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The influence of the type and design of the anesthesia record on ASA physical status scores in surgical patients: paper records vs. electronic anesthesia records
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making volume 16, Article number: 29 (2016)
The American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification (ASA PS) of surgical patients is a standard element of the preoperative assessment. In early 2013, the Department of Anesthesia was notified that the distribution of ASA PS scores for sampled patients at the University of Iowa had recently begun to deviate from national comparison data. This change appeared to coincide with the transition from paper records to a new electronic Anesthesia Information Management System (AIMS). We hypothesized that the design of the AIMS was unintentionally influencing how providers assigned ASA PS values.
Primary analyses were based on 12-month blocks of data from paper records and AIMS. For the purpose of analysis, ASA PS was dichotomized to ASA PS 1 and 2 vs. ASA PS >2. To ensure that changes in ASA PS were not due to “real” changes in our patient mix, we examined other relevant covariates (e.g. age, weight, case distribution across surgical services, emergency vs. elective surgeries etc.).
There was a 6.1 % (95 % CI: 5.1–7.1 %) absolute increase in the fraction of ASA PS 1&2 classifications after the transition from paper (54.9 %) to AIMS (61.0 %); p < 0.001. The AIMS was then modified to make ASA PS entry clearer (e.g. clearly highlighting ASA PS on the main anesthesia record). Following the modifications, the AS PS 1&2 fraction decreased by 7.7 % (95 % CI: 6.78–8.76 %) compared to the initial AIMS records (from 61.0 to 53.3 %); p < 0.001. There were no significant or meaningful differences in basic patient characteristics and case distribution during this time.
The transition from paper to electronic AIMS resulted in an unintended but significant shift in recorded ASA PS scores. Subsequent design changes within the AIMS resulted in resetting of the ASA PS distributions to previous values. These observations highlight the importance of how user interface and cognitive demands introduced by a computational system can impact the recording of important clinical data in the medical record.
The American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification (ASA PS) of surgical patients is a standard element of the anesthesiologist’s preoperative assessment. The ASA PS Grading System was originally described by Saklad et al in 1941 . The current system of five categories was proposed in 1961 by Dripps et al., and adopted by the ASA in 1963 . A 6th category (for organ donors) was added in 1980. An “E” modifier is added to physical status scores for emergency surgeries. The definitions of the ASA PS classes are shown in Table 1. The primary value of the ASA PS classification is to assess the overall physical status of the patient prior to surgery and to help in comparing outcomes among groups of ASA PS-matched patients . It was explicitly not intended to be used as a predictor of surgical risk because it neglects the impact of surgery itself on patient’s outcomes [1, 4]. However, strong associations between ASA PS and perioperative outcomes (including mortality) has lead to the ASA PS becoming an important part of the risk-adjustment algorithms being used by many organizations to compare hospital performance related to surgical care including the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) [5, 6]. Variation in the distribution of assigned ASA PS between hospitals may therefore have very important implications, including alterations in payment.
In early 2013, the Department of Surgery at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, working with NSQIP, observed that the distribution of assigned ASA PS scores for sampled patients at the University of Iowa appeared to differ significantly from national comparison data. Specifically, they observed that 62 % of patients in a sample of adult surgical patients at our hospital were classified as ASA PS 1 or 2, compared with 50 % of patients for similar sized academic hospitals in the national database. They also noted that this discrepancy seemed to have appeared recently. When this was brought to the attention of the Department of Anesthesia, we noted that the change appeared to coincide with the transition from a paper-based anesthesia record to a new electronic Anesthesia Information Management System (AIMS, EPIC™ Systems, Madison, WI). To confirm this, we examined the distribution of ASA PS scores as recorded on paper records for a 12-month period of time prior to AIMS transition (derived from the Department’s billing database) and a similar 12-month period after that transition. We found a 6.1 % (absolute) greater fraction of ASA PS 1 and 2 classifications in AIMS (61.0 %) as compared to the paper records (54.9 %). These data and the analytical process will be described in detail in Results.
Based on these observations, we hypothesized that the change in ASA PS distribution was related to differences in the processes by which anesthesia providers entered ASA PS information in the electronic AIMS, as well as the “visibility” of that information to providers pre- and intra-operatively: an unintended consequence of the cognitive and user attention issues introduced by the computational workflow. We therefore set out to determine whether a reconfiguration of our electronic record and the data entry process might result in the return of our ASA PS distributions to that previously recorded with paper-based records and towards values more consistent with national benchmarks.
All data were obtained from the University of Iowa Department of Anesthesia’s Operations and Billing database. While the changes in the workflow and configuration of our AIMS was not under the jurisdiction of the institutional IRB, the analysis and reporting of the data retrieved from the database was reviewed by the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board for publication (IRB ID: 201403762) and concluded “ this is not human subjects research.” For the purpose of this analysis, we dichotomized records into two categories as in the NSQIP database: ASA PS 1 and 2 (relatively healthy patients) and ASA PS >2 (relatively unhealthy patients with higher morbidity and mortality).
University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics is a tertiary academic hospital and level 1 trauma center with nearly fifty anesthetizing locations including Main Operating Rooms, Ambulatory Surgical Center, and off-site locations. Approximately 35,000 anesthetics per year are performed across all locations. However, for the purposes of this assessment, we excluded records from patients cared for in our Ambulatory Surgical Center (which has a higher fraction of ASA 1&2 patients) and our off-site locations, and focused only on patients (adult and pediatric) undergoing surgery in the Main Operating Room suite (initially 30 and now 32 rooms).
The transition from paper to electronic AIMS occurred on November 8, 2010.
After obtaining the information noted in the Introduction, we attempted to identify the key differences in the entry and display of ASA PS information between our paper and electronic records. For example, on paper anesthesia records, ASA PS information was typically entered by the anesthesia provider on the top right hand corner of the actual anesthetic record—and was hence visible throughout the anesthetic to that provider, to the supervising faculty anesthesiologist, and to any relieving anesthesia provider. The postoperative hand-off information was also displayed on the right lower portion of the anesthetic record on the same side of the page as the ASA PS. The ASA PS was also entered in the “faculty attestation” area, just above the faculty signatures, on the back of the same record (Fig. 1). In contrast, entry of the ASA PS into Epic AIMS was via the “preoperative navigator” (an electronic form separate and distinct from the intraoperative record)—where it could be entered either by preoperative assessment personnel (in the preoperative clinic) or by the anesthesia provider. The ASA PS was not visible on the intraoperative record, nor did it appear on the faculty attestation page (which was also separate from the intraoperative record) or on the postoperative handoff document. In order to access the ASA PS, the provider had to leave the intraoperative record and navigate to the correct page in the preoperative navigator—a process that required a minimum of 3 mouse-clicks.
After identifying these differences between the paper-based and initial AIMS anesthesia records, we reconfigured our electronic AIMS record. Specifically, we 1) redesigned the Intra-operative AIMS screen to show a highlighted ASA PS score in the upper right hand corner to more easily catch the attention of the providers during the case; if the ASA PS score was absent, its absence was also noted, 2) a direct link was established between the displayed ASA PS field and the preoperative navigator to make it easier for the intraoperative provider to enter or edit the ASA PS. In addition, 3) the ASA PS score now appeared in the faculty attestation screen; if ASA PS was absent, this was highlighted and 4) ASA PS was programmed to appear on the postoperative handoff note (Fig. 2). The standard ASA definitions of ASA PS were also added to the pre-op navigator section to help anesthesia providers to more accurately assign ASA PS status. At the same time, we also established a Departmental policy that requested anyone other than a member of the providing anesthesia team to not to enter the ASA PS in AIMS.
These changes were implemented on August 28, 2013.
We examined the distribution of main operating room ASA PS scores for three twelve-month periods: 1) October 2009 through September 2010 (paper forms—17,348 records), 2) December 2010 through November 2011 (initial AIMS—18,429 records) and 3) October 2013 through September 2014 (modified AIMS—19,758 records).
To determine whether there were any concomitant changes in our patient or procedural mix, we also examined the following variables for each of the 3 aforementioned periods (using information from the same database): 1) patient demographics (age, gender, body mass index—BMI), 2) case distribution across our largest surgical services (general surgery, orthopedics, otolaryngology and neurosurgery), 3) case durations, and 4) the fraction of emergency vs. elective cases (which would also have an impact on the number of patients with “E” modifier).
No formal sample size calculation was performed for this observational study. Categorical data are presented as frequency and percentages, and Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis of such data. The normality of the continuous data was statistically tested by the Shapiro Wilk test. Continuous data are reported as median and associated first (Q25) and third (Q75) quartiles when the normality assumption was not met. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare continuous variables between two groups. Our main goal was to compare the fraction of ASA PS 1&2’s across the three time periods (paper vs. initial AIMS; paper vs. modified AIMS and initial vs. modified AIMS). The type I error rate was adjusted for multiple comparisons according to the Bonferroni adjustment. Therefore, the p-value for the primary outcome was compared to the adjusted type I error rate of 0.017 (0.05/3).
To calculate the confidence interval for difference of proportions, Wald asymptotic confidence interval, without continuity correction, was used.
As explained above, only data from three 12-month periods were used for the primary analyses so that we compared equal time periods from all three groups. However, there was 33 months of data for the initial AIMS (December 2010 to August 2013) before we made the modifications in the AIMS records. In order to make sure that the shift in ASA PS fractions was present throughout the entire duration of initial AIMS (December 2010 to August 2013), we also compared this 33-month data to the 12-month periods of data on paper records (October 2009- September 2010) and modified AIMS records (October 2013 to September 2014). This corresponded to 17,129 records from paper forms; 49,473 records from initial AIMS and 19,642 records from modified AIMS when cases with missing ASA PS values were excluded.
Due to large sample sizes in each period, it was expected to observe statistically significant results for clinically meaningless changes. To overcome this issue, first a sample size was calculated to compare two groups to detect a 6 % absolute difference (from 55 to 61 %). A sample size of 1,820 subjects in each group would provide 90 % power to detect the 6 % difference between two groups (55–61 %) when the adjusted type I error rate of 0.017 was used. Second, bootstrapping was performed by selecting a sample of 1,820 subjects with replacement from each group 10,000 times. Third, three chi-square tests were performed to compare each group for each of 10,000 samples. The proportion of times the p-value of chi-square test was statistically significant is reported.
Basic statistical analyses were performed using Wizard for Mac software (Evan Miller, 2014). Confidence interval of the difference between proportions was calculated by SAS software 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Sample size was calculated in nQuery Advisor 7.0 software. Bootstrapping was performed in R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing; Vienna, Austria, 2013).
Paper vs. initial AIMS
As noted above, there was a 6.1 % (absolute) increase (95 % CI: 5.1–7.1 %) in the fraction of ASA PS 1&2 classifications after the transition from paper (54.9 %) to electronic AIMS (61.0 %); p < 0.001. The fraction of patients classified with an “E” modifier in the ASA PS score increased from 8.3 % in the paper group to 11.8 % in the AIMS group (p < 0.001), though there was no significant increase in the patients classified as emergency add-ons in the surgical booking system (a different database): 12.6 % (paper) vs. 12.9 % (AIMS); p = 0.597. The fraction of records with a missing ASA PS score decreased from 1.3 % (paper) to 1 % (AIMS); p = 0.040 (Table 2).
