369 results found
Barwell A, Hou P, Yoshida N, et al., 2023, Designing asynchronous multiparty protocols with crash-stop failures, European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023), Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Pages: 1:1-1:30, ISSN: 1868-8969
Session types provide a typing discipline for message-passing systems. However, most session type approaches assume an ideal world: one in which everything is reliable and without failures. Yet this is in stark contrast with distributed systems in the real world. To address this limitation, we introduce Teatrino, a code generation toolchain that utilises asynchronous multiparty session types(MPST) with crash-stop semantics to support failure handling protocols. We augment asynchronous MPST and processes with crash handling branches. Our approach requires no user-level syntax extensions for global types and features a formalisation of global semantics, which captures complex behaviours induced by crashed/crash handling processes. The sound and complete correspondence between global and local type semantics guarantees deadlock-freedom, protocol conformance, and liveness of typed processes in the presence of crashes. Our theory is implemented in the toolchain Teatrino, which provides correctness by construction. Teatrino extends the Scribble multiparty protocol language to generate protocol-conformingScala code, using the Effpi concurrent programming library. We extend both Scribble and Effpi to support crash-stop behaviour. We demonstrate the feasibility of our methodology and evaluate Teatrino with examples extended from both session type and distributed systems literature.
Castro-Perez D, Yoshida N, 2023, Dynamically Updatable Multiparty Session Protocols Generating Concurrent Go Code from Unbounded Protocols, ISSN: 1868-8969
Multiparty Session Types (MPST) are a typing disciplines that guarantee the absence of deadlocks and communication errors in concurrent and distributed systems. However, existing MPST frameworks do not support protocols with dynamic unbounded participants, and cannot express many common programming patterns that require the introduction of new participants into a protocol. This poses a barrier for the adoption of MPST in languages that favour the creation of new participants (processes, lightweight threads, etc) that communicate via message passing, such as Go or Erlang. This paper proposes Dynamically Updatable Multiparty Session Protocols, a new MPST theory (DMst) that supports protocols with an unbounded number of fresh participants, whose communication topologies are dynamically updatable. We prove that DMst guarantees deadlock-freedom and liveness. We implement a toolchain, GoScr (Go-Scribble), which generates Go implementations from DMst, ensuring by construction, that the different participants will only perform I/O actions that comply with a given protocol specification. We evaluate our toolchain by (1) implementing representative parallel and concurrent algorithms from existing benchmarks, textbooks and literature; (2) showing that GoScr does not introduce significant overheads compared to a naive implementation, for computationally expensive benchmarks; and (3) building three realistic protocols (dynamic task delegation, recursive Domain Name System, and a parallel Min-Max strategy) in GoScr that could not be represented with previous theories of session types.
Ghilezan S, Pantović J, Prokić I, et al., 2023, Precise Subtyping for Asynchronous Multiparty Sessions, ACM Transactions on Computational Logic, Vol: 24, Pages: 1-73, ISSN: 1529-3785
<jats:p> Session subtyping is a cornerstone of refinement of communicating processes: A process implementing a session type (i.e., a communication protocol) <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> can be safely used whenever a process implementing one of its supertypes <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> ′ is expected, in any context, without introducing deadlocks nor other communication errors. As a consequence, whenever <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> ≤ <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> ′ holds, it is safe to replace an implementation of <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> ′ with an implementation of the subtype <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> , which may allow for more optimised communication patterns. We present the first formalisation of the <jats:italic>precise</jats:italic> subtyping relation for <jats:italic>asynchronous multiparty</jats:italic> sessions. We show that our subtyping relation is <jats:italic>sound</jats:italic> (i.e., guarantees safe process replacement, as outlined above) and also <jats:italic>complete</jats:italic> : Any extension of the relation is unsound. To achieve our results, we develop a novel <jats:italic>session decomposition</jats:italic> technique, from <jats:italic>full</jats:italic> session types (including internal/external choices) into <jats:italic>single input/output session trees</jats:italic> (without choices). We cover <jats:italic>multiparty</jats:italic> sessions with <jats:italic>asynchronous</jats:italic> inte
Gheri L, Yoshida N, 2023, Hybrid Multiparty Session Types: Compositionality for Protocol Specification through Endpoint Projection, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Vol: 7
Multiparty session types (MPST) are a specification and verification framework for distributed message-passing systems. The communication protocol of the system is specified as a global type, from which a collection of local types (local process implementations) is obtained by endpoint projection. A global type is a single disciplining entity for the whole system, specified by one designer that has full knowledge of the communication protocol. On the other hand, distributed systems are often described in terms of their components: a different designer is in charge of providing a subprotocol for each component. The problem of modular specification of global protocols has been addressed in the literature, but the state of the art focuses only on dual input/output compatibility. Our work overcomes this limitation. We propose the first MPST theory of multiparty compositionality for distributed protocol specification that is semantics-preserving, allows the composition of two or more components, and retains full MPST expressiveness. We introduce hybrid types for describing subprotocols interacting with each other, define a novel compatibility relation, explicitly describe an algorithm for composing multiple subprotocols into a well-formed global type, and prove that compositionality preserves projection, thus retaining semantic guarantees, such as liveness and deadlock freedom. Finally, we test our work against real-world case studies and we smoothly extend our novel compatibility to MPST with delegation and explicit connections.
Mezzina CA, Tiezzi F, Yoshida N, 2023, Rollback Recovery in Session-Based Programming, Pages: 195-213, ISBN: 9783031353604
To react to unforeseen circumstances or amend abnormal situations in communication-centric systems, programmers are in charge of “undoing” the interactions which led to an undesired state. To assist this task, session-based languages can be endowed with reversibility mechanisms. In this paper we propose a language enriched with programming facilities to commit session interactions, to roll back the computation to a previous commit point, and to abort the session. Rollbacks in our language always bring the system to previous visited states and a rollback cannot bring the system back to a point prior to the last commit. Programmers are relieved from the burden of ensuring that a rollback never restores a checkpoint imposed by a session participant different from the rollback requester. Such undesired situations are prevented at design-time (statically) by relying on a decidable compliance check at the type level, implemented in MAUDE. We show that the language satisfies error-freedom and progress of a session.
Demangeon R, Yoshida N, 2023, Causal computational complexity of distributed processes, Information and Computation, Vol: 290, ISSN: 0890-5401
This article studies the complexity of π-calculus processes with respect to the quantity of transitions caused by an incoming message. First, we propose a typing system for integrating Bellantoni and Cook's characterisation of polytime computable functions into Deng and Sangiorgi's typing system for termination. We then define computational complexity of distributed messages based on Degano and Priami's causal semantics, which identifies the dependency between interleaved transitions. Next, we apply a necessary syntactic flow analysis to typable processes to ensure a computational bound on the number of distributed messages. We prove that our analysis is decidable; sound in the sense that it guarantees that the total number of messages causally dependent of an input request received from the outside is bounded by a polynomial of the content of this request; and complete, meaning that each polynomial recursive function can be computed by a typable process.
Vasconcelos VT, Martins F, Lopez H-A, et al., 2022, A Type Discipline for Message Passing Parallel Programs, ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, Vol: 44, ISSN: 0164-0925
Ellis S, Zhu S, Yoshida N, et al., 2022, Generic go to go: dictionary-passing, monomorphisation, and hybrid, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Vol: 6
Go is a popular statically-typed industrial programming language. To aid the type safe reuse of code, the recent Go release (Go 1.18) published early 2022 includes bounded parametric polymorphism via generic types. Go 1.18 implements generic types using a combination of monomorphisation and call-graph based dictionary-passing called hybrid. This hybrid approach can be viewed as an optimised form of monomorphisation that statically generates specialised methods and types based on possible instantiations. A monolithic dictionary supplements information lost during monomorphisation, and is structured according to the program's call graph. Unfortunately, the hybrid approach still suffers from code bloat, poor compilation speed, and limited code coverage. In this paper we propose and formalise a new non-specialising call-site based dictionary-passing translation. Our call-site based translation creates individual dictionaries for each type parameter, with dictionary construction occurring in place of instantiation, overcoming the limitations of hybrid. We prove it correct using a novel and general bisimulation up to technique. To better understand how different generics translation approaches work in practice, we benchmark five translators, Go 1.18, two existing monomorphisation translators, our dictionary-passing translator, and an erasure translator. Our findings reveal several suggestions for improvements for Go 1.18 - specifically how to overcome the expressiveness limitations of generic Go and improve compile time and compiled code size performance of Go 1.18.
