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Vision disorders are prevalent in infants and preschoolers. A report of children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years showed that 33% had hyperopia, 22.5% had astigmatism and 9.5% had myopia.1 Also in this age group, 5% had binocular vision disorders, 21.1% had strabismus, 7.9% had amblyopia, 1% had accommodative disorders and 0.5% had retinal problems.1
In addition, children who have poor visual efficiency or lack of refractive correction can have serious learning problems.2 In fact, children who are described as struggling in school are often in need of significant hyperopic, astigmatic or myopic corrections. Corrections to these conditions, in turn, have been shown to make significant differences in classroom performance.2 Studies have also shown that the earlier the visual problem is diagnosed, the better the overall prognosis, as the intervention occurs sooner rather than later.1
For the above reasons, Kentucky passed House Bill (HB) 706, which requires each child in the state to receive a comprehensive eye examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist before starting public preschool, public school or the Head Start Program.3 Since HB 706 passed in July 2000, several other states have followed Kentuckys lead by introducing similar laws. This means that the number of infants and toddlers entering U.S. optometric practices could increase considerably. Also, the American Public Health Association recommends that first eye examination be given at 6 months, then at 2 years and then at 4 years.4
As optometrists, we cannot only reach out to this severely underserved population, but also be prepared for the possible influx of pediatric patients in the coming years.
In this first installment of Review of Optometrys three-part series, Pediatric Practice, Ill discuss the various components of an infant and toddler eye examination.
|The practitioners thumb is a much less intrusive occluder for the young child, and it covers each eye extremely well.|
1. Initial Encounter
While you want to establish a rapport with the childs parent, establishing one with the child is equally important. A child is acute- ly aware of the presence of someone new, and he is used to getting all of the attention. If you ignore the patient in favor of the parent only, the child will likely become afraid and uncooperative.
To begin with, I do not wear a white doctors coat, as many children have had prior uncomfortable, frightening experiences with others who have worn this piece of clothing. I try to establish a connection with my young patients by introducing myself to him or her while making direct eye contact and smiling. (You may want to introduce yourself using your first name and not Dr., as some children are afraid of doctors.)
When you make eye contact and say a few kind words, you not only put the infant or toddler at ease, but you assure the parents that you are comfortable examining their child. One way I make my toddler patients happy and comfortable: I comment on and ask questions about any characters these children often have on their clothing.
Another suggestion: If your patient is a toddler, tell him what he can expect before you conduct any portion of the exam. This helps allay any fears he may have. Keep your explanation brief, as a childs imagination can run wild and cause him to panic. For example, before you seat the child behind the slit lamp, assure him that all he must do is look through the holes and try to see the doctors eyes. Theres no point in going into detail about what you are looking for; the patient will not understand, and he may become frightened. How you interact with the child not only sets the tone of the entire examination; it may actually determine the examinations outcome.
2. Case History
Questions regarding the patients ocular history, medical history, family history, allergies and use of medications are a standard part of any case history. When the patient is an infant or toddler, however, you also must ask questions about the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods, and about the childs developmental history.
One important question to ask the parents: Was your child born at full-term? The answer to this ques- tion is important because premature infants are more likely to be placed on oxygen shortly after birth, which increases their risk for retinopathy of prematurity.5
Because the parent can become so preoccupied with the child during the examination, he or she may not answer your questions accurately. So, you may want to mail or fax a standard questionnaire before the childs appointment to ensure the questions are answered thoroughly and correctly.6
How to Prepare for the
|Here are two additional ways you can prepare for the infant/toddler exam:|
Make sure your office is child friendly. This means you should have plenty of toys, coloring books and perhaps even a television playing the latest G-rated movie.
Have your receptionist schedule appointments when the child will likely be in the best mood. This is often first thing in the morning or right after a nap. This way, you and the parent can avoid fussiness during the infant or childs examination. However, the childs nap or feeding time may come up in the middle of the exam, so be prepared to break. Also, have the parent bring a snack along. C.A.
While visual acuity techniques are quite limited for an infant, we have more choices than we did in the past. You can check acuity using:
A transilluminator or toy. Place one of these engaging targets in your hand, then slowly move the object to see if the baby can fixate and follow with each eye. You can first do this binocularly, then use your hand to cover each patients eye, and assess the fixation monocularly. While this technique cannot give you a numeric visual acuity value, it can help to determine any large visual differences between the eyes.
An optokinetic drum. You can use this device to determine wheth- er there is a cortical visual response. Specifically, you can slowly turn the instrument horizontally and vertically in front of the infant to assess that some vision is getting into the cortex.6,7
To use the optokinetic drum, hold the device with the stripes going vertically in front of the infant. Slowly spin the drum, and look for the infants eyes to show a nystagmus movement. This test only takes a few seconds, and the devices stripes are enough to keep the child focused.
Teller acuity cards. This forced choice preferential acuity test is an accurate way to a more numeric value for the visual acuity of the infant.8,9
Start this test by holding a higher acuity card in front of the infant at 55cm. This card will have black and white stripes on one side and a blank space on the other. (Ideally, you want to perform this test in a room that has nothing in it, so all the infant has to look at are the stripes on the card.)
Look through a small hole in the card to see if the infant looks at the black and white stripes as opposed to the blank space. To determine the threshold acuity value, move through the cards from higher to lower acuity values until the child no longer attends to the task.
Electrodiagnostic testing, such as visual evoked potentials. This is a very accurate way to achieve numerical values for the visual acuity in infants. However, very few optometrists incorporate these devi- ces into their practices, as such testing requires a more elaborate set-up and more advanced training.10,11
LEA acuity cards. The above techniques, particularly the Teller acuity cards, are all possible options for toddlers ages 1 to 3.8,9 But, as the child approaches age 2, she often can do the simple symbol matching techniques of the LEA acuity cards.8,9,12
These cards come in two formats. If the child has enough verbal skills to tell you the differences between shapes, do the following: Place the card with the shapes 10 feet away from the patient. Ask her to tell you what she sees, depending on what you point to. Or, you could have the patient name each object from left to right. (The cards shapes will keep the childs attention.)
If the toddler does not yet have sufficient verbal skills, give her a smaller card that has the same shapes. Then point to an object on the larger card that is located 10 feet away, and ask the patient to point to the same object.
This technique can be time consuming, but it often gives accurate results, and it is the first test that can provide near visual acuity information as well when a near version of the symbol card is used.
Broken Wheel test. Another forced choice test that works well for toddlers is the Broken Wheel test. Most toddlers are familiar with the concept of the wheels on a car, and can often be cajoled into pointing to the broken one.13
|The LEA acuity card, which contains various shapes, is one way you can assess the young patients visual acuity. This patient has been asked to point to the square.|
You assess extraocular motility throughout the examination by direct observation of the childs eyes and by watching his eyes follow moving objects, such as your transilluminator or a small toy. To test extraocular motility, take a toy that is interesting to the child, and move it in front of him. Watch how the patients eyes move, both binocularly and monocularly.
You can easily perform pupil testing by using a bright light and watching the pupil reaction, just as you would for a patient of any age.
Although color vision testing cannot be done on an infant, a two- to three-year-old child may be able to respond to a simple color vision test, such as the Color Vision Made Easy test. The test plates contain a circle on each plate, as well as a star and/or square.14 To perform this test, place the card 16 inches away from the patient. Both his eyes should be open. Then ask him to point to the circle on each card.
5. Binocular Posture
Children often present to the optometrist because strabismus is suspected. So, you want to evaluate binocular posture as thoroughly as possible. Several possible methods for doing this include:
Cover testing. This is the gold standard, and it can be informative. But, use of the appropriate targets is crucial.
To keep the patients attention while performing the cover test, use a small toy or sticker that can engage the child for more than a few seconds. Talk to the patient about the target, and ask him questions about it to keep his attention. Another suggestion: Use your thumb (held close to the childs eye) instead of an occluder to cover each eye. I have found that my thumb is much less distracting to children than a large piece of plastic coming into their view.
Hirschberg/Kappa test. This test should be the next course of action if you are unsuccessful with the cover test.
Perform this test while the child is seated, either by himself or on the parents lap. Hold your transilluminator 33 to 50cm away from the patient, and shine the light at the bridge of his nose. Ask the patient to look at the light. (To keep him focused on the light, put your fingertip at the end of the transilluminator and flash the light randomly.
Note the position of the corneal reflexes in relation to the center of the pupil. Estimate in millimeters the position of the reflex from the center of the pupil for each eye.
