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To examine, in the light of the relevant provisions of the covered agreements cited by the United States in document WT/DS126/2, the matter referred to the DSB by the United States in that document and to make such findings as will assist the DSB in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in those agreements. (WT/DS126/4)
Chairperson: H. E. Carmen Luz Guarda
Members: Mr. Jean-François Bellis
Mr. Wieslaw Karsz
(a) that Australia produce, by 30 November 1998, authentic copies of certain documents11 for review by the Panel and the United States;
(b) "rejecting Australia's argument that any further proceedings before this Panel should be terminated";
(c) "that the United States has met its obligations under Article 4.2 of the Subsidies Agreement"; and
(d) "rejecting Australia's argument that the Panel should disregard those facts and argument not explicitly set forth in the consultation request".
(a) that "the establishment of the Panel was inconsistent with the DSU and that as a consequence the Panel should terminate its work";
(b) that "in WT/DS126/1 the United States did not meet its disclosure obligations under Article 4 of the Subsidies Agreement and that consequently the establishment of the Panel and the basis for the United States case before the Panel are irremediably flawed. Australia asks that, as a consequence, the Panel terminate the proceedings, or rule immediately that the United States has not demonstrated its claims before the Panel"; and
(c) "If the Panel does not agree to the requests in subparagraphs [(a) and (b)] above, then Australia asks that the Panel rule that, as a result of the failure of the United States to fulfil its disclosure obligations under Article 4 of the Subsidies Agreement, all facts and arguments not explicitly spelled out in the request for the Panel (WT/DS126/1) will be disregarded for the purpose of the proceedings of the Panel. Of this evidence, Australia asks in addition that information acquired in the context of consultations under WT/DS106/1 be ruled to be confidential to that process [footnote omitted] and not admissible before this Panel, including Exhibit 2 of the United States First Submission."
(a) "the Loan does not fall under Article 3.1(a) of the Subsidies Agreement";
(b) "the two first payments under the Grant contract do not fall under Article 3.1(a) of the Subsidies Agreement"; or
(c) "if the Panel decides to consider subsequent payments or the Grant contract itself, none of the payments or the Grant contract itself falls under Article 3.1(a) of the Subsidies Agreement".
(a) "consistent with Article 19.2 of the DSU, the Panel make no recommendation or suggestion regarding the way in which Australia should bring itself into conformity"; and
(b) "consistent with Article 4.12 of the Subsidies Agreement, recommend that Australia have at least 7.5 months for implementation from the adoption of the Panel or Appellate Body report, i.e. at least half of that provided as a benchmark period in Article 21.3(c) of the DSU, but that this issue be addressed by the Panel and the parties after the circulation of the Interim Report setting out the Panel’s draft findings on the nature of the measures before the Panel".
(a) "Any document which provides the grant from the Australian government to Howe, and any related documents;
(b) The loan contract between the Australian government and Howe, and any documents related to that contract;
(c) The report prepared by the accounting firm commissioned by the Australian government and used in devising the replacement package;
(d) Financial statements of Howe (or related corporate entities) for the period 1989 to present;
(e) Internal business plans or strategic plans of Howe (or related corporate entities) for the period 1995 to present;
(f) Any correspondence between the Australian government and Howe (or corporate entities related to Howe), or vice versa, regarding the replacement subsidy package;
(g) Annual reports of Howe (or related corporate entities) for the period 1989 to present; and
(h) Any analysis or forecast of the Australian automotive leather market in the custody or control of the Australian government, Howe, or any entity related to Howe."
All parties engaged in dispute settlement under the DSU must be fully forthcoming from the very beginning both as to the claims involved in a dispute and as to the facts relating to those claims. Claims must be stated clearly. Facts must be disclosed freely. This must be so in consultations as well as in the more formal setting of panel proceedings. In fact, the demands of due process that are implicit in the DSU make this especially necessary during consultations. For the claims that are made and the facts that are established during consultations do much to shape the substance and the scope of subsequent panel proceedings. If, in the aftermath of consultations, any party believes that all the pertinent facts relating to a claim are, for any reason, not before the panel, then that party should ask the panel in that case to engage in additional fact-finding.12
"… we note that Australia has already submitted redacted versions of the loan and grant contracts. In addition, among the questions from the Panel to the parties are certain requests for information and documents which we have concluded are relevant to our consideration of the issues in this dispute, and therefore have asked Australia to submit."
(a) "the report prepared by the accounting firm commissioned by the Australian government and used in devising the compensation arrangements to Howe;
(b) any correspondence between the Australian government and Howe (or corporate entities related to Howe) regarding the compensation arrangements to Howe and any documents relating to payments made under the grant contract which would indicate precisely what facts were taken into account in determining that Howe was in compliance with the performance criteria of the grant contract in order to make the grant payments to date, including the report for the year ending 30 June 1997 showing performance against the performance targets and the report for the year ending 30 June 1998 showing performance against the performance targets;
(c) in the schedule of the grant contract, the numbers relating to performance targets (these could be indicated in indexed form, or as a range), the headings for categories of capital expenditure and the numbers for capital expenditure (these could be indicated in indexed form, or as a range);
(d) any documents indicating the legal basis for the grant(s) and the loan in Australian law (for example, budget documentation); and
(e) any records or reports of discussions in the Australian Parliament relating to the grant(s) and the loan."
"As part of the development of this compensation arrangements, the then Department of Industry Science and Tourism (DIST) engaged the firm of KPMG, Chartered Accountants, to assess the financial viability of Howe as a result of the removal of automotive leather from the ICS and EFS schemes. Under the terms of the engagement KPMG was required to examine certain information provided by Howe Leather and report to the Government of Australia. The report was to be strictly confidential between the Government of Australia and KPMG. In fact, KPMG agreed to undertake the engagement on the pre-understanding that "our report is solely... for the information of the Australian Government and is not to be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other party". (emphasis supplied by Australia)
The Government of Australia often engages firms to carry out such reviews as part of its industry policy development. It is critical that these reports be completely candid and this means that confidentiality must be absolute. It is only to be expected in this case that the Government would require an independent assessment of the viability of the company."
(a) "the report prepared by the accounting firm commissioned by the Australian government and used in devising the compensation arrangements to Howe; and
(b) in the schedule of the grant contract, the numbers relating to performance targets (these could be indicated in indexed form, or as a range), the headings for categories of capital expenditure and the numbers for capital expenditure (these could be indicated in indexed form, or as a range)."
"The United States bases this request for consultations on evidence indicating that the A$25 million loan and grants of up to A$30 million are in fact tied to Howe's actual or anticipated exportation or export earnings. In particular, this evidence indicates that:
- the grants and loan provide benefits to Howe, a company with a troubled financial history that has received GOA export subsidies in the past and that has relied on these subsidies to expand the exportation of its products;
- the grants and loan were provided to compensate Howe for the GOA's decision to excise automotive leather from two de jure export subsidy programme - the Textiles, Clothing and Footwear Import Credit Scheme (TCF) and the Export Facilitation Scheme for Automotive Products (EFS);
- the grants and loan have the same purpose and effect as the TCF and EFS programme - that is, to allow Howe to continue to expand the exportation of its products;
- the vast majority of Howe Leather's sales are exports, and this fact was well understood by the GOA when it agreed to provide the grants and loan to Howe;
- the Australian market is unable to absorb Howe's current production of automotive leather and thus cannot absorb a significant increase in that production - leaving exports as the only way Howe can utilize its increased production capacity and meet the aggressive production requirements upon which the grants and/or loan are conditioned; and
- the grants and loan provided to Howe, Australia's only exporter of automotive leather, differ from other subsidies given by the GOA and may well be unique.
This evidence consists of numerous statements and representations made by the GOA, Howe and Howe's affiliated and/or parent companies that have appeared in the media, official GOA publications and GOA communications with the United States Government. This evidence also consists of financial statements of Howe and its affiliated and/or parent companies; documents relating to the markets for automotive leather and automobiles in Australia; and other relevant information and materials concerning Howe, GOA export subsidy programs and the Australian market for automotive leather and automobiles, including statements of experts on automotive leather and automobiles, and statements of members of the automotive leather and automobiles industries."
All parties engaged in dispute settlement under the DSU must be fully forthcoming from the very beginning both as to the claims involved in a dispute and as to the facts relating to those claims. Claims must be stated clearly. Facts must be disclosed freely. This must be so in consultations as well as in the more formal setting of panel proceedings. In fact, the demands of due process that are implicit in the DSU make this especially necessary during consultations. For the claims that are made and the facts that are established during consultations do much to shape the substance and the scope of subsequent panel proceedings.41
In our view, the wording of Article 4.6 of the DSU makes it clear that offers made in the context of consultations are, in case a mutually agreed solution is not reached, of no legal consequence to the later stages of dispute settlement, as far as the rights of the parties to the dispute are concerned. Consequently, we will not base our findings on such information.46
The United States argues that Article 4.6 of the DSU does not provide a basis for panels to mete out sanctions and exclude relevant factual evidence. It simply calls for panels to disregard offers of settlement, and not to treat such offers as admissions of guilt.
(a) the chapeau of Article 3.1 of the SCM Agreement refers to: "the following subsidies";
(b) footnote 4 of the SCM Agreement refers to "the granting of a subsidy" and "[t]he mere fact that a subsidy is granted";
(c) footnote 5 of the SCM Agreement refers to: "[m]easures referred to"; and
