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Research Article | Open Access
Yifeng Wei, Xia Qing, Xie Chengrong, Yuhua Xu, "Fixed-Time Synchronization of the New Single-Parameter Chaotic System", Complexity, vol. 2020, Article ID 1067863, 8 pages, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1067863
Fixed-Time Synchronization of the New Single-Parameter Chaotic System
This paper advances a new single-parameter chaotic system with a simple structure, and some basic dynamic behavior of the new single-parameter system is discussed, such as equilibria, dissipativity, the existence of an attractor, Lyapunov exponent, Poincaré map, spectrum map, and bifurcation diagram. Moreover, a new fixed-time convergence theorem is proposed for general chaotic systems based on finite-time control theory, and a fixed-time controller is also put to achieve synchronization of the new chaotic system. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results. The conclusion of the paper is useful for the nonlinear economics and engineering application.
After the first chaotic attractor was discovered by Lorenz, people began to search for new chaotic attractors with great enthusiasm. In recent years, for autonomous three-dimensional ordinary differential equations, the search for new chaotic attractors has attracted more and more attention. For example, Lorenz system , Rossler system , Chen and Ueta system , Lü and Chen system , and Liu et al. system . In a three-dimensional autonomous system, all kinds of chaotic systems with distinct features were put forward, such as chaotic systems with only five terms , chaotic systems with linear terms , and chaotic systems with only one equilibrium point . In practical engineering applications, we hope that the structure of the chaotic system is as simple as possible based on the consideration implementation; for example, Lü et al. have proposed a unified chaotic system with a single parameter with a simple structure, and it has been well applied in practice [9, 10]. Therefore, how to construct a simple chaotic system is still a meaningful work in engineering.
Furthermore, research on synchronization and control of the chaos system is particularly topical for decades [11–13]. And, people came to know about the value of achieving control of chaos systems in finite time in some domains of engineering. [14–20]. It is necessary to give the initial conditions of the network in advance, owing to that the establishment time of the finite-time control depends on the initial state of the network to a great extent. However, the initial conditions may be random, so it is not easy to solve practical problems. In order to compensate for this, Polyakov produced the fixed-time stability of the system , which ensures that the system is without respect to the initial conditions in a bounded time. In the past few years, a lot of fixed-time stability theories have been raised to study fixed-time stability of the system [22–24]. Inspired by the existing research results, we study fixed-time synchronization of the chaos system. The aim of this paper is to present a new single-parameter chaotic system with a simple structure, and some basic dynamic behavior of the new system is discussed. The synchronization of the new chaotic system is realized by using the new fixed-time controller in this paper. Compared with the existing finite-time synchronization methods of chaotic systems, the fixed-time synchronization method proposed in this paper is more general.
This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 gives the new single-parameter chaos system. Section 3 discusses some basic characters of the new chaotic system. Section 4 puts forward the fixed-time control condition for a general chaos system. Section 5 gives an illustrative example. The conclusions are given in Section 6.
2. The New Single-Parameter Chaos System
3. Some Basic Dynamic Properties of New Chaotic Systems
In this section, some basic characteristics of the new chaotic system are analyzed.
When , the two equilibrium points of the system can be expressed as and .
Let , and it is easy to obtain the following form of system equilibrium and .
For , system (1) is linearized, and the Jacobian matrix is defined as .
Let to get the eigenvalues of matrix .
Therefore, when , the eigenvalues of matrix are
Similarly, when , the eigenvalues of matrix are
3.2. Dissipativity and the Existence of Attractor
For dynamical system (1), we can obtainwhere is a negative value. System (1) is one dissipative system, and an exponential contraction of system (1) is . This means that every volume containing the trajectory of the dynamic system will be reduced to zero as at the exponential rate , and the asymptotic motion is located on the attractor of system (1).
3.3. Lyapunov Exponent
It is generally true that a system is chaotic as long as at least one of its Lyapunov exponents is positive. When the initial value is (1, 1, 1), the Lyapunov exponent of system (1) is calculated to be , , and , and its dimension is
It implies that system (1) is a dissipative system. Moreover, its Lyapunov dimension is fractional. The fractal character of the attractor means that the system has aperiodic orbits, and the orbits near it are divergent.
3.4. Poincaré Map, Spectrum Map, and Bifurcation Diagram
In Figure 5, the continuous broadband feature is exhibited for the spectrum of system (1). For z = 0, x = 0, and y = 0, Figures 6(a)–6(c)visualize the Poincaré map in planes, respectively, and several sheets of the attractors are displayed. This can better sum up all the possible behaviors by the bifurcation graph when the parameters on a graph are changing. For , Figure 7 is a bifurcation diagram of system (1), which shows its complex bifurcation phenomena.
4. Fixed-Time Synchronization of the General Chaotic System
Considering the following chaotic system in a general form:where and is a continuous function.
So, the controlled chaos system is given bywhere and is the controller.
Then, the error system can be
Assumptions 1. We also assume that is Lipschitz with respect to its argument, i.e.,where .
Lemma 1 (see ). For , , and , then
Lemma 2 (see ). Assume that a continuous and a positive-definite function satisfieswhere and are all constants. Then, for any given , satisfieswith given by
In the following, the new fixed-time controller based on Lemma 2 is proposed.
Proof. LetThen,Obviously,So,Let , thenWhen , from Lemma 2, we haveBy (23)-(24),If , and it is known from Lemma 2 that the zero solution of system (9) is fixed-time stable.
From (21),So,When , , the settling time can be estimated asWhen , , soThe proof is completed.
Remark 1. In [12–14], different finite-time controllers are designed for different chaotic systems. The fixed-time controllers designed in this paper are more general and can be used in other different chaotic systems.
5. Simulation and Results
We assume that the new chaotic system is the drive system, that is,
And, the response system is
The initial conditions of the master and slave systems are (1, 2, 1) and (2, 1, 3), respectively. Through simulation calculation, , and let , , and . Synchronization of two chaotic systems cannot be achieved without a controller as shown in Figure 8. The synchronization evolution of two chaos systems is shown in Figure 9. Numerical simulations illustrate the validity of Theorem 1.
The paper has presented a new chaotic system with a single parameter and discussed some basic dynamic behavior of the new system. Base on finite-time control theory, the fixed-time synchronization criterion of the new chaotic system has also been obtained. Finally, the result of numerical simulation proves that they are feasible. In the future, we will discuss the fixed-time synchronization of general complex networks.
No data were used to support this study.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61673221); the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20181418); the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (19KJB120007); the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province (DZXX-019).
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Copyright © 2020 Yifeng Wei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Animal farm essay questions
The book Animal Farm by George Orwell is a novel comparing the beginning of the Soviet Union to an imaginary country called Animal Farm. In the novel, Orwell utilizes an animal fable to detail a story of a group of animals that unite together to rebel against their human masters creating a utopian state in the farm Propaganda in “Animal Farm” Animal Farm, by George Orwell, was first published in 1945. Animal Farm Analytical Essay Topic: It is fear along with manipulation, propaganda, the ignorance of the lower animals and the level of intelligence that the pigs have over the other animals that controls the lower animals in George Orwell's Animal Farm Animal Farm: Critical Essay In the era of the Russian Revolution George Orwell wrote the fable known as “Animal Farm” to highlight the events and outcome of the revolution. Death of a Salesman Hamlet Heart of Darkness The Tempest Things Fall Apart George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a classic cautionary tale that exposes Soviet Russia for animal farm essay questions being a totalitarian nightmare through the use of satire. Marked by the answer the russian revolution. C. Success Criteria. Essay prompts animal farm. R. 3) Wait for the search motor to file your request and analyze content Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Books — Animal Farm Essays on Animal Farm George Orwell’s famous novel, “Animal Farm” gives an erudite and succinct portrayal of the dangers of autocracy on society even (if not especially) when founded with only the most idealistic, populist intents Analysis “Animal Farm” Essay Topics. The question: Animal farm is a text which lacks literary value due to its irrelevant thematic messages, simplistic style and outdated contextual concerns – evaluate this statement For Questions Essay Animal Farm. Animal Farm by George Orwell is a compelling book that represents the Russian revolution. Jones only to have another even more oppressive master, Napoleon the pig. Answer: A good way to answer this question is to pick a specific example of totalitarianism in any country, historical or current, and explain how the ideas Orwell puts forth in Animal Farm apply to it. Throughout the book, the animals become […]. Animal farm essay. Read this free animal farm. The technique you choose will make your essay even more interesting to the reader For Questions Essay Animal Farm. Writing the introduction. Morales English 10H, per 3 April 2, 2015 Animal Farm Final Essay Animal Farm is an ironic political story about the influences of power and how it can be used for ultimate good or absolute evil. It brought all. Animal Farm Card Game. Posted on ghostwriter for hire by bibliography of sources. An Animal Farm propaganda essay topic is one that is argumentative, one that tries to influence the behavior of a group of people.

domain: literature


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We were hitched for 29 ages
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domain: psychology


