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Academic freedom is defined as the freedom of thought and inquiry granted to faculty and students of educational institutions to pose questions and think critically about subjects of academic importance. The reason this freedom is granted to the academic community is that universities, and institutions of education, in general, are considered to be spaces that probe the truth, and for true intellectual activity to flourish, they need freedom of thought and expression. However, another reason why academic freedom is stressed is because of the dangers it faces – from the state and from the larger public. As the world is inching towards authoritarianism with a number of right-wing populist governments at power in some major countries, the question of academic freedom is as pertinent as ever. With the recent resignation of two prominent scholars from Ashoka University, the question is driven home with discussions about academic freedom in India.
Unfortunately, this isn’t a one-time phenomenon, in either India or other democratic countries. It has been the case for decades that the ruling dispensation in most democratic, as well as autocratic countries, has been wary of the academic community and has tried to stifle its voices. Time and again, the freedom of universities, faculties and students in places around the world has come into question by the state and has often been curbed through laws and regulations. In some instances, even violence has been used to clamp down on the freedom of these voices. This piece shall explore some historical instances of academic freedom, or the lack thereof, in different countries around the world at different times. Through it, we wish to shed light on the chequered history of academic freedom and the role of the academic community in fighting for their right to freedom of thought and expression in academic settings.
Recent Events at Ashoka University
In a dramatic turn of events, academic Pratap Bhanu Mehta’s resignation under dubious circumstances has brought Ashoka University’s integrity under the scanner. Mehta wrote in his resignation letter that the founders of Ashoka had made it “abundantly clear” that his association with the institution was a “political liability”. Following Mehta’s exit, renowned economist Arvind Subramanian also put down his papers, citing the fact that “Ashoka can no longer provide a safe space for academic expression and freedom”. The resignations have garnered global attention with a large number of accomplished academics signing a petition expressing solidarity with Mehta and disapproval of Ashoka’s founders’ and admin’s handling of the issue. Calling it a “gross violation of academic freedoms”, students of the University announced a two-day boycott of classes to protest against these developments. Pertaining to the fact that this is not the first time that a faculty has been mired in controversy due to their political opinions, students and faculty are now apprehensive of the wider implications that external political pressures on the University will have on their freedom of speech and expression. There is also growing scepticism regarding the inevitable downfall in the quality of education that the University promises if this continues.
The History of Academic Freedom
Academic freedom as a concept emerged during the Middle Ages, with scholars and philosophers in Europe asserting their right to enquiry and stating independence from the monarchs of the day. However, the universities of the period in both Europe and America were heavily influenced by the Church, and were also dependent on it for funding. As time progressed, a form of mixed system developed in America in the 18th century where colleges were dependent on private donors as well as states for funding, but the faculty still did not have a strong say in the running of universities or in matters of academic freedom. It was only during the American Civil War that academic freedom as a concept was used by academics, and was seen as just as important as civil liberties.
Academic Freedom in The United States
The question of academic freedom in the United States was extremely important during two periods of history – first during the Cold War in the 1950s at the height of McCarthyism, and then again after the 9/11 attacks in 2001, which led to the War on Terror. These external political circumstances had a deep impact on the academic community and there were issues about what was being taught, and by whom. At the height of McCarthyism, the Red Scare of communism enveloped most of U.S. policy and behaviour in the 1950s, and university professors were targeted by the FBI for having connections with ‘subversive’ organisations, namely the Communist Party. Faculty at colleges such as Harvard, Yale, and the State University of New York, to name a few, had to sign documents stating they weren’t affiliated with Communists, or they ran the risk of being removed from their teaching positions. This was protested by many for infringing upon the First Amendment rights of the professors as well as the larger academic freedom of these universities. While in 1967 this academic freedom was codified in the Constitution of the U.S. after the case Keyishian v. Bd. of Regents, 385 U.S. 589 (1967), it routinely came under threat even after that period. After the September 11 terrorist attacks in America, the country adopted a stringent foreign policy known popularly as the War on Terror and took action against terrorist groups in Afghanistan and other regions. While universities had always criticised U.S. foreign policies, the period after 9/11 saw harsher consequences for those professors and intellectuals who dared question or criticise the government’s policies. From news anchors to senators, there was major pushback against academics who tried to speak or write against government policies, with emphasis on the need to “support the war”. There was also a grave fear among presidents and administrators of the universities about the consequences of this criticism, which is why many of them distanced themselves from the faculty and students that engaged in this criticism. Academic freedom was therefore not guaranteed in either public or private universities in the U.S. and was subject to popular perception, government policy and the political atmosphere of the period.
Academic Freedom in Turkey
The strained relationship between academic freedom and political pressures can also be understood by analyzing the case of Turkey. The country has had a contentious history with respect to ensuring academic freedom in higher education – exhibited through selectively granting the freedom to explore certain fields of inquiry while barring others and restricting faculty interactions with the press on certain subjects without official permits that are rarely granted. Moreover, a culture of self-censorship has persisted in Turkish academia, which becomes apparent when analyzing the restrictions placed on academics in terms of determining teaching materials, evaluation, and teaching techniques. It is interesting to note that these flaws in Turkey’s academic landscape have existed prior to the wave of right-wing populism that swept the nation upon President Erdogan’s appointment. While Erdogan’s tenure has been marked by stringent crackdowns on the activity of academics beyond the classroom, his government is not solely responsible for the poor state of academic freedom in the country.
Indian Universities and the Fight for Academic Freedom
What has been observed in varying degrees across the world, has been a part of India’s political landscape too. Although, traditionally, India has had a long tradition of academic debate and peaceful dissent such as in the Nalanda University in the 5th Century BCE, recently, academic freedom has evidently been on the decline. In the colonial setting in which contemporary Indian universities originated, the question of academic freedom was closely tied up with one’s position on political freedom. In an article for Economic and Political Weekly, Nandini Sundar notes that “while some educational institutions like Presidency College, Calcutta, Elphinstone College, Mumbai, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, and St Stephen’s College, Delhi were embedded in the colonial project of inculcating English knowledge among the natives, there were others like Jamia Millia Islamia, Visva-Bharati, or the Vidyapeeths set up by Gandhi which had an explicitly nationalist project, wherein the ideas of political freedom coalesced with the ideas of pedagogic freedom.” Even in the other regional colleges, both students and faculty periodically strayed to the nationalist cause, especially during the non-cooperation movement of 1921–22 and Quit India Movement in 1942, boycotting classes, or participating in strikes.
However, in the postcolonial matrix, the idea of universities as spaces of academic freedom was subordinated to the idea that educational institutions are sites of nation-building. This was embodied in the setting up of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), as “institutes of national importance” where its reputation and ideals were perceived to be closely linked to the state’s aspiration.
The coming of the BJP government in 2014, however, has created a credible threat to academic freedom in India, with the state actively suppressing any narratives that don’t align with its own ideology. According to the recently published International Academic Freedom Index, India scored an abysmally low score of 0.352, followed by Saudi Arabia (0.278) and Libya (0.238). The police brutality against students at Jamia Millia Islamia University in 2019 in Delhi has further raised concerns about the state of academic freedom. When this is taken in context with the anecdotal accounts of researchers in India complaining of book bans, cancelling of a particular seminar, change in the curriculum by the state, and filing of criminal cases against political leaders – a grim image of the future of India’s academia emerges.
The Way Forward
An obvious question that emerges from this is how can we reimagine the future of India’s academia in the wake of rising state interference in academia? Such a challenge will not only require far-reaching structural changes but also a commitment to fiercely defend values and ideals of freedom. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a step in the direction of structural change by envisioning academia without political or external interference. For instance, the policy states that the faculty will be provided with the “freedom to design their own curricular and pedagogical approaches within the approved framework, including textbook and reading material selections, assignments and assessments.” However, what remains to be seen is how well these policies are implemented on the ground and whether they live up to their promise. In the meanwhile, the solidarity extended to Ashoka University and resilience showed by academicians both in the country and abroad can be a guiding example of how as a unified community, one can fiercely defend the values that academia stands for – dissent, dialogue and democracy.
Picture Credits: Shreya Sharma
We publish all articles under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivatives license. This means any news organisation, blog, website, newspaper or newsletter can republish our pieces for free, provided they attribute the original source (OpenAxis).

