text:
|Abstracts of Talks|
Horst Reichel presented on-going work towards a uniform categorical approach to data and process specifications. It is shown that injective (left) Kan extensions, respectively projective (right) Kan extensions, can be used in a very natural way to represent parametric inductive data type definitions, respectively parametric coinductive process type definitions. Injective and projective Limits as special cases of Kan extensions represents the non-recursive cases of data respectively process types.
Analogously to the weakening of limits to sketches we weaken Kan extensions to (Kan) sketches. It turns out that Kan sketchable categories are not sufficient to represent those model classes of parametric data and process types that appear naturally in software specifications as functor categories constraint by conjunctions of projective and injective Kan sketches.
However, the use conditionally (nested) and conjunctively composed systems of Kan sketches leads to an extremely expressive specification formalism, called nested sketches. One can show that the Hennessy-Milner Logic and that primitive-recursive functions are specific instances of the term model of the corresponding nested sketch specifying image finite labeled transition systems, respectively natural numbers.
Functor algebras and coalgebras interpreting data type specifications are usually determined by one of two functor schemas, F and G. F is polynomial and bicontinuous. Initial F-algebras consist of finite terms, final F-coalgebras consist of finite and infinite terms. The terms are built up of constructors that form a signature SIG. F-algebras are SIG-algebras. By "inverting" the constructors of SIG one obtains a signature DSIG of destructors such that F-coalgebras are DSIG-algebras. G starts out from a destructor signature SIG' of "attributes" and "methods" and thus involves infinite products. The final G-coalgebra consists of tuples of "context" functions composed of the attributes and methods. If all attributes and methods are unary, the function tuples boil down to (infinite) terms, and the final G-coalgebra agrees with a final F-algebra.
The categorical approach provides guidelines for separating constructors from destructors and other defined functions of a swinging specification SP . The final SP-model may include finite (term) denotations of infinite objects, but usually does not cover all elements of a final G-coalgebra unless the latter is the final realization of the initial SP-model's behavior. This holds true and the final SP-model is embedded in the final G-coalgebra if SP is behaviorally consistent. These relationships between coalgebras and SP-models deal only with the functional part of SP. For interpreting predicates one may employ powerset functors, but here the descriptive or methodological benefit from using category theory instead of simple set theory is questionable.
More on the talk can be found in Section 5 of . The slides of the talk can be downloaded from http://ls5.cs.uni-dortmund.de/~peter/WGSlides.ps.gz.
 P. Padawitz, Sample Swinging Types, http://ls5.cs.uni-dortmund.de/~peter/BehExa.ps.gz
 P. Padawitz, Swinging Types = Relations, Functions, and Transition Systems, http://ls5.cs.uni-dortmund.de/~peter/Rome.ps.gz
We introduce a temporal logic for coalgebras. Nexttime and lasttime operators are defined for a coalgebra, acting on predicates on the state space. They give rise to what is called a Galois algebra. We illustrate the usefulness of these operators in the (coalgebraic) specification of classes. Galois algebras form models of temporal logics like Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) and Computation Tree Logic (CTL). We show how the mapping from coalgebras to Galois algebras turns out to be functorial, yielding indexed categorical structures.
Reference: The temporal logic of coalgebras via Galois algebras
The model-oriented formal method known as VDM uses a specification language called VDM-SL. The dynamic semantics for this language is solely defined from a model-theoretic point of view. Thus, it is not at all clear that the defined semantics is appropriate for deriving proof rules which reflect the semantics. This presentation focussed on challenging areas for proof rules for VDM-SL. It was illustrated how the combination of underdeterminedness and recursion can be provided with a collection of proof rules and this was illustrated by a few small examples with variations of the factorial function.
The presentation was based mainly on: Semantics of Under-determined Expressions.
We provide concise abstract (ASM) code for running the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). First we define a fast JVM as platform for provably correct Java compilation, exhibiting a general compilation scheme of Java programs to JVM code. These definitions, together with the definition of an abstract interpreter of Java programs, allow us to prove that any compiler that satisfies some natural conditions compiles Java code correctly. As a by-product we provide a challenging realistic case study for mechanical verification of a compiler correctness proof. We have also validated our JVM and compiler specification through experimentation with ASMGofer which has been developed during this summer by Joachim Schmid and Wolfram Schulte.
The modularity of our definitions for Java, the JVM and the compilation scheme exhibit orthogonal language, machine and compiler components, which fit together and provide the basis for a stepwise and provably correct design-for-reuse. We extend the above JVM to a defensive JVM which can be used safely as Java independent platform for executing arbitrary byte code. We then separate the bytecode verification machine part from the executing part and obtain in such a way a model for the bytecode verifier. As last step we integrate this bytecode verifier into a loading machine which together with the executing ASM provides a full JVM model. The construction makes use of new composition techniques for building complex ASMs out of simpler ones.
See also his home page.
CASL, the common algebraic specification language, has been developed as a language that subsumes many previous algebraic specification frameworks and also provides tool interoperability. CASL is a complex language with a complete formal semantics. It is therefore a challenge to build good tools for CASL. In this work, we present and discuss the Bremen HOL-CASL system, which provides parsing, static checking, conversion to LaTeX and theorem proving for CASL specifications. To make tool construction manageable, we have followed some guidelines: re-use of existing tools, interoperability of tools developed at different sites, and construction of generic tools that can be used for several languages (in particular, it is possible to have an institution-with-symbols-independent static analysis of CASL structured specifications). We describe the structure of and the experiences with our tool and discuss how the guidelines work in practice.
For further information please see the Bremen CoFI Home Page.
(joint work with Michel Bidoit, Francoise Tort, and Martin Wirsing)
This talk deals with an enhancement of UML class diagrams by formal notations which specify the properties of interfaces and classes. In the first part of the talk a formal notation for interface constraints is presented which allows us to describe the observable behaviour required by any correct interface implementation (provided by some class). The semantics of interface constraints is defined in terms of the observational logic institution.
In the second part of the talk, the object constraint language OCL is used to specify classes by invariants and pre- and post conditions of the operations. The semantics of the OCL constraints is defined by a schematic translation into a CASL specification. The correctness of an implementation relation between an interface and a class can then be verified by using algebraic proof techniques.
Remark: A corresponding paper appears under the title "Correct Realizations of Interface Constraints with OCL" at the UML '99 conference, Fort Collins, USA.
(joint work with Rolf Hennicker)
The Object Constraint Language OCL is a new specification language which is used for formalizing semantic constraints of UML diagrams. In this lecture we present a method for applying OCL for the development of class implementations and introduce a new Hoare-Calculus for OCL. For simplicity we restrict our approach to total OCL formulae.
In the first part of the lecture we characterize OCL as a first-order logic with bounded quantification whose basic data types such as containers, sets, multisets and sequences can be algebraically axiomatized. "Internal" consistency conditions in the spirit of Z and Z++ are given to ensure the semantic well-definedness of class specifications.
In the second part of the lecture a new Hoare-Calculus for OCL is presented.
As programming language we choose a (sequential) kernel of Java. The Hoare rules are as usual for while programs and for method calls. Access and update of instance variables is handled by an explicit substitution operator which also takes care of aliasing. The rule for creation of objects uses the "allInstances"-operator of OCL.
Our calculus is inspired by Poetzsch-Heffter and Mueller's Hoare calculus for Java; the main difference is that we do not have any explicit representation of state in our formulas. In this respect we rather follow the ideas of Gries and De Boer for handling arrays and references by explicit substitution.
As main result we prove the soundness of our Hoare-Calculus.
I will firstly briefly review the algebraic semantics of structured transition systems originally proposed in my PhD thesis and in . Intuitively, a transition system is a graph (two objects and two parallel arrows in the category of sets), while a structured transition system is an internal graph in a category where usually objects have a richer structure than sets. The categorical framework makes easy to generalize the construction of the path category of a graph to the structured (internal) case, provided that the ambient category satisfies mild assumptions.
Many rule based computational formalisms are usually presented by stressing some algebraic structure of the states, but sticking, for the definition of the rewriting mechanism, to a collection of rule and to some matching mechanism. The basic intuition I will stress next is that the matching mechanism can be more elegantly presented by lifting the algebraic structure from states to transitions or rules, presenting therefore the systems as a structured transition system. This intuition is made explicit for example for P/T Petri Nets in a seminal work by Meseguer and Montanari, and for term rewriting in Meseguer's (unconditional) Rewriting Logic.
This different, more declarative presentation of rule based systems is useful for relating different formalisms and for the analysis of compositional semantics based on left adjoint functors. As a case study,
I will present a categorical description of term graph rewriting, which is a main result of some joint works with Fabio Gadducci [2,3]. This declarative description of term graph rewriting is shown to be equivalent to well-known operational presentations, and fits precisely in the structured transition system methodology.
Here are some pointers to some relevant papers.
 Corradini, A. and Montanari, U., An algebraic semantics for structured transition systems and its application to logic programs, TCS 103, 51-106, 1992.
 Corradini, A. and Gadducci, F., A 2-Categorical Presentation of Term Graph Rewriting, in Proc. Category Theory and Computer Science, LNCS 1290, Springer Verlag, 1997.
 Corradini, A. and Gadducci, F., Rewriting on cyclic structures, Techincal Report TR-98-05, Dipartimento di Informatica, Pisa,, 1998. Extended abstract in Z. Esik, editor, Fixed Points in Computer Science, satellite workshop of MFCS '98. Full version submitted for publication.
(Joint work with Carlos Duarte)
There have been a number of studies of the design of distributed systems considering the existence of an environment over which little (if any) control is retained. Perhaps the most systematic of these studies uses rely and guarantee conditions that assert respectively what is assumed about the behaviour of the environment and what behaviour the system is committed to insure, as long as the assumptions hold. This approach is a refinement of the pre and post condition approach extensively studied for sequential program design. We propose a new rely-guarantee discipline based on linear time future temporal connectives applied in a categorical setting where components have open semantics and composition is via colimit constructions. Rely-guarantee becomes a tool for verification, as opposed to earlier uses as part of specifications, to provide a modular proof discipline for the design of open distributed systems.
(joint work with Razvan Diaconescu)
Paradigm, theory, and method which support novel style system specification and verification in a new algebraic specification language CafeOBJ is explained. CafeOBJ is a modern successor of OBJ incorporating several recent developments in algebraic specification theory and practice including important features for concurrency and behavioral specifications.
The presentation includes:
It also includes a demonstration of the above-mentioned topics using CafeOBJ system running on Linux/MacOS/Windows.
For further information, please see the CafeOBJ Home Page.
|Abstracts of Talks|

