A congressional appropriations subcommittee this week denounced efforts by the Department of Housing and Urban Development to cut back spending on housing for the poor by 70 percent.
"Most of the agencies who come before us used the 4.3 percent" level of spending cuts required early this year to comply with the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings budget deficit-reduction law, said Rep. Edward P. Boland (D-Mass.), chairman of the HUD and independent agencies subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee. In contrast, Boland said the subcommittee found HUD's deep cuts "distressing."
"There ought to be a better way of meeting the deficit-reduction problems the department has" than making massive reductions in housing assistance funds, Boland said.
Last February, HUD made 4.3 percent cuts in all its programs to meet the deficit-reduction law's first deadline, but then, in its fiscal 1987 budget request announced a few days later, proposed to rescind $5.1 billion appropriated for fiscal 1986, nearly all of it for subsidized-housing programs. HUD also asked to defer spending another $2.3 billion in fiscal 1986 subsidized-housing appropriations.
In its proposal for fiscal 1987, HUD requested only $5.5 billion for its entire budget, one-third of the 1986 appropriation, and wants to spend little of it on subsidized-housing programs.
HUD Secretary Samuel R. Pierce Jr., appearing before the subcommittee during hearings on the department's budget, said HUD's proposed fiscal 1987 budget "reflects the present reality that the federal deficit threatens healthy economic growth." When asked whether he considered 70 percent cuts in housing programs fair, Pierce replied, "This is something Congress should look at and judge . . . what they believe is fair."
HUD's requests for rescission of 1986 appropriations died when Congress failed to approve them within 45 days after they were submitted. Deferrals can take effect unless Congress disapproves them. A supplemental appropriations bill approved by the House Appropriations Committee contains provisions killing all of the proposed deferrals and ending the president's authority to defer spending money voted by Congress.
If the provision terminating the president's authority remains in the bill after it has passed the House and the Senate, President Reagan is almost certain to veto it, several Capitol Hill sources said. The bill may be considered by the House by the end of next week.
Plans to limit housing assistance to 50,000 vouchers, which low-income families can use for a portion of their rent, also drew fire from subcommittee members. HUD is putting "all its eggs in one basket" with the voucher program, Boland said, which "will be very costly" and could evolve into an entitlement program such as food stamps "that will be practically impossible to stop."
The first batches of vouchers, good for only five years, will begin expiring at about the same time as tens of thousands of Section 8 rental assistance certificates, which last 15 years, presenting the federal government with a bill that could run as high as $75 billion to renew them, Boland said.
Changes in guidelines for appraising a home that would reflect its market value more accurately will be put into effect on July 1, the two major institutions in the secondary mortgage market said this week.
The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp., known as Freddie Mac, and the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, will require that all loans they purchase be based on appraisals made using the new market-value definition.
The new rules will ensure that appraisals reflect only the market value of homes, by eliminating the value of sales concessions or creative financing used to attract buyers, particularly in times of high interest rates and flagging sales. Appraisals that include the value of financing concessions are misleading because they inflate the property's true worth.
Under the change, market value is defined as the "most probable price" of a property if it is sold, rather than its current definition as the "highest price which a property will bring."
The two corporations buy home mortgages from lenders, thus providing funds for more loans, and sell the mortgages or securities backed by them on the secondary market. Fannie Mae also holds some mortgages in its own portfolio. Together, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac buy about half of all conventional loans sold.
IN THE BUSINESS . . . The RELO National Housing Report says that the Washington area, at $143,600, has the fourth-highest average home prices in the country, behind Los Angeles ($152,700), San Francisco ($151,600) and New York ($147,300) . . . The Virginia Association of Realtors reports that home sales were up 30 percent in the state in the first three months of the year over last year, from 15,882 to 20,691. The Northern Virginia Board of Realtors says that sales were up 25 percent in its region for the first quarter, from 5,304 to 6,624 . . . The Maryland Association of Condominium Owners (MACO) and the Maryland Attorney General's and Secretary of State's offices are sponsoring a day-long seminar next Saturday on condominium ownership. It runs from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the Sheraton Silver Spring, and the registration fee is $10, which includes lunch. For more information, call MACO at 428-1942 . . . Evans Co. has started selling 67 condominiums at 1099 22nd St. NW ranging in price from $135,000 to $750,000 . . . National Development Mid-Atlantic Inc. has started construction on a $13 million, 139-unit apartment project known as Ballston Place, between Vermont and North Utah streets in Arlington . . . Jack Dogget, Tom Goodwin and JoAnna Pillis have formed Evergreen Development Associates Inc., a real estate consulting and development firm in Vienna . . . Edw. R. Carr Cos. has bought the Landmark Professional Building at 5249 Duke St. in Alexandria for $5.2 million and the Packer Park East apartment complex in south Philadelphia for $8.3 million. Carr Properties has started construction of Old Bridge Estates, 363 town houses and 255 detached homes in Prince William County . . . Donohoe Construction Co. has begun construction on a $24 million office and condominium project at 2121 Wisconsin Ave. NW . . . Ken Murphy & Associates, a new home-marketing firm, said March was the best month in the firm's three-year history, with 214 sales for a volume of $32.7 million . . . Mount Vernon Realty said it sold $262.3 million worth of homes last month . . . The home-building firm of Porten Sullivan Corp. said it sold 261 homes in the first quarter of the year worth $33 million . . . The Montgomery County Housing Opportunities Commission has about 125 loans available for moderate-income first-time home buyers at 8 7/8 percent interest for 30 years.


