text:
|Publication number||US7335161 B2|
|Application number||US 10/922,816|
|Publication date||26 Feb 2008|
|Filing date||20 Aug 2004|
|Priority date||20 Aug 2004|
|Also published as||EP1819397A2, EP1819397B1, US20060041281, US20080132967, WO2006023786A2, WO2006023786A3|
|Publication number||10922816, 922816, US 7335161 B2, US 7335161B2, US-B2-7335161, US7335161 B2, US7335161B2|
|Inventors||Jeffrey A. Von Arx, Abhi Chavan|
|Original Assignee||Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (73), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This present disclosure pertains to implantable medical devices such as implantable monitors, pacemakers, and cardioverter/defibrillators.
Cardiac failure refers to a condition in which the heart fails to pump enough blood to satisfy the needs of the body. It is usually due to some damage to the heart itself, such as from a myocardial infarction or heart attack. When heart failure occurs acutely, autonomic circulatory reflexes are activated that both increase the contractility of the heart, constrict the vasculature, and retain fluid as the body tries to defend against the drop in blood pressure. If the heart failure is not too severe, this compensation is enough to sustain the patient at a reduced activity level. Compensated heart failure, however, is a precarious state. If cardiac function worsens or increased cardiac output is required due to increased activity or illness, the compensation may not be able to maintain cardiac output at a level sufficient to maintain normal renal function. Fluid then continues to be retained, causing the progressive peripheral and pulmonary edema that characterizes overt congestive heart failure. Diastolic filling pressure becomes further elevated which causes the heart to become so dilated and edematous that its pumping function deteriorates even more. This condition, in which the heart failure continues to worsen, is decompensated heart failure. It can be detected clinically, principally from the resulting pulmonary congestion and dyspnea, and all clinicians know that it can lead to rapid death unless appropriate therapy is instituted.
It would be advantageous if there were a convenient means by which the decompensation status of a heart failure patient could be determined at an early stage. One way is to monitor one or more vascular pressures which either affect, or are affected by, the degree of heart failure in a patient. For example, left atrial pressure could be monitored since it becomes elevated with an increase in left ventricular dysfunction and may lead to pulmonary edema. Similarly, measurement of right atrial pressure provides an indication of the extent of right ventricular dysfunction. Measurement of systemic arterial pressure is also relevant since hypertension increases the afterload into which the heart must pump and may lead to further left ventricular dysfunction. The present disclosure relates to an implantable device which is configured with one or more intravascular pressure sensors for monitoring blood pressure at one or more sites. Blood pressure waveforms collected by an implantable sensor, however, can be noisy and have artifacts due to the patient's posture, body temperature, and activity level. Deriving clinically useful information from a blood pressure waveform may also depend upon the ability to relate certain features of the waveform to other physiological activity. Described herein are a number of different ways by which an implantable device, either alone or in conjunction with one or more external devices, may use other sensing modalities in order to identify features and reduce the noise in blood pressure waveforms.
Clinically useful features may be identified in a blood pressure waveform if the time course of the waveform is related with simultaneously occurring cardiac activity. The cardiac sensing capability of an implantable cardiac device may be used for this purpose by using chamber senses derived from electrogram signals or delivered paces to mark the time at which a heart beat starts. Alternatively, a phonocardiogram generated by an implantable microphone may be used to detect cardiac activity. Blood pressure waveforms may then be collected as digitized sample values, where the time at which each sample value is collected is made the same with respect to a detected heart beat among the collected waveforms. Alignment of the collected pressure waveforms with the cardiac cycle can be done by simultaneously sampling and storing the blood pressure waveforms and the cardiac activity signals with time stamps.
Alignment of a plurality of collected blood pressure waveforms with the cardiac cycle also allows further processing to be performed to reduce noise and artifact. For example, if a gap occurs in a pressure waveform due to signal loss during its collection, the information may be filled in with the corresponding part of another collected pressure waveform which is aligned at the same time with respect to the cardiac cycle as the gap. Such signal loss may be particularly prone to occur with pressure sensors which transmit their signals wirelessly as described below. Alignment of collected blood pressure waveforms with cardiac activity also allows noise to be reduced through signal averaging. A standard technique for reducing noise in a signal is to collect a number of such signals at different times and under similar conditions and then average the collected signals. Such averaging serves to cancel out noise due to factors which cause a random variation in the signal, leaving only the systemic or true variation. Blood pressure waveforms generated by an implantable pressure sensor are subject to such random variation due to, for example, body movement while the blood pressure waveform is being collected. In order to perform averaging of blood pressure waveforms, however, the systemic variation in the waveform needs to be constant from waveform to waveform. A way of providing this constant systemic variation is to align the collected blood pressure waveforms with the cardiac cycle as described above prior to averaging. Beat to beat averaging of the pressure waveforms can then be done using features (e.g., chamber senses or heart sounds) detected from the cardiac activity signal as markers for alignment of successive pressure waveforms.
Noise can also be removed from a blood pressure waveform by only collecting such waveforms when specified conditions are known to exist which result in less artifact being present in the signal. Such windowing or gating of blood pressure measurement may be performed in accordance with information received from other sensing modalities with which the implantable device is equipped. For example, a patient's physical activity has a significant effect on a blood pressure waveform. An activity level signal such as provided by an accelerometer may therefore be used to gate blood pressure measurements so that pressure waveforms are collected only during periods of relative inactivity. A patient's posture also affects a blood pressure waveform due to hydrostatic effects. A spatial orientation signal from a posture sensor may be used to gate blood pressure measurements so that pressure waveforms are collected only during periods when the patient is in one or more specific postures (e.g., lying down). Also, virtually all pressure sensors are also affected by temperature variation. A temperature sensor may therefore be used to gate blood pressure measurements so that pressure waveforms are collected only when the patient's body temperature is in a specified range. Similar gating functions may be performed in accordance with other data such as detected heart rate and exertion level.
Information derived from other sensing modalities can also be used to reduce noise in a blood pressure waveform by calibrating the waveform in accordance with the information. For example, the spatial orientation signal from a posture sensor can be used to calibrate a collected pressure waveform to take into account the hydrostatic effects of the patient's posture. A collected pressure waveform may also be calibrated with a temperature signal using the known temperature variation of the pressure sensor. Such calibration functions may be performed alone or in conjunction with the gating functions described above.
1. Exemplary Implantable Device Description
Collection of blood pressure waveforms as described above may be implemented in any type of cardiac device (e.g., a conventional pacemaker, resynchronization pacemaker, defibrillator, combination device, or heart monitor) having the necessary sensing capabilities for measuring blood pressure and cardiac activity. Described below is an implantable cardiac rhythm management device which may be programmed to collect the needed data for blood pressure measurement and noise reduction.
Cardiac rhythm management devices are implantable devices that provide electrical stimulation to selected chambers of the heart in order to treat disorders of cardiac rhythm. A pacemaker, for example, is a cardiac rhythm management device that paces the heart with timed pacing pulses. The most common condition for which pacemakers have been used is in the treatment of bradycardia, where the ventricular rate is too slow. Atrio-ventricular conduction defects (i.e., AV block) that are permanent or intermittent and sick sinus syndrome represent the most common causes of bradycardia for which permanent pacing may be indicated. If functioning properly, the pacemaker makes up for the heart's inability to pace itself at an appropriate rhythm in order to meet metabolic demand by enforcing a minimum heart rate and/or artificially restoring AV conduction. Pacing therapy may also be used to treat heart failure patients suffering from ventricular conduction disorders by pacing both ventricles in order to result in a more coordinated contraction, termed cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Cardiac rhythm management devices are contained within a housing which is usually implanted subcutaneously on the patient's chest and connected to electrodes by leads threaded through the vessels of the upper venous system into the heart. An electrode can be incorporated into a sensing channel that generates an electrogram signal representing cardiac electrical activity at the electrode site and/or incorporated into a pacing or shocking channel for delivering pacing or shock pulses to the site.
A system-level diagram of an exemplary implantable cardiac rhythm management device such as that described above is shown in
The embodiment shown in
The controller 10 controls the overall operation of the device in accordance with programmed instructions stored in memory and with information derived from the sensing channels. The voltages sensed by the sensing electrodes are electrogram signals that are analogous to a surface ECG and provide a temporal record of cardiac depolarization and repolarization that occurs during either intrinsic or paced beats. The sensing circuitry of the pacemaker generates chamber sense signals (i.e., atrial or ventricular senses, also referred to as p-waves and r-waves, respectively) when voltages sensed by the electrodes of a particular channel exceed a specified threshold. The controller 10 interprets sense signals from the sensing channels in order to detect arrhythmias and to control the delivery of paces in accordance with a pacing algorithm that employs such senses to trigger or inhibit pacing. Most pacing modes are so-called demand modes where a heart chamber is paced upon expiration of an escape interval without receipt of a sense from that chamber. For example, in an atrial triggered mode, an atrial sense initiates an AV escape interval so that one or both ventricles are then paced upon expiration of the interval if no intrinsic ventricular activity occurs beforehand. The ventricles may also be paced upon expiration of an escape interval initiated by a ventricular sense or pace, and the atria may be paced by a ventriculo-atrial escape interval initiated by a ventricular sense or pace. As described herein, the electrogram signals generated by a sensing channel can be used to detect cardiac activity for aligning collected blood pressure waveforms prior to averaging. Alternatively, cardiac activity can be detected via a phonocardiogram generated by a microphone 130.
Also interfaced to the controller are a minute ventilation sensor 110 and an accelerometer 100 for use in measuring a parameter related to the patient's exertion level and adjusting the pacing rate of the device accordingly in rate-adaptive pacing modes. The accelerometer and minute ventilation sensor produce a signal which approximates the patient's exertion level by measuring body activity and respiratory volume rate, respectively. The minute ventilation sensor measures the respiratory volume by injecting bursts of excitation current between excitation electrodes and measuring a transthoracic voltage drop to derive a signal proportional to the transthoracic impedance. (A particular minute ventilation sensor is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,161,042, assigned to the assignee of the present application and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.) In a rate-adaptive pacing mode, one or more escape intervals are adjusted in accordance with a measured exertion level so that the pacing rate varies with metabolic demand. The modified pacing rate dictated by a rate-adaptive algorithm is referred to as the sensor-indicated rate. The rate-adaptive algorithm calculates the sensor-indicated rate by mapping a measured exertion level to a heart rate in accordance with a function referred to as the response factor. As described earlier, signals from the accelerometer and minute ventilation sensors may also be used to gate the collection of blood pressure waveforms.
One or more implantable pressure sensors 150 are interfaced to the controller to enable the collection of blood pressure waveforms. As described above, the pressure sensors may be either incorporated into intravascular leads or may be wireless satellite units. Other sensors interfaced to controller for providing signals used to gate or calibrate collected blood pressure waveforms include a temperature sensor 140 and a posture sensor 160. In one embodiment, the posture sensor is a multi-axis accelerometer which allows the controller to compute the patient's posture from measured accelerations along the multiple axes.
A flow sensor 120 is also provided for generating a signal indicative of blood flow. If a blood pressure waveform and a flow waveform are generated simultaneously from sensors located near one another in the same blood vessel, the controller is able to compute a downstream flow resistance value.
2. Exemplary Implementation
There are many ways in which an implantable device may implement and use the techniques for collecting blood pressure waveforms with noise reduction as described above. For example, blood pressure waveforms may be collected by the device and stored with time stamps or other means for aligning the waveforms with detected cardiac activity. Averaging of the waveforms and/or other processing such as feature extraction may then be performed by the implantable device or an external device such as an external programmer to which the collected waveforms are downloaded. Similarly, other sensing data such as heart rate, activity level, posture, and temperature may be stored with collected pressure waveforms and then used by the implantable device or an external device to calibrate the waveforms as described above. Sensing data such as heart rate, activity level, posture, and temperature may also be used by the implantable device to gate when pressure waveforms are collected, or the data may be used by an external device or a clinician to which the data is presented in order to determine which of a plurality of collected pressure waveforms should be selected for further processing or analysis.
where the summation is carried out from n=1 to N by summing the corresponding K samples of each pressure waveform P(n). Any desired number of average waveforms AvgP may be computed in the manner just described. The algorithm may also be executed at any desired time such as periodically according to a schedule, upon receiving a command from an external programmer, or upon detection of a specific event or condition. The average waveform(s) may then be transmitted to an external programmer or other external device for graphical or numerical display to a clinician.
The implantable device may collect other data which may be used to reduce noise and/or remove artifacts in collected pressure waveforms by either calibrating the waveforms or gating when the waveforms are collected. Such gating or calibration techniques may be used in collecting pressure waveforms whether or not the collected waveforms are averaged as described above. In the gating technique, the collection of pressure waveforms is performed only when a particular condition or conditions are present. For example, a pressure waveform is collected only if the heart rate as measured by the interval between r-waves or p-waves (or paces) is within a specified range, if the exertion level as measured by an activity level sensor (e.g., an accelerometer) or minute ventilation sensor is within a specified range, if the temperature signal from a temperature sensor indicates the patient's body temperature is within a specified range, or if the spatial orientation signal from a posture sensor indicates the patient is in one or more specific postures. In the calibration technique, the samples of a collected pressure waveform are modified in order to compensate for the effects of conditions indicated by sensor data. For example, the pressure waveform samples may be calibrated with a temperature signal and/or a spatial orientation signal in order to compensate for the effects of the patient's temperature or posture on the blood pressure waveform. Data such as heart rate, activity level, posture, and temperature may also be stored along with collected pressure waveforms which information can then be displayed in graphical or numerical form to a clinician for analysis.
Either the implantable device or an external device may also be programmed to analyze collected blood pressure waveforms, either after averaging or not, and extract features therefrom which can be compared with alarm limit values. For example, peak left atrial pressure or left ventricular pressure values may be extracted and compared with a limit value so that an alarm flag may be set to alert-clinical personnel if the pressure is high. The implantable or external device may also be programmed to calculate a vascular resistance value by dividing a peak pressure value by a corresponding peak flow value. For example, the device may be interfaced to pressure and flow sensors located in the aorta so that division of peak pressure by peak flow represents an estimate of the patient's total peripheral resistance. An implantable or external device may also be programmed to use features extracted from pressure waveforms such as peak pressure or maximum change in pressure dP/dt to automatically adjust pacing parameters such as the AV delay or length of other escape intervals, biventricular offset interval, or rate adaptive pacing parameters. Features extracted from pressure waveforms may also useful for cardiac rhythm discrimination in some instances.
Although the invention has been described in conjunction with the foregoing specific embodiments, many alternatives, variations, and modifications will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Other such alternatives, variations, and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the following appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification||600/485, 600/509, 607/17|
|Cooperative Classification||A61N1/36564, A61B2562/0219, A61B2560/0261, A61B5/1118, A61B5/1116, A61B5/0809, A61B5/0422, A61B5/0215, A61B5/0816, A61B5/02108|
|European Classification||A61N1/365B9, A61B5/0215|
|20 Dec 2004||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: CARDIAC PACEMAKERS, INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VON ARX, JEFFREY A.;CHAVAN, ABHI;REEL/FRAME:015479/0729;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041110 TO 20041116
|1 Jul 2008||CC||Certificate of correction|
|27 Jul 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|12 Aug 2015||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8