(d) Article 4 of the SCM Agreement continually refers to individual subsidy programmes, e.g.: "a prohibited subsidy" in paragraphs 1, 5 and 7; "the subsidy" in paragraphs 2, 3, and 7; and "the measure in question" in paragraph 5.
To fall within the terms of Article 6.2, it seems clear that a ‘measure’ not explicitly described in a panel request must have a clear relationship to a ‘measure’ that is specifically described therein, so that it can be said to be "included" in the specified ‘measure.’49
(a) The Five Year Holiday on Principal and Interest Payments Confers a "Benefit"
(b) The Loan Provided Howe with Credit Terms More Favorable Than Those Howe Could Have Obtained Commercially
(c) The Loan Is Not Adequately Secured
3.1 Except as provided in the Agreement on Agriculture, the following subsidies, within the meaning of Article 1, shall be prohibited:
(a) subsidies contingent, in law or in fact4, whether solely or as one of several other conditions, upon export performance, including those illustrated in Annex I5;
4This standard is met when the facts demonstrate that the granting of a subsidy, without having been made legally contingent upon export performance, is in fact tied to actual or anticipated exportation or export earnings. The mere fact that a subsidy is granted to enterprises which export shall not for that reason alone be considered to be an export subsidy within the meaning of this provision.
5Measures referred to in Annex I as not constituting export subsidies shall not be prohibited under this or any other provision of this Agreement.
The prohibition of export subsidies in Article 9 of the Subsidies Code should be reformulated in order to define clearly its scope. This prohibition must apply to all export subsidies, that is, all government interventions which confer, through a charge on the public account (in the form of direct financial outlays or revenue foregone, such as tax relief and debt forgiveness), a benefit on a firm or an industry contingent upon export performance.
In addition, since experience has shown that government practices may be easily manipulated or modified in order to avoid this prohibition, it is apparent that a prohibition only of those subsidies which are de jure(that is, expressly) made contingent upon export performance is open to circumvention.
The prohibition, in the present discipline also applies to subsidies de facto contingent upon export. This, however, makes it necessary to provide for clearer guidance in identifying de facto export subsidies … De facto export subsidies are those where facts which were known -- or should clearly have been known -- to the government when granting the subsidy demonstrate that the subsidy, without having been made expressly contingent upon export performance, was indeed intended to increase exports.88
This standard is met whenever the facts demonstrate that the granting of a subsidy, without having been made legally contingent upon export performance, is in practice tied to actual or anticipated exportation or export earnings. (emphasis supplied by Australia)
We agree with the practice under the GATT 1947 of determining whether imported and domestic products are "like" on a case-by-case basis….
… In applying the criteria cited in Border Tax Adjustments to the facts of any particular case, and in considering other criteria that may also be relevant in certain cases, panels can only apply their best judgement in determining whether in fact products are "like". This will always involve an unavoidable element of individual, discretionary judgement.94
… we believe that an examination in any case of whether dissimilar taxation has been applied so as to afford protection requires a comprehensive and objective analysis of the structure and application of the measure in question on domestic as compared to imported products. We believe it is possible to examine objectively the underlying criteria used in a particular tax measure, its structure, and its overall application to ascertain whether it is applied in a way that affords protection to domestic products.
Although it is true that the aim of a measure may not be easily ascertained, nevertheless its protective application can most often be discerned from the design, the architecture, and the revealing structure of a measure. The very magnitude of the dissimilar taxation in a particular case may be evidence of such a protective application, as the Panel rightly concluded in this case. Most often, there will be other factors to be considered as well. In conducting this inquiry, panels should give full consideration to all the relevant facts and all the relevant circumstances in any given case.95
(a) the administrators of a scheme have the authority to determine the amount of subsidy being provided to an individual firm and do so on the basis of exports rather than some other criteria such as investment or production; or
(b) the administrators of a scheme have the authority to discriminate amongst firms in the same industry by not paying the subsidy unless concrete export targets are met.
[o]ne of the corollaries of the "general rule of interpretation" in the Vienna Convention is that interpretation must give meaning and effect to all the terms of the treaty. An interpreter is not free to adopt a reading that would result in reducing whole clauses or paragraphs of a treaty to redundancy or inutility.105
Australia submits that the "in fact" test in Article 3.1(a) of the SCM Agreement is not there to deal with all cases where exports are causing injury. Rather it is there to deal with the situation of "in law or in fact" as Australia has described it. Members have Part III of the SCM Agreement to seek multilateral remedy in other cases.
"Enacted in 1988, the Textiles, Clothing and Footwear Development Authority Act established the Australian Textiles, Clothing and Footwear Development Authority, the stated object of which is "to promote the restructuring and revitalization of the [textile, clothing and footwear] industries so as to improve their efficiency and international competitiveness."109 To this end, the functions of the Authority are, inter alia, to "encourage and facilitate the development of plans aimed at increasing the international competitiveness of [Australian textile, clothing and footwear] producers by providing financial assistance to them for that purpose" and to develop "measures calculated to... increase the exports of TCF products produced in Australia...."110
Pursuant to this mandate, in 1991, the Australian government announced the creation of the [ICS] program, to be in effect from July 1, 1991, through June 30, 2000.111 Under the [ICS] program, exporters of eligible textile, clothing and footwear products can earn import credits that may be used to reduce the import duties payable on eligible textile, clothing and footwear items by an amount up to the value of the credits held.112 However, exporters are not required to use their credits as offsets against import duties. These credits may be transferred from one holder to another in exchange for a cash payment.113
Under the ICS program, the level of import credits that may be earned is explicitly conditioned upon export performance. Specifically, the value of import credits that can be earned is calculated as the F.O.B. value of an eligible export sale, multiplied by the Australian value-added content of the export sale (expressed as a percentage of sales volume).114 This total, in turn, is multiplied by a specified "Export Phasing Rate."115 Between 1991 and 1997, the Export Phasing Rate stood at.30 (ie, 30% of the F.O.B. value of the Australian value-added content of eligible textile, clothing and footwear exports). The Export Phasing Rate was recently reduced to.20.116 Expressed as a formula:
Import credit = Export sale (FOB A$) x Australian value-added expressed as a percentage of sales volume x Export phasing rate117 …
The Australian government designed the EFS program to encourage the export of passenger motor vehicles ("PMV") and PMV components from Australia.118 In its current form since 1991,119 the EFS program allows Australian manufacturers to earn A$1 of export credit for every dollar of eligible exports of covered automotive items.120 The value of exports eligible to earn exports credits is equal to the Australian value-added content of eligible exports, calculated as the F.O.B. sales price less the value of any imported components and raw materials.121
Export credits earned under this program can be used to obtain rebates on the duties payable on eligible imports of automotive vehicles and automotive components,122 or may be sold for cash to any importer of eligible goods who may similarly seek such rebates.123 The amount of import duty that can be rebated under this program is determined by a tariff reduction schedule that varies depending on the year in which the export credit is used. From a high of 37.5% of the tariff rate for export credits used in 1991, the schedule slowly scales back the amount of rebatable duty to 15% in the year 2000, the last scheduled year of the program.124 For instance, in 1996 a company could receive a rebate equal to 25% of the export credit earned. Thus, if an exporter received A$1,000,000 of export credits, he or his transferee could obtain a rebate of $250,000 for import duties paid during that year."
The Commission finds the [automotive] export facilitation scheme has been valuable to the industry. It has served its main purpose of introducing Australian products to world markets and will expire in 2000. The Commission will not recommend its continuation because its strategic value has been undermined by its vulnerability to challenge under the rules of the World Trade Organization.125
Coincidentally, the company’s lobbying effort climaxed on the day Air Force One with Clinton and his entourage on board touched down in Sydney.
On the same day, [Howe’s Managing Director] Heysen and a colleague flew to Canberra for a round of meetings with senior ministers and bureaucrats, beginning with officials of the Department of Industry, Science and Tourism.
A meeting followed with staff from the offices of [DIST Minister John] Moore and the Prime Minister attended by then DIST secretary Greg Taylor.
Then, to ensure all bases were covered, the opposition rooms were visited. Heysen met Simon Crean and Martin Ferguson, Industry and employment spokesmen respectively, and later in the day had an audience with [Deputy Prime Minister] Fischer.128
In our view, the wording of Article 4.6 of the DSU makes it clear that offers made in the context of consultations are, in case a mutually agreed solution is not reached, of no legal consequence to the later stages of dispute settlement, as far as the rights of the parties to the dispute are concerned. Consequently, we will not base our findings on such information.136 (emphasis supplied by the United States)
(a) EFS and ICS do not apply to automotive leather.
(b) Automotive leather was excised from EFS and ICS from 1 April 1997, before the request for consultations for this Panel.
(c) The nature and WTO status of EFS and ICS for automotive leather prior to 1 April 1997 are beyond the Panel’s terms of reference.
(d) The nature and WTO status of EFS and ICS for products other than automotive leather are beyond the Panel’s terms of reference.
(e) No GATT or WTO panel has found against EFS or ICS.
(f) Indeed, no GATT contracting party, no signatory to the Tokyo Round Subsidies Agreement, and no WTO Member has taken Australia to a Panel on EFS and ICS.
(g) In the absence of a panel report finding against these schemes, it would be highly inappropriate for this Panel to go outside its terms of reference to examine measures that are not before the Panel and indeed do not even apply to automotive leather. If the United States wants a ruling on the WTO status of the two schemes, then it is always open to it to take such a Panel. It is not for this Panel to do the United States work outside the Panel’s terms of reference.
by dint of effort we [the Australian government] have ensured that Howe Leather has been able to continue its export activity over the last 18 months.140
We are working constructively with Howe Leather to ensure that they receive fair compensation. I am determined that this strongly performing export company should not be unfairly disadvantaged by the agreement reached at Manila.141