domain: sociology


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Today, we have an exciting announcement here at Rotoscopers. This Thursday, January 28th, begins the annual Sundance Film Festival, which normally takes place in Park City, Utah. However, this year, the festival is taking place virtually via an online festival. To celebrate the festival, we are interviewing as many of the animators, both for shorts and features, as we possibly can.
This year, at the festiva,l there are nine shorts and two features, e.g., one documentary and one dramatic feature.
Cryptozoo – directed by Dash Shaw who previously created My Entire High School is Sinking into the Sea. This film tells the story of a couple that stumble upon a zoo of cryptids or unicorns.
Flee – a documentary directed by Jonas Poher Rasmussen. This film is about an Afghan refugee named Amin who is preparing to marry but must deal with some baggage first. It uses archive footage, 80s pop music, and hand-drawn animation to tell Amin’s story.
GNT – directors Sara Hirner, Rosemary Vasquez-Brown
Misery Loves Company – director Sasha Lee
KKUM – director Kang-min Kim
The Fourfold – director Alsi Telengut
Trepanation – director Nick Flaherty
Souvenir Souvenir – director Bastien Dubois
Little Miss Fate – director Joder von Rotz
Ghost Dogs – director Joe Cappa
The Fire Next Time – director Renaldho Pelle
We hope you are looking forward to getting to know these animators as much as we enjoyed talking with them. Are any of you attending the festival? You can find more information about virtual tickets here. Thanks to our readers and to each of the animators for taking the time to speak with us!
Edited by: Kelly Conley

domain: artistic


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By Olivia Montes
As the fall semester continues, the Washington College student-led organization Latinx Student Union seeks to raise acknowledgment and awareness about the growing Latinx community on campus.
According to the Student Highlight on junior and LSU President Hernan Torres from the Office of Intercultural Affairs’ Nov. 3 newsletter, during his freshman year, Torres expressed interest in starting LSU after the former executive board members of the Latin America Student Association graduated and the organization disbanded.
“During my time at WC, I have seen an increase in Latinx students along with people who are interested in Latinx culture, [and] I wanted to create a space where we can all meet up and create formal and fun events in order to celebrate and embrace the impact that this culture has had throughout history,” Torres said.
Torres formed the group along with Associate Professor of Spanish and Director of the Black Studies Program Dr. Elena Deanda-Camacho and Assistant Professor of Spanish Dr. Martin Ponti as advisors. Junior Hilary Contreras-Cruz and sophomore Esmeralda Chavez Jimenez also joined as the LSU vice president and treasurer respectively.
According to Chavez Jimenez, LSU will strive “to revive a Latinx/Hispanic club that would allow students to have a sense of familia [and] would allow students from the community to share experiences and their personal stories.”
“As a first generation Mexican-American, I hope to create a strong foundation of community around campus that allows students to feel encouraged to embrace their culture,” Chavez Jimenez said. “My vision is to also have faculty and staff involved with the activities/programs we host and create a bridge between students.”
“Few of the Latinx students here at WC needed to do something about advocating and creating a community for all those that identify as Latino/a/x, Hispanic, Chicano, etc. or don’t,” Contreras-Cruz said. “I hope we gain a group of people passionate about the Latinx community and ready to be a safe place for those feeling left out because of their ethnicity.”
According to Torres, LSU is currently in the process of planning several monthly cooking events for the spring 2022 semester — with specialties including “hand-made tacos with freshly made salsa, [thick flat-bread] Pupusas, and other great staple dishes” — as well as game movie nights. Additional events will include hosting guest speakers and initiating discussions with the College community about being Latinx American, which allows attendees to learn more about different cultures and experiences.
“In the formal aspect, I will try to share the experiences of being a Latinx-American in the United States through programs, infographics, and more,” Torres said. “For the more hands-on events, we will be preparing and cooking different types of foods and meals based on different Latinx countries.”
For more information concerning events and how to get involved with the organization, students can follow LSU on Instagram @wac_lsu.
As the 2021-2022 academic year continues, Torres said that he hopes that LSU not only keeps growing, but also cements itself as a safe space, as well as an impactful force, for students on the College campus.
“For this school year, I am hoping to continue to expand LSU to become more known to the WC community and continue to grow, with more and more people joining and supporting this organization,” he said. “I want to be able to make an impact on my campus where everyone feels welcomed and appreciated.”
Photo by Sammy Jarrett
Photo Caption: After the Washington College Latin America Student Association disbanded last year, junior Hernan Torres, along with fellow students junior Hilary Contreras-Cruz and sophomore Esmeralda Chavez Jimenez, decided to form the Latinx Student Union.


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April 17th through 22nd is National Healthcare Decisions Week. The organization, Dying with Dignity, provides a printed or online
Check out this playlist from TED talks on the importance of self-care. Topics include emotional hygiene, human connection,
Tyra Manning, Thrive’s Spring Benefit Speaker, recounts her battles with mental illness and the way back.
The stigma of mental illness is under attack by sufferers, who are coming out publicly and defiantly.
In a recent article on OakPark.com, the impact of the state’s ongoing budget crisis is discussed in a column by Dale Haley the publications publisher.
At Oaktoberfest on September 19, the Oak Park-River Forest Community Foundation invited passers-by to write an answer to the prompt, “What Inspires You to Share?”
According to a recent article in Psychiatry Advisor, the United States is facing a shortage of psychiatrists, and the situation only appears to get worse as many psychiatrists are older […]
In a recent article in the Huffington Post, the stigmas around maintaining and healthy mind were discussed through 11 quotes that perfectly sum up the stigmas around mental health.
In a recent article in Psychiatry Advisor, it was reported that women are not only at greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) when compared to men; per capita, they […]


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Which Is the Right Way to Deal with Unfinished Surfaces after Fire Damage Morgan Hill Homes
SERVPRO Uses Advanced Cleaning Methods during Fire Restoration in Morgan Hill
Fire damage such as charring or deep soiling of unfinished structural surfaces or fixtures is both an advantage and disadvantage. The advantage is that it is possible to use aggressive cleaning methods on such surfaces without worrying about ruining finishes. However, the porousness and roughness of such surfaces make most cleaning approaches ineffective.
When addressing fire damage in Morgan Hill homes, SERVPRO seeks ways to combat the challenges posed by unfinished surfaces. Using sophisticated cleaning and deodorizing methods helps combat the issue.
Blast cleaning using dry ice canons or a soda blaster helps reverse smoke damage or light to medium charring. Blast cleaning accelerates a medium such as solid carbon dioxide or sodium bicarbonate in a stream of air. When the medium hits the surface, it disintegrates, removing the foreign matter without stripping off the material.
After getting rid of the soiling, the next stage is to eliminate pungent fire residue smells since odor molecules penetrate deep into porous materials. A method such as thermal fogging helps since it vaporizes deodorizers creating half a micron molecule that penetrate deep into the odorous materials. SERVPRO offers unique solutions for:
- Fire damage restoration
- Fire and smoke damage
- Smoke remediation
SERVPRO of Morgan Hill / Gilroy has extensive experience handling fire damage. Call us at (408) 500-0657.