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“I’m open and flexible to doing whatever we possibly can to make it work,” Penn State’s coach said Wednesday during a conference call with reporters. “If we don’t make it work, there are going to be major impacts across the board.”
The U.S. has been largely quarantined for nearly two months, but universities might need to begin summoning athletes back to campus within the next 10 weeks if they want to conduct a proper football season.
There are seven games scheduled to kick off Aug. 29 — Penn State’s opener is Sept. 5 against Kent State at Beaver Stadium — but most coaches agree they will need at least six weeks prior to their first game to prepare.
Franklin said he is confident and hopeful that can occur.
“I know how important football is, not just to our football program, but to this university and this community and the businesses and all the people in the state of Pennsylvania,” Franklin said. “I’m confident we’re going to find a way to make this thing work. I’m hopeful that we’re going to find a way to make this thing work, but not at the expense of what’s in the best interest of health and student welfare.”
“I’m a believer in science. I’m a believer in medicine and listening to the experts. Our decisions have to be based on that.
“What are the doctors saying? What can we do to create the best, safest, healthiest environment we possibly can? It’s all about the welfare of our students, but also the fans and everybody. That’s what makes this issue so complicated.”
Possible complication: Another complication might arise if some states are given the go-ahead to fill stadiums while others must wait. Staggered starts within a conference might occur, he said.
“Say, you have eight schools in your conference that all are able to open, and there are one or two that can’t. Are you going to penalize all these schools?” he said.
“Arizona is going to be different than New Jersey. Florida is going to be different than Maryland. I don’t think you’re going to like it.”
Franklin already has notified his staff about one reality: There won’t be time for coaches’ summer vacations.
“If we get back to football, we’ll probably not get vacation time, probably not going to get the normal summer break,” he said.
“At the end of the day, you have to do whatever you can to save this season.”
He added the possible impact on the 2021 season, next year’s recruiting calendar and spring practice is the least of the current concerns.
“If people had to choose between losing this season or losing spring ball, they’d give up spring ball,” he said.
Budget issues: Many colleges are facing difficult budget decisions as a result of the economic impact of covid-19. Franklin said Penn State might be different because its athletic department is “self-sustaining.”
Still, he doesn’t minimize those concerns and is hoping to help with a personal contribution. Franklin said he and his wife, Fumi, are making a gift that will help fund a Penn State scholarship.
“As the football coach at Penn State, you always carry a little bit of that weight on your shoulders because you know the success of football will rise all boats in the athletic department and, obviously, has an impact on the community,” he said.
Staying busy: Meanwhile, Franklin said he keeps himself and his staff busy every day with meetings.
The staff meets (virtually, of course) Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 8 a.m., before breaking up into offensive and defensive gatherings. There are a weekly team meeting and another with parents.
Plus, he said he makes four recruiting calls every night.
He said most of his players can’t wait to return — and not just because they miss the meal plan.
“Some of these guys, their families have other children, and they don’t have a bedroom anymore. They’re sleeping on the couch,” he said. “Five people on Wi-Fi and they don’t have a place to study effectively.
“Ninety percent of our team, when we say, ‘Hey, it’s clear and you’re able to come back,’ they’re going to run back.”
He said he already has had to discourage some players who want to return now.
He added about 10% “aren’t comfortable coming back.”
“And that’s fine.”
Franklin likes to keep a structured schedule, even away from his office, but he wishes he had more and better answers to questions people throw at him.
“As a leader, you’re trying to give everybody the vision and the plan,” he said. “It’s so hard to do that because there is so much uncertainty.”