domain: law


At 3:45pm (ET) SpaceX and Elon Musk successfully launched the Falcon Heavy rocket from historic Pad 39A at Nasa's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.. Approximately 8 minutes after launch, the two outer cores would return safely to SpaceX's Landing Zone 1 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. According to SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, the center core ran out of fuel needed to relight 3 engines for the re-entry burn. The core was unable to slow its descent and it crashed into the Atlantic Ocean at approximately 300 mph. Musk added that he was most interested in recovering the two outer cores, as they flew with titanium grid fins, which are very expensive to make.
Elon MuskFalcon 9Falcon HeavyKennedy Space CenterMike SeeleyRocketRocket LaunchSpaceXWeReportSpace


Among countless flexible solar panel mounting brackets makers, it is advised that you need to select a brand that is not only proficient in production but also experienced in satisfying your actual customization needs. Detailed and skilled customization service flow occupies a significant position in the total production. From communication to products delivery, the entire customization service flow should be exceptionally efficient and perfect. TripSolar is highly recommended. Having been technical in customizing the product for years, this company is confident to provide you with the very excellent customized products which will leverage your brand image.
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Spotify is pushing to release more original content on the platform. While Spotify is known primarily as a source for music, the company is adding three original music themed podcasts to their streaming service.
The company notes: “With each series, listeners will get an intimate look into music’s most notable, interesting and often untold stories.”
The first podcast, “Showstopper”, premiered February 23. Naomi Zeichner, Editor in Chief of The Fader magazine, hosts the program. In this podcast, Zeichner presents a pop cultural analysis of great music moments in popular TV shows, such as Girls and Stranger Things.
The second podcast, “Unpacked”, is set to premiere on Spotify March 14. Two music industry professionals host this program, Matt FX and Michele Santucci. FX is music supervisor for TV show Broad City, and Santucci works at Spotify studios. In the podcast, the hosts will interview musicians and other creative beings at festivals around the world. One of the festivals the hosts will cover is South by Southwest, which is taking place in March.
Premiering in April is “The Chris Lighty” story. Lighty is a music executive, known for working with hip-hop artists like Missy Elliot and 50 cent. Lighty will be sharing his story and struggles during his career in the music industry.
According to Spotify, additional Spotify original podcasts are expected to drop as the year continues.

domain: entertainment


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What is horchata? Make the authentic Mexican drink for the holidays and all year round
You may have ordered horchata at your local Starbucks, but have you ever tried an authentic version of the beverage?
Starbucks’ "Horchata Almondmilk Frappuccino" is made from cinnamon dolce, caramel and coffee flavored syrups along with almond milk and whipped cream, but true horchata is quite different.
Horchata has enjoyed a rising presence in U.S.-based restaurants, its appearance on menus growing 24% over the past four years, market research firm Datassential found. Horchata flavored ice cream was even one of the top trending flavors of 2019.
Learn about the beverage’s origins and how to make an authentic Mexican version below.
What is sake?:Learn about the Japanese alcoholic beverage and how it's made
What is horchata?
Horchata is a sweet, plant-based drink typically served over ice. Nowadays you can find it at chain coffee stores or even in the form of a protein shake, but the authentic version of the drink we know in the U.S. comes from Mexico. The Mexican version is rice-based, but Horchata de coco — made using coconut milk — is also a popular choice.
Horchata was originally popularized in Spain, known as horchata de chufa and made of dried tiger nuts, water and sugar. But the drink originated in modern-day Nigeria and Mali (called kunnu aya) as early as 2400 B.C., LATV reports. The Moors brought the drink to Spain during the Muslim conquest and horchata de chufa became widely known.
With cross-continental roots, LATV calls it a “tribute and acknowledgment to the resilience of Afro-Latino culture.”
As horchata traveled, the exact recipe changed and became reminiscent of the region it was made in. Traditional Mexican horchata is made from rice while Oaxacan horchata, also from Mexico, is often served with chopped walnuts, melon and pear ice cream as a dessert. Venezuelan chicha is similar to horchata in that it’s made from soaked rice and has a thick, creamy consistency, Remezcla reports. There’s also Salvadoran horchata which is made with rice, peanuts and morro, sesame and pumpkin seeds. Nicaraguan horchata is made similarly using morro (or jicaro) seeds. Puerto Rican horchata de ajonjolí is made with sesame seeds, and Ecuadorian horchata is made as an herbal tea.
Top DoorDash orders on Thanksgiving:Where horchata falls in the lineup
What does horchata taste like?
Horchata is a thick, creamy consistency and has a sweet, cinnamon taste similar to rice pudding. Different types of horchata may vary in flavor, especially depending on if they are made with rice or nuts.
How do you make horchata
According to My Latina Table, you can make authentic Mexican horchata using rice, sugar, almonds, evaporated milk, milk, water, vanilla extract and cinnamon sticks. You’ll also need a fine mesh strainer and blender along with large bowls to soak the ingredients.
- Soak rice, cinnamon and almonds in a bowl of water for at least five hours, preferably overnight.
- Strain and dispose of the water from the mixture
- Blend the mixture with evaporated milk until a smooth mix is formed.
- Strain the liquid into a pitcher and add vanilla, sugar and milk, stirring until well combined. Add a liter of water and serve over ice.
You can also try different types of horchata, like this recipe for Puerto Rican horchata de ajonjolí or Oaxacan horchata.
How to make holiday horchata
Horchata also makes an appearance around the holidays with a cinnamon variation of the drink. Because it can be served warm, there are plenty of holiday or Christmas horchata recipes to try in the cold, festive months of the year. Disney even makes its own holiday horchata at the Festival of Holidays at Disneyland in California. Try this Rosa Mexicano-inspired "Winter-Warmer Horchata" or this spiked holiday horchata from LatinoFoodie.
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Make your own pumpkin spice mix:What spices to use to make the fall flavor

domain: food


text:
Super-saturated hydration for the driest skin conditions, this intensive hydrating fluid revitalizes parched skin. Hydrates, smoothes and minimizes fine lines with a concentrated blend of Hyaluronic Acid, Panthenol, Glycolipids and Algae Extract to restore moisture balance. Contains no artificial fragrance or color. Professional recommendation advised.
How it works
• Hyaluronic Acid holds up to 1000 times its weight in water for hydration and improved elasticity.
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• Algae Extract helps restore moisture balance.

domain: health


July 21, 2008
TE Wilson adjusts to climate
Over the weekend it was anything but a cool in Spanish Fork, Utah, the home of tight end Richard Wilson. In fact, temperatures reached into the mid-90's -- weather many would consider difficult. But for those unaccustomed to life outside the south, nothing can prepare you for the humidity except being in it yourself.
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Poland’s National Broadcasting Council new attack on liberal media
Media outlets across Poland united in a strong act of solidarity when the National Broadcasting Council (KRRiT) decided to launch legal proceedings against TVN for “promoting false information” over a report critical of the Smoleńsk committee. The report, published on Monday 12 September, was made free of charge by the broadcaster TVN. Media outlets Gazeta Wyborcza, Newsweek Polska, Rzeczpospolita, radio stations Radio Zet, Tok FM, and RMF, news websites Onet, OKO.press and Wirtuala were amongst the dozens of editorial offices that published the documentary. The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) and its Polish affiliate the Society of Journalists (TD) welcomes this show of support amongst concurrent media and ask KRRiT to review its decision.
The report, Siła Kłamstwa (“The Power of Lies”), a 77-minute documentary by Piotr Świerczek, explores the government and the subcommittee’s actions about the Smoleńsk air crash, and how information of public interest were kept hidden. It shows that the subcommittee, created in 2015 to investigate the Smoleńsk plane crash of 2010, deliberately kept evidence that the crash was an accident and not, as the government committee argued, a plane crash instigated by the Russian’s authorities. The report includes evidence based on the results from a US-based laboratory findings, showing the crash was due to a pilot’s error, as the previous investigation decided by now opposition leader Donald Tusk found.
The documentary questions the reliability of the subcommittee led by Antoni Macierewicz and the information given by the current ruling party, Law and Justice (PiS), led by Andrzej Duda. In the crash, brother of PiS’s chairman Jarosław Kaczyński and then-President Lech Kaczyński, and 95 political figures, military commanders, clergy, intelligentsia and state officials found death while on their way to Smoleńsk airbase in Western Russia.
On 30 December 2022, after a complaint filed by Macierewicz, the broadcasting council KRRiT (widely seen as close to the party in power) announced it was launching legal procedures against TVN. The channel risks not only an important fine, but losing its broadcasting license for the second time in just over a year. The announcement of the National Broadcasting Council stated that “the proceedings will concern in particular whether the programme broadcasted on TVN24 and TVN contains content that violates Article 18(1) and (3) of the Act of December 29, 1992 on Broadcasting and Television. The Chairman of the National Broadcasting Council will also investigate to what extent the possible dissemination of untrue and unreliable information violates the terms of the concession granted to TVN SA to broadcast the program under the name of TVN”.
TVN received an official letter from KRRiT, informing the channel that the Council’s chairman initiated ex officio proceedings on the grounds of misinformation and “threatening public security” and accusing TVN of “unreliability and non-objectivity”. No evidence has been given to support those accusations.
“It is amazing that the Polish authorities have chosen the issue of the Smolensk air crash for their first clash with our free media. After all it has been clear for many years that the crash was an accident and not an explosion as they continue to repeat. This just proves how important free media are and how crucial it is that the truth be defended,” says Krzysztof Bobiński, board member Society of Journalists, Warsaw.”
This investigation is another development in the clash between independent media outlets and the government in Poland, that follows the street protests of 2021 as a reaction to a controversial media ownership bill which would have, if transformed into law, forced TVN owners to sell their majority shares, and the following play in which KRRiT continuously delayed its decision to renew the channel’s broadcasting license.


