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Access to Google Maps can occasionally be dangerous.
I was wondering how much out of the way it would be, if I get back to Glacier National Park sometimes in the nearish future, to pop up over the border and check out the Banff/Jasper/Yoho/Kootenay park complex up in Canada. Turns out it's less than 300 miles from Glacier to Banff.
Then I thought, it'd be fun to take my youngest two on a trip out there. A big road trip with lots of hiking and driving and taking pictures and wading in ice cold mountain lakes, and all that jazz. The boys are really excited about the prospect of the Rocky Mountains, and seeing them, and you can't do much better than Glacier and Waterton Lakes up on the Montana/Alberta border and then pop up north for the big Canadian Rockies super-park.
So I added more destinations, bracketed it with our address on either said, and whipped out a route in Google maps. Except... well, my one son really wanted to see Rocky Mountian National Park specifically. I think it's the name. So, I added that. It wasn't too far out of the way, really. Well, it kinda is, but if I'm going to go to all this trouble anyway, why not? My other son really wanted to see Yellowstone, and it turns out that between Rocky Mountains National Park and Glacier Naitonal Park, you have to go pretty darn close to Yellowstone anyway. And if I'm going to go to Yellowstone for his sake, then I also want to see next-door Grand Teton National Park for mine.
Now we had a lot of destinations and a lot of miles. But it occurred to me that I could make the drive from the Great Lakes to the Rockies a little more palatable if I looked for a stop or two along the way. It wouldn't add too much distance to put Mt. Rushmore on the trip. And then Devil's Tower which is nearby. And then, hey, it looks like from Mt. Rushmore and Devil's Tower National Monuments to Rocky Mountain National Park, well, you have to drive within a few miles of Scott's Bluff National Monument.
All of this took me about ten to fifteen minutes to plan out with Google Maps. I need to save this ambitious route and plan for taking the entire month of July... sometime... to do this. After this, my boys (and maybe even me) should be completely Rocky Mountained out.
And just to punctuate how awesome all these Rocky Mountains are, here's a shot of the "Twenty Dollar View" across Lake Moraine in the Valley of the Ten Peaks in Banff National Park.

domain: travel


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I travel both with my work and with my family. I have Hiltononors elite status and Carlson elite status, by that I mean - I am frequent traveller :-). I searched for months to find a good hotel in NY, with reasonable prices and good location. I changed my booking serveral times and finally ended up with this hotel. I did the right thing to chose this hotel!
Location: Perfect! Minutes from Macy's and Time Square! Did not need to use the metro, we walked everywhere from the hotel.We felt very safe.
The rooms: Very nice design and very clean - NO bedbugs! Nice bed!
Breakfast: Very good and free!
Price: We paid from 119 to 189 USD/night during our stay - that is a good price for NY!
Service with a smile!
So why not 5 stars? I do not like that they use paper/plastic plates/forks etc in the breakfast room.
I can highly recommend this hotel, we will stay there again for sure!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- This newly refreshed, 20-story hotel located in the trendy Chelsea neighborhood between Sixth and Seventh Avenues provides the perfect location for travelers looking to stay in the city. Start your day early with our complimentary breakfast then head out to famous attractions like Madison Square Garden, Times Square and Central Park. Enjoy world class shopping with a visit to Macy’s or family fun at the Chelsea Piers Sports and Entertainment Complex. Dine at hot spot restaurants, catch a Broadway show or browse the neighborhoods numerous art galleries. After a day of taking in the sights and sounds of New York City, relax in a comfortable Hampton bed® and watch your favorite shows on our 32 inch LCD HD TVs or stay connected with our free high-speed internet. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hilton Hotels Direct, Orbitz, Expedia, Travelocity, Agoda, Booking.com, Ctrip TA, Priceline, Hotels.com, Hotwire, TripOnline SA, Cheap Tickets, Cancelon, HotelQuickly and getaroom.com so you can book your Hampton Inn Manhattan-Chelsea reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Hampton Inn Manhattan Chelsea Hotel New York City
- Manhattan Chelsea Hampton Inn
- Hampton Inn New York City
- Hampton Inn Chelsea
- New York City Hampton Inn


As the 2014-15 regular season comes to an end, the Michigan Tech women’s basketball team rests at 11th in the nation with an incredible record of 22-1. While many students and community members aren’t aware of the women’s success this year, the season is close to taking its turn into the playoffs.
Starting off the season being picked to place second in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletics Conference, the Huskies fought their way through two top-ten teams and stand on a 13 game winning streak going into the second-to-last regular season weekend. The Huskies first broke into the top-25 in the week of December 16, starting at 20th. Falling to 24th after their singular loss to Tiffin on January 4th, they have climbed to 11th in the nation. With the NCAA Tournament in sight, the Huskies are keeping up their strong play.
After defeating Hillsdale College by a statement-making score of 88-54, the team secured their 13th GLIAC regular season title. With three games left before the GLIAC tournament, the Huskies are playing at the top of their game. About to leave for a two game road trip to GLIAC foes Northwood University and Lake Superior State, the focus of the Huskies remains on the driving force of their successes – defense.
In their last five games, Michigan Tech has held each of their opponents to an average of 50.0 point. With the program priding itself on strong defensive games, junior forward Dani Blake has been an important part of their success. Averaging 7.4 rebounds, 2.0 blocks and 1.9 steals per game, Blake’s strong play, including a 15 point, 10 rebound, 6 assist and record tying 7 block effort against Northwood on January 29th, has held the Huskies to their one-loss record.
Senior Jillian Ritchie has been having great success in her final season in black and gold. Ritchie has scored 20+ points in three of the Huskies victories. Defensively, Ritchie hasn’t been quiet either; in a 65-54 victory against no. 11 Concordia-St. Paul on November 21st, she posted 13 rebounds. Averaging 5.7 rebounds and 10.3 points per game, Ritchie’s strong defensive and offensive play has been a helping hand for the Huskies.
Sophomores Morgan Anderson, Kelli Guy, and Brenna Heise round out the starting lineup. Anderson’s strong ball control and sharp shooting have kept the Huskies in games and the offense running smoothly. Shooting guard Kelli Guy has taking the SDC Wood Gym by storm with her impeccable three point shooting skills. Brenna Heise’s short-corner shot is nearly impossible to guard, and the sophomore’s on-par shooting has caused countless problems for nearly every defense that the Huskies have encountered.
The Huskies finish their regular season with three road games starting on Thursday, February 19th when they travel to Midland to play the Northwood Timberwolves, then face the Lake Superior State Lakers on Saturday, February 21st. Tip-off is at 6pm on Thursday and 1pm on Saturday. Michigan Tech finishes the regular season against rivals Northern Michigan on February 26th in Marquette at 5:30pm.
For more information on Michigan Tech’s women’s basketball team, including highlights, game stats, game notes, and player profiles, visit their website.


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BIG Brother star Jade Goody yesterday revealed she was quizzed at home by police after crashing her Porsche.
Jade, 24, escaped from the #60,000 Cayenne 4x4 after it hit a tree and ran into a ditch.
Police traced her to her home in Chipping Ongar, Essex at 2am.
Yesterday Jade claimed she lost control after swerving to avoid a deer. She said: "I was so scared. I thought the car was going to blow up. I managed to get out and just left it.
"I guess I just panicked really."
Police said no further action would be taken.

domain: news


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This is what changing the world looks like. A new report out this week finds the U.S. leads the industrialized nations of the world in shifting away from coal, a feat even more remarkable because we are home to the world’s biggest fleet of coal plants. This remarkable progress has been over a decade in the making, and was made possible by Beyond Coal activists who first stopped utilities from building a wave of new coal plants, and then proceeded to win dozens of campaigns to retire existing coal plants across the United States and replace them with clean, renewable energy. Even better, the news comes in the lead-up to international climate negotiations in Paris this fall, where the U.S. is positioned to lead thanks to this unprecedented progress on coal and clean energy.
As the report released by E3G puts it, the U.S. is “leading a clear move away from coal evident across all G7 members” (with one exception – Japan). That’s because, since 2005, 184 proposed new coal plants, valued at $273 billion, have been cancelled at various stages of development. Retirements of existing coal plants are gathering pace, with 205 plants representing 84 gigawatts of capacity already confirmed for retirement. And that progress will accelerate over the coming months, as we work toward our goal of securing replacement of half the nation’s coal plants with clean energy by 2017.
This report confirms what I’ve been living and breathing for many years now: Communities who want clean energy and no more dirty coal power are a force to be reckoned with. They comprise a sophisticated network of grassroots activists across America who are moving the global needle on climate, carbon pollution, and clean energy. Together they have been successfully challenging coal operators who are trying to prop up aging plants, and they are unstoppable, because they’re driven by the very real and present danger coal poses to our climate, clean air, and clean water. Overall, coal is the largest source of carbon pollution in the U.S., as well as the nation’s largest source of mercury, sulfur dioxide, and toxic water pollution.
We recently announced the retirement of the 200th coal plant nationwide (we’re now up to 204), which represents the phase out of nearly 40 percent of the 523 U.S. coal plants that were in operation just five years ago.
While we knew this was big news domestically, this new report confirms that it’s a big deal for the planet as well. The work of the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal Campaign and more than 100 allied organizations to retire these plants and replace them with clean energy has enabled the United States to lead the industrialized world in cutting global warming pollution, and has put the White House on firm footing to push for a strong international climate accord in Paris at the end of this year. As the report states,
The USA is leading the charge despite facing the largest challenge given the scale of its existing coal use. With 288GW of capacity, the scale of the coal fleet in the U.S. is more than twice the size of the other G7 members combined. Nevertheless, the USA is making the most positive progress of all the G7 countries; recent retirement announcements amount to more than 84GW by 2020, with new policies reducing coal pollution and setting the framework for investment in clean energy.
I continue to be in awe of our tireless activists nationwide – they are not only cleaning up our air and water, but they’re also giving our climate a fighting chance. And they’re working hard to ensure that coal power is replaced by clean, renewable energy. In the lead-up to Paris, this grassroots rebellion is moving the global carbon needle, and I’m so grateful for everyone involved in this game changing campaign.
— This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.