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Amazon Best Books of the Month, November 2011: Once upon a time, there was a minor German princess named Sophia. In 1744, at the age of 14, she was taken by her ambitious mother--removed from her family, her religion, and her country--to a foreign land with a single goal: marry a prince and bear him an heir. Once in Russia, she changed her name, learned the language, and went on to become the world's richest and most powerful woman, ruler of its then-largest empire. She is remembered as Catherine the Great.
There may be no better author than Robert K. Massie to take on the daunting task of documenting this most rare of human lives. Massie, a former president of the Authors Guild, is a seasoned biographer of the 400-year Romanov dynasty, most notably with Peter the Great: His Life and World, which won a Pulitzer Prize in 1981 and remains one of the most arresting biographies I've even encountered.
In his page-turning chronicle of Catherine II, Massie (now 82) compiles the most complete and compelling narrative to date of this singular woman. Married to an incompetent man-child who was unwilling or unable to help her fulfill her primary role--giving birth to a son--she ultimately grew to become a trailblazer among monarchs: friend of philosophical giants, incomparable patron of the arts, prosecutor of multiple wars, pioneer of public health, maker of kings, and prodigious serial lover.
Indeed, her accomplishments and shortcomings as an autocrat and a woman make for a remarkable saga, but that's not to say that just any author could do justice to Catherine's lasting legacy. (Many have tried.) Massie situates Catherine's early life and three-decade reign as empress amidst the tumult of the European Enlightenment, enriching his own narrative with telling excerpts of her letters and rich discussions of her political environment and personal motivations.
Put simply, Massie is just the man to take this endlessly fascinating life and craft an utterly memorable book. Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman is a towering accomplishment, one of the year's best books in any genre. --Jason Kirk
The imperial coronation crown designed for Catherine. The crown was used in all six of the Romanov coronations that followed.
Catherine's coronation portrait. She is wearing her new imperial crown.
Paul, Catherine's son, in one of the Prussian uniforms he delighted in wearing.
Portrait of Peter III
Gregory Orlov, Catherine's third lover, who was with her for eleven years and helped to put her on the throne.
Gregory Potemkin, covered with medals, titles, land, palaces, and responsibilities by a passionately loving Catherine.
PRAISE FOR CATHERINE THE GREAT
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Robert Massie has done it again. This book is very interesting and tells it as it was in those days. A good read for those of us who enjoy history for sure. Read morePublished 19 hours ago by Diane Clement
I believe that Massie's work to be academically sound. I enjoyed it.Published 2 days ago by S. Good
A great read .... very descriptive and an incredible character study. I felt the author had an extensive knowledge of the history during that period.Published 11 days ago by margaret slaughter
This was an epic read and one of the best I've enjoyed in a while. I enjoyed the historical accuracy and approach combined with an almost fiction style telling of the story of... Read morePublished 12 days ago by Amazon Customer
a great historical account of Catherine's life without being too documentary. A good easy readPublished 14 days ago by rob arnett

domain: library


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All those years of silence. Of peace. And now she was being hounded by one of the very people she had so desperately needed to get away from. To the extent that Mia knew she would never be able to come to this park again without recalling Ethan’s presence here, too.
She drew in a deeply controlling breath, smoothing her expression into one of mild uninterest before slowly turning to face Ethan.
‘I could add harassment to that list of charges.’ She eyed him defiantly.
To Ethan she had looked so very different inside the coffee shop. Not only looked different but acted differently too—like a distant stranger. But he could see traces of the old Mia in her now—in the depths of her eyes, the soft curve of her mouth, and the vulnerable tilt of her chin.
‘I’m sure the police would have no interest in a stepbrother visiting his long-lost stepsister.’ Ethan knew before he had finished speaking that it had been the wrong thing to say. Her eyes chilled over with obvious distaste at that connection between the two of them.
‘You aren’t my stepbrother, Ethan, because I disowned what was left of my family before your mother married my father four and a half years ago! And I wasn’t lost—I just didn’t want to be found. I still don’t,’ she added flatly.
‘Obviously.’ She continued to eye him coldly.
Ethan knew that it was going to be up to him to stop baiting her in this way if this wasn’t to develop into nothing more than a slanging match. Mia’s resentment about the past was still such that it wasn’t just going to evaporate during the course of one conversation. One conversation badly handled on his part, he acknowledged heavily.
He had been thrown slightly off-balance earlier, when he’d walked into the coffee shop and recognised Mia sitting in a booth at the back of the room reading a magazine. A Mia so changed, but at the same time so confident in the world she had created for herself, that for one heart-stopping moment Ethan had almost hesitated about disturbing her obvious contentment. Almost …
He gave a grimace. ‘Could we start again, do you think …?’
‘Where would you like to start from?’ Her eyes glittered like emeralds in the pallor of her face. ‘Perhaps when I first became a sixth-form pupil at the boarding school of which your widowed mother was headmistress? Or after your mother’s affair with my father, perhaps? Or when you conveniently got a job working for Burton Industries—my father’s firm—once you’d left LSE with your first-class master’s degree and a PhD? With hindsight you have to have realised the significance of that …?’
‘The possibility I was only employed at Burton Industries because of my mother’s … connection to your father?’ Ethan drawled dryly. ‘It crossed my mind, of course—’
‘I’m sure it did!’
‘And was as quickly dismissed,’ he bit out harshly. ‘I’m going to say this only once more, Mia—my mother wasn’t involved with your father before you went to Southlands School. Nor did their later friendship have anything to do with my getting a job at Burton Industries.’
She smiled humourlessly. ‘And “once more” I’m going to choose not to believe you!’
‘Why am I not surprised?’
‘Perhaps because to you at least I was always so predictable!’
He gave an impatient sigh. ‘I was head-hunted by dozens of companies when I left university, Mia. Burton Industries were lucky to have me.’
They probably were, Mia conceded grudgingly; Ethan’s qualifications had never been in question. Or his ambition. It was only the lengths he was willing to go to in order to achieve those ambitions that had become so glaringly questionable. Lengths which involved the once innocent and naively trusting Mia.
She had wondered five years ago—at the same time as she’d thanked her good fortune!—how she had ever been lucky enough to attract the attention of someone like Ethan Black. The epitome of tall, dark and handsome, he could—and usually did—have any woman that he wanted. Mia may have been the only daughter of multi-millionaire William Burton and beautiful socialite Kay, but beneath the fashionable designer-label clothes her mother had insisted on buying for her Mia had also been terribly shy, and merely pretty rather than beautiful, like the women Ethan was usually attracted to.
Once she’d learned of Ethan’s mother’s affair with her father, the reason for Ethan’s attraction had become obvious: Grace had made a play for the father, Ethan the daughter. One of them was sure to succeed.
‘And let’s call our parents’ past relationship the nasty little affair that it really was, shall we?’ Mia’s top lip turned back with distaste.
‘I told you it wasn’t like that—’
‘I’m really not interested, Ethan.’
‘No—because you prefer to twist events to suit your own warped take on what really happened five years ago.’
‘Nothing of what I eventually learnt about that situation suited me, Ethan,’ Mia assured him furiously. ‘Certainly not the realization that the only reason my father had chosen that particular boarding school to send me to in the first place was so that he had an excuse to visit his mistress. That’s quite a play on words, don’t you think? My headmistress was also my father’s mistress—’
‘Stop it, Mia!’ Ethan reached out to grasp the tops of her arms and shake her. ‘Just stop it!’
‘Let go of me, Ethan,’ Mia gasped. ‘You’re hurting me!’
His fingers tightened rather than relaxed, her leather jacket proving no barrier to the pain of his fingers biting into her arms.
‘I’m hurting you?’ He thrust her firmly away from him, his gaze raking over her mercilessly. ‘Do you have any idea—any idea at all—of the heartache you caused your father—have continued to cause him—by just disappearing in that way five years ago?’
‘But I’m sure my leaving didn’t affect you in the same way—did it, Ethan?’ she murmured scornfully.
‘Would you believe me if I were to say yes?’
His mouth tightened.
‘God, I was such an innocent. Such a fool!’ She gave a pained groan.
‘Because you were attracted to me?’
‘Because I was stupid enough to think that you were attracted to me!’
He frowned darkly. ‘I was attracted to you—’
‘Oh, please, Ethan.’ Mia gave a fierce shake of her head. ‘What you were attracted to was my father’s bank account and Burton Industries. You and your mother, both!’
‘I should be careful what you say next, Mia …’ Ethan’s tone was icy with warning.
A warning Mia had absolutely no interest in. ‘At least I had the good sense to get out. Whereas my father—’
‘I said stop, Mia.’
‘It’s really not important now anyway.’ She gave an uninterested
shrug. ‘Five years later you both appear to be exactly where you always wanted to be—your mother is married to my father and you’re running Burton Industries!’
Ethan’s face looked as if it had been carved out of stone. ‘You really do believe that’s all I wanted all along?’
‘Oh, yes,’ Mia assured him with feeling. ‘You’ve always done exactly what was in the best interests of Ethan Black! And—to set the record straight—I didn’t disappear five years ago. I left.’
‘You disappeared, damn it!’ Ethan grimaced. ‘Just dropped out part-way through your second year of university, dropped me, and left!’
‘I was twenty years old. And, unless I’m mistaken, in this country that’s classed as being an adult,


