evidence to refute the narrative that the neighborhood was severely disadvantaged before the intervention of 1960.

domain: geography


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Creating a Healthier and Happier New Year Every Year
By Brandi Swieter
A healthier and happier new year can be achieved if everyone does their best to make it so. Continuing the same bad habits or staying isolated will only lead to loneliness, poor health, and negative feelings. Happiness and health should be the goal for everyone looking to make changes in their lives as the new year approaches and continues on.
Surround Yourself with Friends and Family
Being alone can take its toll. A feeling of isolation starts to set in with you've been alone for days on end with no social interaction. Surround yourself with friends and family in the new year, making as much time as possible for visits and special outings.
Incorporate Exercise into Daily Life
Too many people believe they head to the gym in order to exercise. There are little things you can do in your daily life that allows you to get some exercise time in. Taking the stairs instead of the elevator is one option. Dancing around the house more often is another. It starts with the little things to get the body and brain feeling well and wanting to continue the efforts in a bigger way down the line.
Choose Nutritious Foods and Snacks
Eating unhealthy foods and processed junk leads to weight gain, feelings of guilt and self-loathing, and poor health. Choosing nutritious foods and snacks is a small change people can make to start living a healthier and happier life. The right foods make people feel generally better. They can improve mood and boost energy instead of making you feel sluggish and bloated. Fruits and vegetables, water, whole grains, nuts, and protein-rich foods, such as lean meats, are best to eat and all provide benefits.
Volunteering and finding ways to help others is a great way to help yourself. It will boost your mood and help you to see how good you really have it. Giving back feels good and makes people feel as though they're doing something that matters. It's a simple and productive way to lead a happier life.
Living a healthier and happier life in the new year is possible. Follow these tips and see how drastically things can change for you. It will take time, though, so have some patience and continue to make efforts toward better health.
To learn more about your health, wellness, and fitness, see your local chiropractor at The Joint Chiropractic in Wilmington, N.C.

domain: psychology


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Cost of living and prices in Myanmar, prices of food, rent, shopping, etc 🇲🇲 Updated Jul 2023
Myanmar is situated in South-Eastern Asia, sharing borders with countries such as Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, and Thailand. The country spans over 678,500 square kilometers and has a population of 53,414,374 with a population density of 78.72 people per square kilometre. Burmese is the official language of Myanmar, and the country uses Burmese kyat as its currency. The country's GDP is $59,430,000,000, with a GDP per capita of $1113. Myanmar offers a unique and affordable cost of living experience for tourists and expats. The country's food, accommodations, and transportation are relatively inexpensive compared to Western countries. Apart from the low cost of living, Myanmar is known for its natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and historical significance. Tourists can explore ancient temples, pagodas, and monasteries across the country. One of the popular places to visit in Myanmar is the former royal city of Mandalay which has many cultural and historical landmarks. Another place to visit is Inle Lake, where tourists can experience the unique culture of the Intha people and witness the breathtaking beauty of the lake and surrounding mountains.
Cost of Living Estimate in Myanmar
You can calculate cost of living in Myanmar by changing quantity using input near each good or service. Resulting total will appear in a floating box in the bottom of your screen.
Myanmar is home to a diverse range of restaurants that offer a variety of flavors and cuisines. Visitors to the country can expect to find everything from local street food stalls to high-end dining establishments. Traditional Myanmar dishes tend to be rich in flavors and use fresh, locally sourced ingredients. Many dishes may incorporate rice, a variety of curries, and seafood. Vegetarians will also find a range of options, with many restaurants offering meat-free alternatives to popular dishes. For those looking for a unique dining experience, there are plenty of restaurants serving up fusion dishes that blend traditional Myanmar cuisine with flavors from around the world.
One of the most interesting aspects of eating in Myanmar is the prevalence of tea shops throughout the country. These casual eateries offer simple dishes, including traditional Myanmar breakfasts and snacks, along with a variety of teas. Visitors to the country should definitely take the opportunity to have a meal at one of these tea shops, which are often filled with locals enjoying a cup of tea and a quick bite. Additionally, food markets and street food stalls offer a chance to try local delicacies, including fried snacks, soups, and noodle dishes. While street food may not be for everyone, it can be a great way to experience the local culture and cuisine without breaking the bank.