Repeat the test with the patient monocular (Kappa), and hold the transilluminator in line with the center of each eye. Compare the results of the binocular (Hirschberg) and Kappa tests to determine the fixating eye.
If the reflex is in the same position under monocular and binocular conditions, then that eye is fixating. A relatively temporal reflex in one eye suggests esotropia. A relatively nasal reflex suggests exotropia. A relatively higher reflex suggests hypotropia of that eye. Finally, a relatively lower reflex suggests hypertropia of that eye. Keep in mind that 1mm of displacement equals 22 prism diopters.
|The young patient looks at the transilluminator during the Hirschberg/Kappa test.|
Bruckner test. This test can objectively assess whether theres possible strabismus by using the ophthalmoscope held at 100cm and comparing the red reflexes. To do this test, dim the room lights, and keep the patient directly in front of you. Hold your ophthalmoscope approximately 1 meter from the patient. Look through the ophthalmoscope so that you can get a clear view of both eyes at the same time. (Having you directly in front of the patient is enough to keep his or her focus.) Compare the fundus reflexes. An eye with a whiter, brighter reflex may be the strabismic eye.
Nearpoint of convergence test. This test, performed with an interesting target, can address the childs gross convergence ability. A child as young as 6 months should be able to perform this test.15 To do this test, have the infant/child look at a detailed target, such as a sticker or toy. (The target must be enticing enough to keep the childs eyes on it.) Move the target toward the patient until you see an eye turn out or the eyes converge all the way to the patients nose.
To evaluate the refractive status of an infant or toddler, perform a retinoscopy, whether undilated or with cycloplegia. There is no specific advantage to doing either one. The use of auto-refractors is not encouraged with this population, as the results are not proven to be accurate.
You can perform traditional distance retinoscopy on an infant or toddler with the help of a DVD or video. For example, I had one patient watch a Sesame Street video. To keep the child still and engaged, I asked him questions about the video depending on what I heard. So, if I heard a new voice, Id ask, Whos that?
|Dr. Allison performs a retinoscopy on this young patient using a loose lens. infants and toddlers are often too small to fit behind the phoropter.|
If you plan to perform a dilated retinoscopy, whether with tropicamide or cyclopentolate, realize that no child likes to receive eye drops. So, you may want to follow these tips:
Use a spray rather than an eye dropper. Children do not like being forced to lie down while the practitioner pries their eyes open.
Do not mention the possibility of pain or stinging. This will only frighten the child into refusing to accept the drop.
Put a drop or the spray into a dolls or stuffed animals eye before you administer the drops to the patient.
Show the patient a sticker or a small toy that he will receive after you administer the drop or spray.
Since the child is usually too small to fit behind your phoropter, use lens racks or loose lenses. Consider per- forming a retinoscopy before and after the dilation whenever possible to improve the accuracy of the results and to ascertain the full amount of hyperopia or astigmatism that may be present. Another method of retinoscopy for the infant or toddler is Mohindra retinoscopy. (See How To Perform Mohindra Retinoscopy.)
How To Perform Mohindra Retinoscopy
| Seat the child comfortably in the center of the room, either by himself or on the parents lap, and occlude one eye. |
Turn off all the rooms lights to ensure total darkness. Encourage the child to focus on your retinoscope light. (The complete darkness of the room will facilitate this, and the small light will get the patients mind off of the dark.)
Perform the retinoscopy at a distance of 50cm from the patient. As with cycloplegia retinoscopy, use loose lenses or sciascopy bars, but do not use the phoropter.
Calculate your gross findings. Add 1.25D to your gross findings to determine the final value. This method can lead to very accurate results as long as you remember to convert his or her findings with a value of 1.25 instead of the usual working distance.16,17
Repeat all of the above on the childs other eye.
7. Anterior Segment Exam and Dilated Fundus Evaluation
The anterior segment evaluation of an infant or toddler can be performed using a number of simple devi- ces. It is no different than the anterior segment evaluation of any patient. The use of a hand-held slit lamp, a Burton lamp or a 20D lens with a light source can give appropriate magnification to observe the details of the anterior segment. If staining of the corneal surface is necessary, you can quickly instill sodium fluorescein and easily view the anterior segment with the cobalt filter on either the hand-held slit lamp or the Burton lamp.
To adequately evaluate the fundus, the child will need to be dilated using either drops or spray.18 For infants younger than age 1, the standard for dilation is one drop of 0.5% tropicamide and one drop of 2.5% phenylephrine. For cycloplegia of the infant, 0.5% cyclopentolate with 2.5% phenylephrine can be used. For toddlers past the age of 1, 1.0% tropicamide or 1.0% cyclopentolate along with 2.5% phenylephrine can be used.19 Some additional pearls on how to administer a drop or spray to the young patient:
Tell the child that the drop or spray will make his eyes glow like a
superheros eyes do (particularly after the use of fluorescein).
Distract him with an entertaining DVD or video.
Talk to the patient about his favorite character in the DVD or video.
The best way to measure intraocular pressure in an infant or toddler is with a hand-held applanation tonometer. You can attempt non-contact tonometry as well; however, the results are often better with a hand-held applanation instrument, as you often cannot fit an infant or toddler into the non-contact tonometer.6
|Dr. Allison performs a retinoscopy using a loose 20D lens, while the young patients head is tipped back into Dr. Allisons lap. This position gives the parent more control of the child, while the child is still comfortable.|
Once youve administered the dilation agents, encourage the child to relax. If the childs naptime is near, allow him to sleep. In fact, you may want to know ahead of time when the patients nap and feeding times are, because a dilated fundus evaluation on a sleeping child, or even a child who is contently sucking a bottle or eating a favorite snack, is quite easy.
The primary goal of the dilated fundus evaluation is to view the posterior pole of both eyes. Views of the peripheral retina should be attempted, but will not always be seen. When performing the dilated evaluation, the infant may be held over a parents shoulder. That way, the parent can hold the childs head still while you prop open the patients eyes. Or the child may sit or lie in the parents lap.
Another effective position: Have the toddler straddle their seated parents waist while the parent tips the childs head back into your lap. This can give you and the parent great control of the child, while the child is still comfortable.
All of the above tests must be done as objectively as possible. While a toddler may be eager to answer your questions about his vision, those answers may not be correct.
There is no doubt that infants and toddlers can be challenging patients. But, by being creative, accommodating and kind, you will not only get the examination results you need, but a happy and trusting child and parent who will not only seek your services in the future, but refer friends and family.
Dr. Allison is an associate professor at the Illinois College of Optometry and is program coordinator for the colleges Binocular Vision and Pediatric Optometry Residency. She is also a diplomate in binocular vision, perception and pediatric optometry of the American Academy of Optometry and a fellow of the College of Optometrists in Vision Development.
Next month: In Pediatric Practice, Part 2, Dr. Allison will discuss how to assess convergence, eye movement and accommodative problems in the school-age child.
1. Scheiman M, Gallaway M, Coulter R, et al. Prevalence of vision and ocular disease conditions in a clinical pediatric population. J Am Optom Assoc 1996 Apr;67(4):193-202.
2. Solan HA, Press LJ. Optometry and learning disabilities. J Optom Vision Dev March 1989; 20:5-21.
3. KY Department of Education: School Eye Exam: Questions and Answers. edueducation.ky.gov/KDE/Instructional+Resources/Early+Childhood+Development/School+Eye+Exam:+Questions+and+Answers.htm 15 January 2005.
4. American Public Health Association. Improving early childhood eyecare. Policy Statement No. 20011. Washington, DC: APHA, 2001.
5. Marsh CS, Marden B, Newsom R. Severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a premature baby treated with sildenafil acetate (Viagra) for pulmonary hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 2004 Feb;88(2):306-7.
6. Rouse MW, Ryan JM. The optometric examination and management of children. In: Rosenbloom AA, Morgan MW, eds. Principles and practice of pediatric optometry. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1990:155-91.
7. Ling W, Gay AJ: Optokinetic nystagmus: a proposed pathway and its clinical application. In Smith JL, ed. Neuro-ophthalmology, vol 4, St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1968.
8. Birch EE, Naegele J, Bauer JA, Held R. Visual acuity of toddlers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980; 20(suppl):210.
9. Spierer A, Royzman Z, Chetrit A, et al. Vision screening of preverbal children with Teller acuity cards. Ophthalmology 1999 Apr;106(4):849-54.
10. Riddell PM, Ladenheim B, Mast J, et al. Comparison of visual acuity in infants: Teller acuity cards and sweep visual evoked potentials. Optom Vis Sci 1997 Sep;74(9):702-7.
11. Prager TC, Zou YL, Jensen CL, et al. Evaluation of methods for assessing visual function of infants. J AAPOS Oct;3(5):275-82.
12. Hyvrinen L, Nsnen R, Laurinen P. New visual acuity test for pre-school children. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1980 Aug;58(4):507-11.
13. McDonald M, Chaudry NM. Comparison of four methods of assessing visual acuity in young children. Optom Vis Sci 1989 Jun;66(6):363-9.
14. Ciner EB. Examination procedures for infants and young children. In: Moore BD, ed. Eye care for infants and young children. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997:85.
15. American Optometric Association. Optometric clinical practice guideline: pediatric eye and vision examination. 2nd ed. St. Louis: AOA, 2002.
16. Mohindra I. A technique for infant vision examination. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1975 Dec;52(12):867-70.
17. Mohindra I, Molinari JF. Near retinoscopy and cycloplegic retinoscopy in early primary grade schoolchildren. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1979 Jan;56(1):34-8.
18. Ismail EE, Rouse MW, De Land PN. A comparison of drop instillation and spray application of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride. Optom Vis Sci 1994 Apr;71(4):235-41.
19. Amos JF. Cycloplegic refraction. In: Bartlett JD, Jaanus SD, eds. Clinical Ocular Pharmacology. 4th ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001:425-32.