Peters K, Yoshida N, 2022, On the expressiveness of mixed choice sessions, EXPRESS/SOS 2022 : Combined 29th International Workshop on Expressiveness in Concurrency and 19th Workshop on Structural Operational Semantics, Publisher: Open Publishing Association, Pages: 113-130, ISSN: 2075-2180
Session types provide a flexible programming style for structuring interaction, and are used to guarantee a safe and consistent composition of distributed processes. Traditional session types include only one-directional input (external) and output (internal) guarded choices. This prevents the session-processes to explore the full expressive power of the pi-calculus where the mixed choices are proved more expressive than the (non-mixed) guarded choices. To account this issue, recently Casal, Mordido, and Vasconcelos proposed the binary session types with mixed choices (CMV+). This paper carries a surprising, unfortunate result on CMV+: in spite of an inclusion of unrestricted channels with mixed choice, CMV+'s mixed choice is rather separate and not mixed. We prove this negative result using two methodologies (using either the leader election problem or a synchronisation pattern as distinguishing feature), showing that there exists no good encoding from the pi-calculus into CMV+, preserving distribution. We then close their open problem on the encoding from CMV+ into CMV (without mixed choice), proving its soundness and thereby that the encoding is good up to coupled similarity.
Barwell A, Scalas A, Yoshida N, et al., 2022, Generalised multiparty session types with crash-stop failures, International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR), Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl, Pages: 35:1-35:25, ISSN: 1868-8969
Session types enable the specification and verification of communicating systems. However, their theory often assumes that processes never fail. To address this limitation, we present a generalised multiparty session type (MPST) theory with crash-stop failures, where processes can crash arbitrarily.Our new theory validates more protocols and processes w.r.t. previous work. We apply minimal syntactic changes to standard session π-calculus and types: we model crashes and their handling semantically, with a generalised MPST typing system parametric on a behavioural safety property. We cover the spectrum between fully reliable and fully unreliable sessions, via optional reliability assumptions, and prove type safety and protocol conformance in the presence of crash-stop failures. Introducing crash-stop failures has non-trivial consequences: writing correct processes that handle all crash scenarios can be difficult. Yet, our generalised MPST theory allows us to tame this complexity, via model checkers, to validate whether a multiparty session satisfies desired behavioural properties, e.g. deadlock-freedom or liveness, even in presence of crashes. We implement our approach using the mCRL2 model checker, and evaluate it with examples extended from the literature
Peters K, Yoshida N, 2022, On the Expressiveness of Mixed Choice Sessions, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, Vol: 368, Pages: 113-130
Gheri L, Lanese I, Sayers N, et al., 2022, Design-by-contract for flexible multiparty session protocols, European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022), Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl, Leibniz-Zentrum, Pages: 1-28, ISSN: 1868-8969
Choreographic models support a correctness-by-construction principle in distributed programming. Also, they enable the automatic generation of correct message-based communication patterns from a global specification of the desired system behaviour. In this paper we extend the theory ofchoreography automata, a choreographic model based on finite-state automata, with two key features. First, we allow participants to act only in some of the scenarios described by the choreography automaton. While this seems natural, many choreographic approaches in the literature, andchoreography automata in particular, forbid this behaviour. Second, we equip communications with assertions constraining the values that can be communicated, enabling a design-by-contract approach. We provide a toolchain allowing to exploit the theory above to generate APIs for TypeScript web programming. Programs communicating via the generated APIs follow, by construction, the prescribed communication pattern and are free from communication errors such as deadlocks
Lagaillardie N, Neykova R, Yoshida N, 2022, Stay safe under panic: affine rust programming with multiparty session types, European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP)'22), Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Pages: 4:1-4:29, ISSN: 1868-8969
Communicating systems comprise diverse software components across networks. To ensure theirrobustness, modern programming languages such as Rust provide both strongly typed channels,whose usage is guaranteed to be affine (at most once), and cancellation operations over binarychannels. For coordinating components to correctly communicate and synchronize with eachother, we use the structuring mechanism from multiparty session types, extending it with affinecommunication channels and implicit/explicit cancellation mechanisms. This new typing discipline,affine multiparty session types (AMPST), ensures cancellation termination of multiple, independentlyrunning components and guarantees that communication will not get stuck due to error or abrupttermination. Guided by AMPST, we implemented an automated generation tool (MultiCrusty) ofRust APIs associated with cancellation termination algorithms, by which the Rust compiler autodetects unsafe programs. Our evaluation shows that MultiCrusty provides an efficient mechanismfor communication, synchronization and propagation of the notifications of cancellation for arbitraryprocesses. We have implemented several usecases, including popular application protocols (OAuth,SMTP), and protocols with exception handling patterns (circuit breaker, distributed logging).
Gheri L, Lanese I, Sayers N, et al., 2022, Design-by-contract for flexible multiparty session protocols (Artifact), ECOOP 2022 (Artifacts Evaluation), Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl, Leibniz-Zentrum, Pages: 1-5, ISSN: 2509-8195
We introduce CAScr, the first implementationof Scribble (http://www.scribble.org, https://nuscr.dev/) that relies on choreography automata,for deadlock-free distributed programming. CAScrsupports the main theoretical results and construc-tions in the related article. CAScr takes the populartop-down approach to system development, basedon choreographic models, following the originalmethodology of Scribble and multiparty sessiontypes. The top-down approach enables correctness-by-construction: a developer provides a global de-scription for the whole communication protocol;by projecting the global protocol, APIs are gen-erated from local CFSMs, which ensure the safeimplementation of each participant. The theoryof choreography automata in the related articleguarantees deadlock freedom for the distributedimplementation of flexible global protocols. Wetarget web development, supporting in particularthe TypeScript programming language.
Gheri L, Lanese I, Sayers N, et al., 2022, Design-By-Contract for Flexible Multiparty Session Protocols, ECOOP 2022, ISSN: 1868-8969
Choreographic models support a correctness-by-construction principle in distributed programming. Also, they enable the automatic generation of correct message-based communication patterns from a global specification of the desired system behaviour. In this paper we extend the theory of choreography automata, a choreographic model based on finite-state automata, with two key features. First, we allow participants to act only in some of the scenarios described by the choreography automaton. While this seems natural, many choreographic approaches in the literature, and choreography automata in particular, forbid this behaviour. Second, we equip communications with assertions constraining the values that can be communicated, enabling a design-by-contract approach. We provide a toolchain allowing to exploit the theory above to generate APIs for TypeScript web programming. Programs communicating via the generated APIs follow, by construction, the prescribed communication pattern and are free from communication errors such as deadlocks.
Gheri L, Lanese I, Sayers N, et al., 2022, Design-by-Contract for Flexible Multiparty Session Protocols - Choreography Automata for distributed TypeScript programming (Artifact), ECOOP 2022
Barwell AD, Ferreira F, Yoshida N, 2022, Book review, Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming, Vol: 125, Pages: 100744-100744, ISSN: 2352-2208
Cutner Z, Yoshida N, Vassor M, 2022, Deadlock-Free Asynchronous Message Reordering in Rust with Multiparty Session Types, 27th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming (PPoPP), Publisher: ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, Pages: 246-261
Graversen E, Phillips I, Yoshida N, 2022, Event structures for the reversible early internal π-calculus, Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming, Vol: 124, Pages: 1-46, ISSN: 2352-2208
The 휋-calculus is a widely used process calculus, which models communications between processes and allows the passing of communication links. Various operationalsemantics of the 휋-calculus have been proposed, which can be classified according towhether transitions are unlabelled (so-called reductions) or labelled. With labelled transitions, we can distinguish early and late semantics. The early version allows a processto receive names it already knows from the environment, while the late semantics andreduction semantics do not. All existing reversible versions of the 휋-calculus use reduction or late semantics, despite the early semantics of the (forward-only) 휋-calculusbeing more widely used than the late. We introduce two reversible forms of the internal 휋-calculus; these are the first to use early semantics. The internal 휋-calculus is asubset of the 휋-calculus where every link sent by an output is private, yielding greatersymmetry between inputs and outputs. One of the new reversible calculi uses staticreversibility, where performing an action does not change the structure of the process,and the other uses dynamic reversibility, where performing an action moves it to a separate history. We show an operational correspondence between the two calculi. Forthe static calculus we define denotational event structure semantics, which generate anevent structure inductively on the structure on the process. For the dynamic calculus wedefine operational event structure semantics, which generate an event structure basedon a labelled asynchronous transition system. We describe a correspondence betweenthe resulting event structures.
