Is EU tilting at windmills?
On April 22nd the Council of Ministers formally adopted a Commission proposal made in December that every young person leaving education or losing a job should have the offer of a job or training within four months. This is in some degree capable of being achieved in the more successful economies of northern Europe but in much of southern Europe looks like an aspiration divorced from the reality of youth unemployment ranging from 38% in Italy and Portugal to nearly 60% in Spain and Greece. The economies of southern Europe are now at or close to external current account balance so they are now longer consuming more than they produce and are, in addition, servicing high levels of foreign debt. But government deficits remain high leaving no extra finance for governments to fulfill the promise that they have made at EU level.
Southern Europe countries can not meet guarantee on their own
The emergency has to be treated as an EU one and its resources put into the struggle to make its commitment more than empty words. The EU budget at 1% of its GDP is small and 40% is still taken up with agriculture where employment can only continue to decline. But the regional fund should be re-directed from physical infrastructure which in southern Europe is mostly now adequate after decades of EU funding to human and enterprise development.
Good work by the European Investment Fund, which specialises in finance for small and medium businesses, and the European Investment Bank, should be supported by increased financial resources.
Ways must be found, by the European Central Bank, the national central banks and the banks themselves, to eliminate the huge difference in the cost of bank finance that is being charged to businesses in Spain and Italy compared with Germany and France. This may require risks being taken by the ECB in increasing its exposure but the risks of its exposure to southern Europe are already high and the risks to inflation of unorthodox policies have to be set against the risk to social and political cohesion and also the ability of the southern European economies to recover and so be in a position to raise the revenue to meet the stability requirements to their government finances.
Newspapers and politicians have insisted that Germany and its partner creditor countries are not prepared to subsidise southern European who retire early and lead leisurely lives. But that should not mean an unwillingness to act against the enforced leisure afflicting so many young people and others at present.
A meeting of minds did take place on May 10th between the new Italian prime minister, Enrico Letta and the president of the European Parliament, the German socialist, Martin Schulz. The latter said he was in complete agreement with with Letta’s statement that “Europe must respond to the greatest problem of today, the rising level of youth unemployment to unsustainable levels”. Specifically Schulz said that the €6bn provided for youth training in the 2014-20 EU budget be brought forward. He added that the problem was too urgent to wait for the result of the German election in September 2013. His proposal could if taken up be a start but would be far from enough to solve the problem but would give an indication of serious intent. Letta has proposed that youth employment measures be seen as an investment in the future and so justify financing like investment outside the normal budgetary rules. That means any measures could only be temporary otherwise they would add permanently to budgetary costs. Moreover Letta’s government has yet to show that it can manage the normal budget successfully replacing the lucrative property tax Imu which it is committed to abolishing with other revenue or spending cuts. But the challenge is not just for the southern member states but the whole EU or at least the whole euro zone.


Comprehensive investigation on energy retrofits in eleven multi-family buildings in Sweden
2014 (English)In: Energy and Buildings, ISSN 0378-7788, E-ISSN 1872-6178, Vol. 84, 704-715 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Rapidly growing energy use in the building sector is considered a serious problem by both the European Union (EU) and Sweden. Reducing energy demand in the building sector is important for Sweden in order to reach national energy goals for reduced energy use and CO2 emissions in the future. This project aims to find energy efficiency potential in multifamily buildings in the Gävleborg region, which is a cold climate region in Sweden. Measurements and simulations have been made on eleven multifamily buildings from the whole region. The results include different energy efficiency measure packages, profitability analysis of individual measures and packages, and primary energy use analysis. The paper also includes CO2 emissions reduction analysis based on different methods. The project shows that the multifamily buildings in the Gävleborg region have good potential to reduce their energy use by more than 50%, which in turn will contribute to 43% primary energy reduction and 48% CO2 emissions reduction.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2014. Vol. 84, 704-715 p.
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111051DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.08.044ISI: 000345182000070OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-111051DiVA: diva2:752840


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Do you need help with navigating a tough time in your life? Mind of Peace Counseling offers licensed therapy services you can trust in Montana. Our licensed therapists specialize in various areas, including grief, trauma, relationships, sexual abuse and substance abuse.
This page highlights our Montana-based therapists and their qualifications. We'll help match you with a qualified therapist that's a good fit.
No matter your age, our friendly and compassionate therapists are available to help. Contact us today if you live in Montana and want to speak with a professional therapist.
Lyndsey Burton MS, LPC was born and raised in Wyoming, where she has moved around that state with her Husband and Children. Lyndsey has always had a love for helping others and animals. She graduated from Walden University in 2013 with her Masters in Mental Health Counseling. Lyndsey has worked primarily in Corrections in both Mental Health and Substance Abuse Counseling; she has also provided services within the community counseling centers. She now has 10 years of counseling experience. Lyndsey enjoys working with all populations. Lyndsey specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). Lyndsey is also trained in providing ASI's (Addiction Severity Index) and ASAM Criteria. Lyndsey is passionate about helping others in need and meeting them where they are and watching her clients grow.
Lyndsey practices in Montana, Florida and Wyoming!
Kamry was born and raised in south Mississippi on a chicken farm/cattle ranch. Through adolescence she spent much of her time rodeoing across the country, but she found herself most at home in Mississippi and she still currently resides there. Kamry is provisionally licensed in Montana, Wyoming, and New Hampshire! She graduated with her Bachelors degree in psychology from the University of Southern Mississippi in 2019 and began working at a community mental health center while she completed her Masters degree in Counseling Psychology from William Carey University in 2021. Since graduating she now has experience working with a wide variety of populations ranging from ages 4 to 75 in group, individual, and family settings; however, most of her experience is with adolescents and young adults.
Kamry really enjoys pulling from multiple theoretical approaches when working with clients in order to create a personalized approach for each client. She has experience working with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. Helping others with mental health concerns has been a dream of hers since high school and she prides herself on meeting clients where they are and guiding them through their struggles with depression, anxiety, PTSD, trauma, relationship issues, family issues, and adjustment issues using a person centered approach. Kamry recognizes the impact that incorporating spirituality and faith based counseling can have on individuals who choose to do so and she welcomes the opportunity to incorporate these aspects into counseling when requested by clients.
She enjoys spending time with her family, friends, and 2 dogs Ellie and Gus.
*Kamry sees clients in Washington, Wyoming, Montana and New Hampshire.
Megan graduated from the University of Idaho with her BS in Psychology, and received her Master's degree in Social Work from Arizona State University. Throughout the years, Megan has lived in various states, gaining experience in residential treatment, community mental health, and virtual therapy. She enjoys the accessibility online therapy offers and believes it can be a powerful tool in meeting clients where they are at.
Megan has experience in treating a wide variety of clients, from children to adults. She is dual-licensed to treat both mental health and substance use disorders. Megan is trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Cognitive Behavior Therapy. She believes there is no one-size-fits-all approach to therapy, however, and often integrates multiple theoretical approaches in her work with clients. She believes the most important component in therapy is the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and client and works to strengthen that relationship at every stage of treatment.
Megan grew up in North Idaho and after living in various states, found herself closer to home in Montana. She enjoys living in such a beautiful state and spends the majority of her free time enjoying the outdoors with her family and two dogs.
*Megan sees clients in Montana, Washington.
Genesis Grey is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker Candidate. Genesis works with children, adults, and families with varied therapeutic needs. Genesis has experience in several different therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), art therapy, and Child-directed play therapy. She works closely with her clients to create individualized plans for treatment.
Genesis graduated from SUNY Binghamton University in New York with a Masters in Social Work in 2022. Genesis has been working with nonprofits in the field of human services for the past 13 years. She was initially called to positions of direct care for youth, adult, and geriatric populations that led her to a career in nonprofit management. Over the past six years, she has transitioned into clinical work and found her niche.
Born in Kalispell, MT, Genesis enjoys archery, yoga, hunting, art, and spending time with her dog and family. She has lived in many areas of North America including Washington, California, Colorado, Texas, New York, and also Mexico, but will always call Montana home.
* Genesis sees clients in Montana and Washington.
Practice Locations: New Hampshire, Montana, and Washington
Lynette R. Belknap-Williams, our CCO was born and raised in Nebraska, growing up on a working cattle ranch in the sandhills. She currently resides in Wheatland, WY with her husband and a menagerie of pets that often join her therapy sessions. Lynette attended Chadron State College for her Masters Degree in Education and Community Counseling graduating with honors. Lynette has worked in nearly every facet of mental health care available in the United States, including correctional settings, acute psychiatric hospitalization, behavioral health group homes, and community counseling centers. Lynette especially enjoys working with adolescents and families, and finds trauma work, addiction and oppositional personalities her specialties. She believes in meeting people where they are and walking with them to achieve their dreams and goals. She utilizes Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT), Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), among others to help people accomplish their therapeutic goals. Lynette is currently developing (IQEE) Identify Question Experience and Engage therapy and doing research on the efficacy of this new approach, which has thus far yielded very promising results!
Lynette practices in Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin. and Wyoming.

domain: health


why are sound waves called mechanical waves?
Mechanichal waves are those waves which require a medium for propogation. Sound needs a medium, solid, liquid or gas for their propogation and can 't to travel without a medium. The velocity of the sound depends upon its mechanical properties. Hence, they are called mechanical waves.