domain: chemistry


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House of Stone has been shortlisted for the 2019 Orwell Prize for Political Fiction!
Novuyo Rosa Tshuma pays a powerful tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina in The Bare Life Review
Read Dinaw Mengestu’s review of House of Stone in the New York Times: “A remarkable feat…ambitious and ingenious…”
Novuyo Rosa Tshuma gave a public lecture at Oxford University about her novel House of Stone and the role of literature in shaping the complex human experience
Novuyo Rosa Tshuma gave a talk at the Nordic Africa Institute on her novel House of Stone and the Power of Literature
House of Stone has been shortlisted for the Swansea University International Dylan Thomas Prize!
House of Stone has been longlisted for the 2019 Rathbones Folio Prize!
House of Stone has won the 2019 Edward Stanford Travel Writing, Fiction with a Sense of Place Award! The judges described the novel as “impressive, evocative and highly unusual.”
Yiyun Li recommends Novuyo Rosa Tshuma’s House of Stone in Vanity Fair’s February Book Chain Feature. Out now in the USA with W.W. Norton
Read Helon Habila’s review of House of Stone in the UK Guardian: “An extraordinary debut balances pain and shame in Zimbabwe’s bloody past with the playful and absurd.“
Read Novuyo Rosa Tshuma’s article in Lithub on “Writing Absurdity in Contemporary Zimbabwe’s Dystopia.”
Read Andrew Dansby’s article in the Houston Chronicle about House of Stone, an “epic tale with the panache of literature’s great unreliable narrators.”
House of Stone featured in Publishers’ Weekly’s Writers to Watch: Anticipated Debuts of Spring 2019. Out now in the USA with W.W. Norton
House of Stone featured in Oprah Magazine’s top 10 Titles to Pick Up NOW. Out now in the USA with W.W. Norton
Read Zukiswa Wanner’s review of House of Stone in Prestige: “A Nation’s Open Secret Told in Fiction.”
House of Stone received a starred review from Library Journal! Out now in the USA with W.W. Norton
House of Stone was awarded the prestigious Bellagio Literary Arts Residency Award, which supports “innovative new works of art that inspire reflection and understanding of global and social issues,” making Novuyo Rosa Tshuma one of the youngest recipients of the award

