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Title: The Exposure of Infants among Jews and Christians in Antiquity
Author: Koskenniemi, Erkki
Publisher: Sheffield Phoenix Press; Publication Date: 2009
Hardcover; ISBN: 9781906055127
Volumes: 1; Pages: xi, 192
List Price in Cloth: $85.00 Our price: $67.99
(Add to Cart button is at the bottom of this page)
This practice, so distasteful to the modern conscience, and shocking when we encounter it in reading about the ancient world, was nevertheless a normal feature of life in classical antiquity. There can be little doubt that both Jews and Christians, like their neighbours, must have practised the exposure of infants, whether for economic reasons, or because the child was of the wrong gender, or because of its illegitimacy. Otherwise, one can hardly explain the rich variety of arguments against the custom in rabbinic and patristic literature.In this novel and penetrating study, Koskenniemi reviews the evidence for the practice from Graeco-Roman, Jewish and Christian sources, and then, in the major part of the book, examines the rejection of the custom by Jewish authors like Philo and Josephus and by Christian writers such as Clement, Justin, Tertullian, Origen, Chrysostom and Augustine, many of whom adopted the arguments of their Jewish counterparts.


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Battle Breakers is a new RPG by Fortnite creator Epic Games, featuring many characters in common with Fortnite, as well as a ton of things to do and to unlock. You’re constantly unlocking new stuff, whether it’s buildings, hero upgrade methods, or more.
Read on for a full guide to how and why to unlock everything in Battle Breakers!
Your Headquarters is available right from the conclusion of the tutorial (beat level 1-4), but you also are going to need to upgrade it constantly to keep your heroes strong. Each new upgrade level requires a specific player experience level, plus occasionally gems.
The point of upgrading your Headquarters is to increase your maximum hero experience levels. Each upgrade increases your maximum hero level by 5. So at HQ level 1, you can level your heroes to 10, but at level 2, you can level up your heroes to 15.
The Ancient Factory allows you to claim random items often, or to spend stars and convert them to gold coins. This is also available from the beginning, but requires different levels to upgrade.
Each upgrade increases the variety of items that you can pick up here, so that you can go here to claim items related to future unlocked features (evolution, promotion, etc).
Most Popular Codes: Active Promo Codes for Survivor!.io: The Full List and How to Redeem Them
The Marketplace Gateway is available after beating stage 1-3. You can go here to buy common or uncommon items in exchange for gold, and often to claim items for free.
The shop refreshes every 24 hours or so, or you can refresh the shop by spending 50 gems. You can upgrade the shop to get a better selection of items. Each upgrade to the shop requires a specific player experience level plus gold, and allows you to buy better items in the store.
You can unlock the Crystal Forge after beating stage 2-6. Once you start getting equipment for your characters, you will really want the Crystal Forge.
The reason for that is that the Crystal Forge will allow you to level up and evolve your gear. Each upgrade will allow you to level and evolve your gear to even higher levels.
You can unlock the Burny Mine when you beat level 2-3. This allows you to go on mining expeditions in exchange for gold. With each expedition, you have a 50% chance of unlocking a deeper mine level.
Expeditions into the mine earn you ore, and the deeper you go into the mine, the better your yields will be.
Yulang’s Secret Shop
This is located just to the left of the Forest of Mixed Emotions. You need to pay 100 Gems in order to get into the shop, but once you do, you’ll be able to get in for free in the future.
In the Secret Shop, you can buy items that you would be able to buy elsewhere, but for far cheaper prices. This includes items that cost gold or that cost gems. There’s a number of free items in here that you can claim, too, and the shop refreshes every 24 hours, so you can continually go in and get free goods.
This unlocks when you reach player level 50. This allows you to increase the maximum level of your hero, the maximum elixir consumption of your hero, and increases the power of their special ability. Promotion requires essences of your hero’s element type.
Unlock this once you hit player level 35. When you evolve a hero, you increase every single one of their stats greatly, as well as giving them better attributes. This is one of the most overpowered upgrades, so search for opportunities to evolve your hero when you unlock this.
This unlocks after beating level 3-1. With the skill upgrade, you’ll be able to improve your hero’s special skills/swipe skills.
This unlocks at the same time the Crystal Forge does, when you beat level 2-6. This allows you to outfit your heroes with weapons and armor in order to improve their stats. Plus, you will be able to upgrade and evolve your gear to make it even stronger and more powerful.
This allows you to permanently increase the skill of a hero, but you can only give them a specific number of elixirs. Promote your hero to increase the maximum amount of elixirs that they can consume.
Higher Difficulty Levels for each stage
Once you beat level 1-7, you’ll start being able to play higher difficulty levels for each stage that you beat. Each higher difficulty level puts you up against stronger and stronger enemies, but your rewards are bigger.
Plus, you earn one more star for beating a higher difficulty stage. Go back to old levels and farm them for stars when you need to speed-unlock a new area or get more stars to spend in the Ancient Factory.

domain: game


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The January 2016 issue of Cake Craft & Decoration magazine is out now, so why not add one to your next order. More pictures below.
In this issue:
- Quick, easy & adorable last minute Christmas cakes.
- Innovative new design; Zentangling,
- Combining carving and airbrushing,
- Reworking chalkboard trend,
- Varieties of simple last minute cakes,
- A look back at November’s sensational Cake International Show NEC.
- Sugar Fun – a NEW series aimed at children and anyone new to sugarcraft.
- Cover feature – Romantic Frills and Ruffles with Annabelle Jane.
- Plus lots and lots of fabulous designs, ideas and projects and over £1000 worth of prizes to be won!!
To order, please visit the link below or your local News stand.

domain: hobby


Toytec Boss Front Coil Overs w/ Remote-Reservoir & Adjusters | 95.5-04 Tacoma & 96-02 4Runner
Toytec’s latest BOSS front coilover comes with a remote-reservoir and valve adjuster knobs allowing the ultimate front suspension tuning ability. This improves overall handling and performance.
FREE Shipping to The Lower 48!
- Designed and tuned for the 1st Gen Tacoma and 3rd Gen 4Runner
- Coilovers have a heim style lower eyelet for increased performance and side specific coilovers designed for proper mounting.
- The threaded Clear-Blue Chromate zinc plated steel shock body is adjustable from 0-3” of front lift height and can be fine tuned to level your truck side to side and front to back.
- Charged to 200 psi Nitrogen charge, each shock is dyno’d before it is shipped.
- Upper mounts and adjustment rings are machined from 6061-T6 Billet aluminum and are then anodized black to prevent corrosion.
- TIG welded spanner wrench included for ride height adjustment.
- Reservoir mounting hardware is included.
- Sold as a pair.
- We use Eibach springs for our coilovers which means you have the best name and quality in the business supporting your vehicle.
- Shipped fully assembled and ready to bolt on. Preset for approximately 2.5″ to 3″ of lift.
- All parts are 100% made in the U.S.A.
- 550 lb/in Silver Eibach Coils – great for stock front weight
- 600 lb/in Eibach (Red or Silver) Standard – Will handle the extra weight of a front bumper and winch.
- 650 lb/in Coils – Extra heavy constant load
- Will not fit 5 lug Tacoma
***Free Shipping applies to the lower 48 US States***
WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm – www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
|Toyota||4Runner||1996 - 2002|
|Toyota||Tacoma||1995 - 2004|


Harris Corporation has received an $11 million order from an African nation to supply its Falcon III® multiband, multi-mission radios as part of an ongoing modernization effort.
The order includes the RF-7800H-MP wideband tactical manpack radio, which delivers expanded data capabilities in long-range, beyond-line-of-sight environments; the RF-7850M-HH multiband networking handheld radio, the first international radio to offer wideband communications and mobile, ad-hoc networking along with legacy narrowband waveforms; and the RF-7800V-HH VHF Combat Net Radio (CNR), which provides the ability to communicate with greater speed and range, achieving information superiority on the battlefield.
“Harris’ Falcon III radios will support the customer's need for simultaneous, secure voice and high-bandwidth data across a wide range of military missions,” said Chris Young, President, Harris Communication Systems.
“Our strong presence in the region, coupled with our ongoing investment in advancing Falcon® solutions, enables us to transition customers from their legacy, voice-dominated tactical radios to networked wideband tactical radios,” he added.
Harris Corporation is a leading technology innovator, solving our customers’ toughest mission-critical challenges by providing solutions that connect, inform and protect.
Harris supports customers in more than 125 countries, has approximately $8 billion in annual revenue and 22,000 employees worldwide. The company is organized into four business segments: Communication Systems, Space and Intelligence Systems, Electronic Systems, and Critical Networks.


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First 'The Beaver' Trailer Sees Depressed Mel Gibson
As it was promised, Summit Entertainment drops the first trailer for "The Beaver" on December 3. Making its way out via Apple, the video follows Mel Gibson's Walter Black who was once a successful toy executive and family man but now suffers from depression.
Plagued by his own demons, Walter can't seem to get himself back on track no matter what he tries, until a beaver hand puppet enters his life. While he finds his spirit in the beaver, Walter's family want the loving man back, not the beaver.
Two-time Academy Award winners Mel Gibson and Jodie Foster star as a couple in this film that picks up an emotional story about a man on a journey to re-discover his family and re-start his life. Foster also directs the drama comedy, which is aimed for 2011 spring release in the U.S.
- Bella Hadid and Justin Bieber Accuse Selena Gomez of Using The Weeknd for Promotion
- 'Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2' Toys Reveal First Look at Kurt Russell's Ego
- Will Kanye West Perform at Pal Donald Trump's Inauguration?
- Fergie Who? Nicole Scherzinger to Replace the Singer in Black Eyed Peas
- Tupac Shakur Biopic 'All Eyez on Me' Is Set to Be Released in Summer
- Kendall Jenner and A$AP Rocky Reignite Dating Rumors After Seen Shopping Together
- Ariana Grande Criticized for Claiming She's the 'Hardest Working 23-Year-Old' on Earth
- Lady GaGa Teases Super Bowl Performance in New Behind-the-Scenes Video

domain: celebrity


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25 & 26 MAY 2013
Catherine Anderson’s work is classical and realistic. Her pieces range from nudes and animals to commissioned pieces celebrating human endeavour and the environment. She crafts original works and hand-finishes each piece. Inside her studio, visitors are able to see work in all stages of production, getting an insight into what is involved in creating a bronze sculpture from start to finish. She has chosen to live in Boonah because she likes the balance of a rural lifestyle and a vibrant arts community.
‘My aim is to capture the essence of a natural form, and I am most often inspired by subjects that combine grace and elegance with strength and resilience.’

domain: artistic


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Monaco Film Festival
Monaco Travel Journal
Singapore Yacht Show
Monaco Week in China!
04 June 2016
(Chengdu, China) The “Monaco Week in China” is co-organized annually by the Embassy of Monaco in China, Blu ...
01 June 2016
Hurun Report published “The Chinese Luxury Traveler 2016” which revealed the habits, priorities and trends of wealthy Chinese ...
01 May 2016
The UN reveals that the international travel and tourism industry is now worth a staggering US$1.4 trillion. According ...
01 April 2016
International Flight supply updates: More new routes link China to Europe’s second tier cities. Air China links Shenzhen ...
01 March 2016
Hilton employs the hotel industry’s first Watson-enabled robot concierge. In partnership with IBM, the hotel group has introduced ...
01 February 2016
Looking into opening new routes to Asia, Norwegian airlines expands long-haul fleet with addition of 29 B787-9s to ...
01 January 2016
The UK is looking to increase its Chinese tourist’s market share and has replaced the single entry one-year ...