There were no statistically significant differences in the patient characteristics between paper and AIMS records (Table 3). The fraction of cases performed by the four major surgical specialties was comparable in both groups (paper = 71.9 % vs. AIMS = 72.4 %). There was a statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, difference in the median case duration (from 173 to 167 min; p < 0.001).
Initial AIMS vs. modified AIMS
Following the AIMS modifications described above, the ASA PS 1&2 fraction decreased by 7.7 % (95 % CI: 6.78–8.76 %) in the modified AIMS (53.3 %) compared to the initial AIMS records (61.0 %); p < 0.001. The fraction of ASA PS 1&2 in modified AIMS was 1.6 % lower as compared to that on paper records (p = 0.001). There was small increase of 0.6 % in the percentage of patients classified as “E” in the modified AIMS compared to initial AIMS, (p = 0.046), with a corresponding 0.8 % increase in the percentage of “emergency add-ons” in the booking system. The fraction of records with missing ASA PS scores decreased further from 1 % (initial AIMS) to 0.6 % (modified AIMS); p < 0.001.
When comparing the covariates between initial and modified AIMS, there was a statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, difference in the median age (50.0 vs. 52.0 years); p < 0.001 and gender mix (49 % vs. 50.5 % female); p = 0.004. The median BMI (p = 0.127) and the median case durations (p = 0.947) were similar. The case distribution among the four largest surgical specialties was comparable in the two periods (initial AIMS = 72.4 % vs. modified AIMS = 72.3 %) (Table 3).
The percentage of patients with ASA PS 1&2 remained significantly greater (61.2 %) during the entire 33-month period of initial AIMS than both paper records (54.9 %) and modified AIMS records (53.3 %); p < 0.001. The fraction of ASA PS 1&2 patients in 3-month blocks during this entire duration (Oct 2009 to September 2014) is shown in Fig. 4. As explained in the Methods section, additional bootstrapping analyses were performed to overcome the statistically significant (but perhaps not meaningful) test results while analyzing the data during this entire duration of the initial AIMS. According to 10,000 replications from 1,820 samples from each group; the chi square test comparing fraction of ASA 1’s and 2’s compared to ASA >2’s for paper vs. initial AIMS data was statistically significant (p-value < 0.017) for 90.2 % of the time. Similarly, the test comparing the initial vs. modified AIMS dataset was significant for 99.3 % of the time. On the other hand, the test comparing the paper vs. modified AIMS was only significant for 12.1 % of the time.
Electronic health records should facilitate the accurate documentation of important clinical data like the ASA PS scores. Close relationship between ASA PS score and postoperative outcomes has been observed on many occasions which led to its incorporation in various predictive algorithms [7–12]. The current American College of Surgeons NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator includes ASA PS and is part of the risk-adjustment process to compare patient outcomes for selected surgical procedures . The ASA PS is also no longer exclusively utilized by anesthesiologists. The definitions and descriptors of the ASA PS are included in the CPT® code set, which is the property of the American Medical Association . The ASA PS is now being used for a variety of other purposes and groups, including government agencies, non-anesthesia providers, device manufacturers, etc. For patients, this expansion in the use of the ASA PS has significant implications, because it is now being use to define where a patient can receive care, what care can be provided and by what level of provider .
In this study we observed a change in the distribution of recorded ASA PS scores when changing from a paper to an electronic anesthesia record. We explored the effect of a modification of that electronic record on the distribution of recorded scores. The results confirm our hypothesis that the transition from the paper records to initial electronic AIMS resulted in increased number of patients with ASA PS 1 and 2, and that modification of the electronic AIMS resulted in a significant reduction in the fraction of patients with ASA PS 1 and 2. It was also observed that the ASA PS 1 and 2 scores were similar in paper forms and modified AIMS forms. There was no significant change in the patient or procedural mix and the fraction of emergency cases during this time, all of which can have an impact on the ASA PS scores. We demonstrated that the design of that electronic record might have a significant (but initially unrecognized) effect on recorded ASA PS distributions. Inter-provider variability in the assignment of ASA PS scores is well documented [16–18]. This has been proven to be true in small homogenous populations . In addition, Sankar et al, recently demonstrated variability in ASA PS scores between preoperative assessment clinic vs. the operating room in a retrospective cohort study . However, we are unaware of any previous observations suggesting changes in ASA PS distributions associated with the method used to enter this data into the medical record.
Unintended consequences of electronic health records are well studied which could be related to the cognitive demands of the computational workflow or due to human-computer interaction issues [21–23]. The nature of the user interface can have a significant effect on the type and quality of data entered in an electronic record [24–27]. AIMS are fundamentally different from other components of electronic medical records. While much of the information in AIMS flows automatically into the record (e.g. vital signs, inhaled agents concentrations, etc.), other information must be entered manually by anesthesia providers who are also simultaneously providing often time-consuming and distracting direct patient care. User interface and decision support reminders for critical data entry therefore assumes great significance in AIMS [26, 27]. Such systems, if not properly configured, can introduce a cognitive burden to the clinicians . Cognitive demand of an electronic health record system on clinicians is best exemplified in what we call as the “out of sight—out of mind” issue. Unlike a paper record where all the data entry fields are visible all the time, typically on one side of a printed form, AIMS often have data entry elements either hidden behind multiple mouse clicks or only visible by vertical scrolling. This can hinder user attention and prevent the user from entering and editing information unless they are actively prompted.
In our previous paper anesthesia records, the section for ASA PS appeared in 2 places: 1) in the pre-op evaluation form on the back side of the record (for documentation during pre-op evaluation) and 2) in the top right corner of the Intra-op side of the paper (Fig. 1). The intra-operative anesthesia providers could clearly see this data field at all times, and its visibility also allowed review and correction of the data by the faculty anesthesiologist as deemed appropriate. By contrast, entry of the ASA PS was restricted by the AIMS system (by design to prevent duplicate electronic entry of same type of data) to one designated place in the pre-op evaluation navigator and, in our initial configuration, was not visible to the providers intraoperatively unless actively sought by moving to the preoperative navigator page, i.e. it was “out-of-sight” (and hence “out-of-mind”) from the perspective of the intraoperative provider. In addition, entry of the ASA PS may have been done by someone other than the intraoperative provider (e.g. by the pre-anesthesia evaluation clinic or by another provider tasked with performing the preoperative assessment)—but that entry remained “out-of-sight” at the time of the patient’s arrival in the operating room. To review or edit the ASA PS, the operative provider was required to close-out of the intraoperative record and go to the preoperative “navigator”, which required 3 mouse clicks and some “vertical scrolling” on the computer screen.
When notified of the apparent discrepancies between our ASA PS distributions vs. national benchmarks, and following our verification of this fact, we immediately hypothesized that this “out-of-sight, out-of-mind” phenomenon in our AIMS was at least partially responsible. While the system could not be reconfigured to permit ASA PS to be entered directly from the intraoperative record (entry in the preoperative navigator was still required), we were able to configure several aspects of the operative and postoperative record (including the faculty “attestations” area) to display ASA PS in a more prominent fashion. We also created a direct link from the operative record to the ASA PS entry page in the preoperative navigator to permit more seamless editing of the entry (typically by faculty) and included bold highlights indicating the absence of a recorded ASA PS. To assist in the education of providers, the ASA definitions of the various PS classes were added to the preoperative navigator and entry of ASA PS by providers other than those directly responsible for intraoperative care was prohibited. The introduction of these changes resulted in a normalization of our ASA PS scores relative to benchmarks.
Due to governmental encouragement, electronic medical records are rapidly become a standard across the country, and many if not most, large institutions are moving towards adopting electronic records [29, 30]. Unfortunately, there are few studies looking at the effect of this transition on important aspects of clinical care including the fidelity of data entry. This study should serve as an alert to healthcare providers that seemingly innocuous aspects of how their records are configured relative to our required workflow may have important unanticipated consequences.
Limitations and future work
Our observational study has multiple limitations. First, we are limited in our ability to conclude that the observed changes in ASA PS distributions were caused entirely by our change to an AIMS or by our reconfiguration of the user interface of that AIMS. The user interface changes were accompanied by a Department-wide educational effort intended to encourage providers to pay greater attention to the accuracy of their ASA PS choices (as was the provision of definitions on the entry page). It is possible that this educational effort alone might have resulted in changes even in the absence of changes in our AIMS. However, the education program (presentations at departmental meetings and email communications) related to ASA PS started soon after our notification of the local vs. national discrepancies in early 2013, but the relatively rapid change in ASA PS distributions occurred only after the AIMS modification. We believe that this observation strongly supports our belief that subtle aspects of the design of electronic records can have major and meaningful effects on the quality of recorded data. Second, the study was not designed to find the impact of ASA PS assignment in the preoperative clinic vs. operating room personnel. ASA PS in an AIMS record may have been assigned or later verified by different personnel (preoperative clinic or operating room) and identifying that was beyond the scope of this study. Third, we did not employ specific methods to study the impact of the computational system on cognitive and workflow related factors. The human computer interaction interventions for the underlying problem of design and user attention were made by applying simple heuristic principles . Future research with more robust tests like cognitive task analysis and time motion studies needs to be conducted to specifically identify the impact of electronic health records on user entered data.
The transition of anesthesia record keeping from paper to electronic at our academic hospital resulted in a shift in the reporting of ASA PS classification. Changes made in the design and workflow of the electronic anesthesia records resulted in the resetting of the ASA PS fractions, without any significant or meaningful changes in the actual patients being cared for. The study highlights the importance of how transition from paper to electronic health records can result in real variations in the data entered. The study further shows the importance of understanding the role of human-computer interaction in the design and deployment of such computational platforms in information-dense and high intensity workflow environments like healthcare delivery settings.
- ASA PS:
American society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification
anesthesia information management system
national surgical quality improvement program
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The authors wish to thank Abigail Strobel, B.A., Application Developer, Healthcare Information Systems, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, for her contributions in the redesigning and testing of the AIMS interface.
Disclosure of funding
The Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics funded this project.
The authors declare that they have any competing interests.
AAM designed the study, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. EOB participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analyses. AG carried out the designing and modifications of the AIMS interfaces. BH conceived of the study and participated in the design. MMT participated in the design of the study, analysis of data and drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Cite this article
Marian, A.A., Bayman, E.O., Gillett, A. et al. The influence of the type and design of the anesthesia record on ASA physical status scores in surgical patients: paper records vs. electronic anesthesia records. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 16, 29 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-016-0267-6
- Electronic Health Record
- Paper Record
- Anesthesia Record
- Anesthesia Provider
- Anesthesia Information Management System


