text:
|Publication number||US5535667 A|
|Application number||US 08/485,734|
|Publication date||Jul 16, 1996|
|Filing date||Jun 7, 1995|
|Priority date||Aug 14, 1992|
|Also published as||CA2142344A1, DE69314962D1, DE69314962T2, EP0658083A1, EP0658083B1, US5460845, WO1994004036A1|
|Publication number||08485734, 485734, US 5535667 A, US 5535667A, US-A-5535667, US5535667 A, US5535667A|
|Inventors||Joseph Dalmasso, Thaddeus Mielnik|
|Original Assignee||American Sterilizer Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (34), Classifications (19), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/247,471 filed on May 23, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,845 which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 930,857 filed Aug. 14, 1992, abandoned.
The present invention relates to the fumigation and decontamination of the surface of food products, including seeds, nuts, grains, fruits, spices, dried and dehydrated food products.
Decontamination food products such as seeds, grains, nuts, spices, dried and dehydrated foods and fruits of yeast, molds, fungi, bacteria (and other microorganism), insect larvae and eggs, insects and mycotoxins produced by certain fungi, including species of Penicillium and Aspergillus, is an important concern for food growers, packagers, processors and consumers. How best to treat such foods products without damaging the appearance, texture, taste or other organoleptic properties of the food and without imposing environmental or health risks, e.g. depositing carcinogenic or mutagenic chemicals onto the foods or releasing such chemicals into the environment, because of such treatments has long been an area of investigation. Currently, propylene oxide is commonly used to decontaminate food products. Unfortunately, propylene oxide treatment poses undesirable environment and carcinogenic risks. Other decontamination treatments involve the use of ethanol, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, and hypochlorite.
For purposes of this invention, the word decontamination is used to indicate that the food products have been rid of the undesirable organisms to enhance the shelf life and processing attributes of the food, including meeting the Federal Food and Drug Administration guidelines and food processor specifications. The word is meant to include the concepts of disinfestation and fumigation as well.
Current decontamination techniques do not decontaminate foods of all bacteria, molds, yeast or decompose mycotoxins found on food products. For example, Tilletia controversa, the causal agent of dwarf bunt of wheat, a disease occurring primarily in winter wheat growing in regions having prolonged snow cover is particularly difficult to kill. In fact, because there is no known occurrence of Tilletia controversa in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), the PRC requires that imported wheat be free of T. controversa teliospores. Accordingly, wheat from the United States is often not imported into the PRC. An economically feasible method to decontaminate wheat containing T. controversa is a solution to this problem.
The present invention overcomes the above described disadvantages of current decontaminate methods by decontaminating food products by exposing the food products to vapor phase hydrogen peroxide wherein the hydrogen peroxide vapor is generated from a multi-component solution and wherein the ratio of the hydrogen peroxide in the vapor is substantially the same weight percent composition as the liquid solution from which it was generated. In a first embodiment, the food product is exposed to one treatment of an effective amount of hydrogen peroxide vapor. This method has application at above, below and at ambient pressures. The liquid hydrogen peroxide concentration can be in any amount, preferably, but not limited to, from about 25-70%, while the concentration of vaporized hydrogen peroxide preferably ranges from 0.5-10 mg hydrogen peroxide/Liter volume of the exposure chamber or flow-through apparatus. The exposure chamber can be maintained at ambient, above and below ambient temperature. Achieving a hydrogen peroxide vapor concentration that is substantially the same weight percent composition as the liquid solution can be accomplished by any procedure which will flash vaporize the hydrogen peroxide solution. The appropriate concentration of hydrogen peroxide, exposure time, exposure pressure or vacuum, or flow-rates must be determined for each food product. These conditions must be determined empirically and will depend upon several factors, including:
1. surface area to volume ratio of the food product;
2. type of surface (i.e. skin, shell, casing)
3. presences of oil or fats;
4. level of cellulosic material present;
5. whether a batch, continuous or semi-continuous process is used; and
6. temperature at which one wishes to treat the product.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,642,165, provides an explanation of a method that achieves flash vaporization and that disclosure is incorporated herewith by reference. A product currently providing the appropriate flash vaporization is AMSCO's VHP Sterilizer. The equation for calculating hydrogen peroxide vapor concentration in an AMSCO VHP Sterilizer is as follows. ##EQU1## The injection rate and hydrogen peroxide concentration are for liquid hydrogen peroxide. The term "SCFM" means standard cubic feet/minute.
In another embodiment of this invention, vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide is generated by an AMSCO VHP Sterilizer. This instrument was used to produce hydrogen peroxide vapor from 35% hydrogen peroxide solution that is drawn into the sterilizer which is an air tight chamber by vacuum. The sterilization cycle consists of three phases: dehumidification of the chamber atmosphere, generation of hydrogen peroxide vapor, and aeration. The hydrogen peroxide vapor, at a concentration of 3-4 mg/L within the chamber during fumigation, does not condense from the vapor state, and no free water is present to influence its action. It may be desirable to preheat the food product and/or the chamber to a sufficient temperature in order to avoid any condensation. Running at higher temperatures can also permit higher injections of hydrogen peroxide, thus potentially enhancing the kill rate. One or more treatment cycles are possible. For example, when two operating cycles are employed, one may be a deep vacuum (ca. 38 mm Hg, cycle 1) and the other a shallow vacuum (ca. 400-580mm Hg, cycle 2) to inject the hydrogen peroxide vapor. Both cycles are aerated by deep vacuum evacuation of the chamber to remove residual hydrogen peroxide vapor followed by introduction of fresh air. The exhaust vapor is passed through a catalytic cell that oxidized the hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. The chamber temperature is normally 45-50 degrees C during a sterilizing cycle, although the temperature may be increased or decreased as determined necessary for effective treatment. In this process, the food product is exposed to the hydrogen peroxide for from about 3 to 30 minutes in each of the exposure steps to achieve a reduction in microbial levels. Exposure time may be increased or decreased to achieve the most efficient and effective treatment.
In an another embodiment of the present invention, rather than using an instrument where the food product is placed inside a chamber and removed in batch size quantities, it is contemplated that a conduit means will be used to pass the pre-sorted food product through a chamber being supplied by the hydrogen peroxide vapor generator. Such a conduit means can include, for example, a conveyor belt, an auger system or a shute system. The food product may then be aerated to remove the peroxide residuals by a variety of methods, for example, heating, subjecting the product to a vacuum, and supplying a volume of air or other gas over the product. The food is then conveyed to be finally packaged or proceed to further processing.
Although presently existing instruments have exposure chambers of from less than one cubic foot to 2000 cubic feet, it is contemplated that a chamber of any size can be built to accommodate any volume of food typically and normally encountered in the food industry. When using a conveyor system an air-tight chamber need not be used when exposing the food product to the vapor. It is contemplated that such a continuous process or semi-continuous process system may have multi unit processes, which could perform additional treatments to the food.
It is further envisioned that when working with dehydrated foods that are powders a fluidized bed reactor would be needed in order to ensure uniform opportunity for the gas to contact the surface of the individual food product particles.
It is therefore a main object of the present invention to provide a method of decontaminating seeds, grains, nuts, spices, dried and dehydrated food and fruits while avoiding environmental and toxicological problems. It is a further main object of the present invention to decompose any mycotoxins that may be present on the food product.
It is a another object of the invention to provide a method of decontaminating seeds, grains, nuts, spices, dried and dehydrated food and fruits in a continuous process so as to avoid the costs of decontamination of products by a batch method. Dried foods can include fruits such as raisins, prunes and the like. Dehydrated foods can include onion flakes, garlic powder, basil leaves, ginger root and the like.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve these objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, the present invention provides a method of decontaminating seeds, grains, nuts, spices, dried and dehydrated food and fruits using vapor phase hydrogen peroxide vapor that is of an effective concentration.
FIG. 1 is a schematic: diagram of one embodiment of a continuous processing system.
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The decontaminating system includes a conduit means (10) that transport the food product (11) into treatment chamber (15) whereupon the food product is preheated in a preheating portion (16) of chamber (15) and conveyed to a treatment portion (13) whereupon the food product is exposed to hydrogen peroxide vapor generated by the hydrogen peroxide vapor generator (12). The hydrogen peroxide vapor is introduced into the treatment portion (13) via an injector means (17). The food product is then conveyed to an aeration portion (14) of the chamber (15) where any
