Maine Chooses Opt-Out for HIE ConsentProposal to Switch to Opt-In Approach Is Dropped
Under the original proposal, introduced by Sen. Roger Katz, R-Augusta, and backed by the Maine Civil Liberties Union, physicians and hospitals would have been required to give patients an opt-in form that they would need to sign to authorize having their electronic health records shared over HealthInfoNet, the statewide HIE (see: Maine Bill Would Require HIE Opt-In).
The revised proposal, which awaits the governor's signature, requires informing patients about the benefits and risks of the HIE and giving them the opportunity to "opt out." Unless they take action to opt out, their information will automatically be accessible via the HIE, which stores certain records in a central data repository.
The state hospital and medical associations joined HealthInfoNet in opposing the original measure, calling it impractical, says Amy Landry, HealthInfoNet's communications director. Other HIEs using the opt-in approach have found that a relatively small percentage of patients take the initiative to sign the form, perhaps because of a lack of awareness of the benefits of health information exchange, she contends. And unless a majority of state residents' records are accessible via the HIE, physicians and hospitals are unlikely to use it because of its limited value, she argues.
Improving AwarenessHealthInfoNet, from its inception, has instructed participating providers to give patients a Notice of Privacy Practices, as required under HIPAA, that also describes that their data may be shared via the HIE and offers the opportunity to opt out. Landry acknowledges that "nobody reads the Notice of Privacy Practices." That's why she says HealthInfoNet backed a provision in the revised legislation that explicitly requires healthcare providers to offer patients a separate form during their first visit that describes the HIE as well as the opportunity to opt out.
The compromise approach in the revised bill addresses concerns "that patients were not aware that they had information in the HIE," Landry contends.
The legislation also prohibits a healthcare provider or insurer from refusing to provide medical assistance or insurance coverage based on a patient's decision not to participate in HealthInfoNet. The bill includes a number of other privacy and security provisions, including requiring the HIE to keep a record of everyone who has accessed records.
Last year, the Privacy and Security Tiger Team, which advises federal regulators, endorsed a "meaningful consent" approach that HIEs should take. It accommodates either the opt-in or opt-out approach, emphasizing educating patients about their privacy rights as well as HIE procedures (see: Patient Consent Guidelines Endorsed). The team's recommendations have not yet been incorporated into a federal rule or regulation. The revised Maine legislation includes provisions that are similar to many of the tiger team's recommendations.
Landry predicts that other statewide and regional HIEs likely will be weighing the patient consent issue in the months ahead and considering Maine's experience. "This isn't the last time you'll see this kind of challenge," she says.
Meanwhile, the Department of Health and Human Services is studying whether to address the issue of patient consent for health information exchange in its rules for the HITECH Act electronic health record incentive program (see: HHS Studying HIE Patient Consent).
To view the revised Maine legislation, visit the legislature website to access LD 1337, but read the "adopted amendments" section.


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Our SABBAT Incense are created using our own recipes and designed to enhance your rituals, spells and altars while celebrating the turing of the wheel!
Our incenses are designed to be burnt on a charcoal tablet place in a fireproof dish of some kind, only a pinch is needed.
Incense is a real game changer when it comes to layering energy during spell craft! Not only does the scent help your own mind and body realise its time for ritual and to leave the mundane behind but the specially chosen herbs, resins and other ingredients add their own layer of energy to the spell work allowing to it completely immerse your circle or working space.
Imbolc is celebrated on February the 2nd and is the festival of the Goddess Brighid. The Goddess moves from Crone to Maiden aspect and we welcome in the new light. A great time for healing!
Created using a mortor and pestle with magickal intent, specially chosen herbs, essential oils and essences.

domain: hobby


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Although more challenging than to do the same in private, inner stillness can be achieved in a public space, despite that familiar self-consciousness which shoulders shame and embarrassment with such ease. Some will practice walking meditation, where the rhythm of the steps can instill a calmness which includes the all that surrounds it, some will ratchet up sweat with running and induce an altered state with endorphins. Some will sit in buses and trains, coolly and compassionately observing as they transport the observing self from one place on the map to another. They are the ones who will see that wherever you go there you are. They are the ones who understand why nothing really changes: because the observing self carries that same bag of assumptions and prejudices everywhere it goes, and allows it to filter all perceptions and thought processes based on those perceptions.
And that is seeing.
And it’s the observing self that I wish to focus in on, because when one achieves stillness in a public space it’s the observing self, the observer consciousness, that remains. The observer consciousness is possibly our most useful tool in coming to clearly see the the carefully constructed illusion of the personality and the rather robotic drama of public life.
Observing the personality, when inner stillness is arrived at, comes from detaching your perceiving intelligence from your actions and reactions. How you move, how you hold yourself, what you chose to say or withhold, how you give and receive glances, how you discern and judge, all these emanate from the familial and societal influences upon your growth from the earliest stages of life. Your discovery of their details will flesh out the basics of Freudian psychology as generally understood, such is its penetration into our culture. But the regular practice of the observer consciousness will reveal ever more subtle layers of the personality’s game playing defense mechanisms, so that eventually one will feel one can see through the entire performance, as though one were watching from the wings.
And this is knowing.
One sees a puppet whose strings are being pulled, by anxieties and fears, vanities and desires. One senses one is not that puppet, – not his emotions, not his thought, not his traits of character; that they are all affectations conditioned by society, overcoats called upon in time of need, and then, when buttoned up and snug, forgotten. Separating oneself from this walking, talking, gesturing player, one knows what one is not, and wonders what one actually is.
Is one a soul cleverly inserted into a form, and then a life, with all its accoutrements, conditions and demands? And if so, why? To experience, learn, digest, transmute? To transcend and then return, renewed, to assist those who still sonambulate in fog?
I would say yes, that is the case, and suggest that the practice of stillness in a public space can lead to such a gratifyingly exalted state.
And that is doing.

domain: psychology


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Earlier in the year I created some custom-designed branding and marketing images for my Meerkat mates. Day of the Meerkat is a band, you see. And as all good bands do, they needed some graphics for stickers, posters, t-shirts, stencils, demo covers, etc. We came up with some great concepts, so now if you see these critters around the inner suburbs of Sydney, you’ll be in the know.
Then, a couple of months ago, on a cold, cold Winter’s night, we all got together once again and remodelled a dingy old back-alley into an inviting, snug, bedroom setting, for a once in a blue-moon photoshoot.
The photo’s I took are now starting to appear in Drum Media promoting their gigs and recent EP release. So keep your eye’s and ears peeled for a sighting.
To check out their music, or to find out when and where you can catch Day of the Meerkat play, check out their My Space

domain: artistic


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The NFL preseason has long been one of the most maligned traditions in professional sports. The games are often terrible, over almost before they start. None of the players that fans love to watch make it onto the field for more than a drive or two—if they play at all.
It can feel like one big disappointment, like eating that certain food you loved as a kid, only to find out that as an adult, your tastes have changed.
Well, in one of those be careful what you wish for situations, for the first time in forever, there will be no NFL preseason this year.
The league first tried cutting it from four games down to two. But this week they made it official. There will be no NFL preseason whatsoever.
The league and the player’s union did not make their negotiations public, but the reasoning goes that players did not feel comfortable returning to the playing field while the virus rages on in much of the country.
It’s a perfectly logical decision, but that doesn’t mean that fans shouldn’t feel at least a little disappointed.
One argument goes that by not playing the preseason, that gives teams and players more time to acclimate to a return to training with an entire team. It gives them more time to make sure that all of the necessary health protocols are in place to limit people getting sick.
One can hope that things might look different in a month, that perhaps the virus’ spread will be lessened.
The pessimist’s argument is that if they can’t figure things out now for the preseason, then it makes it unlikely that they will figure things out in order to play a regular season a month later.
The NFL is not like the NBA, where they can sequester all the teams together in a single place and obviate the need for airplane travel. The volume of personnel makes that option untenable.
Set aside for questions about the regular season for now.
Let’s not look a gift horse in the mouth. People have complained about the preseason forever. Fans are disappointed. Players have long lamented the additional games because they put more wear and tear on their bodies with little return on investment. How many times have we seen a team go 4-0 in the preseason, only to tank when the regular season begins?
The league of course loves the preseason, since it means more television time to sell to advertisers.
Coaching staffs use the preseason as a way to evaluate talent in advance of the final roster cuts. But the last thing they want is for a potential asset to suffer a season-ending injury. They would likely find other ways to decide who makes the cut and who doesn’t.
We don’t know what will happen once the pandemic is over and sports return to normal. But don’t be surprised if the NFL preseason doesn’t return. It could be replaced by two more regular season games. Sure, the players’ union might resist, but if players’ pay went up as a result, they may acquiesce.
So as we lament the loss of so many things that we cherish, let’s also recognize that we may also lose some things we weren’t that happy with anyway.

domain: news


text: In the present study, the clinical efficacy of the immune modulator lentinan combined with inhalation of the corticosteroid budesonide in treating acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) under mechanical ventilation was assessed. A total of 72 cases of AECOPD treated at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital (Shanghai, China) between June 2016 and September 2017 were enrolled. The AECOPD patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=36) and a control group (n=36). All of the patients received ventilator support and endotracheal intubation was performed. The experimental group was orally administered lentinan and budesonide was administered via atomization inhalation through a Y-tube and the control group received only budesonide via Y-tube. After the treatment, airway pressure, the time of mechanical ventilation and the time of stay at the intensive care unit for the experimental group were significantly lower than those for the control group (P<0.001). The plasma levels of adiponectin, D-dimer, interleukin-17 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, as well as the pressure of CO 2 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, the partial O 2 pressure in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.001). After the combined treatment, the proportions of CD3 + and CD4 +T-cells in the blood were elevated, while the proportion of CD8 +T-cells was decreased, compared with those in the experimental group at baseline or the control group post-treatment. In conclusion, the strategy of lentinan treatment combined with budesonide inhalation for AECOPD patients under mechanical ventilation demonstrated improved clinical efficacy compared with budesonide alone. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry no. ChiCTR1800019088).

