Retrato de Leonardo Torres QuevedoTorres Quevedo Museum
Leonardo Torres Quevedo was born on December 28, 1852 in Santa Cruz de Iguña (Cantabria, Spain). In 1870 he began his studies at the School of Civil Engineering in Madrid. When he finished in 1876, he decided he would work in the field of science, technology, and invention because of his passion for mathematics.
Spanish Aerocar at present The aerocar overflying the rapids of the Whirlpool RiverTorres Quevedo Museum
The Niagara Spanish Aero Car Company constructed a cable car over the Niagara River between 1915 and 1916, which was opened on August 8, 1916. The company's aim was to construct an aerial tram that would be popular with tourists.
Spanish Aerocar Over Whirlpool - Niagara Fall inaugurationTorres Quevedo Museum
The "Niagara Spanish Aero Car," as it was known at the time, was a new kind of passenger cable transport based on Torres Quevedo's patent called "Automatic hook and brake for aerial cars," dated January 22, 1915.
Drawing of the Whirlpool and CablewayTorres Quevedo Museum
This drawing published in the press at the time shows the Niagara Whirlpool with the aero car traveling above it. It is suspended between 2 Canadian banks, crossing over into American territory.
Picture of the Spanish Aerocar over Niagara FallTorres Quevedo Museum
The aero car spans a distance of 550 meters and is 76 meters above the Niagara River in Canada. There have been no accidents in its more than 100-year history.
Cable Car of the Monte Ulía (Lower Station)Torres Quevedo Museum
Its Precursor: The Monte Ulía Cableway
Torres Quevedo built the first ever cableway suitable for passenger public transport at Monte Ulía in San Sebastián, Spain. It opened on September 30, 1907, but disappeared in 1912 as the Monte Igueldo amusement park became more popular with visitors.
By the end of 1887 Leonardo Torres Quevedo had filed his first aerial tram patent, entitled "An aerial cable car system with multiple wires."
Spanish Aerocar Over Whirlpool - Niagara FallTorres Quevedo Museum
Thanks to its new system where each cable had a counterweight at the end, the tension remained constant, regardless of the weight of the load, making it completely safe.
Picture of the Aerocar in the Monte UlíaTorres Quevedo Museum
Creating a funicular cableway that covered a large distance was an innovative idea, showing that Torres Quevedo's inventions were consistently original.
Cable Car. Carriage and mechanism for 50% slopes. Monte Ulía Cable CarTorres Quevedo Museum
This design, featuring a route on an incline, was considered for the Monte Ulía aerial tram. However, it was never constructed.
The blueprint has 3 sections: plan, elevation, and profile. It was hand drawn in ink and watercolor.
Here we see part of the aerial tram plan and the mechanism for coping with 50% inclines. The scale is 1:10 and the plan is dated 1908.
The image shows the wires, shafts, and discs of the gondola.
Aerial Cable Car No 5. Cable CarTorres Quevedo Museum
This is the design that was eventually used for the Monte Ulía aerial tram. It is a 1:10 scale drawing of cable car Number 5 with 3 sections: plan, elevation, and left profile. It is dated 1908.
Torres Quevedo carefully considered technical aspects and details in the plans. The drawing of the gondola is meticulous, with each element precisely set out.
The aerial tram was a highly complex technical project with characteristics that were almost inconceivable at the time. This image shows the mechanisms used to start the cableway moving.
Close-up of the wires, shafts, and discs of the gondola.
Spanish Aerocar Spanish AerocarTorres Quevedo Museum
Leonardo's research culminated in the construction of the Niagara Whirlpool Aero Car. His son, Gonzalo Torres y Polanco—who was a civil engineer like his father—managed the construction works.
The Torres Quevedo Museum in the School of Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) has a model from around the same time that is a faithful reproduction of the aero car.
Spanish Aerocar - Car detailTorres Quevedo Museum
The car was powered by a 50 horsepower (37 kW) electric motor and traveled at about 7 km/h. The cable load was 9 tons.
Aerocar miniature in motionTorres Quevedo Museum
In the event of a power outage, a diesel generator propelled the car safely back to its dock.
A Spanish Triumph in America
News of the opening of the Niagara Whirlpool Aero Car was widely covered in the media at the time.
Detail of one page in the Spanish passportTorres Quevedo Museum
Even today, the final page of every Spanish passport depicts Torres Quevedo's aero car: evidence that the invention is still remembered and valued today.
Spanish Aerocar at present Commemorative plaque of Leonardo Torres Quevedo's life's work in Niagara ParksTorres Quevedo Museum
In 1991 the Niagara Parks Commission placed a commemorative plaque at the foot of the aero car, describing Torres Quevedo as "an ingenious Spanish engineer."
Enduring through History
The real proof of the relevance, originality, and technical ability of Leonardo Torres Quevedo's inventions is that the Niagara Whirlpool Aero Car is still running today.
Spanish Aerocar at present Start of one tripTorres Quevedo Museum
The gondola is suspended by 6 cables. This means passengers can enjoy views over the whirlpool and its rapids, where the gorge turns sharply and descends into a narrow ravine.
All aboard the Torres Quevedo Aero Car!
Spanish Aerocar StampTorres Quevedo Museum
En el año 1983, Correos emitió una serie de sellos conmemorativos de la construcción del Transbordador sobre el Niágara.
Spanish Aerocar at present Passengers getting on board of the nacelleTorres Quevedo Museum
In 2016 its centenary was celebrated with a commemorative event attended by the inventor's descendants and senior Spanish and Canadian figures.
The Spanish Aerocar nowadaysTorres Quevedo Museum
The Chair of the Niagara Parks Commission said the fact that the aero car is still operating is "a living testament to the brilliance and foresight of the original designer and engineer, Spaniard Leonardo Torres Quevedo."
Torres Quevedo Museum (Madrid)
Museum Director: Manuel Romana García
Editing: Miriam Guerrero Pérez
Texts: Miriam Guerrero Pérez and Consuelo Durán Cermeño
Advisors: Francisco González Redondo, Antonio López Vega, and María Pascual Nicolás
Documentation: Manuel Romana García, Consuelo Durán Cermeño, Miriam Guerrero Pérez
Image Sources: Museum collection, Francisco González Redondo Collection, Manuel Romana Collection, National Newspaper Library
Video Source: YouTube


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When it comes to screened porch materials, Zuri synthetic decking is a popular option. Made by Royal Building Products, it replicates the beauty of natural wood by incorporating grain textures with minimal pattern repetition to make each piece look like a unique piece of hardwood. However, because it emulates this characteristic so well, color variability can make it difficult to decide on what style of Zuri to use for a screened-in porch.
Zuri is offered in five colors: chestnut, walnut, pecan, Brazilia, and weathered gray. It is resistant to fading, scratching, and staining and, unlike natural hardwood, it doesn’t require annual sealing, sanding, or preservation measures other than occasional sweeping and gentle mopping. The color a homeowner chooses is there to stay, so it is important to consider the following before committing to a decision:
- Lighting. If your screened porch receives a lot of natural light, darker colors such as Brazilia and pecan are excellent choices. However, if it sees or will see a lot of shade and shadowing, we recommend choosing a lighter color like weathered gray or chestnut. Colors such as these can bring brightness, energy, and light to an otherwise dim or shadowy space
- Foot traffic. Light colors like weathered gray and chestnut may require less cleaning, since they are better at concealing dirt, mud, and dust. On darker shades like walnut and Brazilia, footprints and other residue show up much more easily. For this reason, if your screened porch is likely to endure a lot of muddy footprints and paw prints from children, dogs, and visitors, you should probably go lighter
- Interior coloring. Also consider the interior hardwood in your home and whether you care if your decking complements it. We recommend choosing decking that is in clear contrast with the hardwood inside, rather than trying to match the color, unless your home’s interior hardwood happens to match one of the Zuri decking colors precisely
- Style preferences. The choice that is ultimately "right" comes down to the homeowner. Among our customers, walnut and Brazilia are two of the more popular choices; Brazilia’s deep red hue creates an exotic feel, while walnut’s dark and rich hue suggests luxury. Chestnut is bright and cheerful, while pecan is dignified and understated. If it’s a temporary or modern look you’re after, we suggest weathered gray, which gives a refurbished, antique appearance to your floor
If you are thinking of building a screened porch for your home and find yourself wondering what kind of decking and color will work best, give our team a call. We have years of experience in installing Zuri decking and routinely help homeowners make similar decisions.

domain: design


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Acquisition expands geographic footprint and consumer technology development capability
Cambridge Consultants, the innovative product development firm and part of the Altran group, has announced that it has entered a definitive agreement to acquire Synapse, a US West Coast business, to further increase its geographic presence for its growing global client base. The acquisition will allow for the combined firms to create one of the world’s largest and most capable innovative product development companies with significant presence on both coasts of the US. This acquisition, combined with Cambridge Consultants, will grow the Innovative Product Development activity revenues of Altran by 50 % by the end of 2016 (on a proforma basis), and fits within Altran’s ‘2020. Ignition’ strategic plan under which Cambridge Consultants is doubling its scale and enhancing its geographic reach in the US and Asia.