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|Publication number||US4521596 A|
|Application number||US 06/423,189|
|Publication date||Jun 4, 1985|
|Filing date||Sep 24, 1982|
|Priority date||Sep 28, 1981|
|Also published as||DE3261708D1, EP0075908A1, EP0075908B1|
|Publication number||06423189, 423189, US 4521596 A, US 4521596A, US-A-4521596, US4521596 A, US4521596A|
|Inventors||Tatsushiro Yoshimura, Shigetake Tominaga|
|Original Assignee||Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (7), Classifications (24), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates to a fluororesin-containing coating composition. More particularly, it relates to an aqueous fluororesin-containing coating composition having good adhesiveness, good corrosion resistance and heat resistance without exerting any toxicity and causing any pollution problem.
A fluororesin is used as a coating of a substrate to be used in chemical, electrical, mechanical and food industries and also as a coating of domestic housewares such as a frying pan and an iron, since it has good heat and chemical resistance and other excellent properties such as low friction coefficient and non-stickness.
The non-stickness of the fluororesin, however, leads to its poor adhesiveness on any substrate and requires particular methods for preparing the coating and for applying it on the substrate in order to give satisfactory adhesiveness even under severe conditions.
Various binders which are blended with a dispersion of the fluororesin to improve its adhesiveness have been proposed. Among them, chromic acid and a mixture of chromic acid and phosphoric acid are most widely used. However, when an article coated with a fluororesin-containing coating composition which comprises the chromium-containing binders is used in boiling water or in contact with hot oil at a temperature of higher than 200° C., the coated film is entirely peeled off or it develops spot-like or foam-like peeling, so-called "blister". Further, such composition pollutes production and working environments and has problems in the course of the treatment of wastes, since the binders have strong acidity.
Also, many binders which do not comprise chromic acid such as a polyarylenesulphide base assistant, a polyamideimide base assistant and an organic titanium compound base assistant were proposed (British Pat. No. 1,592,886, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,011,361, 4,016,125, 4,070,525 and 4,022,742). However, a fluororesin-containing primer blended with such non-chromium binders is poor in adhesiveness on an iron substrate and heat resistance. For example, when the primer is coated on a big substrate such as a big drum, it takes long time to heat the substrate, and the coated primer is exposed to a high temperature for a long time. It also takes a long time to cool the big substrate, and the coated primer is again exposed to a high temperature for a long time. When a baked resin lining is formed, it is necessary to bake the resin for a long time in order to smooth the surface. As described above, the fluororesin-containing coating is often exposed to a high temperature of, for example, 350° to 380° C. for a long period of, for example, 10 to 20 hours, but any non-chromium primer composition cannot resist such high temperature treatment. Further, although a conventional primer which is baked for a short time has minimum bond strength, when the primer film on the iron substrate formed by baking it for a short time is exposed to a high temperature steam or hot water for a long time, blisters form, or if no blister form, its adhesiveness tends to deteriorate. Therefore, when the primer is applied on the substrate as an undercoating for a corrosion-resistant lining, the coating film is easily peeled off.
Alternatively, it is proposed to blend molybdic acid or its salt in the fluororesin-containing coating composition in order to improve its properties. For example, Japanese Patent Publication (unexamined) No. 142732/1977 discloses an antistatic coating comprising a fluororesin-containing coating blended with molybdic acid or its salt. Japanese Patent Publication (unexamined) Nos. 104363/1980 and 106268/1980 disclose a fluororesin-containing coating composition which contains a molybdate and phosphoric acid to prevent the deterioration of the fluororesin on a copper substrate. However, these coating compositions do not have sufficiently improved adhesiveness.
As a result of an extensive study, it has now been found that addition of molybdic acid or its salt, phosphoric acid or its salt, ammonium hydroxide and silica in a specified ratio in a fluororesin-containing coating composition greatly improves adhesiveness of the coating film formed from the composition on a substrate.
According to the present invention, there is provided an aqueous coating composition comprising a fluororesin, and (a) molybdic acid or its salt, (b) phosphoric acid or its salt, (c) ammonium hydroxide and (d) colloidal silica, the weight ratio of the fluororesin to the total amount of the ingredients (a), (b), (c) and (d) being 90:10 to 20:80 and the molar ratio of (a) molybdic acid or its salt as converted to MoO3, (b) phosphoric acid or its salt as converted to orthophosphoric acid, (c) ammonium hydroxide and (d) colloidal silica being 1:1:1:1 to 1:20:15:20.
The fluororesin coating film formed from the coating composition of the invention has good hardness and strong adhesiveness to any substrate including the iron substrate and also so good heat and corrosion resistance that it does not develop blisters and peeling when it is exposed to boiling water or heated oil for a long time. The coating composition of the invention does not contain chromic acid so that it does not pollute the working environment in which it is coated on the substrate, and is easily handled. In addition, it has been surprisingly found that the mixture of only the ingredients (a), (b), (c) and/or (d) forms a chemical film which has good corrosion resistance.
The coating composition of the invention is preferably used as a primer. The formed coating film has good adhesiveness to a coating film to be formed on it from a fluororesin-containing coating composition, and as a whole, they afford a strongly adhered film. The coating composition of the invention is used also as a single-layer coating which requires no top coating.
The specific examples of the fluororesin to be used in the invention are homo- or co-polymers of fluoroolefins (e.g. tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, etc.) and copolymers of such fluoroolefins with olefins (e.g. ethylene, propene, etc.) and/or fluorovinyl ether, which contains at least 75% by weight of fluoroolefins. Among them, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene/fluorovinyl ether copolymer and ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene/fluorovinyl ether terpolymer are preferred. The particle size of the fluororesin is not more than about 50 μm and preferably from 0.1 to 50 μm, more preferably from 0.1 to 10 μm. The fluororesin dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization is preferred since its particle size is usually in the range of from 0.1 to 3.0 μm so that the dispersion as such can be used in the preparation of the coating composition of the invention.
Specific examples of molybdic acid and its salt are molybdic anhydride, molybdic acid, pyromolybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, zinc molybdate, ammonium molybdophosphate and ammonium phosphomolybdate.
Preferred examples of phosphoric acid and its salt are orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid and an ammonium salt, an alkali metal salt and a molybdenum salt thereof.
Ammonium hydroxide may be added in the aqueous medium in the form of aqueous ammonia or formed in situ by passing gaseous ammonia through the aqueous medium.
Colloidal silica is present in the form of an aqueous colloidal solution of silica, which is commercially available.
The amounts of these ingredients are essential in the invention, and they are used in the following proportions on the bases of molybdic acid or its salt.
Phosphoric acid is used in the amount of from 1 to 20 moles, preferably from 2 to 15 moles per 1 mole of molybdic acid or its salt as converted to MoO3.
Ammonium hydroxide is used in the amount of from 1 to 15 moles, preferably from 2 to 10 moles per 1 mole of molybdic acid or its salt as converted to MoO3.
Colloidal silical is used in the amount of from 1 to 20 moles, preferably from 3 to 15 moles per 1 mole of molybdic acid or its salt as converted to MoO3.
In the coating composition of the invention, the weight ratio of the fluororesin to the total amount of the ingredients (a), (b), (c) and (d) is from 90:10 to 20:80, preferably from 70:30 to 30:70.
The concentration of the fluororesin in the whole composition is from 10 to 65% by weight, preferably from 15 to 45% by weight.
In addition to the above ingredients, the coating composition of the invention may further comprises a surfactant which enhances the dispersibility of the ingredients. Preferred surfactants are anionic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate, etc. Nonionic or cationic surfactants are less preferred since they tend to cause coalescence of the composition.
The coating composition of the invention can be prepared by any conventional process. One typical procedure is as follows:
1. Dissolve molybdic acid or its salt in aqueous ammonia,
2. Add phosphoric acid or its salt in the solution obtained in the step 1, while stirring and cooling the solution,
3. After cooling, add an aqueous dispersion of collidal silica in the solution,
4. Combine the mixture obtained in the step 3 with an aqueous dispersion of the fluororesin and mix it well. This step is preferably carried out just before the coating composition is used in order to avoid the coagulation of the fluororesin.
The coating composition of the invention can be coated on a substrate made of, for example, aluminum and aluminum alloys as well as iron and iron alloys and affords a strong coating film.
The coating composition of the invention is coated on the substrate, surface of which has preferably been roughened by a conventional chemical and/or physical method and cleaned, by a conventional coating method such as brushing, spraying, dipping and casting. The amount of the coating composition is selected so as to obtain a coating film of from 5 to 30 μm in thickness after being baked. The coated composition is then dried by air-drying or heating at an elevated temperature, for example at 100° C. to evaporate water and volatile ingredients from the composition. After drying, the coating film should be baked at a temperature of higher than the melting point of the fluororesin. The baking temperature is, in case of polytetrafluoroethylene, from 340° to 400° C. Baking of the coating film is usually carried out by keeping the coated substrate in a oven at a temperature as described above for a period of from several minutes to several hours. After baking, the coated substrate is cooled slowly by allowing it to be cooled in air, or cooling it quickly by quenching in water.