Market prices in Myanmar can fluctuate greatly depending on various factors such as location, season, and availability of goods. Due to the country's underdeveloped economy, certain products can be costly when compared to neighboring countries. However, this also means that there are opportunities for entrepreneurs to import affordable goods and sell them at a slightly higher price for profit.
Travelers and locals alike should always exercise caution when making purchases in markets as bargaining is a common practice. It is important to research and compare prices beforehand to ensure a fair deal. Additionally, the country has experienced inflation in recent years, impacting overall market prices. As Myanmar continues to modernize and attract foreign investment, it will be interesting to see how the market prices evolve and adapt.
One of the most unique and immersive transportation options in Myanmar is by taking a ride on the circular train in Yangon. This slow-paced train ride takes passengers on a journey through the bustling markets and residential neighborhoods of the city, providing an up-close view of local daily life. The train cars are open-air, allowing for a refreshingly breezy ride, and the friendly locals onboard are usually happy to strike up a conversation with curious travelers. The circular train is a great way to experience Myanmar's culture and meet some friendly locals along the way.
For a more adventurous transportation option, travelers can embark on a boat journey up the Irrawaddy River. This vast river runs through the heart of Myanmar, passing by lush jungles, rural villages, and ancient temples. Boats can be rented for a journey of a few hours or for multi-day excursions, with the option to sleep onboard under the stars. The boat ride is an unforgettable way to see the beauty of Myanmar's natural landscapes and connect with the country's rich history and traditions.
Utilities Per Month prices
One thing to keep in mind when traveling in Myanmar is that utilities costs can be relatively high compared to other countries in the region. This includes things like electricity, water, and internet. While some areas may have more affordable options, travelers should be prepared to pay a bit more for utilities than they might expect.
Another factor to consider when it comes to utilities in Myanmar is the reliability. While power outages and water shortages are not uncommon in many parts of the country, some areas may have more consistent service than others. It's important to do research on the specific region you'll be visiting to get an idea of what to expect in terms of utilities reliability and cost. Planning ahead and choosing accommodations and activities that prioritize sustainable energy use can also be a good way to reduce your environmental impact while also potentially saving on utilities costs.
Sports And Leisure prices
Myanmar offers visitors a rich variety of sports and leisure activities to choose from. Adventurous travelers can enjoy trekking and hiking in rugged mountain terrain or exploring dense rainforests. Those seeking a more sedate experience will find plenty of opportunities for bird watching, photography, and cultural tours. The country's lakes and rivers offer ample opportunities for water-based sports, such as kayaking, rafting, and fishing. And of course, visitors can always relax and unwind in one of Myanmar's many luxurious resorts, spas, and wellness centers.
For sports enthusiasts, Myanmar has a thriving local football league and an active martial arts community. Visitors can watch matches or participate in training sessions and learn traditional fighting styles such as Bando or Lethwei. Golfing is also becoming increasingly popular, with courses available in Yangon and other major cities. Horse racing is another popular pastime, especially in major cities like Yangon and Mandalay, where visitors can watch races or even place their bets. Overall, Myanmar is a fascinating destination that will provide any traveler with a range of sports and leisure activities to suit their interests and preferences.
Salaries And Financing prices
Salaries and financing in Myanmar can vary greatly depending on the industry and location. In general, salaries are lower than in other Southeast Asian countries, but the cost of living is also lower. As a tourist, you may find that prices for goods and services are relatively affordable, but if you plan to work or invest in Myanmar, you'll need to research specific costs and opportunities related to your field. Keep in mind that Myanmar is still a developing country, so financing options may be limited, but there are a growing number of banks and financial institutions offering loans, savings accounts, and other financial services.
