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Diary dates for the Autumn Term 2019
10th. & 24th. Sept.
8th. & 22nd. Oct.
12th. & 26th. Nov.
10th. & 24th. Sept.
8th. & 22nd. Oct.
12th. & 26th. Nov.
One member attended an event organised by The Poetry society at King’s Place, near King’s Cross, This was to celebrate 40 years of the National Poetry Competition with readings from poets who had either won the competition or been successful. Ten poets gave readings, not just of the poem that had earned their success, but also a specially commissioned poem each. These poems had to incorporate two words – one which had commonly appeared in National Poetry Competition entries, the other a more unusual word from those same poems. There was a free anthology given out containing the ten commissioned poems.
The poets were:-
Liz Berry, Mary Jean Chan, Ian Duhig, Fran Lock, Sinėad Morrissey, Mark Pajak, Caleb Parkin , Stephen Saxton and Jo Shapcott.
While members are thoroughly enjoying Anne Stewart’s latest book ‘.The Last Parent,’ Anne has also had one of her poems featured as ‘Poem Of The Month’ by Enfield Poets. This appears on a poster with graphics by designer Jools Barret The poem is called ‘Across The Aisle’ and the poster is displayed in the window of The Dugdale Centre, Enfield.
Isabel Turvey (aka Bermudez) is to have two pamphlets published this year, one by the journal ‘Coast to Coast to Coast.
Isabel Bermudez worked in Colombia in television, specialising in documentary, as a Producer/Director and Camerawoman (1998–2001). In Sri Lanka, she worked in educational television and as a Special Correspondent for the Island Newspaper. (1993–1995).
Her poems are widely published. She was shortlisted six times for the Bridport Prize and was most recently commended in the 2018 Winchester Poetry Prize. Her collections are Extranjeros, (Flarestack Poets 2015), Small Disturbances (Rockingham Press, 2016) and Sanctuary (Rockingham Press, 2018). She lives in Orpington, Kent.
Ten people attended this meeting as illness seems to have taken its toll in addition to which two members have moved or are in the process of moving house to other counties.
As usual the choice of poems ranged widely from Shakespeare to Anon and included ‘Diagnosis’ by Sharon Olds, ‘If’ by Rudyard Kipling and ‘Christmas Birthday’ by Dorothy Wordsworth.
In this meeting we had a snapshot of work by three contemporary female poets – Kathleen Jamie, Gillian Clarke and Sinead Morrissey. Thirteen poems by Kathleen Jamie were read, ten by Gillian Clarke and three by Sinead Morrissey.
We were pleased to see our occasional visitor – Michael Bobb.
In the Spring Term we choose and invite the poets we would like to read at our Summer Celebration which this year is to be held on June 25th.
We can hardly believe our good luck as we have managed to secure two very highly esteemed poets for this year’s Summer Celebration. These are Mimi Khalvati and Myra Schneider :-
Mimi Khalvati – (from pages at www.poetrypf.co.uk)
Mimi Khalvati was born in Tehran, Iran, and grew up in England. She has published eight collections with Carcanet Press, including The Meanest Flower, shortlisted for the TS Eliot Prize 2007, and Child: New and Selected Poems 1991-2011, a Poetry Book Society Special Commendation.
She was poet in residence at the Royal Mail and has held fellowships with the Royal Literary Fund at City University and at the International Writing Program in Iowa. She is also the founder of The Poetry School. Her awards include a Cholmondeley Award from the Society of Authors, a major Arts Council Writer’s Award and she is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and of The English Society. Her most recent collection, The Weather Wheel, is a Poetry Book Society recommendation. Her new pamphlet, Very Selected Poems, is forthcoming from Smith|Doorstop Press in 2017.
Myra Schneider – (from pages at www.poetrypf.co.uk)
Myra Schneider was born in North London and grew up in Gourock on the West coast of Scotland, South London and Chichester, West Sussex. She studied English at London University. Myra started writing stories, poems and plays as a child and from the age of nine, was a compulsive writer. She is married to a computer consultant (now retired) and her son works as a freelance computer consultant as I.T. Guy. She has worked as a publicity assistant in an educational publishing firm, a teacher in a comprehensive school and as a private tutor to adolescents and an adult with literacy problems.
This last led to an interest in dealing with learning difficulties and 25 years in sessional work with severely disabled adults. For several years she wrote mainly fiction and her first published book was a novel for children called Marigold’s Monster (Heinemann 1976).
This was followed by two novels for teenagers: If Only I could Walk and Will The Real Pete Roberts Stand Up. Towards the end of the Seventies she began to write more poetry and, since her first collection of poetry was published in 1984, she has concentrated on writing poetry. Her work, as well as interviews with Myra, has also been broadcast on BBC Radio 4, Radio 2 and the BBC World Service.
Writing for Self-Discovery, written with John Killick (Element Books 1998), had an immediate success and was reprinted after six months. It was also published in the USA (Barnes and Noble 1998). Writing My Way Through Cancer (Jessica Kingsley, 2003) is Myra’s fleshed-out journal for the year 2000 and contains poem notes, poems and therapeutic writing ideas. 2000 is the year in which she was diagnosed with breast cancer and she turned to writing to help her come to terms with the experience. The book offers practical support in the form of therapeutic writing suggestions for cancer sufferers, whether they are experienced authors or have never written before.
She is co-editor of several anthologies see Second Light books. Myra is consultant to the Second Light Network of women poets. She runs writing workshops and courses and is a tutor for the Poetry School.
Full Moon: A Night of Poetry and Science
On Thursday 6th December 2018, 7pm, The Shaw Theatre, London. £12. To celebrate 20 years of Poetry Live and 10 years of Science Live, we are holding a unique event, bringing together the most celebrated names in poetry and science, featuring Carol Ann Duffy, Robert Winston, Simon Armitage, Jim Al-Khalili, John Agard, Alice Roberts, Imtiaz Dharker, Steve Jones and many more. Proceeds to Macmillan Cancer Support.
Nola Turner and Ruth Smith attended this very enjoyable event at the Shaw Theatre, enjoying the poetry and being fascinated by the science.
On Nov. 24th. at Holy Trinity Church in Penge, Christine Pope and Jane Sharp entertained their gathered audience with an afternoon of poetry.
There was some crafty rhyming and much laughter as Jane appeared in furs, a purple tutu, a tiara and sparkly boots to hold forth on ‘Posh Pinge’ in an accent which was far cry from her normal Yorkshire.
Christine, at one point, roamed the stage in flippers being a bog-snorkeler, the subject of one of the poems. There were poems about Decluttering, a typical Mega Bus journey from Sheffield to London, the listening skills of hairdressers, Chinese Whispers and the task of manoeuvring a bookcase up a twisting staircase.
There was one, from Jane, quite impassioned, about poetry itself. Their efforts were rewarded by gales of laughter at times and having tried it out on an appreciative audience Jane and Christine intend to take the show to other venues.
On November 14th. members of the SPC attended a poetry reading which was one of a series presented by Jill Abrams. The series is known as ‘Stablemates.’ and each event features conversation and poetry with three poets from one publisher. On this occasion the event was held at Waterstones, Gower Street, and the poets were Mark Doty, Andrew McMillan and Fiona Benson of Jonathon Cape. Coincidentally the Poetry Editor of Cape, poet Robin Robertson, was up for the Goldsmith’s Prize of £10.000 for his verse novel ‘The Long Take.’ During the second part of the evening it was announced that he had won the prize.
Jill Abram had taken the opportunity to book the American poet Mark Doty for this event as he was passing through London at this time. Described by poet Ruth Padel as ‘a poet of glow’ Mark lived up to his reputation as he read some new poems straight from his laptop. He was the first American to win to win the TS Eliot prize and his latest collection with Cape is ‘Deep Lane’
Andrew McMillan made a stunning debut with his collection ‘Physical’ which won the Guardian first book award beside other honours. Writing in Guardian Review, McMillan explained that all he ever hoped for his poetry was that it should ‘live sincerely in the world and take everything that happened, turn it, distil it, and give it back to the reader – in the hopes it might move them, or be ‘useful’. His second collection ‘Playtime’ was published in August.
Fiona Benson read from her upcoming collection ‘Vertigo and Ghost’. Her previous work has been shortlisted for both TS Eliot and Forward prizes. She read some powerful poems from her Zeus sequence about Zeus as a serial rapist, for whom woman are prey and sex is weaponised.
A copy of the letter sent out by Wendy Williams after a visit by three of us to the Poetry Reading Group at Dulwich Library.
Re: Poetry Reading Group at Dulwich Library
We had a great time at the poetry group a few weeks ago. Our subject was calamities, and they came in all shapes and sizes, from wars to lost glasses. Some of them were very sad and serious, and others amusing, so we had a well-rounded selection. Three ladies from the Shortlands Poetry group joined us, and they contributed some excellent material, too.
These are the poems we heard at our last meeting:- From the line (Kerr); The Mistake (Fenton); On the loss of The Royal George (Cowper); Alarm at first entering the Yangtze gorges (Anon); A Panic attack (Stevens); The Sounds crowds make (Moore); Casey at the bat (Taylor); Aviators (Armitage); The Vegetable garden and the runaway horse (Ayres); Catastrophe (Zaman); The Water roars and keeps on roaring (Kemenes); Remember me? (Mather); Does it matter? (Sassoon); The Wreck of the Deutschland [part] (Hopkins); The Gasman cometh (Flanders and Swann); In my own hands (Marks); Stacey (Luke); Abandoned (Sweeney); Reading scheme (Cope); Disconnection and reconnection (Johnson); Ayers Rock (Ayres); Very old man (Henry); Cain (Kemenes); Just like a man (Anon); Fallen (Corbin); The Last poem (Desnos); Boy with orange (Kramer); Calamity (Gibi); Organised am I (Fox); The Shirt (Moore); The Reluctant bride (Turner); Love song for a man with 100 pairs of glasses (Seborn); Please will you take your children home before I do them in (Ayres); Warning (Joseph).
Our meetings are held on the first Friday of each month – the next one will be on 5th October, from 2 until 3.30pm. Our subject will be Elizabethan poets. Please also bring ideas for our new list of subjects, which I will be compiling shortly.
I hope to see you many of you next week.
Love and Best Wishes
Come and join Christine and Jane for a fun afternoon of Poetry and Prosecco.