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Obi-Wan Finale - The Loop
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domain: artistic


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Here's this week's edition of the Friday Fluff Up! My friend Misty found this idea over on Pinterest, and it was so simple to do (provided you have a Cricut. . . I'm telling you what, that was my all-time favorite gift!)
(This was Misty's version . . . after we realized that the orange letters didn't stand out well on all the papers, she changed some of the colors on her and I love them! She's a wee bit more crafty. . . and patient. . . than I am.) 😉
We started with wood pieces sold in a pack at Michael's on clearance for $3 (which included enough for both of us to complete the project!) I think the hardest part was detemining how to order the blocks so that they looked balanced once we were done.
Then we cut scrapbook paper in different colors to fit the blocks. . .
We used the Cricut (Storybook Cartridge) to create the letters, and then used Modge Podge to attach the letters. Once they were done, we Modge-Podged the front of the letters to make them sturdier. So easy!
Here are the blocks in the kitchen behind this week's One Dish Italian Chicken Bake . . . I can't decide where to keep them, but the lighting is definitely better in the kitchen!
What about you? Have you made any fun crafts this week? Here are a few of my favorite ideas found this week on Pinterest (you can follow me under ppennypincher if you’d like to get started . . . I love that place!)
- Check out this incredibly sweet birthday party (I loved the canvas painting!)
- Fluff up for Fall with these ideas on how to decorate from BH&G
- Learn how to make homemade bows (no sewing required)
- Make an absolutely beautiful button ornament this Christmas
- See this clever idea for school supply storage (scroll to the second page with the tin cans)
- Dress up your home with Spider Webs this weekend made from trash bags
- Download free sewing patterns for you and your kiddos
- Make Mini-Homemade Monkey Breads (you should also try out my Monkey Bread . . . yummmm!)
If you have a blog and have done a little fluffing in your home, I’d love to see it, so leave your link in the comments section. Also, if there’s a craft you’ve seen on a website that you’re hoping to make, feel free to share that link as well (I’m always looking for new ideas!)
Check out previous Friday Fluff Up projects . . . and Happy Fluffing
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domain: design


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Los Angeles – The NFL will seek advice from independent experts as part of a wide-ranging review aimed at boosting the number of minority head coaches, commissioner Roger Goodell said Wednesday.
Goodell said nothing would be “off the table” as the league looks to improve its record of hiring minorities following allegations of institutional racism.
“I think we’ve made a tremendous amount of progress in a lot of areas, but with the head coaches we’ve got a lot of work to do and we’ve got to figure that out,” Goodell told reporters at his annual state-of-the-league news conference ahead of this weekend’s Super Bowl.
“To me, this is an opportunity for us to step back, look at what we’re doing, and see how what we’re doing can lead to better results.”
The NFL was rocked last week after former Miami Dolphins head coach Brian Flores filed a lawsuit accusing the league and team owners of racist hiring practices.
The explosive allegations refocused attention on the NFL’s dearth of minority head coaches in a league where around 70% of players are Black.
Since Flores’ lawsuit, both the Dolphins and the Houston Texans have hired minority head coaches, taking the 32-team league total to five.
Goodell, however, acknowledged on Wednesday that even allowing for those appointments the NFL had fallen short “by a long shot.”
“I think we’ve made a lot of progress in a lot of areas,” Goodell said. “But not at the head coach. And that is something we really have focused on — trying to get the results that we expect. We have fallen short of that by a long shot.”
Goodell said the NFL’s “Rooney Rule”, which requires teams to interview at least one minority candidate for head coaching jobs, had been successful in getting Black coaches “into the interview room.”
“But what we want to see is the outcomes,” Goodell said.
“So what we are going to do is step back and look at everything we are doing today and re-evaluate that.”
That could even include revising the Rooney rule or eliminating it altogether.
“We’re going to have independent people come in and look and help us evaluate it,” Goodell said.
“Because it’s sometimes hard to evaluate your own policies and procedures. We want to make sure we’re doing everything we possibly can to create that opportunity for everybody to make sure we are an inclusive league and we get the outcomes we want.”
Goodell said the league would be ready to overhaul league policies if necessary.
“If it requires an overhaul you do it,” he said. “If it requires changes in other areas you do it. Obviously we haven’t been successful to date so you have to look at every one of the alternatives. We’re going to have people look at it independently with us and bring those ideas to us.
“We believe in diversity, we believe in it as a value, we believe it makes us stronger — we just have to do a better job. Is there another thing we can do to making sure we’re attracting the best talent and making our league inclusive? If I had the answer I would give it to you.
“We have to continue to look at it and say ‘We’re not doing a good enough job here’. We need to find better solutions and better outcomes. So let’s find more effective policies.”
In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever.
By subscribing, you can help us get the story right.

