text:
Loyola Chicago notched its second straight upset in the 2018 NCAA Tournament with a 63-62 win over the Volunteers, giving the Ramblers their first Sweet 16 berth since 1985.
The Ramblers took a 29-25 lead into halftime, and despite a late rally from the Volunteers, Loyola won in the closing seconds. Guard Clayton Custer drained a game-winning jumper with three seconds left, adding another chapter to the Cinderella story the Ramblers had already started to write by defeating No. 6 seed Miami in first-round action Thursday.
Coming off of a night where No. 16 seed UMBC pulled off one of the biggest upsets in NCAA history by knocking out No. 1 Virginia, the pressure was on for No. 1 Villanova and No. 2 Duke to advance — and both teams were able to do that with blow out wins in Saturday's second round.
Villanova faced No. 9 Alabama in the East Region, and at no point was there a question the favorite would advance, the Wildcats winning 81-58. The players were fully aware of the UMBC stunner that happened the night before, with Villanova guard Donte DiVincenzo saying, "We're a 1 seed so it was more attention for us."
With the victory, the Wildcats are in the Sweet 16 after missing it last year following their 2016 national championship.
The Blue Devils faced No. 7 Rhode Island in the Midwest, and like the Tide against Villanova, the Rams were never really in the game, which Duke won 87-62.
Duke was led by freshman forward Marvin Bagley III, who scored 22 points with nine rebounds, and freshman big man Wendell Carter Jr. added 13 points. The victory gave Duke its 26th trip to the Sweet 16, where they'll play either Michigan State or Syracuse in the Midwest Regional semifinals Friday.
Stud of the Day
Projected as a first-round pick in the NBA Draft, it isn't surprising junior guard Mikal Bridges put up a strong performance in Villanova's 81-58 win against Alabama. Despite having a slow first half shooting 0-for-5, Bridges turned it on in the second half. In just over five minutes, Bridges put up 19 points after the break, drawing a standing ovation from the Villanova fans at PPG Paints Arena. Bridges finished the game with 23 points on 5-of-8 shooting from 3-point range and 4 out of 5 from the free-throw line.
Dud of the Day
Alabama sophomore forward Braxton Key was on the court for 29 minutes, but scored only six points for the Crimson Tide. He was 2 of 5 from the field and 1 of 3 from behind the 3-point line. Worse, of his four free-throw attempts, he only made one.
Kentucky's Hamidou Diallo wasn't going to let Buffalo's Wes Clark score on this shot. As Clark went up, Diallo came out of no where with a huge block. The Wildcats went on to defeat the Bulls 95-75.
Florida (21-12) vs. Texas Tech (25-9) 8:40 p.m. ET — There's not much separating No. 3 Texas Tech and No. 6 Florida in the East, as they both finished the regular season in the top 25. Texas Tech tied for second in the Big 12, while Florida finished third in the SEC. Even though the Gators enter with a lower seed, Florida is no stranger to tournament play and has more experience in March. The Gators reached the Elite Eight last season and made it to the championship game four years ago.