Without a doubt, the heat exchanger is an essential and critical component in all thermal systems, whether for industrial use (chemicals, petrochemicals, iron and steel, food processing, energy production, etc.), for the automotive, aeronautical and aerospace industries, or also for the building industry (residential or commercial).
By Christophe Weber and Quentin Blondel, GRETh – Heat Exchanger Research Group
Indeed, it is generally agreed that more than 90% of the thermal energy used in industrial processes passes through a heat exchanger at least once: it is therefore an essential and ubiquitous element for the proper operation of processes but also in the energy performance strategy framework. First of all, as a reminder: a heat exchanger’s main function is to transfer thermal energy, generally from one fluid to another at different temperature levels. The heat exchanger functions are extremely different and varied. Among others, we can mention the following main application cases:
- Liquid or gas heater or cooler;
- Heat recovery system;
- Thermal heater (as radiator);
- Dehumidifier or partial moist air condens
- Evaporator or condenser;
- And many moreer;
It should be highlighted here again that all these functions are performed by a single component type: the heat exchanger.
Efficiency and pinch minimization
From an energy point of view, the most efficient heat exchanger will be the one that will allow transfer of the most important thermal power amount through it (notion of pinch minimization, i.e. the lowest temperature difference between the two fluids within the heat exchanger) with a minimal heat transfer surface (thus considerations of material and volume) and at the same time minimizing the pressure losses which affect the consumptions of the auxiliaries necessary for the fluid’s circulation (pumps, fan, compressor).
However, pinch minimization leads paradoxically to an important increase of the heat transfer surface (and therefore the quantity of heat exchanger material and its cost) as well as very often the pressure losses (more heat transfer surface and therefore potentially more heat transfer length and thus more pressure losses). From a more concrete point of view, and based on the simple example of a tube-in-tube heat exchanger, it can be observed and understood, thanks to the figure below, the following points:
1. The more efficient the heat exchanger, the lower the pinch and therefore the higher the thermal power transferred;
2. Thus, the more efficient the heat exchanger, the larger the heat transfer surface and therefore the longer the heat exchanger will have to be. Consequently, the pressure losses increase and generate a higher energy consumption (auxiliaries power consumption);
3. However, it is clear that the more we want to reduce the pinch, the greater the required effort on the length and therefore over the heat transfer surface.
We point out that the previous remarks 2 and 3 can be subject to some nuances: beyond the heat transfer surface growth due to the length increase, as mentioned in the previous example, there are other possibilities in order to improve the heat exchanger efficiency (or to decrease the pinch). Indeed, the heat exchanger pinch can be reduced by:
- Increased heat transfer surface through the use of secondary heat transfer surfaces such as fins (and therefore without impact on the length of the heat exchanger itself);
- The heat transfer intrinsic performance growth (quality increasing of the heat transfer) by means of intensification devices such as, for example and among others, turbulators/inserts, specific surface structuration such as micro-grooved tubes or corrugations, etc.;
- The combined improvement of the heat transfer surface and the heat transfer quality through the implementation of secondary heat transfer surfaces with specific surface structuration, such as segmented fins, offset strip fins (OSF), etc.
One of the rational energy management challenges is to use, among other things, technologies that optimise these different criteria.
Beyond the heat exchanger’s technological development, it is also possible to bring a concrete answer in order to improve the global energy efficiency of the processes using them: this is expressed by their appropriate sizing. The heat exchanger sizing consists in the determination of the heat transfer surface necessary to obtain the desired performances (power, outlet temperature). At the same time, it is necessary to determine the pressure losses generated by the fluids circulation (due to friction against the walls as a result of the material roughness and the fluid viscosity) in order to verify the conformity with the specifications and the latter’s objectives.
Obviously, a well-adapted, correctly sized, well-manufactured and correctly used heat exchanger allows a significant improvement of the process efficiency and therefore of the energy consumption. However, the sizing operation remains quite delicate and often not very precise because it relies for a large part on empiricism (so complex is this science that is called thermal).
It is thus often common to take sizing precautions and assumptions which lead designers and engineers to design heat exchangers that are often oversized and consequently not fully optimised (oversizing margin more or less important). However, this oversizing is wise from the designer’s point of view. Indeed, during the real heat exchanger operation, this reduces the risk of the heat exchanger not meeting the requirements of the initial specifications: corresponding to an undersized heat exchanger case (unreachable performances). This case is undoubtedly much more problematic than a bad optimisation (important oversizing).
Ensuring design quality
Beyond this energy aspect and its optimisation, it is important to keep in mind the reality on the ground: energy optimisation is often not a priority (unlike development time and cost, manufacturing/installation/maintenance time and cost, return on investment, etc.) and satisfying a process objective is often the most important. It is therefore necessary to focus on this aspect and sizing a heat exchanger that fits it.
The heat exchanger thermal-hydraulic sizing requires a set of preliminary data, which are more or less restrictive, and which will greatly determine the quality of the design. From a project phasing point of view, the following 8 main steps can be established, which are considered essential for the success of such projects:
1. Drafting of the heat exchanger specifications: definition of the existing process input data
(temperatures, pressures, flow rates) & the desired output data (temperatures, pressures/pressure drop); characterisation of the fluids used and their specificities (saturation, critical and solidification properties, possible degradation/decomposition risks, ATEX risks, fouling/clogging type and risks, toxicity and corrosion risks); taking into account the system integration characteristics (dimensions, available space & associated compactness);
2. Design point identification: definition of the most disadvantaged operating case from the heat exchanger’s overall performance (i.e. the one which requires the largest heat transfer surface);
3. technological selection: choice of the heat exchanger type that best fits all the specifications (for example when a compromise between compactness, risk of clogging, and inspection/maintenance is required);
4. thermal, hydraulic and mechanical design: as mentioned above, heat exchanger sizing is a complex exercise and often subject to numerous assumptions. In addition to the previous essential steps, it requires the selection of a suitable heat exchanger modelling method according to the heat transfer type (single-phase, evaporation, condensation), the selection of appropriate
heat transfer and pressure drop laws for the specified geometries and heat transfer type, and the calculation of the required dimensionless parameters for the correlation validity range. This thermal-hydraulic design must necessarily be combined with a consistent and realistic mechanical design and with the standard manufacturing possibilities to meet the standards and mechanical calculation codes in force;
5. Real operating conditions simulation and variation: once the heat exchanger has been sized at its design point, the real operating conditions are often far from the said design point and it is therefore often necessary to evaluate the real heat exchanger performance for the other operating conditions. This allows us to know the variation range of the main operating criteria which will be used for example for the system regulation;
6. manufacturing: with respect to the specifications from the thermal-hydraulic and mechanical design;
7. Integration to the complete system including the recommendations of the expert to ensure, for example, a good fluid distribution in the heat exchanger and proper arrangement, if necessary, of the metrological devices which will be used for the process control and the performance tests;
8. Performance and conformity tests, in particular with acceptance tests in real operating conditions previously simulated.
These phases and an in-depth analysis by the experts will greatly determine a project’s success. For example, the choice of an ‘A’ heat exchanger technology, which is initially much more expensive than a ‘B’ heat exchanger technology, may turn out to be the best solution considering the process compactness requirement and the great maintenance and cleaning difficulty, leading to a prohibitive operating cost in the ‘B’ case, which initially seemed to be the least expensive. In order to clearly understand the importance of the statements and steps defined in the previous paragraphs, we provide in the following a short experience feedback on a simple case which illustrates the consequences of the above mentioned steps not being respected.
A customer, a spirit producer, had a new production plant built and was looking to increase the production rate in order to meet the growing demand of his consumers. Within the framework of the alembics realisation, which remains a key point of the production process, one of the key components is the condenser of the system which allows to recover the alcoholic vapors condensate. The initial project purpose was to double the condensate capacity due to the overall process production increase. The plant, built many years ago, was working perfectly and the customer asked a heat exchanger manufacturer specialised in copper alembics to design a number of new condensers to double the condensate flow. The design was carried out by the said company and the condensers were manufactured and installed.
Unfortunately, the first performance tests on site did not give satisfaction since the condensate flow rate obtained was 30% lower than expected, thus not fulfilling the customer’s objectives. An expert evaluation took place and one of the first points analysed was the design of the condensers. Technical justification notes were requested from the supplier; however, the latter was in fact unable to provide a detailed and substantiated calculation note. In fact, after investigation, the supplier’s idea was to consider that the condensate production capacity could be doubled by extending the heat exchange surface compared to the initial condenser (shell-and-tube technology) which was satisfactory. The supplier initially wanted to double the tube length, but an integration constraint did not allow this adjustment, so the heat exchanger was provided with a doubled heat transfer surface by means of the tube bundle duplication.
Nevertheless, no analysis of the internal and external flows was carried out. This led to this malfunction (30% lower condensate) because the internal heat transfer phenomena, and in particular the single-phase glycol water circulation, although easy to determine, were not subjected to the appropriate calculation analyses.
Indeed, as the fluid makes only one pass inside the tubes, the bundle duplication (i.e. a multiplication by 2 of the tubes number) has led to an increase by 2 of the available cross section for this fluid and thus divided by 2 its intra-tubular speed; or simply illustrated as:
This decrease in liquid velocity led to a change in the flow regime from an initially transient flow (close to the turbulent flow) to a laminar flow. This change, although easily identified, was not anticipated by the manufacturer and therefore resulted in a drastic decrease of the heat transfer coefficients, which is the main cause of the underperformance observed during the commissioning of the heat exchangers. In this context, intensification techniques such as inserts could have been used to compensate for this performance reduction, but the process constraints did not allow for such devices. Thus, only a complete redesign and a new manufacturing of the device could ensure that this problem was overcome.
In parallel to this analysis, the complete study carried out by GRETh has allowed us to identify operating margins on the specifications and to optimise the design of the heat exchanger. It should be noted that the critical point was not at all related to the complex thermal phenomenon to be evaluated, which is the extra-tubular multi-component mixtures condensation of alcoholic vapors with non-condensable gases, but only on the single-phase part which was the condenser thermal brake (higher thermal resistance).
This short case study shows the essential value of the expert’s knowledge, but it also reminds us of the imperative need to master, through training and feedback from associates, customers and previous generations, the knowledge of sizing and best practices necessary to achieve an optimised design that correctly fulfills the needs.
It can be said that there is no engineering field which is not faced with thermal issues, which makes the thermal knowledge necessary and if not essential, then strategic. Thus, it is advisable today, in our opinion, to also maximise efforts towards learning and raising awareness of current and future actors to new technologies and good design practices that will lead to appropriate technological developments and choices, and consequently to well sized heat exchangers: in a word, efficient heat exchangers for an efficient industry.
About the authors
Christophe Weber, PhD, is a thermal engineer and heat exchanger expert with more than 10 years experience and has been the GRETh association’s CEO since 2017.
Quentin Blondel, PhD, has been an R&D thermal engineer within GRETh since 2021 and is notably in charge of technical and scientific studies and related report writing.
the GRETh – Heat Exchanger research group – federates for 30 years industrial experts and academics in the thermal and heat exchanger-related fields, through 6 main activities:
- Technical and scientific documents watch and provision
- Echtherm heat exchanger software provision
- Technical and scientific hotline
- Expertise and specific studies
- Training courses
For more information, contact: email@example.com


