text:
|Publication number||US8002949 B2|
|Application number||US 12/587,376|
|Publication date||Aug 23, 2011|
|Filing date||Oct 6, 2009|
|Priority date||Apr 9, 2001|
|Also published as||CA2410884A1, CA2410884C, US7597780, US20030188841, US20100089540, WO2002081819A1|
|Publication number||12587376, 587376, US 8002949 B2, US 8002949B2, US-B2-8002949, US8002949 B2, US8002949B2|
|Inventors||Philip Buder, Vincent Denis Landry, Charles William Alexander Stewart, Jose Enrique Castell Perez, Richard Hector Gendron, Marc Joseph Gilles Desaulniers|
|Original Assignee||Kruger Products L.P.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (33), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/297,053 , now U.S. Pat. No. 7,597,780 , filed May 21, 2003 under 37 U.S.C. 371, based on International Application No. PCT/CA02/00475, filed Apr. 8, 2002, which in turn claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/282,143, filed Apr. 9, 2001, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
This invention relates generally to tissue paper, and more specifically to tissue paper having a soft tactile feel, a process for the production of tissue paper having softeners and particular compositions of said tissues.
Tissues are widely used for a variety of uses including nose care, removal of cosmetics, eye glass cleaning and wipe ups around the home. Such tissues have gained widespread use for a variety of reasons including the relative inexpensiveness of the product and thus disposability of the tissues.
Such tissue papers require a variety of characteristics depending on their usage. For example softness is a major benefit when the tissue papers are used for nose care or removal of cosmetics. Tissues used for wipe ups, however, generally require absorbency while non-smearing is a preferred benefit when using tissue papers for eyeglass cleaning. Generally speaking most individuals prefer strength of the product for most applications.
Softness of tissues can be imparted to the substrate paper by a variety of means including mechanical and chemical processes. The resiliency, flexibility or smoothness of the tissue may perceive softness of the product.
Mechanical softness may be imparted to the paper by a variety of means including calendarizing which affects the loft or the bulkiness of the paper.
Chemical softness may be imparted to a tissue paper by means of adding or imparting chemical compounds.
For example U.S. Pat. No. 4,950,545 describes facial tissues containing a silicone compound which is incorporated into the tissue with an aqueous carrier having a smear index of 1.0 or less, a lint reduction index of 5 or greater, and sink time no more than 30 second greater than sink time of the same facial tissue without the silicon compound.
Moreover U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,282 teaches a tissue paper comprising cellulostic fibres and an effective amount of polysiloxane material, said polysiloxane being uniformly disposed on the outwardly facing surfaces of the tissue paper, said effective amount of polysiloxane being from about 0.004% to about 2% polysiloxane based on the dry fibre weight of said tissue paper, said polysiloxane having a viscosity of about 25 centistokes or more, said tissue paper after aging two weeks after its manufacture has a wetting time of two minutes or less.
Moreover U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,020 discloses tissue products made by adding one or more softeners/debonders and a silicon glycol copolymer of the paper making fibres at the wet end of the tissue machine, prior to the formation of the tissue web. Suitable softeners/debonders disclosed include organo-reactive polysiloxanes, quaternary ammonium compounds, quaternized protein compounds, phospholipids and silicon quaternaries. One such binder material is starch.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,282 also discloses the use of surfactants. Specific surfactants used in tissue paper are disclosed in an article entitled “The Roll of Silicones in Non-Woven Fabric Applications” by A. J. Sabia and R. P. Metzler in NonWovens Industry, September 1983, pp. 16 to 22 namely on page 20,
The use of a 2% amino-silicone injected into a pulp slurry has been taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,707 where a conventional tissue tissue/towel paper substrate is formed, dried and creped in a conventional manner in the formation of wet-like cleaning wipes.
It is an object of this invention to provide tissues having improved softness characteristics.
It is another object of this invention to provide creped paper tissues having improved softness characteristics for facial, hand and related personal uses.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a optimum combination of features to the substrate tissue in the softness and feel of the product by applying a composition to the tissue with low dosage costs. It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved method of producing same.
In the description that follows, like parts are marked throughout the specification and the drawings with the same respective reference numerals. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and in some instances proportions may have been exaggerated in order to more clearly depict certain features of the invention.
Overview of the Invention
Generally speaking a compound has been applied to tissue paper to impart improved softness characteristics. Amino silicone polymer is a major contributor to any gain in softness. Excellent qualities were realized with a Super Mix as defined herein. The composition or lotion is applied to the substrate by spraying or pressing unto the cellulostic fibers.
The preferred method of lotionizing a web of paper includes flexographic printing press, spraying and rotogravure printing.
The flexographic press illustrated can include heating systems, edge embossing and folder features well known to these persons skilled in the art.
For example a flexographic press with an “all over” coating roller may apply lotion. Such roller may have a 360 screen rating and a 5.6 micron cell depth where two rubber surface rollers transfer liquids from the inkwell to an anilox roller and from the anilox roller unto the moving web. Such example has been given for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The numeral 32 represents at least one ply of plain creped tissue paper which is unwound and moving under tension towards the sprayer. The idler roll 33 helps to is keep tension on the web 32 and can distribute tensile force across the web (such as for example the use of a “Mount Hope” roll).
The spray nozzle or nozzle 34 mixes together liquids or lotions 35 and air 36 before spraying. The spray nozzle 34 can be adjusted to vary the outflow of direct flow of aerated lotion 37 by changing the orifice size and the like in a manner well known to those persons skilled in the art.
The top-down orientation is not strictly necessary for spraying paper webs but helps to minimize losses by aerosol mists of lotion 38 and over spray. Supply of lotion 35 is generally kept under constant pressure, by a pump, and may be filtered and/or heated as required. The flow rate can be adjusted. The supply of air 36 such as a compressed air supply is generally kept at fairly constant pressure and filtered, dried or dry and at room temperature before spray mixing. Coated web of paper 39 leaving spraying zone is drawn to the next operation (e.g. drier unit, ply bonder, folder or rewinder).
The trial paper substrate utilized in many of the comparative studies to be described herein was comprised of Scotties Supreme 3 ply paper, however, the invention should not be limited to such tissue paper since the advantages of the invention may be realized by utilizing two ply or one ply paper or other suitable cellulostic fibers.
For example Scotties Supreme 3 ply paper can comprise of:
The term cellulostic generally refers to the tissue being cellulose but generally can include other chemicals, such as binding agents to help “glue” or “cement” the various fibers together used during typical paper making operations.
One substrate that can be utilized includes:
The compositions or lotions disclosed herein improve the tactile or softness qualities of the substrates described. Generally speaking, however, such tactile or softness characteristic are more pronounced when utilizing 55% by wt E as compared to 35% by wt E.
Compositions Used During Trial Run
More specifically the item code Am relates to an amino silicone composition which has been applied to a moving web of Scotties Supreme tissue. More specifically the item code Am relates to a diamino-functional silicone polymer which is supplied by Dow Corning under their item DC 2-8040. Typically properties of the Dow Corning DC 2-8040 of the diamino-functional silicone polymer relates to a viscosity of 800-5000 centipoise and a non-volatile content of 95%. The invention however should not be limited to the specific supplier item referred to herein but rather is an example of the amino silicone that may be used.
Likewise the item code Sur referred to in
The compound Dimethicone Copolyol may originate from other sources. Furthermore as can be seen from
The column Soh relates to silanol functional fluids which are polydimethyl siloxane polymers with terminal silanol reactivity. One example of the silanol functional fluids originates from Dow Corning and identified by the supplier item DC Q1-3563 as can be seen from
The column Sil refers to a “coupling agent” available from Dow Corning under the trade designation DC Z-6040 Silane. This material is reported to be a coupling agent for chemicals and is thought as potentially useful to improve the lotioned paper as needed. Such improvements may include bond formation or adhesion between any of the chemicals or substrates applied unto to the paper web and the paper fibers that are mainly cellulose.
The column entitled 802 Witco PA-802 relates to a blend of nonionic and cationic surfactants. In one embodiment these surfactants originate from Goldschmidt (formerly Witco) under the designation Arosurf PA-802.
Furthermore waxes were also tested as shown in
Moreover propyl-glycol was also tested and shown in
Finally polypropoxylated-stearyl alcohol was also tested and designated by the Item Code PPG supplied by Goldschmidt under their supplier number PPG-11 Stearyl Ether.
The Item Code PPG was utilized in two test runs namely a Super Mix which is hereby being used as a short form for the following approximate composition by weight percent, namely:
silanol functional fluid
white mineral oil
remainder = 100.0%
polypropoxylated stearyl alcohol.
