|Publication number||US7262628 B2|
|Application number||US 10/884,840|
|Publication date||28 Aug 2007|
|Filing date||2 Jul 2004|
|Priority date||2 Jul 2004|
|Also published as||US7960951, US20060001408, US20070257650|
|Publication number||10884840, 884840, US 7262628 B2, US 7262628B2, US-B2-7262628, US7262628 B2, US7262628B2|
|Inventors||Scott Wilson Southwell, Benjamim Tang, Robert T. Carroll, Steven Joseph Schulte|
|Original Assignee||Primarion, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (54), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application includes subject matter that is related to the following patent applications, commonly assigned to the assignee of the present application, that are hereby incorporated herein by reference:
1. SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGHLY PHASED POWER REGULATION, Ser. No. 10/112,738 filed Apr. 1, 2002, inventors: Duffy, et al, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,294.
2. SYSTEM, DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING VOLTAGE REGULATION TO A MICROELECTRONIC DEVICE, Ser. No. 10/103,980, filed Mar. 22, 2002, inventors: Duffy et al.
3. SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CURRENT HANDLING IN A DIGITALLY CONTROLLED POWER CONVERTER, Ser. No. 10/237,903, filed Sep. 9, 2002, inventors: Duffy et al.
4. SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGHLY PHASED POWER REGULATION, Ser. No. 09/975,195, filed Oct. 10, 2001, inventors: Duffy et al.
5. SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGHLY PHASED POWER REGULATION USING ADAPTIVE COMPENSATION CONTROL, Ser. No. 09/978,294, filed Oct. 15, 2001, inventors: Goodfellow et al.
6. SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGHLY PHASED POWER REGULATION USING ADAPTIVE COMPENSATION CONTROL, Ser. No. 10/109,801, filed Oct. 15, 2001, inventors: Goodfellow et al.
1. Technical Field of Invention
The present invention relates, generally, to power regulation systems and, in particular, to providing precisely regulated power to a microelectronic device such as a microprocessor. Precision power regulation is accomplished by accurate lossless current measurements, temperature compensation and digital calibration.
2. Background of the Invention
Regulated power supplies or voltage regulators are typically required to provide the voltage and current supply to microelectronic devices. The regulator is designed to deliver power from a primary source to an electrical load at the specified current, voltage, and power efficiency. Switching power converters (SPC) also referred to as Buck regulators are commonly used voltage regulators due to their high efficiency, high current capability, and topology flexibility. In addition, they can be designed to provide very precise voltage and current characteristics required by devices such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory devices, and the like.
Power requirements for emerging leading edge technology microprocessors have become very difficult to satisfy. As the speed and integration of microprocessors increases, the demands on the power regulation system increase. In particular, as gate counts increase, the power regulation current demand increases, the operating voltage decreases and transient events (e.g. relatively large voltage spikes or droops at the load) typically increase in both magnitude and frequency. Some emerging microprocessors are expected to run on less than 1.3 volts and more than 100 amperes.
SPC's utilizing step-down multi-phase Buck converters have been the preferred topology to meet the low voltage and high current requirements of microprocessors. With the advent of increasingly complex power regulation topologies, digital techniques for power converter control, specifically in multiphase designs, can improve precision and reduce the system's total parts count while also supporting multiple applications in the same power system through digitally programmable feedback control.
Existing feedback controls have taken voltage measurements from the load, as well as from the individual output phases. The feedback information has been used to adjust the width of the pulses produced by each of the phases of a multi-phase buck regulator system to bring the supplied voltage and current within the load line tolerances specified by the microprocessor manufacturer. Active Transient Response (ATR) has been used for high frequency response to rapidly changing power requirements at the load by quickly activating multiple phases to supply or drain (as the case required) more current to or from the load, thereby temporarily over riding the generally slower overall voltage regulator system response.
The measurement of load current is important for meeting microprocessor power requirements that specify a load line and active voltage positioning by defining narrow parameters within which current must be supplied at a specified voltage. In addition, leading edge microprocessors may specify current levels that must not be exceeded to avoid damage. Nevertheless, realization of accurately measured current amplitude has been problematic.
One way of measuring load current would be to insert a precision resistor in the load current path. For example, the precision resistor can be inserted In series with the inductor to measure current through each phase of the high side FETs. As another example, a precision resistor can be connected between the low side FET and ground. The voltage across the precision resistor divided by the known value of the resistor provides the amplitude of the current. This technique is lossy as the precision resistor consumes power and generates heat. This heat generation and power loss is a substantial problem that is even more significant when operating under battery power.
The power loss can be reduced by inserting a resistor and taking a current measurement in only one phase and extrapolating that measurement to approximate the current in the other phases. However, this reduces the accuracy of the measurements and fails to provide information for balancing the channels. Moreover, the power that is consumed and the heat that is generated by this lossy technique is still excessive and undesirable.
The present application describes techniques for accurately measuring load current in a lossless way and utilizing such accurate current measurements for improved power regulation to the load.
The current measurements can be taken at various points in the circuitry, all in a lossless (or quasi-lossless) way. By way of example, the current measurement can be taken at the inductor, at the high side FET or at the low side FET. The current measurement can then be used to calibrate the voltage regulator (VR).
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the on resistance of the drain to source path (RDSON) of a low side FET is determined by coupling a precise current source to the load. The RDSON is determined by first measuring the voltage at the low side FET when the load is in its quiescent state so that only leakage current is present. This first measurement is stored. A second voltage measurement is taken with the injection of a precise known current at the load. The second voltage is caused by the known current plus the leakage current. A comparison of the first and second measured voltages (e.g. by subtracting one voltage from the other) provides the voltage caused by the known current and a simple division of that voltage by the known current provides the RDSON value. This measurement and determination of RDSON is then performed for each phase of a multi-phase system.
However, it is known that RDSON varies with temperature, increasing approximately 0.39% per degree Centigrade. Accordingly, the invention provides for also storing the temperature at which RDSON is measured. In accordance with the invention, measured temperatures are stored. The non-linear aspects of temperature variations are compensated.
Other factors that can be compensated through calibration with current measurements include variations in current sense amplifier characteristics, voltage offset caused by leakage current at the load as well as the inductance of package leads. In accordance with the present invention, these effects can also be measured and compensated.
In accordance with another embodiment of this invention, current is measured at the high side FET. This can be accomplished, for example, by placing a current mirror and precision resistor in parallel with the high side FET. The voltage across the precision resistor is a measure of the current, which is at a known ratio with the actual current through the high side FET. The effective resistance (Reffective) is equal to the value of the precision current mirror resistor (Rmirror) divided by the mirror current ratio. The measurement can be taken twice, as in the aforementioned embodiment, to separately measure the leakage current. Even with the use of the precision current mirror resistor, this method is near lossless as the current passing through the current mirror is a small fraction (current mirror ratio) of the load current.
In accordance with a still further embodiment of the invention, the lossless current measurement is taken at an inductor. A series connected resistor and capacitor are connected in parallel with the inductor. The current is determined by measuring the voltage across the capacitor. This measurement provides the DC resistance (DCR) of the incuctor. As in the other embodiments, the measurement is taken twice at each phase, i.e. first with the calibration current on and then with the calibration current off. The order in which the measurements are taken can be reversed, i.e. first with the calibration current off and then with it on.
In accordance with the present invention, an advantageous calibration technique that minimizes noise is utilized at start-up. During calibration, the load is maintained in a quiescent state and the voltage at the load is brought to a potential level at which calibration measurements will be taken. At this point, all the phases of the multi-phase system are on. Assume that at this point the calibration current is also on. However, it is desired to take calibration measurements with only one phase active. In order to sequentially achieve the condition of only one phase being active with minimized noise and optimized accuracy, only one phase at a time is switched. The current in the first phase is measured when only that one phase is on. During this first measurement, the current value determined will be the sum of the leakage current and calibration current. After the current in each phase has been individually measured and stored, the calibration current is turned off and the current in each phase is measured again. As was done during the first measurement, only one phase is switched at a time until the current in each phase has been measured again when only that phase is active. The current measured during the second measurement is the leakage current. These current measurements together with temperature measurements provide the accurate data to calibrate the voltage regulator.
These and other features of the invention will become more apparent in the following more detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the drawings where like reference numerals refer to similar elements throughout the Figures.
The present invention may be described herein in terms of various functional components and various processing steps. It should be appreciated that such functional components may be realized by any number of hardware or structural components configured to perform the specified functions. For example, the present invention may employ various integrated components comprised of various electrical devices, e.g. resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and the like, whose values may be suitably configured for various intended purposes. Any actual values provided for such components as well as applied voltage levels and currents are intended by way of example and not limitation.
In addition, the present invention may be practiced in any integrated circuit application. Such general applications and other details that will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the present disclosure are not described in detail herein. Further, it should be noted that while various components may be suitably coupled or connected to other components within exemplary circuits, such connections and couplings can be realized by direct connection between components, or by connection through other components and devices located therebetween.
Refer now to
Digital controller 10 receives a VID input at voltage control 12. VID is a digital number provided by the microprocessor manufacturer describing specific power requirements. Digital controller 10 can also have a reference voltage 14 that is applied to analog-digital converter 16 that also receives, as a second input, the voltage at load 80. The reference voltage from block 14 is used to calibrate the output of ADC 16 to that reference voltage. The output of ADC 16 is a digital voltage value that is compared to the output of voltage control circuit 12 (the target voltage) in summer 17 and provided as a digital error voltage to digital compensator 18. Digital compensator 18 then provides an input to PWM 20 in order to modify the width of the pulses provided to the drivers 30 and 30′, etc. of each of the two phases in the illustrated example, and other phases, when utilized. Phase 1 is driven by driver circuits 32 and 34. Circuit 32 drives the gate of FET 40 with a signal that is complementary to the output of circuit 34 that drives the gate of FET 50. FET 40 and 50 have their drain-source paths connected in series, at a common point A, between a first potential source (+V) and a second potential source (ground). Since both FET 40 and 50 are shown as N-channel devices, only one of the two transistors is on at any one time. Of course, if transistor 40 were to be replaced with a P-type transistor, then the same phase signal could be used to drive the gate of both transistor 40 and 50. In either case, there is never a direct current path between +V and ground.
The phase 2 output of PWM 20 is provided to circuits 36 and 38 during phase 2 time in the same way that circuits 32 and 34 receive the pulse width modulate signals during phase 1 time. Circuit 36 then drives the gate of FET 42 and circuit 38 drives the gate of FET 52. Note that although two phases are shown, any number of phases can be used. Larger number of phases provides smoother and more accurate power to the load.
In operation, during phase 1, while the pulse width modulated waveform turns high side FET 40 on, current flows through FET 40 into node A and through inductor 60 to charge capacitor 70 and provide power to load 80. On the other hand, when low side FET 50 is turned on, current flows through FET 50. High side FET 42 and low side FET 52, connected in common at node B operate in a similar manner during phase 2. It is desirable to measure the voltage at node A and node B (and other corresponding nodes in systems with more phases) as an indication of the current being supplied to the load. The cross-referenced patent applications show how the measurements taken at nodes A and B are then used to better regulate the power provided to load 80. Unfortunately, voltage measurements taken at nodes A and B are only an approximation of current. The voltage measurement taken at node B for example, when low side FET is in its conductive state is the product of the current and on resistance (also referred to as RDSON) of low side FET 52. Because of process variations in the fabrication of FET 52 and other field effect transistors on the semiconductor chip and the fact that conductance is a function of temperature, measurements taken at nodes A and B, etc. are not a truly accurate measurement of current, unless actual RDSON is known.
Refer now to
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a temperature sensor and sense circuit 102 is placed in close proximity or adjacent contact with low side FET 52. The temperature measurement at FET 52 can be used as an approximation of the temperature of FET 50 (and other low side FETs in additional phases) or, if desired, temperature sensors 102 are placed in close proximity or adjacent contact with all the low side FETs. Alternatively temperature sensors 102 could be placed anywhere that it is desired to measure and/or monitor temperature. The output of temperature sensor(s) 102 is then provided to calibration controller 104.
Calibration controller 104 provides an enable signal to current source 100 during a portion of a calibration cycle (to be described herein below). At all other times, current source 100 remains off and does not affect the operation of the digital multiphase buck regulator. Note that current source 100 can also be referred to as a current sink as it is drawing current (e.g. from node B during phase 2 calibration) in the same direction as leakage current flows into load 80. Leakage current is that small amount of current that is drawn by load 80 when it is in a quiescent or off-state.
In accordance with the
Current source 100 must provide a precise calibration current. Although a simple series connection of an FET and a high value precision resistance can be a current source, an inexpensive precise current source is illustrated in
As the requirement for accurately controlled power for microelectronic devices such as microprocessors increases, the requirement for precisely measuring the current at the load increases. The full benefits of the invention described and claimed in the instant application can be realized with an accurate measurement of current (as opposed to voltage) at the load, and in particular, a measurement of current at a known temperature. The embodiments described accomplish the desired accurate current measurements. In the
Referring now to
During calibration, the digitized current data is provided to current computation block 128 and to calibration controller 104. The first and second current measurements are stored in registers in calibration controller 104. Calibration controller 104 compares the first and second measurements (to be described in greater detail) and provides the result (which is RDSON or its equivalent) and provides this value back to the computation block 128 as the scaling term to compute current from the ADC converter 126.
The digitized temperature data is coupled to calibration controller 104 through temperature computation block 127. Calibration controller 104 provides this temperature related data to current computation block 128. This temperature adjusted current computation i.e. the digitized current data is coupled to voltage control circuit 12. This temperature adjusted digitized current data is used by voltage control 12 together with the VID input to generate an adjusted target voltage provided to summer 17. Thus, the error signal provided by summer 17 to digital compensator 18 is adjusted in response to the accurate temperature compensated current measurements.
In accordance with the present invention, current flowing through the load can be measured by lossless techniques other than determining the RDSON of the low side FET. Refer now to
Refer now to
Refer now to
Next, the calibration current unit 100 is turned on so that the voltage at node A (VNFET) becomes RDSON times the sum of the leakage current plus the calibration current. This second voltage value is also sent to the calibration controller 104: which performs the required calculation determining that RDSON is equal to the difference between the two voltages divided by the calibration current (I calibration). Thus, as the second voltage measurement is compared to the first and RDSON is determined to be equal to the absolute value of the difference between the two voltages (VNFET_CAL_ON minus VNFET_CAL_OFF) divided by the calibration current (l calibration). This result is stored on chip, for example, in storage registers in calibration controller 104, or alternatively in non-volatile memory 106 as desired. On chip storage (either in calibration controller 104 or non-volatile memory 106) also stores the temperature at which the calibration was performed, as well as other information including differences in the characteristics of each of the phase sense amplifiers and the leakage current of the load.
Refer now to
Refer now to
The operation of the invention is further explained by the current and voltage waveforms occurring in one phase, as shown in
The actual current desired to be measured to determine RDSON of the low side FET is the average current which is measured at the mid-point (MP) of the “on” state of the low side FET (e.g. 52). Average current, of course, is readily obtained by analog measurements and it is then possible to convert that value through an analog to digital converter. However, average current can be determined digitally by locating the midpoint (MP) based on the timing of the pulse from the falling edge, the leading edge or both. In the case of using the trailing edge, the midpoint is at the cycle time plus the pulse width, the sum divided by 2. Using the leading edge, the midpoint (MP) is at the cycle time minus the pulse width of the next pulse, the difference divided by 2. Using both trailing and leading edges, the midpoint (MP) is at the cycle time divided by 2. A strobe pulse provided near the midpoint (MP) is adequate as sequential measurments will average out cycle to cycle variations. In the case of current mirror sensing, the average current desired to be measured to determine the current mirror effective resistance is the midpoint (MP) of the current through the high side FET. In the case of DCR sensing, the actual current desired to be measured to determine the DC resistance of the inductor is the midpoint of the current through the inductor (current through both the high side FET and the low side FET).
Refer now to
The waveform in
Refer now to
The correction of the residual curvature in the temperature to ADC code transfer function is further illustrated in the waveform diagram of
It has also been found that the sense amplifiers receiving the current sense signals from each of the phases require calibration to compensate for e.g. process variations. With continued reference to
Refer now to
Refer now to
Next, phase 2 is turned on in addition to phase one being kept on. Next, phase 1 is turned off. At this point only phase 2 is on and can be measured Next phase 3 is turned on. Next phase 2 is turned off, so that phase 3 can be measured. Next phase 4 is turned on. Next, phase 3 is turned off so that phase 4 can be measured. Additional phases (in a system with more than 4 phases) can then be measured by repeating the last two mentioned steps.
At this point, the calibration current source is set into its second state, e.g. off, and the aforementioned steps are repeated in reverse until all phases are active again on the last line of the truth table. In each case, the two measurements for each phase (once with the calibration current on and once with the calibration current off) can be stored and compared to obtain the resistance value that permits the obtaining of the accurate current value. As noted in column 6 of
In summary, what has been described is a multi-phase switched power converter that supplies accurate power during rapidly changing power requirements at the load. Highly accurate power is provided by the ability to measure actual current values at the load and compensating by digital processing (e.g. subtracting one current value from another). The current is measured at a known measured temperature and non-linear temperature variations are also compensated digitally. The absolute value of current is measured individually in each channel. This permits the balancing of each channel, calibration of the voltage regulator and the ability to provide accurately compensated power to the load. What has also been described is a calibration process that minimizes transients.
The present invention has been described above with reference to various exemplary embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the various components may be implemented in alternate ways, such as, for example, by providing other configurations of SPC's. Such changes or modifications are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as set forth in the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification||323/266, 702/107, 702/65, 324/601|
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|19 Jul 2007||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: PRIMARION, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SOUTHWELL, SCOTT WILSON;TANG, BENJAMIN;CARROLL, ROBERT T.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:019594/0461;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060608 TO 20061205
|20 Jul 2010||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AUSTRIA AG, AUSTRIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PRIMARION, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024710/0409
Effective date: 20090625
|14 Feb 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|19 Feb 2015||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8