Aceto L, Bertrand N, Yoshida N, 2021, INTERVIEWS WITH THE 2021 CONCUR TEST-OF-TIME AWARD RECIPIENTS, BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, ISSN: 0252-9742
Yoshida N, Ferreira Ruiz F, Zhou F, 2021, Communicating Finite State Machines and an Extensible Toolchain for Multiparty Session Types, FCT 2021 - 23rd International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory, Publisher: Springer Verlag, ISSN: 0302-9743
This short article announces the recipients of the CONCUR Test-of-Time Award 2021.
Medic D, Mezzina CA, Phillips I, et al., 2021, Towards a formal account for software transactional memory, Twelfth International Conference on Reversible Computation, Publisher: Springer Verlag, Pages: 255-263, ISSN: 0302-9743
Software transactional memory (STM) is a concurrency con-trol mechanism for shared memory systems. It is opposite to the lockbased mechanism, as it allows multiple processes to access the same setof variables in a concurrent way. Then according to the used policy, theeffect of accessing to shared variables can be committed (hence, madepermanent) or undone. In this paper, we define a formal framework fordescribing STMs and show how with a minor variation of the rules it ispossible to model two common policies for STM: reader preference andwriter preference.
Toninho B, Yoshida N, 2021, On polymorphic sessions and functions: A tale of two (fully abstract) encodings, ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, Vol: 43, Pages: 1-55, ISSN: 0164-0925
This work exploits the logical foundation of session types to determine what kind of type discipline for the𝜋-calculus can exactly capture, and is captured by, 𝜆-calculus behaviours. Leveraging the proof theoreticcontent of the soundness and completeness of sequent calculus and natural deduction presentations of linearlogic, we develop the first mutually inverse and fully abstract processes-as-functions and functions-as-processesencodings between a polymorphic session 𝜋-calculus and a linear formulation of System F. We are then ableto derive results of the session calculus from the theory of the 𝜆-calculus: (1) we obtain a characterisation ofinductive and coinductive session types via their algebraic representations in System F; and (2) we extend ourresults to account for value and process passing, entailing strong normalisation.
Castro-Perez D, Ferreira Ruiz F, Gheri L, et al., 2021, Zooid: a DSL for certified multiparty computation: from mechanised metatheory to certified multiparty processes, PLDI 2021, Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Pages: 237-251
We design and implement Zooid, a domain specific language for certified multiparty communication, embedded in Coq and implemented atop our mechanisation frame work of asynchronous multiparty session types (the first of its kind). Zooid provides a fully mechanised metatheory for the semantics of global and local types, and a fully verified end-point process language that faithfully reflects the type-level behaviours and thus inherits the global types properties such as deadlock freedom, protocol compliance, and liveness guarantees.
Yoshida N, Cutner Z, 2021, Safe session-based asynchronous coordination in rust, Coordination 2021, Publisher: Springer Verlag, Pages: 80-89, ISSN: 0302-9743
Rust is a popular systems language focused on performance and reliability, with an emphasis on providing “fearless concurrency”. Message passing has become a widely-used pattern by Rust developers although the potential for communication errors leaves developing safe and concurrent applications an unsolved challenge. In this ongoing work, we use multiparty session types to provide safety guarantees such as deadlock-freedom by coordinating message-passing processes. In contrast to previous contributions [22,21,20], our implementation targets asynchronous applications using a sync/await code in Rust. Specifically, we incorporate a synchronous subtyping theory, which allows program optimisation through reordering input and output actions. We evaluate our ideas by developing several representative use cases from the literature and by taking microbenchmarks. We discuss our plans to support full API generation integrating asynchronous optimisations.
Graversen E, Phillips I, Yoshida N, 2021, Event structure semantics of (controlled) reversible CCS, Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming, Vol: 121, ISSN: 2352-2208
CCSK is a reversible form of CCS which is causal, meaning that actions can be reversed if and only if each action caused by them has already been reversed; there is no control on whether or when a computation reverses. We propose an event structure semantics for CCSK. For this purpose we define a category of reversible bundle event structures, and use the causal subcategory to model CCSK. We then modify CCSK to control the reversibility with a rollback primitive, which reverses a specific action and all actions caused by it. To define the event structure semantics of rollback, we change our reversible bundle event structures by making the conflict relation asymmetric rather than symmetric, and we exploit their capacity for non-causal reversibility.
Bravetti M, Carbone M, Lange J, et al., 2021, A sound algorithm for asynchronous session subtyping and its implementation, Logical Methods in Computer Science, Vol: 17, Pages: 1-35, ISSN: 1860-5974
Session types, types for structuring communication between endpoints in distributed systems, are recently being integrated into mainstream programming languages. In practice, a very important notion for dealing with such types is that of subtyping, since it allows for typing larger classes of system, where a program has not precisely the expected behaviour but a similar one. Unfortunately, recent work has shown that subtyping for session types in an asynchronous setting is undecidable. To cope with this negative result, the only approaches we are aware of either restrict the syntax of session types or limit communication (by considering forms of bounded asynchrony). Both approaches are too restrictive in practice, hence we proceed differently by presenting an algorithm for checking subtyping which is sound, but not complete (in some cases it terminates without returning a decisive verdict). The algorithm is based on a tree representation of the coinductive definition of asynchronous subtyping; this tree could be infinite, and the algorithm checks for the presence of finite witnesses of infinite successful subtrees. Furthermore, we provide a tool that implements our algorithm. We use this tool to test our algorithm on many examples that cannot be managed with the previous approaches, and to provide an empirical evaluation of the time and space cost of the algorithm.
Miu A, Ferreira Ruiz F, Yoshida N, et al., 2021, Communication-safe web programming in TypeScript with routed multiparty session types, The International Conference on Compiler Construction (CC), Publisher: ACM, Pages: 94-106
Modern web programming involves coordinating interactions between browser clients and a server. Typically, the interactions in web-based distributed systems are informally described, making it hard to ensure correctness, especially communication safety, i.e. all endpoints progress without type errors or deadlocks, conforming to a specified protocol.We present STScript, a toolchain that generates TypeScript APIs for communication-safe web development over WebSockets, and RouST, a new session type theory that supports multiparty communications with routing mechanisms. STScript provides developers with TypeScript APIs generated from a communication protocol specification based on RouST. The generated APIs build upon TypeScript concurrency practices, complement the event-driven style of programming in full-stack web development, and are compatible with the Node.js runtime for server-side endpoints and the React.js framework for browser-side endpoints.RouST can express multiparty interactions routed via an intermediate participant. It supports peer-to-peer communication between browser-side endpoints by routing communication via the server in a way that avoids excessive serialisation. RouST guarantees communication safety for endpoint web applications written using STScript APIs.We evaluate the expressiveness of STScript for modern web programming using several production-ready case studies deployed as web applications.
Miu A, Ferreira F, Yoshida N, et al., 2021, Communication-Safe Web Programming in TypeScript with Routed Multiparty Session Types
Please refer to the README on https://github.com/STScript-2020/cc21-artifact/blob/main/README.md
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PARIS (Reuters) - France has found a suspected case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the northeastern region of Ardennes, the farm ministry said on Tuesday.
If confirmed, it would be the first case of BSE, commonly known as mad cow disease, in France since 2004. That could hit beef exports at a time when livestock farmers are already struggling.
Samples of the five-year old cow were sent to a reference laboratory in Britain and test results were expected within eight to 10 days, a ministry official said.
A new mad cow disease case would likely change France’s official BSE risk level, assigned by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). France regained the safest level, “negligible risk”, last year as it could demonstrate that the last infected native animal was born more than 11 years before.
Several countries including South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam and Singapore lifted embargos on French beef following the OIE decision.
France’s livestock sector is currently facing a severe crisis, drawing protests from farmers and prompting national and European Union aid schemes.
The pork and milk sectors are the worst hit, as they are more vulnerable to a Russian embargo and a drop in Chinese demand, but cattle farmers also complain of difficult market conditions due to low prices.
Reporting by Sybille de La Hamaide; editing by Gus Trompiz and Mark Trevelyan
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