Moreover PPG was also used in the formula by Item Code Am60/PPG40. Note Am60/PPG40 is identical to AM60/PG40, as used herein.
Objectives of the Lotionizing Trials
An 18 inch wide web of Scotties Supreme was lotionized by utilizing the composition formulas referred to above. More specifically such formulations were applied to the web of celluostic fiber by:
flexographic press with a folder
flexographic press with dryer and folder
spray nozzle with dryer and folder.
Once the lotion was applied to the web, samples were prepared into sheets of folded facial tissue. Generally speaking such samples were prepared at two to three doses for each lotion. Thereafter the samples were tested to discover the effects of the lotion on the paper by formulation and dosage so as optimize:
In particular the web of tissue was lotionized in a flexo press:
Furthermore a dryer was utilized to help distribute lotions and overcome coarse flexomat. A high temperature is generally better than ambient temperature and a dryer temperature was tried between 100 to 165 Celsius.
Furthermore interfolded tissues were prepared at web speeds of up to 600 feet per minute.
Specific Parameters for Gravure Press to Lotionized Facial Tissue
A 70 inch web of regular three ply Scotties Supreme ex HMD PM 5 was utilized in the gravure press described above at various speeds from 300 to 2000 feet per minute. Such web was lotionized with the ingredients referred to above and in particular the formula Am60/PPG40.
The lotion was transferred by a gravure cylinder unto the bottom ply of the web. The lotion add on was approximately 3% to 4% of sheet weight and somewhat decreased with speed. Printing speeds tested were approximately 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 feet per minutes. Print impression roll load can be varied from nil to 225 pounds per inch of width along the entire nip where paper web passes between the impression roll and gravure cylinder.
Such lotionized paper was then wound unto paper rolls with Am60/PPG40 at speeds to 1500 feet per minute.
For example when 101 in
Variant 104 relates to the silanol functional fluids referred to earlier. Variant 105 relates to applied 25% by weight of Z Quat and 75% by weight of Ethanol 96% (i.e. EtOH), with a calculated dose of lotion on the web of 4 Kg/MT.
Variant 107 relates to 5% of P-637 which is a proprietary commercial mixture available from ChemPro Inc., mixed with 95% water and applied to the Scotties Supreme web at 7 Kg/MT.
Variant 108 relates to the formulation AM60/PPG40 referred to earlier applied to the web at a measured dose of 91 average Kg/MT and calculated dose of 40 Kg/MT.
Variant 110 relates to 10% of P1510 which is Arosurf PA-802 (described herein), mixed with 90% water by weight.
Variant 111 and 114 relate again to the reference Scotties Supreme.
Variant 119 and 120 relate to a substrate under the trade name Solusoft WA which is a proprietary commercial mixture of principally silicone polymers at 30 to 35% by weight of an aqueous mixture as supplied by Clariant AG where variant 119 so is applied in a flexo gravure fashion while variant 120 is sprayed unto the web.
Finally variant 122 relates to applying a substrate under the trade name Tego FS41 which is available from Goldschmidt Chemical which is a proprietary commercial blend of organo-polysiloxane of approximately 32% non-volatile materials.
In each method, a gain in weight was calculated by determining the difference in weight between lotionized paper and the plain untreated paper substrate used at a time closest to the time of actual treatment.
In some cases, as for example, in methods 1 and 2 referred to above, when the weight of treated paper was less than the closest blank resulted in a negative difference, (i.e. loss rather than gain) the target rate for the bare sheet would be used.
The estimates of dose or “add-on” are then calculated and expressed in percentage terms as the algebraic ratio of the gain in weight from the lotion added to the original weight of the plain paper as used.
An analysis of the materials referred to above shows that amino silicone polymer is a major contributor to any gain in softness. A review of the figures show that the highest doses of lotion with increased compositions of amino silicone gave generally the best hand feel values. However lotions with high content of amino silicone were viscous and difficult to manage requiring high levels of dilutant (e.g. hydroxy-silicone) to decrease the viscosity of the mixture and surfactant (e.g. polyoxygenated oils) to allow water penetration to the treated paper.
It was found that amino silicone coating on paper is hydrophobic unless blended properly with suitable hydrophilic materials. Regardless, amino-silicones adhere well to paper fibers.
Moreover anhydrous lotions containing amino silicone were best for increased tissue paper softness. Water based lotions required the dryer to quickly remove excess moisture from the web before the paper disintegrates. Thus increased water content in a lotion limits the effective dose.
However non-aqueous liquids did not require a heating zone to remove water but benefited from heat energy to improve distribution of lotion ingredients through the matrix of cellulose fibers in the paper web. Furthermore, exposure to radiant heating better maintained the original post-treatment absorbency for lotionized AM60/PG40 and Super Mix samples over the 7 months of aging since preparation.
Many lotions in the past tended to decrease the tensile strength of the paper substrate. Generally speaking lotionized papers with a high improvement in softness also have low tensile strength and/or large losses in original tensile strength.
However it was unexpectedly observed that the Super Mix and compositions having amino silicones had high perception of softness and relatively good balance of tensile strength. Also unanticipated was the reduction in tissue dust or “lint” for Super Mix and AM60/PG40 lotionized paper tissued.
Moreover as can be seen from the figures paper bulk was depreciated minimally by lotionizing, but there was some indication that some of the lotions added to the loft.
Furthermore it was observed that migration of the lotion to adjacent plies occurred in the roll between printing and conversion. Initially the improved softness was felt on the treated surface of the 3 ply web. After lotionized rolls aged two weeks, it was more difficult to know which ply has been originally treated. Lotion ingredients migrated between the treated ply and adjacent plies while the rolls were stored or were in transit. This improved the sheets overall tactile.
Therefore the results of the tests referred to above showed:
(note by “appeared” we mean perceived by touch not sight)
The figures shown herein illustrate good softness for:
The Super Mix appeared relatively “wetter” while the Am60/PPG40 appeared relatively “drier” than the other by hand feel.
Hand Feel Panel Test
The hand feel test is based on a “paired-comparison” technique while the panelist assess samples “blind” without seeing them. Each sample is compared to every other sample, including reference standards, by every panelist. The preferred sample is rated on a scale from 1 to 9. Results are immediately recorded by the panel facilitator before proceeding to the next comparison. Ratings range from 1 to 9 where one is equal and nine is totally different. Three known standard samples must be used along with typically four unknown samples. Standards are intended to span the range of interest. Typically, ten panelists are included. Therefore, a typical handfeel panel generates 210 separate preference comparisons. The data points are then analyzed by a “least squares” linear regression algorithm. Statistical values of average and standard deviation are calculated for all handfeel standards and interpolated for each unknown sample for each panelist and the overall result. Similarly, panel quality control statistics are calculated for determining the accuracy (i.e. correlation coefficient r) and inconsistency (inconsistency coefficient i) for each panelist and the entire group. Results from one or more panelists and the group can be disqualified based on poor quality control data as compared against historical values. In the case of disqualifying some panelist(s), those values are excluded and the remaining panelists' data is reanalyzed. Handfeel panel data are considered satisfactory when derived from eight or more qualified participants.
By utilizing the hand feel test described one can generate world wide scott values (WWS) and determine the perceived softness when tested against a baseline sample.
Alternatively softness may be determined when more than 50% of people recognize an improved hand feel when comparing the coated paper with uncoated paper substrate.
Hand Feel Test for Quality Control
The following steps were undertaken to determine hand softness, namely:
Alternatively improved softness may be determined where more than 50% of people recognize an improved handfeel when comparing the coated paper with uncoated paper substrate.
Determining Tensiles and Stretch
The following test was conducted to determine tensiles and stretch
The following procedure was conducted to determine the wet tensile, namely:
The following procedure was utilized to determine basis weight, namely:
The following procedure is utilized to determine bulk:
Good results have also been experienced by utilizing a hydrophilic softener such as DC8600 available from Dow Corning. Furthermore the DC8600 to be described herein can be used for toilet tissue, towels, serviettes and the like.
DC 8600 hydrophilic softener is classified as hydrophilic amino copolyol as particularized in U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,215. The “backbone” polydimethylsiloxane (i.e. PDMS) is well known to be hydrophobic, but is not a greasy feeling. PDMS improves the flexibility or drape character when applied to non-woven webs with a significant content of paper fibers, thereby PDMS improves the overall tactile sensation. PDMS alone, however, causes deterioration of the fibrous web by loss of tensile strength.
