If landscape architects want to remake the world, we can start by remaking our discipline.
A thought provoking critique of the role Landscape Architects actually play in society versus what they believe they do, this very relevant to the current educational and work crisis that Landscape Architecture faces in South Africa and many other parts the world : Here are few excerpts from the long article, quoted and acknowledged, in the interests of generating a similar discussion in other parts of the world: “Design and the Green New Deal” fromPlaces Journal by Billy Fleming who is the Wilks Family Director for The Ian L. McHarg Center at the University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design.
Aa Dr, Ida Breed, senior lecturer at the University of Pretoria where the undergraduate Landscape Architecture program has been terminated due to poor enrolment numbers, says in a private correspondence: ” I think the article is very right in the money to say that the profession is mostly dominated by neoliberal and elitist project briefs, yet, landscape architects are often very bad at showing what they are already doing. Relevant work is happening, but as we know we are low in numbers, and there is a need for more volunteers and more participation from industry and practitioners in work that does not only profit our/ themselves… More could be done!”
“It is the main duty of government, if it is not the sole duty, to provide the means of protection for all its citizens in the pursuit of happiness against the obstacles, otherwise insurmountable, which the selfishness of individuals or combinations of individuals is liable to interpose to that pursuit.” 25 Frederick Law Olmstead
I don’t know when the myth of landscape architects as climate saviors began, but I know it’s time to kill it. The New Landscape Declaration — a book emerging from a 2016 summit attended by the brightest thinkers in our field — frames landscape architecture as an “ever more urgent necessity,” if not the foundation of civil society. As engineers shaped the built environment of the 19th century and architects the 20th, landscape architects have claimed this century as their own. 1 That’s a bold statement for an obscure profession whose 15,000 U.S. members spend most of their time designing small parks, office courtyards, and residential projects for private clients. Yet it’s not just landscape architects who see a big future for the field. Famed industrial designer Dieter Rams has said that if he were starting his career today, he’d focus on landscapes, not machines. And public officials have recruited landscape architects to the front lines of urban development (as James Corner’s High Line and Thomas Woltz’s Public Square frame Hudson Yards) and climate resilience (as the federal program Rebuild by Design ties hurricane recovery to coastal defense). 2
I don’t know when the myth of landscape architects as climate saviors began, but I know it’s time to kill it.
But if The New Landscape Declaration sought to articulate and elevate our professional ideals, mostly it exposed the gap between rhetoric and reality. The book arrived in fall 2017, a few months after David Wallace-Wells published his alarming article, “The Uninhabitable Earth,” with its memorable opening line quaking, “It is, I promise, worse than you think.” That 7,000-word jeremiad was later expanded into a bestselling book, with acknowledgments thanking the dozens of climate writers, scientists, and activists who informed the author’s research. This is mainstream media’s most comprehensive account of the climate movement, and it contains no mention of work by landscape architects. There is no commentary on Rebuild by Design. It’s as if landscape architecture does not exist. Setting aside the justified critiques of Wallace-Wells’s apocalyptic framing, what does it mean that landscape architects are missing from this prominent book on a topic we claim as our own? Is our discipline a necessity? Are we closing the gap between ideals and practice? We are not, I promise, saving the world. 3
We don’t need playful design proposals; we need high-impact built projects — prototypes for the resilient futures we’ve been promised.
Contemporary practice is focused on sites, not systems; and on elite desires, not public interests. Our work is limited in scale and subordinate to client mandates. Rather than challenging or subverting these core structural constraints, Rebuild merely tweaks the machine of disaster recovery and redevelopment. Such incrementalism has been a key feature of landscape architecture — and much design-based activism — for decades. Though some scholars have credited designers with central roles in social and environmental movements — from the Progressive Era, to the New Deal, to the radical politics of the 1960s and ’70s in America — I would argue that that landscape architects rarely contributed to the organizing and the politics of those movements. 20 By and large, we have been bystanders to progress, not principal actors. If the gap between our ambitions and impact is ever to be narrowed, it won’t be through declarations of our principles. We must rethink how landscape architecture engages with social and political movements.
We seem to have forgotten an important lesson about Olmsted: his eagerness to enter the political arena and challenge the status quo.
ut here again we see designers as participants in, not leaders of, the social movements of their time. In the postwar era, they went through the same cultural realignment as the rest of the country, reorienting away from public works and land conservation and toward greenfield development and roadside parks, away from cities and toward suburbs. Landscape designers also made what was in retrospect the fatal mistake of lending their technical skills to urban renewal programs that reinforced racial segregation. 27 When the backlash to urban renewal began — sparked by Jane Jacobs’s The Death and Life of Great American Cities — planners and designers lost much of their access to large-scale projects, and those who still worked for public agencies saw their power diminished. As Thomas Campanella argues, they became professional caretakers, “reactive rather than proactive, corrective instead of preemptive, rule bound and hamstrung and anything but visionary.” 28
The environmental movement galvanized by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring achieved great success in regulating pollution — influencing the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act (1970), the Clean Water Act (1972), and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency — but it was less successful in compelling a truly sustainable program of land use. Put another way, it had tremendous influence over how we live, but almost none over where we live. It was in this era that Ian McHarg produced the seminal work that would make him the most consequential landscape architect of the last half century. McHarg was a singular figure in the field, a public intellectual who mixed with people like Margaret Mead, Julian Huxley, and Loren Eiseley, moving between academia (as chair of landscape architecture at Penn), government (as an adviser to White House commissions, task forces, and environmental policy boards), and popular media (as host of the CBS show The House We Live In); and through these activities he sought to place environmental design at the center of American life. He aimed to reinvent nearly everything about the discipline of landscape architecture — its methods of inquiry, its scope and scale of impact, and its cultural and political position. For a brief moment, it seemed he would succeed.
Landscape architects have not yet meaningfully dealt with the unforeseen consequences of McHarg’s rational philosophy; with the fact that his technocratic legacy would leave the field ill-equipped to negotiate the major cultural and political realignments of neoliberalism — the hollowing out of governments at every level, the privatization of public services, and a waning belief in the ability of governments to bring about big, positive change. 34 Beginning in the 1980s, urbanists and designers were forced to defend everything from clean air to mass transit to public education through the narrow lens of cost-benefit analyses. Landscape architecture, a small and client-centric profession, with no real institutional or political presence, was overwhelmed by the rise of an anti-government, anti-science movement amongst conservatives. By the end of the century, landscape architecture had become once again a largely project-driven enterprise, dependent upon the elite, private interests that now shape urbanization, even in ostensibly public spaces. 35
At key political flashpoints of the past decade — Occupy Wall Street, the Standing Rock protests, and, now, the Green New Deal — landscape architects have been conspicuously absent. Our field has responded to neoliberalism with ever larger global corporate practices, a proliferation of boutique design firms, and a retreat from public service. We have ceded most government work to engineers. Professional societies have further depoliticized the field, ensuring that landscape architects are locked out of the policymaking process and constrained by the limits it imposes. 36
The revival of an activist federal design bureaucracy is necessary to the success of a Green New Deal. It also presents a unique opportunity to create alternative models of practice in landscape architecture.
That means our professional societies need to find ways to train a rising generation of landscape architects for careers in public service — or, as the organizers behind The Architecture Lobby have shown us, we will need to build new institutions. Starting tomorrow, the ASLA and Landscape Architecture Foundation could offer awards and fellowships for designers engaged in bureaucratic and political work, as they do for excellence in private practice. They could make the case that truly public spaces and infrastructures are funded by taxes and run by governments, not by corporate partners or the donor class. We need to dismantle the philosophies of neoliberalism and philanthrocapitalism that underwrite many urban development projects, and withdraw support for disruptive urban tech startups. As Levinson writes, “not only are the self-appointed change agents unwilling to push for meaningful action that might threaten the systems that have allowed them to accumulate vast wealth; often as not they’ve caused or contributed to the very problems they are claiming to solve. The modus operandi is not structural reform but personal generosity. The arena is not electoral politics but the free market. The ethos is patronage and volunteerism.” 45 Too many leaders in our field occupy positions of incredible power and prestige, while maintaining that they must make the best of a bad system. But we cannot be content with merely narrowing the gap between our ideals and our reality. The politics of design belong at the center of landscape architecture, and our institutions have an obligation to do more.
We need to train a rising generation of landscape architects for careers in public service. Students will need coursework in public administration and finance, political theory, and community organizing.
Educators, too, have a unique responsibility to change the culture of the profession. The students who wish to fill the ranks of the new design bureaucracy need coursework in public administration and finance, political theory, and community organizing. We can offer scholarships and awards for public-interest achievement, and give internship credit for working with political campaigns or community organizations. And we can acknowledge — through our public programs, our scholarship, and other aspects of design education outside the studio — the extraordinary moment we are in, our complicity in creating it, and our responsibility to develop alternatives.
Whatever form the Green New Deal eventually takes, it will be realized and understood through buildings, landscapes, and other public works. Landscape architects have knowledge and skills — from ecological management to systems analysis to mapping and visualization — that are essential to that project. Now is our chance to re-institutionalize design expertise in government and, at the same time, to break the stranglehold of neoliberalism that has long undermined the ambitions of landscape architecture. Let’s get started. 46
A view that engenders heated debate and angry responses from ecologists and conservationists is questioned by Yolanda van Heezik, in an essay on the Nature of CIties. Although this essay adreeeses the topic of exotic versus local fauna, it is equally valid when considering vegetation.
“This emphasis on killing introduced species to protect native ones makes me wonder how much people involved in these activities think about why they are willing to kill some to protect others. Why do they value native species above others?”
Endemic faunas and floras make a country unique, and it is that uniqueness that engenders among its human inhabitants a sense of place or identity. Those species with populations that respond best to predator control are the most deeply endemic ones; in New Zealand they are species that have evolved for millions of years in an environment with no mammalian predators. The only terrestrial mammalian species native to New Zealand are a couple of species of rather small, insectivorous bats. When urban residents band together to trap rats or possums, it is to protect these vulnerable, endemic, native species — they want to be able to share their living spaces with them and encounter them as part of their day-to-day lives, rather than having to travel to special predator-free areas such as offshore islands to see them. NZ’s Department of Conservation’s Threatened Species Ambassador, Nicola Toki, argues that native species and introduced predators in New Zealand cannot co-exist, and that it is the indigenous subset of our biodiversity that fundamentally defines us as a nation.
This emphasis on killing introduced species to protect native ones makes me wonder how much people involved in these activities actually think about why they are willing to kill some to protect others, i.e., why they value native species above others? There has been long-standing, ongoing debate in the scientific literature on how introduced species should be managed, with some scientists arguing that the paradigm of native/non-native is no longer relevant in highly modified environments, such as urban landscapes (Davis 2011). Instead, proponents of this school of thought assert that environmental management should involve acceptance of alien species and novel ecosystems. Conciliation ecology is thought by some to be the morally acceptable course of action (references in Russell & Blackburn 2017), but is soundly rejected by others.
While there is no doubt in New Zealand that the introduction of predatory mammals into a fauna that evolved without any mammalian predator has had a disastrous impact on many of NZ’s native species, not everyone in NZ agrees with Nicola Toki’s sentiments or the concept of valuing native species above others. For example, one opponent to the “predator-free” concept asserts that “we can’t keep erasing the fact that the species that we introduced, whether managed or not, are ‘ours’ too — even the ones we later decided were a mistake. They’re our responsibility as well. And a future where people learn to accept the presence of our introduced species is not so horrifying.”
This view is being echoed more frequently in the media; in a recent opinionpiece in The Press, columnist Joe Bennett writes:
“We like our birds here. They’re our signature fauna. No-one else has got them and we haven’t got much else. But among birds we practise apartheid. We distinguish between birds that are — and here’s an adjective that chinks like a gold coin — native, and those that are not. Native birds are first-class citizens who can do no wrong. The rest are the rest and the magpie is among them. It’s an Australian import, loud, boorish, a bird to deride.”
At a more general level, in other countries, criticism has been leveled by social scientists at those advocating for native species, labelling it as a form of anti-immigrant nativism. They claim that the removal of non-natives reflects an anti-immigrant, racist, political discourse (Mastnak et al. 2014). They draw our attention to the Nazi policy of removing non-native plants, and by doing so implicitly associate the protection of native species with Nazism. An alternative perspective is that many current ecological problems are a legacy of colonialism, a process of settlement of plants, animals and people that resulted in the uprooting of native plants and indigenous peoples (Mastnak et al. 2014). This was certainly the case in New Zealand, where we even had an “Acclimatization Society” whose role was to introduce many species from the UK, where most settlers originated from, and create landscapes populated by familiar species. After early waves of extinctions this process was thought to be a means of restoring biodiversity to a depleted environment. Advocating for native plantings then becomes a process of decolonisation, which is ethically appropriate.
Others advocate for the middle-ground; they both question the dichotomy between native and non-native, but at the same time acknowledge that low-impact, non-native species should be tolerated, and that control methods to remove alien pest species can also be contentious if they involve the use of toxins (Shackelford et al. 2011). Some critics have raised the issue of involving children in the process of systematically killing predators, but also the militaristic dimensions of the entire exercise, which uses terminology such as “war on predators”, or “under siege”, and what some consider to be xenophobic expressions (Schlaepfer et al. 2010 ). Simberloff (2003) discusses the claims and suggests that it is impossible to prove that aesthetic preferences for native species are infected by nativism or xenophobia. He points out that those who criticise efforts to control non-native pest species often ignore their ecological and economic impacts, which alone comprise a valid, ethical rationale for managing introduced species.
