text:
Research supported by the U.K. Overseas Development
Administration and the U.K. Department of the Environment Darwin
The Australian tree Pittosporum undulatum Vent. was introduced to the Blue Mountains of Jamaica in 1883.
Sixty-six years later this bird-dispersed tree had become “perhaps the commonest tree” in secondary forest
around the Cinchona Botanic Gardens, its place of introduction (Bengry & Serrant 1949). Previous research
projects have identified its competitive success against native tree species (Healey 1990) and the low density
and species richness of native vegetation beneath dense stands of the alien (Goodland 1990). The density of
created by Hurricane Gilbert in 1988 (Bellingham 1993), and the species has now spread throughout at least
1,300 ha of primary and secondary montane forest (Healey & Goodland 1995). We have estimated that the
area of the potential range of the species in the Blue Mountains could be as high as 44,000 hectares (Goodland
& Healey 1996), seriously threatening the high biodiversity of the mountain range. There are about 275 species
of flowering plants in the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park endemic to Jamaica (Grubb & Tanner
1976, Bellingham 1993, Muchoney et al. 1994).
These facts have led to concern amongst many scientists that the spread of P. undulatum in the Blue Mountains
may lead to the competitive exclusion of many native plant species. The former Park Manager considered the
need for reliable information about the impact of the invasion to be one of the highest priorities for the national
park (D. Lee, pers. comm., 1991). This is because past work had not provided sufficient evidence of the
severity of the threat to convince donor agencies of the need to provide necessary funds for a control
programme, or to form the basis for a management plan when funding is available.
This report, therefore, investigates the effects of P. undulatum on the native plant biodiversity of forests of the
Blue Mountains. Given sufficient time (and without man’s intervention) it seems probable that all the montane
forests of the Blue Mountains would become invaded by P. undulatum. The lower altitudinal limit of P.
below 1000 m has been cleared in the last two centuries or so. The report deals only briefly with “time-
dependent” issues, (such as the current extent of P. undulatum, the rate of spread, population changes in
permanent sample plots, possible limiting factors to its range), or the ability of P. undulatum to grow outside the
forest (on deforested slopes or landslides), subjects dealt with in Goodland & Healey (1996). It concentrates on
the immediate and long-term effects of the introduced species once it has already arrived at a site, a small area
of forest such as a permanent sample plot.
Possible effects on other aspects of the ecology of the Blue Mountains (non-vascular plants, animals, the
nutrient and hydrological cycles), and on humans, were considered in Goodland & Healey (1996).
The factors that determine the effect of P. undulatum on native plants in the Blue Mountains can be broken
down into the rate of dispersal, the ability of the species to capture land and resources once it arrives at a site
(its competitve ability) and its persistence (whether it is eventually replaced by other species at the site).
The main factors that control the rate of dispersal of P. undulatum are shown in the figure below. In summary:
P. undulatum was introduced to the Cinchona Botanic Gardens in 1883
the species may have been planted by man outside the gardens
in the few decades after introduction most of the land around Cinchona which had been under coffee and
P. undulatum juveniles start to produce seed when about 5-6 years old
seed production is high, a regression relationship between DBH and seed production in 1992 giving a mean of
seed production has been at least fairly high for every year from 1992 to 1996
there are at least six common native bird species that eat and presumably disperse P. undulatum seeds
vegetative spread, through mechanisms such as suckering or layering, are not important to the rate of invasion
the species is able to establish itself in all habitat types in the western Blue Mountains, though with difficulty in very
undisturbed forest, in Mor Ridge forest or on landslides
Hurricane Gilbert in particular and probably hurricanes in general have played a major role in facilitating the
Ability to establish
Number of seeds
This report will focus on the competitive suppression by P. undulatum of native plant species, as the
competition for light and below-ground resources are the most obvious mechanisms by which P. undulatum may
affect native species. P. undulatum trees have a dense crown, so shade probably accounts for a large part of the
suppressive effect of the species (though we cannot determine to what extent the dense canopy has its effect
because of a reduction in light or a probable reduction in throughfall). We have some evidence that the below-
ground competitive ability of P. undulatum is high in comparison with the native species, though we have no
assessment of the persistence of P. undulatum in the Discussion chapter at the end.
There are several other possible mechanisms by which P. undulatum may affect native plant species, briefly
discussed below, though little is known about many of these.
1. Allelopathy. Allelopathy has been suggested as a factor depressing the number of native seedlings
beneath scattered P. undulatum trees in the Blue Mountains where the light levels would have indicated a
higher seedling density (J. Dalling, pers. comm., 1991). In Australia, Gleadow and Ashton (1981) found that
leachates from P. undulatum leaves appeared to inhibit the germination (expressed as a percentage of
control) of several Eucalyptus species; for example, germination of E. obliqua, E. melliodora and E.
gonocalyx was 47.1, 8.1 and 48.3% of untreated seeds. However, they stated that no inhibitory effects,
other than that expected from deep shade, have been shown under canopies in the field. In South Africa,
Richardson & Brink (1985) found no seedlings of P. undulatum or native species beneath established P.
undulatum trees and thought that this was due to an allelopathic effect from P. undulatum foliage.
2. P. undulatum trees as a habitat. The greatest effect that P. undulatum may have as a different habitat to
plants, independent from the density of its foliage. A large proportion of the non-woody plant species in the
Blue Mountains are epiphytic (P.J. Bellingham, pers. comm., 1994), but the effect of P. undulatum on
epiphytes was not specifically addressed in the study, mainly because of the great difficulty of seeing
through dense canopies of P. undulatum trees. Our observations and data collected by Mitchell (1989)
suggest that the numbers of epiphytes are much reduced both in the crowns of P. undulatum trees in
comparison with native trees of similar size and on native species beneath dense P. undulatum canopies.
This could be due to many factors such as reduced light levels and rain throughfall, the upright growth habit,
different branch arrangement and bark characteristics of P. undulatum trees, allelopathic leachates from P.
undulatum foliage and the faster growth rate of P. undulatum trees (hence less time for establishment).
3. Effects on animals. The most obvious example of the effect of P. undulatum on a native plant caused
native plants. If P. undulatum is relatively successful in attracting pollinators and dispersers, and if those
tree species that are less attractive are neglected as a consequence, these native species could find their
regeneration threatened. These indirect effects could be very important, but they are hard to determine.
Conversely, as native trees become isolated in heavily invaded forest, their predation by native, co-evolved
pests and pathogens is likely to decline as they become harder to find.
4. Effects on susceptibility of native species to windthrow. Another possible mechanism by which P.
their vulnerability to windthrow. Studies of the impact of Hurricane Gilbert show that hurricanes play a major
role in the forest dynamics of the Blue Mountains. Also, P. undulatum trees do not get covered with lianes
as frequently as native species (though this could be because most climber species seem to be restricted to
primary and therefore less invaded forest), so would not pull down other trees when blown down, (though we
have no evidence as to the importance of this phenomenon in the Blue Mountains).
5. Change in disturbance regime. As it is likely that P. undulatum trees are blown over at a smaller size than
hurricanes, a high proportion of the area in gaps. Because of the sparse understorey beneath dense P.
species, such as Bocconia frutescens and Brunellia comocladiifolia, (as well as alien weeds like P. undulatum
and Polygonum chinense) may benefit.
The report has two main chapters. The first examines the direct evidence for the effects of P. undulatum. The
only way to do this is examine differences in the performance of native species with varying amounts of P.
undulatum. We have tried three approaches:
1. Correlation between the dominance of P. undulatum and native vegetation in many plots at one point in
2. Correlation between the change in dominance of P. undulatum and native vegetation through time, in a
3. Experimental removal of P. undulatum.
We have not tried the fourth possibility, the experimental addition of P. undulatum, because of time, and ethical,
The second chapter considers the reasons for any competitive effects, though our understanding of causal
mechanisms are not well advanced, and are partly conjecture. The project has not had the explicit objective of
discovering the causes for any effects P. undulatum may be having. Despite this, data and observations
collected from the Blue Mountains, together with information from other invasions, have been enough to
provide strong indications on the underlying mechanisms.
We examine likely reasons for the competitive success and hence supression by P. undulatum of native
species in three categories, in each case comparing P. undulatum with native species. These three categories
are not true causes, in the sense that they themselves are the result of more underlying physiological or
ecological mechanisms. We have discovered many facts about the biology of P. undulatum necessary to an
understanding of its success without (mainly through time constraints) being able to find out similar information
for native species - aspects such as age to reproductive maturity, seed production per individual. Full
information on P. undulatum is given in Goodland & Healey (1996). In this report we focus on those important
aspects of the invasion for which we have information on native species as well as P. undulatum. This list of
questions and subsequent analyses are not intended to be comprehensive, but only to address the more
1. Growth rate of individuals. How fast do P. undulatum individuals grow?
2. Growth form of individuals. What is the growth form of P. undulatum individuals? How large do P.
undulatum trees get?
3. Population density. What is the survival rate of P. undulatum juveniles? How dense can P. undulatum
The results from the two main chapters are discussed in the last chapter.
A full list of all woody species occurring in the Blue Mountains permanent sample plots, together with the 6-
letter codes used in some figures, is given in an appendix.
The most important direct evidence for the effects of P. undulatum on native plants come from two removal
experiments established in forest near Cinchona (the place of introduction). More data and analyses are
presently available from the first of these, Heavily Invaded Forest Experiment - its methods are described in
detail in Healey et al. (1992), only briefly here. The second removal experiment, the Slightly Invaded Forest
Experiment, is described fully, although the experiment is still at an early stage.
a sparse and depauperate understorey. To understand the effect P. undulatum is having on the native
vegetation it is necessary to experimentally remove it. It is not sufficient to rely on simple correlations between
P. undulatum dominance and the native vegetation alone, as P. undulatum might be largely restricted to
unstable and often human disturbed forests, which may naturally have an understorey of low diversity. A
removal experiment was established in forests with a range of degrees of invasion in the western end of the
Blue Mountains during the latter half of 1991.
The questions concerned with the effect of P. undulatum that HIFE was designed to answer are:
1. How close is the apparent correlation between P. undulatum dominance and the recruitment, survival and
growth of native vegetation?
2. Will there be a decline in the dominance of native species between the first and subsequent enumerations in
the Undisturbed control treatment?
3. After P. undulatum removal, to what extent will the diversity and density of native species in the understorey
4. What is the relative effect of P. undulatum trees and P. undulatum seedlings on native vegetation?
A randomised block design was used, with five blocks, five plots within each block and four treatments. Each
block contained two replicates of the undisturbed control and one of the other three treatments. The design was
partially orthogonal. Each plot was 12
12 metres, surrounded by a 9 m guard area (giving a 30
30 m treatment
area). Twenty 1
1 m sub-plots were randomly selected within each plot. Woody plants over 3 m tall were
12 m plot, those less than 3m, in the twenty 1 m
sub-plots. Each individual was
identified to species level wherever possible and labelled with an aluminium identification tag. There were four
1. Undisturbed Control (UC). No treatment.
2. Remove P. undulatum Trees (RPT). P. undulatum trees (plants >3m) were cut, the stumps were not treated
with a herbicide, but the resprouts were removed three times after cutting in an attempt to kill them.
3. Remove all P. undulatum (RAP). All P. undulatum seedlings over 50 cm tall were killed (pulled up whenever
possible) in the 30
30 m treatment area and all other P. undulatum seedlings were killed within the central
14 m area (ie. at least 2 m from the nearest sub-plots). All P. undulatum recruits in all the sub-plots have
4. Remove Equivalent Native Trees (RENT). In this treatment native trees were removed until the same total
GBH was removed as that of P. undulatum in the RPT treatment in that block.
Pre-treatment enumeration (t0)
Trees and seedlings
Imposition of treatments
First post-treatment enumeration (t1)
Second post-treatment enumeration (t2)
Full enumeration of trees
Slightly Invaded Forest Experiment
The Heavily Invaded Forest Experiment is providing valuable information on the effects of P. undulatum on
native vegetation. However, HIFE has a major limitation in its ability to provide proof of the effects of P.
undulatum in that, by necessity, it was carried out in highly disturbed secondary forest in which P. undulatum is
abundant, (P. undulatum probably regenerates after near total clearance, cultivation and then abandonment) -
the prime objective of the experiment had been to provide information on the management of P. undulatum in
heavily invaded forest. Another characteristic of this secondary forest on the southern slopes of the mountain
range is that it has a lower species diversity than primary and old secondary forest (T. Goodland, unpublished
data). Therefore the capacity of native species to respond to the removal of P. undulatum is, as expected,
limited. The primary factor is likely to be a lack of propagules, as there are no nearby potential seed parent
trees of many species that would be expected to occur in primary forest on such sites. In addition, there may be
characteristics of the soil in such secondary forest that limit the capacity of native species to colonize (Dalling
(1992) studied the extreme case of landslides where all top soil had been lost from much of their surface).
However, we have no evidence that the soil conditions in the HIFE plots do limit the establishment of native
species that would occur in primary forest in these sites.
The only way to objectively determine the effect that P. undulatum has is to follow the whole invasion process in
permanent plots, paired with plots in comparable forest from which P. undulatum is removed as a seedling or
small tree. Therefore during June to September 1994 we established a second removal experiment. The
experiment had the specific objective of investigating the effect of P. undulatum on native plants and so was set
up in diverse primary forest only slightly invaded by P. undulatum. It is called the Slightly Invaded Forest
The long-term objectives of SIFE are to investigate the following:
Performance (recruitment, growth and survival) of P. undulatum and native species in gaps and understorey
Relationship between P. undulatum seedling performance and distance to the nearest mature P. undulatum
tree (for which an assessment of the fecundity, and position relative to the plot, of all P. undulatum trees in
the treatment area or vicinity will be made)
Micro-site distribution of P. undulatum and common native seedlings; to what extent is the distribution
Effect of P. undulatum on the native community
Performance of native tree seedlings, either by plot level correlations or by proximity to individual P.
Growth form (eg. degree of branchiness, leaf area) of those native species able to grow in both treatments
Distribution of herbs, climbers, epiphytes, and non-vascular plants
Effect of P. undulatum on community level productivity
Community productivity, in terms of basal area increment, biomass increment (perhaps by means of limited
Soil chemistry and nutrient status
Effect of P. undulatum on forest microclimate and hydrology, e.g. throughfall, stemflow, soil moisture
Light regimes, as characterised by hemispherical photographs, and/or PAR quantum sensors