You get three extra days to file your taxes this year. They'll be due on Mon., April 18.
Emancipation Day, a little-known Washington, D.C., holiday that celebrates the freeing of slaves in the district. Abraham Lincoln signed the Compensated Emancipation Act on April 16, but it is observed in D.C. on Fri., April 15.Instead, the bonus days come thanks to
The last time an extension was granted for this reason was in 2007.
But don't expect a separate -- or longer -- extension to make up for the IRS's processing delay, said IRS spokesman Anthony Burke.
The delay -- caused by Congress waiting until late December to pass new tax policies -- means that the 50 million taxpayers who itemize their taxes on a Schedule A form can't file until February.
However, the IRS estimates that less than 9 million taxpayers will end up being impacted by the delay, based on historical filing patterns.
"It's a very small percentage of folks who will be affected," said Burke. "There's no real reason why they would need time beyond April 18 because these are the people who want to file early anyway, and who may not be able to file early due to events the IRS couldn't really have done anything about."
I guess I will make my appointment for Sunday. Because I like to live on the edge and I have a playdate on Saturday. LOL
See the vid below on tax cuts, maybe this will make it a little better.


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All registrants are likewise required to submit an unique copy of Surety Bond for three ( 3 ) years (with certificate of fine standing from the Insurance Commission), minimal amount of which is P 20,000.00, with the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) as Obligee. Ask for his commission amount proper on the outset, so to examine it with others and likewise against the usual market rates before agreeing to pay up. If we do the fitting things to the property and it’s a mean house, we must be in a position to cost this property at about $75,000 and we will get the identical quantity of showings if we priced within the $55k vary. Most often, they may spend $10k, $40k or extra updating, and despite the fact that they might get extra for their property earlier than the upgrade, it is very seldom the amount they spent to do the improve. In this particular report, there are as many showings at 75k as there are at 55k. There are fairly a few much less showings in the opposite worth ranges, AND there are only 2 homes even priced within the 55k range proper now, so those properties are selling as fast as they hit the market, and their real estate agent might have been able to push the worth just a little to get more.
The reality is that this proprietor paid $72,600 in 2005. The fact after promoting over 1,000 homes in the past 10 years in this down market, and promoting over 1,500 properties previous to that since 1991, is that within the KC area, our values did not likely drop (for this price range of residence) from 2006 to at present. Be ware of three bedroom homes in-built 1,000 to 1,200 square toes. Which will fluctuate in some areas and value ranges, but for the most half my in depth expertise in selling and shutting that many homes is that most properties will promote close to what they were bought for if a seller bought from 2006 to 2016. Now, right this moment, the supply and demand is a little off for some areas, and seller’s can capitalize and perhaps promote for more. The value of your home is already decided by the energetic buyers that are currently on the lookout for homes like yours. This system allows you to avoid wasting all properties under the name you give them, and have a look at the place you might be within the amortization table at any time. Part of our success technique is displaying our sellers the place the buyers are literally taking a look at properties. This post was written with công ty xây dựng!
There are variations in how every possibility will have thi công xây nhà tại nghệ an effect on your credit score score and subsequent capability to acquire credit score. A California mortgage modification doesn’t hinge upon what your previous credit rating is, it hinges more upon your skill to proceed to make payments all through the course of your loan. Our Ventura County Loan Modification Kit has the instructions you will need to get a loan modification accredited along with your lender. If you really wish to get top dollar, you need a strategy that makes you extra aggressive than your current competitors. You can change the situation however many sellers are being suggested to do huge upgrades to get their property bought. Another house that featured in the state police narrative of how Dulos killed his estranged spouse – down the street from Jefferson Crossing at 80 Mountain Spring Road – is being readied for sale by the bank that has foreclosed on it. In that same instance, if they’d priced their house $10k lower than the value before they did the upgrades, they’d have actually netted $10k more than spending $20k to get $10k increased sale worth.
The bottom sale value was $35,000 but, an agent has listed a property for $24,950. NOTHING below $130k for sale in that area. That is over a hundred sellers each month within the Greater KC area that didn’t get their property offered, and missed buyer opportunities and left fairness on the desk. When searching for real property investment alternatives in Atlanta or anyplace in the nation, the typically accepted commonplace is to purchase a property that gives you a modest however minimal 1% profit on your funding. Now, what you can do is, be part of any of the local effectively-recognized real estate associations. In the following examples it is superb how the property values could be so different from one another. I am utilizing this property for instance as a result of it actually helps perceive how even a few thousand dollars off in value can imply so much to somebody. In reality, a couple of thousand dollars on a property on this worth vary is a giant deal!

domain: economics


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Item description for The Christmas Story: God's Unspeakable Gift by Chuck Smith...
Overview In four short chapters designed for reading aloud, Pastor Chuck Smith tells the Christmas story, moving from Joseph and Mary's plight to to the angel's good tidings and the shepherd's reaction to they had just heard. In doing so, Smith illustrates the precious Gift of Christ that was given to us, and follows through with Christ's gift to us of salvation through repentance and faith in Him. With biblical allusions as well as more modern stories for context and contrast, Smith retells a familiar story for today's families to appreciate year after year.
Promise Angels is dedicated to bringing you great books at great prices. Whether you read for entertainment, to learn, or for literacy - you will find what you want at promiseangels.com!
Studio: The Word for Today
Est. Packaging Dimensions: Length: 8.69" Width: 5.98" Height: 0.63" Weight: 0.57 lbs.
Release Date Oct 1, 2008
Publisher The Word for Today
ISBN 1932941916 ISBN13 9781932941913
Availability 0 units.
More About Chuck Smith
Chuck Smith started Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, and has served as its Senior Pastor for twenty-five years. Chuck's sermons are heard internationally through the church Web site at calvarychapel.com/capobeach.
Chuck Smith currently resides in the state of California.
Chuck Smith has published or released items in the following series...
Reviews - What do customers think about The Christmas Story?
This is great to read as a family Mar 25, 2009
Chuck tells the Christmas story in his own words according to the accounts from the gospels. It can be read in one sitting, and it truly relays what the purpose of Christ's coming was.
The greatest story ever told Mar 20, 2009
This book is going to become part of a new tradition for our family. Reading it outloud brings everyone of all ages back in time and draws the focus of Christmas onto to what it should be--Jesus. This would be a perfect book to give as a gift to anyone at Christmastime.
Storytelling Mar 3, 2009
Bring the true meaning of Christmas back into your celebration. The storytelling quality of this book captures it for everyone, young and old. It's never too late to start a Christmas tradition.

domain: library


10 years ago who would have thought that Gastown would be what it has become today. The large beacon of hope is the brand spanking new Woodward’s building, a positive catalyst for an inclusive neighbourhood. A place where young and old, rich and not so rich converge in this socio-economic melting pot. Enough babble from me here are a few photos I found while scouring the Internet, the “tub W” is amazing and the view is simply breathtaking. Continue reading to see more photos.
photos by Hayden Ross


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Om Grand Alliance
In this third volume of a six-volume series, Winston Churchill draws upon thousands of personal memoranda, war correspondence, and internal government memos to describe the full entry of the US into World War II--adding considerable strength to British military operations and morale. While America had contributed to the British war effort before, primarily through the Lend-Lease program providing material support to Britain and later to Russia, it was Churchill who finally persuaded an isolationist US Congress to fully join the cause.
This account not only documents historical events with thrilling immediacy--it also gives intimate insight into Churchills state of mind as a military leader. With the US on Britains side, Churchills certainty of success stayed with him throughout the war--and made him the indomitable leader history remembers.< /p>