domain: design


Multiscale is seeking a materials data scientist who is a strong collaborator and problem solver. In this role, you will fuse your materials science and data science know-how to enable the world’s top product and manufacturing companies to transform their R&D
Multiscale Technologies believes new materials are the future, but the current path to reach them is obsolete and not sustainable. We have built advanced technologies to rechart this path. We bring together the best and most dedicated materials scientists, mechanical engineers, data scientists, and computer engineers to design materials and optimize manufacturing processes. Because of our emphasis on agility and efficiency, the degree of collaboration and growth you will experience here is unmatched. Join our team and accelerate the world towards a more advanced materials and sustainable future.
Multiscale is an equal opportunity company. We value diversity, equity, and inclusion. We welcome applicants of all backgrounds. We are committed to fostering an inclusive and supportive work environment for everyone.
· Develop, validate, and maintain robust models and capabilities using high-dimensional, materials data. Work with software engineers to integrate advanced capabilities into the Multiscale innovation platform
· Employ methodologies, frameworks, and technical approaches to improve and scale the Multiscale innovation platform
· Leveraging the Multiscale innovation platform to collaborate with domain specialists, software engineers, and customers to define materials innovation requirements and implement production solutions
· PhD (or near completion) in Materials Informatics related fields
· Experience working with high-dimensional and complex materials datasets
· Strong experience in Python and Machine Learning frameworks
· Expertise in advanced statistics
· Competitive salary with a base of $150K and equity package
· Medical, Dental and Vision insurance benefits with 100% premium covered
· Paid time off and holidays
· Flexible Work location: Seattle or Remote
$140,000 - $160,000 per year


For years, we’ve stood up for a healthy climate in Canada by opposing new fossil fuel infrastructure. But parallel to this fight is to create a vision for the communities we want to live in. Adopting local climate solutions – cycling networks, renewable energy, public transit and local food production, building retrofits – is crucial to building climate-friendly communities.
Governments can steer the public towards these options by pricing climate-changing carbon pollution, eliminating fossil fuel subsidies, funding green infrastructure and setting greenhouse gas reduction targets. They also must shift funding from highway expansion to public transit. Climate policy needs to be equitable and effective to enable the transition to a low-carbon society.
Communities in Canada are already well on their way, but we need meaningful action from provincial and federal governments. Our educational report, Zero Carbon or Bust, contains a roadmap for the strong regulations we need to move forward.
British Columbia’s Future Public Transit Map
Most of Metro Vancouver is Zoned for Single Family Homes - Most Neighbourhoods Exclude More Families
Your much appreciated donation keeps this work going!
Get in on the action and make a difference!
Help spread the word!
CLIMATE PLAN HAS AN LNG-SIZED HOLE IN IT For five years since the launch of the provincial government’s CleanBC climate plan, the Wilderness Committee and our allies have often pointed out that its math doesn’t add up. No matter how many times the BC NDP government insists it can meet its climate...


text:
A meeting that was supposed to be just for the players became a group therapy session for Kings players, coaches and the front office Tuesday.
On Monday night, All-Star center DeMarcus Cousins said a players-only meeting was needed after a 106-88 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. It turned into a chance for everyone to vent after the Kings’ 1-7 start to a season most in the organization believed could produce a playoff berth.
“Guys and the coaching staff and the front office talked about how comfortable players are with plays, coaches with the attitudes and stuff like that,” Kings general manager Vlade Divac said. “When you have a problem in the family, you address it, you talk about it. I was very pleased how we talked about it openly.”
- Kyle Kuzma intends to display Raf Simons pink sweater in his mansion
- Khloe Kardashian, Tristan Thompson welcome second baby via surrogate
- Stephen Curry Surprises Riley with New Sneakers for 10th Birthday
- Kevin Durant Charity Foundation unveils first basketball court in Tokyo
- Knicks, Lakers, Jazz nearly pulled trigger on Westbrook, Mitchell trade
Main Page6 days ago
Under Armor set to release Curry 4 FloTro sneakers on August 5
Main Page5 days ago
Hornets’ PJ Washington and girlfriend Alisah Chanel expecting first child
Main Page1 day ago
Knicks, Lakers, Jazz nearly pulled trigger on Westbrook, Mitchell trade
news1 week ago
NBA Twitter Reacts Hilariously to Jimmy Butler’s New Hair

domain: sports


text:
For SpaceUpClose.com & RocketSTEM PORT CANAVERAL, FL – Alas it was not to be – as only broken bits of the payload fairing halves from the 12th SpaceX Starlink launch on Thursday morning, Sept. 3 this week were recovered by the SpaceX fleet and returned to Port Canaveral a day later Friday afternoon, Sept. 4. SpaceX had not made any
For SpaceUpClose.com & RocketSTEM PORT CANAVERAL, FL – Both halves of the nose cone from SpaceX’s history making 1st polar launch of a Falcon 9 rocket from Florida on Sunday evening, Aug. 30 were recovered by the SpaceX naval fleet after soft splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean and returned to Port Canaveral overnight a day later this morning, Monday, Sept.
For SpaceUpClose.com & RocketSTEM CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, FL – SpaceX is poised to accomplish a record breaking first ever 6th launch of a recycled Falcon 9 1st stage Tuesday morning Aug. 18 of the 11th batch of the firms broadband internet satellites from the Florida Space Coast. Liftoff of the ‘flight-proven’ SpaceX Falcon 9 booster B1049.6 is targeted
For SpaceUpClose.com & RocketSTEM PORT CANAVERAL, FL – In another remarkable space hardware recycling feat the SpaceX team managed to recover both nose cone halves as well as the Falcon 9 1st stage from the now 5x flown and landed booster following Fridays beautiful post-midnight blastoff of the 10th batch of their Starlink broadband internet satellites to orbit on Aug.
For SpaceUpClose.com & RocketSTEM PORT CANAVERAL, FL – The first ever dual payload fairings halves caught by SpaceX boats from the same launched nose cone – originating from Mondays Falcon 9 rocket launch of South Korea’s first dedicated military satellite July 20 – returned to Port Canaveral overnight in darkness and were subsequently hoisted off mere hours later this morning
For SpaceUpClose.com & RocketSTEM PORT CANAVERAL, FL – SpaceX crews managed to recover both of the recycled payload fairing halves from ocean waters and returned them to Port Canaveral Sunday afternoon aboard the two fairing recovery ships outfitted with giant nets akin to a ‘catchers mitt’ – from yesterday’s spectacular predawn launch of the 9th Starlink mission also carrying a
For SpaceUpClose.com & RocketSTEM PORTCANAVERAL/CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, FL – Following the oft weather delayed but nevertheless spectacular SpaceX launch of their next batch of their 60 Starlink satellites into sunny skies on a used Falcon 9 rocket on Wednesday morning, Jan. 29, the special SpaceX naval fleet team was able to successfully recover both halves of the payload