text:
Tuesday, November 21, 2023
Duke of Sussex Prince Harry and other senior members of the Invictus Games Foundation inspected the preparations for the upcoming Invictus Games 2025 in Canada.
The Invictus Games Vancouver Whistler shared Prince Harry’s photos with the senior members on its official X, formerly Twitter handle, saying, “We are honoured to host senior members of the Invictus Games Foundation including Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex in Vancouver and Whistler this week to visit venues as we focus on delivering the first-ever winter sports program at the Invictus Games Vancouver Whistler 2025.”
Reacting to it, the Invictus Games Foundation commented, “We are delighted to be joined by our Patron in Canada to observe the preparations for the upcoming winter-hybrid @InvictusGames25.”
Earlier, Harry and Meghan Markle arrived in Canada ahead of the next Invictus Games, which will be held in Vancouver and Whistler in 2025.
The royal couple also made a surprise appearance at the Vancouver Canucks hockey game on Monday night.

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text:
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I work with TerraSAR-X image, I need the slant range distance for each pixel of image.
In Tie-Point Grids part, we have slant-range-time product.
I think that I can calculate slant range distance with this equation using slant-range-time product:
slant range distance= slant-range-time * speed of light / 2
speed of light: 299 792 458 m / s
my opinion is right?


text:
Andressian Sr. was detained but later released on lack of evidence. At the emotional sentencing in Los Angeles County Superior Court, the boy's mother confronted Andressian through tears - and wished him an eternity of pain. "That was the day two detectives came knocking on my door late at night to inform me that my son's lifeless body was found in a wooded area on some random hillside", Estevez said in court.
This afternoon, GSOC confirmed that an "official Garda firearm was discharged" during the incident. "A GSOC team has been deployed to the scene". A source said an off-duty officer, believed to be attached to a unit at Garda Headquarters, tackled a group of up to three people.
The apps themselves also managed to be downloaded over 100 million times from the Google Play Store as many of them fell into popular categories such as weather, health and fitness, travel and games. In addition, the SDK also forcibly downloaded and ran code contained in large encrypted files. So far, the plug-ins found by Lookout have exfiltrated users' phone call logs.
The Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association and the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism also signed on to the statement . "We have concluded that President Trump's statements during and after the tragic events in Charlottesville are so lacking in moral leadership and empathy for the victims of racial and religious hatred that we can not organize such a call this year", the rabbis wrote in a statement".
He served as a New Jersey Assemblyman from 2006 to 2008, when he left for a seat in the state Senate. Whelan was an effective legislator and an untiring advocate for Atlantic City, said Senate President Steve Sweeney. "Frankly I wasn't sad to see Donald go", Whelan then said in a voice-over as headlines of Trump's casino bankruptcies appeared on the screen. Gov.
Aucoin, who commands the Navy's 7th Fleet, had been slated to retire in a month, so the move shows the Navy's deep concern and fury about the recent spate of crashes . The official said it was unclear why the crew couldn't use the ship's backup steering systems to maintain control. Family members of Logan Palmer, an interior communications electrician petty officer 3rd class who was from IL, said in a statement released by the Navy that they, too, were awaiting "word from the Navy on our ...
A seguito dello scontro con un camion , un'automobilista è deceduta. I sanitari del Suem, giunti sul posto a stretto giro di posta, hanno potuto solo constatarne il decesso, prendendo in carico gli altri due feriti. I pompieri di Mestre e Treviso sono intervenuti anche con l'autogru. Durante le operazioni la circolazione è rimasta bloccata. Si registra anche l'intervento della polizia stradale, cui è spettato il compito di effettuare i primi rilievi, nonché del personale ausiliario ...
As of this writing, Plame Wilson has raised about $10,000. As Wilson points out, Trump has used the social media platform to promote white supremacists and fuel hate against minorities for years, even before he became President. "Some people may think Americans can afford to "take him seriously, not literally", but after many years working as a Central Intelligence Agency operative, I can tell you that no other government on the planet has that luxury", she wrote.
E ha chiamato la sua ex - proprio lei, la donna perseguitata insieme alla madre - per sbeffeggiarla. L'uomo, che aveva dei precedenti per atti persecutori, risalenti a giugno e ai giorni precedenti , era stato arrestato dalla polizia una prima volta quel giorno.
Environmental conditions are conducive for development, and a tropical depression or tropical storm is very likely to form today or tonight while the low moves northwestward at about 10 miles per hour across the western Gulf of Mexico, possibly reaching the northwestern Gulf coast late Friday.
Only about 50 per cent of Haitians are granted asylum in Canada. "Trying to cross the border in an irregular fashion is not a free ticket to Canada", Goodale said, repeating a message the Liberal government has been trying to get across to potential asylum seekers.
A Gentleman also features Suniel Shetty and Darshan Kumar in key roles. He said, "We really wanted him and I really liked his role". He had not done a film for quite a while and when he read the script, he also loved it. About his experience working with Suniel Shetty, the Student Of The Year actor was in complete awe of the star. "He is really fit for his age". Bollywood superstar Akshay Kumar returned the favour to actor Sidharth Malhotra when he promoted the latter's upcoming ...
The rough numbers certainly suggest astounding performance with an AWD electric two-seater powered by four electric motors (one for each wheel ) and packing a sweet turbine range extender letting you drive as far as you want. To ensure order, advanced electronic traction control and torque vectoring systems are deployed, along with a regenerative braking function. Ariel has been making very niche sports cars for many year.
The release of the device was confirmed on 23 August when Samsung's product page for the device went live. The price of the Samsung Gear Fit2 Pro, expected to launch alongside the Samsung Galaxy Note 8 today, may have been leaked on Twitter.
The man allegedly sexually assaulted her "on the drive home", police said in a news release Tuesday that described the case as an "ongoing investigation". Muhammad Fahad, 33, was arrested Monday and charged with sexual assault and theft under $5,000. Police say the woman got into the vehicle, a red, four-door 2017 Toyota Camry.
Saranno quattro in tutto, a coppie di due. A 24 ore dall'ultimo comitato per la sicurezza che si è tenuto ieri in Prefettura a Firenze sono già state installate le prime "fioriere antisfondamento" . "E comunque si tratta di una situazione provvisoria perché, nel corso delle prossime settimane, vogliamo lavorare su progettazioni di altissima qualità per rendere questo sistema sempre più bello".
Rocket League for Nintendo Switch will be released sometime during holiday 2017. If you're on the orange team you can use the Mario NSR and Samus' Gunship, and if you're on the blue team you can use Luigi NSR and a Samus colour variation of her Varia Suit.
Those sanctions banned North Korean exports of coal, iron, iron ore, lead, lead ore and seafood. "I am pleased to see that the regime in Pyongyang has certainly demonstrated some level of restraint that we've not seen in the past", Tillerson told a press briefing on Tuesday, adding that the USA needed to see more restraint before allowing for meaningful dialogue to take place.
Good Samaritans nearby on the platform helped the victim back to safety, where she was treated for a laceration to her head. Luckily no oncoming trains approached the station at the time of the incident. During the attack, the mother of three said she thought, "I don't want to die". The woman was taken to Bellevue Hospital with a cut to her head.
The broader NSE Nifty ended 0.11 percent higher at 9,765.55. The Sensex is trading at 31,397.07 points, up by 105.22 points or 0.34 per cent. The wider 51-scrip Nifty of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) traded higher by 28.65 points or 0.29 per cent at 9,783 points.
The Dow Jones industrial average rose 0.90 percent to 21,899.89 and the tech-heavy NASDAQ climbed 1.36 percent to 6,297.48. Analysts expect the KOSPI index to move in a tight range this week as all eyes are looking for cues from the U.S. rose 1.19 percent, No. 2 chipmaker SK hynix Inc. climbed 0.59 percent. But top carmaker Hyundai Motor Co. fell 0.34 percent and its affiliate Kia Motors Corp also declined 0.42 percent.
The prankster, posing as Bannon, emailed Marlow a link to a Sunday Breitbart post that aggregated a Daily Mail report to suggest Ivanka Trump was instrumental in pushing Bannon from the White House. Breitbart's editor, Joel Pollak tweeted: "Trump's #Afghanistan speech was Obama's speech minus the deadline & details". "No one can figure out what [Ivanka Trump and Kushner] do", Pollak wrote to the fake Bannon.
She had dropped off her younger brother at Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois, and then headed to Iowa. Tammy was reportedly last seen with her vehicle on Interstate 80 at mile marker 83 in LaSalle County, Illinois, between 3:10 and 4:00 p.m.
After an eager crowd chanted hateful things towards Senator John McCain (R-AZ) at a rally, some even going so far as to wish death upon him - his daughter, Meghan McCain, is fighting back. McCain dramatically returned to Congress after his cancer diagnosis to vote against a Republican health care bill in July. Nobody knows who the hell he is.
A court handed down the order on Sunday to allow the online auction to go ahead after the government delayed handing over the permit to rhino owner John Hume. A South African court ruling opened the way to a domestic trade in rhino horn, though South Africa says it remains party to an global ban in place since 1977.
Jared Kushner, Ivanka Trump and Steve Bannon look on as Trump and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe meet in February. "If people want to know our thinking, they don't need to judge us on illicitly obtained comments that were meant to be private, they can simply read our front page", Marlow wrote.
Eyeing the rapidly growing US EV market at around 65 percent annual rates by 2020, LG inked about $25 million investment contract with the state of MI, which will turn a 215,000-square-meter area in Hazel Park into an electric vehicle plant complex by the first quarter of 2018.
With the next round of talks between the two set to take place next week, the United Kingdom government has presented several of its proposals for Britain in a post-EU world by way of position papers written by prominent cabinet ministers that seemed to dent Andrew Goodwin, lead United Kingdom economist at Oxford Economics' confidence on the ability of any Brexit talks regarding separation and transition to come to a successful conclusion.
The executive order will establish a Board of Inquiry, which will be made of five people appointed by Greitens. After assessing the weight and credibility of all evidence, the board will then provide a recommendation to the governor on if Williams should be executed or his sentence commuted.
Christian Porter, the social services minister, and Alan Tudge, the human services minister, are due to make the announcement in Beenleigh, south of Brisbane, later on Wednesday. 'This is a great community that we're hoping to make better, ' Mr Porter said. "The problem is quite elevated consumption of highly addictive and unsafe drugs like ice".
While the months of July and August present favorable sea conditions to make the risky journey across the Mediterranean , the Reuters report indicates that August arrivals are even lower than last month. "Some of our forces and our officials have decided that they will tighten the screw a bit - either by doing their job or by telling their friends and relatives in the criminal fraternity that they should stop, at least for a little while", Muntasser told the New York Times .
TWO women were reported to have died and minor damage was noted after a magnitude 5.1 quake jolted parts of Leyte yesterday, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) said. The glass door of a local bank along Real Street in Ormoc City was shattered as well as the glass wall on the building's second floor. It was tectonic in origin.
De Brum, who was also the Pacific nation's climate ambassador, died on Tuesday in the capital Majuro surrounded by his family, according to Marshall Islands President Hilda Heine. He was the driving force behind the "High Ambition Coalition" of more than 100 nations, which successfully pushed for strong aspirational goals at the UN climate talks in Paris in 2015.
The UN experts asked U.S. authorities to take concrete measures to address the "root causes of the proliferation of such racist manifestations" and also asked for a criminal investigation into the person who ploughed his vehicle into the crowd during the protests at Charlottesville, Virginia, killing one person.
Those unable to load the Facebook website should hold down the Shift button on their keyboard and refresh the webpage. In most cases, the problem was solved by clearing the cache in the browser. Some online events unite people - such as the recent solar eclipse which was streamed online by millions of people unable to see the spectacle in person.