domain: library


A flathead engine (a.k.a. sidevalve engine (SV), flathead, or flatty) is an internal combustion engine with valves placed in the engine block beside the piston, instead of in the cylinder head, as in an overhead valve engine. As the cylinder cross-section has the shape of an inverted L, other names such as L-block or L-head are also common.
The sidevalve's poppet valves are usually sited on one side of the cylinder(s). A recess in the cylinder head creates a corridor connecting the valves and the combustion chamber. The valve gear comprises a camshaft which operates the valves via simple tappets, most commonly without any further valvetrain components (such as pushrods, rocker arms, overhead valves or overhead camshafts). Indian, however, employs both rocker arms and pushrods to transmit motion from the cam lobes to the valve stems.
The sidevalve arrangement was once the most common across all motor industries (automotive, agricultural, marine, aviation, and others), but it has since fallen from favor in most multicylinder applications, such as automotive and aviation, having been displaced by overhead valve designs. Flathead designs are still commonly built new for many small engine applications of one and two cylinders, such as lawnmowers, rotary tillers, and two-wheel tractors.
The main advantages of a sidevalve engine are simplicity, reliability, low cost, compactness, responsive low-speed power, low mechanical engine noise, and insensitivity to low-octane fuel. The absence of a complicated valvetrain allows a compact engine that is less expensive to manufacture, as the cylinder head may be little more than a simple metal casting. These advantages may explain why overhead valve designs were first adopted only in high-performance applications such as aircraft, luxury cars, and sports cars, while economy cars, trucks, and agricultural engines continued to use flathead engines for some time. Even today, flatheads are common in lawnmowers, and basic farm machinery.
An important benefit of the sidevalve design is that, if a valve should seize in its guide (remain partially open), only limited damage to that individual cylinder would occur, and an engine can often operate safely on its other cylinders with a seized valve. If a valve head breaks off, it may become lodged between the piston and the head causing severe damage.
The typical flathead engine has its valves adjacent, but the "T-head" variant acts as a "cross-flow" head.
The main disadvantages of a sidevalve engine are poor gas flow, poor combustion chamber shape, and low compression ratio, all of which result in a low power output.
The sidevalve configuration makes intake and exhaust gases follow a circuitous route, with low volumetric efficiency, or "poor breathing". Although a sidevalve engine can safely operate at high speed, its volumetric efficiency swiftly deteriorates, so that high power outputs are not feasible at speed. High volumetric efficiency was less important for early cars because their engines rarely sustained extended high speeds, but designers seeking higher power outputs had to abandon the sidevalve. A compromise used by Willys (Jeep), Rover, and Rolls-Royce in the 1950s was the F-head (a.k.a. intake-over-exhaust configuration), in which there is one side valve and one overhead valve per cylinder.
Because the exhaust follows a lengthy path to leave the engine, there is a tendency for the engine to overheat. In a T-head engine, the sidevalve pairs have a crossflow configuration, so exhaust gases leave on the opposite side of the cylinder from the intake valve. American LaFrance powered their fire engines with T-head engines from the 1920s to the 1950s. The Cleveland Motorcycle Manufacturing Company produced a T-head four-cylinder in-line motorcycle engine in the 1920s, and early Stutz engines were T heads.
- Pop-up pistons may be used with compatible heads to increase compression ratio and improve the combustion chamber's shape to prevent knocking.
- Turbulence grooves may increase swirl inside the combustion chamber, thus increasing torque, especially at low rpm. Better mixing of the fuel/air charge improves combustion and helps to prevent knocking.
- The traditional flathead engine suffers from its flat and elongated combustion chamber, which is prone to knocking if compression ratio is increased. Using improved ignition system such as laser ignition or microwave enhanced ignition could speed up the combustion and prevent knocking.
History and applications
Flathead inline 4- and 6-cylinder engines were frequently used for automobiles (as with the famous Ford Model T), tractors, and other products from the beginning of the automotive industry until the 1950s, when overhead valve designs began to outnumber flathead designs in production numbers. Flathead designs are still commonly built new for applications such as lawnmowers, rotary tillers, two-wheel tractors, and other one- and two-cylinder equipment.
Due to cooling and efficiency problems, flathead engines fell out of favor in "high power" applications, such as aircraft engines, prior to World War I, with rare exceptions like the American Aeronca E-107 opposed twin aero engine of 1930. However, they lived on for some time in the automotive world and were used on the Jeep, for instance. Flatheads are no longer in common use for automobiles (except in some rodding and customizing circles, that most often use restored and reproduction examples of the classic 1932–1953 "model years" Ford flathead V8 engine), with the flathead valve configuration still used for some small-engine applications like lawnmowers. Because of their design, the size of valves and the compression ratio are limited, which in turn reduces available power and economy.
A new arrival is the Belgian D-Motor LF26, a compact 2.7-litre flat-four aero-engine that has direct drive to a propeller, rather than a reduction gearbox. As the engine was designed to produce peak power of 90 bhp at only 2800 rpm, this very low engine speed meant the designers could dispense with the complexity of an ohv valvetrain. The resulting simplicity, lightness, compactness and reliability are ideal in an aero-engine. D-Motor has developed a 125 bhp 6-cylinder version, the D-Motor LF39.
Model W, singles, and 45s (DL, RL, and WL)
The flathead engine saw service in Harley-Davidson motorcycles beginning with the Model W's flat-twin, produced from 1919 to 1923, and continuing in 1924 with single-cylinder export-model 21-cubic-inch (340 cc) and 30.5-cubic-inch (500 cc) singles and continued in Servi-Cars until 1973. In the domestic U.S. market, the 45-cubic-inch (740 cc) (primary VIN letter) D model (1929 to 1931) and its technical descendant, the (primary VIN letter) R model (1932 to 1936), started Harley's side-valve tradition in the 45-cubic-inch displacement class. The D and R models featured a total-loss oiling system and were succeeded in 1937 by the (primary VIN letter) W 45, which had recirculating oil lubrication. The WLA (W = return oil, L = performance, A = army) went on to serve in World War II as the U.S. and Canadian Army's WLC (C = Canada) primary two-wheeled mount and subsequently as a civilian middleweight through 1952. The engine continued virtually unchanged with 2.745" bore and 3.8125" stroke with various G-based designations in the three-wheeled Servi-Car until production ceased in 1973.
K-series and developments
In 1952, the K series flatheads was introduced with the same bore and stroke, selling in parallel with the W series (which was discontinued after 1952), designed to compete with British sporting motorcycles of the time. The K models featured a 750cc unit construction engine and transmission case, right side foot shift and left side foot brake. From 1954 to 1956, the KH received an increase in stroke to 4-9/16" to bring displacement to 888cc (54 cubic inches).  The K series was replaced by the overhead valve Sportster series in the retail market in 1957.
The American Motorcycle Association (AMA) class C rules of 1952 allowed sidevalves of 750cc to compete against 500cc overhead valve bikes. The 750cc KR factory racer was highly competitive in dirt track and road racing, and was produced in limited numbers until 1969  , when the AMA changed the rules by increasing the Class C displacement limit to 750 cc. Without the displacement advantage, the KR flatheads were not competitive against 750 cc overhead valve bikes.
Flathead big twins
In 1930, the 74-cubic-inch (1,210 cc) VL flathead replaced the JD Big Twin, which had featured intake-over-exhaust (IoE) valve configuration. The VL had a single downtube frame and total loss oiling, culminating in an 80-cubic-inch (1,300 cc) version (VLH) in 1935. In 1937, that engine was redesigned to include a recirculating lubrication system, and designated the model U, and it went into the same frame and running gear configuration as the model E Knucklehead, which had originated in 1936. The U continued to be produced in varying configurations as a 74 cubic inch U & UL (1937 to 1948), and 80 cubic inch UH & ULH engine (1937 to 1941). By that time, the first year of the aluminum-head Panhead, it had been thoroughly superseded and outsold in the marketplace by the superior performance of the overhead valve model Big Twins.
- American Rodder, 6/94, pp.45 & 93.
- Road and Track, some time in the 1960s
- The internal-combustion engine by Harry Ralph Ricardo, Blackie and Son Limited.
- Davis, Marlan (September 29, 2006). "Ford Flathead V8 – The Flathead Guide of Death". Hotrod.com. Hot Rod Magazine. Combustion Chamber. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
Trying to gain back compression ratio by using popup pistons may improve airflow provided proper attention is paid to the transfer area and overall piston-to-combustion chamber interface. The best balance has been the subject of debate for over 60 years. Currently the most popular approach is running a big popup piston, but with a scallop on the side adjacent to the valves to keep the transfer area clear between the valves and the cylinder bore. Recommended bottom-line street-gas-friendly compression ratios are between 7.5–8:1 on naturally aspirated engines and 6.5–7.0:1 with a blower.
- Patent US 6237579 Somender Singh: "Design to improve turbulence in combustion chambers"
- amrelweekil (September 14, 2009). "Engine modify by Somender Singh". YouTube. Grooved flathead at 1:31–1:38. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
- Graeber, Charles (September 23, 2004). "Obsession: Mr. Singh's Search for the Holy Grail". Popular Science. Bonnier. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
In November 2002 Singh actually received one such permission from a manufacturer to test his modification on its engines. The manufacturer was Briggs and Stratton, and the engines were two 149cc side valves.
- Pirangute, V. G.; N.V.Marathe (January 14, 2002). Full throttle performance (PDF) (Technical report). ARAI. PUS/2407/Garuda/52(d). The test report reveals that fuel consumption and temperatures decreased at low engine speed while torque increased.
- Ikeda, Yuji; Nishiyama, Atsushi; Kaneko, Masashi (January 5–8, 2009). Microwave Enhanced Ignition Process for Fuel Mixture at Elevated Pressure of 1MPa (PDF). 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-25. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
With plasma-enhanced combustion, a large flame kernel formed and the flame propagation speed increased. In the single-cylinder engine, the combustion stability improved and the microwave-enhanced ignition increased the lean limit from 19.3 to 24.1.
- "Street Rodder, 1/85, p.72.
- "A critique of the flathead or side valve engine". Retrieved 2015-08-22.
- LaChance, David (February 2007). "Reignmaker – 1939 Cadillac Series 39-90". Hemmings Motor News. American City Business Journals. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
Mechanically, the Series 90 cars shared the advances of the Series 75. The V-8 car's three-speed manual transmission was deemed up to the task of handing the torque of the V-16, in part because the larger engine delivered its impulses so smoothly.
- "Kapelstraat 198 8540 Deerlijk – Recent information". D-motor.eu. Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- "Kapelstraat 198 8540 Deerlijk – Product / Produit". D-motor1.vpweb.be. Retrieved 2011-12-06.[permanent dead link]
- Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, pages 256-257. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. ISSN 1368-485X
- Wagner, Herbert; Mitchell, Mark (May 1999). "Chapter 6: The Gang's All Here". Classic Harley-Davidson, 1903–1941. Enthusiast Color. Motorbooks International. pp. 46–47. ISBN 0-7603-1805-0. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
The Sport Model engine was Harley's first side-valve.
- OSKRG. "History of the Model K". Retrieved 2017-11-16.
- "Flathead HD Style". Retrieved 2015-08-22.
- OSKRG. "K-model production figures, summarized from Harley-Davidson's The Legend Begins". Retrieved 2017-11-16.
- "AMA pro racing dirt track timeline". Retrieved 2017-11-16.


Cantiamo Cor Cantiamo a professional chamber choir in residence at the NIU School of Music sheet is excited to announce that the Farny R. The concert provides a fusion of art ideas to connect with the DeKalb community the world around in a journey of sheet creative expression. Cor Cantiamo is a professional 24- voice chamber choir that works to bring world- class artistry to the DeKalb community through concerts and educational outreach. Hawley works cantiamo frequently with the Education Department of the National cantiamo Arts Centre and is the Music Director cantiamo of the NAC’ s 500 voice annual Music Monday Choir. Director: Jackie Hawley. Its conductor, sheet Eric A. Vox Eclectica Women' s Chamber Choir. Wurlitzer Foundation Fund has awarded a $ 7, 500 grant to our organization. sheet This fund is set up to provide assistance to further music education music appreciation, .
Cor Cantiamo is a touring chamber choir in residence at Northern Illinois University. Johnson, is the professional vocal ensemble' s founding artistic director. Cor Cantiamo a professional chamber cantiamo choir in residence at NIU School of Music will present their chamber fall concert “ Catalyst” in three Illinois locations over the next few weeks. Cantiamo chamber choir sheet. Cantiamo Girls Choir. Hawley was also the choir Artistic Director of the Ottawa Children’ s Choir sheet and Music Director of its Chamber Choir from –.
Cantiamo is known for its commitment to nurturing local composers and commissioning new Canadian repertoire. Hawley was appointed Artistic Director of the Ottawa Children’ s Choir and Music Director of its Chamber Choir. Stone Cantiamo Chamber Choir and the Sheffield Chamber Choir with the St. Cecilia Sfrings perform RequiCrn 730pm, Saturday 18th MÅy St, Michael' s Church, Stone The concert is in aid of the St. Michael' s Bell Appeal Tickets £ 10 including wine and nibbles Available from Home and Colour Centre, High St.
cantiamo chamber choir sheet
Cantiamo is an auditioned ensemble that features women’ s voices. Students in this choir display a well- developed vocal production, proficiency in sight- reading, and a good academic record. Listen to the SSA version ( Cantiamo Girls Choir).