If you're considering a move to Myanmar for work or business, it's important to be aware of the local taxes and regulations. Myanmar operates on a flat tax system, with a fixed percentage of income taken as taxes. Depending on your earnings, you may be subject to different tax rates and exemptions. Additionally, regulations around investing and forming businesses can be complex, so it's recommended to work with a reputable local lawyer or business consultant to navigate these processes. Despite the challenges, Myanmar is an exciting and growing market with opportunities for businesses in a variety of sectors.
Childcare prices in Myanmar can vary significantly depending on the type of childcare and the location. In major cities like Yangon and Mandalay, parents can expect to pay higher fees for reputable schools and kindergartens that provide quality education and care for their children.
The cost of childcare in Myanmar also varies based on the type of institution. Private schools and international kindergartens are often more expensive than government-run schools and local kindergartens. However, parents may choose to pay more for private schools and international kindergartens because of their reputation and the quality of education that they provide for their children. It is important for parents to do research and budget accordingly when it comes to childcare in Myanmar.
Clothing And Shoes prices
When it comes to clothing and shoes, Myanmar offers a wide range of options for all budgets. From local markets and street vendors to high-end shopping malls, there are plenty of places to buy fashionable and quality clothing. Many of the markets in Myanmar offer traditional clothing made by local artisans, while shopping malls offer a variety of international brands. Whether you're looking for a trendy outfit or a traditional piece, you are sure to find something that suits your style.
Shoe lovers will be pleased to know that Myanmar offers a great selection of footwear as well. From sandals and flip flops to boots and sneakers, there is something for everyone. While local markets and street vendors offer affordable options, there are also a number of shoe stores in shopping malls that offer higher-end footwear. Whether you're in need of practical shoes for everyday wear or stylish shoes for a special occasion, Myanmar has got you covered.
Rent Per Month prices
If you're planning a trip to Myanmar, you might be wondering what your options are for short-term rental accommodations. Fear not, as the country has a variety of options that can suit any budget and preference. From quaint guesthouses to luxury hotels, there is no shortage of comfortable and convenient places to stay in Myanmar. Depending on your location and specific needs, you'll be able to find something that suits you perfectly.
Short-term rental options in Myanmar are widely available in most tourist hotspots, making it easy to find a place to stay regardless of your itinerary. From bustling cities like Yangon to serene countryside destinations like Kalaw or Inle Lake, you'll be able to find a variety of options. Whether you're looking to simply crash for the night after a long day of exploring or you need a comfortable base to call home for a few weeks, you can find what you're looking for in Myanmar.
Buy Apartment prices
Real estate buying options in Myanmar are starting to become more diverse, with new developments happening throughout the country. From luxurious condominiums to sprawling villas, there are various options for buyers. Additionally, there are options to purchase land for those interested in developing their own property. As the country continues to grow and develop, the real estate market is becoming more attractive to foreign investors.
Prices for real estate in Myanmar vary depending on location, property size, and type of property. While some areas are still relatively affordable, certain areas have seen a significant increase in prices due to high demand. However, prices are still generally lower compared to other Southeast Asian countries, making Myanmar an attractive destination for those looking to invest in real estate. Overall, the real estate market in Myanmar is experiencing growth and showing potential for future development and investment opportunities.


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If you’re looking for information on 2E, 2F, or 301/302, we gave them each their own writeup in this issue. Those may be the measures getting the most attention, but we wanted to help summarize and explain the other ballot measures you may be wondering about as well.
Referred By City Council:
2A – 2D
2A – 2D are four bond initiatives covering projects ranging from Globeville library branch construction to renovating the Sloan’s Lake Boat House — $450,030,000 for the entire package. The bond was referred to the ballot by the city council. Council split the 2E stock show bond off separately, and each measure can be voted on independently. Proponents argue it will create 7,000 jobs and have a $1 billion economic impact for the city. While there is no organized opposition, some opponents have criticized that not enough spending is going to address the city’s housing crisis or other priorities. To help you make your decision, we’re printing the full list of projects with this story.
