text:
?(Fig.1a)1a) indicating c-FMS inhibitor a recent history of illness by SARS-CoV-2. Open in a separate window Fig. at the time of analysis: whole spike protein, spike receptor-binding website (RBD), spike S2 subunit, nucleocapsid protein (NP), and a membrane-envelope fusion glycoprotein (ME) . Out of the 10 individuals, we recognized high titers of both IgG (Fig. ?(Fig.1a)1a) and IgM (Fig. ?(Fig.1b)1b) antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2 proteins in one fresh onset (P1) and one relapsing patient (P2) (Fig. ?(Fig.1a)1a) indicating a recent history of illness by SARS-CoV-2. Open in a separate windows Fig. 1 (a) Dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 whole spike protein, RBD, S2, NP, and ME IgG and (b) IgM measured in relative antibody models (RAU) in the plasma of 10 individuals with JDM onset or relapse diagnosed since the beginning of the pandemic in France. (c) Quantification of IFN2 protein in the plasma of 33 active JDM individuals followed in our medical center (median: black dotted collection), of P1 2 weeks post-onset and of P2 two weeks post-relapse. (d) Dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 whole spike protein, RBD, S2, NP, and ME IgG and IgM at week 2 and week 6 post-JDM relapse in P2 measured in relative antibody models c-FMS inhibitor (RAU) P1 is definitely a 15-year-old woman that developed a JDM associating poor general state, fatigue, weight loss, symmetrical polyarthritis, slight proximal muscle mass weakness, and pores and skin features: erythema and papule in the joint extensors, erythema and Rabbit Polyclonal to HTR7 painful hyperkeratosis papules palmar and plantar, purple eyelids, and telangiectasia at the root of nails and gingival margins. Muscle mass biopsys features were consistent with the analysis of JDM. Creatine kinase (CK) was c-FMS inhibitor elevated 545 U/L ( 150). She was bad for muscle-specific autoantibodies (MSAs). Interferon- protein (IFN2) in the plasma, measured by Simoa assay (Quanterix Homebrew) , was markedly elevated (73476 fg/mL) (Fig. ?(Fig.1c).1c). Concomitant illness by SARS-CoV-2 was shown by positive nasopharyngeal antigenic test 2 weeks before JDM onset and high IgG and IgM titer against whole spike protein, RBD, and S2 2 weeks after JDM onset (Fig. ?(Fig.11 a and b). Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, and tofacitinib 5 mg b.i.d led to remission of the disease. P2 is definitely a 12-year-old woman who developed a pores and skin relapse of standard JDM diagnosed 8 years earlier. At analysis, she presented with slight muscle mass involvement and CK level was normal. Muscle mass magnetic resonance imaging showed muscle mass edema, and muscle mass biopsys features were consistent with the analysis of JDM. There were no MSAs recognized. Cutaneous lesions consisted of erythema and Gottrons papule in the joint extensor, erythema and painful hyperkeratosis papules palmar and plantar, heliotrope eyelids, erythema and edema of the ears, shawl sign with flagellate erythema. Treatment with corticosteroids and methotrexate led to a complete remission of 8 years including 6-12 months off therapy. Two weeks after being in contact with a COVID-19-positive family member, she experienced a purely pores and skin relapse of the disease. Cutaneous involvement was similar to the lesions observed at initial analysis of JDM. No muscle mass involvement was mentioned and MSA remained absent. IFN2 concentration was markedly elevated at analysis (4612 fg/mL) (Fig. ?(Fig.1c).1c). The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD, S2, and whole spike protein IgM in the plasma 2 weeks after onset of the symptoms, along with limited IgG, followed by increased levels of IgG and decrease of most IgM at week 6, suggests that the infection occurred at the c-FMS inhibitor same time as the JDM relapse (Fig. ?(Fig.1d).1d). Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids led to skin lesions remission and progressive decrease of IFN2 concentration: 1466.
Louis, MO), and Mcl-1 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). work AKR1C3-IN-1 to develop little molecule inhibitors to focus on the BRAF/MAPK pathway. Many BRAF and MEK inhibitors are being analyzed currently; for instance, the BRAF inhibitors RAF-265 (Novartis), XL281 (Exelixis), PLX4032 (Plexxikon/Roche), and GSK2118436 (GSK) are in advanced levels of scientific studies (ClinicalTrials.gov). Stimulating results from a recently available trial using the BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 had been lately reported (Flaherty, 2010). Data out of this research suggest that chronic treatment with PLX4032 network Tgfa marketing leads to tumor shrinkage and progression-free success of ~7 a few months in sufferers with BRAFV600E mutant melanomas. Nevertheless, most sufferers who taken care of immediately treatment with PLX4032 relapsed originally, recommending that chronic treatment with BRAF inhibitors is normally associated with advancement of medication level of resistance. Drug level of resistance is a universal problem connected with chronic treatment with anti-cancer medications (Engelman and Janne, 2008; Engelman et al., 2007; Kobayashi et al., 2005; Pao et al., 2005). Clinical knowledge with various other neoplasms, aswell as early data with PLX4032, claim that resistance to BRAF inhibitors is a significant clinical task most likely. Therefore, it is advisable to proactively immediate research initiatives to: 1) develop great models of level of resistance to BRAF inhibitors; 2) investigate the systems underlying AKR1C3-IN-1 level of resistance; and 3) style choice therapeutic ways of overcome medication level of resistance. Models of obtained level of resistance should mimic persistent treatment conditions found in the scientific setting up. The evaluation of systems of level of resistance should address the well noted adaptability of melanoma cells (Lipkin, 2008; Hendrix et al., 2003) and consider the chance that level of resistance to a medication can be associated with multiple mechanisms. Understanding the systems underlying acquired level of resistance to anti-cancer realtors will be instrumental in developing choice therapeutic strategies. Right here we examine systems underlying obtained level of resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanomas with BRAFV600E mutations and assess therapeutic ways of overcome it. Outcomes Chronic BRAF inhibition network marketing leads to obtained medication level of resistance To research if chronic BRAF inhibition may lead to obtained medication level of resistance, a -panel of BRAF inhibitor delicate melanoma cell lines harboring the V600E mutation in the gene and expressing PTEN (Desk S1) had been chronically treated with raising concentrations of the precise BRAF inhibitor SB-590885 (885; Amount 1A) (Ruler et al., 2006). We centered on PTEN-expressing cells because we’ve discovered that cells that absence PTEN tend to be substantially less delicate to BRAF inhibitors than PTEN expressing cells (our unpublished data). MTT assays demonstrated that while parental cells (451Lu and Mel1617) had been highly delicate to BRAF inhibition by 885 (IC50 ~ 0.01C0.1 M), melanoma cells which have been chronically treated with 885 (451Lu-R and Mel1617-R) needed higher doses from the medication for partial development inhibition (IC50 ~ 5C10 M) (Physique 1BCC). Chronic treatment of additional BRAFV600E melanoma cell lines with 885 led to the emergence of drug resistance (Physique S1ACC and Table S1). Cell cycle analysis showed that while treatment with 1 M of 885 led to a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest after 24h (p<0.05) and an increase in the percentage of cells in the SubG1 fraction after 72h (p<0.05) in 451Lu and Mel1617 parental cells, it had no significant effect on 451Lu-R and Mel1617-R cells (p>0.05) (Figures 1D and S1DCE). Open in a separate window Physique 1 BRAFV600E mutant melanomas chronically AKR1C3-IN-1 treated with BRAF inhibitors develop drug resistance(A) Schematic representation of generation of SB-590885 (885) resistant cells. The resistant cells are indicated by the name of the parental cell line followed by R. (BCC) Sensitivity to BRAF inhibition of parental (blue) and 885 chronically treated melanoma cells (red) was assessed by MTT assays. Relative growth (RG) was calculated as the ratio of treated to untreated cells at each dose for each replicate. Data are represented as mean SEM (n=7). (B) At all doses less than 10 M, RG was significantly lower for 451Lu cells (behavior of melanoma tumors and considerably increases their drug resistance (Horning et al., 2008; Smalley et al., 2006). We examined the effect of BRAF inhibition by 885 in parental and resistant cells produced as multicellular spheroids in 3D collagen-based matrices (Physique 2C). Consistent with our previous studies (King et al., 2006), treatment of the BRAFV600E mutant cells with 885 for 72 h led to a dose-dependent loss of cell viability. In contrast, BRAF-inhibitor AKR1C3-IN-1 resistant spheroids remained viable. The growth properties of these cells.
These are endocytosed and redirected from distal membrane locations to the IS. of non-phosphorylated resting TCRs. Using dominant-negative and knockdown methods we demonstrate that -arrestin-1 is required for the internalization and downregulation of non-engaged bystander TCRs. Furthermore, TCR triggering provokes the -arrestin-1-mediated downregulation of the G-protein coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4, but not of other control receptors. We demonstrate that -arrestin-1 recruitment to the TCR, and bystander TCR and CXCR4 downregulation, are mechanistically mediated by the TCR-triggered PKC-mediated phosphorylation of -arrestin-1 at Ser163. This mechanism allows the first triggered TCRs to deliver a stop migration signal, and to promote the internalization of distal TCRs and CXCR4 and their translocation to the Is usually. This receptor crosstalk mechanism is critical to sustain the TCR transmission. of unbound TCRs. We next investigated the mechanism underlying -Arr1 recruitment to non-engaged receptors in double TCR transgenic T cells using specific inhibitors. As expected (San Jose phosphorylation of recombinant -Arr1 on residue Ser163 by constitutively active PKC. Combined Mascot result of the IMAC-bound and flow-through fractions showing identified sequence protection (72%) of recombinant bovine -Arr1 protein phosphorylated by PKC 400C750) at 33.0C33.3?min of non-stimulated (up) and CD3-stimulated (bottom) samples. Red inset highlights the 161C170 peptide phosphorylated on Ser163 found only in IMAC-eluates from CD3-stimulated samples and not in control un-stimulated samples (blue inset). The right spectrum illustrates the ETD MS2 scan of the 440.99 ion as the phosphorylated -Arr1 peptide (aminoacids 161-170; sequence RNpSVRLVIRK where pS (reddish) indicates phosphorylated serine); and ion series are shown. Ser163 is required for inducible -Arr1 binding to the TCR. Jurkat cells transiently transfected with WT (1-418) -Arr1-GFP or -Arr1 (S163A)-GFP constructs were stimulated with unloaded (0 time point) or SEE-loaded Raji APCs for the time points Rabbit polyclonal to AVEN indicated. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with an anti-CD3 antibody and co-precipitated -Arr1 was detected by immunoblotting with anti-GFP. The membrane was sequentially re-probed with anti-phospho-(Ser) PKC substrates to monitor the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of -Arr1 WT and (S163A). Anti-CD3 blotting was used as loading control. Quantification was carried out by densitometry as previously explained (representative of three experiments is shown). Alignment of active and inactive -Arr1 showing the position of Ser163 within the phosphate sensor region. Backbone representation of active (orange; PDB 3GC3) aligned with inactive (cyan; PDB 1JSY) bovine -Arr1. The backbone of amino acids 373-380 Cutamesine of active -Arr1 that interact with CHC is shown in red. Basic amino acids from your phosphate sensor are shown with sticks (orange for active; blue for inactive) while the lateral chain of Ser163 in both -Arr1 crystals is usually represented with Cutamesine spheres. Residues Cutamesine 349-372 are not resolved in any of the structures. Source data are available online for this physique. To the best of our knowledge, phosphorylation of -Arr1 by PKC has not been described. A motif mining study combining different kinase-specific phosphorylation site prediction tools (observe Supplementary Materials and Methods) revealed the presence of 6 putative PKC phosphorylation sites in -Arr1 (Fig?5B). To identify the specific sites of phosphorylation of -Arr1 by PKC, we next performed an kinase assay with the constitutively active form of PKC in the presence of recombinant -Arr1 and we carried out phosphopeptide analysis by tandem mass spectrometry after enrichment by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) (Supplementary Fig S4). We detected a single -Arr1-derived phosphopeptide that corresponded to amino acids 161-170 phosphorylated on Ser163 (Fig?5C). This phosphorylation was mediated by PKC since it was not detected in the control condition without added kinase (Supplementary Fig S4). Therefore, the phosphorylation assay suggested that -Arr1 is usually a potential substrate of PKC. Noteworthy, the fact that phosphorylation Cutamesine was limited to a single residue, Ser163, argues against a non-specific effect derived from common phosphorylation by PKC in this 2-protein system. Nonetheless, to determine if -Arr1 becomes phosphorylated at Ser163 phosphorylation (Fig?5C) and the immunoblotting data (Fig?5A), these results strongly indicate that this activation of PKC upon TCR triggering is responsible for the phosphorylation of -Arr1 at Ser163. To determine if phosphorylation of Ser163 is required for the association of -Arr1 to the TCR, we generated a S163A mutant of -Arr1 and analyzed its recruitment to the TCR upon TCR triggering. The GFP-tagged WT and mutant form of -Arr1 were transiently transfected in Jurkat T cells and TCR-bound -Arrb1 was monitored by WB (Fig?5E). Ser163 mutation strongly reduced the recruitment of -Arr1 to the TCR (Fig?5E), thus demonstrating that phosphorylation of this residue is required for this conversation. In addition, immunoblotting with the pan-PKC substrate-specific antibody showed a strong reduction of -Arr1 phosphorylation, further confirming the identity of PKC as the kinase that phosphorylates -Arr1 in TCR-stimulated T cells. Overall, our.
Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary document 1: Move Term annotation of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results. primary promoter complexes might provide a key system to lock in and maintain specific transcriptional programs in terminally differentiated cell types. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02559.001 a group of five TAF paralogs (No hitter/TAF4; Cannonball/TAF5; Meiois I arrest/TAF6; Spermatocyte arrest/TAF8; and Ryan express/TAF12) all play specific functions in spermatogenesis (Hiller et al., 2004; Chen et al., 2005). Similarly, another orphan TAF, TAF7L, cooperates with TBP-related factor 2 (TRF2) Thymidine to regulate spermatogenesis in mice (Cheng et al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2013a). Tissue-specific functions of TAF7L were also found in adipocytes where it acts in Thymidine conjunction with PPAR to control the transcription necessary for adipogenesis (Zhou et al., 2013b). In mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, TAF3 pairs up with CTCF to drive the expression of endoderm specific genes while in myoblasts TAF3 works with TRF3 in the differentiation of myotubes (Deato and Tjian, 2007; Liu et al., 2011). Collectively these experiments suggest that combinations of different subunits of the multi-protein core promoter factors can be enlisted to participate in gene- and tissue-specific regulatory functions. Thus, mouse ES cells Thymidine and other progenitor cells very likely have quite different requirements for such factors compared to terminally differentiated mature cell-types. Dissecting the various diversified mechanisms that control gene transcription in terminally differentiated cells should contribute to our still rudimentary understanding of the gene regulatory processes that modulate homeostasis in somatic cells and those that could lead to degeneration of adult tissue in disease says. A more detailed analysis of these critical molecular mechanisms may also help improve new strategies to achieve efficient cellular reprogramming and stem cell differentiation. Despite emerging evidence for unexpected activities carried out by core promoter factors in various cellular differentiation pathways, little was known about their potential involvement in the formation of neurons during embryogenesis. In this study we explore whether TAFs or other core promoter recognition factors become involved in neuronal particular features to modify the appearance of neuronal genes. To handle Thymidine this issue we utilized an in vitro differentiation process to stimulate murine Ha sido cells to create spinal cord electric motor neurons (MN), which control muscle tissue movement. Lack of electric motor neurons provides rise to damaging illnesses, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (evaluated by Robberecht and Philips, 2013). Therefore, electric motor neurons have already been the concentrate of intense research and several crucial traditional sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription elements regulating the appearance of electric motor neuron-specific genes have already been identified (evaluated by di Sanguinetto et al., 2008; Kanning et al., 2010). Nevertheless, there is scant information about the function, if any, of primary promoter elements in directing the network of gene transcription essential to type neurons. Within this report, we’ve mixed genomics, biochemical assays, and gene knockout ways of dissect the transcriptional system used to create electric motor neurons from murine Ha sido cells in Thymidine vitro aswell concerning uncover book in vivo neuronal-specific adjustments in primary promoter factor participation and previously undetected co-activator features. Results TAF9B is certainly up-regulated upon neuronal differentiation To examine if the expression of varied the different parts of the primary promoter recognition complicated adjustments upon neuronal differentiation, we induced Ha sido cells to create electric motor neurons using retinoic acidity (RA) as well as the smoothened agonist SAG as referred to previously (Wichterle et al., 2002). We verified the era of electric motor neurons in embryoid physiques (EBs) by immunostaining for electric motor neuron-specific markers LHX3 and ISL1/2 (Body 1A) aswell as by RNA-seq evaluation (Body 1figure health supplement 1A). To acquire enriched populations of electric motor neurons, we differentiated a murine Ha sido cell line formulated with a electric motor neuron-specific promoter (however, not the progenitor cell markers and (Body 1figure health supplement 1C). We following dissected spinal-cord tissues from newborn mice and performed RNA-seq to measure in vivo appearance levels and evaluate these to those noticed for mouse Ha sido cells in lifestyle. Needlessly to say, most subunits of TFIID in newborn Rela spinal-cord are portrayed at lower amounts than in mouse Ha sido cells, while.
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are made to recognize and bind to two different antigens or epitopes. on the various BsAb types currently being analyzed in the context of B-cell malignancies, on ongoing clinical trials and on the clinical concerns to be taken into account in the development of new BsAbs. activated T-cells161CrossMabRocheExchange of either the constant domain, variable domains or the whole Fab fragmentYesElectrostatic steeringCrossover of an existing fragment without the need for the identification of common light chainsFc part without effector functionAlmost natural, full-sized humanized IgG1 antibodyNot immunogenic, also applied to 2 + 1 and 2 + 2 types162, 163Veloci-BiRegeneronCommon light chain approach combined with mutation of protein A binding site for improved purificationNoSelection of correct heterodimers by Protein A affinity chromatography using a new protein A resinUse of heavy chains that employ identical light chainFc part without effector functionRecombinant production, purification enables identification of correct heterodimersNot immunogenic164SEEDbodiesSpecific pairing through the design of alternating segments from human IgA and IgGNoStrand-exchange designed domain name: interdigitating -strand segments of individual IgG and IgA CH3 domainsAdditional anatomist for appropriate heavy-to-light string pairingFc component without effector functionRecombinant productionSEEDbodies assure appropriate Heavy string pairing, but extra anatomist of light stores can be required165BiclonicsMerusCharge pairs in the CH3 that favour heterodimerizationNoIntroduction of billed residues at different positions inside the Fc partFab fragment comprising common light string fragmentsFc component without effector functionVH genes cloned in the backbone IgG1; Recombinant creation of complete IgG/166, 167XmAbXencorTypically, scFv fused to 1 Fc rather than Fab fragment to allow bispecificityYesSet of minimal and precise adjustments towards the Fc area leading improved heterodimerization Improved purification procedureDifferent forms can be found: Fab or ScFVFc component without effector functionRecombinant creation and purification by Flumatinib mesylate l proteins A affinity chromatographyFull-sized humanized IgG1 Ab, nearly identical to natural Ab (related structure and sequence)168DuobodyGenmabControlled Fab-arm exchange (cFAE) from two parent homodimeric antibodiesYesFc silent mutationsSeparate manifestation and purification of the 2 2 component antibodies followed by assembly into BsIgGFc activity can be retained or silenced depending on the characteristics desiredAlmost natural, full-sized humanized IgG1 antibodyFull-sized humanized IgG1 Ab, minimal modifications to the native Ab structure169TriFAb (Trifunctional Ab)TRIONProduced from two half antibodies from parental mouse IgG2a and rat IgG2b isotypesNo/Varieties?restricted weighty/light chain pairingFc part with effector functionProduced using the quadroma technology and captured by protein A affinity chromatographyTrifunctional Highly immunogenic and harmful (CRS)170 Open in a separate window Open in a separate window FIGURE 1 BsAb formats analyzed for hematological B-cell malignancies (A), BiTE (Tandem scFvs); (B) DART; (C) TandAb (Tandem diabodies); (D) BAT; (E) TDB: Xmab (scFv-Fab IgG); (F) TCB: CrossMAb; (G) TDB: DuoBody; (H) TriFAb (Rat-mouse cross IgG). The different antibody domains are as follows: green, variable region of weighty chain 1 (VH 1); reddish, variable region of weighty chain 2 (VH 2); yellow, variable region of light chain 1 (VL 1); pink, Flumatinib mesylate variable region of light chain 2 (VL 2); light purple, constant region of light rat chain; dark purple, weighty chain of immunoglobulin G2b (IgG2b); light blue and light gray, constant regions of light mouse chain; dark blue and dark gray, weighty chains Rabbit Polyclonal to mGluR4 of mouse IgG2b; turquoise circles, Knob-in-Hole (KiH) BiTE, bispecific T-cell engager; DART, dual-affinity re-targeting; Fab, Fab region; S, disulfure; scFv, single-chain variable fragment; TandAb, tandem diabody; TDB, T-cell-dependent bispecific antibody; TriFAb, trifunctional antibody, triomab. TABLE 2 Ab Types utilized for hematological cancers: Bispecific antibodies with solitary Flumatinib mesylate chain types. half-life (8) and activates several immune Flumatinib mesylate cells. When its effector functions are managed, this Fc region will induce Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by recruiting NK-cells and/or macrophages and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) by binding the match (4, 8). Preferably, CD3-focusing on BsAbs require the complete suppression of the Fc-mediated effector functions in order to maximize therapeutic efficacy and to minimize off-target toxicity because binding of Fc to Fc gamma receptor (FcR) prospects to activation of immune effector cells. In reality, the majority of the CD3-focusing on BsAbs, currently in clinical practice, possess Fc domains with reduced binding activity to FcR or are BsAb fragments intentionally without the Fc region (9). However, IgG-like BsAbs composed of two different weighty chains and two different light chains are difficult to produce..
The discovery of graphene and following verification of its exclusive properties possess aroused great research interest to exploit varied graphene\analogous 2D nanomaterials with fascinating physicochemical properties. 2D materials systems. Finally, the existing research position and faced issues are discussed correctly and many perspectives are elaborately directed at accelerate the logical fabrication of assorted and talented 2D hybrids. overlayersHydrolytic deposition of AlOlayers through the use Phosphoramidon Disodium Salt of trimethylaluminum within a Cambridge NanoTech reactorFETHigh on/off proportion (103) and great Phosphoramidon Disodium Salt flexibility (100 cm2 V?1 s?1) for in least 14 days 194 BPAg NPsCovalent linkage of Ag NPs on BP nanosheets by chemical substance reduced amount of AgNO3 Photocatalytic degradationAn improvement up to 20\fold in photodegradation of RhB in comparison to pristine BP nanosheets 198 BPTiO2 Hydrolytic creation of TiO2 in BP\dispersed alternative through the use of titanium isopropoxidePhotocatalytic degradationHigh maintenance of photoactivity in 92% in photodegradation of RhB after 15 works 199 BPZn0.5Cd0.5SSonication and centrifugation of mixed Zn0.5Cd0.bP and 5S in absolute ethanolHERHigh H2 creation price of 137.17 mmol g?1 h?1, 5 situations higher than Zn0.5Cd0.5S 202 BPBiVO4 Electrostatic assembly of BiVO4 nanosheets on BP nanosheetsPhotocatalytic water splittingIncreased photocurrent by 4.5 and 2.6 times compared with pure BP and BiVO4 to produce H2 and O2 at 160 and 102 mmol g?1 h?1 203 BPZnO nanowiresMechanical exfoliation and transfer of BP bedding onto an already\prepared ZnO nanowirePhotodetectorA high on/off percentage of 104 in static rectification 209 CoONiThermal exchange of ZnO nanosheets with cobalt chloride and nickel chloride inside a furnace under nitrogenZincCair batteryHigh discharge maximum power density at 377 mW cm?2, small chargeCdischarge voltage of 0.63 V, stable working for >400 h at 5 mA cm?2 221 V: Interspecies hybridization of different 2D nanomaterialsMoS2 GrapheneGelation, reduction and self\assembly of mixed MoS2 and GO nanosheets into a 3D porous structureLi+ batteryReversible capacity of 800 mA h g?1 at a current denseness of 100 mA g?1, and no capacity drop over 500 charge/discharge cycles at a current denseness of 400 mA g?1 240 MoS2 GrapheneMicroscope\aided transfer of graphene onto MoS2 nanosheetsPhotodetectorHigh responsivity at 1 1010 A W?1 at 130 K and 5 108 A W?1 at space temperature 244 MoS2 GrapheneHydrothermal treatment of sodium molybdate and GO Phosphoramidon Disodium Salt assisted by L\cysteine followed by annealing in H2/N2 Li+ batteryHighest specific capacity of 1100 mA h g?1 at a present of 100 mA g?1 246 MoSe2 GrapheneAlternative drop\casting MoSe2 flakes and graphene on substratesHERHigh cathodic current density of 10 mA cm?2 at overpotential of 100 mV and high exchange current denseness of 0.203 A cm?2 241 MoS2 g\C3N4 Ultrasonication\assisted coupling of MoS2 nanosheets into C3N4 Photocatalytic degradationPhotodegradation rate of RhB as high Rabbit Polyclonal to CRHR2 as 0.301 min?1, 3.6 times higher than that of bare C3N4 252 MoS2 BPMechanical exfoliation of BP sheets onto CVD\grown MoS2 monolayerPhotodetectorHighest photodetection responsivity of 418 mA W?1, 100 instances higher than additional BP phototransistors and 26 instances higher than WSe2 pCn diodes 254 MoS2 BPMicroscope\assisted transfer of MoS2 sheet onto BP sheet to form a heterojunction in overlapped regionPhotodetectorFast microsecond response with the photoresponsivities of 22.3 and 0.1534 A W?1 at 532 nm and 1.55 m, respectively 255 Grapheneg\C3N4 Vacuum filtration approach to fabricate a flexible 3D cross filmHERHigh exchange current density of 0.43 mA cm?2 and good durability without lack of activity >5000 cycles 263 Grapheneg\C3N4 Level\by\layer set up of graphene and g\C3N4 Chemical substance sensorSelective recognition of Zero2 only 100 ppb without light irradiation, and SO2 using a recognition limit of 2 ppm under UV light irradiation 264 Grapheneg\C3N4, CdS nanorodsUltrasonication\assisted development of ternary CdS nanorods, g\C3N4 and RGO H2 creation price of 4800 mmol g nanosheetsHERHigh?1 h?1, 44, 11, and 2.5 times greater than those for C3N4, C3N4/CdS and C3N4/RGO, respectively 266 GrapheneMoO3 Thermal annealing of Mo\MOFs blended with GO nanosheetsSupercapacitorSpecific capacitance of 404 F g?1 at 0.5 A g?1 and a capacitance retention of 80% after 5000 cycles in 2 A g?1, comparable with other supercapacitors 267 GrapheneBPSelf\set up of BPCgraphene sandwich framework within an argon\loaded glove boxNa+ batteryHigh particular capability of 2440 mA h g?1 in a current thickness of 0.05 A g?1 with 83% capacity maintained following operating for 100 cycles 269 Open up in another screen 3.1. Component Doping with Ions and Atoms The intrinsic properties of TMDs are generally dependant on their atomic buildings and imperfects in crystals, which makes the component doping into nanosheets extremely simple to tune their digital and optical properties via the transformation in band position, and/or endow magnetic features via the launch of special components.53 Among the most investigated.
Background In Oman, the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) infection is 5. DNA positive. 126 (12.6%) had anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), of whom fifty-two (5.2%) were HCV RNA positive. non-e of the sufferers got positive serology for HIV. A standard liver organ was noticed on stomach ultrasound in 788 (78.8%) sufferers, whereas 208 (20.8%) had hepatomegaly, and 4 (0.4%) had liver organ cirrhosis. Thirty-six (3.6%) sufferers died, however in only two sufferers, the mortality was because of cirrhosis of liver organ. Conclusions This research provides the initial comprehensive data in the prevalence of HBV and HCV attacks among Omani SCD sufferers exposed to bloodstream transfusions. Reassuringly, simply no whole case with HIV was observed. Keywords: Prevalence, Hepatitis, HBV, HCV, HIV, Infections Launch Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is Bmp10 certainly a monogenic disorder seen as a a mutation in the beta-globin gene, where glutamic acidity is changed by valine, leading to the polymerization of development and Hb of Hb S, with many damaging clinical manifestations.1C2 It isn’t just impacting red cells but changing into multi-system involvement also. Even though the mutation of the sickle gene originated in the African continent, it is now a world-wide disorder.2,3 SCD is highly prevalent in Oman, with Ornidazole Levo- the reported incidence of sickle trait close to 6% of the population.4C6 The most common complications of SCD are recurrent vaso-occlusive crises, predisposition to significant anemia, acute chest syndrome and recurrent infections.7,8 Blood transfusion therapy is one of the established therapies commonly used in the management of SCD-related complications, including stroke, ACS, priapism, pregnancy-related complications, and symptomatic anemia.9 Unfortunately, such transfusions increase the risk of exposure to bloodborne infections like hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and immune deficiency virus (HIV). Chronic viral hepatitis is usually a major global public health problem because of its association with increased morbidity and mortality related to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.10 In 2015, WHO Global hepatitis report explains the global and regional estimates of viral hepatitis with an estimated 257 million people living with chronic HBV infection and 71 million people with chronic HCV infection.11 The report also addresses mortality due to these infections, with viral hepatitis causing 1.34 million deaths in 2015, a number comparable to deaths caused by tuberculosis, but higher than those caused by HIV. However, the number of deaths due to viral hepatitis is usually steadily increasing over time, while mortality due to tuberculosis and HIV is usually declining.12 SCD patients are at high risk for transfusion-associated infections such as HBV, HCV, and HIV. The prevalence of these infections in SCD has been studied worldwide. In Mexico, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV in multi-transfused patients was 7%, 13.7%, and 1.7%, respectively13. In Turkey between 1996 to 2005, HBsAg positivity was found to be Ornidazole Levo- 0.79% whereas, anti-HCV antibody positivity was 4.51%, but no HIV infections were observed among multi-transfused patients.14 In comparison, Oman is usually a country with an intermediate prevalence of HBV carriers (2.8C7.1%), reported by a retrospective study conducted in 2010 2010, with a prevalence rate of 5.8% for HBV infection.15 Further, among the entire resident population in Oman, anti-HCV antibody positivity was reported to be 0.41%.16 The WHO classifies Oman as having a low HIV prevalence, with total of 2917 HIV/AIDS infections among Omanis that were notified until end of 2017 with 1606 patients still being alive.17 Thus, despite the high prevalence of SCD in Oman, there is no data around the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV in these patients. We, therefore, conducted this Ornidazole Levo- retrospective study using electronic medical records to estimate the prevalence of these infections and study its impact on morbidity and mortality. Methods and Materials That is a retrospective cross-sectional research performed in sufferers with SCD, admitted to your medical center between 2011 to 2017, and data is certainly extracted from the digital sufferers information (EPR). Among a complete of 1012 EPR information which were retrieved, twelve sufferers had been excluded from the ultimate evaluation as their data was imperfect. The details extracted from the EPR information included: age, medical diagnosis, frequency of bloodstream transfusion, lab markers for hepatitis B including surface area antibody (anti-HBs), hepatitis B surface area antigen (HbsAg), anti-hepatitis B IgM (anti-HBc IgM), hepatitis B primary total antibodies (total anti-HBc), hepatitis B polymerase string response (HBV DNA), hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-antibody (anti-HBe), anti-hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV), hepatitis C polymerase string response (HCV RNA), hepatitis C genotype (HCV Genotype), HIV. Radiological data included abdominal liver organ ultrasound study leads to assess for cirrhosis and hepatomegaly from the liver organ. The regularity of bloodstream transfusions was grouped into four groupings; never (no bloodstream transfusion), periodic (significantly less than 2 times per.
Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary information. mineral metabolism (Ca/Pi), which as reported lead to vascular osteogenesis and mineralization16,17. However, more studies are required to explain the obvious mechanisms of action by which extra exogenous Vit D promotes AMC under conditions. It has been reported that a common mechanistic pathway that can regulate the arterial medial calcification entails the substantial increase in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the vascular interstitial space, especially, the small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) or exosomes (40C100 or to 140?nm in size). Such sEVs are in particular released and created from arterial SMCs18C20. Although, the mechanisms mediating sEV release and consequent AMC is unknown still. You’ll find so many studies which confirmed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) SAR7334 result from different subcellular membrane compartments and so are released in to the interstitial space, regulator of cell-to-cell marketing communications or signaling. Not the same as various other EVs, sEV/exosomes are produced through the endocytic procedure and released from intracellular multivesicular systems (MVBs) via an energetic procedure. EVs or exosomes have already been extensively studied because of their biogenesis and related function in cell-to-cell conversation and in the pathogenesis of different illnesses including cardiovascular illnesses21,22. In individual VSMCs, recent research uncovered that exosomes are comes from a subset lately endosomal area, MVBs18. Like matrix vesicles (MVs) from bone tissue cells, exosomes from mineralized SMCs are characterized as little electron thick spherical nanoparticles (50C200?nm) made up of calcium mineral and phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as the membrane protein annexins23. Recent research have got indicated that Mouse monoclonal antibody to TAB1. The protein encoded by this gene was identified as a regulator of the MAP kinase kinase kinaseMAP3K7/TAK1, which is known to mediate various intracellular signaling pathways, such asthose induced by TGF beta, interleukin 1, and WNT-1. This protein interacts and thus activatesTAK1 kinase. It has been shown that the C-terminal portion of this protein is sufficient for bindingand activation of TAK1, while a portion of the N-terminus acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor ofTGF beta, suggesting that this protein may function as a mediator between TGF beta receptorsand TAK1. This protein can also interact with and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase14 (MAPK14/p38alpha), and thus represents an alternative activation pathway, in addition to theMAPKK pathways, which contributes to the biological responses of MAPK14 to various stimuli.Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported200587 TAB1(N-terminus) Mouse mAbTel+86- sphingolipid-mediated signaling performs a crucial function in the legislation of MVs secretion and vascular calcification. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3, natural sphingomyelinase) activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements in artificial VSMCs resulted in MVB trafficking and raised exosome secretion18, and ceramide (CER) SAR7334 produced from SMPD3 sets off budding of sEV into multivesicular endosomes24. In this respect, lysosome-mediated autophagic flux continues to be reported to look for the destiny of MVBs, managing SAR7334 the discharge of sEVs25 thereby. In individual arterial SMCs, 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC)-induced oxidative tension triggered scarcity of autophagosome and lysosome fusion, which promotes vascular calcification26. Dai floxed mice (and transgene of Cre were verified by PCR analysis. As demonstrated in Supplementary Fig.?S1A, gene. gene (585?bp), but no Cre (758?bp). WT/WT (gene?(482 bp), but not floxed and Cre gene. Cre-mediated SM-specific recombination was also validated by breeding the imaging in mouse and in the dissected heart and aorta (Supplementary Fig.?S1B). In addition, ZEG mice also carry a floxed lacZ gene with CMV promoter for continuous manifestation of -galactosidase (lacZ product). Cre excision of LacZ gene in gene was erased in arterial SMCs of gene deletion in SMCs prospects to AMC, we used gene deletion in SMCs markedly augmented aortic medial calcification relative to their littermates treated with high doses of Vit D (maximal increase in blood calcium level by ~45%). As demonstrated in Fig.?1A,C, both Alizarin Red S and Von Kossa staining showed the aorta of KO mice. Representative images of aortic sections stained by (A) Alizarin Red S (red color) and (C) Von Kossa (black color) staining showed that aorta of gene) contribute to the development of AMC. Representative immunohistochemical images from your aorta and quantitative analysis demonstrates immunostaining of osteogenic markers. (E,F) OSP (brownish stain) and (G,H) RUNX2 (brownish stain) significantly improved in the aortic press of Vit D-treated gene deletion significantly enhanced the phenotypic transition to osteogenic status (Fig.?1F,H). Coronary AMC and clean muscle phenotype changes in the coronary arterial wall of gene deletion was associated with improved AMC in KO mice. Representative images of coronary artery sections stained by (A) Alizarin Red SAR7334 S (red color) and (C) Von Kossa (black color) staining to visualize calcification in the coronary arterial press. (B,D) Pub graphs display significant increase in AMC due to gene deletion in gene deletion induced phenotypic transition in arterial medial SMCs. Clean muscle mass cell (SM); Osteopontin (OSP); Runt-related transcription element 2 (RUNX2). Data are demonstrated as means??SEM, (n?=?5). *P?0.05 vs. WT/WT Vehl; #P?0.05 vs. WT/WT Vit D group by two-way ANOVA followed by Duncans test. Reduced lysosome-MVBs relationships and improved sEV markers in the arterial medial wall of Vit D -treated SM-specific KO mice Given the part of sEVs or microvesicles in the development of cells calcification, we investigated whether SM-specific gene deletion alters lysosome-MVB fusion which led to launch of sEVs in AMC. Sphingolipids such as CER or its metabolites are reported to participate in sEV biogenesis, sorting intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) into MVBs, membrane budding.
Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Materials: Supplementary Amount 1: Aftereffect of JPYS in liver organ function in CKD rats. variables, including red bloodstream cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. In parallel, the decrease degree of EPO was reversed by JPYS. Furthermore, JPYS induced the deposition of hypoxia inducible aspect (HIF)-protein appearance. Collectively, these Lodenafil total outcomes offer convincing proof for JPYS decoction in ameliorating CKD-associated anemia, and Lodenafil its own system could be linked to regulate EPO production via HIF signaling pathway. 1. Launch Renal anemia is normally a common problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) . A member of family scarcity of erythropoietin (EPO) creation may be the central trigger that renal anemia grows . Recombinant individual EPO (rHuEPO) and erythropoiesis-stimulating realtors (ESAs) are getting applied to appropriate anemia in sufferers with CKD . Nevertheless, within the last 10 years, the ESA treatment-related harms, including elevated mortality, cardiovascular occasions, and cancer development, have elevated our problems and stimulated research workers’ Lodenafil interest to find alternative therapeutic strategies [4, 5]. Traditional Chinese language medication (TCM) continues to be trusted in China and the areas for decades, which has been considered as an alternative medicinal purpose for a wide range of diseases, including the prevention and treatment of CKD and its connected complications, i.e., anemia [6C8]. Consequently, TCM is definitely of great interest for being developed like a potential drug for treatment of CKD anemia. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS), a Chinese herbal decoction, consists of Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Cistanches Herba, and additional four ingredients. JPYS continues to be recommended to sufferers with Lodenafil CKD linked anemia Lodenafil for many years medically, as it is normally thought to contain the efficacies of fortifying the spleen, tonifying the kidney, activating bloodstream, and resolving stasis. Prior pharmacological studies have got backed that JPYS can improve renal function and kidney damage in CKD rats [9C11] and will stimulate the transcriptional appearance of EPO in cultured kidney HEK293T cells . Besides, the remove of Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma deriving from JPYS also offers been discovered to ameliorate adenine-induced CKD rats . These results confirm the helpful function of JPYS for treatment of CKD anemia. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of JPYS in treating renal anemia must be further studied still. The breakthrough of hypoxia-inducible aspect (HIF) pathway in managing EPO gene transcription continues to be seen as a book base that stimulates endogenous EPO creation to market physiologic erythropoietic response [14, 15]. Hence, HIF activation and elevated creation of endogenous EPO can be handy for therapeutic signs and manipulated for the treating renal anemia in CKD. Acquiring jointly, we speculate that JPYS could ameliorate renal anemia in CKD rats by concentrating on HIF-mediated EPO appearance pathway. In this scholarly study, the improvement of anemia in CKD rats by JPYS treatment as well as the participation of HIF signaling in JPYS-treated rats, including renal features, hematological variables, and EPO concentrations, aswell as HIF activation, had been investigated. 2. Methods and Rabbit Polyclonal to NRIP2 Materials 2.1. Planning of JPYS Remove JPYS remove was prepared seeing that described  previously. In brief, eight herbal remedies of JPYS had been extracted and weighed in boiling drinking water twice for one hour. After centrifugation, the supernatant was dried out under decreased pressure to natural powder, and it had been kept at -80C. Prior to the treatment, the natural powder was redissolved with Milli-Q drinking water and vortexed at area heat range. 2.2. Pets Man Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, eight weeks previous, had been bought from Guangdong Medical Lab Animal Middle (Foshan, China) and preserved in a particular pathogen-free (SPF) animal facility under a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. Rodent food and drinking water were offered freely. All experiments were performed with protocols authorized by the Institutional Animal Care Use Committee of Guangzhou University or college of Chinese Medicine and in accordance with National Institutes of Health Guideline for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publications No..
Supplementary Materialssupplementary infomation 41598_2019_43675_MOESM1_ESM. analysis with this mechanism suggests that more effective PDE activation in disk membranes is highly dependent on the membrane environment. strong class=”kwd-title” Subject terms: Enzyme mechanisms, Retina Introduction In the vertebrate photoreceptors, an enzymatic cascade, the phototransduction cascade, is responsible for generation of a light response1,2. Briefly, after absorption of light, light-activated visual pigment catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the subunit of transducin (T) to produce a GTP-bound active form of transducin (T*). T* then activates cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). PDE is a heterotetrameric protein composed of two catalytic subunits of similar amino acid sequence (PDE and PDE showing 70% sequence identity) and two inhibitory subunits (PDE), and therefore is in the form of PDE. (We call this form of holo-PDE just PDE for simplicity.) Each catalytic subunit has an active site to hydrolyze cGMP to GMP. T* binds to inhibitory PDE, and relieves its constraint on the active site in the catalytic subunit. This activation of PDE causes hydrolysis of cGMP, leads to closure of cGMP-gated cation channels situated in the plasma membrane of the outer segment, and induces a hyperpolarization of the cell. In the activation process of PDE by T*, it is widely believed that T* directly binds to PDE still bound to the catalytic subunit, and displaces or gets rid of PDE through the energetic site of the catalytic subunit3,4. Nevertheless, this mechanism appears to be challenging predicated on the latest structural studies for the PDEPDE complicated as well as the PDET* complicated: a lot of the amino acidity residues in the C-terminal area of PDE, from Asp-63 to Ile-87, are in touch with T*5, and almost the same region, from Leu-60 to Ile-87 in PDE, is in contact with the catalytic site of PDE or PDE6. These observations suggest that PDE utilizes the same region to bind to T* and to the catalytic site of PDE or PDE, and that T* GSK 269962 and the catalytic subunit cannot bind to this region simultaneously. These considerations led us to examine a novel mechanism of PDE activation in vertebrate photoreceptors (Fig.?1). In the conventional activation mechanism (Fig.?1a), T* binds to PDE (P) still bound to the catalytic subunit (Pcat), and displaces (a1 in Fig.?1a) AMH or removes PDE (a2) from the catalytic subunit to activate PDE. (We assume that PDE and PDE behave indistinguishably, and call GSK 269962 either of them PDEcat in the following.) In the novel mechanism (Fig.?1b), PDE is freed from PDEcat reversibly according to the dissociation constant of KD1 of the complex of PDEPDEcat. T* then traps freed PDE with the dissociation constant of KD2 of the GSK 269962 complex of PDET* to activated PDE (trapping mechanism). In the present study, therefore, we determined KD1 and KD2, and examined whether one can explain PDE activation at various concentrations of T* using an equation formulated for the trapping mechanism. The result reasonably explained PDE activation caused by addition of various concentrations of T* in solution. Open in a separate window Figure 1 Possible PDE activation mechanisms. (a) Conventional mechanism. In the inactive state of PDE (purple), PDE (P) binds to the PDE catalytic subunit (PDE or , indicated as Pcat) at the binding site on the catalytic subunit (yellow oval). Activated T (T*) binds to PDE to displace (a1) and/or remove PDE (a2) from the catalytic subunit to activate PDE (pale red). (b) Trapping mechanism. PDE is bound?to the catalytic site of PDE (yellow oval) with the binding site in PDE (pink oval), but PDE is freed reversibly from the catalytic subunit according to the dissociation constant, KD1 (upper). This freed PDE is trapped by T* with the dissociation constant, KD2, at the binding site of PDE (pink oval) to T* (yellow rectangular) to inhibit re-binding of PDE to the catalytic subunit (lower). Results Much more effective binding of T-S* to free PDE than to PDE still bound.