domain: geography


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Colonial administration records to be released to The National Archives
The National Archives is working with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) to transfer and begin releasing colonial administration records, referred to as the 'migrated archives' between April 2012 and November 2013, in accordance with FCO's published timeline on the FCO website.
The first batch will be made available in the reading rooms at The National Archives from Wednesday 18 April 2012. This release will contain records from Aden, Anguilla, Bahamas, Basutoland. Bechuanaland, British Indian Ocean Territories, Brunei, Cyprus, Kenya, Malaya, Sarawak and Seychelles.
On Wednesday 18 April 2012, a guide to the first batch of files will be published on The National Archives website and will provide more information on how to search the records.
In addition, there will be free public talks on accessing the records in the reading rooms at Kew at 11:00 and 14:00. Tickets are available on site on 18 April.
The collection will form record series FCO 141: Foreign and Commonwealth Office and predecessors: Records of Former Colonial Administrations: Migrated Archives.
The records cover a wide range of subject matter relating to colonial administration. The material reflects events in the territories generally pre-independence and Her Majesty's Government's views at that time.
For up to date information about the records and ongoing release, see our Colonial administration records web page.
Latest News from
Kindertransport records go online28/01/2015 16:32:03
Findmypast.co.uk have released records from The National Archives relating to theKindertransport refugee programme. Online for the first time, for Holocaust Memorial Day, these records tell the story of young Jewish children, who sought refuge in Britain at the outbreak of the Second World War.
Irish Poverty Relief Loan records available online26/01/2015 13:17:10
Findmypast has digitised and is publishing the Poverty Relief Loans records from The National Archives online for the first time. The Irish Reproductive Loan Fund was set up in 1824 to provide small loans to the ‘industrious poor’ – those most affected by poverty and famine.
Diversity Week at The National Archives25/01/2015 07:10:28
We are holding a Diversity Week from 26-30 January, to highlight ongoing work across the organisation on the representation of diverse histories.

domain: history


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In the old days, you could be arrested for loitering. Ambling along in the world without plans was seen as very suspicious behaviour. These days it’s different, and spending a day doing nothing is more a sign of being healthy than anything else. I like those days when I get into my car and just drive. A road trip is something everyone should do at least once. Swedish Lapland is 25% of Sweden’s total surface, so this destination is great for road trips. See how the landscape changes. Meet the changing seasons. Find your inner driver.
On the road
I really like road trips. They make me feel good. Like some wise person once said: “The windshield is large, the rear-view mirror is small”. You’re supposed to look forward to what’s behind the next bend in the road. But to make a road trip a proper road trip, you shouldn’t have a set goal in mind. Going from a to b is to travel. Then you might as well go by plane, bus or train. Driving a car just for the sake of driving means you can think about things you usually wouldn’t.
On the first day, as the day was young, I turned into the E4 near Luleå and went north. Just south of Haparanda I took a right towards Seskarö. Someone has called it the Key West of Swedish Lapland. The road with its many bridges, islands and a view of the sea: it’s pretty. I stopped where the road ended, then took a morning dip. The day was mine anyway, and the sun already warm. At Haparanda Stadshotell they serve a classic ‘dip in a cup’ (“dopp i kopp” in Swedish) for lunch and the evening menu is featuring Kalix vendace roe as a starter looks interesting. Yes, it’s worth stopping.
and has a quite interesting history.
Music is key
But apart from not having a goal for the road trip, you should, of course, plan all the rest. Music is important. Verdi and Vivaldi are always good for car driving. La donna è mobile is as much summer as it ever was. Every time I listen to it through the speakers, my old Skoda transforms into Inspector Morse’s red Jaguar and the countryside almost always into the welcoming English countryside. Vivaldi has four seasons. There’s always one to match — otherwise La Traviata.
I also listen to AC/DC, Live at River Plate, but an old childhood favourite like Kiss doesn’t work. Neither does Black Sabbath’s first album, even if it’s incomprehensibly good. Peter Lemarc and Bo Kaspers? Yes, always. Also Bruce Springsteen, Merle Haggard and Amos Lee. But if it’s stuff I’ve never listened to before it’s not allowed in the car, because I like singing along. Like when Jason Isbell’s song Travelling Alone hits the speakers. Perhaps that’s why I go on my own. To be able to sing in peace. At least it’s appreciated by others.
Listen to Swedish Lapland’s playlists on Spotify here.
From Torne Valley to Kiruna
I always bring mineral water, I’ve also bought dried reindeer meat and coffee cheese, and I’ve always got a pot for making coffee in the back of my car. There’s no way I’m going to get hungry enough to throw myself out of the car to eat a Big Mac or a petrol-station hot dog. No, I’m not a snob. I love potato dumplings as well as bubble and squeak at the hotel in Sorsele. I often stop to have a pizza Siciliana at Afrodite in Arvidsjaur. Capers and sardines, that’s real pizza. But a regular burger with plain dressing and a dry bread roll? That’s where I draw the line.
I drive up North, through the Torne Valley and reach Spis in Kiruna in the afternoon. At Spis, they have a blessed meat cabinet for those who want to feel stuffed. Another thing I’ve always liked about Spis is that hand-welded beer cooler in the corridor of the hotel. There’s basically everything you can imagine in there, from Belgian Saison to Mikkelers IPA.
Also readThe way we eat
From Kiruna to Gällivare
The next day I take a walk around the city – a city walk in Kiruna is a must. City Move and Ralph Erskine House, Hjalmar Lundbom and a view all the way to Kebnekaise. I have lunch at Malmfälten’s adult education centre. Yes, I know it sounds like a school dining hall, but if you see that many company cars outside a lunch restaurant, you kind of know it’s going to be good. Food worth the money. There’s fried herring and sausage stroganoff on the menu, but they also offer pork with onion sauce as a bonus.
In the afternoon, I drive to Gällivare, to another meat cabinet filled with marbled steaks getting ready. To work up an appetite, I go for a walk there, too, through Kåkstan (shantytown) in Malmberget. Kåkstan was once dissembled because it was a mark of poverty, then it was re-assembled as a cultural monument, and now it’s to be torn down yet again. Malmberget is eaten from within by ever-extending mine shafts. As I stood in the lift up to my room at Grand Hotel Lapland, I felt stuffed. Again. A perfect entrecôte, medium rare, passed through the charcoal grill at Steakhouse that was really tasty in all its simplicity. Well hung, marbled and perfectly tempered on the grill. Also, a good size. Their chef knows how to treat a piece of meat.
Food for the road
A piece of dried reindeer meat is perfect to bring on the road, in case you're in need of some snacks.
From Gällivare to Jokkmokk
The next morning I take another walk. I cut across the railway crossing behind the railway station towards what in Gällivare is referred to as ‘the other side’, then walk along with the river for some time before heading back to my hotel. Small portions are for non-active people, so to make room for a hearty breakfast, a hearty morning walk is needed.
As I leave Gällivare, I think: “Time to see the mountains”, so I take a right before Porjus and drive along the longest cul-de-sac in Sweden. A pretty Naturum, nature study centre, and a good lunch can indeed be combined. I kind of feel for some gáhkku bread with something nice on top from the café today. Perhaps the mother mountain Áhkká is visible today as well, taking a break next to the road just perfect. That means the coffee pot gets to come out together with the dried reindeer meat and the coffee cheese. The road takes me far into the UNESCO World Heritage Laponia, then it comes to an end, and I drive back.
Terrible food for driving
In the evening I arrive in Jokkmokk. After two days with locally produced beef, I treat myself to reindeer and Arctic char at Ájtte – Swedish Mountain and Sami Museum – instead. Enough with the big steaks. Tomorrow I’m going to explore the museum and the lovely mountain garden in the village. Of course, I’ll be visiting Stoorstålka, Sámi Duodji and Care of Gerd. Jokkmokk takes a day even if you’re on a mission. If you’re lucky it’s a Wednesday and they serve blood potato dumplings at Ájtte. It’s terrible food for driving, but where else can you find proper blood dumplings for lunch?
The next stop
When I’m ready to leave Jokkmokk, it gets trickier. Should I drive to the coast via Kåbdalis and the mighty Storforsen, the largest unregulated rapids in Europe? Or should I drive along the Luleå River via lunch at the Guesthouse at Treehotel, to Boden? I like roaming the area around the Treehotel. Especially the birch forest on the way up to the tree rooms; it has something sacred about it — a cathedral of natural light. But the roaring of Storforsen is also very tempting. Luleå, Piteå and Skellefteå lie by the coast, enough meat cabinets for sure. I know this for a fact. And locally produced beer makes the cities a bit richer in identity. But why worry about it now? Tomorrow as I sit down behind the wheel, as the music finds its way through the speakers and I open up a bottle of Åive mineral water, everything will become clear. Perhaps I’ll end up in Arjeplog? I haven’t been there for a while. Because didn’t someone say that the steak tartare in Vuoggatjålme – made with reindeer topside was “really, really tasty but you have to order it in advance”. So I give them a call, even if I’ve said there shouldn’t be any destinations. But a good steak tartare is worth bending the rules for.

domain: travel


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Subject: I have found a CD that I think you would enjoy
Genres: Folk, Special Interest, Pop
Listen to Samples
Similarly Requested CDs
Folk with mirth, musicianship and messages
Matt G. Leger | Atlanta, GA United States | 09/18/2003
(5 out of 5 stars)
"These four men (pun very much intended) performed together through most of the 1990s and are still performing minus their founder and chief composer, Roy Zimmerman (who decided being home for his wife and kids was more important than musical success). They look and sound like the mutant offspring of the Chad Mitchell Trio and Tom Lehrer (they even have Mr. Lehrer's endorsement on the cover of their first CD). Their voices are grand, their performing is tight and their songs still hold up well even years after their subjects have faded from the headlines (well, some of them anyhow). You gotta get this!"
Three Strikes and You're Out!
Johnny Heering | Bethel, CT United States | 03/12/2004
(3 out of 5 stars)
"The Foremen were(are?) a folk group that played political satire songs. This is their second and last album. Their previous album was great, but this one is a big letdown. It just isn't very funny. I don't know what went wrong here, but it just doesn't click. Not recommended."

domain: entertainment


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Posted by HeatPro on February 18, 2007 at 21:22:11:
In Reply to: Re: wiring for zone of hydronic off steam boiler posted by coldinhere on February 18, 2007 at 14:15:25:
You are asking people to wire something they can't see. That always leaves liability to YOU. Wiring IS my thing; but not designing custom wiring beyond the scope of most folks. No matter how you try, you won't be able to cajole or insult people into making wiring diagrams for you.
Post a Followup


