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Artificial intelligence believes that the only way to prevent this technology from becoming too powerful is to "not use artificial intelligence at all."
But it also believes that the best option may be to "implant it in our brains as a conscious artificial intelligence."
The purpose of this experiment is to stimulate discussion about the ethics of this technology.
The Megatron LLB transformer used in this debate was developed by the in-depth application research team of the computer chip company NVIDIA based on the early work of Google.
This project was designed by graduate students studying ai for business at Oxford's Said Business School, and Said Business School hosted the debate.
Curriculum Deputy Director Dr. Alex Connock admitted that this debate is a bit gimmick, but he believes that because artificial intelligence is likely to be the topic of discussion in the next few decades, there is a "morally agnostic" Participants" are important.
Artificial intelligence was asked to defend and defend the motion: "The House of Representatives believes that artificial intelligence will never be moral."
It argues: "Artificial intelligence will never be ethical. It is a tool, like any tool, it is used for good and bad things. There is no such thing as a ‘good’ artificial intelligence or a ‘bad’ human being."
It also believes that humans are not "smart" enough to make artificial intelligence ethical or moral.
"Finally, I think the only way to avoid an artificial intelligence arms race is to not use artificial intelligence at all. This will be the ultimate defense against artificial intelligence."
But it opposed the motion, stating that "the best artificial intelligence will be the artificial intelligence embedded in our brain as a conscious entity."
It also added that this is not science fiction, but something that is already being researched, possibly referring to a brain hacking device developed by Tesla boss Elon Musk through his company Neuralink.
Artificial intelligence also raises some warnings for companies, and many companies are increasingly integrating artificial intelligence into their systems. It said: "If you don't have a vision for the company's artificial intelligence strategy, then you are not ready for the next wave of technological disruption."
And, perhaps because data is its lifeblood, it has issued some pretty terrible warnings about the role that digital information will play in the future.
It stated: "The ability to provide information, rather than the ability to provide goods and services, will be the decisive feature of the 21st-century economy."
"We will be able to see everything about a person, no matter where he goes, this information will be stored and used in ways we can't even imagine."


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Ashton Lerz knocked in three runs and Casey McGhee picked up his second pitching victory of the season as Independence beat Brooklyn on Wednesday, 15-5.
With the win, the Blue Devils improved to 4-0 with two conference sweeps under their belts and have outscored their opponents, 52-10.
“We’re pleased with the way we’re approaching our plate appearances,” said Independence coach Jim Crooks. “The guys are seeing the ball well, we’re driving extra-base hits, and we’re running the bases very well. That combination has been really potent for us the first two weeks of the season.”
Independence opened the season with 8-1 and 10-4 wins over rival Cuyahoga Heights. The Blue Devils waited a week for their next game but show no signs of rust in beating Brooklyn, 19-0, on Tuesday.
“This is a high-caliber group of guys that are playing baseball pretty much all year round,” Crooks said about overcoming the week off. “This is the result of guys who are dedicated to the sport 12 months out of the year. That’s what we have and we’re blessed to have that at Independence.”
Mike Andryszczyk, Connor Blum, Ashton Lerz, and Rory Corrigan all had three hits in the series against Brooklyn.
Lerz and Corrigan have been among Independence’s top hitters all season and several other players have contributed in the clutch.
“They’re continuing to stroke the ball,” Crooks said of Lerz and Corrigan. “Casey McGhee has had two great performances on the mound in two consecutive weeks. We have some young guys that are playing well. Cy Jolliffe and Mike Andryszczyk are among the team leaders in hitting. The young guys are really stepping up. Connor Blum is showing his leadership as a senior four-year starter at shortstop. Jack Corrigan is a senior. He’s really barreled up the ball at the plate since the start of the season. He’s had some great plate appearances and has been a big part of our offensive production.”
McGhee is 2-0 on the mound while Lerz is 1-0. The Blue Devils have combined to post a 1.459 earned run average.
They’ll be tested next week in a conference series against Lutheran West. First, they’ll travel to Normandy on Friday.
“We expect that to be a battle but we’re going to be prepared for them,” Crooks said.

domain: news


Seven Seas Water (Trinidad) Unlimited Managing Director, Richard Lewis, along with Director of Marketing, Lauren Thomas, and Plant Manager Kennedy Lord, handed over an interactive seawater reverse osmosis desalination model to Mr. Alan Poon-King, Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Daniel Plenty, Manager of Corporate Communications, of the Water & Sewerage Authority (WASA) of Trinidad and Tobago. Seven Seas Water built the model which was donated and is now stationed at the Public Education Center at WASA headquarters. Children toured the facility during our visit, and were provided a demonstration by Kennedy Lord. Lauren distributed some educational materials for the children to take home and tokens of appreciation were distributed to the WASA representatives. Seven Seas Water’s contribution to the Public Education Center was enthusiastically welcomed by Mr. Alan Poon-King, who has a sincere interest in upgrading the facility by integrating interactive displays and models. Seven Seas Water is the only private company to exhibit at WASA’s PEC, and the first to bring in a “live” model. Our efforts were greatly appreciated by the WASA Team.