domain: health


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MIDI Loops - WAV Loops, One-Shots & MIDI Files | Modern Producers
Anything dealing with the bettering of production sounds or learning more information on how to be more efficient at the craft your wanting to share with people. I am in so thank you for the wisdom that you share with the masses.Feb 24, · OTHER PROJECTS (Download link in video description): Or Download in FL Mobile Telegram Channel FL Studio Mobile: Psy Trance in FL Mobile FL Studio Mobile: Back to Electro Freestyle FL Studio Mobile: How to make Interstellar Beat Trap FL Studio Mobile: Feduk & Allj - Rose Wine (Deep House) FL Studio Mobile: Maine Theme Stranger Things FL Studio Mobile. Hits DNA Vol.1 - the top sounds of the moment, rebuilt from scratch in SubLab. Includes s from ScHoolboy Q, 21 Savage, Post Malone and more. Divine Bass - smooth s and deep, dark subs made by YouTube trap production educator, Sean Divine. Crushed - the heaviest distorted basses. Fruity Loops 11 Studio Download from karenchristine.co FL 11 demo is currently available! Get 10% off FL 11 and Image Line Products with this link! and remember you get a lifetime of free updates when you buy the product. Need sounds for Fruity Loops Studio 11? We have over 9, free sounds and loops.
Leave a Reply Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Search for: Search.
The Best Sample Packs of (Free Downloads) – karenchristine.co
Search Search for: Search. Free Music Samples. Introduced by the Roland Corporation in early Please notify the site administrator. Sjay The samples came from a number of places, so I would be cautious on how I use them. Yes, you can download the samples, and load them into Redrum.
Where is the link? Its tellin me i got to be logged in to download but i am.
Bass Sample Pack | LANDR
Need help thanks. Yea, you have to be logged in to download everything. Get the error. I was skeptical at first but this actually worked. This is a good start, for sure. Thanks, broskie!
Fruity Loops Studio 11 | Download Demo Here
How am I actually supposed to transfer these sounds to my software? This Rescued ya boy! Big up Thanks.
Waatup though? Please provide some more.
Drum Kit | karenchristine.co
Thanx a lot. For now lets move on to the list you came here for!Drum Kit | karenchristine.co
The kick drum in particular has a very distinct sound, and when you distort it downlkad an overdrive or some sort of saturation plugin begins to sound like the modern gritty, thick sub bass hits you hear in modern hip-hop and trap records. The TR would go on etudio become one of the most iconic drum machines in the industry and was made popular by artists like Afrika Bambaataa and Marvin Gaye. If you want to know more about making your own soundsyou can check out this video tutorial I made for Black Octopus Sound on creating sub bass in Serum.Instant ! Diamond Loopz proudly presents: ' MIDI Loops' – A future-facing kit with lots of heavy s, cone-shaking basslines and dope rhythms! This pack is an essential new collection which serves up more than all-new WAV Loops, One-Shots and MIDI files for your Trap/Hip Hop productions.‘ Midi Loops’ is % Royalty-Free to use in your songs and . Last visit was: Wed Oct 20, pm. It is currently Wed Oct 20, pm. Video: History of the Roland TR The Roland TR Rhythm Composer (a.k.a. the “”) was one of the first programmable drum machines (“TR” standing for Transistor Rhythm). Introduced by the Roland Corporation in early It was originally manufactured for use as a tool for studio musicians to create demos.
You should match the key that the rest of your song is written in. Keys like C and D are usually a bit low and the sub starts losing power. The above parameters should be adjusted and tweaked while you listen carefully and pay downnload to the changes and how they sound. Just keep practicing and you will improve.


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There is a strategy when you set your wedding date in advance as a Washington Nationals player. There are so many key dates to traverse like the World Series (just in case) in October then there is the G.M. Meetings and then there is the Winter Meetings and the Nats Winterfest. For Trea Turner and his fiancé Kristen Harabedian, they set their date back in 2017 for November 10th for a “grand” wedding in Washington, D.C. at the National Museum of Women in the Arts and is referred to as the “National Museum” which is the perfect venue for the Nationals Trea-sure to be married in a National museum. How special was it that the Florida kids got married in Washington, D.C. which is Trea’s second home during the baseball season and the couple got married while surrounded by family, friends, co-workers (Nationals players), and former teammates.
Yesterday was an absolute fairytale pic.twitter.com/njReILux58
— Kristen Harabedian (@kdharabedian) November 11, 2018
Maybe the most extravagant wedding present was delivered two weeks ago when Trea got the news that he would be designated as a Super Two before his 3rd full year in the Majors which will get him a humongous pay increase projected at $5.3 million for a player who was set to make $600,000 this year. That’s when you make last minute upgrades at the reception from the Korbel champagne to Dom Perignon, Cristal, and Ace of Spades.
A toast to the bride and groom!
Trea Turner makes Super Two by 1 day. That will be one heck of a wedding present for Trea and his fiance but bad news for the #Nats who are cash strapped trying to stay under the salary cap. @mlbtraderumors projects Trea to make $5.3 MM which is $4.7 MM above the MLB minimum. https://t.co/XJ9YIXtRln
— Talk Nats ⚾ (@TalkNats2) October 25, 2018
Many congratulations to the bride and groom and their families!


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A British woman says she inadvertently saved her own life by coughing up an inoperable cancerous tumor.
According to The Daily Mail, Claire Osborne, 37, felt a tickle in her throat on Oct. 11. The next day, she hacked up a 2-centimeter (0.8-inch) lump of tissue that she said looked like "a strip of liver."
She took the specimen to her doctor, and a biopsy revealed it was metastatic adenocarcinoma — an aggressive throat and mouth cancer.
Osborne, who has six children, was initially given a 50-50 chance of survival. "I was devastated. The consultant told me the tissue sample was cancerous and I probably had more tumors in my body," she told the Daily Mail. "They said the cancer was inoperable and I should be prepared for chemotherapy and radiation therapy."
But doctors at University Hospital Coventry were stunned when a PET scan, which can be used to spot tumors in the body, found none. A CT scan also revealed Osborne was cancer-free except for a few cancer cells on the back of her tongue, which were removed in a simple operation.
"The consultant turned round to me and said 'It appears you have coughed up your cancer. Congratulations,'" Osborne said.
Gary Walton, the head and neck surgeon who treated Osborne, said, "It is very uncommon to cough up cancer, but she did it.
"We suspect the tumor grew on a stalk at the back of her mouth which is very difficult to detect. Somehow she dislodged this and the stalk snapped and she coughed up the tumor."


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TONASKET – Faced with looming deadlines and uncertainty from a special legislative session in Olympia, the Tonasket School Board approved a $1.15 million levy that, if passed by voters, will replace the currently expiring maintenance and operations levy. If approved, the levy would provide funding beginning in Jan. 2013.
OLYMPIA – Burn bans expired last Tuesday, Dec. 20 in seven Eastern Washington counties because air quality has improved, according to the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology).
Ecology’s Stage 1 burn bans for Okanogan, Ferry, Chelan, Douglas, Stevens, Kittitas, and Walla Walla counties will expired at 10 a.m. Tuesday.
TONASKET – The Tonasket City Council approved its 2012 budget at its Monday, Dec. 12, meeting,
TONASKET – Tonasket School District administrators reported at the Nov. 28 school board meeting about the district’s progress toward meeting state-mandated proficiency levels that must be achieved by the 2013-2014 school year.
OROVILLE – Oroville will receive a state Transportation Improvement Board (TIB) grant to improve Ironwood Street and portions of Fir with pavement overlays.
TONASKET – The North Valley Hospital District Board of Commissioners couldn’t take action on the proposal, but a redistricting plan met no opposition at a public hearing that led off the Thursday, Dec. 8 board meeting.
OROVILLE – Oroville School District Superintendent Steve Quick is scheduled to speak at the next Oroville Chamber of Commerce meeting today, Thursday, Nov. 8 at Trino’s Restaurant at 1 p.m.
OROVILLE – It was thought the Oroville Elementary building had the roof in most need of repair, but a recent survey of the district’s facilities shows the high school roof is just as bad if not worse.
OROVILLE – Before rushing off to basketball practice, Katie Tietje was sworn in as the student representative to the Oroville School Board at their Monday, Nov. 28 board meeting.
TONASKET – A grieving Tonasket family is finding comfort in a gift of life given in the wake of the accidental drowning of their three-year-old daughter


South Pasadena Tournament of Roses Parade Float
Yesterday, I went to check out progress for the city of South Pasadena’s float entry in the 128th annual Tournament of Roses Parade. You can see my previous report by clicking here for the post. The float site is in and around a tent adjacent to the South Pasadena War Memorial Building at 435 Fair Oaks Avenue. South Pasadena has the oldest self-built float in the parade(and one of only six self-built floats in the parade out of 40 entries this year).
This is an all-volunteer effort by South Pas which is known for its small town appeal despite being approximately six miles from Downtown Los Angeles. This year’s float is entitled “Never Give Up” and is a part of the overall parade theme “Echoes of Success”. As is the custom here, South Pasadena’s entry was chosen as part of a city-wide contest.
There was quite a bit more activity than on my previous visit. Fresh flowers had been delivered and thanks(once again) to Bristol Farms were being kept fresh in refrigerated trailers. According to the organization’s Facebook fan page this year’s entry has about 85% or more of the surface area covered with fresh flowers. The other percentage is comprised of dry decorating(bark and seeds). This means a lot of last minute placement of flowers in vials to
ensure that fresh appearance as hundreds of thousands line the streets and the world(via television) tunes in to watch the float head down Colorado Boulevard.
Are you looking for volunteer opportunities? Click here.
I plan to stop back later to take some additional photos and provide progress reports leading up to parade day.
Remember the Tournament of Roses has a Never on Sunday policy so this year’s parade and Rose Bowl football game will be held on Monday, January 2, 2017.
- Top(Feature Photo) is the front of the float which is a turtle/tortoise.
- Second Photo is the rabbit/hare in a hammock which will be placed between two trees at the rear of the float.
- Third Photo shows some of the flowers that will be used on the float.
Here's to fun times watching the 128th Annual Tournament of Roses Parade. If you have a question regarding South Pasadena real estate contact me at 818.516.4393 cell.
Published: December 27, 2016
South Pasadena Tournament of Roses Parade Float Progress Report