1 Hybrid heating systems and smart grid System design and operation market status Project report April 2013 REPORT Danish Gas Technology Centre Dr. Neergaards Vej 5B DK-2970 Hørsholm Tlf Fax
2 Hybrid heating systems and smart grid System design and operation - market status Mikael Näslund Danish Gas Technology Centre Hørsholm 2013
3 Title : Hybrid heating systems and smart grid Report category : Project report Author : Mikael Näslund Date of issue : Copyright : Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s File number : ; H:\737\36 Hybridsystemer\Rapport\Hybridrapport final.docx Project name : Hybridsystemer til gas og el i samspil med smart grid ISBN :
4 DGC-report 1 Table of contents Page Summary Introduction Hybrid system definition Early work and appliances Current hybrid system appliances Products on the market Buderus Daalderop Vaillant Junkers/Bosch Viessmann Glow-worm MHG Carrier Summary of hybrid systems Hybrid model and calculations Calculation parameters Gas boiler operates as peak load capacity control Price controlled operation Energy costs for the hybrid system Conclusions References... 34
5 DGC-report 2 Summary In future smart grids, where gas and electricity grids are interacting, appliances that use both gas and electricity are highly interesting. New gas appliances for space heating fit into the smart-grid concept. These appliances operate on the consumer level and do not directly require active involvement from the inhabitants or changes in their daily energy consumption pattern. The gas-based technologies suitable for smart-grid integration are hybrid systems and micro cogeneration. Hybrid systems have the possibility to switch between gas and electricity for the space heating while micro cogeneration produces both heat and electricity. Both technologies offer the possibility to be externally controlled and used for grid balance and thus maximizing the efficient use of renewable electricity. The gas grid acts as support and back-up for intermittent renewable energy with these gas appliances. This study focuses on hybrid systems consisting of a condensing gas boiler and a small air-to-water heat pump. A market survey of product status 2012 is presented and simulations of hybrid system annual performance in Danish installations are presented. The marketed hybrid systems can be divided into three basic designs: gas boiler and heat pump in separate cabinets, gas boiler and heat pump integrated in a common cabinet and heat pump and control systems that can be added to existing gas boilers. The annual performance calculations show that the gas consumption for an annual space heating demand of 20,000 kwh and 2,000 kwh hot water demand will be reduced to the 5,000-10,000 kwh range including hot water production. The exact number depends on heat pump size, COP and energy costs. The cost for gas and electricity for the consumer is likely to be reduced by up to % with the current Danish energy prices and a reasonably efficient and sized hybrid system. The investment and maintenance costs for the consumer are not known today due to the fact that hybrid systems are only at a market introduction stage.
6 DGC-report 3 The advantages for the gas and electricity utilities lie mainly in the possibility of using the hybrid systems as part of a smart grid where gas and electricity interact. Renewable electricity can be used in the best possible way. The hybrid systems can be switched over to gas operation when for example the wind power output is low and the option is expensive power generation with high CO 2 emissions.
7 DGC-report 4 1 Introduction The Smart Grids European Technology Platform 1 defines a smart grid as A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it generators, consumers and those that do both in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. A graphical representation of EU smart grid projects is shown in Figure 1 2. This report describes a study that deals with a technology that can be characterized either as home application or integrated system. The map clearly shows that investments in smart meters are by far the most common action. The gas grid is also more and more considered as an important part of the smart grid concept, since using the gas grid is the most efficient way of storing energy. Figure 1 Overview EU smart grid projects 1 2
8 DGC-report 5 New gas appliances for heating include gas and solar energy, gas heat pumps, micro cogeneration and hybrid systems. In this study a hybrid system is defined as a gas boiler and an electric heat pump in an integrated operation. Gas and solar energy and gas heat pumps reduce the gas consumption due to the use of renewable energy. Hybrid systems and micro cogeneration can be described as follows regarding gas consumption. Hybrid systems use less gas energy at the consumer site. Renewable energy from the heat source is used in the heat pump. Electricity may also be renewable. In the future also renewable gas such as upgraded biogas may be distributed in the gas grid. Micro cogeneration increases gas consumption at the consumer site. Grid electricity is replaced by on-site generated electricity. The gain is reduced primary energy consumption since the micro cogeneration is assumed to have a better overall fuel utilization than centralized power plants. Early micro cogeneration appliances use either Stirling engines or small internal combustion engines. The electric efficiency ranges from 10 % to 25 %. In the future fuel cells with higher electric efficiency are supposed to be used. Hybrid systems may be a part of the future smart grid concept where the electricity and gas grids are interacting in order to use renewable electricity as efficiently as possible. In this report a hybrid system for single-family houses is investigated. This report deals with small-scale, downstream heating appliances that may be part of the smart-grid concept. These appliances are described as dualfuel appliances in the EU Commission Task Force for Smart Grids . The following appliances are suggested in the EU document as dual-fuel or dualoutput appliances in a smart gas grid: A heat pump providing heat for base load and a condensing gas boiler for peak loads and often hot water production as well Condensing gas boiler with electrically heated storage tank Micro cogeneration
9 DGC-report 6 DGC has worked with all of these topics. This study concerns the first item. Electric heaters as supplement to existing gas boilers have been studied in . In this study an electric 2 kw heater was directly connected to the boiler return line. No storage facility was used. Finally, DGC has a long experience in cogeneration technologies. For example, for third-party testing, certification and field test evaluation in the Danish micro cogeneration program DGC is aiming at developing and demonstrating Danish gas-fired fuel-cell micro cogeneration units for single-family houses 3. The potential interruptible power demand when using hybrid systems can be illustrated as follows. Assume that hybrid systems consisting of an electric heat pump and a condensing boiler become a major replacement in the current Danish gas heating market. In this example we assume 100,000 installations, corresponding to one third of the gas-heated single-family house population. The heat pump in the hybrid system has a compressor input of 1 kw. The COP at the temperatures 7/35 4 is The power demand that can be replaced by gas heating as a function of the outdoor temperature then becomes as shown in Figure 2. The two dotted curves represent the total space heating demand in 100,000 houses with 10,000 and 20,000 kwh annual heating demand. The solid curves show the electricity demand for the heat pumps in the hybrid systems. The temperature where the horizontal electricity curves starts to decrease marks the lowest temperature where the heat pump alone can heat the house. At a lower outdoor temperature the heat pump will operate continuously on full load and the gas boiler will add the extra heat needed. The heat pump operates at part load at higher outdoor temperatures, and the interruptible power demand becomes lower. Please note that the heat pump is assumed to operate even though the outdoor temperature is very low. Some heat pumps are shut down when the outdoor temperature is for example -7 C or lower. New heat pumps can operate without this limitation during the entire year. 3 Dansk Mikrokraftvarme, 4 The temperatures 7/35 are the source temperature (air, soil etc) and the heating system forward temperature.
10 Heating and elec. demand (MW) DGC-report Overall heating demand, 20 MWH/a Interruptible elec. demand, 20 MWh/a Overall heating demand, 10 MWh/a Interruptible elec. demand, 10 MWh/a Ambient temperature ( C) Figure 2 Heating demand and interruptible power potential in Denmark when a population of 100,000 externally controlled hybrid systems are used 1.1 Hybrid system definition The definition of a hybrid heating system including a gas appliance is as follows: It consists of two appliances, one gas fired and one using another energy source, often electricity. The appliances can be separate appliances or integrated in the same package. The two appliances can independently cover the heating demand to a large extent. The appliances operation can be integrated or totally separated. An example of the first option is a heat pump, which can use the energy in the flue gases from the gas boiler. The operation of the two appliances shall be controlled either by internal or external signals. Some manufacturers have other definitions of a hybrid system, For example gas boiler and solar heating.
11 DGC-report Early work and appliances This section presents a few examples of early products and studies of the hybrid principle. The Swedish company IVT Elektro Standard manufactured a hybrid system already in the 1990s. The unit Auto Term 660A consisted of a noncondensing boiler and an electric heat pump. It was designed to integrate the heating and ventilation system. The heat source was the ventilation exhaust air and the flue gases when the boiler was in operation. The heat pump had an output of 2.0 kw and a COP of 2.9. The gas burner had three burner steps: 3.4, 7.2 and 10.6 kw. Heat pump operation was limited to return temperatures below 50 C. Measurements from installed units showed that the energy consumption was split into 40 % gas and 60 % electricity. An evaluation of the hybrid system is reported from the Swedish Gas Centre . At the International Gas Union Research Conference (IGRC) in 2008 Dutch laboratory tests of a hybrid system and micro cogeneration and a heat pump were reported . The principle of hybrid systems including heating and cooling were tested for early evaluation. Hybrid systems and smart grids are discussed in a paper from IGRC2011 . This paper discusses the effect on the electricity grid when a larger number of hybrid systems are in use. It thus deals with the aggregated grid aspects and not the individual appliance performance.
12 DGC-report 9 2 Current hybrid system appliances A number of hybrid systems are offered by manufacturers in Europe. In this chapter these appliances are described based on information from websites, journals and also a questionnaire sent out to manufacturers on the Danish market. 2.1 Products on the market The hybrid systems often consist of a gas boiler and an air-to-water heat pump in separate parts. There are also more integrated solutions and also prepared for other heat sources. The manufacturers often show system layouts, which also include solar energy. Figure 3 shows the main operation of a hybrid system. During times with high outdoor temperature the heat pump capacity is large enough to cover the heating demand. During winter the heating demand is covered by the gas boiler alone. The heat pump and the gas boiler are used simultaneously in an intermediate period. The heating costs using the condensing boiler and the heat pump are marked with red and green curves in the figure. The costs using the condensing boiler can be assumed not to differ significantly between various boiler models. The operation of the heat pump depends on the efficiency/cop and the lowest ambient temperature allowed for operation. The latter can differ heavily, from -5 C to for example -15 C for heat pumps adapted to the low winter temperatures in Scandinavia. The figure shows that in this configuration the heat pump will not be economical to operate when it is colder than -4 C. Several control strategies are implemented in hybrid systems. Some hybrid systems allow the customer to choose between two or more control options. These options include: Heat pump operation until the heating demand exceeds the heat pump s capacity. Ambient temperature may also restrict the heat pump operation. Operation to minimize the heating cost Operation to minimize the CO 2 emissions The two last options require preset values for gas and electricity prices, alternatively the price relation, and the CO 2 emission factors for gas and electricity. The control system calculates the cost or CO 2 emission and chooses
13 DGC-report 10 the appliance to be used in order to minimize the consumer energy cost or the overall CO 2 emission in an optimizing algorithm. These factors are input given by the installer or consumer and are fixed until new factors are given as input. Figure 3 Hybrid system operation (Source: Bosch) Boiler efficiency in a hybrid system will be lower than in a stand-alone installation due to the lower annual load and a higher return temperature if the heat pump heats the return line. The systems described in this chapter have mostly been found in internet searches for gas heating and hybrid. Manufacturers who do not use the expression hybrid for their hybrid systems may have been omitted. The following hybrid systems have an outdoor heat pump part and an indoor part and a boiler, unless otherwise stated Buderus The Buderus hybrid system is named Logatherm WPLSH. The indoor unit has the size mm (height width depth) and weighs 21 kg. The maximum supply temperature is 50 C. It operates in different modes. Hot water is always produced using the gas boiler. At low heating loads and moderate supply temperatures the heat pump alone operates. At low ambient temperatures the gas boiler is the only heat source. Between these operation modes is a range where the heating is split between the appliances, which