hydrogen peroxide vapor residue is removed. The food is then conveyed for packaging (20).
It is contemplated that in the use of this invention the seeds, grains, nuts, spices, fruits, and dried and dehydrated food products are exposed to hydrogen peroxide in an temperature controlled environment for an effective period of time in an effective concentration of hydrogen peroxide to decontaminate the food product and to decompose any mycotoxins on the food products. While the specific time, temperature and hydrogen peroxide concentration may vary from food product to food product depending on the nature of the food product, its outer surface and the target organism or mycotoxin, it would not take undue experimentation to determine a particular application protocol for a given food substance. The following are but illustrative examples of the present invention as applied on various food substances.
There are very few food products that have specifications of zero level of microorganisms. In fact, root crops and products from root crops (e.g. onion skins, onion powders, arrowroot, ginger) often have very high microbial counts. A reduction of these counts to a lower level is the only practical treatment process for the food industry.
Representative contaminants observed are Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Botrytis, Fusarium, and Rhizopus species. While aerobic plate counts can reflect a wide variety of organisms, members of the genus Bacillus are frequently found on food products, and are especially prominent in root crops, e.g. onion. Root crops also often have moderate levels of coliform bacteria because of the associated soil.
The following are but a few examples where this invention has been effective in decontaminating by reducing aerobic plate counts, molds, yeasts and coliforms on food products.
Large pieces of shelled walnuts (nutmeats) were treated in an atmosphere of vaporized hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of 2.1 and 4.2 mg/L at atmospheric pressure and room temperature (40° C.) for time periods of 7, 15, and 30 minutes. A two logarithmic reduction in microbial counts were observed. The results are provided below.
______________________________________ Microbial Counts After Exposure at Stated Exposure ConcentrationsAssay Initial Levels Time 2.1 mg/L 4.2 mg/L______________________________________Aerobic 2.3 × 104 /gr 7 min. 1.9 × 103 8.5 × 102Plate 15 min. 1.4 × 103 5.5 × 102Count 30 min. 1.0 × 103 8.5 × 102Yeast/ 9.6 × 103 /gr 7 min. 6.4 × 102 3.0 × 102Mold 15 min. 2.1 × 102 2.4 × 102 30 min. 1.3 × 102 8.0 × 101Coli- 2.4 × 102 /gr 7 min. 2.4 × 101 93forms 35 min. 0.91 75 30 min. 4.6 × 101 0.91______________________________________
Whole almonds were exposed to an atmosphere containing 2.0 mg/L of vaporized hydrogen peroxide for 4 minutes at atmospheric pressure and 40° C. The results below show that preheating the almond to the 40° C. improved the results. The results are provided below.
______________________________________ Microbial Counts After Exposure at Stated ConcentrationsAssay Initial Levels 2.1 mg/L 4.2 mg/L______________________________________Aerobic 6.0 × 102 /gr Preheated 3.0 × 101plate count Non-Preheated 1.1 × 102Molds 1.6 × 103 /gr Preheated 8.1 Non-heated 3.0______________________________________
The food products listed below were exposed nominally to 1.9 mg/L of vaporized hydrogen peroxide. These were time course studies to evaluate continued exposure at a moderate concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Exposure times generally ran to 60 or 90 minutes. Provided below are the beginning level of organisms and the organism count at the end of the longest run.
______________________________________ INITIALFOOD PRODUCT LEVEL END LEVEL______________________________________Whole onions, rootsand stems intactAerobic Plate Count* 2.5 × 105 60 min. 2.7 × 105Mesophilic spores 1.3 × 104 60 min. 1.2 × 102Total coliforms 1.1 × 102 60 min. 3.9Black peppercornsAerobic plate count 1.5 × 107 96 min. 2.0 × 105Mesophilic spores 1.0 × 106 96 min. 2.4 × 105Dutch carawayAerobic plate count 3.2 × 103 92 min. 8.0 × 101Mesophilic spores 5.2 × 102 92 min. 3.0 × 101Egyptian Basil(ground green leaves)Aerobic plate count 4.0 × 106 85 min. 1.0 × 106Yeast 1.6 × 105 85 min. 5.2 × 104Mold 2.4 × 105 85 min. 2.6 × 102Mesophilic spores 1.8 × 106 85 min. 3.4 × 105Fresh Basil(whole leaf)Yeast 1.0 × 106 60 min 2.1 × 103Total coliforms 30 60 min. Less than 0.6Mesophilic spores 4.8 × 103 60 min. 1.8 × 102Whole AllspiceAerobic plate count 5.7 × 106 60 min. 4.8 × 105Mold 2.4 × 102 60 min. Less than 10Mesophilic spores 3.9 × 106 60 min. 9.3 × 105Large dehydratedChopped onionAerobic plate count 1.5 × 105 60 min. 8.8 × 102Mold 2.4 × 103 60 min. 2.0 × 102Total coliform 2.2 × 102 60 min. Less than 0.6Mesophilic spores 1.9 × 205 60 min. 1.6 × 103Culled, Dry OnionSkins and RootsAerobic plate count 2.9 × 105 70 min. 2.9 × 103Mold 1.6 × 102 70 min. Less than 10Total coliform 1.8 70 min. Less than 0.3Mesophilic spores 3.7 × 105 70 min. 7.0 × 103Dried IndonesianGinger RootAerobic plate count 2.7 × 106 60 min. 9.5 × 104Garlic Cloves (unpeeled)Aerobic plate count 5.6 × 105 60 min. Less than 10Mold 5.0 × 103 60 min. Less than 10Dried Garlic Skins(with visible mold)Aerobic plate count 5.0 × 106 60 min. 3.2 × 105Mold 1.2 × 105 60 min. 2.0 × 103Mesophilic spores 1.4 × 105 60 min. 4.8 × 104______________________________________ *While aerobic plate count did not decrease at this concentration, it is contemplated that an effective concentration could be determined. Such experiments were not performed.
The decontamination cycle for wheat seeds consisted of three phases: dehumidification of the chamber, generation of the hydrogen peroxide from 35% liquid concentration achieving a vapor concentration of 3-4 mg/L within the chamber during exposure, and aeration. Two operating cycles were employed, one using a deep vacuum (ca. 38 mmHg, cycle 1) and the other a shallow vacuum (ca. 580 mmHg, cycle 2) to introduce the hydrogen peroxide vapor. The chamber temperature was held to 46-50° C. Seeds were contaminated with surface-borne teliospores of T. tritici and T. controversa. These bacteria did not germinate after 5-minutes of exposure to the hydrogen peroxide vapor. The treatment did not wet the wheat seed nor influence its germinability, even if applied for more than 30 minutes.
The results using an AMSCO VHP Sterilizer are provided below. The numbers represent the percent germination of teliospores of the surface of the seed.
______________________________________ Time % GerminationTreatment (Min.) H2 O2 * T. tritici T. controversa______________________________________None 0 0 81.0 69.5Deep Vacuum 3:15 1.1 0.1 0.0Deep Vacuum 8:15 2.3 0.0 0.0Deep Vacuum 16:30 5.2 0.0 0.0Deep Vacuum 21:00 6.6 0.0 0.0Deep Vacuum 30:00 9.8 0.0 0.0Shallow Vacuum 1:00 0.3 0.0 0.0Shallow Vacuum 5:00 2.1 0.0 0.0Shallow Vacuum 10:00 4.6 0.0 0.0Shallow Vacuum 21:00 7.9 0.0 0.0Shallow Vacuum 29:00 11.0 0.0 0.0______________________________________ *Numbers represent volume of 35% Hydrogen peroxide solution (ml) consumed by decontamination cycle.
The following are the test results obtained from using an AMSCO VHP Sterilizer to test the effectiveness against the germination of teliospores of T. japonicus, T. brizaeformis and T. tectorum.
______________________________________ % GerminationTreatment Time (Min) H2 O2 * All Organisms______________________________________None 0 0 36.5Shallow Vacuum 1:09 0.2 28.2(580 mmHg)Shallow Vacuum 3:00 1.1 1.0Shallow Vacuum 17:00 7.0 0.0______________________________________ *Numbers represent volume of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution (ml) consumed by sterilizer during operation.
The following are the test results obtained from using the AMSCO VHP Sterilizer to evaluate the effectiveness against T. tndica.
______________________________________ % GerminationTreatment Time (Min) H2 O2 * T. tndica______________________________________None 0 0 9.6Deep Vacuum 1:00 0:3 2.0(38 mmHg)Deep Vacuum 3:00 1.0 1.2Deep Vacuum 15:00 4.6 0.0______________________________________ *Numbers represent volume of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution (ml) consumed by sterilizer during operation.
The sensitivity of the four spores most economically important to post harvest decay fungi, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum and Monilinia fructicola were evaluated for their sensitivity to exposure to hydrogen peroxide vapor in accordance with this invention. It was found that dilute concentrations of 35% hydrogen peroxide were also effective when used in the AMSCO VHP Sterilizer. All spores, except those from Monilinia fructicola, did not germinate when exposed to vaporized hydrogen peroxide generated with liquid hydrogen peroxide diluted form 35% to 0.025% and 0.05% and exposed for 5 minutes, cycle 2. The Monilinia fructicola still germinated using hydrogen peroxide diluted to 0.2%. However, it is expected with a higher concentration the spores would be inactivated, but further work was not done.
In specific studies with lemons, artificial surface wounds were created and inoculated with Penicillium digitatum and the injured fruit exposed to vaporized hydrogen peroxide generated from 3.1% liquid hydrogen peroxide [5 minutes exposure, cycle 2.] 87% of the untreated, inoculated fruit decayed. However, the decay rate of fruit inoculated and treated hydrogen peroxide vapor treated fruit was decreased as the interval between the inoculation and treatment steps was extended from 2 to 24 hours. Specific data, respectively, for intervals and percent decay are 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours [intervals], and 77, 87, 80, 83, 70, 35, and 23 percent decay. Vaporized hydrogen peroxide treatment appears to have an adverse effect on spores present on artificially damaged fruit.
Accordingly, there has been disclosed a method of decontaminating food products by exposing the surface of the food product to hydrogen peroxide vapor that is generating from a multi-component liquid solution such that the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide in the vapor is substantially equal to the weight percent composition as the solution from which the vapor is generated.
While this invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to particular embodiments set forth, but, to the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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domain: chemistry