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If you enjoy fishing Henry’s Lake with bad weather, the upcoming days will make you happy. Because so many folks say the best fishing on Henry’s Lake is under these conditions, may be now is the time to go there. Dress for foul weather, concentrate on fishing shallow water,and present standard Henry’s Lake flies on an intermediate line.
Henry’s Lake 10-31-15
Henry’s Lake 10-24-15
Seems like fishing success varies day to day here. It may be best to watch the weather and pick a day when storms are predicted. Henry’s Lake has a history of fishing best this time of year when bad weather arrives. Be sure to dress and drive for the occasion, and remember that ice-up is about a month away.
Henry’s Lake 10-21-15
Henry’s Lake 10-17-15
Fishing success seems to depend on who you talk to. Some days fish seem to hit flies (try standard Henry’s Lake patterns) better than others. Around the lake fish are concentrating in shallow water. Include here such as the north shore, Duck, Howard, and Targhee Creek inlets. The State Park is the most crowded location on the lake. We are talking both fish and people here. The county boat dock also gets its share of crowds. Overall fishing is good, but let’s hope this supposedly incoming storm makes action more consistent for everyone.
Henry’s Lake 10-10-15
Looks like fishing success now depends on the weather. These bright, cloudless skies do not result in the best conditions for fish to be active. Nevertheless the lake is cooling as nights get colder. A recent day with fog and some wind produced some excellent fishing around the lake for some local enthusiasts, even during daytime hours. A variety of fly patterns presented on intermediate lines worked for them, and wading was as effective as boating. For now it looks like watching the weather to find overcast conditions may be the secret to success.
Henry’s Lake 10-6-15
Fly-Fishing the north shore has definitely slowed (voice of experience) even though fish are in shallow water. Likely this is the same around the lake. One reason is warm water for the time of year. We measured water temperature at middle 50s in Deg. F. yesterday. For sure cooler water will improve fishing success.
Henry’s Lake 10-1-15
It looks like the lake is making up for the slow summer! Fishing is great all over the lake. With the lake at about 85% of capacity, water is low but cooling off with the weather. With uncertain weather predicted for the next several days,now might be the time to consider a visit. Use that intermediate line to present the standard array of Henry’s Lake patterns. Also trying a two-fly rig consisting of a small leech pattern and an attractor such a gold crystal. Word that fishing is improving has gotten out, so expect crowds at the easy access place such as the state park and county boat dock. And if you are lucky enough to find a spot with excellent fishing,expect to see fellow anglers congregate around you.
Henry’s Lake 9-15-15
Finally, the lake is turning on! We have reports of large fish being caught in good numbers. The south and west sides seem to provide the best action. Try big woolly bugger types or streamers in about ten feet of water. Some of the reasons for this turn-around is that the blue-green algae mats are decreasing and water temperatures are also going down. These mean more dissolved oxygen thus more active fish. With the decrease in algae and lowering water temperatures, we could be heading for some of the famed fall fishing Henry’s Lake is capable of providing.
Henry’s Lake 9-1-15
A good hard cold snap would be just what is needed for good fishing action to begin on Henry’s Lake. For every report of success we have seen there are numbers of ones without successful fishing. If you are considering trying the lake, head for creek mouths (Targhee, Duck, Howard) or springs with intermediate lines and standard Henry’s Lake patterns.. But expect company, especially if you get into fish.
Henry’s Lake 7-14-15
Other than around spring holes and creek mouths fishing is slow so far this year. Trying creek mouths early in the day is a best bet. Use intermediate lines with standard Henry’s Lake patterns (gold or olive crystals, Gartside wet mouse, mity mouse, beadhead peacock leech, Henry’s Lake renegade).