domain: news


This morning Star Wars Celebration held a pretty important panel that wasn’t live streamed to fans around the world. This panel concerned the future of Star Wars, and with Disney and Lucasfilm planning to release a feature film every year, not to mention continuing TV shows, likely creating new ones, and much more, there was a lot to talk about.
Everyone has been anxious to hear more details about Star Wars: Episode VIII, especially with production just wrapping a few days ago. Lucasfilm head Kathleen Kennedy and director Rian Johnson were on hand to discuss the sequel, and while they didn’t divulge any huge secrets, there was plenty to soak up regarding the next chapter of the Star Wars saga.
After the jump, find out what movies Rian Johnson revealed as influences on Star Wars: Episode VIII, when the movie started taking shape, how much time has passed since The Force Awakens, whether or not Finn wakes up. Plus, there’s confirmation of another returning cast member and a cameo from another Star Wars filmmaker. Find out what we learned from the Star Wars Episode VIII panel after the jump. Read More »
On the red carpet at PaleyFest, we got to speak with Scream Queens producer Brad Falchuk before his panel with the cast. Season two of Scream Queens will move from the sorority house to a hospital, but any of the returning cast are reprising their roles as the same characters. It’s not like American Horror Story, where the cast plays new characters every year.
“I describe it more as a horror movie sequel as opposed to an anthology,” Falchuk told /Film. “So you have the first Friday the 13th, the second Friday the 13th, or Halloween. You have characters that bleed in through, literally bleed through, and they go through different horrible adventures. As opposed to just changing up the characters. We just have more to say with these characters.” Read More »
Billie Lourd was on the red carpet for Fox’s Scream Queens at Paleyfest on Saturday night. We’ll have a full story on Scream Queens later but we got the chance to ask Lourd about her brief appearance in the Star Wars saga. As you probably know, Lourd is Carrie Fisher’s daughter and you may have spotted her in the Resistance base scenes of Star Wars: The Force Awakens. But will she return for Rian Johnson‘s Star Wars Episode VIII?
Read More »
Posted on Tuesday, December 1st, 2015 by Jacob Hall
A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away… there was Star Wars Bits, your round-up of all the Star Wars news you need to know. In this edition:
- J.J. Abrams explains why he turned down Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
- J.J. Abrams then explains why he finally accepted the gig.
- James Gunn says he has no interest in making a Star Wars movie.
- A new BB-8 featurette offers up some new footage.
- Star Wars Battlefront takes you to the Battle of Jakku.
- Harrison Ford “reviews” The Force Awakens.
- Carrie Fisher has a bone to pick to how the Star Wars series has treated her body.
Read More »
There’s too much important stuff in this edition of Star Wars Bits to waste time. Read about the following:
- Star Wars Episode VIII will shoot on 35mm film.
- Star Wars Anthology: Rogue One will shoot partially with a 6K camera and new Panavision lenses.
- Daisy Ridley drops a hint about Rey’s lineage in Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
- See the covers of three new Star Wars novels.
- Jurassic World director Colin Trevorrow talks Star Wars films.
- Anthony Daniels is voicing C-3PO in Star Wars Battlefront.
- Find out about a never published Star Wars novel called “Heart of the Jedi.”
- Billie Lourd strikes down another Star Wars: The Force Awakens rumor.
- Star Wars may once again film on Skellig Michael in Ireland.
- Read an interview with the stunt double who played Kylo Ren.
- Peter Mayhew definitively puts the “Han Shot First” debate to rest.
Read More »
With Force Awakens rumors, social media, spoilers, merchandise, it’s another jam-packed edition of Star Wars Bits. Below, read about the following.
- Check out our first possible look at Maz Kanata in Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
- Disney is deliberately pacing marketing and merchandise for Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
- Check out Tim Doyle‘s new Star Wars: The Force Awakens poster.
- Read Vanity Fair‘s extended interview with J.J. Abrams.
- Watch an interview with the production designers of The Force Awakens.
- John Boyega won’t even share Force Awakens secrets with his family.
- Carrie Fisher‘s Mother’s Day Tweet was amazing.
- Billie Lourd confirms she’s not playing a young Leia in The Force Awakens.
- Check out the cover Marvel Comics’ Lando #1.
- Listen to audio from inside a theater in 1977 showing Star Wars.
- Read some potential spoilers about a scene involving Rey and Kylo Ren.
Read More »
From the set of The Force Awakens, to its concept art and everything in between, it’s a busy day in Star Wars Bits. Below, read about the following:
- Read how J.J. Abrams reacted when Harrison Ford got hurt on the set of Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
- Ewan McGregor is still waiting for his Star Wars standalone phone call, plus comments on Kylo Ren’s lightsaber.
- Could a Han Solo video game be in the works?
- Billie Lourd is most certainly in The Force Awakens.
- See a cool prequel easter egg in Star Wars #1 and read about more secrets in the book.
- Darth Vader #1 is a bit hit already, plus new variant covers.
- Jessica Chastain would love to be in a Star Wars movie.
- J.J. Abrams used Disney codenames on the set of The Force Awakens.
- More video of Dave Filoni, Killian Plunkett and Henry Gilroy talking Star Wars Rebels.
- A potential location is The Force Awakens is described, as are some new characters and an action scene.
Read More »
Considering the long casting process J.J. Abrams and crew went through for Star Wars Episode VII, it’s surprising some missed one simple way to get in the movie: nepotism. The latest rumor surrounding the film is that Billie Lourd, the daughter of Carrie Fisher, has been cast in the movie. A second rumor on top of that says that she’s playing either Leia’s daughter or, oddly, a younger version of Leia herself. We’ll explore both Billie Lourd Star Wars rumors below. Read More »


A homeowner at the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai in Hawaii is suing the resort and its developers, alleging he and others have been subjected to an unfair raise in prices and overcrowded facilities.
The suit filed by Christopher Zyda seeks class-action status to represent all homeowners and members of the resort’s Hualalai Club, which costs members $250,000 plus more than $40,000 in annual dues, West Hawaii Today reported. Defendants named in the suit include the resort’s owners, developers and real estate agents.
Zyda, who purchased his home in 2000, said he was told by a real estate agent that his family and guests would have access to resort amenities without added fees. He claims the resort has increased fees for guests and has failed to provide adequate facilities for the growing population.
“Instead of dealing with the problem of overcrowding, the defendants continued to build and sell new homes . and have current plans to sell up to 150 additional club memberships, including selling memberships to non-residents of the resort, while using resort and club amenities as perks for employees,” the suit alleges.
A spokesman for the resort said the claims are only shared by a minority of club members.
“The resort has been recognized broadly for the quality of its service, facilities and amenities, including being Hawaii Island’s first and only Forbes Five Star and AAA Five Diamond hotel, and rated the best hotel in Hawaii by Travel + Leisure Magazine,” said the director of public relations for Four Seasons, Brad Packer, in a prepared statement.
“While feedback from all our members is extremely important to us, we believe the plaintiff’s claims are without merit, and based on recent member surveys, are shared only by a small minority of club members,” Packer said.
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Canadians buying their groceries at Walmart will be getting more familiar with certified sustainable beef.
On May 10, Walmart Canada announced that beef patties from the Your Fresh Market brand will add an on-package product claim based on standards from the Canadian Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (CRSB). The brand will now feature the CRSB’s “mass balance” claim label, the company said — the first time such an on-product CRSB claim will appear on grocery shelves.
Why it matters: Restaurants have been the typical customers for CRSB certified beef, but 2020 and 2021 have seen retailers also draw from Canada’s sustainable beef value chain.
Walmart Canada says it anticipates “millions” of patties will be sold nationally with the mass balance claim.
“Walmart is committed to being a regenerative company — one that works to restore, renew and replenish our planet,” Walmart Canada CEO and president Horacio Barbeito said. “Offering this new line of beef patties with sustainability certification is part of our journey and a proud moment for our entire team.
“Our ongoing partnership with the CRSB helps drive the shared goal of advancing sustainability within the Canadian beef industry. Each of us can take pride in knowing that our collective actions support global sustainability commitments.”
The “mass balance” logo requires that at least 30 per cent of beef in that product come from CRSB certified farms.
Canada is now several years into its certified sustainable value chain, an initiative first started as a pilot with McDonald’s and major beef processor Cargill. Farms, feedlots and processors wanting to fold into the value chain must pass an audit by an authorized certification body (such as Verified Beef Production Plus, Where Food Comes From Inc. or the Ontario Corn Fed Beef Quality Assurance Program) according to standards laid out by the CRSB.
For meat to qualify, animals must have spent their lives on and been processed by certified facilities. Farmers are then paid per head for every animal born on their farms and successfully brought through the value chain.
CRSB chair Anne Wasko welcomed the Walmart announcement.
“I think it just goes to show that as we continue to build on the certified sustainable program, that we continue to gain more ground in terms of pounds sold, more visibility, both for consumers and of course within our various members as well,” she said.
Last year, the CRSB reported 4.8 million pounds of beef sold with a claim between July 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020. Almost 1,300 farms had been certified as of the start of July, a 28 per cent jump over the year before, and about 17 per cent of Canada’s beef herd was being raised on certified sustainable farms.
As of September last year, the value chain counted three certified processors and three companies selling beef with a CRSB claim, all of them restaurants. As well as McDonald’s, both Harvey’s and Chop Steakhouse and Bar were sourcing enough beef for a claim.
It is only more recently that retailers have also signed on.
Last December, Loblaw Companies became the first major retailer to source a significant amount of certified sustainable beef. The company announced the purchase of one million pounds. At the time, the company said it was unsure how or when any claim label might be used.
Wasko said the gradual uptake is not necessarily a surprise, as companies watch to see how others choose to move forward with the CRSB.
“It’s consistent and actually I would think in the past year we’ve probably seen more activity and more interest in the program, so it’s good all the way around,” she said. “It’s been slow at times, but I think that’s part of the process of growing a new program.”
As of last summer, the organization estimated that 8.6 million pounds of beef had been sold with a claim since the program’s inception.