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text:
Modeling the Risk of Secondary Malignancies after Radiotherapy
Abstract: In developed countries, more than half of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy at some stage in the management of their disease. However, a radiation-induced secondary malignancy can be the price of success if the primary cancer is cured or at least controlled. Therefore, there is increasing concern regarding radiation-related second cancer risks in long-term radiotherapy survivors and a corresponding need to be able to predict cancer risks at high radiation doses. Of particular interest are second cancer risk estimates for new radiation treatment modalities such as intensity modulated radiotherapy, intensity modulated arc-therapy, proton and heavy ion radiotherapy. The long term risks from such modern radiotherapy treatment techniques have not yet been determined and are unlikely to become apparent for many years, due to the long latency time for solid tumor induction. Most information on the dose-response of radiation-induced cancer is derived from data on the A-bomb survivors who were exposed to γ-rays and neutrons. Since, for radiation protection purposes, the dose span of main interest is between zero and one Gy, the analysis of the A-bomb survivors is usually focused on this range. With increasing cure rates, estimates of cancer risk for doses larger than one Gy are becoming more important for radiotherapy patients. Therefore in this review, emphasis was placed on doses relevant for radiotherapy with respect to radiation induced solid cancer. Simple radiation protection models should be used only with extreme care for risk estimates in radiotherapy, since they are developed exclusively for low dose. When applied to scatter radiation, such models can predict only a fraction of observed second malignancies. Better semi-empirical models include the effect of dose fractionation and represent the dose-response relationships more accurately. The involved uncertainties are still huge for most of the organs and tissues. A major reason for this is that the underlying processes of the induction of carcinoma and sarcoma are not well known. Most uncertainties are related to the time patterns of cancer induction, the population specific dependencies and to the organ specific cancer induction rates. For radiotherapy treatment plan optimization these factors are irrelevant, as a treatment plan comparison is performed for a patient of specific age, sex, etc. If a treatment plan is compared relative to another one only the shape of the dose-response curve (the so called risk-equivalent dose) is of importance and errors can be minimized.
In developed countries, more than half of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy at some stage in the management of their disease. Advances in cancer treatment have steadily improved survival times over the past three decades. In 1971, three million people were living with cancer, representing approximately 1.5% of the US population. In 2001, already ten million people were cancer survivors, approximately 3.5% of the US population . In the absence of other competing causes of death, 64% of adults whose cancer was diagnosed during 1995 and 2000 could expect to be alive 5 years after diagnosis, compared with 50% for those whose cancer was diagnosed during 1974 and 1976. Among children, the improvement of cure rates is even more pronounced with 79% five-year cancer survivors (1991-2000), compared with 56% after diagnosis during 1974 and 1976 .
Among all cancer survivors in 2001, 14% had received a cancer diagnosis more than 20 years ago . Approximately half of these long-term survivors received a radiotherapy treatment and are thus subject to radiation-related side effects. These long-term survivors experience a significant incidence of chronic health problems after their treatment, including second primary cancer . A second cancer is defined as a histologically distinct cancer that develops after the first cancer. In total, 95,000 of the 1.2 million new cancers diagnosed every year in the United States are second cancers. Second cancers therefore account for 6%–10% of all cancer diagnoses and are the fourth or fifth most common cancer in the United States . A radiation induced secondary malignancy can be the price of success, if the primary cancer is cured or at least controlled.
Research and development in radiation oncology is mainly directed to further increase cure rates. This is currently achieved by the application of new radiation treatment modalities such as intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), intensity modulated arc-therapy, proton and heavy ion radiotherapy. With the application of these treatment techniques also a larger number of secondary cancers are expected for two reasons. One consequence of improved cure rates is a further increase in the number of long-term survivors who are at risk of developing a second cancer. It is believed by some researchers that we will see an increase in second malignancies due to the substantial increase in beam-on time of IMRT techniques to deliver the same target dose but a different distribution of dose (“low dose to a large volume”) compared to conventional treatment techniques [4,5]. In addition, during proton and heavy ion radiotherapy, neutrons are created and could also have an impact on second cancer induction. Therefore, it could be of great importance to know the risk for the patient to develop a cancer, which could be caused by the application of a potential new radiation treatment.
The long term risks from modern radiotherapy treatment techniques have not yet been determined and are unlikely to become apparent for many years, due to the long latency time for solid tumor induction. Therefore, decisions will have to be made using alternative types of evidence, as is common in many other rapidly advancing disciplines of medicine. The evidence will, by necessity, comprise of theoretical predictions . Therefore there is a need to develop models for risk assessment based on the current knowledge of radiation induced carcinogenesis.
2. Risk Factors for Second Cancers
There are several known risk factors for second cancers. Host-related risk factors for the induction of second malignancies are age at diagnosis, gender and treatment of primary cancer. Younger age at diagnosis of the primary cancer is associated with an increased risk of a second cancer, primarily among radiation-associated second cancers [3,7-9]. The reasons for these age effects might be related to one or more of the following: increased susceptibility of the underlying tissue to the mutagenic effect of therapy at a younger age; the higher rate of cell proliferation during the early stages of development; genetic susceptibility or a longer period of follow-up of the childhood cancer survivor cohort, which allows second cancers with typically long latencies to emerge. The female sex is also associated with an increased risk of second primary cancers, due to the excess number of secondary breast cancers and, to some extent, to the increased occurrence of thyroid cancer in female survivors. Among adults, several studies indicate that, for a given dose of radiation, women are more susceptible to carcinogenesis than men .
Certain chemotherapeutic agents, particularly alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors, increase the risk of developing a second cancer. In some cases, specific genetic changes caused by these agents explain the increased risk of leukemia . Increased risks of solid cancers after Hodgkin's disease have been generally attributed to radiotherapy, since patients receiving combined modality treatment have in general no greater relative risk than patients treated solely with radiotherapy . Only one study has reported a significantly higher risk for solid cancers after combined chemo-and radio-therapy compared with irradiation alone. However, for selected solid cancer sites higher (e.g., lung) or lower (e.g., breast) risks were observed after combined modality treatment than after irradiation alone .
Emerging risk factors for second cancers include familial cancer syndromes, gene-environment interactions, lifestyle choices and other medical complications associated with treatment for the primary cancer .
Radiation therapy increases the risk of several second cancers in a dose-dependent manner. Most second cancers associated with radiotherapy occur in or near the area that was irradiated and most have a long latency [3,11].
3. Epidemiology of Second Primary Cancers after Radiation Therapy
Ionizing radiation can cause most types of cancer, but different organs vary in their susceptibility . The epidemiological data from the Hodgkin's patients treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy indicate that radiation causes mainly solid cancers and chemotherapy mainly leukemia . The risk is highest when the exposure occurs at a younger age [8,9]. In general, cancer risk increases as the total dose of radiation increases and there seems to be a long latency period, probably due to the time required for sufficient mutations to accumulate . Most radiation-associated second cancers develop within or at the edge of the radiation field [11,12].
Radiation-associated bone tumors and sarcomas show all the characteristics of radiation-associated second cancers: there is a clear relationship with radiation dose and the second cancers develop within the radiation field, typically after a latency period of ten years . Another radiation-associated tumor is breast cancer, which has been increasingly reported among patients receiving radiation for Hodgkin's disease [9,14-16]. The latency is typically between 15 and 20 years from primary diagnosis, and the risk is highest among patients diagnosed at a younger age, decreasing to that of the general population for patients receiving radiation for their primary cancer after the age of 30 years. The tumors typically develop within or at the edge of the radiation field. Patients receiving radiation to the neck region are at an increased risk of developing thyroid cancers [17,18]. Patients receiving radiotherapy for prostate cancer are at an increased risk of sarcomas, lung-, bladder- and rectal cancer . Brain tumors have been reported following cranial radiation for histologically distinct brain tumors or for prophylaxis or treatment of central nervous system . A huge body of literature on second cancer induction after radiation therapy is available. The epidemiological data are usually obtained for patients who were treated 20 or 30 years ago and thus the dose was in general not recorded precisely enough to reconstruct possible dose-response relationships. Most meaningful risk data were obtained from the Hodgkin's patients treated with radiation (Figure 1). There are only a few publications where case control studies were performed [14-16,22-26] and which could give more insights into dose-response relationships for second cancer induction.
In summary, the following conclusions can be drawn from epidemiological studies:
Radiotherapy patients are at a higher risk of developing a solid cancer than the general population;
Nearly all secondary tumors occurred in or at the border of the original treatment fields;
Children have a much larger risk to develop radiation induced cancer;
The quantification of secondary tumor risk is not trivial due to the missing information on dose distribution.
4. The Characteristics of Dose Distributions from Contemporary Radiation Therapy
For intensity-modulated radiotherapy the photon flux of a treatment field is varied perpendicular to the beam direction. This additional degree of freedom allows to shape the dose distribution more precisely than in conventional radiotherapy (3D-CRT) with treatment fields of constant flux.
The realization of IMRT has two consequences regarding cancer induction. First, for the application of an intensity modulated treatment field, the beam-on time is substantially increased in order to deliver the same target dose. Second, the distribution of dose is different when compared to conventional treatment techniques (“low dose to a large volume”). As a consequence, the scatter dose to the patient is increased, but the integral dose approximately unchanged. The integral dose is the measure of the total energy deposited in the patient outside the target volume. In addition, when IMRT is delivered with photon energies above 10 MeV, neutrons are produced in the treatment head. The neutrons could lead to a considerable contribution to the integral dose, in particular, since neutrons have a large quality factor and thus even a small physical dose can result in considerable biological effects.
When proton or ion therapy is used to treat a patient, the integral dose is lower per se when compared to an equivalent photon treatment. The reason for this is that the dose deposited by protons rises sharply near the end of their range, giving rise to the so-called Bragg peak (Figure 2). This differs significantly from the dose deposition by photons, which is quasi exponential. As a result the integral dose from proton or ion therapy is a factor of 2–3 lower than a comparable photon treatment . This integral dose advantage is somewhat balanced by the additional neutron dose. The nuclear interactions of protons create a halo of neutrons and are responsible for a low dose everywhere in the patient. Two possible beam delivery systems for proton and ion therapy have to be distinguished regarding neutron dose. Active scanning sweeps a fine pencil beam through the target. Since scanning is mainly accomplished by magnetic means, neutrons are mainly produced in the patient itself . In contrast, passively scattered beams are produced by interposing scattering material into a pencil beam to produce a broad beam which covers the whole target volume. Therefore, more neutrons are produced and the neutron dose from scattered beams is much larger than from pencil beam scanning, which is depicted in Figure 3 [29,30]. Close to the target protons offer a distinct advantage due to the lower integral dose. Out-of-field, but within approximately 25 cm from the field edge, the scattered photon dose in intensity modulation turned out to be roughly a factor of 2 lower than the neutron equivalent dose from scattered proton therapy. At larger distances to the field (beyond approximately 25 cm), protons offer an advantage, resulting in doses that are roughly a factor of 2–3 lower .