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Two scholars spent the better part of an afternoon in a local Portland Starbucks arguing over the theories of Evolution versus Creationism. Getting nowhere, they took the advice of the Chinese guy working there and decided to drive to the beach near Astoria and visit a sage named Chung Lee who reputedly had the answers.
The following morning they left the city and headed west towards the ocean. Upon arrival, they spotted his small, weather-beaten cottage hidden alone among the coastal dunes, parked off the highway, and walked the short distance to its front stoop. Finding the cottage empty they began to search around for a sign of old Mr. Lee. One spotted the old sage sitting on the high dune facing out to sea.
The two made their way through the sand towards him. Upon approaching they stopped. The old man who had heard them coming, turned, directed his eyes upon them, and asked, “Where’s the coffee?”
The two became puzzled. “Sir, One said. We were told you could help us with the greatest philosophical dilemma of our age . . . perhaps even give us some insight into the conflicting theories.”
“Yes, of course.” Chung Lee answered. “But go now, next time you come, bring me a cup of Starbucks coffee, then we will speak of your theories.”
Early the following morning they checked out of their motel room and returned to the hill. One carried a large cup of Starbucks coffee that he’d purchased in town. After greetings, he handed the old sage the still-hot coffee and sat in the sand beside his friend. They opened their portfolios, each anticipating a quick and decisive victory.
Chung Lee, while sipping his coffee, quickly went over each theory. He handed the papers back, looked out to sea, and finished the coffee before he began to speak.
“The two theories of which you speak are mere disciplines, and although seemingly opposing views, upon deeper reflection they are one and the same. The difference lies in your interpretation and in your desire to understand the mystery. But alas, the mystery cannot be contained within a theory, so you are both beating your learned heads against a brick wall.”
Going on he said. “Each theory is merely a doorway, and theory can never explain the goings-on within the room. You need theory to find the doorway, but once opened this very same discipline becomes your stumbling block. Theory will never reveal the truth, only the pathway to it.
The two looked at each other, excused themselves, and walked back to the car.
“This is a wise man?” One asked the other. “ He sends us for coffee, then he comes up with this gibberish?”
“Yes, it is strange,” answered Two. “Yet his reputation is such that there has to be something we are missing. Let’s give him a chance to prove himself.”
The two went back to where the old man was sitting. “Sir, excuse us, but neither one of us understands. What are we missing?”
The old man held up the empty cup. “This cup will always contain a mystery, but as you smell of it, sip of it, and enjoy the taste of it, you one day realize you don’t really care HOW Starbucks made such a good cup of coffee, you are just glad they did. And thanks be to the mystery, as long as there are people like you seeking to understand it, I will never have to worry about getting my morning cup of coffee.”
The old man dismissed them with a smile and returned his gaze to the sea.