domain: economics


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Importance of A Well Motivated Workforce
Why People Work?
People work to meet their basic needs like food, shelter, and clothes, etc. People work for an employer and get salaries which they use to buy basic necessities of their life. Although sometimes some people work as volunteers where they don’t get paid or pay scale is extremely low but people do it to serve their society.
There are some reasons discussed below why people work:
They get the money that is used to meet the basic needs of a person.
Most of the people work because they consider that they are secure at their job. With the pay they get, they can make their families secure.
People want to become a part of any social group. It may be employees of any organization or member of any sports club. They want to meet different people.
When a person works somewhere, he works hard to get a higher rank and position in the organization.
After having a good position in any organization, a person wants to do something more to get satisfaction.
Motivation is the main reason behind the hard work of employees. Employees work hard and effectively for the organization when they are motivated by the organization.
The benefits of a well-motivated workforce: labor productivity, reduced absenteeism and labor turnover
Importance of a
There are various benefits an organization can have with a well-motivated workforce. Some of them are discussed below.
Well-motivated staff is always more productive. They don’t only produce more in quantity but the quality of work output is also increased. The well-motivated workforce is always more engaged in work to produce more output.
Decrease in Absenteeism
It is an obvious thing that an unmotivated employee will not feel easy at the workplace. That will ultimately increase absenteeism. While on the other hand in an organization, if an employee is well-motivated, he will try to give his best to the work and there will be very little absenteeism in that organization.
It is also observed that if employees are motivated at work, they don’t switch to other jobs. So that there is less turnover expected when employees are well-motivated.
Abraham Maslow proposed a theory which is based upon different levels of needs. This is called the hierarchy of needs theory.
These are the basic needs of any person i.e. food, shelter, and clothes, etc. in the absence of these things, a person can’t live.
These are the needs that a person requires for survival. A person needs job security. He needs safety and security for his/her family. Treatment for serious health issues and avoiding poverty is also included in safety issues.
No one can live in any society without interacting with each other. It is a social need of a person to interact with other people. A person interacts with his coworkers at his workplace from where he belongs. A student belongs to his class and school/college. Family interaction is also an example of the sense of belonging.
When a person works in an organization, he tries his level best to achieve the highest designation in his department or sometimes in the organization. he wants to be admired and recognized by his efforts.
This stage comes after various achievements. When you are free from financial tensions and can enjoy financial independence, you try to do something for your own satisfaction, you do whatever you want to do.
Key Motivational Theories:
Taylor and Herzberg
Taylor started work as a laborer but soon became chief engineer in the factory where he worked. He started different experiments in the factory to improve the productivity of the laborers working there. According to Taylor, an employee is motivated for personal gain. If an employee is paid more, he will work more. If there is an increase in the pay of labor, his productivity and output will also be increased which will reduce the labor cost.
Though this theory is so simple, there is also some criticism on it as labor or an employee can be motivated by different means while
Taylor discussed the factor of money only. In the same way, if a person is not fulfilled or satisfied with his job, money can’t motivate or increase the productivity of him.
Fredrick Herzberg worked on engineers and accountants and proposed his theory. Basically his theory is based upon two factors i.e. basic factors or Hygiene and Motivation.
According to Herzberg, if the hygiene factor is not satisfied, these factors can demotivate the workers.
The list of hygiene and motivational factors is given below:
- Working conditions
- Company policies
- Relationship with supervisors and subordinates
- Motivational factors
- Personal growth and development
- Work itself

domain: sociology


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Today for your amusement we’ll take a stroll down memory lane, courtesy of an old knitting magazine found in my collection. Perhaps you remember the 1980’s nighttime soap operas, “Dallas,” “Dynasty” and “Falcon Crest“? I confess that I never watched any of these shows. I never cared who shot J.R. or about the fate of Alexis, but apparently I DID want to knit some of these sweaters. I don’t remember purchasing this magazine so let’s assume it was a gift.
Holy Bat-wings! Fashionable shades of powder pink, royal blue and black accentuate the impressive wingspan featured in this sweater. Batman could only dream of Albert knitting this for him. Lord knows there would be plenty of room for grappling hooks and other accessories. The high rise waist jeans really make this ensemble. (I think I still own a pair of those)
I don’t recognize either of these actresses. My guess is that these ladies needed better agents. Not only did their acting careers fizzle, but they had to model these linebacker rejects! Could the shoulders be any wider? The second picture looks like a Sesame Street Science experiment gone terribly wrong. The result being a strange morph between Elmo and a prom queen. Do you remember Julie Brown’s song, “The Homecoming Queen’s Got A Gun“? Sorry, flashback there.
Audrey Landers appeared on many 1970’s and 1980’s television shows, including Fantasy Island and The Love Boat. Cheesy sitcoms weren’t her only employment though, she hocked scorchingly ugly sweater patterns as well. Yikes!
Finally, here’s Andy Gibb. I don’t know if he ever appeared in a television series, but nevertheless he’s featured in this pattern collection. The alarming lack of shoulder pads and glitter make this sweater the least offensive in this book. Only the feathered mullet and the fact that Andy died long ago date this as definitive 1980’s.
If any of y’all are feeling nostalgic and would like to recreate any of these colorful creations then I’d be happy to send you the patterns! Really, I’d part with them for you.
This morning while watching Mad TV a skit came on for Kinoki Detox Foot Pads. It was hilarious and I darned near shot coffee out of my nose. The premise is that you stick these maxi-pad things on the soles of your feet and they suck the toxins out of your body while you’re sleeping. About 30 seconds into the “skit” I realized that this was a REAL COMMERCIAL! Not only do they claim to remove heavy metals and metabolic waste from your system, but they also eliminate mucous and cellulite. Hot damn, I need these! Imagine the ensuing mayhem as people dash to their phones following these ads. Chia Pets and Singing Trouts now have some serious retail competition.Hope you’re all enjoying your Sunday!

domain: entertainment


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If you are bored of regular idli and dosa, you should definitely try this Chettinadu Kuzhi Paniyaram with the same Iddli/Dosa batter. Paniyaram can be served as a Breakfast or as evening snack. It goes well with Tomato Chutney / Coconut Chutney.
How to make the Best Chettinadu Kuzhi Paniyaram?
Preparation Time : 15 minutes
Serves : 3 Adults
Iddli /Dosa Batter : 2Cups
Onion : 1/2, finely chopped
Green Chilly : 1, finely chopped
Mustard Seeds : 1/2tsp
Curry Leaves : 1spring, finely chopped
Halved urad dal/split black gram/uzhunnu parippu : 1/2tsp
Hing/asafoetida Powder/kaayam : a pinch
Shredded coconut : 1/2tbsp (optional)
Oil : 2-3tbsp(i used coconut oil)
You can add 2tbsp grated carrots along with shredded coconut to make the paniyaram more healthy.
1. Heat 1/2tbsp oil in a thadka pan and add mustard seeds. When it splutters, add urad daal followed by onion and green chillies. When onion turns to translucent, add shredded coconut and saute well. Add salt, curry leaves and asafoetida powder. Turn off the flame and add this to thick iddli/Dosa batter. Mix well and adjust the salt.
2. Heat a paniyaram pan / unniyappam pan and add 3-4drops of oil into each moulds. (non-stick pan works the best). Now Pour the 1tbsp of batter into each moulds and cover the pan with a lid. When it starts to turn slight brown on the edges, turn them with a pair of forks and cook uncovered. You can insert a toothpick in the mddle of paniyaram to check whether its done. Now transfer it to a kitchen towel.
3. Serve hot with coconut chutney / Tomato chutney.
Recipe for the best Tomato Chutney :
Preparation Time : 15minutes
Serves : 3
Onion : 1, chopped
Tomato : 3, chopped
Chilly powder : 3/4tsp
Turmeric powder : 1/4tsp
Coriander leaves : 2tbsp, finely chopped
Mustard Seeds : 1/4tsp
Curry leaves : 1spring
Oil : 1tsp + 1tsp
Heat 1tsp oil in a pan and saute onion till translucent. Now add turmeric powder and chilly powder. Saute well till you get a nice aroma and then add tomatoes. Mix well and cover with a tight lid. Cook till tomatoes are soft. Add salt and coriander leaves and combine well. Turn off the flame and allow it to cool. Grind it to a smooth paste by adding enough water to make a thick tomato chutney. Now heat remaining oil in a tadka pan and add mustard seeds. When it splutters, add curry leaves and turn off the flame. Add tadka to the tomato chutney and enjoy with chettinad kuzhi paniyaram.

domain: food


Does your auto need fixing? Even if the answer isn’t yes right now, you should know how it feels. You also know the feeling of knowing the right move. How can you be sure of what is the best option? Read on and learn everything you need to know about auto repairs.
Ask any questions you bring it in for repairs. Preventing automotive issues with your vehicle is an excellent way to save money.
Make sure you often check the radiator in your car. Run your engine for several minutes, turn it off then pop the hood.Don’t open your radiator cap if your car is running.Check radiator fluid by using a dipstick and remember to always mix the coolant with water prior to adding it.
If you aren’t sure about anything, clarification is needed before repairs are started. You want to incur extra charges after the car has been repaired.
Try looking for someone who works from their own property. If they are experienced and skilled, and they will usually charge you less for labor. You can save tons of money and provide an independent worker by going down this route.
Speak with friends about auto repairs done for some good ideas. You may get some great recommendations from your friends and family that make your search easier. You should still do some research on the person they tell you about. Check online to see if there is other information or reviews about the very least.
Look at all lights on the dashboard and learn what each one signifies. These lights give you a good indication of when something is wrong with your car. Ignoring them for extended periods of time will not make the problem much worse than it already is.
You don’t necessarily have to visit the dealer in order to get your dealership if repairs are needed. There are several reputable technicians that may be closer in proximity to your house. Find a mechanic who you are comfortable with and reliable.
Check your tire pressure every time you fill up the tank. Look over your tires and make sure nothing embedded in them. You don’t want to have to drive around with faulty tires.
There are several different kinds of parts. New parts just mean that they are made solely to a manufacturer’s specifications. Refurbished or reconditioned parts are ones that these parts have been restored. Salvage parts just means that they are used parts without any type of alterations.
If you have been having minor car issues, it may be a good idea to have it checked out anyway. A small problem may grow into a big one if it is left unchecked.
Don’t self diagnose and fix complex automotive issues. What can seem like it’s simple to fix may be a lot harder, especially in newer computerized vehicles.Let a professional diagnose the diagnosing. Give them all the details on what occurred and what you heard, and let them diagnose the trouble.
Don’t allow people to sell auto parts to you that they’ll last forever. This is simply a way to grab more of your cash. One example of this is transmission fluid will last a lifetime. While this does not need to be changed as often as typical fluid, you will still have to change the fluid every 80,000 miles or so.
You can easily do some preventative maintenance such as adding more oil or top up your windshield fluid compartment. It is a common misnomer that you need a mechanic’s services to attend to these routine jobs should be left to the professionals. Learn all you can, but understand that it may be dirty.
Keep your vehicle repair and maintenance receipts in an accordion folder in your car. You can sort them however you like as long as you know what is where.This is particularly valuable when you get your car.
Having written proof can be helpful if you need to complain down the future.
Pay attention to the different sounds coming from your car. Noises can be a problem.
Always ask plenty of questions when speaking with your mechanic.How long should it take them? What kind of work is being performed on the car? How much will the auto parts going to set you back? Ask anything and everything that you can think of.
Ask your old parts when they’re replaced. This helps you know whether the part was actually done. This is not important if you get your exhaust system replacement. You can easily see whether you have a brand new exhaust system is installed.
Don’t buy into the theory that you need a tuneup at 10000 miles.This is a fallacy and nothing more. You would better be served by adhering to the maintenance schedule recommended by the manual that came with your car.
When you are told your car needs repair, look online to compare prices for spare parts. There are many websites where you a good estimate as to how much your repairs should cost. Compare this estimate with the shop.
There may be no obvious issues, but a professional will be able to tell you if there are problems. If the engine is fine, you may need your dashboard computer adjusted.
Solving your car troubles can be as easy as using the advice that you have just read. Keep doing research on this topic and find people who can teach you a few things. Being knowledgeable about your car can save you money and stress in the long run.