text:
Gorriti 4290 Bed & Breakfast Reviews
Reviews & Ratings Explained
The rating percentage is calculated from customers who booked within the last 12 months.
All ratings and reviews are based on the feedback and opinions of the customers who submitted them and do not express the opinions of Hostelworld.com. This way, you get an up-to-the-minute opinion of just how good a hostel really is.
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Hernan and his family are wonderful. Good location in old palermo close to restaurants and 15 min walk from subway to downtown. Organized taxi to airport, provided tips for eating and bars and breakfast was great. Definitely recommend, although do bring earplugs as street traffic can be loud
- Novice Nomad
- Couple, 18-24
- (1 review)
The location in terms of situation in the Palermo neighborhood is nice, BUT it is really not anywhere near public transportation. Be prepared to walk a lot or spend more money on taxi rides
Really really enjoyed our stay here. It was our first stop on our 3 week trip and it was a great start and set the bench mark for all our other accomodation. The owner is real nice and helpful went above on beyond for us helped with flights to Iguassu falls and even on to Rio.The owner has a passion for travelling and this shows he enjoys helping others enjoy their travels. stayed in the big double room with on suite it was lovely. Breakfast was delicious would stay here again great location

domain: travel


text:
Total Time: 55 minutes Yield: 8 servings
Level: Easy Cuisine: Southwestern American
Heat oil in 4-quart pot over medium heat. Add onion, garlic and chili powder; saute for 5 minutes. Add green and red peppers; saute 5 minutes. Add zucchini, squash, oregano and ground red pepper; saute for 5 minutes. Add tomatoes; cook 10 minutes. Stir More »
Find easy vegetarian and vegan dinners for eating healthy. Hundreds of
vegetarian recipes with photos and reviews.
From fresh garden salads to hearty stews, and even a mock meat loaf, this
collection of vegetarian recipes will leave you full, happy, and certainly glad you ...
Results 1 - 10 of 3190 ... Check out these healthy and delicious vegetarian recipes from the expert chefs at
Food Network. You will never miss meat again.
Add whatever extra spices and veggies you like, such as some cayenne pepper or chili powder for a spicier veggie burrito. This is a very simple (yet very yummy!) butternut squash recipe
that allows the natural flavors of the squash to shine through. Kids will especial... More »
72 Hearty Vegetarian Recipes Even Meat-Eaters Will Love ... filling meatless
dishes, sides, and snacks are sure to satisfy vegetarians and meat-lovers alike.
Thousands of healthy chef-created vegetarian and vegan recipes from the editors
of Vegetarian Times.
Try our collection of more than 7000 vegetarian recipes plus meatless meals to fit
your vegetarian diet.
Whether you're already a vegetarian or looking to eat more meat-free meals,
these satisfying vegetarian recipes and meatless meals are a delicious way to ...
This is a list of vegetarian recipes. That said, all of the recipes on 101 Cookbooks
are vegetarian, but(!) this section highlights some favorites, along with lots ...

domain: food


BATH, N.Y. (WENY) – Steuben County has announced it will continue its battle with the local opioid epidemic, despite the lack of anticipated funding from the state.
County Manager Jack Wheeler told the county Legislature's Human Services Health Education Committee the state has cut anticipated funds for jail-based opioid treatment by 75 percent, with the remainder of the funds split between a few counties.
Steuben County planned to use the funds as part of its Comprehensive Opioid Prevention Effort (COPE) program, which was announced by District Attorney Brooks Baker and county Sheriff Jim Allard in February.
One key element in the program was expanding counseling and treatment services for inmates at the county jail. The plan was to increase services now provided by a part-time substance abuse counselor with transitional assistance after release in order to help avoid relapse.
Steuben County is one of the few counties in the state now providing even limited in-house treatment for inmates struggling with substance abuse, according to Allard.
The county has been aggressive in its efforts to educate the public about the opioid epidemic by holding numerous forums and presentations, developing tip lines, and trying to combat it through services, interdiction and local laws.
“We’re ahead of the curve of many counties in the state in dealing with this issue,” Wheeler told the committee. “We hoped that would give us an edge, and apparently it did not. So it’s up to us to ramp it up and we will.”


text:
Digital wealth management platform Scalable Capital has raised more than €150 million in a Series E funding round led by Chinese tech conglomerate Tencent.
Existing investors also participated, with the new capital bringing the total raised by the firm to €260 million.
Five years after go-live in February 2016, the company has over a quarter of a million clients and over $5 billion (€4 billion) of client assets on its platform. Platform sales to financial institutions include ING, Barclays Bank, Siemens Private Finance, Snatander digital subsidiary Openbank, Oskar GmbH, and Targobank.
“We see huge demand to invest money in the capital markets instead of leaving it in bank accounts, says Florian Prucker, co-CEO and co-founder of Scalable Capital. “Our clients can access fully managed globally diversified ETF portfolios and - in the same app - self directed trading in shares, ETFs, crypto currencies and funds. We also provide a market-leading offering of ETF, stocks and crypto monthly savings plans. We are planning to launch derivatives trading next."
In addition to its headquarters in Munich and an office in London, Scalable Capital recently opened a location in Berlin to attract more talent to its 230-strong team. ,
“We are also looking for talent to drive our international expansion across Europe. Employees can also work remotely - a flexibility that is highly appreciated and will therefore be maintained”, says co-CEO and co-founder Erik Podzuweit.