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What should you look for when selecting the ideal Cricut machine? If you're looking for cutting equipment the first thing to think about is the type of materials you'd like to cut.
The most expensive Cricut models can be capable of cutting a wide range of materials. The first two models on the list for instance are able to cut more than 300 different materials. If you only would like to cut basic materials like paper, card as well as felt might not require all that and may want smaller, more affordable models.
Certain Cricut machines can also cut intelligent materials. These are specially designed materials that can cut without the need for a cutting mat. This means that you can put large pieces of material in your cutting machine, and then cut them all in one step, which can be ideal for large projects. The smart materials are Smart Vinyl, Smart Iron-On Smart Label Writing Paper Smart Label Write-able Vinyl.
If you do not have the need to cut, but instead prefer printing custom designs on items, take a note of the numbers 6, 7 , and 8 in our list above. These are the top Cricut.com/setup models for this.
Cricut Starter Supply List For Fabric And Needlework
Are you fed up of cutting hundreds of triangles to use for your latest quilting endeavor? If you're considering using the new Cricut.com/setup machine to cut templates for your fabric This list was created specifically for you.
- 12x12 Pink FabricGrip(tm) Mat (I suggest getting two)
- Essential Tool Kit
- TrueControl Knife Kit
- Washable Fabric Pen
- Rotary Cutter
- Cricut Sewing Kit
- Self Healing Mat
- Cutting Ruler
*Fabric Cutting Tips for Cricut Maker Users A Washable Fabric Pen sold by cricut.com setup will fit in the maker's pen holder, and will draw the lines you cut by hand for you. This is extremely useful when you need to cut the templates yourself or remind you to cut something down the road. It's also useful when you make partially-constructed templates for selling, to ensure that your customers know the cut-off point and what to do.
What exactly is the Cricut machine function?
The device is connected to your computer or phone using bluetooth or cables if you require. It allows you to create the designs of your choice or use designs downloaded from. Cricut comes with a program called 'Design Space' which lets you modify and tweak designs before calling Cricut for help cutting them.
It is possible to upload designs of your own, too! Learn how to upload your images to Cricut. This video tutorial will help you upload images to Cricut.
If you are ready to design, you can simply load the materials by pressing a button, and the cricut will have a tiny blade that rotates across the material you're cutting, following the lines of the design that you made or downloaded.
The material is secured by the mat's sticky surface so that it isn't moved when the blade rotates, allowing the cutting to be perfectly smooth.
Create Cricut Account
* Visit cricut.Com for setting up.
"Click" on the symbol located in the top bar.
* Click "Create a Cricut identity".
* Enter the necessary credentials comprising the password and email,, etc.
* Select the United States of America.
*Terms of assessment.
* Test for the I
* Container that has been agreed to.
* Hit on the "Create
* "Identity" tab" tab.
* Verify the credentials of your account to establish an account with a cricut design space login.
* You can download the Cricut software for the laptop you're using.
* Cricut machines use
* Cricut's layout application is used to launch any project. Download it following the instructions:
For the first step, go to this cricut.Com/setup website.
* pick out your device type, i.E., cutting device.
* Choose the item you'd like to purchase from the following page.
* Review the privacy policies and terms of usage.
* Mark on the I
* Click the download now button.
* The next thing to do is to establish.

domain: hobby


UNIVERSAL TESTING LABORATORY AND INSPECTION, INC. Mikro as a result delivers quality air leak tester along with wide range of equipment to assistance your machinery get very best incomparable smoothness to provide higher outcomes with efficiency and perfection all the time. The air leak tester not only overcomes the blockage systems but improves competency for the definite development and success.
The Harlequin RIP is properly identified for its exceptional PDF interpretation, the high quality of its rendering, colour management and screening engine as well as its speed,” says Martin Bailey, CTO, Worldwide Graphics Computer software. The RIPs have been continually fine-tuned more than 25 years in production and this contains separating for wealthy and custom approach ink sets, with and with no multiple spot colors.
Portable CMMs with articulated arms have six or seven axes that are equipped with rotary encoders, as an alternative of linear axes. Transportable arms are lightweight (typically much less than 20 pounds) and can be carried and utilized practically anyplace. However, optical CMMs are increasingly being utilised in the business. Developed with compact linear or matrix array cameras (like the Microsoft Kinect), optical CMMs are smaller sized than transportable CMMs with arms, feature no wires, and enable customers to effortlessly take 3D measurements of all varieties of objects situated nearly anyplace.
Top brands all about the planet depend on us for the most dynamic and efficient torque tester products of exceptional high quality at very reasonably priced costs. Quick and secure worldwide shipping is provided to guarantee 100% client satisfaction.
This occurs due to the fact the politicians want the ribbon cuttings, and their want for action and maybe their inability to make sound judgments about whether or not company plans are sound. But too frequently, there is not considerably accountability, since by the time the project fails, the elected officials have moved on.
The machines will capture, store and process votes in every single county in the state Tuesday. Despite reassurances from ESS and county election commissions, some skeptics stay concerned that the state, in adopting a new voting approach, has fixed one thing that was in no way broken, and set the stage for election-day improprieties never seen ahead of.


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Obstetrics: Career and Education Opportunities
Obstetric professionals are involved in all aspects of the child birth process. From midwives to genetic counselors, they provide the needed support through pregnancy and delivery.
Select a state from the map below to find education opportunities to begin your career in Obstetrics.
STATES WITH EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES IN Obstetrics
CAREERS WITHIN Obstetrics
Nurse Midwives provide advanced nursing care and education to obstetrical and gynecological patients.