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After what felt like a double-long week, we decided to abandon the Friday night kitchen drill and hit a new place. After picking up my partner-in-dine after work, we headed to look for the nearest bistro with outdoor seating on west 10th. Voila, Provence had a few sidewalk tables as we drove by.
Never actually been there and wasn't quite sure what to expect, I was surprised and pleased with their ambience, staff and service.
For appies we enjoyed two choices, spicy lamb sausage with fennel in tomato sauce and grilled asparagus. While nice on their own, I thought the sausages were neither spicy enough nor lamb-ey (baaad spelling). The asparagus was tender but a tad too delicate and frail.
Things improved considerably by the time we got to the mains. My wife had the brochette duo of prawns and scallops with lemon mustard vinaigrette, sautéed spinach and roasted cherry tomatoes. She thought the vinaigrette was spectacularly done, and the scallops and prawns were huge by even my standards and totally plump and fresh. I had the seafood linguine and was also treated to a mound of fresh mussels, clams, prawns and grilled fish on a bed of delicate al dente linguine smothered with a reduction of chopped tomatoes, shallots and garlic. I noted to our very friendly waiter that I could use more garlic in the linguine next time, but hey I'm just a garlic fiend. But it was certainly the best pasta I've had in quite a long time.
Although too full for dessert (and boy did we miss out), with a couple of glasses of Côtes du Luberon 2001 our total tab came to just under $70 before gratuities. I think only in Vancouver can one enjoy such fresh, world-class cuisine (in a great neighbourhood to boot !)
Bon apetit, SaabKen
Contributed by SaabKen

domain: food


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The “fake” Kardashian family home that was used by Kris Jenner during “Keeping Up With The Kardashian” filming has been listed for $7.99 million.
The listing was first reported Wednesday by the New York Post. The home features seven bedrooms, 8.5 bathrooms and is 7,843 square feet, according to the online listing. It was last sold in 2018 for $5.25 million, the listing claimed.
— New York Post (@nypost) November 18, 2020
The exterior of the home was used to replicate the real Kardashian home on the reality TV series, according to a report published by The Real Deal. (RELATED: Kris Jenner Ends Up Selling Hidden Hills Mansion For $15M All-Cash Deal)
Although the home was used for the show, Jenner herself never actually lived there nor did any of the Kardashian clan. The home was also used for “Chelsea Lately,” “True Blood,” “American Horror Story,” “Chuck” and a Victoria’s Secret commercial, according to the outlet.
Why does it not surprise me that the Kardashians used a fake home for the exterior of the house? I guess they didn’t want people to know what the outside of the house actually looks like, but I’m sure we do by now.
The show is over now at this point. I wonder if that has anything to do with the owner trying to sell it.

domain: celebrity


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The Pittsburgh Society of Artists Guild offers artists in all media the chance to join with fellow artists in the lifelong pursuit of artistic perfection. Twice yearly new member screenings are held at the Center for the Arts.
Any individual eighteen years old or older who lives within 150 miles of Pittsburgh may apply for membership by submitting three original pieces of art to a screening by the Board of Directors. Screenings are held in the spring and fall of each year.
Present three (3) gallery-ready (framed and wired) pieces of art completed within the last two years and not under direct instruction. Both two or three-dimensional pieces are acceptable. Please read Guidelines and Procedures for more detailed information on the process.
Memberhip dues for the PSA are $40 per year.
For more information: Membership@pittsburghsocietyofartists.org

domain: artistic


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315 W Oak Ave, Jonesboro, AR 72401 | 870-935-5133
You are hereHome ›
Library to offer Limited Computer Sessions
While library services do look different than they normally do, the Craighead County Jonesboro public library is still doing everything they can to continue to serve the public. Starting on Monday, the library will begin offering computer sessions for the public. These sessions are by reservation only and are for those doing essential business. This includes doing work for school, job, job hunting, filing taxes, completing the census or filling out online forms for financial assistance. To book an appointment, please call 870-206-9968.
Sessions will be available on Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 2:00-6:00 p.m. and from Tuesday and Thursday from 9:00-1:00 p.m. To accommodate physical distancing, 10 computers will be available each session. Hand sanitizer will be provided at the Cherry Avenue entrance. Masks are required. If you do not have a mask, one will be given to you upon entry to the building. All of the computers are set at least 6 feet apart to maintain social distancing rules. Each computer keyboard, mouse, table surface and chair will be cleaned between users.

domain: library


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US Drought Could Cause Global Unrest
|Tue Jul. 24, 2012 12:21 PM PDT
According to researchers from the New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI), commodity speculation—investors betting on food prices—will amplify the drought's market signals, creating a new food bubble and the crises that follow.
"The drought is clearly going to kick prices up. It already has. What happens when you have speculators is that it goes through the roof," said NECSI president Yaneer Bar-Yam. "We've created an unstable system. Globally, we are very vulnerable."
The ongoing drought, the United States' worst since the Dust Bowl, is expected to last until October and will decimate US harvests. America is the world's largest exporter of corn, wheat, and soybeans; global prices for those commodities have already surged to record levels.
Since 2004, global food prices have slowly but steadily increased, with drastic and socially destabilizing spikes in 2007 and again in 2010. Economists argued over the causes, with blame cast on poor regional harvests, supply shortages caused by converting food crops to biofuels, and—most controversially—speculation.
Until the late 1990s, food markets in the United States were mostly limited to people with direct interests in food prices, such as farmers and crop buyers. Deregulation allowed hedge funds and investment banks to start betting, changing market dynamics and making them prone to sudden, massive fluctuations.
In earlier research, Bar-Yam's group developed mathematical models of global food market behavior that found biofuels responsible for a slow upward rise in prices, and speculation for the spikes. That model anticipated a new food bubble in early 2013, but couldn't have foreseen the drought.
In the new analysis, released July 23 on NECSI's website, Bar-Yam's group added drought-triggered price increases to the model. With those figures included, the already grim forecast becomes even darker. "The drought may trigger the third massive price spike to occur earlier than otherwise expected, beginning immediately," wrote the NECSI team.
"We've created an unstable system. Globally, we are very vulnerable."
Models are, to be sure, always tricky, but this one does seem to have predictive power.
"The work they are doing on food prices is pathbreaking," said agricultural economist Peter Timmer of the Center for Global Development, who is familiar with NECSI's modeling. "I don't think their empirical model 'proves' that biofuels and speculation are the main causes of volatile food prices, but their model is the only one that's empirically tracked those prices accurately over the last eight years."
What happens after another bubble is a pressing question, said Bar-Yam. In both 2007 and 2010, massive unrest almost immediately followed food price surges, tracking market behavior with uncanny synchronization. Some Middle East experts say that rising prices even triggered the Arab Spring, providing a spark that ignited long-simmering tensions and resentments.
While the exact role played by food is difficult to isolate, a new NECSI analysis of the 2008 Yemeni uprising supports the spark hypothesis. In a paper released July 24, NECSI found that the geographical character of violence changed immediately after the price spikes, shifting from ethnically localized to widespread.
"I think the analysis has merit," said political geographer Charles Schmitz of Towson University. "The food prices did disturb things. The legitimacy of the government was undermined."
While some might see the Arab Spring's catalysis as a positive side effect, food shortages and panicked riots are hardly the most desirable path to social change. To keep prices under control, experts have recommended limiting financial speculation in commodity markets and using biofuel crops for food instead.
"In the short run, USDA needs to figure out a way to remove the mandate on ethanol use from corn," Timmer said. "If we could free up 20 to 30 percent of the US crop, reduced as it is, it would bring corn prices down very quickly."
New speculation limits are scheduled to be enacted by year's end, but drought means that may be too late, said Bar-Yam. In the meantime, the USDA has rebuffed all requests to reduce corn biofuel allotments.
"These are new tools for understanding social change," said Bar-Yam of NECSI's modeling. "The thing we're worried about is that they're pointing to global catastrophe in a short period of time."
US Drought Could Spell Another Global Food Crisis
As the Midwest bakes and food prices soar, threats of a ripple effect in the Middle East could lead to more uprisings.
Tue Jul. 24, 2012 3:00 AM PDT
America's drought threatens a recurrence of the 2008 global food crisis, when soaring prices set off riots and unrest to parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, food experts warn.
Corn prices reached an all-time high on Friday, as the drought expanded across America, trading at $8.24 a bushel on the Chicago exchange. Soybeans were also trading at record levels.
The US Department of Agriculture meanwhile predicted there would be less corn coming onto global markets over the next year, because of a sharp drop in US exports.
That means the effects of the drought will travel far beyond the Midwestern states baking under triple-digit temperatures, said Robert Thompson, a food security expert at the Chicago Council of Global Affairs.
"What happens to the US supply has an immense impact around the world. If the price of corn rises high enough, it also pulls up the price of wheat," he said.
He went on: "I think we are in for a very serious situation worldwide."
Some analysts are predicting a repetition of the 2008 protests that swept across Africa and the Middle East, including countries like Egypt, because of food prices.
In 2008, the food shock was due to rising prices for rice and wheat. This time, it's because of corn and soybeans, and there were no signs of shortfall in rice or wheat production.
But the full effects of the American drought will likely take several months to emerge. Its severity will be determined by a number of additional risk factors.
Global grain stocks have reached a new low, with the US and other countries running down their reserves. "There are no reserves of these foods in the US anymore," said Sophia Murphy, a fellow at the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy.
That means there is no room for maneuver for countries forced to import grains.
Thompson also warned that countries could make matters worse by stockpiling—putting further pressure on prices. That was the pattern during the 2008 food crisis when Russia, Ukraine, India, and Argentina all cut off grain exports.
It was unclear as well whether America's demand for ethanol would further limit the amount of corn on the world market. About 40 percent of America's corn is used for ethanol—which helps drive up the price of corn, analysts say. But there were some reports that American ethanol plants were in shutdown across the Midwest, because high corn prices made production uneconomic.
"What's difficult is that we see a drought happen today but people really are going to be feeling that six months from now, possibly a year from now," said Marie Brill, a policy analyst at ActionAid.
But she said it was already clear the reduced supply and high prices of corn and soybeans were set to cause serious hardship—especially among poor people in poor countries which depend on imported grain.
Countries that are net importers of corn could be hit the hardest, including South Korea, Japan, Peru, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Columbia. Much of East Africa will be badly affected, she said.
Even those African countries that produce their own corn will suffer because they are locked into the higher global prices, she said. West Africa is already in food crisis. "If supply is as awful as the US government is predicting we're going to see another round of high prices and another increase in hunger," Murphy said.