When the coating composition of the invention is used as the primer, it is coated on the substrate once. Alternatively, when it is used not only as the primer but also as the surface coating, the above coating steps are repeated several times to obtain the coating film having enough thickness.
The surface coating (the topcoat) may be coated on the primer of the invention by any conventional method such as spraying or powder coating of the fluororesin-containing surface coating. Further, the topcoat is made by thermocompression bonding of a preformed fluororesin film on the primer. The fluororesin contained in the surface coating is not necessarily the same as contained in the primer, and can be selected according to the final use.
The present invention will be hereinafter explained in detail by following Examples, wherein part and % are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Molybdic anhydride (MoO3) (16 parts) was dissolved in 28% aqueous ammonia (40 parts) diluted with water (50 parts), and then, 85% orthophosphoric acid (50 parts) was slowly added. After cooling, colloidal silica (Snowtex "O" sold by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Solid content: 20%) (100 parts) was added to obtain a mixture (hereinafter referred to as "Composition B-1"). The molar ratio of MoO3 /H3 PO4 /NH4 OH/SiO2 in Composition B-1 was 1:3.9:2.9:3.
Composition B-1 and an aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (solid content: 55%, referred to as "Composition A-1") were mixed together in the predetermined weight ratio as shown in Table 1 to obtain the primer. The primer was spray coated on an iron plate (SS-41, 50 mm×100 mm×1.5 mm), the surface of which having been roughened by a mixture of emery Nos. 80 and 100 in the weight ratio of 1:1 and degreased by heating at 380° C. for 15 minutes. The primer coating was dried in an infrared dryer at 100° C. for 10 minutes and baked in an oven at 380° C. for 20 minutes.
On the formed primer coating film, a surface coating containing tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer (Neoflon FEP powder coating NC-1539 manufactured by Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was electrostatically coated to the thickness of 1 mm and baked in the oven at 350° C. for 5 hours to obtain a lining sample.
The lining film was cut into strips of 100 mm wide. The 180° peeling test was carried out by means of an autograph "Shimadzu IS-500" under the following conditions:
Peeling rate: 50 mm/min.
Peeled width: 10 mm
Temperature : 20°-25° C.
In the same manner as above but using a commercially available primer, a lining sample was prepared, and its peeling strength was measured.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Primer Comp. A-1/Comp. B-1 Peeling strength (wt./wt.) (Kg/cm)______________________________________Example 1 10/12 5-6.5 10/17 6-6.5 10/20 6-7 10/23 6.5-7 10/28 2.5-3.5Comparative Polyflon enamel 1-2Example 1 EK-1883GB*1Comparative Polyflon enamel 1-1.5Example 2 EK-1783GB*2______________________________________ Note: 1 Manufactured by Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Chief ingredients: PTFE and polyimide resin 2 Manufactured by Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Chief ingredients: PTFE and organic titanium complex
Ammonium molybdate ((NH4)6 Mo7 O24.4H2 O) (20 parts) was dissolved in 28% aqueous ammonia (30 parts) diluted with water (60 parts), and then 85% orthophosphoric acid (50 parts) was slowly added. After cooling, colloidal silica (Snowtex "OL" sold by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Solid content: 20%) (130 parts) was added to obtain a mixture (hereinafter referred to as "Composition B-2"). The molar ratio of MoO3 /H3 PO4 /NH4 OH/SiO2 in Composition B-2 was 1:3.8:2.1:3.8.
Composition B-2 and Composition A-1 as prepared in Example 1 were mixed together in the predetermined weight ratio as shown in Table 2 to obtain the primer. Then, the primer was coated on the iron plate, dried and baked in the same manner as in Example 1.
On the formed primer coating film, as a surface coating, a fluororesin enamel (Polyflon enamel EK-4108GY manufactured by Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. PTFE solid content: 41%) was spray coated to the thickness of 15 to 20 μm after being baked, dried in an infrared dryer at 100° C. for 15 minutes and baked in an oven at 380° C. for 20 minutes or 5 hours to obtain a fluororesin coating film.
In the same manner as above but using a commercially available primer, a coating film was prepared.
According to the methods of JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) K 6894, pencil hardness test and drawing pin test were carried out .
The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________ Film Properties Primer Baking (20 min.) Baking (5 hr.) Comp. A-1/ Draw- Draw- Comp. B-2 Pencil ing pin Pencil ing pin (wt./wt.) hardness test hardness test______________________________________Example 2 1/1 H 5 H 5 2/3 H-2H 5 H-2H 5 2/4 H-2H 5 H-2H 5 1/4 H 4.5 H 4.5Comparative Polyflon H 5 HB 3Example 3 enamel EK-1883GB*1Comparative Polyflon H 4.5 HB 2.5Example 4 enamel EK-1783GB*2______________________________________ Note: 1 See Note 1 in Table 1 2 See Note 2 in Table 1
Ammonium molybdophosphate ((NH4)3 PO4.12MoO3.3H2 O) (20 parts) was added to 28% aqueous ammonia (75 parts) diluted with water (30 parts), and then, 85% orthophosphoric acid (85 parts) was slowly added. After cooling, colloidal silica (Snowtex "C" sold by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (160 parts) was added to obtain a mixture (hereinafter referred to as "Composition B-3"). The molar ratio of MoO3 /H3 PO4 /NH4 OH/SiO2 in Composition B-3 was 1:5.9:4.8:4.3.
Composition B-3 was added to a FEP dispersion (Neoflon ND-1 manufactured by Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd, solid content: 52%, hereinafter referred to as "Composition A-2") in the predetermined weight ratio as shown in Table 3 and coated on an iron plate in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a primer coating film. Then, the FEP powdery surface coating was coated on the primer coating film with the thickness of 1 mm in the same manner as in Example 1. The peeling strength of the resulting film was measured following the same method as in Example 1.
The lining sample cut into the strips of 10 mm wide was immersed in hot water at 95° to 98° C. for 300 hours and examined for peeling strength.
In the same manner as above but using a commercially available primer, the same test as above was carried out.
The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3______________________________________ Primer Comp. A-2/ Peeling Strength (kg/cm) Comp. B-3 Before hot After hot (wt./wt.) water treatment water treatment______________________________________Example 3 5/14 6.2-6.7 4-5.3 6/14 6-7 4-5 7/14 7-8 4-4.5 8/14 8-9 4-5 9/14 7-8 4-5 10/14 6-7 3-4Comparative Polyflon 1-2 Peeled offExample 5 enamel EK-1883GB*1Comparative Polyflon 1-1.5 Peeled offExample 6 enamel EK-1783GB*2Comparative Polyflon 4-5 1-2Example 7 enamel EK-1083GB*3 and EK-1883GB*1Comparative Chromium- 4-5 1.5-2Example 8 containing primer*4______________________________________ Note: 1 See Note 1 in Table 1 2 See Note 2 in Table 1 3 Manufactured by Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Chief ingredients: PTFE and polyarylenesulphide 4 Manufactured by du Pont
Molybdic acid (H2 MoO4.H2 O), 28% aqueous ammonia, 85% orthophosphoric acid, colloidal silica (Snowtex "O") and water in the predetermined molar ratio were mixed together to obtain a mixture (hereinafter referred to as "Composition B-4").
Composition B-4 and a PTFE dispersion (solid content: 50%, hereinafter referred to as "Composition A-3") were mixed together to obtain the primer.
The primer was coated on an iron plate in the same manner as in Example 1. On the primer coating film, a FEP powdery surface coating was coated to the thickness of 1 mm and examined for peeling strength in the same manner as in Example 1.
The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________ Composition of ingredients Primer (mole) Comp. A-3/Comp. B-4 Peeling strength Water H2 MoO4.H2 O NH4 OH H3 PO4 SiO2 (wt./wt.) (kg/cm)__________________________________________________________________________Example 4 53 1 3 5 3.7 100/155 6-7Example 5 53 1 3 5 5.5 85/140 8-9Example 6 53 1 5 6 4.4 100/184 8-9Example 7 53 1 5 6 4.4 100/280 6-7Example 8 53 1 5 8 6 50/107 3-4Example 9 53 1 3 7 5.2 100/190 3-4Example 10 53 1 7 7 8 60/128 4Example 11 44 1 2.5 4 4.4 100/124 4-5.5Example 12 44 1 2.5 4 3.2 70/138 5-5.5Example 13 177 1 10 15 15 50/120 4.2-4.8Example 14 177 1 10 15 12 50/70 5-6Example 15 177 1 8 13 14 50/100 2-3Comparative 53 1 5 0.5 4.4 100/280 1-2Example 9Comparative 53 1 5 6 0.7 100/280 0.5-1Example 10Comparative 53 1 5 30 4.4 100/280 1-2Example 11__________________________________________________________________________
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4017315 *||Jun 27, 1975||Apr 12, 1977||Amax Inc.||Molybdate-phosphate corrosion inhibiting pigment|
|US4021395 *||Jun 5, 1975||May 3, 1977||E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company||Aqueous dispersion of an aryloxysulfone copolymer|
|US4150008 *||Aug 2, 1977||Apr 17, 1979||E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company||Fluorocarbon polymer-pigment coating compositions stabilized against discoloration|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4898779 *||Dec 21, 1987||Feb 6, 1990||Daikin Industries Ltd.||Powders of tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and process for preparing the same|
|US4977221 *||Dec 28, 1989||Dec 11, 1990||Daikin Industries, Ltd.||Powders of tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and process for preparing the same|
|US6172139 *||Nov 2, 1993||Jan 9, 2001||World Properties, Inc.||Particulate filled composition|
|US6187851 *||Jun 24, 1999||Feb 13, 2001||Ausimont S.P.A.||Surface protective layer for materials|
|US20070207273 *||Feb 21, 2007||Sep 6, 2007||Jeffrey Todd English||Rapid drying of fluoropolymer dispersion coating compositions|
|CN101638780B||Jul 28, 2008||May 18, 2011||比亚迪股份有限公司||Magnesium alloy phosphorization solution and magnesium alloy surface treatment method|
|WO2007103228A1 *||Mar 1, 2007||Sep 13, 2007||E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company||Rapid drying of fluoropolymer dispersion coating compositions|
|U.S. Classification||524/406, 524/415, 524/417, 524/492, 523/101, 524/428|
|International Classification||C08K3/24, C08L27/00, C09D127/12, C08K3/32, C09D5/08, C08K3/36, C08L27/12, C08K3/00, C23C22/42, C08K3/28, C08L1/00, C08K3/22|
|Cooperative Classification||C09D5/08, C09D127/12, C23C22/42|
|European Classification||C09D127/12, C09D5/08, C23C22/42|
|Sep 24, 1982||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: DAIKIN KOGYO CO., LTD. NO. 1-12-39, UMEDA KITA-KU,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:YOSHIMURA, TATSUSHIRO;TOMINAGA, SHIGETAKE;REEL/FRAME:004048/0541
Effective date: 19820917
Owner name: DAIKIN KOGYO CO., LTD., JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:YOSHIMURA, TATSUSHIRO;TOMINAGA, SHIGETAKE;REEL/FRAME:004048/0541
Effective date: 19820917
|Nov 22, 1988||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 6, 1993||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Aug 24, 1993||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19930606