domain: news


text:
The organ at Church of the Nativity is the Opus 115 of the Andover Organ Company, Methuen, Massachusetts. The organ was designed with characteristics of instruments typical of small New England parishes of the 19th century. It is delightfully voiced for the acoustic intimacy of our modest-sized nave. Since its installation in 2007, the organ’s liturgical sounds have led the singing at Church of the Nativity as we worship the glory of God.
The organ has 1062 pipes played by two manuals and pedal-board with the swell division enclosed in a mechanically operated swell box to affect the sound level. The key and stop action are mechanical, which give the organist full control and expression of the pipe speech and musical articulation.
The design of the instrument provides for 20 stops. The initial installation in 2007 included delivery of 12 stops with the chests prepared for 8 additional ranks of pipes to be completed in the future. Ten years later in 2017 the prepared stops were installed and the organ was completed.
The facade pipes are made of 70% polished tin. The keyboards are covered with cow bone naturals and ebony sharps and the draw knobs are made of Pau Ferro with faux ivory labels. The solid walnut pipe shades contrast with the solid red oak case, which matches the wood trim in the church. The organ has a Zimbelstern and a star that turns when the bells ring. It is a fitting addition for Church of the Nativity.
|8’||Open Diapason||58 pipes|
|8’||Chimney Flute||58 pipes|
|8’||Stopped Diapason||58 pipes|
|4’||Silver Flute||58 pipes|
|2 2/3’||Nazard||58 pipes|
|1 3/5’||Tierce||58 pipes|
|8’||Flutebass ext.||12 pipes (extension)|
|4’||Choralbass ext.||12 pipes (extension)|
|8’||Tromba||12 pipes (extension)|
|Zimbelstern (bell star)|
|Swell to Great Coupler|
|Swell to Pedal Coupler|
|Great to Pedal Coupler|


Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Again I used the size 10 circular 16" needle and also a size 7 circular 16" needle, and worsted weight yarn.
Start by casting on 126 stitches onto the size 10 needle. Join to knit in the round.
Knit the 1st round. Purl the 2nd round. Knit the 3rd round. Purl the 4th round.
After this you will just knit.
Each of my stripes is 8 rounds long.
I made 3 stripes then changed colors and knit one round with my next color of choice. Those 3 stripes were about 4 inches of knitting.
After you have completed one round in that color you will decrease the number of stitches on the needle. On this round K1 and then K2tog all the way around.
You will now have 84 stitches on the needle. Continue with the stripes.
After I had 5 total stripes, or about 7 inches of knitting, I switched to the next color and at the same time switched to the size 7 needle. I knit 9 rounds in this color. Since it was a smaller needle I needed to do more rounds to make this stripe a little closer to the size of the other stripes.
Then switch to the next color, which for me was my "fiesta" yarn and also the same color that I started with. You will now begin knitting the waistband. K1, P1 all the way around, and continue in this pattern for 18 rounds or twice as long as you want the waistband to be.
Now turn your garment inside out. Be careful not to let stitches fall off when you are doing this.
You are now going to knit the stitches on your left needle to corresponding stitches on the last round of your previous stripe. This was the last round before the waistband.
Now if you want to it might be a good idea to cut a piece of elastic to the length of your child's waist measurement, and before you completely enclose the casing feed the elastic through the casing and sew the ends together creating a tight elastic waist band inside the casing and finish closing up the casing by continuing to knit 2 stitches together. I did not do this for this skirt, but I might should have. If you yarn doesn't keep its springyness (is that a word?) then you will definitely want to use elastic.
As you are doing this knit 2 together thing make sure that you are picking up the correct stitch on your round from the previous stripe. Just keep checking that if you are knitting a purl stitch that you are picking up a stitch in that same purl row. Did that make sense? Like just keep checking to make sure everything is aligned.
Basically you need to know what your gauge is. Mine is about 4 stitches by inch. You will need to measure the hip measurement of your model. Mine was 21 inches. Multiply that number by the number of stitches per inch in your gauge. For me that was 4 so 21 x 4 = 84. Now you want to divide your results by 2 and then add that result back to the number. So 84 / 2 = 42 and 84 + 42 = 126. That is how I got my cast on number. Now if your hip measurement is 24 and your gauge was 5 stitches per inch you would multiply 24 x 5 to get 120. 120 / 2 = 60. 60 + 120 = 180. 180 would be your cast on number. The only other thing that you would want to change for the pattern is the length of your bottom ruffle perhaps, and the overall length of the skirt.
Good luck and let me see pictures if any one else tries one!


Munis Forge Ltd.
|BSE: 532079||Sector: Engineering|
|NSE: N.A.||ISIN Code: N.A.|
|BSE 05:30 | 01 Jan||Munis Forge Ltd|
|NSE 05:30 | 01 Jan||Munis Forge Ltd|
Munis Forge Ltd. (MUNISFORGE) - Company Information
Registered as a partnership firm in 1982, in the name of Mehta Steel Industries, Munis Forge was later on converted into public limited company in Jan.'95 under the present name. The company, which is promoted by the Nagpur based Mehta & Group, was initially engaged in the manufacture of air coolers. Later on it diversified into the production of steel forgings with an installed capacity of 10,000...> More