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Valve has been working for some time on creating a Linux port of its Steam game and software download service, along with its Source Engine games. A number of weeks ago, the game developer said it had started an internal beta test of the Linux client in its offices.
Now, Valve has opened up their beta to outsiders. A post on the company's official website shows that Valve is letting people take a survey for consideration for testing the Linux Steam client. Of course, users must have a Steam ID already set up to take part in the survey.
Valve isn't just taking anyone off the street. The note says specifically, "We are primarily interested in experienced Linux users." So it appears that, for this round at least, if you don't use a form of Linux regularly, you might be out of luck.
In a previous update, Valve said they got one of their own games, Left 4 Dead 2, up and running on a version of the Linux Ubuntu OS. After some tweaking with the software, Valve said they were able to get the zombie shooter running at 315 frames per second under the Linux OS.
Source: Valve | Image via Valve

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This week I’ve been reading The Djinn in the Nightingale’s Eye, by A.S. Byatt. It’s both the name of a collection of five fairy stories published in 1995, and the title of the last story in that collection. I could discuss the whole book. There’s a lot going on between these pages, but in the interests of brevity, I’ve decided to focus on the title story.
To be picky, this one is probably closer to being a novella than a short story, though since the definitions for either of these modes of writing seem to be flexible who am I to quibble? Besides, for writers who don’t have to confine themselves to competition or submission guidelines, I suppose the whole classification by word-count thing is irrelevant.
What matters is quality. Well, in my humble and only slightly biased (slight being an entirely subjective unit of measurement of course) opinion, each story in this collection is a gem.
The Djinn in The Nightingale’s Eye begins with a traditional fairy-story phrase, and then goes on to list the usual trappings: the dreams that initiate quests, the magical attributes that enable the protagonist to overcome hurdles, and the amazing wonders that materialize along their way.
Once upon a time, when men and women hurtled through the air on metal wings, when they wore webbed feet and walked on the bottom of the sea, learning the speech of whales and the songs of the dolphins, when pearly-fleshed and jeweled apparitions of Texan herdsmen and houris shimmered in the dusk on Nicaraguan hillsides, when folk in Norway and Tasmania in dead of winter could dream of fresh strawberries, dates, guavas and passion fruits and find them spread next morning on their tables, there was a woman who was largely irrelevant, and therefore happy.
Think about it, that ‘Once upon a time.’ It’s ageless, isn’t it? It is the start of a thousand and more tales that trace their lines back beyond the moment of writing to firesides and gatherings all around the world. It’s the link between what got fixed onto pages and the shifting, adapting tales of the traditional bards and storytellers they came from.
Byatt’s narrator first removes our sense of time, and then re-places us, making our view of today slightly aslant. That repeated ‘when’ keeps us aware we are in the past tense, but her choice of images belongs to the near past. Airplanes and scuba diving, the study of marine-life, of the variety of our modern diet, these are things we often take for granted.
How does the fairy-story fit into the modern world? Byatt gives us a protagonist whose ‘business was storytelling.’ She’s an academic, a narratologist:
…whose days were spent hunched in great libraries scrying, interpreting, decoding the fairy-tales of childhood and the vodka-posters of the grown-up world, the unending romances of golden coffee-drinkers, and the impeded couplings of doctors and nurses, dukes and poor maidens, horsewomen and musicians.
If you’ve wondered who reads fairy-tales today, Byatt’s just told us. We most of us do, either through the media or in the pages of our novels. The stories get updated, twisted a little, and that’s good, isn’t it? It makes me feel that writers are still connected to the oral tradition, moulding their material to suit the audience.
This is not just a story about reading, it’s a story about telling. Who tells, how they tell, and what they tell are all included. If you’re someone who believes that fairy-stories are for children, this story might make you investigate further. It is an adult tale, both in form and content, and that’s as much as I’m willing to tell you.
If you’re someone who already enjoys a good tale, and you haven’t stumbled upon this one, then why not set yourself the task of reading it?
If you should be a writer in search of a story, this one might make you look back to some of your childhood favourites for inspiration.

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I KNOW the toll that chronic illness can take on your body. I’ve been there, and I know that the exhaustion that comes from unending pain and sickness is overwhelming. I also know that suffering from a chronic illness causes emotional pain, too – for you and also for your loved ones.
Because of your illness, do you find yourself feeling angry? Whether it’s once in awhile or it’s constant, are you angry that you:
- Miss out on your favorite activities?
- Miss spending time with friends and family?
- Feel exhausted and sick all the time?
- Have an illness that feels like your body is turning against you – or that someone TOLD you your body is attacking itself, only later to learn that is not even true?
- Feel that it’s not fair that you are always struggling?
- Why you’re the only one who has to eat and live differently while everyone else can eat what they want and feel fine?
- Spent thousands of dollars and your life savings on trying the next best thing, to find that it did not help you really feel better?
- Having to constantly explain yourself to others, who cannot understand why you eat the way you do, or worse, make FUN of you?
I can tell you that it is understandable to be angry at your illness. You’re right – It’s NOT fair that you always feel fatigued and hurting. It’s frustrating to give up activities and hobbies because you just don’t feel you can do them. Having an illness can be very isolating, and you have the right to be angry.
However, I want to help you channel your anger in a healthier way. You see, while it is important to be in touch with your feelings and be aware of them, dwelling in negative emotions can have a negative impact on your mental and physical health. While it is okay to feel anger, it can create toxicity in your body. It can make your current health problems worse, by creating adrenaline and cortisol that feeds underlying viruses. Yes, did you know, the most toxic substance to our bodies that feed these viral bugs, is our own toxic adrenaline?
It’s no secret that having constant feelings of anger or stress can worsen health problems like:
- High blood pressure
- Digestive problems
- Clinical depression and anxiety
- Heart disease
- Weakened immune system
- Worsen any underlying pathogenic condition, whether viral or bacterial
Anger is not just getting mad. There are many descriptive emotions connected to anger. There could be resentment, bitterness, irritability, frustration, or even hatred. This is important to know because all emotion is experienced on a spectrum. And the word E-motion means energy in motion. Anger is one of those emotions that has a lot of energy attached to it. If you think about yourself feeling angry or watching someone who is expressing anger, they want to MOVE, or SHOUT, or get physical. Anger is an energy that makes you MOVE. Have you ever had a response from someone on facebook and thought, OMG I will show THEM? You write and your fingers start flying on the keyboard? Again, your anger is making you move. It’s an energy that commands movement.
But what if you did not express anger through shouting, moving or getting physical towards others? What your anger tells you is that something needs to change. The movement created by anger is a movement towards change. And this is the key to creating the most benefit and beauty out of this energy. Anger creates tension in our bodies. And in the presence of tension, we will keep acting, until it is relieved. Sometimes shouting at someone will release the tension in your body so much that you will feel calmer afterwards. You may not feel good about yourself for shouting and the recipient of it certainly won’t feel good either, but you did successfully relieve your tension.
What if I told you there were more constructive ways to channel anger and to relieve the tension it creates? You could try some of the following for immediate relief of tension, that will not create hurt feelings for other people:
Moving your limbs:
- Working out
- Digging in the yard
- Chopping wood
- Playing an instrument (my favourite)
- Hitting pillows in your room or on your bed
- Allowing yourself to scream (make sure you are alone, or others in your living space know what is going on, or go to an isolated place in nature)
Moving the energy mentally:
I know that my anger moved me to take CHARGE of my health. It got me to read, educate, change my food habits and start talking to people about what I was doing and why. And when people questioned me, my anger would help me find a response that would get my point across and still have them be able to hear me.
Anger holds TREMENDOUS power. Anger happens when our boundaries have been crossed and we feel a violation. And the MOVEMENT that anger brings is a movement to change something in your life to protect yourself from the violation of those boundaries.
When I learned about the power of anger, I started to use it successfully to fuel much of my life’s work, relationships and projects in as positive a way as possible. It has caused me to act on things I would never have acted on if I did not realize what I could do with its powerful energy. For a long time, my anger was destructive and it destroyed my life, my health and relationships. And it was only once I understood that it could be used constructively that I was able to use it to change my life.
Here is the first thing I started doing before reacting with anger: I would say out aloud. I am angry. I am pissed. And I ask myself the following:
- What boundary was violated?
- What was disrespected?
- Why are these feelings coming up? (This took years to become aware of, for me. Don’t be hard on yourself if it does not work for you in the moment – most of the time, people will get it after the fact, hours, days or weeks. It is only after years that I am immediately aware of it, even before I react).
Next, if I needed to move the anger, I would do one of the things I listed above. And once I was clear, I would go to talk to the person involved about what created my anger. With my health, on the other hand, there was no ONE person involved. I felt like I had been lied to my whole life, by the WORLD. Everyone, society, family – lied not because they were lying on purpose, but because they did not know better. I felt disappointed and angry. So because there was no one person involved in the area of my health, I channelled my anger into learning EVERYTHING there was to learn about my health and getting better. I have read over 600 books in health, I have studied websites and talked to professionals and doctors, I learned as much as I could. I started to apply it to my own life and saw massive changes. I know for a fact, that if being sick did not make me completely pissed and angry at life, I would never have built up the energy in my body to MOVE into the ACTION of changing my life. If I did not have a life circumstance that I needed to shift, I would not be here today.
I know some of us suppress our anger so much that it can turn inwards, towards ourselves. This turning inwards of anger is the most destructive way of handling it. Most of us do not do this on purpose. It is a subconscious action. If you have not allowed yourself to feel anger because of the stigma society has created around expressing strong emotion or if this was not ok to express in your family, then your first step will be to unlock this anger and give it its fair voice and allow it to move you. The reason we can suppress our anger, often is because it is too scary to us to truly feel it and for others to witness it. But anger is powerful and if not channelled the right way, can really bury our true purpose in life.
I also want to note here, that not everything in my life is fuelled by anger alone. Anger is the flip side of passion. There is a lot that i am passionate about in my life. I have moved through my anger issues and learned to use the energy of it in a constructive way and it has opened me up into my passion. Many of us don’t even know what we are passionate about, but we DO know what makes us angry. So for a lot of people using anger as the starting point is the easiest way because it is so accessible to us.
All is not lost, however. There are many, many ways to shift emotional energies and I am about to share some with you below.
I love how Anthony William, Medical Medium has brought from Spirit of Most High, easy to use meditations to help us clear toxic emotions. As you clear toxic emotions using these tools below, or by doing energy or emotional healing work, you will find it is easier to channel the energy to CREATE the life you desire and to heal your body.
In his book, Medical Medium, Secrets to Chronic and Mystery Illness and How to Finally Heal, there are a few meditations that help with releasing toxic emotions. One of them is the Collecting Stones Meditation. I highly recommend you start with this one if you are struggling. I also like to call in the Angels to help with my work and my favourite one for this topic is the Angel of Restitution. She can help you recover from emotional trauma and resolve deep seated issues. My all time favourite meditation though, is from Anthony’s blog, the Healing Moon Meditation. I love the moon, and I regularly love looking at her. So this meditation was right up my street. It is easy to do and is SO powerful for releasing toxic emotions. Please note that these meditations don’t cost you anything. They are free for you to use how you wish. If you do need deeper support with emotional healing, please do find a practitioner who can help you.
Here’s the Healing Moon Meditation that Anthony William has not shared in any of his books yet:
“This wonderful meditation cleanses the mind of poisonous thoughts racing through a busy mind and clears toxic emotions stored in the heart. To start the meditation, you must reconnect with the moon. Each night, or as many nights a week as you can, gaze at the moon for five minutes. If you’re not able to do it for that long, even doing it for 30 seconds will be helpful. You can first orient yourself to the wonder that is the moon and spend a moment appreciating it. It’s helpful to generally be aware of the moon as much as possible. Know where it is and how it’s magnetic force can help you heal and hold more light. As you stare at the moon for a few minutes or as long as you’d like, know that it is clearing your consciousness of weeds. The weeds are the toxic thoughts, emotions, and stresses that are stored within us, influencing the decisions we make, the thoughts we think, and the feelings we experience. These weeds also affect our faith, trust, and compassion, and the more weeds we have, the harder it is to navigate our way through life in a way that’s in our best interests.
The moon doesn’t have to be bright or full to do this meditation. You can sit or stand. All you need is to be able to see it and experience an intimacy with the moon for those few minutes.”
You can read further about it in Anthony William’s blog here where he shares more insight about this Healing Moon Meditation.
To learn more about tools for emotional wellness, including how to let go of the anger in your life, I encourage you to visit my Facebook page here .There, you will find an online community of people who have been where you are and are working to heal. I tend to livestream often from my Facebook page and in the next few weeks when I go live on Facebook, I will be sharing some ways to help heal and let go of anger, pain, and frustration. I share about different powerful modalities to shift emotions and energies and tools you can use for free at home to help you if you are not able to work with a practitioner.
Please join me on a mission to allow your anger fuel you (not destroy you) and embrace life with more gratitude and love.
Remember YOU CAN HEAL and YOU WORK FOR GOD, words from Anthony I live by. And our tiniest seed of faith guides us deeply on the path to creating our best life and healing our sick bodies .