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Trucks and busses
Is your vehicle longer then 6 meters, wider then 2.05 meters and/or higher then 2.40 meters? Then the rules for parking trucks and busses apply. This means that you can only park at the places designated for this.
You can park your vehicle within the consolidated urban area at:
- Schieweg (between the Engelsestraat and the Rijnweg)
- Tanthofdreef (at the parking terrain on the eastside)
- Olof Palmestraat (at the carpoolterrain next to IKEA, only between 5 pm and 8 am and on Saturdays and Sundays).
- Teslaweg (along the canal, only between 6 pm and 6 am).
- Outside the consolidated urban area you can park along the A13 and tank station Ruyven (area of Rijkswaterstaat)
Exemption heavy vehicles centre Delft
Does your vehicle weigh more than 3500kg and do you want to enter the centre of Delft? Then you need to have an exemption. At this page [www.parkerendelft.com/parkeerloket/ontheffing-zwaar-verkeer] you will find all the information about the exemption for heavy traffic in the centre of Delft and you can apply for an exemption.

domain: geography


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Finding an California Hard Money lender can seem like a daunting task. In fact, you may be so deep in financial hardship, it’s taking all of your strength just to keep your head above water. When you don’t have anywhere to turn, California Hard Money lenders are there for you. After you find the right Hard Money lender for you, they can loan you the money you need in as little as 24 hours and set you on the path to financial freedom. There are a few ways to find the right California Hard Money lender and it is on you to make sure you find the right one for your needs.
First, you need to determine the kind of Hard Money you are seeking. Are you a commercial developer in need of Hard Money? Or are you an individual interested in a residential Hard Money loan? Deciding which category you belong to is the first step to consider before looking further.
Then, crunch the numbers and configure how much money you need. Remember that California Hard Money lenders will loan you up to 80% LTV (loan to value), but this amount could also be as low as 65%. Keep your number somewhere between that range and then start doing your research. You probably already have your purchase in mind, so do the math. How much can you afford? How much do you need to borrow? What can you do to minimize costs?
Researching an California Hard Money lender
What better way to start than with everyone’s favorite research tool? You don’t even have to get off the couch–start with the internet. Use a search engine such as Google or Bing and type in the words you are looking to find. For example, if you wanted to find a lender in your area, you may type “California Hard Money lenders.” Undoubtedly, several hundred (if not thousand) websites are going to pop up. This can also be daunting. Click on some of the sites and compare and contrast what you see. Make a few lists of the things that seem legitimate to you and also keep a list of lenders that seem a little sketchy. It isn’t too much to ask to have your Hard Money lender at least have a legitimate looking website if they are going to be dealing with your finances.
One of the most important things to remember is that if it seems too good to be true, IT IS! Don’t do anything you feel uncomfortable with, even if it seems like a good deal. Trust that gut feeling of yours, even if it means the lender you decide on has slightly higher interest rates. Don’t let your vulnerable situation lead you down a path that you feel to be wrong.
When you find a decent looking lender, look up some customer reviews. You can learn about a lender by simply reading what other people’s experiences have been like with them.
There are lots of ways to make California Hard Money work for you. The most common situation is a person seeking a loan to purchase a home who cannot get approved for a loan by a traditional lending agency like a bank. While most people think of California Hard Money loans as those high-interest, last-resort, type of money options, they can actually be used creatively and efficiently so that the lender and the borrower both end up profiting in the end. Believe it or not, it can be done!
Dennis Dahlberg Broker/RI/CEO/MLO
Level 4 Funding LLC
Arizona Tel: (623) 582-4444
Texas Tel: (512) 516-1177
NMLS 1057378 | AZMB 0923961 | MLO 1057378
22601 N 19th Ave Suite 112 | Phoenix | AZ | 85027
111 Congress Ave |Austin | Texas | 78701
About the author: Dennis has been working in the real estate industry in some capacity for the last 40 years. He purchased his first property when he was just 18 years old. He quickly learned about the amazing investment opportunities provided by trust deed investing and hard money loans. His desire to help others make money in real estate investing led him to specialize in alternative funding for real estate investors who may have trouble getting a traditional bank loan. Dennis is passionate about alternative funding sources and sharing his knowledge with others to help make their dreams come true.
Dennis has been married to his wonderful wife for 42 years. They have 2 beautiful daughters 5 amazing grandchildren. Dennis has been an Arizona resident for the past 40 years.

domain: finance


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Create your own gallery wall! Choose from an array of frame sizes and sophisticated mat cuts plus your choice of finish color – including matte black, white, maple or walnut hardwood
Complete your corner with artifactuprsng Custom Framing. American-made, archival prints finished with real hardwoods.
'Sleep In' Watercolour Typography Print - posters & prints
Heines botanical framed art from Ballard Designs - Think I could make these from a botanical art book
Beautiful marble effect art prints in gold frames from Desenio. Great for the one who is into design and decor in the family .
Walnut Wood Art Print Frame - Urban Outfitters ***thin frame, print photo with white border***
Let& Stay Home framed print, Modern Farmhouse sign- Let& Stay Home, Home Decor signs Let's Stay Home framed print Modern Farmhouse by SincerelyUsShop
Great ideas on using inexpensive engineering prints for large scale art work in your space - Remodaholic

domain: artistic


I remember watching Ferris Beuller’s Day Off when I was younger and drooling over Cameron’s garage. I was, as many of us were, crushed when they totaled his dads 1958 Ferrari 250 Spyder in a desperate effort to roll back the miles by running the car in reverse.
Ok, let’s get back on track. This video came up in my recommended feed on YouTube and I finally took the 2 minutes to watch it, and man is it worth it!
Take a look at Cameron’s dads dream garage 2.0.
I’m playing the Poweball lottery A.S.A. Friggin P. as this dream garage and home are for sale.
Keep dreaming folks, they sometimes come true.
Photos and video courtesy of YouTube Sothebys and the interwebs


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Recommendation for NHSScotland
TAVI is non-inferior to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for primary outcomes of all cause and cardiac mortality or disabling stroke up to two years. TAVI may be considered as an alternative to SAVR, providing similar symptom and quality of life improvements in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) who are considered operable but at intermediate surgical risk.
The choice of procedure should be guided by detailed individualised assessment of risk factors including age, anatomical feasibility, frailty, previous cardiac surgery and life expectancy. Shared decision-making with patients around choice of procedure for severe AS should also take into account that, compared with SAVR, the long-term durability of TAVI has not been established.
Based on commonly accepted UK cost-effectiveness thresholds, TAVI at list prices is unlikely to be cost-effective in this patient group. Cost-effectiveness is primarily driven by the valve cost. In trials, relative clinical outcomes tended to be more favourable via the transfemoral (TF) access route and, as such, TF TAVI – combined with a reduction in the device cost – increases the likelihood of TAVI being cost effective compared with SAVR.
NHSScotland is required to consider the Scottish Health Technologies Group (SHTG) advice.
What were we asked to look at?
We were asked to provide advice on the clinical and cost effectiveness of TAVI for the treatment of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are at intermediate surgical risk, compared with SAVR.
Why is this important?
For patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is the reference treatment where surgical risk is low. For those assessed by a heart team as being at increased surgical risk transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative and less invasive procedure.
National Planning Team of the NHSScotland National Planning Board.

domain: medical


Microsoft recently announced an upcoming accessibility feature for Windows 10, called Eye Control. This feature supports users with severe motor issues to be able to independently operate an on-screen mouse and keyboard with only their eyes. Users can complete tasks that previously required a physical mouse and/or keyboard. Eye Control - which is currently available in beta testing with Windows Insiders - is embedded into the Windows 10 operating system and requires a compatible eye tracker device.
In 2014, Eye Control initially began in a Windows Hackathon session to assist users with ALS. Eye tracking devices are being used in classrooms to enable students to communicate, participate in class, and complete assignments.
The video below provides information about Eye Control and how this technology beneifts users with ALS.


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Tune in to our researchers and photographers all season long by perusing their field notes.
2017 / 07 / 26
A great show in Gaspesie… by René Roy
When you take a whale-watching trip, you need to be lucky to observe a breaching session. To watch two such shows from two different humpbacks in a single afternoon is nothing less than a privilege. O...
2017 / 07 / 19
In Pursuit of the Fin Whale
Last July 13, 2017, I spent my day on the water in search of large rorquals to photograph. The weather was conducive to observing marine mammals: calm water, no fog and a bright sun. And yet, there wa...
2017 / 07 / 19
My Most Faithful Humpback
According to data provided by the Mingan Island Cetacean Study, the humpback whale H626 (MICS catalogue number) – known as Boom Boom River (BBR) in the Mingan and Gaspé sectors and Gaspar in the Es...
2017 / 07 / 14
Who am I?
Teeming with marine life, the St. Lawrence Estuary is a wonderful place. As a research assistant at the Group for Research and Education on Marine Mammals, I have the opportunity to observe many atypi...
2017 / 07 / 12
With the belugas: Week of June 26, 2017
Belugas of Baie Sainte-Marguerite Baie Sainte-Marguerite is probably one of the most enigmatic places within the St. Lawrence beluga population’s summer range. This is the belugas’ “...
2017 / 07 / 06
Are there any beluga nurseries in the St. Lawrence?
Topic of my Master’s project: Investigation of Allomothering in St. Lawrence Belugas For a long time, studies of cetaceans were restricted by the limited views offered by research vessels and la...
2017 / 06 / 30
With the Belugas: Week of June 19, 2017
Rolling the Dice After a first week spent in the upstream sector on the north shore side, the week of June 19 unfolded mostly in the company of belugas frequenting the Saguenay River and its mouth. St...
2017 / 06 / 20
With the belugas: the research season 2017 is on!
No sooner do we exit Tadoussac Bay when we spot a herd of belugas between Ilet-aux-Morts and Pointe-Noire. It was almost as if they were waiting for us! Nevertheless, we decide to continue our course,...
2017 / 06 / 07
Minke Whale with Calf and Two Fin Whales… by Renaud Pintiaux
June 2, 2017. Foray off Tadoussac and an exceptional morning observation! According to my information, this is the first one in our sector since… 2003! Near buoy S05 (not far from the mouth of t...
2017 / 06 / 06
The Godbout’s humpback whale: Another milestone reached!
On May 3, the carcass of a young humpback whale was found beached in Godbout. Following sampling for research purposes, the whale carcass was recovered by the Marine Mammal Interpretation Centre in Ta...