Accordingly PDMS was modified by various functional groups or “side chains” along its length. Numerous polyoxygenated chains (e.g. polyethylene-polypropylene glycol allyl methyl ether) found in DC 8600 impart hydrophilicity to the molecule permitting it to be miscible with water, but this does not depreciate the handfeel. Side groups of hydrocarbon fatty alcohol radicals found in DC 8600 with varying carbon chain lengths improve the handfeel by offering a more luxurious tactile sensation, which is not greasy feeling, as these too are bound to the PDMS. Numerous amino and amide functional groups attached whether directly or indirectly to PDMS offer enhanced bonding sites with the relatively more electronegative functional groups found on adjacent surfaces (e.g. hydroxyl functional groups of the cellulose paper fibers) and/or with water molecules present in the air at typical ambient conditions of temperature and relative humidity. So called “hydrogen bonding” from water molecules can form “bridges” to occur virtually everywhere along the modified PDMS molecule between adjacent attractive groups and contribute to the spatial stability of the polymers and close fibers by intramolecular and intermolecular means. Furthermore, the amino functional groups are well known to enhance the tensile strength of the predominantly cellulose fiber matrix when so treated and, consequently, this improves the so called “wet-strength” of the web after being wetted by water or another liquid which may contain some water (e.g. ethanol).
DC 8600 lacks a significant content of water. Additional drying, therefore, is not an absolute requirement for topical application onto a dry web containing fibers of paper, etc. Experience has shown, however, that further exposure to a source of heat after such topical application removes traces of water and tends to improve dispersion of the added constituents throughout the matrix of the fibrous web and increase and/or speed up bonding adherence and/or association between any of the polymers and/or other constituents and the individual fibers of the web and/or cross-links or associations between several fibers of the web and/or cross-links or associations with any content of the 8600 to itself within the fiber matrix of the web and/or at the exterior of the web (e.g. a surface coating).
The DC 8600 hydrophilic softener can be applied topically onto the external surfaces of a moving web of non-woven fibrous material in single or multiple plies by a printing press or spray nozzle as described above. However, the DC 8600 can also be added into a water based batch of pulps and other paper making chemicals. Preferably the 8600 is added directly to the batch of pulp fibers in water before any other chemicals are added. Furthermore, agitation or mechanical mixing (e.g. in a pulper and/or refiner) with or without extra heating, will enhance the natural dispersion of the hydrophilic polymer throughout the batch and close association with, including surrounding and/or adherence to, the wet paper fibers while at the “wet-end” of a paper-machine.
The treated pulp mixture will then be processed as is typical in paper making. For example, the treated pulp mixture is released via a headbox “slot” or “jet” onto a moving wire belt (e.g. “Fourdrinier” or in addition to a Fourdrinier wire, initial de-watering can be done by a “twin wire former” where the sheet is initially de-watered as a function of fabric, tensions and roll radius) for water removal by gravity drainage then suction drainage by vacuum boxes and mechanical expression by pressing felts and by a pressure nip formed between adjacent rollers and/or vacuum suction rollers. Residual water in the semi-dry fibrous web is typically evaporated while it contacts or passes over a heated surface or heated air passing through the web, or heating means. By way of example such heat surface may be a drum dryer (i.e. Yankee), through air dryer, or the like. Additional chemicals, with varying quantities for surface coverage, are typically sprayed onto the drum dryer surface and/or the web. This is, firstly, to help adhere to bind the semi-dry web onto the contact surface of the drum dryer and, secondly, to help release the dried web during creping. One or more scraping blades are typically used to remove or “peel-off” the dry web from the dryer surface and to mechanically soften or “crepe” the paper on the rotating drum by collision of the paper with the stationary blade edge. Finally the dry web is wound into large rolls or “reels” at a moisture content of 15% or less by weight of the dry web, ideally at 10% or less moisture, and most preferably at about 4% moisture or less.
Calendaring of the dry web may or may not be completed after the treated web is dry. Calendaring is done to increase the surface smoothness or gloss of the paper. Calendaring can also be done on the just dried tissue paper web immediately after exiting the creping blade adjacent the “Yankee” drying section but before the reeling section of the paper machine, where the flat web is wound to form of reel. Typically, calendaring is done soon after reels have been made and during simultaneous unwinding of one or more reels. The paper web passes between the pinch-point or “nip” of a vertical stack of horizontal calendar rolls or cylinders and is rubbed on the exposed surfaces by contact with the rotation of the adjacent rolls' hardened polished metal (e.g. iron) surfaces). The various webs of one ply will be immediately layered, with or without physical adhesion or chemical adhesives, to form a continuous sheet with multiple plies that is then wound into a new reel or “Parent Roll”.
Such a treated web of dry non-woven fibers may or may not be completely used for forming a multiple ply sheet. It is possible to use only reels of treated single ply web for the exterior plies of a multiply sheet and untreated reel(s) for any inner ply(s) or any other combination for reasons of economy, handfeel or softness for tactile appreciation, tensile strength whether expressed as dry or wet tensile strength, cushion or bulkiness, and/or another desired paper attribute.
Typically good results were experienced by applying from 0.05% to 25% by weight of DC 8600 to a non-woven web of predominantly air-dry paper fibers by weight. Preferably, the topical applied dose ranges from 0.1% to 15% by weight. Whereas, the dose when applied by pulping is preferably 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of the dry air fibers. The paper fibers to be used are, preferably, predominantly of cellulose but could include a fraction of up to 50% by weight as lignin-cellulose and/or rayon and/or synthetic filaments.
Example of Process Description (for Coating Fibers with DC8600 in i.e. “Wet End” of a Paper Machine)
The following is an example of a process description to prepare a web of light dry creped (LDC) tissue paper whose fibers are coated with DC8600 in the “wet end” of a paper machine.
The furnish is composed of bleached softwood kraft pulp, such as Canfor HS400 pulp in a proportion of 44%, and bleached acacia pulp in a proportion of 56%. The pulp is received as dry lap and reslushed at a consistency of about 5% (solids) in a so-called pulper with “white water” recirculated from the paper machine. Once uniformly repulped, the pulp is pumped to a “dump chest” and then to a “machine chest”. Then, from the machine chest the pulp is pumped through a “refiner”.
A refiner is generally equipment made of two grooved discs—one rotating and one immobile where pulp is fed between such discs through the immobile disc. The purpose of the refiner is to develop strength by increasing the specific surface of fibers through the delamination and fibrillation. The refiner was operated at approximately 200 Mega Watts per Tonne of pulp finish.
After the refiner, the pulp continues to a “regulator”, which generally consists of a constant level regulation box. The pulp is fed to the middle chamber of the regulator and baffles are used to level the access of the pulp to the accept side and the reject side. The reject side goes to a stock return tank which is then pumped to the machine chest. The accept side is fed to the bottom of the “wire pit” into a chamber leading to the inlet of a “fan pump”. In this manner, “white water” from the wire pit is mixed with the pulp at the inlet of the fan pump. The blend is then fed to a pressure screen to remove any contaminants. The accept side of the pressure screen goes to the “headbox”. The reject side goes to a vibrating screen such as for example a Finckh screen, where the rejects are sewered and the accept goes back to the wire pit.
The headbox distributes the pulp suspension evenly across the paper machine width. The headbox throws the pulp suspension on a wire that lets part of the water (eventually called “white water”) go through to the wire pit and that retains fibers on its surface, forming the web. The wire is endless, and rotates around cylinders. The drainage area is an inclined “Fourdrinier” type. At the end of that area, the sheet is transferred to a felt with the help of a “pick up shoe”. A pick up shoe is a device that uses vacuum on the other side of the felt to transfer the sheet from the wire surface unto the felt surface.
Then another felt bottom belt joins the top felt with the sheet in the middle. This goes through a first pressing stage, where pressure is applied by means of two rolls pressing against each other. The water in the sheet is expressed to the felts and the sheet reduces its water content. After that pressing stage, the sheet remains on the top felt and continues to the second pressing stage, where the sheet is now pressed between a pressure roll (applying the pressure) and a Yankee dryer. The Yankee dryer is approximately a 12 foot diameter rotating cylinder, containing steam, used to dry the paper. Prior to the application of the sheet onto the Yankee dryer, some coating is sprayed on the Yankee dryer surface. This coating is composed of Hercules' Crepetrol 8115 (120 cc/min) and Release Agent 8312 (12 cc/min) and is sprayed on the surface of the Yankee with a water carrier. The Yankee has a tangential speed of 3100 feet per minute. The spray of Release Agent 8312 was reduced after the add-on of 5 kg of DC8600 per Tonne of air dry pulp fibers, commensurate with increasing content of the softeners in the web, and eventually “shut-off” between 5 and 10 kg of DC8600 per Tonne (i.e. 1000 kg).
The rotational speed of the reel was increased with increasing softener content on the fibrous web above approximately 5 kg of DC8600 per Tonne.
At 10 kg DC8600 per Tonne with creping adhesive Crepetrol 8115 as used, however, the web did not adhere very well to the Yankee surface causing ineffective creping. Symptoms included “loose sheet” as seen on the Yankee, poorly wound reels, a coarse crepe pattern on samples of the LDC paper and lab handfeel measurements had deteriorated.
After that second pressing stage, the sheet remains on the surface of the Yankee and undergoes the final drying step. The Yankee dryer is covered by a gas-fire hood, which contributes to dry the paper faster. Once dried and containing 3-4% moisture, the sheet is peeled off the Yankee surface by means of a “creping blade”. This blade is as long as the Yankee dryer is wide and is applied against the surface of the Yankee.