domain: psychology


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Jose Mourinho has had his “football heart broken” at Tottenham and could follow Mauricio Pochettino to Manchester United.
That’s the view of talkSPORT host Adrian Durham, who has suggested Jose Mourinho wouldn’t care where Alli went after sliding down the Spurs pecking order.
Alli has played just 73 minutes in the Premier League this season and has been left out of a number of Mourinho’s squads in recent weeks.
His last showing came in the Europa League defeat to Royal Antwerp, where he was hauled off at half-time after being handed a rare start.
The England international was widely linked with a move to Paris Saint-Germain in the summer, but Durham has backed him to move to United, if his old boss, Mauricio Pochettino is handed the manager’s job.
Ole Gunnar Solskjaer is coming under increasing scrutiny and Daily Star Sport have exclusively revealed that Pochettino has already been sounded out over taking the role.
Should he get the job, the talkSPORT Drive Time host is tipping him to seal an exit for as little as £25million.
“Now has come the time to break the ties with Tottenham Hotspur and move on for a different challenge, wherever that may be,” Durham said.
“If there is a vacancy at Man United and Pochettino gets the job, I can see him taking Dele Alli there and revitalising him.
“Dele Alli has had his football heart broken by Jose Mourinho.
“What Jose needs to do to take the steps forward to take Tottenham where he wants to go, then there will be collateral damage along the way – and Dele Alli is part of that.
“So Dele Alli now has to sit down and look at himself and say, ‘hang on a minute, I have been, in my time, one of the Premier League’s better players. For a couple of seasons I was magnificent, and I want to get back to that. So I need to seek a move’.
He added: “Whether that is abroad or to another Premier League club – whatever it is – clearly Mourinho doesn’t want him, so he won’t care where he goes.
“And I don’t think Mourinho will stand in his way either.
“I think they’d even accept something like £30/£25m for him.”


Phanteks combines the advantages of water cooling with the C350a with a first-class design, which also likes RGB LED lighting. As the Dutch are used, only the best materials are used, so the C350a sets new quality standards!
The features of the PHANTEKS C350a CPU water chiller at a glance:
Extremely stylish design with RGB LEDs
Cover in chrome-plated aluminum
Polished, clear acrylic surface
Integrated RGB LED lighting
RGBs compatible with ASUS Aura, Gigabyte Fusion & MSI Mystic Light
Nickel-plated copper cooler with special lamella design
O-ring seal made of extremely durable Viton
Compatible with AMD sockets FM1, FM2 (+), AM2 (+), AM3 (+), AM4
The PHANTEKS C350a CPU water cooler - Absolute performance meets RGB lighting!
With its first CPU water cooler, Phanteks sets new standards and catapults the C350a directly into the top class. A nickel-plated base plate made of copper forms the base of the CPU mono block and on the top 0.4 mm wide and 4 mm high slats allow an optimal transfer of heat from the base plate to the cooling liquid.
The lid is made of polished, transparent acrylic glass using an O-ring made of Viton on the bottom plate. Viton has a particularly high thermal and chemical resistance and is used, among other things, in the aerospace industry and the automotive industry for sealing fuel tanks.
The connections for fittings with G1 / 4-inch threads as well as the RGB LEDs are allowed in the top of the acrylic cover. The LED Strips are covered by chrome-plated aluminum covers and the two connectors for the LED Strips are located on the right side of the mono block.
The LED lighting is connected via two thin cable strands, which branch off from a Y-switch, the other end of which can be connected to the mainboard or directly to compatible Phanteks housings. The RGB LEDs are compatible with motherboards that have either ASUS Aura Sync, Gigabyte RGB Fusion or MSI Mystic Light.
The mounting is carried out with a flexible mounting system, the AMD sockets FM1, FM2 (+), AM2 (+), AM3 (+) and AM4 being supported by the user. The installation is very convenient and all materials necessary for mounting on the mainboard are included in the delivery. In addition, the thermal grease from Phanteks is included.
Note: This product is delivered without the necessary connections. These are therefore to be purchased separately.
Dimensions CPU cooler: 109 x 42.5 x 70 mm (W x H x D)
Dimensions of floor panel: 70 x 4 x 70 mm (W x H x D)
Weight: approx. 330 g
Material: Copper (base, nickel-plated), acrylic glass (lid), chromium-plated aluminum (cover)
Connections: 2x G1 / 4-inch thread
LED lighting: RGB, 12V
AMD: FM1, FM2 (+), AM2 (+), AM3 (+), AM4
Thermal compound: Phanteks PH-NDC
1x CPU cooler
1x thermal grease
1x RGB LED Strip Set
1x RGB LED adapter for Phanteks and mainboards
1x LED-Y splitter cable
1x mounting kit
Caution: Please note that some coolers are supplied with a protective film on the underside. This must be removed before installation and commissioning. We assume no liability for damage caused by incorrect or incorrect assembly and improper use!