“There are no true friends in politics. We are all sharks circling and waiting for traces of blood to appear in the water.”
The quote is from maverick British MP Alan Clark, whose death in 1999 at the age of 71 resulted in an obituary mix of high praise in many newspapers for his penetrating wit and outrageous condemnation in others for his less than savoury lifestyle.
I make note of the contrasts as I confess to cherry-picking my opening words from Clark’s “political scold” list of words to remember him by (New York Times, obit).
For months, we have watched, heard, and read about great white sharks circling in the U.S. political pools. Sometimes we have been amused, at other times, shocked and dismayed at vicious exchanges designed to destroy a life – and/or family – rather than challenge a point of view.
Once in a while, present company included, we lapse into our friendly, warm and comfortable Canadian way of thinking that it couldn’t happen here; great white sharks are not acceptable in our gentler, more benign, political splashing pools.
By and large, we don’t have any really vicious political predators in our country. But, we do have a few smaller ones prowling the provincial pools – ever vigilant for the first trace of a wounded rival politician and a trace of blood in the water.
It is why we are trooping to the polls on October 24th for an election a year earlier than the one unanimously legislated by the current government to take place in October 2021. Premier John Horgan has insisted that the problems created by the COVID-19 pandemic and what he perceived as wavering Green Party support – that has propped up his minority government – made it essential for him to seek a majority mandate.
To be able to adequately fight the pandemic and the financial crisis it was creating, he needed the guaranteed support of a clear majority in the Legislature on every vote involving expenditures.
The premier had some cause for concern. His old buddy – and government sustaining partner – Andrew Weaver had up and quit his Green Party leadership, with “health factors” mentioned as the cause, but never detailed.
Weaver, sitting as an independent until the Legislature prorogued, discomfited old friends with words of support for Horgan and wisps of criticism for the party he once led so enthusiastically.
The BC Greens quickly elected Sonia Furstenau as their new leader in the hope she would have a year to prove herself before being tested in a general election.
Then Premier Horgan struck, falling back on the political instinct that seems to be part of every ambitious politician’s DNA.
Now we wait to see if he enhanced his reputation with his “it was essential” reasoning – or if the electorate prefers more truthful assessments and informs him we don’t approve of sharks in our electoral pool.


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Supermarkets are seeing a squeeze on spending by the poorest households in Britain as rising utility bills force families to make a hard choice between energy and food.
Asda, Britain’s second biggest supermarket by market share, and Wm Morrison, another of the UK’s top four grocers, say a growing number of their customers are being forced to make trade-offs between buying food for their families and heating their homes on the back of galloping energy bills.
Three quarters of young mothers – and nearly two-thirds of mums – told Asda in its Mumdex survey of 5,500 parents that they cannot afford to turn on their heating for as long as they need to.
“What we are seeing is customers having to make trade-offs,” says Alex Chruszcz, head of insight at Asda. “The hardest hit households are having to make really tough decisions, because the things they have to spend money on, they really can’t control that much. The worst case is you have a family, you have a house that has to be heated, and you have more mouths to feed. For those hard-up families, they are the ones that feel this most.”
High energy bills have shot up the political agenda in recent months amid growing public anger on the back of repeated price hikes from the big six energy companies. David Cameron – bounced into action by Labour’s promise to freeze energy bills for 20 months if it wins the 2015 election – this week promised to “roll back” green levies in his own bid to help bring down bills.

domain: news


Heat networks should be regulated under the remit of an existing or new regulator, an industry alliance has told government.
A regulated approach could derisk investment in new heat networks and ensure consumer protections, according to the Heat Network Task Force.
The report spells out the key challenges for heat networks: Investors do not commit until heat customers are assured, but heat customers will not sign up until there is a viable proposition in front of them. Meanwhile risks of underperformance or stranded assets compound risk, driving up the cost of capital and therefore costs to consumers.
Moreover, consumers do not have the same protections as other regulated energy sectors, such as gas and power networks. If things go wrong, or they are held to ransom over prices, there is little recourse.
The task force, led by the Association for Decentralised Energy (ADE), appears open to an existing regulator taking on heat networks, or a new one being created.
That regulator would oversee a framework hinging around a proposal called ‘Demand Assurance’. This would allow developers to submit heat network plans to a regulator and, if approved, provide regulatory protection for some parts of the investment should heat customers fail to appear on time, or at all.
As a minimum, this protection for investors would cover the cost of capital for demand shortfall, the report suggests.
To receive those financial guarantees, heat networks would have to sign up to a set of minimum standards, including consumer protections around service and price.
Energy and clean growth minister, Claire Perry, welcomed the report’s “clear proposals on how to reduce investment risk and develop a market which provides strong protections for consumers”.
ADE director, Tim Rotheray hoped it would enable government and regulators “to build on current policy support to create a long-term sustainable investment market for heat networks”.
The report sets out how different elements of regulatory regimes might be incorporated into regulated heat networks, such as price controls, unbundling of generation, distribution and supply, customer protection and decarbonisation targets or instruments.
It also outlines the number of heat networks currently operational in the UK (around 17,000), how these may be decarbonised in the future in order to meet climate targets, and how heat networks and associated infrastructure could help balance the energy system.
Download the report here.
The Energyst is surveying readers for views on heat and how to decarbonise it. Please take our five minute survey here.