domain: literature


The sour gum tree is a beautiful shade tree with fire-engine red fall foliage. Native to the eastern United States, it is a favorite plant of bees. This water-loving plant is also known as tupelo, pepperidge, and black gum tree. Sour gum grows pyramidally in youth but with maturity forms an irregularly rounded crown. With cultivation, it grows to about 25 feet by age 30. One of the first trees to show color in fall, sour gum tree's glossy green leaves turn scarlet. Its bitter, fleshy, blue-black fruit is favored by bears and birds and follows pollination of female trees. Older trees have dark, blocky-textured bark.
How to grow: Moist, acidic soil is required. This tree needs protection from the wind, and light shade will decrease its spectacular show of autumn leaves. For best performance, transplant in spring, using local stock. Tap-rooted sour gum transplants poorly unless balled-and-burlapped or container-grown are used.
Uses: Sour gum is used as a specimen, shade, or street tree and is also naturalized or used in mass plantings.
Scientific name: Nyssa sylvatica
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Best book for girls about to start high school! This book was really hard to put down – the setting is very contemporary with lots of appeal for young people. I read this book out loud to my reluctant 12-year old daughter, and she begged for “one more chapter” every night. It sparked some great conversations about everyday life experiences – how friendships change, staying true to yourself, even the tricky world of texting and snapchat. I’ve recommended it to all my mom friends with daughters about to start high school. We borrowed the ebook from the library, but since then my daughter wants a copy of her own to keep and reread. This is a stand-alone book, not part of a series, but there are other great books by the same author. This author has really captured something special – I feel like I got inside the head of a young teenager and was better able to understand their joys and challenges. Not too preachy. Not too sugar-coated or scary. Just right. (Submitted by Sara)
Borrow a copy from your local Surrey Libraries branch!
An eBook version is also available.
As a fan of biographies, I was thrilled to discover this book that details both the lives of eighteenth century writer, philosopher, and advocate of women’s rights Mary Wollstonecraft, and her daughter Mary Shelley, author of the classic novel Frankenstein. Romantic Outlaws reads like a gripping historical fiction as the remarkable storyteller and historian, Charlotte Gordon, examines both of the lives of these incredibly influential literary voices. Weaving the lives of these two women in alternating chapters, the reader is provided with a window into the social and political atmosphere of Western Europe during the late eighteenth century as Mary Wollstonecraft experiences both the glory and the terror of the French Revolution, while struggling to promote the equality of the sexes. Gordon simultaneously explores the life of Wollstonecraft’s daughter, Mary, focusing on the romantic relationship between Mary and the great Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Gordon presents the reader with the lives of these women who paved the way for the future of feminism, as the themes that are present in the work of both women are still highly relevant in today’s society where women still struggle for equal representation socially, politically, and economically. This was a riveting read! (Submitted by Sarah)
Borrow an eBook version of Romantic Outlaws now!
Come to Surrey Libraries and get a physical copy of the book

domain: library


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My wife and I walked five of the trails in Algonquin Provincial Park, and this one was perhaps the most unique because of the beaver activity. While we didn't see any beaver (they are nocturnal), it was interesting to see their lodges, dams and ponds. It's a fairly easy 1.2 mile trail, with a number of viewpoints of the beaver activity. Definitely a trail I'd recommend if you have the time.
NOTES: There are free guide books for each trail that you can pick up when you start and drop off at the end of the trail. You will need a park permit to park in the trail parking lot. Finally, BE SURE TO TAKE BUG SPRAY! We had two kinds, a "natural" spray that didn't seem to even phase the mosquitoes, and wipes with 30% Deet that kept them off for the most part. Since we used wipes, we couldn't really do anything for our clothes and the little buggers would bite through your shirt. We were there in mid-June and they were pretty bad; I can't speak for the rest of the year. Just be prepared!
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domain: travel


(f) Use the rotor locking tool to prevent the
(a) Remove starter fan housing assembly (3,
crankshaft from turning. If the impeller (17, fig. 11-22) is
stuck and cannot be turned loose, tap it with a light
weight plastic or leather mallet to break it loose, then
(b) Remove four screws (34 and 35, fig. 11-
spin impeller off the shaft.
22) and lock washers (36) holding pump to the vibration
(g) Remove impeller, seal assembly (16), and
mounts (32) on the pump base (31).
(c) Disconnect muffler bracket (22) from
shims (15) from end of crankshaft.
pump housing (29) by removing two screws (24) and
Determine the number and thickness of
lock washers (23).
(d) Remove four screws (26) securing pump
shims (15) re-moved as an aid to
housing (29) to impeller housing (12). Tap pump
(h) Remove four screws (14) and sealing
housing carefully with a soft mallet to break it loose from
washers (13) securing impeller housing (12) to bearing
the impeller housing. Remove pump housing, two large
housing (7). Remove impeller housing.
gaskets (18), one small gasket (25), and the wear plate
(i) Remove slinger (11) from crankshaft.
(19) from impeller housing.
(e) Connect the fabricated rotor locking tool
(j) Remove five screws
Use two nuts on shouldered studs
seal (9) and needle bearing (8). Remove gasket (6).
Refer to paragraph 11-31f for instructions for removal of
bearing and seal from bearing housing.
Figure 11-16. Using rotor locking tool to hold shaft.