Anyone who has been paying even the slightest bit of attention lately can’t help but notice that drones, drone estimating, and drone classes have quickly become an ever-growing niche in the insurance industry. A few years ago the drones were bulky, hard to operate, and were illegal to use in a business. That has all changed now. Drones are smaller, faster, easier to fly, and pilots are easily licensed. That’s important because in order for there to be mass adoption of this tool then there has to be a relatively low barrier of entry. Currently, someone can get their drone pilot’s license in as little as a week.
An army of workers with an army of drones means a few things for the industry. The inspector could potentially utilize the drone to obtain photographs for areas that are particularly dangerous. The inspector will still need to get on the roof and do his own inspection, but he won’t necessarily need to wait on ladder-assist or bring in a three-story ladder. Some of the drone-assist programs are utilizing machine learning to teach the drones what hail and wind damage look like. This technology is in its infancy but is improving every day. A good inspector with a decent off-the-shelf drone shouldn’t face too many roofs that can’t be inspected properly, promptly, and safely.
A drone inspection, coupled with roof measurements from satellite imagery would take the inspection time from what a few years ago could have taken well over an hour down to about 15 minutes. The impact on cycle times for adjusters, the number of homes a contractor can inspect in a day, or the homeowner’s ability to check their own roof for damage prior to a claim can’t be overstated.
With all of this information travelling the information superhighway, there is no time to wait on paper-based systems. Based on a company’s needs or resources available, the field work and inspections could be done with someone who is newer to the industry with that inspection report sent back electronically (and from the jobsite even) to someone with experience who is waiting on the other end to actually handle the loss.
If the owner of the property has any paperwork that needs to be captured then there are a number of paid and free apps that can scan those documents to a PDF utilizing Android or Apple phones. This allows the owner to retain the original copies while allowing the file manager access to the electronic copies the same-day.
The file manager then has photos and measurements of the roof (and some drones even allow for elevations), a 3-d model of the home (depending on the drone program used), and any pertinent documentation that the property owner wants to share. Armed with this information, the file manager can put together the estimate in record time thus reducing the cycle time per job and increasing profitability.
Most estimating programs have robust reporting features which then allow a Storm Manager or Project Manager to oversee a team of file managers and their statistics i.e. jobs open, jobs closed, time from start to finish, etc… These are the lifeblood of this industry. Job loads can be increased or decreased as-needed, and individuals with lagging performance can be coached or trained while those who are outperforming their peers can be interviewed to find out what they are doing different.
All of this technology exists today, and it didn’t just a few, short years ago. Historically the insurance industry has been slow to adopt new policies and procedures. They are, after all, the epitome of a legacy business. With that being said, the digital tide can’t be held back. In this age of smartphones and society’s demand for instant gratification the industry will have no choice but to pivot and begin to utilize the technology that is becoming more and more available. Many exciting technologies are coming to market, and drone inspections and photography are one of those. They can’t replace the inspector, but in the right situations they do provide another solution.
Ultimately, those companies that embrace new technology, shorten the amount of time it takes for the customer to get results, and is able to keep everyone informed of the process along the way will be the companies that prosper and flourish. Those companies that continue with legacy systems will go the way of Blockbuster, Sears, and any number of brands that have fallen by the wayside. Technology is a wave. You can either ride it or you’ll get crushed by it.


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Rated 4.2 out of 5 by 476
Rated 4.0 out of 5.0 by Andrewrwilson good hotel
good hotel, would recommend as a nice place to stay, but get a room away from the lifts if possible.
October 5, 2015
Rated 5.0 out of 5.0 by dush holiday inn golders green
we loved staying at this hotel the rooms were clean and comfortable breakfast could have been a little better a full english fry up would have been lovely but we did enjoy what we ate staff friendly and helpful we would definately stay here again
October 4, 2015
Rated 4.0 out of 5.0 by Mkanya Friendly helpful staff and clean rooms
I found the stall very helpful and responded to my requests promptly. The hotel was very clean and warm.
Despite not having a large variety on breakfast, the food that was served was good and delicious. Noise levels were at a minimum allowing allowing us to relax and enjoy our stay.
October 3, 2015
Rated 5.0 out of 5.0 by sapta das bett
auser das das bett zu schmall fuer zwei personen ist war alles in bester ordnung und zu unseren zufriedenheit
October 2, 2015
Rated 4.0 out of 5.0 by SLT_01 A Good nights stay at a superior hotel
The most important people in the world enter through the front door of the Holiday Inn Express at Golders Green, London.
Who are these people?
The customers who stay there. A frequent business traveller such as myself rates a hotel by the quality of the service provided by the staff.
The quality of the room, the attentiveness of the staff, and their desire to assist. Solve a problem before it happens.
Get these few pointers right then your customer retention will shoot up.
Altitude is determined by attitude.
October 1, 2015
Rated 5.0 out of 5.0 by Rana14 Nice and comfortable
Best place to stay close to central London, bus stop is right outside the main exit.
October 1, 2015
Rated 4.0 out of 5.0 by Nigel1972 London Holiday
Would recomend this hotel, transport right outside.
September 30, 2015

domain: travel


DeSantis Update On Hurricane
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, as well as other Florida officials, give an update on day 2 of Hurricane Ian and how long 2.5 million residents will be without power. Meteorologist Mike Masco also provides insight on what’s next and which states have to get prepared – via. American Agenda on Newsmax.
Lee County, whose county seat is Ft. Myers, appears to have suffered the greatest blow. Carmine Marceno, the sheriff of the county on the southwestern coastline of Florida, says “fatalities are in the hundreds.” More from Newsmax with Leo Feldman reporting.


To deal with the growing demand for biologics, single-use filtration technologies and advanced filtration systems, various industry stakeholders are engaged in the development of automated, efficient and user-friendly biopharmaceutical filtration systems
Roots Analysis has announced the addition of “Global Filtration Market (Focus on Biologics Manufacturing), 2023 – 2035” report to its list of offerings
The report features an extensive study on the current landscape and the likely future potential of global filtration market, over the next decade. The study also features an in-depth analysis, highlighting the capabilities of various industry stakeholders engaged in this field. In addition to other elements, the study includes:
A general overview of the filtration systems, different types of filtration systems, advantages of biopharmaceutical filtration systems, challenges associated with biopharmaceutical filtration systems and applications of biopharmaceutical filtration.
A detailed assessment of the overall market landscape of the companies offering biopharmaceutical filtration systems, based on several relevant parameters.
A detailed competitiveness analysis of biopharmaceutical filtration system suppliers based in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific
Tabulated profiles of key players based in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific that are engaged in supplying biopharmaceutical filtration systems (shortlisted based on strength of product portfolio, company size and availability of financial information).
A detailed analysis of the recent developments taking place in the biopharmaceutical filtration domain. It includes various patents granted in this domain since 2019 and the mergers and acquisitions that have taken place in the recent past years
An in-depth analysis of the global events taking place in the biopharmaceutical filtration domain, since 2018, based on various relevant parameters.
The financial opportunity within the biopharmaceutical market has been analyzed across the following segments:
Type of Filtration System
Depth Filtration System
Tangential Flow Filtration Systems
Membrane Filtration Systems
Other Filtration Systems
Type of Filter (based on use)
Disposable / Single-use Filters
Reusable / Multi-use Filters
Type of Assembly
Type of Drug Product
Key Geographical Regions
Rest of the World
Key Companies covered in the report
Thermo Fisher Scientific
To view more details on this report, click on the link
Non-viral Drug Delivery Systems Market
Learn from experts: do you know about these emerging industry trends?
mRNA Therapeutics and mRNA Vaccines Industry: Current Scenario and Future Trends
Advancements in Automation of Processes: Key Value Driver for Escalated Interest in Cell Therapies Manufacturing Domain
Learn from our recently published whitepaper: –
Next Generation Biomanufacturing – The Upcoming Era of Digital Transformation
About Roots Analysis
Roots Analysis is a global leader in the pharma / biotech market research. Having worked with over 750 clients worldwide, including Fortune 500 companies, start-ups, academia, venture capitalists and strategic investors for more than a decade, we offer a highly analytical / data-driven perspective to a network of over 450,000 senior industry stakeholders looking for credible market insights.
+1 (415) 800 3415