domain: economics


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(WTVM) - A video showing a man and a young girl engaged in a sex act is now the center of a multi-state sex crimes investigation.
But the video has police now across the country warning people they could face criminal charges if they share it on social media.
Alabama investigators received the explicit video earlier this week.
They believe it was filmed in Alabama but are still working to identify the people seen in the video and when it was filmed.
Social media users trying to help investigators have shared the video causing what's considered child pornography to go viral. Police want you to know, you should never forward or post videos of a sexual nature.
Any users who share the video could face criminal consequences.
U-S attorney for the Northern District says the F-B-I and Federal Prosecutors are working the case.
If you receive the message containing the video, law enforcement says to report it to the social media platform and local authorities. And again, do not forward or share the message.
WTVM received the same message today and immediately called Columbus police who are now investigating it as well.
"We do not allow the sharing of child exploitative images on Facebook or Messenger -- even to express outrage. Regardless of intention, sharing such imagery is harmful and illegal. When we become aware of such images, we remove them and notify the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. We urge people never to share such content and to report it to local authorities immediately." – facebook spokesperson

domain: sociology


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Summer Internship at the International Criminal Court at The Hague
In October 2015, South Africa blatantly disregarded the International Criminal Court’s arrest warrant against President of Sudan Omar al-Bashir. This open challenge to the ICC’s authority caused widespread debate over the effectiveness of the ICC and its continued place in public international law.
CGS Senator Malcolm Wallop ‘Conversations on Democracy’ Award
Observation and participation.
The internship will give Demic the opportunity to work first hand at the ICC for UW alumna Haydee Dijkstal and assess the importance of providing the international community a venue for attaining justice following Human Rights and Humanitarian Law violations through peaceful means.
Demic, David, "Summer Internship at the International Criminal Court at The Hague" (2016). CGS Student Awards 2016. 12.

domain: news


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Showing all 1 result
Contemporary and classic designs that perfectly highlight silhouette and create a spectacular effect.
Envisioned by expert craftsmanship and created in London, U.K.
Explore the exclusive Anomaly and Celestial pendant collection.
Modern and edge cutting experience with a story behind individual jewellery piece. The purpose of being one of a kind not only in product but also emotion with distinguished designs tailored to the individual needs. ZYDRUNE aims to create a luxury jewellery product that not only looks exclusive but also makes you feel the same way. It is the character, braveness and emotion blending together in an authentic and singular creation.


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Studio Piet Boon is an internationally renowned design studio, recognized for its multi-disciplinary design services and it’s remarkable talent of balancing functionality, aesthetics and individuality into one of a kind design experiences. Shifting boundaries and setting new standards.
Find out more about the participating brands in the Interior Club below.
Visit The Interior Club
Inspired by our participating brands and programme? We look forward to seeing you! Please register by clicking on the link below.Register now


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Antonie Laumet de La Mothe de Cadillac (March 5, 1658 - Oct. 15, 1730) was a French explorer, soldier, and leader. Cadillac founded the city of Detroit in 1701 and was the governor of the Louisiana Territory from 1710 to 1716 or 1717.
Cadillac sailed to Canada (from France) in 1683. In Canada, he fought the Iroquois Indians. He then lived in Maine. Cadillac became the commandant of the post of Mackinac (in what is now Michigan) from 1694 to 1697.
King Louis XIV of France allowed Cadillac to establish a fur trading post and fort in Fort-Pontchartrain du Detroit (now called Detroit). He arrived on canoe, accompanied by about 50 French soldiers, 50 settlers, and 2 priests. Cadillac was in charge of this outpost until 1710, when he was forced to move to the new, remote French colony of Louisiana (which then included the Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio Rivers and the nearby regions) to be its governor. Because he was so unpopular in this colony, he was soon recalled to France where he was sent to the Bastille prison. After his short stint in prison, he remained in France, never returning to North America.
The city of Cadillac (in Michigan, USA), Cadillac Mountain (in Maine, USA), and the Cadillac car (an upscale General Motors car produced since 1903) are all named for Antonie de Cadillac.


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We despise these posts like we hate reaching The End on any great crime story, and recently, we've had to say goodbye to three wonderful authors, masters of their genres, who deserve (even demand) our commemoration. Click the links for more about their lives and works.
Michael Palmer, doctor and writer of over twenty medical thrillers, who loved “
“whose complex, adrenaline-fueled military novels spawned a new genre of thrillers and made him one of the world’s best-known and best-selling authors…”
Robert Barnard, a Bronte and Christie aficionado who wrote more than forty crime novels and dozens of short stories and “was one of the leading exponents of the traditional English murder mystery…”
Thank you for your words.


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Dr. Patel's expertise in dentistry is coupled with an authentic concern for his patients and their long-term oral health. His focus is on prevention and minimally invasive dentistry.
"My teeth have never been cleaned with such care. I leave with pearly whites and no fuzz! Dr. Patel is very professional and patient with me and willing to answers any of my questions. He really cares for each individual. Thanks!"
- Soosan Silanee

domain: medical


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This outfitter has the exclusive access for those looking for an authentic and unique experience of both hunting and big game fishing (along with family excursions) in Mauritius. They offer packages including accommodations, hunting and big game fishing, as well as daily rates for both activities. The outfitter personally takes care of you from the moment of your arrival at the airport and for the duration of your stay. And he controls the two largest hunting areas on the island; one being 12,000 acres, and the other about 8,000 acres.
There are two types of hunting offered in Mauritius:
- The first is the driven hunt which comprises of approximately forty Mauritian hunters, a hundred hunting dogs, and around forty beaters. The hunt is then followed by the traditional lunch.
- The second is a Walk & Stalk hunt with rifle or bow and arrow. In both cases you will be personally guided and advised by our outfitter.
Two exceptional hunting grounds are utilized. The first, located in the West, is the largest of the island, with its 12,000 acres, and is reminiscent of the African Savannah. It contains about 10,000 rusa and lots of wild hogs.
The second area, to the East of the island, is the birthplace of the Rusa deer, which landed in Mauritius in the 17th century. Covering an area of 8,000 acres, this area produces the most beautiful trophies of the island thanks to its luxurious and abundant vegetation. It is thicker, and very forested and has about 4,000 Rusa deer and many wild hogs.
The Rusa deer available in Mauritius Island were re-introduced from Java island in 1639 by the Dutch people for the purpose of livestock. Only a few years after, a cyclone broke the fence and the animals returned to the wild. Since that time the Rusa deer population has exploded demographically, reaching nearly 60,000 animals, and has become an important part of the local wildlife.
Fully grown male Rusa deer weigh 150 – 180 Kg ( 330- 400 pounds). Like all the deer tribes, only the males have large well shaped horns. The norm is a three point per side rack. Horn sizes are normally 30’ to 34” but can reach to 36” plus. They are incredibly heavy and dense when one picks them up to hold them. The males use their horns during rut. The male loses its’ antlers in mid-December. They are fully regrown by late May. The deer’s horns due to their density and heft, means they are very dangerous for its rivals during a fight. The animal’s throat presents as an almost white, well-marked towel. The rut takes place from mid-July till the end of August.
The principal advantages of this species are their extraordinary sense of smell, sight and hearing and the perfect command it has in the forest. Being a very intelligent animal, hunting it becomes even more enthralling. It is also one of the most challenging deer species to hunt. All the hunters of the world who have been able to pursue it do agree on that point! And the mass, length and symmetry make for a beautiful mount.
The hunting season opens on June 1 and closes the end of November. The rut is typically mid-July to the end of September which is the best and most exciting time to hunt in Mauritius.
BIG GAME FISHING IN MAURITIUS: AN EXCEPTIONAL EXPERIENCE
Mauritius is internationally known as one of the best big game fishing destinations in the world. The king of the sea, the marlin, is the most sought-after and several world records have been obtained in Mauritian waters. Depending on the season, blue or black marlin, tuna, shark, Dorado, Wahoo and others await you. Deep sea fishing is one of the most exciting experiences to discover here, and is available throughout the year.
Their fleet consists of 38’ and 47’ offshore boats rigged with only the best fishing equipment including Penn International 2 X 130 Lbs, 2 X 80 Lbs, 3 X 50 Lbs, harness, bucket, gaffes, flying gaffes, Fighting chair and a large choice of lures.
Client Comments: “We were looking for a holiday location with warm water, colorful fish, good food and some hunting for myself. We booked a 10-day trip to the island of Mauritius. We had a sensational hotel with a beautiful beach, excellent food, found the island very interesting and very adaptable to our 5- and 7-year-old kids and had a marvelous time. I did hunt Rusa on walk and stalk and the outfitter guided me personally. We shot a great stag out of a herd of at least 25 stags after we passed on two other herd stags that he found not big enough. The handling of the trophy was good and I was able to take my trophy as skull mount home when we left. We also went on a fishing trip and I managed to land a Dorado and two Barracudas. We are very happy that we did this trip and we are grateful for the personal care and hospitality from start to finish. We highly recommend this adventure and outfitter and I am happy to refer my friends and clients.” Christian.
“Mauritius was my 35th hunting trip and it was one of the best. The hunt was a real experience in a paradise area. The game was very plentiful and hunting a great memory. Even the big game fishing for marlin and other species was very well. We caught Dorado, Tuna, Bonito, very successful. We had a great experience with whales and we are sure to fish again on our next visit with you. Mauritius is a dream. We came as guests and went as friends. We’ll be back.” Thomas & Berni from Germany / Bavaria.
Accommodations include your choice of 6 hotels and guest houses each with an exquisite setting and tropical views overlooking the pools, gardens and ocean.
There are very few venues around the world able to cater to all the varied needs of a family wanting both wilderness hunting and a luxury resort. But we’re delighted to reveal that we have uncovered one such place for you here on the Island of Mauitius!
2023 PRICES (subject to change without notice until deposit received; all prices in USD unless indicated)
HUNTING HOLIDAY PACKAGE FOR 1 HUNTER AND 1 NON-HUNTER
• 1 Gold Medal rusa deer up to 34”
• 7 nights’ accommodation for two adults sharing at hotel of their choice, including breakfast & dinner
• Spot & stalk hunt for 1 hunter
• Lunch and drinks on hunting days
• Rental of rifles, with scope and ammunition
• Exclusive use of the hunting grounds during your hunts
• Local hunting permits
• Field preparation of all trophies
• Airport and hunting transfers
• Additional hunting day: $550/hunter per day
• Additional game, as per price list
• Driven hunt, as per price list
• Big game fishing, as per price list
• Guided visit of the island: $250/day
$11,000* – 5 Star Hotel (best on the island)
$7,200* – 4 Star Hotel (just 50 rooms)
*Prices based on June to September dates. Rates increase from October to December.
Daily rate 550
1) Boar 500
2) Doe 350
3) Daguet – one year old deer 450
4) Trois Cornichons – Deer less than 15 ” 550
5) Premier Grand Bois – Deer between 15″ – 19 7/8″ 1050
6) Trophy stag from 20″ to 24 7/8″ 1800
7) Trophy stag from 25″ to 29 7/8” 2300
8) Trophy stag from 30″ to 34 2500
9) Trophy stag from 34 1/4″ to 35” 3600
10) Trophy stag from 35 1/4″ to 36″ 4450
11) Trophy stag from 36 1/4″ to 37″ 6300
12) Trophy stag from 37 1/4″ to 39″ 8500
* Trophies of over 35” are quite rare and special permission
must first be obtained from the land owner
A) Abnormal head on trophy stags: less 25%
B) Management rusa (Old bulls) 1100
BIG GAME FISHING RATES:
• Full Day (7 AM to 4 PM) – $890 per person
• Half Day (7 AM to 1 PM) – $720 per person
Prices include soft drinks and water on board. Lunch is $24/person.
EXCLUSIVE FLY FISHING ADVENTURE:
This fishing trip is on St Brandon islands (Mauritius). St Brandon is the most beautiful, untouched atoll in the world. It’s 100 nautical miles off the cost of Mauritius and up to very recently nobody outside of Mauritius had access to it. The fishing is extraordinary and ideal for fly fishing or any other kind or forms…
Soudan Banc Package for up to 6 People
• 3-day trip (1 full day fishing) – 12,000 Euros
• 5-day trip (2 full days fishing) – 14,000 Euros
• 7-day trip (3 full days fishing) – 15,000 Euros
St. Brandon Package for up to 6 People
• 10-day expedition (7 nights at St. Brandon) – 42,000 Euros
• Meet & greet at airport
• Airport transfers
• Use of luxurious 71-foot boat, including diesel, service of one skipper & 2 crew members, to the atoll & back
• Food & drinks (water, cold drinks & local beers)