Planting with species that thrive on less than 500mm of winter rainfall a year is the new reality for landscaping in Cape Town.
The politicians may have done away with the Day Zero concept, but the realities of the water situation in the Western Cape remains dire.
Water restrictions and the price of potable water have encouraged a new landscaping reality. The foundation of this reality is based on landscaping with plants that thrive with less than 500mm of winter rainfall. And in our current era of climate change, coping with dramatically wet years – followed by dramatically dry years.
Highs and lows
With an average rainfall of 464mm per annum, South Africa remains a water scarce country. In years gone by, Cape Town’s average rainfall was 820mm per annum. In 2013 and 2014, Cape Town’s annual rainfall exceeded this average with two dramatically wet years.
The winds of change arrived in 2015. Over the past three years, the rainfall received in Cape Town has swung way below the average: 549mm in 2015, 634mm in 2016 and 499mm in 2017 – the driest year since observations began in 1921.
Against this backdrop, landscapers are practising the art of resilient landscaping. “We need green spaces in our cities”, says Norah de Wet, Chairperson of the South African Landscapers’ Institute (SALI). “Professional landscapers are at the forefront of securing the intrinsic value of properties across the Western Cape by refitting, rehabilitating, restoring and installing resilient landscapes”.
Planting for resilience
“Choosing plants that can thrive in a winter rainfall area with less that 500mm a year of rainfall is key to the concept of resilient landscaping in the Western Cape”, says Deon van Eeden from Vula Environmental Services. “Only with a sound knowledge of fynbos flora, can one succeed in designing water wise, ecologically sound, resilient landscapes for the winter rainfall area”, he adds.
Public spaces are having a moment. People from outside the field of urban planning are beginning to notice the vital contributions that they make to our quality of life: inserting nature and cultural memory into the everyday, reminding us of our collective responsibilities, supporting democratic expression. People are also beginning to notice the subtle ways in which those contributions are being eroded by threats of privatization, corporate appropriation, and apathy.
Most acutely, this moment is brought to us by Apple, which has begun an aggressive retail rebranding effort to re-conceptualize its stores as “town squares,” and wrought a wave of well-founded concern. Technology continues to beckon us away from the need to leave our homes or interact face-to-face with other humans. If for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, it would follow that opportunities for such interpersonal interaction become a luxury we begin to seek, a call to remember our origin as social beings.
Not to give technology too outsized a role in this moment, politics also plays a part: political progress often demands a physical place to exercise our first amendment rights (or to fight for them). Large, visible public spaces are a natural home. Americans in particular have recently discovered that places we treat like public spaces—airports, for example—are, in fact, the domain of private companies, or are at risk of being ceded to private companies. When we see public spaces as a physical extension of our rights, we begin to approach their true value to our society.
I can distinctly remember, during a cross-country bus tour in college, stepping off the bus on Main Street in Greenville, SC. We were greeted by wide sidewalks with bountiful street trees, well-paved crosswalks that invited us to surf from one row of shops and storefronts to another, punctuated by public art, and terminating in a park overlooking the river. With places to sit and some protection from the elements, the street invited people to interact and to linger. This was my first personal “aha” moment that a street could be more than just a corridor for the efficient movement of automobiles—if its physical elements were designed well, it could be just as vital to the health of a place as a park.
Awaiting Day Zero: Cape Town Faces an Uncertain Water Future
After Cape Town restricted water use in February to 13 gallons per day per person, city residents now wait in increasingly long lines to collect water from the city’s natural springs. AP PHOTO/BRAM JANSSEN
South Africa’s second-largest city has pushed back the day when its taps are expected to run dry. But with its population growing and the climate warming, Cape Town, like many cities in semi-arid regions, must take decisive measures to meet its future water needs.
Backed by the iconic Table Mountain, Cape Town, South Africa’s second-largest metropolis, seduces increasing numbers of international travelers. Its charismatic neighborhoods, bright beaches, and breathtaking natural landscapes garner shelves-full of tourism awards and terabytes of glowing Instagram posts.
Recently, Cape Town also has become infamous as the home of “Day Zero,” the day when most of the city’s taps are predicted to run dry. With its major, rain-fed supply dams dangerously low after three years of drought, most of the city’s 4 million-plus residents — some rich, many desperately poor — have been facing the prospect of lining up at emergency water distribution points to collect a daily ration of just 6.6 gallons per person sometime before June or July. That’s when winter rains normally begin filling the reservoirs of this Southern Hemisphere city.
Now, largely thanks to radical conservation efforts — in January, the average Cape Town resident’s daily water quota was just one-third the amount used by the typical Californian at the height of that state’s 2016 drought — the city has reduced water consumption by 57 percent. Day Zero has been pushed back to July 9. And if the citizens of Cape Town (myself among them) continue to save as we have been, we should make it to the winter rainy season without having to line up for water.
So, disaster averted? Nothing to see here anymore? Far from it. The city’s efforts on the supply side of the water equation have been far less successful than its work on consumption. Even if the drought comes to an end in 2018 — and few experts are willing to predict that — the effects of this water crisis will be felt for years, possibly decades.
How did Cape Town, one of the best-managed and wealthiest cities in Africa, find itself on the brink of running dry?
Cape Town’s predicament provides a global warning about the difficulty of ensuring water resilience in a warming world, even if, as with Cape Town, climate change is firmly on the agenda of city managers. Most climate models predict that the Cape Town region will become not only warmer, but drier, which bodes ill for a metropolitan area whose population has roughly doubled to 4 million in the past three decades and continues to grow at 1 to 2 percent annually.
And Cape Town’s rushed efforts to boost water supply by tapping into aquifers, including some in national parks and provincial nature reserves, are damaging valuable ecosystems and putting rare species at risk of extinction. The agricultural sector, including the Cape region’s world-renowned wine industry, has been forced to sharply cut back on irrigation, which is reducing production and leaving tens of thousands of people out of work.
So how did Cape Town, one of the best-managed and wealthiest cities in Africa, find itself on the brink of running dry? The city has, after all, won awards for its work on climate change. South Africa has some of the world’s most detailed, progressive water laws and deep expertise in water science and management, climate science, and meteorology. The city has mapped projected sea level rise and convened countless climate change adaptation planning sessions. Last year, Cape Town’s mayor said, “We cannot plan anything without factoring in the impact of climate change.”
A simple (and perhaps simplistic) answer to the cause of the current crisis is that rainfall was well below average for three years in a row, that no one could have or did predict that, and thus serious action to reduce water consumption — which should have begun in 2016 — came too late. The crisis has exposed significant weaknesses in scientists’ ability to forecast weather on a seasonal scale, which is when it matters to city managers and farmers, and predict rainfall on an annual or decadal scale, which is when it matters to developers of large-scale infrastructure, such as raising dam heights and building desalination plants.
The southwestern part of South Africa has a Mediterranean climate much like the central coast of California, with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters (June through August.) The winter rains fill the six large dams around the city that form the core of the Western Cape Water Supply System (WCWSS), which services the vast majority of the city’s residential and industrial water users, as well as farming areas and smaller towns nearby.
The winter rains are generally very reliable. Using historical rainfall data, Piotr Wolski of the Climate Systems Analysis Group at the University of Cape Town has determined that a multi-year drought as severe as the current one would only be expected once every few hundred years, perhaps less than once in a millennium. The ongoing drought in the catchments of the WCWSS dams, he writes, “is indeed very, very rare, and thus very, very severe.” The historical rainfall record indicates that, having had two poor rainfall years in a row (2015 and 2016), the chances of a third bad year – especially one as bad as 2017 – were extremely remote.
In addition to historical data pointing to the extremely low likelihood of 2017’s winter being dry, the South African Weather Service modeled a three-month seasonal forecast for the winter of 2017 that predicted higher than average rainfall.Notwithstanding that seasonal rainfall forecasts for the Cape region are notoriously unreliable, it appears that officials were left feeling less urgency to impose hugely unpopular water restrictions or push forward with expensive water infrastructure projects early in the year.
Experts have long warned that Cape Town would find itself in a water crisis caused by converging drought, population growth, and the failure to secure new water resources. But because of uncertainties in water consumption rates and in weather and climate prediction, it’s been hard to fix a date.
The city’s water consumption has fallen from 317 million gallons per day in early 2015 to about 137 million gallons per day.
The High Line in New York City. Photo: David Maddox
Urban ecology has expanded in the last couple decades as a major, global, interdisciplinary field that advances biodiversity, sustainability, and fundamental ecological research in the context of cities and urbanization. With all this accumulated learning, has urban ecology made its mark in the field of ecology more generally?
In some of the most important peer-reviewed ecology journals, and on social media, it seems even the most basic of urban ecology concepts have yet to be appreciated or incorporated in the broader ecology discipline. For example, it’s been 25 years since Humans as Components of Ecosystems was published, and yet many ecologists still don’t see humans as part of how we define and study nature—despite the fact that every ecosystem on earth is affected by, and has effects on, people.
The High Line in New York City. Photo: David Maddox
In November 2017, Nature Ecology and Evolution published a major review of the field of ecology, titled “100 articles every ecologist should read” (behind a paywall, unfortunately). It must be noted that the list was a product of a extensive survey of ecologists. Nevertheless, many ecologists around the world took exception to the lack of gender and racial diversity, and its general lack of inclusivity (see here, here, and here). Notably lacking from these academic discussions has been a recognition of core contributions from urban ecology to how we understand, manage, and plan ecosystems on our urban planet.
It begs the question: what would a reading list be for the discipline of ecology in the Anthropecene? But we are getting ahead of ourselves.
No one disputes that the 100 papers listed by Nature Ecology and Evolution are important in the history of ecology. Indeed, everyone should read these papers. But is this the right list of 100 papers to understand ecology today? There are other papers that should make a reading list for a complete understanding of modern ecology. An alternative version of a “key reading” prompt could be this: what are the 100 papers that every ecologist must read to understand ecology today, in the Anthropocene? Social ecology, biophilia, justice, poverty, gender, values, the Global South, design, climate change, policy; these are just some of the topics that are core material for understanding the broad science of ecology today, These topics are largely missing from the 100 papers list.
And also missing, of course, is urban ecology.
As it happens, urban ecology routinely includes the aforementioned list of additional topics: social ecology, biophilia, justice, policy, and so on. How does urban ecology advance the state of the art in ecology more generally? It advances our understanding of how our current world works, how it might work better, and it lays foundations to turn that learning towards pressing Anthropocene challenges, both urban and non-urban.
We asked a diverse group to help our non-urban ecological colleagues understand some of the most important contributions from urban ecology for advancing the field of ecology. We asked them this question: What is one thing every ecologist should know about urban ecology? (We asked them to suggest a reading also—a start on a reading list.)
Along the way, let’s expand the idea of “ecology”.
By Timothy Brown Principal at Traverse Landscape Architects
As a landscape architect, my experience has often been that we are brought in late on a project to “shrub it up”. The most unfortunate part about this is that owners and developers are being deprived of the chance to have a much richer and more significant project.
Below I offer eleven reasons why landscape design should be considered and landscape architects should be included throughout the project development process.
1. The landscape is the warp and weft which can weave a disparate collection of buildings into a cohesive city, community or campus.
2. Whether they are biking, walking or driving, people most often experience a place from ground level, and landscape provides the interest and impetus which inspires people to return in order to spend time in a place.
3. Vibrant native plantings, flexible plaza spaces, legible and convenient pathways and wayfinding provide a framework within which critical placemaking events can happen, contributing to the overall success of a place
4. Landscape architects are often the keepers of a holistic vision and balance on a project, reconciling the sometimes conflicting design aspirations of architects, engineers, owners and developers.
5. Landscape touches every component of a development project and is a major factor inspiring people to live in a place or return as a visitor.
6. As this article from Time Magazine asserts, access to high-quality green spaces and nature makes people happier, improves physical and mental health and improves our overall sense of well-being. (Also See: WHO)
7. Well-designed landscapes, especially in neighborhoods and on campuses, contribute to an overall sense of well-being by providing places for people to meet up for a walk, for collaboration or to just chat. People places are successful places.
8. Well-designed landscapes provide a myriad of ecosystem services, not the least of which include groundwater recharge, habitat creation, and mitigation of urban heat island impacts.
9. Using vernacular materials in innovative ways, referencing natural landscapes with native plantings and providing places for people to gather, recreate and relax are just a few ways that well-designed landscapes contribute to a culturally impactful and potent sense of place.
10. Landscape architects are trained to look closely at all the existing conditions of a site. The inclusion of landscape architects from the beginning of the process can avoid costly mistakes down the road and ensure the preservation of historically important vegetation and site artifacts.
11. Well-designed landscapes bring people closer to the places where they live work and play, giving them a place to dwell, promoting stewardship and inspiring advocacy.
These are just a few of the many reasons landscape architects should be an integral member of the development team starting from project conception.
Good evening. It’s a great honour to have been asked to give this evening’s Kevin Lynch Memorial Lecture, and a special honour to be doing so on behalf of Bill Hillier, who is unable to join us. Bill sends his best wishes to the Urban Design Group.
First, I can’t do justice in the time available to the breadth and depth of Bill’s genius. And I use the word genius carefully. I believe, as do many others, that he is a genius.
I may only this evening touch on concepts that each deserve a more lengthy explanation and discussion. And, likewise, on the hundreds of urban planning and building design projects that Bill and Space Syntax have helped create over the past four decades.
But what I hope I will do is paint a picture of Bill’s achievement – albeit a personal one.