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Post-Stroke Pain clinical trials at University of California Health
2 in progress, 1 open to eligible people
open to eligible people ages 22-80
Chronic pain affects 1 in 4 US adults, and many cases are resistant to almost any treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) holds promise as a new option for patients suffering from treatment-resistant chronic pain, but traditional approaches target only brain regions involved in one aspect of the pain experience and provide continuous 24/7 brain stimulation which may lose effect over time. By developing new technology that targets multiple, complimentary brain regions in an adaptive fashion, the investigators will test a new therapy for chronic pain that has potential for better, more enduring analgesia.
Sorry, in progress, not accepting new patients
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) holds promise as a new option for patients suffering from treatment-resistant chronic pain, but current technology is unable to reliably achieve long-term pain symptom relief. A "one-size-fits-all" approach of continuous, 24/7 brain stimulation has helped patients with some movement disorders, but the key to reducing pain may be the activation of stimulation only when needed, as this may help keep the brain from adapting to stimulation effects. By expanding the technological capabilities of an investigative brain stimulation device, the investigators will enable the delivery of stimulation only when pain signals in the brain are high, and then test whether this more personalized stimulation leads to reliable symptom relief for chronic pain patients over extended periods of time.


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Antique Distressed Hunter Cow Leather Improves with age.
Inner Pocket on Either Side
Zip Pocket for small treasures / stamps / emergency coins
Driving Licence - id card window pocket
The Original Skull wallet was the very first emboss wallet we designed and put into production designed beautifully handcrafted in soft distressed natural leather it is still as popular as ever. With plenty of spaces for your debit cards, inner pocket either side perfect for oyster card scanning without having to remove from you wallet, id card window, zip pocket for small (flat) treasures and two note compartments. This wallet is not only a striking and a totally cool talking piece, it is also a really functional and reasonably slim bifold wallet. A perfect gift idea for any man.