Zero-Emissions Driving Systems – ZEDS
A system suitable for braking a vehicle avoiding the production of particulate matter and other pollutants, combining the efficiencies coming from an in-wheel electric motor with the potential of a magnetorheological brake. The physical behavior of both systems has been optimized to achieve braking process both safe and environmentally sustainable.
The invention consists of a combination of an in-wheel electric motor and a magnetorheological brake, to obtain an integrated driving system with zero emissions, both in traction and braking. The in-wheel electric motor allows the vehicle to be decelerated through regenerative braking, limiting the use of the combined magnetorheological braking system to extreme braking cases. Through its particular behavior under the effect of an applied magnetic field, the fluid is able to change its state from liquid to semi-solid. The characteristic of the fluid thus allows to obtain a braking torque sufficient to stop the vehicle without having an extreme reduction of torque at low speeds. The system has been sized to occupy a space limited to the width of the wheel disc, in order to be optimal for a modular and plug-and-play application. TRL: 2
- Passenger Vehicles;
- Motor vehicles;
- In-Wheel electric motors;
- Industrial Vehicles;
- Working machines.
- Avoiding pollutants generated by braking;
- Reduction of the braking time response;
- Efficiency optimization of the vehicle;
- Stability Safety systems easy to be implemented;
- Reduction of needed maintenance for the braking system.


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Work With Us
Our people are at the center of everything we do.
We are OneCurinos, here to take you further.
Welcome to Curinos
Roles and Opportunities
Discover the freedom, opportunity and support of the Curinos community to make a real impact in your career. We offer a balanced working environment and a culture based on partnership, trust and curiosity.
We believe strongly in the value of diversity and creating supporting, inclusive environments where our colleagues can thrive and succeed!
- Competitive Benefits
- Flexible Working Options
- Learning and Career Development
- Social, Networking and Affinity Group Events
- Employee Assistance and Wellness Programs


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Wednesday deadline for Trump to release tax returns isn't met, court filing increasingly likely
Democrats vow to pursue request for 6 years of information
The likelihood of a court fight over President Donald Trump's tax returns grew Wednesday when the U.S. Treasury Department said it would not meet a deadline set by Democratic legislators to provide them, and Trump himself stuck to his refusal to publicly release the documents.
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said the department hasn't decided whether to comply with a demand by a key House Democrat to deliver Trump's tax returns and would not meet a Wednesday deadline to provide them.
In a letter to House ways and means committee chairman Richard Neal, who asked for Trump's returns a week ago, Mnuchin said Treasury will consult with the Justice Department and "carefully" review the request further.
"The legal implications of this request could affect protections for all Americans against politically motivated disclosures of personal tax information, regardless of which party is in power," Mnuchin wrote.
He said Treasury respects lawmakers' oversight duties and would make sure taxpayer protections would be "scrupulously observed, consistent with my statutory responsibilities" as the department reviews the request.
Earlier Wednesday, Trump weighed in, telling reporters that he won't agree to release his returns while he is under audit.
Trump said, "I would love to give them, but I'm not going to do it while I'm under audit."
Internal Revenue Service commissioner Charles Rettig said in congressional testimony this week that there's no rule prohibiting taxpayers under audit from releasing their returns.
Neal asked the IRS last Wednesday to turn over six years of the president's tax returns within a week. Trump has broken with decades of presidential precedent by not voluntarily releasing his returns.
Trump's position has long been that he is under audit and therefore could not release his returns. But in recent weeks, he has added to the argument, saying publicly and privately that the American people elected him without seeing his taxes and would do so again.
"Remember, I got elected last time — the same exact issue," Trump said. "Frankly, the people don't care."
The president has told those close to him that the attempt to get his returns were an invasion of his privacy and a further example of the Democratic-led "witch hunt" — which he has called special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation — meant to damage him.
Trump has repeatedly asked aides about the status of the House request and has inquired about the "loyalty" of the top officials at the IRS, according to one outside adviser who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss private conversations.
Democrats want to review Trump's returns chiefly as part of their investigations into possible conflicts of interest posed by his continued ownership of extensive business interests even as he serves as president.
Democrats didn't expect the department to comply, but they haven't sketched out their next steps. Rep. Dan Kildee, speaking before Mnuchin's response was delivered, said it may take Neal a couple of days to issue his own response. House Democrats are at a party retreat in the Virginia suburbs of Washington.
'We intend to follow through'
Neal has adopted a methodical approach to seeking Trump's returns. He has the option of eventually seeking to subpoena the records or to go to court if Treasury does not comply, but it's not clear he'll adopt a more confrontational approach just yet.
Neal's initial letter, sent a week ago, didn't lay out any consequences for the IRS if it didn't comply, and a spokesperson said a likely course would be a second, more insistent letter.
"We intend to follow through with this," Neal said Wednesday. "I'll let you know fast."
The request for Trump's tax filings is but one of many oversight efforts launched by Democrats after taking back the House in last fall's midterm elections. Neal is relying on a 1920s-era law that says the IRS "shall furnish" any tax return requested by the chairmen of key House and Senate committees.
Republicans oppose release of the returns, arguing that it would politicize tax data. The returns of U.S. taxpayers are generally held as confidential by the IRS, which is part of the Treasury Department.
"There is a high likelihood this ends up in the courts, which is, in a way, unusual because typically when there's a request like this by Congress, the matter is settled more politically with a compromise," said Jessica Levinson, a professor at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles who specializes in political process law. "But in this case, both sides have really dug in."
Legal experts have said that little case law would be available to guide judges if Congress were to take the administration to court over the issue.
Mnuchin told lawmakers that his department will "follow the law," but he hasn't shared the department's interpretation of the statute.
The White House did not respond to questions as to whether the president asked Mnuchin or the IRS head to intervene. The president's outside attorney also did not respond to a request for comment.
With files from CBC News


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TORONTO — A heated debate that has divided the Law Society of Ontario for months is expected to continue Wednesday as the organization’s board of directors considers scrapping a rule that requires its members to spell out their commitment to promoting diversity.
The board is meeting in Toronto to discuss — and potentially vote on — a motion to repeal the rule that calls for lawyers to create and abide by a so-called “statement of principles” acknowledging their obligation to advocate for equality and inclusion.
tap here to see other videos from our team.
The measure was one of 13 recommendations issued in 2016 by an internal working group on tackling systemic racism in the legal profession.
But some argue the requirement goes too far and, earlier this year, a slate of candidates was elected to the board after campaigning on a promise to revoke it.
They argue the rule imposes values on lawyers and amounts to unconstitutional, compelled speech.