Cheap chinese Suspension for Xiaomi m365 How to mount it
This is cheap copy of Monorim suspension which i recommend , but if U need soemthing trully cheap for simple city ride then this one will do job. let meshow you how to innstall it.
It will come in box
Remove side covers from the front fork and front wheel
Now remove the fork, at first unscrew top middle screw and then 2 sides one and remove the fork.
Add on the steerer tube included parts like I did and use old bearing & don’t forget to add some extra grease on moving parts.
Quite importnat thing you have to shorten this top bolt for about 3-5mm, otherwise there will be no way to tight top and bottom part of the fork
No worries if there will be 2 parts left, new fork got a little bit different mount system?.
U can also easily install front mud guard
How to hack a lime scooter. Take the Ninebot ES2 to a whole new level by doing a factory reset and a GPS removal. Learn how to get custom firmware and circuit boards for the Segway Ninebot electric scooter to convert the Lime scooter into a personal scooter! After feeling disappointed with the difficulty level to convert Bird’s first generation scooter, the Xiaomi MIJIA M365, to a personal scooter I’ve started to look for a new project. You can check out the Xiaomi MIJIA M365 project here. My sites are now focused on seeing if I can do the same thing with Bird’s second generation scooter, the Segway Ninebot. The expectation is things will be more difficult this time around since both Lime and Bird have the same scooter model in their fleet. I’ll be attempting to convert both companies scooters to function independently from the Bird or Lime platform. I’ve gone to eBay for sourcing the OEM parts from China. Unfortunately, I’ll be waiting until late December or even January for them to show up. To view images REGISTER or LOGIN for full access.
Thanks for the tutorial – I actually bought this kit a month ago but couldn’t understand how to mount it. I know why now, mine didn’t come with the small bag of parts. Does anybody know what the contents of the bag are? Is this fitting ring one of the parts inside the bag? www.ebay.com.au/itm/For-Xiaomi-Electric-Scooter-M365-Accessories-Fixed-Ring-Ny85099-Scooter-Wr/163954217651?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649