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- Please review additional requirements in the “Patient’s Guide” located in each patient room.
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As of January 1, 2012, our campus is tobacco-free. Tobacco use of any kind is not permitted anywhere on hospital grounds. Your cooperation is appreciated.
Pastoral Care Hours and Availability
Monday, Thursday, Friday 8 a.m. – 4 p.m.
Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday, & Sunday (On-call / Please ask any of our team-members for assistance in reaching the Chaplain)


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Purchase this article with an account.
Rufin Vogels; Learning to discriminate simple stimuli modifies the response properties of early and late visual cortical areas. Journal of Vision 2015;15(12):1419. doi: 10.1167/15.12.1419.
Download citation file:
© ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)
Practicing simple visual detection and discrimination tasks improves performance, a signature of adult brain plasticity. Current models of learning with simple stimuli such as gratings postulate either changes in early visual cortex or reweighting of stable early sensory responses at the decision stage. We showed that practice in orientation discrimination of noisy gratings (coarse orientation discrimination) increased the ability of single neurons of macaque visual area V4 to discriminate the trained stimuli. Then we asked whether practice in the same task also changes the response properties of later visual cortical areas. To identify candidate areas, we used fMRI to map activations to noisy gratings in the trained monkeys, revealing a region in the posterior inferior temporal (PIT) cortex. Subsequent single unit recordings showed that the PIT neurons discriminated better the trained compared with the untrained orientations, even when the animals were performing an orthogonal task. Unlike in previous single unit studies of learning in early visual cortex, more PIT neurons preferred trained compared with untrained orientations. Thus, practicing a simple discrimination of grating stimuli cannot only affect early visual cortex but also changes the response properties of late visual cortical areas. Perturbation of the activity in PIT reduced the coarse orientation discrimination performance in the trained animals, suggesting that this region is indeed part of the network underlying the performance in the task. We suggest that visual learning modifies the responses of most if not all areas that are part of the cortical network which supports the task execution.
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domain: psychology


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Wednesday, October 25, 2023
- Your Library
- Events & Programs
- Read, Learn & Explore
Calgary, AB – The Calgary Public Library Foundation is delighted to announce a commitment by the Suncor Energy Foundation to support Indigenous programming and cross-cultural learning opportunities.
The $1.6 million donation will continue to support the Central Library’s goal of being an inclusive gathering place for all Calgarians. The funding will facilitate the hiring of two Indigenous program interns, roles that will focus on Indigenous engagement to ensure Library services can be designed to meet community needs. Funding will also support collaboration with external Indigenous-led researchers to develop appropriate forms of evaluation for Indigenous services. These meaningful additions to the Calgary Public Library’s Indigenous strategy will ensure that Indigenous community members are involved in decision-making and delivery of services is prioritized.
“In the White Goose Flying Report, Calgary Aboriginal Urban Affairs Committee identifies the Calgary Public Library as uniquely positioned to provide accessible and barrier-free Indigenous inclusion and cross-cultural understanding, learning, and celebration,” says Alayna Many Guns, Indigenous Services Design Lead at the Calgary Public Library. “The Library is excited to work with Suncor Energy Foundation to better fulfil this role.”
Additional strategic priorities supported by this investment include Indigenous language resources including an online learning platform, Indigenous cultural initiatives such as a speaker and performance series, and a sustained focus on Indigenous Placemaking and art in libraries across the city.
The hub for this initiative is the Elders’ Guidance Circle space in the Central Library, which provides urban Indigenous peoples with access to Elders’ knowledge and guidance. The space will be formally named at a later date through a process established by Indigenous community members and leaders. Learnings from the Circle and feedback from the community will inspire and inform the expansion of Indigenous initiatives across the Calgary Public Library system.
“When we have spaces, places and tools to help us come together, celebrate, and learn about each other we can better appreciate the rich diversity that exists in our communities and that is a foundation for the strong and vibrant Calgary we’re all proud to call home,” says Eric Axford, Suncor Energy Foundation Board chair. “We see tremendous value in supporting the Calgary Public Library Indigenous programming and we are hopeful this space will be a special place to connect.”
The purpose of Indigenous Placemaking at the Calgary Public Library is to prioritize equity and inclusiveness by listening to, learning from, and building relationships with local Indigenous communities. These resources, spaces and events provide an open and safe place for Indigenous peoples to learn, share, and create; and for non-Indigenous Albertans to learn the diverse history and cultures of Treaty 7 Nations and Métis Nation Region 3.
On April 15, registration opens for free library programming celebrating Indigenous peoples throughout the month of June at calgarylibrary.ca. These programs mark Indigenous History Month, Aboriginal Awareness Week Calgary, and the International Year of Indigenous Languages.
- 30 -
Add In—the Campaign for Calgary’s Library, is the largest public campaign for a public library in Canadian history. The $350 million campaign will enhance and support a system of community libraries across Calgary and is inspired by the New Central Library, which opened its doors on November 1, 2018. To learn more about Add In and the Calgary Public Library’s vision to create the best public library in the world for Calgarians, visit addin.ca.
The Calgary Public Library Foundation was created in 1999 to provide an opportunity for individuals, businesses and foundations to participate in building a library system for today and future generations. Its vision is to enable the citizens of Calgary to have the best public library in the world. Learn more about the Calgary Public Library Foundation by visiting addin.ca.
Calgary Public Library, with 688,000+ members and 21 locations, has been inspiring the life stories of Calgarians for more than 100 years. It is currently the second largest library system in Canada and the sixth largest municipal library system in North America, with Calgarians borrowing more than 14.4 million physical and digital items and with 6.9 million in-person visits last year. The awe-inspiring 240,000 sq. ft. new Central Library – the newest gathering place for our city – opened on November 1, 2018.
Calgary Public Library Foundation
Senior Account Executive
Wednesday, October 25, 2023
Monday, October 23, 2023
Tuesday, October 3, 2023

domain: library


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In his first monograph, Milton Glaser Graphic Design, Glaser warns that he is “not a type designer,” and that his typefaces only came into being as the product of graphic ideas applied to letterforms. Even with that caveat, it’s evident that Glaser’s heavily stylized type, with an emphasis on three-dimensionality, has had a lasting effect on the design of many subsequent display types. Glaser’s typefaces combine Push Pin-era Deco motifs with conventions adapted from hand-painted signs, but share a tendency to imbue generic letterforms with geometric dimension. Across the six examples here, he achieved a robust body of varied typefaces that nonetheless all reflect at once his graphically rigorous mode of thinking and the more shapely and expressive character of his illustration.
Baby Teeth is one of Glaser’s earliest and most successful typefaces — used in his most famous poster —alongside many other notable music promotions, such as his poster for Mahalia Jackson at Lincoln Center. In Milton Glaser Graphic Design, he provides an origin story:
The inspiration for my Baby Teeth type face came from this sign I photographed in Mexico City. It’s an advertisement for a tailor. The E was drawn as only someone unfamiliar with the alphabet could have conceived. Yet it is completely legible. I tried to invent the rest of the alphabet consistent with this model.
In the same volume, Glaser notes that Baby Fat inspired his approach to his famous Simon and Garfunkel poster of 1967: that is, rather than the type following the example of the graphic, the reverse happened—the shape of the letters dictated the treatment of the figures.
The Hologram typeface was an idea Glaser says had been in his head for a while before he had a chance to actually make use of it. He got a chance to use it here:

domain: artistic


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Aloha takes fight to federal court
Aloha Airlines said yesterday that it will take its legal battle to Federal District Court against Mesa Air Group, whose incursion into Hawaii as a low-cost carrier has showed no signs of stopping despite legal battles from other inter-island carriers.
Aloha originally sued Mesa, parent of go!, in state Circuit Court last October, alleging that the upstart company had used Aloha's confidential information to unethically compete in the Hawaii market by offering below cost inter-island service.
Although Aloha could continue to pursue its claims in both courts, it said yesterday it has decided, for "judicial economy," to move forward only in the Federal court.
The company expects to file its new lawsuit in federal court today, said Stu Glauberman, Aloha's director of corporate communications.
The 60-year-old local carrier is seeking unspecified damages and a permanent injunction to stop Mesa -- which operates the new inter-island airline go! -- from competing unfairly and threatening the jobs of 3,500 Aloha employees. It also accused Mesa of predatory pricing.
"Upon further legal review of the federal antitrust laws, and given findings of Federal Bankruptcy Judge Robert Faris in the Hawaiian Airlines matter, we believe our claims would be best pursued in the Federal court system." said David A. Banmiller, Aloha's president and chief executive officer.
Though Mesa is also embroiled in a legal battle with Hawaiian Airlines for using proprietary information, the company has reiterated its plans to bring in larger aircraft before the peak summer season while keeping its one-way fares at $39 or lower.
Paul Skellon, vice president of corporate communications for Mesa, said yesterday a change in court wouldn't affect the outcome of the Aloha case.
"It doesnt matter where they file ... their case is completely without merit," Skellon said.
Jonathan Ornstein, Mesa's chief executive officer, could not be reached for comment yesterday.
He has said in the past that the go! does not seek to drive Aloha out of the market.
"Aloha should spend less money on legal fees and more money updating its 30-year-old fleet," Ornstein had been quoted as saying earlier in the court battle.
In May, Mesa unsuccessfully tried to get Hawaiian Airlines' lawsuit switched from federal Bankruptcy Court to U.S. District Court.
Hawaiian's nonjury federal trial is scheduled to begin in September.

domain: law


The Super Eagles of Nigeria lost 1-0 to Senegal in a Pre-Afcon friendly at the Ismailia Stadium on Sunday evening.
The game served as a test for the two teams who are all preparing for the competition in Egypt.
Coach Gernot Rohr also used the match to assess his 23-man squad for the Cup of Nations.
In a game which had Samuel Chukwueze, Victor Osimhen, John Obi Mikel and Jamilu Collins all having a feel, Nigeria could not take advantage of the opportunities that came their way as Senegal secured victory courtesy an 18th-minute strike from defender Idrissa Gueye.
Goalkeeper Daniel Akpeyi who started the game in post for the Super Eagles was faultless in the goal conceded.
Rohr who now have a fair idea of his team is expected to field a strong starting XI for the team’s opening game against Burundi on Saturday.
The Nigeria delegation will depart from Ismailia on Monday morning, for Alexandria – venue of their Group B attrition against Burundi, Guinea and Madagascar.


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Waterloo Bridge in London is sometime known as the Ladies Bridge due to the large numbers of women who helped in its construction. Around 350 women worked on the constuction of the bridge during World War Two, but little is known about them. To highlight and commemorate the contribution they made, WES is campaigning to get a Blue Plaque installed on the bridge. Follow this link to support the campaign: https://theladiesbridge.typeform.com/to/VfhYND. Read more about the Ladies Bridge here: http://www.wes.org.uk/content/ladies-bridge.
- The Ladies Bridge (WES Webpage)
- Campaign to Support the Installation of a Blue Plaque
- The Ladies Bridge
- Re-writing history to remember real-life unsung engineering and construction heroines, Womanthology February 18th 2015
- The forgotten women who helped build Waterloo Bridge, The Observer 15 February 2015

domain: geography


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Leave it to courageous Gavin Newsome, mayor of San Francisco, to nail the issue this morning on Good Morning America calling President Bush on his cynicism, that he would introduce the anti-gay marriage constitutional amendment on the 25th anniversary of the diagnosed case of AIDS.
And, of course, who is off to Washington DC to testify in big speeches supporting this act of hatred against gay people? The "exgays" like Randy Thomas. Like Jews racing off to support the Holocaust, these professional exgays cannot stand the idea that their fellow gay men and women, who refuse to denounce their heritage and their people, might want to get married and live openly, honestly and happily.
All the more reason why Jimmy and I wrote "The Big Voice: God or Merman?", and all the more reason why our show needs to make it to New York. We aren't a perfect couple, folks. No one is. In our show, we expose all our warts and our failings, but that's the point. We're just as human as any heterosexual -- but more than that, we have a home and a life and we love each other.
Happy 25th Anniversary of AIDS. Why not bash the gays while they're mourning the tens of thousands of friends that they've lost? I still do not know how these people sleep at night. I really and honestly don't.
When the history of "The Big Voice: God or Merman? is written, there will be one moment that will shine, for us, above all. And it happ...
Hal Block, the increasingly irritating panelist on "What's My Line?" was fired last night after the show. Well, back in 1953. ...
Charles Nelson Reilly with the Laguna Playhouse cast of The Last Session. R. to L.: Joel Traywick, Bob Stillman, Michele Mais, Charles Nels...

domain: politics


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Prepare for the time of your life people, the Dirty Dancing resort is real and you can actually stay there.
Many believed (ourselves included) that Kellerman’s was just a film set where Jonny and Baby fell for each other, but Mountain Lake Lodge is open for business.
And what better place to celebrate the film’s 30th anniversary in August? (Yeah, we feel old too.)
Die-hard fans to relive their favourite movie moments. The resort has even stocked up on a batch of watermelons for all your Instagram needs.
While the film is set in Catskill Mountains in New York state, the actual resort is in Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains.
Mountain Lake currently offers Dirty Dancing–themed weekends in the summer.
See you there?


About HighRise Maintenance Systems, Inc.
HighRise Maintenance Systems, Inc.
HighRise Maintenance Systems, Inc. designs, manufactures and installs equipment for window washing and all types of building maintenance. Working with the Owner, Architect and Contractor we determine the necessary equipment and best means to clean the windows, maintain the complete facade and any signs, and when necessary replace lights and any damaged glass. Although We strive to accomplish all these as simply as possible, Highrise Systems also has the capability to design unique solutions for unique buildings. The HighRise systems designers and engineers are constantly developing new products to better service buildings.
Would you like to complete or correct the information on this page? Click here!
For other relevant searches, you might want to try: HighRise Systems, Hirise, Davit Bases and Embedments, Drop-Thru Supports for Atriums and Overhanging Canopies, Monorails and Roof Car Systems, Platforms.


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J.R.R. Tolkien had an interesting take on this attitude. In a letter he wrote in 1941, he says this about marriages:
Nearly all marriages, even happy ones, are mistakes: in the sense that almost
certainly (in a more perfect world, or even with a little more care in this very
imperfect one) both partners might be found more suitable mates. But the real
soul-mate is the one you are actually married to.
It is odd, isn't it, how often our thoughts have no real base. We are, for the moment, unhappy in our marriage and we construct the idea of someone who would have been "better" for us to marry, someone we are sure would have been kinder or wiser or richer or whatever characteristic we currently don't like in our spouse. This is all moonshine and make-believe, of course, but it can be a source of real discouragement.
Tolkien's attitude is the correct one. Of course there are people with whom I may have been a better husband or have had a better marriage, but this is the marriage I have, the one God has allowed for me, and the one in which I am to serve and find meaning and purpose. The woman with whom I sleep is the soul mate with whom I share my life.
If you find yourself discouraged someday, thinking of boyfriends you did not marry or of other husbands who seem better than yours, do not try to talk yourself out of this feeling. Feelings, of course, do not really respond to being "talked to" very well. This is your marriage. You have the chance, and the calling of God, to be an Excellent Wife in this marriage. You may serve (and are commanded to serve) both God and others in your marriage. The man to whom you are married is your man and your soul mate.
I may sit quietly at night and think I should have chosen a different career, or a different house, or a different car, but I have the career I have, the house I have, and the car I have. I also have the wife whom I chose and married. She has the husband whom she chose and married. God has made us one.
So, let your moment of thought pass. Then get back to serving God.