domain: news


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Is your pregnancy coming to an end? You might be wondering when and how labor will start.
It’s completely normal for a first-time mom to have countless questions about labor and delivery. We know because we’ve been there! As your due date gets closer, you start looking for any hint of the big moment approaching.
But what exactly are the early signs and symptoms of labor? Knowing what to look for could help you prepare for the upcoming arrival of your precious bundle.
In this article, our medical experts will help you recognize the true signs of early labor so you can know for certain when the big moment has finally arrived.
- Early labor signs include a lower-sitting belly, nesting or resting, weight gain stopping, and increased discomfort.
- Cervical changes, such as dilation and effacement, are essential indicators of labor progress.
- Differentiating between Braxton Hicks contractions and real contractions helps determine if labor has started.
- Losing the mucus plug, experiencing diarrhea, and water breaking are additional signs that labor is approaching.
Early Signs of Labor
The nine months of pregnancy can sometimes feel like so much more. The first trimester can often be filled with morning sickness. The second may feel like a breeze — but then the third hits, and some of us go back to square one.
But some of those discomforts, particularly in the last month, could signify something bigger is happening. Your baby and body may be preparing for the special day.
Here are nine early signs you may be feeling already:
1. Lower-sitting Belly
All women carry their babies differently. Some have a high, protruding belly, while others are not so obvious. If you’re like me — you reach full growth capacity around six months, then spend the last three hearing “any day now, huh?”
However, as your due date closes in, your baby will, or should, turn head-down. This usually happens before 32 weeks. Your baby will then begin making a slow descent into the pelvis.
This “dropping” is sometimes referred to as “lightening,” and it may bring relief for some women. The baby might have been putting pressure on your lungs and stomach for several months, causing mild shortness of breath and heartburn. As your little one lowers, some of that pressure may ease.
The “waddle” is a signature pregnancy walk that most women master toward their due date. When your baby drops lower into the pelvis, it might be impossible to avoid the duck walk. Comfortable shoes are a definite advantage at this time, so ditch the heels for a while.
2. Nesting or Resting
As we close in on the finish line, the pregnancy can take two turns: fatigue or extra energy. You may experience waves of both.
“Nesting” is a real thing; it can make pregnant women go full power with cleaning, organizing, and overall preparation for the baby. Where did the energy come from? It could be from the extra adrenaline your body produces during the last weeks.
However, resist the urge to give in to every single craving to nest. Now is the prime time to rest up for labor (2).
You might be feeling the complete opposite and be totally exhausted. Feeling drained and bouts of crying are just two ways fatigue shows up.
Listen to your body and give yourself permission to slow down. Take naps, delight in warm baths, or find other avenues for pampering yourself.
Do what you need to do to feel good. Try asking a family member for help or let Daddy take care of the nesting to-do list.
3. Weight Gain Has Stopped
When pregnant, we typically gain weight. It’s natural and is something we can’t avoid. Some women gain a lot, while others gain just a little.
But as you venture toward the end of the final trimester, you may notice a difference. You might stop gaining weight as you reach “full capacity.”
Some women will even lose a few pounds. You may feel concerned to see the numbers drop, but don’t worry. Just because you’re losing weight doesn’t mean the baby is too.
Your peanut will still be gaining as they should. If you’re losing more than a few pounds or are feeling concerned, talk to your health care provider.
These are a few things that can contribute to weight loss during those last weeks:
- The amniotic fluid is slowly decreasing: A slight decrease in amniotic fluid is common toward the end of pregnancy.
- More frequent toilet visits: As your baby constantly presses on your bladder, you’ll urinate more often, which may cause weight loss.
- You are in full-on nesting mode: You may burn a few extra calories while preparing for your baby’s arrival (3).
4. Increased Discomfort
Between running — or waddling — to the bathroom, nesting, and napping, you might also be experiencing general discomfort.
Your belly can feel like it’s going to burst at any given moment, and now, your back is feeling the pain. You may also be having more “Braxton Hicks.” These are irregular cramps or contractions of the uterus.
As the due date comes into sight, the discomfort can become unbearable and interfere with your much-needed sleep. Here are a few tricks we’ve found helpful:
- Sleep on your left side: This will increase blood flow to your uterus and help nutrients easily reach your baby.
- Keep knees bent: Position a pillow between your knees to support your hips and spine.
- Support belly/back: Place a maternity pillow under your belly to relieve pressure (4).
Don’t get me started on heartburn, that burning sensation you get after eating — especially during pregnancy. Why does that always have to get worse when you want to sleep?
We were able to relieve the fire with these helpful tips:
- Drink cold milk: Especially before bed.
- Elevate: Raising your upper body with pillows can help during the night.
5. Changes in the Cervix
During the last month of pregnancy, the cervix will transform. After all, your uterus is preparing to squeeze a full-grown baby out through a little opening. Two primary changes will happen to it: dilation and effacement.
Dilation means “opening.” While it can be a slow process, it can also quickly change as your baby drops lower. Some women’s cervixes will slowly dilate over the last few weeks of pregnancy. Other moms may not dilate until they’re in active labor, so don’t worry if it hasn’t happened yet (5).
Doctors and midwives measure dilation in centimeters. Once the cervix is dilating regularly and steadily, you can usually assume you’re in active labor.
For most full-term babies, the cervix is fully dilated when it reaches 10 centimeters (just under 4 inches). To give you an idea, that’s about the size of a bagel (6).
Effacement means “thinning.” As the cervix dilates, it will also become soft and thin to make room for the baby. This thinning is measured in percentages (7). The cervix starts out thick, like a steak, and thins out until it is as thin as a sheet of paper.
Your OB may conduct regular cervical examinations during the last weeks. It’s okay to decline the check and wait until you’re closer to labor. Unless you’re regularly contracting or unsure if the baby is head down, cervical examinations do not tell you when you will go into labor.
These checks can be very uncomfortable, but the best thing to do is relax as much as possible. Remember that it won’t last long, and it’s yet another sign your baby is finally on the way.
6. Are Those Real Contractions or Braxton Hicks?
Some women will have “false” labor pains, known as Braxton Hicks, during pregnancy.
These labor pains do not feel false! Even if you haven’t experienced Braxton Hicks before the third trimester, you may begin to feel a few in the final weeks before birth.
Braxton Hicks contractions are irregular and don’t mean labor is starting. These pains range from mild to agonizing.
It can be challenging to differentiate between Braxton Hicks and real contractions. However, the two differ in several ways. With Braxton Hicks, you’ll experience the following:
- Tightening of the abdomen and uterus: Many women say these contractions feel like intense menstrual cramps.
- Irregular contractions: Time your contractions if they seem steady. If they are irregular, chances are they’re Braxton Hicks. But if your contractions are regular, you may be in the first stages of labor.
- Starts and stops: Try changing your position or activity to calm things down.
- Steady pains: Real contractions will increase in intensity over time, but Braxton Hicks will stay the same, with only minor changes (8).
Sorry to break it to you, but as labor gets closer, you may experience the oh-so-delightful “runs.”
The muscles in your uterus are relaxing as they prepare for labor. Other muscles, such as your rectum, will do the same. Some women find themselves taking a few more trips to the bathroom to empty their bowels.
If it becomes frequent, you may need to tell your OB provider. Otherwise, just ensure you drink enough water and eat well to replace lost fluids.
Here are a few things you can try to avoid diarrhea:
- Reconsider what you’re eating: Foods high in fat and fried or spicy food can irritate your delicate gut, so try to strike a balance in your diet.
- Check your medications: Some medications can increase the chances of diarrhea. Prenatal vitamins are one of them. If you take your prenatal vitamin with a meal, it may alleviate some of your stomach troubles.
Though diarrhea is typically harmless, there are a few things to look out for:
- Decreased urine production.
- Dry or sticky mouth.
- Dark urine.
- Dizziness and feeling lightheaded.
- A headache.
- Increased thirst.
8. Say Farewell to Your Mucus Plug
The notorious mucus plug. Haven’t we all heard of the little snot cork that falls out as labor starts? The truth is, the mucus plug is what protects the baby from the outside world.
How and when the plug comes out is different for all women. Some may see the whole thing, while others only notice bits and pieces.
The mucus plug typically looks similar to egg whites or human snot.
As it falls out, it means your cervix is ripening — dilating and effacing. Some women will lose it early in the third trimester, and others will lose it in the second. However, if you lose your mucous plug early, it will probably grow back.
The mucus plug usually falls out before the water breaks. However, sometimes the two occur within a very short time frame.
If labor is only a few days away, you may also notice a few changes in vaginal discharge. It may appear thicker, and you may see a more significant amount than you’re used to.
If you notice pink or brown streaks of blood in your discharge, it may be what we lovingly refer to as “the bloody show.” This is an indication that labor is right around the corner, so you may want to pack your hospital bag (10).
9. Did I Wet My Pants?
Haven’t we all seen this movie scene? The water breaks (usually in a very public place), and the woman is instantly thrown into active labor. The truth is, that’s far from reality for many.
Water breaking is one of the final signs of the pregnancy coming to an end. For some women, it can occur days before the birth, while others have their water broken for them in active labor. Don’t feel bad if it hasn’t happened yet.
What does the water breaking actually feel like? Here are a few ways women have described it:
- A gush or splash: Described as coming from deep within.
- Trickle: Some feel a little liquid trickle down their legs.
- A pop, followed by relief: Like popping a balloon (11).
Early Labor FAQs
I recommend that moms distract themselves from beginning labor pains. Before labor starts, choose an early labor project. Many moms choose to watch a movie, finish a craft project, or bake cookies. Time your contractions occasionally so you have an idea of how close they are becoming. If you fixate only on the contractions, it can make labor seem longer!
Editor's Note:Caitlin Goodwin, MSN, RN, CNM
The Last Push
The last month of pregnancy can feel like an eternity. You know the feeling. You’re anxious to see your baby, but you may be nervous about the birth. With every little cramp, you wonder if this could be the big moment.
Stay calm and be patient. (We’ve been there, so we know this is easier said than done!) Remember that your body — and baby — need to be fully prepared for this momentous event.

domain: medical


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- Cooling/Heating System Upgrade
Burns & McDonnell completed the upgrade and expansion of the heating and cooling utility plants. Work included removal of existing chillers, cooling towers and HTHW generators and the installation of three new HTHW generators, eight new 2,000-ton chillers, new cooling towers, new control system and fuel storage facility. Work also included a new 13.2-kV power distribution system from Virginia Power.
The Utility Building West design upgrade included new control rooms, electrical service bays, laboratory rooms and office. The Utility Building East included a 9,000-square-foot building expansion for the chillers and basement for new pumping systems. New distribution pumping systems include variable frequency drives.
The design work included extensive phasing analysis and drawings to coordinate the construction work and maintain service to the airport terminal facilities throughout the construction phase.


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Gap Softer and smoother than ever, we've updated our classic V neck tee with sophisticated style. Supersoft knit with exquisitely smooth finish. Short sleeves. V neckline. Snug, form fitting silhouette ideal for layering. Hits just below the hips.
Gap Tall Fit Guide Long sleeves with three button cuffs. Collar with buttoned ends. Front button placket. Patch pocket on chest. Rear shoulder yoke. Tailored fit. Shirttail hem hits just below the hips.


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Reconciliation of the universe Era
Welcome to our hub (69) Reconciliation of the universe era
May God guide and help me to say the right religious things in this article?
Let us describe here what we believe the spiritual world is like. The angels of Heavens are beautiful creatures, and they are very helpful beings, as they are the spiritual children of God. But in this article they may play a part that is also frightening, as it is written in the book of Revelation.
In the Bible at the very end there is this book called Revelations, where it is described how the world will end one day, there are very disturbing descriptions in the apocalypse; there is also this beast with seven heads.