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An added sugar is any sugar that is added to a food or beverages during processing which does not naturally occur in the food. For example, refined white sugar, brown sugar, corn sweetener, corn syrup, dextrose, fructose, glucose, high-fructose corn syrup, maltose, and sucrose are all sugars commonly added to drinks and food products. Naturally occurring sugars are totally safe to eat and most readily occur in fruit and milk. Natural sweeteners can also come in the form of any unrefined product like honey, maple syrup, molasses, pure monk fruit or agave extract. These are considered natural because no other additives disrupt their chemistry. Be cautious though that these natural sweeteners are still a source of sugar and should be used in moderation.
WHY ARE ADDED SUGARS BAD? - The Science of Sugar
Knowing what sugar does inside your body will help you understand the reasons a sugar detox, like the 21-Day Sugar Detox, is going to improve your health. When we consume sugar a neurotransmitter (a chemical messenger that delivers signals to/from the brain) called dopamine is released. We receive a pleasure signal from dopamine when sugar is consumed; this is great if the sugar comes from a nutrient dense source like melon or berries which will decrease the desire for more sweet tasting food because the craving was satisfied. Unfortunately, refined forms of sugar also trigger the release of dopamine. These refined sugary, processed foods contain no nutrient value which leaves you with a content desire to eat more sugar. It's a revolving circle of: "that tasted really good" - "I want more" - "I am still hungry". This happens to most of us and results in a nutrient poor diet, cyclical bloating, and lethargy. In her book, Diane uses a great example to explain the importance of nutrient dense foods verses nutrient poor foods. She compares two foods that have equal calorie servings, 100 grams of a sweet potato and 100 grams of unenriched wheat bread. Both foods have around 20 grams of carbohydrate but look at the nutritional differences below:
% RDA of Sweet Potato vs. Unenriched Wheat Bread
As Diane explains in her book, "When nutrients are added to foods in synthetic forms and without their co-factors (the complementary nutrients that are needed for proper absorption and utilization), you body simply cannot use them properly." When your bread or cereal is fortified with extra calcium this does not mean that your body is going to properly utilize the calcium because the co-factors of vitamins A, D, K2 and magnesium may not be present in the correct form to naturally help the calcium be fully absorbed and utilized properly.
During the introduction to the detox, Diane does an excellent job of explaining why nutrient density is so important and why eating whole, natural foods to obtain the macronutrients and micronutrients our body needs is much more effective in living a healthy, vibrant life. This is why a low nutrient diet leaves you feeling tired and depleted. She further explains how insulin, glucose, and glycogen work to keep carbohydrates fueling our body based on our diet and activity level. Although, when we have an access of carbohydrates it is converted to fat. In addition, the book talks on topics of sugar and its affects on inflammation, stress, and hormones. I could go on-and-on about the processes of sugar, insulin, and glycogen, but I'll save that for another post as insulin-resistance is becoming more and more well-known in our communities. But for now, I highly recommend reading this book simply to gain a pimplier scientific understanding of sugar and the body.
MY INITIAL THOUGHTS ABOUT THE PROGRAM
I love that Diane and her team have worked to create multiple support systems other than the book. If you check out 21daysugardetox.com you'll find an additional quick-start guide, audio series, daily detox emails, modification guides, and the community forum and support they offer. In addition, you can find a local 21-Day Sugar Detox coach if you feel you want more one-on-one care and advice. Since, I am knowledgable in the area of food and nutrition, eat a well-balanced diet, and decided to do the detox in late December 2016, I went the cheap route and just bought the hard-copy book (well it was actually a birthday gift). I love hard copies so I can mark-up pages and place sticky notes and tabs in my books. The book encompasses everything you get online other than the daily emails, audio series, and community support. There are over 90 recipes provided in the book, broken down by breakfast, main dishes, soups/salads/sides, snacks, and non-sweet treats (each with allergy information, ingredient and kitchen tips). Diane includes a detailed menu for each of her 3 levels, which you can choose to follow or simply pick and choose recipes and/or foods based on the "yes/no food list" provided for each level (this is what I chose to do). I found the "yes/no food list" difficult to find at first and would have preferred this was placed before the menu for each level. Based on the quiz participants are encouraged to take, I decided to do level 3 of the detox with adding the energy modifications because I am fairly active and do CrossFit workouts 3-5 times per week. I would highly recommend anyone who is new to Paleo or preparing real, wholesome foods do level 1 first and then advance to level 2 if you choose to do another sugar detox.
To date, I have completed my third day of the detox, and thus far I have not seen any big milestones in energy level or body composition, but it is too early to tell from my perspective! I feel that I have the same amount of energy, have not experienced any headaches (often common with a detox), and have really only found myself hungry on two occurrences (usually around 3-4pm). I typically wake up at 4:50 am and sometimes find myself hungry during my fasted workout, but this has not happened yet. Because I am doing the energy modifications in order to maintain my stamina during my workouts and recovery, I plan to consume between 100-160 grams of carbohydrate a day but will try my best to obtain this from starchy vegetables. Towards the end of the book Diane lists some helpful information about how to find your carbohydrate needs and also includes a chart of starchy carbohydrate vegetables, with nutrient profiles, for those doing the energy modifications of the detox. I found this super helpful, as I did not realize I could eat sweet potatoes, white potatoes, and squashes to reach my carbohydrate goal (this was not made clear to me in the book as I missed it the first two times I read the restrictions). Once I realized this, all hesitations resided! Although, an area of interest to me is the types of fruit recommended during the 21-Day Sugar Detox. On this detox you are only allowed to eat 1 piece of fruit per day (other than lemons and limes) BUT it must be either a grapefruit, green apple, or green-tipped banana (not quite ripe). I find this interesting because 100 grams of raspberries has less carbohydrate and sugar than 100 grams of green apples or banana, and the same goes for blackberries. I am going to dig a little deeper to investigate why berries are eliminated from this detox. I am definitely going to miss them!
Admittedly, the 21-Day Detox program is making me think a lot about how many carbohydrates (and sugar) are in the vegetables and fruits I normally consume within a week. This program is opening my eyes to new recipes and cooking vegetables I am not as comfortable with (like parsnips, rutabaga, and jicama)!
WHAT TO EXPECT ON MY NEXT 21-DAY SUGAR DETOX POST - Stay Tuned!
I will check in with you all again around day 16 to let you know how I feel, what I am eating (including any recipes I like), and tell you what I am learning from the detox. I hope you check back in with me and/or do a little research about the 21-Day Sugar Detox yourself.
Thanks for reading! If you have suggestions or questions for future blog posts please send them to firstname.lastname@example.org; I love hearing about what interests you and receiving new ideas from my followers.