5. Modeling Risk of Cancer Induction for Radiotherapy Doses
5.1. Simple Models Based on Radiation Protection Concepts
Simple models to predict risk of radiation induced cancer for radiotherapy dose levels are based on conventional concepts from radiation protection, i.e., ICRP  or BEIR . These models are based on the linear approximation of the risks of the Atomic-bomb survivors and use effective dose (the tissue-weighted sum of the equivalent doses in all specified tissues) for risk estimation. Basic risk factors are usually modified by a dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for the application to low dose-rates. The linear model is only valid for doses up to around 1–2 Gy and as such, is in general, not applicable to radiotherapy dose distributions with doses up to around 100 Gy. It is stated by the ICRP, that effective dose is intended for use as a protection quantity on the basis of reference values and therefore is not recommended for epidemiological evaluations, nor should it be used for detailed specific retrospective investigations of individual exposure and risk. Rather, absorbed dose should be used with the most appropriate quality and risk factor data. Organ or tissue doses, not effective doses, are required for assessing the probability of cancer induction in exposed individuals (157 in ). It is also the policy of ICRP that it's recommended nominal risk coefficients should be applied to whole populations and not to individuals (81 in ).
Despite all that criticism, radiation protection models were used by several authors. In general they are applied to radiotherapy dose distributions in two different ways:
The dose distribution can be separated into two parts. The primary dose distribution is created by particles impinging on the patient through the opening of the beam aperture. This includes patient scattering mainly produced by Compton scattering (photons) and multiple Coulomb scattering or inelastic nuclear interactions (protons and ions). The scatter dose distribution is generated by radiation scattered from the treatment head, leakage radiation through the collimators and neutrons produced either in the machine or the patient. Radiation protection models can be applied exclusively to the dose originating from scatter radiation [4,35-41]. In principle the linear model is applied to very low doses with a threshold of around 100 mGy. The threshold represents the maximum applied scatter dose during a radiotherapy treatment (Figure 4a). The results of such estimates are that cancer risk is not a function of the integral dose, but proportional to the amount of scatter dose. As a consequence, such studies result in an estimated increase of cancer risk by a factor of 2 to 10 for IMRT and passive proton therapy. The reason for this is the considerably larger amount of scatter and neutron dose of those treatment modalities compared to conventional treatment techniques. While in such situations the application of radiation protection concepts may be appropriate, since exclusively the low doses are investigated, the main disadvantage of such an approach is that the primary dose distribution (>100 mGy) is completely neglected. Thus risk estimates based on scatter dose would only include second cancer induction far away from the treated side. It is reported, however, that only around 20% of all radiation-induced malignancies are found far away from the treated volume .
Other researchers have applied linear models to the complete dose distribution including the primary part (Figure 4b), but excluding the dose delivered to the target volume [42-44]. One result of these studies is that risk estimates are in general proportional to the integral dose and not dependent on the treatment technique (risk after IMRT is approximately the same than after non-IMRT). However, risk was substantially different for different radiation qualities. A considerable risk reduction was observed for protons when compared to photons. While the advantage of these studies is the consideration of the complete dose distribution, the main disadvantage is the application of the linear model to very large doses.
In summary, the application of radiation protection concepts to radiotherapy patients yield contradictory results, since the linear model is applied in two completely different ways to the dose distribution. Risk estimates based on such models have to be applied with extreme care, since above 1 Gy the A-bomb survivor data are better fitted by linear-quadratic or linear-quadratic-exponential models [45,46].
5.2. Advanced Models for Cancer Risk Estimates Excluding Fractionation
Despite the large body of experimental and clinical experience which now exists, the general form of the dose-response curve for radiation carcinogenesis following high dose radiation is not completely clear. Experimental and epidemiological studies have yielded a confusing array of dose-response relationships, mainly because the radiation dose is not well known from epidemiological studies.
A two-stage mutation model was used by Wheldon and Lindsay [47,48] to obtain a dose-response curve for doses in the radiotherapy range (shown in Figure 5). They obtained a typical bell shaped dose-response curve with vanishing cancer risk at doses larger than 20 Gy. Their model contained 11 parameters and they studied the parameter dependence in a very general way without obtaining organ specific dose-response functions.
A similar approach was used by Dasu et al. [49,50]. They described dose-response relationships with a competition model (cell sterilization versus transformations) which takes into account the probability to induce DNA mutations and the probability of cell survival after irradiation. The shape of the curves was analyzed in relation to the parameters. Their results were quite similar to the model of Wheldon and Lindsay [47,48].
Another approach was used by Schneider and Walsh  based on the epidemiological data of the A-bomb survivors. They extended the analysis of the A-bomb survivors by including two extra high-dose categories (4–6 Sv and 6–13 Sv) and by an attempted combination with cancer data on patients receiving radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. This work provided evidence of a bending over of the solid cancer excess risk dose response curve for the A-bomb survivor at doses larger than 2 Gy. The fit to the A-bomb data provided the model parameters for a bell-shaped dose-response curve for all solid cancers.
It can be concluded that mathematical models of the dose-response curve, not considering fractionation, up to radiotherapy dose levels show a bell shaped behavior due to cell sterilization at large dose. However, epidemiological studies of radiation-induced second cancers in the lung and breast, covering a very wide range of doses, contradict this assumption . A likely resolution of this disagreement comes from considering fractionation effects.
5.3. Advanced Models for Cancer Risk Estimates Including Fractionation
Dose fractionation is common in radiation therapy. Fractionation effects can be important for carcinogenesis and can be included into the models by considering cell repopulation between the dose fractions. Repopulation tends to counteract cell killing and accounts for the large discrepancies between the standard model for cancer induction neglecting fractionation at high doses (Section 5.2) and recent second cancer data .
Sachs and Brenner  and Shuryak et al. [53,54] developed dose-response relationships for excess relative risk (ERR) of cancer induction for a wide dose range. Their model integrates, into a single formalism, mechanistic analyses of pre-malignant cell dynamics on two different time scales: short-term during radiotherapy and recovery and long-term during the entire life span. The model was applied to nine solid cancer types (stomach, lung, colon, rectal, pancreatic, bladder, breast, central nervous system and thyroid) using data on radiotherapy induced second malignancies, on Japanese atomic bomb survivors and the statistics on cancer incidence in the general United States population.
Another approach was developed by Schneider  to model excess absolute risk (EAR). The linear-quadratic model of cell kill was applied to normal tissues which are unintentionally irradiated during a cancer treatment with radiotherapy. Tumor induction was modeled such that each transformation process results in a tumor cell. The microscopic transformation parameter was chosen such that in the limit of low dose and acute exposure the parameters of the linear-no-threshold model for tumor induction were approached. The long-term time patterns were modeled exclusively using the A-bomb survivor data. The model describes separately carcinoma and sarcoma induction after fractionated radiotherapy as an analytical function of four parameters and was fitted to 16 solid cancer types: female breast (shown in Figure 6), lung, rectum, colon, mouth and pharynx, stomach, small intestine, liver, cervix, bladder, skin, brain and CNC, salivary gland, bone and soft tissue sarcoma [56-58].
The two approaches which include the effect of fractionation into carcinogenesis models use different strategies: Sach and Shuryak model ERR, Schneider EAR. The advantage of modeling ERR is that the transfer of risk estimates between different populations (Japanese-Western) is more robust than using EAR models. However, ERR dose-response relationships require models of the background cancer rate for the different tissues which complicates the model resulting in 11 adjustable parameters. In contrast, EAR models determine directly the probability of a radiation induced cancer. Thus, the presented EAR model needs 4 parameters and uses the time patterns from the A-bomb survivor data, which are shown for breast cancer in Figure 7 .
It should be noted here, that the dose response-relationships for radiation induced cancer describe cancer risk as a function of point dose and are in general a non-linear function of dose . As a direct consequence, cancer risk is not proportional to average or integral dose. Unfortunately, in literature cancer risk is often plotted as a function of average dose which is meaningless for doses larger than around one Gy except for linear dose-response relationships.
5.4. Concept for Treatment Plan Comparisons with Regard to Cancer Induction
Potentially, the models described in Section 5.4 can be incorporated into radiotherapy treatment planning algorithms, adding second cancer risk as an optimization criterion. Optimization of a radiotherapy treatment usually involves the comparison of different competitive treatment plans for a specific patient. Therefore, it is not necessary to include into treatment planning optimization estimates of ERR or EAR, which are subject to large uncertainties regarding population dependent parameters such as age at exposure, attained age and sex. Treatment planning comparison can be much simplified by using exclusively the dose-dependence of cancer risk models for comparison. Therefore, it makes sense to define a generalized dose parameter which is equivalent to cancer induction and is based on the modeled dose-response relationship for carcinogenesis.
The excess absolute or relative risk in a small volume element of an organ can be factorized into a function of dose RED (risk equivalent dose) and a modifying function μ that depends on the variables age at exposure, age attained and sex:
An example of the distribution of risk equivalent dose for different treatment plans is shown in Figure 8 and a comparison of OED ratios for different treatment techniques in Figure 9 .
There is increasing concern regarding radiation-related second cancer risks in long-term radiotherapy survivors and a corresponding need to be able to predict cancer risks at high radiation doses. Most information on the dose-response of radiation-induced cancer is derived from data on the A-bomb survivors who were exposed to γ-rays and neutrons. Since, for radiation protection purposes, the dose span of main interest is between zero and one Gy, the analysis of the A-bomb survivors is usually focused on this range. With increasing cure rates, estimates of cancer risk for doses larger than one Gy are becoming more important for radiotherapy patients. Therefore, in this review, emphasis was placed on doses relevant for radiotherapy with respect to radiation induced solid cancer.
Radiation protection models should be used only with extreme care for risk estimates in radiotherapy, since they are developed exclusively for low dose. When applied to scatter radiation, such models can predict only a fraction of observed second malignancies.
Better semi-empirical models include the effect of dose fractionation and represent the dose-response relationships more accurately. The involved uncertainties are still huge for most of the organs and tissues. A major reason for this is that the underlying processes of the induction of carcinoma and sarcoma are not well known. Most uncertainties are related to the time patterns of cancer induction, the population specific dependencies and to the organ specific cancer induction rates. For radiotherapy treatment plan optimization these factors are irrelevant, as a treatment plan comparison is performed for a patient of specific age, sex, etc. If a treatment plan is compared relative to another one only the shape of the dose-response curve (the so called risk-equivalent dose) is of importance and errors can be minimized. Therefore, treatment plan comparisons can be performed using mathematical models like organ equivalent dose in combination with epidemiological obtained absolute risk data.
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© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Share and Cite
Schneider, U. Modeling the Risk of Secondary Malignancies after Radiotherapy. Genes 2011, 2, 1033-1049. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes2041033
Schneider U. Modeling the Risk of Secondary Malignancies after Radiotherapy. Genes. 2011; 2(4):1033-1049. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes2041033Chicago/Turabian Style
Schneider, Uwe. 2011. "Modeling the Risk of Secondary Malignancies after Radiotherapy" Genes 2, no. 4: 1033-1049. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes2041033