domain: medical


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A/N: HOLY THREE HUNDRED REVIEWS BATMAN!!! You guys are AWESOME. I love you all!!!! hugs all around
I want to thank everyone for sticking with me right to the end, for always supporting me and keeping with the sotry, AND actually understanding it. THAT meant a lot in itself. A few reviewers I want to thank are: Mountain Lions taste good, FallenAngel5439, masochistic addiction, ridiculouskopec, Alexandra Stone, beautifulinblack, Twilight Chick, kaypgirl, emotional-dreamer, CrimsonScarz, shobbs, Asquared91, and ALittleTooAddicted. You guys were some of my first reviewers and the reviewers who ALWAYS reviewed, and I love you for it. There are so many more of you and I'm sorry If I left you out. I LOVE YOUUU!!!
Hahahhaa. I feel weird writing all of that.
Hey! Go download Golden Slumbers by The Beatles, as most of it (excluding the first two lines) is right at the end!
This is the very last Chapter of Just the Summer... awww... I'm really glad with the response I got with this one. And, I hope you like my next few stories. (DARE I SAY THERES MORE PLOTLINE?????:O!!!! how scandalous.) So go ahead and read! See how she ends!!
Chapter Twenty Four: The End
Looking down at my own funeral from above the cemetary seemed ironic somehow. I expected to be in the coffin down there. Instead there were mere rocks to weigh it down. Carlisle had done a good job of hiding my body from everyone. Especially when my body was still moving around.
Standing on the hill with Edward was bringing a small kind of sadness to me. I never expected to feel so bad about losing my family. I was already forgetting most of my earlier memories. But, seeing Renée, Charlie and Phil down in the procession of black, I felt guilty. I was leaving them to believe that I was dead, while I was really partially alive. At my funeral, almost the entire town was there. After my casket was laid in the cold ground, everyone had left, except for my parents. Only Charlie and Renée were left. Once everyone was out of sight, I could hear Renée's pained sob as she collapsed into Charlie's arms.
There was a strange lump in my throat. One I remembered from the sensation of crying. I turned to look at Edward in his black attire. Both of us were dressed for a funeral, as a goodbye to my previous life. I put my arms around his chest and he held me tightly.
"I love you," he whispered. I smiled and kissed his neck. He shuddered. Now I had a more noticable effect on him, like he always did on me.
We drove back to my house so that I could pick up a few things while Charlie was out. Things he wouldn't notice so much like clothes Alice and Rosalie had bought me, and a certain Christmas present. I walked through the house slowly, saying goodbye to my home. I walked into the kitchen, there were dishes still in the sink. I placed a letter on the table, one Edward didn't even know I had. Just as I placed it there I heard Charlie entering. I raced up the stairs and out my bedroom window. Outside the house I could hear his choking sobs as he read my letter to him.
I love you so much. I know this is probably a little late to send this to you, but I have to. I want you to know that living with you was the greatest thing that ever happened to me. I want you to know that whatever happens, wherever you go, I will always love you, and I will always be there for you.
Please don't feel guilty or sad because I am so young. Be glad for me, because I am happy now, and I am not afraid.
I want you to know that this isn't the end. That, throught the good and the bad times I will always love you and remember you. No matter what.
I stood next to the open door of Edward's car and stared at the window. Edward said nothing and waited for me in the car. I listened to Charlie's sobs but I could hear a lighter tone to them, almost as if he were smiling. Then, his figure appeared at the window and he pulled back the curtains. Our eyes met in that instant and we both took in a sharp breath.
I smiled at him, his expressions turned blank. As I climbed into Edward's car I blew him a kiss and wiggled my fingers towards him. We drove away quickly and I turned back to my home. Charlie was in the window, smiling contentedly, holding his heart. It made me feel good to know that the closure I'd given him hadn't left him on a sad note.
Back at the Cullens' mansion everyone was finishing packing up their things. We were moving away so that I could get a new start on my vampire life. The Cullens' reason was to 'ease Edward's grief' after losing me.
We both climbed out of the car to wait for the others. Edward and I met in front of the car and he quickly pulled me into a hug.
"It's going to be okay now, you know that, right?" Edward whispered into my ear.
"I know. I'll be fine just as long as I have you." We pulled back to look at each other. Edward smiled at me warmly, causing me to involuntarily grin back. Stupid inertia. Everytime he did something I reacted without realizing it. If he was doing this to me then I had to do something too. I tried to listen to his mind.
She's so beautiful, was all he was thinking. I grinned at him and gave him a quick kiss.
"I think you're pretty too!" I said happily. Edward grinned sheepishly. "I'm still going to have to get used to that, aren't I?" I smiled and nodded, taking his hand and turning back to the house. Rosalie and Emmett were busily packing the rest of her car. Alice and Jasper were having a quick snog session that aprubtly ended as soon as Carlisle and Esme came out of the house. I watched as Esme locked the door behind her. She took Carlisle's hand and walked down the stairs. When she looked up to me she smiled and winked. They climbed into their car and began to drive away, Alice and Jasper close behind them. Rosalie and Emmett were still fighting over the packing. I turned around and came face to face with Edward again.
He took my hands and kissed my cheek, a sweet and short gesture.
"So are you going to marry me now, or what? Because if you don't I, will go crazy. I won't have it any other way." I knew he could tell what my answer was, I was grinning madly.
"Well, since you put it that way... I guess so." We both laughed and I jumped onto him, throwing my arms around his neck. We heard clapping behind us. Rosalie and Emmett were staring, eyes wide, applauding our little display. Emmett threw over a thumbs up, and Rosalie winked at me. When we got into the car I noticed that he had slipped a ring onto my finger. It was a silver band with a diamond in the center, two tiny topaz's on either side. My favourite gemstone.
He took my hand as we drove out in front of Rose and Emmett. I heard my lullaby playing out over the speakers. It was my farewell to Forks, the place that had given me my life.
Sleep pretty darling do not cry,
And I will sing a lullaby.
Golden Slumbers fill your eyes,
Smiles awake you when you rise.
Sleep pretty darling do not cry,
And I will sing a lullaby.
A/N: Thank you all for reading! I hope you are as pleased with the ending as much as I am. My writing in these last few chapters has impressed me and made me want to write more. (Time lapse three years into the future, hello this is Annilaia from 2009! As you may or may not know there were two sequels to Just the Summer, I took down the first, so if you'd like you can check out Casualties, now the only sequel to Just the summer! I'll let you get back to 2006 Annilaia now :D)

domain: literature


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Third World and Decolonization
U.S. sought to preserve close ties to Indonesian military as it terrorized East Timor in runup to 1999 independence referendumAug 28, 2019 | Briefing Book br>
Washington, D.C., August 28, 2019 – The U.S. government was aware for months that the Indonesian military had created, and was arming and directing paramilitary militias in East Timor in the leadup to the territory’s historic August 30, 1999, independence referendum, according to recently declassified documents posted today by the National Security Archive based at The George Washington University. The documents provide an unprecedented window into U.S.
Understanding the CIA: How Covert (and Overt) Operations Were Proposed and Approved during the Cold WarMar 4, 2019 | Briefing Book br>
Washington, DC, March 4, 2019 – The covert operations of the Central Intelligence Agency are one element of the forward edge of power in U.S. foreign policy. But the CIA is not a lone ranger, shooting up saloons on its own account. A senior interagency group within the United States government acts as the high command of the secret war.
Feb 27, 2019 | Briefing Book br>
Washington D.C., February 27, 2019 – The Soviet Union withdrew its military forces from Afghanistan 30 years ago this month without achieving demilitarization there or the national reconciliation, including free elections, that they sought during negotiations with the U.S., according to the declassified documents published today by the National Security Archive.
Iran’s 1979 Revolution Revisited: Failures (and a Few Successes) of U.S. Intelligence and Diplomatic ReportingFeb 11, 2019 | Briefing Book br>
Washington, D.C., February 11, 2019 – U.S. intelligence analysts and Tehran-based diplomats struggled to come to grips with the tumult of the Iranian revolution, yet still managed at times to provide considerable detail for policymakers, according to a survey of formerly classified records posted today by the nongovernmental National Security Archive.
Nov 29, 2018 | Briefing Book br>
November 29, 2018 – The formal launch today in Colombia of the Commission for the Clarification of the Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition (Truth Commission) is an important step forward in the country’s effort to consolidate peace, guarantee the rights of victims, and move forward after a long and brutal conflict that took hundreds of thousands of lives.
Jul 24, 2018 | Briefing Book br>
Declassified documents detail US policy in period leading up to, following Suharto’s May, 1998 ouster, knowledge of military involvement in student abductions and killings.
Mar 7, 2018 | Briefing Book br>
Recently declassified British and CIA documents provide new evidence on the Iran 1953 coup including on the role of Iranian clerics
Feb 12, 2018 | Briefing Book br>
Washington, D.C., February 12, 2018 – A partially-declassified CIA history of the 1953 coup in Iran, released in late 2017, includes an-depth critique of how the agency approached the operation, highlighting the effects of bureaucracy and politics on the conduct of U.S. clandestine activities. The CIA report, posted today by the George Washington University-based National Security Archive, also reveals details about the hatching of the covert plot as well as its execution.
Oct 17, 2017 | Briefing Book br>
U.S. government knew Indonesian Army was engaged in mass murder against Communists starting in 1965; U.S. supported suppression of left-leaning labor movement
1953 Iran Coup: New U.S. Documents Confirm British Approached U.S. in Late 1952 About Ousting MosaddeqAug 8, 2017 | Briefing Book br>
Washington, D.C., August 8, 2017 – The British Foreign Office approached the Truman administration on more than one occasion in late 1952 to propose a coup to overthrow Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, according to freshly declassified State Department documents. Posted today for the first time, two previously Top-Secret memoranda from senior officials at State refer to a series of communications and meetings beginning in October 1952 in which British officials tried to win U.S. approval of Mosaddeq’s ouster.