text:
SAINT PAUL, Minn. – Tonight, Governor Tim Walz and legislative leaders reached agreement on an outline for a new two-year state budget.
Rep. Jen Schultz (DFL – Duluth), Chair of the House Long-Term Care Division, issued the following statement:
“All Minnesotans deserve affordable, accessible health care. I’m pleased our budget compromise preserves funding for our Health Care Access Fund, ensuring Minnesotans – especially people with low incomes or disabilities – can count on the care they need. This shouldn’t be considered a partisan victory, but rather a basic reflection of our values in this state. In regards to access, quality, and cost, we’ll keep working to improve health care for Minnesotans.”
Rep. Liz Olson (DFL – Duluth), House Majority Whip, issued the following statement:
“Minnesotans care about each other and want to see everyone share in our success and this session I’ve been working to ensure they can. I’m proud that this budget agreement increases investments in all students and protects health care for Minnesotans. By no means is our work over, and I’ll keep fighting for a brighter future for Minnesotans.”

domain: health


text:
A new Vancouver Police Department cadet program is designed to teach leadership skills and increase the pool of recruits among inner city youth, the executive director of the Vancouver Police Foundation said Wednesday.
Martina Meckova said the Vancouver Police Cadet Program will start this September with 60 youths aged 14 to 17. The program is being developed in conjunction with the Vancouver school board. Participants may also include youths outside the targeted secondary schools of John Oliver and Britannia.
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“The cadet program is a new initiative,” she said. “It’s similar to a police academy for inner city youth between ages of 14 and 17.”
The program is modelled after a similar program by the Los Angeles Police Department.
As each cohort of youths graduates, they will become mentors for the next group to help build positive peer-to-peer role modelling and encourage other students get into the program, she said.
The 24-week program will include educational workshops along with physical training, team and life skill building exercises, and public speaking. Sessions will take place in a classroom and at the department’s technical training centre.
Participants can be expected to spend up to six hours a week in the program. There is no cost to participate.
While First Nations students will be participating, no particular ethnic or cultural group is being singled out by the program, she said.
“The goal is really develop these young kids into young leaders and develop a recruitment pool for future police officers,” Meckova said.
The cadet program is being funded by money raised at the Night Patrol Gala Tuesday at the Vancouver Convention Centre West. Attended by more than 1,200 people and billed as the biggest charity fundraiser in the city, Night Patrol raised $2.3 million of which $892,000 is going to fund the new cadet program. Both the province and the city of Vancouver contributed $180,000 for the cadet program.
The remainder of the money raised at the gala will go to support the Vancouver Police Pipe Band, community outreach and police equipment not included in the annual operating budget of the VPD.
Highlights of the gala included Sarah McLachlan joining the Vancouver Police Pipe Band in a performance to mark its 100th anniversary. She was the first woman inducted as an honorary member of the pipe band.
Vancouver Sun staff

domain: sociology


text:
What if we got it wrong? What if success does NOT have to be so stressful?
As an Executive Coach, I work with people who create Big Success. They push themselves, and they do extraordinary things: complete and publish a first book, create a company, lead teams, gain visitors (from 173 countries) to their blog and more.
Some time ago, I was about to sit down to work and I felt depleted.
An idea that I’ve shared with clients arose in my mind: “It’s okay to get tired. But let’s stay aware. We CAN avoid burnout.”
I thought about launching a whole new project and product. I took in a breath and felt tired. Really tired.
Then three powerful words arose in my mind:
What about ease?
I’ve learned that there are times when our first thought (like “I’m so tired. I don’t see how I can do this) can be misguided.
Shift your thoughts with just three words: What about ease?
Think about it.
- Confidence Attracts. Stressed out repels.
- Ease attracts. Desperation repels.
How can you put Ease into your process?
And, let’s take this to another level: Abundance with Ease.
This became clear to me some years ago. I took a seminar in which I learned to break a wooden board with my palm-strike. Sure, the breaking of the board represented a “breakthrough.”
Then I had a thought. What if you remove the board?—You could have an EASETHROUGH.
That’s the big, helpful idea! Remove the board or obstacle in your life.
One of my favorite topics that I give speeches on is “Receive Your Gifts: Abundance with Ease.”
Right at this moment, you have a number of gifts in your life.
Still, the question is: Do you RECEIVE your gifts?
This became clear to me one time. I have a particular elderly relative who is simply miserable. I gave this person a gift and he simply put it aside. He did not open it. He did not receive the gift. Why? Because this guy harbors resentments, disappointments, and judgments against a number of family members. He has gifts: he can walk, he has family members, he is financially okay. But he has bad habits in his thinking—so his whole life is full of upset (and metaphorical “wooden boards.”).
I see things like this guy’s behaviors and his upset-patterns of thought, and I realize I want a LIFE that is so different from that!
The essence of “Receive Your Gifts: Abundance with Ease” is in removing the obstacles in this present moment. [Remember: Remove the wooden board and have an Easethrough.]
If you only focus on the future, you might live in worry.
If you only focus on the past, you might live in regret.
Really LIVING is found in this present moment.
Is it easy to let go of worry and regret? Probably not at first. Why? We have a lot of “practice” with worry and regret. Worry and regret are connected to the three major obstacles (“wooden boards”). They are resistance, judgment and attachment.
Nonresistance, nonjudgment, and nonattachment are the three aspects of true freedom and enlightened living. – Eckhart Tolle
Here I’ll provide a few brief comments on the processes of nonresistance, nonjudgment, and nonattachment:
We lose a lot of energy to resisting things. One of my clients resisted the idea that her mother simply could not be loving. Later, with nonresistance, she learned to receive the gift of nurturing and kindness from her friends.
Judging things in certain ways can keep us worrying about the future. One of my clients said that he could not take it if he lost his job. In essence, he was judging himself to be incompetent. The positive process was to set aside the idea of “incompetent” and to focus on improving his skills both work-related and for keeping himself strong (nutrition, exercise, quiet time…).
When one door closes another door opens; but we so often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door, that we do not see the ones which open for us. – Alexander Graham Bell
The truth is: loss is coming. The idea of nonattachment is to approach life in a way in which we convert “demands” into “preferences.” If we lose something, but we had held it as a “preference,” we can more easily recover.
Demands can get us into trouble. We might try to demand that another person love us, or be thoughtful, or be conscious of how their actions affect us. Still, such demands often get another person to rebel, and we get exactly what we had hoped to avoid.
Nonattachment is a process of flowing with life as it is. This is opposed to swinging a metaphorical bat of expectations and to trying to beat life and other people into submission. Such acts just create misery.
We realize that it can be useful to have a goal and to engage with the process of making it manifest. Still we can hold the goal with a light grip. We do what’s necessary, but as some disappointments arrive, we are okay because we hold things as “preferences.” Sure, an author prefers to have a best-selling book. Still, she is grateful for selling 10,000 copies.
* * *
Let’s hold onto the idea of an Easethrough. That’s when you remove the “wooden boards” of resistance, judgment and attachment.
Now it’s your turn. What “wooden boards” (obstacles) are in your life? How can you shift your approach to one of nonresistance, nonjudgment and nonattachment?
Then you can truly Receive Your Gifts.
CEO (leading teams in United Kingdom, India and USA)
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domain: psychology


text:
National Eye Health Week 2021
We are supporting National Eye Health Week (NEHW) from 20th to 26th September, an annual event promoting the importance of good eye health and the need for everyone to have regular eye tests. NEHW is an opportunity to highlight our specialist services for blind and sight impaired adults and children across West Sussex, and our recent announcement of new services for 2021, its 100th anniversary year.
Sight is the sense people fear losing the most, yet many of us don’t know how to look after our eyes – National Eye Health Week aims to change all that! Eye tests are not just about checking whether your vision needs correcting through glasses, but are vital for checking the health of the eye. Eye health checks detect many general health problems and early signs of eye conditions before you’re aware of any symptoms, many of which can be treated if found early enough.
It also promotes tips to keep eyes healthy including the importance of leafy greens, bright fruit and veg, eggs and oily fish in our diet, all of which contain antioxidants which can help to prevent retinal damage. It also explains the importance of protection from the sun such as choosing a pair of sunglasses with the CE mark which ensures you have the right level of ultraviolet protection.
Some of the new services introduced by 4Sight Vision Support, and open to all, are a direct result of how we have adapted to provide support to our members throughout the pandemic. We are now able to help with accessing benefits and concessions: advisors can assist with completing Personal Independence Payment (PIP) forms, which can make a huge difference to the quality of life, independent living, and general wellbeing. Advice can also be given on obtaining a 50% TV license discount, applying for a Blue Badge, and other travel concessions.
Other new services include a dedicated Accessible Technology Specialist providing advice and assistance with using everyday technology such as tablets, laptops, mobile phones, and home speakers, and a Dedicated Vision Support service for children, young people, and families.
We also continues to offer online social activities and peer support groups such as quizzes, book clubs, history and theatre discussion groups, as well technology Q&A/ demo sessions.
Our CEO Kirstie Thomas said,
“National Eye Health Week is an opportunity for everyone to discover how to take simple steps to take care of their sight in the long term and is a great platform for us to highlight the importance of eye health care. We are also very grateful to everyone at Bognor Regis Town Football Club for their continued support and allowing us to join them at their home match on Saturday 25th so that we can promote awareness of this, whilst raising some much needed funds to support 4 Sight Vision Support’s free services.”
We would like to take this opportunity to thank the Sussex Community Foundation, Hospital Saturday Fund, Shanly Foundation, Nationwide Community Grants, National Lottery, Thomas Pocklington Trust for contributing to the cost of delivering these services and make this support possible.
In addition, it would like to thank the Postcode Society Trust for a grant of £19,898 towards a Vision Support Coordinator helping people of working age (31-64) to remain in/access employment, obtain benefits, and continue to be active participants in family life and their wider community.
To find out more about how we can support you or someone you know living with sight loss, call 01243 828555.
For more details about NEHW visit www.visionmatters.org.uk