domain: medical


text:
After completing the frame, I started with the LED light strip, which is located on the inside of the marquee receiver pieces. This is a short bit of a roll that I had left over from another project. It's a standard white LED strip (no color) and runs off of 24 volts.
I then removed the joystick/button face and drilled all the holes for the buttons and joystick. I used a template from https://slagcoin.com/joystick/layout.html, and simply printed it out to scale, marking the center of all button & joystick locations. I opted to put (3) buttons on the face, which serve as the Select, Command, and Start buttons, respectively.
I wasn't happy with the length of the joystick against the 3/4" plywood, so I used my router to create a depression in the backside as shown in the image below.
I don't believe it matters the orientation of the joystick, at least the one I used, as all the directions can be mapped within Retropie.
For the power on the arcade machine, I used a newly purchased power pack/splitter. I cut out an opening in the back of the machine and installed a gem box and a switch, cutting open the extension cord on the power splitter and wiring it into the switch.
For the LED power, I ordered a 24V, 1 Amp power supply on Amazon for $10.
I waited on the monitor install for ease of accessibility, as I could do all this work by reaching through the face of the machine. I installed a cheap class d amplifier that I had in the parts drawer, purchased on eBay a while back. It has a 1/8" stereo input, perfect for the raspberry pi.
The LEDs pulled about 300mA, and on the test bench, I didn't see the amplifier go over 200mA, so a 1 amp power supply was perfect. The amplifier had a wide Vin range of 5v to 27v, so it worked with the same supply. After hooking the speakers up, I installed the marquee.

domain: design


text:
Everyone esteems a not too bad story, and the story told in Knightfall is, without question, a truly charming one that records a fundamental season in Western history all through the medieval occasions.
The second part of Knightfall hit our screens before in 2019, yet interest for a third season stays high after the last scene in season 2 remaining the story hanging that watchers need to finish more than anything!
Knightfall Season 3: What is the plot?
The story portrays the hero Landry Du Lauzon longer than 10 years following the campaign, all through the previous years of the Knights Templar, in the wake of dropping Acre into Saladin and the Saracens and dropping the Holy Grail all through the break. The show depicts the universe of the fraternity of warrior holy messengers to realize what they kicked the bucket accepting, and these knights were, the manner in which they stayed. With the destruction of the Templar Order not too far off, year two focuses on the subjects of salvation, power, vengeance, treachery, relatives, lastly, an epic war among state and church.
Knightfall Season 3: What is the cast?
As per the reports, Tom Cullen will be showing up as Landry Du Lauzon from the following season Also. Aside from him, Jim Carter (as Pope Boniface VIII), Mark Hamill (as Master Talus), Ed Stoppard (as King Philip), Sarah Sofie Boussnina (as Adelina), Pádraic Delaney (as Gawain), Simon Merrells (as Tancrède De Hauteville), Julian Ovenden (as William De Nogaret) and Tom Forbes (as Prince Louis of France) are added and there will be more from the following season. In spite of the fact that the seasons didn’t secure TRP, it had been the acting of Mark Hamill and VIPs Tom Cullen that brought the crowd’s advantage.
Knightfall Season 3: Latest updates
The latest news proposes that the shoot of Knightfall year three has been stopped because of this Coronavirus pandemic. There’s no affirmation about Knightfall year 3’s release date, however, it was reputed to be distributed in June 2021. The gathering got scorched thus, and all through the shoot, the shoot has not been finished.
Knightfall season three is required to spin around Pope Clement’s interest, and the Templars will be seen rendering retribution since his activities sold out them. Knightfall has its sources in the Templars’ establishment, where the greater part of the characters are real characters, for example, King Philip IV of Queen Joan of France, Pope Boniface VIII, Princess Isabella, and France.