GN Solids America will participate in 2023 Offshore Technology Conference (OTC 2023)
The basic information of the 2023 Offshore Technology Conference (OTC 2023) that GN will participate in is as follows:
Exhibition Name: Offshore Technology Conference 2023
Exhibition location: NRG Park, Houston, TX, USA
Exhibition time: May 1-4, 2023
GNBooth No.: NRG Center 4047
Official website address: https://2023.otcnet.org/
The main products that will be exhibited by GN
To make sure this series of exhibits will provide a reliable performance and the parts and components of all the equipment will run smoothly for a long term operation, our technical department, production department and quality control department have paid a lot of attention to the material selection, material preparation, every step of production and the inspection for this set of equipment in each step.
The Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) is where energy professionals meet to exchange ideas and opinions to advance scientific and technical knowledge for offshore resources and environmental matters.
Celebrating 50 years since 1969, OTC’s flagship conference is held annually at NRG Park (formerly Reliant Park) in Houston. OTC has expanded technically and globally with OTC Brasil and OTC Asia.
OTC is sponsored by 13 industry organizations and societies, who work cooperatively to develop the technical program. OTC also has endorsing and supporting organizations.
If you need any support about the operation and maintenance of Negative pressure vibrating screen, large-spinning decanter centrifuge, oily sludge treatment system, solid vacuum pump, Drilling cuttings dryer, please feel free to contact GN company for our engineers’ best experience and knowledge in the relevant industry.
If you are interested in GN products, please check the following products of GN company on Alibaba:


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Feroze Khan is a Pakistani actor, model and video jockey. Born in Quetta, he began his career as a VJ on ARY Musik and then became a model. He made his debut as a television actor in the 2014 television series, Chup Raho. He made his Lollywood debut in Anjum Shahzad’s film Zindagi Kitni Haseen Hay with Sajal Ali.
Feroze Khan Just Dropped a Hint Behind the Reason for his Divorce
Feroze Khan uploaded a picture, cuddling with son Sultan and the caption of the picture read: “if she don’t like children, we can’t party”
View this post on Instagram


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Larry Joseph Juno, 65, a 20-year resident of Vacaville, passed away on Nov. 4, surrounded by family and friends after enduring a battle with metastasis prostate cancer.
Larry was born on July 17, 1944, in New York.
For the past 20 years, Larry has shared his experience, strength and hope with countless people from all walks of life who normally would not have mixed, enriching his and many others lives.
He is survived by his daughter, Shannon Juno; son, Jake Juno; grandson, Elijah; and his dear friend, Ann Barmore.
He was preceded in death by his son, Toby Juno.
The family has requested that donations in his honor be made to the Prostate Cancer Foundation at PCF.org or mailed to 1250 Fourth St., Santa Monica, CA 90401.
A Celebration of Life will be held on Nov. 14, from 1 to 5 p.m. at 3129 Lomita Court, Fairfield.
Visit the online guest book at www.thereporter.com.

domain: news


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Tax included. Shipping calculated at checkout.
- Perfect addition to your kitchen. This Sushi roller opens a whole new area of food to cook. The chinese all have one of these in their home. Now we're seeing it in our clearance store and selling it for a crazy cheap low price!

domain: food


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Upcoming Auction: German Colonies and Post Offices Abroad. Peter Vogenbeck Auction House's 107th Specialized Auction (2 November 2019) is now online. It includes some outstanding items from the late Jürgen Kessing's collection "Expeditions in the German Colonies." All lots are illustrated on the website. The following link gives access to the online catalog: https://petervogenbeck.de/
MEET AT NOJEX! Meet fellow collectors of German Colonies philately and postal history! GCCG has a breakout room booked for one hour. We have one speaker lined up, but there is room for more (10-15 minutes is perfect) - please send a note through our Contact Us page if you are interested. Guests are very welcome.
GCCG members and friends (guests are welcome!) are invited to attend the Germany Philatelic Chapter 5 meeting at Chicagopex in the Barrington room (see show program for a map). The meeting will include chapter business as well as a show and tell - bring a philatelic item with a German connection to share!
MEET AT NAPEX! All GCCG members are invited to meet. We will provide room and time closer to the show. This will be a great chance to reconnect and receive a short presentation by one of our members. Bring a friend!
We are currently seeking a volunteer who would like to give a presentation to our group at APS StampShow in Hartford, Conn. Please visit our Contact Us page if you would like to be the speaker.

domain: hobby


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Having leaked earlier this morning PlayStation has now confirmed that the PS4 free games for PlayStation Plus subscribers are Shadow of the Colossus and Sonic Forces.
Both games will be available to download from Tuesday, 3rd March.
"With March’s pair of PS Plus games, you’ll embark on a dangerous quest to cleanse a land of its giant-sized inhabitants, and help not one but two versions of a platforming legend save the world," the Sony blog explained.
Keen to know more about both games? Here's a quick overview to help you decide which one to play first (even though the answer is obviously Shadow of the Colossus).
Shadow of the Colossus
"Tales speak of an ancient realm where Colossi roam the majestic landscape. Bound to the land, these creatures hold a key to a mystical power of revival – a power you must obtain to bring a loved one back to life. Shadow of the Colossus is a breathtaking journey through ancient lands to seek out gigantic beasts. Armed with only a sword and a bow, explore the spacious lands and unearth each Colossus, presenting a unique challenge to test your wits, determination, and skill."
"In Sonic Forces, the evil Dr. Eggman has conquered much of the world with help from a powerful and mysterious new villain named Infinite. Now, you must assist Sonic and build an army to reclaim the world as they fight against chaos and destruction. Defeat enemies with blazing speed as Modern Sonic, catapult past perilous platforms as Classic Sonic, and create your very own Custom Hero Character equipped with a variety of powerful gadgets."
PS Plus February 2020 - Don't Forget...
The PS Plus January 2020 lineup was stacked with games and yet somehow February has managed to outdo it.
There are a whopping 5 games on offer this month, including three Bioshock titles, a VR smash hit and The Sims, which needs no introduction.
As usual, don't hang about, they're not available forever. Read on for more details about each game:
BioShock: The Collection
From the undersea city of Rapture to the airborne metropolis of Columbia, BioShock: The Collection takes players on monumental journeys through awe-inspiring, deceptively dangerous places that are simply unforgettable. BioShock: The Collection features all three games in this award-winning series – BioShock, BioShock 2, and BioShock Infinite – remastered in 1080p, including all single-player add-on content.
The Sims 4
The Sims is celebrating its 20th birthday this February, and you’re invited to join the party! Now’s your chance to play with life in The Sims 4, where you can unleash your imagination and create Sims in a unique world that’s an expression of you.
Firewall Zero Hour (PlayStation VR required)
Become a hired contractor and expertly seize – or protect – sensitive information from opposing teams in Firewall Zero Hour, a 4v4 tactical shooter developed exclusively for PS VR. Dive straight into these intense multiplayer battles when Firewall Zero Hour’s new season – Operation: Black Dawn – also begins 4th February, featuring a new map (Oil Rig) available for all players, and other free content!