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The former One Direction member was originally in the running to star as the prince opposite Halle Bailey’s Ariel, but he ultimately passed on the role. Melissa McCarthy will play Ursula, with Jacob Tremblay voicing Flounder and Awkwafina voicing Scuttle.
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See what Sprint buzz did to this company's stock
A post-merger Sprint Corp. is putting investors of one of its roaming partners on edge.
Sprint partner nTelos Holdings Corp.'s stock was down more than 10 percent Monday on news that Sprint's hunger for network expansion could creep into the partner's coverage area.
Overland Park-based Sprint (NYSE: S) has had a long-running roaming agreement with nTelos (Nasdaq: NTLS), which provides wireless services in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky and North Carolina.
Sprint represents one of nTelos' largest roaming revenue streams in an agreement that lasts through July 2015.
RELATED: SoftBank ups its stake — again
Dixon said his checks confirmed that Sprint planned to overbuild its network in parts of nTelos' coverage area, StreetInsider.com reported.
Dixon said that unless nTelos and Sprint negotiate a material expense reduction, Sprint's overbuild "is a certainty."
A Sprint spokeswoman declined to comment on Monday.
This comes as Sprint is spending billions of dollars on capital improvements to its nationwide network to upgrade it to 4G LTE technology.
FBR Capital projects that certain nTelos revenue would drop 60 percent if Sprint overbuilds on nTelos' turf, which could be as early as 2014.
RCR Wireless, which has reported billing issues between Sprint and nTelos, cited figures from nTelos indicating that Sprint currently pays $9 million a month for roaming.
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Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) possess high proliferation potential with multi-lineage differentiation capacity compare to the ordinary source of adult stem cells1-8; therefore, hDPSCs could be the good candidates for autologous transplantation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Along with these benefits, possessing the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) features, such as immunolodulatory effect, make hDPSCs more valuable, even in the case of allograft transplantation6,9,10. Therefore, the primary step for using this source of stem cells is to select the best protocol for isolating hDPSCs from pulp tissue. In order to achieve this goal, it is crucial to investigate the effect of various isolation conditions on different cellular behaviors, such as their common surface markers & also their differentiation capacity.
Thus, here we separate human pulp tissue from impacted third molar teeth, and then used both existing protocols based on literature, for isolating hDPSCs,11-13i.e. enzymatic dissociation of pulp tissue (DPSC-ED) or outgrowth from tissue explants (DPSC-OG). In this regards, we tried to facilitate the isolation methods by using dental diamond disk. Then, these cells characterized in terms of stromal-associated Markers (CD73, CD90, CD105 & CD44), hematopoietic/endothelial Markers (CD34, CD45 & CD11b), perivascular marker, like CD146 and also STRO-1. Afterwards, these two protocols were compared based on the differentiation potency into odontoblasts by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) & Alizarin Red Staining. QPCR were used for the assessment of the expression of the mineralization-related genes (alkaline phosphatase; ALP, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein; MEPE & dentin sialophosphoprotein; DSPP).14
22 Related JoVE Articles!
Magnetic Resonance Elastography Methodology for the Evaluation of Tissue Engineered Construct Growth
Institutions: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Traditional mechanical testing often results in the destruction of the sample, and in the case of long term tissue engineered construct studies, the use of destructive assessment is not acceptable. A proposed alternative is the use of an imaging process called magnetic resonance elastography. Elastography is a nondestructive method for determining the engineered outcome by measuring local mechanical property values (i.e., complex shear modulus), which are essential markers for identifying the structure and functionality of a tissue. As a noninvasive means for evaluation, the monitoring of engineered constructs with imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has seen increasing interest in the past decade1
. For example, the magnetic resonance (MR) techniques of diffusion and relaxometry have been able to characterize the changes in chemical and physical properties during engineered tissue development2
. The method proposed in the following protocol uses microscopic magnetic resonance elastography (μMRE) as a noninvasive MR based technique for measuring the mechanical properties of small soft tissues3
. MRE is achieved by coupling a sonic mechanical actuator with the tissue of interest and recording the shear wave propagation with an MR scanner4
. Recently, μMRE has been applied in tissue engineering to acquire essential growth information that is traditionally measured using destructive mechanical macroscopic techniques5
. In the following procedure, elastography is achieved through the imaging of engineered constructs with a modified Hahn spin-echo sequence coupled with a mechanical actuator. As shown in Figure 1, the modified sequence synchronizes image acquisition with the transmission of external shear waves; subsequently, the motion is sensitized through the use of oscillating bipolar pairs. Following collection of images with positive and negative motion sensitization, complex division of the data produce a shear wave image. Then, the image is assessed using an inversion algorithm to generate a shear stiffness map6
. The resulting measurements at each voxel have been shown to strongly correlate (R2
>0.9914) with data collected using dynamic mechanical analysis7
. In this study, elastography is integrated into the tissue development process for monitoring human mesenchymal stem cell (h
MSC) differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic constructs as shown in Figure 2.
Bioengineering, Issue 60, mesenchymal stem cells, tissue engineering (TE), regenerative medicine, adipose TE, magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), biomechanics, elasticity
Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots
Institutions: Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Uniklinik Köln.
The treatment of osteochondral articular defects has been challenging physicians for many years. The better understanding of interactions of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in recent years led to increased attention to restoration of the entire osteochondral unit. In comparison to chondral lesions the regeneration of osteochondral defects is much more complex and a far greater surgical and therapeutic challenge. The damaged tissue does not only include the superficial cartilage layer but also the subchondral bone. For deep, osteochondral damage, as it occurs for example with osteochondrosis dissecans, the full thickness of the defect needs to be replaced to restore the joint surface 1
. Eligible therapeutic procedures have to consider these two different tissues with their different intrinsic healing potential 2
. In the last decades, several surgical treatment options have emerged and have already been clinically established 3-6
Autologous or allogeneic osteochondral transplants consist of articular cartilage and subchondral bone and allow the replacement of the entire osteochondral unit. The defects are filled with cylindrical osteochondral grafts that aim to provide a congruent hyaline cartilage covered surface 3,7,8
. Disadvantages are the limited amount of available grafts, donor site morbidity (for autologous transplants) and the incongruence of the surface; thereby the application of this method is especially limited for large defects.
New approaches in the field of tissue engineering opened up promising possibilities for regenerative osteochondral therapy. The implantation of autologous chondrocytes marked the first cell based biological approach for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage lesions and is now worldwide established with good clinical results even 10 to 20 years after implantation 9,10
. However, to date, this technique is not suitable for the treatment of all types of lesions such as deep defects involving the subchondral bone 11
combines bone grafting with current approaches in Tissue Engineering 5,6
. This combination seems to be able to overcome the limitations seen in osteochondral grafts alone. After autologous bone grafting to the subchondral defect area, a membrane seeded with autologous chondrocytes is sutured above and facilitates to match the topology of the graft with the injured site. Of course, the previous bone reconstruction needs additional surgical time and often even an additional surgery. Moreover, to date, long-term data is missing 12
Tissue Engineering without additional bone grafting aims to restore the complex structure and properties of native articular cartilage by chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of the transplanted cells. However, again, it is usually only the cartilage tissue that is more or less regenerated. Additional osteochondral damage needs a specific further treatment. In order to achieve a regeneration of the multilayered structure of osteochondral defects, three-dimensional tissue engineered products seeded with autologous/allogeneic cells might provide a good regeneration capacity 11
Beside autologous chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) seem to be an attractive alternative for the development of a full-thickness cartilage tissue. In numerous preclinical in vitro
and in vivo
studies, mesenchymal stem cells have displayed excellent tissue regeneration potential 13,14
. The important advantage of mesenchymal stem cells especially for the treatment of osteochondral defects is that they have the capacity to differentiate in osteocytes as well as chondrocytes. Therefore, they potentially allow a multilayered regeneration of the defect.
In recent years, several scaffolds with osteochondral regenerative potential have therefore been developed and evaluated with promising preliminary results 1,15-18
. Furthermore, fibrin glue as a cell carrier became one of the preferred techniques in experimental cartilage repair and has already successfully been used in several animal studies 19-21
and even first human trials 22
The following protocol will demonstrate an experimental technique for isolating mesenchymal stem cells from a rabbit's bone marrow, for subsequent proliferation in cell culture and for preparing a standardized in vitro
-model for fibrin-cell-clots. Finally, a technique for the implantation of pre-established fibrin-cell-clots into artificial osteochondral defects of the rabbit's knee joint will be described.
Biomedical Engineering, Issue 75, Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Biology, Tissue Engineering, Surgery, Mesenchymal stem cells, fibrin clot, cartilage, osteochondral defect, rabbit, experimental, subchondral bone, knee injury, bone grafting, regenerative therapy, chondrocytes, cell culture, isolation, transplantation, animal model
Feeder-free Derivation of Neural Crest Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Institutions: Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, The Rockefeller University.
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential for studying human embryonic development, for modeling human diseases in the dish and as a source of transplantable cells for regenerative applications after disease or accidents. Neural crest (NC) cells are the precursors for a large variety of adult somatic cells, such as cells from the peripheral nervous system and glia, melanocytes and mesenchymal cells. They are a valuable source of cells to study aspects of human embryonic development, including cell fate specification and migration. Further differentiation of NC progenitor cells into terminally differentiated cell types offers the possibility to model human diseases in vitro
, investigate disease mechanisms and generate cells for regenerative medicine. This article presents the adaptation of a currently available in vitro
differentiation protocol for the derivation of NC cells from hPSCs. This new protocol requires 18 days of differentiation, is feeder-free, easily scalable and highly reproducible among human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. Both old and new protocols yield NC cells of equal identity.
Neuroscience, Issue 87, Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Pluripotent Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Neural Crest, Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), pluripotent stem cells, neural crest cells, in vitro differentiation, disease modeling, differentiation protocol, human embryonic stem cells, human pluripotent stem cells
Sequential In vivo Imaging of Osteogenic Stem/Progenitor Cells During Fracture Repair
Institutions: Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School.
Bone turns over continuously and is highly regenerative following injury. Osteogenic stem/progenitor cells have long been hypothesized to exist, but in vivo
demonstration of such cells has only recently been attained. Here, in vivo
imaging techniques to investigate the role of endogenous osteogenic stem/progenitor cells (OSPCs) and their progeny in bone repair are provided. Using osteo-lineage cell tracing models and intravital imaging of induced microfractures in calvarial bone, OSPCs can be directly observed during the first few days after injury, in which critical events in the early repair process occur. Injury sites can be sequentially imaged revealing that OSPCs relocate to the injury, increase in number and differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. These methods offer a means of investigating the role of stem cell-intrinsic and extrinsic molecular regulators for bone regeneration and repair.
Medicine, Issue 87, Osteogenic Stem Cells, In vivo Imaging, Lineage tracking, Bone regeneration, Fracture repair, Mx1.
Repair of a Critical-sized Calvarial Defect Model Using Adipose-derived Stromal Cells Harvested from Lipoaspirate
Institutions: Stanford University , Duke University , Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, University of California, San Francisco , University of California, Los Angeles .
Craniofacial skeletal repair and regeneration offers the promise of de novo
tissue formation through a cell-based approach utilizing stem cells. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have proven to be an abundant source of multipotent stem cells capable of undergoing osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic differentiation. Many studies have explored the osteogenic potential of these cells in vivo