14 DGC-report 11 are operating at the same time. An existing boiler installation can be upgraded to a hybrid system if the boilers are the Logamax plus GB145, GB152, GB162, or GB172. Some Buderus boilers are sold in Denmark as Milton (Nefit) Highline. Buderus has used the word hybrid for combinations of gas boilers and solar collectors as well. Figure 4 Buderus Logatherm WPLSH hybrid system installation example Daalderop The Daalderop Cool is a single-unit wall-hung hybrid appliance. It uses both ambient air and ventilation exit air as heat sources. It can also be used for cooling purposes. The heat pump and the condensing boiler output is 3 and 24 kw, respectively. The condensing boiler assists the heat pump for heating during coldest days. The manufacturer states it is compact and easy to install with no buffer or separate storage tanks required. The size is mm (height width depth) and it weighs 110 kg. Figure 5 shows images of the appliance.
15 DGC-report 12 Figure 5 Daalderop Cube hybrid heating appliance design and installation example Vaillant Vaillant presented a hybrid system, geotherm, in March The heat pump has an output of 3 kw and can use ambient air and ventilation exit air as heat source. The heat pump is a single-unit indoor appliance. According to Vaillant the system is suitable both for existing and new houses. Gas boilers from Vaillant can be upgraded to a hybrid system by adding the heat pump. The gas boiler is used for hot water production. The image in Figure 6 shows from left to right the indoor heat pump, the hot water tank and the gas boiler. Figure 6 Vaillant geotherm hybrid heating system
16 DGC-report Junkers/Bosch Junkers presented two hybrid systems, CerapurAero and Supraeco SAS Hybrid, in April Junkers products are marketed under the Bosch name in Denmark. The hybrid systems have different layouts. They are shown in Figure 7. The CerapurAero hybrid system has the heat pump and condensing boiler in a common single cabinet. The size of this cabinet is mm (height width depth). The heat pump can use either ambient air or water as heat source. Heat pump output is approximately 2 kw and COP = 3.5 (7/35). The gas boiler has either 14 or 24 kw nominal output. The manufacturer claims an overall efficiency which is 12 % higher than for the gas boiler alone. The Supraeco SAS hybrid system has the indoor heat pump unit and the gas boiler in separate cabinets. The maximum output is 5.2 kw. Ambient air is used as heat source. The manufacturer states that it is possible to use the installed boiler in the Cerapur product series from 2007 for an upgrade of an existing heating installation to a hybrid system. Three operating strategies are possible: CO 2 reducing operation, Cost reducing operation Gas boiler operation below a preset ambient temperature The indoor unit size of the Supraeca is mm (height width depth).
17 DGC-report 14 CerapurAero indoor unit including heat pump and gas boiler Supraeco SAS indoor heat pump unit Supraeco SAS outdoor heat pump unit Figure 7 Junkers/Bosch hybrid heating systems CerapurAero and Supraeco SAS Viessmann Viessmann has no dedicated heating system or product called a hybrid system. However, the website mentions that a gas boiler and a heat pump can be connected in a common bivalent system. Figure 8 shows a picture from the website describing a system layout where an air-to-water heat pump is connected.
18 DGC-report 15 Figure 8 A hybrid system design consisting of a boiler, a heat pump and a storage tank suggested by Viessmann Glow-worm Glow-worm is a British hybrid system consisting of a condensing gas boiler and an air-to-water heat pump. The appliance is also sold as AWB Genia on the Dutch market. Figure 9 shows the system parts including control boxes and a remote control.
19 DGC-report 16 Figure 9 Glow-worm hybrid system parts The control system can set the operation in at least two modes, either as a capacity control or a price relationship control mode MHG MHG Thermipro is a floor-standing unit prepared also for solar energy use. The unit consists of a heat pump indoor unit, a condensing gas boiler and a 500 l storage tank and heat exchanger for solar energy. The heat pump output capacity is 7.1 kw with a COP = 4.2 (A2/W35) and the gas boiler is modulating in the range kw. The unit has a capacity significantly higher than most of the products presented in this chapter. Figure 10 shows a configuration. The left image shows an outside view of the hybrid unit. The middle image shows the interior parts, condensing gas boiler, heat pump indoor unit and storage tank for solar energy. The graph indicates that
20 DGC-report 17 the heat pump is not operating when the ambient temperature is below the freezing point. The heat pump and solar energy is used above the freezing point, while the gas boiler and solar energy are used below the freezing point. The right-hand graph shows an example of the annual distribution of energy as a function of the ambient temperature. The heat pump and solar energy covers 81 % of the annual heat demand and the gas boiler and solar energy cover 29 % of the annual heat demand. The manufacturer states that the gas consumption is low enough for LPG operation outside the gas grid area. The size is mm (height width depth) and the weight is 512 kg excluding water. Figure 10 MHG Thermipro hybrid system Carrier In the North American market the expression dual-fuel is often used instead of hybrid system. The Carrier Infinity dual-fuel hybrid system is an air-toair heat pump and a gas furnace (warm air) delivered either as an integrated package for outdoor location or as separate parts for indoor and outdoor location. The system provides heating and cooling including humidifying the warm air for space heating. Figure 11 shows the two options with the separate design to the left and the integrated package in the right image.
21 DGC-report 18 Figure 11 Carrier Infinity dual-fuel hybrid systems 2.2 Summary of hybrid systems In Table 1 the main characteristics of hybrid systems are collected. Two products not described above are included in the table to show that the description is not complete. Table 1 Summary of European packaged hybrid systems Manufacturer/Model Heat source Heat pump output, COP Possible to add heat pump to existing boiler? Buderus Logatherm WPLSH Ambient air kw COP = 4.42 A7/W35 Can be combined with several Buderus gas boilers Daalderop Cube/Cool Cube Ambient air 3 kw No Vent exit air COP = 2.9 Brötje/Bosch/Junkers Cerapur Aero Supraeco SAS Ambient air/ water 2 kw, COP = kw, COP = 4.11 Yes (Supraeco) Viessmann Ambient air - Yes Vaillant Ambient air 3 kw Yes Vent exit air Glow-worm Clearly Hybrid Ambient air 4.41 kw - (AWB GeniaHybrid) COP = 3.73 A7/W35 MHG ThermiPro Ambient air (solar energy) 7.2 kw COP = 4.2 A2/W35 No, delivered as a complete package Carrier Infinity Dual Fuel System Ambient air US energy efficiency labels. SEER = 15.0 (heat pump) AFUE >81 % (gas Delivered either as package or heat pump and gas furnace separately
22 DGC-report 19 boiler, HCV) HSPF = 8.0 Techneco Elga Ambient air 5 kw Can be combined with boilers from a number of manufacturers Liechti EcoStar Hybrid ThermiAir Hybrid Ambient air kw Oil boiler Gas and electricity meters are an essential part of the smart-grid concept. To use the full potential of external monitoring and control in order to fit into the smart-grid concept the gas and electricity meters need to be equipped with two-way communication. These options are not necessary for the operation of a hybrid heating system. In the future, smart meters with communication between the heating system and external connections will facilitate operation based on dynamic energy prices and correct billing. Today, only preset fixed values for gas and electricity can be used for price control of the hybrid system operation. The gas and electricity utilities will also get an overview of the electricity demand in real time and the possible interruptible electricity power.
23 DGC-report 20 3 Hybrid model and calculations The annual performance of a hybrid system is modelled and simulated in this chapter. The system consists of an electric air-to-water heat pump and a gas boiler. The calculations can only include internal control systems. The two control systems used are: The heat pump is the primary heat source. The gas boiler is used when the heat pump output is not large enough for the heating demand. The appliance chosen for heating is based on the price difference between natural gas and electricity. The calculations are made using the model (Boilsim) for energy labelling of gas boilers in Denmark. A simplified heat pump model is incorporated in the Boilsim calculations. The Boilsim model is described in . The Coefficient of Performance (COP) for the heat pump is modelled as COP AT out BT sup ply where T source is the source temperature at the evaporator, and T supply is the supply temperature to the heating system. The compressor input is also a calculation input and used together with the COP to calculate the heat pump output in each climate step. The coefficients A and B are fixed and describe the heat pump performance map. An example of a heat pump performance map is shown in Figure 12. The source temperature is equal to the outdoor air temperature, and is input in the climate steps. T supply is calculated in each climate step. The shape of the performance map in Figure 12, and the fact that heat pumps are often characterized by the COP in only 2-3 operating points, show that modelling the COP as a plane is a reasonable simplification.
24 DGC-report 21 Figure 12 Performance map for an air-to-water heat pump  3.1 Calculation parameters Input to the calculation of annual performance and heating costs for hybrid systems are summarized in Table 2. Table 2 Technical parameters Parameters in hybrid system performance calculations Heat pump COP (A7/W35) 3.85, 4.25 and 4.65 Heat pump compressor input Heat pump output (7/35) Operation control Gas boilers Economic parameter Price relation electricity/gas 1.0 and 1.5 kw 3.85 kw, 4.25 kw and 4.65 kw (1.0 kw) 4.81 kw, 5.31 kw and 5.81 kw (1.5 kw) 1. The gas boiler is used for hot water production and peak load 2. The gas boiler is used for hot water production and when the heating cost is lower for the boiler. Two condensing gas boilers with modulating burners, 3 15 kw (boiler 1) and 6 25 kw (boiler 2). Annual efficiency in the Danish energy labelling system: % at 20 MWh annual heating demand and 2,000 kwh hot water demand. 2.7 (only used for capacity controlled operation) in base case. 2.2 and 3.2 in calculations for price relation sensitivity
25 DGC-report 22 The calculation procedure is as follows. The calculations are made in the same manner as the calculations of annual efficiency for the Danish energy labelling system. The Boilsim model is used. The heating season is divided into 13 climate steps, representative of the Danish climate. For each of these climate steps the operation conditions are calculated, i.e. the heat demand and the supply and return temperatures. Calculations are made for an annual heating demand of 10, 20 and 30 MWh. The annual hot water demand is 2,000 kwh. The gas boiler is supposed to cover the entire hot water demand. The heat pump is assumed to be able to operate down to -15 C ambient air temperature. Two operational cases are calculated as: Capacity controlled operation. Heat pump COP is calculated using the ambient air temperature and the heating system supply temperature. The calculated COP and heat pump output is compared to the heat demand. If the heat pump capacity is not enough, the gas boiler adds the remaining heating part. Gas boiler efficiency is calculated for this reduced heat demand. Energy price controlled operation. The heat pump COP and the gas boiler efficiency are calculated for the heating demand. If the relation between the calculated heat pump COP and gas boiler efficiency is less than the price relation between electricity and gas, the gas boiler covers the entire heat demand. The heat pump covers the heat demand if the result is the opposite. If the heat pump output is not sufficient, the gas boiler operates as in the capacity controlled operation. The price relation between electricity and gas is given as a fixed input. The effect of dynamic prices set by the electricity utility cannot be calculated with the method. The 12 heating systems in the base case calculations are described in Table 3.
26 DGC-report 23 Table 3 System layout for hybrid system evaluation System Boiler Heat pump electricity input (kw) (A7/35) Sys 1 1 (3-15 kw) Sys Sys Sys Sys Sys Sys 7 2 (6 25 kw) Sys Sys ,65 Sys Sys Sys The air-to-water heat pump performance map is shown in Figure 13. Actual COP in the calculations are shown in the graphs showing the annual system performance. Figure 13 Performance map of air-to-water heat pump used in calculations of hybrid system annual performance The results are presented as graphs with the annual gas consumption as function of price relation, heat pump performance (COP) and annual heating demand. The energy demand on the x-axis is the space heating demand. In the calculations an annual hot water demand of 2,000 kwh is added. The