text:
17 Factual Statements About Sexual Violence and Intercourse Work
1. ) Intercourse employees encounter high quantities of intimate physical violence. Globally, intercourse employees have 45 to 75% potential for experiencing violence that is sexual some point in their jobs and a 32 to 55per cent potential for experiencing intimate physical violence in a provided 12 months.
2. ) assault that is sexual individuals involved intercourse work (especially criminalized kinds of intercourse work) in the us can also be high. In Phoenix, AZ 37percent of prostitution diversion program individuals report being raped by a client, and 7.1% report being raped with a pimp. In Miami, FL, 34% of street-based intercourse employees reported encounters that are violent consumers in past times ninety days. In ny, 46% of interior intercourse employees reported being obligated to make a move by a customer which they failed to might like to do, and over 80% of street-based intercourse employees experienced violence.
Pokračovat ve čtení „17 Factual Statements About Sexual Violence and Intercourse Work“

domain: sociology


text:
Hero Dogs Sandy (front) working hard at Puppy II training class - we are working on timed sit/stay down/stay and stand/stay and then added a bouncing ball and a wooden wobble duck for distractions! Next picture Hero Dogs Sandy is working on leave it - she’s focused on the bone on the pavement and she just looks away for the click and treat! Great class tonight - especially all the games we played-ie musical chairs! #herodogsinc#herodogsintraining#puppytraining#funandgames @herodogshawkeye @herodogsbetty @herodogsdip @herodogspearl @herodogscandy @herodogsbarney @herodogscaptain @herodogsderby
Finley getting some playtime after a training session with one of our fun rope toys from @properpupssnacksvt 💖🐾. We love ending young pups training lessons with some interactive play. It helps drain energy, builds relationship and channels puppy behaviors like pawing, biting and chasing to an appropriate outlet.
“YOUR NATURE EFFECTS HOW YOU ABSORB YOUR NUTURE” -FDT 🐾 🐶 When you hear trainers talk about puppies you may hear things like: create the dog you want, start now and mold the dog of your dreams, imprint your puppy to be social with other dogs, like the water and swimming, love all people and children.👨👩👧👦 🐶 That’s the bubble and I’m going to pop it. Can you condition a puppy to be comfortable with being bathed and nail trims? Yes. Can you properly socialize a puppy so it likes dogs and people? Yes. With one puppy sure. With the other you can do all of that positive association training for months during the critical imprinting window and as an adult dog, they still may struggle in those areas that you worked so hard for them not to struggle in. Why? 🤨 Genetics. 🧬 part of that being....your dog’s nervous system sensitivity and structure. I have raised multiple litters of puppies and I will tell you this. YOU CANNOT OUT-NUTURE NATURE. Go ahead, try it. You can’t. It’s kind of like throwing darts at a board. Somethings will stick, and others things just won’t. Your dog’s genetics and their personal make up affect how they are absorbing all of those experiences.😬 🐶 This does not mean that we don’t recommend giving a puppy the best start possible. We preach that from the rooftop. A lot of the things you do will stick. But don’t be discouraged when some of it doesn’t. Don’t feel like a failure. Learning to change your expectations of how your dog turns out as an adult is way more important.🤯 🐶 If you have an ideal image in your head of a perfect dog, honestly, you may be better off adopting an adult dog or buying an adult dog from a breeder so you know essentially how they came out in the wash. Again, please don’t let anything I’m saying deter you from trying to mold your dream dog. Some of you will get exactly what you worked for. But the truth is others will not, and I’m here to tell you
For his socialization outing, Cody and I went to his future groomer, Cheeky Bubbles, to the El Dorado Country Pet store, to Cameron Vet where we were so lucky to meet 7 week old Scout, practiced some patio manners outside Arable and hung out outside some shops across the street. We met lots of people, practiced manners when seeing dogs on leash, and of course, made a new puppy friend on Scout. Thank you to each place we visited who were so lovely and let us come in and socialize! When we first got to the groomers, Cody was too scared to go inside. The smells and noises were too much. Remember that socialization means positive experiences to novelty, so it was so important to back off and work up to it! Instead of pulling him inside or picking him up and going in, I opened the door, gave a bunch of treats and snuggles, and moved away when he needed. We repeated that a few times and then he was very happy to trot through the door on his own and was greeted by a lovely staff member who gave him loads of snuggles and scritches. And he got more treats inside! Socialize those puppies. #socializeyourpuppy#puppysocialization#usefood#socializesocializesocialize #socializationismorethanjustexposure #cutepuppies#cavapoosofinstagram#cavapoopuppy#puppytraining#empoweredpuppypackage#eldoradosantafe#puppiesofsantafe#dogtrainer
Toaster, Miniature Labradoodle (8 y/o), Riverwood, Portland, OR • “He’s gotten into fights with other dogs and a raccoon once, so he doesn’t like other dogs and is scared of dogs that look like raccoons. He’s named after the evil villains in Battlestar Galactica and the Instagram filter is named after him.” @toasterpup Via @thedogist FOLLOW 👉@alldogsneedahome FOLLOW 👉@alldogsneedahome
We’re throwing it back to when this cutie joined our class — it’s WINSTON! He’s a 5-month-old Goldendoodle and has been working so hard on all learning all his good-boy puppy skills. 🤗 He’s been doing AH-MAZ-ING in our class (you may have caught him a few times showing off in our Stories 😉) AND he’s going to be one of our students performing at this coming Sunday’s live demo at the California Science Center! 🤩 Every other Sunday we participate in the incredible Dogs! A Science Tail exhibit, teaching families about the importance of puppy training, and letting them see what our students can do! 🐶 We have a link in our bio with all the details, and if you’re in the LA area, this exhibit is a MUST! We’re doing 3 shows at 10:30am, 11:30am and 12:30pm this Sunday April 28th — if you’re there, come say hi! We have some special gifts for our IG family! We’ve always got some extra lovin’ for you all! ❣ #tbt#throwbackthursday#goldendoodle#goldendoodlepuppy#dogsasciencetail#californiasciencecenter#puppytraining#puppyschool#thepuppyacademy
Try the Replacement Theory Replacement theory is a way to keep your puppy from chewing on inappropriate things. Remember, he doesn’t know any better. So when you catch him with your shoe, firmly say no, take it away, and replace it with something your puppy is allowed to chew on. #newfoundlandpuppy#newfiesofinstagram

domain: pet


text:
A word of warning: be very wary of “keto” or “low carb” versions of cakes, cookies, chocolate bars, candies, ice cream, and other sweets. They might maintain people’s cravings for a sugary taste, and can make you eat more than you need. They are often full of sugar alcohols – that can raise your blood sugar – and artificial sweeteners, whose health impacts are not yet known. Weight loss may also stall or slow. Learn more
One of the foods that people must completely eliminate while adhering to ketogenic diets is fruit juice. This is because fruit juices are a concentrated source of carbohydrates and sugar, and some may have added sugars. If you think there's already a lot of sugar in that mango or apple, don't even consider going near most commercially produced juices.
How much is “enough protein,” and how does that translate into actual meat on your plate? U.S. dietary guidelines prescribe protein based on body weight (a minimum of 0.36 grams per pound of body weight, if you want to bust out your calculator). But that’s the minimum necessary to stay alive and prevent deficiency, not the right amount for optimal health or weight loss. The classic ketogenic diet has a ratio of 4:1 fat grams:(protein grams + carb grams), meaning that the diet would be less than 20% protein by weight (grams) and 10% protein by calories. People who want to put on muscle – or people who want to lose weight more easily – often eat closer to 30% protein by calories, which is probably fine and maybe even helpful for keto weight loss, since protein helps suppress hunger. It’s perfectly fine to eat on the low end – keto isn’t necessarily a high-protein diet – but there’s a big range of totally reasonable options.
So I only had 24 oz of cream cheese, but I decided to wing it. My 9 in cheesecake pan is silicone and not very deep. After mixing everything ( did everything else by recipe, just less cream cheese) I had too much filling, so I also filled 5 silicone cupcake liners and baked it in a water bath on the lower rack. At 35 minutes the large cake was starting to brown but the small ones were still white, but seemed pretty solid, so I took them out and cooled them. Then at 45 minutes, the big cake seemed almost too brown, so I pulled it out. A couple hours in the fridge and the small ones( with no crust) popped out of the silicone liners and were super delicious. The big one came away from the sides cleanly and it would have been ready to eat already, but we already ate the little ones, so tomorrow we will see how yummy the cake is with crust. Yay for cheesecake!
Vitamin C is an important water-soluble vitamin we need for the biosynthesis of collagen, certain proteins, and neurotransmitters. Your brain also heavily relies on vitamin C for antioxidant defense. Adults generally need around 75-120 mg of vitamin C daily to maintain these functions . The problem with vitamin C is that it degrades when exposed to heat and light, so unlike fruit, cooked vegetables are not the best source of this nutrient.
Before I let you enjoy this quick and simple (but not just “another-one-out-there”) recipe, I’d like to point out that using full-fat Greek yogurt is important. Xanthan gum, on the other hand, can be an optional ingredient, but I do recommend using it. That way you higher the chances for the fluffy pancakes to gain just the right amount of firmness.
Notice that things like Hot Dogs and Sausage are listed. There are also other meats that contain carbs. A big part of Keto is making sure you’re eating good quality foods with whole ingredients. Processed meats like these often have fillers and sugars. If you eat these occasionally, it’s not the end of the world. However, even if you’re hitting your macros, we recommend limiting processed foods like these meats.
As mentioned above, nuts are high in fat, which makes them great for ketosis. However, this fact also makes nuts high in calories. If you’re on a ketogenic diet for weight loss, then eating a lot of nuts could make it really tough for you to lose weight. For example, 100 grams of macadamia nuts contains 718 calories! While calories are not the only thing that matters for weight-loss, they do still play a part, so watching your calorie intake will be important if you’re looking to lose weight by going on a ketogenic diet.
This is such a pretty dish that you could serve it for breakfast or as a dessert after a family meal. The layers of chia, fruit and creamy yogurt are just crying out for you to tuck in! You can also change the fruits for added color if you like – blueberries are great in this recipe. When you reach the chia seed layer you will get a wonderful hit from the ginger and cinnamon, setting off the flavor of the fruit.
Thank you, Ashlee! To keep the texture the same, use lemon zest or lemon extract. Lemon juice isn’t potent enough and you’d need so much that the texture would change. I haven’t tested the amount of lemon zest or extract yet, but I’d try about a tablespoon of zest or 1 1/2 tsp of extract. You can add it before adding the eggs and taste (since there are no raw ingredients before adding eggs). Just keep in mind that at that stage you’ll want it more potent than the end result, since the eggs will dilute it a little. Let me know how it goes!
Strawberries and currants have fairly high sugar content in the 7 to 9 gram-per-cup serving range. Cranberries and raspberries, on the other hand, only have between 4.5 and 5.5 grams. You should be aware that it's not just about sugar, though — the total carbs in raspberries come out to 14.7 grams per serving, while cranberries have 13.4 grams per serving. Despite this, it's easy to have half a serving of any of these berries as part of a dessert or morning smoothie and still be within keto diet parameters.
However, you have to be careful how much of these keto nuts you eat. Too much can lead to selenium toxicity which causes nausea, vomiting, and brittle hair and nails. Besides selenium, Brazil nuts can help you reach your macros because they're almost 70% fat. They contain the perfect balance of both PUFA and MUFA fats. Studies on these keto nuts show that they're especially notable as antioxidant foods, protecting against cancer .
This is delicious, but I am very confused by the macros. What sour cream are you using? I use full-fat (14%) sour cream, and it also has 2 carbs, but that’s per 2 tablespoon serving! That means 1/2 cup would be 8 carbs, and 180 calories just for the sour cream alone. I can’t imagine what kind of sour cream you have that would be only 1/4 of those numbers…can you please share? Thanks!
This cheesecake is in the oven baking as we speak. I did use crushed pecans with some cinnamon added along with your other ingredients. The filling looks and tastes AMAZING (I know, I know, it has raw eggs in it). I was about to give up on Keto because quite frankly every recipe I tried just wasnt tasting great. Then I found your site! I also made some of the caramel sauce and I must say that is fantastic all on it’s own. Thank you so much for sharing your recipes! I look forward to making many more.
Many people on the Keto diet avoid eating yogurt as it can be very high in carbohydrates, so using coconut cream can be the answer! You still get the thick and creamy consistency you are used to but without the extra carbs. The process takes a couple of days to allow for fermentation but after that, the yogurt will keep in the fridge for up to a week, so this recipe could become your weekend task!
These taste so freaking good. I used this filling and the crust/baking directions from the pina colada cheesecake cupcake recipe. The only thing I would change is to make sure to include directions to beat the eggs into the cream cheese/sweetener mixture on the lowest speed to avoid getting air bubbles in there!!! I beat them too fast and ended up with cheesecakes that puffed way up in the oven and the deflated when they cooled and it made the texture a little off. Planning on making them again sometime because they seriously taste amazing and were pretty easy, just sucks because I was making these for graduation and made 2.5 dozen and none turned out right 🙁
This recipe is just amazing!!! Thank you for sharing! Quick question for you: I came up with 6 net carbs a serving (using Wellbee’s flour and taking all swerve carbs out if the equation). I see your nutrition facts list 3 but then a comment you wrote said 5. Any idea which it actually is for you and any guesses what the discrepancies could be?? Thanks again!
Although rhubarb is a vegetable, it is culinary fruit. The plant's leaf stalks are the only edible part noted for their tart and slightly sweet taste. Rhubarb complements strawberries well in desserts but there are many other ways to use this low-carb keto diet fruit. Studies show that rhubarb has powerful healing properties with evidence that it can even fight sepsis .
Not in the mood for cake? Brownies definitely come second on that list of delicious treats that we want once we turn to a ketogenic diet. You can easily make keto brownies that you can fully enjoy without having to fight against the craving to have more. Besides using almond flour and other mixtures of flours, you can make them out of avocado as well.
Try to replace all soda and juice consumption with something that has no sugar or only trace amounts of sugar. Switch out fruit juices for low-carb smoothies and tea. Tea comes in a variety of flavors that can help you get through the day if you get tired of water. There are a variety of different smoothies you can make for a meal replacement or as a quick snack as well.
These were super yummy!!! I used Mexican Style Shredded Cheese by Kroger which has less than 1 gram of carbs and 100 calories per ounce. My daughter and I each had 1 taco. She loved it! We both loved how much more flavor there was than regular tacos shells. I’m thinking about using this as a crust for pizza, too! Cheese crust! Yum! Thank you for this recipe!!!
Other popular citrus fruits, like oranges, grapefruit and tangerines, have higher sugar content. Oranges, for example, have about 17 grams of sugar and 21.3 grams of total carbs in each fruit. While this doesn't mean you can't have a small piece of fruit like this on occasion, too much will easily knock you out of ketosis and interfere with your ketogenic diet.
Potential Health Benefits: Improvements in lipid profile. In one study, people with mildly elevated cholesterol consumed 30 grams (1 ounce) of hazelnuts for 4 weeks. By the end of the study, they had significant reductions in total cholesterol and cholesterol: HDL ratio. In addition, they experienced a significant decrease in apo-B, reflecting a reduction in their LDL particle number (16).