IZOD IndyCar Series points leader Will Power will look to capture his third win of the season in tomorrow's 100th running of the Indianapolis 500. Despite Power's success this year, the Australian born driver is not expected to emerge victorious at Indy. According to the latest Sports Betting Odds, that distinction goes to Scott Dixon, who is a 3 to 1 favorite to win his second Indianapolis 500. Power is presently listed at 8 to 1 odds to join auto racing's most priviledged group.
Will Power has dominated the IZOD IndyCar circuit this season, leading 157 of the 330 laps ran in route to a series leading 168 points. Power finished second to Dario Franchitti in the season's first race, but he has recording two wins since that run, including one at the Honda Indy Grand Prix of Alabama where he led all 90 laps.
Power, who is shooting for his first IndyCar Championship, also won the pole in the season's first four races, a streak that was broke this week at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
The 30 year old Power qualified fifth for tomorrow's race, which serves as his second best starting position in four career appearances at the event.
Despite the solid starting spot, Power seemed a bit uncomfortable with losing out on the pole.
"I have to say, we were probably caught a little bit unawares that the competition had become a lot tougher," Power said. "We're hoping our cars are good."
Power, who drives the No. 12 Verizon Honda for Team Penske, recorded his best finish at Indy in 2009 when he took fifth place. Last year Power started second but placed eighth.
Power will begin the 2011 Indianapolis 500 from the middle of Row Two between drivers Townsend Bell and Dan Wheldon. Power's teammates, four time Indy winner Helio Castroneves and fellow Aussie Ryan Briscoe, will start 16th and 26th respectively.
Canadian driver Alex Tagliani will have the pole when the green flag drops tomorrow at noon.
Scott Dixon +300
Dario Franchitti +400
Alex Tagliani +550
Will Power +800
Dan Wheldon +800
Helio Castroneves +1000
Oriol Servia +1200
Ryan Briscoe +1500
Townsend Bell +2000
Tony Kanaan +2000
Vitor Meira +2500
Danica Patrick +2500


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Lawns growing crazy.
Soil after this weeks rain, still wet. Grrrrrrr.
How to check - dig a 6-8 inch hole.
Grab a handful of soil. Squeeze the soil,
if it is gooie, it to wet.
If the soil crumbles, perfect of planting.
This week AM temps were pretty chilly.
Berries pushing to flower and leaf out.
Last years chard, kohlrabi,
beets still doing well.
Keep weeds under control, they
also are growing very well.
Bay laurel trees, blooming.
Daphne - very nice smell for spring.
Tulips = near budding.

domain: agronomy


2010 Ford Explorer 4x4, XLT, 4.0L, 55K miles. This is my wife’s vehicle and I noticed about a month ago that it was leaking gear oil (underneath the rear differential). The amount it’s leaking is very small. I changed the rear differential fluid (thinking it was going to be the differential case) but while I was underneath, it looked like the seal around the axle on the right side was leaking slightly and then dripping down to the differential’s lowest point. We’re going on vacation next week a couple hours away and I have a mechanic nearby to where we’re going to. I made an appointment to have him repair it next Monday. My question: Is the fluid that is leaking from (what I think is) the axle seal the gear oil from the rear differential ? I know it only holds 3.5 pints of 75Wx140 synthetic gear oil since I just replaced it. If it’s the same, would it probably be OK to possibly top it off (that is if it even needs fluid) and then drive ~2.5 hours ? As an FYI, when I did change the differential fluid, it didn’t seem low and the rear end isn’t making any whining noise or driving any different.
The fluid leaking at the axle seal is differential fluid.
The diff fluid flows down the axle tubes on the diff to lubricate the outer axle bearings.
It depends on the rate that the fluid leaks out on how far/long the vehicle can be driven.
Thanks very much Tester. I’m been keeping a careful eye on this and it was barely noticeable when I changed the fluid. I’ll check/top off if needed and then give it a shot on driving it to the mechanic. Thanks again.
If your rear axel is configured like my Ford 4x4 truck, it isn’t a huge job for a mechanic to pull the axel and replace the seal. Well, pulling the axel isn’t a huge job. I’ve never replaced that seal before. But it doesn’t look that difficult or time consuming. When I’ve had rear axel leaks, it has always been from the differential, for me the seal fails where the third member connects to the diff case. That one is a little more difficult to replace, but still isn’t that big of a job.
Some add’l advice, be sure to ask your mechanic to check that the vent is still open. If not the heat generated from driving can sometimes pop the axel seals.
What is an axel ?
The earth rotates on its axel, right? … lol . .
What is an axel ?
This is one of those things that can get expensive VERY fast. A seemingly little leak can get ugly faster than you think. As it leaks out things that should get lube won’t and it won’t take long before the bearings fail leaving you with a very expensive rebuild. The leak can ruin the brake pads or shoes on that wheel as well.
That axle seal is very cheap, $5 each and the labor to get to one is pretty close to the same as 2 so replace them both. It is an easy job but you need to drain and re-seal the cover and refill once new seals are installed.
Once the axle C clip is out it takes seconds to release the second one. Both axles comes out easily and the seal pops out with a puller and the new one goes in. Quick and easy. If one is leaking the second can’t be far behind. Don’t risk a $1500 axle rebuild on a $150-$200 seal replacement.
IF…you leak out enough fluid…
AND… you have a posi-trac, locking diff…
AND all you do is keep topping it off with 75w140 ?
You create a dilution factor , for lack of proper friction modifier, that will eat up you clutches .
fix the leak.
( then go skating and do a double axel. )
This has independent rear suspension, right?
Independent rear suspension since the 2003 redesign, the leak is about 3 feet away from the brake shoes. 1.3 hours to remove and reinstall each half shaft (no C clips).
I’m having a hard time visualizing how the rear drive unit of the vehicle is configured. It’s not a solid rear axle then?
Oohh IRS, not solid axle. I forgot Ford changed them over. Even more important to change the seal, less fluid. I thought that 3.5 PINTS was a mist-type for QUARTS. Bite that bullet and get it fixed.
Thanks for the photo post. Are those rear half-axles equipped with CV joints then? Sort of like front half-axles on a FWD car, only on the rear? CV’s configured as tri-pods on the inner, cages on the outer? U-joints?


Küsters Press Maintenance stop
Küsters Press Maintenance stop includes planning, coordination, and execution of the maintenance job.
- Documentation of maintenance stop.
- Minimum downtime.
- High quality execution.
- High safety on-site.
- Trouble-free start-up.
Küsters press requires maintenance after years of operation to maintain the high original quality of the press. We are your partner from initial planning to final follow-up and reporting of the maintenance job.
Extension of services
A standard maintenance job service includes:
- Detailed planning including manning & tools requirements.
- Coordination of execution.
- Execution of critical tasks.
- Rental of needed machines & tools.
- Start-up after a maintenance job.
- Follow-up meeting.
Examples of maintenance jobs:
- Renovation of components.
- Replacement of components and spare parts.
- Dismounting and mounting.
Our recommendations and time tables
- Recommended service interval: On-demand.
- Duration of on-site service: Depends on scope.
- Shutdown time: Depends on scope.
End product (MDF, PB, OSB, WHB)


Having struggled for cutting edge at Goodison Park in the Premier League, Al Hain-Cole can’t see the Toffees posing much threat to Guardiola’s men
Manchester City will be looking to open up a 10-point lead at the top of the Premier League table when they travel to Goodison Park to take on Everton on Wednesday.
Everton vs Manchester City Latest Odds
Having come out on top in each of the last five meetings with this opposition, City are favourites with bet365 to extend that run to 17 in a row.
Pep Guardiola’s men are seven points clear of neighbours Manchester United with a game in hand, having put together a record-breaking 16-match winning streak in all competitions.
The Blues need to start picking up points with the games they have in hand if they want to remain in European contention, but tonight’s opponents have looked in imperious form over the last couple of months. City sit seven points clear of second-placed United, and have a game in hand over their cross-town rivals.
Dominic Calvert-Lewin will miss his second straight game, but Allan is expected to play tonight. For the visitors, red-hot Ilkay Gundogan (January’s Player of the Month) is out injured but Kevin De Bruyne could return. Not a bad trade-off eh?
Pep Guardiola could be forgiven if his side are already looking ahead to the weekend (Arsenal) and then the Champions League (Borussia Moenchengladbach) beyond that, but with the incredible depth of talent in his squad, even a second XI would be enough to give Carlo Ancelotti’s side fits.
Everton vs Manchester City Team News
Dominic Calvert-Lewin and Jordan Pickford will hope to return after missing Sunday’s Fulham defeat, while James Rodriguez will be assessed after coming off injured in that clash and Fabian Delph and Jean-Philippe Gbamin are also doubtful.
Ruben Dias and Sergio Aguero are both in contention after making the bench for Saturday’s win over Tottenham and Ilkay Gundogan faces a late fitness test, although Nathan Ake, Fernandinho and Kevin De Bruyne remain sidelined.
The Italian manager will set his team in this crucial tie in 4-2-3-1 formation, as he would want to hit the opposition with a counter-attacking approach. Swedish goalkeeper Robin Olsen has to be the face once again between the sticks, and in front of him, Michael Keane and Mason Holgate will form the centre-back pair to bring stability.
Lucas Digne will be the familiar face on the left side of the defensive line, as his pace would be vital to create uncomfortable scenarios for the visitors. On the other side of the backline, Seamus Coleman could be the figure to hold the defensive unit in composed order to keep the opponents at bay.