with the use of various scaffolding biomaterials for cellular delivery. It has been demonstrated that by utilizing an osteoconductive, hydroxyapatite-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (HA-PLGA) scaffold seeded with ASCs, a critical-sized calvarial defect, a defect that is defined by its inability to undergo spontaneous healing over the lifetime of the animal, can be effectively show robust osseous regeneration. This in vivo
model demonstrates the basis of translational approaches aimed to regenerate the bone tissue - the cellular component and biological matrix. This method serves as a model for the ultimate clinical application of a progenitor cell towards the repair of a specific tissue defect.
Medicine, Issue 68, Stem Cells, Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Calvarial Defect, Scaffold, Tissue Regeneration, adipose-derived stromal cells
Application of Retinoic Acid to Obtain Osteocytes Cultures from Primary Mouse Osteoblasts
Institutions: Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda
Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Trieste.
The need for osteocyte cultures is well known to the community of bone researchers; isolation of primary osteocytes is difficult and produces low cell numbers. Therefore, the most widely used cellular system is the osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cell line.
The method here described refers to the use of retinoic acid to generate a homogeneous population of ramified cells with morphological and molecular osteocyte features.
After isolation of osteoblasts from mouse calvaria, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is added to cell medium, and cell monitoring is conducted daily under an inverted microscope. First morphological changes are detectable after 2 days of treatment and differentiation is generally complete in 5 days, with progressive development of dendrites, loss of the ability to produce extracellular matrix, down-regulation of osteoblast markers and up-regulation of osteocyte-specific molecules.
Daily cell monitoring is needed because of the inherent variability of primary cells, and the protocol can be adapted with minimal variation to cells obtained from different mouse strains and applied to transgenic models.
The method is easy to perform and does not require special instrumentation, it is highly reproducible, and rapidly generates a mature osteocyte population in complete absence of extracellular matrix, allowing the use of these cells for unlimited biological applications.
Cellular Biology, Issue 87, cell biology, cell culture, bone, retinoic acid, primary osteoblasts, osteocytes, cell differentiation, mouse calvaria, sclerostin, fibroblast growth factor 23, microscopy, immunostaining
High-Throughput Measurement and Classification of Organic P in Environmental Samples
Institutions: University of Vermont.
Many types of organic phosphorus (P) molecules exist in environmental samples1
. Traditional P measurements do not detect these organic P compounds since they do not react with colorimetric reagents2,3
. Enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) is an emerging method for accurately characterizing organic P forms in environmental samples4,5
. This method is only trumped in accuracy by Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31
P-NMR) -a method that is expensive and requires specialized technical training6
. We have adapted an enzymatic hydrolysis method capable of measuring three classes of phosphorus (monoester P, diester P and inorganic P) to a microplate reader system7
. This method provides researchers with a fast, accurate, affordable and user-friendly means to measure P species in soils, sediments, manures and, if concentrated, aquatic samples. This is the only high-throughput method for measuring the forms and enzyme-lability of organic P that can be performed in a standard laboratory. The resulting data provides insight to scientists studying system nutrient content and eutrophication potential.
Microbiology, Issue 52, phosphorus, enzymatic-hydrolysis, soil, manure, phosphatase, phytic acid, NaOH-EDTA, organophosphates, molybdate, organic P
Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
Institutions: Royal Military College of Canada, Queen's University.
The physical and chemical properties of biochar vary based on feedstock sources and production conditions, making it possible to engineer biochars with specific functions (e.g.
carbon sequestration, soil quality improvements, or contaminant sorption). In 2013, the International Biochar Initiative (IBI) made publically available their Standardized Product Definition and Product Testing Guidelines (Version 1.1) which set standards for physical and chemical characteristics for biochar. Six biochars made from three different feedstocks and at two temperatures were analyzed for characteristics related to their use as a soil amendment. The protocol describes analyses of the feedstocks and biochars and includes: cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA), organic carbon (OC) and moisture percentage, pH, particle size distribution, and proximate and ultimate analysis. Also described in the protocol are the analyses of the feedstocks and biochars for contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals and mercury as well as nutrients (phosphorous, nitrite and nitrate and ammonium as nitrogen). The protocol also includes the biological testing procedures, earthworm avoidance and germination assays. Based on the quality assurance / quality control (QA/QC) results of blanks, duplicates, standards and reference materials, all methods were determined adequate for use with biochar and feedstock materials. All biochars and feedstocks were well within the criterion set by the IBI and there were little differences among biochars, except in the case of the biochar produced from construction waste materials. This biochar (referred to as Old biochar) was determined to have elevated levels of arsenic, chromium, copper, and lead, and failed the earthworm avoidance and germination assays. Based on these results, Old biochar would not be appropriate for use as a soil amendment for carbon sequestration, substrate quality improvements or remediation.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 93, biochar, characterization, carbon sequestration, remediation, International Biochar Initiative (IBI), soil amendment
Setting-up an In Vitro Model of Rat Blood-brain Barrier (BBB): A Focus on BBB Impermeability and Receptor-mediated Transport
Institutions: VECT-HORUS SAS, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259.
The blood brain barrier (BBB) specifically regulates molecular and cellular flux between the blood and the nervous tissue. Our aim was to develop and characterize a highly reproducible rat syngeneic in vitro
model of the BBB using co-cultures of primary rat brain endothelial cells (RBEC) and astrocytes to study receptors involved in transcytosis across the endothelial cell monolayer. Astrocytes were isolated by mechanical dissection following trypsin digestion and were frozen for later co-culture. RBEC were isolated from 5-week-old rat cortices. The brains were cleaned of meninges and white matter, and mechanically dissociated following enzymatic digestion. Thereafter, the tissue homogenate was centrifuged in bovine serum albumin to separate vessel fragments from nervous tissue. The vessel fragments underwent a second enzymatic digestion to free endothelial cells from their extracellular matrix. The remaining contaminating cells such as pericytes were further eliminated by plating the microvessel fragments in puromycin-containing medium. They were then passaged onto filters for co-culture with astrocytes grown on the bottom of the wells. RBEC expressed high levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1 with a typical localization at the cell borders. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of brain endothelial monolayers, indicating the tightness of TJs reached 300 ohm·cm2
on average. The endothelial permeability coefficients (Pe) for lucifer yellow (LY) was highly reproducible with an average of 0.26 ± 0.11 x 10-3
cm/min. Brain endothelial cells organized in monolayers expressed the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), showed a polarized transport of rhodamine 123, a ligand for P-gp, and showed specific transport of transferrin-Cy3 and DiILDL across the endothelial cell monolayer. In conclusion, we provide a protocol for setting up an in vitro
BBB model that is highly reproducible due to the quality assurance methods, and that is suitable for research on BBB transporters and receptors.
Medicine, Issue 88, rat brain endothelial cells (RBEC), mouse, spinal cord, tight junction (TJ), receptor-mediated transport (RMT), low density lipoprotein (LDL), LDLR, transferrin, TfR, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER),
Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro
Institutions: The University of Chicago Medical Center, The University of Chicago Medical Center.
Migraine and its transformation to chronic migraine are healthcare burdens in need of improved treatment options. We seek to define how neural immune signaling modulates the susceptibility to migraine, modeled in vitro
using spreading depression (SD), as a means to develop novel therapeutic targets for episodic and chronic migraine. SD is the likely cause of migraine aura and migraine pain. It is a paroxysmal loss of neuronal function triggered by initially increased neuronal activity, which slowly propagates within susceptible brain regions. Normal brain function is exquisitely sensitive to, and relies on, coincident low-level immune signaling. Thus, neural immune signaling likely affects electrical activity of SD, and therefore migraine. Pain perception studies of SD in whole animals are fraught with difficulties, but whole animals are well suited to examine systems biology aspects of migraine since SD activates trigeminal nociceptive pathways. However, whole animal studies alone cannot be used to decipher the cellular and neural circuit mechanisms of SD. Instead, in vitro
preparations where environmental conditions can be controlled are necessary. Here, it is important to recognize limitations of acute slices and distinct advantages of hippocampal slice cultures. Acute brain slices cannot reveal subtle changes in immune signaling since preparing the slices alone triggers: pro-inflammatory changes that last days, epileptiform behavior due to high levels of oxygen tension needed to vitalize the slices, and irreversible cell injury at anoxic slice centers.
In contrast, we examine immune signaling in mature hippocampal slice cultures since the cultures closely parallel their in vivo
counterpart with mature trisynaptic function; show quiescent astrocytes, microglia, and cytokine levels; and SD is easily induced in an unanesthetized preparation. Furthermore, the slices are long-lived and SD can be induced on consecutive days without injury, making this preparation the sole means to-date capable of modeling the neuroimmune consequences of chronic SD, and thus perhaps chronic migraine. We use electrophysiological techniques and non-invasive imaging to measure
neuronal cell and circuit functions coincident with SD. Neural immune gene expression variables are measured with qPCR screening, qPCR arrays, and, importantly, use of cDNA preamplification for detection of ultra-low level targets such as interferon-gamma using whole, regional, or specific cell enhanced (via laser dissection microscopy) sampling. Cytokine cascade signaling is further assessed with multiplexed phosphoprotein related targets with gene expression and phosphoprotein changes confirmed via cell-specific immunostaining. Pharmacological and siRNA strategies are used to mimic
SD immune signaling.
Neuroscience, Issue 52, innate immunity, hormesis, microglia, T-cells, hippocampus, slice culture, gene expression, laser dissection microscopy, real-time qPCR, interferon-gamma
Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
Institutions: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University.
Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of the bone marrow. Their unique ability to resorb both the organic and inorganic matrices of bone means that they play a key role in regulating skeletal remodeling. Together, osteoblasts and osteoclasts are responsible for the dynamic coupling process that involves both bone resorption and bone formation acting together to maintain the normal skeleton during health and disease.
As the principal bone-resorbing cell in the body, changes in osteoclast differentiation or function can result in profound effects in the body. Diseases associated with altered osteoclast function can range in severity from lethal neonatal disease due to failure to form a marrow space for hematopoiesis, to more commonly observed pathologies such as osteoporosis, in which excessive osteoclastic bone resorption predisposes to fracture formation.
An ability to isolate osteoclasts in high numbers in vitro
has allowed for significant advances in the understanding of the bone remodeling cycle and has paved the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that combat these diseases.
Here, we describe a protocol to isolate and cultivate osteoclasts from mouse bone marrow that will yield large numbers of osteoclasts.
Cellular Biology, Issue 93, osteoclast, RANKL, culture, resorption assay, bone remodeling, bone turnover, skeletal homeostasis
Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates
Institutions: Cytori Therapeutics Inc, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue that they initially termed Processed Lipoaspirate Cells or PLA cells. Since then, these stem cells have been renamed as Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs and have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Thousands of articles now describe the use of ASCs in a variety of regenerative animal models, including bone regeneration, peripheral nerve repair and cardiovascular engineering. Recent articles have begun to describe the myriad of uses for ASCs in the clinic. The protocol shown in this article outlines the basic procedure for manually and enzymatically isolating ASCs from large amounts of lipoaspirates obtained from cosmetic procedures. This protocol can easily be scaled up or down to accommodate the volume of lipoaspirate and can be adapted to isolate ASCs from fat tissue obtained through abdominoplasties and other similar procedures.
Cellular Biology, Issue 79, Adipose Tissue, Stem Cells, Humans, Cell Biology, biology (general), enzymatic digestion, collagenase, cell isolation, Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF), Adipose-derived Stem Cells, ASCs, lipoaspirate, liposuction
High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