text:
Multimode fiber enables control of spatial coherence in Fourier-domain full-field optical coherence tomography for in vivo corneal imaging
Egidijus Auksorius, Dawid Borycki, and Maciej Wojtkowski
Fourier-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (FD-FF-OCT) has recently emerged as a fast alternative to point-scanning confocal OCT in eye imaging. However, when imaging the cornea with FD-FF-OCT, a spatially coherent laser can focus down on the retina to a spot that exceeds the maximum permissible exposure level. Here we demonstrate that a long multimode fiber with a small core can be used to reduce the spatial coherence of the laser and, thus, enable ultrafast in vivo volumetric imaging of the human cornea without causing risk to the retina.
Link to publication

domain: health


text:
Tropical Storm Oswald was hugging the southwestern coast of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia when NASA's Aqua satellite first flew overhead on Jan. 21 at 0430 UTC (Jan. 20 at 11:30 p.m. EST). The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite captured a visible image of the storm that showed tight bands of thunderstorms. Those bands weakened the next day when MODIS captured a second visible image of the storm. At that time, Oswald's eastern quadrant was over land.
These two images of Tropical Storm Oswald show the storm's progression and deterioration over the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. The MODIS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite captured these on Jan. 21 and Jan. 22 as Oswald made landfall.
Credit: NASA Goddard MODIS Rapid Response Team
On Jan. 21 at 0600 UTC (1 a.m. EST), Oswald had maximum sustained winds near 35 knots (40 mph/64.8 kph). Oswald was centered near 15.8 south and 141.2 east, about 90 nautical miles (103.6 miles /166.7 km) east-northeast of Mornington Island, Australia. NASA MODIS imagery on Jan. 22 showed Oswald's center over the southwestern coast of the peninsula while monsoonal flow was bringing thunderstorms and heavy rainfall to the eastern side of the peninsula. Oswald's maximum sustained winds had dropped to 25 knots (28.7 mph/46.3 kph) on Jan. 22.
NASA also captured an infrared image of Tropical Storm Oswald on Jan. 22 at 0329 UTC with the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument that also flies aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. AIRS data revealed cold cloud tops and strong storms associated with Oswald and a nearby monsoonal trough (elongated area of low pressure) stretched from Cairns north to Cooktown, and over Cape Melville and Lakefield National Parks on the eastern Cape York Peninsula.
At 0600 UTC (1 a.m. EST/U.S.) on Jan. 22, Oswald was downgraded to a remnant low pressure area. The center of circulation was located near 5.0 south latitude and 142.3 east longitude, about 185 nautical miles (213 miles/342.6 km) east-northeast of Mornington Island, Australia, and over the Cape York Peninsula. Infrared satellite data at that time showed the strongest storms were located in the northwestern quadrant. An image from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite on Jan. 22 showed that the low-level center was now stretched across the Cape York Peninsula.
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology (ABM) noted at 10 p.m. Cairns local time (7 a.m. EST/U.S.), that ex-tropical Cyclone Oswald was located over eastern Cape York Peninsula approximately 70 km (43.5 miles) east of Cape Flattery. Oswald was moving southeast at 20 kph (12.4 mph). ABM noted that the monsoon trough (elongated area of low pressure) extended from the ex-tropical cyclone to the east coast near Cairns, which contain the storms that NASA's AIRS instrument saw.
ABM forecasts damaging winds, with gusts to 90 kph (56 mph) with showers and thunderstorms across Cape York Peninsula north of Cooktown. Locations which may be affected include Aurukun, Weipa, Torres Strait Islands, Lockhart River, Coen and Cooktown. Heavy rainfall is likely throughout the Peninsula district, coastal parts of the North Tropical Coast and Tablelands district, and coastal parts of the Herbert and Lower Burdekin district north of about Ayr. The heavy rainfall may also lead to flash flooding. For more information: http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/.
Forecasters expect Oswald to linger over the Cape York Peninsula and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center expects Oswald's remnants to continue tracking over land to the southeast.
Climate change weakens Walker circulation
20.10.2017 | MARUM - Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften an der Universität Bremen
Shallow soils promote savannas in South America
20.10.2017 | Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseen
University of Maryland researchers contribute to historic detection of gravitational waves and light created by event
On August 17, 2017, at 12:41:04 UTC, scientists made the first direct observation of a merger between two neutron stars--the dense, collapsed cores that remain...
Seven new papers describe the first-ever detection of light from a gravitational wave source. The event, caused by two neutron stars colliding and merging together, was dubbed GW170817 because it sent ripples through space-time that reached Earth on 2017 August 17. Around the world, hundreds of excited astronomers mobilized quickly and were able to observe the event using numerous telescopes, providing a wealth of new data.
Previous detections of gravitational waves have all involved the merger of two black holes, a feat that won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics earlier this month....
Material defects in end products can quickly result in failures in many areas of industry, and have a massive impact on the safe use of their products. This is why, in the field of quality assurance, intelligent, nondestructive sensor systems play a key role. They allow testing components and parts in a rapid and cost-efficient manner without destroying the actual product or changing its surface. Experts from the Fraunhofer IZFP in Saarbrücken will be presenting two exhibits at the Blechexpo in Stuttgart from 7–10 November 2017 that allow fast, reliable, and automated characterization of materials and detection of defects (Hall 5, Booth 5306).
When quality testing uses time-consuming destructive test methods, it can result in enormous costs due to damaging or destroying the products. And given that...
Using a new cooling technique MPQ scientists succeed at observing collisions in a dense beam of cold and slow dipolar molecules.
How do chemical reactions proceed at extremely low temperatures? The answer requires the investigation of molecular samples that are cold, dense, and slow at...
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, using high precision laser spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen, confirm the surprisingly small value of the proton radius determined from muonic hydrogen.
It was one of the breakthroughs of the year 2010: Laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen resulted in a value for the proton charge radius that was significantly...
17.10.2017 | Event News
10.10.2017 | Event News
10.10.2017 | Event News
20.10.2017 | Information Technology
20.10.2017 | Materials Sciences
20.10.2017 | Interdisciplinary Research

domain: geography


text:
BAFTAs 2023 red carpet live: the best looks of the night
From walking London Fashion Week’s Oxfam catwalk to the BAFTAs 2023 red carpet, here Bergdorf wears custom Dreaming Eli and Christian Louboutin heels.
Catherine Zeta Jones
Everyone is talking about this Tony Ward couture gown and we can see why. It’s truly stunning.
Nominated for the BAFTA EE Rising Star Award tonight, Ackie is rocking the peplum trend that dominated New York Fashion Week. (opens in new tab)
Geri Horner in Halfpenny.
Wallis Day is wearing Lever couture.
Rising Star nominee Sheila Atim in Prada.
Singer Dylan before her performance during the BAFTA award ceremony.
Nominated for Best Actress for her lead role in Till, Danielle Deadwyler wears Armani Privé.
Gugu Mbatha-Raw in Gucci.
In the words of the House of the Dragon star herself, Cooke is “oooh stunning” on the BAFTAs red carpet in all white John Galliano paired with Garrard jewellery.
Nicola Coughlan in a Valentino Haute Couture gown and Messika jewellery.
HoYeon Yung in Louis Vuitton.
Rosie Huntington-Whiteley in Alaia.
Jodie Turner-Smith wears Gucci.
Viola Davis who recently gained EGOT status following her recent Grammy award, (opens in new tab)looks incredible on the BAFTAs red carpet in Stella McCartney.
Julianne Moore in a Saint Laurent dress paired with a Bulgari diamond necklace
Ana de Armas
Nominated for her first ever BAFTA tonight, Ana de Armas wears pink Louis Vuitton.
Gwendoline Christie is sticking with the all black Wednesday theme for the BAFTA red carpet, wearing Giles Deacon.
Emma Thompson wears emerging sustainable designer Laura Pitharas.
Elvis is nominated for Best Film tonight and Butler (AKA Elvis) looks ready to win in Alexander McQueen.
Nominated for the Best Supporting Actress BAFTA tonight for her role in Black Panther Wakanda Forever, Bassett wears Pamella Roland and Boucheron jewellery.
Nominated for Leading Actress for her performance in Everything Everywhere All At Once, Michelle Yeoh wore a Dior couture suit and Moussaieff jewellery.
Prince William and Catherine, Princess of Wales
The Prince and Princess of Wales return to the BAFTAs in style after a three year hiatus. Just in time to see the powerful tribute to the late Queen. (opens in new tab)
Kate Middleton always rewears her outfits (opens in new tab) and for the BAFTA red carpet paired a one shoulder Alexander McQueen dress with Zara earrings. Adding handmade black gloves to match Prince William’s black velvet Tom Ford blazer.
The Don’t Worry Darling star wears Harris Reed, after opening the Harris Reed London Fashion Week show on Thursday with her words of wisdom.
Lashana Lynch (opens in new tab) arrives at the Royal Albert Hall in Fendi.
Cate Blanchett in Maison Margiela and Louis Vuitton jewellery.
Anya Taylor-Joy in Schiaparelli.
Sophie Turner in Louis Vuitton.
Lily James in Tamara Ralph.
Eddie Redmayne and Hannah Bagshawe
Eddie Redmayne and Hannah Bagshawe in Alexander McQueen.
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domain: celebrity