domain: game


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According to reports, Bitcoin Mining companies from China have been migrating their base into Ethiopia, despite the country’s ban on crypto trading. Per a Bloomberg report, due to the country’s remarkably cheap electricity cost, the Ethiopian government is now strengthening ties with Chinese firms engaging in Bitcoin mining.
Bitcoin Mining, a process that validates Bitcoin transactions consists of mining systems competing with each other to solve a cryptographic problem and award bitcoin. Bitcoin mining confirms transactions on the cryptocurrency’s network and secures it. The three biggest costs for Bitcoin mining are electricity, network infrastructure, and mining infrastructure.
Now, Bitcoin mining is an energy-intensive process with customized mining systems that compete to solve a cryptographic problem. Although individual miners using desktop systems played a role during the cryptocurrency’s early days, the Bitcoin mining ecosystem is dominated by large mining companies that run mining pools spread across many geographies. It is also controversial because it uses astronomical amounts of energy.
Deservedly, Bitcoin mining energy usage has been criticized by climate activists as proof that the cryptocurrency is not environmentally friendly. The Bitcoin mining process is estimated to consume as much electricity as entire countries.
According to an estimate from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, Bitcoin mining consumed 121 terawatt-hours of power in 2023, similar to Argentina’s electricity usage. Developing countries like Kazakhstan and Iran initially embraced Bitcoin mining, only to turn on the sector when its energy use threatened to fuel domestic discontent.
Also, China’s monopoly as the global headquarters of Bitcoin mining came to an end in 2021, when the government banned the activity, which forced many companies to leave.
But amidst that global pushback against the energy-intensive Bitcoin mining industry, Ethiopia has surfaced as an unexpected haven, offering opportunities for Chinese firms.
More details on the Ethiopia Bitcoin mining
Ethiopia allowed Bitcoin mining starting in 2022 although the East African country still bans cryptocurrency trading. The country has bolstered ties with China over the past decade, and several Chinese companies helped build the US$4.8 billion (S$6.5 billion) dam the Bitcoin miners plan to draw their power from.
Per the Bloomberg report, after facing issues globally, Chinese Bitcoin mining companies have now found a haven in Ethiopia, whose leaders now welcome bitcoin miners with the support of the country’s low electricity costs.
According to mining services provider Luxor Technology, Ethiopia has already risen to become one of the world’s top recipients of Bitcoin mining machines. Also, the state power monopoly says it has struck power supply deals with 21 Bitcoin miners, of which only two are not Chinese companies.
According to industry executives who spoke to Bloomberg anonymously, Ethiopian officials are wary of the controversy that accompanies Bitcoin mining.
Ethiopia is welcoming for economic purposes
Almost half of the Ethiopian population reportedly live without access to electricity even after new generation capacity came online, which makes Bitcoin mining in such a frail country a delicate business.
However, the activity represents a potentially lucrative source of foreign-exchange earnings. The Ethiopian government reportedly permitted Bitcoin mining mainly because the companies pay in foreign currency for the electricity they consume.
According to the deputy director at the Ethiopian Information Network Security Administration, Mr Yodahe A. Zemichael, who used terms like “high-performance computing” and “data mining” instead of Bitcoin mining in his response to questions from Bloomberg, the Ethiopian government has adopted a directive to regulate “cryptographic products” including mining.
Adding that issuing licences “is being done in a sandbox and it’s in an early stage,” declining to say how many permits have been granted so far.
Get the best of Africa’s daily tech to your inbox – first thing every morning.
Join the community now!


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Gabriola House: a mansion for renters
May 05, 2016
vAlthough the downtown peninsula was once home to many mansions of this stature, the only ones left now are Gabriola House and Abbott House, which has been converted to condos.
Built at the turn of the 20th century, between 1900 and 1901, by the founder of B.C. Sugar Refinery, B.T. Rogers, the mansion was given its name after Gabriola Island, where its sandstone exterior, which has remained the same since it was built, came from. The building is typical of the Victorian estate homes built in the West End in the late 19th and early 20th century. This area once known as “Blueblood Alley,” because it was so popular with well-monied CPR executives who favoured Queen Anne and Edwardian-builder style architecture.
Gabriola House remained Rogers’ home until his death in 1918. In 1924, the property was transformed into Angus Apartments. It was subsequently converted into Hy’s Mansion, an upscale restaurant, in 1978. In 1994, it was transformed yet again into the Macaroni Grill. The Macaroni Grill left a few years ago, and it was listed last year for $10 million. Since the building is a designated heritage structure, it cannot be torn down.
The mansion’s latest guise will be as rental apartments, according to new owner Nevin Sangha. He plans to retrofit residential units in the 17,327-sq.-ft. house. Suites will range up to three bedrooms in size. Although Sangha’s plans for the site are still in the works, he expects that the number of apartments on site will probably be in the teens.
Sangha would like to add four townhouses to the lot’s northeast corner, but he plans on preserving the Gabriola Mansion’s exterior, as well as maintaining its interior as much as possible.
This means that such details as the mansion’s stained glass windows, its imposing staircase and impressive Arizona sandstone fireplace will likely be kept.
Rogers spared no expense when he built his home on a hill with an expansive view of English Bay. He had B.C.’s foremost architect of the day, Samuel Maclure, design it, and B.C.’s leading stained glass artist, James Bloomfield, was responsible for the superb stained glass triptych on the second floor landing. His initials, BTR, adorned the doorknobs of the mansion. The dining room had a coved ceiling molded in a Jacobean style of intersecting bands.
The mansion, which had a carriage porch, a drawing room, a conservatory, a library and a billiards room, was clearly built for entertaining Vancouver’s elite. Stories of rum running and secret tunnels connecting the property to nightclubs and finishing schools abound.
Sangha expects that Gabriola’s rich history and architectural beauty will make it popular with renters.

domain: design


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What If You Imagined God Being Right at Your Side?
Christian Meditation is a quiet time for you to re-integrate and re-calibrate your mind with your body. And re-integrate and re-calibrate your mind and body with God‘s presence with you and in you. Remember the quote from the apostle Paul in Acts 17:28 – In him you live and move and have your being.If your podcast app is set to skip the silent sections, disable that in your podcast app for this podcast.To begin this Christian meditation, lie flat on your back or sit comfortably in a chair. Uncross your legs. And close your eyes, if you can. And just take a deep breath and let it out and say quietly to yourself, “relax.”And try to get a good calm rhythm of breathing going — in through your nose and into your belly. And feel your belly rise with each in-breath. …And with each out-breath focus on releasing the muscles in your body — letting go of tension and any muscles that you’re clenching. Often we are in a state of clenching our muscles in our body without even realizing it. So focus on realizing it now — with each exhale focus on letting all your muscles soften and relax.Breathing in, feeling more calm and relaxed. Breathing out, feeling yourself letting go of tension and stress. And you’re starting to feel a peaceful sense of quiet. Psalms 16:8-10 (NIV)8 I keep my eyes always on the LORD.With him at my right hand, I will not be shaken.9 Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will rest secure,10 because you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead, nor will you let your faithful one see decay.”In this Genesis 3 world — this side of the new creation — we cannot see God. So “I keep my eyes always on the Lord” is full of poetic, imaginative meaning, none of which is literal. The ESV translates it…Psalms 16:8 (ESV)I have set the LORD always before me;because he is at my right hand, I shall not be shaken.But the imaginative language of eyes always and at my right hand is the language of nearness and presence. This is a kind of deliberate mindset to imagine/envision the true reality of God’s presence always with me and in me.John Mark Comer“Worship and joy start with the capacity to turn our minds’ attention toward the God who is always with us in the now.”Envisioning God being with us and in us is a kind of seeing with what Paul calls “the eyes of our heart“ in Ephesians 1. So come back to your breathing and focus on feeling your body relaxing and letting go of anxiety and tension as you imagine/envision this reality right now in this present moment.Psalms 16:8-10 (NIV)8 I keep my eyes always on the LORD.With him at my right hand, I will not be shaken.9 Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will rest secure,Your imagination is always felt into your body. It’s how God made you. When you wake up from a stressful dream you feel the stress of your imagination into your body. Sweat. Heart racing. Fear. Worry. Unease. But all that was just your imagination. Your imagination is constantly being felt into your body. Your body’s biochemistry. And that’s also true when it comes to your ability to imagine the reality of God‘s presence and light and life and love. And that imagination affects your body’s biochemistry too. (9b-10)“...My body also will rest secure, because you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead, nor will you let your faithful one see decay.”Notice that the “me” David is referring to includes “my body.” That word “me“ is actually translating into English the Hebrew word for soul.So…Psalms 16:10 (ESV)For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol,or let your holy one see corruption.Here’s what’s important that I want to emphasize over and over in this podcast. The biblical idea of soul — especially in the Hebrew Scriptures — is not the idea of your spirit as opposed to your body. Rather it’s the idea of your entire self, including your body. The Hebrew word for soul basically means your life. This is why the NIV translates it simply as me.“...My body also will rest secure, because you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead, nor will you let your faithful one see decay.”You are your body. You are more than your body. But not other than your body. The biblical view of your body is that it is an eternal part of your soul. An eternal part of who you are. That’s why you will have a bodily resurrection in your eternal salvation. Your body – your brain, your spine, your entire central nervous system, all your nerves, your organs, your muscles, all of your cells — your body is part of your soul. Your body needs spiritual life and the rejuvenating sense of God’s presence and love. Christian meditation is a time to spiritually focus your mind and your body on God‘s presence and God‘s love for you. And to use your biblically guided imagination to feel this reality into your body. I keep my eyes always on the LORD.With him at my right hand, I will not be shaken.Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will rest secure, Who can you share this podcast with? If you found this episode helpful, consider sharing it on social media or texting it to a friend you think might benefit from it.Follow Dave Cover on Twitter @davecoverFollow A Bigger Life on Twitter @ABiggerLifePodOur audio engineer is Diego Huaman.This podcast is a ministry of The Crossing, a church in Columbia, Missouri, a college town where the flagship campus of the University of Missouri is located.