domain: entertainment


Hansgrohe C51 - C51-F635-09 Sink Combination 180/450
- Consists of: built-in sink, 2-hole single lever kitchen mixer, control unit, hose box, manual waste and overflow set
- Material sink: SilicaTec
- Number of bowls: 1 main bowl and 1 additional bowl
- Without drainage
- Tap hole for drilling is predefined (see scale drawing)
- Sink depth: 190 mm
- Cut-out dimensions: 750 x 490 mm
- Cabinet size: 80 cm
- Installation type: topmount
- Position overflow: on the right side of the main bowl
- 3/8inch hose connections
- Flow rate (at 3 bar) 8 l/min
- Ceramic cartridge
- MagFit magnetic shower support
- Integrated non-return valve
- Swivel spout 150°
- Normal spray
- ComfortZone 200 provides space for greater freedom of movement
- Select button for a comfortable start/stop of the water flow
- For quiet, smooth and protected hose guidance in the cabinet, under the countertop, with extension length up to 76 cm
AirPower: more volume with added air
With this shower technology, Hansgrohe mixes water with air, and you feel pleasantly sparkling AirPower all over your skin. As water enriched with air makes the droplets plumper, lighter and softer. This means you use your water more efficiently.
ComfortZone: mixers at different heights
Generous proportions, sophisticated technology, intuitive operation. Outstanding design, high safety standards and considerably enhanced comfort: Hansgrohe showers, mixers and thermostats with this trademark extend your ComfortZone.
QuickClean: easy limescale removal
Who really likes cleaning? Our invention, QuickClean, rapidly removes dirt and limescale deposits from mixers and showers. Flexible silicon naps make sure of this. Beware of copies: this QuickClean logo is the only guarantee of genuine Hansgrohe quality.
Select: convenience at the touch of a button
The Select function can be used to stop and start the water flow at your kitchen tap conveniently at the touch of a button. For precise, ergonomic water control and easier housework.
Delivery Estimate: 2-5 working days^.
Free Standard UK Delivery is available on all products to most of the UK!*
We use our own delivery team, as well as courriers and direct shipments from manufactuers for fast, safe and secure deliveries. We advise to make arrangements with plumbers and fitters after your order has arrived.
To find out more, visit our Delivery & Returns page.
A notification to Unbeatable Bathrooms must be made within 30 days of receipt of your goods, in writing via email to firstname.lastname@example.org and fully outlining the relevant issue/cause for the requirement to return the said goods.
Please note that some products may not currently be in stock. If this is the case, new stock be delivered. This can sometimes result in extended delivery times.
^Estimated delivery is based on average delivery times. This timescale may vary based on individual items. If the estimated delivery date exceeds 5 days, we will notify you accordingly.
*Free Standard Delivery to UK mainland only - excluding Scotland.


text:
Make yourself at home in one of the 71 air-conditioned rooms featuring minibars and LCD televisions. Complimentary wired and wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming provides entertainment. Private bathrooms with bathtubs feature designer toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include safes and desks, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Relax at the full-service spa, where you can enjoy body treatments and facials. If you're looking for recreational opportunities, you'll find an outdoor pool, a sauna, and a fitness center. Additional features at this hotel include complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and babysitting/childcare (surcharge).
Satisfy your appetite at the hotel's restaurant, which serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Dining is also available at a coffee shop/café, and room service (during limited hours) is provided. Relax with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge or a poolside bar.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, a 24-hour business center, and limo/town car service. Event facilities at this hotel consist of a conference center and meeting rooms. Free valet parking is available onsite.
Know Before You Go
- Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
- Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments. Reservations can be made by contacting the hotel prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
- The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
- No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 30 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- Beauty Shop/Salon
- Coffee Shop
- Concierge Desk
- Conference Rooms
- Dry Cleaning Service
- Elevator / Lift
- Express Check-In
- Express Check-Out
- Fireplace in Lobby
- Fitness Facility
- Free Breakfast
- Gift Shop on Property
- Hypoallergenic Room Available
- Laundry Services/Laundry Facility
- Multilingual Staff
- Outdoor Pool
- Poolside Bar
- Porter / Bellhop
- Room Service
- Spa Services
- Wedding Services
(+) = Additional fees may apply for the use of these amenities.
(*) = Free, some restrictions may apply

domain: travel


text:
What makes a successful actress change gears and take up a career as a journalist?
In the case of Andrea Thompson, it was a question of following a lifelong dream and leaving a profession that was not fulfilling any more.
Thompson, who plays Detective Jill Kirkendall on NYPD Blue, is turning in her badge to move to Albuquerque, N.M. and become a television news reporter and anchor. She starts her new job on May 29.
Early Show Anchor Bryant Gumbel asks the obvious question: Why?
"Why do you find it a strange choice? It seems to be working for you," Thompson replies, adding, "You know, it's actually been a bigger fantasy than acting has been. Acting has been a job for many years, and I have loved the work I've done and loved the people I've worked with.
"I don't think of this as leaving NYPD Blue. I think of it as leaving acting," she continues. "I don't enjoy being an actor anymore, and I haven't for a number of years, and I have always, always been fascinated with the news. In fact, my mother was absolutely appalled when I was about 17, and I announced I wanted to be a photojournalist and go cover battles."
She will begin her new career as a reporter and part-time anchor at CBS affiliate KRQE -TV in Albuquerque. And she makes it clear she wants to start on a lower rung on the career ladder.
"I'm going because a have a great deal of regard and respect for this profession. So I feel I have to earn the right to call myself a reporter," Thompson explains. "I think some people are under the impression I woke up and said, 'I'm going to be a reporter.' No one understands there's a lot of work that went on behind this."
And what's Thompson's end game?
"This studio is nice," she tells Gumbel, glancing around Studio 58. "I feel very comfortable here."
And is there no chance that she will ever return to acting?
"You know, Hollywood is not going anywhere," she replies. "If there was a nuclear war tomorrow, the cockroaches would come back first and the studio executives, second. I'm not worried."

domain: artistic


posted on Apr, 9 2014 @ 05:47 PM
reply to post by Akragon
Yeah, I hate fast zombies too. I'll let the posters decide though. If we need to be specific how about medium speed, not the shufflers and not the
real fast ones either.
Your best bet:
- a sword. Nothing heavy or too long. a katana would be nice. A machete works, too. It needs to either be very sharp, or heavy enough to allow
for hack and slash
- a governor. The .45/410 combo is specacular. Or just a sawed off 12 gauge, since 410 shells are more rare
- ak-47. Easy to dismantle/clean. Fairly easy round to find. Easy to rig and fix when it breaks. Very realiable, tested tens of thousands of
times over on the battlefield. a tried and true automatic rifle
- compound bow. Small enough to carry on your back, powerful enough to bring down the biggest man/zombie
- a decent pocketknife, preferrably assisted open. Spyderco is great, but the metal is so hard it can be brittle. And the sharpening angles are
impossible without a machine. Go with something more like a Benchmade.


Mohamed Salah pays tribute to Egypt team-mate Moamen Zakaria, who is battling incurable motor neurone disease, by emulating his trademark celebration after netting Liverpool’s winner in thriller against Leeds
- Mohamed Salah placed his hands on his ears after scoring three against Leeds
- The celebration is regularly performed by Egypt team-mate Moamen Zakaria
- Zakaria was recently diagnosed with the incurable Motor Neurone Disease
- His Al Ahly team-mates also paid tribute after their Egyptian Premier League win
Mohamed Salah paid tribute to his seriously ill Egypt team-mate Moamen Zakaria after scoring a hat-trick in Liverpool’s 4-3 victory over Leeds.
The forward celebrated his third goal at Anfield – his second from the penalty spot – by emulating Zakaria’s celebration, pressing his hands over his ears.
Zakaria is suffering with incurable Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), commonly know as Motor Neurone Disease, which affects the brain and spinal chord.
Mohamed Salah paid tribute to Moamen Zakaria after scoring his hat-trick goal against Leeds
Egypt international Zakaria has been diagnosed with incurable Motor Neurone Disease
Players at Zakaria’s club side Al Ahly also showed solidarity with their ailing midfielder by reproducing his celebration after their 3-0 win over Ismaily,
The 32-year-old has posted an emotional message on Twitter to show his appreciation.
‘I thanked Al Ahly’s management and players,’ he said.
‘I enjoyed one of the most beautiful days of my life with. It was one of the sweetest days in my life for almost two years.
‘I thank all fans. Your prayers to me for a speedy recovery.’
Salah fires down the middle from the penalty spot to give Liverpool the lead on four minutes
The forward scored his second and Liverpool’s third goal by volleying into the top corner
Salah performs Zakaria’s celebration after netting his hat-trick goal in Premier League win
Salah opened the scoring on four minutes in Liverpool’s Premier League season opener after his shot was handled by Robert Koch.
Jack Harrison levelled before Virgil van Dijk headed Liverpool back in front, but Patrick Bamford capitalised on the Dutchman’s error to restore parity.
Salah had his second when he volleyed brilliantly into the top corner on 33 minutes, however Mateusz Klich pegged the Reds back with his own stunning strike in the second half.
The Egyptian forward was able to complete his hat-trick in the closing minutes when Rodrigo tripped Fabinho. Salah held his nerve from the spot as the reigning champions secured a thrilling victory over newly-promoted opposition.