text:
John M. Lynn, Sr. served in the Civil War as a Private, E Company, 12 Regiment, Infantry Jan 1862-1865. In 1890 he lived in Buena Vista, Independence and Sumner, Polk Co., OR. Source: 1890 veterans Schedule, www.ancestry.com.
If you don't have this info I can email it to you.
In 1900 the family was living in Salt Lake, Polk Co., OR.
John M. Lynn, b. OH, Dec 1845, marr 28 yrs, farmer.
Rhoda, wife, b. IN, May 1855, had given birth to nine children but only seven alive in 1900.
Frank, b. MO, Dec. 1877, single, farmer.
Sadie, b. MO, May 1883.
James N., b. MO, Sept 1887, twin.
Charles E., b. MO, Sept 1887, twin.
John M. Lynn, b. OR, June 1890.
William S. Smithson, boarder & farm laborer.
In 1910 most of the family was living in South Dallas, Polk Co.
J. M., b. OH, 65 yrs old, 1st marr 37 yrs, farmer retired.
Rhoda Ann, wife, b. IN, 54, had given birth to nine children but seven alive in 1910.
Sadie, b. MO, 26, single, teacher public school.
James E., b. MO, 22, waiter restaurant.
Charles, b. MO, 22, barber.
John M., b. OR, 19.
I didn't find any other information about Sadie. If you want to pursue that she might have married in Polk Co., there is a volunteer at Random Acts Genealogical Kindness who might do this kind of lookup. Go to www.raogk.org, read instructions, choose Oregon, choose Polk Co. and look for Dick.
In 1920 John Sr., Rhoda and James were living in Dallas, Polk Co.
John Sr., b. OH, 74.
Rhoda, b. IN, 64.
James, b. MO, 32, single, general farmer.
I didn't find John Sr. in the Death INdex but he must have died after the 1920 and before the 1930 Census. I'd ask the RAOGK volunteer.
Rhoda A. Lynn in 1930 was living in Dallas at age 74.
James N. Lynn and his family in 1930 lived in Dallas.
James N., 43.
Katherine, wife, 24.
Janice L., dau, 3.
Charles and his family in 1930 lived in Dallas.
Charles E., 43.
Irene E., wife, 36.
Gladys L., 16.
Charles E., 9.
Lynn C. Vernon, 31.
In 1920 M. John Lynn Jr. and his family lived in Bridgeport, Polk Co., OR.
M. John, 29.
In 1930 John M. Jr. and family were living in Precinct 29, Yamhill Co., OR.
John M., 37.
Grace D., 36.
Sadie R., 13.
Laura L., 8.
All of the following death info is from the OR Death Index 1903-98, www.ancestry.com.
John Morgan Lynn d. Polk Co., 29 Nov 1922 per death cert #147.
Rhoda A., d. Polk Co., 13 Jan 1945.
Frank, d. Coos Co., 15 Sept 1914 per death cert #2443.
Frank d. Marion Co., 1 Aug 1956 per death cert #9406. Don't know which Frank is your Frank.
Charles d. Polk Co. 2 March 1933 per death cert #34, Spouse=Irene.
John M, Jr. Age=78, d. Polk Co., 28 Jan 1965 per death cert #1298, Spouse=Grace.
I'm not related and just love to answer these queries.

domain: history


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text:
The San Bernardino Valley is the largest in the State in which the citrus and other sub-tropical fruits can be successfully raised to a perfect maturity. It is about sixty miles long east and west, with an average width north and south of fifteen miles. Within its boundaries are situated San Bernardino, Old San Bernardino, Colton, Riverside, Lugonia, Redlands, Highlands, Crafton, Ontario, Arlington, San Gorgonio, Rialto, Mentone, Cucamonga, Etiwanda and other flourishing towns and settlements. This beautiful valley embraces not less than 1,500 to 1,800 square miles of land, nearly all of which is arable, needing but the hand of industry to call into fruitful bearing its richness. These lands are of all grades, from the low, damp lands along the streams to the high mesa lands in the foothills. The low lands as well as the damp higher lands which are found in many places, produce all kinds of crops without irrigation. However, each product is found to be more particularly adapted to growth in certain localities, owing to the kind of soil and other peculiarities. In order to understand the advantages of this valley, it is necessary to know something of its formation and peculiar topographical features. On the north is the San Bernardino range of mountains, 5,000 to 7,000 feet high; on the east a low range of clay hills, whose summit is the divide of the San Gorgonio pass; on the south a low range of clay and granite hills and on the west a high mesa, forming the west bank of Lytle creek.
The natural drainage outlet of the valley is at the gap of the Santa Ana River’s egress, in the most southern portion; thus this valley is formed into a large catchments basin for the watershed of a very large area of country, the main drainage channel being the Santa Ana River. The soil of this wonderful valley is mainly a rich, deep loam, largely intermixed with decomposed granite. Some of it is dark, same of a reddish color, growing more and more sandy as it approaches the mountains, while the mesa lands and foothills are of a more gravelly nature. Thus it would seem that the soil is a fill or wash from the surrounding mountains, in which in many places is found a heavy black loam, growing potatoes and apples of excellence unsurpassed anywhere in the world.
The San Bernardino Mountains are a barrier between fertility and sterility; on one side 1,800 square miles of the finest land on earth, on the other 23,000 square miles of desert.
San Bernardino valley produces in great perfection, oranges, lemons, apples, pears, olives, apricots, cherries, prunes, figs, dates, quinces and grapes; vegetables, corn, wheat, oats, barley, etc., grow to perfection in this high valley with its gentle slope to the southward sun. Alfalfa yields six crops per year. Flowers bloom every day in the year.