Referred to the ballot by a unanimous vote of council, there is no organized campaign in favor or in opposition to 2G. This measure would give the city’s volunteer Citizen Oversight Board the ability to appoint the head of the Office of the Independent Monitor. That office oversees the police, fire, and sheriff’s departments. Currently the Mayor appoints the position. Arguably, a yes vote is a vote in favor of a slight decentralization of power, while a no vote keeps more power with the mayor’s office.
Also referred to the ballot by city council, 2H changes the election day for municipal elections. Currently, the city is out of compliance with federal election laws, mostly because military and other overseas ballots may not arrive in time during Denver’s quick runoffs. Denver Clerk and Recorder Paul Lopez and his office sent city council two recommendations: either change the election day or implement rank choice voting (also known as instant runoff voting). Either would bring the city into compliance. Council opted to send one question to voters: moving the general election day from May to April, which adds a month to the runoff, giving ballots more time to arrive.
There are no organized campaigns in support or opposition. Supporters argue this is the simplest fix to Denver’s election problems, preserving the system voters already know. Rank Choice Voting and other alternative voting system advocates argue council should have debated both options and possibly forwarded both for voters to choose between, as an alternative voting system could save the city around $1 million every election and eliminate lengthy, often negative, runoff elections.
The Pandemic Research Fund would raise sales tax on marijuana purchases from 5.5% to 7%. Funds would be directed for pandemic research conducted by the University of Colorado Denver’s CityCenter.
They argue the funds are needed to better prepare against future pandemics like COVID, specifically to reduce the impact on businesses, schools, and the general population.
There is no organized opposition, but several reports have criticized that the measure is funded by an out of state organization that does not have to report its donors. These so-called “dark money” groups collect funds from unknown sources and then make large contributions to campaigns so only the organization name appears. The campaign in favor is funded by a Delaware-based group called “Guarding Against Pandemics,” which has given over $500,000 directly and through in-kind contributions.
“Let’s Do Better” requires stricter enforcement of Denver’s camping ban while allowing Denver to establish up to four authorized camping locations. If 303 passes, the city would be required to remove camps within 3 days. If they fail to, citizens can sue the city. The four sanctioned camps would have to include running water, restrooms, and lighting. The city is under federal court orders to provide at least 7 days notice before removing large encampments, which means the issue could end up in the courts if passed.
The campaign is headed up by Garrett Flicker, chair of the Denver Republican Party. 303 is funded by “Defend Colorado.” Defend Colorado, like the organization explained in the 300 write up above, does not disclose its donors and the initiative has been criticized as only having one untraceable source. Defend CO is also funding the campaign in support of 2F (see page X for more information on 2F) and 304, which is explained below.
A campaign in opposition called “Let’s Do Our Best” was created shortly before ballots were mailed, formed by individuals involved with several nonprofits focused on advocacy. City officials have almost unanimously come out in opposition including council passing a resolution in opposition.
Sponsored by the “Enough Taxes Already” campaign, 304 would reduce Denver’s aggregate sales tax from 4.81% to 4.5%, meaning some taxes may have to be reduced if others are increased, keeping the total rate at 4.5%. If 304 passes, the expected reduction in the city’s 2022 budget would be between $50 million and $80 million.
The initiative was also created by Garrett Flicker, chair of the Denver Republican Party. Like 303 and 2F, it’s also funded by Defend Colorado, a nonprofit organization that does not release information on it’s donors. Mr. Flicker did not respond to an inquiry for more information and no website or other public information could be found.
City officials also strongly came out in opposition, noting the conflicts of different sales tax measures and problems in funding city services. Council also passed a resolution in opposition.
According to Mayor Hancock,
“If passed, 304 would immediately result in the need to cut up to $80 million from the budget – $80 million – including potential cuts to the city’s dedicated sales tax initiatives. It will mean fewer police officers and firefighters keeping neighborhoods safe, less maintenance on our roads and in our parks, less affordable housing and services for unhoused residents, and less support for businesses and workers trying to get back on their feet after this pandemic. It would gravely put our recovery at risk.”