domain: medical


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domain: finance


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Wally West returns for a new adventure in the multiverse with the Moebius Chair with the power of Dr. Manhattan in Generation Zero, DC’s new FCBD 2020 book
Tagged: Wonder Woman
Did Greg Capullo just drop the first teaser for the Dark Nights Metal Sequel/encore?
As Batman anad Superman pick up the pieces of the the fight with the new Secret Six, trust is starting to become a big deal for the World’s Finest and other heroes in the...
DC Comics teases big changes for DC Comics history via Wonder Woman # 750 with Scott Snyder and Bryan Hitch
Funko announced new figures coming soon featuring Patty Jenkins funko pop and Ava DuVarnay Funko Pop which will be coming to stores soon.
Jason Momoa teases a new segment from the Justice League Snyder Cut, the original vision by director Zack Snyder
Pia Wurtzbach as Wonder Woman will definitely make your day as the queen goes all Amazon goddess and warrior in her costume
Wonder Woman 1984 director Patty Jenkins officially confirms that Pedro Pascal is Maxwell Lord for the upcoming WB sequel

domain: news


text:
Stop Hunger with juice May 16, 2015 06:07 1 Comment
Stop Hunger with Juice
Hangry: (han-gree) adj. A state of anger caused by lack of food, hunger causing a negative change in emotional state.
Hanger is an ugly epidemic. Don’t fall victim. This meal/snack is quick & easy to make and avocado’s heart-healthy fats will keep you satisfied…..and more pleasant to be around in general.
Avocados are a good source of fiber, potassium, and vitamins C,K, folate, B6 and heart-healthy unsaturated fat. One avo contains more than one-third daily value of vitamin C, and more than half the day’s requirements of vitamin K.
Green Smash Toast Recipe
2 slices of your favorite whole or sprouted grain bread- lightly toasted, ½ avocado, ½ lime, red pepper flakes, sea salt & pepper to taste.
1. Toast bread slices. Slice a ripe avocado in half. Squeeze the meat of the avocado onto the toasted bread and spread it evenly.
2. Cut a lime in half and gently squeeze the juice over the avocado on your slices of toast.
3. Sprinkle red pepper flakes, sea salt, and black pepper to taste.
Nutritious & filling. Smash now & often.