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While Florida is well known for theme parks and beaches, it’s also a great place for family camping vacations.
Some of the best campgrounds in Florida are near the beach, though others are found close to Orlando and other popular vacation spots. The best campgrounds in Florida have great family amenities!
When I wrote an article on the best campgrounds in the US for families, I got so many submissions for Florida, that I decided to make a separate list just for the state! I hope you find this information helpful as you plan your family adventure vacation!
Table of Contents
- Bahia Honda State Park, 1200 S. Crandon Blvd. Key Biscayne FL
- Dry Tortugas National Park, near Key West
- Fort Pickens Campground 1463 Fort Pickens Rd, Pensacola Beach, FL
- Fort Wilderness Resort at Disney, 4510 North Fort Wilderness Trail, Lake Buena Vista, FL
- Henderson Beach State Park, 17000 Emerald Coast Pkwy, Destin, FL
- Margaritaville RV Resort, 361 Denton Ave, Auburndale, FL
- Moss Park, 12901 Moss Park Road, Orlando
- St. Andrews State Park, 4607 State Park Ln, Panama City, FL
- Westgate River Ranch, 3200 River Ranch Blvd, River Ranch, FL
Bahia Honda State Park, 1200 S. Crandon Blvd. Key Biscayne FL
If you’ve always wanted to visit the Florida Keys but you are a budget traveler, then you should definitely plan on staying at Bahia Honda State Park!
Bahia Honda is one of the best campgrounds in Florida for so many reasons, but mostly due to the location. Just an hour drive north of Key West, Bahia Honda Key is the perfect mix of relaxation and adventure. Besides relaxing in the Florida Keys, you can enjoy all sorts of outdoor adventures like fishing, hiking, geo-caching, stargazing, and swimming.
Bahia Honda campground amenities include electricity, water, picnic tables and grills. There is also a bathhouse with restrooms and hot showers and a dump station for camping convenience. Don’t forget your beach bag essentials when you go!
For those who enjoy boating or fishing, Bahia Honda State Park has a marina allowing guests to arrive by boat and stay overnight. Or for some beach time down in the Florida Keys, spend the perfect day at Bahia Honda by snorkeling in the pristine water and lounging under the palm trees in the sand. No matter what you enjoy, this is one of the best places for camping in Florida.
Dry Tortugas National Park, near Key West
Rates begin at $15 (plus separate ferry costs)
One of the most unique and adventurous campgrounds in Florida for families is on Garden Key at Dry Tortugas National Park.
This is an incredibly remote camping spot since this national park lies 70 miles off the coast of Key West.
To get there, families must reserve ferry tickets aboard the Yankee Freedom III well in advance. Tickets start at $190.00 per adult, and the journey takes about two hours from Key West. It’s a trip that kids will love as they cruise through the water and look out at the ocean all around them.
Additionally, visitors must arrange a return date in advance with the captain of the Yankee Freedom III prior to visiting the island.
Families can only spend 4 days and 3 nights on the island. There are no bathrooms, food service, or shower facilities on the island.
Essentials to bring include food, fresh water, cookware, tents, and related gear. You must also carry all of your own waste off of the island with you.
But don’t let that keep you away!
Adventurous families, planning well in advance and packing all their own supplies, will be rewarded with one of the quietest and most beautiful campgrounds anywhere.
Upon arrival at Garden Key, you and your kids will love stargazing, snorkeling, swimming at pristine beaches, and exploring nearby Fort Jefferson.
Garden Key, clearly, is a primitive campground. The eight campsites accommodate between two or three tents each. There is a grassy overflow area if additional space is needed.
Fort Pickens Campground 1463 Fort Pickens Rd, Pensacola Beach, FL
Rates are $40. (50% discount for seniors and access pass holders)
Fort Pickens Campground, part of the Gulf Shores National Seashore, is near Pensacola Beach, Florida. This campground offers the perfect family experience with a combination of great beaches and a historic fort to explore. What more could a kid want?
It’s a short hike or drive from the campground to Fort Pickens where the fort offers plenty of opportunities to explore the old living quarters and armories. It’s sure to capture the interest of children and adults alike.
The nearby pier offers an easy spot to enjoy a little bit of fishing. Langdon Beach is close by with ample space for swimming, sandcastle building, and shell collecting.
Fort Pickens is also very dog friendly, with dogs allowed on the nature trails and on the fort’s exterior grounds.
The park is gated in the evening, reducing traffic, making the campground safe for the brigades of kids on bikes scooting around the campground after dinner.
Fort Wilderness Resort at Disney, 4510 North Fort Wilderness Trail, Lake Buena Vista, FL
Rates begin at $77 (campsite only, not park tickets).
Possibly the most family-friendly campsite in the world is located in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Camping in Florida at Disney’s Fort Wilderness Resort allow guests to sleep in a tent, motorhome, or cabin on Disney property.
Families can rent bicycles, kayaks, and canoes as well as speed boats and pontoon boats. You can even see Cinderella’s castle on a boat ride on the lake.
Fort Wilderness has multiple pools to enjoy, including one with a waterslide and splash pad for younger kids. Kids can also play on the playground or in the arcade.
You can also visit the animals at the petting farm and enjoy horseback riding and pony rides as well.
Each week there is a schedule of events with a variety of crafts, games, and entertainment for all ages. Various sports can be played including tennis, volleyball, basketball, and archery.
While it is easy to walk around, families can rent golf carts or use the bus system that travels through the campground.
At night, Chip and Dale lead a sing-a-long before a Disney movie is played in the outdoor theatre. A fire pit is lit nightly so families can roast marshmallows for s’mores. Another option at night is to head to the beach to watch the Electric Boat Parade and view the fireworks at Magic Kingdom.
Henderson Beach State Park, 17000 Emerald Coast Pkwy, Destin, FL
Rates begin at $30 (plus tax and fees).
Henderson Beach State Park Campground is a fantastic place to camp while visiting the beautiful and lively Destin, Florida area.
This campground has 60 campsites ready to accommodate either tents or RVs. Maximum RV length is 60 feet. Each site has water and electricity hook-ups, as well as picnic tables and ground grills.
Keep in mind that the sites do not have sewer hook-ups but instead a dump station in the center of the campground. There are comfortable restrooms on-site as well, so campers can opt to use them and avoid the dump station if so desired.
Showers, coin-operated washers and dryers, and nearby stores and restaurants make this one of the most convenient places to camp in the state. There’s a nature trail nearby where kids can walk through dunes with their pets, which are also welcome at the campground.
Henderson Beach State Park Campground is a wonderful place for camping in Florida for families. That said, campsites are difficult to come by. Travelers wishing to stay here should plan to make reservations as soon as they become available, which is 11 months in advance.
Margaritaville RV Resort, 361 Denton Ave, Auburndale, FL
Check site for special offers when booking (currently 15% discount on summer stays)
Anyone who knows Jimmy Buffet’s song Margaritaville might wonder how family-friendly its eponymous RV resorts are.
In fact, my family had a wonderful time during our weekend stay here.
Basic RV spots fit even the largest campers and “suites” have tiki huts and a grill. There are also “cabana cabins,” where we stayed, which have beachy color schemes, good kitchens and a comfortable living room and porch.
It’s the sort of place where we saw kids out riding bikes while parents lingered over coffee. Families can swim in two large pools on opposite sides of the park. The main one has waterslides and a kids’ splashpad. It’s surrounded by mini-golf and other outdoor games, firepits, colorful Adirondack chairs, a burger grill and a pizza place, and even a play area for dogs (bark-aritaville).
There’s a Tiki bar, of course ,and in the afternoon they set up Gaga ball and cornhole for families to play while mom and dad have a colorful cocktail or local beer.
Most weekends have themes, like Glow Party or Game Shows.
By 9:30 the resort is quiet and people are in for the night.
Legoland and other family attractions are close by and Orlando’s theme parks are less than an hour away. But for a weekend stay Margaritaville offers more than enough fun and relaxation for families.
Moss Park, 12901 Moss Park Road, Orlando
Rates begin at $18 (Orange County Residents), $23 for others.
For camping in Orlando without paying Disney prices, consider camping at Moss Park. Located near Lake Nona, this campground has spots for tents and RVs. They also have primitive group campsites.
Moss Park is set on Lake Mary Jane with lake access. They offer playgrounds, a baseball field, and pavilions.
It connects to Split Oak, an area great for hiking and biking. Make sure to stop by and see the 200-year-old split oak tree that gives the park its name.
Winter is a great time for camping in Florida. If you’ll be camping at Moss Park, you don’t want to miss one of the top things to do in Orlando at Christmas, “O, What Fun in Lake Nona,” just a 15-minute drive away.
And, with it being so close to Orlando, there are lots of family restaurants in Orlando nearby to enjoy.
This park is made for relaxing and enjoying time with your family, making it one of the best places for camping in Florida for families.
St. Andrews State Park, 4607 State Park Ln, Panama City, FL
Rates begin at $28 (plus fees).
St. Andrews State Park Campground is a fun and convenient place for families to stay while exploring Florida. The Panama City campground is nestled between the Gulf of Mexico and the beautiful St. Andrew’s Bay.
With 158 sites, the campground is expansive and can accommodate many family adventures. Campsites are full hookup ready, with parking pads equipped for vehicles 25 to 50 feet.
The best part about this campground are all the family-friendly features. Besides the beach, families will enjoy exploring the and many trails — on foot or on a bike. And the on-site playground is a hit for younger kids.
It’s such a convenient place to stay, with access to drinking water, toilets, showers, and a dump station all on-site.
During the popular travel seasons of spring and summer, families will enjoy the convenient camp stores for groceries, fishing essentials and beach gear rentals.
For the best camping in Florida for families, St. Andrews State Park is hard to beat!
Westgate River Ranch, 3200 River Ranch Blvd, River Ranch, FL
Westgate River Ranch is one of the best family campgrounds in Florida, but it is so much more than just a campground. Located an hour or so south of Orlando, it’s a great spot for a weekend getaway or even a longer vacation.
No matter your comfort level when it comes to being one with nature, you’ll find accommodations that work for everyone. While they have cabins, hotel rooms, rail cars and Conestoga wagons, they also have teepees, glamping tents, RV hookups, and basic tent camping available.
Plus, you won’t run out of things to do.
Westgate River Ranch has everything from airboat rides to swamp buggy rides, plus a zipline and archery, too. If you are there on a Saturday night, don’t miss the weekly rodeo – and make sure to sign your kids up for the fun games during the rodeo as well.
While Florida is known for theme parks and beach resorts, there are certainly great places for camping in Florida for families. These campgrounds, in the Florida Keys, near Orlando, and up to the panhandle offer family friendly fun in truly unique settings.