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Bepi Tosolini - Expre Premium Coffee Liqueur
Bepi Tosolini’s new range of traditional Italian liquors is SPEZIERIA. Following the high quality of Bepi Tosolini distillates, SPEZIERIA is completely natural without artificial aromas, colourings nor additives to meet the international demanding and cutting-edge palates. EXPRÈ coffee liquor is obtained with the best Arabic quality raw material to recall the Italian “espresso” famous worldwide. The distillation and infusion of the coffee beans give Exprè a typical taste of our coffee break.

domain: food


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Chapter 2: reproduction in plants: the birds and the bees, fruits, and seeds.
caryopsises dehiscent DNA fingerprinting drupe endocarp exocarp [F.sub.1] hybrid gamete gene homozygote inbred indehiscent mesocarp nut open-pollinated seeds parthenocarpy perfect pericarp pollen sac quantitative trait self-incompatible self-sterile tube nucleus zygote
People are often surprised to learn that plants have sexual organs that correspond to those on animals. Even some of the terminology is the same. For example, the reproductive cells, or gametes, of plants are known as egg and sperm cells. They are female and male, as they are in animals. Although there are many differences in reproductive systems between plants and animals, one of the most obvious is that many plants are hermaphroditic, meaning they have both male and female structures within each flower. The botanical term for this is perfect. This chapter reveals these details and others concerning sexual reproduction of plants.
PLANT REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
A typical perfect flower is composed of four floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil(s). Of these, the stamen and pistil are involved in sexual reproduction. The pistil is composed of the stigma, style, and ovary. The ovary is the bulbous basal portion of the female floral organ, the pistil. One egg cell (or egg nucleus) and seven accompanying nuclei develop inside ovules, which are located inside the ovary (Fig. 2-1a). Sperm cells develop inside pollen sacs. These are inside the anthers on the male floral organ, the stamen (Fig. 2-1b).
DEVELOPMENT OF FLORAL ORGANS
Flowers develop in the shoot meristem when the plant has reached reproductive status. This can occur a few weeks after germination in some species or as long as 10 years or more for some woody plants. In a typical herbaceous plant, observable changes occur in the meristem as it develops from a vegetative structure producing leaves to a reproductive one producing flowers. (Fig. 2-2). The last stage of the floral development process is anther dehiscence, or splitting open, and pollen release. This initiates the pollination process.
[FIGURE 2-1 OMITTED]
POLLEN TRANSFER: POLLINATORS AND MODES OF POLLEN TRANSPORT
The birds and the bees are only two groups that contribute to the cycle of life with regard to plant reproduction by transferring pollen from flower to flower. The wind plays an important role for many species. Other pollinators include bats, butterflies, and moths and, in some cases, monkeys. Flowers have various means of attracting pollinators and still others for ensuring the transfer of pollen (Fig. 2-3).
[FIGURE 2-2 OMITTED]
Fragrance attracts butterflies, whereas bright colors attract hummingbirds and bees. Nectar is a reward for bees, hummingbirds, ants, and others. Some orchids mimic a female insect to such a degree that the male of the species will attempt to mate with the flower and get loaded with pollen instead. When he makes the same mistake on another flower, the pollen transfer is completed!
Pollen may be carried on special appendages on bees' legs or on the hairs of a butterfly. Some pollen is sticky and will not travel well in the wind, whereas other pollen is very light and can travel for many miles on the wind. Pollen is a form of storage for the genetic material of a plant. As such, it has developed to withstand adverse environmental conditions to survive until it lands on the appropriate flower and can germinate. Very old pollen can often be found at archeological sites and is a useful indicator of the types of plants humans used at the time.
POLLINATION AND DOUBLE FERTILIZATION
Plants reproduce sexually during the process of double fertilization. It is double because two sperm cells are involved in fertilization. If this is not confusing enough, three female cells are fertilized. Only one of the female cells is an egg cell. The others are called polar nuclei, which have become enclosed in a membrane together, forming the endosperm mother cell.
The process is as follows: A pollen grain lands on the stigmatic surface of the pistil. A pollen tube begins to grow from a pore in the pollen and a tube nucleus and two sperm nuclei travel along the tube as it grows until it reaches the micropyle, the opening into the ovule cavity. At this point the tube nucleus disintegrates and one sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg nucleus and the other sperm nucleus fertilizes the endosperm mother cell (Fig. 2-4). The fertilization of egg by sperm results in a diploid zygote, whereas the union of sperm and endosperm mother cell results in a triploid primary endosperm cell. Together these will develop into a seed.
[FIGURE 2-3 OMITTED]
DEVELOPMENT OF SEEDS FROM OVULES AND FRUITS FROM OVARIES
After double fertilization, the ovule contains both embryo and endosperm. In seed development, mitotic cell division contributes to rapid growth in the endosperm and embryo. A fully developed seed usually has three components: embryo, endosperm, and seed coat (Fig. 2-5).
The seed development process requires a great deal of food and energy. Endosperm is nutritive tissue to support either the developing embryo or the germination process (Fig. 2-6). Endosperm often has high levels of nutrients for animal and human consumption as well. For example, oilseed crops have high levels of oils stored in endosperm tissue. Other seeds, such as peanuts, corn, and walnuts have high levels of carbohydrates that are valued as food and feed sources.
Seeds develop from ripened ovules and fruit develops from a ripened ovary (Figs. 2-7 and 2-8). During seed development, the ovary wall matures into fruit. Although we are most familiar with fleshy fruits such as grapes and watermelon, some fruits are dry. Dry fruits include true nuts, such as acorns, or pods, such as those found on peanuts (See Figures 2-9a-p for examples and descriptions of each fruit type.).
[FIGURE 2-4 OMITTED]
[FIGURE 2-5 OMITTED]
[FIGURE 2-6 OMITTED]
[FIGURE 2-7 OMITTED]
[FIGURE 2-8 OMITTED]
[FIGURE 2-9 OMITTED]
Fruits may be simple or compound or fleshy or dry. Compound fruits are either multiple or aggregate. Simple fruits form from a single ovary. Multiple fruits derive from separate, but closely spaced, flowers on an inflorescence. A good example of this is pineapple. Aggregate fruits derive from a single flower that has numerous pistils. Raspberries and strawberries are examples. Dry fruits may be dehiscent (split open when ripe) or indehiscent (do not split open).
When the ovary wall develops into fruit, it may have distinct layers that together comprise the pericarp (peri- surrounds + carp carpel). The layers are exocarp (exo- outer), mesocarp (meso- middle), and endocarp (endo- inner). When the endocarp of a fleshy fruit is hard, or stony, the fruit is classified as a drupe. Seeds of dry fruits may be fused to the ovary wall, forming a single unit, as in true nuts and caryopsises.
Occasionally, fruit develops in the absence of pollination and fertilization. The process is called parthenocarpy. This is a rare occurrence and is only known in a handful of species. In other cases, pollination occurs, and fruit develops but seeds fail to develop. For example, bananas and seedless watermelons do not have seeds. In seedless grapes, seeds begin to develop, but their development is aborted early in the process, while the fruit continues to develop. In fruits containing multiple seeds (ovules), deformed fruit may develop if all the ovules are not fertilized or if development of some seeds is arrested. This may happen in strawberries, green peppers, and pineapples.
PROBLEMS WITH POLLINATION: SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY, POLLEN STERILITY
Some plants will not set seed when they are self-pollinated, and they are said to be self-sterile. The pollen is self-incompatible with the pistil. Apples and plums are self-incompatible plants, among others. Occasionally, pollen sterility occurs. This can be a useful trait for seed producers who want to prevent self-pollination and enforce cross-pollination.
Plant breeding has been practiced by humans for centuries. The person famous for his discovery of genetic inheritance was Gregor Mendel (see box). Perhaps the most prolific American plant breeder was Luther Burbank (see box). Thomas Jefferson supported the right of individuals to obtain patents for improved cultivars of plants. He said: "The greatest service which can be rendered any country is to add a useful plant to its culture." Nevertheless, patenting of plants was not allowed until 1930 when The Plant Patent Act was enacted, and, even then, patents were only applicable to asexually reproduced cultivars (except tubers). Sexually reproduced plants were not legally protected in the United States until 1970 in The Plant Variety Protection Act (PVP Act).
Inbred plants result from natural or forced self-pollination. Plants differ from animals in that they can sometimes tolerate inbreeding without deleterious effects. However, sometimes inbreeding results in nonviable seed, diminished growth and performance, or plant death because of so-called deleterious genes.
Many plants are available as F1 hybrids that offer improved flavor, color, height, disease tolerance, and pest resistance. The first filial generation (offspring) between two inbreds (homozygotes) is designated an F1 hybrid. Many horticultural plants, including geraniums, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, and snapdragons, have been improved in this way. Typically, F1 hybrids display a high level of genetic similarity.