domain: food


text:
Here are some PubMed stories I am interested in and have been following. Maybe you will be interested in some of the topics too: Dietary Supplement Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease… Read More »The Latest UC Research
science and research into the ulcerative colitis, or gastrointestinal world.
Here’s a brief update of a select few stories/research documents that have been published recently. As you’ll see below, the topics vary quite a bit, but are all centered around Inflammatory Bowel Disease and specifically Ulcerative Colitis which is what we/I are/am most interested in right? :)
***(Below is an email I received over the weekend, this kind doctor was my contact several years ago when I was sending in my poop samples via airmail for part of the study, super pumped that he sent this update,… Read More »Specific Carbohydrate Case Series Published
As the title says, there is a new study that was published and available for everyone to read that gives some reasons for why Remicade (aka Infliximab) is better than the other biologic medications available to treat ulcerative colitis. The… Read More »Remicade or “Infliximab” is the Best Biologic…One New Study Suggests
Here is a link to some new research regarding stem cell therapy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease and another recent medical breakthrough that may soon help some UC patients

domain: medical


text: My husband and I are currently both teachers, and if I stay at home next year, we would be living on a household income of 54,000. That seems like nothing but we are trying to pay off a car loan and some medical bills before hand so that we only have to worry about fixed bills. Anyone else a SAHM on a tight budget? How do you make it work? Am I dumb for even lookin into this lol!

domain: economics


text:
In a developing story, Fox News is reporting that Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf has died.
WASHINGTON – A U.S. official says retired Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, who commanded the U.S.-led international coalition that drove Saddam Hussein’s forces out of Kuwait in 1991, has died. He was 78.
The official tells The Associated Press that Schwarzkopf died Thursday in Tampa, Fla. The official wasn’t authorized to release the information publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
For more see the report here.
Latest posts by BizPac Review (see all)
- Twitter gets interesting when Sheriff Clarke notices family of murdered DNC staffer is looking for help - March 23, 2017
- Busted player tries to recover after accidentally thanking his wife AND his girlfriend in live interview - March 20, 2017
- Heated presser goes off the rails when CNN’s Acosta accuses Spicer of ‘quoting’ Sean Hannity - March 16, 2017

domain: news


text:
once again a solid detailed story with an amazing narrator. this series gets better with each book. the details from the previous works really plays into each new book and adds depth and solidity.
Between work and school I don't have much time to read but I love my audible book on my 1 hr commute everyday. I love Audible!!
I love this book in the series. Jim revisits many people from Harry's past, answers questions I did not know I had, and ties up a lot of threads in the series. Very cool. Great book. I completely enjoyed it.
This is probably my favorite Dresden Files book to date. After book 12, "Changes," I was so excited to see what would happen next, and was annoyed by book 13 because only a little of that was really addressed. In this one, we finally get to see more of the consequences from his choices in "Changes," and it's EPIC. I have always been partial to fairies and they are all over this story. You get to learn a little more about Mab, see more of what's beneath her cold fairy queen exterior, and the Erlking returns! Marsters also returns as the narrator, which was very much needed.
I love the dresden files have reread/ listened to the series multiple times this books story line made me relisten to the entire series again and see details i never saw before in the other books it is awesome
lesser of evils
Jim Buther's stories keep getting better with each new round. How in the heck is that even possible? While Mr. Glover gave a passing performance on Ghost Story, it was the strength of the story itself that still made an enjoyable experience. And while his less than great performance did not kill the story, his performance was just average enough to bring down the enjoyment level for me, personally. But James Marsters in this story took what was a great story to a height otherwise unattainable in an entertainment experience. The James Marsters/Jim Butcher team-up is sublime perfection.
All of them. His mastery of characterizations and voice differentiation is unmatched in audio books. I particularly liked his portrayal of Lacuna and his delivery of the line when Harry is getting dressed and puts on the band Tee and Lacuna inquires about his weapons maker! I mean, how perfection is made in even the smallest of exchanges. Butcher is a genius of characterization and dialog. And Marsters is unsurpassed at delivery.
Spoiler alert: When Harry and Mav have that tender moment at the end, in addition to when we see who Kringle really is! Wonderful moment for me.
Yes, It is a great book with a complicated plot.
The reaction of Harry's friends to his returning from the dead as a living person instead of a ghost this time.
James Marsters does his usual excellent job dramatizing the book.
Butcher does not let you down on the humor or the one liners.
The way Harry's mouth continues to get him in trouble. Also James Marsters does a magnificent job in reading these books for audio.
Harry meets Santa.
Bob the Skull
The Winter Knight is coming.

domain: literature


text:
Play review by Julia Pattison: Mikron’s A Dog’s Tale at Scarcroft Allotments
Play: A Dog’s Tale
Venue: Scarcroft Allotments, York
Review by: Julia Pattison
Mikron has always been a theatre company who mucks in- all hands on deck when travelling on the narrow boat Tyseley, and at every rural venue.
And that was the case when I arrived to take my socially distanced allotted slot at Scarcroft Allotments on a beautiful summer evening; like bees buzzing, the cast of four busied themselves welcoming and then escorting audience members to their places, selling merchandise, tuning up instruments and so on.
Then the canine comedy capers began, with veteran Mikron actor James Mclean getting our immediate attention playing his trombone in the role of Charles Cruft, a showman known in his lifetime as the “British Barnum” – perfect casting as James is a born showman.
James was soon joined by his fellow actors, all multi-talented musicians who sang like angels too (and what a joy it was to hear live music again), and we were treated to a rollicking opening musical number, Roll Up, Roll Up To Crufts!
It was good to see Rachel Benson and Elizabeth Robin back for their second year with Mikron, making the quick changes between characters, accents and instrument playing seem effortless.
Rachel played Linda, for a lot of the time, on a mission to find her scruffy, but beloved pooch, ‘Gary’ who’d been dognapped…
Both owner and dog were lost in their different ways, and it made great theatre watching the journey they made, and all the characters met along the way.
Actor Thomas Cotran was joining Mikron for the first time; you’d have never have known it, he was very much at ease in his many roles, especially as earnest Daniel, an Animal Welfare Protester.
All the cast worked brilliantly as an ensemble, as well as shining equally brightly in their many multi roles and in the excellent musical numbers.
The “pulling” on the leads as the actors provided the necessary barking sound effects made for great entertainment, and we soon got to know the personalities of the dogs through their owners.
A lively script and song lyrics by Poppy Hollman, delivered with energy and enthusiasm by the cast, directed by Rachel Gee, designed by Celia Perkins, and music composed and directed by Rebekah Hughes made for a ‘Mastiff’ly amusing play. Who could keep a straight face at MC Poop Dog’s Rap, or the antics of Nutty the Dog as the “Walkies” Trainer was led a merry dance?
I laughed so much I had to “paws” for breath, but as always with Mikron, I also learnt a lot, this time about the eccentric and very British world of Crufts.