Football in the Wimmera Football Netball League has been around in its present form since 1937.
Similar to what was previously discussed in the article on the Horsham District Football Netball League, the competition has evolved in some areas and remained similar in others.
While the HDFNL operates in the same region, football in the WFNL has long been seen as the superior competition in terms of skill; this is due to the clubs in the WFNL belonging to higher-populated towns and having greater resources.
The eight current WFNL teams are Minyip-Murtoa, Southern Mallee Giants, Stawell Warriors, Horsham Saints, Dimboola Roos, Horsham Demons, Ararat Rats, Warrack Eagles and Nhill tigers.
The league has lost teams over the journey (like Rupanyup and Horsham United), has seen teams merge to survive (like Minyip and Murtoa) and has added new teams (like the Southern Mallee Giants and Horsham Saints). But all-in-all the towns and teams involved have stayed relatively stable over the years.
Teams being forced to merge is mainly because of dwindling populations. Minyip-Murtoa 300-gamer and current president Scott Arnold, was playing for Murtoa when they merged with Minyip in 1995.
"It's purely based on population," Arnold said.
"I think Minyip and Murtoa probably could have stayed and played in the District League and still had a team, but they wouldn't have been able to compete at Wimmera League level."
While the WFNL standard has always been strong, Arnold admitted that it has dropped from what it was "30 or 40 years ago".
"But that's also population too," he said.
"The game's changed so much, like the style of game."
According to Arnold a strength of the Wimmera League has been the number of talented kids that bigger (population-wise) clubs like Ararat, the Saints and the Demons have coming through their juniors.
Over the years, an enormous amount of past and present AFL players have played their junior football at those clubs, including Adam Goodes, Seb Ross, Jake Lloyd, Darcy Tucker, Jarrod Berry and Tom Williamson.
"That game style of quick ball movement (in the WFNL) and pace on the game, gets driven a lot by that young demographic," he said.
"I think the Wimmera League style is really attractive to watch. There's a lot of pace on the ball, but teams play a style that suits their personnel too."
Horsham Demons have been the dominant team over the years with 26 premierships to their name, which included a ten-peat between 2003-2012. Outside of the Demons, premierships have been shared reasonably evenly, with Ararat laying claim to the next best total of 11.
Since the 2012 season, four clubs have won premierships and five have appeared in grand finals; suggesting that the competition has evened out somewhat since the Demons' dominant period.
"That was really unhealthy for the competition to be honest," Arnold said.
"Full credit to them it's an amazing effort. But In terms of the competition, it was far from ideal. You'd rather see a more even base."
Across the Wimmera and country football leagues in general there are plenty of clubs that sign imports to strengthen their list or fill a gap.
While the Wimmera league is no exception, the teams are based in sizably populated towns, so may not need to import as many players as teams from smaller towns in the HDFNL.
Arnold believes the amount of imports playing in the WFNL now is very similar to back when he played.
"At ours, we promote our locals and occasionally we bring some guys in to compliment our locals. But it's predominantly based on your locals," he said.
"Without commenting on other clubs it's demographic-based. I feel sorry for Nhill where they are geographically, they're in the middle of two capital cities, it's a real challenge."
Similar to its football counterpart, netball in the Wimmera Football Netball League includes the exact same clubs and is seen as a higher standard to the District League.
According to Horsham Demons netball director Emma Hopper, it is the consistent high standard across Wimmera League sides that sets them apart from the District League.
"I think what you get is, there's a couple of standout teams and a couple of really standout players in the district," Hopper said.
"Overall the average of the players across the teams in the Wimmera League are all of a higher standard and you actually get a lot closer competition between the group of teams that are in there, particularly in the higher grades.
"It can be anyone's game on any day which makes the competition really strong."
The Wimmera Netball Association previously ran separately to the Wimmera Football League before they merged in 2020 to become the Wimmera Football Netball League. Pauline Butler was appointed as chairperson of the new entity.
Before, the Wimmera Netball Association worked via a rotation system in which clubs would take turns annually to run the administration.
Hopper believed it had been good to have "some people that are dedicated to being on the ball".
"Things are changing so rapidly there's information coming through everyday at times," she said.
"Just to have someone like Jen (French) at the hub has been brilliant and backing up with Jason and the board. That's been a big job for them, but having a bulk of that stuff done by people that are there working in it everyday has made it a lot easier.
"It would have been tough for volunteers to handle all of that."
Imports? Mainly our juniors that have come up and through that are local and then just happen to sometimes pick up some people that moved to town and maybe a partner of a player that comes to footy. It's certainly become a harder thing to compete because a lot of leagues and clubs are going different ways, which is something noticeable over recent years with coaches and players. Most in our league have stuck to the same way that they've always done it, which is good.
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The social work ASYE: A ‘mini-guide’ to the Assessed and Supported Year in Employment
The Assessed and Supported Year in Employment (ASYE) introduced in September 2012, follows on and takes the best from the two previous newly qualified social worker (NQSW) frameworks introduced in 2008 for children’s services and 2009 for adults’. The new ASYE is one element of the total reform of social work recommended by the Social Work Task Force (SWTF 2009), carried forward to implementation by the Social Work Reform Board (SWRB 2012). It is vital to understand that the ASYE dovetails with other SWRB products and, indeed, without their support and structure (e.g. SWRB 2012a) it will not be able to be implemented effectively. The interaction of the ASYE with other elements of reform will be examined in more detail later. If you are not already fully acquainted with the recommendations and implementation of these social work reforms then the most recent report, Building a safe and confident future: Maintaining Momentum (SWRB 2012), is the place to start.
Skills for Care and the then Children’s Workforce Development Council, who had separately held responsibility for the two NQSW frameworks, were given the task of working together to create a single generic framework for the ASYE. The development of the ASYE progressed in partnership with other organisations holding responsibility for developing and implementing the Social Work Task Force (2009) recommendations, including The College of Social Work (TCSW), universities and employers of social workers.


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The July jobs report is in and it doesn’t look good!
Overall employers shed 131,000 jobs in the month of July, as temporary Census jobs were wound down and state and local governments cut sharply the numbers of workers, including public school teachers, to the tune of 48,000.
Perhaps one bright spot in the private sector jobs numbers for July was the growth of manufacturing employment. Manufacturing employment grew 36,000, the seventh consecutive monthly rise. Jobs also grew in the education and health services sectors, while that in financial services and construction decreased.
The anemic jobs growth nonetheless, continues to imperil the U.S. economy where approximately 250,000 jobs are required monthly to keep pace with population growth, but does not begin to address the more than 18 million that are out work in America.
Other bad signs for the economy say businessinsider.com include:
- The numbers of those unemployed for five weeks or less has jumped again
- Total civilian participation rate in the workforce is still declining
- Total employees measure has totally stagnated, not rebounded
- The number of employees in information services continues to decline

domain: finance


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Sandy Hook Teacher Making A Difference In Wake Of TragedyIt has been nearly a year since the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Connecticut.
W. Va. Senator Joe Manchin: Time To Rethink Gun LegislationSen. Joe Manchin, an avid hunter and lifelong member of the National Rifle Association, says it's time for all sides in the gun policy debate to move beyond the political rhetoric and begin an honest discussion about reasonable restrictions on guns.
First Funerals To Be Held Following Conn. School ShootingA grieving Connecticut town braced itself Monday to bury the first two of the 20 small victims of an elementary school gunman and debated when classes could resume - and where, given the carnage in the building and the children's associations with it.
Newtown Schools To Offer Day Of Activities For StudentsAlthough Newtown schools will remain closed Monday, officials have decided to hold a supervised program for district students.
Newtown Church Evacuated After Threat, Worshipers SayWorshipers hurriedly left a church Sunday in Connecticut, saying they were told there was a bomb threat not far from the elementary school where 20 kids and six adults were massacred.