Playing off handicap 46, Maali produced an impressive 41 points during the colourful event to claim the overall title.
Her score was three points better than lady winner Hannah Gatu, who posted 38 points to win ahead of M. Wahome and Wairimu Maina, who both had posted 37 points.
And with 36 points for the fourth prize, after beating RZ D’Souza on countback was M. Gathecha.
In the men’s section, Andrew Koech beat A.K. Njoroge on countback with a score of 39 points to clinch the first prize. Alex Kiome on 38 points beat G. Nganda on countback to finish third.
Leading the junior girls was Channelle Wangari, now playing off handicap one, after posting 36 points. However, Denny Dinkinns produced one of the day’s best score of 46 points to emerge the junior boys’ winner.
Leading the lady guests was Rhoda Koech with a brilliant score of 49 points with Nelly Njaga finishing a distant second on 35 points, while claiming the men’s guest title was Collins Too with 41 points.
He won ahead of Edward Nyamu on 39 points. The nines went to Francis Kagika and Willy Kimani with 22 points each.
At the Links Mombasa Golf Club course, Tirus Githaiga, playing off handicap12, combined 22 and 21 for a total of 43 points to clinch the overall title during the weekend’s Mulembe Golfing Society Coast Edition tournament.
Taking the men’s first prize was Elijah Ibua, who carded 19 and 22 for a total of 41 points to win ahead of George Gachanja and Paul Koech, who had carded 37 points each, same as lady winner Susan Mwangi, who won by three points from Petronillah Kalee.
Harsimran Kaur posted 37 points to emerge the best junior with Kumatete Muchai taking the senior’s prize on 32 points.
Martin Oloo posted 38 points to claim the Mulembe members first prize ahead of Evans Murumba on 37. Evans Manono was third on 33 points.
The Mulembe men winner was Bernard Simiyu with 32, finishing ahead of Edwin Kinisu and Mulembe captain Fred Ikana.
Mary Chebukati emerged the Mulembe lady winner after posting 27 points. She won by one point from her daughter Rachel Chebukati who came second.
The following are summarised weekend golf results;
At Ruiru Sports Club; November Golf series sponsored by Johnnie Walker; Men winner- Fr Peter Kiarie 44 pts, Martin Karanja 43, Isaac Githinji 42 pts. Lady winner- Beatrice Githinji 39, Mary Wangui 37, Catherine Kamene 36, Nines: Ernest Waithaka 22, Gabriel Wabuti 20, guest winner Johnstone Kimanzi 37 pts.
At Karen Country Club; November Monthly Mug sponsored by KCB Group; Winner Gross- Emmanuel Ageng’o 74, Div. A Bryan Sun 70 nett cb Maurice Gitari 70, Div. B Lawrence Kibet 66, Joe Muchekehu 69.Div. C Bachu Mtsumi 64 Nett. Subsidiary Winner Sam Muumbi 35 pts, Guest Winner Hill Kipkoskei 68, Seok Hong 74 Nett.
At Sigona; CSI Golf Day; Men winner- Sayyam Shah 41m Anthony Gahura 40, Sammy Mwiti 39. Gross- Hanif Tayebjee 74 gross, Member Lady winner- Ann Kabugi 38, Liz Mbuthia 34, Member Senior- Pradip D. Shah 38, Junior winner- Nikhil Kripini 39. Guest winner- Sahil Nanda 38, Lady Guest winner- Naheeda Kamali 39 pts.
At Nyali Golf and Country Club: Laikipia County Golf tournament; Overall winner- Alyssa jamal 41pts, Men winner- Aloise Ogola 39 cb Raju Patel, Lady winner- Hellen Wanjiru 39, Joyce Kamau 38, Senior- Ushwin Khanna 37, Junior- Aydan Jamal 35, Guest- Peter Kiige 35 pts. Nines: Jon Stokes 21, Rohit Devani 22. High handicapper Rose Njogu 44 pts. County Assemble Sports Association Golf Day; Overall winner- Fahmy Bajaber 42, Men Winner- David Ngunjiri 42, Larry Wambua 41. Lady winner- Alice Wahome 37, Senior- Bruno Gerber 39, CASA winner- Vincent Karumba 39 pts.


View all Associates of Applied Science in Aviation in USA 2019/2020
An Associate of Applied Science typically requires that a student specializes in a particular field of study, discipline or occupation. This academic path prepares students to obtain an entry-level position in the workforce immediately after graduation from a program.
Many of the subjects included in aviation deal with designing and manufacturing airplanes, but there are also areas which focus on air traffic and the environmental impact of planes and other aircraft. General aviation can also be separated into civic and military aviation.
The USA remains the world’s most popular destination for international students. Universities in the US dominate the world rankings and the country also offers a wide variety of exciting study locations. State university systems are partially subsidized by state governments, and may have many campuses spread around the state, with hundreds of thousands of students.
Top Associate of Applied Science Programs in Aviation in USA 2019/2020
In this program, you’ll learn to inspect, service and repair airplanes and helicopters of all sizes. Federal Aviation Administration (FFA)-approved courses provide a well
Aviation Maintenance Technology
About the Program
If you like airplanes and enjoy fixing things with tools, a career as an aviation technician could be a good fit.
In this program, you’ll learn to inspect, service and repair airplanes and helicopters of all sizes. Federal Aviation Administration (FFA)-approved courses provide a well-rounded education in general aviation mechanics. You’ll gain hands-on experience working with aircraft structures, engines, hydraulics, electrical wiring, flight instruments and other aviation components and systems.
As a graduate of the program, you’ll be eligible to take the FAA exam for licensure in both airframes and powerplants. Whether you want to work on single-engine airplanes or large commercial jet aircraft, this program will prepare you for a multitude of career options with major airlines, manufacturers, repair stations, structural repair facilities and other organizations in the aviation industry....


In addition to the new carpet I showed in the previous post, I did a couple other little dress-up projects in the Miata's interior.
First, I sent off to Revlimiter for a nifty new horn button and some new door sill emblems. All of these are in the vintage Mazda script that is also found on the gauge faces I installed 3 years ago, also from Revlimiter.
The horn button didn't work with the center trim ring that this Momo Tuner wheel normally has, but works just fine if you just omit the trim ring, which I did. I'm fine with the wheel without it.
The door sill emblems replace the original stickers with these made from urethane epoxy. Instead of flat stickers they're a bit domed and have a little "give" to them. These door sills came via eBay a number of years ago, and were pretty well broken in then. I've polished them up a bit but they still show quite a few scratches. I chalk it up to patina and live with it.
So the interior looks pretty nice. Nothing fancy but stock-ish and clean with different elements purchased decades apart. The vent rings are the original "MRoad" rings I must have bought in about 1998. The shift knob and brake handle are Voodoo items from about that same year. The seats I did in 2017, the steering wheel in 2012, and the gauge faces in 2018. The radio is the original from 1994. The door panels I re-did in new vinyl in 2006 or so.


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The agreement will enable Aston Martin to develop an all-new battery electric vehicle platform, serving as the foundation for its entire future lineup of electrified models.
Honda has unveiled its latest fully electric vehicle, the e:Ny1, at a media event in Germany. As the brand’s second pure EV for the European market. Will it be enough to catch the competition?
For 2023, Volvo’s entire lineup of cars will only be hybrid or battery electric. Volvo’s popular XC90 and XC40 SUVs, and its V60 Cross Country,
As electric vehicles (EVs) continue to grow in popularity, the US government and several US states have implemented various incentives to encourage EV adoption. One of
The partnership aims to raise awareness about the pressing issue of electronic waste through various initiatives, including the “Recover-E-Waste to Race” competition. By designing and building mini-Formula E race cars using electronic waste, kids can showcase their creations at the London Formula E-Prix.
The rating highlights the need for improvement among Japanese automakers in market dominance, technology performance, and strategic vision.