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We have Professional wire mesh fence production line, including spot welding machine, single spot welding machine, auto steel wire mesh welding & shaping machine, and punch machine for fence processing. Our fence products is corrosion-resistance, anti-aging property, acid and alkali resistance, no color fading,
The fiberglass mesh is on the basis of alkali-resistant or C-glass or E-Glass woven fabric, then coated by acrylic acid copolymer liquid. 2. Charcteristic: possesses the properties of good alkaline-resistance, high strength, excellent alkali and acid resistance, good cohesion, excellent in coating etc. 3. Use: wall reinforce

domain: chemistry


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Pirelli Diablo Wets - Brand New and Unused 120/70 R17 Front 190/60 R17 Rear firstname.lastname@example.org
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Pirelli Diablo Rain Tyre in 190/60/R17 Brand new - never been on a rim... Manufactured in February 2018...
Price: £ 125.00


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When will I ever stop drawing this dork?
I realized I don’t color enough at all, so I decided to start practicing.Each one was timed for 10 minutes.I need to do more of these…I really suck at painting…
More ipad sketches
None of the akihikos I draw are consistent…welp
I should really be studying but I’m sitting here sketching on my ipad…..
Nothing but ipad sketches
If I compiled all my sketches into a book, would anyone buy it?


Democrat Vatchara escorted out of House chamber
Democrat MP Vatchara Petchthong was escorted out of the parliamentary chamber on Wednesday, minutes after today's session begun.
The House today continues with the deliberation on the charter amendment.
Vatchara asked for a 30-minute special session for MPs to discuss the sagging rubber prices, but House Speaker Somsak Kiatsuranont denied. His second motion was also denied.
As Vatchara further shouted his demand for a document, Somsak told police officers to escort him out of the chamber.


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> Audi Sport clinch fourth Manufacturers’ Championship
> Drivers’ champions Ledogar and Pier Guidi seal Ferrari’s first IGTC crown
> SunEnergy1’s Habul/Konrad/Grenier win IGTC Pro-Am Challenge title
> Result: 2021 Joburg Kyalami 9 Hour
AKKA ASP Team Mercedes-AMG have won the 2021 Joburg Kyalami 9 Hour while Audi Sport and Ferrari’s Come Ledogar and Alessandro Pier Guidi wrapped up the Intercontinental GT Challenge Powered by Pirelli Manufacturers’ and Drivers’ titles, respectively, in South Africa today.
The car shared by Timur Boguslavskiy, Jules Gounon and Raffaele Marciello started from pole, set fastest lap and enjoyed a largely serene nine hours in which it remained the de facto race leader throughout despite AF Corse - Francorchamps Motors’ early alternative strategy moving their cars ahead after the first round of pitstops.
It was the retirement of their #71 entry with a gearbox issue after three-and-a-half hours that handed Audi Sport the Manufacturers’ crown before mid-distance, their existing advantage over Ferrari now too great for one car to bridge.
But while one Prancing Horse fell by the wayside, the other – also driven by Miguel Molina – ultimately delivered Ferrari’s first IGTC title by finishing second overall. That was one place ahead of Audi Sport Team Sainteloc’s Patric Niederhauser and Markus Winkelhock who missed out on the Drivers’ crown by one position and five points. They shared the final step of the podium with home favourite Kelvin van der Linde.
Further back, SunEnergy1 Racing’s Kenny Habul, Martin Konrad and Mikael Grenier survived a holed radiator to clinch IGTC’s Pro-Am Challenge title with Mercedes-AMG.
A RACE TO SAVOUR FOR ALL THREE MANUFACTURERS
Mercedes-AMG’s first IGTC win since the Suzuka 10 Hours in 2018, the same season Audi won its last title, and Ferrari’s maiden IGTC crown meant this was a race all three manufacturers will look back on with fond memories.
What’s more, yesterday’s heavy rain only briefly threatened a race that, save for a few spots early on, remained dry throughout.
Marciello initially converted AKKA ASP’s pole position into a 10s lead by the end of the opening stint, but it wasn’t the Mercedes-AMG that emerged ahead. Instead, it was the two Ferraris of Antonio Fuoco and Molina who ran one-two after AF Corse opted to re-set their cars’ stint lengths by driving through the pitlane without taking fuel or tyres.
The 488s ran another nine laps before stopping out of sequence, at which point Boguslavskiy reassumed AKKA ASP’s place at the head of the field.
AF Corse’s strategy might ultimately have proven successful without separate issues restricting both cars. First, #51 was hit with a drive-through penalty for track limits infringements just before its second re-set, negating any advantage it might have gained in the pits, before Nicklas Nielsen – who was moved across to #71 to double Ferrari’s title chances – ground to a halt with a gearbox issue while running third.
That came shortly after the race’s only Safety Car period bunched the pack and prompted a flurry of pitstops. This time it was AKKA ASP who favoured a re-set over fuel and tyres, which left the car out of sequence until the penultimate stops.
The restart also featured a critical pass in the title battle when Pier Guidi relieved Mattia Drudi’s Team WRT Audi of second place, which moved the Italian and Ledogar into the provisional championship lead at Christopher Haase’s expense.
In truth, neither title hunting Audi could match the Ferrari’s pace thereafter. Instead, and with one of the Ferrari’s demise securing the marque its fourth IGTC crown, Sainteloc and WRT’s entries duked it out for the final step on the podium.
Ahead, the alternative strategies saw AKKA ASP and AF Corse swap places during each other’s pitstops. But it was the pace of Marciello in particular, who set fastest lap after fastest lap as dusk began to fall, who tipped the race in Mercedes-AMG’s favour. 15s separated the two cars when their strategies converged in the eighth hour, and although it ebbed and flowed a little thereafter Gounon ultimately ran out a comfortable winner by 15.6s.
Haase’s late spin denied WRT a place on the podium after the German had just overtaken Niederhauser who – along with Winkelhock – finished third on the road and second in the final drivers’ standings.
Sainteloc’s Silver Cup entry shared by Lucas Legeret, Simon Gachet and Nicolas Baert overcame a persistent restart issue in the pits to complete the top-five, while High Class Racing’s Thierry Vermeulen, Michael Markussen and Mark Patterson won the event’s Pro-Am class.
Class rivals SunEnergy1 showed flashes of speed, especially in the hands of Grenier who completed the opening stint in fourth place and also set fastest lap at one point, but they were ultimately restricted to seventh overall by a holed radiator. Nevertheless, the team’s efforts to replace the unit helped the crew that also includes Habul and Konrad to win IGTC’s Pro-Am Challenge title.
They were followed home by the leading local entry, Stradale Motorsport’s Lamborghini of Arnold Neveling, Michael Van Rooyen and Charl Arangies. The latter’s impressive opening stint, in which he climbed from 12th to seventh, won many admirers before a power steering issue necessitated time in the garage.
Stradale Into Africa’s Xolile Letlaka, Tschops Sipuka and Phillip Kekana made history by becoming the first all-black African crew to not only contest but also finish the Joburg Kyalami 9 Hour, while Scuderia Scribante’s Silvio Scribante won the national class race that ended after the opening hour.

domain: sports


text:
Blend food additive is a mixture, including two or more food ingredients. According to the <General Rules of Blend Food Additive> (National Standard of Food Safety), issued by the Minister of Health on July 6, 2011, blend food additive is made to improve food quality and convenient for food process. Blend food additive is made, in a physical way, by mixed two or more food additives together (Whether adding supplementary ingredients or not is according to the needs).
Blend food additive is including kinds as below: blend nutrition enhancer, blend preservatives
, blend antioxidant, blend perfume, blend thickener, blend gelling agent, blend emulsifier, blend sweetener, blend acidity regulator, blend leavening agent, blend coagulator, blend quality improvement agent, blend color-protecting agent, blend defoamer, etc.
Basic Principle of Blend Food Additive
We should abide the basic principle when using blend food additives. Each food additive which is used to make blend additives must meet with the regulation of GB2760-2011 and the Minister of Health, and is of common application. The factory should reduce the adding weight once they have got an anticipated result . There is a ban to produce with chemical action and develop new chemical material, so that blend food additive is not harmful to human health. In order to ensure the safety of blend food additives, the content of heavy metals should be limited with specific requirement, as arsenic or lead content is not more than 2.0mg/kg.