The sheet then goes through a calandering stage, where the sheet passes between two steel rolls and pressure is applied. The speed of the sheet at that point is approximately 2630 feet per minute. The surface of the sheet is made flatter and softer by this process step. Then the sheet is wound into reels and finally, two reels are rewound and calandered together at a time to produce a two ply roll that further undergoes converting into finished product.
By utilizing the process described above and the substrate or finishings described above, one embodiment of the invention illustrated that the optimum addition of DC8600 was found to be approximately 0.5% (i.e. 5 kg DC8600 per 1000 kg or 1 Tonne) by weight of air dry pulp fibers, where generally the best gain in handfeel (i.e. 7 to 8 wws units) was experienced in a sustainable process. The gain in handfeel relates to a perceived improvement by approximately 70% to 80% of a human group.
Furthermore it was observed that regardless of the added DC8600 it was preferable to include the calendering step to improve the surface feel aspect of softness of the LDC papers utilized. Otherwise without calendering the paper, any handfeel result was insignificantly different between the variants tested.
The range of basis weights for the treated paper, when machine dry after calendering can extend from 8 to 20 pounds per ream (ream defined as 3000 square feet of paper). Preferably the basis weight range for the pre-treated paper when machine dry after calendering is from 8 to 12 pounds per ream.
Moreover unlike most other paper softeners, where handfeel is improved but with a loss in tensile strength of the treated paper, it was observed that the treatment described herein substantially maintained the tensile strength in the machine dry paper web for additions to 10 kg DC8600 per Tonne air dried pulp fiber. There was also some evidence to show modest improvement in the tensile strength in the dry paper web including its wet tensile strength.
Generally speaking in the pulping process the pH is in the range of 5 to 9; more preferably 6 to 8, and still more preferably neutral. Typical temperatures of the water were used as known by people skilled in the art at around 33 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Furthermore typical Yankee temperatures were used.
Application of Microcapsules to Tissue Paper
The following relates to the application of microcapsules to tissue paper in order to impart softness and/or scent to the sheet. When shear or excessive pressure is applied to the microcapsules (as may occur during wiping or blowing one's nose, etc.) the capsules are designed to break, releasing the softening oil and/or other liquids, into the sheet and unto the skin of fingers, etc.
The microcapsules were applied by spraying suspensions of varying concentration onto a continuous moving roll of tissue paper. Dosage levels were controlled by varying the speed and spray flow rate. The apparatus used is shown in
For example a 12″-wide roll of tissue was fed into an open nip formed by a top and bottom roll and moving belt. No nip pressure was applied and the top roll remained stationary. The tissue sheet was reeled onto the winder at the opposite end of the adhesion tester, after passing under a mist of microcapsule suspension sprayed by an atomizing nozzle.
Each targeted dosage consisted of one “run”. The beginning and end of each run were indicated by tabs placed in the roll of tissue as it was being reeled. There were approximately 4-5 runs per winder roll, after which the roll was set aside and a new one started. The following day, samples from each individual run were manually re-wound on cardboard cores with the treated side of the tissue located on the inside of the rolls, as indicated by colored tape.
A detailed diagram of the spray system is shown in
Part of the flow to the nozzle valve was diverted and re-circulated back to the graduated cylinder with a Peristaltic pulp, using ⅜″ OD, (¼″ ID) Tygon tubing. This recirculation was necessary to keep the microcapsule suspension dispersed before entering the nozzle. A pressure valve (located just prior to the graduated cylinder) provided sufficient back pressure to maintain uniform flow rates.
Nozzle flow rates varied from 10-30 millilitres per minute (ML/min.), to target recommended microcapsule dosages of 0.019-0.37 g/m2 (dry basis). These dosages were obtained by trial and error, by turning the combination of back pressure, feed valve and return valves. The flow rates were measured by stopwatch from the graduated cylinders.
3. Chemical Additives
Three solutions were used to prepare the recipes in this study namely:
To prevent spoilage, each of these solutions contained small amounts of sodium benzoate at ≈0.1% w/w.
Three recipes were used, and are listed below in Table I.
TABLE 1 RECIPES SPRAYED ONTO TISSUE ACTIVE TOTAL MICROCAPS SOLIDS SOLIDS RECIPE COMMENT (%) (%) RECIPE 1 part of 34% Microcaps 4.9% 3.1% #1 Microcaps plus suspension, adhesive 10 parts of 2% CMC sol'n RECIPE 100% DIW Water only n/a n/a #2 (Water only, (control) control) RECIPE 1 part Microcaps 3.1% 3.1% #3 Microcaps Only suspension @ 34%, 10 parts DIW
Estimating the Dosages
The applied dosages were estimated by assuming the tissue sheet picked up 100% of the liquid coming out of the nozzle:
Note that the mass as sodium benzoate in the recipes was assumed negligible
Eighteen samples were prepared and manually re-wound on cardboard cores July 21. The results are summarized in Table II.
RECIPE #1. Microcaps/CMC Mixture
RECIPE #2. Control (Water Only)
Pulsing spray when
water is used
Pulsing spray when
water is used
Pulsing spray when
water is used
Pulsing spray when
water is used
Pulsing spray when
water is used
passing thru, no
RECIPE #3. Water/Microcaps Mixture
sheet on purpose.
sheet on purpose.
The results summarized in Table II point to the use of water to modify the paper by adding microcapsules containing valuable oily liquids such as fragrance or the like. These applications are useful, but depending on the water added such water will tend to deteriorate the property of the web and therefore must be carefully controlled.
Another embodiment of the invention resides in substituting the water with room temperature non-volatile non-aqueous liquids such as mineral oil based lotions or polyethylene glycol based lotions as illustrated in
As can be seen from
In particular one can see from
The fragrance type and the add on by wt/wt percent is also shown in
More specifically the DC 8600 may be included as part of the lotion to improve the tactile characteristics of the facial tissue. Since the DC 8600 may have a trace fragrance itself, the carrier system described in
less than 1% by weight of aloe
less than 1% by weight of vitamin E
less than 1% by weight of fragrance
60% DC 8600
remainder mineral oil
and applying same to a facial tissue, it was observed that the trace substances tended to “stay” with the facial tissues and good tactile feel was exhibited with the use of the DC 8600 as described above.
Various embodiments of the invention have now been described in detail. Since changes in and/or additions to the above-described best mode may be made without departing from the nature, spirit or scope of the invention, the invention is not to be limited to said details.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5059282 *||Feb 21, 1990||Oct 22, 1991||The Procter & Gamble Company||Soft tissue paper|
|US5164046 *||May 7, 1991||Nov 17, 1992||The Procter & Gamble Company||Method for making soft tissue paper using polysiloxane compound|
|US5552020 *||Jul 21, 1995||Sep 3, 1996||Kimberly-Clark Corporation||Tissue products containing softeners and silicone glycol|
|US5573637 *||Dec 19, 1994||Nov 12, 1996||The Procter & Gamble Company||Tissue paper product comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, a polysiloxane compound and binder materials|
|US5679218 *||Mar 13, 1996||Oct 21, 1997||The Procter & Gamble Company||Tissue paper containing chemically softened coarse cellulose fibers|
|US5904810 *||Oct 25, 1996||May 18, 1999||Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.||Tissue containing cationic amidoamine compounds|
|US5908707 *||Dec 5, 1996||Jun 1, 1999||The Procter & Gamble Company||Cleaning articles comprising a high internal phase inverse emulsion and a carrier with controlled absorbency|
|US6136215 *||Sep 2, 1999||Oct 24, 2000||Dow Corning Corporation||Fiber treatment composition containing amine-, polyol-, amide-functional siloxanes|
|US6432270 *||Feb 20, 2001||Aug 13, 2002||Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.||Soft absorbent tissue|
|US6528121 *||Apr 6, 2001||Mar 4, 2003||Dow Corning Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.||Aqueous treatment agent for wiping paper|
|US20040115155 *||Dec 8, 2003||Jun 17, 2004||The Procter & Gamble Company||Hair conditioning composition comprising cellulose polymer|
|WO1996004424A1 *||Jul 12, 1995||Feb 15, 1996||The Procter & Gamble Company||Soft tissue paper from coarse cellulose fibers|
|1||International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook Ninth Ed. vol. 1, 2002; Cover and pp. 2138, 185, 186 and 1188.|
|U.S. Classification||162/164.4, 162/179, 162/158, 106/287.11, 106/287.14, 162/164.6, 162/184, 162/123, 162/180|
|International Classification||D21H21/22, D21H23/00, D21H17/59, D21H17/33, D21H21/14|
|Cooperative Classification||A61K8/027, A61K8/0208, D21H21/22, C08G77/26, A61Q19/00, C08L83/04, A61K8/898, C08G77/16, D21H17/59, A61K8/731, C08G77/46|
|European Classification||D21H17/59, D21H21/22, A61K8/02C, A61K8/73C, A61K8/898, A61Q19/00, C08L83/04, A61K8/02N4|
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text:
Ashland Global Holdings reported preliminary fiscal Q1 results late Thursday, which beat expectations compiled by Capital IQ. The company also reaffirmed FY17 adjusted EBITDA guidance for two of its segments.
For fiscal Q1 ended Dec. 31, the specialty chemicals firm said adjusted EPS was $1.16 per share, down from $1.41 per share a year earlier but above the $1.06 per share consensus compiled by Capital IQ. Revenues rose to $1.19 billion from $1.16 billion and were above the $1.17 billion average estilmate.
Ashland noted it completed an initial public offering of Valvoline Inc. (VVV) in September and looking ahead, CEO William Wulfsohn said, “with the planned final separation of Valvoline just a few months away, our entire organization is squarely focused on delivering against Ashland’s 2017 plan and positioning the company for profitable growth as a pure-play specialty chemicals company.”