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Nowadays, there are so many products of dr foster and smith pet food in the market and you are wondering to choose a best one.You have searched for dr foster and smith pet food in many merchants, compared about products prices & reviews before deciding to buy them.
You are in RIGHT PLACE.
Here are some of best sellings dr foster and smith pet food which we would like to recommend with high customer review ratings to guide you on quality & popularity of each items.
549 reviews analysed
1. Nutri-Vet Grass Guard Max Chewables for Dogs, 365 Count
Value for money is the ultimate aim of every person out there. You want the best you can (Or better) for the bucks you pay. In terms of Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food, Nutri-Vet Grass Guard Max Chewables for Dogs, 365 Count would be your best bet for getting a value for money. Launched Quite time Ago Nutri-Vet Grass Guard Max Chewables for Dogs, 365 Count was the best-sold product and even today, the sales number speak.
Having such amazing features, all this is bundled up at a cost, which may seem high for few, but is actually very good if you compare its features. Our bet is Nutri-Vet Grass Guard Max Chewables for Dogs, 365 Count would be the Best Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food for Money.
2. Nutramax Dasuquin Chews Large Count
- Provides complete joint health brand for dogs
- Please read all label information on delivery. If the chew has settled in the bag, please break the chews apart before feeding the pet.During the initial 4 6 week period, give 2 chews daily. After the initial period, give 1 chew daily
- Ideal for dogs over 60 pounds. Helps inhibit cartilage breakdown
- With MSM, a naturally occurring, organic, sulfur containing compound
- Formulated from more than 10 years of clinical use and research
Dasuquin soft chews with msm are the exclusive veterinary formulation that contains the potent combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate and avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (asu) and methylsulfonylmethane (msm). dasuquin with msm is formulated to deliver maximal cartilage support.
- This product works great toward their health and quality of life.
- But my 10 year old old english sheepdog was having difficulty with the stairs and couldn’t lay on bathroom floor.
- My heart could explode i’m so happy with the results and so is mr.
- After being on these, ellie still hangs with the pups.
- So i stick them in a ziplock bag and that seems to help.
- Started using dasuquin with msm and noticed in a week the difference.
- My vet recommended this brand over cosequin and said they have it at their office but suggested amazon for a better price.
- As a rescue in rural mi over 20yrs icdsrescue.
- Our Dog is ten and this supplement really helps his joints he can run normally again.
- These chews are great! Dogs love them! Works to help prevent joint issues and we noticed a huge difference with our Shepard aft… Read More
- My dogs love it and it really helps with their joint problems. The only issue I have is once the bag is open, the soft chews be… Read More
3. FurHaven Pet Dog Bed | Orthopedic Ultra Plush Sofa-Style Couch Pet Bed for Dogs & Cats, Deep Pool, Large
Going ahead with our list, we have something very specific to a specific audience. Yes, FurHaven Pet Dog Bed | Orthopedic Ultra Plush Sofa-Style Couch Pet Bed for Dogs & Cats, Deep Pool, Large has a very selective audience with specific taste. It satisfies customer expectations (Given that your expectations don’t cross a limit) and it adds value for money but more importantly, it adds a style to the user which can be your fashion statement.
FurHaven Pet Dog Bed | Orthopedic Ultra Plush Sofa-Style Couch Pet Bed for Dogs & Cats, Deep Pool, Large is definitely the must-buy for those who need a little of both quality and price efficiency and as per our analysis, FurHaven Pet Dog Bed | Orthopedic Ultra Plush Sofa-Style Couch Pet Bed for Dogs & Cats, Deep Pool, Large easily gets the award of Best Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food Under 100$.
4. Rachael Ray Nutrish Natural Dry Dog Food, Real Chicken & Veggies Recipe, 28 Lbs
Rachael Ray Nutrish Natural Dry Dog Food, Real Chicken & Veggies Recipe, 28 Lbs is a veteran in the market and has been here for a long time. It offers something of a unique feature which no other competitor offers.
Go for Rachael Ray Nutrish Natural Dry Dog Food, Real Chicken & Veggies Recipe, 28 Lbs if you want to try out something of a fusion of new and classic. Fun & Interesting Fact about Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food is that even though Rachael Ray Nutrish Natural Dry Dog Food, Real Chicken & Veggies Recipe, 28 Lbs is a veteran, the users are mostly younger generation. You can say fashion makes a turn after a century or so and things repeat.
5. Valuepad Puppy 28X36 Premium Count
- IT’S IN THE DETAILS – Dimensions: 28 x 44 inches, 95 Grams in the absorbent fluff layer, 5 grams super absorbent polymer
- HELPS STOP LEAKS – No mess will leak through the pads with the tear resistant polypropylene backing
- RELIABLE PUPPY PADS – Great for dogs left home alone, puppy housebreaking, or dogs experiencing incontinence
- ABSORBENT – Super absorbent polymer core will keep moisture in and help avoid tracking
- ELIMINATES TRACKING – Spunbonded polypropylene facing prevents snagging
If you are buying a Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food for the first time, then you should have Valuepad Puppy 28X36 Premium Count. It has fewer features when you make Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food comparisons of Valuepad Puppy 28X36 Premium Count with any other Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food but what it has is ease of use and best in class service. Go ahead and Grab a Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food, grab any Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food but if you are first time user and want a good experience do not look anywhere other than Valuepad Puppy 28X36 Premium Count
6. CESAR CANINE CUISINE Wet Dog Food Poultry Variety Pack, (24) 3.5 oz. Trays
- Contains twenty-four (24) 3.5 oz. trays of CESAR CANINE CUISINE Poultry Variety Pack Wet Dog Food: (6) Duck (6) Grilled Chicken Flavor (6) Oven Roasted Chicken Flavor (6) Turkey
- CESAR CANINE CUISINE Trays feature a delectable variety of poultry flavors in meaty juices for dogs with refined tastes
- This savory dog food is fortified with vitamins and minerals to help dogs of all sizes, especially small breeds, stay healthy
- This gourmet wet food for dogs is served in convenient trays with easy, peel-away freshness seals
- CESAR CANINE CUISINE provides complete and balanced nutrition in a pate formulated just for adult dogs
CESAR CANINE CUISINE Wet Dog Food Poultry Variety Pack, (24) 3.5 oz. Trays is a relatively new and late entrant in the market but surprisingly has surpassed beyond Valuepad Plus Puppy Pads, Extra Large 28X36 Inch, 200 Count – Premium Pee Pads For Dogs, Tear Resistant, Super Absorbent Polymer Gel Core, 5-Layer Design which have been in market longer than anyone. CESAR CANINE CUISINE Wet Dog Food Poultry Variety Pack, (24) 3.5 oz. Trays brings you the best of the quality in the lowest possible cost. The Best feature of CESAR CANINE CUISINE Wet Dog Food Poultry Variety Pack, (24) 3.5 oz. Trays is what has kept in the market.
It certainly makes appearance in Reviews of Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food in 2020 owing to its price penetration strategy in the market. If you own a Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food and it could be any of the high value Dr Foster And Smith Pet Food, chances are that would be much costlier than CESAR CANINE CUISINE Wet Dog Food Poultry Variety Pack, (24) 3.5 oz. Trays. CESAR CANINE CUISINE Wet Dog Food Poultry Variety Pack, (24) 3.5 oz. Trays will have more than 50% of all its features.
- For the price you get a lot of soft food and the quality its seems is very good.
- Buying the multi-pack of cesar’s saves a fair amount of money over buying the individual servings at the grocery store.
- He loved the food and the price was great.
- Thank you for the supply of dogfood.
- My dog whos 15 yrs old stopped eating so we add a tablespoon of this mix it up and good is all gone now
- My dog Duchess loves Cesar. She will hardly eat anything else.
- My pom loves his food and waits all day for that yum in his bowl. The only brand of moist food he will eat. Decent ingredients,… Read More
- I will purchase this again and again for my little dog
7. Poultry Lovers Variety Chicken Turkey
- This gourmet soft dog food is served in convenient trays with easy, peel-away freshness seals
- Made in the USA with the world’s finest ingredients, CESAR makes a great meal on its own or as a dog food topper mixed with dry food
- Contains one (1) 36-count case of 3.5 oz. trays of CESAR Wet Dog Food Poultry Lovers Variety Pack Wet Dog Food: (6) Classic Loaf in Sauce Grilled Chicken Flavor, (6) Classic Loaf in Sauce Turkey Recipe, (6) Classic Loaf in Sauce Duck Recipe, (6) Loaf & Topper in Sauce Rotisserie Chicken Flavor with Bacon & Cheese, (6) HOME DELIGHTS Slow Cooked Chicken & Vegetable Dinner, & (6) HOME DELIGHTS Turkey, Green Beans & Potatoes Dinner
- CESAR Wet Dog Food is complete and balanced and fortified with vitamins and minerals to help dogs of all sizes, especially small breeds, stay healthy
- Crafted without grains and with US Chicken, US Turkey, or Duck as the #1 ingredient
Dogs with sophisticated palates will enjoy a rich culinary experience with CESAR Wet Dog Food. Crafted with US Chicken, US Turkey, or Duck as the #1 ingredient, these recipes will make your furry friend’s mouth water and tail wag. CESAR Dog Food delights with a tantalizing texture, and is enhanced with vitamins and minerals for complete and balanced nutrition. Served in convenient trays with no-fuss, peel-away freshness seals, CESAR Adult Dog Food makes mealtime easy. Our gourmet wet dog food also uses ingredients formulated to meet nutritional levels established by the AAFCO dog food nutrient profiles for maintenance.