27 DGC-report 24 heating system efficiency is expressed as a weighted efficiency with an upper and lower limit. The lower limit is calculated with electricity energy multiplied by a factor 2.5 to get the primary energy consumption. The electricity consumption is treated in the same manner in the current Danish energy labelling system. The upper limit is calculated as if the electricity generation is carbon-free, for example wind power, solar power or hydro power. The box at the upper right corner contains information about the heat pump performance and the electricity input to the compressor. The number at each point of the weighted annual efficiency (green dotted line) is the heat pump seasonal COP calculated as the heat pump output divided by the electricity consumption. An electricity consumption of 100 W is assumed for fans, pumps and heat pump electronics. The heat pump COP is assumed to be constant regardless of the output, i.e. the part-load COP is equal to the fullload COP. It should be noted that the electricity consumption is the sum of electricity to the heat pump compressor and electronics, fans and circulation pumps. The latter part is approximately 500 kwh. Thus the electricity consumption in the graphs cannot be multiplied by the adjacent COP to get the output energy from the heat pump. The gas consumption is composed of gas consumption for hot water production and heating when the heat pump is not covering the entire heating demand. The hot water demand is 2,000 kwh annually in all calculations. For the boilers chosen the hot water efficiency is approximately %. This means that 2,700 kwh gas is consumed for hot water production and is not affected by the heat pump operation. The operating conditions for the gas boiler are different from the situation when a boiler alone covers the heating demand. Firstly, the return temperature increases as the pump operates and, secondly, the boiler load is reduced. As a result the boiler efficiency decreases. For the 20 MWh case the annual efficiency is decreasing to approximately 95 %, which leads to an increase in gas consumption. This is equivalent to kwh annual increase in gas consumption. 3.2 Gas boiler operates as peak load capacity control The graphs in Figure 14 and Figure 15 show from top to bottom systems with the same gas boiler but with heat pumps with increasing COP. The
28 DGC-report 25 result is an increased heat pump output and decreased gas consumption. The graphs in Figure 15 where the compressor input is 50 % higher (1.5 kw) show that this tendency is further enhanced. Figure 14 and Figure 15 show the result for boiler 1 (3-15 kw) and air-towater heat pumps with 1.0 and 1.5 kw compressor input, respectively. The three graphs in each figure show an increasingly higher heat pump COP and follow a vertical line between the performance maps in Figure 13. The graphs show performances for hybrid systems including boiler 1 with a modulating range of 3-15 kw. Boiler 2 with 6-25 kw modulating range shows no significant differences compared to the results shown in Figure 14 and Figure Price controlled operation The results for calculations where the hybrid system operation is controlled by the price relation between electricity and gas are shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17. The current price relation for gas and electricity has been used. In this control strategy the control system will actively move heat production from the heat pump to the gas boiler in order to minimize the customer s heating bill. In a real installation where this option is possible the boiler efficiency and the heat pump COP are in some way compared. No applicable algorithms have been found. If the capacity control results are compared to the corresponding price controlled results we observe slightly lower electricity consumption when a price controlled operation is used. This is more visible for the lower annual heating demands where the heat loads are lower.
29 DGC-report 26 Figure 14 Annual performance for hybrid system - Boiler 1 and 1 kw compressor input. Capacity controlled operation.
30 DGC-report 27 Figure 15 Annual performance for hybrid system - Boiler 1 and 1.5 kw compressor input. Capacity controlled operation.
31 Gas and electricity consumption (kwh) Annual efficiency (%) Gas and electricity consumption (kwh) Annual efficiency (%) Gas and electricity consumption (kwh) Annual efficiency (%) DGC-report Price control - Energy consumption and annual efficiency. El/gas price = 2,7 Gas consumption Electricity consumption Weighted annual efficiency Annual efficiency, green elec COP A7/W35 3,85 A0/W55 2,55 P comp ,40 3,44 3, Annual space heating demand (MWh) + 2 MWh hot water Price control - Energy consumption and annual efficiency. El/gas price = 2,7 Gas consumption Electricity consumption Weighted annual efficiency Annual efficiency, green elec COP A7/W35 4,25 A0/W55 2,95 P comp ,55 3,63 3, Annual space heating demand (MWh) + 2 MWh hot water Price control - Energy consumption and annual efficiency. El/gas price = 2,7 Gas consumption Electricity consumption Weighted annual efficiency Annual efficiency, green elec COP A7/W35 4,65 A0/W55 3,35 P comp ,84 3,94 4, Annual space heating demand (MWh) + 2 MWh hot water Figure 16 Annual performance for hybrid systems - Boiler 1 and 1 kw compressor input. Price controlled operation.
32 Gas and electricity consumption (kwh) Annual efficiency (%) Gas and electricity consumption (kwh) Annual efficiency (%) Gas and electricity consumption (kwh) Annual efficiency (%) DGC-report Price control - Energy consumption and annual efficiency. El/gas price = 2,7 Gas consumption Electricity consumption Weighted annual efficiency Annual efficiency, green elec COP A7/W35 3,85 A0/W55 2,55 P comp ,27 3,40 3, Annual space heating demand (MWh) + 2 MWh hot water Price control - Energy consumption and annual efficiency. El/gas price = 2,7 Gas consumption Electricity consumption Weighted annual efficiency Annual efficiency, green elec COP A7/W35 4,25 A0/W55 2,95 P comp ,55 3,57 3, Annual space heating demand (MWh) + 2 MWh hot water Price control - Energy consumption and annual efficiency. El/gas price = 2,7 Gas consumption Electricity consumption Weighted annual efficiency Annual efficiency, green elec COP A7/W35 4,65 A0/W55 3,35 P comp ,86 3, , Annual space heating demand (MWh) + 2 MWh hot water Figure 17 Annual performance for hybrid systems - Boiler 1 and 1.5 kw compressor input. Price controlled operation.
33 DGC-report Energy costs for the hybrid system The annual heating costs for hybrid systems are illustrated in two graphs in Figure 18. The upper graph shows the costs for capacity controlled systems and the lower graph shows the results for price controlled systems. The solid blue graph at the far right shows the heating cost for a gas boiler alone. Danish energy prices have been used. The gas price is 8.12 DKK/m 3 and the electricity price used is 2.04 DKK/kWh. The graphs clearly show that the heating cost can both lower and higher than the heating cost for a condensing boiler alone. Price controlled operation shows slightly lower heating cost where the gas cost has a larger share of the overall cost than in capacity controlled operation mode. Figure 18 Heating cost for hybrid systems installed in a house with 20,000 kwh annual heat demand and 2,000 kwh hot water demand
34 DGC-report 31 The influence of the price relation (e/g) between electricity and natural gas is illustrated in Figure 19. Heating with a gas boiler only has the heating cost equal to 1.0. Systems 4 6 are selected for this calculation, i.e. boiler 1, 1.5 kw compressor input and heat pump COP = 3.85, 4.25 and Figure 19 Influence of the price relation (e/g) between electricity and natural gas on the relative heating cost using hybrid systems compared to a condensing gas boiler alone The calculations show that the lowest heating cost for the consumer is obtained when the electricity price is favourable and thus maximizing the operation with the most efficient heat generator, the heat pump. A possible reduction of up to 30 % of the heating cost is possible with the input data used. However, current Danish gas and electricity prices rather indicate a possible reduction of % for the consumer. Only the cost for gas and electricity is reasonably known today. Due to the early market stage the investment and maintenance costs are not known well enough to make an overall economic evaluation for the consumer. This ought to be assessed in further studies and field tests. The advantages for the gas and electricity utilities lie mainly in the possibility of using the hybrid systems as part of a smart grid where gas and electricity interact. Renewable electricity can be used in the best possible way. The hybrid systems can be switched over to gas operation when for example the wind power output is low and the option is expensive power generation with high CO 2 emissions.
35 DGC-report 32 4 Conclusions Hybrid systems have recently been introduced on the market. An electric heat pump covers the base load while a gas boiler covers peak heating load and the hot water production. These heating systems are offered either as integrated units, separate heat pump and boiler or as add-on heat pump to existing gas boilers. The hybrid system operation may be controlled according to several principles. Most common is a capacity controlled operation where the gas boiler is used for heating only when the heat pump output is not large enough for the heating demand. In a price controlled operation the lowest heating cost determines heat pump or boiler operation. The heat pump COP is checked against the boiler efficiency and the relationship between electricity and gas price. In a similar way the lowest CO 2 emission can control the operation. In the future, an external control by gas or electricity utilities as part of a smart-grid concept will be possible in order to adapt the operation to the availability of renewable electricity. In this report hybrid systems are described and the operation is simulated. These simulations show the annual gas and electricity consumption for capacity and price controlled operation as a function of heat pump COP, size and the price relationship between electricity and gas. The heating cost is not automatically reduced when hybrid heating systems are used compared to a condensing boiler only. The heat pump COP and energy prices play an important part in the economic bottom line for the consumer. If the heat pump COP is not high enough and the electricity price is not favourable the heating cost may even increase. These calculations show that the lowest heating cost is obtained when a price control mode is used and the electricity price is favourable, thus maximizing the operation with the most efficient heat generator, the heat pump. The calculations in this study show a possible reduction of up to 30 % of the heating cost. However, current Danish gas and electricity prices rather indicate a possible reduction of % for the consumer. This ought to be verified by controlled field tests. The investment and maintenance cost for the
36 DGC-report 33 consumer are today not known due to the fact that hybrid systems are only at a market introduction stage. The advantages for the gas and electricity utilities lie mainly in the possibility of using the hybrid systems as part of a smart grid where gas and electricity interact. Renewable electricity can be used in the best possible way. The hybrid systems can be switched over to gas operation when for example the wind power output is low and the option is expensive power generation with high CO 2 emissions.
37 DGC-report 34 References  EU Commission, "Smart Grid Aspects related to Gas," Task Force for Smart Grids. Expert Group 4,  M. Larsen, "Regulerkraft på villakedelområdet. Overskuds-el fra vindmøller til naturgaskedler," Dansk Gasteknisk Center,  J. Hult and J. Jonasson, "Jämförelse mellan konventionell gaspanna och värmepump med inbyggd gaspanna (In Swedish)," Swedish Gas Centre, SGC 113,  J. Lemmens, J. Darmeveil, J. Eerland, S. Hegge, J. Turkstra and J. Westing, "Combination micro-chp - heat pump: proof of principle," in International Gas Union Research Conference IGRC2008, Paris,  C. Vuillecard, "Bottom-up model for local gas and electricity interactions with hybrid technologies," in International Gas Union Research Conference, IGRC2011, Seoul,  T. Afjei and R. Dott, "Heat pump modelling for annual performance, design and new technologies," in 12th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Sydney, November 14-16,  H. Cheung and J. E. Braun, "Performance Characteristics and Mapping for a Variable-Speed Ductless Heat pump," in International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue University,  L. van Gruijthuijsen and M. Näslund, "Description of the calculation method for the Danish labelling of gas boilers. ver 2," Danish Gas Technology Centre, DGC, 2010.
ROTEX gas hybrid heat pump A strong team. The new ROTEX HPU hybrid gas hybrid heat pump always selects the most favourable heating mode automatically. For a long time the general opinion was that a heat
Daikin Altherma hybrid heat pump The natural combination Daikin Altherma hybrid heat pump, the natural combination Why choose Daikin Altherma hybrid heat pump? What the customer wants: more energy efficient
The natural ombination DAIKIN ALTHERMA HYBRID HEAT PUMP 2 A new pportunity in residential heating! There is a growing demand from home owners to replace heating systems, especially replacing of gas boilers,
Hybrid heat pumps saving energy and reducing carbon emissions Bart Aspeslagh Product planning and new technology manager, Daikin Europe NV. firstname.lastname@example.org Stefanie Debaets Design engineer,
Half the cost Half the carbon the world s most efficient micro-chp What is BlueGEN? The most efficient small-scale electricity generator BlueGEN uses natural gas from the grid to generate electricity within
Daikin Altherma hybrid heat pump The natural combination Why choose Daikin? As an industry leader, Daikin combines broad experience, technical innovation and responsive customer service to help you meet
Daikin Altherma Hybrid Heat Pump Smart technology for the best of both worlds NATIONAL HEAT PUMP 19 JUNE 2014 ICC BIRMINGHAM WINNER Forward thinking Now is the time to rethink the way we heat our homes
your comfort. our world. Daikin Altherma Hybrid Heat Pump The natural combination Heating Integrated Solutions Ventilation Air Conditioning Refrigeration About Daikin Forward thinking... Daikin has a worldwide
Gas and renewable energy Robur gas heat pump field test, Limhamn, Sweden Project report June 2013 REPORT Danish Gas Technology Centre Dr. Neergaards Vej 5B DK-2970 Hørsholm Tlf. +45 2016 9600 Fax +45 4516