domain: finance


text:
Though not a household name, actress Megyn Price was one of the more familiar faces in the world of television sitcoms. A gifted student with a mind for figures, Price initially embarked on a career i...
Fichtner, driving a Scion tC, finished three seconds ahead of second-placed Ken Gushi, a professional Japanese drift racer, after 10 laps of the Long Beach street course. Actor Michael Trucco was placed third, ahead of Muniz.
Green was eighth but showed he's a winner outright when his sexy wife Megan Fox showed up to support her man.
Following the race, modest Fichtner told reporters he was thrilled by the victory, stating, "I didn't even look in the rearview mirror. I just wanted to drive my car. I know there were many drivers in the pack who could've just as easily come out on top."
Gushi spent the duration of the race battling with Fichtner and Trucco after starting 30 seconds behind the stars - the race's traditional handicap for professional drivers. He scored the fastest lap time.
True Blood star Stephen Moyer was forced to pull out of the race after flipping his car during qualifying laps on Friday (15Apr11).
Other celebrities finishing in the top 10 were: Kim Coates and Daniel Goddard.
A charity auction winner called Jerry Westlund finished 10th, ahead of Megyn Price, wrestler Tito Ortiz, pop star Kevin Jonas and Djimon Hounsou.
Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector opens with a man scratching his plumber’s-crack re-using a cotton swab to clean his ear and wearing the sleeveless shirt he uses as a towel. Naturally this is Larry (the Cable Guy) a health inspector. Halfheartedly inspecting the local food joints he’s leading the life that suits him well. But when his boss (Thomas F. Wilson) assigns him a serious-minded female partner (Iris Bahr) his world is turned upside down--or at least made less comfy. Larry’s called in to investigate “some fartin’ Jewish folks” at a swankier restaurant and learns that it’s not an isolated incident. While Larry’s unorthodox methods manage to arouse the interest of a waitress (Megyn Price) with bowel habits that he adores his tactics arouse the ire of the restaurateurs he investigates and it costs him his job. Now he’s forced to do whatever it takes to prove his innocence. Even the D-listers here must’ve gone straight to confession upon accepting these roles to help cushion their bank accounts. Let’s start with Larry the Cable Guy (of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour “Git-R-Done” fame) who is one of the most successful stand-up comics today. He’s right in his element seemingly with fart blanche on toilet humor but to the unconverted he’s a little more than grating. Speaking of grating the (hopefully) affected voice of Bahr makes the movie mostly unlistenable in addition to being unwatchable. But take pity on her for this is no way to jumpstart a movie career. Tony Hale clearly still reeling from the potential cancellation of TV’s Arrested Development (on which he plays Buster) also lowers his star and integrity with an ambiguous character here. And Joe Pantoliano shows his face. The once great character actor reaches a new low with this one even if his performance isn’t all bad. Health Inspector masters the art of the fart. But more disgusting than the settings with which the farts are juxtaposed is the ad nauseam (pun intended) level of over-usage. So congratulations go to along with fart Yoda Larry the Cable Guy director Trent Cooper who makes his feature directorial debut. And might we add what a fart-tastic debut it is! But it’s not all farts ladies and gentleman--all forms of gross-out humor are exploited unlike ever before. On the er serious side the collection of running jokes adds to a few legit laughs. Cooper helms a story that naturally doesn’t work deferring instead to Larry’s natural um charisma. The script offers no segue into Larry’s stand-up persona but anyone who sees this here flick ain’t lookin’ for no dang Oscar winner. Clearly Health Inspector will appeal to Larry’s following but is not meant for those of sound mind.
Made two appearances as a waitress in episodes of the ABC sitcom "The Drew Carey Show"
Raised in Oklahoma
Played the producer of a nightly Washington, DC newscast in "Lateline" (NBC, 1998-1999; Showtime, 1999)
Cast as Audrey in the CBS sitcom, "Rules of Engagement"
Voiced Linda Memari on three episodes of "American Dad!" (Fox)
Returned to series TV as a wife and mother in the Fox sitcom "Grounded for Life"
Appeared as Jane in "Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector" starring Larry The Cable Guy
Began acting while in high school; selected as a Presidential Scholar in senior year
Early TV credit, a guest appearance on the CBS police show "Tequila and Bonetti"
Had roles in the feature films "Love Happens" and "Mystery, Alaska"
"Here Comes the Sun", a play she wrote while still in high school, produced at a regional theater
First role as a series regular on the short-lived ABC sitcom "Common Law"
Though not a household name, actress Megyn Price was one of the more familiar faces in the world of television sitcoms. A gifted student with a mind for figures, Price initially embarked on a career in finance before making the jump to acting. Her television debut on a final season episode of the sci-fi adventure "Quantum Leap" (NBC, 1989-1993) soon led to more TV guest spots and a regular cast role on the exceptionally short-lived legal sitcom "Common Law" (ABC, 1996). Although Price occasionally picked up smaller parts in feature films like the Russell Crowe vehicle "Mystery, Alaska" (1999), it was on the small screen that she truly excelled. While another co-starring role on the Al Franken sitcom "Lateline" (NBC, 1998-2000) lasted a mere two seasons, Price's turn as thirty-something mom Claudia Finnerty on the family comedy "Grounded for Life" (The WB, 2001-05) helped establish her as a recognizable screen presence. Surrounded by a popular ensemble cast that included Patrick Warburton and David Spade, she enjoyed her lengthiest series run on the relationship sitcom "Rules of Engagement" (CBS, 2007- ) as matrimonial veteran, Audrey Bingham. Blessed with exceptional comic timing and an everywoman appeal, Price enjoyed a lengthy and prolific career in television.
Born in Norman, OK on March 24, 1971, Price and younger brother Joseph grew up in Seattle, WA. As a teen at Norman High School, Price was a high achiever. With a string of academic accolades under her belt, she was deemed the model of perfection by her classmates. A National Merit semi-finalist, Price also wrote plays, one of which, "Here Comes the Sun" landed her a Presidential Scholar accolade and a ranking in a USA Today list as one of 20 top high school students around the U.S. her senior year. Graduating in 1988, Price moved to California to study economics and communications at Stanford University. After graduation, Price started working as an investment banker at a private firm in Northern California's Marin County area. While studying at Stanford, she had acted in her off-hours at the American Conservatory Theater. She initially thought acting would be a poor career move, but a year into her job and unfulfilled, she realized that perhaps acting was a career she would actually enjoy. She contacted the one friend she knew in Los Angeles who could help her get set up. Price moved down the coast and began waiting tables to make ends meet. At a casual function, she met a casting director who steered her in the direction of the time-travel drama, "Quantum Leap" (NBC, 1989-1993) and was soon cast as star Scott Bakula's daughter in a January 1993 episode "October 16, 1968."
Price smoothly segued from "Quantum Leap" to ABC's "The Drew Carey Show" (1995-2004). In September 1995, she appeared in the first of two episodes as a no-nonsense waitress who bantered with Carey's circle of friends. She made such an impression, she returned the following January for a second dose of wisecracking. In the fall of 1996, Price rose to series regular with the ABC comedy "Common Law" (1996). After playing rising young attorney Nancy Slaton for only four episodes, the series was pulled from the air. In her personal life, she fared better, having found love with sitcom producer Bill Lawrence, whom she wed. By now, the networks were paying close attention to Price's one-two punch of smarts and sex appeal. She landed another regular series role, that of dutiful producer Gale Ingersoll on NBC's, "Lateline" (1998-2000), an Al Franken vehicle about a fictional late-night news program. The show's curious, but brief run over two seasons culminated with Showtime buying several of its un-aired episodes. During the course of "Lateline," Price was also testing the waters of feature films, starring as the lead in the indie comedy "Love Happens" in 1999 and in a small role in the big-budget David E. Kelley-scripted comedy, "Mystery, Alaska" (1999), starring the up-and-coming Russell Crowe.
By 2001, Price and Lawrence were long divorced, but she was ready to marry her long-time boyfriend, Eddie Cotner, a UCLA resident. The two had been friends in high school and reconnected years later after a phone call. She landed her third fulltime television pilot just as Cotner was accepted into his medical school residency. The two bought a house in Los Angeles and settled into domesticity. Subsequently, it was the third series that proved the charm for Price, who found a comfortable groove on the pick-up, "Grounded for Life" (The WB, 2001-05). As Claudia and Sean Finnerty, Price and co-star Donal Logue ably complimented one another as the two youngish parents of three, who realize they are still coming into maturity themselves. Price's well-received portrayal went beyond the realm of typical sitcom moms and did its part to help the series run from January 2001 to January 2005. During its run, Price branched out into theater, acting in New York and Los Angeles in "The New Living Room" and in Los Angeles in Pamela Ribon's "Call Me Crazy: The Anne Heche Monologues," which began in January 2003. In 2005, Price also put her humorous on-air presence to good use as commentator for several of VH1's "I Love the..." specials, sporadically lending her voice to episodes of Fox's animated satire "American Dad!" (2005- ).
After "Grounded for Life" bowed out from the airwaves, it was back to the big screen for Price once more, as she soon became a leading lady to another funnyman. As Jane, she turned on the charm, raising the temperature of smitten goofball health inspector Larry the Cable Guy in "Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector" (2006). Price soon returned to the world of television sitcoms on the comedy "Rules of Engagement" (CBS, 2007- ). As Audrey Bingham, she deftly maneuvered man-child husband Jeff (Patrick Warburton) as she delivered sage advice to their eternally engaged neighbors (Bianca Kajlich and Oliver Hudson) and endured the shenanigans of their spoiled bachelor friend, Russell (David Spade). Despite a rough tenure, hampered by a writers' strike in 2007 and repeated schedule changes, the show maintained a solid following.

domain: entertainment


text:
Doctrinal New Testament Commentary eBook Bundle. by Bruce R. McConkie. Cover The digital version only has the commentary. Doctrinal New Testament Commentary has ratings and 19 reviews. Derek said: Arguably the best Bruce R. McConkie. · Rating details · ratings. Doctrinal New Testament Commentary has 16 ratings and 0 reviews. This classic series uses Bruce R. McConkie. · Rating details ·
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This Doctrinal New Testament Commentary is designed to enable gospel students to learn and live the doctrines of the New Testament; to grasp the greatness and glory of our Lord’s mortal ministry; to comprehend the doctrines of the Master Teacher and of those commissioned by him to reveal pure religion to the world.
Salvation centers in Christ. Most of our knowledge of his earth-bound ministry is contained in the four Gospels. It is devoutly hope that this Commentary will help make the Gospels a living reality in the lives of gospel scholars, that it will brude them understand what they read. Jesus himself is real; the Testajent are his life story; of him they teach and testify; and a knowledge of them mccconkie essential to salvation.
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Doctrinal New Testament Commentary: Volumes by Bruce R. Paperbackpages. Published December 10th by Deseret Book Co first published To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Doctrinal New Testament Commentaryplease sign up. Be the first to ask a question about Doctrinal New Testament Commentary. Lists with This Book. Aug 23, Derek Warren rated it it was amazing. Arguably the best commentary available on the New Testament.
He brings in historical facts when they help to clarify doctrine. But as the title indicates, commentagy focus is on the precepts that are at the root of true, Gospel living. He includes the full tesatment from the King James version of the bible, broken down into consumable and logical parts. Where applicable, he includes the Joseph Smith translatio Arguably the best commentary available on the New Testament.
Doctrinal New Testament Commentary eBook Bundle
Where applicable, he includes the Joseph Smith translation. He provides not only a summary to each section a collection of from one to many verses at a time that capture some theme or doctrinal conceptbut then treats each verse, bringing out from them the core doctrines.
I don’t understand why this collection is no longer in print. But you can locate used copies easily enough maybe that’s why it’s no longer in print.
I highly recommend this series of commentaries to read along with the New Testament. You will gain a greater knowledge and testimony of Jesus Christ. You will learn more about his apostles and his gospel. Wait a second, doesn’t that make him an exegete?
Doctrinal New Testament Commentary : Volumes by Bruce R. McConkie
Seriously, this series was great. There were several spots, scattered throughout the three volumes, where I do not think he was right. For example, while it testamdnt be true that we are given blessings here in this mortal world based on things we did in the pre-mortal life, I do not believe that those who are in less favorable positions in this Those scurrilous exegetes. For example, while it may be true that we are given blessings here in this mortal world based on commentayr we did in the pre-mortal life, I do not believe that those who are in less favorable positions in this world were born into roctrinal circumstances because of their failings in our prior existence.
Also, Elder McConkie passed up too many opportunities to emphasize the desperate need we all have for a Savior, and instead, focused almost exclusively on the necessity of personal righteousness. Otherwise, these volumes were very, very good. Elder McConkie explains, with clarity and enthusiasm, the doctrines of the gospel, which are wholly consistent throughout the New Testament, no matter who is writing.
Whether Paul was speaking to the very early Corinthian saints, or John was speaking late in the first century to the strong, yet small groups of persecuted saints, they preached the same message: Finished just in time. I can’t believe I read all three in one year. Really helped me a lot with my New Testament reading. I was really struck by how many times they mentioned temporal work being necessary for your salvation.
Doctrinal New Testament Commentary: Volumes 1-3
I think lots of people think that if they are spiritual enough, temporal things just aren’t important. I would say, read the New Testament and you will see it just ain’t true. Work is essential to our salvation! You are rewarded for being brice Futur Finished just in time. Future rewards will be based on our patient endurance mccomkie all things.
The priesthood is greater than any of its offices. No office adds any power, dignity, or authority to the priesthood. An elder has all the priesthood he needs to qualify for exaltation in the highest heaven of the celestial world When a seal is put upon the father and mother, it secures their posterity, so that they cannot be lost but will be saved by virtue of the covenant of their father and mother.
Thus if both parents and children have their calling and election made sure, none so involved shall be lost; all shall come forth to an inheritance of glory and exaltation in the kingdom of God.
Jan 24, Erin rated it liked it. This is my companion for this year’s study. I am sure I will learn, or re-learn much. I took the whole year to finish. I love to read Bruce R. Sometimes he is repetitive, but that is how we learn. I love having a companion to read side by side with my scriptures.
I learn so much more. Solid research and information.
I feel like the format could be updated for a more modern flow. It would make it easier to follow. Sometimes I was confused about who said what. But the version I borrowed from the library was a first edition.
Maybe they’ve done that already? Aug 25, Erika rated it it doctronal amazing. Let’s be honest – I did not read this cover to cover, but it’s an amazing resource to help me be smarter for my seminary class! Jan 02, Clint nruce it really liked it. A great reference commentary on the New Testament for Mormons. It was a tough slog, but I actually read these three volumes all the way through. Jun 21, Kevin rated it really liked it Shelves: This was required reading in college, took new testament class.
It was good stuff. A really thick book. Jul 11, Nephi rated brucr it was amazing Shelves: Excellent collection for anyone wanting a clear explanation of the new testament. From restored gospel perspective. Jan 16, Chris rated it it was mcxonkie Shelves: A wonderful study guide to help you better understand the beautiful and profound teachings of the New Testament.
Apr 09, David rated it really liked it Shelves: The best commentary on the New Testiment and practically the only way to survive Paul for the uninitiated.
This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers. To view it, click here. Aug 23, Ernie Dawson rated it really liked it. I read all 3 volumes. Jul 11, Amber rated it it was amazing.
Great as a companion study to the Clmmentary testament. Oct 02, Cindy rated it liked it. These books contain a lot of information, but are informative. Jul 08, Kurt rated it it was amazing. May 23, Chrissy is currently reading it. I love this book. It is really helping me with my scripture study.