domain: literature


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Alex is a Senior Investment Associate at Bridgewater Associates, working in the Research Department where he develops new investment systems for the firm based on an understanding of the macroeconomy and the global financial system
Prior to joining Bridgewater, Alex was a proprietary trader in the Equity and Macro Proprietary Group at Lehman Brothers. While at Lehman, he identified investments, developed financial models, and researched economic trends in order to invest the firm’s capital in various long/short, equity derivatives, and convertible bond strategies. Alex was promoted to portfolio manager in early 2008, after five months on the job.
Alex earned an undergraduate degree in economcs from McGill University and an MPhil in economics from the University of Oxford. He also has an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
While in college, Alex debated competitively, he has served as the Director of Coaching at the Oxford Union, and helped develop debate curriculum for QatarDebate: the Gulf’s first and largest non-profit debate education NGO. He has led debate workshops influencing over 1,500 students in Qatar, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, the Philippines.

domain: economics


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Kourtney K is tired of fans asking if she’s pregnant.
After she posted a pic in a bathing suit, a fan wrote, “Not to be that girl but… is that a preg belly.”
Kourtney responded and wrote, “Are we really gonna do this every time I post a photo?” This isn’t the first time she’s shut down a fan who has asked if she was pregnant.
Is it ever okay for someone to ask if a woman is pregnant?
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domain: entertainment


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During the coronavirus shutdown, many states including Michigan mandated the closure of dental and orthodontic offices for regular visits, putting these businesses on hold while the healthcare system responded to the pandemic.
Now that these practices that center on oral hygiene have had a month of reopening, many dentists and orthodontists say they have learned more about their industry, discovered new safety practices that they now employ with success and feel more connected to their staff and patients, even in an age of social distancing.
Michigan gave dentists, orthodontists and related providers the green light to go back to work May 29. While they were shut down, many of these offices worked to refashion the lobby, set up new health-and-safety procedures and spent hours tracking down and securing Personal Protection Equipment to prepare for reopening.
“In offices, you’re going to see the plexiglass or sneeze guards. Lobbies are mostly closed. Staff are screened for health and temperature as well as patients. There is additional PPE, such as face shields on clinical staff and masks on the front desks,” said Dr. Steve Meraw, President of the Michigan Dental Association and a full-time periodontist.
“It’s going well,” Meraw added, “but it’s definitely a different feel.”
For example, dentists Warren E. Woodruff and Amira May Woodruff of Caring Smiles Family Dentistry in West Bloomfield added new equipment, studied and implemented new protocols as well as produced communication for the public to learn about going back into their offices for treatment.
The Woodruffs installed a medical grade air purification system installed in each treatment room that is constantly running throughout the day. This H13 TRUE HEPA filter is tested to remove 99.97% of particles down to 0.1 microns. The size of the SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is about 0.12 microns in diameter.
“You can see how the air purifiers play a role in helping to keep the air clean,” Amira Woodruff said. “For disinfection, we use products that meet the EPA’s criteria for use against SARS-CoV-2. In our sterilization area of our office, we utilize a biological monitoring service. We send in test strips each week to make sure that all of our sterilization equipment is working properly.”
To determine these changes, the Woodruffs used the American Dental Association (ADA) Return To Work Interim Guidance Toolkit, created through its Advisory Task Force on Dental Practice Recovery that referenced the CDC, OSHA, and other resources to create their toolkit. The Michigan Dental Association (MDA) also released the MDA Addendum to ADA Return To Work Interim Guidance Toolkit.
“For face shields, the biggest concern was to make sure there was a mask that would fit our dental loupes (magnifying glasses) and headlight. We ultimately chose the UVEX by Honeywell Bionic Face Shield with Clear Polycarbonate Visor (S8500),” Amira Woodruff said. “This face shield protects our face from any sort of splatter that is created during dental procedures.”
Amira Woodruff said one of the hardest parts has been the lack of physical contact with patients; she’s a hugger who liked to embrace patients when appropriate. She also worried about her young patients, so she created a video that explained each new piece of protective equipment so kids wouldn’t be scared of her face shield or mask when coming to see her.
“If I have a new patient, I always made a point of shaking their hand. When I left the room, I’d touch them on the shoulder. Without having that touch, there’s a disconnect,” Amira Woodruff said. “It’s hard when they can’t see me smile because I’m in the smile business.”
At Central City Integrated Health’s Dental Department, Chief Dental Officer Dr. Kristi Thomas created plans to ensure a safe environment for patients, including negative pressured space and sealed entry doorways.
CCIH is a federally qualified health center located in Midtown Detroit that provides an integrated model of care to its consumers. This includes medical, dental, behavioral, housing, prisoner re-entry, to mention a few.
Thomas said its office follows the infection control recommendations made by the American Dental Association, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. It also follows the activities of these agencies so that it is up to date on any new rulings or guidance that may be issued during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Inside the office, CCIH created a negative pressure space used to prevent the spread of potential contagious particles from one area to another. Air is pumped out of the treatment area, creating a negatively pressured space. The air that is pumped out of the space passes through a large HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter about every 3-4 minutes.
The office also installed sealed entry doorways, so when the doors close, air can only filter one way. Then, it uses ultra-low volume (ULV) fogging machines that will apply disinfectant into the air space. This customized space was created for additional safety measure to the standard infection control procedures already have in place.


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That’s the word from NYC. What a nightmare for Les and Jeff and Bob and Peter. And what a difference a year makes when the scatter market was sizzling for 2007’s fourth quarter and deals were being inked with double-digit percent increases. Now I hear it’s frozen with fear, even for cable. Obviously, one huge problem is the dying auto industry, which usually drives the scatter market (where advertisers purchase commercial time when desired from available unsold network inventory at rates differing from those negotiated during the upfront season).
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Mixed crop cultivation of tribal farmer inspires others in Chhattisgarh
RAIPUR: Shivram, a tribal farmer from Kurushnar in
Abujhmarh block of Narayanpur district of Chhattisgarh has adopted vegetable
cultivation as an additional source of income.
During summer, Shivram cultivates tomato, chilly and
bottle-gourd crops and in rainy season okra, brinjal and chilly in his one-acre
land and earns good profit from it. Cultivating mixed crops of maize and okra
in Monsoon, he has become a source of inspiration for other farmers.
Shivram, resident of the remote Abujhmarh area said
that he cultivates vegetables in his one-acre land during winter and summer
season through the solar pump installed for drinking water near his house. He
sells the vegetables produced in his farm to Narayanpur and Jamhari markets
which is 12-km away from his house. He earns Rs 30-40 thousand per season from
During monsoon, he cultivates brinjal, chilly and okra
and sells it in local market. This year, with the guidance of agriculture and
horticulture field officials, he cultivated mixed crop of maize, okra and beans
in the one-acre land.
Shivram said that dedication and hard work needed to
cultivate all types of crops in the fertile land of Abujhmarh area. Out of the
total 7 acre agriculture land, he cultivates paddy in 3 acre, crops like Ragi,
kodo-kutki in two acres and in the one acre udad and kulthi crops. With this he
meets the needs of his 7-member family without much difficulty.
Shivram’s wife Shanti and son and daughter-in-law also
give every possible help in farming. Now, with the help of agriculture
department, he wants to dig a well on this farm, so that he could give a new
direction to farming.
In this direction, deputy director agriculture BK
Bijroniya said, looking to the dedication and hard work of Shivram, Rs 25,000
grant would be made available to him for digging a well. Impressed with the
hard work and determination of this tribal farmer, the horticulture department
has provided mini-kit of hybrid vegetable seeds worth Rs 2,500, two
vermi-compost tanka and pre-cooling chamber for keeping vegetable fresh for