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text:
For no apparent reason, League of Legends (LOL) failed not to win the Best e-Sports Game category at The Game Awards 2019. It’s now one of the most popular e-Sports games in the world, with yearly global competitions. It’s no surprise, therefore, that individuals all around the world invest time, effort, and money to go ahead in the game.
Comprar cuenta league of legends (buy league of legends accounts) may not be enough in this online war arena. As you move through your tournaments and level up your champions, you’ll find what you desire more than what you’re getting now. You want to show off your other gaming abilities and try to spice up your LOL journey. This is where having a Smurf account comes in handy.
A Smurf account is merely a separate account from the main account that a gamer owns. It has been around since the 1990s when internet gaming became popular and has grown in popularity since then. Typically, players establish a Smurf account to start over and explore the game from a different perspective.
To play in rated games before your LOL trip reaches the level of “serious gaming,” you must be at least Level 30. This is the point at which your LOL victory begins to take off. To join rated games, you’ll need almost a hundred hours of nonstop gaming if you earn 90 experience points for every 25-minute game.
Smurf accounts for sale are typically already rated, so you won’t have to start from the beginning. This feature allows you to focus on your ranking games rather than wasting time trying to work your way back up. Also, because LOL compensates players who spend the most time in the game, they reduce queue times for talented gamers.
Perks Of Buying LOL Account
To excel in this game, you will need to invest not just time but also money, as every LOL gamer would confirm. You may buy an XP boost from the store if you want to level up rapidly. As a result, you’ll be able to achieve Level 30 and enter the ranked games, where the real fun begins. Purchasing LOL Smurf accounts, on the other hand, will save you money.
Purchasing comprarcuenta league of legends (buy league of legends accounts) isn’t cheap, but it’s a better investment than financing your way back up the ladder. Additionally, Smurf account dealers provide more than simply a Level 30 Summoner. You may purchase an account with additional benefits such as RP and BE, which can be used to buy a variety of items in the game.
If you’ve been playing LOL for a long and have shown off your gaming ability to a lot of people, you might feel the desire to spice things up a bit or take a break from the calibrated battles. You may play with your buddies who are still in the lower tiers if you buy LOL Smurf accounts.
You may alter your Summoner’s appearance in the game to fit your flair. Skins for your champion are usually included with Smurf accounts, and you may use them to improve your champion’s movement and animation. To get them, you must embark on tasks and finish them to receive prizes. These will not provide you with a competitive advantage, but they will improve the overall appearance of your Summoner.