domain: entertainment


text:
Weekend Giveaway: HONOR GIRL and BABA YAGA’S ASSISTANT
This weekend giveaway is sponsored by Honor Girl by Maggie Thrash and Baba Yaga’s Assistant by Marika McCool and Emily Carroll
Most children think twice before braving a haunted wood filled with terrifying beasties to match wits with a witch, but not Masha. Her beloved grandma taught her many things: that stories are useful, that magic is fickle, that nothing is too difficult or too dirty to clean. The fearsome witch of folklore needs an assistant, and Masha needs an adventure. She may be clever enough to enter Baba Yaga’s house-on-chicken-legs, but within its walls, deceit is the rule. To earn her place, Masha must pass a series of tests, outfox a territorial bear, and make dinner for her host. No easy task, with children on the menu! Spooky and poignant, Marika McCoola’s stunning debut—with richly layered art by acclaimed graphic artist Emily Carroll—is a storytelling feat and a visual feast.
Maggie Thrash has spent basically every summer of her fifteen-year-old life at the one-hundred-year-old Camp Bellflower for Girls, set deep in the heart of Appalachia. She’s from Atlanta, she’s never kissed a guy, she’s into Backstreet Boys in a really deep way, and her long summer days are full of a pleasant, peaceful nothing . . . until one confounding moment. A split-second of innocent physical contact pulls Maggie into a gut-twisting love for an older, wiser, and most surprising of all (at least to Maggie), female counselor named Erin. But Camp Bellflower is an impossible place for a girl to fall in love with another girl, and Maggie’s savant-like proficiency at the camp’s rifle range is the only thing keeping her heart from exploding. When it seems as if Erin maybe feels the same way about Maggie, it’s too much for both Maggie and Camp Bellflower to handle, let alone to understand.
We have 10 copies of Baba Yaga’s Assistant and Honor Girl to give to 10 lucky winners; each winner will receive a copy of both books. The giveaway is limited to U.S. mailing addresses only and will run until Sunday, September 20, at 11:59 PM. Winners will be notified via email and will have 48 hours to provide their mailing addresses. After that, we will move on to another winner.

domain: library


text:
Angelina Jolie (born Angelina Jolie Voight on June 4, 1975) is an American actress and Goodwill Ambassador for the UN Refugee Agency. She has received three Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and an Academy Award. Jolie has promoted humanitarian causes throughout the world, and is noted for her work with refugees through UNHCR. She has been cited as one of the world's most beautiful women and her off-screen life is widely reported.
Though she made her screen debut as a child alongside her father Jon Voight in the 1982 film Lookin' to Get Out, Jolie's acting career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 (1993). Her first leading role in a major film was in Hackers (1995). She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical films George Wallace (1997) and Gia (1998), and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Girl, Interrupted (1999). Jolie achieved wider fame after her portrayal of video game heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001), and since then has established herself as one of the best-known and highest-paid actresses in Hollywood. She has had her biggest commercial successes with the action-comedy Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005) and the animated film Kung Fu Panda (2008).
Divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton, Jolie currently lives with actor Brad Pitt, in a relationship that has attracted worldwide media attention. Jolie and Pitt have three adopted children, Maddox, Pax, and Zahara, as well as three biological children, Shiloh, Knox, and Vivienne.
When asked in 2000 if there was a God, she said, "For the people who believe in it, I hope so. There doesn't need to be a God for me." She and her partner Brad Pitt teach Buddhism to their son Maddox and have been seen frequenting Buddhist temples.
- Angelina Jolie at the Internet Movie Database
|This page uses content from the The Dhamma Wiki.'Dhamma Wiki content is released in the public domain. The Dhamma is free. The Buddha did not hold copyrights either. The sharing of the Buddha Dhamma is solely for the purpose of prolonging the buddhasasana through release.|

domain: artistic


text:
Steve Sansweet gets quoted in a story on the Harry Potter fans miffed at the Half-Blood Prince delay.
Some think the outsized reaction could actually be a boon for the studio. Steve Sansweet, who runs fan relations for George Lucas’s Lucasfilm Ltd., says “Warner Bros. should be delighted. Sure, they have a problem on their hands, but they are also seeing the passion of their fans. The real problem comes when you have fans that don’t give a damn.”
Granted, the quoted Potterheads are certainly on the raging, ranty, please-calm-down end of the spectrum, but Steve has a point. Just, uh, refrain from sticking your hands between the bars.


Try this: whip out your phone and text the biggest outdoor and survival knife enthusiast you know and ask them this – “who makes the best survival knives in the business?” Chances are, they’re going to tell you that ESEE ranks pretty high (if not the highest). Since 1997, Jeff Randall and Mike Perrin have been changing the game when it comes to the wilderness industry. Their goal is to offer realistic tools that are designed for people that are going to use and abuse them, which is why their brand has been so successful. Their ‘no questions asked’ warranty doesn’t hurt, either – you’re essentially covered for everything but rust. If you break it, they will replace it.
Even in the company’s philosophy, it clearly states that one of the most important aspects of the business is that ESEE won’t provide a piece of gear that hasn’t been tested in the real world. How seriously do they take that mission? Considering that ESEE’s founders also run an adventure and training company that regularly does jungle survival courses in the Peruvian Amazon, we’d say – very. Anyone who regularly handles outdoor knives knows the power of 1095 carbon, and ESEE is able to get more out of that steel than any other production knife company thanks to their famous heat treatment.
You know the drill by now – as the leading cutlery retailer, we’re overqualified to cherry-pick the best ESEE knives for you. Let’s begin with the knife that started it all…
General purpose field and utility knife that’s perfect for bug-out bags or survival kits
Why We Love It
What the ESEE 3 lacks in size, it more than makes up for in strength. It’s the very first knife that Jeff and Mike debuted at ESEE, essentially making it their flagship knife. The National Tactical Officers Association gave it a 4.77 out of 5, cementing its reputation as a favorite with law enforcement and military teams.
Why You’ll Love It
Like we said before, you’re going to get more out of that 1095 carbon steel than you will from any other knife company. This knife is comfortable and easy to carry thanks to its size and versatile sheath. Because this is such a popular knife model, we have over 40 iterations of the ESEE 3. From combo blades to Venom Green finishes to highly visible orange scales, we can pretty much guarantee there’s a model out there for even the most eccentric knife user.
Cold Steel is one of the most popular knife brands for tough, durable steel and heavy-duty cutting tools. Over the last three decades, Cold Steel’s innovations have put them at the forefront of the knife industry. From the introduction of their unique San Mai steel to the debut of the ultra-secure Tri-Ad lock, Cold Steel has mastered the art of creating some of the best combat and tactical weaponry in the knife business. Cold Steel’s employees aren’t just knife fanatics, they’re also weapons experts and martial artists with years of experience. What sets them apart from many other knife and tool brands is that they see the value in redefining an EDC. Cold Steel is the type of company who will try to make a pocketknife out of a machete – that’s just how they roll.
That being said, there are eight Cold Steel products that we put on a pedestal above the rest. We’ve chosen the best Cold Steel knives so that you can skip the research and get straight to performance. We can only watch Cold Steel’s Instagram for so long before we’re itching to demo their knives ourselves!
Cold Steel 20LT Tuff Lite Folding Knife
Cold Steel’s 20LT Tuff Lite is one of our favorite small utility knives on the market. This folding knife offers the strength and dependability that you’ll always find in a Cold Steel knife in a package that is compact and comfortable to carry. This American knife company knows that the best tactical EDCs have to offer an ergonomic grip for piercing cuts, so the integrated finger choil ensures a full grip that makes this knife feel like an extension of your hand. Not only is this folder the perfect size for everyday utility tasks, it’s also a great concealed carry self-defense knife. The Wharncliffe point is going to allow for deeper, more penetrating cuts without appearing overly tactical, so you’re not going to draw any attention to yourself when you have it on hand.
Check out the entire Minituff Series at KnifeCenter!
Looking for a self-defense tool for you or a loved one? We’ve picked out eight tactical essentials that make perfect gifts – even if you just end up treating yourself!
KnifeCenter is the original and largest online catalog of cutlery, and that includes the best tactical knives in the world.
Kershaw Dmitry Sinkevich Concierge Flipper
Love the look and feel of Dmitry Sinkevich’s designs but don’t have Zero Tolerance money? Enter the Concierge, his new flipper collaboration with Kershaw. The clean, refined look is paired with black G10 handle scales, a custom inset pivot, and a backspacer with raised jimping. This knife fits your hand comfortably and flips smoothly thanks to Kershaw’s manual KVT ball-bearing system. Considering it’s less than forty bucks, adding this compact flipper to your cart seems like a no-brainer.
United Combat Fighter w/ sheath $14.95
The KnifeCenter doesn’t feature many knives at this level of pricing. We like to sell quality products but we understand that there is a place for all types of tools. You may not have a $100 socket set in the trunk of your car for emergency use. A $10 special from the rack at your hardware store may do that that purpose. If you’re going into an outdoor arena where you need a good size knife but have a good chance of leaving it behind, you may not want a $300 Chris Reeve knife- maybe this is a great option. This is a heck of a deal at $14.95 and we just can’t get over the value for the dollar and overall features on this item. The sheath is a basic plastic but does a great job. We think this is an incredible value and that’s why we offer it to you at www.knifecenter.com
Here is more info from United Cutlery: Continue Reading
They say absence makes the heart grow fonder-well, after a few years of missing an Emerson Knives classic, we’re thrilled to be welcoming an old friend back to the flock-the legendary Emerson CQC7B!
One of the all-time great knives, the CQC7B is really what made Emerson Knives famous. Featuring a 3.3″ chisel-ground 154CM steel tanto-point blade, G10 handles, and a smooth linerlock mechanism; the CQC7B is a tough, hard use tactical folder made to go where other knives can’t. (Emerson knives have even been commissioned by NASA for use on the Space Shuttle!) It’s available in plain or combo edge. Made in the USA.
We’re so glad to have the revolutionary CQC7B back, and there’s no better time to give the gift of legendary Emerson quality! (Or pick one up for yourself…)
Take a look at www.knifecenter.com today!
Here’s the word from Emerson:
Introducing SCAR Blades
Every once in a while at the Knifecenter, we are lucky enough to add a new brand to our family. SCAR Blades, a company started by two brothers and based in Idaho Falls, Idaho, produces custom hand-built blades for the outdoors, law enforcement, and military communities.
Most SCAR knives are made from 1095 high-carbon steel, prized worldwide for its sharpness and edge retention. Furthermore, they are heat treated only along the sharpened edge, allowing the “softer” steel of the spine to absorb impacts and reduce fatigue. Most SCAR blades offer full-tang construction and phenolic handles, and feature Kydex sheaths custom-fitted to each knife. Backed by a lifetime warranty, these are rugged knives, designed for the toughest tasks around. Made in the USA. Check out the new additions at www.knifecenter.com!
More from SCAR Blades:
United Cutlery SOA Assault Knife
United Cutlery puts out an interesting assortment of products. Some are fantasy, some are curiosities and some are decent usable products. This fixed blade SOA (Special Operations Association) model is one of the latter. They are economically produced in China (of course) and have a decent quality of steel (AUS-6) and a great pattern of relief on the Micarta handles. We can market these at $38.95 which is a great price for a decent knife. They have a Kydex sheath with a belt clip. You can see them at www.knifecenter.com
Here is the more complete description from United Cutlery: Continue Reading
New Condor Tool and Knife Barong Machete!
The Filipino Barong Machete is a great choice for several reasons. It is longer than most fighting knives without being measurably heavier – making it a favorite of martial arts folks. It’s a very easy and effective weapon to wield. It is also a favorite of outdoorsmen in the know, as it is weighted towards the front of the blade, making it great for clearing foliage tirelessly.
You can see them at www.knifecenter.com
More information from Condor: Continue Reading
Mantis MU-6 Cyclops Neck Knives
Mantis Knives releases a great necklace tool. Sometimes a funky looking necklace is actually a wicked-cool concealed neck knife with a really cool opening mechanism and availability in a bunch of colors! These take some getting used to, but, once you understand the way they work, they are really cool.
You can see the series at www.knifecenter.com
Here is more info from Mantis Knives: Continue Reading
Nobody delivers better tactical folders for less than 15 bucks than Smith & Wesson and these new Special Tacticals are no exception to that rule! These knives are available with steel handles in a satin finish or urban camo with tanto blades, and with plain or combo edges. You can see all of them at www.knifecenter.com or check out other products by Smith & Wesson.
Check out what Smith & Wesson has to say: Continue Reading