domain: pet


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Tidal surge blasts Bourne shoreline early Sunday night
Tropical Storm Irene’s surge up Buzzards Bay at last light Sunday night coincided with the start of a lunar high tide, covering Barlows Landing Beach with water and threatening to submerge the adjacent pier.
The entrance to the Monument Beach Marina flooded under the Emmons Road train trestle, and waves in Phinneys Harbor hit a sea wall protecting homes north of the marina; while the high tide also threatened Chester Park.
The low-lying area off Shore Road, Pocasset, filled with water, threatening to wash out the rail bed. And a tree uprooted at Wheeler and Barlows Landing Road.
Residents lined Shore Road in Monument Beach to watch the tidal spectacle, while Barlows Landing parking lot filled with motorists.
Bourne Highway Department crews were out in dump trucks, and Nstar workers were busy in Pocasset.
Wind gusts persisted throughout the early evening.

domain: geography


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Measuring the knowledge, skills and attitudes of grade ten students of citizenship education in government and private schools of Karachi, Pakistan
Date of Award
Master of Education (M. Ed.)
Institute for Educational Development, Karachi
A critical aspect of citizenship education is the preparation of students for an informed, responsible and participative role in the society. There is a widespread acceptance in literature that preparation for effective citizenship can be achieved through citizenship education at school that can help each new generation develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes that will equip them to have good life as adults and, as well as to become democratic citizens. This study therefore measures the extent to which citizenship knowledge, skills and attitudes are developed in grade ten students of private and government schools of Karachi, Pakistan for gauging the extent of preparedness of young learners for taking up their future roles as democratic citizens. To achieve the purpose of the research study, a cross-sectional survey with the aid of an adopted and modified questionnaire was conducted in 16 schools selected from 4 towns of Karachi through a one-stage stratified cluster sampling across school systems: Government and Private, to collect data from 267 grade ten students. The findings from the study although demonstrate that private school students have outperformed the government school students on citizenship knowledge, skills and attitudes but as a whole, students of both the school system are lagging behind in terms of citizenship knowledge, skills and attitudes to act as effective democratic citizens in future. This study has identified some opportunities and the inefficiency of schools in this context to provide such opportunities sufficiently to students, both inside and outside classrooms to enhance their citizenship learning, have caused them to lag behind in terms of citizenship knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to nurture them as democratic citizens. Finally, the study has revealed parents through their education and home literacy resources to act as significant predictor in enhancing citizenship learning of students. As such it has highlighted strong recommendations for parents and other stakeholders to be followed in order to cultivate children as informed and active citizens.
Ferhat, S. (2009). Measuring the knowledge, skills and attitudes of grade ten students of citizenship education in government and private schools of Karachi, Pakistan (Unpublished master's dissertation). Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.


All artists love the creative parts of making music, jamming with friends, and daydreaming about breaking out into the mainstream. But making music is, ironically, oftentimes the easy part. It’s much harder to promote and successfully distribute your music so you get your shot at fame and recognition.
If you’re a new artist and aren’t sure how to distribute your music successfully, keep reading. We’ll explore how you can distribute your music as an up-and-coming artist step by step.
Pick a Distribution Service
Your first major step should be to choose an online music distribution service or platform. In essence, a music distribution service will put your music on the biggest online music stores, like Apple Music, Spotify, and more.
Of course, there are major differences between different distribution services in terms of the percentage of revenue they take, the artist profile customization features they offer, and much more. Out of all potential music distribution platforms, DistroKid is the superior service.
DistroKid offers many distribution plans to choose from, which start at just $19.99 per year. You can create an artist profile account and include a lot of metadata, which is important for improving SEO or search engine optimization (more on that below).
Regardless of the service you choose, do your research so you pick the right platform for your music release plans and artist persona.
Consider Metadata for Each Release
The “metadata” for your music includes the artist name, album title, release date, label, genre, and other information that will show up when someone searches for your music on Google or on your chosen distribution platform. Therefore, you need to input your metadata accurately and thoroughly so your future fans can find your music once you release it.
It may be smart to consider SEO as you write your metadata before uploading any music to your chosen platform. Think about similar artist names, song titles, and other factors when deciding how to label your music. The more unique it is, and the more related to your chosen genre it is, the easier a time your music will have finding new listeners.
Write an Artist Bio
You’ll next need to write a compelling artist bio, which will be displayed on your distribution platform’s profile page. The artist bio is more than just a replaceable paragraph or two. In fact, it’s one of the major things that can bring new lifelong fans to your work.
If someone likes an initial song they heard, they might check out your artist bio to learn more about you and your journey. Many people connect with artists, particularly if they deeply love their favorite bands. Write an artist bio that is honest and engaging, and your music release will come that much more smoothly and successfully.
Create Good Artwork
The phrase, “don’t judge a book by its cover,” sounds nice, but it’s not accurate. In fact, people can and do judge books – and music albums! – by their covers all the time. With that in mind, design or hire someone to create excellent album artwork for your upcoming music release.
The better your album artwork is, the better. If possible, make your album artwork into a thumbnail (again, by hiring a specialist if necessary) so you can upload the same artwork to your music distribution platform when the time comes for your music launch.
Promote, Promote, Promote
To successfully distribute your music, you need to promote it, especially if you are early in your career as an artist. Promote your music everywhere you can, such as by:
- Posting on your personal website
- Putting up Google PPC or pay-per-click ads (in some cases)
- Cross-promoting with other artists, especially those in your friend or social group
The more promoting you do, the better your music release will go.
Drum Up Hype on Social Media
This tip deserves its own section. You need to hype up your music release on social media as much as possible. Post regularly about your upcoming music releases so people know the day and time at which they can download your songs from their store of choice.
If possible, ask all of your followers, friends, and family members to purchase and/or listen to your music at the same time and on the same day. Doing this can temporarily boost your newly released music up to the top of the charts, helping new listeners discover you for the first time.
Release Your Music!
If you’ve made it to this stage, congratulations. Now you can upload and release your music to the public! If you’ve done everything right, you’ll get some downloads immediately and positive word-of-mouth will spread in no time. With a little luck, this is just the start of your career as an artist.


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The Dark Net
Inside the Digital UnderworldeBook - 2015
Beyond the familiar online world that most of us inhabit--a world of Google, Facebook, and Twitter--lies a vast and often hidden network of sites, communities, and cultures where freedom is pushed to its limits, and where people can be anyone, or do anything, they want. This is the world of Bitcoin and Silk Road, of radicalism and pornography. This is the Dark Net. Jamie Bartlett takes us deep into the digital underworld and presents a look at the internet we don't know. Beginning with the rise of the internet and the conflicts and battles that defined its early years, Bartlett reports on trolls, pornographers, drug dealers, hackers, political extremists, Bitcoin programmers, and vigilantes--and puts a human face on those who have many reasons to stay anonymous.
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MSM tablets from Best Body are an optimal addition to the metabolism cure!
The product at a glance:
- with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS)
- optimized with vitamin C.
- Vitamin C contributes to the normal function of the immune system
- Vitamin C protects the cells from oxidative stress
- contains tyrosine
- for support during a metabolic cure
- practical to dose
The Vital MSM Active Tablets from Best Body Nutrition are an optimal addition to certain nutritional programs such as a metabolism cure. In these programs, carbohydrates and fats are largely avoided. Instead, vegetables and protein in the form of meat or fish are on the menu. Since the daily calorie intake is reduced to around 500 kcal, the absorption of certain essential nutrients is made more difficult. So that there is no deficiency, Best Body Nutrition offers with the Vital MSM Active tablets high-quality vital substances to support a metabolic cure. The combination of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and vitamin C supplies the body with important nutrients.
Vitamins are among the essential nutrients. The human body cannot produce them itself, which means they have to be made available to it through food or supplements.
During a metabolism cure, the body needs a well-functioning energy metabolism. The vitamin C it contains makes a positive contribution to normal energy metabolism. This is important for the production of energy, which in turn is of great importance for maintaining the basic functions in the body. In addition, vitamin C helps reduce tiredness and fatigue. The vitamin C contained in the Vital MSM Active tablets makes a positive contribution to a normal immune system. Vitamin C also contributes to normal bone and cartilage function.
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an organic sulfur compound. In the body, sulfur is needed for vital functions. Cells and tissue can be built up and regenerated with it. Sulfur is also important for building hormones, vital antioxidants, enzymes, and protein.
The galactooligosaccharides (GOS) contained in the Vital MSM Aktiv tablets refer to multiple sugars that occur naturally in breast milk. According to numerous studies, GOS have a probiotic effect. This means that indigestible food ingredients selectively promote the growth or activity of one or more colon bacteria, which are critical to human health.
When reducing body weight, many restructuring and renewal processes take place in the body. This creates so-called “reactive oxygen compounds” which can damage the cells. The vitamin C contained in Vital MSM Aktiv helps to protect the cells from oxidative stress.
Best Body Nutrition recommends 7 Vital MSM Active tablets daily. The optimal dosage is 4 tablets in the morning and 3 tablets in the evening.
Note for allergy sufferers:
Contains milk (contains lactose). May contain traces of gluten, soy and egg protein.
The recommended daily dose should not be exceeded! Do not use as a substitute for a balanced and varied diet. Keep out of reach of small children.
|average nutritional values
||Per 100 g
|hereof: saturated fatty acids
|of which sugars
|Nutrients other substances
||per serving (7 tablets)
||% NRV *

domain: chemistry


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AUSTIN (KXAN) — Beginning June 17 with Bexar County, several of the most populous counties in Texas have issued orders mandating businesses to require customers and employees to wear face masks when they visit.
As of June 30, 14 counties and 24 cities in Texas have issued some semblance of a mask/face covering requirement. See a city or county that we’re missing? Let us know at KXAN ReportIt.
Counties with mandatory mask orders:
Cities with mandatory mask orders
- Cedar Park
- College Station
- Lake Jackson
- Marble Falls
- Missouri City
- Round Rock
- Sugar Land
Counties with recommended mask guidelines:
- Fort Bend
- Red River
- San Antonio
On Tuesday, June 16, mayors from some of Texas’ biggest cities sent Gov. Greg Abbott a letter asking for the authority to regulate the use of face coverings.
As of Tuesday, June 30, Texas’ total cases of COVID-19 is 159,986 with 2,437 deaths in Texas. The highest daily jump occurred on June 30, when 6,975 new cases were added to the state’s total.