When plants freely cross-pollinate with any number of other plants within their species and set seed, they produce open-pollinated seeds or O.P. seed. The resultant plants will often contain wide genetic diversity. Offspring may vary in traits such as height, flower color, tolerance to cold or heat, disease and pest resistance, and many other factors. Heirloom seeds are often open-pollinated lines or strains that gardeners collect and save each year. This is a common practice in many areas of the world, but in developed countries, people often purchase new seeds each year because they want the improved yield and quality that new, improved cultivars can produce. But open-pollinated seeds have the advantage of being free while still producing a crop with known characteristics.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS
The molecule that carries the genetic code-deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA--was identified by Watson, Crick, and Franklin in 1953. Since then, we have come to understand the genetic recombination process much more completely. One outcome is that we can reduce the amount of time required to make progress in plant improvement. For example, we now know how to locate a segment of DNA responsible for a particular trait (a gene), excise it from the DNA, grow more of it in vitro, and reintroduce it into another plant. When that gene is expressed in the plant into which it has been introduced, the result is a genetically modified plant that is often of increased commercial value. (Table 2-1 lists commercially important horticultural crops with altered genes.)
Another outcome of our understanding of the molecular basis of genetics is the use of DNA fingerprinting as a tool for selection, especially of quantitative traits, or those that are determined by more than one or two genes, and in seedlings or juvenile plants. Seedlings or juvenile plants that resulted from controlled crosses can now be evaluated at a very early stage on a molecular basis rather than waiting to see what traits the mature plant will exhibit. This early evaluation can save valuable time and the expense of growing plants in the field. Much research remains to be done in this important area.
Plants reproduce sexually through the floral organs stamens and pistils. Stamens produce pollen and are considered to be the male part of a flower. Pistils are female and contain eggs in their ovule, located at their base. The result of pollination and fertilization is a seed, or ripened ovule. Seeds are contained within the ripened ovary, or fruit. Insects and other animals, wind, and even water facilitate the transfer of pollen. Plants that will not self-pollinate may be self-incompatible or self-sterile. They may also have sterile pollen.
Plant breeding has been practiced for many years, with increased understanding of the genetic processes occurring over the last century. The results of these advances are improved hybrids and genetically modified plants.
* Using large flowers, such as lilies, dissect the flowers and observe the various floral organs. Mount them with tape to card stock and then label the important parts.
* Observe pollen under a microscope. Compare different types of pollen. Identify the surface features and pores. Is all the pollen from different plants of the same species alike?
* Germinate pollen grains on an agar medium in a Petri dish. Try several different kinds of plants and see if some germinate better than others. Are there differences in the amount of time required for germination? Does the pollen from some plants fail to germinate in the Petri dish?
1. What are reproductive cells also called? What are male and female cells also called?
2. How many main floral organs are there? Name them.
3. How many nuclei form in a pollen grain and what are they called?
4. How many nuclei form in an ovule and what are they called?
5. Discuss how pollen is dispersed and differences in pollen that result in different modes of dispersal.
6. What are the three basic components of a seed?
7. What floral organ or tissue develops into a seed? Fruit?
8. What type of seed exhibits wide genetic diversity? What type exhibits a high level of similarity?
9. List three modes used to prevent inbreeding in plants and discuss how they work.
10. Contrast and compare qualitative and quantitative traits in plants.
Allard, R. W. (1999). Principles of plant breeding. New York: Wiley.
Attenborough, D. (Writer) (1996). The birds and the bees [videocassette]. In BBC (Producer), The private life of plants (Vol. 3). London BBC.
Briggs, F. N., & Knowles, P. F. (1967). Introduction to plant breeding. Davis, CA: Reinhold.
Copeland, L. L., & Armitage, A. M. (2001). Legends in the garden. Atlanta, GA: Wings.
Henig, R. M. (2000). The monk in the garden. New York: Houghton-Mifflin.
Two Famous Men: Gregor Johann Mendel and Luther Burbank
Gregor Johann Mendel
Born Johann Mendel in 1822 in Heizendorf, Austria, to peasant farmers, Mendel attended elementary school and proceeded on to college where he studied mathematics and biology. He was ordained into the Augustinian order in 1847 and took the name Gregor. Although he failed the teacher certification examination, some attribute this failure, in part at least, to test anxiety. He taught natural science to high school students at the school run by the monastery. Mendel was clearly a lover of plants. In most of his official monastery photographs he is holding a flower-usually a fuchsia, his favorite. He was also interested in meteorology and theories of evolution. He was familiar with Darwin's work and may have sent Darwin a reprint of his paper (the English translation is titled "Experiments in Plant Hybridization"), but Darwin apparently never read it. (Darwin's own Origin of Species was published in 1859.) In the years from 1856 to 1863 Mendel made his now-famous controlled crosses on peas in the monastery courtyard garden. He was trying to discover whether traits were stable from one generation to the next. He made two important discoveries: the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. His strength in mathematics allowed him to see the pattern that emerged from his controlled crosses. He presented the results of his research on peas in 1865 at two meetings of the Brunn Society for the Study of Natural Sciences. His research findings were published by the Society in its official Proceedings in 1866. In 1868 he was appointed Abbot at The St. Thomas Augustinian Monastery in Brunn, Austria. In 1884, Mendel died.
In the Law of Segregation, Mendel proposed that, somehow, the traits to be passed from parents to offspring were reduced from two copies to one. In that way, offspring received one copy of each factor determining a trait. Cell division resulting in egg and sperm cells was not understood for another 25 years. In the Law of Independent Assortment, Mendel proposed that each factor for a trait was passed on independently from other factors. Chromosomes were proven to be the material for independent assortment in 1905, 40 years after Mendel presented his work and 21 years after he died.
Luther Burbank was a contemporary of Mendel's, but his life was very different. Yet, the two men shared one love: a love of plants. Burbank, born in 1849 in Massachusetts, began experimenting with plants at a young age. His first commercial development, a new russet-type potato that was a particularly good baking potato, is still popular today! (In fact, these potatoes are still called russet Burbanks in many stores.) He sold all the seed potatoes from it to a salesman for $150.00 and used this money to finance his trip to California. He settled in Santa Rosa, where he set up a farm for breeding plants. He worked on a large number of different species of plants, including peaches, berries, and lilies. Burbank was not a good record-keeper, and, perhaps for this reason, a complete list of his inventions does not exist. At least 800 improved cultivars are attributed to Burbank. He invented the 'Shasta' daisy, 'Santa Rosa' plum, and the 'Burbank' rose. Many of his inventions had staying power and became standards in the field. Some are still grown commercially today.
Burbank knew and met with other leaders of his day. He was friends with Henry Ford and Thomas Edison. He was outgoing and energetic, compared with Gregor Mendel, who was more reticent and self-effacing. Burbank was also familiar with Darwin's theories on evolution, and he agreed with them, even though they were still controversial at that time. (The Scopes trial was conducted in 1925.) Burbank died in 1926. In the eulogy given by Judge Lindsey, these words were used to describe Burbank: "We have advanced on the road of progress and now he is to be forever known as one of the world's greatest benefactors. In the creative improvement of plant life, he is our greatest genius." Because of the lack of intellectual rights protection for plant breeders at the time, Burbank held no patents and received no royalties for the contributions he made. His Santa Rosa home is now open to visitors.
Dr. Marietta Loehrlein currently teaches horticulture classes at Western Illinois University in Macomb, Illinois. She earned both her bachelor's degree in Agronomy and her master's degree in Plant Genetics at The University of Arizona. Her master's research project was concerned with germination problems associated with triploid seeds, from which seedless watermelons grow. Following that she worked for 5 years in a breeding and research program for Sunworld, International near Bakersfield, California. She worked with peaches, nectarines, plums, apricots, and cherries. Then she returned to school to earn her Ph.D. in Horticultural Genetics at The Pennsylvania State University. Her Ph.D. research focused on flowering processes in regal pelargonium (also called Martha Washington geraniums). While at The Pennsylvania State University, she bred a new cultivar of regal pelargonium, "Camelot." At Western Illinois University, Dr. Loehrlein teaches nine courses: Greenhouse and Nursery Management, Introductory Horticulture, Landscape Design, Landscape Management, Home Horticulture, Plant Propagation, Turf Management, and two courses in Plant Identification.
TABLE 2-1 List of Genetically Modified Horticultural Crops of Commercial Importance CROP MODIFIED TRAIT Carnation Color-alteration (blue) Corn Insect/herbicide resistance, male sterile Papaya Virus resistance Potato Insect resistance, virus resistance Radicchio Male sterile Rice Iron fortification, provitamin A enriched Squash Virus resistance Tomato Modified fruit ripening, -carotene, lycopene enriched, insect resistance
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|Author:||Loehrlein, Marietta M.|
|Publication:||Home Horticulture: Principles and Practices|
|Date:||Jan 1, 2008|
|Previous Article:||Chapter 1: horticulture and plant science.|
|Next Article:||Chapter 3: seed propagation.|