|8 Zone Control Panel and inbuilt 2 Message 30 Number Speech Dialer, Home Automation System with 4 Appliance Control,Automatic Arming & Disarming, Remote Access through Telephone and Separate LCD Remote Key Pad (included). Inbuilt Power Supply.|
Securico Solitaire 8
8 Zones Wired Control Panel For Wired intrusion Alarm System
With 2 years manufacturer’s Warranty.
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Your Mercedes’ clutch is a vital component of the transmission system. It can make or break the success of your whole system – when the clutch and the rest of the transmission system are working optimally, your Mercedes will give you smooth acceleration as well as gear shifting, which is what it was designed to do.
That’s all well and good, but when you are experiencing a problem with the clutch, this problem can actually ruin your transmission if you don’t get it looked at.
First off, let’s explain exactly what a clutch does. This is a mechanical device located between the transmission and the engine. It’s responsible for transferring the rotational power of the engine to the transmission, and then finally to the wheels.
- Engaging the clutch will separate the engine from the transmission, which essentially disconnects the power flow.
- Disengaging the clutch will connect the engine to the transmission, which essentially sends power to the wheels.
Without a clutch, the only way you could stop your engine from spinning the wheels would be to switch the car off. Clutches are designed to give you smooth gear changes in either a manual or automatic transmission. Like any other component of your Mercedes, clutches can act up and cause problems.
Here are some issues you should be on the lookout for, which could indicate a damaged clutch. Immediate attention by a Dallas mechanic is the best bet.
Common Clutch Problems
When your clutch ceases to function the way it should, this indicates a problem somewhere in the system. Here’s a look at the most common causes of clutch dysfunction:
- Worn Clutch: Because the clutch is part of a very complex system comprised of many different components, all of those components as well as the clutch can wear out over time. The same is true for any part of your Mercedes. Clutch systems are built with longevity in mind, but even the best clutch will start to fail at some point, particularly if you have been known to drive your Mercedes in harsh conditions or tend to drive it hard. The telltale sign of a worn clutch is when it becomes difficult to shift gears.
- Dragging Clutch: Clutch drag is caused by problems with the clutch disc, and can have many impacts on your transmission. It may become hard to change gears, for instance, especially when shifting into higher RPMs. Let’s say you’re merging onto the freeway or turning onto a busy street. In this case, your Mercedes should make this transmission smoothly, accelerating quickly but seamlessly. A dragging clutch can make for an uncomfortable and dangerous ride.
- Loose Clutch Pedal: This occurs when the master cylinder leaks transmission fluid, which can damage your slave cylinder (where the clutch will disengage). This may also cause a glitch in your car’s smooth gearshifts, which makes it tough to control and steer your Mercedes. Just like a dragging clutch, it can be unsafe to drive with a loose clutch.
Every Mercedes owner should have a good, basic working knowledge of what is going on with their vehicle. But even if you suspect you know what’s going on, it’s important not to self-diagnose. If you are experiencing major clutch malfunction symptoms, it’s vital that you bring it to your trusted Mercedes mechanic right away. Only they can diagnose the issue and fix it the right way.
But first, here are a few things you can try to diagnose what’s going on so you have a better understanding of the problem.
…the clutch is worn and you are finding yourself needing to apply extra pressure when shifting gears, your clutch is worn out. You will know this because your Mercedes won’t be able to readily shift from low to high gear. When pushing down on the clutch, you may detect a grinding sound, which is another sign you should be bringing your Mercedes to a professional.
…the clutch is dragging, try this solution if you drive a stick shift. Shift into neutral to start the vehicle, depressing the pedal completely. Put the car in first gear while being sure to keep the pedal depressed. Return the car to neutral, then wait a few seconds so the transmission can come to a halt. Shift into reverse while being careful not to push hard on the shift lever. If the gears clash, a dragging clutch is to blame.
…the clutch pedal is loose or you don’t feel resistance when pressing the clutch, the pedal is likely loose. Take it to a Dallas mechanic so they can restore It back to the manufacturer’s settings.
Importance of a Reliable Mercedes Mechanic
As you know, the clutch is essential to shifting gears and can impact the driving experience in uncomfortable and unsafe ways. This is why you shouldn’t ignore the aforementioned issues. Keeping your clutch in tip-top shape is only possible with immediate and regular attention from your Mercedes professional.
It’s best to bring your Mercedes in for service at the first sign of problems. This way, your technician can inspect, diagnose, and repair the problem before irreversible damage occurs at great expense and inconvenience.
Contact Hance’s European in Dallas
Here at Hance’s European, we specialize in working on all kinds of Mercedes vehicles, and can address any issue you may be having with your make and model, including clutch work. Backed by decades of hands-on training, we bring all the right tools, training and knowledge necessary for superior clutch maintenance, repair and replacement for luxury brands like Mercedes.
If you’re having issues with your clutch, book your appointment now with our certified Mercedes service technicians at in Dallas or complete our online form. We are conveniently located at 1850 West Mockingbird Lane right here in Dallas. Contact us today at 214-761-8823.


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Muriel set for €15m Samp move
Sampdoria are on the verge of signing Udinese and Colombia forward Luis Muriel for €15m.
Kevin Mendez on Roma 'dream'
Penarol talent Kevin Mendez has flown in for Roma. “I am very happy to be playing in Italy, though I’m not sure where yet.”
Pogba: 'Bring on 2015'
Paul Pogba puts Super Cup defeat behind Juventus. “The objective is to win the Scudetto and go further in the Champions League.”
Candreva and Biglia back for Lazio
Lazio have named their squad for tomorrow’s game with Sampdoria, including Antonio Candreva and Lucas Biglia.
Agent: Sneijder will cost Juve €20m
Wesley Sneijder’s agent warned Juventus that “Galatasaray don’t want to sell” for less than his €20m release clause.
Fiorentina fans slam Neto
Fiorentina fans have already turned on Norberto Neto with a bitterly critical banner unveiled in training.
Pioli: 'Lazio must earn third place'
Stefano Pioli warned Lazio to put all their focus into tomorrow’s showdown with Sampdoria. “We must continue to earn third.”
Kovacic: 'Inter are a big club'
Mateo Kovacic welcomes Lukas Podolski to Inter, aims to beat “special” Juventus and assures he’s “already at a big club.”
De Silvestri out of Lazio-Samp
Sampdoria are without injured Lorenzo De Silvestri for tomorrow’s trip to Lazio.
Florenzi: 'Roma spit blood for Scudetto'
Alessandro Florenzi is still in awe of Francesco Totti and warned Roma “will spit blood to win the Scudetto.”
Mihajlovic: 'Samp shock Lazio'
Sinisa Mihajlovic joked about the Rome derby within Sampdoria and promised to “surprise” Lazio tomorrow.
Milan delay Suso deal
Alessio Cerci’s arrival means Milan can wait until the summer to take Suso on a free transfer from Liverpool.
Torres basks in Atleti welcome
Fernando Torres was greeted by 45,000 Atletico Madrid fans after his loan from Milan. “What have I done to deserve this?”
Atalanta in Mbaye talks
Atalanta are close to taking Ibrahima Mbaye from Inter on loan, confirmed his agent. “They are very interested.”
Serie B: Catania, Livorno, Latina sackings
Livorno, Catania and Latina sacked their Coaches to bring in Ezio Gelain, Dario Marcolin and Mark Iuliano.
Milan ask about Santon
Milan are said to be targeting Newcastle United full-back Davide Santon, an ex-Inter youth product.
Hamsik: 'Happy at Napoli'
Marek Hamsik wants the Scudetto and laughed off speculation. “Even the rocks know I am happy at Napoli!”
Podolski still can't train with Inter
Lukas Podolski’s chances of making his Inter debut against Juventus are dwindling, as Arsenal still haven’t provided paperwork.
Gabbiadini: 'Ready for Napoli'
Manolo Gabbiadini has left Sampdoria to complete his Napoli transfer. “It was a wonderful year and a half.”
Banti referee for Juve-Inter
Luca Banti will officiate Tuesday night’s often controversial Derby d’Italia between Juventus and Inter.
There’ll be no time for festive hangovers for Juventus and Inter as their first game back is one of the biggest matchups in Italian football – the Derby d’Italia.
Napoli ended 2014 with the Italian Super Cup and now hope to pile more misery on Cesena to start the New Year right.
Neto-Giovinco swap considered
Norberto Neto refused to sign a contract renewal with Fiorentina, but could be exchanged with Juventus for Sebastian Giovinco.
Last season these sides were competing for Europa League qualification. Things have certainly changed and Parma are now rock bottom with Fiorentina eighth.
Falcao-Miranda if Pogba sold?
If Juventus were to sell Paul Pogba, their shopping list would include Radamel Falcao, Ramires, Miranda and Mats Hummels.
Buoyed by their thrashing of Real Madrid just before the New Year, Milan will be hoping to kick-off 2015 with a bang against Sassuolo on Tuesday afternoon.
Verona ask OM for Doria
Hellas Verona are being linked with a possible loan bid for Olympique Marseille’s Brazilian defender Doria.
Paraguay-Argentina duel for Iturbe
Roma forward Juan Manuel Iturbe is in an international tug of war between Argentina and Paraguay.
Bocchetti back to Genoa?
Spartak Moscow defender Salvatore Bocchetti could make a surprise return to Genoa this month.
Shaqiri only wants Inter
Italian papers are adamant that Xherdan Shaqiri favours Inter over Liverpool, but the final word goes to Bayern Munich.
Gianfranco Zola makes his debut on the Cagliari bench in the Derby delle Isole away to high-flying Palermo.
Mancini decisive for Podolski
The presence of Roberto Mancini as Inter Coach was behind “99 per cent” of Lukas Podolski’s decision to quit Arsenal.
What the papers say...
Today's front page headlines from La Gazzetta dello Sport, the Corriere dello Sport and Tuttosport.
Parma tempt Inter's M'Vila
Yann M’Vila could leave Inter just six months into his loan from Rubin Kazan, as Parma are interested.
Gabbiadini books Napoli flight
Manolo Gabbiadini will arrive on Sunday evening to complete his transfer from Sampdoria to Napoli.
TODAY'S FRONT PAGES
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Poisoned Europa chalice
Zemanlandia lives on
Old Lady dreams of Treble
Bernardeschi better in Florence
The Comeback Killers
Win it for Gigi!
The rise of Alex Sandro
Serie A Week 32: Did You Know?
Montella's the Man
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Mortgage Rates in U.S. Fall to Record Lows With 30-Year at 3.79%
Mortgage rates in the U.S. fell to a record for a third straight week, reducing borrowing costs as the housing market improves and home-loan defaults decline.
The average rate for a 30-year fixed loan dropped to 3.79 percent in the week ended today from 3.83 percent, Freddie Mac said in a statement. It was the lowest in the McLean, Virginia-based mortgage-finance company’s data dating to 1971. The average 15-year rate decreased to 3.04 percent, also a record, from 3.05 percent.
Record-low mortgage rates, combined with job gains and lower-priced homes, are helping to lift housing demand and stabilize the real estate market. Housing affordability reached a new high in the first quarter and sales of previously owned homes rose 5.3 percent from a year earlier, data from the National Association of Realtors show. The share of home loans at least 30 days late dropped to 7.4 percent, the lowest since 2008, the Mortgage Bankers Association said yesterday.
Low borrowing costs are encouraging homeowners to reduce their monthly bills. The mortgage bankers’ measure of refinancing applications jumped 13 percent in the week ended May 11, the mortgage-banking group said yesterday. The gauge of purchases declined 2.4 percent.
Builders began work on more homes than analysts estimated in April, a sign the real estate market is stabilizing. Housing starts climbed 2.6 percent from the previous month to an annual pace of 717,000, Commerce Department data showed yesterday.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Kara Wetzel at email@example.com