Linden Monitor® 17 Series Tub and Shower with In2ition® Two-in-One Shower
This is a great shower system. I did remove the flow restriction valve in the shower head so both shower heads had enough water to work well. I am very happy with the product. ~J~
September 29, 2014
We bought it as part of our new bathroom. It is beautiful and the features are very convenient.
July 18, 2014
Linden 17 Series Tub and Shower With In2ition Two-in-One Shower
This fully coordinated Trim Package with Tub Spout, Integrated Fixed Shower Head and Hand Shower ( In2ition ) is classy looking, highly functional and is very cost effective.
In the past I had to purchase a separate Hand held shower and discard the fixed shower head and the attachment method usually involved drilling more holes in new tile work. The integrated fix and hand shower is a great solution.
November 14, 2014
Can't Recommend, Don't Make It Anymore
I purchased two of these units for shower/baths in my new home. I liked the versatility of having a wand and a larger shower head, this combined the two. One unit, as I discovered later, was installed improperly by the plumber and, as a result, leaked. After a year of trying to stop the leak myself, I contacted Delta. I was amazed at how helpful and efficient they were. They did not just replace the part that was damaged, a small plastic washer, but sent me by FedX a completely new shower head. All this in just a few days. Can't beat Delta for service. I have used their products in several homes I have remodeled or built. I would recommend this unit, however; it has been discontinued.
November 16, 2013
I like the feature of being able to use the hand held alone.
The color is not a true brushed nickel. It is too dark. I feel the hand held part of the shower will eventually fall out.
December 21, 2012


Buildings energy consumption is growing gradually and put away around 40% of total energy use. Predicting heating and cooling loads of a building in the initial phase of the design to find out optimal solutions amongst different designs is very important, as ell as in the operating phase after the building has been finished for efficient energy. In this study, an artificial neural network model was designed and developed for predicting heating and cooling loads of a building based on a dataset for building energy performance. The main factors for input variables are: relative compactness, roof area, overall height, surface area, glazing are a, wall area, glazing area distribution of a building, orientation, and the output variables: heating and cooling loads of the building. The dataset used for training are the data published in the literature for various 768 residential buildings. The model was trained and validated, most important factors affecting heating load and cooling load are identified, and the accuracy for the validation was 99.60%.


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Here’s an old family recipe, created out of the necessity of eating only vegetables. As it so happens, it turns out to be, and I am actually understating this here, unbelievably good. Our vegetables play well together.
Create your own version out of whatever you have, but this is ours. Using what you got is the secret to good food. Quantities are based on how much you have.
1 Vidalia Onion, diced
Sweet Corn, cut from the cob
Salt and Pepper
Except for the seasoning, ingredients are cooked in that order. This is truly a dish of high summer, when all these things are in season at once. I now mill my tomatoes in a food mill, so the okra seeds get to be the star. The kicker is when all this is cooked, add:
Wide Egg Noodles
The extra starch does some magical something or other, and adds a little who knows what. Wait, that’s called flavor. Ideally, serve with a hot piece of:
We’re talking a real melting pot here, Southern Cucina Povera. We freeze some for the winter, and days when you think it will never be warm again. Freeze it without the noodles, and add those only when you cook it. This soup is the boss, the mac daddy, and the kiss my butt on twentieth street shut your mouth cheap talk at the table stopper. That last one is something of a Birmingham thing.

domain: food


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Disclaimer: The following article mentions the topic of suicide or other sensitive subjects, which may trigger negative thoughts and feelings for those currently suffering or still recovering from a mental or mood disorder. Reader discretion is advised.
Postpartum depression is a thief of so many wonderful things about a new baby–the coos, snuggles, and that fresh baby smell. When I think back on the months after the birth of my second child, I feel a sting of pain. The memories that should have been so sweet and innocent are overshadowed by the darkness that consumed my mind. Postpartum depression flipped my world upside down and changed everything. A struggle so personal begs to be tucked away and kept my own, however, the story is not my own. It belongs to all women who ever have or will fight their way through postpartum depression or anxiety. Together, we can end a stigma that keeps the heartache of mental illness shameful and secret.
One afternoon, weeks after the birth of my daughter, I sat on my bed just staring at the wall. My newborn cooed peacefully in her bassinet, but I felt nothing. I felt that there could be no light or joy, and that all I had been and ever would be was nothing. My mind was so sick it was impossible to feel the love and light from those around me. It was a sickness that ran so deep I truly believed my family would be better off without me. I didn’t deserve them, and they didn’t deserve a “broken” wife and mother. As I imagined my children’s lives without me, I believed they would be grateful I wasn’t a part of it.
Shortly thereafter, I stood and stared at a bottle of pills in my shaking hands. All the pain and struggle in my life seemed insurmountable. Yet somewhere deep inside me there must have been some small glimmer of hope. It was as if God reached down to hold me in that moment and offer me an embrace of love. The bottle fell from my hand, and I fell to my knees. I didn’t know how and I didn’t know why, but I would live.
I decided in that moment that I would fight. I would fight for the woman I was, even though I barely remembered her. Slowly, over the weeks and months ahead, I found the courage to enlist the help of those around me. My husband took time off work, my mom flew in, and friends took turns cooking meals and tending my children. I ran, I prayed, I confided in loved ones, and wrote in my journal when the words were too hard to speak. It was humbling, and by far the most difficult experience of my life. There wasn’t a moment when things suddenly got easier, but one day I caught a glance of myself in the mirror and the light was back in my eyes. I wasn’t the woman I had been before, but instead a stronger, more compassionate version of my old self. When I looked in the mirror, I saw a warrior.


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Find providers and contact information
Showing 1-10 of 28 results
Mjåland Camping is a new family and fishing camp site in a beautiful setting on the banks of river Mandalselva with plenty of room for caravans, campervans and tents.
Some of the older buildings in Marnardal are exceptionally attractive. In Skjævesland you will find Skjæveslandtunet, consisting of a number of beaut...
In 1795, a new church was built in Øyslebø on the site of the old long church. The altarpiece and pulpit are from the original church, and have been da...
The church dates from 1826. The altarpiece was painted by the famous artist Olaf Isaachsen from Mandal. Outside there is a monument to Major Arne Lauda...
It is known that there was a church on this site as early as in 1429. The current church building dates from 1793....
Rafting on the River Mandalselva is suitable for all the family.
Rose-painted house from the 1880s. Beside Route 455 by Bjellandsheimen in Bjelland. Guided tours by appointment with Elisabeth Haaland....
BjellandWednesday 08 Jul 2015 to Saturday 11 Jul 2015
The museum has a wonderful location at Høgtun Kultursenter in the village of Øyslebø.

domain: geography


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Bollywood film producer Parag Sanghvi was arrested by Mumbai Police’s Economic Offences Wing (EOW) on Monday. The arrest was made in connection with a fraud case. A Mumbai Police official has informed that the court has sent Sanghvi to the custody of EOW till December 25. More details on the case are awaited.
Parag Sanghvi has produced films like Partner, Bhoot Returns and The Attacks of 26/11. He is the CEO of Alumbra Entertainment & Lotus Film company. He is also the former M.D. of media company K. Sera Sera (now called KSS Limited), known for financing and distributing films.
Parag had co-produced the 2007 Hindi comedy film ‘Partner’ along with Sohail Khan. The film stars Salman Khan, Govinda, Lara Dutta and Katrina Kaif.

domain: celebrity


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The New York Times‘ legal team has sent a pretty fiery response to the threat of a lawsuit from Donald Trump over their big exposé on women alleging he groped them.
Two women spoke to the Times in a piece out last night and described in vivid detail Trump inappropriately touching them years ago. Trump was fuming and threatened a lawsuit, as well as demanding an immediate retraction.
Well, the Times‘ legal team hit back with this observation:
“The essence of a libel claim, of course, is the protection of one’s reputation. Mr. Trump has bragged about his non-consensual sexual touching of women. He has bragged about intruding on beauty pageant contestants in their dressing rooms… Nothing in our article has had the slightest effect on the reputation than Mr. Trump, through his own words and actions, has already created for himself.”
You can read the whole thing here:
NYT's legal team responds to Trump. pic.twitter.com/Zvrx2hm93l
— Matt Pearce (@mattdpearce) October 13, 2016
[image via screengrab, Shutterstock]
Have a tip we should know? firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: politics


text:
13 - 14 December 2000
Russia, medaglie in bronzo (9), 55mm.-85mm., XIX-XX sec., BB (9)
Contact Client Service
New York +1 212 636 2000
London +44 (0)20 7839 9060
Asia +852 2760 1766
Lot consigned for sale by a "private" vendor.
Buyer's net premium (17.5% or 13%)
20% of the buyer's net premium - (VAT)
refundable if the exportation of the purchase is documented within 3 months of the sale date.
Not applicable for VAT registered buyers who are resident in the EU
3% of the hammer price
Christie's Hong Kong Spring Auctions sale series brings together masterworks across Chinese works of art and paintings, Asian 20th-century and contemporary art and jewels, watches, wine and handbags
Specialist Joy McCall answers key questions for collectors of the glassmaker’s exquisite pieces. Illustrated with lots offered in the Lalique sale on 15 May


text:
Promark SPYR Very Soft Marimba Mallets - Product Information
The Promark SPYR Very Soft Marimba Mallets are perfect for lower octaves of the instrument offering a mellow attack. A slightly thicker shaft than traditional marimba mallets offers improved balance and feel. These are great for rolls and soft textures while still offering a full projection.
The Promark SPYR Series uses a proprietary wrapping technique to offer a mallet line that delivers consistency, durability, great tone and projection in every mallet. Consistency like this creates a mallet perfect for high school or college level directors looking to outfit their sections with quality implements for any situation.
Videos and Sound Clips
No multimedia for this product.