domain: game


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At the Madison Symphony Orchestra, we believe that great music is for everyone. We also believe that all children deserve the opportunity to be musically literate. Each year, the MSO performs concerts to audiences of over 42,000, featuring some of the greatest pieces of classical music ever written, and showcasing leading artists of the classical music world. We enrich, engage and inspire an additional 25,000 people through our vast array of nationally-recognized Education and Community Engagement Programs. None of this would be possible without the generous support of our donors.
Our annual gratitude report, “A Symphony of Gratitude,” is released each year in the fall. With your support, the MSO shares live, classical music with thousands of children and adults each season. These photo-filled reports illustrate that impact. Thank you to all who support the MSO’s concerts and education programs each year!
2019–2020 Symphony of Gratitude
2018-2019 Symphony of Gratitude
2017-2018 Symphony of Gratitude
2016-2017 Symphony of Gratitude

domain: entertainment


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Authorities in northern Vietnam have ordered local police and relevant agencies to launch an investigation into a collapsed pile driver that killed two local children this week.
The Bac Ninh People’s Committee announced the information on Wednesday.
The incident took place at around 5:30 pm on Tuesday on the grounds of a cultural house in Van Trong Village.
Two eight-year-old children, N.B.T. and N.V.N, were killed, while eight-year-old V.V.T. and six-year-old N.V.H were severely injured after a pile-driver that had been stored at the site collapsed.
T. is currently receiving treatment at Viet Duc University Hospital in Hanoi while H. is being treated at the Medical Center of Bac Ninh’s Luong Tai District.
Doctors believe both are likely to recover from their injuries.
Leaders of Luong Tai District have visited families of the victims.

domain: news


text: later an international sensation, after it was picked up by abc one year later. ♪ ♪ come on baby, let's do the twist ♪ >> reporter: in spite of racial attitudes at the time, clark was a pioneer in promoting african-american artists, including percy sledge, the silhouettes, the supremes and gladys night and the pips. an appearance on "american bandstand" could launch their careers. and from jerry lee lewis to janet jackson, they all wanted dick clark to give their record a spin. and from jerry lee louis to >> if you look at the history of "american bandstand" it covers everything. when we started in 1952, it was very como and eddie fisher and the four aces and so forth, through the rock 'n' roll period, country music, rhythm and blues, rap music, heavy metal, it is everything. >> reporter: but music wasn't his only beat, clark proved a prolific businessman and television icon.


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Music Gear News
Focusrite, Novation and KRK Price Drops - All Ending 28th February!
The ultra-responsive Novation Impulse USB MIDI controller keyboards are semi-weighted with aftertouch and the 8 drum pads are backlit allowing you to roll beats, warp arpeggios and launch clips in Ableton.
Novation Impulse 49 was £249 now £199
Novation Impulse 61 was £299 now £249
Focusrite's iTrack Studio package contains the iTrack Solo Audio Interface, studio-quality microphone, headphones and cables, all the gear you need to start making music on your iPad, Mac and PC, whether you're a beginner or more experienced musician.
Focusrite iTrack Studio was £199 now £179
With a striking enclosure design, domed tweeter and uncompromising attention to detail, the KRK VXT6 and VXT8 Studio Monitors offer an outstanding choice for your studio.
KRK VXT6 Active Studio Monitors PairRRP £814.80 now £599
KRK VXT8 Active Studio Monitors Pair RRP £1102.79 now £798
All offers end 28th February!
By Victoria Brown
Posted on 24 Feb 2014 09:30 to category : Instruments News
Related Music News
With new windows drivers installed and great savings to be made on selected models, Focusrite are giving you more and more reasons to be merry this Christmas
Recent studies have shown that music can improve mental abilities whilst also helping to heal victims of brain damage
A luxurious digital piano designed to faithfully recreate the sound of a grand acoustic piano, the Casio Celviano GP-300 is the perfect tool of expression for the discerning pianist
Offering up to £80 off on the Kontrol Series whilst slashing the price of Komplete Audio 6 to £149, get your chance to use the worlds leading hardware at an incredibly discounted price
Buy Reason between November 24th and December 31st and get £350 worth of the best selling instrument and effect rack plugins for free!
Considered one of the go to beginner kits, the Mapex Tornado offers high quality performance at a fraction of the price
Recent Music News
Straight from the 90's, the legendary synth has been given a modern makeover to make it more versatile than ever
Those who purchase a Zen Tour, Zen Studio, Orion Studio, Orion 32, Orion 32 or Goliath interface will be eligible to receive a free copy of PreSonus' Studio One
With thousands of new presets and a vast array of functions, the Predator 2 brings next level sound quality and user defined audio manipulation to the players immediate disposal
With a new arpeggiator and synthesizer at the users disposal, several user requested updates provide the player with more versatility than ever before
A limited time edition of the Akai MPK Mini MK 2, the white equivalent operates as an eye catching alternative that looks as good as it sounds.
Bursting with a number of great features, the Celviano Grand Hybrid offers the player unparalleled performance and unprecedented tone