domain: travel


text:
RULES AND FEATURES
Funny USB flash drive. Go across the field and absorbed by the beads, running from volleys of enemy guns. Think carefully and watch carefully!
Download flash player, to play the game.
Also check for plenty of:
Games for tablet and smartphone
You can play the game HUNTING FOR BALLS online 24 hours a day for free. It is no need to download and install it on your computer, and it is also not required you to be the registered user. Just ckick and enjoy. See also a set of related games below on that you might be interested to look.

domain: hobby


text:
|Reviews for An Unusual Triangle|
| Chrystal Slara chapter 10 . 10/1/2007
o you feel bad for sirius and want to slap him all at the same time... and remus forever the "nice guy"... can't wait for the next chapter i really love this story
| ginnyginny chapter 10 . 10/1/2007
wow. i certainly didn't expect him to feel quilty. i suppose i felt sirius, as adorable as he is, was still a playboy at heart. i think she's going to find out... they'll run into the girl somewhere and she will say something. or, to rid himself of the guilt, he'll tell her, only after telling her how much he cares for her. i doubt remus would spill it. can't wait for the next update.
| BeautifulBlackRose chapter 9 . 10/1/2007
Good Story. Can't wait to see what is going to happen next. Update!
| Krazi Kelli chapter 9 . 9/29/2007
this is very good, just what the doctor ordered... lol It has the perfect amount of smut and plot! Perfect! :)
| Baby.Bunny418 chapter 9 . 9/27/2007
Man i can't wait for hermione to find out, but poor remus. i hope she relizes her love for remus soon. keep up the wonderful work and have a great weekend. )
| Jaded But Oh So Lovely chapter 9 . 9/26/2007
Oh no! And I loved Sirius so much up until now... what a jerk. He's going to ruin everything. / Great chapter, can't wait to see what happens next!
| Shadolily chapter 9 . 9/25/2007
Sirius! stop being a jerk! or you could have remus win her...please...i always like HGRL better than HGSB anyways...
| o0Dreamer0o chapter 9 . 9/25/2007
god, sirius is an ass! forgoeting about hermione so soon!
| Monnbeam chapter 9 . 9/25/2007
i hope Hermione comes back early and catches him the bugger, great chapter looking forward to the next update
| autumn145 chapter 9 . 9/25/2007
BAD SIRIUS! BAD, BAD, BAD!
Poor Hermione. Stupid Hermione. She should have been with Remus in the first place.
Haha...Jenny. I know a Jenny that acts just like that and who fits the physical description...that's funny.
| LadyJanePendragon chapter 9 . 9/25/2007
Oh, i love this story you have to update soon! i want to know what hermione will do lol:D. porr remus i always thought he should end up with hermione, they would be so cute together! i really love this story, i hope you update soon:D. keep writing please i'm dying over here.
peace and luve,
| Goddess of Serpents chapter 9 . 9/25/2007
Fu*ng bastard of Sirius! Remus always has to be the good friend! He deserves so much Hermione, and Hermione should ditch Sirius! Even if he's drunk and that blonde bimbo is at fault, Sirius should know how to say no and stop! bastard! It's infuriating! Well update soon XD
| cackles the witch chapter 9 . 9/24/2007
Oh, Sirius, typical manwhore.
I have to wonder what he's thinking - he must be really jealous of Remus to do that, huh? I have the feeling his actions are going to drive Hermione into Remus' arms...
Loved the chapter and am looking forward to the next one. Update soon, pretty please!
| Elven at Heart chapter 9 . 9/24/2007
This was a great chapter. And I really hope that Hermione finds out about what Sirius did... Maybe she'll find a pair of women's underwear from under the edge of the bed... Anyways, I can't wait to see what happens next! Update soon!
Elven at Heart
| MicWhite10 chapter 9 . 9/24/2007
thanks for a updating! i have been waiting for ages. Great chapter.

domain: literature


text:
(Reuters) - Portuguese chair umpire Daniel Zeferino has been banned from tennis for life after being found guilty of match fixing and helping betters, the International Tennis Integrity Agency (ITIA) said on Tuesday.
The London-based agency said Zeferino had been 'manipulating' scores inputted into his electronic scoring device at an ITF M15 event in 2020, facilitating 'guaranteed wins' by betters on those points.
The ITIA added that Zeferino did not contest the charges and admitted his conduct in an interview.
He will no longer be allowed to officiate at any tennis event authorised or sanctioned by any international tennis governing body or national association.
(Reporting by Tommy Lund in Gdansk, editing by Martyn Herman)

domain: news


text:
If things are bad, that’s good,’ says renowned Canadian designer Bruce Mau. Because, when problems arise, people seek solutions. And this is particularly true of designers, who are optimists by default. Climate change is certainly one of the most urgent problems mankind is facing right now. We need radical action, and we need it now. That’s why What Design Can Do, in partnership with IKEA Foundation and Autodesk Foundatio, launched the Climate Action Challenge last May. The challenge invited designers, creative thinkers and imaginative trouble- shooters of all kinds to come up with bold, innovative solutions to combat the impacts of climate change.
The exhibition in Circl presents the 13 finalists selected from the 384 entries sent in from 70 countries across all continents. The 13 final projects share an award package including a production budget and a tailor-made acceleration programme aimed at making their ideas, prototypes or start-ups investment ready. That’s what we call good news for the planet!


text:
CBS has parted company with senior counsel Hayley Geftman-Gold after unsympathetic social media comments on her Facebook page about the Las Vegas mass shootings. A screenshot of an account in her name was reported to have said 'I’m actually not even sympathetic bc [sic] country music fans often are Republican gun toters.'
In a statement to Fox News, CBS said: 'This individual, who was with us for approximately one year, violated the standards of our company and is no longer an employee of CBS. Her views as expressed on social media are deeply unacceptable to all of us at CBS. Our hearts go out to the victims in Las Vegas and their families.' Ms Geftman-Gold was vice president and senior counsel of strategic transactions at CBS, a former lawyer at the dissolved law firm Heller Ehrman and a former associate at Willkie Farr & Gallagher.


text:
Vincent's is a family owned Italian restaurant that has been catering to the greatest town of Shelton and its surrounding towns throughout Fairfield county and beyond for over 20 years. at Vincent's we are dedicated to our loyal customers for serving the freshest foods, delivering the best service and just simply having our guest feel like family. our goal is simply for guests to know that when they dine with us wether its a special night out for dinner with your loved ones or a pizza night with the kids your experience here will be a memorable home away from home type of feeling.
being a family owned restaurant we take pride in our loyal customers and treat everyone with a professional but yet personable experience with our cozy and comfortable renovated dining room you will enjoy our northern & southern traditional Italian cuisine at Vincent's we also offer a full catering menu for all your special corporate events or family functions and also we do an extravagant take out business for those who can't make it out to dine with us. we promise to make every experience here with us a memorable moment and we look forward to dinning with you and your family.
thank you for visiting us and come back soon !!!!

domain: food


text:
Professors available to comment on storm’s severity, evacuation, expected flooding, infrastructure issues
EVANSTON, Ill. --- The National Hurricane Center is warning that Category 4 Hurricane Florence will produce a life-threatening storm surge along the Southeast coast, followed by potentially life-threatening freshwater flooding from the hurricane’s prolonged rainfall. South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster has ordered the evacuation of more than 1 million people.
Northwestern University experts are available to speak to the media today and as the storm progresses about the storm’s strength, expected flooding, potential infrastructure problems and evacuation.
Daniel Horton, head of Northwestern’s Climate Change Research Group and an assistant professor of Earth and planetary sciences at Northwestern’s Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, can speak about the meteorological and geographical impact of the storm and how and where the flooding could occur. He also can speak about how climate change has the potential to make these events stronger and more impactful. He can be reached at 847-467-6185 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
Quotes from Professor Horton:
“From a meteorological standpoint, this looks to be an incredibly dangerous and impactful storm. Due to forecasted stalling, both residents on the coast and inland should take the warnings very seriously.
“The hurricane’s ‘category number’ refers to the strength of the storm’s winds but it’s often the water-related impacts that are the most dangerous. From a storm-surge perspective, extensive coastal flooding is expected. In addition, this is a region that has seen long term sea level rise due to both human and natural influences. Regardless of cause, this increase in sea level will exacerbate storm surge impacts.
“The storm is currently forecasted to stall out inland. The danger with a stalled tropical cyclone is that it is going to rain in place and rain hard – similar to Hurricane Harvey, which stalled in Houston and produced unprecedented rainfall accumulations. The Carolinas, unlike the Houston area, have mountains to the west, so rainfall will be enhanced over the slopes and drain into the waterways of both North and South Carolina – areas that will have already been soaked by the landfalling storm. The accumulated water is likely to lead to substantial and dangerous flooding conditions inland and along the coast.”
On climate change, Horton said, “The scientific consensus is that climate change won’t necessarily lead to more hurricanes and typhoons, but will, when the ingredients that result in their formation come together, lead to stronger and more impactful storms.”
Joseph Schofer, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Northwestern’s McCormick School of Engineering, can speak about the risk and damage to various infrastructure components after a devastating hurricane makes landfall. He can be reached at 847-491-8795 or email@example.com.
Quotes from Professor Schofer:
“The hurricane is nature testing our defenses. We’ll learn about our infrastructure’s resilience. Particularly vulnerable are low-lying roads, bridges (from flooding and scour), traffic control devices and water supply and wastewater treatment facilities.
“Evacuation is an essential, immediate response, but if and as these storms grow in frequency and intensity, it gets terribly costly to evacuate repeatedly. The solution would be to harden infrastructure or relocate.”
Northwestern evacuation systems expert Hani S. Mahmassani can discuss weather emergency response evacuation planning and implementation, including predictive modeling of the behaviors of transportation systems and individuals.Mahmassani, director of Northwestern’s Transportation Center and professor of civil and environmental engineering at McCormick, is traveling internationally, but reporters can contact him at firstname.lastname@example.org to ask written questions or request a Skype interview.