domain: food


text:
Entertaining audiences for virtually her entire life, Lesley Ann Warren started studying ballet at just 6-years-old. Lesley Ann Warren got her first big acting role in the 1965 TV movie Cinderella, where she portrayed the title character. She would go on to co-star in 1982’s Victor Victoria, and her impressive performance garnered her an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Just a few years later, Warren would play Miss Scarlet in Clue, a film that would find pop-culture fandom for decades to come.
Throughout her illustrious career, Lesley Ann Warren has been featured in over 100 movies and television series, including Community, Will & Grace, Jobs, and her current film, The Grand Son, currently available on Vudu and set to be released on DVD on November 16. The film tells the story of Tod and his sister, Lani, who live a charmed life thanks to their wealthy grandmother, Judy (Warren), a former movie star turned host of a home shopping show with failed ratings. Judy sees her grandchildren as spoiled and entitled, and when Tod senses that his lifestyle is in jeopardy, he forms a diabolical plan to keep the home shopping show going and the money rolling in.
— Uncork'd Entertainment (@uncorkdent) August 14, 2018
The Grand Son is a dark film that’s sharply told, and per her usual, Warren’s performance hits the mark. Recently, I had the pleasure of speaking with Lesley Ann Warren, and we discussed her character in The Grand Son, some of her current and future projects, and of course my all-time favorite movie, Clue.
Carter Lee: Hi Lesley, how are you?
Lesley Ann Warren: I’m good, thank you. How are you?
CL: I’m doing really well, thank you. I finished watching your new feel-good film, The Grand Son, last night. Just a charming family.
LAW: [Laughing] Yeah, exactly.
CL: It’s a good film for a normal dysfunctional family to watch and feel a bit more…
LAW: [Laughing] Oh, they’ll feel fabulous.
CL: Yes! There are few redeemable characters in the movie. A lot of times with films that have few redeemable characters, with no one seemingly to root for, an audience can check out. But this one really works well. It’s really good. It’s dark, but it tells a fascinating story. You play a dark character. What was it like portraying her?
LAW: I really, really was challenged by this character, certainly upon reading it initially, because this is a woman who was desperately trying to hold on to something she no longer had control over which was her aging and being aged-out of the career that she loved.
Then being aged-out of the job that she had, essentially, and fighting with everything that she knew how to fight with to try to keep relevant, and she can’t. She tried to hold on to her sexuality, to her control issues, her domineering behaviors. I think inside, she knows what’s happening, and I think she’s dying inside from the reality. So, I thought it was very complex and was very interested to try to embody all of that.
CL: You portrayed her well because this could have just been a straightforward character, but I think through the nuances you gave her, she had more layers.
LAW: I think so too, and I was excited to try to find those moments in places where you could see her humanity, and what was going on for her.
— Clint Morris (@ClintOCoast) August 10, 2018
CL: I know that the movie will be received well, and I just thought everyone in that film did a marvelous job.
LAW: I did too, and I think the director Robert Logevall is really, really talented. I think he’s got a real vision, cinematically. He knows how to tell a story in a unique way without having the opportunity to have a budget, per se, but I think all the active actors did an excellent job.
CL: Absolutely. It’s a fine film. You’ve had a stellar career. Correct me if I’m wrong, but I believe you started very young and as a ballet dancer.
LAW: Yes, I started ballet at six in New York, in Manhattan, and that’s what I thought my career was going to be. I was really serious about it, and I loved it. Around 14, a lot of my friends were in Bye Bye Birdie on Broadway, and I used to hang out backstage, and I started feeling like, ‘God, I really want to do this. I really want to.’ And I, sort of, veered into the musical theater direction. I started singing, acting, and jazz dancing as well as ballet, and by the time I was 17, I was in my first Broadway show.
LAW: I actually got the Most Promising Newcomer Award on Broadway that year. I did that for nine months, and then I went right into Cinderella, which was huge.
Happy #Birthday Lesley Ann Warren, Oscar-nominated (for Victor/Victoria) actress/singer, got her television break starring in the small screen version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella in 1965 https://t.co/yWXXt5J9qO
— Giovanni F7 (@giovannif7) August 17, 2018
CL: Was your first Broadway 110 in the Shade?
CL: That’s a lovely piece, for sure. It’s funny, I was talking with my spouse, Larayne, the other day because she loves musicals. I like musicals when they’re live in a theater, but I don’t normally seek out musical movies. We were looking for something to watch, and she asked me if there were any musicals that I actually liked that we could watch together, and I said, “Yeah, we can always watch Victor Victoria.”
CL: It’s just an amazing piece with a stellar cast, you, James Garner, and Julie Andrews. Any Victor Victoria stories you can share?
LAW: That was just a fantastic experience for me. I was convinced I was going to be fired because when I met Blake [Edwards], you know, I looked like myself. He went off to London, and I had all these ideas about how this character should look, and how she should sound, and he said, ‘Well, just bring them to the makeup and hair test.’ So, months and months later, we have these makeup-hair tests in London, and I came out in my full Norma regalia, and I thought, [Laughing] “I think they are going to hate it or they’ll love it.” And the rest is history. He loved it.
And there was no musical number in the movie for me, and then one day in daily’s he just reached over and said, “Do you still sing?” I said, “Yes, I do.” He said, “Do you dance?” I said, “Yes, I do.” And then he brought Henry Mancini and Leslie Bricusse from California to London, and they wrote this fantastic number, and it was just a glorious experience.
CL: How cool. I’m going to get to my favorite movie in a second, and I don’t mean my favorite movie that you star in, it’s my favorite movie. First, I want to make sure we touch on another current project of yours. I don’t have any inside knowledge; I’m just going off IMDb here. You’ve got a film currently in post-production.
LAW: Is it Life Support with Brian Dennehy and J.K. Simmons? That will be coming out January/February. It’s wonderful, absolutely wonderful.
CL: That’s the one I really wanted to touch on. What can you tell us about that? It has an impressive cast.
LAW: Dennehy, J.K. Simmons is in it, Tom Arnold, Mo Gaffney, it’s a really wonderful cast. It’s a comedic tragedy. It’s basically a true story about this family that comes together with the impending death of the patriarch and what happens to the family dynamics, and it’s funny, and it’s sad, and it’s moving, and it’s poignant. I love this movie.
CL: That’s very exciting. I see David Koechner is also in it. He’s phenomenal.
LAW: Yes! He’s fabulous. It’s got a great cast. And it’s funny too, but it’s also kind of tragic. I play Brian’s second wife, so a lot of the kids don’t like me [Laughing]. But it’s so good. I’m excited about it. I’m also doing this new series by Jenji Kohan, who created Orange is the New Black, and Weeds, and Glow, and it’s called American Princess. We’re in production, we haven’t completed it. And that’s an absolutely wonderful project.
And I’ve been doing a dance show called Dance to the Movies. It has a lot of the winners and runners up of the dancers from So You Think You Can Dance and Dancing with the Stars, and two singers from American Idol, and we do the re-creation of movie musical numbers. We send them all over the country—Ontario, 4,000 people in Florida, New Jersey—and I go out with it, and I do maybe three or four shows, and I come back and do the rest of my life. It’s really fun.
Don't miss star of stage and screen, Lesley Ann Warren, stars in Dance to the Movies at The Playhouse #inwilm this weekend, May 18-20! Get tickets now: https://t.co/yOEpjYSX15 pic.twitter.com/sXSkFxaloN
— The Grand Opera House (@thegrandwilm) May 16, 2018
CL: Very cool. That’s exciting. I’m glad you are still part of that dancing world. Do you still sing?
LAW: I do!
CL: Good! Because you have a beautiful voice.
LAW: Thank you.
CL: Okay, so the one film I’m dying to talk to you about that you’re probably sick of talking about…
LAW: I knew you were going to say that! [Laughing] I knew you were going to say that. People love that movie, and I do too. I do too.
CL: Oh, good! I’m glad because, you know, they say never talk to your heroes or interview your heroes, or whatever, and the entire cast of Clue are pretty much my heroes. But I thought you seemed really nice, or at least nice enough to not lambaste me for bringing it up [Laughing].
LAW: Oh, God no. I’m so proud of that movie! And I’m proud of the amazing, enduring legacy of it. It’s fantastic.
CL: I’m sure you’ve been told this a million times, but I can quote 99 percent of that movie.
LAW: Oh yeah, that happens to me all the time. I’m not even kidding you. I go places and people will go, “It’s my defense mechanism.” They just start quoting lines from the movie. It’s crazy. I’m thrilled. I’m really thrilled. I’m proud of it.
"Who would want to kill the cook?"
"Dinner wasn't that bad."
"How can you make jokes at a time like this?"
"It's my defense mechanism"#Clue
— Samantha P. (@sterlingcoopers) May 1, 2014
CL: I think everyone should be that was a part of that film. I have probably seen it over 200 times, and I keep playing with the idea of getting a Clue tattoo.
LAW: That’s hysterical.
CL: I have several tattoos, none of them are of films, but this has been my favorite movie since I was 7, and I don’t think that’s going to change.
LAW: I just love that.
CL: My mom showed it to me when I was about 7 or so. Now, my stepson watches it. He’s 15, but I think I first introduced it to him when he was 7. So, it’s like a family tradition here.
LAW: I like that.
CL: It’s just brilliant and so witty, and everyone shines in it equally, I feel.
LAW: I do too. I think everyone was cast so intelligently, in terms of what they could specifically bring, and they bring it. I agree. It’s a fabulous combination of extraordinary talented, I don’t even want to say comics, but actors who are adept at comedy. We so enjoyed each other’s work, we drove the director crazy. We were just laughing hysterically at each other’s work. It was about three-and-a-half months of shooting, and it was one of the best experiences I’ve had.
CL: That’s awesome to hear. Certainly, the cast of characters you’ve got there, I can imagine how you guys were cutting it up.
LAW: Oh, we were impossible. [Laughing] It was like herding cats.
We were out of control because we were so enamored by each other’s work. There were times when, literally, we would be doubled over in hysterics and we had to start shooting. It was so crazy. It was just an incredible experience. A blast in every way. I’ve gone on to work with Martin Mull, like three or four times we’ve been paired together, and we’re just crazy about each other.
CL: I think every time that I see you two on screen, the chemistry really shines. You can tell it’s genuine.
LAW: Yes, yes.
CL: I can honestly say that I don’t think a week goes by without quoting that movie. I have a group of friends back home in D.C. that always quote it with me. Just the other day I looked at my girlfriend and said, “It’s me and you honey bunch.” I didn’t even think about it. It just came out.
LAW: [Laughing] Yeah, I know. It’s just wonderful. The other thing about it, it spans all these generations. Really young children, like you said, love it. Teenagers love it, and then I get these 20- or 30-year-olds that come up to me quoting lines, and then the people who are older that saw it when it came out. It’s crazy.
CL: Yes. Seeing it as a kid is one of my fonder memories.
LAW: I’m very sad that they’re talking about redoing it. I hate it. I just don’t want them to.
CL: Right?! A film like that doesn’t need to be updated.
LAW: I know! It is exactly the right period. It is a magical combination. But, all well.
CL: I think they’ll find that you can’t recreate that magic.
LAW: You can’t. You can’t.
CL: I think it’s one thing when you remake a movie because, maybe, it needs better special effects and it’s an action type of thing.
LAW: This movie is so performance driven and has such distinct characters. I’m not sure that’s the right thing to do.
CL: No, it’s not. Well, I appreciate this conversation. You made my day. I look forward to revisiting The Grand Son soon and checking out the other projects you’re working on. Thank you so much.
LAW: You’re welcome. Thank you. Enjoy your day.

domain: entertainment


Most bridges used in gaming are fairly small with only enough width to handle one or two vehicles side by side. This is usually all that is needed, but sometimes when the scenario requires it a much larger bridge is called for. This is a fairly simple conversion that can be done to most gaming bridges.
The details on most bridges is all on the sides, so it’s fairly easy to widen a bridge. The first step is to simply cut it in half.
We then cut a notch into the sides to increase the surface area and make it a stronger joint.
A new wider deck was then added. If this is being done with a stone bridge then, replicating the stone texture would be the hardest part. We simply glued some fine grit sandpaper to the new deck and painted it black.
New support piers were made using some wooden dowels.
A few comparison pictures of the original bridge sections and the modified ones.
The Truss is an HO scale Model Railroad one that we got from a local hobby shop for under $15.