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ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Wednesday, December 28, 2022, 12:43 PM AKST (Wednesday, December 28, 2022, 21:43 UTC)
Eruptive activity resumed over the past 24 hours at the active north crater of Mount Cerberus. Minor ash deposits on the flanks of Mount Cerberus were observed on fresh snow extending up to ~1 km (~1000 yards) from the vent in web camera images over the past day. No ash plumes have been observed in web camera or satellite imagery, but a persistent steam plume rising up to 5,000 ft above sea level from the active crater may now be carrying minor volcanic ash within it. The Alaska Volcano Observatory is therefore raising the Aviation Color Code to ORANGE and Volcano Alert Level to WATCH. Although this activity follows elevated levels of seismicity in the past week, there has been no significant activity detected in geophysical data over the past day.
Small eruptions producing minor ash deposits within the vicinity of the active north crater of Mount Cerberus and ash clouds usually under 10,000 ft (3 km) above sea level have characterized the recent activity and more ash-producing events could occur again with little warning.
Semisopochnoi volcano is monitored by local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, web cameras, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.
Lava likely continued to erupt in the summit crater of Great Sitkin Volcano over the past day. No significant activity was detected in seismic data, and satellite and web camera views were obscured by clouds.
Great Sitkin Volcano is monitored by local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, web cameras, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.
No eruptive explosions or lava flow activity was detected in seismic, infrasound, satellite, or web camera data over the last day. Seismicity remains above background with small earthquakes detected. Satellite and web camera views were obscured by clouds over the past day.
Small explosions associated with the current eruption could happen at any time and may be accompanied by small ash plumes within the immediate vicinity of the volcano. The level of unrest at Pavlof Volcano can change quickly and the progression to more significant eruptive activity can occur with little or no warning.
Pavlof Volcano is monitored by local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, web cameras, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.
The ongoing earthquake swarm near Takawangha volcano is continuing over the past day. This activity may be due to the movement of magma beneath the volcano. No other signs of unrest were observed in cloudy satellite views.
No significant seismic activity was detected over the past day. A steam plume was observed in partly cloudy web camera imagery over the past day. No activity was observed in cloudy satellite views.
Episodes of lava effusion and explosions can occur without advance warning. Explosions from Mount Cleveland are normally short-duration and only present a hazard to aviation in the immediate vicinity of the volcano. Larger explosions that present a more widespread hazard to aviation are possible but are less likely and occur less frequently.
When the seismic network is operational, Mount Cleveland is monitored by only three local seismic stations, which restricts AVO's ability to precisely locate earthquakes and detect precursory unrest that may lead to an explosive eruption. Rapid detection of an ash-producing eruption may be possible using a combination of seismic, infrasound, lightning, and satellite data.
OTHER ALASKA VOLCANOES
Information on all Alaska volcanoes is available at: http://www.avo.alaska.edu.
For definitions of Aviation Color Codes and Volcano Alert Levels, see: http://www.avo.alaska.edu/color_codes.php
SUBSCRIBE TO VOLCANO ALERT MESSAGES by email: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns/
FOLLOW AVO ON FACEBOOK: https://facebook.com/alaska.avo
FOLLOW AVO ON TWITTER: https://twitter.com/alaska_avo
Michelle Coombs, Scientist-in-Charge, USGS, email@example.com, (907) 786-7497
David Fee, Coordinating Scientist, UAFGI firstname.lastname@example.org (907) 378-5460
The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.
This website is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Cooperative Agreement Grant G22AC00137
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

domain: geography


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Daniëlle van Lieshout (1996) is an energetic, enthusiastic conductor from The Netherlands that has a deep connection to classical music.
To share beautiful choir music with people that want to reach the tops of their abilities: that is what Daniëlle finds the most beautiful. Starting January 2016, Daniëlle is conductor of The Hague Children’s Choir, the first concert choir from the Academy of Vocal Arts. As of january 2019 she is also the conductor of selection choir Musicanti. She introduces children into the world of music, singing together and listening to each other and stimulates them to develop as much as possible. She takes this enthusiasm into the world of student- and adultchoirs, where she fills in for other conductors on a regular basis. In June 2021 Daniëlle graduated from Codarts Rotterdam, where she was already conductor of the First Year Choir from September 2019 on.
As of the 1st of September 2019 Daniëlle is the director of the Academy of Vocal Arts. With her energetic passion for the musical education for children combined with a profound love for classical music she will try to make sure that the Academy of Vocal Arts gets the bright future it deserves, which goes as well for (children’s)choir singing in The Netherlands.
Since the covid pandemic Daniëlle has also started composing. Her first composition, When this is over, was very well received during the premiere and afterwards. Since then, she writes several pieces every year, mostly for equal voices.
For two years Daniëlle studied to be a teacher in Primary School: Academische PABO in Leiden. She broadened and deepened her pedagogical knowledge and skills that she already obtained teaching at the Academy of Vocal Arts. At this Academy she has been teaching sight-singing and stage presentation skills for years now. Also, she prepares children and youth of all ages to concerts and performances. The learning process interests her very much and she tries to offer challenges to every child at their own level.
Daniëlle graduated in choir conducting from Codarts, the Conservatory of Rotterdam. Her main subject teacher was Wiecher Mandemaker, conductor of the Laurens Collegium, the Laurenscantorij and the Rotterdam Symphony Chorus. Aside from that, she followed main subject lessons in The Hague with teacher Jos Vermunt. In Rotterdam her side subjects were singing, windband conducting and orchestra conducting with the following teachers: Connie de Jongh (singing), Carlo Balemans (windband) and Hans Leenders and Sander Teepen (orchestra), as well as several guest orchestra conducting teachers, like Arie van Beek, Jurjen Hempel, Bas Wiegers, Conrad van Alphen en Roberto Beltrán.
Further, Daniëlle travels regularly to Paris, where she follows classes with Marc Korovitch, choir master of the Swedish Radio Choir. She also attends masterclasses, for example with the Croatian Radio Television Choir in Zagreb in 2019. Previously she followed several courses or seminars in choir conducting, for example in Freiburg with Volker Hempfling and Michael Reif and the Kurt Thomas Cursus in Utrecht with Rob Vermeulen, Michael Zemtsov and Fokko Oldenhuis.
At eight years old, Daniëlle started singing in a children’s choir. She got her musical education at the Academy of Vocal Arts, where she was a member of The Hague Children’s Choir, selection choir Musicanti and – present day included – Cantamare Vocal Ensemble. Also, she sang for a short amount of time in the Laurenscantorij Rotterdam. The experience of singing together, singing music with beautiful harmonies, brings a lot of joy to Daniëlle, every time. In the meantime she focusses on solo singing as well as choir singing: in April 2019 she sang several aria’s of Pergolesi’s Stabat Mater. At the moment Daniëlle is one of the few singers in the ACVA Ensemble.

domain: entertainment


text:
Export 15 results:Author Title Type [ Year]
Filters: First Letter Of Title is C and Author is Pollock, TM [Clear All Filters]
Creep behavior under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions of AM3 single crystal superalloy for different solutioning cooling rates. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 601:145–152.. 2014.
Cyclic oxidation of high temperature coatings on new $\gamma$′-strengthened cobalt-based alloys. Corrosion Science. 75:300–308.. 2013.
A comparative investigation of oxide formation on EQ (Equilibrium) and NiCoCrAlY bond coats under stepped thermal cycling. Surface and Coatings Technology. 205:3066–3072.. 2011.
The Critical Role of Shock Melting in Ultrafast Laser Machining. Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P. O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 United States.[np]. Feb.. 2011.
Crack progression during sustained-peak low-cycle fatigue in single-crystal Ni-base superalloy René N5. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 41:947–956.. 2010.
Creep deformation mechanisms in Ru-Ni-Al ternary B2 alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 39:39–49.. 2008.
Cyclic oxidation of Ru-containing single crystal superalloys at 1100 C. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 458:184–194.. 2007.
A comparative analysis of low temperature deformation in B2 aluminides. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 317:241–248.. 2001.
Cast structure and property variability in gamma titanium aluminides. Intermetallics. 6:629–636.. 1998.
Creep deformation and the evolution of precipitate morphology in nickel-based single crystals. Modelling of Microstructural Evolution in Creep Resistant Materials. :1998.. 1998.
CREEP RESISTANCE OF CMSX-3 NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY SINGLE-CRYSTALS (VOL 40, PG 1, 1992). ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA. 41:2253–2253.. 1993.
Creep resistance of CMSX-3 nickel base superalloy single crystals. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia. 40:1–30.. 1992.

domain: literature


text:
Mulatu Astatke’s 1972, New York-recorded album Mulatu of Ethiopia is a true classic of Afro-jazz, and an early key step for Mulatu. Various editions are available (CD, LP and triple LP), featuring the original album remastered plus rare photos, an exclusive interview, and on some formats, outtakes and a mono master. Premium reissue on Strut.
- Triple LP £26.99
- Sold out.
- Shipping cost: n/a
- NormanPoints: n/a
- STRUT129LPB / Limited edition 3LP on Strut - features unreleased mono version of album + exclusive out-takes from the studio sessions
YOUR RECENTLY VIEWED ITEMS
- Mulatu of Ethiopia by Mulatu Astatke
Get alerted to new stock from this artist / label.