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What’s next for Tunisia?
and report on the latest developments in Tunisia's revolt.
THE STRUGGLE over the future of Tunisia is continuing in the days following the overthrow of dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali after 23 years of brutal and corrupt rule.
The cabinet for a supposed "unity government" met for the first time on Wednesday, but it was without ministers representing the General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT, by its French initials) and several opposition parties, who resigned over the presence of numerous officials from Ben Ali's old regime in the new government.
While the cabinet met, hundreds of protesters rallied in the capital of Tunis, demanding that members of Ben Ali's Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD) be excluded from the government. The demonstration was smaller than previous days, but represented a continuation of the mass mobilizations that forced Ben Ali to flee late last week. As demonstrator Salem Ben Yahia, a filmmaker and former political prisoner, told the Guardian:
We don't want our revolution hijacked. We forced a dictator out the door, and now he's come back in the window. His old ministers are still in a majority in this transition government, and that has to change. Police have already shot at us and beaten us to stop us protesting, but we come back again like a tide.
The true character of the "unity government" is evident at the very top. The president is Fouad Mebazaa, the former speaker of parliament, and Mohamed Ghannouchi remains prime minister. Both men were members of the RCD. They attempted to distance themselves from Ben Ali by resigning from the party on Tuesday, and Mebazaa promised "a complete break with the past" in his first televised speech as president the next day. But that won't fool protesters.
The announcement of the new government the day before was greeted with anger. In addition to Mebazaa and Ghannouchi, RCD leaders were left in charge of the ministries of interior, defense, foreign affairs and finance. Members of moderate opposition parties and three UGTT officials were given minor posts, such as the ministries of health and regional development. The Tunisian Workers' Communist Party and Islamist parties were excluded.
Demonstrations erupted anew. According to the New York Times, more than 1,000 people marched down the main road of the capital, chanting, "Citizens and martyrs, the government is still the same...We will protest, we will protest, until the government collapses!" Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets, but the demonstrations continued in different parts of the city into the night.
A member of the moderate opposition Progressive Democratic Party (PDP), outraged that PDP leader Ahmed Najib Chebbi had accepted a post in the new government, reportedly told Chebbi: "The people, who bled and died for us and our children, need to decide! How can the murderer [Ghannouchi] be our leader today?"
The three UGTT ministers led the resignations from the government the same day it was announced--and the union federation held a general meeting that decided to withhold recognition of the government, according to reports. As British socialist Richard Seymour commented on his Lenin's Tomb blog:
The significance of this is clear. The political elite, the ruling class it is integrated into, and in all probability a phalanx of EU and U.S. diplomats wanted a constitutional lash-up that would preserve the same basic pyramid of control, with some more inclusive, and slightly more representative, structures...
The ruling class is clearly weak and divided, its institutions of repression unable to keep control. In some cities, the population has been able to effectively take full over. No government that does not include organized labor in some capacity will have any legitimacy.
What happens next will depend on the continued mobilizations by union members, left-wing organizations and others, which pressured the UGTT leaders and opposition figures to leave the government.
Mebazaa and the government will attempt to masquerade as opponents of the old regime. As the cabinet met on Wednesday, 33 members of Ben Ali's family were arrested on suspicion of "crimes against Tunisia," according to local television reports that showed images of gold and jewelry seized in raids. But, of course, RCD members like Mebazaa were collaborators with the Ben Ali kleptocracy until last week.
The struggle will continue to drive out members of Ben Ali's party from the government. Another looming question is that of elections. The new government will have to hold them, but will they take place under the old constitution that cemented the power of Ben Ali's regime?
Rached Ghannouchi, leader of the banned Islamist party Hizb al-Nahda, gave voice to a widely supported sentiment for a new constitution in an interview with the Financial Times:
The [current] constitution was a tyranny. The state was reduced to one man, who had in his hands the executive, judicial and legislative powers and was not accountable to anyone. How can such a constitution point towards building a democratic system, even as a starting point?
The first step of building a democratic system is to build a democratic constitution. For this, we need a founding council for rebuilding the state, one in which political parties, the trade unions and the civil society join. This council will rebuild the democratic constitution and will be the basis for building the democratic system.
RATHER THAN focus on the struggle over the composition of the new government, much of the Western media coverage of Tunisia since Ben Ali's ouster has revolved around sensational reports of "chaos" and "rioting." But the calls from the media and political leaders--as well as from establishment voices in the Arab world--for "stability" don't address who is really behind the continuing violence: loyalists among Ben Ali's paramilitary police.
Over the weekend, after the dictator fled Tunisia for Saudi Arabia, members of Ben Ali's militia committed acts of terrorism against civilians, with snipers seizing government buildings and banks to fire on civilians and even units of the military--sections of which appear to have broken with Ben Ali and the police apparatus that defended his regime.
Rather than be intimidated by this reign of terror, ordinary Tunisians armed themselves with clubs and set up ad-hoc self-defense groups, manning barricades to defend their neighborhoods and round up Ben Ali's thugs. This is a significant development, as bodies of popular defense challenge the state's monopoly on the use of force and provide a glimpse of the ability of masses of people to ensure their safety in the face of state violence.
[T]he full horror of repression over four weeks of demonstrations is beginning to emerge. Human rights groups estimate at least 150-200 deaths since December 17. In random roundups in poor, rural areas, youths were shot in the head and dumped far from home so bodies could not be identified. Police also raped women in their houses in poor neighborhoods in and around Kasserine in the rural interior.
Meanwhile, ordinary Tunisians have targeted businesses owned by members of Ben Ali's family and that of his wife, Leila Trabelsi, who reportedly stole $60 million in gold from the treasury before fleeing the country with her husband.
This comes after years of corruption and looting that enriched a tiny handful of elites connected to Ben Ali and his wife at the expense of the majority of Tunisians. According to Juan Cole on his Informed Comment blog, a U.S. State Department cable revealed by WikiLeaks estimates that "50 percent of Tunisia's economic elite were related in one way or another to [the couple]."
The blame for the violence today lies squarely at the feet of Ben Ali and his family, the paramilitaries, and his former colleagues in the RCD who now lead the "unity government."
To call for "stability" under an interim government headed by a party that oversaw more than two decades of corruption and human rights abuses is to ask the Tunisian people to acquiesce to injustice and surrender the gains they sacrificed so much for.
Furthermore, it would be absurd to trust leaders of Ben Ali's own party to oversee a "transition to democracy" or to investigate the wrongdoing for which their party is responsible--never mind to look out for the interests of the Tunisian people who, until a few days ago, they were openly engaged in repressing.
When Western leaders talk about "stability," they mean the return of conditions that are favorable to Western business interests. For the last two decades, "stability" in Tunisia has meant worsening economic inequality, sharp increases more recently in food prices and unemployment, and a repressive security state that denied ordinary Tunisians any semblance of human, civil or democratic rights.
It was "instability"--caused by the Tunisian people rising up against injustice--that finally toppled the Ben Ali dictatorship.
EVEN MORE worrisome to the U.S. and other Western powers than what is happening inside Tunisia is the threat that the uprising will be contagious--and infect with the spirit of rebellion those living under oppressive Western-backed dictatorships in Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and elsewhere.
The news of Ben Ali's overthrow rocked the Arab world. Millions of Arabs know the same problems that the Tunisian people rose against: rising costs of food and other necessities, high unemployment, endemic poverty and repressive dictatorships. In addition, they live under regimes that support, openly and behind the scenes, not only the U.S. occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan, but Israel's crimes against the Palestinians.
As one Egyptian put it in a Twitter post: "Every Arab leader is watching Tunisia in fear. Every Arab citizen is watching Tunisia in hope and solidarity."
Beyond the region, too, the Tunisian uprising represents a popular reaction against the economic policies of neoliberalism that have immiserated workers and the poor across the world.
One immediate spark for the struggle in Tunisia when it began in mid-December--as for protests in neighboring Algeria and in Jordan--was rising food prices, which are due in no small part to speculation by wealthy commodities traders in the West. As Canadian socialist David McNally put it, "[T]he massive spike in food prices is directly connected to the turmoil in the world economy that has been raging since the outbreak of the financial crisis of 2008."
Similar speculation was at the root of food price increases that sparked rioting in more than two dozen countries in 2008, including Egypt, which saw an extensive trade union struggle develop at the same time.
Meanwhile, in the Global North, workers and students in Europe took to the streets by the millions last year to oppose austerity measures that are the result of the same economic crisis.
Resistance to the effort on the part of capitalists worldwide to impose the costs of the economic crisis on the masses of workers and the poor is what ties the heroic struggle in Tunisia not just to those of people across the Arab world, but to the fight of workers and the poor everywhere.


In order to investigate the heat load of the combustion chamber fed with gaseous oxygen and gaseous methane, a rocket combustion chamber with a single coaxial shear injector is tested. The hot firing tests are conducted with gaseous methane and gaseous oxygen at a mass ratio of oxidizer to fuel of 2.647 and at a pressure of 2MPa. Wall temperatures are measured along the axis of the chamber and the wall heat fluxes are calculated based on inverse heat conduction approach. To better analyze the experimental results, numerical simulations are performed applying the commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent. The eddy dissipation concept model is adopted to model turbulent combustion. Mesh independency studies have been performed prior to any further analyses. The ultimate target is to compare the heat fluxes obtained from simulation with the experimental data. The comparison demonstrates that the simulation approach adopted is capable to predict wall heat fluxes in a rocket combustor with sufficient accuracy and the relative deviation is 17% at maximum heat flux. Hot gas temperature distribution and flow field structures are also investigated for a better understanding of the experimentally determined heat flux profile.


The Michael Rose-Ivey story trickled into Tuesday on the Big Ten teleconference as Nebraska head coach Mike Riley was asked about Rose-Ivey and two teammates deciding to kneel during the national anthem at Northwestern.
Some thoughts from Riley on some Husker and Big Ten topics:
>> Of the Rose-Ivey statement and responses to other questions Monday, Riley said: “I thought he did an awesome job. Mike is a very, very thoughtful person. I think he’s a very aware person. These thoughts obviously didn’t come overnight, nor did the actions that he used on Saturday.”
>> On fan reaction to Rose-Ivey, DaiShon Neal and Mohamed Barry, some of which was negative: “I think that everybody should be reminded that there’s lots of differences in people. I’ve got 140 kids on the football team and they’re all different in their own beautiful way. I think everybody should be reminded that this is America and we have an opportunity and a right to be able to basically say what we feel, and how we’re feeling and why we’re feeling that way. I think Mike did a great job of that, and he should be respected for that.”
>> Riley said NU left tackle Nick Gates “has played really consistently and solidly in our first four ballgames. He’s a good player. He’s a very good, big athlete. He’s still relatively young, and is a hard worker, and I believe he’ll continue to get better.”
>> Riley followed Michigan coach Jim Harbaugh and Wisconsin coach Paul Chryst on the Big Ten call, prior to the Wolverines and Badgers playing Saturday. Riley, Chryst and Harbaugh were all together in San Diego when Riley was the Chargers’ head coach.
“We had fun together,” Riley said. “I really appreciated getting the opportunity to coach on a team that Jim played for, and I loved working with Paul all those years. They’re very special people to me, and those are great memories to me. We did have some fun together.”
>> Asked about NU senior receiver Jordan Westerkamp, Riley said he felt “very fortunate to get to come in here and get to coach Jordan for two years.”
“He’s really a good player, he’s a wonderful young man. He is, I think, a heart-and-soul guy for this team. He’s the same guy every day, loves to play football and loves to be with his team.”
>> Illinois coach Lovie Smith, during his segment, said that he is comfortable with his players speaking out or taking a stand on social issues.
“That’s just a general belief that I’ve always had,” he said. “If there is something that someone feels strongly about, I think as much as anything, we have an environment where they feel comfortable coming forward with it, hopefully to me first and to whoever else needs to be involved after that. We just don’t live in a locker room. Our guys interact with people on the outside, so you need to be able to do that.”
>> Illinois is coming off a bye week as it prepares for Saturday’s game at Nebraska. It will be the first meeting with the Huskers for Smith, the former NFL head coach.
“We’re disappointed in our 1-2 record, but when you get a chance to start Big Ten play, of course, that brings a lot more excitement to what you’re doing,” Smith said. “We have a history that we’re developing with the University of Nebraska from playing them the last few years. Big win for us last year, so our guys do remember that.”
>> Earlier Tuesday morning, Riley put out a brief statement on the Monday death of former NU offensive line coach Milt Tenopir, who visited the Huskers as recently as last Thursday’s practice: "Milt Tenopir was a great man and it was a blessing for our staff to get to know him over the past couple years. He will be truly missed but the impact he left will always be remembered. Milt will forever be a Husker."