Table Of Contents
Release Notes for Cisco Aironet 350, 1100,
and 1200 Series Access Points for Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR
July 1, 2004
These release notes describe features, enhancements, and caveats for Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR. They also provide important information about Cisco Aironet 350, 1100, and 1200 series access points. This release is based on Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)JA.
These release notes contain the following sections:
The Cisco Aironet Access Point is a wireless LAN transceiver that acts as the connection point between wireless and wired networks or as the center point of a standalone wireless network. In large installations, the roaming functionality provided by multiple access points enables wireless users to move freely throughout the facility while maintaining uninterrupted access to the network.
You can configure and monitor 350, 1100, and 1200 series access points using the command-line interface (CLI), the web-browser interface, or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
This release is based on Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)JA.
You can install Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR on all 1100 series access points and on model AP1230 access points. You can also install this release on 350 and 1200 series access points that have been converted to run Cisco IOS software. You can tell whether an access point runs VxWorks or Cisco IOS software by looking at the GUI: the GUI on an access point running VxWorks has a yellow and red color scheme, and the GUI on an access point running Cisco IOS software has a green, light-green, and black color scheme.
Note Software upgrades fail when you use the web-browser interface to install Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR on 1200 series access points. The image size exceeds the access point's 4-MB restriction for software upgrades. Use TFTP to upgrade your 1200 series access point to this release. For complete instructions on using TFTP to upgrade access point software, see the "Working with Software Images" section on page 20-18 in the Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points.
Your 350 series access point must run one of these VxWorks versions before you can convert to IOS software: 12.03T, 12.02T1, 12.01T1, 11.23T, or 11.21. Your 1200 series access point must run one of these VxWorks versions before you can convert to IOS software: 12.03T, 12.02T1, 12.01T1, 12.00T, 11.56, or 11.54T. If your access point runs version 12.04, you must downgrade to a supported VxWorks version before upgrading to IOS software.
Your 1200 series access point must run one of these VxWorks versions before you can convert to IOS software: 12.03T, 12.02T1, 12.01T1, 12.00T, 11.56, or 11.54T. If your access point runs version 12.04, you must downgrade to a supported VxWorks version before upgrading to IOS software.
Note Cisco Aironet 340 Series Access Points do not support IOS software. Do not attempt to load an IOS image on 340 series access points or on 350 and 1200 series access points that have not been converted.
Finding the IOS Software Version
To find the version of IOS software running on your access point, use a Telnet session to log into the access point and enter the show version EXEC command. This example shows command output from an access point running Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)JA:ap>show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C1200 Software (C1200-K9W7-M), Version 12.2(15)JACopyright (c) 1986-2004 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
On access points running IOS software, you can also find the software version on the System Software Version page in the access point's web-browser interface. If your access point does not run IOS software, the software version appears at the top left of most pages in the web-browser interface.
Upgrading to a New Software Release
For instructions on installing access point software:
1. Follow this link to the Cisco Support page:
2. Follow this path to the product, document, and chapter:
Aironet 1200 Series Wireless LAN Products > Cisco Aironet 1200 Series Access Points > Aironet 1200 Series Access Points, Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)JA > Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points > Managing Firmware and Configurations > Working with Software Images
3. Click this link to browse to the Cisco IOS Software Center on Cisco.com:
Log into Cisco.com to use the Cisco IOS Upgrade Planner.
Converting to Cisco IOS Software
If your 350 or 1200 series access point does not run IOS software, you can use the conversion utility or the conversion upgrade image to convert the access point system to IOS software. Use the conversion utility to maintain the current configuration after the conversion, or load the upgrade image to convert to IOS software without saving the current configuration. Your access point must be running one of these VxWorks firmware versions before you can convert to IOS software:
•350 series access points must be running VxWorks version 12.03T, 12.02T1, 12.01T1, 11.23T, or 11.21
•1200 series access points must be running VxWorks version 12.03T, 12.02T1, 12.01T1, 12.00T, 11.56, or 11.54T
Note The upgrade image and the conversion tool do not support VxWorks version 12.04. Access points running version 12.04 must be downgraded to a supported operating system version before you can use the upgrade image or the conversion tool.
Note The upgrade to Cisco IOS software is permanent; you cannot revert to non-IOS software. Product warranties do not cover unintended upgrades.
For complete instructions on using the conversion utility, refer to the Cisco Aironet Conversion Tool for Cisco IOS Software, 2.1 Administrator Guide for Windows. Click this link to browse to the Administrator Guide:
To download the conversion utility or the upgrade image, click this link to browse to the Cisco IOS Software Center on Cisco.com:
On the Cisco IOS Software Center page, enter your Cisco.com username and password to use the Feature Navigator or the Cisco IOS Upgrade Planner, or click Wireless Software to go to the Wireless LAN Software page. Download the conversion utility or the upgrade image for 350 or 1200 series access points. You can also download instructions for using the utility and the image.
Some Fields Not Updated During Upgrade to IOS Software
When you upgrade an access point to run Cisco IOS software, some fields that are reported in the console messages during the upgrade are blank or are populated with zeros. However, blank or zero fields are normal after a successful upgrade, because 350 and 1200 series access points do not support that information. This example shows fields that might appear blank or populated with zeros:32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.Base Ethernet MAC Address: 00:05:9A:38:42:91Part Number : 0-0000-00PCA Assembly Number : 000-00000-00PCA Revision Number :PCB Serial Number :Top Assembly Part Number : 000-00000-00Top Assembly Serial Number :Top Revision Number :Product/Model Number : AIR-AP352-IOS-UPGRD
This section lists new features in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR. Table 1 lists the features that are supported on the devices that support this release.
Table 1 New Features Introduced for Access Points in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR
Feature 350 Series 1100 Series 1200 Series
IP-Based Wireless Domain Services
Layer 3 Mobility Service via Fast Secure Roaming Tunnels
IP-Based Wireless Domain Services
This feature enables the access point to be explicitly configured with the IP address of its WDS device. This allows the access point to use a Cisco network infrastructure device running WDS from anywhere in the network. For instructions on using this feature, refer to the "Configuring Access Points to use the WDS Device" section on page 11-12 in the Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points. Click this link to browse to the Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points:
Layer 3 Mobility Service through Fast Secure Roaming Tunnels
This feature allows an access point to segregate WLAN clients into different mobility groups. Once a client is authenticated using its mobility group's security policy, all IP traffic from the client is encapsulated using Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) and sent to a specific multipoint generic routing encapsulation (mGRE) interface of a Cisco Structured Wireless-Aware Network (SWAN) infrastructure device that supports mobility groups. A Layer 3 mobility service capable access point provides clients within each mobility group with Layer 3 mobility when used with a Cisco SWAN infrastructure device supporting Layer 3 mobility. Support for Layer 3 roaming is provided for all Wi-Fi Certified client devices. Support for fast secure Layer 3 roaming is provided for Cisco or Cisco Compatible wireless client devices using the Cisco Centralized Key Management (CCKM) protocol.
This section contains information you should keep in mind when installing 350, 1100, and 1200 series access points.
Installation in Environmental Air Space
This section provides information on installing 1100 and 1200 series access points in environmental air space, such as above suspended ceilings.
Cisco Aironet 1100 and 1200 Series Access Points provide adequate fire resistance and low smoke-producing characteristics suitable for operation in a building's environmental air space, such as above suspended ceilings, in accordance with Section 300-22(C) of the National Electrical Code (NEC) and Sections 2-128, 12-010(3) and 12-100 of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1, C22.1.
Caution The power injector does not provide fire resistance and low smoke-producing characteristics and is not intended for use in extremely high or low temperatures or in environmental air spaces, such as above suspended ceilings.
Note If you plan to mount a 1200 series access point with a 5-GHz radio in an area subject to environmental air space, Cisco recommends that you mount the access point horizontally so that its antennas point down. Doing so ensures that the access point complies with regulatory requirements for environmental air space with the 5-GHz radio installed.
This section describes issues you should consider before applying power to an access point.
Caution The operational voltage range for 1100 series access points is 24 to 60 VDC, and the nominal voltage is 48 VDC. Voltage higher than 60 VDC can damage the equipment.
Caution The nominal voltage for 1200 series access points is 48 VDC, and the access point is operational up to 60 VDC. Voltage higher than 60 VDC can damage the equipment.
Caution Cisco Aironet power injectors are designed for use with Cisco Aironet access points and bridges only. Do not use the power injector with any other Ethernet-ready device. Using the power injector with other Ethernet-ready devices can damage the equipment.
Note The WS-F6K-PWR power over Ethernet (PoE) daughtercard in a Catalyst 6500 series switch cannot supply power to a 1200 series access point. Using a Catalyst 6500 series switch for inline power requires the WS-F6K-FE48-AF, WS-F6K-GE48-AF, or WS-F6K-VPWR-GE PoE daughtercard.
Use Only One Power Option
You cannot provide redundant power to 1100 and 1200 series access points with both DC power to its power port and inline power from a patch panel or powered switch to the access point's Ethernet port. If you apply power to the access point from both sources, the switch or power patch panel might shut down the port to which the access point is connected. Figure 1 shows the power configuration that can shut down the port on the patch panel or powered switch.
Figure 1 Improper Power Configuration Using Two Power Sources
Operating 5-GHz Radio Requires Power Injector, Power Module, or Catalyst 3550-24 PWR Switch
The 1200 series power injector and the 1200 series power module support operation of the 5-GHz radio in the access point. Currently, the Catalyst 3550-24 PWR switch supports power for both the 2.4-GHz radio and the 5-GHz radio. Other switches and power patch panels might not provide enough power for the 5-GHz radio.
Access Point Requires 1200 Series Universal Power Supply and Power Injector
The 350 series universal power supply and power injector are not compatible with the 1200 series access point. If you use a power injector or a power module to provide power to a 1200 series access point, you must use a 1200 series universal power supply. If you need to use a power injector to inject power into the access point's Ethernet port, you must use a 1200 series power injector.
Unpowered 1100 Series Access Points Cause Loopback When Connected to Switches Without Loopback Detection
When you connect an unpowered 1100 series access point to a switch without loopback detection, the access point causes a loopback. To avoid this problem, make sure loopback detection is enabled on the switch to which the access point is connected. If your switch does not have loopback detection, disconnect the access point from the switch when the access point power is off.
For instructions on the proper installation and grounding of external antennas for 1200 series access points, refer to the National Fire Protection Association's NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 810, and the Canadian Standards Association's Canadian Electrical Code, Section 54.
Warning Do not install the antenna near overhead power lines or other electric light or power circuits, or where it can come into contact with such circuits. When installing the antenna, take extreme care not to come into contact with such circuits, as they may cause serious injury or death.
This section describes important information about the access point.
TFTP Required to Upgrade 1200 Series Access Points to this Release
Software upgrades fail when you use the web-browser interface to install Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR on 1200 series access points. The image size exceeds the access point's 4-MB restriction for software upgrades. Use TFTP to upgrade your 1200 series access point to this release. For complete instructions on using TFTP to upgrade access point software, see the "Working with Software Images" section on page 20-18 in the Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points. Click this link to browse to the Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points:
Default Username and Password Are Cisco
When you open the access point interface, you must enter a username and password. The default username for administrator login is Cisco, and the default password is Cisco. Both the username and password are case sensitive.
New Express Security Page Simplifies Security Setup
The new Express Security page in the access point web-browser interface makes it easier to create SSIDs and assign security settings to them. Figure 2 shows the Express Security page.
Limitations of the Express Security page include:
•You cannot edit SSIDs. However, you can delete SSIDs and re-create them.
•You cannot assign SSIDs to specific radio interfaces. The SSIDs that you create are enabled on all radio interfaces. To assign SSIDs to specific radio interfaces, use the Security SSID Manager page.
•You cannot configure multiple authentication servers. To configure multiple authentication servers, use the Security Server Manager page.
•You cannot configure multiple WEP keys. To configure multiple WEP keys, use the Security Encryption Manager page.
•You cannot assign an SSID to a VLAN that is already configured on the access point. To assign an SSID to an existing VLAN, use the Security SSID Manager page.
•You cannot configure combinations of authentication types on the same SSID (such as MAC address authentication and EAP authentication). To configure combinations of authentication types, use the Security SSID Manager page.
For complete instructions on using the Express Security page, see the "Configuring Basic Security Settings" section on page 2-11 in the Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points.
Figure 2 Express Security Page
Access Points Do Not Support Loopback Interface
Access points do not support a loopback interface. Cisco recommends that you not configure a loopback interface on the access point.
Non-Cisco Aironet 802.11g Clients Might Require Firmware Upgrade
Some non-Cisco Aironet 802.11g client devices require a firmware upgrade before they can associate to the 802.11g radio in the access point. If your non-Cisco Aironet 802.11g client device does not associate to the access point, download and install the latest client firmware from the manufacturer's website.
Throughput Option for 802.11g Radio Blocks Association by 802.11b Clients
When you configure the 802.11g access point radio for best throughput, the access point sets all data rates to basic (required). This setting blocks association from 802.11b client devices. The best throughput option appears on the web-browser interface Express Setup and Radio Settings pages and in the speed CLI configuration interface command.
Transmit Power Set to Maximum When You Install 802.11g Radio
When you replace the 802.11b radio in a 1200 series access point with an 802.11g radio, the 802.11g radio is set to the maximum transmit power allowed in your regulatory domain regardless of the power setting configured on the 802.11b radio. After you install the 802.11g radio and the access point reboots, configure the 802.11g radio to the preferred transmit power.
Use Auto for Ethernet Duplex and Speed Settings
Cisco recommends that you use auto, the default setting, for both the speed and duplex settings on the access point Ethernet port. When your access point receives inline power from a switch, any change in the speed or duplex settings that resets the Ethernet link reboots the access point. If the switch port to which the access point is connected is not set to auto, you can change the access point port to half or full to correct a duplex mismatch and the Ethernet link is not reset. However, if you change from half or full back to auto, the link is reset and, if your access point receives inline power from a switch, the access point reboots.
Note The speed and duplex settings on the access point Ethernet port must match the Ethernet settings on the port to which the access point is connected. If you change the settings on the port to which the access point is connected, change the settings on the access point Ethernet port to match.
Use force-reload Option with archive download-sw Command
When you upgrade access point or bridge system software by entering the archive download-sw command on the CLI, you must use the force-reload option. If the access point or bridge does not reload the Flash after the upgrade, the pages in the web-browser interface might not reflect the upgrade. This example shows how to upgrade system software successfully using the archive download-sw command:AP# archive download-sw /force-reload /overwrite tftp://10.0.0.1/image-name
Radio MAC Address Appears in ACU
When a Cisco Aironet client device associates to an access point running IOS software, the access point MAC address that appears on the Status page in the Aironet Client Utility (ACU) is the MAC address for the access point radio. The MAC address for the access point Ethernet port is printed on the label on the back of the access point.
Radio MAC Address Appears in Access Point Event Log
When a client device roams from an access point (such as access point alpha) to another access point (access point bravo), a message appears in the event log on access point alpha stating that the client roamed to access point bravo. The MAC address that appears in the event message is the MAC address for the radio in access point bravo. The MAC address for the access point Ethernet port is printed on the label on the back of the access point.
Mask Field on IP Filters Page Behaves the Same As in CLI
In Cisco IOS Release 12.2(8)JA and later, the mask that you enter in the Mask field on the IP Filters page in the access point GUI behaves the same way as a mask that you enter in the CLI. If you enter 255.255.255.255 as the mask, the access point accepts any IP address. If you enter 0.0.0.0, the access point looks for an exact match with the IP address that you entered in the IP Address field.
Repeater Access Points Running IOS Software Cannot Associate to Parent Access Points Running VxWorks
Repeater access points running Cisco IOS software cannot associate to parent access points that do not run IOS software (all 340 series access points, and 350 and 1200 series access points that have not been converted to run IOS software).
Repeater Access Points Cannot Be Configured as WDS Access Points
Repeater access points do not support WDS. You cannot configure a repeater access point as a WDS access point, and if a root access point becomes a repeater in fallback mode, it cannot provide WDS.
Crossover Cable Sometimes Needed When Ethernet Speed and Duplex Set to Fixed on 1100 Series Access Points
If you change the speed and duplex settings from auto to fixed on an 1100 series access point's Ethernet port, the auto-MDIX feature on the port is disabled. When auto-MDIX is disabled, you must determine whether to use a straight-through or a crossover cable to connect the access point Ethernet port to another device. If the Ethernet link goes down after you set the speed and duplex to fixed, try changing the Ethernet cable from crossover to straight-through or from straight-through to crossover.
Cannot Perform Link Tests on Non-Cisco Aironet Client Devices and on Cisco Aironet 802.11g Client Devices
The link test feature on the web-browser interface does not support non-Cisco Aironet client devices nor Cisco Aironet 802.11g client devices.
System Software Upgrade Sometimes Fails Using Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01 SP2
A system software upgrade sometimes fails when you use Microsoft Internet Explorer version 5.01 SP2 to upgrade system software using the HTTP Upgrade page in the web-browser interface. Use a later version of Microsoft Internet Explorer to perform HTTP system software upgrades, or use TFTP to upgrade system software. Click this URL to browse to the Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points for complete instructions on performing software upgrades:
1100 Series Access Points with Boot Loader Version 12.2(4)JA Boot into Monitor Mode
When the Ethernet port is disabled on an 1100 series access point running boot loader version 12.2(4)JA, the access point boots into monitor mode when it reboots. To avoid this problem, connect the access point Ethernet port to one of the following:
•a wired LAN
•the Ethernet port on a PC
Remove power from the access point and reapply power to reboot the unit. When the access point senses an Ethernet connection, it boots normally.
Corrupt EAP Packet Sometimes Causes Error Message
During client authentication, the access point sometimes receives a corrupt EAP packet and displays this error message:Oct 1 09:00:51.642 R: %SYS-2-GETBUF: Bad getbuffer, bytes= 28165 -Process= "Dot11 Dot1x process", ipl= 0, pid= 32 -Traceback= A2F98 3C441C 3C7184 3C604C 3C5E14 3C5430 124DDC
You can ignore these messages.
When Cipher is TKIP Only, Key Management Must Be Enabled
When you configure TKIP-only cipher encryption (not TKIP + WEP 128 or TKIP + WEP 40) on any radio interface or VLAN, every SSID on that radio or VLAN must be set to use WPA or CCKM key management. If you configure TKIP on a radio or VLAN but you do not configure key management on the SSIDs, client authentication fails on the SSIDs.
Cisco CKM Supports Spectralink Phones
Cisco CKM (CCKM) key management is designed to support voice clients that require minimal roaming times. To date, CCKM supports only Spectralink Wireless Phones. Other voice clients have not been tested with CCKM and are not supported.
Non-Cisco Aironet Clients Sometimes Fail 802.1x Authentication
Some non-Cisco Aironet client adapters do not perform 802.1x authentication to the access point unless you configure Open authentication with EAP. To allow both Cisco Aironet clients using LEAP and non-Cisco Aironet clients using LEAP to associate using the same SSID, you might need to configure the SSID for both Network EAP authentication and Open authentication with EAP.
Microsoft Patch Fixes WPA Authentication Delay
When the access point is configured for optional or mandatory WPA authentication, client adapters in Windows XP platforms sometimes experience a delay when initially authenticating to the access point immediately after it starts up. A patch from Microsoft resolves this issue. The patch is described in Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 826942.
This section lists Open Caveats and Resolved Caveats for Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR. This release is based on Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)JA. All bugs resolved in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)JA are also resolved in this release.
These caveats are open in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR:
•CSCeb50727—Unpowered 1100 series access points sometimes cause a loopback when connected to switches without loopback detection. When you connect an unpowered 1100 series access point to some switches without loopback detection, the access point sometimes causes a loopback. To avoid this problem, make sure loopback detection is enabled on the switch to which the access point is connected. If your switch does not have loopback detection, disconnect the access point from the switch when the access point power is off.
•CSCeb52431—When logging into a TACACS+ server, 1100 series access points sometimes send hundreds of additional authentication requests to the server after a successful authentication.
•CSCec73044—When WPA is configured on the access point, associated client devices occasionally report MIC failures on packets from the access point.
•CSCed42897—The access point sends a get tlv command when the MAC is enabled. However, the access point should send the get tlv command only when the MAC is disabled.
•CSCed63953—The access point information element always transmits the default QoS CWMin value for best effort regardless of the value that you enter for that setting.
•CSCed67615—When you configure filtering on the GUI, MAC address filtering sometimes fails when you allow all addresses except a range of specific MAC addresses.
Workaround: Use the CLI to configure multicast MAC address filtering on the bridge groups.
•CSCed75292—The access point radio sometimes reboots when a client device attempts to authenticate at the same time that you enter this command on the access point CLI:show aaa user all
Workaround: Disable the access point radio before you enter the show aaa user all command.
These caveats are resolved in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR:
•CSCeb02792—The 802.11a radio in 1200 series access points no longer reports 100% busy for all frequencies when you run the Carrier Busy test.
•CSCec02800—The access point web-browser interface no longer incorrectly displays cached information for the Associations page and now lists all associated client devices.
•CSCec25430—The access point no longer reboots when it receives a specific packet.
•CSCec25559, CSCed48488—When both 802.11g and 802.11a client devices transmit data simultaneously to the 802.11g and 802.11a radios in a 1200 series access point, the throughput of the 802.11a radio does not decrease.
•CSCec55763—When both the 802.11g and 802.11a radios in a 1200 series access point simultaneously operate under extremely high data loads for an extended period, the 802.11a radio no longer hangs and the access point no longer reboots.
•CSCec55820—When both the 802.11g and 802.11a radios in a 1200 series access point simultaneously operate under extremely high data loads for an extended period, the access point no longer reboots.
•CSCed02200—During EAP-SIM authentication, the access point now accepts client identities longer than 63 bytes.
•CSCed02220—When you upgrade an access point from 12.2(13)JAx to 12.2(15)XR, the wlccp wds ipaddr 228 interface BVI1 command remains valid.
•CSCed03154—The access point no longer indicates that a client device is associated when the client is not associated.
•CSCed25530—The Ethernet queue on 350 series access points no longer hangs, and input traffic is no longer dropped from the Ethernet interface.
•CSCed60301—When you enable shared key authentication and TKIP on an SSID on a 1200 series access point, most client devices can associate using the SSID.
•CSCed64393—A memory allocation failure no longer occurs on 350 series access points that have been upgraded to run Cisco IOS software.
•CSCed66461—Dual-mode client devices (clients with both 802.11b and 802.11g radios) can now associate to the access point when you change the access point's 802.11g radio from Best Throughput to Best Range.
•CSCed79096—The 1200 series access point now correctly reports its power need to a switch with power over Ethernet as 7 W.
•CSCed83246—Access points now send IGMP queries through the radio interface when a client device reassociates.
•CSCed84527—The access point no longer deauthenticates roaming client devices when the 1 and 2 Mbps datarates are disabled on the access point.
•CSCed87190—The Best Throughput button on the access point web-browser interface for 802.11g radios now provides the best throughput for the 802.11g radio.
•CSCee16473—When the WDS access point sends an oversized radio management packet to the WLSE device, this message no longer appears in the WLSE event log:com.cisco.swan.lib.wlccp.WlccpParseException: truncated message: bufferlength=8000, encoded length=8390
•CSCee18627, CSCee14096—If the access point is not configured as a local authenticator, the access point no longer reboots when you enter the clear radius local-server user user command.
•CSCee22037—When you convert an access point from VxWorks to Cisco IOS software and you have SNMP traps enabled before the conversion, the access point GUI now indicates as enabled only the SNMP traps that are enabled after the conversion.
•CSCee44666—Software upgrade no longer disables TACACS+.
•CSCee53647—Cisco legacy world mode remains enabled when you upgrade to Cisco IOS release 12.2(15)XR.
•CSCee55955—Client devices no longer fail LEAP authentication when IOS/PIX attributes are configured in Cisco Secure ACS.
•CSCee62247—Client devices in power-save mode no longer generate tracebacks when associated to 350 series access points.
•CSCee70393—The debug dot11 mgmt tally command now shows the incrementing and decrementing of association counters on the access point.
•CSCin62683—Client devices no longer fail to report a potential rogue access point.
•CSCin74956—Client devices that associate to the access point using an SSID with CKIP+CMIC encryption now receive IP addresses from the DHCP server.
For the most up-to-date, detailed troubleshooting information, refer to the Cisco TAC website at http://www.cisco.com/tac. Click Technology Support, choose Wireless from the menu on the left, and click Wireless LAN.
This section lists documents related to Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)XR and to 1100 and 1200 series access points.
•Cisco Aironet Conversion Tool for Cisco IOS Software, 2.0 Administrator Guide for Windows
•Quick Start Guide: Cisco Aironet 1100 Series Access Points
•Quick Start Guide: Cisco Aironet 1200 Series Access Points
•Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide for Cisco Aironet Access Points
•Cisco IOS Command Reference for Cisco Aironet Access Points and Bridges
•Installation Instructions for Cisco Aironet Power Injectors
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
For information on obtaining documentation, submitting a service request, and gathering additional information, see the monthly What's New in Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and revised Cisco technical documentation, at:
Subscribe to the What's New in Cisco Product Documentation as a Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feed and set content to be delivered directly to your desktop using a reader application. The RSS feeds are a free service and Cisco currently supports RSS Version 2.0.
Cisco and the Cisco Logo are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. A listing of Cisco's trademarks can be found at www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1005R)
Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.