domain: chemistry


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text:
Sigh. At a time when it seems racial tensions in America couldn’t run much higher, we keep hearing of more and more instances of everyday racism. And sadly, even your local shopping mall can be the scene for some such awfulness.
Jovita Jones Cage was recently banned from her local Victoria’s Secret store for… well, absolutely nothing, it seems. Whilst visiting her local store in Collierville, Tennessee to have the security tag removed from a bra she had recently purchased (from the very same store) which had accidentally been left on, Jones suffered some horrendously offensive racial profiling. After original receipts were found and the tag removed, Jones left the bra with the cashier to browse some other merch before leaving.
And that’s when it happened. An actual police officer approached her, put her in handcuffs, and told her to put “both of my hands behind my back, because I was under arrest for shoplifting.” After searching her bag, and realizing no such shoplifting had occurred, he escorted out and informed her she was banned from returning to the store. Presumably, the employee who’d served her had called the police, and to Jones Cage, the reason seems obvious. “I think it was for the simple fact that I was black.” And quite understandably, the incident had her pretty shook, crying, and feeling “traumatized,” she said, speaking to WREG on her experience.
After contacting Victoria’s Secret’s corporate head office with a complaint, she was offered nothing but an apology and a $100 gift card. Scant amends for such a violating and degrading incident. She also contacted the NAACP (National Association for the Advanced of Colored People), to bring some attention to her case.
She quite rightly stated, “They’re going to have to do more,” adding that, “I want justice not only for me, but for people everywhere. I hope after this, other victims of racial profiling will come forward. It’s solidarity… It’s about everyone being treated fairly.”
The company released the following statement in response, expressing contrition, adding that the employee responsible had been fired: “We are sincerely sorry for the experience Ms. Jones Cage had in our store. Bottom line, we made a mistake, and we do not tolerate this behavior. Our head of stores has been trying to reach Ms. Jones Cage to personally apologize for her experience. Victoria’s Secret is adamant that all customers be treated with dignity and respect. We have investigated the matter, and the associate involved is no longer employed with our brand. In addition, we are meeting with every associate in the store to reinforce our values and policies. We are committed to delivering an excellent shopping experience to every customer, every time… we have work to do — and we are dedicated to this mission.” Strong words, sure, but only time will tell if this will be backed up by meaningful, committed action.
The incident brings to mind another recent case of racial profiling by a globally known brand. Back in April, two young black men waiting for a business meeting in a Philadelphia Starbucks, were arrested after staff called the police on them, for supposedly trespassing, after they didn’t immediately order drinks. The coffee giant soon announced plans for a nationwide staff training in anti-racial-bias. It’s better than throwing money at the problem, or worse, doing nothing, but sad that it’s necessary. Hopefully, in bringing attention to such shameful behaviour, we can become more aware of everyday racism, and bolder in defying it.

domain: news


text:
Asia’s first LEGOLAND Water Park opens on 21 October 2013 at Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia. It is also the largest LEGOLAND Water Park in the world and comes a year after the opening of the LEGOLAND Malaysia Theme Park in 2012.
LEGOLAND Water Park Malaysia
The Water Park is targeted at families with young children and is fully LEGO-themed. Attractions at the new Water Park include a DUPLO Splashing Safari for toddlers, a Build-A-Raft lazy river, wave pool and, of course, exciting water slides.
A feature of the Water Park is the level of interactivity that attractions provide visitors. Multiple rider water slides including Red Rush, Twin Chasers and Brick Blaster, allow parents and children to enjoy the rides together. The Imagination Station Attraction allows kids to play with DUPLO blocks along a water channel, and Build-A-Raft River encourages play while floating along.
Story continues below
6 Reasons Parents And Parents-to-be Should Visit The New Mothercare Experience Store At HarbourFront...
Speaking at the opening of the LEGOLAND Water Park, John Jakobsen, Managing Director of LEGOLAND Parks for Merlin Entertainments, said, “It’s incredibly exciting to be celebrating the expansion of LEGOLAND Malaysia and the opening of the Water Park is a major milestone in the transformation of LEGOLAND into a Resort – the perfect location for a family short break.”
Admission to the LEGOLAND Water Park requires a separate admission ticket from the neighbouring LEGOLAND Theme Park.
1-Day admission prices to the Water Park are RM105 (S$42) for adults, RM85 (S$33) for children between 3 and 11, and RM10 (S$4) for toddlers.
1-Day and 2-Day Combo tickets to both the LEGOLAND Water Park and Theme Parks, and Annual Passes are also available.
LEGOLAND Hotel Malaysia in 2014
The LEGOLAND Hotel is scheduled to open in early 2014, allowing families the choice of staying at the resort and enjoying both the Water Park and Theme Park over separate days. The 249-room hotel will be themed to allow guests to experience playing a Pirate, commanding a Kingdom or embarking on an Adventure. Interactive LEGO features will be found throughout the Hotel’s themed room and play areas. LEGOLAND Hotel guests will even get exclusive early access to selected LEGOLAND rides before the Park opens.


text:
Ken Poyner often serves as unlikely eye-candy at his wife’s powerlifting meets. His latest collection of brief fictions, Constant Animals
, can be located through links on his website at www.kpoyner.com
. He has had recent work out in Analog
, Poet Lore
, Sein Und Werden
, and a several dozen other places, both in print and on the web.


text:
LIGHT AND TIME IMAGING
The first in a series or events we'll be running at the Village Underground, to raise funds for the Bridges Across Borders project in Bosnia Herzegovina.
Trans-Siberian March Band
The Dirty Rich
Fedka the Irritant
Please help support the project. To make a donation visit:


text:
News Round Up: Bankers for Net Zero, Downing REIT, GPIF, and more
ESG in Fixed Income Europe 2020 conference round up
Environmental Finance's ESG in Fixed Income Europe 2020 virtual conference ended after two days of panels, speed networking sessions, and discussion groups.
Hiro Mizuno: PG&E collapse helped focus fixed income investors on ESG
ESG in Fixed Income Europe 2020 conference: The collapse of Californian utility PG&E helped focus fixed income investors on environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues, delegates heard.
GPIF’s green bond investments surpass $1bn
Japan’s Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) has grown its portfolio of green bond investments to more than $1 billion – less than half a year after it first bought green notes.
GPIF to invest in more CAB bonds to boost standardisation
Japan's Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) is to invest in "larger amounts" of climate awareness bonds (CABs) and sustainability awareness bonds (SABs) from the European Investment Bank (EIB) and help boost standardisation, an EIB spokesman said.
GPIF: ESG's Hiro
Japan's GPIF has embraced ESG integration. Elena K. Johansson looks at the evolution of its strategy
GPIF invests in its first green bonds
Japan’s Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) has bought its first green bonds, snapping up a $500 million deal from the World Bank Group.
GPIF driving dramatic increase in Japanese ESG disclosure, says MSCI
A five-fold increase in Japanese companies’ environmental, social and governance (ESG) -themed disclosure has been driven by the Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF), according to MSCI.
Japanese government releases TCFD guidance
The Japanese Ministry of Economy and Trade (METI) has set out to spur support for the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), by issuing guidance on how to apply its recommendations.
GPIF selects Nissay Asset Management for ESG disclosure research
Japan's Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF), the largest pension fund in the world, has selected Nissay Asset Management (NAM) to conduct research into the disclosure of corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) information.

domain: finance


text:
G7 members have agreed to set a price cap on Russian oil in a bid to crack down on Moscow's ability to finance the war in Ukraine.
Finance ministers said the cap on crude oil and petroleum products would also help lower global energy prices.
The limit will be set at a level based on a series of technical data, the BBC reports.
"We will continue to stand with Ukraine for as long as it takes," the G7 said.
Russia said it would stop selling oil to countries that imposed price caps.
"Companies that set a price cap will not be among the recipients of Russian oil," Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said.
The G7 (Group of Seven) consists of the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan.
The group is an organization of the world's seven largest "advanced" economies, which dominate global trade and the international financial system.
In their virtual meeting, the finance ministers said the oil price cap plan was "specifically designed" to reduce Russian revenues and its ability to "finance its war of aggression".
They also said they wanted to minimize the damaging economic consequences of the conflict, "especially in low- and middle-income countries."
The introduction of a price cap on Russian oil means that countries that sign up to the policy will only be allowed to buy Russian oil and oil products transported by sea that are sold at or below the price cap.