domain: geography


With the puriFlash® XS-Vap, the concentration of your samples will no longer be a constraint! Integrating innovative technologies, evaporation times and gas consumption are reduced. Our evaporator is controlled by ultra-intuitive software to guarantee working comfort and time savings.
Its operation is simple: place your sample tubes to be concentrated in the unit, start the evaporation process and trust our needle height adjustment technology.
Within minutes, your solvent is evaporated and your compounds are ready for analysis.
The puriFlash® XS-Vap evaporator is at your side from start to finish during your concentrations/evaporations
PLUG & PLAY: Plug in. Use.
How to check the evaporation process?
Software control integrated in the device
Heating system control
Two modes: Manual et Timer (setting evaporation time)
Light control inside the bath
Select gas raws and rack configuration
Certified CE & UL
Up to 90 samples in parallel.
From a few milliliters to 250mL per position.
Use of nitrogen or compressed air to supply the device at a pressure of 1-3 bar.
Consumption is less than 1L/min per position.
Ambient up to 90°C
The level of the needles is manually adjustable according to the volume and the evaporation speed of the solvent.
Different lights visually indicate the stage of operation of the device.
Intuitive control software integrated into a touch screen control.
The puriFlash® XS-Vap is compatible with all types of solvents.
Our puriFlash® Gen 5, Gen 4 and XS racks are compatible with the device allowing direct evaporation of the tubes collected in the rack.


My latest, tackling the problematic conquest narrative of Exodus. And Lady Gaga, maybe.
I promptly went traveling for work after this went live and forgot to post it here. On accountability, small-town prophets, and the foolish un-empire of the Divine.
I wrote this piece on reclaiming Rev. Dr. King’s revolutionary legacy over at the RevGalBlogPals blog, for their “The Pastoral Is Political” section. I hope you’ll give it a read. Friends, I confess this Martin Luther King, Jr. national holiday feels so…complicated today, when in just a few days bigotry and hatefulness and misogyny and… Continue reading #ReclaimMLK
I am so proud of this new project, as part of my work with Showing Up for Racial Justice, coordinating our faith work. Give it a listen and let me know what you think!
I was humbled and honored to be asked by an indigenous leader in Denver to co-organize a 24-hour prayer vigil in support of the Water Protectors at Standing Rock (see here as well). With intention we held the vigil over the 24 hours of the US “thanksgiving” holiday, a day that celebrates a myth that… Continue reading A Word for the Water
My Dearest, Beloved White Folk ~ I see our dismay, our confusion, our anger, our fear, our grief. I share it. I feel it. I shook with weeping until early hours of the morning. I hear us. I hear our lament: Is this who we are? As a country? As a people? The hardest thing… Continue reading The Truth Will Set Us Free
Beginners Dedicated to the memory of Karen Silkwood and Eliot Gralla “From too much love of living, Hope and desire set free, Even the weariest river Winds somewhere to the sea—“ But we have only begun To love the earth. We have only begun To imagine the fullness of life. How could we tire of… Continue reading But We Have Only Begun
Everyone I know is feeling stress, anguish, anxiety at the tail end of this election season. Regardless of what happens tomorrow, we still have a struggle ahead for all of us to get free. Drink your rose and borage and yarrow, breathe, pray deeply down into your bones. We need all of us, deeply grounded… Continue reading Not Everything Is Lost
I was invited to write for the Pastoral Is Political feature at the RevGalBlogPals website, and my first post went live this morning. It’s a deeper dive into something I said in my interview that I shared last week, regarding white people being Legion. Here’s an excerpt; you can read the rest here. “We are… Continue reading We Are Legion
The Alumni Director at my seminary, the Iliff School of Theology, interviewed me a few weeks ago. I loved sitting down with her at our kitchen table with herbal tea and just talking. She asked me great questions, and I love that the interview she crafted includes lots of quotes, so you hear me as… Continue reading FierceRev Interviewed


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At check in we were told that only one of the two rooms was reserved. Fortunately, I keep copies of everything and produced my receipt for both reservations. Only then were we afforded the opportunity to check in. Glad I had my receipts! Also, the bed was not too comfortable. It was too low and too soft. I am only 5'6" and the counters in the bathroom and the bed really seemed too low even for my average height. The pool was OK, no easy entry only ladders. I have a bad knee, so it was difficult for me to get in and out. The hot tub however, was great! The overall hotel seemed dated, but appeared clean.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Holiday Inn Express Middletown, Ohio is conveniently located near restaurants and shopping. We are right off of I-75 at exit 32. We are located 35 miles south of the Dayton International Airport and 45 miles north of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Airport. The hotel is located within 15 miles of Kings Island Amusement Park and The Beach Waterpark. If your are into flea market shopping, Trader s World is a short distance from the hotel. For the business traveler the hotel is also within minutes of AK Steel, Wausau Paper, Proctor & Gamble, General Electric and Miami University. We feature 64 spacious rooms ; with indoor heated pool and hot tub; complimentary Express Start breakfast each morning. Our staff is friendly and willing to assist you in finding a great place to dine or directions to any of our local entertainment. If you are looking for a convenient location for your trip, then come and stay with us on your next visit. We look forward to seeing you at the Holiday Inn Express, Middletown, Ohio. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with IHG, Booking.com, Expedia, Travelocity, Hotels.com, Priceline, Orbitz, HotelQuickly, Hotwire and getaroom.com so you can book your Holiday Inn Express Middletown reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Holiday Inn Express Middletown Hotel Middletown
- Holiday Inn Middletown
- Middletown Holiday Inn
- Holiday Inn Express Middletown Ohio


Osiris is the result of 32 years of experience developing amplifiers. The uncompromising flagship from Rega delivers 162 W into 8 ohms (250 W into 4 ohms), and houses a dual mono design in a specially CNC-machined aluminium cabinet.
Forside / Shop / HiFi / Amplifier / Integrated amplifier / Rega Osiris
In stock1-3 days shipping.
30 Days full return policy
3 Year Member Guarantee
40 Years in Business
Rega Osiris – An uncompromising amplifier
Rega Osiris is the amplifier for you who want only the best of the best. Its musical abilities are breathtaking, and it manages to reveal the soul of any piece of music you feed it. The Osiris’ musical prowess is due to the fact that Rega has designed it around a “minimalist” high gain power amplifier, a “passive preamp” circuit topology, a passive volume control and a single power gain stage between the input and the speakers. All these features combine to create the superb music experience that Osiris will give you every time you turn it on. But while it sounds great from the start, it only gets better once it’s been allowed to warm up for a while.
Osiris can be matched with Rega’s own
turntable or Isis CD player for the perfect synergy.
- 2 x 162 watts per channel into 8 ohms (2 x 250 watts into 4 ohms)
- Thermal cutting
- Electronic thermal DC protection
- Short-circuit protection
- Galvanically insulated power supply
- Nichocon Audio Grade Conductors
- High specified mains lead
- Osiris aluminium remote control


text:
Our courses are designed to be engaging and interactive. We use a variety of multimedia elements, such as videos, animations, quizzes, and simulations to make the learning experience more fun and engaging.
Personalized Learning Path
Our platform uses algorithms to create a personalized learning path for each learner, based on their individual strengths and weaknesses. This ensures that you can learn at your own pace, and focus on areas that you need the most help with.
Our platform uses gamification techniques to make learning more fun and engaging. This includes achievements, badges, and leaderboards, which provide a sense of achievement and motivation.
Our platform tracks your progress and provides detailed reports on your performance, which allows you to identify areas that you need to focus on. This also allows our instructors to provide personalized feedback to help you improve.

domain: design


text:
This is a series of articles written by Colin Fiske of CRTP about the history of how American communities were designed for cars. These articles describe the origins of traffic laws, the criminalization of walking in the street, the rise of zoning laws that led to segregated, car-dominated communities, and more.
- The Rules of the Road. How Did We Get Here?
- The Invention of Jaywalking
- Zoning Laws and Social Injustice
- The Interstate Highway System and the Spread of Car Dominance Across the Country
- How Unscientific Parking Mandates Have Created and Enforced Car Dominance
- The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Car-Dominated Communities

domain: law


Non-uniform flow distribution in a typical feedwell
Large feedwell with no uniform flow
Typical problems with bustle pipes
The function of the clarifier is to settle out particles. This can be done by
properly recognizing that small turbulence levels can bring particles together to help them settle more easily
and that the effect of shear and strong turbulence levels will break particles leading to an increase in turbidity.
Modeling of the shear velocities in feedwells show that too much swirl is imparted
to the flow. The swirl will draw flow into the feedwell. The results is to create too much
radial and axial momentum which increases turbidity. The problem is compounded by the fact that most bustle pipes
do not pull flow equally in all holes, as shown in the above figures.
PSL models the feedwell and bustle pipes. A complete retrofit design which is manufactured at low cost is
then provided to bring clients a
simple and cost effective way to reduce turbidity without increasing tank size. The solution addresses the
fundamental problem with clarifier designs while keeping retrofit costs low.