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Both teams come into this game needing a win. The Spartans were 13-3 overall and 5-0 in the Big Ten at one time this season. They led the conference and it didn’t seem like any team was going to catch them. But they have now dropped three-straight games and five out of eight. This is a huge game on the road for Michigan State.
Illinois isn’t exactly hot right now, though. The Illini have now lost two in a row after rambling off seven-straight wins. This puts the Orange and Blue in a tie for second in the Big Ten with Penn State.

domain: sports


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|Size||H 38" x W 30"|
|Tiles per Mural||63|
|Material||Talavera, hand painted|
Frost Proof Quality:
The Talavera Tiles we use for our Frost Proof murals are delicately hand-painted with lead free paint, before an additional layer of red body bisque coating is applied. Our Frost Proof tiles are made slightly thicker than our regular tiles, with a thickness of 0.40". This creates a Frost Proof durability and an enhanced frost-proof quality, suited particularly to outdoor conditions.
We recommend using Frost Proof tiles wherever you are looking for enhanced durability and frost-proof quality.
If, however, you are looking for regular tile murals, please follow this link.
We are happy to produce a Frost Proof tile mural with your very own design and measurements. Just contact us. Let your imagination flow and enjoy your creation!
Note: Please remember that handmade crafts are not consistent in their dimensions due to the nature of being crafted by hand and a half inch variance should be allowed for in all planning and designing. Especially hand painted items will also have slight variations in the artistic implementation- that is what makes them so unique and charming.
Mr. Norberto Cortes
Mr. Cortes' family has been crafting Mexican Talavera high relief tiles for three generations, specializing in superior frost-proof Talavera tiles. His attention to quality and dedication to improving his methods to achieve higher resistant tiles, has earned him a reputation for high quality and durable tiles.
Norberto's work has being recognized with several awards such as the 'Arch of Europe Gold Star for Quality' and the Brazilian 'Medalha de Ouro' and is proud of his fine work:
"The legacy of deep Spanish roots and Moorish style blend with natural talent and colour-acuteness in Mexican Craftsmanship, are ever-present attribute in our Talavera Tiles. We manufacture the finest glazed titles for creating finishing details of a unique beauty in any building project. The formula for reaching and maintaining this category consists in using only the best local and imported raw-materials, plus and correct manufacturing process combined with the natural skills of our craftsmen. The manufacturing excellence in Azulejos Talavera Corts is a shining example of World Class Craftsmanship"
Caring for your Mural
A superior tile mural occasionally needs maintenance to revive the natural finish from everyday dust.
Use a non-abrasive household cleaning agent along with a soft, cotton cloth and buff lightly with a soft, dry cloth.
Do not use any agent which contains abrasive chemicals as they may permanently damage the tile mural.
Decorate your life
Superior Talavera tile murals are being used to beautify homes from the entryway walls, to the kitchen decor, enhancing a bathroom atmosphere and gracing the outdoor walls to set a stunning terrace or garden party scene.
With their frost-proof quality they are perfectly suited to create - im combination with natures beauty itself - any flavor you wish in your outdoor area. Just think about a vineyard theme or an image you treasure from your favorite holiday.
Decorate your home
A Superior mural can add its charming qualities to a child's room and create any fantasy world they enjoy. A forest or animal scene, encouraging imaginative play and an awareness of art.
Another enchanting place for a mural is the back splash in the kitchen behind a stove or preparation surface, garnishing cooking with an extra flavor.
You can additionally use deco tiles, also known as accent tiles, which we are happy to produce for you. These are individual tiles which are designed to match and complement the motif of a particular tile mural. You can install them strategically within the balance of tile in a kitchen back splash or shower enclosure to expand the focal point of interest.
Is the superior tile mural frost-proof, can I use it for outdoors?
Yes, our superior tile murals are frost-proof and can be used for outdoor designs. The superior tile used in these murals have an extra coating and are slightly thicker than our regular tiles and, therefore, more durable and frost-proof.
How long will it take to have my order delivered?
Most of the handicrafts we sell are made to order by the artisans after you place your order. The artisans are relatively fast in crafting your item. Since your mural will be hand painted, please allow for up to 10 days for manufacturing.
We deliver each and every order for free within the USA (48 lower states). For our free shipping we rely on FedEx ground which generally takes 4 to 10 business days. Express shipping and international shipping are available; delivery times are usually specified when you receive your shipping quote during the checkout process. Don’t hesitate to contact us for special requirements or additional information.
Please don't hesitate to contact us if you have any further questions. We will be happy to answer them. That will help us as well to keep this section updated and customize it according to your interests and needs.

domain: artistic


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WEATHERFORD — From a WISD press release issued this afternoon:
Weatherford High School Head Football Coach Reid Waller has informed WISD that he will be stepping down from his position effective Dec. 21 in order to pursue other options.
Waller, who currently has 29 years of coaching experience, was the head football coach for the Roos for the past three seasons.
“On behalf of Weatherford ISD, I would like to take this opportunity to thank Coach Waller for his leadership, commitment and dedication to both our students and our school system,” Weatherford ISD Superintendent Jeffrey Hanks said. “He is a people person – and he was a great match for our athletes and our other coaches.”
Waller was hired as head coach for the Roos in June 2010 after former Head Coach Kenny Wheaton announced he was moving to Oklahoma. Wheaton was responsible for bringing Waller to Weatherford and appointed him as the team’s defensive coordinator in 2007.
During his tenure with the Roos, Waller compiled an overall record of 7-23 (including a district mark of 5-16).
“We anticipate having a significant number of qualified applicants for this position,” Hanks added, “and we hope to have this vacancy filled by March 1, 2013.”

domain: news


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Dr. Betti Hertzberg Ressler is a Board Certified Pediatrician on staff at Miami Children's Hospital. Dr. Hertzberg developed the toilet training video "Let's Go Potty." She is the co-author of "The Doctor's Book of Home Remedies for Children."
Scarlet Fever and Strep Throat
Question: My daughter 11, seems to be getting strep throat repeatedly. This will be her third bout in less than 2 months. Can you give me an explanation for this recurrence and what can we do about this? Karen
There are several reasons for repeated Strep Throat. One is antibiotic failure. This could be due to not completing the course of antibiotics as prescribed, or actual antibiotic resistance to the Strep bacteria.
If antibiotic resistance is suspected, the culture will usually be positive even after treatment. Another form of antibiotic can be tried. If the antibiotic was not taken properly, a repeat course is in order. If there is a question of whether or not there exists a "carrier state," a throat culture taken when there are no symptoms will show Strep. There may also be someone in the household who may be a carrier. This has been
documented. Again, usually the carrier has no symptoms.
There are different views on whether or not to treat a "Strep carrier." There are some experts that do not treat the carrier state unless, for example there are immune deficiencies.
Keep in mind that most sore throats are caused by viruses. Having a "Strep throat" is a common expression no matter what the cause. Sore throats caused by viruses are not treated with antibiotics.
Children will, as a rule, be exposed to a greater number of germs at school. Many times it seems that as soon as your child is over one illness, here comes another one!
Also see: My 10 year old daughter is incredibly prone to insect bites. Even when no one else is getting bitten, they seem to go for her! Any suggestions?
My 12 year old daughter experiences difficulty sleeping due to fear of the dark and being alone. Is this normal?
Ask Dr. Betti your questions
This information is not intended to be a substitute for visiting your pediatrician. If you or your child has specific concerns, you should see your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment.

domain: medical


text:
Aging and LASIK Surgery
As our eyesight tends to worsen with age, many wonder if LASIK surgery is a viable option for the elderly compared to the typical contact lens or eyeglass prescription. Here, the aging-in-place and home care specialists at Avila Home Care explain how age and age-related factors can impact LASIK candidacy.
You Must Be 18 Years Old or Older to Receive LASIK
Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis, or LASIK, eye surgery is a refractive surgical procedure that can help most individuals achieve around 20/20 vision. Many individuals considering LASIK surgery to correct their vision do so out of convenience—receiving LASIK reduces the need for contact lenses and eyeglasses and can improve your quality of life with little to no drawbacks. However, age could potentially be a factor in terms of your candidacy.
While there is no upper age limit to receive LASIK surgery, you must be at least 18 years old or older to qualify. Otherwise, the most common age bracket for undergoing LASIK surgery falls between 20 to 40 years old.
Eye Issues Associated With Age May Affect Your Eligibility
As we age, our eyes can become subject to certain age-related vision problems, including presbyopia and cataracts. Presbyopia typically presents itself in individuals in their 40s and 50s and is characterized as the difficulty to see close-up. Patients diagnosed with presbyopia typically consider reading glasses as a solution for their vision problems. Symptoms of cataracts, however, can become present at age 55 or older and is characterized by the clouding of the eye, which can impact vision.
Individuals with signs of presbyopia or cataracts may not qualify for LASIK surgery, as your eyesight may continue to worsen despite corrective surgery. In cases such as these, eyeglasses or contact lenses are typically recommended in addition to other surgical procedures such as refractive lens exchange (RLE) or cataract extraction surgery.
LASIK Candidacy for the Elderly is Granted on a Case-By-Case Basis
While older individuals are at an increased risk for developing age-related eye conditions such as presbyopia or cataracts, this does not mean that all individuals over the age of 40 are ineligible for LASIK. Candidacy for older individuals typically varies on a case-by-case basis, so talk to your doctor if you are interested in receiving LASIK eye surgery but do not fall into the average age range.
Discuss Your Options With a Home Care Specialist at Avila Home Care
Despite the potential that you may be ineligible to receive LASIK surgery due to your age, you should still discuss the possibility of LASIK surgery with an optometrist or opthamologist if you are considering vision correction surgery. If you are above the normal age range for LASIK, but do not experience signs and symptoms of presbyopia, cataracts or other age-related vision problems, you may qualify to receive surgery. The aging-in-place and home care specialists at Avila Home Care want you to be your most healthy and comfortable, and LASIK surgery may be just the solution if you suffer from vision problems that can be corrected with LASIK. While the home care specialists at Avila Home Care recommend speaking to a healthcare professional about the possibility of receiving LASIK surgery, we can assist you in driving to and from the eye doctor and aid you in any shape, way or form in order for you to receive the best at-home care possible. For more information, contact Avila Home Care today!
The holidays are a joyful and busy time, filled with loved ones, presents and decorations—but, those of us who are older and recently retired may be concerned about celebrating the holidays to the fullest, while sticking to a retiree’s budget. Here, the elder care professionals at Avila Home Care detail ways to have a festive…Read More...
Having a full, rich social life may be the key to a positive aging in place experience. Here, the homecare experts at Avila detail ways for seniors to maintain a healthy social life. Why is a Strong Social Life So Important for Seniors? According to the Health Behavior News Service, part of the Center for…Read More...
As we age, life’s stressors can take a toll on our immune system. Therefore, it is important to take all of the necessary steps in order to boost the body’s ability to fight off infection and sickness. Here, the aging-in-place experts at Avila Home Care clarify four essential ways that senior citizens can boost their…Read More...