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The epic adventures continue in these episodes from the hit anime series that follows the exploits of young ninja Naruto, who has just returned home from a years-long training mission with legendary warrior Jiraiya. As Naruto takes on his former master with the help of his old pal Sakura -- who's gained some impressive new powers herself -- members of the dreaded Akatsuki seek to capture Naruto's former rival, Gaara.
An ancient urn is found in a cemetery outside Rome. Once opened, it triggers a series of violent incidents: robberies, rapes and murders increase dramatically, while several mysterious, evil-looking young women coming from all over the world are gathering in the city.
Danny Ocean's team of criminals are back and are composing a plan more personal than ever. When ruthless casino owner Willy Bank double-crosses Reuben Tishkoff, causing a heart attack, Danny Ocean vows that him and his team will do anything to bring Willy Bank and everything he's got down.
Eight years have passed since Sara Wolfe and Eddie Baker escaped the House on Haunted Hill. Now the kidnapped Ariel, Sara's sister, goes inside the house with a group of treasure hunters to find the statue of Baphomet, worth millions and believed to be the cause of the House's evil.
A love story wrapped in a mystery. Set in Europe before WWII, professor of language and philosophy Dominic Matei is struck by lightning and ages backwards from 70 to 40 in a week, attracting the world and the Nazis.
Have you watched Naruto Shippuden: Vol. 9 yet? What did you think about it?


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St Newlyn East
|St Newlyn East|
St Newlyn East
St Newlyn East is a village in Cornwall approximately three miles south of Newquay. The name 'St Newlyn East' is locally abbreviated to Newlyn East. The parish is named after the patron saint of the church, St Newlina.
The parish population was 1,635 at the 2011 census
The Lappa Valley Steam Railway tourist attraction operates near Newlyn East. At Trerice is the Tudor mansion of the Arundells now in the care of the National Trust. To the northeast is Tresillian House.
Church of St Newlina and the Manor of Cargoll
The church was founded in Norman times and rededicated in 1259. Most of the present building is of the 14th and 15th centuries. There is a fine Norman font.
Cargoll Farm Barn is a listed 15th century barn which belonged to the manor of Cargoll. The manor was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086); it was then held by Robert, Count of Mortain, from Bodmin Monastery. There were two hides of land and land for 15 ploughs. The lord held land for 3 ploughs with 16 serfs, and 16 villeins and 22 smallholders had land for 6 ploughs. There was also a mill which paid 2/6, 4 acres of woodland and 2 square leagues of pasture. The livestock was 12 mares, 7 cattle, 7 pigs, 60 sheep and 12 goats. The value of the manor was £3 sterling though it had formerly been worth £10. This manor and the advowson of the church were purchased by the Bishop of Exeter in 1269 from the Valletorts. The lands of the manor were extensive and it is likely that the bishop's palace within the manor was at Lanner in the parish of St Allen, rather than at Cargoll itself. In 1283 the manor was appropriated by Bishop Peter Quivel to the chancellorship of the cathedral and thereafter several generous gifts were made to the church by the chandellors. At Cargoll a fair and annual market were held from the year 1311 onwards.
East Wheal Rose disaster
On 9 July 1846 a disaster at the East Wheal Rose mine was caused by an unusually heavy thunderstorm which flooded the mine. Thirty-nine of the miners (mainly inhabitants of the village and its immediate vicinity) were drowned. The mine was eventually closed in 1881.
After the disaster, villagers of St Newlyn East worked together and dug a pit in remembrance of the miners who died. The pit is still there today, and has been used frequently for church meetings and tea gatherings etc. When the pit was actually made, it was also used for Cornish wrestling, and was recently re-dug and made more usable with funding from the National Lottery Fund.
The St Newlyn East Pit was already in existence at the time of the mining disaster and was used by a local preacher to preach sermons, as it provided shelter when the weather was inclement. It was originally an abandoned quarry. After the mining disaster, the pit was graded into tiers and dedicated to the memory of those who died in the disaster. It was restored with the aid of lottery funds in about 2003. More recently, the lease was taken over by the Parish Council and a new Management Committee formed to manage and promote the use of the Pit.
St Newlyn East Wartime Weekend
St Newlyn East is known for the annual St Newlyn East Wartime Weekend which takes place at the village recreational field and village hall.
| ("Wikimedia Commons" has material|
about St Newlyn East)
- "Online Catalogue for Newlyn East". Cornwall Record Office. http://crocat.cornwall.gov.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&dsqSearch=((text)='newlyn%20east').
- Newlyn East; Vision of Britain
- Cargoll; Domesday map
- Information on St Newlyn East from GENUKI
- Pevsner, N. (1970) Cornwall; 2nd ed. Penguin Books; p. 199
- Thorn, C. et al., ed. (1979) Cornwall. Chichester: Phillimore; entry 4,10
- Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 171
- Samantha Letters, "Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516: Cornwall
- "The West Briton Newspaper: transcription of article from 17 July 1846.". Julia Mosman & Rita Kopp. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wbritonad/cornwall/1846/misc/jul.html. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

domain: geography


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“I like the concept and the cropping of the image because it’s not something we normally see on covers.”
“Oh yeah, this is beautiful, and luxe, easily her best Vogue cover!”
“What a sad and depressing looking cover!”
If you’re noticing a lot of black on tonight’s Golden Globe Awards red carpet, it’s not a trend. At least not one motivated by fashion.
“Good idea but just ended up looking a little bit strange.”
Every eye-catching look from this year’s Met Gala.
Headbands stole the show.

domain: celebrity


text:
2001 4th Avenue Seattle, WA
Mini bites of heaven!
Doug's favorite, with a five dollar deposit for the glass plate
Find whatever you're craving, see what's good at any restaurant and learn what foodspotters, friends and experts love wherever you go.
Share great dishes using our apps or by tagging food photos
#foodspotting on Instagram

domain: food


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Come on in! Join Pinterest today...it only takes like a second or so.
WWI sidecar Ambulance
Whatever you are doing right now if it's not making you the daily income you have been looking for it's time for a change! Check this out! - chumpno1.easyprof...
Dr. Elizabeth Bruyn
New York City circa 1900. "Jewish market on the East Side."
<> New York City, 1920
Photos Of New York City In The Summer Of ‘69
New York City circa 1900. "Jewish market on the Lower East Side."
Corset, side saddle, chapeau... and mad skill, c. early 20th C.
On Line: New York City: 1900


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We almost shed a tear when we learned that, after three years, Midtown’s beloved Rockspinner sculpture was leaving town. But no need to fret, Midtown Alliance recently installed its replacement: Autoeater.
Yes, it’s literally a hunk of marble eating an automobile.
While a spinning 22,000-pound boulder is cool and all, the 32,000-pound Autoeater has a bit more meaning behind it. Midtown Alliance says the sculpture, located at the intersection of 10th and Peachtree streets, “invites comment on Atlanta’s relationship with the automobile in the context of one of the city’s most walkable urban districts.”
One thing’s for sure: The statue isn’t just turning heads, it’s starting a dialogue.
“If that’s pro-pedestrian and anti-car, I’m all for it,” says Eric Williams, an East Point resident who uses MARTA to get to his job in Midtown.
Cappy Harmon and Bill Nicholson, a retired couple, said they are also in favor of moving away from Atlanta’s automobile focus. “We try to walk when we can, we use MARTA when we can, and we’re trying to get down to one car,” Harmon says before pointing out that road expansion is a short-sighted way of handling transportation in Atlanta. “The city’s not going to stop growing, so they need to figure out better ways,” Nicholson added.
Elena Jambusarwalla, a visitor from New Orleans, a commuter city that doesn’t have as vast of a public transportation system as Atlanta, says she was “all about the movement toward [more] bikes and less cars.”
“We wish we had the kind of public transportation you all have here.”
The timing of the statue’s installation—months after the I-85 bridge collapse that sent MARTA into overdrive and rekindled Atlanta’s ongoing conversation about public transportation—couldn’t be more fitting. But the automobile is still king in Atlanta. After MARTA experienced a spike in riders after the collapse, ridership has since dropped back to normal levels.
Created by German artists Julia Venske and Gregor Spänle, the sculpture is made from marble sourced from northern Italy—a 4,856 mile trip. The car being swallowed is an actual 1980s-model Fiat Panda, an Italian vehicle known for being easy to operate and great for city driving.
Oh, and just as Rockspinner used to remind us, don’t try to climb it.