text:
A CAREER criminal who admitted burgling 21 homes has been spared jail after he convinced a judge he was a reformed character.
The judge, recorder Robin Belben, told Martin Harris: "A lot of right-thinking people will think: 'What are you doing? He should be going to prison'.
"But if there is one person who has turned their life around and it is worthwhile trying to encourage, then it is you."
Harris, 53, confessed to breaking into homes in and around Plymouth over two years, escaping with valuables including jewellery worth thousands of pounds.
He drove around streets at night trying to see which lights were off so he could target empty homes, police said.
Harris had a long record for burglary with offences going back to 1972, Plymouth Crown Court heard.
But the judge, who admitted he had gone into court with a long jail term in mind, gave him a community order instead of a jail sentence.
Harris, of Brentford Avenue, Whitleigh, admitted a single burglary in Plympton in May.
pleaded guilty to taking jewellery, a vase, a handbag, bank cards and paperwork of an unknown value in a burglary in Revell Park Road.
But he asked for 20 other offences of domestic burglary to be taken into consideration.
Alistair Verheijen, for the Crown Prosecution Service, said Harris was arrested in the early hours of May 24.
He said a neighbour who had heard a noise called the police who saw him dropping a bag of valuables over a wall into a garden.
Mr Verheijen said the owners of the home had at the time been in separate care homes.
He read a statement from the woman's niece, saying the offence was "extremely distressing" for her aunt.
Jo Martin, for Harris, said he had been working with the Hamoaze House and Harbour drug agencies since May.
She added: "His engagement on relapse prevention programmes had been exceptional".
Miss Martin said he was now taking the anticoagulant drug warfarin which would stop him drinking and smoking.
Dc Kevin Giles, who works with prolific offenders, said that the 20 burglaries would not have been solved without the confession from Harris.
He added: "He was under financial pressure and he went back to doing what he had always done."
Dc Giles said outside court Harris had been driving around streets, mostly in villages outside Plymouth, seeing which houses had their lights on at about 9pm or 10pm. He would return later to the dark homes, targeting jewellery in particular.
Recorder Belben admitted his sentence was "exceptional".
He gave him a two-year community order with a six-month electronically-tagged curfew between 7pm and 7am.
The judge said he would not impose a suspended prison sentence, but it would tie the hands of a future court.
But he vowed if Harris was convicted of another offence he would be "locked up for a long time".

domain: law


text:
But that’s not even the most revealing part.
In this, the racy men’s magazine, Swift turns the conversation to feminism and its role in her life and her music.
“A man writing about his feelings from a vulnerable place is brave,” Swift said. “A woman writing about her feelings from a vulnerable place is oversharing or whining. Misogyny is ingrained in people from the time they are born.”
Maybe it’s that inequality that makes it so hard for girl singers to make it on country radio. Maybe Swift is onto something. What if country singers sharing stories all came across as brave, regardless of gender? That would be a country station I’d listen to all day long.
Swift goes on to say that, to her, “Feminism is probably the most important movement that you could embrace, because it’s just basically another word for equality.”
And she adds that she didn’t always understand feminism, and it wasn’t vital to her while growing up.
“I think that when I used to say, ’Oh, feminism’s not really on my radar,’ it was because when I was just seen as a kid, I wasn’t as threatening,” she said. “I didn’t see myself being held back until I was a woman. Or the double standards in headlines, the double standards in the way stories are told, the double standards in the way things are perceived.”

domain: sociology


text:
The Ideal Drawing An Easter Bunny Besides young children also love the things to do of drawing an easter bunny
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domain: hobby


June 9, 2022: Italian energy tech company Energy Dome announced the commercial launch of its first ‘CO2 Battery’ in Sardinia on June 8.
“We are now preparing our first full-scale 20MW-200MWh plant,” says the firm. Its first commercial project, Commercial Operation Date, is expected to be deployed by the end of 2023
Energy Dome says it has already secured multiple commercial agreements, “including with an Italian utility A2A for the construction of a first 20MW-5h facility”.
On April 4, Energy Dome announced the signing of a deal to expand the use of its technology across Europe in partnership with Italy’s Ansaldo Energia to build long-duration energy storage projects in Italy, Germany, the Middle East and Africa.
“Our plan is backed by investors including European venture capital firm 360 Capital, Barclays, Novum Capital Partners and Third Derivative,” says Energy Dome.
“To fund the rapid commercial scale-up, we plan to launch a Series B fundraising round for prospective investors interested in this ground-breaking energy storage technology.
The company said the milestone marked the “final de-risking” of its long-duration energy storage technology as it enters the commercial scale-up phase.
The firm claims CO2 Batteries “can be deployed just about anywhere at less than half the cost of similar-sized lithium-ion battery storage facilities and have superior round-trip efficiency, with no performance degradation over a 25-year lifecycle.”
Company co-founder and CEO Claudio Spadacini said: “Our breakthrough technology is now commercially available to make cost-effective renewable energy dispatchable on a global scale.”
Energy Dome uses CO2 in a closed-loop charge/discharge cycle as a storage agent. Before charging, gaseous CO2 is kept in a large dome structure.
During charging, electricity from the grid is used to compress the CO2 into liquid form, creating stored heat in the process. During discharge, the liquid CO2 is evaporated using the stored heat, expanded back into its gaseous form, and used to drive a turbine to generate electricity.


text:
Richmond Hill-Bryan County Chamber of Commerce Announces
Ribbon Cutting Ceremony – Boles Park
Richmond Hill, GA - The Richmond Hill-Bryan County Chamber of Commerce and the City of Richmond Hill invite you to attend the Ribbon Cutting Ceremony for Boles Park on Tuesday, December 8th at 4:30 p.m. The Ribbon Cutting will take place at Boles Park located at 505 Harris Trail Rd. in Richmond Hill, GA.
Chamber members and their guests are invited to enjoy an afternoon of congratulating
The Boles Family on the opening of the new park. Please be prepared with your masks.
It is the mission of the Richmond Hill/Bryan County Chamber of Commerce to be the leader in our community that promotes and stimulates a successful business environment. The Chamber is proud to serve the communities of Black Creek, Ellabell, Pembroke and Richmond Hill. We are devoted to our existing business and are constantly striving to make Bryan County a better place by bringing more businesses to the area which will provide more jobs, more customers and more projects.

domain: economics


text:
About the Expedition
Rivers, Forests & Prairies
Links We Like
Book: Adventuring Along the Lewis and Clark Trail
Join an Outing!
The Two Rivers of Lewis & Clark
Entries For March 29:
Captain Clark (current)
|<< Previous Entry (3/17/1805)||(3/31/1805) Next Entry >>|
The ice has stopped running, owing to some obstacle above. Repaired the boat and pirogues, and preparing to set out. But few Indians visited us today. They are now attending on the river bank to catch the floating buffalo.
Reprinted by permission of the American Studies Programs at the University of Virginia.
The complete text can also be downloaded for printing from their website.