domain: literature


text:
Organist Jane Watts returns to the Brangwyn Hall, Swansea to give her first recital there since 2007.
Her programme includes two works by William Lloyd Webber, father of Andrew and Julian, himself a very gifted organist who was Miss Watts’ theory professor at the Royal College of Music, and a work by Richard Popplewell, her organ professor there.
“Seldom do you hear an instrumentalist so confident and capable as Jane Watts: she demonstrated total self-possession, in addition to ample musical knowledge” – so wrote the reviewer in New York – The Sun of her recital in Trinity Church, Wall Street, New York City, a recital which marked Miss Watts’ ninth visit to the USA since her American debut in 1991.
The internationally-acclaimed Welsh organist continues to enjoy a career that has taken her all over the world. In addition to the USA Jane Watts has given recitals in Europe, Hong Kong, Barbados, Australia and New Zealand, together with numerous appearances in festivals and concerts throughout the United Kingdom. She has been both a soloist in, and a jury member of, the St Albans International Organ Festival. British highlights include the inaugural recital in October 2018 on the restored organ in the Welsh Church of Central London, opening the 2018 Summer series in Ripon Cathedral, opening the 2019 series in St Alphage, Burnt Oak and performances during 2019 and 2020 in Norwich Cathedral, Chester Cathedral, the Llandeilo Festival, Y Tabernacl, Cardiff and for the Alton Organ Society. Jane Watts was the organist in the 2018 BBC Proms performance of Mahler’s 8th Symphony, with the BBC NOW under Thomas Sondergard. Subsequently she appeared with the same orchestra under Adrian Partington as organist in Stanford’s Mass ‘Via Victrix’, and under Mark Wigglesworth in Britten’s ‘War Requiem’: all three concerts were broadcast on BBC Radio 3. In October 2019 she returned for a third time to Bloomsbury Central Baptist Church, London to give her 60th birthday recital. A concert as soloist in the Royal Albert Hall in July 2021 had unfortunately to be cancelled due to Covid restrictions.
Jane Watts has recorded exclusively for Priory Records since 1988. “From the first few bars, you can tell why Jane Watts’ performances have gathered such superlatives” began the review in Gramophone magazine of her recording made on the organ of the Ulster Hall, Belfast. Other recital recordings, including those from Westminster Abbey, Chartres Cathedral, Sydney Town Hall and Wellington Cathedral, New Zealand have been equally well received, as has a CD of Handel Organ Concertos, and of world premiere recordings of the two Organ Concertos of Richard Popplewell, both these CDs being under the direction of Sir David Willcocks.
Jane Watts has also made numerous recital recordings for BBC Radio 3 in Britain, France and Germany, and broadcast on radio in America, Australia and New Zealand. She was organist of The Bach Choir, initially appointed by Sir David Willcocks and subsequently under David Hill, from 1991 until 2010, her departure resulting from the latter’s requirement that the postholder act also as Assistant Conductor. In addition to appearing as a soloist with the Choir throughout the world, she has also featured in its recordings: during the Choir’s visit to the 10th Al Bustan Festival in Beirut, she undertook the formidable organ part in the world premiere of Naji Hakim’s Gloria.
Amongst the orchestras with which Jane Watts has appeared as soloist are the BBC National Orchestra of Wales, the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the Ulster Orchestra, the London Mozart Players and the Bournemouth Sinfonietta. Conductors with whom she has appeared as soloist include Matthias Bamert, Richard Hickox, Graeme Jenkins, Grant Llewellyn, John Mauceri (with whom she made her debut at the BBC Proms), Sir Roger Norrington, Tadaaki Otaka, Howard Shelley, Yan Pascal Tortelier and Sir David Willcocks.
Miss Watts’ recital is sponsored by the Friends of the Swansea Festival.
C Hubert Parry – Fantasia and Fugue in G
William Lloyd Webber – Arietta & Festal March
Richard Popplewell – Elegy
Alexandre Guilmant – Sonata No.1 in D minor, Op.42
Primary school gets Amazon gardening help
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domain: artistic


As Missouri lawmakers prepare to build the new state budget, they will be dealing with a bleak revenue outlook—and scant prospects for improvement, experts say.
The state collected $120 million less in individual income tax payments last year than in 2017, according to budget officials. A more dire picture appears in the daily collection reports from the Missouri Department of Revenue. On January 10, income tax revenue was down $425 million from the same date a year ago.
Missouri enjoys one of the nation’s lowest unemployment rates—3.0 percent in November—but it hasn’t spurred large economic growth.
“You have low unemployment but low growth,” Iowa State University economics professor David Swenson said. “That does not translate into robust revenue expectations for the upcoming year.”
If the revenue forecast worsens, the options are limited. Missouri can’t raise taxes without voter approval. If budget cuts are necessary, K-12 and higher education are likely to take the hit.
Gov. Mike Parson can withhold money from the budget when the state is financially squeezed, and restore it if conditions improve. He downplayed fiscal concerns in a statement earlier this week.
“(The) State Budget Director believes that the state is in a strong financial position and there is no need to make withholdings to programs at this time,” he said “Missouri taxpayers have been able to keep more of their hard earned money, directly benefiting from a series of state and federal income tax cuts, which we strongly support.”
But the 2014 tax cut—still being phased in—has not paid off with the kind of economic growth Republican supporters envisioned.
A leading Democrat on the Missouri House budget committee cited the cut as the reason for low revenue growth. It will cost the state $320 million in the upcoming fiscal year.
“What happens if the state doesn’t keep up with growth even in relatively good times?” Rep. Kip Kendrick, D-Columbia. “The next downturn would look pretty devastating for the state.”
House Speaker Elijah Haahr, R-Springfield, said he’s “very happy” with Missouri’s tax cuts.
“Our state continues to grow, unemployment’s low,” Haahr said. “I think our tax policy in both 2014, the one we passed last year...I think those are all very helpful to the state’s economy.”
Asked about the revenue drain, Haahr dismissed it as an issue.
“It’s always easy to say oh because of this we lost all this money,” he said “We don’t know how that growth would have changed depending upon whether or not we’d done the tax cut.”
Missouri was one of 40 states that took in more money than forecast in fiscal 2018 (which ended Sept. 30), according to a survey by the National Association of State Budget Officers. It carried a $280 million surplus into FY 2019, but is now one of just five states with revenue collections coming in below projections.
Only one state west of Missouri, Idaho, was in similar straits. The others were on the east coast: New York, North Carolina and Maine.
The story is far different in Kansas, which was plagued by budget shortfalls during the tax cuts of the Gov. Sam Brownback era. Before the GOP-controlled legislature overrode his veto of a tax increase in 2017, the state routinely missed revenue targets, which led to repeated budget cuts. It is one reason the state is sitting on a $100 million surplus.
The difference between Kansas and Missouri comes down to tax rates, said Ken Kriz, a professor at the University of Illinois at Springfield who has studied Brownback’s tax cuts.
The argument that an increase in economic growth will pay for the lost revenue “has almost never worked out,” Kriz said.
“I really don’t think that fiscal policy that states undertake in the short run can have much impact on the economy,” he said.
With the exception of portion of 2018, Missouri’s economic growth has trailed the national rate the last 15 to 20 years. The most recent federal data shows that from 2016 to 2017, payroll employment in Missouri grew by 1.06 percent.
“(That’s) an extremely low rate of employment growth,” Iowa State’s Swenson said.
Joseph Haslag, an economics professor at the University of Missouri and chief economist for the conservative Show-Me Institute, said there are multiple reasons. One may be state and local governments’ increasing use of tax credits, TIFs and other incentives to spur new development or job creation.
“The rosiest optimist is going to say somehow it looks like we might have turned a corner and with the low unemployment rate maybe things are going to go really well,” Haslag said.
He added: “I’m not terribly hopeful that the growth picture is going to pick up. I just don’t see what the trigger would be that would spark us into a significant uptick in our growth rate.”
Sen. Dan Hegeman, a Republican from Andrew County who leads the chamber’s appropriations committee, pointed to earlier errors in the state’s withholding tables as a possible reason for the revenue situation.
The Senate budget chief made it clear Republicans in the state are aware of the turmoil that followed Brownback’s tax cuts in Kansas.
“We’ve seen our friends to the west’s experiment,” Hegeman said. “I think we’re being duly cautious.”
The Star’s Jason Hancock contributed to this report.