domain: food


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The virtual agreement to implement the tea-for-oil barter deal between Sri Lanka and Iran is expected to be signed between officials of both countries on this Friday (9).
The terms of the aforementioned barter agreement involve large sums of payments due to the Iranian Government from Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC), for fuel exported to Sri Lanka several years ago. Thus, as proposed by the previous Government, Sri Lanka will export tea to Iran in an effort to offset this debt.
“It is not confirmed, but the virtual meeting and signing might take place on 9 April,” stated Tea Exporter’s Association (TEA) Chairman Sanjaya Herath.
In addition, Sri Lanka Tea Board (SLTB) Director General Aruna Siriwardene also noted that the aforesaid date is tentative, although the virtual meeting is confirmed to take place in the present month.
“The Cabinet approved this proposal approximately four months ago, and we are ready to sign the agreement,” Siriwardene stated.
Herath added: “They have obtained Cabinet approval; it’s a matter of the agreement being signed by both parties. This is planned to be a virtual meeting and signing.”
Moreover, it was highlighted that Sri Lanka is unable to settle the aforementioned debt with liquid cash, due to sanctions placed on Iran by the US.
Therefore, as proposed by the previous Government, the Sri Lankan Government and TEA assessed the debt to be paid through the export of Ceylon Tea. Accordingly, the Government alongside SLTB evaluated how to settle these fuel debt obligations that have been due for several years, amounting to $ 250 million, through equal instalments over 48 months.
It was also previously revealed that Sri Lanka has not imported fuel from Iran since it was sanctioned. “How it works is that every month, we can export $ 5 million worth of tea to Iran. It is estimated to be 800-900 metric tons per month,” Herath previously explained.
Furthermore, he also reported that the Iranian officials were not pleased with the terms of this agreement, as they preferred that Sri Lanka settle its debt by exporting $ 10 million worth of tea per month to Iran for two years, rather than 48 months (four years). In addition to this, it was revealed that this proposal was approved by Cabinet, as well as the United States (US) Embassy.
Furthermore, it was also mentioned that this barter trade agreement can help TEA reclaim its tea export market share, which was overtaken by India in 2019. As Iran imports 90% of its national requirement of tea from India and Sri Lanka, the TEA argues that this barter system would increase the association’s exposure and support it in reclaiming its market share.

domain: news


Workshops Back to menu
David Kerzel, Pompano Beach, FL email@example.com/25/2006
seem to be two types of workshops, clean ones and cluttered.
table saw is a great work bench and the bandsaw table is too small to
pile a lot on it.
of my work is done on this Grizzly 3 in 1. It needed a little
adjusting out of the box but works great for a under $900 machine.
I have added low cost digital readouts that help a lot.
was my father drill press. Navy surplus form the South Pacific
after WWII. He would have enjoyed all this engine stuff.
also do wood turning. The shop is too cluttered to make furniture
now. We have a local wood turning guild (click
here to see some turnings). Most of the shop has a layer of
wood turning chips. The biggest problem is the wood chips are
bigger than the parts I normally make and if some thing gets dropped it
is lost forever.
use the Sherline for smaller parts. It has less play than the
Grizzly so the parts are better. I have a magnifying light and
like being able to get close to the part as it is forming. I
purchased it used and it came with the metal pan. I put it on a
card table to test it and it has been there ever since.
also have this Sherline mill. The work is hidden from easy view
often and it has hand wheels without the zeroable scales which take a
little more thought. It works good and is very repeatable.
Copyright 2006, Florida Association of Model Engineers and engine builder as noted above, All rights reserved.