domain: geography


text:
|Medicinal use and health benefits of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)|
Garlic has been used as both food and medicine in many cultures for thousands of years. Garlic is widely used around the world for its pungent flavor as a seasoning or condiment. It is a fundamental component in many or most dishes of various regions, including Asia, the Middle East, northern Africa, southern Europe, and parts of South and Central America. The flavour varies in intensity and aroma with the different cooking methods. It is often paired with onion, tomato, or ginger. The parchmentlike skin is much like the skin of an onion and is typically removed before using in raw or cooked form. An alternative is to cut the top off the bulb, coat the cloves by dribbling olive oil (or other oil-based seasoning) over them, and roast them in the oven. The garlic softens and can be extracted from the cloves by squeezing the (root) end of the bulb, or individually by squeezing one end of the clove.
Oils are often flavored with garlic cloves. Commercially prepared oils are widely available, but when preparing garlic-infused oil at home, there is a risk of botulism if the product is not stored properly. To reduce this risk, the oil should be refrigerated and used within one week. Manufacturers add acids and/or other chemicals to eliminate the risk of botulism in their products.
Garlic leaves are a popular vegetable in many parts of Asia. The leaves are cut, cleaned, and then stir-fried with eggs, meat, or vegetables. Mixing garlic with eggs and olive oil produces aioli. Garlic, oil, and a chunky base produce skordalia. Blending garlic, almond, oil, and soaked bread produces ajoblanco.
Medicinal use and health benefits
Garlic (Allium sativum) has a very long folk history of use in a wide range of ailments, particularly ailments such as ringworm, Candida and vaginitis where its fungicidal, antiseptic, tonic and parasiticidal properties have proved of benefit.
The plant produces inhibitory effects on gram-negative germs of the typhoid-paratyphoid-enteritis group, indeed it possesses outstanding germicidal properties and can keep amoebic dysentery at bay. It is also said to have anticancer activity. It has also been shown that garlic aids detoxification of chronic lead poisoning. Garlic is claimed to help prevent heart disease (including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and atherosclerosis) and cancer.
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been found to reduce platelet aggregation and hyperlipidemia.
Garlic (Allium sativum) is also alleged to help regulate blood sugar levels. It can reduces glucose metabolism in diabetics, slows the development of arteriosclerosis and lowers the risk of further heart attacks in myocardial infarct patients. Externally, the expressed juice is an excellent antiseptic for treating wounds. The fresh bulb is much more effective medicinally than stored bulbs, extended storage greatly reduces the anti-bacterial action. The bulb is said to be anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stings, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator.
Garlic (Allium sativum) to Prevent Heart Disease . Supplementation with garlic extract inhibited vascular calcification in human patients with high blood cholesterol. The known vasodilative effect of garlic is possibly caused by catabolism of garlic-derived polysulfides to hydrogen sulfide in red blood cells, a reaction that is dependent on reduced thiols in or on the RBC membrane. Hydrogen sulfide is an endogenous cardioprotective vascular cell-signaling molecule.
In modern naturopathy, garlic is used as a treatment for intestinal worms and other intestinal parasites, both orally and as an anal suppository. Garlic cloves are used as a remedy for infections (especially chest problems), digestive disorders, and fungal infections such as thrush.

domain: medical


Many stories of how the IPOB leader was caught has been circulating on the internet, the federal government has finally revealed how the security agencies carried out the arrest successfully.
On Thursday Nigerian Government said the re-arrest of Mazi Nnamdi Kanu was accomplished via collaborations with the Nigerian security and intelligence agencies, and authorities from other countries.
Alhaji Lai Mohammed, the Minister of Information and Culture, disclosed this on Thursday while addressing newsmen, although he never mentioned a particular country where he was nabbed.
According to Mohammed, the FG has an obligation with the countries that aided the re-arrest, stating that the Nigerian Government “will continue to respect and honour the obligations”.
He said, “Finally, there have been speculations on how this re-arrest was pulled off and in which country the hitherto fugitive leader of the proscribed IPOB was nabbed.
“What we can tell you, once again, is that the re-arrest was made possible by the diligent efforts of our security and intelligence agencies, in collaboration with countries with which we have obligations. We continue to respect and honour the obligations”.
Meanwhile, Nnamdi Kanu’s family had disclosed that he was ‘unlawfully’ arrested in Kenya.
Speaking in a statement on Wednesday, Nnamdi Kanu’s younger brother, Emmanuel Kanu said the leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra was unlawfully arrested in Kenya, detained and was subsequently extracted from the country to Nigeria,
Emmanuel said the federal government violated the principles of the rule of law by arresting his brother adding that the British High Commission must insist on Nnamdi Kanu’s release.
The statement reads, “My brother Nnamdi Kanu demands the right to self-determination for Biafra. Self-determination is the right tthat underpins the United Nations.
“Because Biafrans support Nnamdi Kanu’s call for Biafran self-determination, my brother has now been subjected to the most serious violations of international law.
“Whilst visiting Kenya, Nnamdi Kanu was detained and handed over to the Nigerian authorities who then flew him to Nigeria.
“My brother has been subjected to extraordinary rendition by Kenya and Nigeria. They have violated the most basic principles of the rule of law. Extraordinary rendition is one of the most serious crimes states can commit. Both Nigeria and Kenya must be held to account. I demand justice for my brother, Nnamdi Kanu.”
“Nnamdi Kanu holds both British and Nigerian citizenship. Nnamdi Kanu is Biafran, not Nigerian. He has rejected his Nigerian citizenship.
“The British High Commission in Nigeria must insist upon my brother’s immediate release.
“They must guarantee his safety and security. Nnamdi Kanu must be returned home to the UK to his wife and his sons who live here. The Foreign Secretary, Dominic Raab, must make clear to the Nigerian authorities that they will not tolerate the unlawful detention of British citizens and that the UK Government condemns the Nigerians and Kenyans for undermining the rule of law. Foreign Secretary Raab must be clear.
“There will be consequences for those who resort to extraordinary rendition. The British Government must insist upon justice for Nnamdi Kanu.”
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By LEE A. DANIELS
Published: August 30, 1991
BREE WALKER-LAMPLEY, the former anchorwoman for Channel 2 in New York whose disability has provoked controversial remarks, gave birth to a son who has the same condition. The boy, AARON JAMES LAMPLEY, was born on Wednesday with ectrodactyly, which causes fingers and toes to become fused. Ms. Walker-Lampley and her husband, JIM LAMPLEY, are both anchors for for KCBS television in Los Angeles.
In July, a Los Angeles radio talk show host raised the issue of Ms. Walker-Lampley's decision to become pregnant because the child would face a 50 percent chance of inheriting the gene that causes the condition. Ms. Walker-Lampley's daughter by a previous marriage also has ectrodactyly. Ms. Walker-Lampley, Mr. Lampley and advocates for the disabled sharply criticized those comments in press reports about the show and the controversy it produced.
Photo: Bree Walker-Lampley


text:
New online resource! Making of the Modern Law: Legal Treatises, 1800-1926
If you're studying the development of legal thought or practice in the English-speaking Western world, the Libraries new online resource may prove indispensable to your research.
The Making of the Modern Law: Treatises is a full-text collection of legal monographs published in Great Britain and the United States from 1800 to 1926. It comprises 21,800 titles covering every area of the law, including commerce, labor, slavery, taxation, real property, intellectual property, criminal law and constitutional law. The authors include seminal thinkers such as William Blackstone, Oliver Wendall Holmes and Clarence Darrow, who guided the development of legal theory and practice in America and England.
The database is an important resource not only for the history of the law, but also for a wide variety of other topics, including education, the family, public finance, business and economics, and politics and government. It is searchable by keyword in full text as well as by subject and other fields.
To access Making of the Modern Law: Legal Treatises, 1800-1926 from the front page of the Libraries webpage, follow the path: Research Resources > Indexes and Databases > By Subject > Law > Making of the Modern Law: Legal Treatises, 1800-1926
Posted April 22, 2009

domain: library


text:
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. — When Dawson Babiak, 9, was a cancer patient at Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, he started a toy drive for other kids there.
For the past five holiday seasons, Dawson, his family and Hopkins Public Schools have collected toys for patients at the hospital. But last year was the first time Dawson donated the toys after being declared cancer free.
Now, the toy drive continues to get bigger and better. Those gifts were delivered to the hospital on Tuesday.
"It means the world to us," said Jason Babiak, Dawson's father. "It's knowing that these children, in this wonderful hospital, can think about better times, can think beyond the scope of their immediate treatment.
Babiak also said toys made a big impact on Dawson when he was going through treatment.
This was the largest toy donation yet, Babiak said.
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Suggest you review the posts and pics. Also look up the Mk 37. n/t
and was a stand alone piece of equipment. The telescopes in the front of the director were the pointer's and trainer's telescopes.
The optical system allowed the director to send bearing, elevation, and range to the Mk 1 computer. Each operator also had a switch which allowed them to send momentary inputs to the computer, when on target, which enabled rate calculations and target tracking without radar.
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For flow measurement and heat supply measurement in drinking water distribution systems, in solar
systems and in heating systems of water and antifreeze liquids with a maximum medium temperature of 120 ° C in the flow range 1 to 12 or 2 to 40 l / min we use the flow meter AV23. It is a flow meter using the Grundfos VFS (Vortex Flow Sensor) flow and temperature measurement module. This module is also used by other manufacturers of flow meters, which can also be used (for flow rates up to 200 l / min).
The AV23 control flow meter is designed for simultaneous measurement of medium flow and temperature. The flow is measured on the principle of vortexing in the medium.
- Mixtures of water with common anti-corrosion and antifreeze additives (glycol resistant)
- Heating water
- Drinking water
- Cold and hot water
The flow meter can be installed anywhere in the solar circuit (for common solar collectors max. Operating temperature 120 ° C sufficient), the most aqueous is installation on the return pipe (see fig. 2). The working position of the flow meter is arbitrary.
When installing, it is necessary to take into account the length of the supply cable approx. 110 cm. The cable is terminated with a special connector for direct connection to the C-AM-0600I module and its extension is inappropriate.
|Flow range||1 – 12 (l/min)||2 – 40 (l/min)|
|lightness||DN 20||DN 20|
|fittings||G1" × G1" A||G1" × G1" A|
|Max. operating temperature:||
|Temperature measuring range:||
0 - 100 °C
|Max. the operating pressure:||
|Flow measurement accuracy:||< 3% final values||1.5% final values|
≤ 4 mm²/s
G (cylindrical) according to ISO 228
|Material of internal parts:||
brass, stainless steel, plastic
PPS, PPA, PA
with flat seal 1"
|Degree of IP protection:||
Fig. 1 Example of AV23 flowmeter / thermometer connection to C-AM-0600I module.
- The flow meter is equipped with a 110 cm long cable terminated with a connector for connection to the C-AM-0600I module.
- The valve can be installed in a horizontal, oblique or vertical position. You only need to pay attention to the direction of the arrow indicating the media flow.
- The temperature sensor can be connected to any input of the module (AI1 to AI5), for temperature measurement T2 it is possible to use a temperature sensor connected to any module in the system.
- ATTENTION! The manufacturer of the VFS (flow sensor) module recommends to ground the negative terminal of the flowmeter power supply (Fig. GND terminal of the module to ensure the stated measurement accuracy C-AM-0600I) and at the same time a pipe with a flow meter on the PE terminal. The grounding is indicated by the dashed line in the figure. This also grounds the CIB- terminal and changes the installation to PELV from the point of view of electrical safety. Beware of ground loops - the power supply of the system, including the CIB bus, must no longer be grounded at another point in the installation.
Fig. 2 Příklad umístění prvků pro měření tepla vyrobeného solárním systémem