domain: politics


text:
Microsoft announces XBLA Awards
Written by John Scalzo on 01/22/08
Microsoft to honor the best downloadable games at GDC in February.
Free game on XBLA next week: Undertow
Written by John Scalzo on 01/18/08
Microsoft makes their 'I'm sorry' move.
XBLA scares up Mutant Storm Empire this week; end of 2007 XBLA schedule released
Written by John Scalzo on 10/29/07
Lots of Xbox Live Arcade goodness is coming during the rest of the year.
Undertow announced for Xbox Live Arcade
Written by John Scalzo on 04/24/07
Battles on the high seas coming to a 360 near you.
Discuss This Game in the Forums

domain: entertainment


Here’s a look at the affairs that resulted in wedlock between actors and cricketers over the last 50 years.
Love stories between cricket and Bollywood continue to charm us — right from the time when the late Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi married yesteryear film star and heart-throb of the nation, Sharmila Tagore, in the late 1960s to now, when Virat Kohli and Anushka Sharma are set to tie the knot at a glamorous destination wedding.
Even in 1996, when former Indian captain Mohammad Azharuddin and actress Sangeeta Bijlani got married, it got widespread media attention, especially since the cricketer had divorced his first wife Naureen. Azharuddin and Sangeeta eventually decided to part ways 14 years later. Meanwhile, former Indian all-rounder Manoj Prabhakar also divorced his wife, Sandhya, to marry the ’90s Bollywood actress Farheen; the couple currently reside in Delhi.
Most recently, we witnessed the grand wedding ceremonies of cricketers Harbhajan Singh and Yuvraj Singh. While the specialist spin bowler married actress Geeta Basra in 2015, Yuvi got hitched to British-Mauritius model and actress Hazel Keech in November last year. Also, former Indian left-arm pacer Zaheer Khan recently got engaged to Sagarika Ghatge of Chak De! India fame and the pair are set to get married soon.
This phenomenon of cricketer-celebrity marriage isn’t prominent in India alone. Former Pakistani cricketer, Mohsin Khan, married Indian actress Reena Roy, but the two divorced later. Swashbuckling English batsman Kevin Pietersen got hitched to former Liberty X singer Jessica Taylor, and former South African skipper Graeme Smith was married to Irish pop singer Morgan Deane for five years and seven months before getting divorced.
The starry-eyed couple, Virat and Anushka’s romance has been the talk of Bollywood for a while now. Their devotion to each other despite their chaotic schedules has been noted by the industry as well as team India, which has played cupid to many a romantic couple over time. And, on this happy occasion, Virat’s fans are surely hoping that the marriage could prove lucky for the player who’s set to conquer all batting records.