your comfort. our world. Time to Rethink Heating Daikin Altherma Hybrid heat pump Presented by Stuart Tandy Contents 1. Introducing Daikin 2. The time is right for hybrid 3. Rethink heating 4. How hybrid
your comfort. our world. Daikin Altherma Hybrid Heat Pump Smart heating technology for the best of both worlds Heating Integrated Solutions Ventilation Air Conditioning Refrigeration Forward thinking About
CHP Plant based on a Hybrid Biomass and Solar System of the Next Generation EU project No. ENER/FP7/249800/"SUNSTORE 4" Dipl.-Ing. Alfred Hammerschmid BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH, Austria TEL.: +43 (316)
Geothermal Comfort Systems The Bryant Geothermal Advantage Throughout Bryant's historic 100-year legacy, the company has provided millions of homeowners with the finest comfort systems available. Offering
HVAC Efficiency Definitions Term page EER - 2 SEER - 3 COP - 4 HSPF - 5 IPLV - 6 John Mix May 2006 Carrier Corporation 1 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) The energy efficiency ratio is used to evaluate the
Daikin Altherma Hybrid heat pump systems 99 Environmentally friendly 99 Flexible in use 99 Affordable renewable energy SPACE HEATING 600mm NATURAL GAS SUPPLY DOMESTIC HOT WATER A POWERFUL TOOL TO CONTRIBUTE
The complete ROTEX heat pump product range Create the right atmosphere with renewables. ROTEX air-to-water and ground source heat pumps for new build and modernisation. The inexhaustible heat source on
Is an air source heat pump the right choice for my home? Important information and key things to consider before installing an air source heat pump The basics... This guide can help you make an informed
AVAILABLE 2 ND QUARTER OF 2014 HEAT PUMP & GAS BOILER C O M F O R T A I R Q U A L I T Y E N E R G Y O P T I M I S A T I O N AQUACIAT2 HYBRID Cooling and heating capacities of 45 to 80 kw THE COMPACT DUAL-ENERGY
The natural ombination DAikin Altherma Hybrid heat pump system HEATING & DOMESTIC HOT WATER end user leaflet 2 The future is now 3 and the future is more eco-friendly, energy efficient and cost conscious.
- New technical solutions for energy efficient buildings State of the Art Report New technologies for heat pumps Authors: Heimo Staller, Angelika Tisch, IFZ Oct. 2010 Background Heat pumps are machines
MINI AND MICRO COGENERATION Jan de Wit and Mikael Näslund Danish Gas Technology Centre, (www.dgc.dk) ABSTRACT Combined heat and Power (CHP), or cogeneration, is an efficient and well-proven principle for
Gas: the right choice for heating in Europe The report has been prepared by a taskforce comprising members of Eurogas, Marcogaz and GERG. Avenue de Cortenbergh 172 1000 Brussels Belgium +32 2 894 48 48
HEATING OF DOMESTIC OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOLS INTRODUCTION 1. There are no general EU regulations and standards for outdoor swimming pool heating. Local regulations in the member countries are covering most
Heating & Cooling Efficiency Advantages of Geothermal HVAC Efficiency Keith Swilley Gulf Power Company Why Gulf Power Promotes Energy Efficiency? Customer Satisfaction Education Help Customers Make Smart
An overview of energy efficient products used at reducing energy consumptions in buildings LIGIA MOGA, ATTILA PUSKAS Buildings and Management Department Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Baritiu 25 th
s.doty 10-2014 White Paper #30 Hybrid (Dual Fuel) - Gas Heat and Air Source Heat Pump System Switches Fuels Automatically for Economy. What is an Air-Source Heat Pump? A heat pump is a modified air conditioning
INNOVATIVE SOLUTION OF DOMESTIC HEATING SPLIT TYPE SPLIT DHW INTEGRATED TYPE MONOBLOC TYPE Fujitsu General realizes considerable energy saving operations by the Heat pump heating system using the ambient
New Deluxe Wall Mounted Heat Pump Series EXTERIOS May 2013 New Deluxe Wall Mounted Heat Pump Series Panasonic Adding New Air Conditioner Lineup Setting Another Mile Stone in the US Ductless Split History
EcoDesign & Labelling Directive (ErP) Jeff House November 2015 Baxi Make it Easy 1 What is ErP? ErP is a European Wide Directive designed to: Improve efficiency of heating & hot water products Generate
The natural ombination DAikin Altherma Hybrid heat pump system The future is now The new hybrid system Heat pump solution for gas boiler replacement market Daikin Altherma hybrid combines heat pump technology
Glossary of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Terms Air Change: Unlike re-circulated air, this is the total air required to completely replace the air in a room or building. Air Conditioner: Equipment
Energinet.dk Data note for Energy Plants Individual Heating Plants and Energy Transport - hybrid gas technologies Version Aug 2013 Energinet.dk Data note for Energy Plants Individual Heating Plants and
THE EUROPEAN GREEN BUILDING PROGRAMME Technical Module on Combined Heat and Power Contents Foreword...1 1. Introduction...2 2. Inventory of the CHP system...3 3. Assessment of technical energy saving measures...5
Rainwater Harvesting With climate change now a reality rather than a speculated possibility, the demand on water resources has gone up, whilst the amount of water available for supply has gone down. Forth
Summary technical description of the SUNSTORE 4 plant in Marstal The purpose of the SUNSTORE concept implemented in Marstal is to show that district heating can be produced with 100 % RES of which solar
Continuous flow direct water heating for potable hot water An independently produced White Paper for Rinnai UK 2013 www.rinnaiuk.com In the 35 years since direct hot water systems entered the UK commercial
Hybrid system Energy-efficient and environmentally friendly Hybrid solutions Hybrid heating systems utilise several different energy sources for heating and hot water supply during the different seasons
Demonstration projects regarding Gas hybrid and Booster heat pumps IEA Workshop Aarhus 4 May 2015 Svend Pedersen The Governments ambition for the Danish energy future Denmark fossil free in 2050 Heating
RENEWABLES AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMPS The heat is there let s use it! Using free environmental heat from the air with heat pump technology for central heating and domestic hot water 01 2016 STIEBEL ELTRON is
Hot Water South Australia The Offer Hot Water Solutions Offered in - Natural Gas - Electric - LPG Full Product Range in - Traditional Tank - Instantaneous - Heat Pump - Solar Other Services Include - Delivery
www.lgeaircon.com New concept Ecofriendly Highefficiency Heating solution Total heating & Hot water Solution for MULTI V LG Electronics AE Company, Commercial Air Conditioning 2 Yeouidodong, Yeongdeungpogu,
Heat Pump Applications For Rebel Commercial Rooftop Systems Rebel Advantages Rebel Is Much Better Than Competitive Heat Pumps Optional variable volume cooling Excellent energy savings Why install a unit
WORKING DOCUMENT ON Possible requirements for air heating products, cooling products and high temperature process chillers TRANSITIONAL METHODS WORKING DOCUMENT in the framework of the implementation of
Full paper WO5-2_Frederiksen 1 Title: Author: Jean Schweitzer, Karsten V. Frederiksen, Danish Gas Technology Centre and Svend Vinter Pedersen, Emil Jacobsen, Danish Technology Centre. The decision to remove
The efficient heat pump KCP&L has worked hard to build one of the best reliability records in the industry and we want to help you make the most of the energy we provide. That s why we offer information
High-performance steam boiler and hot water boiler plants for industry Information 2/3 HKB leading manufacturer of industrial boiler plants in Europe and Asia Steam boilers with outputs up to 120 t/h and
Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers The world s greenest hotel The new Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers in Copenhagen, has been designed with sustainability in top of mind. The hotel is one of the first hotels
Creating Efficient HVAC Systems Heating and Cooling Fundamentals for Commercial Buildings Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for nearly half of the energy used in a typical
Geothermal Energy Using Water-Source Heat Pumps By VIRSTAR Corporation Geothermal Expertise Since 1978 All information contained herein is the exclusive property of VIRSTAR Corporation, all rights reserved.
Design Guide Retrofitting Options For HVAC Systems In Live Performance Venues Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are major energy consumers in live performance venues. For this reason,
Condensing Boiler Efficiency Date: July 17, 2012 PRES E NT ED BY DO N L E O NA RDI LE O N A RD I I NC. HV AC T RAI N I N G & C ON SU LT IN G Concepts 1 The current state of evolution in boiler design 2
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015 Exploitation Tests of Borehole Heat Exchangers in the Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources in Miekinia Poland Jaroslaw
Unico, Inc. 7401 Alabama Ave. St. Louis, MO 63111 Unico, Inc. manufacturing plant and sub-assembly plant +1 800 527 0896 +1 314 481 9000 www.unicosystem.com Unico, Inc. is the leader in Small Duct High
Optimization of combined heating and cooling in Supermarkets Funder-Kristensen T. 1 ; Fösel G. 2 and Bjerg P. 3 1 Ph.d. Head of Public & Industry Affairs, Danfoss, Nordborg, 6430, Denmark. 2 Dipl.-Ing.
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS ARE RED HOT BUT ARE THEY REALLY GREEN? Richard C. Niess 1 Gilbert & Associates / Apogee Interactive, Inc., Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 Phone & Fax (804) 642 0400 ABSTRACT
From today s systems to the future renewable energy systems Iva Ridjan US-DK summer school AAU Copenhagen 17 August 2015 STRUCTURE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS 8/17/2015 Copenhagen, Denmark 2 Components Demand Heat
EHYHBH05AA EHYHBH08AA EHYHBX08AA English Table of contents Table of contents 1 About this document 2 2 About the system 2 2.1 Components in a typical system layout... 2 3 Operation 3 3.1 Overview: Operation...
ACCELERATING GREEN ENERGY TOWARDS The Danish Energy Agreement of March 2012 The most ambitious energy plan of the world In March 2012 a historic new Energy Agreement was reached in Denmark. The Agreement
ROTEX Gas-Hybrid-Heat Pump Heating market Europe Market potential New built Emitter modernization Building structure Keep emitters Oil replacement Gas replacement 1.000.000,00 700.000,00 800.000,00 5.500.000,00
ELECTRICAL ENERGY REDUCTION IN REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING Ken Landymore, Director of Operations, Smartcool Systems Inc. 1. INTRODUCTION In the coming decades, actions to limit greenhouse gas emissions
Renewable Heat Pumps A guide for the technically minded How do heat pumps work? A heat pump is an environmental energy technology that extracts heat from low temperature sources (air, water, ground), upgrades
is a multi-energy hybrid system that offers the consumer the ability to heat the house, and if necessary produce DHW also affect the environments. The platform, designed to offer innovative solutions for
Training programme on Energy Efficient technologies for climate change mitigation in Southeast Asia Cogeneration Session Agenda: Cogeneration Introduction Types of steam turbine cogeneration system Types
Centauri Condensing Fire Tube Water Boiler 399 to 1000 MBH Pre-mix surface burner with up to a 7-to-1 turndown NOx levels as low a 5 ppm at full rate Operates on 4" gas pressure shown with optional gauges
Hot Water Heating: Technologies and Use Skip Hayden Integrated Energy Systems CanmetENERGY Better Buildings by Design 2010 Burlington Vermont February 2010 Natural Resources Canada Ressources naturelles
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT December 2014 Technical Series 14-102 Performance Assessment of a Cold-Climate Air Source Heat Pump INTRODUCTION Most Canadians are familiar with air source heat pump technology in the
Multi-Fin flue technology Flue damper saves energy Electronic controls HEAVY DUTY STORAGE GAS Dependability The Rheem heavy duty gas range is the work horse of the industry having proved itself over many
Residential heat pumps in the future Danish Stefan Petrović, Kenneth Karlsson Systems Analysis division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Wind power Elements of future
Top Technology for Industry, Agriculture, Business and Communities CHP The Technology with a Potential for Saving Energy Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is a highly efficient technology for the conversion
Compression heat pumps In touch with heat pumps for industry and commerce engineering for a better world GEA Refrigeration Technologies In industry and commerce, the requirements for heating and process
Precision Cooling for Business-Critical Continuity Liebert Hiross HPW The High Performance Wallmount Cooling Solutions for Telecom Mobile Remote Access Nodes We re Emerson Network Power, backed by Emerson,
Information Guide Domestic Air Source Heat Pumps Issue 41 Domestic Air Source Heat Pumps This is an independent guide produced by Mitsubishi Electric to enhance the knowledge of its customers and provide
Setting the Scene Fuelling the Future, Heat Pumps and more Ireland s Import Dependence in 2013 was 89% Energy Flow Thermal Uses 2013 Oil is the dominant fuel accounting for 44% of fuel inputs Renewable
HOMEOWNER STANDALONE Homeowner Information SEPTEMBER 2011 Ecodan Air Source Heat Pump and Flow Temperature Controller 2 Ecodan Air Source Heat Pump Model Number PUHZ-W50VHA(2)-BS PUHZ-W85VHA(2)-BS PUHZ-HW140VHA(2)-BS
Heat pumps: better by nature For office buildings, hospitals, swimming pools, Heat, more than 80% of our energy consumption The burning of fossil fuels to meet our energy demand is resulting in the emission
The new Ecodesign regulation for heaters: what does it mean for heat pumps? Michel Roffe-Vidal AIRWELL citat: there are persistent sales of lowefficiency heaters, because end-user base their purchase decision
COMFORT ALL YEAR ROUND HEATING AND COOLING SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR HOME 1 2 Are you building or renovating your home? Are you interested in equipping your home with a heating system with a longer service life