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Epocrates Inc files for $75 million IPO
WASHINGTON, April 17
WASHINGTON, April 17 (Reuters) - Epocrates Inc, a provider of clinical information and support tools to healthcare professionals, on Thursday filed with regulators to raise up to $75 million in an initial public offering.
The San Mateo, California-based company said in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that Citi, Piper Jaffray, William Blair & Co, and Needham & Co are underwriting the IPO.
The company did not reveal the terms of the IPO in the filing but did say it expects to list its shares on the Nasdaq under the symbol "EPOC." (Reporting by Karey Wutkowski)


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Italy is renowned for its fantastic cuisine and many people will be familiar with some of its best-loved dishes, such as pasta, pizza and gelato. Yet each region of Italy boasts its own speciality and, as all food lovers will agree, it is a must to try them while you're there. A hiking or biking tour is a great way to immerse yourself in the country's atmosphere and truly experience its culture. After a day of exercise, you can look forward to sitting down, relaxing and enjoying a good meal. Ask the waiter or waitress for their regional recommendations and, of course, a local wine to go with it.
12 Great Regional Dishes of Italy
Tasty Orecchiette pasta served simply
Puglia: Orecchiette pasta
Pulgia is a great place to enjoy a hiking or biking trip. It is one of Italy's flattest regions (which is great if you're a novice on the bike), as well as being very fertile (perfect for seasonal foods). Wheat and olive oil are produced in abundance in Pulgia, and this makes pasta a favourite for locals. Orecchiette are "little ears" of durum wheat pasta, often made in this region without egg.
Lombardy: Risotto alla milanese
Hiking around Lake Como in the Lombardy region offers many opportunities to sample the local cuisine and wine. Did you know that this region is home to a wealth of rice paddies, which is where Carnaroli and Arborio varieties are grown? It won’t surprise you to know that this region, in northern Italy, is the home of risotto. In Risotto alla Milanese, the traditional ingredients include beef marrow although this is not always used these days because of dietary reasons, and saffron. Bagna Cauda. Pic credit: Fernando Lopez Anido
Barolo: Bagna caôda
Barolo is a region in Piedmont, which borders France and Switzerland. The regional dish is Bagna caôda, which means "warm dip". The dish is based on an emulsion of slow-cooked chopped garlic, oil and butter. Anchovies and peeled walnuts are added and cooked down until it forms a salty-garlicky paste. This is usually served in a terracotta pot accompanied with artichoke, endive, sweet pepper and onion for dipping. Why not sample this while hiking in Barolo?
Umbria: Tagliatelle with truffles
Umbria borders three other Italian regions; Tuscany, Lazio and Le Marche, and it definitely makes the most of a wonderful, natural larder. Game, including wild boar, is often found on menus and they love to include fungus in their dishes. The famous black truffle grows just below ground level in forests all over Umbria, while even more prized is the tartufo bianco (white truffle) that grows in late autumn. Tagliatelle with truffles is a simple dish that offers a taste sensation. Fresh, pasta strands are tossed with butter and a little grated Parmigiano to taste, and as much truffle as you can find/afford. After a long day of hiking in Umbria, you should definitely treat yourself!
Naked ravioli, or gnudi
Tuscany: Gnudi with ricotta and spinach
Tuscany is traditionally a farming region and the food reveals the use of local ingredients. Gnudi are "naked" ravioli, i.e without the sheet of pasta that usually encloses them, so it’s just the filling that you get. They are served with spinach, ricotta (sheep's milk cheese), flour and egg and usually accompanied with a dressing of olive oil, sage and pecorino cheese. There are plenty of opportunities to sample this delicious dish on a hiking tour in Tuscany.
Abruzzo: Maccheroni alla Chitarra
Abruzzo lies to the east of Rome and boasts a rugged landscape with a focus on farming. There are many dishes associated with this region and most include local meats. One of the best is Maccheroni alla chitarra, which is created by pressing pasta through an instrument called a “chitarra”. The result is long, thin noodles rather like spaghetti. The pasta is usually served with a tomato-based sauce, flavoured with peppers, pork, goose, or lamb.
Ricotta salata is a popular ingredient. Pic credit: Paoletta S.
Calabria: Macaroni with pork, eggplant and salted ricotta
The cuisine in this region, which is located in the "toe" of Italy’s boot-shaped peninsula, typically offers a lovely balance of meat and vegetables. Macaroni with pork, eggplant and salted ricotta is a speciality and combines several of Italy’s southern classic elements; Melanzane (eggplant), cured meats such as capocollo (pork neck), and ricotta salata (salted ricotta, a dried, pressed sheep's milk cheese which gives the dish a salty kick).
Pizza Napoletana . Pic credit: ElfQrin
Campania: Pizza Napoletana
Campania is in sunny south-western Italy and is renowned for its stunning coastline, ancient ruins and the bustling city of Naples. The region is all about the carbs, especially the white flour of a pizza base - perfect after a day of hiking or cycling. Pizza Napoletana is usually served in Campania as a thick-rimmed pizza and is often cooked in a wood-burning domed oven. The topping comprises of cow's milk mozzarella, tomato sauce and perhaps a couple of other toppings. Imagine great flavours yet wonderful simplicity. The Amalfi Coast is a treat, especially if you like to combine daily hiking, a beautiful coastline, and fine foods.
Located in northern Italy, Emilia-Romagna stretches from the Apennine Mountains to the Po River in the north. Many of the pasta dishes we know today have their classic Italian roots in the region of Emilia-Romagna. One great example is the baked, layered lasagne, yet another great dish to try is Cappelletti (stuffed "little hats"), tortellini and tortelloni.
Tangy frico. Pic credit: DorothyP61N1
Friuli Venezia Giulia: Spiced frico cheese
The north-eastern region of Friuli Venezia Giulia borders Austria, Slovenia and the Adriatic Sea. As you might expect, the cuisine in the Italian region has many influences and offers something of a hybrid style. The frico cheese is based on the local cow's milk cheese. It is cooked almost to melting point and then sugar and cinnamon are added before it is served cubed, or on toasted bread. The dish is a warming balance of spice, salt and sweetness. You can visit Friuli on a biking tour between Venice and Porec.
Lazio: Spring lamb with salt-cured anchovies
Located in the heart of Italy and boasting the country’s capital city of Rome is the region of Lazio. Lamb with salt-cured anchovies is a favorite regional dish, especially in the countryside around Rome. This simple but delicious dish is created by cooking chopped lamb in a pan with oil, garlic, sage and rosemary. It is then seasoned with salt-cured anchovies.
Sicily: Pasta with sardines
Pasta con le sarde is a delicious contrast of sweet and salty. The dish is often made on this Italian island with bucatini (pasta tubes), and served with fresh sardines, wild fennel, raisins, pine nuts and saffron. You can try pasta with sardines and other tasty dishes while hiking in Sicily.