text:
Macau casino gross gaming revenue (GGR) for January is likely to contract year-on-year by “low- to mid-60s of percent”. The estimate is by brokerage Sanford C. Bernstein Ltd, in a Monday note, after assessing Macau operators’ trading performance in the first 10 days of January, based on “channel checks” within the industry.
The institution said accumulated GGR for that 10-day period was circa MOP2.85 billion (about US$357 million). That meant an average daily rate of MOP285 million, down by 68 percent year-on-year, but representing a 13 percent sequential increase compared to December 2020.
The brokerage judged that up to Sunday, VIP volumes were down “mid-70s of percent year-on-year”, with “slightly-higher-than-normal win rate”; while mass-market GGR was estimated to be down by the “low 60s of percent year-on-year”.
“Our currently-published estimates for 2021 GGR [are for] approximately 80 percent of 2019 GGR,” added analysts Vitaly Umansky, Tianjiao Yu and Kelsey Zhu.
But they noted this forecast was “likely to be reduced, as normal travel will be pushed further back in 2021,” with Macau casino GGR “nearly back to 2019 levels” by the year 2022.
On Friday, a senior official representing the health authority in mainland China’s Guangdong, called on the public in the province of more than 100 million people, to spend their February Chinese New Year break within its boundaries, as a precaution against the risk of spreading Covid-19.
Visitors from Guangdong province made up nearly 60 percent of Macau’s mainland Chinese visitors for the first 11 months of 2020, according to latest data available from Macau’s Statistics and Census Service.
China’s State Council has designated February 11 to 17 inclusive as the Chinese New Year holiday period for 2021. The week-long break – linked annually to the lunar calendar and also known as the spring “Golden Week” – is typically a busy period for Macau’s casino resorts and the city’s tourism trade.
Oct 05, 2022Deutsche Bank Securities Inc expects the year-on-year rate of decline in the fourth quarter for Macau’s casino gross gaming revenue (GGR) to moderate to 24.8 percent, at the equivalent of just...
Oct 01, 2022
”With Star Vegas back to operation since 18 June 2022, we believe that Donaco will recover its performance and prevail during this pandemic”
Chairman of casino operator Donaco International


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The illusion of checks and balances
The website history.com has a list of some of the most important “checks and balances” put in place by the United States Constitution. Here are some of them and how they are not real checks, they’re flawed and easily bypassed by malicious peers that manage to enter the network.
The president (head of the executive branch) serves as commander in chief of the military forces, but Congress (legislative branch) appropriates funds for the military and votes to declare war.
As it has happened multiple times, the United States has engaged in many undeclared wars -- and many other military encounters that don’t get enough media coverage and weren’t even formally acknowledged by the Congress.
Congress has the power of the purse, as it controls the money used to fund any executive actions.
There’s a separate power called Federal Reserve which is more-or-less under the influence of the executive branch that is controlled by a single man and has the power of creating unlimited money. It was softly abused by the executive branch since its creation, but since 2008 it has been increasingly having its scope expanded from just influencing the banking sector to also directly using its money to buy all sorts of things and influence all sorts of markets and other actors.
Veto power. Once Congress has passed a bill, the president has the power to veto that bill. In turn, Congress can override a regular presidential veto by a two-thirds vote of both houses.
If you imagine that both the executive and the legislative are 100% dedicated to go against each other the president could veto all bills, but then the legislative could enact them all anyway. Congress has the absolute power here (which can be justified by fact that the congress itself is split into multiple voters, but still this “veto” rule seems more like a gimmick to obscure the process than any actual check).
The Supreme Court and other federal courts (judicial branch) can declare laws or presidential actions unconstitutional, in a process known as judicial review.
This rule gives absolute power to the Supreme Court over any matter. It can use their own personal judgement to veto any bill, cancel any action by the executive, reinterpret any existing law in any manner. There’s no check against bad interpretations or judgements, so any absurd thing must be accepted. This should be obvious, and yet the entire system which most people believe to be “checked” is actually dependent on the good will and sanity of the judicial branch.
In turn, the president checks the judiciary through the power of appointment, which can be used to change the direction of the federal courts
If the president and congress are being attacked by the judicial power, this isn’t of much help as its effects are very long term. On the other hand, a president can single-handedly and arbitrarily use this rule to slowly poison the judicial system such that will turn malicious for the rest of the system after some time.
By passing amendments to the Constitution, Congress can effectively check the decisions of the Supreme Court.
What is written in the Constitution can be easily ignored or misread by the members of the Supreme Court without any way for these interpretations to be checked or reverted. Basically the Supreme Court has absolute power over all things if we consider this.
Congress (considered the branch of government closest to the people) can impeach both members of the executive and judicial branches.
Again (like in the presidential veto rule), this gives the congress unlimited power. There are no checks here – except of course the fact that the congress is composed by multiple different voting heads of which a majority has to agree for the congress to do anything, which is the only thing preventing overabuse of this rule.
As shown above, most rules that compose the “checks and balances” system can be abused and if given enough time they will. They aren’t real checks.
Ultimately, the stability and decency of arelies on the majority rule (so congress votes are never concentrated in dictatorial measures) and the common sense of the powerful people (president and judges).
There probably hasn’t been a single year in any democracy in which one of these powers didn’t abused or violated one of the rules, but still in most cases the overall system stays in place because of the general culture, splitted views about most issues, overall common sense and fear of public shame.
The checks and balances system itself is an illusion. All the complex “democracy” construct depends on the goodwill of all the participants and have only worked so far (when it did) by miracle and by the power of human cooperation and love.

domain: law


text:
Led by Huawei, Chinese manufacturers are driving growth in a mature market in which sales of Samsung and Apple have plateaued. Could they also be driving innovation?Bala Murali Krishna Investigates.
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, the world’s single most popular high-end phone. Apple’s iconic device created an all-new industry and has so far fuelled sales of over seven billion smartphones. But things are beginning to take a turn.
This year, analysts expect another 1.5 billion smartphones to be shipped, rising to a likely peak of over 2 billion in 2019. But growth has significantly slowed, especially in the richer countries. In the most mature markets, such as the United States and Western Europe, smartphone penetration has reached near saturation. Some countries – Germany and France, for example – even reported 10% decline in sales in the last quarter of 2016. In the first quarter of 2017, sales of Samsung and Apple smartphones were near flat at 79 million and 52 million respectively, with both giants losing market share.
In this environment, growth is being sustained by Chinese players. A clutch of global Chinese manufacturers led by Huawei (pronounced ‘Wah-Way’) is clocking up growth rates of over 20%. Huawei, the biggest Chinese brand, grew nearly 22%. Vivo grew 23.6% and Oppo by nearly 30%. Together, the Chinese makers account for a quarter of the world’s smartphone sales, and half of China’s sales.
Price, unsurprisingly perhaps, is at the heart of the growth of China-made devices, notably across Europe and Asia. But many manufacturers today combine low prices with great build quality and features. Take Huawei’s newest P10 Plus, which sports a 5.5” screen. A variant with 128 GB memory and 6GB RAM retails for €799 (£703). A comparable device from Apple, the iPhone 7 Plus, would cost nearly 30% more at €1029. Price differentials are even higher with other smaller Chinese brands. With over half a dozen global Chinese brands – such as ZTE, OnePlus, iPhone-clone Xiaomi and Huawei’s own low-cost brand Honor – flooding European markets, notably those in high-growth eastern Europe, buyers may never have had it so good.
“The consumer is the ultimate winner as the white heat of competition tends to drive across-the-board improvements in quality of products and associated services,” says Peter Richardson, Research Director for Tech Strategies at Counterpoint Research.
For years, analysts have predicted Chinese ascendancy in the smartphone arena. Gartner, for example, made the call in its traditional annual forecasts in 2014. Still, a key difference exists between what was tipped and what has come to bear on the market. Back then, most saw Chinese manufacturers as me-too players, bringing to market cheap knock-offs, not truly innovative products. That perception, notably, arose from Xiaomi, whose early phones were clones of the iPhone. But today, many other Chinese brands, and certainly Huawei, have erased such views and are increasingly being seen as genuine innovators.


The Australian telco industry is in a frenzy of bids, counter bids and fast raids as medium level companies try to buy themselves a place at the table and be the next big player.
The latest move is a blocking tactic by TPG Telecom against the $650 million takeover of Amcom by Vocus which would have created the third largest telco after Telstra and Optus.
TPG raided the Amcom share register overnight, gaining a further 10% stake to add to its holdings of about 8.6%.
Market analysts say TPG picked up the 10%, via Macquarie Capital, at a premium of about 2% to yesterday’s close of $2.70.
In a statement to the market, TPG says it intends to vote its shares against Vocus taking over Amcom.
“TPG supports the continued operation of Amcom as a standalone business under the stewardship of the current board of directors and management team,” the TPG statement said. TPG has no intention to make counter takeover proposal.
In an unconnected telco play, TPG itself is facing headwinds in a $1.4 billion bid to buy iiNet which would give it enough additional broadband customers to put it in second place behind Telstra.
Challenging TPG is the the M2 Group which is offering a $1.6 billion share swap, no cash proposal.
The iiNet board is considering the new M2 bid and is expected to give it the green light.
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AllTrials – WHO calls for all clinical trial results to be published
peter.suber's bookmarks 2015-04-16
"The World Health Organisation (WHO) made it unambiguously clear today that researchers have an ethical imperative to make results from all clinical trials – including past trials – publicly available. Its Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trials Results: says results from clinical trials should be publicly reported within 12 months of the trial’s end, calls for results from previously unpublished trials to be made publicly available, and calls on organisations and governments to implement measures to achieve this. This is a strong statement from the WHO. It has been welcomed by patients, doctors and researchers worldwide. The best available evidence shows that around half of all the clinical trials that have ever been carried out have never reported results. This means that doctors, patients and medical regulators cannot make informed decisions about which treatments are best. It means that hundreds of thousands of patients have volunteered to take part in clinical trials where results have been kept hidden. It means that information about the medicines we use every day is at risk of being lost forever. Congratulations to the hundreds of people and organisations who wrote to the WHO to set out in their own words why the WHO should call for old information to be made available. Today’s great news only came about because of you. Please share this news on Twitter and Facebook and with your friends, family and colleagues ..."
From feeds:Open Access Tracking Project (OATP) » peter.suber's bookmarks
Open Access Tracking Project (OATP) » email@example.com