The Government love making changes to property tax, often in order to increase tax.
Legislation will be introduced in Finance Bill 2019-20 amending sections 222 to 224 TCGA. These changes will:
reduce the final period exemption from 18 months to 9 months (there are no changes to the 36 months that are available to disabled persons or those in a care home)
reform lettings relief so that it only applies in circumstances where the owner of the property is in shared-occupancy with a tenant
make some revisions to job related accommodation relief by extending it to serving members of the armed forces, who are required to live away from home and, instead of being provided with job-related accommodation, receive payments from the MOD under its Future Accommodation Model and uses those funds to pay for accommodation
legislate 2 ESC – D21 Late claims in dual residence cases and D49 Short delay in owner occupiers taking up residence
clarify the rules concerning the transfer of residential properties between spouses or civil partners – those rules will make clear that where an individual transfers all or part of an interest in a residential property that they own to their spouse or civil partner, the receiving spouse or civil partner will inherit the transferring spouse’s or civil partner’s previous history of use of that property, resulting in a fairer outcome
The Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) scheme was implemented in the EU UK 1 July 2009. You will require an EORI number if you import from or export to countries outside of the EU.
Goods are declared to customs using form C88 Single Administrative Document (SAD) that in most cases is presented in an electronic format. Import VAT is dealt with in the same way as a Customs Duty. You can pay it outright at importation, or under the duty deferment arrangements explained in Notice 101: deferring duty, VAT and other charges which also covers Simplified Import VAT Accounting (SIVA). This is a scheme that reduces the level of financial security required to guarantee the payment of import VAT through the duty deferment system.
Subject to the normal rules, you can claim as input tax any import VAT you pay on goods, provided those goods are imported for the purpose of your business. Your claim must normally be made on the VAT Return for the accounting period during which the importation took place.
The normal evidence of payment of import VAT is the import VAT certificate (form C79), which is issued monthly.
You need to hold official evidence of VAT paid on imported goods before you can recover the VAT as input tax.
The C79 certificate is issued in connection with most import procedures, and also post importation corrections and removals from a customs warehouse.
The certificate is made up of twin sided A4 sheets with a blue print background.
Flexible Accounting System (FAS) paid VAT transactions will be shown under your EORI number.
Neither the agent’s VAT number nor the agent’s reference number appears on the certificate for immediate payment and FAS paid transactions. If this causes you particular difficulties you may wish to consider arranging duty deferment facilities.
The accounting date will be shown against each item on the certificate, and transactions will appear on the certificate for the month covering that accounting date – for example, transactions bearing an accounting date of October will normally appear on the October C79 certificates. For transactions paid by duty deferment the accounting date is normally the date of clearance of the goods. For immediate payment and FAS items the accounting date may, in some instances, be later than the date of the declaration. So some goods cleared in late October may have a November accounting date, and will therefore appear on the November certificate.
Transactions that are the subject of an accounting query will appear on the first certificate issued after the query has been dealt with.
A single total of VAT for the period will appear at the end of the final page.
Certificates cover accounting transactions made in each calendar month should be received around the 24th of each month following imports logged the previous month.
Here are the instructions on how to enter C79 import VAT
The cost including the freight will have been paid to the freight company such as FEDEX
In April 2020, the government are planning to make changes to the employment allowance. Since 2014 many businesses have been able to claim £3,000 per year as a deduction against Class 1 NI, but from April things are changing!
Here is a quick summary
Employers won’t automatically qualify for the EA (Employment Allowance) and must claim it each year. This will mean submitting a declaration confirming that you’ve checked and qualify by meeting the eligibility conditions.
Employer with more than £100k of Class 1 NI won’t qualify
Connected employers won’t qualify – sharing staff, premises or other resources
EA will be counted as State Aid and the maximum state aid allowed is 200,000 euros
So even if items 2 to 4 don’t apply, item 1 will apply to every business wanting to make a claim.


Test and measurement automation: Need of the hour
August 13, 2018 2:02 pm
Explaining the significance of test and measurement automation for the manufacturing sector
In today’s modern development workflow process, speed is the king. The faster he/she can test, the faster his/her product can go to market. However, most Quality Assurance (QA) folks are stuck using the same old tools and processes and never get a free minute to investigate how to make their work better than usual, let alone shift to automated testing processes to help them deliver better products faster.
Innovative manufacturing – A new era
According to Varun Arora, National Sales Manager, Exor India Pvt Ltd, “Businesses that make a transition to innovative manufacturing enjoy a number of advantages. Reduced labour costs, maximised asset utilisation rates, faster product changes, reduced machine downtime, inventory and maintenance time.” He adds, “Greater flexibility in the manufacturing process increases the value of products and improves margins.”
However, international competition is increasingly intense. To maintain the competitiveness of companies and increase their productivity on national and international markets, they have no choice but to make a transition to Industry 4.0. It will be a major driver of development and differentiation for industrial equipment suppliers.
IoT and cloud computing
Today’s manufacturing industry is witnessing a rapid technological progress, along with factories integrating automation with smart devices; with the aim of facilitating data sharing and communication within the organisation. Meenu Singhal, VP Industry Business, Schneider Electric India, explains, “With the advent of Industry 4.0, the industry was introduced to several new components, the most significant being IoT. IoT and cloud computing brought a host of benefits which helped to improve the efficiency and functioning of organisations in the manufacturing sector. With information being made available across the organisation, this has helped in several factors including predictive maintenance, improved assembly line production and supply chain management.”
Save costs and ensure quality
Quality and highest standards of product performance are directly linked. Quality is a set of acceptable parameters that can be governed and controlled through accurate measurements. This calls for high resolution measurement along with automation. Ajey Phatak, Head Marketing, Beckhoff Automation, informs, “Measurement automation plays a significant role to maintain the highest standards and that too with require speed. Imagine a million mobiles phones getting produced and the demanding quality to be maintained at desired production speed. Automation in test and measurement parameters of products in mass production saves overall cost and ensures quality.”
Your future advertising space? Our media data
Automation in manufacturing has been transforming factory floors, the nature of manufacturing employment, and the economics of many manufacturing sectors. Manish Walia, Head-Industrial Automation Business Group, Delta Electronics India Pvt Ltd, says, “Test and measurement automation is becoming the defining factor of modern manufacturing. Though manufacturing is one of the most highly automated industries globally, there is still significant automation potential within the four walls of manufacturing sites, as well as in related functional areas such as supply chain and procurement.”
A new generation of robots that are more flexible and versatile, and cost far less than those used in many manufacturing environments today can be ‘trained’ by frontline staff to perform tasks previously thought to be too difficult for machines. Lastly, Walia adds, “Test automation helps application functions smoothly and when the functionality is tested regularly and frequently it plays a significant role in industry like manufacturing.”
Greater flexibility in the manufacturing process increases the value of products and improves margins.
Varun Arora, National Sales Manager, Exor India Pvt Ltd
IoT and cloud computing brought a host of benefits which helped to improve the efficiency and functioning of organisations in the manufacturing sector.
Meenu Singhal, VP Industry Business, Schneider Electric India
Automation in test and measurement parameters of products in mass production saves overall cost and ensures quality.
Ajey Phatak, Head Marketing, Beckhoff Automation
Test and measurement automation is becoming the defining factor of modern manufacturing.
Manish Walia, Head-Industrial Automation Business Group, Delta Electronics India Pvt Ltd


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French Week kicked off in Da Lat city, the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong on December 9, to celebrate 40 years of diplomatic ties between Vietnam and France .
VietJetAir has announced the opening of a new route from Vinh City to Da Lat City
Da Lat Flower Festival 2013 is scheduled to take place from December 27 to 31, 2013 in Da Lat City and Lac Duong district, Lam Dong province.a
The Lam Dong Culture and Tourism 2013 Week will be in Da Lat City from December 27-31.
The Lam Dong Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism announced that the 2013 Da Lat Tourism Cultural Week, which is set to run from Dec 27 to 31, won’t include the UNESCO Vietnam – ASEAN Heritage Festival as announced earlier.
Lam Dong Province's Department of Information and Communications is preparing a project that will make Da Lat City a wifi hotspot. The VND6 billion (US$285,000) project is expected to become operational in mid-December, just in time for the city's culture tourism week.
Farmers in Da Lat flower villages in the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong are busy preparing for Culture and Tourism Week 2013 from December 27 to December 31.
The pepper industry is hoping to attain an annual export value of 1 billion USD within the next few years, buoyed by increasing global demand for the staple.
Central Highlands Lam Dong Province and the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) in Singapore on Tuesday signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to promote cooperation in agriculture, production and tourism.
The Central Highlands province of Lam Dong has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to boost cooperation with the Singapore-based Republic of Korean Chamber of Industry and Commerce.


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Massive Disneyland Attraction Database
Above: The Kurt's House and Meet Kurt attraction, December 2, 1991, 10:98 p.m.
Kurt's House and Meet Kurt
March 2, 1958
Avg. queue length:
After you fumble like a rat in a maze
through Kurt's house, you'll be funneled into her Meet 'n' Greet Silo in the rear of the house. There you can find Kurt while she is filming a scene from her over-familiar film, "The Scrambler's Apprentice". Be sure to ask her if she's a hidden Kurt!
- If traveling with spoiled children, you may want to give them sedatives before getting in this queue.
- Minimum height 25".
- Emotionally-impaired guests may ask a cast member for a place to sit while their family enjoys the attraction.
- This attraction's theme song may be stuck in your head for weeks.
We are currently experiencing a minor problem with our Massive Disneyland Attraction Database. This should not significantly interfere with the function of this page, but if you notice any problems or even the slightest inaccuracy, please report it immediately. Thank you for your sign.