(Title Image: Daily Post)
The UK Parliament’s Welsh Affairs Select Committee has called out what it describes as “poor coordination” between the Welsh and UK governments on penal policy, which they believe has contributed to an increase in violence at Welsh prisons.
Prisons and criminal justice are non-devolved and the responsibility of the UK Government, but some services provided to prisons – health and training in particular – are the responsibility of the Welsh Government.
Some of the Committee’s recommendations include improving the condition of prison cells, more coordination between the two governments and improved medical care – particularly in terms of drug rehabilitation, where in England substitutes are used while in Wales prisoners are “weaned off” under supervision.
The Committee also said any new prisons in Wales should primarily serve Welsh penal needs, while women’s’ residential centres should be established in north and south Wales. The Committee didn’t recommend the devolution of the criminal justice system to Wales.


text:
A Boeing 737 passenger jet with 62 people onboard disappeared over the sea in Jakarta, Indonesia yesterday, moments after take-off from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.
Media reports said the plane plummeted 3,048 metres (10,000 feet) shortly after take-off from Jakarta, reports claim.
The Sriwijaya Air plane reportedly lost contact with the control room four minutes after take-off, plunging over 3,000 metres in less than 60 seconds.
On board the 26-year-old plane were 56 passengers including seven children.
It had two pilots and four cabin crew.
Rescuers immediately took to the sea to possibly save lives but ended up finding debris suspected to be of the plane in the waters.
The ill-fated plane is an older model than the Boeing 737 MAX jet involved in two earlier fatal crashes – including the Indonesian Lion Air crash in 2018, which killed 189.
Indonesia’s transport ministry said: “A Sriwijaya (Air) plane from Jakarta to Pontianak (on Borneo Island) with call sign SJY182 had lost contact.
“It last made contact at 2:40 pm (0740 GMT).”
The budget airline said only it was investigating the incident.
Indonesia’s search and rescue agency and the National Transportation Safety Commission were also investigating, Irawati said.


text:
The feminine hygiene products that are designed for women are more feminine than those that are aimed at men, says Aja De la Vega, a consultant and product manager at the brand’s cosmetics division.
And that makes sense.
“I think there are so many ways to express femininity, whether it’s in products or in packaging,” she says.
De la Silva says that a lot of brands have taken cues from the feminine brands that have already sold well in women’s spaces.
“In terms of packaging, there are very few things that are a little more feminine, so that makes a lot sense,” she adds.
De La Vega points out that some brands are more gender-neutral in their packaging.
“A lot of our packaging is made with women in mind,” she explains.
For example, she says, they make a lot more feminine products than men’s products.
But that doesn’t mean they’re all the same.
“Some brands are very masculine, and some are very feminine,” she points out.
She explains that brands need to be able to differentiate their products from their competitors to succeed.
“It’s about making sure that their packaging is really different than that of the competition,” she notes.
De Silva says a lot can be made out of the packaging that’s been designed for one gender.
“For example, a lot is made out the packaging of the men’s range.
For the ladies, it’s more feminine,” says De la Villas.
De los Santos says she finds the packaging to be the most difficult part of her job.
“Sometimes it’s just not easy to figure out how to make products in the feminine packaging,” says she.
“That’s why we make it so that it’s really easy to get the products out of that packaging, and not in the packaging for men,” she suggests.
Aja de la Vega says that in the past, a few companies were able to create feminine-friendly packaging for their products.
“But the companies were too afraid to put in feminine materials because they thought that the women’s would take a little longer,” she recalls.
“And that’s a little bit of a mistake.”
Aja explains that there are two main types of packaging for feminine products.
One is designed to be used with women, the other is designed for men.
“Men’s packaging is just plain more masculine,” she continues.
“You can go to the grocery store and you can find feminine products there, and they’re a lot nicer.”
Ajas de la Villases, who’s been working in the cosmetics industry for more than 20 years, says that when it comes to product packaging, the most important thing is consistency.
“We need to do a better job in consistency with what our customers are using, and we need to create products that work with what we’re using,” she said.
De las Santos says that the brands that are creating the most feminine packaging are those that offer products that have a lot in common with their own brands.
For instance, they often use the same packaging for both men’s and women’s products, she explains, because they know that customers will have the same preferences.
“There’s no need to change the packaging because it’s the same for all women,” she concludes.
De Los Santos adds that it is important for brands to put a lot into the packaging.
In the past few years, the companies that have been able to do this have managed to create a lot that can be seen as feminine.
“Women are more aware of what they’re wearing, and that’s something we need,” she stresses.
De Lascas says that there’s a lot to look forward to in the coming year, because a lot has been learned and taken into account.
“The women’s market is changing, and so is the male market,” she states.
“So you need to stay on top of it.
And we need a lot better products.”


What if we allowed ourselves the space — and grace — to change? This novel asks us to do just that
Zoe Whittall's The Spectacular follows three women across generations as they learn to accept their own needs
Shelfies is a column by writer Alicia Elliott that looks at arts and culture through the prism of the books on her shelf.
The first time I went to therapy and it actually helped (which was, unfortunately, not the first time I went to therapy), my therapist told me I had something referred to as "nice girl syndrome." The term comes from a book by Beverly Engel called The Nice Girl Syndrome: Stop Being Manipulated and Abused — and Start Standing Up For Yourself, and is used to describe women who felt their societal and social value was tied up in being perceived as "nice girls." This often means that they have a hard time saying no to people, particularly those in positions of authority over them, and find themselves pressured into agreeing to do things they didn't want to do.
Before I left my therapist's office that day, reeling with new realizations, she hastily handed me a piece of paper from her desk. At the top, it read, "Personal Bill of Rights." Among the list of affirmations were the following:
- I have the right to be respected.
- I have permission to put myself first and ask for what I need, even if others choose to feel hurt.
- I have permission to change my mind, even when to do so may appear illogical to others.
- I have permission to say no to demands or requests without feeling guilty.
- I have permission to make mistakes or screw up and still feel acceptable.
- I have the right not to take responsibility for someone else. I have permission to do less than I am humanly capable of doing.
The last one, in particular, got me. Even as I read it, I felt tears welling up in my eyes, because I had not, until then, allowed myself to ever do less than I was humanly capable of doing — and the proof was in the burnout, depression and utter exhaustion that had compelled me to go to therapy in the first place.
I still have this piece of paper stuck to my refrigerator, which is perhaps why it came so readily to my mind as I read Zoe Whittall's latest novel, The Spectacular. Each of the three women who take turns narrating this novel are struggling with the ways society expects them to be "nice girls" — to do exactly what's expected of them without being able to consider what decisions are actually best for them, and without being allowed space to change their minds.
Missy Alamo, member of up-and-coming indie rock band The Swearwolves, is trying to get her tubes tied so she can live out her rock 'n' roll fantasies without worrying about accidentally becoming a mother. This eventually becomes complicated when she realizes her own estranged mother, Carola, has turned against the cult she originally left Missy and her father for. Meanwhile, Missy's paternal grandmother, a single mother who struggled throughout her life, is planning to return home to Turkey to live out her last days after a cancer diagnosis — but only after she reunites Missy and Carola. All of these women, despite the differences in their life circumstances and personalities, have been trapped by what's expected of them by society and those around them. They carry the weight of failed expectations in their very marrow, filling them with varying degrees of self-loathing and shame for daring to put themselves first, for daring to change their minds when their circumstances begin to to turn on them.
Throughout every situation Whittall cleverly sets up in this novel, she asks: are women — particularly mothers — really allowed to put themselves and their needs first? To stop being "nice girls" and still be seen as acceptable? Even nearly 60 years after Betty Friedan published her monumental second-wave feminist book The Feminine Mystique, even after most families require both parents to have an income to stay financially afloat, there still seems to be immense societal pressure on women to find the most meaning in their lives in their roles as wives, mothers and homemakers.
Missy's determination to not be a mother and have her tubes tied seems very entangled with her feelings about her own mother — what mothers are and should be, how motherhood can be a toll on women, and whether she herself can actually put her hypothetical child first when all notions of "freedom" she sees seem to say that motherhood is a trap, of sorts. But it's a trap that no doctor will let her escape. Meanwhile, Missy's bandmate Billy gets a vasectomy from the first doctor he sees. "I told him I was the lead singer in a band. He got it immediately," Billy tells Missy, laughing. "Isn't that sexist?"
What's most surprising — and, in my opinion, most refreshing — about The Spectacular is what happens to the rough-and-tumble Missy in Book Two, which takes place 16 years later. Instead of trying to get her tubes tied, this time Missy is at a fertility clinic trying to determine whether she can still have a baby. After living life without a child, and fulfilling all her younger self's hopes and dreams, she's still unsure what she wants. "I could see that child-free future clearly," Missy thinks, "and it looked like happiness and freedom, songwriting and movie scores, friendships, travel, independence. I liked my life the way it was, mostly, didn't I? Lately, I was never sure how to answer this question."
For a book that is so concerned with Missy not being a mother in the first half of the book, this switch no doubt comes as a surprise to many readers — for some, perhaps even a betrayal. Looking at the Goodreads reviews of The Spectacular, for example, it's clear that some readers didn't respond well to their expectations of Missy being challenged. But when I read it, I remembered one of the affirmations on my fridge that had, until then, seemed unimportant to me: "I have permission to change my mind, even when to do so may appear illogical to others." It's true — once you have set up certain expectations of yourself in the minds of others, they don't usually respond positively when you act outside of them. I remembered, for example, when I stopped saying "yes" to every request ever posed to me, how those who expected me to say "yes" and had not prepared for a world where I might say "no" seemed stricken, frustrated, angry with me.
A book like this — where every character, flawed as they may be, not only changes but lets go of old resentments to make way for their own growth — gives me hope.- Alicia Elliott
This resistance to even the idea of a woman character changing her mind later in life is especially peculiar when you consider that most plotlines in books, movies and TV are constructed to chart a protagonist's change from who they were before the story started to who they become by its end. Change is literally baked into plot, just like change is baked into each of our lives. I don't personally know any people who have not changed in 16 years in some way, and I doubt many others do, either. It is through witnessing change, both in fiction and real life, that we understand its importance and transformative power — and make room for ourselves and others to grow.
What would it mean to accept that people can change their minds in these fundamental ways? And if we can't conceive of a way for ourselves and others to hold the complexity required to allow for and accept change, even in fiction, what hope do any of us have for a future that increasingly seems like it will require great changes and sacrifices from all of us?
A book like this — where every character, flawed as they may be, not only changes but lets go of old resentments to make way for their own growth — gives me hope. "We all go from day to day, and our future is undefined," Whittall writes. "But isn't it always?"