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Indonesian troops under the UN peacekeeping forces have received more than 100 firearms surrendered by militias in the Democratic Republic of Congo, according to a military official on Wednesday.
Maj. Gen. Victor Hasudungan, commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces Peace Mission Center (PMPP), told Anadolu Agency that 116 firearms were handed to the country’s peacekeeping force.
“Such achievement was made possible thanks to the soft power and humanitarian approach taken by Indonesian soldiers,” he said.
The commander said the force helped the local community to build public facilities, including wells and bridges.
“Thanks to the approach, in 2019 around 1,500 inter-faction militias agreed to make peace and handed their weapons,” said Hasudungan.
Indonesia’s participation in UN peacekeeping mission started in 1957, when the country sent 559 infantry personnel as part of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in Sinai.
So far, it has sent to DR Congo 1,047 troops, who served in three areas including Kalemie, Manono and Bendera.
Earlier on Monday, an Indonesian UN peacekeeper soldier was killed and another injured in an attack.
The troops had been taking part in a project to build a bridge in the Hululu area.
*Writing by Rhany Chairunissa Rufinaldo from Anadolu Agency’s Indonesian language services in Jakarta
Copyright 2022 Anadolu Agency. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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my transformation into a bitter angry old woman is almost complete
Requested by rfmp
There was something awesomely understated about The Weekenders. Maybe it’s the fact that one of the few cartoons where the main characters wear something different on three consecutive days in every episode. Maybe it’s because it’s a show about four friends (two guys and two girls) where the two girls regularly pass the Bechdel test with ease. Or maybe it was one of the last great One Saturday Morning cartoons Disney churned out.
But yeah. I really liked The Weekenders.
I think the appeal is that it was a cartoon that while having zany moments never strayed into complete ridiculousness and the characters feel like actual people, including adults. I would also say that it’s also because the writers do not talk down to their audiences.
actual angels aka flawless people that i love meme » Lupita Nyong’o
Kiss kiss fall in love
i was labelling stuff today and this lady scoffed at me and i was like hi and she was like writing with ur left hand is immoral. its 2014 and someone actually said that to my face
a study in warner ↴
A white bird with streaks of gold like a crown atop its head.
A fair-skinned boy with gold hair, the leader of Sector 45.
was this movie even real
I’m doing a little giveaway and its all about the ladies!
I’ll be giving away
- a t-shirt in your choice of Crush the Patriarchy, Cats Against Cat Calls or Riots Not Diets print (all of which go up to at least a size 2xl)
- your choice of five buttons from Modern Girl Blitz
- your choice of jewellery from AddieLeDawn
- friendship bracelet made in the colours of your choice made by yours truly
- "kandi bracelets" or whatever the fuck you want to call them with whatever colour scheme and words you want
- and best of all CANDYYY. who doesnt love candy, cmon.
And now the fun part, the RULES.
- you don’t have to follow me but if you are, then you’ll get something extra
- only reblogs count and you may reblog as many times as you want but please be mindful of your followers
- obviously giveaway blogs dont count (do ppl even need to say this anymore??)
The winner will be randomly selected on April 30th and I’m willing to ship worldwide. I think that’s it. Have fun and crush the patriarchy!!


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It is well known facts that Free Radicals responsible for ALL chronic and degenerative diseases such as Cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke osteoarthritis, cataracts and wrinkle skin. Over ninety percent of free radical radicals are oxygen free radical. Oxidation is the process of losing electron and reduction is the state of gaining electron. Reduction is the process by antioxidants.
Free radicals are damaging process and antioxidants are repair process. Free radicals damage cell structures, cause oxidation (rancidity). In the state of inactive free radical enzymes , the oxidant damage is not well controlled.
Chronic and degenerative diseases such as cancer and heart disease can be prevented by getting enough of the substances found in fresh fruits and vegetables and other healthy foods. They are rich in anti-oxidants. There are many evidence that taking high amount of fruits and vegetable lengthen telomere. Telomere is aging clock located at the both end of our DNA. The shorter the telomere, the sooner manifestation of heart disease or cancer will come.
Perhaps in the past we had the excuse of a lack of evidence, but today that dodge is no longer an acceptable excuse for neglecting healthy practices. It is not to under-emphasize to points out that a healthy diet is not nearly enough, we need to supplement our modern diets to get the optimum amounts of these antioxidants. Further to the truth is due to quality of our food reduced so much because of soil quality agriculture reduce by as much as 60 – 80% in terms of mineral contents. (USA data in the year 1990 compare to 1950).
There are five which seem to be the most important, and which operate as a network, meaning that they help balance and recycle each other.
Cells are essentially filled with water surrounded by a fatty wall, so both fat and water soluble varieties are important. Two of the network antioxidants are water soluble (vitamin C and glutathione), two are fat soluble (vitamin E and CoQ10), and one (lipoic acid) is both fat and water soluble. The importance of this latter team member has only been known in the last decade. It may be the most important of all and most daily supplement manufacturers don’t even include it.
Quotes from the book entitle Anti-oxidant Miracle by Dr Lester Packer of Packer Labs.
“There is overwhelming scientific evidence demonstrating that those of us who eat a diet rich in antioxidants and take antioxidant supplements will live longer, healthier lives.” – page 8
“It is virtually impossible to get the optimal amount of antioxidants through food alone.” – page 13
“What makes network antioxidants so special is that they can recycle, or regenerate, one another after they have quenched a free radical.” – page 17
“The number of oxidative hits daily to DNA per human cell is about 10,000. Now multiply that by the trillions of cells in the body.” – page 18
“Lipoic acid is the most versatile and powerful antioxidant in the entire antioxidant defence network.” – page 19

domain: medical


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Some new designs showing variations of painted country folk art bathrooms. These give you a flavour of what we can do should you wish an ornate bathroom in this style. This is an attempt to show an 'un-fitted' bathroom in a tradional style. Of course the vanity unit is fixed & plumbed in, but it is made to look like a freestanding piece of furniture. The wall mirror adds to the individual furniture look. The bath has been painted to tie all the pieces together visually. For a traditional style bathroom this also looks surpringly contemporary, because of the unity of design. As this is made to order, you can change any of the sizes, proportions, colours etc to whatever you like.
A new addition to the range, the painted vanity cupboard with a top panel & 2 doors, all painted with typical Tirolean style designs. Several designs were produced for this, including a less wide version with 1 door, shown on another page in this section. This vanity could also be made to look built-in with the bath panel, which is often more suited to smaller bathrooms. The top panel is fixed to hide the basin, but knobs were fitted to make it look like a drawer. The plumbing can be hidden inside the cabinet for a neat finish. The matching Carrera sit-on bowl is another nice touch, matching the worktop & painted bath panels.
The top will have a Carrera marble worktop, with a sit on bowl basin. The plinth has typical lovely Tirolean shaping, which is echoed in the top of the wall mirror. We have only shown the vanity unit, bath & mirror, as these generally form the focus of the bathroom design & set the syle for the room. Adding wc, showers, towel rails, etc. are part of the practical planning for a real bathroom, but don't greatly add to the design look. Taps & other fittings can be whatever you want. Add a matching painted wc seat and this room would look stunning. Just pick the tiles to compliment the look; limestone colour large floor tiles really look good with this style of furniture, probably because the 'natural' stone sits happily with the natural furniture.
Shown above are 3 variations for the bath panels. The long bath side shows painted Carrera marble panels, to match the worktop & bowl. These panels could have been painted with flower designs instead. The end bath panel shows either a matching Carrera painted panel, or flower painted designs.
This is a very elegant wall mirror, with typical Baroque curves & ornate cornice. Designed to compliment the other pieces, offer a large dressing mirror with the advantage of bouncing light around the room to make it seem bigger & brighter. The 1st mirror matches the bathroom suite perfectly, especially the green cornice picking up the plinth colours. The one shown was made to the same size as the vanity unit, for visual balance. Although shown as a mirror this could easily be made as a 2 door mirror cupboard, still keeping the same elegant shape. The other mirror just show colour variations.
Shown above are some colour ideas you could paint the suite in. Some of these take traditional folk styling to a very contemporary look. Everything is made to order, so it's your choice.