Institutions: Medical College of Wisconsin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Hong Kong University, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin.
There is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the heart, and improving strategies to accurately model heart disease. The potential of exploiting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to generate cardiac muscle “in a dish” for these applications continues to generate high enthusiasm. In recent years, the ability to efficiently generate cardiomyogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has greatly improved, offering us new opportunities to model very early stages of human cardiac development not otherwise accessible. In contrast to many previous methods, the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol described here does not require cell aggregation or the addition of Activin A or BMP4 and robustly generates cultures of cells that are highly positive for cardiac troponin I and T (TNNI3, TNNT2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4 (IRX4), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) and myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) by day 10 across all human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and hiPSC lines tested to date. Cells can be passaged and maintained for more than 90 days in culture. The strategy is technically simple to implement and cost-effective. Characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent cells often includes the analysis of reference markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. For protein analysis, flow cytometry is a powerful analytical tool for assessing quality of cells in culture and determining subpopulation homogeneity. However, technical variation in sample preparation can significantly affect quality of flow cytometry data. Thus, standardization of staining protocols should facilitate comparisons among various differentiation strategies. Accordingly, optimized staining protocols for the analysis of IRX4, MLC2v, MLC2a, TNNI3, and TNNT2 by flow cytometry are described.
Cellular Biology, Issue 91, human induced pluripotent stem cell, flow cytometry, directed differentiation, cardiomyocyte, IRX4, TNNI3, TNNT2, MCL2v, MLC2a
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
Institutions: University of Rochester, University of Rochester, University of Rochester Medical Center.
One of the main benefits to using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromers in hydrogel formation is synthetic versatility. The ability to draw from a large variety of PEG molecular weights and configurations (arm number, arm length, and branching pattern) affords researchers tight control over resulting hydrogel structures and properties, including Young’s modulus and mesh size. This video will illustrate a rapid, efficient, solvent-free, microwave-assisted method to methacrylate PEG precursors into poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM). This synthetic method provides much-needed starting materials for applications in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. The demonstrated method is superior to traditional methacrylation methods as it is significantly faster and simpler, as well as more economical and environmentally friendly, using smaller amounts of reagents and solvents. We will also demonstrate an adaptation of this technique for on-resin methacrylamide functionalization of peptides. This on-resin method allows the N-terminus of peptides to be functionalized with methacrylamide groups prior to deprotection and cleavage from resin. This allows for selective addition of methacrylamide groups to the N-termini of the peptides while amino acids with reactive side groups (e.g.
primary amine of lysine, primary alcohol of serine, secondary alcohols of threonine, and phenol of tyrosine) remain protected, preventing functionalization at multiple sites. This article will detail common analytical methods (proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (;
H-NMR) and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF)) to assess the efficiency of the functionalizations. Common pitfalls and suggested troubleshooting methods will be addressed, as will modifications of the technique which can be used to further tune macromer functionality and resulting hydrogel physical and chemical properties. Use of synthesized products for the formation of hydrogels for drug delivery and cell-material interaction studies will be demonstrated, with particular attention paid to modifying hydrogel composition to affect mesh size, controlling hydrogel stiffness and drug release.
Chemistry, Issue 80, Poly(ethylene glycol), peptides, polymerization, polymers, methacrylation, peptide functionalization, 1H-NMR, MALDI-ToF, hydrogels, macromer synthesis
Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
Institutions: University of Virginia, University of Delaware, University of Virginia.
Two novel synthetic peptides accelerate bone formation and can be delivered using a collagen matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on bone repair in a unicortical defect model. Treatment of mesenchymal cells produced an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, showed nodule formation by the cells, and increased the expression of genes for runx2, osterix, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. A collagen sponge soaked with peptide promoted repair of bone defects, whereas the control was less effective. The results from this study demonstrated that mesenchymal cells treated with peptide in vitro
differentiate towards osteogenesis, and, that peptides delivered in vivo
using a collagen sponge promote the repair of unicortical defects.
Cellular Biology, Issue 46, osteogenesis, peptide, bone repair, anabolic effect
In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
Institutions: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of materials that are inaccessible using conventional synthesis techniques. Coupling soft landing with in situ
characterization using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) enables analysis of well-defined surfaces under clean vacuum conditions. The capabilities of three soft-landing instruments constructed in our laboratory are illustrated for the representative system of surface-bound organometallics prepared by soft landing of mass-selected ruthenium tris(bipyridine) dications, [Ru(bpy)3
(bpy = bipyridine), onto carboxylic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer surfaces on gold (COOH-SAMs). In situ
time-of-flight (TOF)-SIMS provides insight into the reactivity of the soft-landed ions. In addition, the kinetics of charge reduction, neutralization and desorption occurring on the COOH-SAM both during and after ion soft landing are studied using in situ
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)-SIMS measurements. In situ
IRRAS experiments provide insight into how the structure of organic ligands surrounding metal centers is perturbed through immobilization of organometallic ions on COOH-SAM surfaces by soft landing. Collectively, the three instruments provide complementary information about the chemical composition, reactivity and structure of well-defined species supported on surfaces.
Chemistry, Issue 88, soft landing, mass selected ions, electrospray, secondary ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, organometallic, catalysis
FtsZ Polymerization Assays: Simple Protocols and Considerations
Institutions: University of Groningen.
During bacterial cell division, the essential protein FtsZ assembles in the middle of the cell to form the so-called Z-ring. FtsZ polymerizes into long filaments in the presence of GTP in vitro
, and polymerization is regulated by several accessory proteins. FtsZ polymerization has been extensively studied in vitro
using basic methods including light scattering, sedimentation, GTP hydrolysis assays and electron microscopy. Buffer conditions influence both the polymerization properties of FtsZ, and the ability of FtsZ to interact with regulatory proteins. Here, we describe protocols for FtsZ polymerization studies and validate conditions and controls using Escherichia coli
and Bacillus subtilis
FtsZ as model proteins. A low speed sedimentation assay is introduced that allows the study of the interaction of FtsZ with proteins that bundle or tubulate FtsZ polymers. An improved GTPase assay protocol is described that allows testing of GTP hydrolysis over time using various conditions in a 96-well plate setup, with standardized incubation times that abolish variation in color development in the phosphate detection reaction. The preparation of samples for light scattering studies and electron microscopy is described. Several buffers are used to establish suitable buffer pH and salt concentration for FtsZ polymerization studies. A high concentration of KCl is the best for most of the experiments. Our methods provide a starting point for the in vitro
characterization of FtsZ, not only from E. coli
and B. subtilis
but from any other bacterium. As such, the methods can be used for studies of the interaction of FtsZ with regulatory proteins or the testing of antibacterial drugs which may affect FtsZ polymerization.
Basic Protocols, Issue 81, FtsZ, protein polymerization, cell division, GTPase, sedimentation assay, light scattering
Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Institutions: R&D Systems, Inc., R&D Systems, Inc..
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during development. Misregulation of this process has been implicated as a key event in fibrosis and the progression of carcinomas to a metastatic state. Understanding the processes that underlie EMT is imperative for the early diagnosis and clinical control of these disease states. Reliable induction of EMT in vitro
is a useful tool for drug discovery as well as to identify common gene expression signatures for diagnostic purposes. Here we demonstrate a straightforward method for the induction of EMT in a variety of cell types. Methods for the analysis of cells pre- and post-EMT induction by immunocytochemistry are also included. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method through antibody-based array analysis and migration/invasion assays.
Molecular Biology, Issue 78, Cellular Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Biology, Medicine, Bioengineering, Anatomy, Physiology, biology (general), Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms, Wounds and Injuries, Neoplasms, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition, EMT, cancer, metastasis, cancer stem cell, cell, assay, immunohistochemistry
Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration
Institutions: School of Dentistry, UCLA, UCLA, UCLA, University of Edinburgh .
Human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) can be isolated in sufficient numbers from multiple tissues for purposes of skeletal tissue engineering1-3
. PSCs are a FACS-sorted population of 'pericytes' (CD146+CD34-CD45-) and 'adventitial cells' (CD146-CD34+CD45-), each of which we have previously reported to have properties of mesenchymal stem cells. PSCs, like MSCs, are able to undergo osteogenic differentiation, as well as secrete pro-osteogenic cytokines1,2
. In the present protocol, we demonstrate the osteogenicity of PSCs in several animal models including a muscle pouch implantation in SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice, a SCID mouse calvarial defect and a femoral segmental defect (FSD) in athymic rats. The thigh muscle pouch model is used to assess ectopic bone formation. Calvarial defects are centered on the parietal bone and are standardly 4 mm in diameter (critically sized)8
. FSDs are bicortical and are stabilized with a polyethylene bar and K-wires4
. The FSD described is also a critical size defect, which does not significantly heal on its own4
. In contrast, if stem cells or growth factors are added to the defect site, significant bone regeneration can be appreciated. The overall goal of PSC xenografting is to demonstrate the osteogenic capability of this cell type in both ectopic and orthotopic bone regeneration models.
Bioengineering, Issue 63, Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology, Pericyte, Stem Cell, Bone Defect, Tissue Engineering, Osteogenesis, femoral defect, calvarial defect
Culture of myeloid dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors
Institutions: McMaster University, McMaster University, University of Waterloo.
Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are frequently used to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and the early response to infection. Because these are the most potent antigen presenting cells, DCs are being increasingly used as a vaccine vector to study the induction of antigen-specific immune responses. In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for harvesting tibias and femurs from a donor mouse, processing the bone marrow and differentiating DCs in vitro. The properties of DCs change following stimulation: immature dendritic cells are potent phagocytes, whereas mature DCs are capable of antigen presentation and interaction with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This change in functional activity corresponds with the upregulation of cell surface markers and cytokine production. Many agents can be used to mature DCs, including cytokines and toll-like receptor ligands. In this video, we demonstrate flow cytometric comparisons of expression of two co-stimulatory molecules, CD86 and CD40, and the cytokine, IL-12, following overnight stimulation with CpG or mock treatment. After differentiation, DCs can be further manipulated for use as a vaccine vector or to generate antigen-specific immune responses by in vitro pulsing using peptides or proteins, or transduced using recombinant viral vectors.
Immunology, Issue 17, dendritic cells, GM-CSF, culture, bone marrow
The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation
Institutions: Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser MXcell electroporation system and Gene Pulser electroporation buffer were specifically developed to transfect nucleic acids into mammalian cells and difficult-to-transfect cells, such as primary and stem cells.This video demonstrates how to establish primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow, and then prepare them for electroporation in the MXcell system. We begin by isolating femur and tibia. Bone marrow from both femur and tibia are then harvested and cultures are established. Cultured bone marrow cells are then transfected and analyzed.
Immunology, Issue 23, Primary Hematopoietic Cell Culture, Bone Marrow, Transfection, Electroporation, BioRad, IL-3
Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells
Institutions: MGH - Massachusetts General Hospital.
Cellular Biology, Issue 1, ES, embryonic stem cells, tissue culture