domain: agronomy


The latest upsurge in murders and vicious assault cases in Kisii and Nyamira counties has set alarm bells ringing as residents try to get to grips with the loss of loved ones.
Lucrative but controversial property sales, succession disputes, land fraud and marital conflicts have been cited as some of the reasons behind murders in the region.
The latest case was that of a teacher in Nyamira, whose murder police believe could be linked to the killing of a US-based nurse, whose body was dumped at Konate in Nyamira on the night of September 14, 2021.
The nurse’s body was dumped at the junction of the Kisii-Chemosit and Nyamira-Kebirigo highways, about six kilometres from Nyamira town.
It was later identified as that of Thomas Magwamu, a resident of Gucha sub-county in Kisii.
After dumping the nurse’s body, the suspect is said to have relocated to near Egesieri Primary School, where the head teacher, Ezekile Nkeere Gitangwa, 47, was killed two weeks ago.
Gitangwa was allegedly murdered by a female nurse, 33, and her boyfriend, 30, and his body hidden in one of the rooms late last month.
Investigations have revealed that the nurse and teacher were putting up properties worth millions of shillings in the area. Before his killing, the teacher is said to have accessed a bank loan to the tune of Sh2.5 million.
Nyamira Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) chief, Peter Kiboro, told journalists that detectives discovered suspicious transactions that saw money moved from Gitangwa’s bank account using his mobile phone.
Detectives further said they suspect whoever made the withdrawals took a cut before transferring the rest to the suspected killers.
Land, property disputes
The discovery is the latest involving crooks who target land and other property owners, especially members of the community living in the US, who want to buy land or put up buildings in the two counties.
Records at the Kisii law courts, for instance, indicate that there are more than 1,800 pending cases involving land and other properties. Some involve unresolved succession disputes that have taken years.
Land deals gone sour have been linked to the killing of two young men in a span of one year, one whose body was found in Egesa area near Kisii town and another who was assaulted and later died three months ago.
He was killed after reportedly receiving close to Sh4.5 million from a US-based businessman. The two are said to have sold three parcels of land to multiple buyers, some of them working and living in the US. Before their deaths, they had sold prime land along the newly opened Falcony-Nyanchwa link road in Kisii town.
Sources indicate that wealthy individuals and high-ranking government officials who lose land to fraud resort to targeting the scammers instead of seeking justice in the courts.
It is a trend that has seen young men living large from proceeds of fraud die in mysterious circumstances. Two years ago, a former Member of Parliament (MP) lost Sh7.6 million to a racket that had sold him a commercial plot.
The owner of the disputed land had died, leaving behind a widow and two sons. One of the sons chose to sell the portion before the family could proceed for succession.
The politician is said to have given up on the matter despite an undertaking by the DCI to help recover the money.
Two men who were involved in the fraudulent deal were later found dead along the Kisii-Migori Road.
An investigator in one of the murder cases said land buyers have been duped with fake title deeds in cases where succession has not been done.
“Those involved in writing succession letters on behalf of interested parties have been bribed and are out giving false information to the courts. We had a chief who was killed a year ago because of his involvement in fraudulent land deal,” he told this writer on condition of anonymity.
He said some of the fake land deals are committed by young men.
“These are multimillion land deals. A piece of land is sold out more than thrice. It is matter of concern and investigations indicate that they all end up in killings and related murder,” he added. According to the Kisii Land Registrar Steve Mokaya, such cases are rarely reported to the authorities.
“They only resurface once there is property damage, assault or injuries,” said Mokaya.
Murder most foul
The region is also experiencing increased cases of attempted murder and murders associated with family and marital conflicts.
The most shocking incident took place between December 13 and 14 last year at Ikuruma location, Marani sub-county in Kisii when three relatives are alleged to have conspired to gouge out the eyes of a three-year-old Baby named Brighton Junior Sagini, rendering him permanently disabled.
Three relatives, Pacifica Nyakerario, Alex Ochogo and Rael Nyakerario, were subsequently arrested and arraigned before Kisii Resident Magistrate Christine Ogweno to answer to charges of attempted murder.
They denied the charges and were ordered to remain in remand pending their trial.
Last week, a 32-year-old man was left in critical condition after his wife caused injuries to his private parts in a domestic squabble. The suspect was charged with causing grievous harm and was released on a Sh50,000 bond.
In October last year, an autopsy was conducted on the body of 21-year-old Getrude Nyaboke, who was found buried in a shallow grave next to her husband’s home in Borabu, Nyamira County.
A postmortem report revealed that the deceased was hit with a blunt object at the back of her head and that Nyaboke’s hands had been tied before she was strangled.
Nyaboke’s husband of one year, Brian Rioba, was arrested after preliminary investigations placed him as the main suspect. The two are reported to have been having marital issues.
Her body had been exhumed after the family obtained a court order. Early last year, Hellen Nyaboke had pleaded guilty to killing her husband following a disagreement over the sale of their land.
A mother of two in her 50s, Nyaboke was charged with killing her husband James Mecha at their family house in Isinta, Nyamira South by hitting him with a metal rod. She pleaded guilty when she appeared before Nyamira High Court judge Esther Maina.
After the incident, Nyaboke fled with her two children but she was arrested five months later in North Mugirango.
In October 2019, Jackie Kerubo from Nyamira was accused of setting ablaze her husband of 13 years after he married a second wife.
She then decided to burn her husband inside their house leaving him for dead. She had told the Court that she did not know of his death until when she was called to record a statement.
On January 9 this year, an Ogembo court ordered Nelson Momanyi Ontita, 35, detained for 14 days pending investigations into the killing of his two children.
Momanyi appeared at Ogembo Principal Magistrate Calestous Sindani on Monday for the killing of his two girls aged 10 months and two years old at Kiobegi village in Nyamache Sub-county in Kisii on Friday.
Sindani directed that the suspect be detained at Nyangusu Police station to allow officers record witness statements and also have the suspect undergo a mental assessment.
In December last year, police arrested a 70-year-old man for allegedly killing his wife following a domestic quarrel in Gesieka area in Mosocho.
The suspect had hacked his 68-year-old wife to death after a feud. Villagers said the couple had been embroiled in domestic squabbles for a long time.
The couple had separated, but the woman occasionally returned to her home.
There are also cases of children encountering difficulties getting inheritance once they come of age due to questions of paternity, even after innocently growing up in family settings with a father figure, and some even getting killed.
For instance, a 61-year-old man surrendered to police on Monday after confessing to the murder of his stepson on Sunday night in Igonga area of Bonchari, Kisii.
Gesonso OCPD Charles Machinji said Sebastian Matundura claimed he fought his son on Sunday night, and when the fight became physical, he struck the deceased on the head with a fork jembe before stabbing him several times.


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The Irish Immigration Pastoral Center, located in San Francisco, advices Irish immigrants about accommodation, employment and immigration in the Bay Area. It aims to act as a home away from home and
NEW Video of Brian & Brendan (Windows format)Click here to see it! 3319 Connecticut Ave NW Washington, D.C. 20008 202-686-9189 General Manager: Brian Gaffney E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.org Up
Welcome to the Irish American Community Center’s Home on the Internet. Click on Upcoming Events and Announcements for all the latest club information. For those who visit our site frequently, tha
Johnny Foley’s Irish House is a new Irish Pub and Restaurant conveniently located in the Union Square area of San Francisco
IrishAbroad connects the global Irish community and Ireland containing information genealogy, sports, news, events, bars, businesses, emigration, visas, heritage, songs, travel, pubs, employment, acco
The Home of Baltimore’s Irish Festival and Irish Community Portal
QUICK LINKS The musical line-up has been announced. Click for more. Need Accommodations Need Tickets Future Dates: July 19 – 22, 2001 July 20 – 23, 2002 For optimum viewing, re-size your display to
The Celtic Swell is West Seattle’s only authentic Irish pub and restaurant, featuring Guinness, Smithwicks, Harp and great food, beverage and entertainment every night of the week.


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Latest Practical Approach
Practical Approach A woman comes in with a 32-day-old script for amoxicillin and Yasmin tablets, is there a cause for concern?
Practical Approach A 33-year-old male customer is asking for Cymalon for interstitial cystitis, but the advice is not to sell to men unless advised to by a GP. What would you do in this situation?
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domain: library


Robotics is rapidly becoming one of the fastest growing fields in the world. This is because the technology is more advanced than ever, and the applications are endless. From drones to the internet of things, robotics is a field that is going to keep on growing.
Robotics is the field of machines that interact with the world around them. It is the study of the control systems involved in this interaction. In robotics, engineers study the mechanical and electrical systems involved in the machines they create. In this case, the engineers study the control systems of the robots that make up our world.
The big thing that we need to get rid of is the robot we love. If we want to get rid of that, we have to get rid of the robot that we’ve built, and that’s the big thing, and I think that’s the biggest priority for us. It’s important to us to have a robot that we love, and we need to be able to use that, to be able to use it in many different ways.
It’s sort of like we’re talking about artificial life. Its like we’re talking about a robot that has taken over our entire life, and we don’t know what’s going to happen. We have no control over it, and we have no idea what’s going to happen. It’s a very real thing.
We want to get rid of this robot that weve built. We do not want to see it return, but we do not want to have to deal with a robot that we have created. This robot will be able to do many different jobs and tasks, and we want to make sure that it is able to do those things well. This is a big problem that we have, and we are working to fix it.
Verdant Robotics: The robot will be able to do many different jobs and tasks, and we want to make sure that it is able to do those things well. This is a big problem that we have, and we are working to fix it.
Verdant Robotics is the new name for this long-running company. We first pitched the idea of an insect-like robot to Dyson in 2012, and the idea still holds true today. We have a number of potential partners now, including a company called Bionicle Robotics and the company Verbatim that was founded by Dr. Paul Stamets.
We do this all the time, but we need to be creative. Because we are all pretty much in the same boat, this is a very creative way to make some money.
The Verbatim team recently made an incredible video detailing all the possible uses of the company’s technology for the robotics industry. One of the areas I think is particularly interesting is the potential for the company to create robots that can learn and perform complex tasks in the wild. Verbatim has a number of patents that are filed on a variety of new techniques for building robots from the ground up.
For instance, the company recently patented a new robotic arm that can be installed in a robot and the arm can automatically sense the environment and the user’s hand to automatically perform the task at hand. It will also sense a user’s hand to help the robot perform a particular task.


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James Ellis Stevens
James Ellis Stevens was first dreamt up in 1990 when James had finished college, was looking for work and started selling his mother’s art to local shops in the Buckinghamshire area. These were a success and it made sense to turn them into prints. Soon shops were asking for the prints to be framed and a framing workshop was established in his parent’s garage.
Fast forward to the present day and James Ellis Stevens now works out of their Bristol studio in a lovely old converted paint factory. We focus on publishing cards, stationery and personalised stationery using designs from a selection of wonderfully talented artists.