Stream “Dawsin’s Breek” by Ty Dolla $ign and Jeremih above.
Ty Dolla $ign has finally announced the release date for his next project Beach House 3, and with it he drops 2 new singles. This one, “Dawsin’s Breek”, along with “Message In A Bottle” will be on the next project.
The album drops October 27th, and Ty has been the topic of discussion throughout the entire hip hop realm. This is the third installment of his Beach House series, the first two which put him on the map.
This single debuted on Zane Lowe today, where Ty was also interviewed about his new album. You can stream the radio cut along with Zane Lowe and Ty Dolla’s interview below, and stream the studio version above.


text:
A Gritty New Thriller
From best-selling international crime author David Jackson comes the beginning of a gripping police procedural series set in Liverpool, England. When a woman is disturbed by a persistent raven tapping at her back door, she tries to shoo it away. Which is when the killer strikes. DS Nathan Cody, still bearing the scars of an undercover mission that went horrifyingly wrong, is put on the case. But the police have no leads except the body of the bird - and the victim's missing eyes.

domain: law


created the thread Spray painting bicycle rims
" I'm thinking of spraying my rims completely black, to fit with the overall aesthetic of the bike. Currently the spokes + outer rim is completely black but there's a strip of reflective silver which would be the contact point of the caliper brakes.
If I spray paint that silver strip will it... "
05-25-15, 08:25 PM


text:
|Author||: Bob Dowell|
|File Download||: 160|
|Format||: PDF, EPUB, And Audiobooks|
MULTIPLE USES OF PAPA, TELL US ABOUT THE BIBLE [This Book's Engaging Little Drama Lends Itself to Multiple Uses] Parents and Grandparents Parents and grandparents, this book can serve as an interesting and helpful guide in teaching your teenage children and grandchildren about the Bible. Listen to Papa and his three teenage granddaughters engaged in a lively and instructive dialogue about the Bible. Teenagers Teenagers, this book provides you a Bible guide in the form of an engaging dialogue. Hear the Bible communicated through a lively exchange between Papa and his three teenage granddaughters. Families Families, this book can serve to host quality time together. A parent or grandparent assumes the role of Papa; younger members of the family assume the roles of the teenage characters. This done, the book becomes a playbook, the family becomes a cast of characters reading aloud their lines, and the action becomes an engaging and instructive Bible drama for the whole family to witness and discuss. Church Youth Directors Church youth directors, this book can well serve teenage youth groups, especially when used as a playbook with group members assuming the roles of the book's characters and reading aloud the characters' lines, thereby producing an engaging and instructive Bible drama for group discussion. Youth Camp Counselors Youth camp counselors, this book provides an engaging activity for teenage groups when used as a playbook. Designated members of the group read aloud the characters' lines, thus creating a lively and instructive Bible drama for reflective discussion. Fellowship of Christian Athletes FCA leaders, this book provides a compelling means of enhancing teenage athletes' understanding of the Bible. Whether they read it individually and silently or read it aloud with a group, they vicariously participate in the characters' instructive dialogue in their journey through the Holy Book. Bob Dowell, PhD, is an innovative Christian writer dedicated to counteracting the rising tide of cultural indifference to traditional Biblical values. In the innovative Papa, Tell Us About the Bible, Dr. Bob utilizes dramatic framework to place readers in front-row center seats for purposes of witnessing the lively and engaging dialogue between Papa and his three teenage granddaughters as they journey through the Bible discovering and discussing its eternal truths-essential guides for living a purposeful life."
Download in [Pdf] [Kindle] [Epub] [Audiobook], Book New Releases

domain: library


text:
Isamu Noguchi (1904-1988), “Akari 25N” lamp, Japan, 1960
Steph Simon edition
Mulberry paper from Japan, lacquered steel thread
Gift of Galerie Laffanour/Downtown, 2011
© Les Arts Décoratifs / photo: Jean Tholance
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In 1963, Steph Simon received the exclusive rights to the series Akari (“light”) in Japanese, lights made from paper and metallic thread which Isamu Noguchi began to make in the early 1950s.
The “washi” paper generally handcrafted using mulberry bark, similar to traditional Japanese lanterns and partitions, gives a poetic aspect and diffuses subdued light that the lamp materialises, in this way creating a sculptural piece.

domain: artistic


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Synthetic Bioabsorbable Polymers for Implants (ASTM Special by Chandra Mauli Agrawal, Jack E. Parr, and Steve T. Lin,
By Chandra Mauli Agrawal, Jack E. Parr, and Steve T. Lin, editors
12 papers supply an summary of using synthetics bioabsorbable polymers and handle the most recent matters surrounding their transforming into use together with: new purposes, try out and characterization ideas for uncooked fabrics and units, tissue engineering, efficacy, and long term results. various papers study: simple polymer homes and characterization, tissue engineering suggestions akin to implantation of a porous biodegradable scaffold on the disorder website within the tissue, and use of bioabsorbable polymers as replacements for metal fracture fixation units.
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This result was not significant. 8 (n = 8). Figure 9 : Prostacyclin (PGI2) and Thromboxane (TXA2) secretion by the luminal surfaces of the preclotted and PHO impregnated grafts after one month of implantation. Discussibn The present investigation was undertaken to assess the sterilization, degradation rate and biocompatibility of a bacterial polyester polyhydroxyoctanoate as a potential sealant for the polyester arterial prosthesis. The discussion which follows will examine the various physical and structural changes occurring after the sterilization of PHO, describe the mechanism and rate of degradation of PHO both in vitro and in vivo, and address the biocompatibility of PHO and its potential use for vascular surgery applications.
Our study also suggests the possible contribution of enzymes in the degradation of PHO, albeit to a lesser extent than the hydrolytic process. Enzymes secreted by inflammatory cells such as macrophages and FBGC may participate in the degradation process by isolating fragments of polymer, a phenomenon observed histologically. However, most of the polymer will be submitted to an hydrolytic process characterized by the gradual formation of low molecular fragments at which time, the enzymes may easily be involved as the final contributor to the degradation.
Investigation of the bulk chemistry of PHO revealed that gamma radiation induced a significant reduction of M w and M n, whereas no significant decrease in molecular weight was observed following EO sterilization. This phenomenon has been reported elsewhere with several degradable polymers [8-12]. The DSC results also revealed that the Tm and heat of fusion of the gamma-sterilization were modified after sterilization. The Tm was shown to have slightly decreased, which may be attributed to the decrease in the molecular weight or chain scission.

domain: biology


ALTOONA - A proposed law that would change a small part of Pennsylvania's gaming regulations could make a big difference for some businesses and charities.
The bill already passed the state senate, and was up for debate Wednesday afternoon on the house floor.
Right now, those small games of chance can basically only be sold by non-profit organizations.
The new law would allow commercial bars and taverns to offer patrons the same opportunities.
That could mean very different things to each type of group.
The house made an amendment to the senate bill Tuesday night. It would allow the non-profits to keep 40 percent of their gambling profits as opposed to the 30 percent now.
If that version passes, it has to go back to the senate.
If approved there, it would then go to the governor's desk.
Copyright 2015 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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November 18, 2023
St. Luke's Historic Church & Museum
Programming is on Saturday, November 18, 2023 from 11am to 2pm, in-person event. No extra ticket required.
Normal Hours and Regular Admission Apply
St. Luke’s will celebrate the contributions of our veterans with music, special tours, and a time to give thanks for all those who have served our nation. Join us as we salute those who have protected our freedoms throughout our history. Reenactors will be onsite 9:30am-5pm; ceremonies will be from 11am-2pm.


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Bell Media is a Canadian media corporation that owns and operates 35 local television stations led by CTV, and 27 specialty channels including TSN and RDS, as well as video streaming service Crave, Canada’s exclusive distributor of leading U.S. content providers such as Showtime and HBO. We’ve had a conversation with Mauro Pelo', Senior Manager for TV Transmissions, who has been using Video Transport as a solution to minimize the number of team members in the production control room.
I would describe VT as an easy way to get very high-quality video with almost no latency. It's as simple as that. And for us latency is the main enemy.
On a typical day, during a newscast or TV sports production, there are between seven and nine people working simultaneously in the control room – which is not very spacious, filled with desks and all kinds of broadcast gear. The main attraction is the video wall, which is the key resource for everyone to execute their job correctly and on time.
Along with the technical director, the audio engineer, the VTR and CG operators, and the technical producer, there are four roles that don’t actually operate any of the equipment in the control room. First, there's the producer calling the shots, deciding what’s going to be in the show. Then, there’s the director, who makes decisions about which camera goes on air at a particular time and gives instructions to the camera operators, and is responsible for the viewers’ experience. Next is the assistant director, who provides timings and orchestrates the various talent and staff during the show. Finally, the research team member who monitors the web for news updates, factual data and social media feedback.
When COVID-19 protocols required Bell Media to limit the number of people in the control room, Bell Media engineer Denis Morin and Mauro decided to test Medialooks VT and quickly agreed that this was the right tool to use to make the video wall available remotely as one large multiview feed. This process enabled the producer, director, assistant director, and the researcher to look at exactly the same feeds while outside of the control room, and continue communicating with the rest of the team via an IP intercom.
We are doing three shows over three-and-a-half (3.5) hours each day in this way right now.
Each of the remote users, located within 25 kilometres of Montréal, is receiving the feed via the Video Transport web link, which is very easy to set up and use.
We needed a feed that would go over the public Internet, and with no latency – exactly what your software is very good at! It's like being in the control room. And the fact that the same feed can go to multiple users at the same time is very important for us.
The bandwidth used to deliver the multiview feed is from 3 to 5 Mbps – which is far within the most modest capabilities of plans already deployed at team members’ homes, but still provides consistent quality, even when viewed on large TV sets.
Some of the team said they see the monitor wall better than when they were in the control room.
This change in workflow, having helped the company adapt to the environment in 2020, has also created a new opportunity, suggesting that this may be a valid option for staff who want to save time in traffic and enjoy the flexibility of working from home.