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Print version ISSN 1678-5878
J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. & Eng. vol.34 no.3 Rio de Janeiro July/Sept. 2012
Vapor chamber heat sink with hollow fins
Vanessa MichelsI; Fernando H. MilanezII; Marcia B. H. MantelliIII
IFederal University of Santa Catarina, Mechanical Engineering Department, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, email@example.com
IIFederal University of Santa Catarina, Energy Engineering Department, 88900-000 Araranguá, SC, Brazil, firstname.lastname@example.org
IIIFederal University of Santa Catarina, Mechanical Engineering Department, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, email@example.com
A new vapor chamber heat sink with maximum fin efficiency is presented. The fins are hollow, so the vapor generated at the base flows up to the top of the fins. As a result, the heat sink is practically isothermal. A prototype of the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sink was built and tested. The prototype presented 20% less overall thermal resistance than conventional pin fin heat sinks with the same mass and volume. A theoretical model for the heat sink thermal resistance was developed and the agreement between the model and the experimental data is fair.
Keywords: vapor chamber, heat sink, hollow fins
= area, m2
|dfin||= fin diameter, m|
|h||= convection heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2K)|
|q||= sink heat transfer rate, W|
|R||= thermal resistance, K/W|
|t||= plate thickness, m|
|T||= temperature, ºC|
|a||= relative to air|
|amb||= relative to ambient|
|b||= relative to boiling|
|b1||= relative to boiling on the source area|
|b2||= relative to boiling outside the source area|
|cond||= relative to condensation|
|conv||= relative to convection|
|m||= relative to material|
|s||= relative to spreading|
|v||= relative to vapor|
|w||= relative to tube wall|
The ever-increasing heat flux levels produced by electronic devices have led to the search for more efficient and smaller heat sinks. The performance of traditional air-cooled heat sink approach, i.e., a solid base plate with attached fins, requires thermal gradients to appear. That is because they are based on thermal conduction of solids. On the other hand, the vapor chamber heat sink approach is based on phase-change heat transfer, which requires smaller thermal gradients. The smaller the thermal gradients inside the heat sink, the smaller the overall thermal resistance of the heat sink.
There are innumerous woks in the literature dealing with the modeling and optimization of traditional heat sinks, like Culham et al. (2001), Khan et al. (2003), Muzychka (2003). The typical geometry of a conventional heat sink is shown in Fig. 1. The base plate spreads the heat from the electronic device to a larger area, where the fins are attached. The heat is then eliminated to the ambient air through the fins. The back surface of the base plate, which is not in contact with the fins, can be generally considered adiabatic. The heat sink overall thermal resistance is defined as:
where Tsource and Tamb are the heat source and the ambient temperatures, respectively, and q is the heat transfer rate through the sink. It can be divided in three parts:
Muzychka et al. (2003) presents the analytical solution developed by Yovanovich and co-workers for the spreading resistance Rs of the base-plate. The base material resistance Rm corresponds to one-dimensional heat conduction through a slab of finite thickness and area and is well known from classical heat transfer books (Incropera and De Witt, 1992). The thermal resistance of the fins Rfins is also known from the classical heat transfer literature. This resistance takes into account both the conduction inside the fin and the film resistance, i.e., the resistance associated to the convection heat transfer between the fins surface and the air. According to Culham et al. (2001), who studied the influence of material properties and spreading resistance in the thermal design of plate fin heat sinks, the film resistance can be as high as 80-90% of the overall thermal resistance of the heat sink. Khan et al. (2003) studied the role of fin geometry in heat sink performance. They employed an entropy generation method to show that the circular shape is the most suitable for fins, especially at relatively low air velocities.
Another heat sink approach, the vapor chamber approach, has been developed in the last two decades (Koito et al., 2003; Mochizuki, 2006 and 2008). The main difference between the vapor chamber heat sink and the conventional one is inside the base plate, which is hollow in the vapor chamber concept. Inside the vapor chamber there is a small amount of saturated working fluid. Heat coming from the heat source vaporizes the liquid, and the vapor spreads evenly on the entire chamber surface internal walls, where it condenses and returns by gravity to the evaporation section. Therefore, the vapor flow acts as heat spreader, replacing the conduction of the conventional heat sink base plate. The advantage of using vapor chamber as heat spreader is that the temperature gradients in the base plate are smaller than in the solid base plate concept, which in turn translates into a smaller spreading resistance Rs in Eq. (2). Mochizuki et al. (2008) presents a review of the designs employed over the last years for personal computer cooling. The vapor chamber concept presents the lowest overall thermal resistance among all the concepts implemented so far. Koito et al. (2003) verified that the use of a vapor chamber leads to a more uniform temperature distribution in the heat sink.
The main disadvantage of the vapor chamber heat spreader is the gravitational orientation. The heat source must be located at the lower part of the chamber, where the liquid accumulates. In order to minimize this problem, porous media, such as fine mesh screens or sintered metal powder layers have been applied to wet the evaporation section. Mochizuki et al. (2006) tested both porous media and concluded that a combination of sintered copper powder over the heat source with 200 mesh screen over the remaining area yielded the best result. The metal screen offers less friction for the return of the condensate to the evaporation area while the sintered powder over the evaporation area itself helps keeping it wet for larger heat fluxes. Despite not eliminating the problem completely, the use of porous media allows the vapor chamber to operate in non-horizontal orientations.
Vapor Chamber with Hollow Fins
The conception being proposed here is to use hollow fins instead of conventional solid fins. The fin void communicates with the vapor chamber of the base plate. Figure 2 shows a schematic of the concept. The working fluid vaporized at the base can reach the top of the fins. As a result, the fins are virtually isothermal. The fins operate in a manner similar to the condensers of two-phase thermosyphons. In fact, the hollow fin heat sink is a type of two-phase thermosyphon, which is in turn a type of heat pipe. In the classical heat pipe, the condensate returns to the evaporator zone through capillary forces of a porous structure, like small sintered metal particles or metal mesh layers. In the two-phase thermosyphon, the liquid returns by means of gravity only. In the hollow fin heat sink, the fluid condensation film moves by gravity toward the main base chamber and then, like a regular vapor chamber, it spreads over the heating area by means of a porous structure.
Two-phase thermosyphons and heat pipes have been developed by the authors in the last decades for a large variety applications, like heat exchangers (Molz et al., 2004), cooking ovens (Milanez and Mantelli, 2006a) and industrial heaters (Milanez and Mantelli, 2006b; Angelo et al., 2007). The main advantage of two-phase heat transfer devices, like the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sink, is the surface temperature uniformity. Recalling the definition of fin efficiency (Incropera and De Will, 1992), i.e., the heat transfer rate of the actual fin divided the heat transfer rate of an isothermal fin at the fin base temperature, one concludes that the hollow fin has virtually 100% efficiency. That means the fins resistance Rfins is negligible and consequently the heat sink overall resistance (Eq. (2)) becomes smaller.
The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that the hollow fin vapor chamber approach leads to a smaller overall heat sink thermal resistance than the conventional heat sink approach. A prototype was built and tested. Also, a theoretical model for the thermal resistance of the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sink is developed and compared with the obtained data. The results are also compared against theoretical predictions from the literature for the conventional heat sink approach.
Figure 3 shows pictures of the main parts of the prototype of the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sink. It was made of thin copper plates and tubes. The tubes (hollow fins) are soldered to the top chamber plate (Fig. 3.b) in a staggered arrangement. Six 160-mesh size brass screens were spot-welded on the lower chamber plate (Fig. 3.a) as porous media. After appropriate cleaning, the upper and lower chamber plates were bolted together through a flange. A rubber gasket between the upper and lower plates provided appropriate sealing. After assembly, the flange was thermally insulated so it did not participate in the heat transfer. The heat sink base dimensions are 130 x 135 x 9 mm, excluding the flange. The 77 fins were made of 9.53 mm external diameter copper tubes with 0.39 mm wall thickness and are 63 mm high.
The chamber was evacuated and charged with the working fluid (distilled water) through a small copper tube inserted and soldered on the chamber lateral wall (Fig. 3.a). The back side of the lower plate was also insulated. It is convenient to mention that the manufacturing procedure employed here is suitable only for laboratory tests. For industrial scale production, a more appropriate procedure should be developed.
During the tests, the prototype was air cooled by a 2.88 W electronics fan placed on the top of the fins. The heat sink temperature distribution was measured through 38 K-type thermocouples. The heat source was a 45 x 45 mm copper block with cartridge heaters inserted. The power input tested ranged from 25 to 250 W. Five working fluids filling ratios were tested, ranging from 15 to 60% of the base chamber volume. Even for the smallest filling ratio tested, there was more than enough liquid to saturate the 6 screens layers welded to the chamber base.
For every power input tested, the heat sink overall thermal resistance Roverall was computed through Eq. (1). Also, the heat sink thermal resistance Rsink was computed as:
where Tfin is the fin external surface temperature.
The sink resistance defined above does not take into account the film resistance, i.e., it is related to the heat transfer occurring inside the heat sink. The fins temperature Tfin was calculated as the average of the readings of 22 thermocouples spread over the fins external surface. During the tests, approximately 95% of the thermocouple readings spread within a 2ºC range. As the uncertainty of the thermocouple temperature measurements are ±0.8ºC, one concludes that the fins are practically isothermal. The uncertainty of thermal resistance measurements range between 5 and 10%, depending on the heat power dissipated.
The total thermal resistance of the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sink is analyzed using the equivalent thermal resistance network model shown in Fig. 2. The Rb1 thermal resistance is related to the boiling heat transfer taking place right above the heat source, while Rb2 is related to the boiling taking place outside the heat source area, and Rs is the spreading resistance of the chamber wall. As the chamber wall is relatively thin and large (1.65 x 130 mm), Rs is large and has little impact on the total thermal resistance of the network. Therefore, it is assumed that the only heat transfer from the heat source is by boiling, taking place right above the heat source area. The thermal resistance across the chamber thin copper wall is also neglected. The same is valid for Rw, the fins wall conduction resistance shown in Fig. 2. Therefore, the overall and the heat sink thermal resistance are reduced, respectively, to:
The condensation thermal resistance and the boiling thermal resistance are obtained, respectively, from:
The boiling heat transfer coefficient hb is obtained from literature correlations. Carey (1995) presents several correlations obtained from experimental data for the heat transfer coefficient in pool boiling. The presence of the wick on the vapor chamber base creates difficulties for the vapor bubbles to depart from the hot vapor chamber wall. Therefore, correlations based on pool boiling are perhaps not ideal, but are employed here anyway given the lack of specific correlations for the case under study.
The condensation heat transfer coefficient hcond is also obtained from literature correlations. As the condenser of the heat sink is composed of several hollow fins that are identical to the condenser of a two-phase thermosyphon, the correlations from Kaminaga et al. (1997) and Groll and Rosler (1992), which were developed for two-phase thermosyphons, were employed here. However, a preliminary sensibility study developed by the authors showed that the condensation resistance Rcond in Eq. (5) represents only 3% of the sink resistance Rsink and is neglected here. This is due to the condensation area being much larger than the boiling area and also the condensation heat transfer coefficient being larger than the boiling coefficient. Therefore, Rcond = 0, and the boiling resistance controls the heat sink thermal resistance, i.e.:
Figure 4 presents both the measured and the predicted values of the heat sink thermal resistance as a function of the power output of the heat source. As already mentioned, the prototype was tested with five different levels of filling ratio. As one can see, the filling ratio affects the heat sink thermal resistance, calculated from Eq. (3). The largest thermal resistance values were obtained for the filling ratios of 15% and 20%. The results suggest that there is no working fluid enough in these tests, at least over the heat source. The other filling ratio data sets (25%, 35% and 60%) present considerably lower thermal resistances. For these three filling ratio data sets, the thermal resistance initially decreases with the heat source output, which is due to the increase of the internal heat transfer coefficients, specially boiling. The larger the heat source power, the more intense is the vapor mass flow and hence the convection in the liquid pool. Above 150 W, however, the thermal resistance starts increasing with the heat transfer rate, which is an indication of dry-out. Under these conditions, the wick is not able to drive the condensate back over the heat source efficiently. The 25% filling ratio was the best for the prototype tested because it yielded the lowest thermal resistance, which is in the range of 0.12ºC/W to 0.20ºC/W. The smallest measured value of the thermal resistance, 0.12ºC/W, was obtained under 150 W of heat transfer rate.
The theoretical prediction given by Eq. (8) is also presented in the same graph. Four different correlations, available in Carey (1995), for the boiling heat transfer coefficient hb were used. As one can see, there are considerable differences among the theoretical values of the heat sink thermal resistance when different correlations for the boiling heat transfer coefficient are used in Eq. (8), especially for low heat transfer rate. The correlation of Forster and Zuber, presented by Carey (1995) yielded the best comparison with the 25% filling ratio data set, especially for heat transfer rates below 100 W. Above this value, the occurrence of dry-out makes the data trend to depart from the model. Therefore, at the optimum filling ratio, which is 25% for the prototype tested, the model with the correlation of Forster and Zuber for the boiling heat transfer coefficient predicts the thermal resistance fairly well until the occurrence of dry-out, which for the prototype tested occurred at approximately 100 W.
Comparison with Conventional Heat Sinks
A theoretical analysis was developed in order to assess the advantages of the vapor chamber heat sink over the conventional approach. The objective is to compare the thermal resistances of the experimental prototype and of a conventional heat sink. In order to obtain a proper comparison, the conventional heat sink has the same external dimensions (135 x 130 x 72 mm) and the same mass as the prototype tested. Also, the fins of the hypothetic conventional heat sink has the same fin external geometry, i.e., cylindrical. However, the fin diameter and the base thickness of the conventional heat sink must be smaller than the hollow fin vapor chamber prototype in order to keep the mass of the two systems equal. While the prototype weights 1.01 kg, a conventional heat sink made of copper with exactly the same base thickness and fin diameter as the experimental prototype would weight approximately 4.5 kg.
Table 1 presents the thermal resistances of several conventional heat sinks with the same mass and external dimensions as the hollow fin vapor chamber prototype tested. Several configurations with different base plate thicknesses t and fin diameter dfin are shown. The spreading resistance Rs was computed with the analytical model presented by Muzychka et al. (2003). The fins resistance Rfins, the fin efficiency ηfin and the material resistance Rm of the base plate were computed from analytical models available in Incropera and de Witt (1992). In this analysis, the convection heat transfer coefficient is hconv = 50 W/m2ºC. This value is the average of the values encountered in the experiments. The lowest overall thermal resistance of the conventional heat sink is approximately 0.38ºC/W. For the best filling ratio tested, i.e. 25%, the experimental data range between 0.26ºC/W and 0.34ºC/W. Therefore, the overall thermal resistance of the prototype is in average 20% smaller than the resistance of the best conventional heat sink with the same weight and occupying the same volume.
If one subtracts the external convection thermal resistance, defined as (hconv.Afilm)-1, where Afilm is the total external surface area of the fins and the base plate, one gets an approximation for the resistance associated to conduction heat transfer in both the base plate (spreading) and the fins (fin equation). This resistance, related to the thermal gradients of conduction heat transfer, is 0.13ºC/W for the best conventional heat sink. This resistance can be compared to the sink thermal resistance values presented previously in Fig. 4. As shown in this graph, the measured sink thermal resistance ranges from 0.12ºC/W to 0.20ºC/W for the best filling ratio. It means that the thermal resistance of the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sink is in average 20% larger than the best conventional heat sink. However, at the optimum heat transfer rate, the resistance of the vapor chamber is still 8% smaller than the pure conduction counterpart. These results show that the dominant resistance in the vapor chamber concept, the boiling resistance, is too large. As mentioned previously, the boiling resistance responds to 97% of the sink resistance. It is believed that the porous media employed, i.e. 150 mesh copper wire screens, is blocking the vapor bubbles on the evaporation surface. As already mentioned, the literature shows that layers of sintered copper powder are the most adequate porous media for vapor chambers. However, it was not available in the present study.
The 20% less overall thermal resistance of the vapor chamber heat sink with respect to the conventional approach shows the importance of the film resistance outside the heat sink. As the fins are hollow, the external heat transfer area is much larger. According to Culham et al. (2001), the film resistance is the largest part of the overall thermal resistance of a conventional heat sink. Actually, in the present experimental work, it represents approximately 70% of the heat sink overall thermal resistance. Therefore, the larger fin external surface area of the hollow fin concept leads to a decrease in the overall thermal resistance when compared to the conventional approach.
Table 2 presents the thermal resistances of the conventional heat sink with the same fin diameter and base plate thickness as the prototype tested, which weights approximately 4.5 kg. As one can see, the overall thermal resistance is below 0.17ºC/W, which means the sink resistance is 0.08ºC/W. This conventional heat sink has better thermal performance than the prototype tested; however, it weighs 4.5 times more than the hollow fin vapor chamber prototype. The excess weight could pose both economical and dynamic problems.
It should be mentioned that the prototype mass could be further reduced by selecting a smaller wall thickness. During the prototype manufacturing, the wall thickness used was the smallest available commercially from stock pipes. In general, a more detailed manufacturing process development should be undertaken prior to industrial application of the concept.
It should be also mentioned that the comparisons with conventional heat sinks presented here are either based on same volume and mass, or on same volume and geometry as the prototype. However, there is no guarantee that the selected geometry is the optimum. For example, lower thermal resistances can be found for smaller heat sinks in detriment of increase in drag due to fluid flow around the fins. This could be true for both the conventional and the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sinks. A study similar to the one conducted by Khan et al. (2003), based on the minimization of entropy generation rate could be employed here. Also, further studies are necessary to better understand the boiling heat transfer inside the vapor chamber.
Summary and Conclusions
A new heat sink concept based on two-phase heat transfer inside a hollow fin vapor chamber was presented and analyzed here. A prototype was built and tested. The results showed that the measured sink thermal resistance depends on the working fluid filling ratio. For the prototype tested, 25% of the base chamber proved to be the optimum level. The optimum working fluid level may also depend on geometry. The heat sink thermal resistance also depends on the heat transfer rate. The resistance initially decreases with the heat transfer rate due to the increase of the boiling heat transfer coefficient. It reaches a minimum and then increases continuously due to dry-out.
The boiling heat transfer presents the largest thermal resistance of the heat sink, above 97% for the prototype tested. The proposed model predicts the data fairly well for the optimum filling ratio provided there is no dry-out. A theoretical analysis shows that, in optimum conditions, the boiling resistance inside the prototype is only slightly smaller than the resistance associated to pure conduction of the conventional heat sink with the same mass and volume. The advantage of the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sink is due to the larger external heat transfer surface area when compared to the conventional heat sink. For the prototype tested, the obtained overall thermal resistance is approximately 20% smaller than in the conventional heat sink. This is because the film resistance represents 70% of the overall thermal resistance of the heat sink.
When compared with a conventional heat sink with the same mass and identical external geometry, the hollow fin vapor chamber prototype presented larger overall sink thermal resistances. However, the conventional heat sink present 4.5 times more mass, which could present economical and dynamic problems.
Further work is needed to enhance the boiling heat transfer inside the heat sink in order to make it competitive to the conventional heat sink. The fine wire screens wick structure seems not to be adequate. Thin layers of sintered copper powder have been reported to be adequate in the literature.
The thermal characterization made here was not made on an optimized heat sink. The prototype parts were made from more easily available stock tubes and sheets, while the manufacturing process employed is not adequate for scale production. The conventional heat sinks employed here are not optimized either. Based on a better understanding of boiling, which is the dominant heat transfer mode inside the vapor chamber, an optimization study similar to the ones encountered in the literature could be employed to assess the advantages of the hollow fin vapor chamber heat sink under a specific application.
Molz, M., Mantelli, M. B. H., Milanez, F.H. and Landa, H.G., 2004, "Transient Modeling of a Closed Two-Phase Thermosyphon for Heat Exchanger Applications", 13th International Heat Pipe Conference, Shanghai. [ Links ]
Milanez, F.H. and Mantelli, M.B.H., 2006a, "Thermal characteristics of a thermosyphon heated enclosure", International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 45, pp. 504-510. [ Links ]
Milanez, F.H. and Mantelli, M.B.H., 2006b, "A Loop Thermosyphon for Asphalt Tank Heating", International Heat Pipe Symposium, 2006, Kumamoto. [ Links ]
Angelo, W., Milanez F.H. and Mantelli, M.B.H., 2007, "Design of a Heater for Natural Gas Stations Assisted by Two-Phase Loop Thermosyphon", 14th International Heat Pipe Conference, Florianopolis. [ Links ]
Carey, V.P., 1995, "Liquid-Vapor Phase Change Phenomena", Taylor & Francis, Washington. [ Links ]
Culham, J.R., Khan, W., Yovanovich, M.M., 2001, "The Influence of Material Properties and Spreading Resistance in the Thermal Design of Plate Fin Heat Sinks", paper number NHTC2001-20019, Proceedings of the ASME 35th National Heat Transfer Conference. [ Links ]
Groll, M. and Rosler, S., 1992, "Operation Principles and Performance of Heat Pipes and Closed Two-Phase Thermosyphons", Journal of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics, 17, pp. 91-151. [ Links ]
Incropera, F.P. e de Witt, D.P., 1992, "Fundamentos de Transferência de Calor e de Massa", 3ª. Edição, Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 65-68. [ Links ]
Kaminaga, F., Hashimoto, H., Goto, K. and Matsumura, K., 1997, "Heat Transfer Characteristics of Evaporation and Condensation in a Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon", Proceedings of the International Heat Pipe Conference Stuttgart, pp. 1-6. [ Links ]
Khan, W., Culham, J.R., Yovanovich, M.M., 2003, "The Role of Fin Geometry in Heat Sink Performance", paper number IPACK2003-35014, Proceedings of the International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition, Maui, Hawaii. [ Links ]
Koito, Y., Motomatsu, K., Imura, H., Mochizuki M. and Saito Y., 2003, "Fundamental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Heat Sinks with a Vapor Chamber", Proceedings of the 7th International Heat Pipe Symposium, Jeju, Korea, pp. 247-251. [ Links ]
Mochizuki, M., Mashiko, K., Saito, Y., Nguyen, T., Wu, X. P., Nguyen, T. and Wuttijumnong, V., 2008, "Thermal Management in High Performance Computers by Use of Heat Pipes and Vapor Chambers", Keynote Lecture, Proceedings of the 9th International Heat Pipe Symposium, Malaysia, pp. 39-48. [ Links ]
Mochizuki, M., Nguyen, T., Saito, Y., Horiuchi, Y., Mashiko, K., Sataphan, T. and Kawahara, Y., 2006, "Latest Vapor Chamber Technology for Computer", Proceedings of the 8th International Heat Pipe Symposium, Kumamoto, Japan, pp. 349-353. [ Links ]
Muzychka, Y.S., Culham, J.R., Yovanovich, M.M., 2003, "Thermal Spreading Resistance of Eccentric Heat Sources on Rectangular Flux Channels", Journal of Electronic Packaging, 125, pp. 178-185. [ Links ]
Paper received 9 August 2010
Paper accepted 28 February 2012
Technical Editor: Horácio Vielmo