ALL IN ONE
About ALL IN ONE
- This sweatshirt and trousers set for boys combines athletic inspiration and distinctive Moncler details. Perfect for sports or for playing at home, this ensemble is crafted in soft French terry and is finished with bold graphic elements. The sweatshirt showcases a nylon technique hood, kangaroo pockets and a zipper front closure, while the trousers feature an elasticated waistband with interior drawcord, allowing the fit to be adjusted.
- Sweatshirt and pants set for boys
- Crafted in French terry
- Sweatshirt with hood, front zipper closure and kangaroo pockets
- Nylon technique hood
- Pants with cased elastic and interior drawcord at the waist
- Technical fabric bands on sleeves and sides
- Silicone Moncler logo on chest
PART A: HOOD LINING: 100% Cotton; HOOD: 100% Polyamide / Nylon; BASE FABRIC: 100% Cotton; Ribs: 95% Cotton, 5% Elastane / Spandex;PART B: BASE FABRIC: 100% Cotton; Ribs: 95% Cotton, 5% Elastane / Spandex
We offer a speedy Express shipping service. We also provide free pick up for your returns: you have 15 days from delivery to follow our quick and easy return procedure. Alternatively, visit one of our Moncler Boutiques within the country of shipping for a return. For further information visit the Returns and Refunds section.
- Our style advisors are available for tips and information about this item from Monday to Friday, from 10am to 7pm CET
Call Us: 00 800 10204000


- Winchester Ammo W380ST Super-X 380 ACP 85 gr Silvertip Hollow Point 20 Bx/ 10 Cs
Winchester Ammo W380ST Super-X 380 ACP 85 gr Silvertip Hollow Point 20 Bx/ 10 Cs
Sorry but this item is currently unavailable.
Please check back at a later stage.
Add to cart for price
|Attribute ||Value |
|Caliber ||380 ACP|
|Bullet Type ||Silvertip Hollow Point|
|Bullet Weight ||85 gr|
|Muzzle Energy ||189 ft lbs|
|Muzzle Velocity ||1000 fps|
|Rounds Per Box ||20|
|Boxes Per Case ||10|
|Application ||Personal Defense|
|Casing Material ||Brass|
|Manufacturer Part Number ||W380ST |
SHIPPING RESTRICTION: In compliance with Proposition 65, we are not able to ship to the state of California: www.p65warnings.ca.gov
Customers Who Viewed This Product Also Viewed
Loading... Please wait...


text:
Are you looking for something that tastes perfect for fall that you can feel good about eating for breakfast? A tasty treat that won’t make you gain weight?
Try these Whole Wheat Apple Cinnamon Muffins! They have a strudel topping that gives it a delicious crunchiness, while being made of mostly healthy ingredients.
I have personally made several batches of these muffins since I discovered the recipe and can’t get enough of them.
This recipe makes 2 dozen muffins, half it if you’d like 1 dozen.
If you missed our last post, check out this recipe for a dutch apple pie.
In a large mixing bowl, mix together your dry ingredients – whole wheat flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, nutmeg, and sea salt.
In a separate bowl, mix together your wet ingredients – olive oil, honey, yogurt, egg, and vanilla. This will look pretty nasty, but try to overlook that and just imagine the muffins coming out of the oven.
Stir the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients until just combined.
Peel, core, and dice two apples and fold them into the muffin mix.
Spoon your muffin mix into your muffin liners (about 2/3 full).
Prepare your topping in one of your mixing bowls. Mix whole wheat flour, brown sugar, cinnamon, and melted butter until you have a good topping texture.
Spoon the topping evenly onto each muffin (about 1 TBS per muffin). Put your muffin trays into the oven and bake for 17 minutes at 350°.
These muffins are delicious straight out of the oven and your house will be filled with an amazing apple cinnamon aroma.
Baking time: 17 minutes
Yield: 2 dozen muffins
-2 cup whole wheat flour
-1-1/2 tsp baking soda
-1 tsp baking powder
-2 tsp cinnamon
-1 tsp nutmeg
-1/2 tsp sea salt
-3/4 cup olive oil
-2/3 cup honey
-1/2 cup yogurt
-2 tsp vanilla extract
-2 apples – peeled, cored, diced
-2/3 cup whole wheat flour
-1 cup brown sugar
-4 teaspoons cinnamon
-4TBS melted butter
These muffins can be kept out at room temperature for up to a week. They warm up nicely in the microwave in about 17 seconds.
Next up: Homemade Calzones.
Sarah is the founder of Baking Kneads, LLC, a blog sharing guides, tips, and recipes for those learning how to bake. Growing up as the daughter of a baker, she spent much of her childhood learning the basics in a local bakery.


text:
Ganapath Teaser Out: These days fans are eagerly waiting for Bollywood action hero Tiger Shroff’s upcoming film ‘Ganapath’.
Now a big update has come about the film. Recently the teaser of the film ‘Ganpat’ has been shared on social media. As soon as the teaser of the film came out, there was a stir among the fans.
Tiger Shroff shared the teaser of the film
Let us inform that the teaser of this film has been shared by actor Tiger Shroff himself on his Insta. Along with this, Tiger Dhansu is seen doing action in the teaser of the film. Also, as soon as this video of the film’s teaser surfaced, people made it viral.
And read Film Hera Pheri 3: The three stars of ‘Hera Pheri 3’ dominated the internet, the first picture from the set of the film surfaced
Tiger wrote this caption
Along with this, Tiger shared the teaser and wrote that ‘In such a world where terror reigns, Ganpat is coming there, becoming the voice of my people, releasing the brilliant entertainer on 20th October 2023! All set to hit the theaters this Dussehra.
Fans are looting love on video
Also, this is a bang teaser of the film, in which Tiger is once again seen as an action hero. Seeing the teaser of the film, the fans are showering lots of love on this video.
And read Khiladi Kumar returns in Hera Pheri 3, ‘Shehzada’ leaf cut from Akshay’s entry
users are commenting
Along with this, the fans are also praising the body of the actor. Along with this, a fan commented that ‘Finally our wait is over’. While the other wrote that, ‘Father got goosebumps’. Also, another user wrote that, ‘This is a ruckus.’
‘Ganpat’ is an action-thriller film
Please tell that this film of Tiger is an action-thriller film. Also, in this film he will be seen with Kriti Sanon. The pair of both has been liked a lot in the past and both were seen together in the film ‘Heropanti’. Also, now the fans are waiting for the film ‘Ganpat’.
And read – Entertainment From attached the news Here Read


Go to Google and type in hombre wiper motor. You will find that it takes you to a module connected to the wiper motor that burns out and has given GM owners problems for a long time. You should be able to get one at a parts store for about $20.00. bad ground wire / switch falty
You have to replace a relay switch for the wipers this sholud be found under the hood in the engine compartment fuse box.
Wiper motor is not working properly or the combination switch in the steering column is not working properly which is the lever that turns the wipers on.
change plug wires on 1998 isuzu hombre 2.2
where are head and tail light fuses in 1997 isuzu hombre
You do something.
There may be a way, but my guess is that someone put the wrong size wipers on it. Would a shorter wiper blade eliminate the problem?
My 1997 hombre will not start. How can I tell if it is the relay switches or the control module.
No it will not I bought a Hombre with door damage thinking s10 series is the same, but after the purchase I found out that the hombre has the s10 series drive train but Isuzu body
Some do, some don't.