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In light of recent events and recent emails, I think it’s important to look at who is going negative in the Democratic primary. Remember we are ultimately all on the same team. Vote Blue No Matter Who.
Last night, I was asked a question about how many times Pete Buttigieg called out another candidate by name. Of course, I couldn’t stop at just one candidate, so I wrote a whole Medium piece on my findings.
Kamala Harris sent more than 3 emails a day this week, with a whopping 22 emails total. Joe Biden and Julian Castro came in second place with 21 emails each, while Cory Booker trailed behind at just 18 emails.
With the most crowded Presidential debate in our country’s history, Tuesday was the busiest day of the week. I myself was exhausted trying to keep up with all of the emails. There was some sustained energy on Wednesday as the campaigns recapped the debate, and they took a breath on Thursday before building back up for the weekend push.
Very few candidates closed their goals this week. Elizabeth Warren missed both of her debate-night fundraising goals of either 20,000 donations or 7,500 new donors, however, Andrew Yang achieved his goal of 40,000 donations by debate night, and Amy Klobuchar blew her $100,000 goal out of the water, raising over $1.1 million in the 24 hours after the debate. Tulsi Gabbard also announced that she had exceeded her end-of-quarter goal of 40,000 new donors by the FEC deadline.
It’s because of your support — and the support of tens of thousands of other Tulsi supporters just like you — that as of this week’s FEC public filing deadline we not only met but exceeded our end of quarter fundraising goal of 40,000 new donations. That brings us to more than 180,000 unique grassroots donors powering our small but mighty, and growing, campaign.Caitlin for TULSI2020
I do want to call attention to her wording. “As of this week’s FEC public filing deadline…”
The FEC deadline for end of quarter was September 30, but campaigns had until October 15 to turn in their numbers. Gabbard exceeded her end-of-quarter goal… as of this week? I’m not entirely sure if I should interpret this to mean that she didn’t actually achieve her end of quarter goal before the end of Q3 or if it means that she’s only announcing it now because the public filing deadline has passed.
Either way, 180,000 grassroots donors is more than enough for the November debates. Gabbard just needs the polls now.
Unfortunately for Gabbard, her popularity may have taken a beating. This past week, Hillary Clinton came out with a comment that someone in the Democratic primary is being groomed by Republicans and favored by Russia to upset the 2020 elections. Gabbard lost her cool and ranted on Twitter and via email. While Marianne Williamson and Andrew Yang defended Gabbard, and one of Bernie Sanders’ staffers has come out on strong short of Gabbard (not necessarily speaking for Sanders himself), Amy Klobuchar, Kamala Harris, Julian Castro, Cory Booker, and Pete Buttigieg all gave some comment along the lines of “I’m not getting into this.” Beto O’Rourke was asked a specific question (is Tulsi being groomed?) and basically said no, absolutely not, which was then taken out of context to make it sound like a defense, but he later clarified that he, like most of the others, is not greeting into it. (These are just the instances that have been brought to my attention, and I’d be fascinated to hear how other candidates are weighing in on the situation.)
In interest of complete transparency: I believe Hillary Clinton. The facts and analyses I have been privvy to show a lot of very questionable things about Gabbard and a lot of support of her from very questionable people and groups, such as Steve Bannon, David Duke, Tucker Carlson, and Russia Today. She was in consideration to be part of Trump’s cabinet, and a lot of her talking points echo those of Russia’s policies.
Furthermore, she never said she wasn’t helping Russia. It reminded me of the time when Trump, instead of saying he wasn’t a sexual abuser, instead said “she’s not my type.”
Plenty of people have been holding up Gabbard’s military credentials as proof that she couldn’t be helping Russia. I hold up in return convicted felon General Flynn.
But enough about Gabbard. While her vitriol toward Clinton and the establishment smearing her (even before the podcast) takes up a lot of the negativity toward Democrats, Michael Bennet has also been getting digs in toward the establishment blocking him from the stage. So too has Steve Bullock and Marianne Williamson.
While Cory Booker expressed his disappointment at the missed opportunity for the Democratic party to show their values on the debate stage, Bernie Sanders lashed out specifically at Joe Biden for criticizing Medicare for All, and Julian Castro…
Well, first Castro went after Pete Buttigieg for his “pocket change” comment in a Snapchat interview.
Recently there’s been a lot of talk about the value of grassroots donations to Presidential campaigns – another candidate even called them “pocket change” and said that we “aren’t going to defeat Donald Trump” without catering to major donors.
This campaign is fueled by more than 175,000 individual donors from this so called pocket change.
So far this month, our average donation online has been $15. This is personal for me.
My path to this moment didn’t begin with me. It began when my grandmother, Victoria, came to the United States at seven years old. She never made it past the fourth grade, but worked hard for low wages for her family and passed on the values of hard work and perseverance. My mother, Rosie, grew up to become a strong Chicana activist, educator and single mom to myself and my twin brother Joaquin. She taught me that if you want to make a change in your community, you don’t wait— you work hard. That is how she became the first Chicana to run for San Antonio City Council.
$15 isn’t just pocket change – it’s what so many have fought for as the hourly living wage. I believe that we need to unrig our broken economic system so that it works for the people at the bottom as well as it does for those at the top. For years, working families have been asked to pay more and more, while the 1% reap the benefits. This is why I have advocated for raising the minimum wage to $15 and joined the “Fight for 15” protests by fast-food workers across the country, who are fighting for a living wage and safe working conditions.
I am proud that my campaign had one of the lowest average contribution amounts of any of the major Presidential campaigns last quarter. This shows that Americans from all walks of life believe in our message and our vision of putting people – not corporations – first and are giving whatever they can spare to help us spread our message.
It is no secret that my campaign is not the favorite of hedge fund millionaires on Wall Street. But that’s ok, because it’s not their support I’m after. I have pledged to reject any help from PACs, special interest groups, and lobbyists, because I know their corruptive influence is not in the best interests of our country. It may hurt our fundraising, but I don’t care because I have the support of people like you instead, and that’s all I need.
He then lashed out at Tom Steyer for buying his way on stage in several emails.
When I take the debate stage in a few minutes, I need you to remember this:
I’m not a billionaire like other candidates on that stage.
I didn’t spend $17 million from my own pocket to meet the requirements.
I earned my spot on the debate stage because you believed in me. You had my back. And you sent me there to fight for you.
That’s exactly what I intend to do.
I’m humbly asking for one last favor before I take the stage: Will you have my back with $5? Let’s show the strength of this incredible movement.Julian Castro
Let me be perfectly blunt with you.
I’m fighting for a spot in the next debates, and I might not make it.
Because of the DNC rules, it’s possible for billionaires like Tom Steyer to flood the race with $47M of their own money and buy their way onto that stage.
I wasn’t born into wealth. You shouldn’t have to be born into privilege to become President. And I refuse to take a cent from corporate PACs. It would mean so much to me to have your $5 to make the next debate instead. This moment is so critical, your generous gift will be matched until midnight. >>
Not everyone has the luxury of growing up a frontrunner. But because of your support, I’ve been able to make each debate stage.
But I don’t have billions in personal wealth to fund my presidential race.
What I do have is an understanding of what it’s like to struggle — and a powerful vision to lift up folks struggling across this country.
So I’m calling you to action — I only need 1 more gift from [ZIP CODE] before midnight to have a historic debate response and show that someone with my background deserves an equal shot at President.
Can I count on your immediate $5 to earn my spot at the next debate?
This moment is so pivotal, every generous gift will be matched until midnight.
I know every dollar is precious to you. I wouldn’t ask if this wasn’t the biggest test our movement has ever faced.Julian Castro
He even added in a dig at the “establishment” while hitting at Steyer.
I need you to make a critical choice before midnight:
We can either sit back and let the establishment cut us from the running.
Or we can rise up, secure our spot in the next debates, and prove that our movement is here for the long haul.
I only need 467 more supporters to chip in before midnight to fully fund my first TV ad in Iowa, secure the polls I need to make the next debates, and prove everyone who ever doubted us wrong. Can I count on your critical $5? >>
Frankly, I don’t have billions in personal wealth to blanket the air with TV ads to make the next debate.
But I would never forgive myself if I allowed us to be cut from the running because I didn’t ask for your help.
I only need 467 gifts before midnight to have a historic debate response, fund my first Iowa TV ad, and make the next debates. Can I count on you?Julian Castro
He actually sent his second Steyer email out again, just in case I missed it the first time, and then followed it up with an accusation of Democrats allowing child separation at the border.
My immigration plan to END family separation shaped the first debates — now candidates are backtracking and claiming we should accept less from Republicans. I need 50,000 signatures-strong before midnight to show that we will NEVER accept an immigration system that allows children to be jailed on our border. Add your name next to mine. >>
I just can’t ignore this:
Other Democrats running for President backed my plan to end family separations at the first debate.
But now? Some of these same Democrats are quietly backtracking and claiming we should accept less.
Let me make one thing perfectly clear.
Separating babies from their mothers at our border, locking them in cages, then allowing them to die in our custody should NEVER happen in this country.
This fact is not up for debate.
I’m asking for a powerful surge of support — 50,000 signatures before midnight — if you agree we need an immigration policy that will stop a president from EVER jailing children at our border again. >>
Thank you for your voice in this fight.Julian Castro
He then went back to hitting at Pete Buttigieg again, with the gumption to start by saying that how a candidate campaigns is a reflection of their values.
The way we campaign is a reflection of our values.
While some candidates dismiss the power of grassroots support in favor of wealthy donors, I am proud that my campaign has the highest percentage of grassroots donors of any candidate.
I know that the reason so many working folks support my campaign is because I have focused on issues that matter to them.
While other campaigns focused on attacking bold ideas and the frontrunners in the last debate, I was the only one to highlight police violence, the shooting of Atatiana Jefferson, and I was the only candidate to point out the hypocrisy of letting ISIS fighters run free in Syria while keeping innocent children in cages at our southern border.
I was disappointed to hear today that Mayor Buttigieg accepted a maximum donation and planned to attend a fundraiser co-hosted by the former city attorney in Chicago who worked to make sure the public never got to see the footage of police killing 17-year-old Laquan McDonald. I applaud Mayor Buttigieg for returning the contribution, but at a time where police violence remains such a critical issue, it shouldn’t take four months to return such a problematic contribution.
My campaign has always put people first.
When I began this race, I didn’t go to Iowa or New Hampshire, I went to San Juan, Puerto Rico, to tell our fellow citizens there that, if elected president, I wouldn’t forget them.
I visited the storm drain tunnels under the Las Vegas strip that provide shelter to people struggling with homelesness.
And I crossed the border to Matamoros, Mexico, to see the devastating consequences of Donald Trump’s Remain in Mexico policy.
It’s no secret that my campaign hasn’t raised as much as some of the other campaigns in this race — I’ve refused to accept money from corporate (or any) PACs, and federal lobbyists and I will NOT compromise my principles. This campaign belongs to you and no matter what, I will continue to focus on the issues that matter and the communities that have often been left behind.
Contribute today if you believe in this vision and agree that this is how campaigns should be run:Julian Castro
And then he finished with another dig at Tom Steyer and his money.
I’m asking for a swift and powerful surge of support. Here’s why: I’m fighting for a spot in the next debates against self-funding billionaires who are buying their way on that stage. Can I count on your immediate $5 to qualify for the next debates and show the strength of our movement? I need 385 gifts before midnight. >>
I didn’t hold anything back on the debate stage.
I fought for your family like you were my own.
I fought for kids trapped in cages like they were my daughter and son.
I fought for communities targeted by police violence like it was my hometown.
Your fight will always — always — be my fight. But right now, I need you to fight for me.
I’m fighting for a spot in the next debates against billionaires who are buying their way on that stage.
I need a massive surge of support — 385 more gifts before midnight — to qualify for the next debates and pull off this historic upset.
I’m counting on your $5 more than you know:Julian Castro
At least the other candidates going negative are keeping their focuses narrow and sharp. Gabbard hates being smeared. Bennet, Bullock, and Williamson are upset they aren’t qualifying for the debate stage. Sanders doesn’t like that Biden doesn’t like his plan.
Castro seems to be swinging around to see what he can hit.
He’s absolutely right, though: the way a candidate campaigns does reflect their values. And that’s why I can’t support someone with a negative attitude as the my preferred nominee.
The topic of the week was so overwhelmingly Debate that it’s not even worth putting the chart up. However, there were a lot of non-donation asks.
Cory Booker asked for relief funds to be sent to California, which is once again on fire.
Our friends in California are experiencing severe wildfires, leaving catastrophic impacts on those who live there.
We can’t accept these extreme weather events as a new normal. Right now, tens of thousands of people are being forced to evacuate their communities, losing their homes, and are getting exposed to unhealthy air. This is a story we hear too often out of California, which finds itself on the frontlines of the climate crisis.
And we cannot forget the courageous first responders who are risking their lives to protect lives and property, and put out these fires. These brave firefighters, police officers, EMS personnel, and other first responders are true heroes among us.
As a country, we have to address the conditions that make these fires so prevalent and dangerous. We need to take immediate action to accelerate the end of our reliance on fossil fuels. We need climate action now.
Thanks for stepping up for our fellow Americans in their greatest time of need.Cory Booker
It was an ask like this one, I believe for flood relief, that triggered my one and only political donation before this election cycle: $5 to Obama in 2012. I remember appreciating so much that he was asking for me to help someone other than himself. I’ve tried to make a point of calling out whenever a candidate does this–Beto O’Rourke is still leading for most “outside” donation asks.
There were quite a few “Other” asks this week as well. Pete Buttigieg was going to do a video AMA and was asking people to send in their questions (the video has not been released yet). Andrew Yang also did an AMA on Friday, 10 hours long, so he too was asking for questions. Elizabeth Warren wanted to hear from her donors why they donated, so she asked them to share their stories with her, while Marianne Williamson had a supporter write an email explaining her support and offered to let us write one as well, if we submitted outlines to her. Finally, today is Kamala Harris’ birthday, so her campaign was trying to get a card signed.
I do like the “Other” asks the best. They are usually so creative compared to the usual “give me money,” “sign my petition,” or “take my survey/poll.” Honestly, I hate the campaigns asking me what their campaign strategy should be. If I had any skill in designing campaign strategy, I’d be actually, you know, working on a campaign. “What issues are important to you?” is another survey I hate answering. All of them. I want to hear about all of the issues. I want to hear about what issues the candidate feels are the most important, because that’ll tell me where they’ll put their priorities.
And yes, if enough people take these surveys, they could influence a campaign into focusing more on automation or climate change. However, I still want to elect a leader who doesn’t need my feedback to govern effectively and in a way I approve of. (Yes, I want a mind reader. Or just a good person. Basically the same thing, for me.)
My favorite email of the week, though, was a simple info email from Tim Ryan. His was the only campaign that addressed this tragic news event of the past week via email. This was also the only email his campaign sent out this week.
Today, our nation mourns the loss of a man whose compassion and fearlessness inspired so much of the good around us. A man whose unrelenting fight for justice and equality paved the way for decades worth of progress. A man, friends, who poured his heart and soul into the betterment of our country and the advancement of our most sacred principles.
Representative Elijah Cummings was more than just a congressman. He was a fighter — an inspiration — a hero. His work to protect and expand civil rights, safeguard our democracy, and give a voice to the voiceless will not soon — if ever — be forgotten. Not for us, and certainly not for the millions of American lives he touched with his immense wisdom and generosity.
He rose to every occasion and showed the rest of us what it meant to be a leader. I was fortunate to work alongside him in the House. I will never forget his kindness, the fierce passion for the American people, and his unwavering dedication to furthering liberty and justice for all.
Congressman Cummings never stopped fighting to make sure that future generations would have access to the same opportunities as he did. His contributions in the House are too plentiful to begin to count — his contributions as an American even greater. We will remember him forever.
With admiration,Tim Ryan
In light of Ryan’s emails, I’d like to continue on to a special edition of…
Presidential elections aren’t the only important elections, and presidential candidates aren’t the only candidates who can have good (or bad!) emails. If you get any emails that you feel are brilliant, you can forward them to me at email@example.com. I’ll try to highlight ones worth your attention!
Tim (not the candidate) sent me an email from the DNC’s official email account.
Yesterday, I woke up to the tragic news that my friend and mentor Elijah Cummings is no longer with us. I have been fearing this moment for some time, and I hoped that Elijah would follow in the footsteps of his namesake. Elijah, the prophet of the Old Testament, was a miracle worker, and I prayed that a miracle would restore my friend to good health.
But now my heart is broken. Elijah Cummings was the moral compass of Maryland politics. He was the conscience of Congress. And he reminded us regularly that the test of a man is not how much he helps himself, but how much he helps those less fortunate.
Elijah passed that test with flying colors. Wherever he went, his North Star was helping people, especially those in the shadows. And his legacy runs deep — from the neighborhoods of Baltimore to the halls of the House.
I woke up yesterday with a mix of grief and gratitude. Grief for what we’ve lost; gratitude for all he gave us. Elijah Cummings was one of a kind. He was a man of great conscience and character. A man who never faltered in the face of injustice, who never backed down from fighting for what was right. He leaves us with a broken heart but a better world.
Here’s my tribute to an American hero. I hope you’ll give it a read.Tom Perez, Chair, Democratic National Committee
As Tim pointed out, and as Tim Ryan also wrote, these men seem to be sharing a genuine admiration and grief with us. Congressman Cummings was an incredible man, a powerful man, and a good man. His voice will be greatly missed.
It is worth calling out the simple fact that neither Ryan nor Perez used this opportunity to fundraise. In fact, Tim said that he believed this was the very first DNC email he’s ever received without a donate button.
I think that right there underlines why this election is so important. When we lose a good one, we grieve. When the current President does, he gloats.


text:
|Spa Creek anchorage Annapolis, Maryland|
|Old Barney the Baregat Lighthouse|
|Dawn on Delaware Bay with moon set|
|The Hole in the Wall Tavern|
|Joe reading one of the numerous plaques throughout the town|
Early the next morning the amicable dock master, Buddy Shepard offered to take us grocery shopping at the Redner's Wholesale Market a short distance from the town dock. We provisioned in anticipation of our upcoming week of "dental extravaganza in Annapolis" and I received an appointment confirmation online from Patton Smiles in Annapolis. I felt hopeful and actually looked forward to meeting my new dentist.