When the reviews of the mega show Amma Mazhavillu fills the pages on social media, latest reports claim that Tamil superstar, Suriya, who was invited as the chief guest of the show was shooting for his new film ‘NGK’ at that time.
Reports claim that initially the organisers of the show had thought of inviting a superstar from Bollywood, but when things did not work out, they began searching for a star from the Telugu and Tamil films. When Suriya, who takes lakhs for an hour, was invited, he requested to be evaded as he was busy with the shooting of his next film. The organisers thought that he might have rejected their request due to the last minute call.
Finally, the organisers used the trump card, Mohanlal. Mohanlal finally called up Suriya personally and invited him to the show. It was then that the team realised that Suriya was indeed busy with the tiring shooting schedule of his upcoming film, ‘NGK.’. Mohanlal insisted that he need not come from his hectic schedule. However, Suriya reciprocated saying that it was for the first time that Mohanlal had requested him something and that he would overcome all his problems and be present for the show.
This is when Suriya flew down to Trivandrum and graced the show. A popular Tamil web portal has reported this. They have generously praised actor Suriya for his modesty and down-to-earth attitude.
Now towards the tail end of the report, the portal puts forth a tricky question. In spite of acting together in ‘Jilla,’ and addressing Mohanlal as a genius, why didn’t Mohanlsl invite Vijay for the show?
This indeed is a thought provoking question for the Tamil public put forth by the portal anyway!
You can watch this Video:


text:
A PIL has been filed at the Delhi High Court challenging the Central Government’s decision to permit Covid-19 vaccine Covaxin to conduct their phase II/III clinical trial for the age group 2-18 years. The petitioner wants the government notification allowing the same to be quashed.
A PIL has been moved in Delhi High Court challenging Centre's notification which has accorded permission to conduct the Phase II/III clinical trial of Covaxin in the age group 2 to 18 years to its manufacturer Bharat Biotech Ltd.— ANI (@ANI) May 18, 2021
“A person can offer to do anything only if he/she is capable of understanding the consequences of his/her act. In the present case, the subject matter of clinical trials being minors (even toddlers who – for the reason of their age only – are not capable of even speaking and understanding languages in a proper manner) cannot be supposed to volunteer for the aforesaid clinical testing,” the petition said as per an ANI report.
The petition filed by one Sanjeev Kumar also demands that Covaxin place on record the details of the children who will be subjected to the trial.
Earlier today, the Delhi High Court imposed a Rs. 10,000 cost on a petitioner whose plea sought details of foreign Covid-19 vaccine manufacturers who have sought approval in India. “We are not going to entertain the writ petition to increase your knowledge. There is an Act for that,” the Court had observed.
It said, “For every small problem, writ petition is not the solution. It is fashion to convert every idea into a writ petition. Jurisdiction of this Court can’t be misused by public.” Another plea that sought vaccination for Delhi on priority and priority vaccination for certain classes of citizens was junked by the Court as well.
“Everyone wants priority in vaccination…who will be number 2 then? High Court will not do such things,” it said.