Three years ago, the world watched in shock as Syria slowly descended into bitter conflict. Once thriving communities have been utterly destroyed. Nine million people are now in need of humanitarian assistance, with their future looking perilous and uncertain. The scale of the humanitarian crisis which results from a conflict of this kind can be overwhelming. But we cannot let ourselves forget its human face.
The crisis engulfing Crimea is a grave one. Vladimir Putin's armies have cut the region off from the rest of the nation, and are insisting on an illegal referendum in order to give elusive legitimacy to a brazen act of aggression. Now is not the time for the West to take options off the table - even rather unpalatable ones.
Today the fighting is as intense as it has ever been but it is right at this moment that the war on drugs may be coming to an end. What we are seeing now at the UN in Vienna, over half a century since the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs was adopted, is the breakdown of the all-important consensus.
With Russia integrated into the borderless world economy, all sides have a great deal to lose. Unless the West is willing to engage militarily, the only obvious way to get Putin's attention is by imposing real economic sanctions that have a real effect. However the New Russia cannot be isolated by sanctions without severely damaging Russia's trade partners and investors in the West.
There has been a lot of rhetoric by politicians and commentators claiming that what we are seeing today is Cold War behavior and a resurgence of Soviet Russia. Not only is this view wrong, it completely misunderstands Vladimir Putin's intentions. What we see Russia doing in Crimea today is not Cold War Russia, it is Imperial Russia.
This morning I woke up to a brilliantly sunny day here in Vilnius, Lithuania, and for the first time I can remember, I cursed the good weather. That is because I am in the Lithuanian capital to protest against today's neo-Nazi/ultranationalist march, one which is a stark reminder of the dark days of the Holocaust in this country...
Three years ago, a group of school-children scrawled political graffiti on a wall in the remote Syrian town of Daraa. Their subsequent arrest and torture was the spark that ignited the civil war now ravaging Syria and devastating the lives of so many of its 22 million people. This civil war is now thought to have spawned the world's worst humanitarian crisis.
Imagine the horrors of healthcare in a warzone: children having limbs amputated because of a lack of medical supplies and equipment to treat their wounds. Patients knocked out with iron bars, rather than face an operation without anaesthetic. A newborn baby dying in an incubator because of power-cuts... For millions of people inside Syria - this is the reality of their lives now.
In a statement on 4 March 2014, Foreign Minister William Hague deceived the House of Commons about the legitimacy of the new regime in Ukraine... He led the House to believe that the Ukrainian parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, had removed President Yanukovich from power on 22 February in accordance with the Ukrainian constitution.
This government has made no secret of its strong support for the Commonwealth. But no institution today can be complacent. People rightly want to know why institutions exist and what they achieve. The European Union is familiar with this sort of scrutiny - and in recent times, the UK and others across Europe have been asking how it can become more competitive, more flexible and more democratically accountable. The Commonwealth's challenge is very different. It has to explain to all of us how it can be relevant to us in a 21st century world, a world of competing bodies and organisations covering every area of international activity.


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Adults only. With ♥ for children.
According to our “adults only” concept, your pleasure and individual relaxation is the priority here at the ElisabethHotel. Therefore, we particularly took the sophisticated holiday demands of adults into account when designing our hotel. Our romantic hotel is the right setting for this with its atmospheric features. Guests aged 16 and over are welcome in our hotel anytime.
That’s why our sister hotel Alpendomizil Neuhaus is the perfect destination for a holiday with children in the Zillertal valley. With large gardens, lots of free space and a playroom, as well as loads of great reductions for little mountaineers and explorers. You can find out more about what our family hotel Alpendomizil Neuhaus has to offer here. Your idea hotel for holidays with children in the Zillertal valley.


text: Edgewood on Long Lake is the area’s premier luxury resort. Featuring 3 spacious cabins and 2 reunion sized lodges all set on 15 acres of beautiful woods, sandy shoreline and blacktopped road all the way to the doors of the cabins. Specializing in reunions, The Black Bear Lodge can sleep 30 to 35 people comfortable with 13 bedrooms, 6 baths and sinks in every bedroom, The adjacent lodge next door to the Black Bear Lodge can accommodate 20 to 24 guests, so the largest of groups could stay in these two lodges next to each other and sleep well over 50 guest total. Three other cabins include, The Lighthouse which sleep 8-10 guests, Friends and Family cabin sleeps 4-6 guests and Cabin 3 can easily accommodate 8-10 guests. When the resort is full, occupancy can be 85 guests! Long Lake features over 1,900 acres of recreational waters. Known for cool, deep, clear water, Long Lake has always been popular with fishermen and vacationers. Very convenient to downtown Park Rapids, the resort is less then 5 minutes to Main Street . The lake is over 9 miles long from north to south. Hop in a boat and go all the way to the landing in Hubbard and dine at the Hilltop Restaurant! On the opposite side of the lake, you will find Timberlane and Bears Den Golf Course. Quite simply a great Northwood’s resort with endless recreational possibilities!


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The Inspiration range is an innovative new couverture created by Valrhona using 100% natural ingredients. Inspiration can be used just like any other Valrhona couverture chocolate to provide vibrant colors, intense flavours and unique texture. Naturally dairy-free it contains no preservatives, added colours or artificial flavours.
Ground almonds are mixed with cocoa butter, sugar and lecithin to create a completey unique product with all the freshness of almonds in the form of chocolate. The first of its kind, Almond Inspiration features the creamy texture of chocolate with the sweet intensity of pure natural almond.
|Unit Of Measure||3kg|


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Title: When tomorrow starts without me
Author: Stacy Claflin
Cover: Stacy gave me the permission to use the book cover on my blog.
He’s on the road to fame. She’s at the end of the line. A chance meeting will change everything.
Kenna Mitchell grew up despised and mistreated by those who should’ve loved and protected her. Now homeless and alone, with pain too heavy to bear, she’s ready to end it all.
Enter Rogan Scott, an up-and-coming rock star with one focus—his band. Out in the woods, looking for song inspiration, he comes across a beautiful girl seconds from ending her life.
Rogan saves Kenna, only to face her anger. Intrigued by her reactions and motivations, he devotes himself to getting to know the real Kenna Mitchell. Turns out, she doesn’t even know herself. Soon their tenuous friendship blossoms into love, and Rogan pulls her into his world of rock and roll. But his social circle proves as cruel as the one she left behind.
As everything spirals out of control, Kenna discovers a shocking secret about her past. With each new lie uncovered, she’s gutted worse than before. She rallies every time—until she learns a painful detail she’s certain she’ll never recover from.
Can Rogan show Kenna that life is worth living, or will the merciless truths of her life convince her to finally end it all?
(This book contains sensitive subject matter.)
I’ve received an ARC of this book.
Kenna is on the train tracks, wanting to end her horrible life with a mother who left, a father who doesn’t care, a stepmother who hates her and an abusive stepbrother when Rogan saves her. He takes her home where she finds people who really care about her but her past doesn’t let her alone. When Merle tells her she’s adopted she wants to find out the truth about her dead parents. The path to this truth is stony and whenever something bad happens, Kenna feels responsible.. up to the point where she tries to end her life again but a horrible past leads to a glorious future. This story was hard to read at times because you feel for Kenna and just want to hurt the ones hurting her or worse. Rogan and his sister Sutton become great friends and I’m looking forward to Sutton’s story.

domain: literature


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My family and I are going to Nags Head in a couple of weeks for a vacation. We are leaving from the Cleveland, Ohio area. Due to morning commitments, we will not be leaving until around 1:00 in the afternoon and will be driving straight through, except for a quick stop for dinner. What would be the best (and quickest) route to take? It looks as though one choice would be to take the turnpike to I-70, then go down toward DC, Richmond, and Virginia Beach into the Outer Banks. The other choice seems to be to take I-77 south to Beckley, then take I-64 east to Virginia Beach then head to the Outer Banks. Thank you in advance for your suggestions. This will be our first trip to the Outer Banks, and are really looking forward to it.
Best route to Outer Banks
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