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Ms. Singh is the founder Partner of the firm. He did LL.B from Mewar Law College, Gaziabad and got enrolled in Bar as an advocate. SHe has worked with many Seniors and also associated with the various Law Firms. There after he started his own law office and has been Practicing Law before Delhi High Court, CAT, State Commissions & National Commissions.
Her are of Practice includes Matrimonial Law, Law relaed to custody, maintenace and Domestic Voilence, Civil Law, Law related to partition, injunction and possession of Property, Will & Succession of Estates, Complaint under Negotiable Instruments Acts, Consumer Laws, Insurance and Banking Laws etc.Contact :

domain: law


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VLONE POP-UP AT THE BOX SHEUNG WAN
VLONE Pop-up Store arrived in THE BOX Sheung Wan today with limited VLONE clothing, as well as the much-wanted VLONE x Nike Air Force 1. The VLONE collection includes long-sleeve and short-sleeve tees and hoodies. Meanwhile, two style of VLONE x Nike tees and a canvas bag are also available at the store. The VLONE x Nike design features an orange Nike swoosh in front and a huge “V” branding on the back. The VLONE x Nike Air Force 1 has been highly sought after worldwide. The feeling of Harlem New York is fully embedded in the design. Covered in black tumbled leather, the shoe breaks ordinary with a neon orange swoosh and a corresponding “V” on the tongue and the heel panel. In addition, VLONE’s slogan “Every Living Creature Dies Alone” is also stitched to the heel.
The grand opening of VLONE Pop-up Store attracted a large group of fans, of which some people camped at the door for three days. At around 3pm in the afternoon, A$AP Bari from VLONE, as well as CLOT’s Kevin Poon arrived at the scene. Their appearance quickly raised the energy in the crowd. When A$AP Bari shared his live video chat of Edison Chen to the fans, people cheered with excitement. Fraser Cooke from Nike also came to support the event.

domain: design


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Soak up the relaxed atmosphere
Tastes of Rutherglen
THERE is a hint of excitement in the air around Rutherglen as the wineries and restaurants gear up for their annual Tastes of Rutherglen Festival.
With many great activities and experiences to be had in the region, Rutherglen Estates has a number of...
Read latest Alpine Observer Sample Edition online.


We are thrilled to announce that TOM Organic Maternity Pads now feature in our Mum Bundle! This change is better for you & the planet, & supports local Australian Business!
Why the change?
At Bundle we pride ourselves on bringing you the finest quality, safest and where possible most natural and organic products we can. The release of TOM’s new maternity range means we can now bring you that in a maternity pad.
Non-organic feminine hygiene products are commonly made from synthetics, plastics and conventional cotton. There are massive chemical processes involved in the production of both rayon and polypropylene while conventional cotton is the most heavily sprayed crop in the world, using more than 25% of the world’s total insecticides. There is peace of mind that comes with knowing that you’re putting only the purest quality organic product in contact with the most intimate and absorbent part of your body.
When TOM Organic approached us about switching to their premium quality maternity pads, the decision was a no-brainer! We of course gave them a test run, and they performed brilliantly! They are luxuriously soft, super absorbent, and use clever elasticised wingless technology for leakproof protection.
TOM products are made using the most sustainable, 100% certified organic, biodegradable materials available, which means that we’re helping the planet from the start. Their cotton is grown in fields that are pesticide free so there is no chemical run off polluting waterways and local communities. In fact, there is not a chemical in sight from the farm to your bathroom! Learn more about TOM Organic.


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Of course, every great hero needs a great sidekick. “Lightyear” gives us Sox (Peter Sohn), an adorable cat whose job is to offer emotional support to Buzz. Sox speaks in soothing tones, sort of a cross between “Big Hero 6”’s Baymax and HAL, and will purr if you scratch his stomach. He is exceptionally good at calculations and occasionally makes a noise that sounds like “Be-boop, be-boop, be-boop!” Like any cat, Sox is full of surprises both hilarious and ominous. If Pixar’s plan was to create a character whose toy would fly off the shelves, they were successful. He has one scene in the movie—you’ll know it when you see it—that elicited audible gasps of panic in the theater. I’m not a cat person, but I was stanning so hard for Sox that I wanted to—you’re mocking me, aren’t you?
No matter. As far as spin-offs go, “Lightyear” is a lot of fun. The voice talent is topnotch, especially Palmer and Evans. They have big shoes to fill; Palmer has to build on the emotional bond Aduba created, and Evans has to give us a Buzz Lightyear that’s close enough to Tim Allen’s characterization to make us believe the film’s toy tie-in. Sohn is perfectly feline and Bill Hader has a good time with his small role as a rookie with a difficult to pronounce last name. When Zurg finally appears, he’s voiced with a deranged glee by Mr. Barbara Streisand himself, James Brolin. Hell, if his kid can play Thanos, I guess he can play Zurg.
After the lackluster “Toy Story 4,” I’d had enough of this series, so much so that I expected to file a negative review. In the immortal words of Buzz Lightyear, “Not today!”
“Lightyear” will be available only in theaters on June 17.


The Jade Pro is a handload system, incorporating a universally adjustable tooling carrier capable of accommodating PCBs or pallets up to 457mm x 508mm.
As standard, the Jade Pro is configured with our Duplex twin solder bath arrangement. This twin independent Z axis solder bath arrangement offers increased production flexibility by permitting use of two different nozzle tip sizes within any single process programme, which can be allocated as process requirements dictate within any particular area on a PCB. Alternatively, different solder alloys can be utilised within this single machine setup.
The Jade Pro series is controlled by a PC, through PillarCOMM, a Windows® based ‘Point & Click’ interface with a PCB image display.
Additionally, our PillarPAD offline programming package allows the operator to produce programs independently from the machine using Gerber data.
For visual information about our Jade Pro, please visit our YouTube channel’s video here: Pillarhouse Jade Pro Series – YouTube
For more information about Pillarhouse International’s other handload selective soldering systems, please visit: Selective Soldering – Handload – Pillarhouse International


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"Hatching Twitter" reveals that the executive was briefly fired after a tense board meeting, just weeks before he became CEO, according to USA Today.
Dick Tracy, eat your heart out: This is the most full-featured smartwatch we've ever seen...and we're not even sure what to do with it.
Pricing not available
The Martian Passport Watch has style galore and a clever two-way wristwatch aesthetic, but it's ultimately more of a cool novelty than a must-have accessory.
As the company continues to grow, its CEO muses on the direction he wants to see Twitter take. And, no, it's not going public.
In a live interview, Twitter CEO Dick Costolo talked about why Twitter announced it would withhold tweets when they violate a country's local laws.
An NYU research associate has managed to get funding to rewrite the Herman Melville novel entirely in Japanese emoticons. It ought to make for an inspiring read.
Microsoft is increasingly coming to grips with open source, but not enough for digital identity expert Dick Hardt to stick around for more than a year.
Once lost on a plane, author Philip K. Dick's android head is back to test the limits of AI research. Looks nearly as good as a Nexus-6.
It's not a two-way radio, but at least this wrist walkie-talkie isn't a phone.
Twitter boss Dick Costolo has denied that the company is working on its own-branded phone, preferring to work with manufacturers to make Twitter part of all their devices.


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When you hear the word “dementia,” what comes to mind? For most people, probably an image of someone in their 70s or 80s who is suffering from debilitating memory problems. But there is another form of dementia that you’ve probably never heard of: frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), also called frontotemporal dementia or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
“It’s very different from the idea people have in their minds of what dementia is,” Edward D. Huey, M.D., associate professor of psychiatry and Neurology at the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain at Columbia University Medical Center and member of the Medical Advisory Council for The Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration (AFTD), tells SELF.
That’s why it’s especially important to be aware of what FTD is and how it can present. Just this week, the AFTD hosted its annual Hope Rising Benefit, raising over $2 million to support patients and caregivers in the community and fund research. Here’s what you should understand about this little-known health issue.
1. FTD refers to a group of brain disorders that cause dementia.
Dementia is a serious loss of cognitive abilities that interferes with a person’s capacity for functioning on a daily basis, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) explains.
Alzheimer’s is the leading cause of dementia, and it’s also the one most of us know about. But up to 10 percent of all cases of dementia may be caused by FTD, which is actually the umbrella term for a group of different brain diseases. FTD is thought to affect between four to 15 out of every 100,000 people in the United States, according to the AFTD.
FTD occurs when neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain die, causing these parts of the brain to atrophy or shrink. This prompts problems with the thought processes and behavior controlled by these lobes, according to the NINDS.
2. FTD is the most common form of dementia in younger people.
According to the NINDS, FTD is the number one cause of dementia in people under age 60. (It seems to affect men and women in equal numbers.) About 60 percent of people with FTD are between the ages 45 and 64, the NINDS says. “FTD basically peaks in middle age,” Dr. Huey says, “as opposed to Alzheimer’s, where your chances of getting it go up as you get older.” However, FTD onset can start as early as someone’s 30s or as late as their 90s, according to the NINDS—so it really spans the age spectrum in that sense.
3. The most common form of FTD causes changes in behavior and personality.
While Alzheimer’s primarily affects memory, that’s not the case with FTD. The most common kind of FTD is called behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), per the National Institute on Aging (NIA). “The most common thing I hear is, ‘This is just not my husband, this is just not their personality,’” Dr. Huey says. “People start doing things that are out of character.”


The sks sensors
are the smallest cuboidal ultrasonic sensors from microsonic and feature a housing design reduced by 33% compared to the zws sensors.
The miniature housing of the sks ultrasonic sensor fits in constricted installation locations e.g. for sampling conductor boards and wafer in the electronics industry, for presence checks on conveyor bands or fill-level measurement in small containers. When capacitive or optical sensors come up against their physical limits, installation compatibility of ultrasonic sensors with many optical sensors enable their deployment: simply secured with two M3 screw sockets.
For the sks sensor range
two output versions are available:
|1 switching output, optionally in pnp-, npn- or Push-Pull circuitry
|1 analogue output 4–20 mA or 0–10 V|
The temperature compensation
of the analogue sensors profits from a significant improvement. The sensors reach their operating point only 45 seconds after activation of the operating voltage. We now compensate for the influence of self-heating and installation conditions. This brings improved precision shortly after activation of the supply voltage and in running operation.


5278-5292 Broadway Avenue
Commute to Downtown Badger
Almost all errands require a car.
5278-5292 Broadway Avenue has a Walk Score of 16 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
Nearby schools include Badger Road Elementary School, Ben Eielson Junior/Senior High School and Crawford Elementary School.
Nearby restaurants include Burger King, Anthonys Pizza and SUBWAY® Restaurants (Military).
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 5278-5292 Broadway Avenue.