text:
MNSure HELP I
Pay My Bill I
I Request an Appointment
Help & Counseling Services
Adult Rehabilitative Mental Health (ARMHS)
Housing Stabilization Services
Online Bill Pay is Coming Soon!
FILE NOT FOUND!
Seems like you opened some wrong link. Please use top or bottom navigation to access the page you required.

domain: psychology


text:
Before Indian writer Amandeep Sandhu came to Solitude last December, he had already covered a distance of 6,600 km by living in six different cities – Rourkela, Dehradun, Kapurthala, Hyderabad, Bangalore, New Delhi – all located in India, which is with its 3,3 million square kilometers about nine times bigger than Germany.
»In India you often change cities for reasons like marriage, work, education, and religion. But for a big country like India, it’s comparable with moving from Stuttgart to Paris to Lisbon to Krakow; the language, the culture, the religion is completely different. Nevertheless, if you don’t leave the country, it’s usually not considered as migration, but the social conflicts are the same.« Migration is a big issue in India as is the memory of the Partition. These are the topics of Aman’s new novel The Memory Maker – his third – which he worked on during his eight month fellowship at Solitude.
His own memories and experiences are the stuff of his first two novels Sepia Leaves (2008) and Roll of Honour (2012). Despite his personal approach, the books are purely realistic, shining a light on social issues in India that are usually swept under the carpet: mental illness and the religious conflict of the Sikhs. Both titles were published by Rupa & Co, the biggest publishing house in India, and were acclaimed as important testimonials of Indian society. »The English word – witness – is too flat, too tied in to eye-witness. The word which defines my work and approach to writing is the German word, which I learnt after coming here, Zeitzeuge, witness of time. The starting point for my stories are my own experiences.«
Aman was born in 1973 in Rourkela, the major steel town in East India which was built up in the 1950s with the expertise of Germany’s biggest industrial companies, such as AEG, Brown, Krupp, and Siemens, to stimulate India’s economics. »The idea was to build up a new modern society. People from all over the country, including my father, came to Rourkela to work and to make steel. Indigenous tribes were forced to move out and to become laborers. The city is a cauldron of languages, religions, cultures, ethnicities, but also of ethnic and communal violence.«
»Unhappy and short« when he comes to describe his childhood. Aman was four years old when his mother was diagnosed with schizophrenia. He was six when his father decided to send him to a military boarding school in Punjabi – to protect him from his mother – and he was ten when the Indian military systematically attacked the Golden Temple and murdered Sikhs for fear of the Khalistan movement, which intended to create a separate country in the Punjab region, the traditional homeland of the Sikhs. During the genocide of the Sikhs after Indira Gandhi’s assassination in 1984, for three weeks he didn’t know if his parents were still alive. They survived. »My father taught me to believe that I will always find friends. He also taught me to be ready to help others, and to ask for others’ help when I need it.« Aman had another enduring stability – stories. First Batman, Phantom, Chacha Chaudhary, later Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, or Oscar Wilde.
But it was a long way to write down his own stories. »For years, my paper sheets remained blank, I wasn’t able to write a single sentence.« Aman intended to study medicine, but »doctors were people who I hated the most because they took my mother away from me. She was brilliant and fanciful in her own way, and my hero. She became dull and listless because of the medicine the doctors gave her.« Aman left the medical exam midway although he knew all answers. He wanted nothing but to read, live in stories, and try to write. Despite the social rules and his family’s advice, he studied English literature. At the best possible address in India – the University of Hyderabad – Aman learned about all kinds of »isms« of human society – Marxism, Structuralism, Poststructuralism, Feminism – and read literature from the Victorian time to ours. »The world is full of ideas and stories, but I realized through these »isms« that the world of literature is also a minefield. « He reached a peak of disillusionment when he read the highly esteemed W. H. Auden say »poetry makes nothing happen.«
»I started to write Sepia Leaves when in 2000 my parents decided to live with me in Bangalore and to pass away under my care. I wrote it, because I had a huge baggage and writing was a way to understand my parents and myself.« The story tells about a family dealing with schizophrenia in the context of Rourkela and the Emergency in India in the 1970s. The story – written in two perspectives: the experiencing young boy and the reflective adult – reveals the responsibility which carries the caring family in this triangle of the sick person, the doctor, and the care giver. Although critical towards the medical system, the book became a cult classic in the field of psychology. It was first reviewed by one of the biggest English Indian newspapers The Hindu as one of the most important texts on mental illness in India, and later by the Indian Journal of Psychiatry. It reached the WHO and public policy deliberations. »The biggest acknowledgment is the hundreds of personal messages from readers whom I gave a voice. One came last night, more than seven years after the book was published.«
His second novel Roll of Honour was also highly acclaimed by Indian critics and on the shortlist for the renowned The Hindu Prize 2013. By means of two alternating timelines, the story depicts the daily life and dilemma of a young boy in a military school in the days of the Khalistan movement, and the aftermath of Operation Blue Star. »I’m not interested in polemics, or in flat black and white descriptions. The issue of the book is how we all failed, to name the conflicts, and finally to give hope.«
Despite his recognition in India and his huge group of followers, Aman can’t earn a living as a writer. He used to work as a farmhand, garment seller, shop assistant, teacher, technical writer and journalist for The Economic Times. But before coming to Solitude, he stepped out to work in the social work sector. »With a right-wing government, the open and critical newspapers are shrinking. I feel I can achieve more by working with ordinary people, but I will have to find a way of making a living.«
Since December 2014, Aman has been a fellow at Solitude, which means he doesn’t have to write at night anymore. »I have so much time for my projects, that I feel deeply grateful.« Every morning from six a.m., Aman sits down at his desk placed at the window and composes about a thousand words or more by hand or on his computer, only taking breaks for lunch, for tea, or for a nap. He was able finish his third novel The Memory Maker – which is currently in the »cold room« for an undefined time – more quickly than the other books. »In some months or years, I will read it again. If I feel the story holds and I can’t improve it anymore, the book can be published.« In the last few months of his fellowship, he has started to work on a fourth book. »It’s not a novel, but a non-fiction book on Punjab, the so-called »bread basket« of India. The region which once had five rivers but has been partitioned, is now drying out. I want to document the economic and social catastrophe in the region.« Again, Aman will listen to the stories of people who have no voice. – He remains an important witness of India’s society.

domain: literature


text:
Freedom of Choice in Steinbeck's East of Eden Essay
457 Words2 Pages
Our circumstances do not determine our lives. Instead, our lives are determined by our choices. That is not to say that our lives are not impacted by the country in which we were born, the family which we were born to, or the tragedies which touched our lives. We are given a choice of how we respond to those things, and the power of choice means that the lessons and value of our lives is not determined by outside influences, but instead it is determined by our reaction to those influences. In the novel, East of Eden by John Steinbeck theorizes that all individuals have the freedom to make choices in order to triumph over evil. Steinbeck demonstrates this by his use of the word timshel, the word, which translates to “thou mayest,” is…show more content…
Adam was clearly an Abel, good to the core. In contrast, Charles, his jealous brother, was a Cain figure. Adam’s set of twins took on characteristics of good and evil also. Aron, the fair-haired child, was considered the good son throughout most of the novel. He was his father’s favorite and Abra’s true love. The dark Cal, on the other hand, was jealous and mean. He believed throughout most of the novel that he was incapable of goodness and was condemned to the wickedness of his mother. Ironically, by the end of the novel, Cal became a good son and received his father’s blessings. Through the teachings of Lee, the family servant, Cal had learned that he had the freedom to choose goodness over evil. Cathy, the twin’s mother, insists that there is only evil in the world, and immersed herself into taking advantage of other people’s flaws and weaknesses. Cathy also had that freedom of choice, but she always made the wrong decision and remained the totally evil character throughout the novel. People are better off believing that their lives are filled with choices. They do not get the luxury of blaming their circumstances on external factors. We all decide how we respond to life's challenges, and there are excellent examples of people all around us who have found ways to overcome the most difficult troubles of birth and life. At the end of the day, we all choose. This is a principle that should be reinforced
And last but definitely not least, we've got Cain-Abel action bursting the seams of this book. All of the other allegories revolve around this allegory. Why, you ask? As Samuel puts it,
"Two stories have haunted us and followed us from our beginning," Samuel said. "We carry them along with us like invisible tails—the story of original sin and the story of Cain and Abel." (22.4.15)
The tale of Cain and Abel isn't just about Cain and Abel: it's about people in general. Think of the Cain and Abel story as something that all of humanity has inherited: the curse of being jealous. Lee explains it this way:
"The greatest terror a child can have is that he is not loved, and rejection is the hell he fears. I think everyone in the world to a large or small extent has felt rejection. And with rejection comes anger, and with anger some kind of crime in revenge for the rejection and with the crime guilt—and there is the story of mankind." (22.4.64)
Yoda says pretty much the same exact thing in The Phantom Menace. It boils down to this: when we act out in hate or anger, it's usually out of some sort of fear. In this case, it's the fear of not being loved. Lee's explanation is actually a great explanation of literature in general: stories last because they continue to resonate with us, and who doesn't resonate with the fear of rejection?
But here's where it gets kind of tricky. Above we said that the whole Cain-Abel-jealousy thing is something that all of humanity inherited. Adam seems to subscribe to this idea when he says,
"What chance did we have? We are the children of our father. It means we aren't the first. It's an excuse, and there aren't enough excuses in the world." (22.4.40)
In other words, jealousy that may or may not lead to brother-murder is inevitable. Our parents felt it, their parents felt it, and everybody is going to keep on feeling it because that's what humans do.
But Lee is having none of this idea. For him, it all rests on the translation of timshel:
"But the Hebrew word, the word timshel—'Thou mayest'—that gives a choice. It might be the most important word in the world. That says the way is open. That throws it right back on a man. For if 'Thou mayest'—it is also true that 'Thou mayest not.'" (24.2.73)
So the anger and violence that comes from jealousy actually isn't inevitable at all. In the Bible, God doesn't ordain that Cain will be rejected and act out; he says that Cain has the option about how he will behave, and Cain chooses to murder his brother.
So let's apply this first to Charles and Adam, and then to Cal and Aron (also, you can take a look at Charles's and Cal's discussions in the "Characters" section to get more of the Cain angle). On the night Charles beats up Adam, he clearly has the intention of killing him with an axe. It comes to pass that he doesn't, and he doesn't even remember the event later, though he afterwards writes to Adam that "there's something not finished" (4.2.12). So then the action gets transferred on to the next generation; in other words, whether or not Cain kills Abel is going to rest on Cal and Aron.
Much later on, when Cal is still reeling from Adam's rejection of the money, Lee says to him, "You have a choice" (49.3.76). He means that whether or not Cal decides to do the mean thing rests with Cal and Cal alone—i.e. he can't blame it on Kate's genes or some inherent meanness in him. So even though Cal eventually does destroy his brother, the whole idea here is that we are trying to escape the vicious Cain-Abel cycle by acknowledging that, hey, it is a choice after all.