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140th Anniversary Celebrations
This year we celebrated the 140th anniversary of St Aloysius’ College. On Thursday 20th June, past and presents staff and students, along with well-wishers attended a special mass and reception to commemorate this significant milestone.
To further celebrate the occasion decorative displays were created in our Main Hall and along corridors depicting the school and its students throughout time.
The school has educated several generations of boys who have gone on to lead successful lives of leadership and service in their chosen fields. Speaking at the event, Ms Heffernan said ‘our boys continue to receive a strong Catholic education in keeping with the tradition of forming boys who are able to serve and lead in all walks of life.’ Mr English praised the staff for ‘keeping true to the ideals of the founding fathers of the school.’
It was delightful to see old Aloysians discussing education and the school’s history with current students, and learn about experiences of many decades ago.
The school continues to provide a strong Catholic Education, offering a strong curriculum of academic and vocational courses. These are supported by a broad range of enrichment activities, local and overseas trips, cultural visits, sports and clubs.
Former St Aloysian's with Current Sixth Form Students

domain: sociology


President Biden’s recent case of Covid-19, its rebound, and his extended isolation offers an opportunity to consider how more precise interpretation of viral load via PCR testing might be used to safely return people to work or school earlier.
Biden tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, on July 21, after beginning to experience a runny nose, dry cough, and fatigue the night before. He took the antiviral Paxlovid for five days, as prescribed. He felt well, and serial testing indicated that his body had cleared the virus on July 26. He returned to work on July 27, consistent with guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yet on July 30, the president tested positive again, and was “forced to resume strict isolation procedures” despite feeling fine, according to a memo from his physician, Kevin C. O’Connor.
This decision, well within current norms for care, was nonetheless consequential: The president was forced to cancel a trip to advocate for legislation in support of the domestic semiconductor industry, despite feeling fine. It wasn’t until Aug. 7 that he returned to “public engagement and presidential travel.”
The re-emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus after treatment — also known as Paxlovid rebound — is increasingly recognized by clinicians. It may happen when a reservoir of virus is suppressed by antiviral therapy but not eradicated by it. This rebound suggests that new strategies, such as increasing treatment time from 5 to 10 days, should be evaluated, since the virus can apparently linger in individuals who have no symptoms, with or without treatment.
This raises a key question: Do such individuals harbor enough virus to be contagious to others?
Current recommendations for returning to school or work (which the Washington Post and others have called confusing) rely on empiric observations: symptoms and the timing and results of Covid tests, usually the rapid antigen tests such as the at-home tests provided by the federal government. The imprecision of such guidance leaves uncertainty for both individuals and public health officials grasping for more actionable data.
This is where “gold standard” testing — PCR-based tests — have added value. PCR tests measure SARS-CoV-2 in a different way than antigen tests. They are highly precise, allowing them not only to detect infection before symptoms start, when rapid antigen tests are often negative, but also give quantitative results throughout the course of infection. The drawback is that samples collected for PCR testing need to be sent to a lab for analysis, so they don’t provide an instant readout of infectivity.
Modeling suggests that this ability of PCR tests to quantitate viral loads can be translated into the risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to others. Serial positive PCR results, either in the course of an infection or following Paxlovid rebound, offer the possibility of interpreting — objectively and quantitatively — how practically significant the positive results are. If viral load is high, individuals should continue to take precautions for themselves and to prevent infecting others; if low, they can be confident they do not carry enough virus to be infectious to others, and can return to work (but with mask wearing until virus is fully cleared or 10 days have passed).
The quantitative details of Biden’s PCR tests haven’t been made public. But the information could have been used by his physicians to determine if he had a greater or lesser need to isolate, stringently wear high-grade masks (for example KN95) when around others or, particularly with no symptoms, suggest little to no further risk to his health or that of those around him.
While translating viral test data into clinical decision-making needs greater attention, a variety studies have begun to consider transmissibility and viral load. This was perhaps most clearly analyzed by Ruian Ke and colleagues, who examined viral transmission among serially tested NBA players and nine individuals in the first cluster of Covid-19 infections in Germany (both pre-Omicron). Their modeling indicated that transmission is high early after infection, when viral loads are at or below the limit of what rapid antigen tests can reliably detect, but that transmission risk can persist, typically up to 10 days, rarely longer. It is plausible that transmission risk, particularly early after exposure, is even greater with current variants.
Such studies have not, however, translated into Covid management recommendations, in part because they yield a range of risk probabilities, which is useful for health care policymakers but less so for infected individuals and their clinicians. Nonetheless, the current emphasis on rapid tests that do not yield quantitative information can be supplemented (or improved) by the use of quantitative PCR testing.
The Covid-19 clinical testing laboratory at the Rockefeller University, where I work, has implemented an easy-to-use, sensitive, inexpensive serial PCR saliva testing program that has helped keep the university’s pre-K program children, staff, and families safe and the program open during the pandemic.
Individuals who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR or rapid antigen test and are asymptomatic can be tested again and, if a repeat PCR test is negative, return to school or work as early as three to five days. Those who experience Paxlovid rebound or persistent positive PCR or rapid antigen tests can be triaged according to their symptoms and viral load. Individuals who feel well but are PCR positive with a low viral load that is unlikely to make them a transmission risk (Rockefeller’s current guidance defines that as a viral load under about 1,000 copies of the virus per milliliter of saliva) can return to school or work but must wear a KN95 mask until testing shows the virus has been cleared or 10 days have passed.
Rockefeller and other clinical laboratories in New York City, such as the Pandemic Response Lab, are pushing to turn around PCR test results in under 24 hours — 99% of Rockefeller’s test results are returned the same day of submission — making them even more clinically actionable.
Making decisions on return to work is a clinical one that can now be supplemented by hard numeric data. If widely implemented, attention to viral load — hence risk of transmission — could inform management for everyone.
Robert B. Darnell is a senior attending physician and professor of molecular neuro-oncology at The Rockefeller University, an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, a senior visiting fellow at MITRE, and the founding director and CEO emeritus of the New York Genome Center.
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Making it easy for you to stay up to date on the latest technologies and breakthroughs, from clinical studies to videos of surgical procedures and more.
Your education resource
The medical field is advancing by leaps and bounds every day. Staying on top of current data, discoveries, and techniques will help you provide the best possible care to your patients. And you can find it all here.
Find videos detailing techniques, physician and patient perspectives, full surgical procedures, and more.
Keep up with the latest research and ongoing studies examining the effects and treatments of chronic sinusitis, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and nasal airway obstruction.
Not sure how to use your new product? We’ve got you.
Multi-Center Market Research Confirms Nasal Valve Collapse as a Contributor for Most Nasal Obstruction Sufferers
MENLO PARK, Calif., June 28, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Entellus Medical Inc., now part of Stryker, today announced the publication of a multi-site market research study evaluating symptom severity for nasal airway obstruction (NAO) patients seen in otolaryngology (ENT…