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The global fuel additives market, though often overshadowed by the roaring engine of the oil and gas industry, plays a crucial role in optimizing fuel performance and efficiency. From cleaning engine deposits to boosting octane levels, these chemical concoctions enhance our driving experience and influence the environmental footprint of our vehicles. This report delves into the current landscape of the fuel additives market, analyzing its key developments, market share dynamics, and projected growth trajectory for the period 2023-2028.
Market Size and Growth Projections:
In 2023, the global fuel additives market stood at a valuation of around USD 6.54 billion, with a projected CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 3.28% between 2023 and 2028. This translates to a market size of approximately USD 7.98 billion by 2028, indicating a steady and sustained growth trajectory. The Asia Pacific (APAC) region currently holds the reins as the largest market, driven by a burgeoning automotive sector and stricter emission regulations. Europe and North America follow closely, with their established automobile industries and growing awareness of fuel efficiency and environmental concerns.
Key Drivers of Market Growth:
Several factors are propelling the fuel additives market forward:
- Rising Demand for Fuel Efficiency: Consumers are increasingly seeking vehicles that offer optimal mileage and reduced fuel consumption. Fuel additives, particularly those that improve combustion efficiency and octane levels, cater to this demand by maximizing energy output per unit of fuel.
- Stringent Emission Regulations: Governments across the globe are implementing stricter emission standards to combat air pollution and mitigate climate change. Fuel additives that reduce engine emissions, such as detergent additives and cetane improvers, play a crucial role in complying with these regulations and minimizing the environmental impact of fossil fuels.
- Focus on Engine Maintenance: Prolonging the life and performance of vehicles is a priority for motorists. Fuel additives with cleaning and corrosion-inhibiting properties help maintain engine health by preventing deposit buildup and wear and tear, leading to reduced maintenance costs and extended vehicle lifespan.
- Adoption of Alternative Fuels: The integration of biofuels and renewable diesel into the fuel mix necessitates the use of specific fuel additives to ensure compatibility and optimal performance. This opens up new avenues for market growth within the fuel additives domain.
Market Landscape and Key Players:
The fuel additives market is characterized by a competitive landscape with a mix of established players and emerging entrants. Leading companies include Afton Chemical, Infineum, Lubrizol Corporation, BASF, Chevron Oronite, and ExxonMobil. These companies invest heavily in research and development to create innovative and specialized fuel additives that cater to diverse needs and fuel types. Smaller regional players also contribute to the market, focusing on specific niches and geographical markets.
Key Developments and Emerging Trends:
The fuel additives market is witnessing several exciting developments:
- Focus on Bio-based Additives: Sustainability is a key trend, with manufacturers developing fuel additives derived from renewable sources like plant oils and agricultural waste. These bio-based alternatives offer a lower environmental footprint compared to traditional petroleum-based additives.
- Digitalization and Smart Additives: The integration of sensor technology and AI in fuel additives is opening up new possibilities for real-time performance monitoring and adaptive adjustments. This paves the way for "smart" additives that can optimize fuel efficiency and engine performance for individual vehicles under specific driving conditions.
- Focus on Emerging Fuel Types: The rise of electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells demands new types of fuel additives specifically designed for these alternative powertrains. Research and development efforts are underway to create additives that enhance the efficiency and durability of these newer technologies.
Challenges and Threats:
Despite its promising outlook, the fuel additives market faces certain challenges:
- Fluctuating Oil Prices: Volatile oil prices can impact the cost of manufacturing and distributing fuel additives, leading to market instability and price fluctuations.
- Stringent Regulatory Landscape: Continuously evolving emission regulations necessitate the development of new and compliant fuel additives, increasing research and development costs.
- Competition from Alternative Fuels: The growing adoption of electric vehicles and other alternative fuels could potentially pose a long-term threat to the demand for traditional fuel additives.
Market Share Analysis and Future Outlook:
The market share for fuel additives is fragmented, with no single player dominating the industry. The top five companies collectively hold major market share, with the remaining portion distributed among smaller regional players and private brands. The future of the market is expected to be driven by innovation, sustainability, and strategic partnerships. Companies that invest in research and development, embrace bio-based solutions, and forge alliances with fuel producers and automotive manufacturers are likely to gain a competitive edge.

domain: economics


text:
Oreo Mini Chocolate Sandwich Cookies Snak-Saks
12 ct / 8 ozUPC: 1004400001592
Purchase OptionsSold and Shipped by
OREO Mini Chocolate Sandwich Cookies pack classic flavor into a tiny cookie that's perfect for snacking and topping desserts.
- Mini chocolate cookies with classic OREO creme
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domain: food


text: Greetings from UK and Netherlands! (I move between the two occasionally). I am really looking forward to play this game. Too bad after 5 hours of downloading the client I had some type of error so downloading client again (another 5 hours...). I hope it works this time and hope to meet some of you fine folks in game!

domain: game


|Monthly Tech-Tip |
This is the smallest one they have and plenty big enough for this purpose. It arrived within a few days after ordering.
Making your own sieve shaker
All you need is an inexpensive vibration motor from Amazon, a five gallon pail, some metal and welding and 3D-printed collars to hold the sieve in place.


The Tbilisi City Court refused to satisfy the petition of Mikheil Saakashvili's lawyers, who asked to release the former president from punishment or postpone its execution. This is reported by the First Channel of Georgia. The application has been pending since December.
Saakashvili returned to his homeland in October 2021 and was immediately arrested, since back in 2018 a Georgian court sentenced him in absentia to six years in prison, finding him guilty of abuse of power. By May 2022, the health of the ex-president was so undermined that he was transferred to the hospital.
Several dozen doctors testified that Saakashvili was in serious condition. Among the diagnoses made to the politician are dementia and "intoxication of the body", in addition, during the time of imprisonment, he lost more than 40 kg. Specialists insisted that Saakashvili was not receiving the necessary treatment and that he needed to be transported to the United States or the European Union. On January 31, it became known that the politician was in critical condition, and he was transferred to intensive care.
In early February, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky accused the Georgian authorities of "slowly killing" Saakashvili and demanded his release. Saakashvili himself has previously stated that he was poisoned in prison.


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Female male reassignment sexual surgery - Novel writing assignment
MTF Surgery Procedures » MTF Vaginoplasty MTF Vaginoplasty: What Patients Need To Know Before Choosing a Technique. Subject terms: “ Medical ethics ” Surgery, Sexes, Reproductive system, Child development Babies Abstract. The number is probably greatly exaggerated today. Pangender — Pangender is similar to androgyny in that the person identifies as a third gender with some combination of both male , female aspects but it’ s a little more can. For transgender patients penile inverted skin flap presents the best option. By Alice Domurat Dreger.
Vaginoplasty ( neovaginoplasty) is a reconstructive surgical procedure for creating a neovagina. Chettawut’ s non penile inversion technique is one stage male to female sex reassignment surgery which provides the best possible vulva appearance sexual pleasure physiological function of the vagina. On the bright side, sexual reassignment procedures ( a.
This way fully sensate sufficient vagina is created enabling. The following trans- sexuality-, gender- activism- related terms regularly appear in my writings. Female to male phalloplasty and how to get transsexual GRS surgery.
Ethical issues in. Most other links will take you to the glossary entry for that particular word or phrase. Transgender hormone therapy of the female- to- male ( FTM) type also known as masculinizing hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy , androgynous) to is one of two types of transgender hormone therapy ( the other being male- to- female), sex reassignment therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from feminine ( is. Thoughts to consider about genital reconstruction surgery If you are considering GRS scarring, aesthetics, it is wise to research the available methods , keep an open mind about the things that are important to you ( sexual sensation, placement of penis, surgeons as much as possible, ability to urinate standing up, costs, size of penis etc.
Penile inversion technique includes creation of fully sensate neovagina from an inverted pedicled island penile skin flap and vascularized urethral flap. Garramone is the current World’ s Surgical Authority on GenSculpt™ FTM Top Surgery ® ( Female To Male Transgender Chest Surgery) and the ManSculpture ® Procedure ( Body Masculinization). Female male reassignment sexual surgery. Female male reassignment sexual surgery.
Male to Female Surgery. Republished with kind permission from The Hastings Center Report May/ Jun 1998 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 24- 35.
Subject terms: “ Medical ethics ” Surgery, Sexes, Reproductive system, Child development Babies. Penile inversion technique VAGINOPLASTY - PENILE INVERSION TECHNIQUE. MTF Vaginoplasty is a male to female Gender Reassignment Surgery procedure that transforms natal male genitals into a functional, aesthetically pleasing vagina. This is a depressing term to start off a glossary.Gender reassignment surgery) have a very high success rate if proper protocols are followed. 50% Rule: A common belief was once that 50% of all transsexuals die before the age of 30, usually by suicide.
Rumer performsMTF gender reassignment surgeries every year. She offers the full range of surgical procedures for trans t every transgender female pursues a sex change genital reconstruction surgery, but those who do are met with several choices based on their needs goals. In addition to the definition links to further discussion ( sometimes citing passages from my books Whipping Girl, Excluded Outspoken).
Sex reassignment surgery for male- to- female involves reshaping the male genitals into a form with the appearance of, and, as far as possible, the function of female fore any surgery, patients usually undergo hormone replacement therapy ( HRT), and, depending on the age at which HRT begins, facial hair removal. There are associated surgeries patients may elect to, including x reassignment surgery for male- to- female transsexuals.
Duality jekyll and hyde essay
Bal shoshan essay
Sexual Deal essay
Historical Background Transsexualism is not a " modern discovery". Instead it is a not- uncommon, naturally- occurring variation in human gendering that has been observed and documented since der- confirmation surgeries— the name given to procedures that change the physical appearance and function of sexual characteristics— increased by 20 percent from to in the U. Reed, After male to female sex change vaginoplasty, will I be wet down there? Veronica Dear Veronica, Vaginal moisture, wetness, or lubrication occurs in a natal female only when they are nden M, Walinder J, Lundstrom B. Clinical characteristics of a total cohort of female and male applicants for sex reassignment: A descriptive study.