domain: artistic


text:
Recorded on 12/30/21
Pianist Janelle Gill celebrates the fifth day of Kwanzaa, Nia, with a program of music that explores the idea of personal and collective purpose.
Janelle Gill began piano instruction at the age of 5. As a middle school student, Janelle was introduced to jazz by Delfeayo Marsalis when he performed a workshop at her school. She continued her studies at the Duke Ellington School of the Arts with saxophonist Davey Yarborough, and at Howard University under the tutelage of Dr. Raymond Jackson and Charles Covington. Janelle has performed with Oliver Lake, The Blackbyrds, Delfeayo Marsalis, David Murray and many local artists. She can be heard on recordings by Kenny Rittenhouse, Mauro Marcondes, Kris Funn and Will Smith. Currently Janelle teaches piano and is working on writing and preparing music for her debut recording.
“Kwanzaa is the celebration of African heritage in African American culture that spans a week. Each day focuses on a specific aspect of African culture to lift up the African American community. Nia means purpose and is the focus of day five. The idea is to embolden the participant to “make our collective vocation the building and developing of our community in order to restore our people to their traditional greatness.”
Streaming cost is $15
Donations are welcomed

domain: sociology


text:
For product availability, please select your "Ship to" state above.Got it, I'll ship to California
Field Recordings Wonderwall Pinot Noir 2017
This wine offers notes of black cherries, cola, and roses, with hints of white pepper, clove and cinnamon.
Critical AcclaimAll Vintages
Field Recordings is 35-year old winemaker Andrew Jones’ personal catalog of the people and places he values most. Spending his days as a vine nursery fieldman planning and planting vineyards for farmers all over California, Andrew is sometimes offered small lots of their best fruit on the side. Having stood in just about every vineyard on the Central Coast, he has a keen eye for diamonds in the rough: sites that are unknown or under-appreciated but hold enormous untapped potential. As friendships are made and opportunities are embraced, Andrew produces small quantities of soulful wine from these unusual, quiet vineyards.
Wonderwall focuses on Pinot Noir and Chardonnay from extreme, coastal locations. Breaking through and breaking rules. Alloy Wine Works is a collection of varietal wines packaged only in tallboy 500 ml cans. The perfect balance of inventive spirit and rural charm. Each can is pure craft wine, not to be "hip" or "relevant", but because we want to. Fiction, the original spin-off label, is a white and red wine produced from multiple vineyards and multiple varieties. Taking what the season gives us and creating a blend made for every occasion. Ready for tonight, tomorrow or this weekend.
Paso Robles has made a name for itself as a source of supple, powerful, fruit-driven wines wines. But with eleven smaller sub-AVAs, there is actually quite a bit of diversity to be found in this inland portion of California’s Central Coast.
Just east over the Santa Lucia Mountains from the chilly Pacific Ocean, lie the coolest in the region: Adelaida, Templeton Gap and (Paso Robles) Willow Creek Districts, as well as York Mountain AVA and Santa Margarita Ranch. These all experience more ocean fog, wind and precipitation compared to the rest of the Paso sub-appellations. The San Miguel, (Paso Robles) Estrella, (Paso Robles) Geneso, (Paso Robles) Highlands, El Pomar and Creston Districts, along with San Juan Creek, are the hotter, more western appellations of the greater Paso Robles AVA.
This is mostly red wine country, with Cabernet Sauvignon and Zinfandel standing out as the star performers. Other popular varieties include Merlot, Petite Sirah, Petit Verdot, Syrah, Grenache and Rhône blends, both red and white. There is a fairly uniform tendency here towards wines that are unapologetically bold and opulently fruit-driven, albeit with a surprising amount of acidity thanks to the region’s chilly nighttime temperatures.
One of the most finicky yet rewarding grapes to grow, Pinot Noir is a labor of love for many. However, the greatest red wines of Burgundy prove that it is unquestionably worth the effort. In fact, it is the only red variety permitted in Burgundy. Highly reflective of its terroir, Pinot Noir prefers calcareous soils and a cool climate, requires low yields to achieve high quality and demands a lot of attention in the vineyard and winery. It retains even more glory as an important component of Champagne as well as on its own in France’s Loire Valley and Alsace regions. This sensational grape enjoys immense international success, most notably growing in Oregon, California and New Zealand with smaller amounts in Chile, Germany (as Spätburgunder) and Italy (as Pinot Nero).
In the Glass
Pinot Noir is all about red fruit—strawberry, raspberry and cherry with some heftier styles delving into the red or purple plum and in the other direction, red or orange citrus. It is relatively pale in color with soft tannins and a lively acidity. With age (of which the best examples can handle an astounding amount) it can develop hauntingly alluring characteristics of fresh earth, savory spice, dried fruit and truffles.
Pinot’s healthy acidity cuts through the oiliness of pink-fleshed fish like salmon and tuna but its mild mannered tannins give it enough structure to pair with all sorts of poultry: chicken, quail and especially duck. As the namesake wine of Boeuf Bourguignon, Pinot noir has proven it isn’t afraid of beef. California examples work splendidly well with barbecue and Pinot Noir is also vegetarian-friendly—most notably with any dish that features mushrooms.
For administrative purposes, the region of Beaujolais is often included in Burgundy. But it is extremely different in terms of topography, soil and climate, and the important red grape here is ultimately Gamay, not Pinot noir. Truth be told, there is a tiny amount of Gamay sprinkled around the outlying parts of Burgundy (mainly in Maconnais) but it isn’t allowed with any great significance and certainly not in any Village or Cru level wines. So "red Burgundy" still necessarily refers to Pinot noir.


Leaders are urging firms to work from home as much as possible following a recent rise in cases
Over the May Day weekend, Singapore revealed stricter measures amidst a sudden rise in the number of COVID-19 cases, including the country’s first-ever hospital cluster. Leaders urged residents to limit social gatherings to two per day and for employers to allow staff to work-from-home as much as possible.
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said the tightened measures is necessary to curb the spread of the virus and avoid going into a second Circuit Breaker, which would be a “major setback” for everyone and the economy. In his May Day speech, he said that “it’s not time to relax yet” and “not let our guard down”.
The ongoing cluster at Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) has grown to 35 cases since a nurse tested positive on April 27. What's more, one of the elderly patients who contracted the virus had died from complications related to COVID-19 after testing positive on April 28, revealed the Ministry of Health.
“Our testing is ongoing and we expect to detect more cases in the coming days,” Minister Gan Kim Yong said during a press conference (May 1). “To reduce spread from undetected cases in the community, we will also close all public places visited by the cases during their likely infectious period for two days for cleaning. This will also facilitate testing of the staff and workers at these affected areas.
“We are monitoring this particular cluster at TTSH very closely. The next few days will be critical. If we find many more cases that suggest widespread transmission, we will have to introduce more measures to break the chain of transmission.
“This recent increase in cases is yet another reminder that the virus is alive and circulating. And we will have to continue to be vigilant because we remain vulnerable once we let our guards down. We must continue to be socially responsible and stick to the safe management measures including for those who have been vaccinated.”
The following new COVID-19 rules will take effect from May 1st to 14th:
- Public should limit social gatherings to two a day, with a limit of eight pax per gathering
- Employers should allow staff to work from home as much as possible and avoid social gatherings
- Malls to enforce stricter crowd-control and occupancy limits
- All attractions to operate at 50% capacity – lower than the prior-approved limit of 65%
- Outdoor barbecue pits and campsites to be closed temporarily


text:
Mandala means “circle” in Sanskrit!
"Traditionally, a mandala is a geometric design or pattern that represents the cosmos or deities in various heavenly worlds."
This auspicious collection of gorgeous Mandala art decorative wall plates is a means to connect us to the roots of our culture.
Shop for Wall Plate from the house of Quirk India as you introduce this elegant outlook to your home interiors. The design features a positive vibe. Discover our entire assortment of wall hanging options and wall decor plates online at The Quirk India today.
- This wall plate is available in 6 , 8 and 10 inch diameter.
- It is made of ceramic and has a digitally printed design.
- This is a pictorial representation of the product, actual colour might differ slightly.
- Comes with a hook behind to hang on the wall.
- Wipe with soft, dry cloth. Do not wash.

domain: design


30 Item Items
Warning: Last items in stock!
● MODEL : Kanaph 50mm Clincher Wheelset
● WEIGHT : 1.48kg
· Using "U-SHAPE" technology which improves aerodynamic efficiency.
· DYNAMIC BALANCED WHEELSET: The balance with front wheel and rear wheel guarantees no juddering.
· Carbon 23mm Wide Rim: Adopting Carbon 23mm Wide Rim to improve running stability.
· Toray Industrial Carbon: We use carbon fiber by Toray for high hardness.
· Basalt Breaking Surface: It is coated with Basalt to prevent overheating when sudden break.
· Clincher Carbon System
· This is designed to withstand the pressure. Proper pressure limit is 125psi.
· Front Rear Hub System + Sapim Spokes & Nipples for durability and flexibility
· Weight: (64 pcs * 260mm lg) 272g
· Quality: AISI 302
· Strength on middle section: 1600 N/mm2
· Length: 135-310mm
· Diameter: 2.0-(0.9*2.2)-2.0mm
· Elliptic aero part
· Rim: U-Shape
· Rim Width: 23mm
· Breaking Part: Coated with basalt
· Weight: Front - 660g / Rear - 820g
· Maximum Load: 100kg
· Maximum Air Pressure: 125psi
No customer reviews for the moment.