domain: history


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Karl Marx, who may have done more than any single intellectual to influence history, turned 200 years old Saturday, a birthday that caused predictably polarized responses. Left-wing filmmaker and activist Michael Moore tweeted a “happy birthday” message, asserting that Marx proved right about most things, citing as evidence polls that show most young Americans prefer socialism to capitalism. USA Today columnist James Bovard, a libertarian, wrote that Marx’s birthday should not be celebrated because his ideas inspired regimes that “produced the greatest ideological carnage in human history.”
The debate about Marx boils down to two essential questions: Is it fair to blame Marx for the way his ideas have been applied, and are those ideas still relevant?
As an erstwhile refugee from communism — I was born in the Soviet Union and lived there until age 16 — I admit I have a built-in allergy to Marxism. Is this an unfair bias? Many people, including some Soviet dissidents, have argued that the Soviet regime was built on a distortion or misunderstanding of Marxist philosophy. I’m open to the possibility; but the fact is that the past hundred years have seen many attempts to build a society based on Marxist ideas. Every one of them has led to economic misery and repression, most recently in Venezuela. Many have resulted in mass killing, with an overall death toll of about 100 million. That’s quite a misunderstanding.
It is true that one cannot find a prescription for the Soviet gulag or the Cambodian killing fields in Marx’s writings. But he did express approval of “revolutionary terror.”
Marx’s defenders, such as philosophy professor and writer Jason Barker, who penned a defense of Marx for The New York Times op-ed page, argue that Marx’s strength lies not in prescriptions, but in his critique of capitalism. To some, recent developments, such as growing economic inequality and the declining fortunes of the middle class in Western capitalist democracies, show the Marxist critique, which predicted impoverishment of the working masses, was correct after all.
But one also can point to many trends that contradict this notion, from the past half-century’s massive strides in reducing global poverty to the flourishing of entrepreneurship and self-employment in America. The role of intellectual capital in the high-tech age undercuts the fundamental Marxist belief that capitalism is built on the exploitation of physical labor. And people still flee from communist or quasi-communist regimes to capitalist democracies, not vice versa.
Barker asserts that the continued relevance of Marx is shown by the extension of his ideas of class conflict to the contemporary politics of race and gender and to liberation movements such as #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo. But arguably, this claim actually shows the pernicious effects of Marxism. Both movements unquestionably express valid grievances: police brutality that disproportionately affects African-Americans, sexual harassment and violence that disproportionately affect women. Yet in both cases, a Marxist lens that substitutes race or gender for class and reduces these problems to the “class struggle” of black versus white or women versus men often turns out to be the worst possible approach. It promotes polarization, offers deceptively simple answers to complex problems, and demonizes entire demographic groups as oppressors.
If identity politics are Marxism today, this is definitely not the elusive “good Marxism.”
Marx’s most famous line in the 1848 “Communist Manifesto” was, “A specter is haunting Europe, the specter of Communism.” Today, the specter of Marx still haunts the world — for bad more than good.
Cathy Young is a contributing editor to Reason magazine.

domain: news


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An Action Hero box office day 1 collection: Ayushmann Khurrana off to a ‘very dull’ start
An Action Hero box office day 1 collection: Ayushmann Khurrana's latest thriller got positive reviews but they have not translated into traffic at ticket windows.
The early estimates are in for Ayushmann Khurrana's latest release, An Action Hero. The box office predictions suggest a slow start for the actor's latest thriller. (Also read: An Action Hero review: Ayushmann Khurrana packs a punch in this cat and mouse chase between trigger-happy men)
As per a report in Box Office Worldwide, An Action Hero's early estimates suggest that the film will open somewhere around ₹1.35 crore. A report in KoiMoi predicted a similar figure. This is much similar to what Ayushmann's last two releases: Doctor G and Anek had collected on opening days.
A report in Box Office India stated that the morning collections were even less than Anek but trends might show progress towards the evening. While Anek did made just ₹1.77 crore on its first day, Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui opened with ₹3.75 crore. Meanwhile, Doctor G has earned ₹3.87 cr on Friday. Clearly, Ayushmann's films are not getting the reception one would hope.
An Action Hero, also starring Jaideep Ahlawat, is helmed by debutant director Anirudh Iyer. Billed as slick actioner with an offbeat satirical sense of humour, the film follows an artist’s journey both in front and behind the lens. In the movie, Ayushmann plays Manav, an action hero on the run from Bhura Solanki (Jaideep), who wants to avenge the mysterious death of his brother.
Ayushmann told PTI in a recent interview that An Action Hero doesn't have any social message. "It's just pure thrill, entertainment,” he said. “We have reels and everything on the (Insta)gram, on phones. So, the competition for theatrical release is not just from OTT, it's from social media too.” Asked if any of his previous hits can lure people to cinema halls even today, the National Award winner said he would bet big on family entertainers.
"A film like Andhadhun, Badhaai Ho will definitely do those numbers. Even Bala to an extent because they are funny films. The humour along with emotions are wider films, they are all family films. People go out with their families in theatres. The restricting films may not work, they are great for OTT. You have to widen your audience and give that film to them," he added.


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"數字絲路印" (Digital Silk Road Stamp). Stone stamp. Its calligraphic style based on archaic style of Chinese character, seal script 篆?. Surrounding geometric pattern indicates abstract image of the trading routes which spread over the whole Eurasia. The character "絲"shown in the center means "silk", the very symbol of ancient trading routes between West and East.
Chinese title "數字絲綢之路" (Digital Silk Road) follows the Han Wooden Slips excavated much along the Silk Road.
English title "Digital Silk Road" expresses lyrically the image of ancient Silk Road spun by people.
Ruins along the Silk Road make us feel the living and working of the ancient people. These three works represent the changes of immemorial time and space by light ink.
The original plates of background pictures can be seen in our Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books.
Every image is arranged by combining the above stamp, calligraphy and old pictures. Some background calligraphies are the portions of expanded images of the original ones.