domain: design


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Can You Freeze Quesadillas? Imagine this scenario: you’re in the mood for a delicious quesadilla, but you don’t want to go through the hassle of making one from scratch every time.
Luckily, there’s a solution freezing quesadillas! Yes, you read that right. You can freeze quesadillas and have a quick and easy meal waiting for you whenever the craving strikes.
In this article, we’ll explore the ins and outs of freezing quesadillas, from the best methods to the necessary precautions. So, let’s dive in and learn how to freeze quesadillas like a pro!
Freezing Quesadillas for up to 2 Months
Freezing quesadillas is a game-changer when it comes to meal planning and convenience. With just a little bit of preparation, you can have a stockpile of quesadillas at the ready, ready to be enjoyed whenever you please.
Here’s how to freeze quesadillas for up to 2 months. 1.
Allow your freshly cooked quesadillas to cool completely. This step is crucial to prevent condensation, which can make the quesadillas soggy after freezing.
2. Once cooled, slice your quesadilla into portions that are easy to handle.
This step will make it easier to thaw and reheat later on. 3.
Layer the sliced quesadillas with parchment paper or wax paper. This will prevent them from sticking together and make it easier to separate them when you’re ready to enjoy.
4. Place the layered quesadillas in a freezer-safe bag.
Make sure to press out any excess air to avoid freezer burn. 5.
Label the freezer bag with the contents and the date. This step will help you keep track of what you have in your freezer and ensure that you use the oldest quesadillas first.
By following these simple steps, you can enjoy your frozen quesadillas for up to 2 months without compromising taste or quality.
Freezing Quesadillas in Layers and Using a Freezer-Safe Bag
When it comes to freezing quesadillas, it’s all about preserving their texture and preventing freezer burn. And the secret lies in the layering method and using a freezer-safe bag.
Let’s break it down step by step. 1.
Allow your cooked quesadillas to cool completely. This step ensures that the filling and cheese set properly, making it easier to slice and handle.
2. Once cooled, slice the quesadilla into individual portions, depending on your serving size preference.
Large quesadillas can be sliced into halves or quarters, while smaller ones can be kept as a whole. 3.
Place a sheet of baking parchment or wax paper between each slice. This will prevent them from sticking together during freezing.
4. Once you’ve layered all the slices, carefully transfer them to a freezer-safe bag.
It’s best to use a bag that is specifically designed for freezer storage, as it will provide an extra layer of insulation against potential freezer burn. 5.
Before sealing the bag, squeeze out as much air as possible. This will prevent the formation of ice crystals and maintain the integrity of the quesadillas.
6. Finally, label the bag with the contents and date.
This will help you keep track of what’s in your freezer and ensure that you use the oldest quesadillas first. By following this layering method and using a freezer-safe bag, you can ensure that your frozen quesadillas stay fresh and delicious for months to come.
Allowing Quesadillas to Cool and Slicing Them
Now that you know the basics of freezing quesadillas, it’s time to get into the nitty-gritty details of preparation. One crucial step in the process is allowing your quesadillas to cool completely before freezing them.
Here’s why it matters and how to go about it. 1.
After cooking your quesadillas, remove them from the heat and let them sit for a few minutes. This step allows the filling to set and makes it easier to handle.
2. Once the quesadillas are no longer piping hot, transfer them to a wire rack or a cooling tray.
This will promote even cooling and prevent condensation. 3.
Let the quesadillas cool at room temperature for at least 30 minutes. This time will vary depending on the thickness of the quesadillas and the ambient temperature.
4. Once the quesadillas are completely cool, carefully transfer them to a cutting board.
Using a sharp knife or a pizza cutter, slice them into individual portions. By allowing your quesadillas to cool thoroughly and slicing them after they have cooled, you’re ensuring that they freeze evenly and maintain their texture when reheated.
Placing Sliced Quesadillas on Baking Parchment, Transferring to a Freezer-Safe Bag, and Labeling
After you’ve sliced your cooled quesadillas, it’s time to package them for freezing. Following these steps will help you keep your frozen quesadillas organized and prevent any mishaps during storage.
1. Take a sheet of baking parchment or wax paper and place it on a flat surface.
This will prevent the quesadillas from sticking together during freezing. 2.
Lay the sliced quesadillas on the parchment paper, leaving a small gap between each slice. If you’re freezing multiple quesadillas, you can stack the parchment paper with the slices sandwiched in between for easier storage.
3. Once you’ve layered all the sliced quesadillas, carefully transfer them, along with the parchment paper, to a freezer-safe bag.
4. Gently press out any excess air from the bag and seal it tightly.
This step is crucial to prevent freezer burn and maintain the quality of your quesadillas. 5.
Lastly, label the bag with the contents (e.g., cheese and chicken quesadillas) and the date of freezing. This will help you keep track of the quesadillas in your freezer and ensure that you use the oldest ones first.
Following these packaging steps will not only make it easier to retrieve and thaw your quesadillas but also help you maintain an organized freezer.
Freezing quesadillas is an excellent way to have a quick and satisfying meal on hand whenever you need it. By allowing your quesadillas to cool completely, slicing them, layering with parchment paper, and transferring them to a freezer-safe bag, you can freeze quesadillas for up to 2 months without sacrificing taste or quality.
So, the next time you’re in the mood for a delicious quesadilla, make a batch, freeze them, and enjoy the convenience and flavor whenever you please!
Tips for Freezing Quesadillas
Now that you’re familiar with the basics of freezing quesadillas, let’s explore some additional tips and tricks to ensure the best results. From freezing uncooked quesadillas to choosing the right cheese, these tips will elevate your quesadilla game to the next level.
Freezing Uncooked Quesadillas for Freshness
If you’re a fan of freshly cooked quesadillas, you’ll be delighted to know that you can freeze them before cooking. Freezing uncooked quesadillas is an excellent option if you want to preserve the ultimate freshness and flavor of your favorite ingredients.
Here’s how to do it:
1. Prepare your quesadilla ingredients as usual.
This can include cheese, vegetables, meats, and any other fillings you desire. 2.
Lay a tortilla on a flat surface and add your chosen fillings to one half of the tortilla. 3.
Fold the tortilla in half, pressing the edges to seal it tightly. You can also use a fork to crimp the edges for added security.
4. Once you’ve assembled your uncooked quesadillas, place them on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper, making sure they are not touching each other.
5. Pop the baking sheet in the freezer for a couple of hours until the quesadillas are firm.
6. Once frozen, transfer the quesadillas to a freezer-safe bag or container.
Make sure to label the bag with the contents and date. Now, whenever you’re in the mood for a fresh and piping hot quesadilla, you can simply pull out a frozen, uncooked quesadilla from your freezer and cook it to perfection.
Using Hard Cheese for Better Freezing Results
When it comes to freezing quesadillas, not all cheeses are created equal. While you can certainly use any type of cheese you prefer, opting for hard cheese can yield better results during the freezing process.
Hard cheeses such as cheddar, Monterey Jack, or gouda have a lower moisture content, which makes them less likely to become soggy or lose their texture when frozen. Here’s why hard cheese is the better choice for freezing quesadillas:
Hard cheeses have a firmer texture, which helps them retain their shape and structure during freezing. 2.
The lower moisture content in hard cheeses reduces the risk of freezer burn and prevents the quesadillas from becoming soggy when reheated. 3.
Hard cheeses develop a more intense and concentrated flavor as they age, further enhancing the taste of your quesadillas after freezing. So, next time you’re stocking up on cheese for your quesadillas, consider reaching for a block of your favorite hard cheese to ensure the best freezing results.
Avoiding Reheating in the Microwave to Prevent Sogginess
When it comes to reheating your frozen quesadillas, it’s best to steer clear of the microwave if you’re aiming for that perfectly crispy and golden exterior. While the microwave is a quick and convenient option, it can often result in a soggy quesadilla.
To avoid this, try these alternative reheating methods:
1. Oven: Preheat your oven to 350F (175C).
Place the frozen quesadilla on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper and bake for about 15-20 minutes or until heated through and crispy. 2.
Stovetop: Heat a non-stick skillet over medium heat. Place the frozen quesadilla in the skillet and cook for a few minutes on each side, until the cheese is melted and the tortilla is crispy.
These methods will give you a better texture and ensure that your quesadillas taste just as delicious as they did when freshly cooked.
Freezing Quesadillas for Approximately Two Months
Now that you know how to freeze and store your quesadillas, you may be wondering how long they can be safely kept in the freezer. Quesadillas can typically be frozen for up to two months without significant loss of quality.
However, it’s important to consider a few factors that could affect their taste and texture:
1. Packaging: Proper packaging is crucial for maintaining the quality of frozen quesadillas.
Make sure to use freezer-safe bags or containers and remove as much air as possible to prevent freezer burn. 2.
Temperature: It’s essential to keep your freezer at a consistent temperature of 0F (-18C) or below to ensure optimal preservation. 3.
Quality: While frozen quesadillas will still be safe to eat after two months, their taste and texture may start to deteriorate. It’s best to consume them within this timeframe for the best culinary experience.
By following these guidelines, you can confidently store and enjoy your frozen quesadillas for up to two months, knowing that they will still be delicious when you’re ready to indulge.
Refrigerating Cooked Quesadillas for Up to 3 Days
If you prefer to refrigerate your cooked quesadillas instead of freezing them, it’s important to know how long they can safely be stored in the fridge. When properly stored, cooked quesadillas can last for up to three days in the refrigerator.
Here are some tips for refrigerating quesadillas:
1. Allow the cooked quesadillas to cool completely before storing them in the refrigerator.
This will prevent condensation and maintain their crispy texture. 2.
Place the cooled quesadillas in an airtight container or wrap them tightly in plastic wrap. This will minimize exposure to air, which can lead to moisture loss and less desirable texture.
3. Label the container or wrap with the date to keep track of freshness.
While refrigeration is a convenient option for short-term storage, it’s essential to consume the quesadillas within three days to ensure the best taste and quality.