domain: geography


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Pure Harvest Smart Farms raises $20.6M Series A funding led by Wafra International Investment Company
Wafra is leading Pure Harvest’s $20.6 million Series A financing round with an initial $10 million capital injection, the first step in a multi-phase regional expansion to deliver sustainably-grown safe, delicious & affordable fresh produce throughout the GCC
Pure Harvest Smart Farms, the region’s leading tech-enabled agribusiness, announced today it has secured a multi-stage investment commitment valued at over USD $100 million with Wafra International Investment Company (“Wafra”), a wholly owned subsidiary of The Public Institution for Social Security, making it the largest-ever agriculture technology investment in the MENAPT region. In connection with the investment in Pure Harvest Smart Farms, Ghazi Al-Hajeri, CEO of Wafra, will join Pure Harvest’s Board of Directors.
The strategic investment from Wafra will drive the Company’s development and deployment of advanced controlled-environment agriculture solutions across the region to sustainably grow premium quality fresh fruits & vegetables—regardless of outdoor climate conditions. Pure Harvest designs, builds and operates high-tech, climate-controlled greenhouse systems that convert the region’s abundant natural sunlight into premium quality, pesticide-free fresh fruits & vegetables. With core innovations in climate management solutions to maximise control of humidity and temperature, Pure Harvest has proven that it can create an optimal growing environment anywhere using substantially less water than traditional forms of agriculture.
“The global need for innovation in agriculture has never been greater. The recent COVID-19 crisis and resulting supply chain disruptions further highlight the need for sustainable local-for-local food production capacity, especially for fresh, nutrient-rich foods. This visionary multi-phase investment commitment from Wafra has given us the resources needed to secure our foothold as a pioneer in controlled-environment agriculture in the Middle East. Together with structured debt financing that we are simultaneously arranging, we will invest Wafra’s funds in growth, key hires, enhancing our technology portfolio, and ultimately to deliver our solution across the region – including in Wafra’s home market of Kuwait.” said Sky Kurtz, Founder & CEO, Pure Harvest Smart Farms.
"Wafra’s investment into Pure Harvest acknowledges the significant potential of controlled-environment agriculture in solving the food security challenges facing the Arabian Gulf region, including Kuwait" Mr. Al-Hajeri said. “The Arabian Gulf food system is undergoing a monumental shift toward a technology-enabled farming model in order to meet consumer demands for affordable, high quality foods. When you combine the local abundance of sunlight with energy & water-efficient climate management systems, the region makes a compelling case as one of the best places in the world for horticulture – a ‘contrarian’ thesis we believe in and that led us to invest in Pure Harvest. We have earmarked USD $100 million to support future expansions should the company continue to perform. We look forward to working alongside Pure Harvest to enhance food security, water conservation and economic diversification by building a more sustainable food future for Kuwait and our entire region,” said Ghazi Al-Hajeri, CEO of Wafra International Investment Company.
Wafra is an asset management firm with assets under management of approximately $6 billion across a variety of investment strategies.
David Scott, Pure Harvest's Chairman, added: "We are absolutely delighted to welcome Wafra into the ranks of our international shareholders. Wafra's investment comes at an exciting time and will allow Pure Harvest to achieve industrial economies of scale as the Company roles out its next generation of advanced greenhouse designs optimised for profitability and sustainability within the MENA region. This investment also demonstrates the caliber and far-sighted acumen of Wafra's leadership, whose actions have placed their institution on the virtuous side of the irresistible macro trends driving explosive growth in technology-enabled agriculture in this region and beyond."
Mahmoud Adi, Cofounder & Director at Pure Harvest and Shorooq Partners added: “We are proud to have backed this venture and its exceptional founding team since inception. At Shorooq, we fundamentally believed in the thesis early-on. Pure Harvest is now a recognised leader that is addressing regional food security at its core. The Company has now grown to such a scale that it is time to seek new investment partners to take it to the next level. Pure Harvest is a unique startup with a massive market opportunity, a proven business model, a capable leadership team, and is quickly becoming a winning story within the region that is so dear to me personally, to Shorooq, and to the UAE. We are extremely pleased to welcome Ghazi and Wafra to the team to support the Company’s next phase of growth.”
Are you a startup looking for investment? Apply for funding to 70+ investors HERE
E-commerce deals in MENA-based startups have tripled from 2016 to 2019. Find out more details behind this trend and many more in our 2019 MENA E-commerce Venture Investment Report HERE


text:
Come on in! Join Pinterest today...it only takes like a second or so.
lights in a barn
Lights that Look like Fireworks!! Love
so simple and beautiful
Make a cake stand stand using dollar plates and glasses. Paint to fit the reception
Lush Tent Wedding Reception | photography by abritandablonde.com/ | floral design by www.mimosaflowers... | event design/styling by www.parasevents.ca/
beach wedding ideas
Half up, half down.
Every bride should have a picture like this...
bride, mother, grandmother
oooooo my goddddd.
bride, mother, grandmother ♥
For kids attending the wedding. Put one of these on each of their plates with a blank card.. "color a card for the bride and groom" this is kind of adorable
It's a long exposure shot with sparklers :) All they had to do was stand there very still and someone else ran around them with a sparkler. it's like a fairy tale!
50 must-have wedding photos. I'll be glad I pinned this one day.
RECEPTION! Put on the gift table. GREAT idea.
Weddings Weddings Weddings
Wedding decorations for every style, budget, and in every color!
Surrounded by the ones you love! Cute!


text:
R. S. Rathore, Piyush Jani and R.S. Patodiya
The present study was undertaken with the objective to study restoration in ecological balance in rain fed area, sustainability in bio-mass production and migration status. Study was conducted in the sub-plan region of Southern Rajasthan in four watershed areas of Banswara and Durgapur district with 30 respondents from each area, thus total 120 were selected. During implementation of NWDP programme maximum employment generation opportunities with MPS of42.91 were generated in the area of soil and water conservation whereas regular employment was observed in agriculture sector.. On the other hand regarding employment generation during & after implementation of programme it was found that marginal farmers were provided maximum employment 36.41 per cent after implementation big farmers were received maximum of 47.97 per cent Though the migration of the people do not ceased completely after implementation of watershed project. However, in long duration migration was checked to some extent.
Keyword: Bio-mass production; Migration; Employment generation; NWDP;

domain: agronomy


§ Mr. FERGUSON
asked the Secretary for Scotland whether his attention has been called to the decision in the Court of Session. Edinburgh, of the 8th August last in the action of suspension and interdict at the instance of the Etna Iron and Steel Company, Limited, v. Alex. Bryden, collector of parish council rates for the parish of Dalziel, and where the Court decerned that under the 37th Section of the Poor Law (Scotland) Act, 1845, the complainer's works, entered in the valuation roll at an annual rental of £1,396, were entitled to a deduction from the said rental of £4,653 13s. 6d., or, in other words, had no assessable value and were not liable to be rated for the support of the poor, education, and other charges leviable by the parish council of the parish; and what steps he proposes to take to have this Section of the Poor Law (Scotland) Act repealed or amended, so that the whole burden of Poor Law relief and charges for education may not be thrown back on the owners and occupiers of house property only?
My attention has been called to the case referred to in which the conclusion of the Court was substantially as stated. The question of the repeal or530W amendment of Section 37 of the Act of 1845 will require to be considered in connection with any general measure of rating reform.


text:
RPG Backtrack Episode 209: The Pokemon Are Restless
Pokémon is such a sprawling series that it contains numerous titles varying from its usual template. We tackled a lot of them in this episode, and while the result may not be comprehensive regarding every Pokémon spinoff, it wasn’t for lack of effort.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Google Podcasts | Android | Email | RSS


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A man found guilty of having a large kitchen knife in public has finally been dealt with by magistrates - nearly six years after it happened.
Michael Sheerin, of Burkes Court, off Dunalley Street, Cheltenham, was convicted of the January 31 2014 offence in January 2015.
He had denied it but was found guilty at a trial at the town’s court in his absence and released on bail.
When he later failed to surrender to the court, a warrant was issued for his arrest.
The matter came back to court on Friday, with the clerk explaining the history and asking 47-year-old Sheerin how he pleaded to a charge of failing to surrender to the court.
After he pleaded guilty, prosecutor Sonia Alford recapped the circumstances which led to the original trial.
She said there had been a fight outside Domino’s Pizza in High Street, Cheltenham and when police arrived, Sheerin could be heard shouting from a flat.
He was hostile towards officers, refused to talk to them and was pacing up and down the street outside the pizza shop.
Two special constables saw him with the knife, Miss Alford said, and it was later found in his flat when police went there.
Defending, Liz Highams said Sheerin had not attended the trial after mistakenly thinking the hearing was to be held at the magistrates’ court in Stroud.
Her client sat in court in a mobility scooter and she said: “He is immobile and effectively housebound. Mr Sheerin is in a much different place now, particularly regarding his health.”
Magistrates ruled that he should forfeit the knife and fined him a total of £435, for the knife offence and for breaching bail.
They decided against handing out a tougher sentence, saying they were treating the possession of the knife in public as an isolated offence and that Sheerin had not offended in the last five years.
They added that imposing a curfew on him would be meaningless because of his restricted mobility.


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Looking for something fun to do with your loveable dog while giving back?
WhenIt's flexible! We'll work with your schedule.
WhereScripps Memorial Hospital La JollaVolunteer Services9888 Genesee Ave., LJ10La Jolla, CA 92037
Scripps Health offers a very special program led by our four-legged therapists -- our pet therapy program. Your canines can contribute to a patient’s quality of life because they provide a sense of peace and purpose. Our pet therapy program uses certified pet therapy dogs to visit and comfort our patients.
Pet therapy volunteers are needed at all the Scripps Hospitals. Once you join us you will select the Scripps Hospital location that is best for you. Most dog breeds and sizes are welcome to volunteeer!
Good Match For
Requirements & Commitment
- Background Check
- Must be at least 15
- Orientation or Training
- 6 months and 100 hours/1 shift a week
- Dogs must be 1 year old/Canine Good Citizen Cert.

domain: pet


text:
Lilliputian sourdough..diagnosis ?
Hello all..Hoping someone can tell me what I might be doing wrong. I pulled my starter
out Friday night, dumped and fed. The next morning it was nice and frothy. I added more flour and water and in the afternoon had frothy, sour tang starter. I used Sourdolady's recipe with the exception of the potato flakes (I didn't have any). I mixed very little, let it rest for 1/2 hour.
Hand kneaded for 10 minutes. Let it rest for 45 minutes. Divided, folded, shaped and into a very cool room overnight. This morning I put them in the oven briefly heated for 45 seconds
with the light on for 4 hours, not much action. They were spreading out..and very little up so
I ended up folding them twice more within 4 hours. When I folded I could see under the surface of the dough nice gas bubbles. Finally at 4 PM..things looked the same so I baked them. I slashed them with no problem..they didn't fall. Visually they look like very nice Lilliputian sourdough
loaves. Nice crust, color and aroma. I haven't cut them because they are still warm, but I'm sure they will be very dense. I have been using whole wheat flour in my starter..could that be the problem? I appreciate all advice...Thank you!!

domain: food


While some candidates on the presidential campaign trail treat paint promises in glittering generalities, President Obama was often quite specific about what policies he’d implement as president, with exhaustive lists of promised policy plans on his much-ballyhooed website.
As part of our ongoing “Promises Clock” feature, we’ve chosen five of these promises to keep an eye on.
We’re building our list off of the exhaustive work done by Politifact’s Obameter. (500-plus promises, and counting!) The five we’ve chosen to highlight are all doable by presidential order, meaning the new administration can’t hide behind the workings of Congress. We're starting each clock on January 20, 2009 at 12 noon, the date and time of Obama's inauguration.
Our top five:
President Obama has issued an executive order to close Gitmo within a year. We will stop the clock once that move is completed.
What other Obama promises would you like us to start the clock on? Drop us a line. Please include a link detailing the promise. The ones we’re looking for a specific, substantive, and achievable. (Specific tax cut pledges would qualify. “Achieving world peace” wouldn’t.)