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New research indicates that the dexterity of the thumb, which is characteristic of modern humans, existed as early as about 2 million years ago. Perhaps even some of the earliest members of the genus Homo.
Thumbs, which allowed a firm grip and improved the ability to manipulate objects, gave ancient Homo or a closely related hominid line an evolutionary advantage over contemporaries. Scientists from the University of Tubingen. Eberhard Karl in Germany discovered that the now extinct Australopithecines made and used stone tools, but lacked the human ability to use the thumb, which limited his ability to make tools.
The researchers modeled how the key muscle affects thumb movement in 12 previously found hominid fossils, five 19th century humans, and five chimpanzees. A pair of thumb fossils about 2 million years old from South Africa show agility and strength on par with modern human thumbs.
Scientists disagree over whether the finds in South Africa belong to early Homo or Paranthropus robustus, a dead-end species in hominid evolution. But the dexterity of the thumb of these ancient fossils is comparable to that of representatives of the Homo species, which appeared about 335 thousand years ago. These include Neanderthals from Europe and the Middle East, as well as the South African hominid Homo naledi.
In comparison, Homo or P. robustus possessed thumbs that were more powerful than three australopithecine species several million years old, two of which had previously been assumed to have human-like hands.

domain: history


Detroit Red Wings owner Mike Ilitch is receiving criticism over the construction of a new stadium for his team, the Detroit Red Wings. Christopher Douglas, Associate Professor of economics at the University of Michigan-Flint, wrote scathing criticism of the deal. He claims that Olympia Development, owned by Ilitch negotiated a plan to build a $650 million stadium that would cost taxpayers $250 million. Douglas calls this “corporate welfare, ” and is one of the most expensive hockey stadiums ever, when Ilitch had “no real leverage” over the politicians who agreed.
He claims as part of the deal, Olympia got out of paying $50 million to $80 million in television revenue it owed the city, and will gain $11 million in ticket revenue it no longer needs to share with the city of Detroit. Douglas went on to say that sports team often extract agreements by threatening to move, but this was not a reality for the Red Wings, and therefore, he alleges, Olympia and Ilitch got more than it gave.


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EazyDiner Highlights of Best Restaurants in Epicuria Mall, Nehru Place
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We have exclusive reviews and Insider tips for best restaurants in Epicuria Mall, Nehru Place. The ratings are given by well known food critics like Phantom and Vir Sanghvi. This ensures informed decision making while eating out.
Each and every booking with EazyDiner comes with a special EazyDeal, ranging from 15% Discount or 10% Discount to EazySave Deals. Why eat without a treat?
At EazyDiner we offer a huge list of restaurants which you can book with us. The cost range is also wide. You can pick restaurants ranging from Rs 1500 to Rs 2000 and above.
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HH & HM Medium Duty Dump Bodies
Municipal users and contactors who demand top value from their investment have learned that DuraClass delivers with the HH and HM Dump Bodies. A compact workhorse, the HM and the heavy duty HM are engineered for hard impact and maximum life. Direct welding of the sidewalls to the body floor, supported by DuraClass' structural subframe, provides rigidity to withstand punishing assignments.DuraClass' patented sidewall design and smooth radius of the body side and bracing adds longevity and strength. You could settle for less when spec'ing a dump body, but you'd get less in the long run.
The HM and HH utilize a stacked understructure. The HM uses 4" structural channel crossmembers and the HH uses 4" I-beam crossmembers on 6" I-beam longmembers. Extra wide corner posts are full depth and fully enclosed and vertical side braces are extra wide to provide years of durable and trouble-free service.
All Medium Duty DuraClass Dump Bodies utilize high-tensile, minimum 45,000 psi steel, for superior strength and lighter body weight than comparable models. Additional ultra high-tensile, abrasion resistant and stainless steel options are available.


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Fantasy Football 2013: Bengals at Dolphins Week 9 Preview
Cincinnati Bengals (6-2) at Miami Dolphins (3-4)
Thursday, October 31, 2013: 8:25 PM (ET)
TV: NFL Network
Kicking off the Week 9 action in the NFL will be a good-looking “Thursday Night Football” matchup between the Cincinnati Bengals and the Miami Dolphins. Adding an interesting and spooky subtext, the game will take place on Halloween. The Bengals (6-2) are on a roll after squashing the floundering Jets in Week 8, while the Dolphins (3-4) are coming off a big letdown against their divisional rival Patriots.
This game will feature plenty of fantasy considerations, so let’s take a closer look at some of the noteworthy players. Hopefully, we’ll get a feel for what we can be expecting on our rosters for the upcoming week.
Andy Dalton, QB, Cincinnati Bengals: Dalton was at his best in Week 8. He posted an incredible five touchdowns against the Jets, and could have had more if he hadn’t been pulled in the fourth. Now that he’s got a solid No. 2 (Marvin Jones, who caught four of the five scores in Week 8), the big numbers should only continue. Now’s the time to play Dalton if you’ve got him. He has 11 touchdowns and 1,024 yards in his last three games.
Andrew Weber-USA TODAY Sports
Ryan Tannehill, QB, Miami Dolphins: Tannehill has found his way to a few fantasy lineups during these past few bye weeks, and he responded with an okay-but-not-great performance against the Pats. He went 22-of-42 for a pair of touchdowns, but tossed two interceptions and lost a fumble. To Tannehill’s credit, his O-line is a mess, and he doesn’t ever have much time to make a decision. Mainly due to that, we don’t like the matchup here, so try to look elsewhere if you need a fill-in.
BenJarvus Green-Ellis, RB, Cincinnati Bengals: With Dalton firing on all cylinders in Week 8, there wasn’t much for Green-Ellis to do. He managed just 33 yards on 11 carries, which was his second letdown week in a row after posting 24 yards in Detroit. Normally we wouldn’t recommend Green-Ellis in fantasy, but since the Patriots had some success on the ground against the Dolphins there might be some low-end flex or fill-in appeal here.
Lamar Miller, RB, Miami Dolphins: The Dolphins’ backfield has been one of the most vexing fantasy enigmas of the year so far. Miller is the more effective back right now, as he’s coming off an 18-carry, 89-yard rushing effort in Week 8. He also added 23 through the air for a solid fantasy day. With Miller as the hotter hand heading into Thursday’s game, he makes more fantasy sense and can be a flex option here. That said, don’t be surprised if we see a bigger workload for fellow RB Daniel Thomas.
A.J. Green, WR, Cincinnati Bengals: Due to the coming-out party for Jones, Green didn’t get any end-zone action. The good news is that he posted three catches for 115 yards, so it wasn’t a wasted outing. Better yet, it’s his third 100-plus-yard week, but it breaks his string of two straight scores in Weeks 6 and 7. Regardless, Green is a no-thought fantasy start each and every week, and he should be able to post some more nice returns on Thursday.
Mike Wallace, WR, Miami Dolphins: Wallace continued his up-and-down fantasy campaign with a bummer performance against the Pats in Week 8. He led the team in receiving, but posted just three grabs for 41 yards. That comes on the heels of two pretty good performances, and adding to the disappointment is the fact that Wallace hasn’t scored since Week 2. All of that said, he’s capable of a breakout at any time, so he should stay in your lineup.
For the latest article updates, follow Andrew on Twitter @SCPAndrew.

domain: hobby


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10 Good Questions to Ask to Get to Know Someone FAST!
So before you cozy into a new relationship, take a moment to think about addressing these Here are 11 things you should tell someone before you get into a relationship. If you have every intention of joining the Peace Corps in the next six months, this is definitely something you tell someone before you get into a relationship with them. As someone who has made this mistake, I have two words for you: Bad idea. Whether you value independence or togetherness is something to discuss, if they don't already know.
While it's fun to keep some aspects of your relationship a mystery, before you start dating anyone, these are the 10 things you need to know. Getting back into the dating game can be tough, especially if you just got out of an LTR. From the very beginning, you're stuck wondering if you.

domain: psychology


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Design Sponge is a really sharp blog; somehow they cover a myriad of design topics everyone can marvel at and use. Their attentive crew recently featured a city guide of Richmond and picked up a few of our favorite destinations. Well, our favorite part was the mention of Fraser Design and our work at the Charles Luck Stone Center, but they also highlighted some gems we have in this town.
Just a few (go to their blog for the exhaustive list)
Philip Johnson's WRVA building is a modern icon in historic Church Hill
SB Cox is the salvage yard of all salvage yards
The National- bringing entertainment back to the city
Metro modern, Ecologic and Chop Suey Books for some speciality shopping
Black Sheep, Millies, Comfort and Kuba Kuba, some of our favorite restaurants
Reading through, I realize we have great resources that serve diverse interests and endeavors. We feel fortunate to contribute to that inventory.


I like John C. Dvorak because a cranky ass and manages to stay independent with all the Mac and Linux sissies dancing around. He's now predicting a Bubble 2.0. We had the .com bubble in the 90's and now it's time for another one -- the bubble of web 2.0 -- Bubble 2.0.
Each of these bubbles had a distinctive theme. For the dot-com bubble, it was e-commerce—it really should have been called the e-commerce bubble. Everything was focused on how the Internet was going to destroy all existing brick-and-mortar operations. We were told that you'd be buying sandwiches over the Internet and having them delivered the next day by FedEx. Everything was about "eyeballs" and finding ways to attract customers, whether they bought anything or not. Every article in every newspaper in the country parroted the litany as to how you'd be out of business in a year or two if you were not present on the Web in a big way. Of course, this was all crap.
Although John has trouble pointing out why the Web 2.0 bubble will pop I can give him a hint: lack of business model. Yes, that's a boring answer and it was the same as in Bubble 1.0, but as we all know: in the end it is about the money.
Web 2.0 start-ups are now wildly invested in and spending loads of money, only to attract an audience and build expensive products. Youtube spends $1,000,000 per month on bandwidth alone. That's crazy. How much do they make? Not much. How did they maintain themselves? Investors. For them it paid off, they were bought by Google. It paid off. But the thing is, the story doesn't end at an acquisition. What is Google going to do? They have the monetization problem now. They are desperately trying to come up with some kind of advertising thing, but my prediction is that in the end it won't work.
A small part of the little start-ups will be bought by big monsters like Yahoo, Google and Microsoft, the others will die by themselves, because they were not built to make money -- they were built to be sold. The big monsters then end up with very expensive money losing machines that they somehow have to turn to make a profit. It's going to be a challenge.
Don't be surprised if you hear a loud popping sound within the next few years.