With these additional tips for freezing quesadillas, you can take your culinary adventures to new heights. Whether you’re freezing uncooked quesadillas for freshness, choosing hard cheese for better results, or opting for alternative reheating methods, these tips will help you achieve the best possible outcome.
Remember, frozen quesadillas can be stored for approximately two months, while cooked quesadillas can be refrigerated for up to three days. So, go ahead and fill your freezer with these delightful treats, knowing that a quick and delicious meal is just a thaw away!
How Do You Defrost Quesadillas?
Now that you know how to freeze quesadillas, it’s time to learn the best methods for defrosting them. Proper defrosting techniques can ensure that your quesadillas thaw safely and retain their delicious flavors and textures.
In this section, we’ll explore two popular methods for defrosting quesadillas: thawing in the fridge overnight and using the microwave for a faster defrosting option.
Thawing Quesadillas in the Fridge Overnight
Thawing quesadillas in the refrigerator is one of the safest and most effective methods. This method allows for a slow, controlled thaw that keeps the quesadillas at a safe temperature throughout the process.
Here’s how to defrost your frozen quesadillas in the fridge:
1. Remove the desired number of frozen quesadillas from the freezer.
It’s important to take out only as many as you plan to use to prevent wastage. 2.
Place the frozen quesadillas on a plate or a shallow dish. This will prevent any liquids or condensation from dripping onto other foods in your fridge.
3. Cover the plate or dish with plastic wrap or place it in a resealable bag to protect the quesadillas from absorbing any unwanted flavors from other foods.
4. Transfer the plate or dish to the refrigerator, making sure it is placed on a shelf where it won’t come into contact with raw meats or other potentially contaminated foods.
5. Allow the quesadillas to thaw in the refrigerator overnight or for approximately 6-8 hours.
The exact time can vary depending on the size and thickness of the quesadillas. After thawing, your quesadillas are ready to be reheated and enjoyed.
Thawing in the fridge ensures that your quesadillas remain safe to eat and helps maintain their original texture and flavor.
Microwave Defrosting as a Faster Alternative
If you’re short on time and need to defrost your quesadillas quickly, the microwave can come to the rescue. While this method is faster, it’s important to take caution and ensure that your quesadillas don’t become overcooked or soggy.
Follow these steps to defrost your quesadillas using the microwave:
1. Place the individual frozen quesadillas on a microwave-safe plate.
It’s crucial to thaw them separately to promote even heating. 2.
Set your microwave to the defrost or low power setting. If your microwave does not have a defrost option, you can manually set it to 30% power.
This lower power level will prevent the quesadillas from cooking too quickly on the outer edges while the center remains frozen. 3.
Microwave the quesadillas in short bursts, starting with 30-second intervals. This allows you to monitor the defrosting process and prevent overheating.
4. After each interval, flip the quesadillas over to ensure even thawing.
This will help prevent any areas from becoming overly hot or still frozen. 5.
Continue microwaving and flipping in short intervals until the quesadillas are fully thawed. Depending on the size and thickness of the quesadillas, this process usually takes between 3 to 5 minutes but may vary.
Once thawed, be sure to cook the quesadillas promptly to ensure they reach the proper temperature and are safe to eat. Keep in mind that microwaving the quesadillas to thaw them may result in slightly softer tortillas compared to the fridge thawing method.
Not Recommended to Refreeze Thawed Quesadillas
While freezing quesadillas is a convenient way to have a quick meal on hand, it’s not recommended to refreeze quesadillas once they have been thawed. When you thaw food, bacteria can start to multiply, and refreezing the food can lead to potential health risks.
To avoid any complications, it’s best to only thaw the amount of quesadillas you plan to consume at one time. This helps to minimize wastage and ensure food safety.
Slicing Quesadillas to Avoid Wastage and Allow Portion Control
To make the most of your quesadillas and prevent unnecessary wastage, consider slicing them before freezing. Slicing allows for portion control and gives you the flexibility to thaw and heat only the amount you need.
Follow these steps to slice your quesadillas:
1. After your quesadillas have cooled, slice them into individual portions.
You can cut them into halves, quarters, or even smaller triangles depending on your preference and serving size. 2.
Separately layer the sliced quesadillas with baking parchment or wax paper. This prevents them from sticking together during freezing and allows for easy separation when you’re ready to thaw and heat them.
3. Place the sliced quesadillas in a freezer-safe bag, ensuring there isn’t much empty space to minimize the risk of freezer burn.
4. Label the bag with the contents and the date of freezing for easy identification.
When you slice your quesadillas before freezing, you can conveniently thaw and reheat individual portions as needed, reducing food waste and making meal planning a breeze.
Mastering the art of defrosting quesadillas is the final step in fully embracing this convenient and delicious meal option. Whether you choose to thaw your quesadillas in the fridge overnight or use the microwave for a quick defrost, these methods ensure that your quesadillas retain their flavors and textures.
Remember, it’s not recommended to refreeze thawed quesadillas, so be sure to portion and package them appropriately. So go ahead, freeze your quesadillas and enjoy the convenience of having a satisfying meal at your fingertips whenever you please!
Do Quesadillas Freeze Well?
Quesadillas are a versatile and delicious meal option that can easily be enjoyed on the go or as a quick dinner. But do quesadillas freeze well?
The answer is a resounding yes! When properly frozen and stored, quesadillas maintain their flavor and texture, making them a perfect make-ahead option for busy individuals or families. In this section, we’ll delve into the details of why quesadillas freeze well and how to ensure the best results.
Quesadillas Freeze Well if Wrapped Properly and Initially Frozen on a Tray
One of the key factors that contribute to the success of freezing quesadillas is the way they are wrapped and initially frozen. Proper wrapping techniques and the use of a tray during the initial freezing process play a significant role in maintaining the quality of the quesadillas.
Here’s why these steps are important:
1. Wrapping: Quesadillas should be wrapped tightly to prevent moisture loss and exposure to air.
You can use plastic wrap, aluminum foil, or resealable freezer bags to securely enclose the quesadillas. 2.
Freezing on a Tray: Before transferring the wrapped quesadillas to the freezer, it’s beneficial to initially freeze them on a tray. This prevents the quesadillas from sticking to one another and helps maintain their shape and structure during the freezing process.
To ensure the best results, follow these steps when freezing your quesadillas:
1. Allow your freshly cooked quesadillas to cool completely.
2. Wrap each quesadilla tightly using plastic wrap, aluminum foil, or place them in resealable freezer bags.
Make sure to remove as much air as possible to prevent freezer burn. 3.
Place the individually wrapped quesadillas on a tray lined with parchment paper. Ensure that the quesadillas are not touching each other.
4. Transfer the tray to the freezer and allow the quesadillas to freeze for a few hours or until firm.
5. Once the quesadillas are fully frozen, you can transfer them to a freezer-safe bag or container for long-term storage.
Be sure to label the bag or container with the contents and date. By following these steps, you can rest assured that your quesadillas will maintain their quality and be ready to enjoy whenever you desire a quick and delicious meal.
Summery Vegetarian Quesadilla Recipe That Freezes Well
Now that you know quesadillas freeze well, let’s explore a fantastic freezer-friendly quesadilla recipe that is perfect for summer and vegetarian-friendly. This recipe combines fresh ingredients and vibrant flavors that make for a satisfying and delicious meal option.
Here’s a summery vegetarian quesadilla recipe that freezes well:
– 4 large flour tortillas
– 1 cup shredded Monterey Jack cheese
– 1/2 cup diced tomatoes
– 1/2 cup chopped bell peppers (assorted colors)
– 1/4 cup sliced black olives
– 1/4 cup chopped fresh cilantro
– 1/4 cup sliced green onions
– 1/2 teaspoon ground cumin
– 1/2 teaspoon chili powder
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Cooking spray or olive oil for frying
1. In a mixing bowl, combine the diced tomatoes, chopped bell peppers, sliced black olives, chopped fresh cilantro, sliced green onions, ground cumin, chili powder, salt, and pepper.
Mix well to ensure the flavors are evenly distributed. 2.
Lay out the flour tortillas on a clean surface or cutting board. Divide the cheese equally among the tortillas, placing it on one half of each tortilla.
3. Spoon about two tablespoons of the vegetable mixture over the cheese on each tortilla.
4. Fold the tortillas in half, pressing down gently to seal the edges.
5. Heat a large skillet or griddle over medium heat.
Lightly coat the surface with cooking spray or olive oil. 6.
Place the folded quesadillas in the skillet or griddle and cook for about 3-4 minutes on each side, or until the tortillas are golden brown and the cheese is melted. 7.
Allow the cooked quesadillas to cool completely before proceeding to freeze them. 8.
Follow the previous guidelines for wrapping and freezing the quesadillas. Ensure each quesadilla is wrapped tightly to maintain its freshness.
9. Store the frozen quesadillas in the freezer for up to two months.
When you’re ready to enjoy the quesadillas, simply thaw them using your preferred method and heat them on a skillet or in the oven until warmed through and the cheese is melted. This freezer-friendly vegetarian quesadilla recipe is a delightful option that captures the flavors of summer and can be enjoyed even on the busiest of days.
Quesadillas indeed freeze well and make for a fantastic make-ahead meal option. By ensuring your quesadillas are wrapped properly and initially frozen on a tray, you can maintain their flavor and texture during freezing.
Additionally, by following a freezer-friendly quesadilla recipe like the summery vegetarian version provided, you can have a delicious meal ready to go whenever you please. So, whether you’re meal prepping for the week ahead or simply wish to have a quick and tasty meal whenever the craving strikes, freezing quesadillas is a smart and convenient choice that won’t disappoint.
In conclusion, quesadillas freeze exceptionally well, making them a convenient and delicious meal option for busy individuals or families. By properly wrapping and initially freezing quesadillas on a tray, you can maintain their flavor and texture during storage.
Thawing quesadillas in the fridge overnight or using the microwave for a faster defrost are effective methods to ensure they are ready to enjoy. While it is not recommended to refreeze thawed quesadillas, slicing them before freezing allows for portion control and minimizes wastage.
Whether you’re freezing your favorite quesadilla recipe or exploring freezer-friendly variations like the summery vegetarian quesadilla, freezing quesadillas is a practical and delicious solution for meal planning. So, go ahead and embrace the convenience of freezing quesadillas, and enjoy the satisfaction of a quick and flavorful meal whenever you need it.