domain: travel


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If you possess debts and are straining to compensate all of them off, a personal debt combination car loan might be actually an alternative. It can easily minimize your interest remittances, streamline your budget, as well as assist you leave financial obligation faster. Calgary consolodation debt
Debt loan consolidation lendings can also enhance your credit score. Nonetheless, it is important to decide on the best car loan for your economic scenario. debt consolodation Alberta
It may minimize your passion settlements
If you possess many financial debts along with different rate of interest, a financial obligation loan consolidation finance can be a fantastic possibility to lower your enthusiasm settlements. This may assist you spare loan over the long term. credit Calgary
Nevertheless, there are a handful of points you must think about prior to looking at financial debt consolidation.
You need to appear at your credit scores score and observe if it’s high sufficient to train for a very competitive interest fee. You must also ensure you know exactly how the various interest rates as well as car loan repayment conditions will definitely affect your overall month to month repayments.
Yet another point to look out for is actually the length of the financial debt combination funding. If the finance is too long, you’ll possess a tougher opportunity repaying your financial debt.
You need to consider your monetary objectives and just how much personal debt loan consolidation is worth to you. Unification might be actually an excellent tip if you want to pay off your financial obligations a lot faster as well as boost your credit rating rating.
It can easily streamline your budget plan
You can simplify your spending plan by just producing one repayment when you combine your debt. This may aid you stay away from late costs as well as penalty interest by limiting the lot of due dates you must think about each month.
This may additionally make it simpler to keep track of just how much loan you have offered for spending your costs. Since there’s only one repayment to make, you’ll understand specifically how much to allot every month.
Financial debt debt consolidation can easily likewise lower your rate of interest repayments through moving long-term personal debts along with higher rate of interest to car loans that hold lesser prices. Utilizing this approach can save you lots of bucks in interest in time, which is a big cost savings.
You should consistently consider your credit rating just before choosing to combine your personal debts. It might be difficult to obtain approved for a finance along with a reduced rate of interest fee if your credit score is poor or wrecked. If you possess a good debt score and are committed to financial debt repayment, combining your financial debts may aid you boost your finances and gain monetary liberty.
It may help you leave debt much faster
If you’re battling to create your personal debt payments, financial debt consolidation may be actually a choice that could help you leave debt quicker. It entails mixing your numerous personal debts in to one finance, which you at that point pay month to month.
Debt unification may also help you save money through getting you a reduced rates of interest on your new financing. This reduced rate of interest are going to cause a reduced overall price of financial obligation and may be made use of to pay off your other financial obligations more quickly.
Making use of personal debt consolidation to lower your debt might also help you stay away from destructive your credit history. This is actually given that a difficult debt concern, which happens when you get a new funding, can momentarily decrease your credit score.
Having said that, this temporary dip in your credit rating is actually most likely to become much more than made up for by the perks of minimizing your personal debt as well as enhancing your general economic situation. To determine whether debt loan consolidation corrects for you, consider your monetary circumstances and also the type of financial debt you have.
It can easily aid you prevent late payments
Financial debt combination assists you steer clear of overdue repayments by integrating numerous debts right into one loan with a taken care of settlement timetable. Considering that you only have to help make one repayment each month, it likewise creates it simpler to manage your budget.
Another terrific benefit of personal debt consolidation is that it can easily boost your credit rating. It is quick and easy for your remittances to drop behind and destroy your credit score if you are actually paying for off many loans or credit history cards with various due dates as well as rate of interest fees.
Financial obligation debt consolidation is actually a wonderful alternative for folks that possess several high-interest debts and an inadequate credit history. It can easily help you lessen your regular monthly remittances and also repay these financial obligations faster.

domain: finance


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Pre-conference workshop: Feminist Art Manifestos
Feminist Art Manifestos
In this pre-conference workshop, prof. Katy Deepwell and the participants will read Feminist Art Manifestos as a way of understanding feminisms in contemporary art. The workshop is open to everybody who is interested in discovering the power of feminist manifestos, also in other fields.
If you wish to prepare for the workshop, check out the material that is provided on this website https://www.ktpress.co.uk.
Katy Deepwell is founder and editor of n.paradoxa: international feminist art journal (40 vols.,1998-2017) and Professor of Contemporary Art, Theory and Criticism at Middlesex University. She is the editor of the Feminist-Art-Observatory at KT press (www.ktpress.co.uk) and author of n.paradoxa's MOOC, a mass open online course on contemporary art and feminism (https://nparadoxa.com). Her books include: (ed) Feminist Art Activisms and Artivisms (Valiz, 2020), All-Women Art Spaces in Europe in the Long 1970s with Agata Jakubowska, eds. (Liverpool University Press, 2017), Feminist Art Manifestos: An Anthology (KT press, 2014), Women Artists between the Wars (Manchester University Press, 2010), Women Artists and Modernism (MUP, 1998) and New Feminist Art Criticism: Critical Strategies (MUP, 1995).
The workshop is part of the conference Kjønnsforskning NÅ! You do not need to visit the conference to have access to the workshop, but please register.
Senter for kvinne- og kjønnsforskning, UiT Tromsø

domain: artistic


text:
Title:PacGun Revenge II Tower Defense
Rate This Game:
Game Played:1,177 plays
Description:PacGun Revenge II is a cool Tower Defense game which your goal is to wipe out all ghosts you encounter. Place PacGun in strategic points and let him take vengeance with his guns. This game is free to play.
How to Play:Please check inside game for instructions.
Note:This Starfall Gamer game requires Adobe Flash Player. If the game does not load, try installing the newest Flash Player from their website. Enjoy!

domain: entertainment


As if deforestation and agricultural expansion weren’t causing enough trouble for South America’s incredible Amazon rainforest, it seems as though the forest has degraded to a point where it can no longer regulate its own systems.
According to a report from Antonio Nobre — a researcher at the National Institute of Space Research and the National Institute of Amazonian Research — the rapid deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest is actually causing a drought in many major urban communities in South America. Sao Paulo, a city that is called home by approximately 20 million people, is especially feeling the impacts of deforestation by facing the worst drought in 80 years.
“The situation is very bad, as bad as it can get before we go down the abyss,” said Nobre. “We’ve been telling this story for the longest time and this is the first time people are really paying attention.”
So, why exactly is Sao Paulo in a major drought, and just how does that relate to the Amazon rainforest? Well, thanks to Nobre, we have a few answers.
What Exactly is Going On?
The Amazon rainforest covers about 40 percent of South America and contains approximately 1.4 billion acres of forests. On a daily basis, these forests are capable of generating 20 billion tons of water vapor which then moves inland and provides precipitation to many urban communities. The Guardian compares the forest to a pump as it channels moisture in between the forest and other locations throughout South America.
Destruction of this major rainforest, according to Nobre, “has weakened this moisture-generating mechanism.”
Currently, the Amazon is being destroyed to supply the logging, agricultural, and ranching industries at unsustainable rates. It is estimated that more than three million trees are cut down every single day which, when added up over the course of a year, means about one billion trees are removed each year … and all for the sake of meeting the demands of human industry.
Nobre’s report indicates that, as the forest is pushed beyond natural repair, the forest’s rate of transpiration is decreasing significantly and leading to longer dry seasons. In Sao Paolo, for example, October usually marks the beginning of the rainy season, but it proved to be drier than any other time since 1930. As a result, the volume of the Cantareira reservoir system decreased to five percent of its usually capacity.
What Does This Mean for People?
If there’s one thing that we as humans share in common, it’s that each of us relies on water for survival. We use water daily for drinking, cleaning, and even supporting our agricultural demands. Without sufficient amounts of precipitation to supply large urban centers such as Sao Paolo, many people will be left with ruined crops and low levels of drinking water. To compensate, these people will have to either adapt (especially through rationing) or find new ways to retrieve water.
As if a general water shortage for survival purposes isn’t enough, a lack of precipitation also means record-low water levels will be supplied to hydroelectric plants throughout the region. In 2012, hydroelectric power provided 65 percent of Latin America’s electricity, and the hydropower industry is currently expanding across South America. Since the release of Nobre’s report, officials have been warning residents of Sao Paolo about potential power blackouts in the near future.
Without power, hospitals, schools, homes, and even traffic lights will have to go without power … something that will cause major chaos within Sao Paolo and other large cities.
How You Can Prevent This
For each minute we ignore the issues occurring in the Amazon, about 2,000 trees will be removed from the forest. Nobre believes that the damage is so great that a large portion of the Amazon basin must be reforested in order to “preserve an ecosystem that prevents parts of South America from resembling the deserts at comparable latitudes in southern Africa and western Australia.”
If we want to help the people of Sao Paolo (as well as other metropolitan communities near the Amazon), we have to start paying closer attention to the world around us and make a difference. But how can we do it?
Though it’s pretty unrealistic for us to all fly to South America and replant trees ourselves, we can at least prevent further acts of deforestation through small life changes such as consuming less meat — beef especially.
Land used for ranching and cattle farming occupies 80 percent of deforested areas in the Amazon. Additionally, a bulk of the deforestation in the Amazon and across South America is due to growing crops for livestock feed. American livestock consume 30 million tons of soybeans every year. Further, Cargill, the American company who supplies 22 percent of our domestic meat market, sources the majority of their soy from South America. So, while we might not see the connection between the food we eat in America and the deforestation in South America, our choices do have an impact.
With these industries taking up so much space, pasture runoff has caused a large amount of contamination problems in local rivers, and slash and burn methods used to manage fields often results in the spread of fires through living forests. Truly, nothing good comes from deforestation.
By cutting back on meat consumption, you can help save the Amazon from becoming one huge cattle farm. By doing so, you could not only save thousands of animals (including 437 mammals, 1,300 birds, 400 amphibians, and 3,000 freshwater fishes), but also the livelihoods of millions of South American residents.
Image source: Phil P Harris/Wikimedia Commons
Stop bloody eating meat!