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Pakistani Recipes in Urdu is a collection of traditional Pakistani recipes. Pakistani Recipes in Urdu is a collection of traditional and delicious Pakistani recipes to help you eat and cook Pakistani food. It caters for everyone and the taste and texture of the food complements the taste and texture of Pakistan, reflecting the traditions and culture associated with the country.
Some tourists have tried the world famous Pakistani food, they love tasty and delicious Pakistani food and want to taste Pakistani food. This app offers full variety of Pakistani food. We provide all Urdu recipes that you can understand in this app. The benefits of this program
Recipe suggestions in Urdu with easy-to-read and detailed instructions to share with friends. All photos are available to everyone. We always appreciate your work and efforts.
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Desserts Breakfast Desserts All the recipes in this easy-to-use cookbook are categorized so you can sort your recipes by style and ingredients. It has recipes
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Follow Mac and Windows recipes with quick instructions, use Amazon Alexa to add items to your shopping list in English, and easily import recipes from other apps into MasterCook’s Living Cookbow.


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Century Royal Hotel
- Ticket Price: Free
Century Royal Hotel - Review
Century Royal Hotel is situated in Sapporo-shi area, Japan.
If you are interested in going to Century Royal Hotel, Sapporo-shi, you will find the most important information about Century Royal Hotel,Sapporo-shi, like address, Opening and closing times of Century Royal Hotel, weather in Sapporo-shi when you visit information about tickets and availability and prices.
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Century Royal Hotel, Sapporo-shi Reviews
I stayed in a mini suite with a small living room and a bedroom with two twin beds. The living room has a window but not for the bedroom. The breakfast buffet is really good with salmon roe, sashimi, typical Japanese and western stuff, Hokkaido juices, salad, fruit, and even desserts! The location is awesome as it's just right next to the station and hotel staff speaks English well. The reason why I am giving three stars is that my room is a non-smoking room and there were strong smoke smell inside my room. If you don't mind about the smoke smell then it's 5 stars for you.
The hotel is very conveniently located, next to the Sapporo Station & Daimaru Department Store. I was in Hokkaido during the cold & snowy winter month. So it was good to be able to use the underground walkway getting from the hotel to Sapporo Station, Odori Park, Susukino, etc. The check-in process was a bit slow, & not all the reception staff can communicate well in English, so look for the one with an English speaker pin! We got a nice big room with great view of the city & mountain. The room was 40sqm, so planty of space to rest and relax after a long day out. We also got 2 options for breakfast ; traditional Japanese breakfast on the top floor or buffet breakfast on the ground floor ...we enjoyed both!
Good location. Just opposite to JR station and shopping malls. There is a Family Mart downstairs and a Starbucks next door. Japanese style breakfast was good. Western style buffet was full of people so I failed to try the so called top 4 breakfast in Japan.
Quite spacious room, clean with ranked 4 in Japan in breakfast buffet. Its near railways stations, taxis are easy to get. Earliest check in is 14:00
It's location nears Sapporo station. Good sound insulation and great verity of breakfast choice.
All QuestionsCentury royal hotel
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New Mix Music – Adele’s ‘Skyfall’ From The Upcoming James Bond Film
I'm a big Adele fan and even a bigger James Bond fan.
So today is sort of like my 'Holy Grail' day.
At 0:07 this morning, UK time, Adele premiered her latest song on her website. It's the theme from the upcoming Bond film, 'Skyfall.'
Skyfall will be the 23rd Bond film and the 3rd starring Daniel Craig.
I've got to give props to the marketing team, who gave this a lot of thought, because today also marks the 50th Anniversary of the first Bond film, 'Dr. No.'
There is already a buzz in the industry that Adele's song could be nominated for an Oscar. If that happens this would be the fourth Bond theme to do that.
Adele is backed by a 77-piece orchestra and has a chance to become only the second Bond theme to hit #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, following in the footsteps of Duran Duran's 'A View to a Kill' in 1985.
You will be hearing 'Skyfall' on Mix today during the hours of 8:00am, 12noon and 4:00pm (exact times will be posted on our Facebook page). We will also keep you updated on when it will be played over the weekend.
Here is where I am asking for your input. Because of my love for Adele and all things Bond I'm already biased. I've listened to the song ten times already since it was released. I want to know what you think of Adele's 'Skyfall.' Once you hear it on Mix today or over the weekend, I invite you to let me know if you 'Like it,' 'Love it' or 'Dislike it.' Just post your comments on our Facebook page.


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I'm a bad, bad blogger. Haven't been seen around here since May, but I have been posting every month at Grand Rapids Region Writer Group on my designated day, the 4th of the month. So maybe I'm only a bad blogger, rather than a bad, bad blogger. Such distinctions matter.
Side note: I just overheard my 7 year old tell my 12 year old that he poops like a girl. What level of insult is this?
Anyway, back to the writing life. My contemporary romances have been on hiatus the last few months as my alter ego has been busy writing and releasing erotic romances. I am still waiting to hear about my submission of Baltimore Heat to two publishers, and while I wait I am attempting to revise the story to fit the Harlequin SuperRomance imprint line. To do so, I need to cut 10K words, which might actually help the story as I've received feedback that the pacing slows down in some areas.
I will definitely be returning to The Billionaire's Pilot in the next few weeks as I must finish it before November 30 for the ROAR contest sponsored by GRRWG.
And I have a new job starting next month. I will be teaching English 101 at a local community college. Now I can help the next generation learn the proper location of commas and how to write in complete sentences. Should be interesting. I'm sure they will be teaching me a lot about the world from their perspective as well. Perhaps material for a new book will come out of it.


Recently confirmed Attorney General Jeff Sessions did not disclose two meetings with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak during the 2016 campaign, according to new reports.
On Thursday morning, Sessions revealed that he was ready to recuse himself from any and all investigations related to Russia if needed.
— Morning Joe (@Morning_Joe) March 2, 2017
Sessions denied meeting with “any Russian at any time to discuss any political campaign” and called the accusations “false.”
When asked whether or not he would recuse himself, Sessions said, “Well I’ve said that whenever it’s appropriate, I will recuse myself, no doubt about that.”
A growing number of congressional Republicans have called on Sessions to recuse himself:
AG Sessions should clarify his testimony and recuse himself
— Jason Chaffetz (@jasoninthehouse) March 2, 2017
A growing number of Democrats have pushed for stronger action, hoping that Sessions will step down.
Sen. Franken on AG Sessions: Would like him to answer questions and "then we can see if he should resign or not." https://t.co/TpVfBQQxMy
— MSNBC (@MSNBC) March 2, 2017
Similar actions lead to the early resignation of former National Security adviser Michael Flynn.
What did Jeff Sessions say?
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The Solidarity Committee is recommending support of union actions at Flatbush Gardens and the Boathouse Restaurant in Central Park
Locked out workers at Flatbush Gardens: SEIU 32BJ and the New York Central Labor Council have called a rally on Wednesday, August 31st at 5 PM to show support for 70 32BJ members at Flatbush Gardens who have been locked out of their jobs since November of 2010. Flatbush Gardens is a rental complex in Brooklyn. (NY Times Article) Don’t let Renaissance Equity Holdings, the complex’s management, undercut their workers’ bargaining with their lock out and force workers to accept wage cuts and slashed benefits. Download a flyer for the rally.
Striking workers in Central Park’s Boathouse: 60 employees of the Boathouse Restaurant in New York’s Central Park walked off the job when 37 of their co-workers were illegally terminated in retaliation for organizing a union. (NY Times Article) Boathouse workers began organizing in 2009 because of very low wages, stolen overtime pay, long hours, no benefits, unsafe conditions, rampant favoritism, sexual harassment, and ethnic discrimination. Now they are walking the picket line to stand up to their management’s threats and intimidation. The Boathouse Restaurant is run by an independent contractor, but owned by the City. Please send a message to the Parks Commissioner urging him to cancel the City’s contract with this anti-union employer.


Democrats cannot technically stop Republicans from defunding Planned Parenthood in an upcoming reconciliation bill, but they are going to do everything they can to make it very uncomfortable for Republicans to go through with it.
On Thursday, Senate Democrats didn’t waste any time holding a press conference to lambast their colleagues for using reconciliation– the vehicle to repeal Obamacare– to defund Planned Parenthood.
“This is the first shot in what is going to be a battle leading into reconciliation,” said Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ). “Frankly, what I am going to be doing every single day now leading into reconciliation is trying to wake up the conscious of other folks. … This cannot be allowed to happen. Too many people will suffer.”
Paul Ryan’s announcement that defunding Planned Parenthood would be part of the reconciliation bill came earlier Thursday. Because reconciliation bills only require a simple majority in the Senate to pass, Democrats don’t have much leverage unless they can convince Republicans to vote against their leaders.
“The only way you stop it is by fighting back,” Sen. Patty Murray (D-WA) told TPM. “And that’s what we’re going to do. Look, I was surprised that in the middle of them talking about the budget reconciliation, all the nominations, everything they’re also doing, they thought they could just slip this in and we wouldn’t notice it. Clearly this has been on their agenda to do. Pence came over yesterday. I don’t know what happened there, but we’re telling them ‘I don’t care when you announce it, we’re fighting back.'”
It was still unclear if Senate Republicans– especially Senate Republican women who have expressed concerns about defunding Planned Parenthood in the past– would go along with House Republicans’ plan.
“I know that Republican women here don’t want their party to be known as the party that takes away a woman’s ability to make their own health care choices,” Murray said.
HELP Committee Chairman Lamar Alexander (R-TN) said that he wasn’t sure if Planned Parenthood would be included in the Senate Obamacare repeal measure when he was asked about it earlier in the day.
“Well, let’s see. We’re still writing [the legislation],” he said.