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Mild traumatic brain injury New research shows that TBI is associated with an increased risk of developing a range of subsequent cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological and psychiatric disorders.
injury Hypertensioncoronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, depressionDementia began to increase shortly after the brain injury and persisted for more than a decade in both mild, moderate and severe injuries.
The researchers found multisystem comorbidities in all age groups, including patients younger than 18, and also found that patients who developed multiple problems after infection had a higher mortality rate during the decade-long follow-up period.
The results suggest that patients with TBI may require longer follow-up and proactive screening for multisystem disease, regardless of age or severity of injury.
“The fact that both patients with mild, moderate to severe injuries had persistent long-term associations with comorbidities that persisted over time and that they had cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, and behavioral disease was absolutely astounding,” the study author said. Ross Zafonte, MD, Chair of Spaulding Rehab and Professor and Chair of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Medscape Medical News.
study was Posted online April 28 in JAMA Network is open.
The severity of the injury is not a factor
It is estimated that 2.8 million individuals in the United States suffer TBI each year. Worldwide, the number may be as high as 74 million.
Studies have long suggested a link between brain injury and subsequent neurological disorders, but research suggesting a possible link to cardiovascular and endocrine problems has gained attention recently.
Based on Study 2021 which showed an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease after a concussion, researchers examined the medical records of patients with preexisting health problems who were treated for TBI between 2000 and 2015 and who also had at least one follow-up visit between 6 months and 10 years after the initial injury.
The researchers analyzed data from 13,053 individuals – 4,351 with mild infection (mTBI), 4,351 with moderate to severe infection (msTBI), and 4,351 with no severe infection. The most common cause of injury was a fall. Patients with sports injuries were excluded.
The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher among patients with mTBI (hazard ratio [HR], 2.5; 95% CI, 2.1 – 2.9) and msTBI (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.0 – 2.9) compared to the unaffected group. risk of developing other problems with the heart and blood vessels, including hyperlipidemia, obesityAnd coronary heart diseasewere also higher in the affected groups.
TBI patients also reported a higher incidence of endocrine disease, including diabetes (mTBI: HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4 – 2.7; msTBI: HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4 – 2.6). high risk ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack It was also increased (mTBI: HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 – 3.3; msTBI: HR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.4 – 5.3).
Regardless of the severity of the injury, patients with TBI were more likely to develop neuropsychiatric conditions, particularly depression, dementia, and psychotic disorders. “This tells us that mild to moderate brain injury is not event-free,” Zafonte said.
Surprising rate of co-morbidity among young people
The researchers found an increased risk of PTSD in all age groups, but the researchers were shocked by the higher rates in younger patients, ages 18 to 40. Compared with age-matched individuals without a history of TBI, the risk of hypertension was approximately six times higher in those with mTBI (HR, 5.9; 95% CI, 3.9–9.1) and nearly four times higher in patients with mTBI. MSTBI (HR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.5 – 6.1).
Rates of hyperlipidemia and diabetes were also higher in younger patients in the mTBI group and PTSD and PTSD increased regardless of severity.
Overall, patients with MSTBI, but not those without mTBI, were more likely to die compared to the unexposed group (432 deaths). [9.9%] For 250 deaths [5.7%]; s <.001).
“Obviously what we might be dealing with is that it holds up even for youngsters,” Zafonte said. “We used to think that the risk of brain injury was worse in severe cases, which it is, and worse later among the elderly, which it is. But our young people don’t get away with it either.”
While the study presents an association between TBI and multisystem health problems, Zafonte said it’s impossible to say at this point whether brain injury caused an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or endocrine problems. Injuries to other organs from trauma may be a contributing factor.
“More data is needed to clarify the mechanism and causation, which we don’t have here,” he said.
Multiple post-infection comorbidities appeared an average of 3.5 years post-infection, regardless of severity. But some cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions appeared much sooner than that.
This is important because Suggest research Less than half of patients with TBI receive follow-up care.
“It makes sense for people who interact with people who have had TBI to suspect medical comorbidities relatively early, within the first two years,” Zafonte said.
In an invited comment, Vijay Krishnamurthy, MD, MPH, PhD, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, and Monica S. Vavilala, MD, University of Washington, Seattle, highlighted some of the study’s limitations, Including the lack of information on the severity of the comorbidity and the lack of a matched group of patients who experienced non-head trauma.
Despite these limitations, the study provides important information about how TBI affects organs outside the brain, they note.
Krishnamurthy and Vavelala write: “If replicated in future studies, these observations raise interesting implications for future care of patients with TBI, including increased chronic disease screening measures and improved guidelines for extracranial chronic system care for patients with brain injury. the floor.” .
The study did not receive any specific funding. Zafonte reports that she has received personal fees from Springer/Demos, serving on the science advisory boards for Myomo and OnCare and has received funding from The Harvard Football Players’ Health Study, funded in part by the National Football Players Association. Krishnamurthy and Vavelala did not disclose any related financial relationships.


The Last T-shirt is a wear-with-everything Weekday classic in a light organic cotton blend. It has a relaxed fit, short sleeves and a U-shaped neckline. Wearable on its own or layered.
- Size Small measures 98 cm in chest circumference and 62,50 cm in front length. The sleeve length is 22 cm.
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Givenchy Antez Royal known widely by his stage name Statz 441 was born in St. Petersburg, FL, four years after the launch of a revolutionary Music Video Channel, now called MTV and the same year Hip Hop seemed to take it’s firm and everlasting place in the world. Touched by music early in life Statz grew up listening to groups from the Temptations to Public Enemy, he knew early on that he wanted to be a performer. At the tender age of 9 his mother made a strategic move that would change his life forever. She uprooted Statz and his older brother and moved them to the small town of Okeechobee, FL. Which boast the Infamous highway 441 that runs thru his hometown of Okeechobee, FL. Statz quickly became known as one of the cities’ best rappers.
At the tender age of 12 Statz released his first album, “2 Hot 2 Handle” gaining much success of the “2 Hot 2 Handle” Album Statz then followed up with highly anticipated 1999 street album “Rhyme-A-Nator”. In 2002 Statz released his self titled EP which boast songs such as “Novacane”, “Flexin”, and “XO”. In 2003, he signed his first record deal with Brown Entertainment based out of Atlanta.
Unfortunately, Statz 2003 record deal with Brown Entertainment didn’t pan out as expected and he parted ways with them in 2004 never releasing “Royal Empire” which was set to be his first in store album. Statz however did release his mixtape called “Crown Royal” which became one of his best selling mixtape projects and is still recognized as a classic. In 2006 he formed an Independent Label, F.R.A.T.T. House Ent. under which he released two albums, “StatzCounty FL” one of his highest selling Independent projects to date and “Devil’s Jacket”. In 2007 Statz also released the single “I Swang” an received an overwhelming 70,000 downloads.
In 2008 Statz 441 along with managers Big Snap, DJ Blazin Hell, and hip hop legend Super Lover Cee started a new Independent brand entitled “Swerve Music”. Working hard under his Independent Label Statz 441 dropped a highly anticipated mixtape entitled “441 A Gallon”. With lead off singles “Outta Here” featuring four time Grammy winner Lil Wayne and “Fire” , “441 A Gallon” was considered a classic. Statz has worked with some of the best in the game from artists such as Lil Wayne to the The Nappy Roots, Atozzio, Jackie Chain, Jokaman, Don Money & Keni Myles.
In Late 2009 Statz, Big Snap, and Ricky Runway resurrected the F.R.A.T.T. House Entertainment imprint. This time with a new roster of artists and a new staff. This time around the F.R.A.T.T. is stronger than ever. Siding with E1 Entertainment in Feb of 2010 the three business men began working non stop. Statz began working on his first in store album “The Overture” in September 2010 (releasing in 2011) and has not looked back.
I guess it’s safe to say that we should be keeping some “statz” on Statz 441. When we last checked in on him he was working with the hottest Artist,Producers & DJ’s both in the U.S. and Oversea’s. As a Fleet Dj’s and Certified Dj’s exclusive artist, he’s already touched The UK, Spain, Belgium, NY, CA, LAS VEGAS, FL, DC, VA, ATL, HOUSTON AND HIS LIST GOES ON.
People seem to always ask, with such a strong given birth name Givenchy Antez Royal why go by the street name Statz 441? Answering ever so thoughtfully Statz 441 says he’s making his mark on the music world putting up his “STATZ” in the music game…. and when the world is ready for him you will meet Givenchy Antez Royal.