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New Batman movie features scene filmed in Printworks
DC’s forthcoming Batman movie, simply titled ‘The Batman’, features a scene filmed at London’s Printworks.
The Surrey Quays venue’s vast main room is recognisable in the background of the film’s latest trailer, which was the first teaser to be unveiled for the Matt Reeves-directed film ahead of its debut in cinemas from March 2022.
In the scene featuring Printworks, a number of background revellers can be seen enjoying themselves inside the venue, though one suspects that it wasn’t quite packed out with the 5,000-plus-strong crowd that the club frequently draws in each weekend.
Southwark News originally reported sightings of a “bat signal” over Canada Water in February of this year, which was the first sign that filming for the movie was taking place in the area. Photos of filming taking place more widely in South London, including Robert Pattinson on set, were also shared by the Evening Standard early last year.
Originally set for an earlier release, the film’s debut in cinemas was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. You can watch the trailer, including the scenes from Printworks, below.
Printworks is currently open for its autumn and winter season, with the line-ups for the next few months having been released in August.
Noisia will play their last ever show at the club this December.


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Adventure Holiday: Explore the Treasures of Persia
Vacation Type: Hiking and Trekking Journeys Native Culture Tours
Travel Location: Middle Asia Pakistan
Explore Iran, a region rarely visited by Westerners today.
See Isfahan, a magical city whose memory you will always treasure.
Skirt the Afghan border and explore the rough terrain of Central Asia.
Children may participate.
Vacation Contact Detail
Travel picture of The Badshahi Mosque in Pakistan.
2627 Lombard Street
Fax Number: 415-346-5535


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Phillip quit the show after two decades of hosting last May – a week before news of his affair scandal rocked ITV.
Loose Women star slams Phillip Schofield
Last year, following the news that Phillip had quit This Morning, ex Loose Women star Carol McGiffin hit out at him.
Recalling an interview with the presenter from 2010, Carol, 63, described Phillip as ‘rude.’
“He wasn’t very nice to be honest,” she said on GB News at the time. “He treated me like, ‘Oh another loose woman with another book.’ I kind of get that, but he was so not interested it was a struggle.
“I was giggling, actually laughing because I couldn’t believe he was being so bloody rude.”
Carol would not be the first celebrity who has stuck the knife in following Phillip’s departure.
Phillip is thought to have fostered numerous showbiz feuds during his time on television.
I couldn’t believe he was being so bloody rude.
Eamonn Holmes famously sat down for an interview on GB News in which he slammed Phillip.
Amanda Holden, meanwhile, posted an emoji of a bicep on her story when news of Phillip quitting was announced.
Phillip to get divorced?
Last month, it was reported that despite his affair, and coming out as gay, Phillip and wife Stephanie won’t be divorcing.
A source told New! Magazine that Steph doesn’t have any plans to divorce the former TV star.
“Despite everything, Steph has been the solid support by Phillip’s side. He calls her ‘his rock’,” they claimed.
“She’s been his tower of strength, and continues to be now. Divorce is the last thing she’d want to put him through.”
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Loose Women airs on weekdays from 12.30pm on ITV1 and ITVX.
Leave us a comment on our Facebook page @EntertainmentDailyFix and let us know what you think about Phillip Schofield quitting This Morning.


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Sometimes emotion—mourning in Palu, a sigh of relief in Chicago’s black community, anger by Kavanaugh at being called a rapist—is warranted, as even Mr. Spock the Vulcan learned on Star Trek. Missing in the Kavanaugh reportage, except on WORLD’s website, was some historical perspective. Oct. 13 is the 30th anniversary of the most controversial question ever asked at a presidential debate: In 1988 CNN’s Bernard Shaw asked Massachusetts governor and Democratic presidential candidate Michael Dukakis a hypothetical concerning his wife: “Governor, if Kitty Dukakis were raped and murdered, would you favor an irrevocable death penalty for the killer?”
Dukakis replied, “No … I’ve opposed the death penalty during all of my life.” Showing no emotion, he spent two minutes on policy analysis: “There are better and more effective ways to deal with violent crime. … Double the number of drug enforcement agents. … Call a hemispheric summit … drug education prevention here at home. …”
Dukakis campaign manager Susan Estrich was in despair as her candidate droned on. Later she said, “It was a question about Dukakis’ values and emotions. … When he answered by talking policy, I knew we had lost the election.” Had Kavanaugh not shown any anger, Democrats would have cited that as proof of his guilt, since an innocent man would have been outraged.
The left was certainly outraged by Kavanaugh’s gauntlet-running survival. As the Senate deliberated, several thousand protesters offered “Singing, Chanting, and Rage on Capitol Hill,” according to a New York Times headline. Some yelled “Whose court? Our court!” as they marched to the Supreme Court building. Some pounded and scratched at the doors. When U.S. Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, waved off a female protester as he walked toward a Senate elevator, she shouted, “Don’t you wave your hand at me. I wave my hand at you.”
At the campus where I taught for 20 years, the University of Texas at Austin, a half-dozen conservative students with “Confirm Kavanaugh” and “Witch Hunt!” signs for two hours faced a crowd that at lunchtime swelled to more than 100, many of whom chanted, “We believe survivors.” Some tore up the conservatives’ signs, indulging their urge to destroy, and contributed obscenities to the discourse.
As some Indonesian mourners flocked to church, two runners in the Cardiff (Wales) Half Marathon suffered fatal heart attacks at the finish line. As Kavanaugh joined the Supreme Court, some on the left were saying their faith in the Supreme Court—a stronghold that gave America nationalized abortion and same-sex marriage—was dead, as was their faith in the presidency. If they now join conservatives in limiting Washington’s power, America will survive the political marathon we are now running.
—with reporting from Indonesia by the Associated Press

domain: politics


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Following Nate Diaz’s tweet that he wouldn’t be available to fight Gray Maynard at the upcoming TUF Finale, because he would be attending his 10 year high school reunion; some were quick to view it as an excuse to avoid his fight against “The Bully.” Not the case according to Nate’s manager Mike Kogan. Instead he’s actually attempting to move the fight onto a card closer to his hometown of Stockton, CA.
“It just makes sense that he fights Gray Maynard, who’s ranked above him, on the same card where there’s a title fight, so he just expressed a desire to fight on the Sacramento card.”
“It has nothing to do with the reunion or no reunion. He would like to see if he could fight on the Sacramento card. It’s only two weeks later. It’s closer to his house; it’s like fighting in your backyard with more fans. That’s really what it’s about.”
And you thought he was avoiding “The Bully” by going to his high school reunion. The UFC on FOx 9 Sacramento card on Dec. 14, is indeed shortly after his currently scheduled bout. If Diaz could make the move, he wouldn’t just have home field advantage, he would positioned well to make much more in sponsorship deals, since Fox cards are on the larger broadcast station. The UFC does also like to capitalize on fighters fighting closer to home, as it increases local ticket sales. Will see if Nate is allowed his High School Reunion cake and eat it too. It’s now in the UFC’s hands.