domain: medical


Fuel Marketer News Rebrand
Project DescriptionEPIC News+Data had a serious problem. EPIC is a Price Reporting Agency that sells pricing data products to the fuels industry as well as maintains news sites dedicated to fuel wholesaler, retailer, and marketers and 8 newsletters and three print magazines that cover the same markets.They had 6 web properties with duplicate content which left them with duplicating work, being ignored by Google, and having an overall clunky look and feel. The ultimate goal was to improve SEO and readership. In order to do this, we realized that we needed to make drastic changes. After digging deep into their statistics, we needed to adopt a mobile-first strategy. All of their previous web properties and newsletters were anything but mobile friendly. We also realized a significant overlap in their news coverage with a resulting hit to their search engine rankings. The answer was a ground-up rebuild of their brand identity and marketing properties. What resulted was a redesign that had their three main mastheads of Fuel Marketer News, Fuel Retailer Magazine, and Commercial Fuel Buyer under the new banner of FuelsMarketNews. The main sites were now one mobile-responsive banner. Traffic from their newsletter and print publications now drove traffic to the consolidated site and allowed a significant increase in cross-pollination of the news feeds and an overall increase in all web metrics.
Project DetailsClient Client Name Date Date of Completion Skills Branding, Web Design View elegantthemes.com
SEO / Design
The purpose of the sites is to act as a go-to source for news and information about the fuel industry. Since they are very narrowly focused parts of the fuels industry, having enough news to fill a site with unique stories and information was a challenge. So, they acted as news aggrigators and filled their sites with duplicate data. For SEO purposes, Google instantly picked up on the fact that the data is duplicated across the sites and therefore totally ignored them. Luckily each site did produce original content but not enough to really garner ranking in Google. So we did a deep dive of their branding and it was determined that the main site and name that EPIC was known for was Fuel Marketer News. So, the name FMN Market News was chosen. We then set out to do graphics and headers since that would lead our design. We chose a modern flat design with unobtrusive banner ads that was built from the ground up to be mobile friendly since 40% of the hits came from phones. We still maintained some of the hints of look and feel from the old site to more easily transition readers to our new site. Eventually, as the site grows, we will remove some of the elements of the old site to go with an even more streamlined site.
Email & Rollover
With a readership in the hundreds of thousands, transitioning from three disparate sites to the new site presented a major and potentially game ending challenge. Each of the three sites had their own individual daily and weekly newsletters. A significant portion of the site traffic came from email clicks so caution was required. The rollover was gamed numerous ways but what was decided was to start linking the new site to the stories in the lowest readership newsletter first. This would allow us to load test the new site and see how people used the site differently thanks to split testing. As expected, readers clicked more and stayed longer on the new site. All three newsletters were rolled over to the new site, the old sites were marked no-follow, the transition to the new site was a smashing success. One of the most challenging aspects of this project was the size of the existing web properties. Altogether, there were thousands of stories with numerous duplicates. Add to this, all three sites were live and were being constantly updated. Through significant planning, we worked out and executed a plan for the rollover of the sites that made sure the transition went as smoothly as one could possibly hope.