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domain: medical


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I’ve recently read some fantastic literature on blues that nuances the dominant narratives, tropes, and sounds. If you’re into that, check out…
- Southern Soul-Blues by David Whiteis (2013, U of IL Press)
- Whiteis puts oft-derided and ignored soul-blues music on the same level as more prominent blues (sub)genres by exploring its past and present contexts, sounds, and major players.
Soul-blues “is every bit as rooted in the vernacular heritage as the music (or, more accurately, the musics) commonly labeled as blues. It represents, in fact, a revitalized attempt to adapt this diverse heritage to modern popular black culture and, thus—ironically, considering the ‘inauthenticity’ charge—updates the ‘blues’ aesthetic to appeal to the evolving tastes of contemporary African American audiences. Like earlier blues, soul-blues is both a popular music and a living vernacular art form. This dual identity, rather than compromising ‘authenticity,’ is precisely what exemplifies it as both a continuation and a reimagining of what’s often called the blues tradition” (5).
- Staging The Blues: From Tent Shows to Tourism by Paige A. McGinley (2014, Duke U Press)
This book “contests historiographical narratives that position the female singers of the ‘classic’ blues as either derivative or debauched imitators, on the one hand, or manipulated victims of the culture industry, on the other” (23).
- Pioneers of the Blues Revival by Steve Cushing (2014, U of IL Press)
- This book features interviews Blues Before Sunrise host Cushing conducted with 17 men who played a large part in the blues revival of the 1950s and 1960s, like Dick Waterman, Paul Oliver, and David Evans. Their opinions, reflections, and anecdotes are fascinating and enlightening in more ways than I can explain. (Also there’s some Magic Sam stories!)
If you don’t feel like reading, there’s always moving pictures to explore…
- I recently got hip to Robert Mugge, and his unreleased film A Night At Club Ebony (2006) is available online. (More of his work is on Amazon.)
- Rural Blues is a quasi-cinéma vérité documentary of Ko de Korte and Tom Haarsma’s 1989 trip to record Mississippi bluesmen.
- I’m late to the game on this one, but maybe you are, too: You See Me Laughin’: The Last of the Hill Country Bluesmen (Mandy Stein, 2002) is a gem, and features R.L. Burnside, Junior Kimbrough, CeDell Davis, T-Model Ford, and many more musicians, as well as insights from the Fat Possum guys.

domain: library


There might be a delay in the passage of the following coronavirus stimulus bill, which increasingly seems as though it may incorporate another stimulation check and an expansion, likely at a lower speed, of national unemployment checks. You might unconsciously believe a delay is poor, however, paradoxically, a grip up might prove to be in the best interest of several Americans.
Here’s the reason why.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Kentucky) has embraced a wait-and-see strategy to another coronavirus stimulation invoice. His stated reason is to utilize the opportunity to evaluate how the market is performing and also the effectiveness of earlier stimulation measures before departure the following trillion-dollar-plus help package. “As you have heard indicated, I mentioned back in March we’d take a second look at this… likely in July… have a snapshot of where we are, equally on the healthy front and also the financial recovery entrance, and decide at that point what has to be carried out farther,” McConnell said in late June.
Other Republicans have resisted McConnell’s rationale. A spokesperson for Senator Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) commented following the most recent jobs data was published the report”underscores why Congress ought to have a thoughtful strategy and not hurry to pass costly law… before obtaining a better understanding of the financial state of the nation.” “I believe we have invested a huge sum of money, maybe not all of it’s been invented yet… and that I believe we must evaluate what we’ve done before we do anything else,” he said.
McConnell Tries To Run The Clock Out On Democrats
Even though McConnell’s wait-and-see strategy is legitimate, there’s also a second, more tactical reason why he’s been pushing off discussions until July 20. Shortening the time to negotiate ratchets upward pressure on Democrats and supplies Republicans with added leverage. For instance, expanding the $600 national unemployment bonus that’s set to expire at the end of July, has been among the greatest points of contention between the two sides. While the improved advantage has been a crucial lifeline for millions of Americans, Republicans assert it has made a disincentive to return to work.
The improved unemployment benefits will discontinue on July 25 or July 26, which will not leave much time to pass a bill that prevents payment disturbance. This plays into McConnell’s hands. He’s basically forecasting that Democrats will acquiesce to a far lower benefit to guarantee continuity and prevent financial calamity for countless Americans that are hooked on them.
The GOP was signalling lately it is available to”unemployment reform,” as Larry Kudlow place it, but maybe not in the present amount of $600 in benefits each week. The significant questions for Democrats would be: What reduced rate of weekly benefits are they ready to take and how can they withstand Republican demands with a looming deadline?
In the same way, McConnell has signalled a second stimulation check”could be” part of the following stimulus bill. But, Republicans are also considering lowering the quantity of the check or limiting income eligibility at $40,000. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has just voiced scepticism of their income limit, stating she believes”families earning over $40,000 likely require help, again, based on their household situation.” McConnell may attempt to run the clock out Pelosi to waive reduced income limitations, understanding that when a bill is not passed before the summertime Congressional recess starts, Americans would not see relief until September when Congress returns.
There are myriad problems to tease out from the upcoming stimulus bill, such as state/city support, liability protection for companies, direct stimulation payments, unemployment benefit extensions, and cash for schools in addition to potential financing for testing, contact tracing, and vaccine supply. That’s a massive list to handle in under three months, and it is partly a negotiating strategy on McConnell’s part.
If unemployment benefits die without an agreement in an expansion, millions of Americans will suffer. McConnell is basically betting that Democrats will be blamed when the Senate suggests law and the House does not leap on board to pass it fast. He’ll use the brief calendar before Congress recesses to boost pressure on Democrats to take the Republican suggestions on decreased unemployment benefits and more closely scoped second stimulation checks.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-California) was fairly quiet since the House passed the HEROES Act at mid-May. But she recently came out to blunt McConnell’s plan by declaring that she’s amenable to reevaluate the scheduled August House recess if extra time is required to achieve a deal on enhanced unemployment benefits and other provisions. “We absolutely need to. We also need to come to an arrangement.
Pelosi is basically attempting to change public understanding about who’s liable if a bargain fails to materialize within the upcoming few weeks. Her openness to keep the House in session is supposed to indicate that Democrats won’t break before a deal has been reached and an effort to divert the blame back to McConnell and Republicans. It’s also a sign that she will not only cave in to demands to reduce unemployment benefits appreciably or place in stringent income eligibility conditions on second stimulation checks (recall, House Democrats suggested extending federal unemployment benefits in the 600 level and expanding the reach of second stimulation payments at the HEROES Act). Considering that the efficacy and prevalence of this unemployment bonus and instant stimulation check, this type of stance could pay off for Pelosi and fiscally for countless Americans; nevertheless, it might result not just in a slugfest but also in a delay to manoeuvre another invoice.
Stronger Negotiating Ranking May Delay Passage, But Result In Increased Gains
There’s not any doubt that a small disturbance or delay in getting benefits will negatively affect countless Americans; nevertheless, it might finally be worth a little sacrifice if, hypothetically, it ends in a $400 yearly unemployment benefit rather than a $200 one. Likewise, if a brief hold up signifies that Democrats are in a position to negotiate increased income qualification of second stimulation checks – for instance, from $40,000 to $70,000 – which may create countless Americans better off.
Pelosi’s recent announcements about maintaining the House in session indicate a strong Democratic negotiating plan on core provisions such as improved unemployment benefits and instant stimulation checks, which ought to be a net advantage for countless Americans. With entrenched positions on either side, do not be shocked if protracted negotiations result in some delay in reaching a bargain and lead to a bill, not death until later in August. But if this occurs, it might indicate that Americans will see greater national unemployment benefits and income eligibility standards for instant stimulation checks than that which Republicans may attempt to ram through due to a tight deadline. To put it differently, not all flaws are poor.