Amazon Com Change Password
Amazon com password doesn't work for every one of the clients. No concerns, you can attempt to re-run the amazon login programming as this has helped numerous clients in disposing of the password change ongoing web will not turn on mistake. Find underneath the means exhaustively to re-run the product in your framework.
Go to the amazon login symbol situated on the correct side of the screen at the base and right-click on it. Presently, you will see numerous choices yet you need to tap on the alternative of "Amazon Com Change Password".
Double tap on the change password application symbol on the work area or in the beginning menu to open it and check whether
the password change ongoing assurance will not turn on blunder is taken out or not.
In the event that the mistake is still there, you can continue with amazon com change password for the technique to determine it.
A few clients have griped in regards to numerous blunders including the amazon com change password will not turn on mistake. A large portion of these blunders are settled through the change password program. The product update is vital as you can get a password login adaptation of the product absent a lot of issue. Find beneath the means to refresh your change program/programming.
1. The password change programming/program shows a popup message each time the new update is gotten in amazon login. Assuming you see the variant update popup in your framework, you can simply tap on the catch of "Introduce Now" and straightforwardly leap to password change.
2. In the event that you don't see the amazon login of form update in view of any of the reasons like impairing the get refreshes work or some other, you may pick the choice of checking physically for the program refreshes.
3. Double tap on the password change program symbol on the work area or start menu and snap on the "settings" button.
4. Discover the tab of "Use" in settings and snap on the "amazon com change password" button under the segment of "Utilization Updates".
5. You should be seeing a popup message of "No Updates Available" or the "Updates effectively password". Snap on the "Alright" catch and snap on the "Yes" button when you get a brief directive for introducing refreshes right away.
6. Push forward and complete the update interaction by following the framework guided on-screen guidelines. Eventually, check if the amazon com change password will not turn on blunder is still there with the new refreshed adaptation or not.


text:
"Roarinneo - Givin' a new definition too cool! A Dutch graphic site with graphics, guides, tutorials & recources!"
Top site lists are a simple, but powerful system for exposing your site to millions. If accepted into our exclusive network this is a great opportunity to grow your site.
Pick a unique URL: top-site-list.com/your-name. Add a custom logo and background. Your choice of over 275 styles for your toplist, or provide your own custom HTML layout.
4,803 Top Site Lists
1,068,948 Listed Websites
315,571,122 Total Votes
672,774,849 Total Hits

domain: design


What exactly does it indicate to be a patriot? – American Cat Patriot
Specialists state it’s not easy to define
For many, being considered a patriot is as American as it gets.
Of the countless words in the English language, the word “patriot” has long instilled a sense of pride in Americans. By definition, it indicates “one who enjoys and supports his or her nation,” according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary. One specialist informed CNN calling somebody a “patriot” brings with it a higher level of pride and respect, putting a person on par with the creators of this nation who are viewed as the initial patriots. American Cat Patriot.
It’s a word that’s expected to bring marriage and delight, however throughout history, it’s likewise divided and omitted people. American Cat Patriot.
American Cat Patriot
In modern-day times, conspiracy theorists and extremists – including some members of the groups who took part in the Capitol riots on January 6 – have actually latched on to the word “patriot” as a way to describe individuals who are purely American and (typically) White. Those who are not patriotic protest the US and everything it means, making them the opponent. American Cat Patriot.
” It’s a rhetorical video game with often life and death repercussions,” stated Michael Edison Hayden, senior investigative press reporter and representative for the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), an Alabama-based non-profit that tracks hate groups and their activities.
At the same time, the word is still used in popular culture to highlight the heroes of America, who were by the way battling versus people who they considered weren’t American. An innovative search on IMDb discovers a minimum of 94 popular motion picture and TV reveal titles that are related to “patriot” or “patriotism.”.
So what makes “patriots” such a unifying, yet dissentious word at the same time? Here’s a look at the history of it and its context. American Cat Patriot.
American Cat Patriot
Patriot is originated from a French word
Like many words, patriot does not have English origins.
It’s stemmed from the Greek word “patrios,” which implies “of one’s dad.” Patriot entered the English lexicon through the French word “patriote,” implying “fellow countryman” or “compatriot,” according to Merriam-Webster.
There’s never been any arguments about patriot’s actual meaning, however it’s context – normally political – is what has actually changed in time, according to Kristen Syrett, associate teacher of linguistics at Rutgers University/New Brunswick. American Cat Patriot.
Throughout the 17th century, a patriot in Europe was somebody who liked their country and agreed with the recognized government and/or religion, Merriam Webster’s essay on the word states.
The word then altered in meaning and undertone as infighting in Europe caused the development of brand-new nations, like America.
” This word had actually sort of changed from an advocate of established federal government to somebody who protests a recognized federal government,” stated Peter Sokolowski, editor-at-large for Merriam-Webster. American Cat Patriot.
During the American Revolution, patriot had a favorable connotation in America, however a negative one in England, Sokolowski stated. It’s because of this that the founding fathers are viewed as the embodiment of patriotism.
” It sort of made them religious figures,” Sokolowski said.
The unabridged definition of patriot in Merriam-Webster’s dictionary also says it is someone who is a member of a resistance group. That definition has not been updated in a minimum of 30 years, Sokolowski said. American Cat Patriot.
In the Oxford English Dictionary, among the oldest in the world, an entry of patriot was revised in 2005 to state:.
” A challenger of assumed intervention by federal government in the affairs of individuals, esp. with respect to gun and tax laws. Often in the names of conservative libertarian political and militia groups.”.
A representative for Oxford’s Languages group told CNN in an email the meaning was part of a regular series of updates in 2005.
” The definition in question is part of vast array of nuanced uses of the word ‘patriot’ recorded in the (Oxford English Dictionary) and changes were made based upon evidence of how the word is utilized in everyday life,” the statement read.
The addition of right-wing groups “traces the instructions the language is going,” Sokolowski said. American Cat Patriot.
American Cat Patriot
Hate groups utilize ‘patriot’ for propaganda
Patriot in nativist, nationalistic and dislike speech goes back to a minimum of the mid-1800s to the Know Nothing Party, according to Sam Jackson, an assistant teacher at the University at Albany who studies patriotism and violence in far-right groups.
” That motion was organized around understanding that external impacts – like non-White Europeans and others – were a hazard to American values,” Jackson stated. “By the 1850s, we’re seeing language of patriotism and symbols being used in political ways and to mark individuals as ‘among us and one of them.'”.
The “us vs. them” attitude of patriotism would continue into the brand-new century and change into a concept that patriotism is American and anything not American is bad.
” If I say somebody is a real patriot, I have a clear idea of what that means and what it implies to not be a patriot,” stated Syrett, the Rutgers professor. “This is a word that is really conditioned by what our set of values is and what we think we’re defending.”.
The worths of being a patriot for those who had nativist and nationalist ideologies meant that America came. Anybody versus that specific set of values was seen as a danger, even if that threat was the US federal government.
The “America initially” conditions set the tone for the late 1980s and 90s when conspiracy theorists begin forming what is referred to as the Patriot Motion, an anti-government movement with White supremacist leanings, according to the SPLC. This motion culminated in the Oklahoma City Battle on April 19, 1995.
” The word patriot is regularly exploited by people that wish to make the most of this idea of a love for nation,” stated Hayden, the SPLC senior investigative press reporter. “There is nothing wrong with wanting to do helpful for your country, but when that passion is corrupted … that is taking excellent intentions and corrupting them for the function of doing damage.”.
Some people who stormed the US Capitol on January 6 called themselves patriots. American Cat Patriot.
Former President Donald Trump and his daughter Ivanka have actually likewise used the word when describing fans.
Ivanka Trump addressed the rioters as “American Patriots” in tweet from January 6 that she later on deleted.
Trump also called the rioters “great patriots” in a tweet on January 6. In July 2019, Trump safeguarded participants of his Greenville, North Carolina, rally – where members of the crowd chanted “send her back” about Minnesota Rep. Ilhan Omar – calling them “unbelievable patriots.”.
According to Jackson, the University at Albany professor, “When you state someone is a patriot, you’re stating there’s some goodness in them. It verifies them.”. American Cat Patriot.
Popular culture uses patriot to illustrate America.
In popular culture, patriot can come up with numerous images.
For some it could be the founding fathers or the generation around the American Transformation, like in the 2000 film “The Patriot” starring Mel Gibson. Others might think about United States soldiers defending flexibility, like those seen in 1998’s “Saving Private Ryan.”.
There are those motion pictures where the characters embody America going versus an adversarial force that represents a danger to American worths, much like 1985’s “Rocky IV” or the “Captain America” storyline in the Marvel Movies of the 2010s. American Cat Patriot.
Being a patriot is “a word that addresses identity,” Sokolowski, of Merriam-Webster, said.
” Identity is an enormously individual and political part of language,” he said. “When it pertains to identity, you’re getting to something that touches people deeply.”.
Syrett stated these films and TV programs portraying patriotism are a reflection of the times and show there is an audience for such material.
” Popular culture not only motivates a change in word meaning but it likewise capitalizes on a sentiment that exists on the broader public,” she stated.
However there are also popular culture disputes around what makes up a patriot. American Cat Patriot.
There are some, for instance, who would call Colin Kaepernick a patriot. The previous NFL star sparked controversy after he beinged in protest during the nationwide anthem in 2016 for a pre-season game, saying he would not honor a song nor “show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and individuals of color.” Kaepernick’s protest was part of a continuing nationwide argument about police’s unequal treatment of Black people.
American Cat Patriot
Still, others think that in taking a knee, Kaepernick disrespected America.
In the same vein, Syrett and Sokolowski said there are some who would state the rioters at the US Capitol were patriots, while others might have seen them as terrorists. American Cat Patriot.
Syrett said the disparity over who or what is a patriot is a battle of linguistics that has actually been combated because the nation’s founding – when it wasn’t even agreed upon on what it suggested to be American.