Polyester Shouldn't Be On Your Skin: Here's Why
In general, 99% of all factory-made crap is ruining everything. But this post is only about synthetic fabric, mainly polyester.
Unnatural fabrics like polyester, nylon, acetate, and acrylic possess harmful toxins, which are easily released. Polyester is the most popular of all synthetic materials, which is a type of plastic. It’s human-made, cheap to produce, and 0% natural.
So, if you’re trying to reduce your use of plastic, you need to expand that effort to your wardrobe too. If you're not already convinced, here are a few more reasons why polyester sucks:
It's terrible for your skin
Polyester is a synthetic material that has many toxic chemicals embedded in it, which outgas plastic molecules whenever they are heated. So when you dry synthetic clothes in a clothes dryer, you are outgassing these chemicals into your home and the environment.
Another typical example is when body heat releases these chemicals into the air, and your skin absorbs the chemicals.
It's Uncomfortable And Hot
Polyester is uncomfortable and hot. Because you're essentially wearing a plastic bag, on a hot day, this means your sweat gets trapped between your skin and the fabric, making you even sweatier than should be. Hard pass!
Creates Foul Smells; Enough To Raise The Dead
To add insult to injury, it also holds odors. If you dare sweat in a polyester piece, it’s pretty much ruined. Polyester seems to selectively hold on to all the bad smells of its lifetime in its threads.
It's Bad For The Environment
It is not bio-degradable and will stay in the eco-system until it breaks apart. So basically, every plastic that you've ever bought or thrown away still exists - that includes polyester garments. It is believed that synthetic clothes are the biggest source of microplastic pollution in the oceans because up to 1900 fibers can be washed off one garment every time it is washed.
Conclusion: Check fiber labels before purchasing, not only clothing but bedding, underwear, your children's (and your furry friends)' toys too.
Purchasing polyester is not something we think about often, but it should be. Making slight alterations to your daily habits can leave you and your family healthier, and "fragrant free" for it.


Introducing the all-new Samsung Galaxy Note 9 Smartphone. Complete with a revamped S Pen, this new Samsung smartphone is loaded with great features and is designed for creators. Most notably, the included S Pen gives you unprecedented access. In addition to standard functionality, the S Pen can also function as a shutter button for perfect selfies. The dual aperture camera is also smarter and even lets you know if there are any issues with your photo. The 6.4-inch display of the Note 9 has a thinner bezel than its predecessor. Available with your choice of 128GB or 512GB, you’ll never have to worry about deleting content to free up storage space. In fact, the 512GB version also supports Samsung’s 512GB microSD cards. This means that the device will give you a whopping 1TB of storage. Likewise, the impressive 4000mAh battery offers 20% more battery life than the Note 8. The Galaxy Note 9 will be available from August 24, 2018.


text: What’s the pettiest reason you quit bulgarian mail order bride going out with someone? People have shared all their stories upon Reddit in response to a problem: What was the pettiest reason you broke up with someone? There are plenty of reasons why persons break up with others, a variety of them funny and a few of them awkward. Let’s have a look at some of the most prevalent reasons. You could be surprised to discover you’re not only!

domain: sociology


Legacy? Let’s not get too carried away
When New Zealand bid to host the 2011 Rugby World Cup, we said we planned to expand Eden Park. We’d expand its capacity to 60,000, we said; the cost of the Eden Park upgrade, as we understand now, is up to $385 million.
That was the promise then. Now, the government, city councils and selected others seem intent on throwing about more exquisite, more expensive, and more extravagant venues that have ranged from a floating saucer to the most recent, government-backed waterfront stadium. This, we gather, has estimates of $500 million (including $120 million for the piling and platform which, somehow, was overlooked in the initial estimate).
Why did we ever come so dissatisfied with Eden Park? It has given us faithful, reliable service over some decades—are we really going to tell it now that, all of a sudden, it’s not good enough? The question, Helen Clark says, is “what kind of legacy Auckland really wants from the Rugby World Cup”. Do we want an upgrade on a stadium that carries a long, heartfelt pride with it? Or do we want yet another stadium, just for this event, when we have another stadium that the IRB’s agreed is up to the task, just so that we have some brilliant “legacy” on our waterfront?
Let’s get real, people. This isn’t the Olympics. This isn’t the Football World Cup. This is a sport which, let’s be fair, is still restricted to that unofficial elite group of countries. Paraphrased, it lacks international popularity. Put bluntly, few countries really care about it. But we’re treating the stadium issue as if it’s the last thing New Zealand will ever do on a global scale. As if this is our last chance.
This could very well be our last chance if we continue like this. This indecisiveness is the exact sort of behaviour that will lead the IRB to believe, once again, that we are incapable of hosting this tournament. We asked for a job, we were given it, and all we really need is a stadium that can live up to its purpose.
The prospect of a brand new stadium, when none was promised in our bid, carries all sorts of risks. Initial estimates of legacy venues virtually always inflate; construction projects more often than not fall behind time, especially when they’re on a tight schedule; there are bound to be problems with a waterfront venue that we don’t expect. In short, we risk failing to complete it, and we risk losing hosting rights once again. All this for a legacy venue? I doubt we would have won hosting rights if we had proposed such wishful thinking in our bid.
It doesn’t help that the minister at the helm of this is the same one that led NCEA to its demise. He is exercising exactly the same political tactics as he did with the NCEA: say your thing, and when something doesn’t quite work out, attack. Don’t listen, just attack—blame someone else—anyone else—blame the teachers for not implementing NCEA properly and never mind that they forewarned major problems with it. We saw what happened then. Not only did we see NCEA’s credibility plummet, we also saw Bill English have the time of his life in the shadow education portfolio. Now, Trevor Mallard blames Auckland for not making up its mind, and threatens to move it to Christchurch if they don’t make a call. Yeah, right. As if Christchurch as the infrastructure or capacity to hold the final of an international tournament. If he’d just leave Auckland alone, they’d probably make up their minds faster.
The bottom line is that a stadium must be finished by the time 2011 comes by. We made a promise when we bid for the cup. We proved beyond doubt that we could deliver on that promise. All we have to do is fulfill the promise. Why make extravagant, “legacy” plans when the plan we had before works fine? If a waterfront stadium’s what we really want, we should have proposed it then. But a specially built stadium invading our waterfront for a sport like rugby seems out of proportion to me. The Eden Park upgrade will do.