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Employee satisfaction in the it industry
Effects of organizational work conditions on employee job satisfaction in the hotel industry in kenya assess the effects of organizational work conditions on. Despite long hours and tight budgets, our employment survey shows that it professionals' involvement in solving technology challenges leads to it job satisfaction. International journal of human resource studies issn 2162-3058 2014, vol 4, no 2 97 wwwmacrothinkorg/ijhrs factors affecting employee satisfaction of the public. Abstractthe purpose of this study is to explore the link between job satisfaction and organisational performance and to determine if there is an empirically provable. It's time to rethink the concept of employee engagement impacted their productivity in the steel industry and job satisfaction in real. Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and comparing them to industry averages gives good job satisfaction is the favorableness or un. Employee satisfaction is one way to assess whether your team is happy and engaged at work empowering employees, offering above industry-average benefits and. Emerging employee retention strategies in it emerging employee retention strategies in it industry that were given regarding job satisfaction.
There are some great business benefits if you increase employee job satisfaction if you manage to increase employee job satisfaction it is not only going to. Before you can improve employee satisfaction and employee engagement, you need to know what to improve these survey results tell you what to work on. Unlv theses, dissertations, professional papers, and capstones spring 2010 how corporate social responsibility influences employee job satisfaction in the hotel industry. Job satisfaction and employee performance within the telecommunication industry in kenya: a case of airtel kenya limited by stella achieng’ odembo.
Employee satisfaction surveys are designed to help you get valuable feedback find out if your employees are happy and engaged. 2 executive summary there continues to be a lot of confusion in the hr industry around employee satisfaction and employee engagement hr professionals have long. Employee job satisfaction in software and ites units in bangalore industry employees at job satisfaction is a result of employee’s perception of how. A study of employee satisfaction and its effects toward loyalty in hotel industry iv acknowledgement we would like to sincerely appreciate to the individuals who give.
Nedeljkovic, m, o hadzic, and s cerovic 2012 organizational changes and job satisfaction in the hospitality industry in serbia utms journal of economics 3 (2. Employee survey results based on industry benchmarks weaken the the industry averages are lower on every single employee satisfaction vs employee engagement. Studies show that productivity increases when employees can step away from work and get a mental break after all increasing employee satisfaction.
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Employee satisfaction in the it industry
A comparison of employee job satisfaction in the service industry: do cultural and spirituality influences matter sally sledge norfolk state university. Benefits of employee empowerment for service quality and job satisfaction in the hospitality industry bachelor thesis for obtaining the degree.
- Employee engagement drives customer satisfaction that employee satisfaction is an important prerequisite to employee benchmark against your industry.
- Employee satisfaction is a reliable predictor of employee retention when employers engage in practices that support good working relationships, employee satisfaction.
- The influence of rewards and job satisfaction on employees in the service industry shagufta sarwar and james abugre swansea university, wales, uk.
- Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction has data set analyzed showed that most of the employees in indian industry are not satisfied with their job except.
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1a project study report on employee satisfaction in education industry submitted in partial fulfillment for the award o. Measure your employees’ engagement against industry standards get our benchmark report and the employee engagement survey template employee satisfaction surveys. 2016 employee job satisfaction service—people insight—and find out the satisfaction and engagement levels of your workforce benchmarked against industry.

domain: literature


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Pubs running dry as driver shortage hits supply chain
Publicans fear the country will run out of drinks this weekend as companies continue to struggle with supply chain problems.
A lack of lorry drivers and warehouse operatives has left many companies finding it difficult to maintain a regular schedule of deliveries.
Even in areas where pubs are still receiving barrels, bottles and cans they are often finding only part of their order is being fulfilled. Some have seen their deliveries cut to just one per week.
A further problem is in getting the carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas needed for draught beers and soft drinks. The delivery of the gas canisters is also causing a headache.
The Scottish Licensed Trade Association (SLTA) said many of its members were running low on stock.


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Colombia is frequently referred to as the “oldest democracy in Latin America.” It’s now on the well-worn path towards dictatorship, with the help of $1.3 billion in military aid from the Clinton Administration.
Our own Senator Patty Murray recently defended the Colombia aid bill in a letter to constituents who had asked her to vote against the aid package. “While I support efforts to end the production of drugs in Colombia,” she wrote, “I believe the Congress must be absolutely certain U.S. assistance is not used to assist the Colombian military in the execution of its civil war, or allocated to units guilty of human rights violations. As a member of the Foreign Operations Subcommittee, I voted to place extensive conditions on funding in the Senate Appropriations Committee version of the Foreign Operations bill.”
Sen. Murray obviously, naively believes that such “extensive conditions” matter to the Clinton Administration. In fact, on August 22, Bill Clinton signed a waiver to release the first disbursement of funds from the aid package, even though the Colombian government has met only one of the seven human rights conditions set by Congress. That one condition was a simple written statement issued by Colombian President Andres Pastrana that military personnel accused of human rights abuses would be tried in civilian courts. In short, Clinton released the funds on Pastrana’s say-so.
The Clinton Administration also cites the “good faith” effort that Pastrana has made to extradite drug traffickers to the U.S. for trial. This is supposed to be indicative of both Pastrana’s sincerity in pursuing the drug war and the efficiency of Colombia’s “reformed” military. In fact, only three drug traffickers have been extradited in the three years since the extradition treaty was signed, and the most recent to be shipped to the U.S. was Alberto Orlandez, who has been sitting in a Colombian jail since 1998.
Sen. Murray is eager to assure us that she’s concerned about U.S. money being used to pursue the Colombian civil war or to commit human rights atrocities by the Colombian military. Notably, she avoids mentioning the right-wing paramilitary death squads, supported by the Colombian military and rich landowners, who commit the bulk of civilian murders in Colombia and who are inextricably linked to drug trafficking. This is called “plausible deniability”–as long as the Clinton Administration and its uncritical supporters in Congress can deny that the military and paramilitaries are linked, then there’s no problem.
But the evidence is quite clear. The worst massacre in Colombia this year–in El Salado–was committed by a large paramilitary group over the course of three gruesome days, while a Colombian military unit blockaded the roads to and from the town, refusing to let human rights workers in to stop the violence. The military later claimed that paramilitaries were fighting FARC rebels in the area and that civilians couldn’t enter for safety reasons. However, eyewitnesses and victims of the El Salado massacre tell a different story.
During the massacre, relatives of the victims fled to a nearby military garrison and demanded that they intervene to stop the bloodshed. “We made a scandal and nearly caused a riot, we were so insistent,” one man said. “But they did nothing to help us.” [“Colombians Tell of Massacre, as Army Stood By,” New York Times, 7/14/00.] The senior military officer in the region, Col. Rodrigo Quinones, was promoted to the rank of general afterwards. In the early ’90s, Quinones was director of Naval Intelligence, where he organized a major paramilitary network that murdered more than 57 trade unionists, human rights workers, and opposition politicians. These are the people who will receive the U.S. aid money.
While it’s a state secret in the U.S., the European press extensively reports paramilitary links to the Colombian military. Take, for example, Carlos Castano, a major paramilitary leader, who has strong links to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency. In mid-August Castano spoke on Colombian national television, describing a meeting he had with DEA agents about obtaining funds and training from the U.S. Colombian aid package. One of Castano’s translators, who has attended meetings between Castano, the DEA, and drug traffickers, said that the DEA agents were setting up future meetings between Castano and U.S. Army officials, people from the Department of State, and a series of politicians. [“Europe urged to withhold support” Ana Carrigan, The Irish Times, 8/24/00.]
Castano has an interesting history. He was a hit man for the Pablo Escobar, head of the Cali drug cartel. Recruited by the CIA, he worked with Colombian police to capture Escobar. Afterwards, he set up a right-wing death squad and worked under contract to the Colombian army to murder labor union members and left-wing politicians. In the 1990s, he took his army paycheck and founded his own paramilitary group, which now controls a large swath of northern Colombia and feeds on proceeds from drug trafficking and the occasional military handout. Says Ana Carrigan of the Irish Times: “Today Castano is in a process of metamorphosis, from psychopathic gangster to political icon. In the last two years he has unified the disparate, autonomous, regional paramilitaries into a national force of some 10,000 men in uniform. Under his leadership, this army provides the muscle for a shadowy, fascist political movement, whose civilian leadership is invisible though its goals are not: first to close down the peace talks between the government and FARC; then, to provide a launching pad for a military-civilian ‘national unity government.'” In other words, a military dictatorship.
This is the type of man who will benefit from “Plan Colombia,” as the aid package is called. The funds will buy 18 Black Hawk helicopters, 42 Huey helicopters, and training and equipment for the Colombian military. It will end up in the hands of men like Quinones, who will funnel it to men like Castano.
A portion of the funds is earmarked for humanitarian aid, but last week over 100 Colombian NGOs–the very groups targeted to receive that aid–refused it on the grounds that it would only make the civil war worse, and that it would turn them into targets of the FARC. In addition, they all refused to ever accept money from the U.S. government, as a matter of principle. Clearly, they know (even if Sen. Murray doesn’t) who is responsible for aiding the current Colombian government and the Colombian military (and, therefore, the paramilitaries).
Pres. Clinton will be traveling to Colombia on August 30 to unveil Plan Colombia. He’ll be met with protests from Colombian human rights, environmental, indigenous, and social justice groups. The International Action Center (IAC), a groups of activists opposed to Plan Colombia, have helped organize protests in New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Atlanta, Detroit, San Diego, Montreal, Toronto, Stockholm, London, Rome, Vienna, Buenos Aires, and other cities. The IAC can be contacted at 212-633-6646, via e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.org, or on the Web at http://www.iacenter.org.
Other sources for this article include: “Colombian Groups Say U.S. Aid Endangers Them,” Washington Post, 8/23/00; “Clinton Clears Aid Package for Colombia,” Washington Post, 8/23/00; “Leaders Debate Colombia Aid,” Reuters, 8/14/00; and “Albright Fails to Rally Brazil on Colombia Drug War,” Reuters, 8/16/00.

domain: politics