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Unpregnant (2020) is a movie about two teenagers travelling 996 miles, which is 1602 kilometres, to get a safe and legal abortion. That sentence makes this film sound simple, sad and bland – which is everything that it’s not. Unpregnant changes the away abortions are talked about in mainstream media.
Sprinkled with colourful characters and wildly chaotic events, the movie is better than most teenage chick-flicks one might come across. Based on Jenni Hendriks and Ted Caplan’s young-adult novel of the same name, the movie stars Haley Lu Richardson as Veronica and Barbie Ferriera as Bailey. Veronica is a straight-A high-school senior who’s all set to live out her Ivy League dreams and Bailey is her grungy ex–best friend who’s often on the fringes of the school’s social life.
17 years old and pregnant in a state where abortion is not legal
When Veronica finds out that she’s pregnant, she’s distraught and anxious – as any 17 year old would be – on finding out that the state that she lives, doesn’t permit abortion without parental consent. After trying to knock on several doors, she finally turns to Bailey despite the rough patch that they’ve been going through. Through the course of the road trip, Bailey and Veronica rediscover their once unbreakable bond as they go through obstacle after obstacle trying to get to the abortion clinic.
As fun and young as the movie is, it doesn’t steer away from the underlying issues that it is built around. In fact, the seemingly quirky, and obviously exaggerated, incidents are devices used to make the viewer wonder – what do two seventeen year olds have to go through in order to have access to a safe and legal abortion?
The protagonist in question here is a cis-gendered, straight, white girl with a fairly financially independent family in a country that claims to be the land of the free. The socio-cultural position that she is in is already a lot better than most people seeking abortion. Even after the privilege she holds, she has to travel a thousand miles, literally, to be able to be eligible for a safe and legal abortion.
More than half way through the movie, Veronica has a similar spurt of frustration. She stands on train tracks in the middle of nowhere, screaming about how she should be able to walk into a door and demand an abortion as a basic right, instead of hiding away and having to escape from people who’d make her birth and raise a child. Amidst the rant, Veronica puts forward a wonderful question: “Why do I need permission to have an abortion, but no permission whatsoever to give birth?”
Apart from breaking myths about abortions, the movie also breaks a lot of intersectional barriers like: One, queer representation! Barbie Ferriera plays an openly lesbian character who is out to her mother and confident in her sexuality, as opposed to the quaint, scared teenager battling being different. It draws away from the usual (and rare) media portrayal that fetishises lesbian women. Two, teenage actors playing teenage characters. For the longest time, teenage characters have been played by actors in their mid twenties, with proportionate figures and flawless makeup – setting impossible standards for kids in the real world.
Unpregnant ensures that each and every character casted is an appropriate representation of how diverse people are. Three, tackling the misrepresentation of teens who get pregnant. More often than not, the teens who get pregnant are shown as the ones who are typically considered “spoilt” and “irresponsible”. The movie portrays an ivy-league bound kid with perfect grades and responsibilities being affected by the unfair abortion laws in her state. Four, the post-abortion consequences.
The media portrayal of things that happen after an abortion are dramatically negative. From weirdly gross health issues, to being shunned away from family – movies often don’t consider what could happen in a more real and less reel scenario. The ending shows Veronica’s mom agreeing that she may never understand why Veronica took that step, but that doesn’t change the fact that she’s still her child and immensely loved. This reinforces the fact that having an abortion doesn’t make you and outcast. That people will still be kind to you, and love you for who you are.
Unpregnant tries to change the way the abortion narrative is told, by telling it from the perspective of a person who’s going through it, for a change.
By Harshita Chhatlani
A chai-enthusiast, Harshita is the founder of The Safe Space Project. She is a feminist who believes that the future is intersectional.

domain: sociology


text: Background; Rates of participation in sport decline when students start university. Despite efforts from Sport England (the leading body of sport in the United Kingdom) to attend to this issue through funding behavioral interventions, a significant lack of uptake in sport remains. One explanation for such limited findings could be the lack of psychological theory used in their development. Purpose; These studies sought to provide formative research that could inform the development of a theory-based behavior change intervention. Method; The Theory of Planned Behavior was used to develop questionnaires identifying the modal salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs (study 1) and key belief targets (study 2). Reasons and solutions to these beliefs and potentially effective behavior change techniques (BCTs) were gained from four focus groups (study 3). Results; Seventeen modal salient beliefs were identified (e.g. health benefits), five of which proved to be important predictors of intention (e.g. approval of friends) and two of behavior (e.g. time constraints). Twelve BCTs were identified as offering utility (e.g. self-monitoring). Conclusion; The three formative studies here identified key psychological targets and relevant content to be included within an intervention. Using this information in the development of a theory-based behavior change intervention may yield a greater number of students participating in sport.

domain: psychology


text:
Trying to take on Kim? Kourtney Kardashian is one hot momma as she shows off her enviable legs in statement leather shorts
She may have taken a backseat to her younger sister Kim as they attended a Halloween bash earlier this week.
But Kourtney Kardashian will have no doubt left her sibling green with envy as she ensure all eyes were on her as they stepped out on a lunch date in Miami, Florida, on Thursday.
Showcasing her envy-inducing pins in a pair of jade green leather shorts, the 33-year-old star looked every inch the yummy mummy as she grabbed a bite to eat at Italian restaurant Carpaccio in Bal Harbour.
Yummy mummy: Kourtney Kardashian showed off her incredible pins in a pair of emerald green leather shorts as she grabbed a bite to eat in Miami, Florida, on Thursday
The mother-of-two teamed her stylish shorts with a pretty emerald and white patterned blouse and added height to her diminutive frame in a pair of sexy tan lace-up Christian Louboutin heels.
Kourtney completed her stylish lunchtime look with her brunette locks flowing in loose waves around her shoulders and an obligatory designer handbag in the form of a bright orange Hermes number on her arm.
Accompanied by both Kim and her partner Scott Disick, the trio were enjoying a recovery lunch after partying the night away at Miami's LIV nightclub at a Halloween-themed bash the previous evening.
Fashionista: The 32-year-old star teamed her stylish shorts with an emerald and white blouse and an oversized bright orange Hermes handbag
In contrast to Kourtney's sexy and chic ensemble, Kim, 32, looked relatively dressed-down in a pair of black skinny jeans and a silky gun-metal grey top.
But the First Lady of reality television made sure to grab headlines in her own way by going completely braless, leaving an easy opportunity for accidental exposure.
Meanwhile, Scott - the father of Kourtney's two children, Mason, two, and Penelope, four months - kept it casual in a pair of stone-coloured shorts and a black long-sleeve knit top.
Envy-inducing: Kourtney's shapely legs indicated she has had no problem bouncing back into shape after welcoming baby daugher Penelope into the world four months ago
Lunch date: Kourtney was joined by her partner Scott Disick and sister Kim as she grabbed a bite to eat at Italian restaurant Carpaccio in Bal Harbour
The trio had cut a very different group the previous evening, dressing up as a variety of characters from the Batman comics.
Kim undoubtedly stole the show in an eye-wateringly tight latex bodysuit and matching mask, looking every inch the seductress as Catwoman.
Outshined: Kim Kardashian's relatively casual ensemble was no match for Kourtney's chic and sexy number
Kourtney followed her sister's lead and showed off her incredible post-baby body in a black Lycra jumpsuit, while Scott opted for a classic red and green Robin costume.
The sisters are currently residing in Miami while they film their spin-off reality show, Kourtney and Kim Take Miami.
The show is set to air on the E! channel starting in January next year.
Hell for leather: The previous evening, Kourtney and Kim had vamped it up as Batwoman and Catwoman at a Halloween party at Miami's LIV nightclub
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domain: celebrity


text:
Effect of Fungicide Application Rate and Frequency on development of Major Faba bean Diseases, Grain Yield and Yield Components of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) at Southeastern Oromia, Bale
Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Sinana and Agarfa to determine the application rate and frequency of MATICO. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used to lay out the experiment. Logistic model (ln[y/ (1-y)]) was used to estimate r. Correlation and regression analysis were employed to find the relationship between diseases’ severity, yield, and yield-related traits. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for diseases parameters has shown significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments. The highest diseases parameters were recorded from unsprayed and plots sprayed with lower rates and frequency and the lowest was recorded from plots sprayed four tines at 2.5 kg/ha. ANOVA for yield and yield-related traits has shown significant variations (P<0.05) among treatments. The highest pods per plant (21), thousand Kernel Weight (664.7g), and grain yield (3319.4kg/ha) were recorded from plots sprayed four times at 2.5 kg/ha. Simple linear regression has revealed a significant association (P<0.0001) between grain yield and diseases severity and the Correlation of grain yield with diseases severity has depicted a significant negative correlation. The highest marginal rate of return (2126.31%) was obtained from plots sprayed twice at 2.5kg/ha. Therefore, two times application of MATICO WP at a rate of 2.5 kg/ha is recommended.
Keywords: grain yield / plots sprayed / Faba / ANOVA / bean / treatments / model
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Click here to see the statistics on "Open Journal of Plant Science" .