domain: sports


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MARINATED MOZZARELLA CUBES — Cubes of mozzarella cheese marinated in a mixture of olive oil, sun-dried tomatoes, herbs and seasonings in this super simple party appetizer.
Everyone needs a super quick and easy appetizer recipe in their repertoire, and these Marinated Mozzarella Cubes are perfect for last minute guests or party invites.
Of course, they do need time to marinated, but they taste great in as little as 30 minutes. Although marinating longer will give them even more flavor.
And really, it couldn’t be easier. You just cut up some mozzarella cheese, then coat it in a mixture of olive oil, chopped sun dried tomatoes, garlic, fresh herbs and spices.
This appetizer is both easy and elegant, and it works for just about any occasion that calls for serving appetizers or finger foods.
Plus, anything you can make ahead is a win during the busy holiday season. And if you have extra after entertaining, you can snack on the leftovers all week long.
You can also make this marinated cheese with fresh mozzarella balls–no cutting necessary–but I prefer the taste and texture of the cubed mozzarella.
My husband, however, loves the fresh mozzarella, so use whichever variety you prefer. They’ll be delicious either way.
And since this recipe is made with pantry staples and mostly things with a long shelf-life, I can usually keep the ingredients on hand. Feel free to use what you have handy for substitutions.
No chives? Most fresh herbs will work great. Fresh basil is one of my favorite substitutions. And you can change up the other spices and seasonings too. Or even use different kinds of cheese.
Whether you serve these Marinated Mozzarella Cubes on their own, or as part of a fabulous antipasto platter, you’ll be glad to have this quick and easy appetizer recipe up your sleeve this holiday season.
Be sure to save this Marinated Mozzarella Cubes recipe to your favorite Pinterest board for later.
Here’s what you’ll need to make Marinated Mozzarella Cubes
- Mozzarella cheese
- Olive oil
- Sun-dried tomatoes
- Produce: fresh parsley, chives, garlic
- Spices: red pepper flakes, Italian seasoning, salt and pepper
- 1/3 cup olive oil
- 1 tablespoon finely chopped sun-dried tomatoes (oil-packed)
- 1 teaspoon Italian seasoning
- 1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
- Pinch of salt and pepper, to taste
- 2 teaspoons minced fresh chives
- 1 tablespoon minced fresh parsley
- 1 clove garlic, minced
- 1 pound mozzarella cheese, cubed
- In a large bowl, combine all the ingredients except the cheese.
- Add the cheese cubes and stir to coat evenly. Cover and refrigerate at least 30 minutes before serving.
As an Amazon Associate and member of other affiliate programs, I earn from qualifying purchases.
Nutrition Information:Yield: 10 Serving Size: 1
Amount Per Serving: Calories: 201Total Fat: 17gSaturated Fat: 7gTrans Fat: 0gUnsaturated Fat: 9gCholesterol: 36mgSodium: 293mgCarbohydrates: 1gFiber: 0gSugar: 1gProtein: 10g
Never miss a Let’s Dish Recipe:
If you love this recipe, you might also like:
Who Dished It Up First: Adapted from Taste of Home


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- Friday, 27 September marks the 50th anniversary of the death of Imam Abdullah Haron
- Haron was an SA Muslim cleric and anti-apartheid activist
- He died in detention while being extensively tortured
On Friday, 27 September, Briefly.co.za remembers Imam Abdullah Haron - an SA Muslim cleric and anti-apartheid activist - on the anniversary of his death.
Haron passed away at the Cape Town Central Police Station, which was known as the Caledon Square Police Station at the time, Wikipedia states.
The anti-apartheid activist was born in Cape Town on 8 February, 1924. He was the youngest of five children and was raised by his father's sister after his mom passed away while he was still a baby.
In 1955, Haron was made the Imam of the Al-Jamia Mosque in Claremont, Cape Town. He went on to establish the Claremont Muslim Youth Association three years later.
On 28 May, 1969, at the age of 45, Haron was arrested and never seen again. During his time in prison, Haron was said to have undergone extreme torture - which his family believes to be the cause of his death.
Haron was locked up by police Special Branch member Spyker van Wyk in solitary confinement for 123 days, during which he was physically abused.
The police minister at the time said that reason for Haron's arrest "was not in the public interest".
He died on 27 September, 1969, and officials claimed he fell on a flight of stairs, causing his death. However, his family believes he suffered a heart attack as a result of the extensive torturing.
His funeral was attended by more than 30 000 mourners.
Enjoyed reading our story? Download BRIEFLY's news app on Google Play now and stay up-to-date with major South African news!

domain: history


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Illustration: Adeline Pericart
So Film Ireland magazine is 25 years old. Over those years Ireland has produced some great films which have been successful both here and abroad – not to mention nabbing a few Oscars® along the way. And so over the next couple of weeks Film Ireland‘s army of cinema dwellers look back over the last 25 years and recall their favourite Irish films in the latest installment of…
25 Years of Irish Film
(John Huston, 1987)
‘… a warm and wonderfully crafted film…’
25 years ago, when Film Ireland was in its infancy, John Huston’s
final film, The Dead, was enjoying a Christmas-time release, four
months on from the sad passing of its legendary director. Adapted from
the James Joyce story of the same name (it has featured in the
acclaimed Irish writer’s short works collection Dubliners), The Dead
was Huston’s 37th feature film as a director, and came just two years
after his final Academy Award® nomination for Prizzi’s Honor.
With a brief running time of 83 minutes, and a short text source that
effectively confines the drama to a series of extended scenes, it
would have been easy for The Dead to be viewed as an incidental entry
in John Huston’s extensive body of work.
However, despite having to battle serious health issues while making
the film (he was aided by an oxygen tube hanging from his nose),
Huston produced something special, which has stood the test of time in
the intervening years, becoming one of the best Irish films of the
Written by Huston’s own son, Tony Huston (an Oscar® nominee the
following spring), The Dead takes place in 1904 Dublin at an Epiphany
party held by two elderly sisters. It is in many ways an ensemble
piece, though the main focus does fall upon Donal McCann’s academic
Gabriel Conroy, and his wife Gretta (Anjelica Huston), who is
harbouring painful memories of a deceased former lover.
Going by this general synopsis, one could be forgiven for wondering
where Huston was going to be able to find enough material to make The
Dead work as a feature length effort. Of course, it could be argued
that this was no bad thing, as Joyce’s work has proven to be
incredibly difficult to adapt down through the years, and the easier
it is to understand his treatments, the better it will be for those
who are attempting to bring his unique mind onto the silver screen.
Certainly, though there are a few close contenders, The Dead has been
firmly established as the best cinematic depiction of Joyce’s work,
and there are a number of reasons for this. First of all, there are
the performances. The late, great McCann and Huston hold the film
together beautifully, bringing real gravitas to the proceedings, with
Donal Donnelly (who would go on to appear in The Godfather Part III
before sadly passing away in 2010) on prime scene-stealing form as the
alcoholic Freddy Malins, who is desperately trying to appear
respectable in the presence of his mother.
Dan O’Herlihy brings Mr. Browne fabulously to life in the same year
that he appeared in Paul Verhoeven’s seminal sci-fi classic RoboCop,
and there is also an early role for future Star Trek star Colm Meaney.
Perhaps the most surprising performance comes courtesy of tenor Frank
Patterson, who plays baritone Bartell D’Arcy, but finds himself having
to take part in the drama itself, and coping exceptionally well in the
‘One by one they were all becoming shades. Better pass boldly into that other world, in the full glory of some passion, than fade and wither dismally with age.’
From the point of view of production design, the work done by Stephen
Grimes and Dennis Washington is flawless, and the Oscar®-nominated
costume design by Dorothy Jeakins is also to be lauded.
Cinematographer Fred Murphy (whose work can currently be seen on TV’s
The Good Wife) generates great mood and atmosphere as he moves back
and forth between various characters, and Alex North breathes fresh
vigour into the story with his musical composition.
Yet, when it boils down to it, this film belongs to John Huston in
every way possible. For the man who was the mastermind of such
incredible films like The Maltese Falcon, The African Queen and The
Man Who Would Be King to produce a such a warm and wonderfully crafted
film at a very late point in his career was truly remarkable.
Comedy had never really been Huston’s forte throughout his career, but
many of the scenes in The Dead are laced with humour, especially the
ones that feature Donnelly, and despite the problems he was going
through during the course of filming, it was clear that Huston was
aiming to venture into areas that he had not encountered before.
The way that Huston blended the comedic elements and dramatic elements
of the story together fitted perfectly with the aesthetic of the film,
and though this was a different kind of John Huston film, it was in
fact one that was very close to his heart.
As an adopted Irish citizen, and a fan of classic literature, Huston
finally got a chance to show his love of both worlds. Many personal
projects by directors tend to fail due to the over-inflated hubris of
the director, but The Dead avoids falling into this trap, and is in no
way portentous, despite the reputation that both Huston and Joyce have
in their respective fields.
As a film, The Dead is probably not to everyone’s taste, and doesn’t
aim to offer the same sort of thrills of Huston’s earlier films, but
you will struggle to find many better made Irish films over the past
25 years, or indeed in years to come.