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Losing one of your favorite characters on your favorite shows is never easy, especially if you’re a loyal fan; but eventually, someone has to go.
Sometimes, a character’s death is expected, possibly due to news of an actor opting out of their contract to venture onto other things, or perhaps they were let go; but sometimes, their departure comes as a big shock, and throw audiences into a big loop.
Over the years, many characters have died, and left us wondering if we should keep watching our favorite shows. This list is comprised of some of the more emotional and shocking deaths of characters from some of our favorite shows over the past years, some old and some new.
***WARNING SPOILERS AHEAD***
If you’ve still haven’t caught up on some of your favorite shows, beware, because there are many spoilers ahead.
Here are the Top 20 television character deaths we are still mourning.
image courtesy of Peter West/ACE/INFphoto.com
20. The characters of LOST
With the shows synopsis, character deaths were expected, but still surprising, especially when you hoped your favorite would find a way to make it. Many died in the plane crash, others died on the island from being killed or from suicide. The most memorable death would have to be that of Charlie Pace. His sacrificial drowning to save Desmond was one of the more emotional deaths of the series.
[new page=Jimmy Darmody]
19. Jimmy Darmody, Boardwalk Empire
Jimmy tries to make amends with Nucky, a father figure to him, after a constant back and forth battle of control over the bootlegging of alcohol. Jimmy tries to help Nucky with his election fraud case by killing the main witness, however, the case ends in a mistrial. Nucky lures Jimmy to him by making up a kidnapping, and shoots him in the head twice.
image courtesy of RogerWong/INFphoto.com
18. President DavidPalmer, 24
David Palmer was the President of the United States in 24, elected after a failed assassination attempt against him. Palmer was one of the primary characters in the series, which made his death in Season 5 a shock. Palmer was in his penthouse with his brother, Wayne, discussing his memoir. He was shot through his window by a sniper, right in the neck, killing him instantly.
image courtesy of INFphoto.com
17. Andrea, The Walking Dead
In a zombie apocalypse, death is expected, and in The Walking Dead, death is very quick and unexpected. Andrea seemed to be the most hopeful of all characters. She seemed willing to work everything out, and have everyone live happily with everything going on. She was a negotiator, and tried to get everyone to see eye to eye. Though she can be in denial, her death in the series was a shock; there was no longer that glue to keep everyone together. She died after being bit by a zombified Milton, who was killed by the governor. She chooses to kill herself to stop from turning into one of them, while Michonne stays with her.
16. Caitlin Todd, NCIS
In the Season 2 finale, Caitlin and the team had successfully cleared a warehouse, shooting all the terrorists in sight. Kate died after being shot in the head by a sniper, with Gibbs and DiNozzo in shock. The murderer – the team’s old enemy, terrorist and double agent, Ari Haswari.
15. Vincent Nigel-Murray, Bones
Vincent Nigel-Murray was an intern in Dr. Brennan’s lab on Bones. Vincent is known to have a habit of reciting trivia while working. In Season 6, he is shot in the chest by sniper Jacob Brodsky, which led directly to his death. Brennan was very hurt by his death, even telling him that he was her favorite. Hodgins and Angela name their son after him.
image courtesy of INFevents.com
14. Lexie Grey, Grey’s Anatomy
Lexie Grey, in Grey’s Anatomy was Meredith Grey’s half-sister. She started as an intern and eventually became a surgical resident. She had a romantic relationship with plastic surgeon Mark Sloan. In season 8, she sustained life-threatening injuries after a plane crash, which ultimately ended in her death.
image courtesy of Dara Kushner/INFGoff.com
13. Matthew Reginald Crawley, Downton Abbey
While many expected Matthew’s death, due to Dan Stevens’ decision to leave the cast, but his death was still an emotional and surprising one. Matthew became co-owner following the Crawley’s financial problems resulting from bad investments, where Matthew was able to come to the rescue through money inherited from his late fiancée’s father. Matthew marries Mary, the oldest daughter of Robert Crawley, and she became pregnant and gave birth to their son. However, Matthew was killed the same day in a car crash after a visit to his newborn and wife at the hospital, making George the heir of the title, earldom, estate and fortune.
image courtesy of Walter McBride/INFphoto.com
12. Ned Stark, Game of Thrones
The readers of the book saw this one coming, but for those who only watch the series were in a bit of shock. Eddard is the head of House Stark and Lord Paramount of the North. He is a husband and father. Eddard becomes Hand of the King to his lifelong friend, Robert Baratheon, when the previous hand dies in suspicious circumstances. He follows his predecessor’s footsteps and uncovers an incestuous relationship between Queen, Cersei Lannister, and her brother, Ser Jaime Lannister. Robert dies after being injured while hunting and Eddard challenges his successor, Joffrey Baratheon, but is betrayed and arrested for treason. He confesses to the crime to protect his family, but is executed by Joffrey’s orders.
image courtesy of Jennifer Graylock/INFphoto.com
11. Lori Grimes, The Walking Dead
Another Walking Dead name makes the list. This time it’s Lori, Rick’s wife. Lori may have had some doubts about Rick’s decisions, and their relationship was in a bit of turmoil, but just when hopes of the two of them fixing things come to light, as well as a baby on the way, Lori is gone. She dies while Maggie performs a C-Section during an invasion in the prison. Carl is by her side, traumatized by the situation, Rick is put in even more stress, and little “Kick-ass” becomes the first baby in the zombie apocalypse.
10. Hank Schrader, Breaking Bad
In Breaking Bad, Walt’s former chemistry student, Jesse, and Hank, who works for the DEA, come up with a plan to trick Walt. Walt gives himself up and lets Hank arrest him. Jack’s crew then arrives (Walt called them to kill Jesse) and confronts Hank and his partner Gomez. Walt attempts to defuse the situation, but a gunfight erupts and Gomez is killed and Hank is wounded. Walt begs Jack to spare Hank, offering him the buried $80 million in exchange. Hank then identifies himself by his DEA title, ASAC Schrader, and then tells Jack to do what he’s got to do, at which point Jack shoots him through the head, killing him, leaving Walt an emotional mess.
[new page=Red Wedding]
9. The Red Wedding, Game of Thrones
“The Rains of Castamere,” is the episode centered in the wedding of Edmure Tully and Roslin Frey, one of the most memorable events of the book series, commonly named “The Red Wedding.” The episode shows the massacre during the War of the Five Kings arranged by Lord Walder Frey as revenge against King Robb Stark for breaking the marriage pact between House Stark and House Frey. During the massacre, King Robb, his wife, Queen Talisa, his mother, Lady Catelyn, and most of his men-at-arms are murdered following the marriage feast. For those who did not read the book, this was definitely a shock.
image courtesy of Roger Wong/INFphoto.com
[new page=Lizzie and Mika]
8. Lizzie & Mika, The Walking Dead
Probably one of the most haunting episodes of The Walking dead, was the deaths of sisters Lizzie and Mika. Lizzie was losing her mind in the apocalypse. She always thought the zombies were her friends, and that they were lucky to be able to die and come back to life. After killing her sister, Mika, to see her come back, Carol and Tyreese decide they need to take matters into their own hands in order to protect Judith, Rick’s baby. So Carol takes Lizzie into the woods, and kills her.
7. Opie, Sons of Anarchy
In Sons of Anarchy, Jax, Tig, and Chibs are being arrested on murder charges, and Opie punches Roosevelt so he can accompany them to prison to help protect them. Pope forces Jax to have one of his members fight to the death in prison. Tig volunteers, only to be told that Pope wants him alive so he will suffer in prison for the rest of his life. Jax is next to volunteer but Opie intervenes, selflessly giving up his own life in order to ensure Jax’s safety.
6. Adriana La Cerva, The Sopranos
Adriana, fiancée of Christopher Moltisanti, was threatened into working with the feds against the Soprano family. Her deception catches up with her after she reveals the truth to Christopher, hoping they can go into the Witness Protection Program together and start new lives. After she is beaten and strangled by Christopher, he reveals her status as an informant to Tony. Tony orders her death, and she is lured to a quiet spot. Silvio drives Adriana to the middle of the woods. As she tries to flee, Silvio drags her from the car and shoots her. Christopher is later seen putting some of her clothes in a red suitcase and dumping them, and then leaves her car at the airport.
image courtesy of INFGoff.com
5. Walter White, Breaking Bad
While many viewers saw Walter’s demise at the end of the series, it was still shocking and emotional to see him go. After Hank’s death, Walter spends the next several months hiding in a cabin in New Hampshire while struggling with his cancer. He returns to New Mexico in order to visit his family one final time and seek revenge against Jack. Walter kills all of the gang’s members and frees Jesse, who escapes from the compound before the police arrive. Walter realizes he is mortally wounded from a gunshot and slowly succumbs to his injury as the police search the compound, and we see Walter dead on the ground.
image courtesy of Jennifer Graylock/INFphoto.com
4. Detective Jocelyn Carter, Person of Interest
After an ongoing war with HR, Carter is finally at ease, bringing down most of the people involved. Reese shares his true feelings for Carter by kissing her, and in the end, everything appears to be going well, until one of the men who manages to escape, shoots Reese and Carter. Reese survives, but Carter dies from a shot to the heart. Reese holds her in his arms while she takes her last breath, cradling her and crying, while Finch watches in horror. This was one of the most emotional moments on television, shocking many viewers who were unaware of Taraji P. Henson’s exit, which was everyone.
3. Rita, Dexter
Just when we thought things would work out well for Dexter, his true love is taken from him. Dexter asks Rita to go out of town so they can have a belated honeymoon, but in reality, Dexter wants to keep her safe from Mitchell, who has learned his real identity and threatened to kill him and his family. After killing Mitchell, Dexter returns home and finds a message from Rita that she returned to pick up her identification for the flight. Dexter finds her dead in the bathtub; Mitchell’s last victim. He carries his son, covered in Rita’s blood, out of the bathroom, and we are brought back to his own upbringing, seeing the similarities.
2. Hershel Green, The Walking Dead
Hershel was the real glue that kept everyone together. His skills in farming and healthcare proved beneficial for everyone at the prison. When the Governor came to seek revenge on Rick, Hershel and Michonne’s lives were at risk. While attempting to talk him out of it, Rick tries to tell the governor that they can all live together, which resulted in the Governor killing Hershel. That led to chaos and a zombie invasion on the prison which caused the group to separate. This was the most emotional deaths in the series. Hershel was easily a favorite character, and seeing him go had a huge effect on Walking Dead fans.
1. Will Gardner, The Good Wife
In the end, we all wanted Will to work things out with Alicia. We hoped things will be back to normal, and possibly even a chance that they’d get together and have a real relationship. But all of that was gone when will was shot. In court, Will was talking with the judge after receiving new evidence to prove his client’s innocence. While speaking, his client grabs the guard’s gun and starts firing in the courtroom. Kalinda and Diane are also at the courthouse in different areas when the shots are heard. Kalinda enters the courtroom filled with distraught faces, and finds Will on the ground, dead. The fact that no one knew about Josh Charles’ exit from the show, made this one of the biggest shocks on TV this year. The most memorable and haunting image, is that of Will’s client, shooting the now empty gun at his own head, regretting not saving one for himself.