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Original Research ARTICLE
The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on the Engagement of Citizens in the Detection of Dead Corvids During the Emergence of West Nile Virus in Ontario, Canada
- 1Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- 2Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, University of Guelph, Department of Pathology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
West Nile virus (WNv) was introduced into North America in 1999, and by 2002 was identified in most regions of Ontario, Canada. Surveillance of WNv included testing of corvids found dead and reported by citizens across Ontario, which at the time was a novel citizen science application for disease surveillance. While this surveillance program was successful for timely identification of WNv as it emerged and spread across the province, it is important to consider the influence of non-disease factors on surveillance data collected by the public. The objective of this study was to examine associations between rates of citizen phone reports of dead corvids and sociodemographic factors within the geographic areas where the reports were obtained. The data were grouped by forward sortation area (FSA), a geographical area based upon postal codes, which was linked with census data. Associations between the weekly rate of citizen reports and FSA-level sociodemographic factors were measured using multilevel negative binomial models. There were 12,295 phone call reports of dead corvids made by citizens in 83.3% of Ontario FSAs. Factors associated with the weekly rate of phone reports included the proportion of high-rise housing, the proportion of households with children, the proportion of seniors in the population, the proportion of citizens with no knowledge of either official language and the latitude of the FSA. There were higher rates of citizen phone reports in FSAs with <80% high-rise housing and greater proportions of households with children. A positive and negative association in the rate of calls with the proportion of seniors and latitude of the FSA, respectively, were moderated by the proportion of the population with knowledge of official language(s). Understanding the sociodemographic characteristics associated with citizen reporting rates of sentinels for disease surveillance can be used to inform advanced cluster detection methods such as applying the spatial scan test with normal distribution on residuals from a regression model to reduce confounding. In citizen-derived data collected for disease surveillance, this type of approach can be helpful to improve the interpretation of cluster detection results beyond what is expected.
West Nile virus was first identified in 1937 in Uganda (1), and until the mid-1990's was associated with sporadic outbreaks of mild illness in humans in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe (2). Subsequently, strains of WNv appeared to cause higher morbidity and mortality in humans and horses in parts of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (3). A strain of WNv implicated in outbreaks of mortality in domestic geese in Israel was homologous to the strain that emerged in New York State, United States (U.S.) in 1999 (4). These outbreaks were associated with more severe neurologic disease and higher mortality in humans, horses and birds. Members of the corvid species, e.g., American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), Black-billed Magpies (Pica hudsonia), Common Ravens (Corvus corax), Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata), and Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) were thought to be particularly susceptible to WNv infection, with American Crows, Black-billed Magpies and Blue Jays experimentally demonstrating high levels of viremia and mortality (5). In Canada, surveillance activities for the detection and monitoring of WNv were initiated in 2000, which included mosquito trapping and testing, sentinel surveillance using chickens, collection and testing of corvids found dead by the public, as well as reporting of human and equine cases (6). In addition, a database of all dead corvid phone reports in Ontario was created, which included the location of all corvid carcasses across Ontario, including those which were not tested for WNv and the test status of carcasses that had been collected (6). In 2001, the disease was first identified in Ontario in a found dead corvid, and subsequently, cases in corvids and humans were found across the province (and most of North America) through the summer and fall of 2002 (7).
Our previous research demonstrated that the citizen-derived data on dead corvids collected and tested provided timely identification of West Nile virus activity in public health units across Ontario, and demonstrated a high sensitivity for WNv detection (8). This was more evident during the early years after the incursion of WNv into Ontario, when public interest was high and naïve populations of corvids were highly susceptible to the disease. Furthermore, these data were useful for predicting where human cases would later occur, especially after adjusting for underlying sociodemographic and geographic factors associated with human cases (9).
There is increasing interest in citizen-derived data for scientific study (i.e., “citizen science”), including for the surveillance of wildlife diseases (10) and emerging vector-borne infections like Lyme disease (11) and Zika virus (12). Opportunistic citizen reporting can be a cost-effective option for data collection over wide geographic and temporal scales, including on private land (10). However, citizen-derived data can be biased by a number of factors including non-random distribution of effort and detection probability, which can influence their spatiotemporal distribution (13). The citizen phone reports of dead corvids during the initial emergence of WNv across Ontario in 2002 have not been explored for their associations with underlying area-level sociodemographic factors that may have influenced citizen participation in the detection and reporting of carcasses found in the environment. It is important to consider these potential confounding effects when advanced statistical methods such as cluster detection techniques are utilized for identification of higher-than-expected morbidity or mortality. While other potential explanatory factors such as other causes of mortality or varying underlying spatial distribution of corvids cannot be controlled, differences in the likelihood of citizens to report dead corvid carcasses when they are present may also bias these data if they are to be used for cluster detection. Specifically, adjusting cluster analyses for potentially confounding variables related to public participation can improve the identification of epidemiologically meaningful clusters. Understanding associations between citizen participation in data collection can also shed light on the potential level of citizen engagement among different population demographics during future disease emergence events, which can be used to improve communications soliciting citizen engagement and hence, their participation. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the citizen phone reports of dead corvids in relation to area-level sociodemographic factors, in order to understand inherent biases in these particular data and to inform future research and communication strategies regarding the use of sentinel indicators for disease surveillance when participation by the public is requested.
Data Sources and Management
A dataset containing all citizen phone reports of found dead corvids across Ontario during 2002 was provided to the researchers by the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC). This dataset included the date the dead corvid was found, whether the caller was a member of the public or from an organization, the street address, town/city and postal code, or geographic coordinates in latitude and longitude where the corvid carcass was located. The most consistently accurate level of spatial location for these entries at the highest geographic resolution available was the postal code information. In Canada, the first 3 characters of the postal code, i.e., the Forward Sortation Area (FSA), represents a geographic area within a major region or province/territory, based on mail distribution zones (14) and can be linked to Canadian Census data. Cartographic boundary files (14) and 2001 FSA Census data (14) were obtained from Statistics Canada. Phone reports which contained the latitude and longitude coordinates rather than street address and postal code were linked to the FSA within ArcMap v10.2.1 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA).
The latitude and longitude of the FSA centroid was determined using the Calculate Geometry function in ArcMap. Sociodemographic variables and human population size within the FSAs were obtained from the 2001 Canada Census (14). While the Census contains many potential explanatory variables, the sociodemographic variables chosen were based on the hypothesized non-overlapping biological or sociological influence on distribution of phone reports. The included the following variables: the proportion of high-rise homes (defined by Statistics Canada as a dwelling, owned or rented, in a building with 5 or more stories), the proportion of new homes (defined by Statistics Canada as those built between 1996 and early 2001 when the Census was collected), the proportion of households with children, and the proportion of low income households (defined by Statistics Canada as the percentage of economic families or unattached individuals who spend 20% or more of their income than average citizens on food, shelter, and clothing) (14). We also obtained the following Census sociodemographic variables concerning the proportion of the population that were: seniors (i.e., 65 years of age or older), in the labor force, had obtained a Bachelor's degree or higher education level, and had no knowledge of either official language (i.e., English and French) at the FSA level (14). Weekly phone reports of dead corvids within FSAs were calculated using Microsoft Excel (2016). These data were linked to the FSA centroid coordinates and FSA-level sociodemographic variables in a common dataset using Stata/SE version 14.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA).
The dead corvid reports were summarized by proportion of species reported (i.e., American Crows, Common Ravens, Blue Jays, Gray Jays (renamed Canada Jays), and non-corvid species). The phone call reports were summarized by number of calls per FSA, including those FSAs with no calls received over the study period.
The dependent variable for this study was the FSA-level weekly phone call reporting rate, based on the number of weekly phone calls about dead corvids within each FSA. Because the outcome was rate-based and the data were over-dispersed, univariable negative binomial models were fit using Gaussian-Hermite quadrature (using the “menbreg” command in Stata). The models included an offset, which was the natural log of the number of people residing in the FSA, and a random effect with an independent covariance structure for FSA to control for clustering due to repeated observations within FSAs. Linearity was assessed using locally-weighted regression scatterplot smoothing (lowess) curves (15) between the FSA-level weekly rate of phone call reports and the following FSA-level continuous independent variables: FSA centroid latitude and longitude, the proportion of high-rise homes, the proportion of new homes, the proportion of households with children, and the proportion of low income households, as well as the proportions of the population that were seniors, in the labor force, had obtained a Bachelor's degree or higher education level, and had no knowledge of either official language. Any continuous variables found to have a non-linear relationship with these phone call reporting rates were categorized, if an appropriate transformation could not be found or the relationship could not be modeled with the addition of a quadratic term (15). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rs) were examined for each pair of independent variables to assess potential collinearity in subsequent multivariable modeling. If any pair of variables was found to be strongly correlated, using a cut-point of rs ≥ |0.8|, the variable considered most informative from a biological perspective was included in the proceeding models.
Multi-level negative binomial models were next fit by Gaussian-Hermite quadrature to explore the associations between the weekly citizen phone call reporting rates and FSA-level sociodemographic factors, in addition to the FSA centroid latitude and longitude. As for the univariable models, a random effect with an independent covariance structure for FSA was included to control for clustering due to repeated observations within FSAs and the natural log of the number of people residing in the FSA was the offset.
Based on the univariable models, variables that demonstrated an association with weekly citizen phone call reporting rates at a liberal significance level of alpha = 0.20 were further evaluated in multi-variable models using a backward step-wise elimination process. Associations and pair-wise interactions between variables considered for inclusion in the multi-variable model were assessed using two-tailed likelihood ratio (LR) tests at a significance level of alpha = 0.05. Assessment of confounding was performed by removing each non-intervening variable from the model and evaluating whether its removal resulted in a change in any coefficient by 20% or more. Coefficients were exponentiated and reported as incident rate ratios (IRR). Predicted curves were used to interpret interaction effects involving continuous variables. Fixed quantities were estimated for interaction terms on phone call reporting rates, while holding all other variables constant at their mean values.
Multi-variable model fit was evaluated by assessing the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance for the best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs), graphically using a normal quantile plot and by a scatterplot of the BLUPs vs. the predicted outcome, respectively (15). Pearson and deviance residual plots were also examined to identify potential outliers (15). The final multi-level negative binomial model was also compared to a multi-level Poisson model and zero-inflated negative binomial model, using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to identify the better fitting model for the data.
There were 12,886 citizen phone call reports in Ontario concerning sightings of dead birds in 2002. The majority of bird species were classified as American Crows (95.64%), with the remainder classified as Blue Jays (0.99%), Common Ravens (0.53%), Gray Jays (0.02%), European Starlings (0.01%), Gulls (0.01%), and “other birds” (2.80%). There were 122 phone reports with either missing dates or location information (including postal codes), which were excluded from further analyses. Of the remaining records, the number of phone call reports about dead corvids within each FSA ranged from 0 to 407, with a mean of 21.8 and median of 6 calls. There were 85/510 (16.7%) FSAs where no citizen or organization reported dead corvids in 2002.
Based on univariable analyses, none of the variables were highly correlated with another variable. Those that were associated with phone call reporting rates based on a liberal p-value (p < 0.20) are displayed in Table 1. The following variables meeting these criteria were considered for inclusion in the multivariable model: FSA centroid latitude, the proportion of high-rise homes (categorized into two groups based on a cut-point of 80% high-rise), the proportion of new homes, the proportion of households with children, the proportion of the population with low income (modeled as a quadratic relationship), the proportion of seniors in an FSA, and the proportion of the population with no knowledge of either official language.
Table 1. Univariable+ associations between sociodemographic factors and rates of citizen phone call reports of dead corvids in Ontario during the West Nile virus outbreak of 2002.
Significant associations were identified (p < 0.05) between phone call reporting rates and the proportion of high-rises and the proportion of households with children (Table 2). There were interactions between the proportion of seniors and the proportion of people having no knowledge of either official language (Table 2), and the proportion of seniors and the latitude of the FSA (Table 2). The final fitted multi-level model demonstrated that, after controlling for other covariates, FSAs with >80% of households characterized as high-rise were associated with lower reporting rates (Table 2). Phone call reporting rates increased with the proportion of households with children (Table 2). Generally, as the proportion of seniors in the population increased, so did the rate of phone call reports about dead corvids. However, this increase was less rapid in FSAs where the proportion of the population speaking an official language was lower (Figure 1). For FSAs located at higher latitudes (i.e., further north), the predicted rate of phone call reports decreased, and there was a sharper decline in the rate of reports in FSAs where the proportion of people speaking either official language was lower (Figure 2).
Table 2. Multivariable+ associations between sociodemographic factors and rates of citizen phone calls reporting dead corvids in Ontario during the West Nile virus outbreak of 2002.
Figure 1. Model-adjusted predicted citizen call rates concerning dead corvids by forward sortation area (FSA) senior population proportion at three levels of official language knowledge. “High,” “Moderate” and “Low knowledge” classifications refer to the 25, 50, and 75th percentiles based on the proportion of the population within FSAs having no official language knowledge.
Figure 2. Model-adjusted predicted citizen call rates concerning dead corvids by FSA latitude at three levels of official language knowledge. “High,” “Moderate” and “Low knowledge” classifications refer to the 25, 50, and 75th percentiles based on the proportion of the population within FSAs having no official language knowledge.
The best-fitting model based on AIC values was the negative binomial model with a random effect for the FSA. The evaluation of the residuals identified several outliers, but removal of these observations did not change the model estimates. The BLUPs for the random intercept for FSA were also normally distributed and demonstrated homogeneity of variance.
When West Nile virus appeared in North America, the reporting of dead corvids by citizens in various jurisdictions in North America provided a unique approach toward monitoring the spread of a vector-borne disease. This was made possible due to the high public concern about the implications of human West Nile virus infections, high mortality rates among corvid species infected, and their widespread distributions. The impetus for this study was to explore how human sociodemographic factors influenced rates of phone calls reporting corvids found dead by citizens in Ontario during 2002, when WNv first spread across the province.
We found that there was a high volume of citizen phone call reports of dead corvids received from most areas of Ontario during the spring, summer and fall of 2002. The majority of birds were classified by citizens as American Crow, which is consistent with previous studies on WNv-positive species distribution (16). Few birds were reported as non-corvid species, indicating the public was well-informed about which species to report, although most reports were not validated since the majority of specimens were not collected for testing (8). The citizen reports would have been influenced by a number of geographic and sociodemographic factors related to the likelihood of detecting corvid carcasses in the environment given their presence, and social factors related to an individual's knowledge of the WNv surveillance program requesting reports of dead crow carcasses and their willingness to report by phone any dead crows found. The number of households within FSAs may have also influenced these data if each phone call was placed by a single household, however, the population size of the FSA was used instead as an offset since phone call reports were placed by individuals, to control for the likely influence of FSA population size on number of phone call reports received. Household-level sociodemographic variables, available from the Census, were included to account for sociodemographic features of the small areas represented by FSAs.
Due to the ecological nature of this study, one must be cautious interpreting our findings from the community level (i.e., FSA) to the individual caller level. Small areas such as FSAs in Ontario, being more homogenous in their population structure can limit the effect of ecological bias (15). Furthermore, the latitude and longitude of the FSA were considered in relation to the weekly phone call reporting rates as a coarse measure of the geographic distribution of corvids, although we could not completely control for differential underlying distribution of corvids across the province, which would be influenced by the seasonal distribution patterns related to breeding, migration, and locations of roosting sites. Corvid distribution data are collected via other citizen participatory approaches, such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) (17) and Project FeederWatch (18), but these point data are collected at a single timepoint along roadside survey routes (BBS) or during winter (Project FeederWatch), and were primarily developed for temporal trend analyses over a number of years. However, since corvids are widely distributed across the province and known to cohabit in proximity to humans (19), the following results suggest certain sociodemographic factors within small areas influenced the reporting of dead corvids by citizens in Ontario, given their presence in the surrounding environment.
We found that there were fewer phone call reports in areas with a high proportion of high-rises, in comparison to low-rise settings. This finding seems contrary to previous research which has shown that the American Crow (19) and Culex mosquitoes (20) are found in greater abundance in urban vs. rural areas. Also, research by Ward et al. (21), who used crow decoys to compare urban and rural differences in citizen detection and reporting rates and scavenging rates by other animals in a county in Georgia, U.S.A., found that detection and reporting was significantly higher in urban vs. rural areas, and carcass removal by scavengers occurred more quickly in rural parts of the country. It is intriguing then, that FSAs with a high proportion of high rises (as a surrogate measure for urbanicity) were associated with lower reporting rates in our study. Perhaps the cut-point of 80% high-rise density used in this study which was made based on the linear relationship with reporting rates, captured a different relationship in very high-density urban environments compared with all other regions. For example, areas with high density housing likely have fewer trees and may be further from woodlands for roosting, and this result may reflect a lower density of corvids. Lower abundance of mosquitoes and less transmission of WNv to corvids may provide another explanation, or anthropogenic factors related to the human population characteristics could explain the reduced likelihood of citizen detection and reporting of dead crows in these settings. For example, perceived safety and pleasurability of surrounding outdoor spaces has been found to be lower in high density neighborhoods, with a concurrent negative association with time spent outdoors (22).
We also found higher rates of phone call reports were associated with areas in which there were higher proportions of households with children. This finding may reflect the geographic features of areas with higher proportions of households with children, like suburban areas, being more suitable to corvid populations. It is also possible that citizens from households with children generally spend more time outdoors and are more engaged with public health messaging. Canadian children spend greater amounts of time outdoors relative to all other age groups (23), and other research has shown that children interact more directly with the natural environment in comparison with adults (24). Thus, this age group may be more likely to identify dead birds in their surrounding environment.
The association found between higher sightings rates and areas with higher proportions of seniors may reflect features of these FSAs promoting larger corvid populations since the majority of senior Canadians live in urban metropolitan areas (25). A national survey-based study does not support the presumption that Canadian seniors spend greater amounts of time outdoors in comparison with other Canadians (23), nor have they been found to participate more often than younger people in survey-based studies (26). Further research would be needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms behind higher reporting rates among FSAs with more senior residents.
The reduction in phone calls reports about dead corvids with increasingly northern, cooler latitudes likely reflects lower rates of WNv-infected crows due to mosquito-dependant WNv replication, amplification and transmission cycles. Further, FSAs in northern Ontario have generally lower human population densities, more open space, and likely more opportunities for scavenging of corvid carcasses by wildlife. Previous studies of anthropogenic causes of bird mortality have shown that the removal of bird carcasses (by scavengers) before an observer has a chance to detect them is one of the largest biases in estimating mortality rates using citizen-derived data (27, 28).
We also found that the associations between phone call reporting rates and the proportion of seniors in the population, as well as phone call reporting rates and the latitude of the FSA, varied by the level of knowledge of official languages within FSAs. It may be that in areas with higher proportions of new Canadians, there was lower awareness of West Nile virus risk and/or understanding of public health messaging requesting the reporting of found dead corvids. Other social and cultural barriers may have reduced the likelihood of citizens finding and/or calling to report dead corvids in areas where higher proportions of new Canadians reside. The finding that FSAs with higher proportions of seniors were associated with higher phone call reports is likely related to a number of reasons including having more available time and higher interest in, and knowledge of birds, although this effect was modified by the proportion of the population with knowledge of an official language.
It is likely that some citizens reporting dead corvids may have misclassified the species involved, since it may be difficult for average citizens to differentiate American crows, ravens and magpies from various other black species of birds (e.g., grackles and starlings). Geographic differences in bird species awareness among Ontario citizens may have produced unmeasurable biases in the data. In the current context, a mobile phone application could be developed to aid in identification of different species (29), and a photograph of the specimen could be uploaded by the user to verify the species and evaluate carcass quality for testing. There were also a high proportion of location entries with small errors that precluded the use of exact coordinates for analyses. Since we investigated associations at a small area level this was not a serious problem for the purpose of this study. Current widespread use of digital technologies, including smartphone mobile applications and GPS capabilities, would allow for relatively easy dead crow reporting, verifiable with respect to exact location and species identification. These technological advancements may improve reporting rates for future studies and surveillance programs and reduce some of the biases in citizen-derived wildlife data.
Citizen reporting of dead corvids in Ontario during the 2002 emergence and spread of WNv across the province depended on citizens having the knowledge and willingness to make phone reports, and on their likelihood of detecting the corvid species of interest if they were present. While the program was very successful at timely and sensitive identification of WNv in Ontario, the dead corvid reports collected from citizens, were non-random samples requiring careful handling in order to make valid spatial inferences about risk. Here, we identified sociodemographic factors related to the different rates of dead corvid reports among small areas in the province which may have been related to the likelihood of reporting, given the presence of the disease. Measures of WNv risk based on citizen reports of dead corvids should consider these potential factors influencing reporting, since statistical measures can be implemented to control for their confounding effects in epidemiological risk-based studies and cluster analyses (30, 31). Hence, it is important to consider underlying biases for any studies which utilize valuable citizen-derived data.
Data Availability Statement
The datasets for this manuscript are not publicly available from the authors due to privacy restrictions. Requests for the caller data can be made to the CWHC. Census data are available from the Government of Canada.
Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements. Ethical review and approval was not required for the animal study because Citizen-acquired phone calls about deceased corvids did not require ethical review and approval by the University of Guelph.
The study design and manuscript revision were completed by AT-B, DP, EP, and OB. Data analysis, interpretation and drafting of the manuscript were completed by AT-B.
AT-B was supported by an Ontario Veterinary College Fellowship.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the citizens of Ontario who participated in the surveillance of West Nile virus by identifying and notifying the local public health units about the presence of dead corvids across the province in 2002. The authors thank the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC) for compiling and providing access to the data on dead bird sightings collected by Ontario public health units during 2002.
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Keywords: West Nile virus, surveillance, citizen science, arbovirus, wildlife disease surveillance
Citation: Thomas-Bachli AL, Pearl DL, Parmley EJ and Berke O (2020) The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on the Engagement of Citizens in the Detection of Dead Corvids During the Emergence of West Nile Virus in Ontario, Canada. Front. Vet. Sci. 6:483. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00483
Received: 09 August 2019; Accepted: 09 December 2019;
Published: 22 January 2020.
Edited by:Marta Martinez Aviles, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain
Reviewed by:Simon More, University College Dublin, Ireland
Leslie Foss, California Department of Public Health, United States
Copyright © 2020 Thomas-Bachli, Pearl, Parmley and Berke. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Andrea L. Thomas-Bachli, firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: geography