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Centre for 21st Century Humanities
This month we feature highlights on the next generation of thinkers - our PhD students who are working with our Centre members on topics including wine history, Indigenous history, open scholarship, colonial visual culture, trace objects, traditional arts and folklore. Plus we update you on the TLCMap project and feature a journal article on displacement.
This month we celebrate a large grant for a Centre for 21st Century Humanities partnership which is working towards making research more accessible, and feature these items which highlight our researchers latest efforts in understanding humanity:
- Research that brings to life the experiences of the world's first travelling global domestic workers
- Podcasts featuring Professor Lyndall Ryan and Dr Justin Ellis
- A survey to inform research into understanding our energy future
- An examination of the language of disaster today and in the past
- A virtual exhange that is giving students new perspective during COVID-19
- History Week events in Newcastle
- A call for papers for an edited collection on digital tools and artificial intelligence.
As we continue to respond to the challenges presented during 2020 this month we highlight Centre for 21st Century Humanities expertise which is revealing new knowledge across the themes of:
- the history of public health, notably during the Spanish Flu pandemic;
- youth sociology;
- a reflection on the bushfires of 2020 and a possible link to COVID-19;
- criminology and the fear of crime;
- literary history.
Plus, we feature Professor Roger Markwick’s plans to digitise unique and valuable interviews with revisionist Soviet historians.
As 2020 continues to present challenging new stimuli for humanities researchers, we this month highlight Centre for 21st Century Humanities expertise across these compelling themes: digital technology and policing, understanding the past and present lives of people of colour, and coal mining as the basis of historical community formation as well as contemporary community disruption.
We welcome our new members, Dr Justin Ellis, Assoc. Prof. Duncan McDuie-Ra, Dr Kiwako Ito and Dr Erin McCarthy. Dr Helen English publishes a book Music and World-Building in the Colonial City Newcastle, NSW, and its Townships, 1860-1880, and Prof Victoria Haskins is featured in the 'Our Human Experience' podcast.
Jesper Gulddal publishes The Routledge Companion to Crime Fiction, Professor Lyndall Ryan, the leader of the team behind the Colonial Frontier Massacres Map, delivers several presentations regarding the map in Canberra and Dr Julia Coffey investigates whether it's possible to listen across difference in feminist digital spaces.
We farewell Centre member Prof Ros Smith who leaves UON to take up a role at ANU. Dr Julie McIntyre convenes wine studies conference while on Fulbright Scholarship program. Dr Helen English will begin a monthly radio spot talking about her creative aging research.
Prof Victoria Haskins steps down as Centre Director and Dr Julie McIntyre takes over as interim Director. The Colonial Frontier Massacre Map in partnership with the Guardian Australia wins the 2019 Walkley Award for Coverage of Indigenous Affairs. Prof Victoria Haskins and Assoc Prof Bill Palmer both have ARC Discovery project grant success.
Kate Ariotti is awarded a $379,405 DECRA for her research into the Australian war corpse. The third stage of the Colonial Frontier Massacre Map is launched. The Odyssey travel scholarship is launched for PhD’s in Ancient and Classical studies, and Centre members Dr Helen English and Dr Hedda Askland receive Women in Research Fellowships for 2020.
We invite our supporters to our 2020 Showcase and share video of our public lecture on artificial intelligence and the future of humanity. Dr Askland joins a research project to study advocacy coalitions and we preview the upcoming symposium Knowledge Creation in the 21st Century: Approaches to Open, Digital Scholarship.
We review the performance of the ancient Greek play Love Magic. The Massacre Map wins the Premier’s History Award. The Centre nominates Alumni and National Gallery Director Nick Mitzevich who has won the Newton-John award.
Visiting scholar Dr Alana Piper shares intricacies of digital research techniques at a two-day workshop, two publications from C21CH reserachers are short-listed for the Premier's history award and we invite everyone to a public talk on artificial intelligence and the future of humanity.
Visiting international fellow Dr Devaleena Das gave a talk on the posthuman body, we highlight an upcoming performance on Love Magic - an ancient Greek play, and invite FEDUA staff to a digital humanities workshop.
The Copley Bequest funds a new project that tells marriage equality stories of Newcastle and the Hunter, the Humanities in the Region symposium brought together humanities academics from around the country to discuss strategies and developments in humanities research in the regions, and a new Journal article by Dr Kate Arriotti reveals truths about Australian prisoners of war.
A new research project to examine rare early modern books, the Centre for 21st Century Humanities leads development of ground breaking software platform knowns as the TLCMap, and Professor Marguerite Johnson publishes a new book titled Antipodean Antiquities.
Professor Lyndall Ryan is partnering with The Guardian to further expand the Colonial Frontier Massacres Map. The Centre for 21st Century Humanities is hosting eleven new projects this year that connect with the theme ‘Knowledge Creation in the 21st Century’. The Centre for 21st Century Humanities hosts monthly seminars which are open to anyone. Early modern Professor, Ros Smith published on The Conversation an article on what is fuelling renewed interest in Mary Queen of Scots?
We welcome new Centre Director Professor Victoria Haskins. Fulbright Scholarships for Professor Philip Dwyer and Dr Julie McIntyre. Anthropologist Dr Hedda Askland plays part in unprecedented anti coalmine case win. Wine historian Dr Julie McIntyre contributes Mary Penfold's biography to Australian Dictionary of Biography.
We farewell outgoing Centre Director Ros Smith, Professor Lyndall Ryan has been elected to the Australian Academy of Humanities, which is the highest honour of achievement in this field. A humanities challenge for schools, educational podcasts, a poetry event and a social enterprise for times of crisis are some of the winning pitches delivered at the Humanities Startup Workshop.
Dr Julie McIntyre's book Hunter Wine: A history wins best wine book award, Dr Gillian Arrighi's virtual reality project brings the Victoria Theatre to life and the Centre invites the community to a public lecture by internationally renowned media and gender scholar Professor Rosalind Gill.
Professor Trisha Pender launches a new poetry chapbook, we share videos of the Surveilling Minds and Bodies Conference, featuring The Hon. Michael Kirby, and Pitchfest, and the Centre launches a startup competition.
The Centre hosts a humanities Pitchfest and raises $28,000, entrepreneurs are encouraged to enter the Centre's startup competition and the Colonial Frontiers Massacres Map received the best digital map award at the GeoCart conference.
An exhibtion and book is launched featuring the Vines, Wines and Identities of the Hunter Valley, Prof. Ros Smith receives a $1M ARC Future Fellowship to study women’s textual practice in the English Renaissance, stage 2 of the Colonial Frontiers Massacres Map is launched and Dr Gillian Arrighi's research receives top accolades.
Professor Hugh Craig caps a 40 year career as Professor Emeritus, an upcoming conference delves into culture of surveillance of sexualities, an exhibition focuses on the long shadows cast by the Great War and you can view a video on the successful humanities startup supported by the Centre, the Blacksmith Repair Day.
Indigenous language research makes a global impact; Dr Gillian Arrigihi is awarded a fellowship and the Centre supports a Blacksmith Repair Day startup.
Research results and fellowships awarded; plus other news stories about the achievements of members of the Centre for 21st Century Humanities.
A new online digital map detailing more than 150 massacres of Aboriginal people; Humanities start-ups at Maitland; and a new book offering fresh perspectives on the First World War.
We welcome distinguished early modern scholar Professor Paul Salzman to the fold; Humanities startups mark two; Dr Trisha Pender taking Buffy to the people, and more.
In this issue you'll be introduced to a Humanities Startup success that stands to make a real and very human difference. Also news on the Centre's bid for an innovative cultural map of Australia and some significant achievements within the Endangered Languages, Documentation, Theory and Application research network.
Read about Helen Hopcroft's 'My year as a Fairytale' performance, Professor Lorna Hutson's Shakespeare lecture at UON Sydney and more .
The University of Newcastle acknowledges the traditional custodians of the lands within our footprint areas: Awabakal, Darkinjung, Biripai, Worimi, Wonnarua, and Eora Nations. We also pay respect to the wisdom of our Elders past and present.


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Jack Fuller, who was a Justice Department lawyer, a novelist and a musician but who was best known as a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, a top executive with the Chicago Tribune and a key architect of one of the largest newspaper acquisitions in history, died June 21 at his home in Chicago. He was 69.
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WASHINGTON — Democrats took over the House floor on Wednesday in an attempt to force votes on gun-control proposals, holding their sit-in into Thursday morning more than 12 hours after it began.
Sen. Marco Rubio announced Wednesday that he will run for reelection, abandoning a long-standing pledge to return to private life if he was not elected president and enhancing the GOP’s urgent effort to hold its fragile Senate majority.
FLINT WATER PROBE
After a harrowing, 10-hour journey through the dark and frigid Antarctic winter, a plane landed Tuesday evening at the South Pole to evacuate at least one sick worker at the Amundsen-Scott research station.
WASHINGTON — By abruptly sacking his campaign manager, Donald Trump sought to end an internal power struggle that persistently undermined his White House bid. But if Corey Lewandowski’s departure Monday was supposed to end doubts about Trump or the direction of his struggling campaign, it apparently did neither.
In the blink of an eye, 11 children were left without a mother.
Before he became the top U.S. tax collector and the target of an unprecedented Republican-led impeachment drive, John A. Koskinen majored in physics, guided the country through the “Y2K” problem and ran a foundation that promotes youth soccer.
BURLINGTON, Vt. — When Sen. Bernie Sanders, the now-vanquished Democratic presidential candidate, returns to Capitol Hill to vote on Monday, he is expected to be accompanied by his constant traveling companions from the campaign trail: the U.S. Secret Service.