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What do you do when it’s so hot outside that you child declares he’ll only eat a smoothie for lunch? Make sure that smoothie is a nutritious meal in and of itself. To make this smoothie, I combined lots of greens – kale, spinach, and spirulina powder, generous amounts of healthy fats and protein – coconut and cashew butters, frozen bananas to give it some sweetness and to make it nice and cold, as well as some cacao powder to make it all taste yummy (in addition to cacao’s wonderful nutritional benefits)..
Here’s how I made it:
Meal-in-a-Glass Smoothie Recipe
½ pound Greens (I used a mix of kale and spinach)
½ cup Coconut Butter (I use THIS)
½ cup Cashew Butter (I use THIS)
½ cup Cacao Powder (I use THIS)
4 Bananas, frozen in chunks
2 teaspoons Spirulina Powder
Water or Milk to bring to desired consistency
Place all ingredients into a high-powered blender and blend until smooth.
Serve and enjoy.
NOTE: This recipe served three of us for lunch.

domain: food


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Crain’s Chicago Business today announced that Devbridge has been named to the 'Fast 50' list of fastest-growing companies in Chicago for the second straight year.
Since 2007, Crain's 'Fast 50' feature has spotlighted Chicago-area companies with the highest revenue gains over a five-year period in business. Devbridge was ranked 13 on last year's 'Fast 50' list.
"I'm incredibly proud of the team that has made this kind of growth a reality," Aurimas Adomavicius, Devbridge president, said. "It's an honor that emphasizes the value of people-focused software, and how technology can fuel progress in businesses and communities."
Devbridge, founded ten years ago, is headquartered in Chicago’s River North neighborhood, with additional offices in Canada, the U.K., and Lithuania. To be considered for the 'Fast 50' list, companies must be based in the Chicago area and have generated a minimum revenue of $15 million in 2017.
On June 22, Crain’s will announce the full rankings, including the first-place winner. Stay tuned! You can view a list of each of the companies on the 'Fast 50' list here.
As we grow, so does our team. You can check out our open positions and apply here.

domain: geography


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Strong performance in the Green Hell: Eight class wins for PAGID Racing at the Nürburgring 24 Hours30. September 2020 -
PAGID Racing partner and customer teams showed a strong performance at the 2020 Nürburgring 24 Hours. They claimed a total of eight class wins at the 48th staging of the classic endurance race in the Green Hell.
It was a turbulent race at the legendary circuit in the Eifel with challenging conditions for both teams and drivers. The race was even interrupted with the red flag due to poor visibility and standing water on the track during the night – the seventh weather caused red-flag situation in the history of the race.
Class wins for PAGID Racing
P1 in AT: Four Motors Bioconcept-Car (#320 Porsche 911 GT3 Cup II)
P1 in SP 10: Hofor Racing by Bonk Motorsport (#70 BMW M4 GT4)
P1 in SP 3T: Hyundai Team Engstler (#165 Hyundai i30nFastback N)
P1 in SP 8: GITI TIRE MOTORSPORT by WS RACING (#53 Audi R8 LMS GT4)
P1 in SP-PRO: BLACK FALCON Team IDENTICA (#35 Porsche 911 GT3 CUP MR)
P1 in SP-X: Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus (#704 SCG Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus)
P1 in V2T: Pixum CFN Team Adrenalin Motorsport (#330 BMW 330i G20)
P1 in SP 4T: #86 Porsche Cayman 718 GTS
BACK TO NEWS
Thrilling battle for Global Mazda MX-5 Cup title16. September 2019 -
The 2019 Global Mazda MX-5 Cup is entering its decisive stage. With only two races remaining, six drivers still have a chance of claiming the title in the hotly contested one-make series. Fans can look forward to a thrilling season finale at WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca (20-22 September).
Drivers’ and teams’ titles for Liqui Moly Team Engstler in TCR Asia Series10. September 2019 -
A great success in the TCR Asia Series: Luca Engstler defended his title and is the TCR Asia Series champion again. His teammate Diego Morán rounded out the 1-2 in the drivers’ standings for Liqui Moly Team Engstler with his second place. Moreover, the long-standing PAGID Racing partner again secured the title in the teams’ classification. The Car Model of the Year Award for Hyundai crowned the successful performance.
Success in the Green Hell: Class wins and podiums at the Nürburgring 24 Hours27. June 2019 -
PAGID Racing partners and customer teams performed strongly at the Nürburgring 24 Hours. They claimed six class victories in total at the 47th staging of the endurance classic on the Nürburgring-Nordschleife. The race was an eventful one, dominated by penalties, Code 60 phases, and the retirement of many of the favourites. Second place overall rounded off the strong showing in the Eifel Mountains.
Victory in WTCR: Norbert Michelisz triumphs at the Nürburgring27. June 2019 -
Norbert Michelisz took victory in the opening FIA WTCR race at the Nürburgring-Nordschleife. The BRC Hyundai N Squadra Corse driver made a good start, moving to the front of the field in the first corner, before defending his lead for the rest of the race: After three laps of the Nürburgring-Nordschleife, the 34-year-old Hungarian crossed the finish line in first place in the #5 Hyundai i30 N TCR to claim his first win of the season.
New WorldSBK Safety Car with PAGID Racing brake performance02. May 2019 -
The Hyundai i30 Fastback N is the new Official Safety Car of the 2019 MOTUL FIM Superbike World Championship (WorldSBK). The specially customized i30 N is equipped with PAGID Racing brake pads for maximum stopping power.
Strong Dealers for North America01. May 2019 -
PAGID Racing has further expanded its dealer network in order to ensure an even better availability of the PAGID Racing products in North America. Customers who are trusting in PAGID Racing brake performance can contact eight strong partners in the United States and Canada. They all have vast PAGID Racing knowledge and can support the drivers and teams with all questions and braking solutions.
Europe: A 1-2-3 in the Nürburgring 24-hour race and further top results13. December 2018 -
For PAGID Racing, the 2018 motorsport year in the European race series was a great success. Next to the outstanding 1-2-3 in the ADAC Zurich 24h-Rennen at the Nürburgring, the teams using PAGID Racing Brake Performance were successful, among others, in the VLN Langstreckenmeisterschaft, the Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup, EuroFormula Open, various TCR series as well as in rally competition.
USA: Victories in Pirelli World Challenge, at Pikes Peak and in further top race series13. December 2018 -
Successful in the USA: PAGID Racing partner and customer teams shone among others with top results in Pirelli World Challenge, the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, Continental Tire SportsCar Challenge, the F3 Americas Championship and in the Thunderhill 25 Hours.
Asia: Victories at Macau and in the TCR category13. December 2018 -
In the FIA Formula 3 World Cup at Macau, PAGID Racing partner and customer teams locked out the podium: Dan Ticktum (Motopark Academy) repeated his victory from the previous year at the legendary Guia Circuit and was again crowned as the FIA Formula 3 World Champion. His teammate Joel Eriksson and Sacha Fenestraz (Carlin) claimed second and third place respectively. The Liqui Moly Team Engstler also stood out with various titles in the TCR Asia Series and in the TCR Middle East International Series.
Worldwide: Maiden victory in FIA WEC and title in FIA WTCR13. December 2018 -
A new winner: for PAGID Racing, the maiden victory of the new Aston Martin Vantage GTE at Shanghai was the FIA WEC season highlight. In the FIA World Touring Car Cup, TMD Performance GmbH’s motorsport brand also scored great achievements with 1-2s in the drivers’ and teams’ standings.

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Catalogue No: CM208
Shop Product Code: 180225K
A suite of 6 superb pieces by Gary Ryan who many consider to be the UK's finest classical guitarist. Ryan's lyrical and atmospheric style effortlessly draws on the inspiration of images of America's Wild West to provide an exceptionally attractive set of pieces which can be performed individually or as a suite lasting 25 minutes. Ryan recorded the suite on CD in 2003.
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