text:
- Will Florida unemployment benefits be extended?
- Will unemployment benefits get extended?
- What happens when PEUC runs out Florida?
- How long will the $300 unemployment last in Florida?
- Does PEUC get the extra $300?
- What state has the lowest unemployment benefit?
- What is the maximum unemployment benefit in Florida for 2020?
- What happens when Florida unemployment runs out?
- Is there unemployment extensions in 2020?
- How much does unemployment pay in Florida?
- Will I get an extra 600 dollars for unemployment?
Will Florida unemployment benefits be extended?
Florida unemployment checks may flow for 19 weeks in 2021; September jobless rate grows to 7.6% …
Adrienne Johnston, chief of the Department of Economic Opportunity’s bureau of labor statistics, said payments would be extended from 12 to 19 weeks starting Jan..
Will unemployment benefits get extended?
Under the CARES Act responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, all states are currently able to provide extended benefits so you can continue receiving unemployment insurance payments for up to 26 or more weeks.
What happens when PEUC runs out Florida?
If the PEUC program expires, unemployed workers can then apply for what’s called Extended Benefits, which lasts from 13 to 20 weeks in most states, though only six weeks in Florida. … Then there is the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance program, or PUA.
How long will the $300 unemployment last in Florida?
14, Florida’s Department of Economic Opportunity said eligible Floridians will receive only four weeks’ worth of the additional $300 benefit.
Does PEUC get the extra $300?
California (CA) Employment Development Department (EDD) – Additional $300 in Lost Wages Assistance (LWA), PUA and PEUC and FPUC Benefits News. California’s Employment Development Department (EDD) manages the Unemployment Insurance (UI) and State Disability Insurance (SDI) programs for the State of California.
What state has the lowest unemployment benefit?
State Unemployment, Ranked From Least Supportive To MostRankStateMax Benefit1Florida$2752South Carolina$3263Louisiana$2474Arizona$24046 more rows•Apr 23, 2020
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In 2020, you can receive a maximum of $275 per week for 12 weeks. You are entitled to a maximum benefit amount of $3,300. You will continue to receive Reemployment Assistance weekly for up to 12 weeks.
What happens when Florida unemployment runs out?
Officials say those unemployed Floridians may now qualify for EB, which stands for Extended Benefits — a 6-week extension program that begins once you’ve exhausted PEUC. After that, the DEO says you can apply for federal funds under the PUA program.
Is there unemployment extensions in 2020?
2020 Unemployment Extension Those receiving unemployment insurance will receive an additional $600 a week for four months. That’s in addition to what states already pay, which has been extended an additional 13 weeks.
How much does unemployment pay in Florida?
How much does Florida offer? The state offers a maximum of $275 a week — based on your earnings — for up to 12 weeks. An additional week is added for every 0.5 percent increase in the state unemployment rate above 5 percent. The maximum is 23 weeks when the unemployment rate gets above 10.5 percent.
Will I get an extra 600 dollars for unemployment?
Workers in most states are eligible for up to 26 weeks of unemployment benefits from regular state-funded unemployment compensation, but some states allow for fewer weeks. Under a new federal law, you can receive an extra $600 per week from April 5, 2020 until July 31, 2020.

domain: finance


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