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It’s not the best pic, but I love these monochrome spotty nails from Smoss!
Making the most of her nail art pen she makes a really simple idea pop with plenty of fun. 16 more words
Polished Holiday Bag
Price of the Bag is £22.00 including P&P
No. of Products – 7
Total value of contents in the bag – £31.36… 1,003 more words


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Young out for season
Ashley Young will miss the remainder of the current season due to an ankle injury.
Young's injury is worse than was first feared when he originally did it two weeks ago against Manchester City.
"We have bad news on Ashley," Ferguson told MUTV. "He is out for the season unfortunately. It is a bad blow. We thought two or three weeks but we took him down to a specialist in London on Wednesday and the prognosis is not very good at all. We are going to lose him for the season."
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Manchester United defender Chris Smalling is set for a month on the sidelines with a hamstring injury.
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Inside the 101 people that have ADHD and you may chronic bed onset sleep disorder, cures throughout 30 days with three to six mg away from melatonin as opposed to placebo before going to bed, state-of-the-art the bed start day having an average of twenty seven times, and you may improved sleep course that have typically 20 minutes . However, zero perception try available on state choices, cognitive efficiency, or well being. On follow-up data immediately after 3.eight ages, 65% ones pupils nonetheless put melatonin day-after-day. Of these, 88% said no sleep-start troubles any further, 71% stated improved choices, and you can 61% reported increased state of mind . Discontinuation out of cures triggered a postponed off sleep start in the extremely pupils, recommending scientific work for to the ADHD attacks can be done, albeit need a longer duration of normal bed.
White treatment was is actually conveyed since chronotherapy for Unfortunate, that has shown to progress a put off circadian flow too . Several latest pilot degree also shown encouraging results for the procedure out-of ADHD inside people having fun with vibrant white cures [103, 104]. One another education showed that the improvement for the ADHD periods was relevant towards development of the fresh circadian flow. These answers are promising for additional investigation when you look at the big degree.
A tiny investigation showed that you will find an additive effectation of light treatment on the medication having melatonin by yourself to progress this new circadian flow
Therapy of almost every other sleep problems Clients having a put-off circadian rhythm can be easily managed of the therapist having chronotherapy. Number one otherwise additional sleep disorder symptoms can usually be treated which have CBTi. not, those processed self-confident to other sleep problems shall be after that examined by the experts in a sleep laboratory. Comparison and treatments for biggest sleep disorders fundamentally capture a few weeks, and you can centered of your own diagnosis, can get consist of a behavioural intervention, so you’re able to pharmacological therapy, plus businesses. Such as for instance, the management of obstructive sleep apnea hinges on its produce and you will vary from a situation education, eating plan, continued self-confident airway tension (CPAP), a tongue-preserving product, and/otherwise surgery in the event of mental malformations hidden the brand new apnea. Pursuing the treatments for the brand new sleep disorder, the seriousness of the brand new ADHD episodes is going to be lso are-evaluated.
Several research has shown you to definitely making use of this way of a particular volume band, particularly sensorimotor flow neurofeedback (SMR, good twelve-15 Hz flow found on central lateralized web sites) leads to improved sleep spindle thickness while sleeping [168, 169], reduced bed latency and you may improved total sleep date [169, 170]. Bed spindles exists during white and you will strong bed where it cover off waking because of external stimuli, ergo assisting the procedure of dropping off to sleep. Shortly after melatonin government, alot more bed spindles can be found and you can a recently available polysomnographic research located that pupils with ADHD exhibited smaller interest inside same several-15 Hz sigma ring while sleeping, reflective out of shorter bed spindles . Some other current investigation from inside the a team of ADHD patients indicated that SMR-neurofeedback contributed to a great stabilized sleep-onset. Along with, people who have a great normalized bed-start latency had improved appeal once therapy .
Neurofeedback Neurofeedback is a strategy where EEG pastime is given-back in actual-amount of time in order to lead to notice-controls over specific brain activity Strapon dating online, centered on studying standards and you may operant fortifying
SMR neurofeedback is actually hypothesized to rehearse this new bed spindle community, leading to a lot of time-title potentiation (LTP), that increases synaptic benefits, and also the probability of future activation with the system [5, 172]. Based on the finding that intellectual deficits you want a period out-of typical sleep to come out of bed maximum [24, 25], a recently available meta-data shown the negative effects of neurofeedback towards inattention in the ADHD further increased to on average half a year shortly after procedures, while it was false regarding non-productive handle criteria, nor from inside the conditions related to psychostimulant treatment therapy .


In Minecraft, players can use various weapons to attack and protect themselves from dangers. They can use melee weapons to deal massive amounts of damage to close enemies or use ranged weapons to take care of monsters from a safe distance.
Crossbows are among the best ranged weapons in Minecraft. It is an easy-to-craft weapon used mainly by pillagers. Players can craft a crossbow using three sticks, one iron ingot, two strings, and a tripwire hook. While they take longer to load than bows, crossbows deal more damage.
Like every other weapon, any player can improve the crossbow's power and utility by enchanting it. Here are some fantastic enchantments that every crossbow needs in Minecraft.
Enchantments for crossbows in Minecraft
#5 - Unbreaking III
Unbreaking is a must-have enchantment for all tools, armors, and weapons. With this enchantment, players will be able to use their gears for a longer time. In Minecraft, every weapon, armor, and tool has a certain amount of durability points. Unbreaking enchantment reduces the chances of a durability point getting used up when a player uses their gear.
#4 - Mending
Like unbreaking, mending is also a necessary enchantment for all applicable items. Using mending, players can automatically repair all of their tools, armors, and weapons. Things enchanted with mending consume experience points to restore durability points.
#3 - Quick charge III
When using a crossbow for the first time, players can easily feel how long it takes to load ammunition into the crossbow. With quick charge enchantment, players can load arrows/rockets in crossbows quickly.
Crossbows enchanted with quick change III can load ammunition in 0.5 seconds.
#2 - Multishot
Multishot is fun and straightforward to use as an enchantment for crossbows. With this enchantment, players can shoot three arrows or rockets at the cost of one. It is similar to the infinity enchantment available for bows in Minecraft.
However, players will still have to carry lots of arrows or fireworks with them.
#1 - Piercing IV
Piercing is one of the most powerful enchantments in Minecraft. As obvious from its name, players can pierce through mobs using piercing enchanted crossbows. Depending on its level, they can pierce through more than one mob.
Sadly, this enchantment is not suitable with multishot.
Disclaimer: This article reflects the author's views.