domain: agronomy


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Vocal music is present in most cultures. In Western classical music, vocal music can include art songs, folk songs, choral music, oratorio and opera. It differs fundamentally from instrumental music by normally including text.
What is classical singing?
Calling one’s self a classical singer is simply a generic term that implies you sing music that is classical, baroque, opera, choral, etc Being classically trained means you’ve gone through formal instruction at a school of music or conservatory which covers subjects beyond just breathing and vocalizing.
How do you sing classically?
How to Sing Opera | Classical Singing – YouTube
Who is famous classical singer?
One of the most famous classical musicians in India was undoubtedly Pandit Kumar Gandharva. His real name was Shivaputra Siddharamayya Komkali. Pandit Kumar Gandharva was born on 8th April, 1924 in a place called Dharwad located in Karnataka.
What are different styles of singing?
Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, Indian music, Japanese music and religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues, ghazal and popular music styles such as pop, rock and electronic dance music.
Is Indian classical music difficult?
It is only as difficult as any other form of art. But, yes, mastering it is difficult. Both Carnatic and hindustani require significantly more than a casual approach to learning, to get a mastery. Classical music is vastly more difficult to play.
How long does it take to learn classical singing?
Classical singing will typically take 4 years to learn with a college degree, or 3-4 years through an individual grading system. Vocalists can speed up this process by working with a classical tutor, but they still have to cover all techniques and music theory required to be a classical singer.
Does classical music have a melody?
Classical music often has several melodic layers, called polyphony, such as those in a fugue, a type of counterpoint. Often, melodies are constructed from motifs or short melodic fragments, such as the opening of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony.
What is the rhythm of classical music?
Rhythm. There is now an enormous flexibility of rhythm. Classical pieces contain a wealth of rhythmic patterns, which make use of syncopations, or stresses of the upbeat, changes in note values etc In a Baroque piece, few patterns are reiterated throughout.
What are the 5 basic characteristics of classical music?
- an emphasis on elegance and balance.
- short well-balanced melodies and clear-cut question and answer phrases.
- mainly simple diatonic harmony.
- mainly homophonic textures (melody plus accompaniment) but with some use of counterpoint (where two or more melodic lines are combined)
- use of contrasting moods.
How do you identify classical music?
Like with other music, the Shazam smartphone app can help you figure out what exactly you’re listening to. All a user has to do is open the app, hold the device’s microphone close to the source of the music, such as a speaker, and wait for Shazam to “hear” the music.
What makes classical music different from other music?
In classical music, there is no instrument, such as the trap drums, that establish a steady, isometric, rhythm in which the main beats of the rhythm are constantly sounded. This allows the conductor to expand and contract the melody line to achieve different expressions.
What is the harmony of classical music?
General characteristics of harmony and tonality in the Classical period. Tonality was diatonic – in a major or minor key. Diatonic chords – mainly the primary chords – were used, with occasional chromaticisms. Regular cadences were used to punctuate balanced classical phrases.
Why is classical music so good?
The calming effect of classical music takes away any jitters or nervousness, and can help to decrease your heart rate and anxiety. The Mozart Effect relies on listening to classical music while performing a task, which helps to focus on the task at hand and improve memory retention.
What is the tempo of classical music?
|Presto||~170 BPM||Fast, often used in dances|
What’s that classical song that goes Dun Dun Dun Dun?
Composed between 1804-1808, Ludwig van Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony is not only one of his most famous works, but it’s also one of the most well-known works in the Western Classical Music canon. The Fifth Symphony premiered on 22nd December 1808 in an epic all-Beethoven premiere concert.
Was Beethoven deaf?
Beethoven first noticed difficulties with his hearing decades earlier, sometime in 1798, when he was about 28. By the time he was 44 or 45, he was totally deaf and unable to converse unless he passed written notes back and forth to his colleagues, visitors and friends. He died in 1827 at the age of 56.
What is the texture of classical music?
The texture is mainly homophonic, with a clear melody above a subordinate chordal accompaniment, for instance an Alberti bass.
What is the dynamics of classical music?
There are eight basic volume levels in music. From soft to loud: piano-pianissimo (ppp, as soft as possible), pianissimo (pp, very soft), piano (p, soft), mezzo piano (mp, quite soft), mezzo forte (mf, quite loud), forte (f, loud), fortissimo (ff, very loud), forte-fortissimo (fff, as loud as possible).
How can I find a classical song by humming?
On your mobile device, open the latest version of the Google app or find your Google Search widget, tap the mic icon and say “what’s this song?” or click the “Search a song” button. Then start humming for 10-15 seconds. On Google Assistant, it’s just as simple. Say “Hey Google, what’s this song?” and then hum the tune.
Is Fur Elise classical music?
Composed by Ludwig van Beethoven, Für Elise has joined his Fifth Symphony and Ode to Joy as one of the most famous, recognizable pieces of Classical music in the world.
What is the most famous classical song of all time?
- Grieg – ‘In the Hall of the Mountain King’ from Peer Gynt Suite.
- Mozart – Overture from The Marriage of Figaro.
- Puccini – ‘Nessun Dorma’ from Turandot.
- Prokofiev – ‘Dance of the Knights’ from Romeo and Juliet.
- Rossini – Overture from ‘William Tell’
What makes a music classical?
The Oxford Dictionary defines ‘classical music’ as “music written in a Western musical tradition, usually using an established form (for example a symphony). Classical music is generally considered to be serious and to have a lasting value.”
Does classical music have a beat?
It usually starts with a beat and then melody/harmony is layered on top of it, especially in Hip hop and EDM. But in classical music they don’t put as much emphasis on drums or beats.
How do classical music make sound?
Classical Style – Composing for the Piano – YouTube
What is the difference between classical music and modern music?
Classical pieces are generally more complex than modern songs and they stress on the beauty of their music while some modern songs focus more on how hard-hitting or rhythmically strong a song can be. Modern music makes much more use of modern instruments such as synthesizers, electric guitars, and electronic drums.
Is classical singing opera?
Opera is a key part of the Western classical music tradition. Originally understood as an entirely sung piece, in contrast to a play with songs, opera has come to include numerous genres, including some that include spoken dialogue such as musical theatre, Singspiel and Opéra comique.
What is the difference between opera music and classical music?
An opera is primarily sung, whereas in a musical, the songs are interspersed with passages of dialogue. In both instances, it is drama and words that drive the action.
Is Hamilton considered an opera?
But for a majority of audience members to come to see a show for the first time knowing it cold — that’s a phenomenon that I, at least, associate with opera. And “Hamilton,” indeed, is opera, in all the ways that count. Learning a show from a recording is very much like reading a book before seeing the movie version.
Do University Students Today Know Classical Music?
Top 10 Most Viewed Classical Music Pieces on YouTube
30 Classical Music Pieces Everyone Should Know


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The data table component in JSF2 is used for displaying database table, array list, hash map, etc.., into tabular format. In JSP, if you want to display a table record in tabular format, we need to create a html table template after that we need to iterate the result set object. Here that is not necessary, because the h:dataTable automatically create a table template based on your inputs as well it have lot of useful attributes for specifying style class for HTML tags like table, th, tr and td.
This is very simple use case of h:dataTable. Here I am using HashMap, Inside the hash map I have all country name as key and corresponding capital name as value. Now I am going to display that hash map into tabular format using h:dataTable component.
The rowClasses, columnClasses, header and footer classes are very useful attributes used for define your own css classes into table attributes. Download my entire application from github and see my managed bean, xhtml and css code. The result of application is like this.


Air Filter Uses Plants To Purify Indoor Toxins
The 'Filtration Block’ is a hanging unit that uses common shrubs and greenery, whose roots effectively absorb indoor chemicals, to clean the air.
Elaine Tong’s ‘Filtration Block’ is a modular unit that can hang on your wall or from the ceiling and will clean the air. Instead of using a mechanical filter, the project takes advantage of natural occurences, utilizing common plants whose roots are effective at absorbing different indoor chemicals like formaldehyde and benzene. When you place plants inside the block, it performs as an indoor air filtration system to create healthier air.
This research project from RAD (Responsive Architecture at Daniels) at the University of Toronto is based on the Weaire-Phelan structure for maximum spatial flexibility. The modules lock together and each one is glazed for light exposure, acting like a micro-greenhouse. A water misting infrastructure sustains the plants, calibrating the delivery of water through the use of humidity sensors and atomizers.