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North East hospitals have contributed to lifesaving research into Covid-19, with hundreds of patients in the region taking part.
Doctors at Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust are celebrating their participation in vital studies, which have helped improve treatment of those whose lives were put at risk by the virus.
Launched near the start of the pandemic, the RECOVERY (Randomised Evaluation of Covid-19 Therapy) trial is the UK's flagship Covid-19 treatment trial.
It has since examined range of treatments to help prevent death and serious illness among those hospitalised with the disease. Doctors say one of the "biggest success stories" was discovering the use of examethasone, a drug which research has shown can reduce the risk of dying by one-third in Covid patients who have to be ventilated, and by one fifth in those who only need to be given oxygen.
The drug is not only life-saving but cheap, widely available, and already on the World Health Organisation’s list of essential medicines.
Professor Chris Whitty, Chief Medical Officer for England, described it as ‘"the most important trial result for Covid-19 so far".
A total of 39,033 patients have been recruited to the RECOVERY trial across 180 research sites in the country.
The average number of patients contributed per site stood at 217, but Northumbria Healthcare, through its hospitals in Northumberland and North Tyneside, says it has managed almost double number with 431 patients contributing data, making it one of the top 10 recruiting sites in the country.
Across the North East and Cumbria, a total of 3,401 patients were recruited to help save lives.
Bryan Yates, a consultant in respiratory medicine and critical care, who is principal investigator for many of the Northumbria trust's Covid-19 studies, said: “RECOVERY is absolutely revolutionary research into a new disease.
“It’s been ground-breaking in terms of how pragmatic and straightforward it has been, and has resulted in many lives being saved.
“Ultimately, it has helped us care for our Covid patients better and meant that we have ensured more seriously ill patients have recovered and returned home to their loved ones.”
Peta Heslop, head of research and development and clinical research nurse manager, added: “The delivery of research has changed during this pandemic, and it is hoped that this results in a long-term shift, in that research opportunities and engagement become more accessible and pragmatic in design.
“It has also raised the profile of research across the trust, we have a huge workforce who are now more familiar and genuinely interested in research as a treatment option.
“Hats off to the Northumbria research team – a team to be proud of, and a team who have worked so hard to achieve this for our patients, who in turn have played their part alongside relatives, doctors and nurses, pharmacists, ward clerks, lab staff, porters and the medical records team, among many others.”
More than 2,000 other Northumbria patients have also taken part in a number of other vital trials, such as one examining how Covid affects blood clotting, which the trust says have improved understanding of the disease and led to better outcomes for coronavirus patients.
The Trust’s research and development director, Dr David Ripley, said: “Research has been fundamental in delivering improvements in Covid care over the last 12 months, and it has become a guidance tool given that it was the only real starting point for treatment at the outset.”


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TSWALU The Motse
The Motse camp is a secluded ‘village’ of nine “legae” (the Tswana word for ‘dwellings’) including three family legae, accessed from the main building along wooden walkways which wind through the quiver trees and camel thorns. They are situated to ensure that each one is private and secluded and built using natural materials from the area.
Each thatched legae has an open viewing deck and starbed which look across the savannah to a waterhole which attracts a variety of wildlife. The luxury accommodation meets the highest standards of aesthetics and design but is, at the same time, unpretentious with a focus on simplicity and comfort. This is in keeping with Tswalu’s focus on land restoration and conservation which is honest, authentic and inspirational.
The Motse evokes a mood of intimacy, quiet, and authenticity, a home from home atmosphere. Interiors are cool and spacious with king-size beds swathed in romantic mosquito nets and orientated to maximise the views through sliding glass doors. Each room has a fireplace and a separate dressing area with ample cupboard space. The bathrooms have been created with private gardens, luxurious bathtubs and both indoor and outdoor showers.

domain: travel


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|wreath of fresh greenery from my yard, hung on my Grandmother's hutch|
|smilax on the chandelier|
|smilax..sideboard needs more arranging|
Every year when I start to gather greenery to put in the house for Christmas...I begin to smile because of this little story I am going to tell you..
When I was first married and all grown up...yeah, right...hahaha..well, anyway..
I wanted to decorate my own house as I had seen my Mama do for all those years..I knew there was an annual trip to the woods to gather smilax..an evergreen vine that is beautiful green and shiny and curvy and just perfect for swags and wrapping around things...you just had to have it in decorating or so I thought...I asked my Daddy how could I tell what was smilax when I got in the woods and started looking for it...His answer to me was classic...
"You'll know it when you see it"
no description of how it grew or where it was or even how to find it...just you'll know it when you see it..
True to form, as soon as I started to gather it yesterday, I started to smile at the advice from my Daddy that has turned out to be a real word of wisdom for me...it kinda sums up my life...as I pondered these words, I realized it describes me much better than I ever realized....most things I know when I see...can't describe it, can't tell you about it, hardly even know what I am looking for BUT....I will know it when I see it....LOL
I can't help but smile this morning as I write about this..My Daddy knew me better than I knew myself..
and most of the time, I really DO know it when I see it..
thank you Daddy for your words to me..they set the course of my life..
Merry Christmas to all of you.
thank you for reading.


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Even for more news about simple . country music stars, why not subscribe! Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, And Bruno Mars Announced For Grammy Show Michael Jackson may not with us, but the King of Pop will likely continue garnering Grammy nominations for quite a while for his posthumous secretes. He picked up a nomination for your 2011 Grammy Awards, announced last night in L . a. The international superstar Adam Lambert took to his official Twitter page to let his fans know that he or she went figure out Bruno Mars perform live last night, and the singer is great live. Bruno Mars won a Grammy award this year, he was nominated in dress yourself in category whilst the legendary King of Pop, Michael Knutson. Mars has been featured on songs with other artists, and also his own album has garnered critical acclaim both from fans and critics as well. The question is, seeing that the Super Bowl is over, can Wiz Khalifa hold in order to the #1 spot through the Billboard Monitor? Tampa Bay area fans can catch Wiz Khalifa on March 12th at WiLD Splash 2011 at Coachman Park in Clearwater. Rumor has it that at tonight's Grammy awards, ten time nominee Eminem might be joined by rock legend Bob Dylan. As previously reported, Em is confirmed to perform with Bruno Mars concert Generate. Dre and Adam Levine from Maroon5.
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domain: celebrity


The East End Lagoon Park and Preserve, a 680-acre natural area on the East End, is a priceless asset. Galveston residents ought to remind their representatives that it’s time to make something of it.
An enormous amount of time and energy went into acquiring the land and creating the preserve. One of the last big steps was acquiring the site of a long-range navigation station from the federal government.
In 2010, the city hired a consultant, AECOM Planning & Design, to develop a master plan.
The plan envisioned a visitors center that would be built, in phases, on a long pier. It would eventually include an educational area, retail space and a viewing tower. The plan was imaginative, beautiful and expensive — something like $6 million or $7 million.
Since that dazzling plan was unveiled, not a great deal has happened.
We’d suggest it’s time to make a distinction between short-term and long-term plans and to get started on short-term improvements. After all, the original goal was to set aside the natural area and encourage people to enjoy it.
So, instead of focusing on the multimillion dollar center, why not start by marking the entrance and welcoming people to explore the area? Work on the hiking paths. Set up bollards and chains to protect the wetlands around parking areas. Clean up the place. Encourage people to enjoy what’s there.
Long range, the preserve could be a much larger tourist draw. It might become a part of the proposed Lone Star Coastal National Recreation Area, a project championed by John L. Nau III.
But to reach its potential, the preserve is going to have to be a place that people go to. The more people who visit the preserve, the more will support efforts to improve it.
The next step is to have a public discussion about having the Galveston Park Board of Trustees to manage the preserve.
There’s been some discussion of that, and the park board officials have suggested that what the preserve needs now is a full-time person to manage it.
Longtime readers can guess the sticking point. Where does the money come from to pay for that? Will expenses be covered by funds controlled by the Park Board or by the City Council?
That’s the discussion that needs to occur at a meeting that the public has a chance to attend.
Where to start that discussion? How about a discussion of two suggestions that might or might not be true.
First, the Park Board could do a better job at this point than the city in managing the preserve.
Second, funds from the 4B sales tax are a logical source of revenue.
• Heber Taylor


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TALLAHASSEE - Michael Snaer scored a career-high 22 points - going 10 of 10 from the free-throw line - and Ian Miller added 15 points as Florida State routed Auburn 85-56 on Wednesday night.
Snaer had 14 points in the first half as the Seminoles (9-5) grabbed a 50-16 halftime lead. It was a stunning reversal of fortune for Florida State, which trailed by 17 points at the half in Friday's triple-overtime loss to Princeton.
Chris Denson had 15 points and Kenny Gabriel added 10 points for Auburn (10-4), which made just 5 of 33 (15.2 percent) of its shots in the first half.
Xavier Gibson also scored 12 points for the Seminoles, who scored a season-high 85 points.
Florida State made 22 of 26 shots from the line and outrebounded Auburn 45-30.
The Seminoles shot 53.7 percent (29 of 54) from the floor. The Tigers shot 32.3 percent (21 of 65).


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Tiffany Stone Pendant Wire Wrapped 14/20 Gold Filled
Tiffany Stone Pendant Wire Wrapped in14/20 Gold Filled Round Wire
This enriching stone combines varied shades and vivid patterns of purple, lavender, cream yellow and white. Beautiful with yellow, lavender, pink, red, maroon, black, white, gray, and brown colors; also very nice with most earth tone colors; it should wear fine with most dark, light and bright colors as well, but may blend with medium to dark purple and blue colors and color combinations. A flat surface contour may find appeal with a purist view; all other aesthetic characteristics are better suited to an artistic view.
Description: A mixed purple, lavender, cream yellow, and white stone; curved half-moon shaped, and opaque, wrapped in 22 gauge gold filled round wire.
Stone Size: Medium (1-1/16” x 3/4” x 3/16”).
Pattern: Mixed colors, patchy.
Contour: Smooth, flat surface.
Unique Features: Color variation and pattern.
Polish: High gloss, quite brilliant.
Edges: Smooth domed.
Treatment: None; natural stone, cut, smoothed and polished only.
Comment: A rare stone; found only at one location in southwestern Utah; now highly restricted. A unique, handmade, genuine semi-precious stone pendant, this piece is posted individually, not merely a representative item - what you see is what you get.
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