Will 2024 be the year the Suns finally break into the finals frame?
New coach Damien Hardwick flagged that 80 per cent of the Gold Coast's first premiership side is already listed at the club, with some exciting draft additions pushing that percentage closer to 90.
The Suns were right in the finals mix during the second half of the season before falling short, with the addition of Hardwick and the continued development of their young core set to have September in the Queensland club's sights.
Gold Coast wasn't active in adding to their list through the trade and free agency space, instead placing a focus on attaining a quartet of Academy kids through the draft.
With a flurry of first-round picks - both new and old - on their list, the Suns are looking to soar into the top half of the competition under their new coach.
Here's how we see the Suns' best 23-man side taking shape in 2024...
Hardwick's rearguard will be the area that needs the biggest lift if the Suns want to rise into the top eight, with a number of key cogs looking to play their best football in 2024.
Top 2021 draft selection Mac Andrew is continuing to develop nicely and will assist Ballard and Collins against key position forwards, while the reliable Wil Powell goes from strength to strength as a medium-sized backman.
Connor Budarick played two games this year after returning from an ACL injury and should assume a role in the back seven with a full pre-season under his belt.
Darcy Macpherson was a constant down back for the Suns this year after being placed on the periphery in years gone by.


Today’s world is heavily dependent on Digital Communication. What ever we use for any sort of communication, it has a niche touch of Digitization. This post will discuss about various aspects of Digital Communication such as Introduction, Basic components, How Digital Signal Communication Process works and its various advantages over Analog Signal Communication.
Introduction to Digital Communication
Digital Communication is defined as the process by which Digital devices communicate information digitally. The communication that occurs in our daily life is in the form of signals such as sound signals. These sound/ audio signals are normally analog in nature. For such communication via sound signals, we must be near the source of sound signal, at least within our hearing range. But what if the source and receiver are at a long distance? In case if the communication needs to be established over a distance, the analog signals are sent through wire, using different techniques for effective and efficient transmission.
Fig. 1 – Digital Communication – Introduction, Basic Components and Advantages
Why Digitization is Needed for Communication?
The traditional methods of communication were using analog signals for long distance communications. Due to the long distance, the analog signal has to go through many losses such as distortion, intervention or interference and even security breach too.
To minimize and overcome these types of losses, the signals are now digitized using different techniques. With the use of digitized signals, the communication become more clear and accurate with minimum or no losses.
Fig. 2 – Representation of Digital and Analog Signals
The Fig. 2 above represent analog and digital signals. The digital signals consist of 1s and 0s which indicate High and Low values respectively.
Basic Components of a Digital Communication System
Broadly, every digital Communication system consists of these basic components.
- Input Transducer
- Analog to Digital Converter
- Source Encoder
- Channel Encoder
- Digital Modulator
- Communication Channel
- Digital Demodulator
- Digital to Analog Converter
- Channel Decoder
- Source Decoder
- Output Transducer
- Output Signal
Fig. 3 – Basic Components of Digital Communication System
How Digital Communication Process Works?
The source consists of an analog signal.
For example: A Sound signal
2. Input Transducer
This block consists of input transducer which takes a physical input and converts it to an electrical signal For example: Microphone
3. Analog to Digital Converter
This electrical signal from Input Transducer is further processed and converted into Digital Signal by Analog to Digital Converter.
Fig. 4 – Analog to Digital Conversion
4. Source Encoder
The source encoder compresses the data into lowest number of bits. This procedure helps in efficient operation of the bandwidth. It removes the unnecessary bits.
5. Channel Encoder
The channel encoder, here the coding is done for error correction. During the transmission of the signal, due to the sound in the channel, the signal may get distorted. To avoid this, the channel encoder adds some unnecessary bits to the transmitted data. These bits are the error correcting bits.
6. Digital Modulator
Here the signal which is to be transmitted is modulated by a carrier. The carrier is used for for effective long distance transmission of data.
7. Digital to Analog Converter
The digital signal extracted from the carrier is then converted again into analog so that the signal can be passed effectively through the channel or medium.
The channel provides a path for the signal and permits the analog signal to transmit from the transmitter end to the receiver end.
9. Digital Demodulator
This is the place from where the data retrieving process is started at the receiver end. The received signal is demodulated and again converted from analog to digital. The signal gets rebuild here.
10. Channel Decoder
The channel decoder does the error corrections post sequence detection. The distortions which might take place during the transmission are corrected by adding some additional bits. Addition of these bits help in the complete recovery of the original signal.
11. Source Decoder
The resulting signal is again digitized by sampling and quantizing. This is done to obtain the unadulterated digital output without any loss of information. The source decoder creates again the source output.
12. Output Transducer
This is the final block which converts the signal into its original form (which was at the input of the transmitter). It converts the electrical signal into physical output.
For example: Speaker
13. Output Signal
This is the output for which the whole process is done.
For example: The sound signal received
Fig. 5 – Advantage of Digital Signal
Advantages of Digital Communication over Analog Communication
Digital Communication has many advantages over Analog Communication. Some of them are listed below: –
- The specific signal level of the digital signal is not very important. Due to this, digital signals are quite unaffected by the flaws of electronic systems that may spoil analog signals.
- The configuration process of digital signals is easier than analog signals.
- Encryption works better in Digital Signals (using codes).
- Digital circuits are more consistent and reliable.
- Digital circuits are easy to design (normally).
- The cost of manufacturing Digital Circuits is lesser than Analog Circuits.
- Digitals Signals do not get corrupted by noise, interference, and distortions.
- Cross-talking is very rare in Digital Communication.
- Long distance data transmission is more easy and cheap with Digital Signals.
- The hardware implementation in digital circuits is much more flexible if compared to analog circuits.
- The method of combining digital signals using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is easier than the method of combining analog signals using Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).
- Digital signals can be saved and extracted more easily than analog signals.
- Most of the digital circuits have almost common encoding techniques and therefore similar devices can be used for a number of purposes.
- Digital Communication supports multi dimensional transmissions simultaneously.
- The capability of the channel is efficiently utilized by digital signals.
- The signal is unchanged as the pulse needs a high interruption to change its properties, which is very complex.
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SU Underpass delayed, but moving forward
Another fall semester has begun at Shepherd University and the Route 480 underpass project continues to move forward with some delays.
As students returned to classes Monday, the underpass construction continued toward its revised end date — sometime mid- October 2012, according to Shelli Dronsfield, assistant to the president.
Dronsfield explained that the project has seen some delays due to rain, exceptionally hot summer temperatures and unforeseen requirements from state department of highways, which included structural modifications to the project’s retaining walls and storm drains.
“That added to our delay in getting started,” she said.
Additionally, the university opted to meet with members of the community after contractor’s recommendations for blasting changed the initial demolition plans.
The completed underpass was originally scheduled to be open for pedestrian use by August, just in time for students to return to the university campus.
Instead Dronsfield explained, students will continue to cross at the intersection of High and Duke streets, where a new four way stop was added last spring.
“The only viable crossing for them is at High and Duke street,” she said
A crossing guard now directs traffic at the stop, in the university’s attempt to keep traffic flow moving during peak class hours.
Dronsfield said an additional Pan Tran bus has been added on campus to shuttle more students from one side of campus to the other, as a means of curtailing backups.
Though Dronsfield acknowledges that rumors have circulated regarding the project’s budget, she said costs are right on track.
“We are not over budget,” she said.
Though the university originally asked the Shepherd Board of Governors for $4.15 million, a revised budget was approved in March for $5.65 million, as estimated costs changed.
$1.7 million dollars of the project’s funding will come from the West Virginia Department of Highways, $400,000 from a federal appropriation and an estimated $3.55 million will be taken from the university’s capital projects funds.
This week construction of the actual underpass structure has begun.
“You’ll start to see that take shape,” Dronsfield said.
To date, overhead utility relocations have been completed, the detour and bypass have been constructed and are in use and underground utility relocations are underway.
Prior to being opened for pedestrian and vehicle use in October, the retaining wall must be constructed and the underpass structure completed.
“We will continue to communicate with the community as far as any adjustments that need to be made to the timeline,” Dronsfield said.
For more information about the underpass project visit www.shepherd.edu/underpass/.