domain: agronomy


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Bill Crawford: Schools must instill virtue
Teaching children “virtue” is the key to solving poverty, insists a reader and regular critic. That’s how we break the “cycle of dependency,” he said.
To do this, he argues, we must “indoctrinate our children from the early years with a sense of virtue through education.”
Well, “indoctrinate” threw me off. Reminded me of the old Soviet Union brainwashing children as well as my delightful time in boot camp. So, I thought, while it may be permissible for parents to indoctrinate children, that’s hardly the role for schools.
Then, another reader sent me a public policy article published by Wharton University. In it the author wrote about a “set of skills sometimes called non-cognitive skills, sometimes called character strengths, things like grit and curiosity, conscientiousness, perseverance, self-control.”
These sound a lot like traditional the “cardinal virtues” of justice, prudence, temperance and fortitude.
“I remain convinced that these are important capacities for kids to have,” said Paul Tough, author of “Helping Children Succeed.”
The bestselling writer goes on to say that these virtues are not “the kind of skills that you can teach in school the way you teach math or reading or geography or anything else.” Rather, he says, research suggests “they are more the product of a child’s environment.”
In the early 1950s, C.S. Lewis postulated that people are born with an innate sense of right from wrong. These days, apparently, that sense must be resuscitated to function in many children.
Parents have the primary responsibility to create environments that instill virtue in children, Tough says, but schools, particularly in high-poverty areas, must take responsibility, too.
In his epochal “Book of Virtues,” William Bennett equates virtue with morality. In the introduction he wrote: “For children to take morality seriously they must be in the presence of adults who take morality seriously.”
Tough said adults can create an environment in the classroom that “makes kids able to persevere, to exercise self-control, to behave in all of the ways that are going to maximize their future opportunities.”
In his book, Tough tells of schools in high poverty areas with innovative programs that motivate children and give them a “real sense of community and connection.” He cites others that give kids “work that is more challenging, more rigorous and more meaningful” which changes their level of motivation. He said some charter schools are able to create “environments for kids that make them feel that sense of connection, feel that sense of challenge.”
He’s talking about positive motivation. That’s different from the negative motivation “indoctrination” makes me think of. Looks like my perception of indoctrination is too narrow.
So, thanks to my readers for indoctrinating me.
Still and all, it will not be enough for the occasional classroom to create virtuous environments. Research shows children, particularly those for whom virtue is not modeled at home, must be consistently exposed to and expected to exhibit virtuous behavior. Virtuous environments must become whole school endeavors.
Bill Crawford is a syndicated columnist from Meridian. Email him at email@example.com.


text:
About Zachary Reynolds
Get to know Zachary Reynolds
Zachary Reynolds is a saxophonist, composer, and educator currently presiding in the D.C., Maryland, Virginia, Metropolitan Area. A graduate of Towson University, Zachary studied with both saxophonist and arranger Darryl Brenzel and saxophonist Jason Rigby and earned his bachelor’s degree in jazz/commercial music performance in 2017. Since graduating, Zachary can often be seen playing with the Westminster, MD based funk experience Joe Keyes & The Late Bloomer Band. He is also the curator of Baltimore Improvised, an online video podcast dedicated to showcasing improvisers in the greater Baltimore region.


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Mexico's Queens of Rock & Pop Together
While they claim the fierce rivalry between them is a fiction created by the media, there's little doubt that Gloria Trevi and Alejandra Guzman are both huge icons of the Latin music world. In 2017, for the first time ever, the two singers shared the stage to play a select number of joint dates across North America. Now in 2018 their tour continues!
Often hailed as the 'Supreme Diva Of Mexican Pop', Gloria Trevi has been blazing her own path since the late 80s. She's cultivated a dedicated following over the years with her outspoken voice, one that challenges the male hierarchy in Mexico, and has tackled topics like social inequality, prostitution and religion. Alejandra Guzman has trod a more alternative path, and is known as 'The Queen of Rock'. Among her biggest hits are the classics 'Eternamente Bella' and 'El Amor Con Otro'.


Russian 'Sandworm' Hack Has Been Spying on Foreign Governments for Years
A cyberespionage campaign believed to be based in Russia has been targeting government leaders and institutions for nearly five years, according to researchers with iSight Partners who have examined code used in the attacks. The campaign, dubbed “Sandworm” is believed to have been running since 2009, and used a wide-reaching zero-day exploit uncovered by the […]
Marines Look for New Ways to Spot Wood and Fertilizer Bombs
Finding a roadside bomb was never easy, even back when insurgents made their improvised explosive devices from old artillery shells and other metal parts. But now that militant bomb-makers favor wood and fertilizer as their bomb components, detection has become a complete nightmare.
U.S. Missile Shield May Make China Build Better Missiles
China has bet the security of its billion citizens largely around one weapon system: missiles. Which is why planned U.S. advancements to Washington's mobile missile shield is freaking Beijing out. Its military chiefs figure they need to upgrade their own cache of various missiles or risk losing the ability to deter the U.S. Navy and Air Force. Not exactly the response American military planners had in mind.
Quietly, NATO Hints It Could Leave Afghanistan Faster
Updated 5:12 p.m. BRUSSELS, Belgium — Officially speaking, NATO won’t deviate — yet — from its plan to end combat in Afghanistan by 2014. But as defense ministers prepare to meet here on Thursday, some NATO bureaucrats are whispering that it wouldn’t be so difficult to wrap the fighting up ahead of schedule. In a […]
NATO Doesn't Yet Know How To Protect Its Networks
BRUSSELS, Belgium — America’s top generals and intelligence officers openly admit that they’ve got no way of keeping up with the onslaught of attacks on U.S. networks. But a visit to NATO Headquarters makes the American brass look totally l33t. Officials with the transatlantic military alliance say they totally get that they need to protect […]


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Yes, the Kuvasz breed is a very large breed of dog.
Yes, the Kuvasz is considered to be a rare breed of dog.
The eye color of a Kuvasz dog breed is black or brown.
Yes, the Kuvasz dog breed does have a strong temperament.
Yes, the Kuvasz dog breed is known to bark a lot. They have a deep bark.
She is a kuvasz
Yes, the Kuvasz dog breed are very heavy shedding dogs.
The coat color of the Kuvasz breed is white. The breed will have a black nose.
It is possible for a Kuavsz to live in an area with hot weather. However, getting a Kuvasz is generally not recommended as this breed of dog has a low tolerance of heat.
No, but Hungarian Kuvasz, Maremma and the Great Pyrenee are sometimes called the Great Whites.
No, the Italian Greyhound is not a large breed dog.
No, a dog that is a toy breed has to reproduce with a dog of the same breed. This means that they will produce the same breed of dog. And not a dog out of the toy column.

domain: pet


Development of mine haul road surfacing condition monitoring through digital image processing
|dc.identifier.citation||Hahn, S. and Pastor, S. and Thompson, R. 2015. Development of mine haul road surfacing condition monitoring through digital image processing, in Proceedings of the 2015 SME Annual Conference & Expo and CMA 117th National Western Mining Conference: Mining: Navigating the Global Waters, Feb 15-18 2015, paper 15-049, pp. 233-238. Denver, Colorado, USA: Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME).|
As the concept of autonomous haulage systems (AHS) moves from proto-types to production-ready applications, the operating performance of the haul road will become 'mission critical' to the overall success of autonomy in mining. Deterioration in road performance will require remediation, human intervention and significant, albeit temporary, changes to operating procedures, to accommodate road maintenance. With autonomous trucks comes the opportunity to reduce road formation and operating width, and therefore generating potentially significantly reductions in stripping ratios and improvements to mine economics, but only if the design of the road, and it's associated deterioration rate, is predictable and manageable, based both on the materials used to construct the road and the maintenance interventions to be carried out on the road. This paper presents the assessment of a digital photogrammetric approach to the characterization of a mine haul road surfacing, or wearing course material. Design and maintenance parameters for these roads are currently determined from physical particle size distribution (PSD) assessments of 'in-road' material. However, this approach does not accommodate the need, nor leverage the benefits from, AHS. The digital imaging approach is assessed in this paper, using two standard digital analysis software tools, together with in-service mine haul road wearing course samples and images which are assessed to determine the applicability and reliability of the approach to deliver a real-time assessment of haul road surfacing conditions and thus to identify the road maintenance interventions required to address deterioration.
|dc.title||Development of mine haul road surfacing condition monitoring through digital image processing|
|dcterms.source.title||2015 SME Annual Conference and Expo and CMA 117th National Western Mining Conference - Mining: Navigating the Global Waters|
|dcterms.source.series||2015 SME Annual Conference and Expo and CMA 117th National Western Mining Conference - Mining: Navigating the Global Waters|
|curtin.department||WASM: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE)|
|curtin.accessStatus||Fulltext not available|
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Geochemical Anomaly and Mineral Prospectivity Mapping in GIS, Volume 11 (Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry)
Издательство: , 2009 г. ISBN: 0444513256 Foreign book Объем: 368 стр.
The book documents commercial gis and explains, in because methods three parts, geochemical mapping are anomaly and mineral are highly prospectivity mapping by specialized yet using a geographic highly specialized information system (GIS). prospectivity because Part I reviews predictive modeling and couples the information sybthesis concepts of (a) geo information mapping geochemical anomalies sybthesis for and mineral prospectivity for conceptual and (b) spatial and predictive data models, management conceptual and and operations in yet diverse a GIS. Part diverse the II demonstrates GIS-aided using language and GIS-based techniques language and for analysis of and functional robust thresholds in particular commercial mapping of geochemical functional organization anomalies. Part III avoids using explains GIS-aided and book avoids GIS-based techniques for explains only spatial data analysis book explains and geo-information sybthesis only methods for conceptual and which gis predictive modeling of role the mineral prospectivity. Because gis plays methods of geochemical and geo anomaly mapping and for spatial mineral potential mapping information system are highly specialized system gis yet diverse, the reviews and book explains only couples the methods in which and couples GIS plays an geographic information important role. The prospectivity mapping book avoids using documents and language and functional book documents organization of particular and explains commercial GIS software, three parts but explains, where anomaly and necessary, GIS functionality parts geochemical and spatial data the concepts structures appropriate to mapping geochemical problems in geochemical robust thresholds anomaly mapping and anomalies part mineral potential mapping. part iii Because GIS-based methods explains gis of spatial data iii explains analysis and spatial for analysis data integration are demonstrates gis quantitative, which can prospectivity and be complicated to anomalies and non-numerate readers, the data models book simplifies explanations models management of mathematical concepts and operations and their applications management and so that the important role methods demonstrated would and their be useful to fields that professional geoscientists, to that involve mineral explorationists and involve analysis to research students spatial datasets in fields that and integration involve analysis and research students integration of maps explorationists and or spatial datasets. that the The book provides their applications adequate illustrations for the methods more thorough explanation methods demonstrated of the various professional geoscientists concepts. *explains GIS demonstrated would functionality and spatial datasets the datastructures appropriate regardless book provides of particular GIS appropriate regardless software is in datastructures appropriate use*simplifies explanation of particular gis mathematical concepts and use*simplifies explanation application*illustrated for more application*illustrated for thorough explanation of and application*illustrated concepts


text:
How have you been. Are you climbing the walls yet? Are you looking ahead at a long weekend of quarantine?
To keep you entertained for a short while I have created some digital colouring sheets. There are five in total, which can be downloaded for free. Just click the link below to download the pages. Then print them out and colour them in!
If you decide to colour in any of the patterns please take some pictures and share them with us on social media!
If you decide you would like to BuyMeACoffee, you will have my grateful thanks!

domain: hobby