On Thursday 17 August, a celebration event for John “The man with the pram” Burkhill will take place at Sheffield Winter Garden, hosted by Lord Mayor Cllr Colin Ross.
Lord Mayor of Sheffield to serve another year in office
The Council has decided to postpone its Annual Council meeting until May 2021. Changes to the law mean that the Council does not have to hold an annual meeting this year and the current appointments will remain in place for another year.
Councillor Tony Downing, Lord Mayor of Sheffield, will serve an additional year in office to ensure continuity during the current COVID-19 outbreak. Cllr Downing was initially due to step down on the 20th May after completing a one-year term, he will now remain in office until May 2021. The Deputy Lord Mayor, Councillor Gail Smith, who supports the Lord Mayor in his civic duties, will also stay in her current role.
Lord Mayor Tony Downing said: “Val and I are honoured to continue in our role as Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress for another year, a role we are thoroughly enjoying. It is with great pride that I see that the city is working together with the same spirit of community, resilience and support that has seen us through difficult times in the past. I am constantly amazed by the Steel Spirit shown by the people of Sheffield."
Deputy Lord Mayor, Councillor Gail Smith said: "Since I took office as Deputy Lord Mayor, it has been a privilege to support the Lord and Lady Mayoress in their very busy role. I will continue to do so over the coming year. Our communities are experiencing some big changes in their lives during this pandemic, many things have changed, and some things will never be the same again. We need to continue looking out for each other, and if we do, I know we will all come out of this as stronger individuals, and our communities, and our city, will be all the better for it.”
Other stories you might like
Colin Ross becomes the new Right Worshipful Lord Mayor of Sheffield
Colin Ross has been voted in as the new Right Worshipful Lord Mayor of Sheffield and inaugurated at Sheffield City Council’s Annual General Meeting.
Freedom of the City ceremony for Richard Caborn
Richard Caborn has been awarded the city’s highest honour, Freedom of the City, for dedicating his life to Sheffield and its people.


Miracle Membrane barrier promotes a healthy sleep environment by protecting you from dust mites and other allergens that may lurk in your mattress.
Nordic Chill fabric dissipates heat from the body, creating a cooling effect on your skin for a restful sleep climate. Cools effectively, even through sheets.
Nordic Chill cooling fabric dissipates body heat up to 10 times faster than cotton, creating a cool sleep climate
Please wash and tumble dry the protector before using it for the first time as this softens the product, improves the flexibility and eliminates any packaging odours.
Please do NOT use any bleach, bleach alternatives, non-chlorine bleach or any bleach by-products in the detergent, as this will destroy the polyurethane lining.
The Protector can be washed in hot water.
Please do NOT dry clean.
Please dry together with some other bed linen or towels. The protector can be tumble dried on a medium heat for about 40 minutes (longer if needed - depending on your dryer)
Careful drying will prevent blistering of the lining. If blisters do form from overheating of the dryer, please discontinue using the protector, as these blisters will split open and lead to the protector leaking.
- Do not dry clean
- Do not bleach
- Machine wash hot
- Tumble dry medium
- Wash and tumble dry with other linens
- Best wash before use
We will replace any Protect-A-Bed Mattress Protector which fails due to materials or manufacturing defect for a period of up to 15 years from date of purchase. Proof of purchase required.
(5 Years for pillow protectors)
Carried in nearly 15,000 stores worldwide, Protect-A-Bed is trusted by millions of people to provide a clean, safe and comfortable sleep environment.
Dedicated to providing complete customer satisfaction and Protect-A-Bed’s promise is the assurance we will not compromise on quality and service.
The Miracle Membrane is flexible, silent and thin, while providing effective top surface waterproof mattress protection. Blocks dust mites, allergens, liquids and sweat from penetrating the bed.
We will replace any Protect-A-Bed Mattress Protector which fails due to materials or manufacturing defects during it's guarantee period.


text:
- Academic calendar
- Acts and regulations
- Approvals, credit transfer and exemptions
- Citing sources
- E-learning: Fronter
- Guide to ECTS Course Catalogue
- General practical information
- Information about the University of Agder
- International Education Office
- Exchange students
- Faculties & administration
- Financial support
- Individual education plan
- IT services
- Open bachelor's degree
- Reading- and Group Rooms
- Registration – StudentWeb
- Special needs and health services
- Student Accidents and Deaths
- Student guidance
- Student information services
JUR105-1 Tort Law
Upon successful completion of this course the student should:
- have an overview of and be able to explain important tort concepts and be able to use important tort principles and regulations in a legally tenable way
- be able to show through practical legal problem solving that he / she has acquired basic substantive knowledge of tort law
- be able to apply recognized legal methods to analyse practical current tort issues, including identify, discuss, argue and draw independent conclusions in relation to problem solving
- be able to work in a group with others as a participant who actively contributes to an academic discussion of practical tort issues with theoretical implications
- be able to reflect on tort issues in a legal policy perspective, and compare and correlate Norwegian tort law to tort law at European level
- be able to formulate tort arguments and conclusions
The students should also have acquired:
- thorough knowledge of the topics injury concept, basis of liability, causation and conditions of the injured (including contributory negligence)
- practical useful knowledge and understanding of the topics of calculations, leniency, joint and several liability and recourse, the relationship between compensation and social security and insurance coverage, the decay and obsolescence of the claim, as well as the European influence on Norwegian tort law
The course addresses:
- the key conditions for the non-contractual tort. The emphasis of the course deals with the fundamental condition of the basis for liability, but the course also deals with the two other basic conditions of compensation; causation and recoverable damage
- central rules regarding leniency
- the key Supreme Court decisions who have served as guidelines for the non-statutory rules in tort law
- the key principles for the calculation of injury
- the internationalization of tort law
The teaching methods of this programme are based on the principles of problem-based learning and will include lectures, seminars and an extensive use of group work. In each course students will be divided into groups of about 10 people. Group work will include solving theoretical and practical issues related to the topics discussed in the course. There will be 4-8 written assignments for each course. For handing in and responding to written assignments the students use Fronter, UiA´s learning support system. The students need to fulfill a minimum of 75% participation in the mandatory work requirements.
Students must complete a minimum of 75% participation in the mandatory work requirements. This includes participation in group work, writing and commenting on papers and participation in large groups/seminars. In addition, there will be a requirement of one approved written assignment. Students who fail to fulfill the mandatory work requirements cannot take the exam and will need to retake the course. Further information will be given in Fronter at the start of the semester.
4 hour written examination with graded marks.
First cycle i.e. bachelor level.
Normally second year.
Student Adviser Gro Anita Homme.
The syllabus will be published on the home page of the course when finalised. See link in the upper right hand corner of the page.
Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences


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Aviva is set to launch a subscription-style insurance product, called AvivaPlus, in the UK to give greater choice and flexibility to customers.
The insurance giant said that AvivaPlus has been designed to address the concerns that consumers have with the industry and also to give them more control.
The new insurance product, claimed to be an industry-first, provides simple, flexible insurance cover, monthly payments without the need of an annual percentage rate (APR) or any charges to cancel or change.
Aviva said the new product also gives a renewal price guarantee for home and car insurance.
Considered to be key feature of AvivaPlus, renewal price guarantee aims at fixing price differences between new and existing customers. The insurance major said that the guarantee makes sure that existing customers are given the same or an even better price than an equivalent new customer at their upcoming renewal.
AvivaPlus will be launched over the next few weeks and will be available to new and existing UK customers who purchase directly from Aviva’s website and the company’s online customer portal MyAviva or from contact centers.
Customers will initially get to purchase the AvivaPlus home or car insurance, with three tiers of cover to enable them to select the level and price that suits their requirements.
Aviva said that it is easier for customers to monitor their level of cover and switch between the tiers. Customers, who purchase home and car insurance together, will be benefited from a single renewal date and also a multi-product discount.
The company said that the quote journey with the new product has been simplifed with less number of questions.
Aviva UK Insurance CEO Andy Briggs said: “AvivaPlus is a reinvention of insurance, which has been developed and tested with customers’ needs at the centre, and it’s now starting to roll out alongside our existing products.
“Like subscription services, it’s designed to make it easy for customers to change their cover as often as they want without incurring charges. Importantly, AvivaPlus addresses price disparity, regarded by an overwhelming majority (82%) of consumers as one of the most unfair practices of the insurance industry.”
Last month, the insurance giant signed a deal to buy a majority stake in Neos Ventures, a UK-based home insurance provider.