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Discovered by the great grandfather of the Royal Cook, this biryani is made with juicy chicken pieces cooked dum-pukth style in aromatic rice & bhuna spices. (Served with Raita & a gulab jamun)
Regular portion of Subz-E-Biryani served with a side of Falafel-E-Khaas and Ayran (Buttermilk).
Regular portion of Lazeez Bhuna Murgh Biryani served with a side of Murgh Keftas and Ayran (Buttermilk).
Regular portion of Dum Gosht Biryani served with a side of Murgh Kefta and Ayran (Buttermilk).
Soft chunks of soya are soaked, dried and slow-cooked in the special spice mix of Behrouz and laid out on a bed of aromatic rice.


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Nargiz Aliyarova and Friends at Saint Mark’s Church in New York
On 8th of April at 4 PM – 130 E. 10th Street, New York, NY
Amina Figarova(piano), Bart Platteau (flute), Blagomira Lipari (violin), Nigel Smith (baritone).
The program includes pieces by Beethoven, Schumann, Chopin, Rachmaninoff, Faure, Monti and Karayev.
Nargiz Aliyarova was born in Baku, in 1968. In 1986 she graduated from the Bulbul Music School with a gold medal and entered the Azerbaijan State Conservatory. In 1991 she graduated from the Conservatory with Distinction and her success as a student resulted in being awarded a Lenin Scholarship. Aliyarova started working for the Baku Music Academy in 1992, first as a teacher, then a senior teacher, an assistant professor and ultimately, in 2010, she was appointed a position as Professor at the Baku Music Academy.
Aliyarova is a Philosophy Doctor. She produced her thesis “Sonatas for Violin and Piano of Azerbaijani Composers” in 2001 and subsequently has published twelve articles, two workbooks and a tutorial.
Since 2002 Aliyarova has been a member of the Azerbaijan State Piano Trio. She performs in the Azerbaijan and beyond: she has travelled to Turkey, Germany, Italy, France, Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Georgia and Moldova, giving concerts as a soloist, as well as a member of various chamber ensembles, chamber orchestras and symphonic orchestras. To further develop her talent she attended Rachmaninov International piano courses and other international courses in Germany and UK.
In 2008 Aliyarova took the second place in the Pietro Argento 11th International Competition held in Italy. She was declared a laureate of the competition and awarded a medal. In the same year she was declared an Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan Republic. In 2011 Aliyarova was awarded a diploma “For outstanding contribution to the legacy of Chopin” by the Minister of Culture and National Heritage of Poland. In 2012 the Azerbaijan Commission of High Attestation awarded Nargiz Aliyarova the distinguished title of Professor.
In 2009 and 2010 she recorded two compact discs in Turkey. In February of 2015 Belgian Recording company Etcetera released her CD with Chopin’s music. In 2015 CD “Nargiz Aliyarova plays Chopin” had been nominated to the highest reward of Azerbaijan – Governmental Award. Recently Etcetera also released the other disk of the pianist – which contained sonatas by Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. The fifth compact disk of the performer – “Nargiz Aliyarova Plays Azerbaijani Music” has been released with the support of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic.
- Фонд возрождения Карабаха организовал поездку в Агдам делегации Азербайджано-американской торговой палаты
- Посольство США в Азербайджане поблагодарило служивших в Афганистане азербайджанских миротворцев
- ABŞ səfiri: Naxçıvan beynəlxalq turistləri qəbul etmək üçün ideal bir məkandır
- Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Governor of the U.S. State of Oklahoma
- Azerbaijan appoints new ambassador to US


I got this as a daily driver when i was going back and forth from South Texas. I have it all setup now with Belltech 5/5 drop kit with upgraded sway bars, Powerstop upgraded brake pads and cross drilled and slotted rotors and Xtreme wheels that have been powder coated gunmetal with Kumho tires. I want to eventually bag and body this once my dually is done.
- KW Automotive - Belltech 5/5 drop kit with upgraded front and rear sway bars
- MagnaFlow - high flow cat and muffler
- Power Stop - cross drilled and slotted rotors and upgraded brake pads


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Crime control, a form of social control, refers to the broad range of methods used in society that aim to reduce or prevent the occurrence of criminal behavior. Methods of controlling crime include those used by the state, such as policing strategies, courts, the use of punishment, bureaucracies that make up the criminal justice system, and the public policies that dictate them, as well as methods like private policing and private security. Nonstate entities, such as individuals and corporations, also practice various forms of crime control in the pursuit of safeguarding homes and businesses. A variety of technologies have increasingly become integral to attempts at controlling or preventing crime and monitoring offenders in the name of security for society. Crime control often appears in the fields of criminology and criminal justice in a few important theoretical ways: as a model of the administration of justice, the crime control model; to explain how private entities have played crucial roles alongside governmental crime control agencies while producing enormous profits, or crime control industry; and as a defining feature of late-modern (late 20th century and beyond) culture.
Western countries have experienced a trend of intensified security measures as harmful behaviors are being evermore criminalized and dealt with in terms of risk. This spiraling of security is seen through a variety of surveillance technologies that facilitate the pivot in crime control strategies and legislation. Examples of such technologies are data mining, offender registries, environmental design, closed-circuit television, data matching, and fingerprint systems, among others. There also now exists the ability to pool various technologies of surveillance into an assemblage of surveillance.
The crime control industry is a term used for the methods, reasonings, technologies, and processes of the social response of crime in industrial society. The idea of crime control as an industry has existed since the 1970s, but U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson’s 1967 President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, which advocated the use of science and technology as a mechanism for combating the existence of crime, has been a catalyst in the immense growth of the crime control industry. Used as a critique of dispensing justice, it highlights the massive swelling of criminal justice expenditures. For instance, in the United States, expenditures rose from about $36 billion in 1980 to well over $200 billion by the 2010s. This industry secures both profit and work alongside the social control of individuals who may potentially cause social disorder. This crime control industry is unique in that crime is seemingly always in supply and growth of the industry is foundational to it, as evident through the swelling in expenditure alongside public calls for additional crime control. An integral part to this idea is the effect from private entities on the operation of crime control and the criminal justice system. Corporate influences are evident in the merging of business and criminal justice (e.g., private police and prisons) and in using for-profit ideals to administer justice and manage bureaucracies in an impersonal way. These crime control entities operate within social contexts that have changed in important ways since the 1950s.
David Garland, a prominent sociologist of crime and punishment, describes crime control in relationship to its situation within the broader sociocultural and economic conditions of late modernity to which crime control adapts and influences. Late modernity is a term used to describe features of industrial society since the mid- to late 19th century (e.g., free market mentality, new penology, social exclusion, and decline of state sovereignty—including over crime control) that have gradually supplanted modernity (e.g., advanced technology, industrialization, and reliance on government for security). Crime control is thus changing in significant ways because though the state may provide punishment, it cannot guarantee security. Garland calls this new dynamic of political, social, cultural, and economic changes the crime control complex, which marks a momentous shift from the focus on rehabilitation and reform that preceded it. Entities external to the state, such as private security companies, have exploited the criminal justice market and have been increasingly utilized in spaces where the state is perceived to insufficiently maintain security.
See also Closed-Circuit Television ; Garland, David ; Governing Through Crime ; Incapacitation ; New Penology ; Social Control
Christie, Nils. Crime Control as Industry: Towards Gulags, Western Style. New York, NY: Routledge, 2017.
Currie, Elliot. Crime and Punishment in America. New York, NY: Macmillan, 2013.
Ericson, Richard. Crime in an Insecure World. Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 2007.
Garland, David. The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in a Contemporary Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
Packer, Herbert L. “Two models of the criminal process.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, v.113/1 (1964).

domain: sociology


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It's been clear from early on that the Venom movie would look very different compared to what fans of the comics are familiar with. Now we know why at least one major change was made. A trailer was shown to fans over this past weekend at San Diego Comic-Con which gave the audience a better look at the symbiote suit that Tom Hardy will wear in the film and it confirmed that the large white spider logo that is traditionally seen on the chest will not be there. As director Ruben Fleischer explains. the logo had to be removed, because the origin of this version of the character has nothing to do with Spider-Man, who is the reason the logo is there in the first place. According to Fleischer...
If you look at the comics, in Venom, there is just elements of white within his suit. Because our character does not originate from Spider-Man, it makes no sense to put a spider on his chest. We tried to be as accurate as we possibly could, even though some people feel it's inaccurate, but there is a lot of white and we wanted to give him a distinctive pattern. ... If you have an all-black character, especially in night scenes, he just kind of disappears. Since we couldn't use the Spider-Man symbol, we wanted to give him another graphic element, and those veins that kind of form a shape on his chest was an original idea that we just thought looked really cool.
Traditionally, in the comics, as well as on the big screen once previously in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man 3, Peter Parker is the first one to come across the alien symbiote and when it becomes part of him it becomes a black and white version of his classic Spider-Man outfit. Later, after Peter rids himself of the creature, it joins with another, but because of its previous experience, it gives its new host a bastardized version of the suit, including a large logo similar to that of Spider-Man.
However, since this Venom is being created through different means, utterly removed from Spider-Man as a character, director Ruben Fleischer explains to Comic Book Movie that it simply wouldn't make sense to give him the well-known logo. Therefore, rather than having it, the suit will look slightly different, forming a different sort of pattern. Since the suit will still be a combination of black and white, it will still be familiar to fans, even if it's not a comic perfect recreation.
Venom is certainly going to be something very different. How well it will work is anybody's guess but we'll find out later this year.