domain: law


text:
Self-Activating Therapeutic Nanoparticle: A Targeted Tumor Therapy Using Reactive Oxygen Species Self-Generation and Switch-on Drug Release
journal contributionposted on 18.06.2021, 16:03 authored by Rae Hyung Kang, Yumi Kim, Ji Hyeon Kim, Na Hee Kim, Hyun Min Ko, Seung-Hyeon Lee, Inseob Shim, Jong Seung Kim, Hyeung-Jin Jang, Dokyoung Kim
One of the recent advances in nanotechnology within the medical field is the development of a nanoformulation of anticancer drugs or photosensitizers. Cancer cell-specific drug delivery and upregulation of the endogenous level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in precision anticancer treatment. Within our article, we report a new therapeutic nanoformulation of cancer cell targeting using endogenous ROS self-generation without an external initiator and a switch-on drug release (ROS-induced cascade nanoparticle degradation and anticancer drug generation). We found a substantial cellular ROS generation by treating an isothiocyanate-containing chemical and functionalizing it onto the surface of porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) that are biodegradable and ROS-responsive nanocarriers. Simultaneously, we loaded an ROS-responsive prodrug (JS-11) that could be converted to the original anticancer drug, SN-38, and conducted further surface functionalization with a cancer-targeting peptide, CGKRK. We demonstrated the feasibility as a cancer-targeting and self-activating therapeutic nanoparticle in a pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model, and it showed a superior therapeutic efficacy through ROS-induced therapy and drug-induced cell death. The work presented is a new concept of a nanotherapeutic and provides a more feasible clinical translational pathway.
Read the peer-reviewed publication
JStranslational pathwayROS self-generationSelf-Activating Therapeutic Nanopar...nanoformulationCGKRKROS-induced therapysilicon nanoparticlesTargeted Tumor Therapyprecision anticancer treatmentreactive oxygen speciesdrug-induced cell deathReactive Oxygen Species Self-Generationswitch-on drug releaseisothiocyanate-containing chemicalanticancer drugsROS-responsive prodrugcancer cell-specific drug deliverycancer cellpancreatic cancer xenograft mouse modelSNanticancer drugROS-induced cascade nanoparticle de...surface functionalizationSwitch-on Drug ReleaseROS-responsive nanocarriersROS generationcancer-targeting peptideanticancer drug generation

domain: chemistry


text:
3 edition of Disability Discrimination Act: inclusion found in the catalog.
Disability Discrimination Act: inclusion
John H. Penton
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Equality legislation protects individuals from discrimination on the basis of their age, religion, disability, sex, race, sexual orientation and other protected characteristics. On this page you find articles, books and online resources providing background information and guidance. 5 Chapter 1 Understanding disability Box New emphasis on environmental factors The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (17) advanced the understanding and measurement of disability. It was developed through a long process involving academics, clinicians, and – impor -.
Read more: Explain what is meant by inclusion essay. Disability Discrimination Act – To protect the rights of people with disabilities and to make sure they have fair and equal access and opportunities to services. Children’s Act – Sets a clear duty to provide and maintain effective and accessible services for children & young. ) regulations , Disability discrimination amended act , Equality act , Racial and religious hatred act promote equality, diversity and inclusion .
Americans with Disabilities Act. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of external icon, as amended, protects the civil rights of people with disabilities, and has helped remove or reduce many barriers for people with legislation required the elimination of discrimination against people with disabilities. Since the passage of the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) in corporations, schools and the federal government have taken steps to protect the rights of all Americans. Signing the bill reflected a seminal moment in United States history; policymakers recognized that they had to do more to prevent discrimination.
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The new midwifery
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government’ programs and services.
As it relates to employment, Title I of the ADA protects the rights of both employees and job seekers. The UK's Disability Discrimination Act contains important rights and duties in respect of employment and occupations, trade organizations and qualifications bodies, the provision of goods and services, the disposal and management of premises, public transport, and education.
Disability Discrimination: Law and Practice provides an authoritative and up-to-date analysis. The Disability Discrimination Act (informally, and hereafter, the DDA) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which has now been repealed and replaced by the Equality Actexcept in Northern Ireland where the Act still applies.
Formerly, it made it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the Citation: c A companion book, The Law of Disability Discrimination Handbook: The Handbook also includes reference material relevant to interpreting Section of the Rehabilitation Act of and the Fair Housing Disability Discrimination Act: inclusion book Amendments ofas well as excerpts from the Civil Rights Act Book Edition: 8cb.
This is a compilation of the Disability Discrimination Act that shows the text of the law as amended and in force on 12 October (the compilation date). The notes at the end of this compilation (the endnotes) include information about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the compiled law.
The Equality Act for Educational Professionals book. A simple guide to disability inclusion in schools. primarily, the Equal Pay Actthe Sex Discrimination Actthe Race Relations Actthe Disability Discrimination Act and three major statutory instruments protecting discrimination in employment on grounds of religion.
To date, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the subsequent ADA Amendments Act () are the movement’s greatest legal achievements. The ADA is a major civil rights law that prohibits discrimination of people with disabilities in many aspects of public life.
The disability rights movement continues to work hard for equal rights. Disability Discrimination Act & Disability Standards for Education Disability Discrimination Act. The federal Disability Discrimination Act () (DDA) makes it illegal to harass or discriminate against a person with disability or their associate, on the basis of disability.
Norwegian Oman Welfare and Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities Act Arabic Palau The Disabled Person's Anti-Discrimination Act English Panama Law 15 of 31 May ammending Law 42 of. Disability Discrimination Act In-text: (Australian Government, ) Book. Carr, J. and Bertrando, S.
Policy Guidelines on Inclusion in Education - Published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - Paris. Disability discrimination is when you are treated less well or put at a disadvantage for a reason that relates to your disability in one of the situations covered by the Equality Act.
The treatment could be a one-off action, the application of a rule or policy or the existence of physical or communication barriers which make accessing something difficult or impossible.
The Disability and Inclusion Strategy was approved by the States in November The aim of the Strategy is to improve the quality of life of disabled Islanders and their carers through changing attitudes towards disabled people and carers so that they can be active and engaged socially, economically and culturally.
The implementation of this Strategy is a priority for the. 2 1 Historical Background of Disabilities Chapter Highlights: This chapter highlights the historical background of disabili- ties along with past and current legislation about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and individualized.
Below is a list of U.S. Supreme Court cases involving the rights of disabled persons and disability discrimination, including links to the full text of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions. Bragdon v. Abbott () The Court holds that HIV infection qualifies as a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Wright v. An Act relating to discrimination on the ground of disability. Part 1 — Preliminary. 1 Short title [see Note 1] This Act may be cited as the Disability Discrimination Act 2 Commencement [see Note 1] (1) Sections 1 and 2 commence on the day on which this Act receives the Royal Assent.
an act to enable provision to be made for the assessment of health and education needs occasioned to persons with disabilities by their disabilities, to enable ministers of the government to make provision, consistent with the resources available to them and their obligations in relation to their allocation, for services to meet those needs, to provide for the.
Disability Discrimination Act The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) provides legal protection for everyone in Australia against discrimination based on disability.
Disability discrimination occurs when people with disability are treated less favourably than people without disability. Disability and the Law: Late 20th Century • Rehabilitation Act –Prohibits disability discrimination by federal executive agencies and federal funding recipients • Last “ugly law” repealed –19th century “ugly laws” typically subjected people with “unsightly” or “disgusting” disabilities to arrest, detainment.
Free resources on disability and inclusion. Source, our website for practitioners and academics working in the field of disability, provides free access to resources on disability and inclusion, including books, journals, toolkits and reports.
It includes material from developing countries and literature not readily available elsewhere. Disability Inclusion Act No Assented to Date of commencement,sec 2 and () LW This Act has been amended by sec 30C of the Interpretation Act No Table of amendments.
Sec Rep No 15, sec 30C. Sch 5. Disability Discrimination Ordinance Pakistan National Policy for Persons with Disabilities South Africa Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, United Kingdom Equality Act (prior to October the relevant legislation was the Disability Discrimination Act as amended) United States of America.1.
The Act prohibits all forms of discrimination against persons with disability. If an individual is found violating this law, he/she will pay a fine of N, or a term of six months imprisonment. Section and the ADA protect qualified individuals with disabilities from discrimination on the basis of disability in the provision of benefits and services.
See the Facts Sheet and the Regulations for an explanation of who is a qualified individual with a disability and more detailed information about rights and responsibilities.