As Britain continues to draw up its plans to participate in an Italian-led invasion of Libya, political figures continue to maintain that the mission will officially be a “training” mission, and not one of combat.
Despite this, British military officials are quoted as saying that the vast majority of the estimated 1,000 British troops to be sent would be “protection” forces, and that only a very small fraction of the troops would ever engage in training.
It is common, in overseas deployments, for nations to include some “protection” troops to protect the other troops being sent. Libya is such a wreck, however, that keeping even a small contingent of legitimate “trainers” safe requires a major deployment of combat forces.
The whole “training” conceit is likely to evaporate pretty quickly at any rate, as the Libyan unity government on whose imprimatur the invasion would be predicated has virtually no real military of its own, and hence not much for the 6,000-troop Western European invasion force to “train.”
Last 5 posts by Jason Ditz
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I also picked up a bushel of Earthbound Farms' fresh herb salad mix and some goat cheese and then I noticed that blueberries were 2 pints for $5 so I jumped on that too. If you like raspberries, blackberries, and/or blueberries, Fresh Market usually has them on deal at 2/$5. So, if they aren't that price on your particular visit and you don't mind waiting check back the next week they likely will be.
Tonight I sliced up 1/2 of the Asian pear to make a salad for dinner. This thing was so big that I only needed to slice up 1/2 of it.
Then I filled a bowl with the fresh herb salad mix, added the pear, blueberries, and goat cheese and tossed with a tiny amount of olive oil and this pinot noir vinegar I'd received at a Slow Food Miami dinner.
The end result was a winner. I liked the sweetness of the pear against the slightly tart blueberries and the acidity of the red wine vinegar. The goat cheese balanced everything out nicely. I suppose you could also add grilled chicken to make this a more hearty salad too. If you've never tried one of these pears, give it a shot. They are great in a salad and I also like to use them with brie and turkey in a sandwich. Or you could just eat them like an apple. Regardless of how you use them, you can find these giant Asian pears at the Fresh Market in Coconut Grove.


Streaming giant ZEE5 has released the official teaser of its latest Telegu crime revenge thriller, ‘Meka Suri’. A quintessential revenge story.
The story of the film revolves around Meka Suri, who sets out to avenge his wife’s death. After Rani, his wife, is brutally murdered by a group of people, Meka Suri decides to take revenge on them and teach them a lesson. In his plotting for revenge, he also receives help from a gang of Naxalites.
The first look of the film reveals the corrupt political underbelly, prisons, policemen and the protagonist, Meka Suri, in action against people misusing their power.
With and thrillers like Mafia and crime stories like Lalbazaar and recent-most, Yaara, Zee5’s palate of crime and thriller stories have always managed to keep its viewers on the edge of their seats till the last second.
‘Meka Suri’ will premiere on ZEE5 on July 31. Check out the official teaser here:
Also Read: Lalbazaar review: Too many irrelevant sub-stories play spoilsport


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Nature & Moi Chedddar slices 200gr
Nature & Moi Cheddar slices is a very tasteful type of vegan cheese. It’s very hard to distinguish it from real cheddar cheese, with its typical orange/yellow color and slightly spicy taste. It can be eaten on bread, but preferably melted on a nice (vegan) hamburger.
- Buy cheese online for private and business customers.
- Freshly cut & Vacuum sealed - Extra long shelf life!
- MORE THAN 350 TYPES OF CHEESE - Cheese sellers since 1970
- Refrigerated worldwide shipment
- GIFT? CHANGE ADDRESS AT CHECK-OUT
- SEE HOW WE PACK AND SHIP
Nature & Moi Cheddar slices is a very tasteful type of vegan cheese. It’s very hard to distinguish it from real cheddar cheese, with its typical orange/yellow color and slightly spicy taste. It can be eaten on bread, but preferably melted on a nice (vegan) hamburger. Enjoy the taste or these Nature & Moi Cheddar slices just the way you prefer, and benefit from the many advantages it offers when comparing it to real cheese. This plant based cheddar doesn’t contain any dairy, and therefor no lactose. This makes it a lot easier to digest, especially for people that are lactose intolerant.
Fun fact: did you know the original cheddar cheese was found in a small village in Summerset (England) which is called Cheddar? This vegan alternative will give you a very similar taste experience, and it also melts just as well. There’s no excuse anymore for using real cheese, not even on your grilled sandwich or hamburger. This vegan cheddar fits perfectly in a vegan or plant based lifestyle, and you can combine it endlessly, just like the real one. Have you checked our our other assortment of vegan cheeses? We have a type of plant based cheese for every occasion, that all taste just like real cheese!
Water, modified starch, coconut oil (20%), salt, tricalcium citrate, vegan flavorings, acidifier, citric acid, olive extract, colorants: beta carotene, paprika extract, vitamin B12. Produced in a factory where possibly dairy products were processed.
This vegan cheddar has the Vegan quality mark.
|Dimension whole cheese||N/A|
|Brand||Nature & Moi|
|Nutritional information||per 100 grams|
|Saturated fat (gr)||18|
|Type of milk||N/A|
|Type of rennet||N/A|
|May contain traces of peanuts.||Yes|
|Edible cheese rind||Yes|
|Limited shelf life||No|


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Wow! It was such an honour to assist my lovely husband Matt to capture the beautiful elopement of Ravin and Dee in Taormina, Sicily. Even though we met for the first time on the morning of the wedding we hit it off straight away and laughed through the rest of the day! Matt and I felt incredibly honoured to not only be only other two people in the world who knew about their elopement but to also act as their witnesses – The greatest honour I have had in this job to date!
If you need any tips on planning your wedding in Taormina, check out my Wedding Photography in Taormina Elopement Hub here
I’d also love for you to see my most recent weddings and elopements around Taormina and Sicily (click an image to see the whole wedding!):
Ravin & Dee’s Taormina Elopement
They said, “You have honestly been so amazing! You made the day so much fun. You helped us know what to do in front of the camera but at the same time made us feel so relaxed. It really helped that you were just so encouraging too.
It has felt so special to share this with you and you made it really special. You made it an experience to remember forever!”
Come on the adventure with us…
For relaxed and creative Fine Art Wedding photography in Taormina, Sicily, Italy or anywhere in Europe and beyond get in touch and it will be an honour to do the same for you!

domain: artistic


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Film Review: The Lighthouse
By Erik Nielsen
Film can be like a dream, part and parcel with the machinations that make it so - sound, vision, storytelling, people - the way The Lighthouse is constructed makes you part of the hallucinations and isolation the two characters undergo whilst also revealing little to nothing about their suffering. If anything, the film is about trying to escape your wild disbelief in reality. A movie that is part fever-dream, part buddy-comedy and also, the most artful film committed to a running fart joke since Ozu’s Good Morning, The Lighthouse is something to behold.
A24 is having one of their best years yet and this is the studio that gave us Moonlight and Lady Bird. If you were to look at all the year-end lists and what people have been talking about so far, you'd be remiss to find The Farewell, High Life (also starring Pattinson), The Souvenir, Midosommar and Last Black Man in San Francisco not among the contenders for best films of the year. The Lighthouse will surely be there too and we still (at least not us festival-goers) have not had the chance to see Waves or Uncut Gems.
Robert Eggers latest venture with A24 yields something different entirely from most of the production company’s films but can fall along the same lines as Midsommar. He’s also found a fine eye for period-specific horror-comedy that was part of his debut -The Witch’s DNA. It is absurd, brash, hilarious, psychedelic and terrifying. Willem Dafoe and Robert Pattinson - in what is one of the greatest two-handers ever assembled - play two 19th century New England lighthouse attendants who are isolated to this giant crack of rock where they take care of the land as well as look over the mysterious lighthouse. The lighthouse produces an immense light and a sound that could be mistaken for a UFO or it could be the score of the movie. We’re never told what it is but it begins to affect or at least coincides with the psyche of Pattinson who slowly begins to unravel.
The textures of the film are beautiful and carefully constructed. The look could easily be mistaken for one of Bergman's earlier films, especially The Seventh Seal. The mystery of the sea and the dark illuminating forces surrounding are a perfect fit for the old 16mm stock Eggers chose to shoot on and immediately conjure up the iconic opening scene of Seal. Eggers creates an alchemy of analog and digital technologies to get shots we’ve never seen in this style, especially with his two actors. The cracks in Dafoe's face are brought out by the black and white, becoming a set piece in themselves. Each mark on his face carrying a different story, contrasting with the boldness of his eyes and the ferocity in which he speaks.
The two are almost immediately at odds when they arrive in their living quarters. Pattinson goes to lay down in his bed and Dafoe farts in his face. But, the tension continues when Dafoe wants to indulge in his alcoholic behaviors - always with a drink in hand, always hungover - but Pattinson refuses the first night “A drink makes a man dumb” he says in his starkly toned New England accent. It should also be said that the dialogue is remarkable and incredibly poetic. It’ll be worth the rewatch just to understand what they’re saying because it’s as dense as the set design, masked by the thick accents and elevated by the performances, as the actors know just when to go over the top with their delivery.
The real insanity begins when Pattinson’s character starts to hallucinate. He has visions of a mermaid in the dark abyss, he begins to hear things coming from the lighthouse and even seeing octopus tentacles flushing about when he decides to spy on what Dafoe does at the top. But he keeps it inside, struggling to maintain his distance from what could reasonably be madness simmering to the surface. He’s also completely isolated, with no means of finding out the truth of the lighthouse if not told directly by Dafoe. There’s only one record book, which is never shown to Pattinson, only kept close by his partner who forbids Pattinson from looking at it. This tortures him and the shots of his face are unforgettable, brooding with dark circles in his eyes, losing all grip with reality as he vanishes into the shadows, an apt metaphor for his madness. Soon, Pattinson begins to indulge and the next 20-30 minutes of the film are the two drinking, dancing, eating and fighting to no end. They have no idea what to do with themselves nor do they trust each other but love to bicker about what makes a man a man.
Finally, when Pattinson confronts Dafoe, Dafoe begins to ploy and trap him like he did his other assistant - who we learn went mad too. He convinces Pattinson that he's the one who's been forcing him to drink, that he's the one who wanders into the lighthouse late at night. It’s terrifying because Eggers meticulously sets up montages where we feel like we’re going crazy too, trapped on the rock with them but also in the psyche of two characters who are spiraling out of control. Eggers slowly reveals the truth to us or so it seems.