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This is insane.
Washington Governor Jay Inslee (pictured below) signed a bill allowing shelters to hide runaway children from their parents in order to allow them abortions and sex change treatments and surgeries.
But don’t worry, your children still can’t get tattoos or vote or drink or anything. They can just kill their own children and/or mutilate their own private parts.
LifeNews.com: Scheduled to go into effect in July, the legislation allows runaway children as young as 13 to stay in licensed youth shelters without their parents’ knowledge – even if there are no signs of abuse. Until now, state law required shelters to notify parents within 72 hours, My Northwest reports. Shelters also can help minors get taxpayer-funded abortions and sex-change hormones and surgeries without telling their parents.
According to the Post Millennial, the bill says shelters do not have to notify parents if the child has a “compelling reason” not to, such as “seeking placement in a host home to receive protected health care services.” These “services” include elective abortions and sex-change surgeries and hormones.
There does not have to be any evidence or even allegations of abuse for the shelter to hide information from parents.
So, if a child wants to mutilate him/herself or mutilate and kill their child, the state will prevent their parents from seeing them. Seems to me Governor Jay has an obsession with harming children.
I’m not really kidding. The moment you stop seeing life as sacred, it becomes a burden. And in the materialist viewpoint, freedom simply becomes freedom from burdens. It is the exact opposite of Christianity which implores us to pick up our cross. But if the highest form of freedom is freedom from burden, anything and everything can be seen as a burden, including a baby and your own body.
In the end, this is what it’s about. It’s about Christianity versus materialism. Materialism only has matter. That matter has given rise to accidental and meaningless life. The only ambition of such a life is to bear it with minimal pain, except everything is a pain. Materialism only offers pain and death, which is the cessation of burden.
Christ offers life, immortal life. Within that life there is the possibility of love, grace, redemption, faith, wonder, mystery, awe and gratitude.

domain: law


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El Monte Halloween store
El Monte is a residential and commercial city in Southern California. Almost 12 miles east of downtown, this city is the center point of the San Gabriel Valley. With an area of 9.6 square miles, El Monte is the ninth biggest city in Los Angeles Country. The city additionally has an ethnically different and dynamic populace. The majority of the population is Hispanic (72%) followed by Asian (18%) and White (7%). As per 2010 census, El Monte recorded a population of almost 113,500.
The city offers shops and eateries include La Victoria Restaurant, Dumpling House, La Familia and Viet Huong Restaurant where you can enjoy some delicious meals with your friends and family. You could also drop by Turnbull Canyon to see the astonishing view of Hsi Lai Temple and Rose Hills Memorial Park and the pack for a pleasant walk. Whittier Narrows Recreation Area is a great place to play games and explore golf course, shooting ranges, urban farm, horse center and a lot more.
A portion of the best walkway bars are situated in El Monte, for example, the Silver Dollar Saloon, the Lounge and Havana Club Restaurant & Bar. The bar staff in the majority of the bars here will welcome you as though you were family from the minute you stroll into the bar. Therefore, we can say that El Monte is the perfect blend of fun and excitement.
A stop at the Glendale Halloween Store will fill the 2023 Halloween needs of any Halloween enthusiast. It’s just a few miles from El Monte and offers a large selection of Halloween costumes, accessories, decorations, makeup and a lot more. The Zip code of our store is 91502. For anyone searching for costume theme accessories or Halloween special effects, Halloween El Monte has that as well to offer. Looking for something unique, cool and spooky? Once again come to the Halloween store in Glendale and explore the largest collection of Halloween costumes for men, women, kids and even toddler. Happy Haunting El Monte!

domain: geography


TruGlo Tru-Site Xtreme Bow Sights
Sale starting at:
Clearance starting at:
TruGlo® Tru-Site Xtreme Bow Sights are a lightweight composite pin guard that comes complete with extra-long, protected and wrapped fibers, five .029'' fiber-optic pins aligned on the same plane to eliminate distortion, a large round circular field of vision, and an aperture that has a 2'' inner diameter. The glow-in-the-dark shooter's ring helps align the peep sight. Can be used for right or left handed bow.
Manufacturer model #: TG5101B.
- Lightweight composite pin guard
- Extra-long, protected and wrapped optic fibers
- Glow-in-the-dark shooter's ring
Rated 4.8 out of 5 by 39
Rated 5 out of 5 by Shaunsouthalabama Beginers sight
Great sight. All of it is made of metal except the cover for the optics. The Triditum loaded sights are bright and the glow in the dark ring is strong. The buble level is green, would have liked to gotten the red one like in the picture but it still is great. And I recieved five pins, you cant beat that. This sight has great markings for adjustments and is left or right handed. I feel like I purchased a 60 to 70 dollar sight for half the price. What a steal!!!! A must buy
August 20, 2006
Rated 5 out of 5 by CDUDE Great sight for the $$$$
I was looking into a new sight and this was one of my top contendors in the middle of my price range and some buddies insisted I get the Truglo instead of brand X,Y,Z. Well.. I did and love it lol. The pins are bright even without the light and very easy to sight in. The only time I really have to use the light is in a blind. Seems very durable (haven't dropped it or nothing and don't plan to test it), and very well built. Will see how long it last and if it looks as good as it seems I will buy Truglo again.
January 19, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by mGreen great sight for the money!
First sight i've every owned. If your kinda tight on money after a new bow purchase this is a great sight to start with. I blew all my money on a bow and arrows, with little funds left I bought this sight and it has been great. I have to say the pins do start to look a bit big at 30 yards or more, but if your sighting in and just starting to shoot this is a great bow sight at 20 or even 30 yards. The pins are extremely bright and pick up every bit of light. Great purchase for the money!
September 11, 2011
Rated 5 out of 5 by Hunting2Eat Love at first Sight
Got this sight 2 years ago, set it once, have never had to reset it, always see my pins with out using the light. Love it!
August 11, 2011
Need Help? 7 days a week: 7am to 10pm CT or call 1.800.227.7776 anytime


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Coronavirus: Lafayette students use art as an outlet on Virtual Art Day during pandemic
Elementary students in Broussard got creative at home with a Virtual Art Day orchestrated by parents and teachers from Martial F. Billeaud Elementary.
Students used everything from paint to sidewalk chalk to make artwork to share on the school's parent-teacher organization Facebook page.
The page was filled with photos of students painting canvases, holding up paper drawings of Pokemon and Star Wars characters, and standing beside stained glass-inspired chalk art.
"Art gives them an escape from constant chaos and pressure they don't understand," said Morgan Bartsch, president of the school's PTCO and parent of an MBE kindergartener. "It's an outlet to express themselves."
Sharing the photos through the Facebook page allows them to continue the community feeling the new school has developed throughout the year, which is especially important as schools are closed to stop the spread of COVID-19.
"We are keeping in contact on our pages, keeping that community," Bartsch said. "The teachers have a great relationship with these students, and they're still thinking about school in this crazy time."
Art Day was part of Virtual Spirit Week with different themes each day. For Build It Day, kids used Play-Doh and Legos, and on Reading Day they shared photos of themselves reading.
"We want them to keep doing activities and still feel important," Bartsch said.
Another way the MBE community is staying connected is through a weekly newsletter from the principal and daily "surprise" video messages from teachers and administrators.
"We are sending out a surprise video to all of our students each day at noon," Principal Christy Hayes said. "Teachers and staff were encouraged to send me a video of them reading a book, sweet messages, art activities, P.E. activities, or just what's happening. They all jumped at the opportunity."
They are usually about two minutes long and sent to families via the Remind app. Then they are posted on the school's website and often shared on Facebook.
Bartsche said her son Monroe loves them.
"They're perfect, because two minutes is all my 5-year-old has the attention span for," she said. "He saw the exercise one and said, 'Oh, I know her.'"
Then he did the exercise "Coach Jenny" shared.

domain: sociology


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Carrie rod pocket panels are a room darkening thermal insulated curtain pair. Carrie has an antique satin look on a classic slubbed fabric. Carrie has foam thermal backing, 3 layers of acrylic foam. The thermal insulation saves energy and reduces heating cost. Carrie keeps out the cold and keeps in the heat. Available in Black, sizes 63" and 84" long & sold by the pair. Rod pocket has an unique textured fabric. Carrie is 100% polyester fabric. Carrie has a 1 1/2" header & 1 1/2" pocket. For proper fullness use two times your window width in fabric.
Photo Shows: Two Blackout Panels
There are not yet any product reviews for this item.