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Hundreds of people from around Colorado gathered at the State Capitol Sunday, demanding that Polis lift the statewide stay-at-home order.
On Sunday, April 19, Coloradans from around the state gathered at the Capitol to protest Governor Jared Polis's stay-at-home order. Deemed "Operation Gridlock," the demonstration jammed up the streets and filled the west lawn with protesters speaking out against the governor's shutdowns.
Members of the crowd referred to Polis as a "tyrant," and argued that Coloradans should have the right to choose their response to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Their frustrations come in the wake of the state's devastating loss of jobs, causing 232,000 to file for unemployment benefits since social distancing began in mid-March.
Last week, Polis said that he recognizes that current measures are not a sustainable solution, but that reopening will need to be gradual in order to prevent a second wave of the public-health crisis.

domain: sociology


Newsletter #29: scapegoats and a new logo
I suspect that one reason why prison abolition is so hard for many Catholics to grasp is because so many Catholics struggle to face the reality of the clergy abuse crisis.
Happy Tuesday! Here’s what’s in the newsletter today:
The exception and the rule
The scapegoat and prison abolition
A new logo
What I’m reading
The exception and the rule
I recently read a book by an anti-mask political theorist and was struck by a quote within it by a Nazi political theorist, who himself is quoting a nineteenth-century theologian. Well, it turns out that the (unnamed) theologian is Søren Kierkegaard, whose work I actually have yet to read. But I have now read a bit, which I came to in a really weird roundabout way. Anyways, here’s Giorgio Agamben’s quote of Carl Schmitt’s quote of Søren Kierkegaard:
“The exception explains the general and itself. And when one really wants to study the general, one need only look around for a real exception. It brings everything to light more clearly than the general itself. After a while, one becomes disgusted with the endless talk about the general—there are exceptions. If they cannot be explained, then neither can the general be explained. Usually the difficulty is not noticed, since the general is thought about not with passion but only with comfortable superficiality. The exception, on the other hand, thinks the general with intense passion.”
I can’t think of a better example of the above than certain versions of Christian sexual ethics, which prioritize the majority of Christians, and especially those in positions of power and influence, and tend to marginalize those already on the margins. One might also wonder if the scapegoat mechanism plays a role here, as that which helps to preserve the general.
The scapegoat and prison abolition
The scapegoat played an essential function in my recent extended essay on mimetic rivalry. And it also played an important role in a book I recently read, Break Every Yoke: Religion, Justice, and the Abolition of Prisons by Joshua Dubler and Vincent Lloyd. I bought the book, largely because I loved Lloyd’s Black Natural Law. Break Every Yoke was just as radical, but also (by the time I finished it) just as common-sensical.
In the text, Dubler and Lloyd make an argument in favor of abolition, in favor of abolishing the prison system. They argue that one might seek to abolish the American prison system because of its uniquely inhumane structure. But they go further than this, arguing that “caging” human persons in prisons is inherently evil and ought to be opposed, in whatever form.
There are many important threads throughout the book, but here I’ll just briefly trace its consideration of the scapegoat. As early as the introduction, Dubler and Lloyd note that the American prison system functions largely to eradicate poverty by driving the conditions for crime into the parts of society in which the poor dwell, and then pushing the poor into parts of society set aside for them or prisons, trading the poor between the two. Society refuses to address the conditions under which the poor are either driven into crime or are disproportionately targeted by the criminal justice system.
They draw on the work of many writers, thinkers, and activists, including Jason Lydon. Dubler and Lloyd write:
“Lydon describes a 'dangerous sacrificial theology,' with the criminal justice system primarily serving a scapegoat function. Politicians and prison administrators frame the prison as an institution that responds to and addresses violence, brutality, and abuse, but in Lydon's view, prisons merely reroute these pervasive American problems onto the bodies of specially designated victims. 'We have public trials of individuals who have done something terrible, and these people take on the sins of all those who have inflicted harm. In watching these scapegoats be tried, convicted, incarcerated, and experience the many harms and violence of incarceration, survivors of violence are supposed to receive some kind of healing. This, we are told, is 'justice.'' Lydon dissents: the public rituals we tell ourselves are about 'justice' and 'healing' are merely 'spectacles of scapegoating.'"
Prison abolition, for Lydon, Dubler, and Lloyd is about escaping the scapegoat mechanism and facing that we all have a responsibility for the harms in our society, that we cannot merely place the power of those harms onto individuals that we will lock away.
Interestingly, this view is one tied to victim advocacy in many spaces. A purely punitive view of justice is one which privileges the perspective of the perpetrator. It sees the perpetrator as the central figure of the harm, and the one who requires communal response. The victim is set aside, even if our rituals of sentencing suggest otherwise. A truly victim-centered response would not ask how we need to make the perpetrator pay. It would focus more centrally, instead, on what we need to provide the victim to help heal and empower them.
This is also a key issue behind the clergy abuse crisis. One of the most significant failures of Church leaders (after the horrific failure to address the crisis at all) was to focus on the person of the perpetrator, rather than that of the victim. This happened in at least two ways. First, perpetrators were the focus when it came to “healing,” by sending them to “rehabilitation” programs and providing not comparable support for victims. This was during the second phase of the crisis (the first phase being that in which the Church just refused to believe these harms were occurring), where victims were scapegoated as liars, taking upon themselves the sins of their communities and being sacrificed so that the Church might maintain innocence.
Second, as the next phase of the crisis occurred, in which the Church had to face the horrors of the abuses within it, Church leaders needed to find a place in which blame could be placed while preserving its general and essential innocence. When the abuse victims could no longer serve the role of scapegoat because of public outcry, Church leaders then decided to throw all the blame upon the abuser-priests. Certainly, those priests were rightly recipients of blame. But Church leaders sought to place all blame for the crisis upon them, making them into the new scapegoats so that Catholic leaders—and Catholic communities generally—could maintain their own innocence. We could maintain a deluded sense of institutional and communal innocence by making those priests the source, summit, and containment of all evil. Not wanting to face the ways in which we all have played a role in these crises, we drove the power of these evils into the priests that we sent into prisons. We did not change more than we had to. And the victims still did not get what they needed or deserved.
I suspect that one reason why prison abolition is so hard for many Catholics to grasp is because so many Catholics struggle to face the reality of the clergy abuse crisis. If we keep driving others into prison, we can maintain our own sense of innocence.
A new logo
I recently rolled out a new site logo, and have begun using a new name for some of my initiatives. As I’ve developed various spaces, including this site, my Instagram account, my writing workshop, and other initiatives, I’ve found that one concept which holds them together is the concept of “mezzo.” I connect the word to the opening lines of Dante’s Comedy:
Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita
mi ritrovai per una selva oscura,
ché la dirritta via era smarrita.
Midway through the journey of our life
I found myself within a forest dark,
for the straightforward way was lost.
In the context of my writing workshop, The Mezzo Consortium, we are “mezzo” writers, writers who are “halfway,” on a journey, growing and developing ourselves and our writing.
In other spaces, like this site and my Instagram, I’ve found that people often engage because they are also characterized by “mezzo.” Many of you are here because you’re midway, in-between, on a journey. These spaces are often characterized by the holding of tensions, by intersectional identities and concerns, by bringing together people and backgrounds and experiences that don’t tend to find easy coexistence, by working through the mess and continuing forward.
Maybe you realized that the easy answers were the wrong answers, that you or your community had mistakenly thought the journey was complete, until it was upended by something that made you lose “the straightforward way.” You found yourself “within a forest dark,” and you knew that that was exactly where you were supposed to be on your journey. You continue on.
In the logo, the “M” is made of two mountains. That’s been a key image for me. I feel as though my journey is currently one of scaling a mountain, where the top is hidden in cloud cover. I don’t know how far I have to go, but I know I have to keep going. The “M” is also incomplete, with spaces that still need to be filled in. As I’ve shared before, I’m not the expert, and I don’t have everything figured out. I still have a lot to learn. I’m grateful for the many things you all have taught me, and continue to teach me.
Behind those mountains, just on the other side, is the sun. Maybe we can’t see it from our side of the mountain, but we believe it’s there. The sun may be unique to each of us. Maybe for you it’s justice, or liberation, or integration, or self-acceptance. What we share is hope, a commitment to its pursuit, and mutual encouragement. And while that sun may be on the other side of the mountain, it also breaks out of the box that contains us. That’s what we’re working to do.
Expect the identity of this space (and other spaces I manage) to continue to change and develop. The journey is unique to each person. But we can still journey together, scaling the mountain and marking points of danger, sharing where we’ve made mistakes, setting up spaces of safety, and offering a helping hand to those behind us.
What I’m reading…
I just finished My Grandmother’s Hands by Resmaa Menakem, and also The Ethical Slut by Dossie Easton and Janet Hardy. Thoughts on these books to come. You can follow along with my current reads at Goodreads.
Now accepting submissions!
If you like what I’m doing here and want to join in this developing project, I’d love for you to submit an essay, poems, or a short story for consideration. You can learn more here.