text:
I think one of many challanges that faces professional photographers these days is that stills, are often not enough. Part of the reason to me is that it is so easy now through iPhones and such like to record video of a high resolution if not technique, and clients also like to see a video, particularly in the wedding industry and this has led to many photographers branching out. Video on DSLR cameras was almost revolutionized by the iconic Canon 5d II which after a few firmware updates offe…
Valencia 2019, album created on March 24, 2019
This album is from a trip in March to the beautiful city of Valencia in Spain. Photos are from the futuristic Science Park as well as the much contrasting Old Town. All photos taken with the Lumix G9.
Chicago 2018, album created on November 11, 2018
This is a follow up trip to Chicago which is turning into my favourite city.
Provence 2018, album created on July 8, 2018
A short trip to the Provence area in Southern France during the lavender season.
August 4, 2013One thing I have found to be an issue with DSLRs is their size and weight, which seems to get worse as you progress through your photography career and you step up the lens ladder. This led to so many occasions when I simply did not have a camera with me when I needed one, that I began to look at other alternatives. Although many high quality compacts have good image quality and ISO performance these days, what they tend to lack is an optical viewfinder which to me is essential. A couple of…

domain: artistic


text:
Answers from Our Experts (1)
As the largest ski mountain in North America, Vail offers every kind of terrain for every ability, but its signature attraction is the Back Bowls, seven huge, mostly treeless and powder filed bowls offering an endless variety of lines. Some of these bowls are bigger than other whole destination ski areas. Blue Sky Basin, is divided into two bowls, Pete’s and Earl’s. Pete’s has the best intermediate skiing of any of the bowls on one face and short but challenging expert runs on the other. Earl’s is much les visited, which is why its black diamond Champagne Glade run is one of the best kept secrets on the mountain, holding its powder a long time with great skiing in and out of the trees. Most of the trails in the other major bowls, Sun Up, Sun Down, China and Siberia are single black diamonds, but experts seeking more snow and fewer other skiers should keep heading out to farthest Siberia, especially its two far mini-bowls, Inner and Outer Mongolia. On the front side of the mountain, the best learning area is off the Sourdough Express chair; the best beginner area is off the Eagle Bahn Gondola; and the best intermediate skiing is off the Mountain Top Express, Eagle’s Nest, and Game Creek Express lifts. The best expert skiing is in Game Creek Bowl, and many visitors don’t realize that there are slew of ultra-challenging double blacks right off the Vail Village gondola, very easily accessed from town.

domain: geography


text:
3 killed in Dhaka road crash – The Daily Star
3 killed in Dhaka road crash The Daily Star
Three people are killed when a bus and a CNG-run auto-rickshaw collided head-on in Shyampur area of Dhaka this evening.
Some local news is curated - Original might have been posted at a different date/ time! Click the source link for details.

domain: news


text:
The global trade industry is constantly evolving, and there are several current trends that are shaping the way businesses operate. One trend is the increasing use of digital technologies in trade, including e-commerce platforms, blockchain, and digital payment systems. Another trend is the growing focus on sustainability and ethical trade practices, as consumers and businesses become more aware of their impact on the environment and society.
In addition, there has been a rise in protectionist policies and trade tensions between countries, leading to uncertainty and volatility in the global trade landscape. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on global trade, disrupting supply chains and causing a slowdown in trade activity.
Amidst these trends and challenges, trade credit insurance can provide valuable protection for businesses engaged in global trade. Trade credit insurance can help mitigate the financial risk of non-payment by customers, which is especially important in uncertain and volatile times. By providing coverage for both domestic and international transactions, trade credit insurance can enable businesses to expand their global trade activities with greater confidence.
In addition, trade credit insurance can help businesses to navigate the complex and rapidly changing global trade landscape. Insurance providers have access to extensive data and insights on global trade trends and risks, which can be used to help businesses make informed decisions about their trade activities. By leveraging the expertise of insurance providers, businesses can better understand the risks and opportunities in the global trade market.
Overall, as global trade continues to evolve and face new challenges, trade credit insurance can be a valuable tool for businesses looking to protect themselves from financial losses and navigate the complex global trade landscape. With the right insurance coverage and support, businesses can continue to grow and succeed in the global trade market. If your organization is interested in inquiring about trade credit insurance, contact us at: firstname.lastname@example.org.

domain: finance


text:
The SecuCare brand is focusing on the safety of people around their homes. A totally new product line is being marketed and the safety bars and handles are an innovative new addition. Roy Gilsing designed and developed a complete wall mounted system for the physically impaired or elderly people.
The system consists of matt, anodized aluminium bars, fiber reinforced thermoplastic wall brackets, matt white covers, corner connections, etc.
The system is fully compliant with European legal standards.
Safety handle system
Concept, design, 3D CAD, engineering

domain: design


text:
Homemade smoothies are hard to beat when it comes to convenience and nutrition. Not only are they an easy way to stay hydrated, they can also deliver a hefty dose of important vitamins, minerals and nutrients without the added sugar that many store-bought smoothies have. They're also an easy way to help meet your daily requirement for fruits and vegetables. Mixing and matching smoothie ingredients, including milk, fruit, nuts and seeds, is an easy way to tailor smoothies to meet your nutritional needs.
Heart Health Booster
This smoothie pairs ground flaxseed with cranberry juice and blueberries for an exceptionally heart healthy combination. Ground flaxseeds deliver a dose of omega-3 fatty acids, while cranberries and blueberries are packed with disease-fighting compounds called polyphenols that can help keep heart disease at bay. Make sure to use ground flaxseeds since they are easily digested and offer more health benefits than whole flaxseeds.
- 250ml cranberry juice
- 250g fresh or frozen blueberries
- 125ml low-fat yogurt
- 2 tbsp ground flaxseed
Packed with immune-boosting essentials, including over 200mg of vitamin C, this smoothie is a great pick-me-up when you're feeling under the weather. Studies show that vitamin C can help shorten the duration of nasty cold and flu symptoms, such as a runny rose. What's more, research shows that for people who are regularly under physical stress, such as marathon runners, vitamin C can cut the risk of getting a cold by half.
- 175ml unsweetened (or freshly squeezed) orange juice
- 175g sliced strawberries
- 125ml low-fat yogurt
- 1 kiwi, peeled and sliced
- 15ml honey
- 1 tsp grated ginger root
This smoothie has all the essentials needed after hitting the gym, including 19g of protein to help repair muscle tissue and over 1,200mg of potassium, an electrolyte that is important for proper muscle contraction. What's more, it's packed with a whopping 10g of fibre, a third of the recommended daily intake for men. To get the most health benefits, drink this smoothie within 60 minutes of your workout.
- 1 banana
- 375ml low-fat milk
- 125g fresh or frozen raspberries
- 125g sliced almonds
- 15ml maple syrup
Feeling that mid-afternoon energy slump? Forget the chocolate bar or packet of potato crisps, throw together this quick and easy smoothie for a healthy boost of long-lasting energy. Carbohydrates from the fruit, fat from the coconut milk, protein from the milk and fibre from the rolled oats are a perfect energy-boosting combination that will leave you feeling full for hours. This smoothie also makes a great grab-and-go breakfast.
- 175ml low-fat milk
- 125ml coconut milk
- ½ mango, peeled and sliced
- 50g fresh or frozen blueberries
- 50g fresh or frozen raspberries
- 2 tbsp rolled oats

domain: food


Change your thoughts, and you change your world.
- Norman Vincent Peale
New York, Portland, Atlanta, Nashville, Jacksonville, Birmingham, New York, Houston, Dallas, Oklahoma City, Indianapolis, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, New York…..
It’s December, and I feel like I haven’t had a chance to catch my breath all 2011; it’s been that sort of year. When I agreed to work on a book for Guideposts a few years ago I knew the writing would take a lot out of me, particularly writing a book as personal and self-revealing as mine. But nobody really explained the promoting-the-book part. The part where I turn into a ping-pong ball.
Still, going on the road to promote The Promise of Hope: How True Stories of Hope and Inspiration Changed My Life and How They Can Transform Yours has simply been ... inspirational. That’s the only word for it. It has been one of the most rewarding experiences of my life.
Writing is a very solitary activity and sometimes you become so immersed in the work that you tend to forget that you are even writing for an audience. A kind of solipsism sets in; you start to lose sight of the purpose behind the effort (in this case, to help and inspire people). Then a fair amount of time passes between when you complete the manuscript and when the book actually comes out, and by then your brain has kind of moved on.
So when people came up to me at book signings and personal appearances, saying that the amazing, faith-filled people and their inspiring stories in The Promise of Hope had had such an incredible impact on them, even making them want to change their own lives in some way, well, I was totally blown away. I’d almost overlooked the transformative power of a great inspirational story, even though these were the very stories that had changed the course of my life, stories that had touched me in sometimes miraculous ways and challenged me to push my faith to the limits.
What was so immensely moving, however, and unforgettable, were the folks who said that my own personal story woven into the narrative of the book had had the greatest effect on them, that it had inspired them to take steps they never dreamed they would take and gave them comfort and reassurance when they thought there was no more hope. I had almost left my own story out, for fear that it would shock and upset readers. Fortunately there were angels in my life who convinced me otherwise (you know who you are). If there was any doubt left about that, you people who told me that my story meant more to you than I can know mean more to me than you can know.
So I am back here in New York (after a detour to the Middle East), waiting for Christmas to come, for snow to fall and for this awesome year to wind down quietly. I will need time to really understand everything that I’ve experienced. You all have given me a lot to think about, and certainly to be grateful for. I owe all of you who read the book many, many prayers of thanks.
P.S. My friend Angels on Earth editor Colleen Hughes, who is also in charge of our annual collection of inspiring holiday stories, The Joys of Christmas, asked me to write a piece for this year’s edition. She wanted to know what Christmas was like in that time of my life that the book explores. I was happy to oblige. Click here to read my story about another Christmas in New York, one where I was not feeling so sure of the world.
Edward Grinnan is Editor-in-Chief and Vice President of Guideposts Publications. Edward lives in New York City with two blondes—his wife, Julee, and Golden Retriever, Millie, who has been featured in his blog and popular videos. Edward loves cycling, hiking with Millie at his house in the Berkshire Hills and Wolverines that hail from Michigan.
If you need a little boost of inspiration, pick up a copy of Edward's book The Promise of Hope: How True Stories of Hope and Inspiration Saved My Life and How They Can Transform Yours.