Over the past month, lower gold and silver prices were once again the key drivers of the Global Precious Metals MMI® decline, but more historically, fell below the 100 baseline for the first time since the MMI series began.
Increases in platinum and palladium prices, mainly due to optimistic outlooks for the global auto sector, couldn’t stanch this month’s gold and silver drops.
One main trend to watch is what the Federal Reserve does with its quantitative easing program. The job market’s performance may drive the Fed’s next moves, but sources indicate that with long-end bond rates increasing sharply, rising funding costs will likely constrain any near-term tightening from the Fed. In general, if non-farm payrolls have a poor showing, gold prices could go up.
However, physical gold demand in Asia, Europe and the US remains strong, according to recent World Gold Council study figures.
The WGC anticipates between 300-400 tons of gold imports into India in Q2 2013, a 200% year-on-year rise. According to the study, most Indian and Chinese consumers surveyed believe that gold prices will rise or remain stable over 1- and 5-year timespans.
Key Price Drivers
The monthly Global Precious Metals MMI® registered a value of 98 in June, a decrease of 3.9 percent from 102 in May.
Chinese silver was down 9.0 percent for the month. The price of US silver closed the month after dropping 8.5 percent. A 7.3 percent drop over the past month left Chinese gold bullion lower. Following a 6.0 percent decline in price, US gold bullion finished the month. A 5.6 percent decline for Indian silver left the price down.
Indian gold bullion prices fell 4.5 percent. The price of Japanese silver fell 4.5 percent. US platinum bar prices dropped by 3.4 percent this month. Japanese gold bullion closed the month after dropping 2.4 percent. The value of Chinese platinum bar weakened by 0.6 percent this month.
The price of Japanese palladium bar jumped 8.9 percent last month. Following a 7.5 percent change in price, US palladium bar closed the month. Chinese palladium bar had a 6.3 percent increase for the month. The price of Japanese platinum bar rose 0.8 percent after falling the previous month.
The Global Precious Metals MMI® collects and weights 14 global precious metal price points to provide a unique view into precious metal price trends over a 30-day period. For more information on the Global Precious Metals MMI®, how it’s calculated or how your company can use the index, please drop us a note at: info (at) agmetalminer (dot) com.
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Peterborough-based TGA Haulage is adding another two Mercedes-Benz eight-wheeler Arocs to its fleet after being impressed by the vehicles’ running costs and the “amazing” aftersales service from dealer Intercounty Truck and Van.
These latest additions are part of an ongoing fleet refresh which has seen the company phase out one brand of trucks in favour of Mercedes Benz vehicles. TGA currently operates seven Arocs of which most are standard 32-tonne 8x4s. However the line-up also includes an ENA model with single front steer axle, double-drive bogie and rear-steer axle, and a 6×4 26-tonner.
The two mixers are both 3243 variants and come with a full complement of advanced technology including MirrorCam. Other standard-fit equipment includes Active Brake Assist 5 emergency braking with pedestrian-recognition capability, and the enhanced Predictive Powertrain Control system, which manages gear changes and ensures that full use is made of the Mercedes PowerShift 3 transmission’s Eco Roll function to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
The trucks also come with Multimedia Cockpit,which is interactive and is an upgraded version of Mercedes-Benz Trucks’ twin screen dashboard, boasting a larger, 12 inch instrument panel, as well as satellite navigation.
TGA’s new Arocs also have StreamSpace2.3m sleeper cabs which, and are finished with colour-coded bumpers and grilles and have Dura-Bright alloy wheels which reduce weight.
The trucks’ 10.7-litre in-line six-cylinder engines produce 315 kW (428 hp) and drive through 12-speed Mercedes PowerShift 3 automated manual transmissions. Their 7.5m3 drums are by Motherwell-based McPhee Mixers.
- Environmental Waste Management takes delivery of Mercedes Arocs tankers from S&B Commercials
- JC Balls and Sons hails Mercedes and MirrorCam
- Montgomery Transport orders 100 Actros from Intercounty Truck & Van
Owner Tom Allen said: “I like the idea of uniformity within the fleet, and the Arocs is now firmly established in my mind as the best vehicle for our kind of work. It’s beautifully put together and a real pleasure to drive, particularly the latest examples, which are loaded with technology that makes life safer and more comfortable for the individual at the wheel.
“I’m a big fan of MirrorCam, which provides much improved visibility. The images from the roof-mounted cameras remain crisp and clear, even when it’s raining, which means you no longer have the hassle of wiping the water and road debris from standard wing mirrors.”
He continued: “Factor in the Mercedes-Benz truck’s fuel-efficiency and attractive overall running costs, and the high ground clearance that gives it a big advantage when working on rough terrain, and it all adds up to a very compelling proposition.”
Allen, who founded TGA Haulage in 2014, said the aftersales service was another key factor in his decision. “Truck sales executive Paul Hind looks after me really well, while his colleagues at Intercounty Truck & Van’s workshop here in Peterborough are nothing short of amazing,” he said.
He added: “The Arocs is supremely reliable but you’ll always get the occasional breakdown. Crucially, the dealer’s team understand how important it is for a small-scale operator like me, to avert the crisis that can result from unplanned vehicle downtime.
“They’ve been a lifeline on more than one occasion, providing fast, efficient roadside assistance and coming up with temporary fixes that have kept me on the road until issues could be fully resolved.
“Great customer service is all about the personal touch, and in my experience nobody does it better than Intercounty Truck & Van.”
The post Concrete operator TGA Haulage mixes it with another two Mercedes-Benz Arocs appeared first on Motor Transport.


The UCLA Music Library provides access to one of the largest academic music collections in North America and the largest in Southern California.
The UCLA Library subscribes to almost every major online resource for music including article databases, e-books, and online audio.
With approximately 80,000 books, 115,000 scores, over 100 journal subscriptions, more than 200,000 sound recordings, as well as visual media and an exhaustive collection of facsimiles of music scores, the resources for music research support the study of music, musicology, and ethnomusicology.
Recently, the UCLA Music Library has shifted priorities towards materials related to underrepresented musicians and composers as well as local music-making communities.
Selected collections include:
- Avalon houses streaming audio and video collections at UCLA. Content is restricted to UCLA users and requires additional UCLA authentication for use both on and off campus via the "Sign in" link.
- The Contemporary Music Score Collection includes digital, open access scores published by the UCLA Music Library in eScholarship.
- The Donovan Meher Collection documents Rock Music from approximately the 1980s to 2010. His family writes, "this collection is the soundtrack of his life, his passion, and an instrumental piece of his legacy. Thank you for listening."
- The Southern California Punk Collection.
- The Southern California Hip-Hop Collection.
Endowments that help build the collections supporting student teaching and learning and faculty research include:
- Professor Richard Hudson Endowment for Music (advanced research resources)
- Joan S. and Ralph N. Goldwyn Endowed Jazz Collection (jazz performance and research materials)
- The Hugo and Christine Davise Fund for Contemporary Music (collections and projects related to music after 1900)
- Henry J. Bruman Endowed Collection Development Fund (Germanic cultural material)
Giving to the Music Library provides information if you would like to contribute, even in a small way, to the Music Library’s more than fifty years of service to the UCLA and Southern California music communities.
Other Music Related Collections at UCLA
Performing Arts Special Collections has extensive rare and antiquarian books and scores as well as archives of individual musicians and musical organizations. Highlights include Venetian Libretti from the 17th and 18th centuries, the archives of Southern California musical organizations, film and television composers and archives from studios, and American popular music, including more than 100,000 pieces of sheet music and song folios from the early 19th century to the present.
Founded in 1961, the UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive is one of the largest “world music” media archives in North America and includes traditional, folk, popular, and art musics from Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific islands, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas. Here, the communities of Southern California, international researchers, and UCLA students and faculty can explore the rich variety of musical expressions throughout the world. As part of the University of California and as an institution located within the state, the Archive has a special interest in collecting and preserving the music of California and in collaborating with community partners. The Archive also hosts monthly screenings from musicians and scholars.