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Listing Of Sites About Sports Bra
Sports Bras for Women : Target
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16 best sports bras for workouts and running in 2021
Posted: (2 days ago) “sports bra styles run the gamut, from cross-backed and front-closed to racerback and wide-strapped, but generally, picking a bra based on impact level is key,” O'Connor said.
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12 Best Sports Bras - Top-Rated Workout Bras for Comfort ...
Posted: (17 days ago) sports bras can get pricey, but this four-pack costs less than most individual bras! Like the Nike style, it has medium support and a racerback, but this one also comes with removable pads.The ...
Posture Sports Bra for Women - Alignmed
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Plus Size Sports Bras for Women | Woman Within
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Posted: (2 days ago) sports braS: WOMEN'S FITNESS COMPANIONS. Fitness and athletics for women gained a lot of popularity in the 1970s. In the year 1975, the first ladies sports bra made its debut in the form of the Free Swing Tennis Bra.This bra reduced the movement of the breasts and lessened discomfort.
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Teen Sports Bra : Target
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Best Sports Bras for Running 2021 - Best Workout Bras
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15 Best High-Impact Sports Bras Of 2021
Posted: (4 days ago) sports bras have certainly come a long way since Lisa Lindahl invented the first one back in 1977 by fashioning together two jock straps. Throughout the last few years, big brands like Reebok ...
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Sports bra - Wikipedia
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The 10 Best Sports Bras for Large Breasts of 2021
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Sports Bra Size Chart
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text:
Source: Institute for the Study of War with American Enterprise Institute’s Critical Threats Project (Russian-occupied areas) | Note: Occupied areas are as of 3 p.m. Eastern on March 3. The New York Times
This guide was adapted from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine guide made by the Minnesota State University Mankato Library. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Banner image from Universitat de Barcelona https://www.ub.edu/web/portal/en/ukraine

domain: library


CHICAGO – Federal officials arrested a Chicago police officer on Friday in connection with his alleged role in the Jan.6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.
Karol J. Chwiesiuk was arrested Friday morning at his residence in Chicago, according to Joseph Fitzpatrick, Assistant US Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois.
He is charged with five federal misdemeanors alleging illegal entry and disorderly conduct on Capitol Hill grounds, according to the federal complaint,which includes images of Chwiesiuk inside the building wearing a Chicago Police Department sweatshirt.
Chwiesiuk appeared before a U.S. magistrate in Chicago on Friday and was released on personal bail, Fitzpatrick said. The Chicago Police Department and police union officials did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
“Does anyone have a plan? ” New Senate report details security and intelligence loopholes ahead of January 6 attack
According to the complaint, Chwiesiuk texted someone on the Sunday before the attack, saying he was traveling to Washington to “save the nation” and “I’m crazy.” The person cooperated with authorities and said she had known Chwiesiuk for 10 years, according to the complaint.
Chwiesiuk left Chicago on Jan.4 and arrived in Washington on Jan.5, according to the complaint. He stayed at the Mayflower Hotel on reservation made by his sister, according to cell phone geolocation data cited in the complaint.
On January 5, Chwiesiuk received an email from a “Stop the Steal” email account calling for the “Patriots” to come to DC to “make history,” according to a copy of the email included in the complaint.
Chwiesiuk went to the Capitol the day before the attack and walked around the grounds, according to the complaint. In nearly half an hour, he sent 44 picture messages to three people “known to the FBI”, according to the complaint.
“How much worse is it getting?” ” Trauma from Capitol Riot, car attack wreaks havoc among Hill employees
On the morning of January 6, Chwiesiuk texted the individual that he “knocked out a comrade last night”. He uploaded a selfie of himself and a man wearing a “Make America Great Again” hat standing outside in a crowd.
Hours later, Chwiesiuk was inside the Capitol, according to several images, stills from security cameras and geolocation data included in the complaint. Inside, Chwiesiuk sent or received more than 70 text messages, according to the complaint.
“We are inside the capital lmfao,” Chwiesiuk wrote to the person in a text, along with a selfie taken in the office of Senator Jeff Merkley, an Oregon Democrat, according to the complaint.


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|Morgan, Thomas - Tom|
Submitted to: Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/28/2005
Publication Date: 5/15/2005
Citation: Yoza, K., Imamura, T., Kramer, K.J., Morgan, T.D., Yaguchi, M., Nakamura, S., Kawasaki, S., Takaiwa, F., Ohtsubo, K., Beeman, R.W. 2005. Avidin expressed in transgenic rice confers resistance to the stored-product insect pests, Tribolium confusum and Sitotroga cerealella. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 69:966-971. Interpretive Summary: Insects damage rice in storage, and conventional control techniques, such as fumigants or residual insecticides, are being lost due to registration or resistance problems; thus, alternatives to these conventional control techniques are required. One alternative technology is use of transgenic rice varieties that have resistance to insects. We showed that transgenic rice that contains avidin, a protein that binds the vitamin biotin, is resistant to two of the major insect pests of rice, and that the avidin breaks down by heating to 95 degrees C., suggesting that cooking the rice would break down the avidin. The results indicate that the use of avidin rice would reduce pest damage in storage.
Technical Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa var. Nipponbare) was transformed with an artificial avidin gene. The features of this construct are as follows: (1) a signal peptide sequence derived from barley alpha amylase was added at the N-terminal region, (2) codon usage of the gene was optimized for rice, and (3) the gene was driven by rice glutelin GluB-1, an endosperm-specific promoter. Avidin was produced in the grain of the transgenic rice but not in the leaves. The concentration of avidin in the kernels was about 1,800 ppm. All larvae of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) and Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella) died when fed transgenic avidin rice powder or kernels, respectively, whereas most of the test insects developed into adults when they were fed a nontransgenic rice control diet. Avidin extracted from the transgenic rice kernel lost most biotin-binding activity after 5 minutes heating at 95 degrees C.

domain: food


text: The following commentary comes from an independent investor or market observer as part of TheStreet's guest contributor program, which is separate from the company's news coverage.NEW YORK ( Trefis) -- Last year, Wynn Resorts ( WYNN) saw overall revenues increase approximately 26% which was primarily driven by impressive performance in Macau. Wynn competes directly with Las Vegas Sands ( LVS), MGM Resorts International ( MGM), SJM, Galaxy and Harrah's among others. This quarter, we are watching Wynn's performance in Las Vegas which has started showing signs of a recovery. In Q4 2011, revenues from Las Vegas operations witnessed an increase of 7.2% vis-a-vis Q4 2010. We are also optimistic about VIP table games turnover, we expect it to show impressive growth due to the potential size of the Macau gaming market.

domain: economics


Considering new air conditioning equipment has never made more sense than right now. With Progress Energy raising the rates approximately 25% in order to pay for a future nuclear power plant, we are all in for some changes. We need to make adjustments or pay the price for not being efficient. Most heating and air conditioning manufacturers say the average life of a system is 12 to 15 years. If your equipment is close to this age, a new system should be considered because of the payback that can be gained. Saving 25%-50% over your present heating and cooling cost is only part of the benefit. Better air distribution, humidity control air filtration, less temperature swing, lower noise level, and the peace of mind of a new system under warranty are other benefits.