domain: travel


Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly shaping the world we live in. From autonomous vehicles to personalized recommendations, it has become an integral part of our daily lives. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and AI is no exception. As AI systems become more prevalent, the ethical concerns surrounding them are becoming amplified, and so is the need to address them. One of the most pressing issues in the AI ethics debate is the problem of bias. AI systems can inherit the biases and prejudices of their creators, and this can lead to marginalization and discrimination for certain groups. In this article, we will delve deeper into the ethical conundrum of AI bias and explore ways to uncover and prevent it.
– Introduction: The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Its Growing Impact on Society
The world is changing faster than ever, and one of the biggest drivers of that change is artificial intelligence (AI). The seemingly limitless potential of AI is already being felt across many industries, from healthcare to finance to transportation. But with that potential comes a range of questions and challenges that must be addressed.
One of the most pressing concerns about AI is its impact on employment. As machines become increasingly sophisticated, many jobs that were once done by humans will become automated. This could have massive consequences for our economy and society as a whole, as large numbers of people find themselves out of work.
Another area of concern is privacy. As AI becomes more integrated into our daily lives, the amount of personal information that is collected and processed by these systems is growing rapidly. It is crucial that we find ways to protect people’s privacy and ensure that their data is not misused.
Despite these challenges, there is no doubt that AI will continue to play an increasingly important role in our lives. From self-driving cars to virtual personal assistants, the possibilities are endless. As long as we approach the development of AI with care and consideration, we can harness its power for the benefit of everyone.
– The Ethical Challenges of AI: Understanding its Limitations and Biases
AI, or Artificial Intelligence, is a game-changing technology that has revolutionized various industries. However, as we continue to rely on AI to make decisions and automate tasks, we must also be aware of the ethical challenges that come with it. Understanding the limitations and biases of AI is crucial if we want to ensure that its use aligns with ethical principles.
One of the primary limitations of AI is its inability to replicate human intuition and empathy. While AI can excel at tasks such as data analysis, it cannot fully grasp the complexity of human emotions and experiences. This poses a challenge when using AI in fields such as healthcare, social work, and justice, where human intuition and empathy are critical in decision-making.
Moreover, AI can also suffer from biases due to the data it is programmed with. When an AI algorithm is fed with biased data, it can perpetuate and even amplify existing biases, leading to discrimination and unfairness. For example, facial recognition technology has been found to have racial biases, which can result in innocent people being wrongfully accused and penalized.
As technology continues to evolve, it is necessary to scrutinize the ethical implications of AI and employ measures to minimize these challenges. One such measure is to ensure that decisions made by AI align with ethical principles such as fairness, accountability, and transparency. Additionally, we must continuously audit AI systems to identify biases and rectify them promptly.
In conclusion, the ethical challenges of AI are complex and multifaceted. While AI offers enormous potential to enhance human life, it must be developed and used responsibly. By understanding the limitations and biases of AI, we can work towards creating a future where technology aligns with ethical principles.
– The Hidden Biases Within: Exploring the Implications of AI Systems
The Implications of AI Systems
As we continue to rely on artificial intelligence (AI) for an ever-growing number of tasks, it is crucial to understand the hidden biases present within the algorithms that power these systems. Although AI is designed to make objective decisions based on data sets, these data sets are often created by humans who have their own inherent biases and cultural influences. Without careful consideration, AI can reinforce societal inequalities and create new forms of discrimination.
One example of hidden bias in AI systems is their tendency to adopt the cultural norms and stereotypes of the society in which they were created. For example, when Amazon developed an AI to screen job candidates, the system was found to be discriminating against women because it had been trained on resumes submitted to the company over the previous decade, which were predominantly from men. The AI had learned to associate certain words and phrases with male candidates and automatically downgraded resumes that contained words associated with women, such as “women’s”, “female”, or “gender”. This is a clear example of how hidden biases can impact AI systems in significant ways.
Another area where bias can creep into AI systems is image recognition. Studies have shown that AI algorithms are more likely to misclassify images of people with darker skin tones than those with lighter skin tones. This is because the training data for these algorithms has not been diverse enough, resulting in biased algorithms that lead to incorrect classifications.
It is essential to remember that AI systems are only as good as the data they are trained on. In order to avoid hidden biases, it is crucial to ensure that datasets are diverse and correctly balanced to account for cultural differences and avoid gender or racial discrimination. By understanding the implications of AI and addressing hidden biases, we have the potential to create fair and accurate AI systems that benefit all.
– Unraveling the Ethical Conundrum: Unlocking Bias in AI Systems
The Bias in AI:
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely integrated into our daily lives, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to sophisticated financial trading algorithms. However, as AI is created by humans who often carry implicit or explicit biases, the technology can perpetuate and even amplify them.
The consequential bias in AI systems raises ethical concerns as the algorithms are increasingly used to make decisions that have significant impact on individuals and society as a whole. The natural language processing models that power virtual assistants, for example, reflect the cultural biases learned from the data they’re trained on, leading to gender discrimination and racial profiling.
Thus, the development of ethical AI has become a crucial goal, which aims to address the unintended consequences of biased algorithms. This requires a rigorous analysis of the data that powers AI systems and the design of algorithms that recognize and eliminate potential sources of bias. As AI continues to evolve and transform, unraveling the ethical conundrum will remain a challenge, but an essential one for the creation of just and fair systems.
– Addressing the Challenges: Strategies for Creating Ethical and Bias-free AI Systems
Identifying and addressing the challenges of creating ethical and bias-free AI systems is crucial for the fair usage of artificial intelligence in various fields. The following strategies can help to create unbiased and ethically sound AI systems:
1. Diverse Training Data: AI systems learn from the data they are trained on, and ensuring that the training data is diverse and representative is crucial to avoid bias. Including a diverse set of people, cultures, and perspectives in the training data can help to reduce the chances of unintentional biases in the AI system.
2. Transparency: Making the AI system transparent is essential for improving accountability and building trust among users. People using the AI system should be able to understand how it works and what data it uses to make decisions. This will help to identify any biases or errors in the system.
3. Regular Auditing: Regularly auditing the AI system can help to identify biases and ethical concerns that may have arisen after deployment. A team of professionals can review the AI system for any biases, ethical concerns, and recommend modifications.
4. Human Intervention: Building AI systems that allow for human intervention can help to address complex ethical dilemmas posed by automation. Including humans in the decision-making loop can help to ensure that the AI system operates in a transparent and ethical way.
In conclusion, addressing the challenges of creating ethical and bias-free AI systems requires a multi-pronged approach that considers training data, transparency, regular auditing, and human intervention. By following these strategies, we can create AI systems that are fair, ethical, and trustworthy. As we continue to rely on AI to make decisions that impact our lives, it is crucial that we acknowledge and address the ethical implications and biases that exist within these systems. The journey to unlocking the ethical conundrum of AI will not be easy, but it is a necessary one. By shining a light on the biases that exist and taking proactive steps to address them, we can ensure that the technology is used in a way that promotes fairness, equality, and justice for all. Ethical AI is not a pipe dream, it is a necessity. Through continued research, development, and conversation, we can unlock the potential of AI without sacrificing our values or our humanity. Let’s work together to create a tech-filled world that is not only smart, but just.
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The writers of this Digital News Site are a dedicated group of journalists who are passionate about telling the stories that matter. They are committed to providing their readers with accurate, unbiased, and informative news coverage. The team is made up of experienced journalists with a wide range of expertise. They have a deep understanding of the issues that matter to their readers, and they are committed to providing them with the information they need to make informed decisions. The writers at this site are also committed to using their platform to make a difference in the world. They believe that journalism can be a force for good, and they are committed to using their skills to hold those in power accountable and to make the world a better place.


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Diabetic Limb Restoration
Our new book/product release August/September 2016 is focused on restoration of diabetic limbs. All too often sellers of products and practitioners sell socks or drugs or processes that involve your long term purchase of their products. There is a better, more effective way. After all, the diabetic wants results, not continued product purchases.
Following the release of our popular book series that began with THE ANSWER TO CANCER: A SIMPLE SOLUTION FOR THE WESTERN CONDITION, we found that once the “western condition” is resolved a host of things take place in the body. The transformation we found in the body demonstrated manifest changes in dead and dieing limbs of diabetics and others with circulation issues. In many instances the transformation was nearly instant. In others it takes time, yet the return to life of limbs once thought lost is profound. We therefore decided to craft a special book for those beginning their quest of limb restoration. This powerful book/tool set has helped many and will continue as long as you help spread the good word about our book(s) and book products.
See our store for products and details. Availability varies. See many of our EMF Protection products at the online store. Demand is high. https://thebraincan.com/store-2/

domain: literature