domain: design


suburbs and back into urban areas. Areas such as Harlem, Washington Heights and Brooklyn have deeply been affected by it. Gentrification has variable type of impact like many positive changes as a better-looking neighborhoods, more job opportunities as well as a reduction in crime rates in those areas, but with these positive changes negative results for others within the community will be affected such as displacement and rent increase which forced people to move out. Despite its positive impact which mainly affect the new incomers, gentrification seems to be better because of the positive results for the community since its main purpose is to benefit the community
In the memoir, We Took the Streets by Miguel “Mickey” Melendez recounts the histories of the highly controversial activist group, the Young Lords and their battle for social equality for Puerto Ricans and Latinos in New York City. As a founding member of the group, Melendez gives an unprecedented historical perspective into the efforts of a marginalized community during the late 1960’s, anxious for equal economic, social and political status. The contributions of The Young Lords are vital to history because they demonstrate how a group of individuals bonded by a common objective can produce change through conflict and resistance. Although the memoir successfully highlights the essential inequities that provoked the group to take back the streets
On a normal scale, measuring the association between two subjects, one would assume gentrification and school segregation are not related in any sense. In fact, most would argue that school segregation ended in 1954 with the Brown v. Board of Education. This assumption would be incorrect. Deep within the American society lies a new kind of segregation that is neither talked about nor dealt with. Segregation is a result of gentrification—the buying and renovation of houses in deteriorated neighborhoods by upper-income families or individuals—thus, improving property values but often displacing low-income families. It is this displacement that causes segregation in cities like Cleveland, Ohio and Tuscaloosa, Alabama. However, if the meaning of gentrification is changed, and people work towards making sure the upper-income families and the underprivileged are able to live together in the same community, segregation would subside.
The Chicago Race Riots of 1919 was a major conflict that began in Chicago Illinois because of racial tension between black and whites because of cultural differences. The Chicago race riots is also referred to as the “Red Summer” because of all the bloodshed that took place the summer after World war 1. The race riots began on July 27th, 1919 and ended August 3rd, 1919. On the first day of the riots thirty eight people died, 23 were black, 15 were white and 537 people. The race riots are a part of Chicago’s history that had a major affect on racial, political and social problems. The riots began after the death of Eugene Williams. Eugene Williams was a young black male who drowned due to swimming at an all white beach and rocks being thrown
Racism is alive and well in our modern day society. The fact that racism is a prominent form of social justifications cannot be neglected. On the contrary to this, Angeline Price’s article titled, “Working Class Whites,” she argues that racism is gone but this idea of “classism” would be the “last available method of prejudice in our society.” However, Michael Omi and Nell Bernstein think otherwise. Omi argues that inferential racism already exists in our society, and it is the prime tool in categorizing people based on the color of their race. In Bernstein’s article, “In Living Color: Race and American Culture,” he provides vivid examples of younger generations adapting and abiding to their definitions of racism. Similarly, the article
For the last 170 years, maybe longer, there has been a recurring displacement of local inhabitants from their native land or community. Motives ranging from greed in relations to an expansion of land and wealth or just wanting a change in “scenery”. While such actions can indeed have a positive outcome on the person doing the action it may not work out for the people it's happening to. Such examples are The Trail of Tears & the modern day Gentrification of the Chicago South Side. The Trail of Tears was the forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans from their native land in Southeastern U.S to the Mississippi River. While gentrification is the removal of lower income minorities from a deteriorated urban neighborhood in hopes to “revive
“Overall, the percentage of black residents in Kansas City — which rose from 17.5 percent in 1960 to 31 percent in 2000 — has now dropped to 29 percent” (As Whites Flock to Kansas City, Blacks Pick the Suburbs 1). Segregation in Kansas City has been a problem for decades. One of the biggest problems in the 1940’s-1960’s is segregation in neighborhoods. This is one of the biggest concerns because it concerns where people eat, go to school, go to work, and many other aspects of their lives. African Americans were forced to live east of Paseo and all white people lived to the west of it. “ Many African-Americans worked and lived in the West Bottoms, but the second industrial revolution
Chicago 's Chinatown has changed, expanded and evolved as businesses and people come and go. Articles about Chinatown like "Here 's why Chicago 's Chinatown is booming, even as others across the U.S. fade" from the Chicago Tribune mentions that some people believe that Chicago 's Chinatown has avoided gentrification, which is why it continues to thrive as other Chinatowns do not. Even though I can see where they based their statement on, I disagree and think that Chicago 's Chinatown has experienced gentrification and will continue to.
On the overpass leading into Yonkers is a large sign which states "GENERATION Y" short for generation Yonkers. After some research I found out that this was a plan to revitalize Yonkers. Mayor Mike Spano has approved for one billion dollars to be used fix up downtown Yonkers, focusing on the riverfront, in order to attract young business men and women. The idea in itself is wonderful. Not only are they fixing up dilapidated buildings, they are also bringing in new businesses that will stimulate the economy. The problem, however, is the effect the revitalization has on the homeless community.
According to a survey of mayors, most of them expressed desire for higher housing values. For them, the ideal neighborhood is “older areas that have maintained housing values.” In light with economic imperatives and logic, mayors need to prioritize economic growth. Hence, they tend to view wealthier areas as model or ideal neighborhoods. Thus, it is unlikely for them to implement policies that would create highly-black neighborhood because of poverty and negative effects associated to concentrated poverty (Einstein and Glick 889). This scenario calls to maintain the status quo.
Gentrification is the process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste. Real Estate investors usually take low-income places that they feel have a chance to prosper economically, and turn them into areas that attract the middle and upper class workers. In doing so they feel like the low-income areas will be safer and more appealing, attracting more people to visit and live there. An improvement to a poor district sounds beautiful, but is gentrification as great as it’s sought out to be? Many residents have their doubts about gentrification due to the idea that the costs of their living will go up and they will be driven out of their neighborhoods. Gentrification is nothing to fear and should
The Pruitt-Igoe Myth is a documentary that explores public housing in Saint Louis, Missouri, in particular the history of the infamous Pruitt-Igoe public housing complex. Pruitt-Igoe was a public housing project billed as the perfect solution in the early 1950s, to solve the problems of slums in Saint Louis and to bring people back into a city that had seen a population decline from previous years. Saint Louis was an ageing city desperate to regain their postwar prominence as a bustling city, but faced many challenges pertaining to the racial makeup of the segregated city and the loss of many jobs to suburban areas. Many whites had begun to participate in what is now referred to as “white flight”, or the migration of middle class whites to
Within the last decade, San Francisco has dramatically changed. San Francisco’s working class people and poor neighborhoods underwent drastic economic and racial changes from the 1990s to mid 2000s, resulting in the undeniable gentrification of the districts. San Francisco’s gentrification has reached a ridiculous new extreme, making it the most expensive city in the country, outstripping even Manhattan. The beginning of the issue was right after the dotcom and Tech industries started drastically moving to the Bay Area. In 2005, new technology companies like Google, Facebook, and Cisco began attracting thousands of high-paid employees to the bay. The companies moved to the South Bay but the city attracted many of these young techies.
From a theoretical point of view, the rationale of rent gap theory is suggesting that gentrification activities will probably occur for neighborhoods and homes in case where speculations of land or properties exist. This theory was first argued by a renowned geographer, Neil Smith, and further unevenly developed by several theorists, pointing out that if there is a potential disinvestment in property occurs, which means the estimated value generated from the piece of land or the property is higher than the current use, the rent that can be extracted will become gradually less. The extent of the gap will always tend to be developed between the rental value of the property and that which could be derived a higher reinvested use. All in all, these


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Ralph Carr (1818-1862)
Ralph Carr was Val’s great-great grandfather, born in Whitehaven, Cumberland, England on 19 December 1818, the son of Ralph Carr and Mary Walsh. He was baptised on 24 January 1819 at Holy Trinity Church, Whitehaven.
Like his father, he was a seafaring man, and in those days Whitehaven was quite a busy port.
He married Isabella Little at St Bees, Cumberland, on 20 August, 1846. They had six children, Mary, Ralph, Edward, Elizabeth Renney, William Edward and Thomas. Mary Carr (1847-1897), the eldest, who married Thomas Ellwood, was Val’s great grandmother.
Ralph Carr died on 4 May 1862 on board the schooner Hematite of Whitehaven during the passage to Oporto in Lat 43 2 N Long 9 4 W, in the 42nd year of his age. He was buried on the west side of the harbour at Corunna, Spain, near to the grave of the celebrated General Sir John Moore who was killed during the retreat of the British Army to that place during the Peninsular War against Napoleon, which is the subject of a well-known poem by Charles Woolfe.
William John Crighton (1842-1886)
William John Crighton was Val’s great great grandfather. He was born in Cape Town on 25 December 1842, the son of Henry Crighton and Petronella Francina Dorothea Flamme. The family were saddlers and leather merchants, and William followed in the family business. They lived in Woodstock, a couple of miles out of Cape Town.
William John Crighton married Anna Maria MacLeod (1849-1917), daughter of William James MacLeod and Mary Kerwick, in January 1866. They had eight children: Mary Frances, Isabel, William John, Frank Percy, Daniel Jhon, Charles Joseph, James Percival and Percival.
The eldest, Mary Frances, was Val’s great-grandmother, who married Frederick Vincent Green.
George Coenraad Behr (1846-1902) and Charlotte Christiana Johanna Behr (1851-1944)
Not an ancestor, but the double brother-in-law of William John Crighton, George Coenraad Behr was born on 23 December 1836 in Cape Town, the son of George Hendrik Behr and Maria Magdalenia Steinhobel. He married Harriet Crighton (1851-1919), the sister of William John Crighton, and they had ten children.
George Behr’s sister, Charlotte Christina Johanna Behr (1851-1944) married Henry Joseph Burnard Crighton (1845-1887), the brother of William John Crighton and Harriet Crighton. They had no children. She also had a December birthday, being born on 21 December 1851.

domain: history