Electricity plays an important role in the future energy framework around the world. The foreseen high penetration of renewable energy resources and electric vehicles (EV) will change the way of understanding and operating power systems. Consequently, significant investment in network infrastructure needs to be made in order to cope with this tremendous change in an efficient and effective manner. Long-run incremental cost (LRIC) pricing method is recognized as an economically efficient approach for pricing network charges, which provides forward-looking information for future investment cost. LRIC evaluation is usually conducted on the basis that demand is passive and uncontrollable. The impact of demand flexibility on LRIC has not been comprehensively studied. In this paper, the effect of dynamic electricity tariff and flexible demand on LRIC and network investment decisions is deeply analyzed and discussed. A modified test system (RBTS) illustrates the proposed method.
2012 Ieee Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012
Educational institutions; Electricity; Investments; Load management; Power system dynamics; Pricing
Main Research Area:
2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012


Pretoria is the most expensive city in South Africa, according to Numbeo’s 2020 city index.
Data group Numbeo have published their Cost of Living indices for 2020, listing the cheapest and most expensive cities to live in South Africa.
The index compares the cost of living relative to the following reference cities: New York City which have an index score of 100 (100%).
The index looks at the relative costs across several categories, including rent, the cost of food, transport and entertainment.
The index also takes the local purchasing power into account.
“Cities in Africa are all in the bottom half of the list, with the most expensive ranked city being Pretoria in South Africa,” Numbeo said.
South African cities were found to be the most expensive cities in Africa, with Pretoria topping the list.
Johannesburg was ranked second most expensive city in South Africa (256th). Cape Town ranked third on the Numbeo ranking (262nd) while Durban was ranked fourth most expensive in Africa (295th).
The indices is based on user-submitted data, and only feature cities where a statistically representative number of submissions are available.
1. Pretoria, South Africa
Pretoria is the administrative capital of South Africa.
The city is the traditional centre of government and commerce. Many banks, businesses, large corporations, shops, shopping centres, and other businesses are situated in the city centre so it’s no surprise that the city is the most expensive in South Africa.
2. Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg informally known as Jozi or Joburg, is the largest city in South Africa and the wealthiest city in Africa. It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa.
The city has the second highest cost of living of any city in South Africa.
3. Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town is the legislative capital of South Africa. Commonly known as the Mother City, it is the largest city of the Western Cape province. It forms part of the City of Cape Town.
The city is one of the most multicultural cities in the world, reflecting its role as a major destination for immigrants and expatriates to South Africa.
In 2019, Cape Town was named the best city on earth by Telegraph Travel Awards.
4. Durban, South Africa
Durban is the third most populous city in South Africa—after Johannesburg and Cape Town —and the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal.
It has the highest number of dollar millionaires added per year of any South African city with the number having increased 200 percent between 2000 and 2014.


text:
The psyche cannot be treated with the scalpel, but - and this is quite a lot - successful aesthetic surgery can give the patient that kind of self-assurance, which is nearly always linked with an enhancement of quality of life, success in one’s career or social acceptance.
The correct indication and a realistic expectation by the patient who needs to be prepared appropriately by receiving detailed information are the indispensable preconditions for a successful operation.
We are pleading for aesthetic surgery with perceptiveness, which is oriented towards the overall personality of the patient as well as keeping in mind what is technically feasible. Surgery at all costs cannot be the target of treatment.
Our performance range covers the entire field of aesthetic surgery. We carry out operations according to state-of-the-art international standards.
The head of this private hospital is specialised in surgery and plastic surgery and has many years of experience in the field of aesthetic surgery. Our operation theatre has been planned according to most modern aspects. It is equipped with appropriate air-condition and maintenance of ambient quality. The rooms are quiet and sunny and each has a bathroom and toilet of its own.

domain: medical


At SIGGRAPH 2017 AMD revealed the new Radeon Pro SSG and Radeon Pro WX 9100, both of which are based on the Vega architecture and feature HBM2 memory. The Radeon Pro WX 9100 is designed for video and design workloads. The GPU features 12.3 TFLOPs of computing performance 16GB of HBM2 and the new High Bandwidth Cache Controller.
The AMD Radeon Pro WX 9100 is capable of handling 8K/60Hz as well as 4K 120Hz. The GPU can support up to 6 displays. AMD showed off 4 Radeon Pro WX 9100 GPUs working in CrossFire and it was interesting to note that two 1250W PSUs were needed in order to power the system.
A single one of these GPUs cost $2199, all in all, we are looking at $8796 worth of GPUs alone. You will be able to buy one starting September this year so stay tuned for more information regarding where and when you can buy these graphics cards.
On the gaming side of things, we have got reports that Asus is working on a dual Vega GPU that could provide double the performance of the AMD Vega 64. Take this with a grain of salt as this information has not been confirmed by AMD or Asus.
We rise to the cooling challenge with a combination of brains and brawn that provides excellent performance when you need it and silence when you don’t. It all starts with MaxContact, an industry-leading heat spreader machined to tighter tolerances than conventional counterparts.
If you are a content creator and are looking for a GPU for your work then this is something worth looking into.
Let us know what you think about the Radeon Pro WX 9100 and whether or not you are interested in buying one of these GPUs.


Parking at FYF
Parking immediately adjacent to the festival site is limited and costly. The most convenient access to FYF Fest is to park near a Metro Gold Line station and take the train towards the Chinatown Station, which drops fans off at the doorstep of our venue.
Please CLICK HERE to view some of the available parking near the festival site.
Please Note: Spring St. will be closed to automobile traffic east of College St. and the Chinatown Station.