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Porcelain tiles are a type of ceramic tile that can be installed in any room in the house, including kitchens and bathrooms. They are made from clay, water, and mineral oxides that give them their white color.
Porcelain tiles offer a number of benefits to homeowners. They are durable, easy to clean, resistant to stains and scratches, and they come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
6 Great Porcelain Tile Design Ideas for Homes
The following five porcelain tile design ideas will help you to create a beautiful and elegant look in your home.
Porcelain tiles are among the most popular flooring materials in the world. They are attractive, durable, and versatile enough to suit all kinds of spaces.
If you’re looking for some inspiration on how to use porcelain tiles, here are five great porcelain tile design ideas for homes.
1) The Modern Porcelain Tile Design Idea:
This is an elegant and modern look that features clean lines and simple patterns. It’s a good choice if you want your space to have a minimalist feel without being too cold or stark.
2) The Natural Porcelain Tile Design Idea:
This is a natural-looking style that features foliage and flowers and is a bit more rustic. This is a good choice if you want your space to have an earthy feel or if you love the idea of having plants in your home.
3) The Traditional Porcelain Tile Design Idea:
This design features intricate patterns and ornate detailing, which makes it perfect for those looking for a more traditional look that is sure to be a showstopper.
4) The Rustic Porcelain Tile Design Idea:
This design is perfect for those who love the look of wood and stone. The colors and textures are all-natural, which makes it an easy choice for those looking for that old-world feel.
5) The Contemporary Porcelain Tile Design Idea:
This design is very modern looking. It is a great choice for those who are trying to achieve a more contemporary look in their home.
6) The Luxury Porcelain Tile Design Idea:
This design has the luxury look that you want. It includes gold and white colors which make the design stand out from the rest of your walls.
Tips for Choosing the Best Porcelain Tiles for Your Home
Porcelain tiles are a great option for anyone who is looking to give their home a facelift. They are durable and come in many different colors and patterns. But, not all porcelain tiles are the same. It is important to know what you want before you start shopping for them.
Do you want something that is more traditional or modern?
Do you want something that has a glazed or glossy finish?
These are just some of the questions that need to be answered before making your choice.
Designing your home is not an easy task. There are many aspects to consider and the process can be overwhelming. However, it is important to have a plan in place since the design of your home will affect how you live there for years to come. This article will help you for making choice.


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Slap Ry-Go's face on a poster, and it's good to go.
Really, if studios were smart they'd pay him a thousand bucks to use his face on posters for films he's not even in.
But Ryan Gosling is in this film. And as such, he's featured prominently in the new Only God Forgives poster.
Gosling reunites with his Drive director Nicolas Winding Refn for the new crime thriller.
He plays Julian, a man living the criminal life in Bangkok, Thailand. When his brother is murdered, his mom comes to town and makes Julian get revenge.
Kristin Scott Thomas plays Julian's mother, with Vithaya Pansringarm, Ratha Phongam, and Tom Burke also starring.
Only God Forgives hits theaters July 19.

domain: artistic


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Darlene Dress: c/o Dolly & Dotty
Petticoat: Pinup Girl Clothing
Heels: B.A.I.T. Footwear
Hair flower: similar
On a totally non-outfit-related note, I'm in rehearsals for my newest project (called Elephant and Piggie's "We Are in a Play!," based on the books by Mo Willems) – which is going to be adorable – and I just found out that I'll be playing Heather Duke in the musical version of Heathers after that! (If you're familiar with the film, it's the Shannen Dohrety part.) I'm totally ecstatic, since both shows are going to be so much fun. I'm always happiest when I have several creative outlets (which is one of the reasons why I started blogging in the first place), so I'm really looking forward to the next few months. :)
Have a great day!


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As in many churches of the Uckermark and Brandenburgs, a Taufengel was an integral part of the Brocken Church facility. Presumably he was created at the same time as altar, stalls and organ at 1708. Most likely, he was originally coloured like many of his colleagues. After centuries of service with the holding of the baptismal dish at baptismal celebrations, he was unjuiced from his fortifications after the war and thrown into a shrubbery in front of the church. Presumably he was in the open for years and was exposed to wind and weather. This treatment was very good for him. He lost part of his wings and his right arm. In addition, the hull broke into three parts. In the 1960s, the 20th century. In the 1800s, he entered the Museum of the Temple.
At the beginning of March 2011, the Angel was able to take his place in the church with a new hand and christening bowl.


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A couple of weeks ago I got to shoot for my dear friend Emily and her family. Emily and I became mothers at the same time and landed in the same mothers group together and ever since we've done weekly catch ups together. Many stories have been told over a cafe coffee and now in recent times usually at the park. With our take away coffee(s) in hand and broken chats inevitably interrupted due to a little one about to run in front of a swing or having some sort of tantrum over food/playground squabbles, we do life.
So it was my great pleasure to be able to capture her and her beautiful family a couple of weeks ago. We walked all through Centennial parklands on a beautiful sunny Sunday afternoon and took some photos, it was lovely.