domain: medical


The National Rugby League today issued a Breach Notice to the Canberra Raiders concerning coach Ricky Stuart.
The Notice alleges Stuart failed to comply with the game's Code of Conduct at Sunday's match against the New Zealand Warriors when he threw a water bottle, with force, out of the coach's box during the match.
The NRL has proposed a wholly suspended $10,000 fine for those actions. The NRL has also issued Stuart with a warning concerning his comments regarding the performance of the referees at the post match media conference.
NRL Chief Executive Andrew Abdo reminded all coaches not to leave their behaviour open to question during the Finals Series.
"We expect our coaches to set the standard for behaviour within our clubs and Ricky's conduct on Sunday is not the image we want to portray to our fans. This is effectively a good behaviour bond. If there's a repeat then the fine will be enforced. It should act as another reminder to all coaches," he said.
Mr Abdo reminded Stuart not to leave his post match comments open for question.
"Any public comments in media conferences which cross the line into questioning the competence, professionalism or integrity of our match officials are treated very seriously by the NRL and we make no apologies for that. On this occasion, Ricky's comments went very close to crossing that line and he has been warned concerning that. The NRL makes many processes available to Head Coaches to discuss on-field matters in a way which preserves the respect due to everyone who works in our Game.
"I have spoken directly with Ricky about this matter and I thank him for his cooperation. I took into account the leadership Ricky showed during his post-match commentary after last year's Grand Final when determining a penalty."
The Club has five working days to respond to the Breach Notice.


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Dr. Michele Savel, the owner of Kiddsmiles Pediatric Dentistry has offices in North Babylon, Holbrook, Manhasset, and is opening her fourth location in Merrick. In addition to Dr. Savel, Kiddsmiles Pediatric Dentistry employs six other pediatric dentists all of whom are Board Certified with the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Kiddsmiles, Long Islands largest Pediatric Dental practice employs an all-female staff, which they feel provides a more nurturing and gentle environment. Dr. Michele's Kiddsmiles also specializes with special needs children and participates with most local and State insurance plans.
Contact Me About Kiddsmiles Pediatric Dentistry
Read More About Kiddsmiles Pediatric Dentistry

domain: health


text:
I know I have said it a lot of times but I am going to say this again. Taeyeon & Tiffany loves each other and they really want to get married in the future... SONE and TaeNy shipper since 2007 and trust me. The day will come!
Ive been listening to this song the day it was released and i only looked up the english translation today. This was really such a sad song 😢😢😢 No wonder I can feel the emotions through TaeNy's singing without understanding its meaning for the past 5 years
I know the fact that taengsic blends well but is it really that hard to enjoy the music without comparing who suits who? They chose taeny to sing this song not taengsic. If you're really into taengsic thingy then go find yourself a taengsic duet. if you dont like their duet then at least respect their efforts.
the lyrics tho, "i love you, its alright even if i have to wait forever. i'll be smiling when you come back to me again."
it describe the current situation between SONES and Tiffany. T_T #bringtiffanyhwangbacktomylife
it's almost like none of y'all understand taeyeon and tiffany's relationship. stop saying "oh seohyun should sing this oh jessica would sound better with this", it's not about how sounds BETTER for the song, it's about taeyeon and tiffany singing together bc they've been best friends since 2006
I don't know but every time I listen to this song. My heart is in pain. Even though, I don't understand the song both of them have definitely break the language barrier and bring out the emotion of the song which is one of the reason why this is one of my favorite K-pop song of all time. It will always stand the test of time.
Tiffany Li Actually there's no better voice, but there's better technique. Color of voice is something that goes with your preference. I just love Tiffany tone, her voice (and Taeyeon's) was one the things that captured me the most when I first got to Snds. Jessica's tone is something I can't stand, but her technique is better than Tiffany's. One thing her stans will never admit is that Jessica wasn't that good of a vocalist l. She is, along with Seohyeon, an avarege to above a. vocalist (one can say Seohyeon is slightly better), however her fans will never, ever accpet that. People should just enjoy the music and stop nagging others over silly things.
What makes this song heartbreaking is because of the lyrics and because I know how close Taeyeon with Tiffany..People may think Seo/Jess suit this song with Tiffany, but I prefer Taeny because I really can feel their sincerity in this song.. the emotion in this song is so touching..
+D.E.B. B yes.. for me, eventhough u can sing as good as beyonce or mariah carey but u doesnt put emotion in it.. it just a plain song.. emotion come first when u singing.. because when u sing with heart, that is more sincere.. only heart can touch a heart..
There's more to it. Even if you have no idea of what they're saying, you can feel the emotion in their voices. I don't speak Korean, but the first time I watched them perform this on sketchbook they had me in tears.
For some reason i felt like this would sound a lot better with taeyeon and jessica instead. Well, because their voices are quite suitable for ballad song and they harmonized a lot better (just like the intro in "into the new world" ballad ver). Though i personally like tiffany's voice especially for RNB genre (like the "Cater 2 u")... But still, THIS IS ONE OF THE BEST AND MY FAVE SONG OF SNSD!! I THINK IT WILL BE A GRAT OST FOR K-DRAMAS!! 💓💓💓
Seohyun's voice would suit this track better than Tiffany's. I say that from a critical standpoint considering none of these girls are my bias. But Seo has a versatile voice tonal wise. She can be a powerhouse and logato when need be and this song seems to require a balance of both. Tiffany is a great singer but the nature of her voice is powerful and that isn't her fault. I just feel Seo would've been the better choice.
if you read these lyrics as two girls singing to each other about how they can't be together, this is a really fucking raw song. i have no idea if this was the intent of whoever wrote it, but especially with tae and tiff's voices it perfectly captures the feeling of loving someone you're not 'supposed' to, and trying to force your feelings to defer to expectations. god damn my little lesbian heart hurts


U.S. service members have reported a spike in sexual assaults, especially young women, according to a confidential survey released by the Pentagon in February 2019(U.S. Marine Corps photo)
WASHINGTON — Congress could intervene in legal cases on behalf of military members who have been sexually assaulted under a new bill co-sponsored by a bipartisan group of lawmakers led by Rep. Brian Mast.
The Florida Republican in late April introduced "Harmony's Law," named after his constituent Harmony Allen, who was raped by an instructor just three months after joining in the U.S. Air Force in 2000.
The Senate Armed Services Committee hears from military leaders. (Adrian Cadiz/U.S. Air Force.
Several senators have signed onto new legislation which would give the Defense Department more responsibility and oversight of privatized housing companies, as well as more rights regarding clean and safe housing environment for tenants.
The Military Housing Oversight and Service Member Protection Act, embedded below, was proposed by Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) and Rep. Deb Haaland (D-Hawaii), both on the Senate and House Armed Services Committees. Other co-sponsors include SASC members Sens. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.), and Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.).
"Our service members make sacrifices to protect our country, and they and their families deserve safe, affordable housing that isn't falling apart around them," Warren said. "This bill will eliminate the kind of corner-cutting and neglect the Defense Department should never have let these private housing providers get away with in the first place."
U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin shake hands as they hold a joint news conference after their meeting in Helsinki, Finland, July 16, 2018. REUTERS/Leonhard Foeger/File Photo
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke for more than an hour on Friday, discussing the possibility of a new nuclear accord, North Korean denuclearization, Ukraine and the political situation in Venezuela, the White House said.
A rainbow flag is placed in the ground for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Pride Month during the Picnic in the Park at Nussbaumer Park, June 27, 2015, in Fairbanks, Alaska. (U.S. Air Force/Senior Airman Ashley Nicole Taylor)
Two weeks in, five defying states.
Nevada, Washington, Oregon and New Mexico have joined California in defying the Trump administration ban on transgender military, which went into effect April 12.
Marine veteran Rep. Seth Moulton has officially jumped into the 2020 presidential race, promising to speak extensively about patriotism, service, and national security as part of his message.
Mouton, who deployed to Iraq four times, is currently a congressman from Massachusetts. He told ABC News' George Stephanopoulos on Monday that he has long valued service to the country.
"That's why I joined the Marines," Moulton told Stephanopoulos. "It's why I ran for Congress to try to prevent what I saw got us into Iraq from happening again, and it's why I'm running to take on the most divisive president in American history."