domain: medical


text:
MILAN – India’s cricket captain Virat Kohli and Bollywood actress Anushka Sharma got married in a private ceremony in Milan, Italy on Monday.
The ceremony took place amidst close family and friends.
Virat Kohli took to Twitter to share the news with the world.
Today we have promised each other to be bound in love for ever. We are truly blessed to share the news with you.This beautiful day will be made more special with the love and support of our family of fans & well wishers. Thank you for being such an important part of our journey. pic.twitter.com/aobTUwMNAK
— Virat Kohli (@imVkohli) December 11, 2017
Reports in Indian media suggest the couple’s friends will be invited to a reception on December 21, which is to take place in Mumbai.
Virat Kohli and Anushka Sharma started dating each other in 2013 after meeting during the shoot of a television commercial.
Anushka has been seen attending India and Royal Challengers Bangalore games in recent years. She was often been seen travelling to New Zealand and Australia during the 2015 World Cup.
Virat has himself been spotted in the past in Anushka’s shoots, most notably for Bombay Velvet in Sri Lanka and PK in Udaipur.
The duo’s hot-and-cold relationship often made headlines, with rumours of a split in the middle of 2015.
They were reunited in early 2016, after Kohli hit back at trolls for targeting Anushka over his batting form.

domain: celebrity


text:
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domain: finance


text:
High overnight temperatures combined with a continued lack of rainfall are making drought conditions across the state worse.
Laura Edwards is the state climatologist. She says the higher night-time temperatures have an effect on plant growth.
“We see our plants stress a lot, from garden and lawns all the way to row crops of corn and soybeans, really stressing a lot on those hot days,” Edwards says.
Edwards says not being able to cool off enough at night is also a problem for animals and people without air conditioning.

domain: agronomy


text:
As we discussed in class on Tuesday, Edith Nesbit (as well as her husband) was an active proponent of socialism. Well-known in political circles, Nesbit was never secretive as to her political alignment. It is somewhat unsurprising, then, that her most well known novel, Five Children and It, contains many themes of and allusions to socialism and the “socialist agenda”.
Some of these moments are concrete and explicit, however subtle; as we mentioned in class, the litany of “grown up” wishes is clearly one that favors at least some degree of socialism or a welfare state. While this likely went over the heads of young readers, it is often those messages that resound most lastingly; because we cannot remember them to consider them, they go unchallenged in our lexicons.
An interesting example of a “socialist” wish that went awry is the children’s wish for their mother to receive all of the jewelry of another wealthy lady – clearly, this reallocation of wealth is one of the fundamental tenets of socialism. However, this wish ends in drama for the children and the adults that they depend on; this negative outcome is not one that one would believe a socialistically inclined author to orchestrate.
However, even more than these moments I believe that the entire message and idea of the book is based around socialist ideals and practice. The children are often seen to be making wishes for others than themselves, and ultimately, their final wish is one for the Psammead himself. This idea – of using one’s fortune to help those who have no fortune – is a part of a fundamental socialist ideology. While it is not one of the concrete ideals that she mentions (mandatory second education, for example), it goes beyond the mundane and captures the essence of what socialism is designed to be.

domain: literature


By scoring twice in Juventus’ 3-1 win over Rapid Vienna, Alessandro Del Piero is now level with Giampiero Boniperti as the club’s all-time top scorer.
Del Piero’s goals in Wednesday’s Group A match took his tally to 182 in all competitions. He has scored 127 times in the Italian championship with the rest of his goals coming in domestic and international cup competitions.
“He is a player of great quality and a great lad as well,” Boniperti told the daily Gazzetta dello Sport.
“This head-to-head for the record has helped me to become known to a new generation who only knew me previously as a president of Juventus rather than a player and record scorer. He’s put me in the spotlight again at 77 years of age which is incredible,” he added.
Del Piero, who spent much of the season on the bench, has scored 38 goals in the Champions League and European Cup.
“I am happy to share this record with Boniperti but it is not only goals that make a great forward. Boniperti has done so much, and more, for this club,” he added.
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text:
The question lies, is design mode even needed? Nothing changes for the user except the panel. When exporting from Rive, you export an animation not a design/svg/lottie ( yes i said it :P ).
This is based on my current usage of Rive. I understand the thinking behind it. I’m coming from the idea of less is more. Do people need a dedicated design feature when everything can be achieved in the Anmation mode? Does it give me a benefit to switch between the two?
So far my usage has been 90% in the Animation mode. switching between I always find huge differences between the modes and my OCD kicks and have to make things the same even though it’s not required for my desired outcome.
( FYI I’m a product designer - hence this particular idea brought up )

domain: design


text:
If you've never tried this pizza before, you might think it seems strange. My family did! I loved it last time I made it (when no one else was brave enough to try it) so I was making it again even if I was going to be the only one to eat it again. But Alex tried it this time and liked it. I didn't put the bacon on it, but followed the rest of the directions. I think it tastes even better with freshly chopped garlic instead of garlic powder. Just throw anything you like on a loaded baked potato onto the pizza. Have all your carbs at once! What's so wrong with that?
Baked Potato Pizza
1 prepared pizza crust
3 med. unpeeled potatoes, baked and cooled
1 T. margarine, melted
¼ t. garlic powder
¼ t. Italian seasoning or dried oregano
1 c. (8-oz.) sour cream
6 bacon strips, cooked and crumbled
3 - 5 green onions, chopped
1½ c. (6-oz.) mozzarella cheese, shredded
½ c. cheddar cheese, shredded
Preheat oven to 400 º. Prepare crust according to package directions. Press dough into a lightly greased 14-inch pizza pan; build up edges slightly. Bake for 5-6 minutes or until crust is firm and begins to brown. Cut potatoes into 1/2-inch cubes. In a bowl, combine margarine, garlic powder and Italian seasoning. Add potatoes and toss. Spread sour cream over crust; top with potato mixture, bacon, onions and cheeses. Bake for 15-20 minutes or until cheese is lightly browned. Let stand for 5 minutes before cutting.
Bursting blueberries in every bite! I made this coffee cake that I found on Oh My Goodness Chocolate Desserts (even though it's not a ...
GIVEAWAY CLOSED--- The winner is....Heather. I know it's such a surprise. I will get your prize to you. I hope you like it. -----...
My son Alex, who was in Japan for 2 years, has asked me a couple of times to make Japanese cheesecake. I've never had it before, so I di...
These soft fluffy cookies are one of our favorites for sure! When I first saw them at The Idea Room , I was worried about them being too we...


How to get the sectionview cut in Components? Does anyone know about it?
Need to make a cut in component with respect to section view,whether am i correct?
Thank you for your reply. As you said, I just need to cut some of the components, and then select the cut components in the sectionview. Do you have any good ideas?
your pretty much there??
you could try and hide bodies/parts in the section view??
click on the section view, at the bottom of the properties menu is 'more properties' button, you can hide bodies parts etc??
depends where you are trying to do it...
I assume you have an assembly??
simply make a drawing and section the top view???
you could make an assembly configuration that includes a cut from top through all??
Retrieving data ...


COL $30,000 pickup + $10,000 boat + $150 rod + dull hook = lost fish
COL $30,000 pickup + $10,000 boat + $150 rod + dull hook = lost fishp
Caitlin and Jason Keck’s two-year term on the American Farm Bureau Federation committee begins next month.
Minnesota Public Utilities Commission to require environmental impact statement on Summit Carbon pipeline
The Minnesota Public Utilities Commission met on Jan. 5, 2023, to consider the application for Summit Carbon Solutions.