David Lang, Ensemble Signal, And Suzanne Bocanegra At EMPAC
Tonight at 7:30, EMPAC will present Pulitzer Prize-winning composer and Bang on a Can co-founder David Lang’s orchestral work, "darker." The evening-length composition will be performed by Ensemble Signal, with live projections by visual artist Suzanne Bocanegra.
David Lang is one of America's most performed composers. He is co-founder and co-artistic director of New York’s legendary music collective Bang on a Can. He is the recipient of numerous awards including the Pulitzer Prize, a Grammy Award, an Academy Award and Golden Globe nomination, a Bessie Award, Obie Award, and more.


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With pretty solid writing skills, this author tells a straightforward account of a long-distance trail hike. There is less content spent on the personal growth aspect of his journey than some related authors like Cheryl Strayed (Wild), however the author's limited reflections on personal growth, politics, and relationships are thoughtful and interesting. This book is informative for aspiring AT hikers and entertaining for armchair hiking enthusiasts.
I read this after returning from a backpacking trip in the Sierras, and it was great to hear what was different for a traveler in Muir's time compared to now (not to mention how different it must have been for a risk-taker like Muir compared to me). Muir's writing style is so old-timey and reverent, the story almost sounds like a religious text.
The author refers to plant and animal species, as well as geographic locations, very specifically.
I saw the film and heard some snippets of Ralston's interviews online. This made me wonder why he said he wouldn't avoid this accident if he were to do it over again. This book helped to explain what the experience has done to enrich the author's life. Although the book would do a service to readers by adding some advice on avoiding similar incidents, it's a great story from a standpoint of overcoming adversity, facing fears, "growing" spiritually/intellectually, etc. The book does not, however, provide much advice in terms of "lessons learned." I enjoyed that it was ready by Aron Ralston himself. I always like audio books that are read by their own authors; you can be pretty sure that all the voice inflections are correct interpretations of the author's tone.
In my opinion, this book is only valuable for those who want to compile multiple accounts of the 1996 Everest accidents. It is somewhat interesting to compare Viesturs' account of this disaster with others' stories. The writing itself does not describe well the beauty, adventure, or accomplishments of climbing and being outdoors; the only thing it properly illustrates is Viesturs' self-absorption. The reader's incorrect pronunciation of commonly used words, such as "veterinarian," is also annoying.
Mr. Viesturs could have used some more writing help. His experiences and accomplishments are amazing and worth telling, but they're communicated poorly.
It is a significant account of the 1996 Everest disaster, and the author is not the least bit shy about assigning blame. This is interesting to compare to other accounts, such as John Krakauer's book Into Thin Air. Viesturs also references other climbers' books on the incident within his story. That's a good resource.
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domain: library


By VoicePlus Sales Support Manager, Alyssa Barmonde
The two latest Samsung smartphones - which went on sale last Friday - are good to go for the Australian bush! Both the Samsung Galaxy Note 5 and the Samsung S6 Edge have received great reviews from IT websites for their style, features and applications.
Westpac is trialling a new technology-led working environment in Melbourne and Sydney. Known as WorkSmart some key features of the design are:


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Category: Children's Books|
The author of the book: Joan Stimson
Format files: PDF, EPUB
The size of the: 34.75 MB
Edition: Ladybird Books Ltd
Date of issue: 1 February 1996
Description of the book "Bedtime and Monster Stories":A pack of two audio cassettes. The first story features Oliver, a fluffy new owl. His parents are very proud of him but when he is a few weeks old he develops a problem, he begins to snore. The second story is about a cheerful dinosaur who comes knocking at the door, asking for a guided tour.
Reviews of the Bedtime and Monster StoriesTo date regarding the guide we've Bedtime and Monster Stories responses end users have not yet left his or her overview of the sport, you aren't make out the print but. Yet, if you have already read this guide and you are prepared to help to make the results well require you to spend your time to go out of an evaluation on our website (we could publish each bad and good critiques). Put simply, "freedom of speech" All of us completely recognized. Your own opinions to book Bedtime and Monster Stories : different audience will be able to come to a decision with regards to a publication. Such guidance can make us all additional U . s .!
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Download EBOOK Bedtime and Monster Stories for free


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Kerala Tour Package: get a good deal on Dream Tour Kerala Package Travel Package at TrueHab. Book your trip to Kerala today.
You are Greeted On Arrival At Kochi International Airport/railway Station By Nissi Representative Representative and Thereafter Transfer to Hotel. Afternoon You Can Go for the Sightseeing of Cochin. Here You Can See the St Francis Church, the Oldest Church in India, 500 Year Old Portuguese Houses, Chinese Fishing Nets, 16th Century Synagogue, Jew Town and Mattancherry Palace, Built By Portuguese, this Palace Contains Some of India’s Most Beautiful Murals. Evening Go for Shopping. Overnight At Hotel
Morning After Breakfast Depart for Munnar Enjoying the Scenic Beauty & the Marvelous Waterfalls(cheeyappara), High Mountains with the Low Flying Clouds Passing By. You Can Do On the Way Sightseeing of Munnar and Witness Tea Gardens Spread like a Green Carpet Over Hundreds of Kilometers, Lush Green Hills, a Place So Difficult to Describe, Very Low Population Too Far from Pollution, Most of the Area Covered By Tata Tea. Check in and Evening Relax At Hotel. Overnight At Hotel.
Today Morning After Breakfast You Can Go for Sightseeing in Munnar Which Includes Mattupetty, Eco-point, Tea Museum, Pothamedu Etc. You Can also Enjoy Boating in the Lake (optional). Overnight At Hotel.
Today Morning After Breakfast Drive to Backwater Place (04 Hrs Drive), You Can See Panoramic Backwater Stretches. On Arrival Check in to the Resort. Afternoon You have the Option for Boating, Fishing and Sunset Cruise in the Evening. Overnight Stay in Hotel
Morning After Breakfast Transfer with Our Representative to the Airport for Your Flight Back Home.

domain: geography


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How You Make Your Trips to the Dentist A Lot Less Stressful
According to the Columbia University College of Medicine, 40 million people avoid going to the dentist because of anxiety. Many people fear the pain of dental treatments. A bad past experience can also cause one to be afraid.
However, it is important to see a dentist Chicago residents recommend on a regular basis. Neglecting dental care can have serious consequences. There are several things that you can do to make your trips to the dentist a lot less stressful.
Share Your Fears
It is important to be honest with your dentist. If you are scared, then you will need to let your dentist know that. This will make it easier for the dentist to adapt the treatments to meet your needs.
For example, they may give you colored glasses. These glasses can prevent the fluid from getting in your eyes. They may also recommend that you use hand signals to let them know that you are uncomfortable.
Listen to Calming Music
Listening to music is one of the best things that you can do to stay calm while you are in the dentist chair. Studies have shown that calming music can lower your heart rate and blood pressure.
Watch What You Eat or Drink
If you consume something that has caffeine in it, then you will probably be nervous when you get in the dentist chair. You will also need to avoid sugary foods. Foods that are high in protein tend to produce a calming effect.
Choose The Right Time of the Day
If you choose an appointment during a busy time, then your dentist visit will likely be a lot more stressful. The early mornings and late afternoons are typically the busiest times for dentist offices.
If you are in need of a dentist Chicago, then you will need to contact East Village Dental Centre.