RALEIGH, N.C. -- Four NASCAR fans injured in the post-race
collapse of a pedestrian bridge in 2000 cannot seek damages from
Lowe's Motor Speedway, the state's Court of Appeals ruled
The three-judge panel unanimously determined that the lawsuits,
filed in 2004, came too long after the bridge was constructed in
September 1995. State law protects manufacturers from negligence
lawsuits after six years under the premise that a product, such as
a walking bridge, will eventually deteriorate and fail over time.
More than 100 people were injured, some seriously, on May 20,
2000, when an 80-foot section of the walkway fell 25 feet onto a
highway in Concord. Fans were crossing to a nearby parking lot
after a NASCAR all-star race.
Investigators have said the bridge builder, Tindall Corp., used
an improper additive to help the concrete filler at the bridge's
center dry faster. The additive contained calcium chloride, which
corroded the structure's steel cables and led to the collapse.
"While the incident happened at our speedway, we were in no way
responsible," raceway attorney David Allen said. "The only
negligence in this case was Tindall's."
In the only negligence verdict resulting from the collapse,
Tindall had to pay a portion of a $4 million jury award to a
Virginia couple in 2003. Jurors in that case also found that the
racetrack breached a contract with the state Department of
Transportation by not completing appropriate inspections, so the
two sides shared the cost of the award.
Most of the rest of the nearly 50 lawsuits filed against the
speedway have been settled out of court and Allen said he expects
the few remaining lawsuits to conclude by the end of the year.
The lead lawyer representing the fans who took their cases to
the appellate court said they will consider appealing to the state
Supreme Court to win the right to jury trials.
"We are obviously disappointed with the decision," lawyer
Kevin Cartledge said. "It is essentially going to leave my clients
without any recovery for their injuries."


text:
Hello and welcome to my passion! I’ve been designing digital scrapbook products since July 2009 but I have been designing digital art with Photoshop since 1998. I love color and you will find that I like to incorporate brilliant, bold color into many of my designs. I love color because it reflects both on my personality and outlook on life but also because it is a feast for the eyes.
I grew up both wanting to express myself through my art yet also wanting to learn all I could about the world, it’s people and our past. I’ve an equal passion for learning as I do for art and you will often see both incorporated into my designs. In college I started out in Graphic Art but soon changed my major to Anthropology with a minor Geography. I still have a passion for both and as a result of my interests, I love to create themed collections whether it be themed towards travel, people, places, colors, seasons or holidays.
Other interests I have include photography, writing, genealogy, history, archaeology, geography, art journaling, fine art, music, true crime, literature, both fiction and non fiction, cooking, movies, television and antiquing.
I’m 46 years old and I live in Grand Rapids, Michigan with my boyfriend Tyler and our multitude of pets. I also have the Neurological Disorder, Narcolepsy with Cataplexy.
My life is full of struggles and triumphs. It is a life well lived.


You will find large amounts of SMEs for water quality meter. Please determine the needs in locating a maker. Place, production ability, engineering, services, etc., are all variables. Shanghai Boqu Instrument Co., Ltd. is focused on this segment. The exports to overseas markets constitute a big proportion to the overall sales.
With the assistance of our professional laboratory ion meter, BOQU owns the enough capability to produce laboratory ion meter. online silica analyzer series manufactured by Boqu Instrument include multiple types. And the products shown below belong to this type. BOQU water turbidity meter is of flexible design. It can be designed for front or back projection, the more common being front projection systems, which have the image source situated on the same side of the screen as the audience. Adopting photoelectricity coupling and isolation technology, it holds strong resistance to interference. The product greatly helps save labor costs. The need of the operators can be reduced to a minimum or it can be totally eliminated. With an IP65-rating shell, the product is dustproof and suitable for outdoor operation.
Boqu Instrument adhere to ultrasonic level meter and make ultrasonic level meter as its eternal tenet. Check it!


text:
Sunday, happy Sunday. After a smoldering tournament in which Josh’s team played well and won the championship, we came home to relax by the pool when a thunderstorm came upon us. Am I complaining, absolutely not. The much needed rain was welcomed. The storm has cleared, the clouds moving East, and our fun evening with friends can go on. Here are a few photos to recap the day.
Meet Molly. Molly asked me to do her head shots for the Solebury Club where she is a yoga instructor. Of course I jumped at the chance to photograph a beautiful, kind and talented woman. Having models like Molly makes my job so easy, and fun!
I recommend Molly and encourage anyone interested in learning yoga to look her up at The Solebury Club:
Happy Super Bowl Sunday. Football is such a significant part of our lives from August through January. Not only do my boys play the game, but the TV is on without cease throughout the football season. We are Bears’ Fans at heart, but since they lost in the last play off game, the crew here is rooting for the Steelers! At half time it isn’t looking promising, but we won’t give up yet! Enjoy the game, commercials and half-time show!
I love to capture emotions. It is the best part of capturing life – to be able to tell a story through an image. This young man loves lacrosse. In his eyes, lacrosse is second to none. The moments of youth do not last forever, but with images like this, the love of the game at the ripe old age of 11 never has to be forgotten.


text:
Chewing Gum and Black Earth Rising‘s Michaela Coel is back with a “fearless, frank and provocative” new BBC drama about consent, gratification, and modern dating.
Set in London, it will explore “the question of sexual consent in contemporary life and how, in the new landscape of dating and relationships, we make the distinction between liberation and exploitation.”
Here is everything we know so far…
When does Jan 22nd air on TV?
Jan 22nd was commissioned by BBC2 in August 2018. An air date has yet to be confirmed – but we’ll update this page as soon as we know!
What is Jan 22nd about?
Set in the UK capital (“where gratification is only an app away”) the drama explores modern society’s understanding of sex, relationships and dating.
The story centres on Arabella (Coel), whose “raw and personal experience of consent” is the heart of the story.
According to the BBC, “through Arabella we meet a group of fictional friends and colleagues whose sexual adventures frequently collide with a world in which new codes of sexual practice are emerging…”
BBC2 controller Patrick Holland has said that drama “promises fearless, provocative and gripping storytelling exploring one of the defining issues of our times.”
Who is in the cast of Jan 22nd?
So far, the only confirmed casting is Michaela Coel herself – the series creator and lead actress. She will play Arabella.
What else is Michaela Coel known for?
Michaela Coel is known for creating the hit comedy series Chewing Gum, in which she starred as Tracey Gordon.
Recently she starred in Black Earth Rising, a BBC and Netflix co-production on the subject of genocide and the prosecution of international war criminals. It is now available on Netflix.


text:
Create a free account to unlock the full magic and wonder of Newgrounds!
I like that ambience of this song. Cannot describe it. Like it.
really really good but the snare couldve been a bit more punchy :P
you know like in Smooth - Drone :D
omg I love Smooth

domain: hobby


text:
Kofi Kingston puts on a remarkable performance in a gauntlet match to determine the final entrant in the WWE Title Elimination Chamber match, and one of the first entrants in the Women’s Tag Title Elimination Chamber match are determined on a very good episode of SmackDown Live.
Daniel Bryan unveils a new title belt, number one contenders are decided for the tag titles, Becky and Charlotte have words, and the US Title is in double jeopardy on a mostly entertaining episode of SmackDown Live.
Mysterio and Andrade battle in a 2 out of 3 falls match, Mustafa Ali attempts to overcome Samoa Joe, Miz takes on Cesaro, Mandy Rose and Naomi finally fight in the ring, Styles and Bryan come face to face, and Becky, Charlotte, and Asuka have words on a good episode of SmackDown Live.
Rey Mysterio and Andrade deliver the first great SmackDown match of 2019, Miz hosts a birthday party for Shane McMahon, The Man and Asuka use The IIconics to prove a point, Samoa Joe makes a statement at the expense of Mustafa Ali, and Mandy Rose has a dumb plan to break up Jimmy Uso and Naomi.
Becky Lynch, Charlotte Flair, and Carmella compete in a triple threat match to determine who will face Asuka at the Royal Rumble, The Usos battle The Bar to qualify for a future title shot, Mustafa Ali and Rey Mysterio team up to take on Andrade Almas and Samoa Joe, and more on a very entertaining episode of SmackDown Live.
John Cena is confronted by The Man, a fatal five way determines who will get a WWE Title shot a Royal Rumble, and Big E in a diaper highlight a good episode of SmackDown Live.
Rusev challenges Shinsuke Nakamura for the US Title on a good episode of SmackDown Live that also featured Samoa Joe versus Jeff Hardy, Mustafa Ali versus Andrade Almas, and a big eight man tag team match.
The new Daniel Bryan continues to establish himself, Styles faces The Miz, Rose and Deville attempt to make a point against Asuka and Charlotte, Samoa Joe instructs Jeff Hardy on responsible drinking, and New Day, The Usos, and The Bar try to gain some momentum on a good episode of SmackDown Live.
This episode of SmackDown Live was light on wrestling, but it still presented some interesting segments and some fun moments in the ring.
The new Daniel Bryan explains himself, Randy Orton attempts to destroy Rey Mysterio, Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville try to work together against Naomi and Asuka, The Miz wants to team with Shane McMahon, Charlotte makes an example of the IIconics, and New Day and the Bar have a Thanksgiving Feast Fight on a good episode of SmackDown Live.
The final SmackDown Live before Survivor Series certainly was interesting. It finalized some matches for Sunday while feeling like it changed everything.
The RAW side of Survivor Series is decided on a RAW that wasn’t great until the last few minutes of the show.
The men’s and women’s Survivor Series teams are decided on a very entertaining show that also featured New Day vs The Usos, Almas vs Mysterio, Samoa Joe vs Jeff Hardy, and Becky Lynch vs someone we hadn’t yet seen on the SmackDown roster.
WWE Evolution #WWEEvolution Original Air Date: October 28, 2018 Event Date: October 28, 2018 aired live on the WWE Network City: Uniondale, NY Venue: Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum Commentary: Michael Cole, Renee Young, Beth Phoenix Spanish Commentary (ringside): Marcelo Rodriguez, Carlos Cabrera German Commentary (ringside): Calvin Knie, Carsten Schaefer Portuguese Commentary: Marco Alfaro, Roberto Figueroa …
While there was nothing really new on tonight’s SmackDown, it was an okay show.
Samoa Joe almost invades Styles’ home, Aiden English accuses Lana of something, Big E faces Sheamus, The Miz and R-Truth battle for a talk show, and more on an okay episode of SmackDown Live.
Mia Yim and Allysin Kay main event a series of first round matches that also included Kaitlyn vs Kavita Devi, Karen Q vs Xia Li, and Toni Storm vs Jinny!
Maryse returns to the ring to take on Brie Bella, a new number one contender for the SmackDown tag titles is decided, Jeff Hardy attempts to cleanse himself of Shinsuke Nakamura prior to his battle with Randy Orton, and more on a pretty good episode of SmackDown Live.
New Day gets another shot at the tag titles in a No DQ match against the Bludgeon Brothers in a good episode of SmackDown Live containing lots of Summer Slam fallout.
The final SmackDown before Summer Slam promoted all the matches from the blue side, though it didn’t really advance anything in any significant way.

domain: sports