Welcome. The wiring diagrams below come from 1) original owners manuals, 2) service manuals, 3) supplement sheets, 4) parts manuals, 5) actual mopeds, wirings, or parts, new or used, or most often 6) a combination of most of those. The manuals and sheets were in the wall of printed material from Myrons Mopeds buyouts of over 20 other moped shops. The raw originals were designed for black and white printing and copying, so they had the wire color names written in text. Myrons Mopeds has colorized them, and eliminated the color names, making them much easier to understand and follow. When needed, they have also been rearranged, scaled, and edited for clarity.
AMF Wiring: This wiring info is for the AMF Roadmaster models 110, 115, 120, 125 with McCullough rear friction drive engine, not the models 140, 141 with Minarelli V1 mid-engine and chain drive.
AMS Wiring: AMS Sierra 50 (step thru), Tahoe G1 (top tank) and Tahoe G2 (top tank 2 speed manual) have the same wiring as General 5 Star ST, except with a Taigene magneto, 3-wire with external ignition ground blue/black for battery charging, no ignition switch in the fork lock, and possibly minor differences in some connectors and grounds. Always ground the blue/black if there is no spark.
The Taigene FP43 90mm 3-wire magneto is Bosch-compatible. Too bad it was prone to loose spark, even with the blue/black wire grounded and the points functioning. Some needed upgraded to an actual Bosch magneto.
AMS & Angel Battery Versions: Angel/Speed Birds use a 6N2-2A small 6 volt battery, AMS uses a 6N4B-2A. Modern replacement batteries have different wires than the original ones did. See section “B” Battery Wires.
Angel: 1970’s Angel and Speed Bird mopeds, made in Taiwan by TYM, can have three different magnetos and two different wirings. These all have Ø90-three-M4-screw stator plates, and Ø90 (90mm ID) flywheel-rotors.
1) Bosch 0212-112-053, with brown (external ignition ground), yellow, black wires. The brown wire is the “tail” of the ignition source coil, and must always go to ground to have spark. It helps to power the headlight. So the headlight or headlight wires can cause the ignition to loose spark.
2) Wtemco FHA ?????, with brown (external ignition ground), yellow, black wires. This whole magneto interchanges with Bosch 0212-112-053, but the internal coils are different. The flywheel, stator plate, points, condenser, the wire colors and wire plugs are all the same.
3) Wtemco FHA 11035, (internal ignition ground) with red, yellow, and black wires. This is the same as the other Wtemco magneto, except for the source coils (armatures). The headlight wiring is different from the others, in that the yellow does not get help from the ignition ground. This would make the headlight dimmer, but at the same time there is a separate output for battery charging, so the headlight gets brighter from that. The net effect is slightly dimmer.
Avanti Wiring: Early 2000’s Avanti mopeds have a 90mm 50W Seel magneto, made in India, with modern CDI electronic ignition. Mont and Autopower have 12VAC one-wire for all lights, with an electronic voltage (shunt) regulator. Kobra has 12VAC on 3 separate lighting wires, with no external regulator.
Avanti controls are copies of late 1980’s Italian made Domino controls, used on Trac, Tomos, Derbi. The switches are copies of late 1980’s Italian made CEV switches, that integrate (fit into) the mounts for the controls (brakes, start, and throttle). The switch buttons use the same white international icons, rather than words.
The original switches for domestic (India) models did not have a handlebar mounted engine stop switch, reachable by the right thumb while holding handlebar grip. The older wiring diagram for Kobra shows this. Only the key on the dash would turn off the motor. But on at least the Supersport model, and maybe also on some Autopowers and Monts, they made the right side headlight high-low beam switch into a engine stop switch, in order to meet the US DOT requirement. This has been the source of confusion. (Turn on the high beam or it won’t start?)
These three wirings took 24 hours to interpret, colorize, re-draw and clean up. The originals were very rough.
Batavus Wiring (early): The 1976-78 models with Laura M48 engine have a 90mm Bosch 5-wire magneto on the right. Those have an internal ignition ground. None of the lights matter for the ignition to have spark. Head light (yellow), tail light (grey), and brake light (green) each have their own generator coils.
Batavus Wiring (late): The 1978-80 models with Laura M56 engine have a 80mm Bosch 3-wire magneto on the left side. Those have an external ignition ground. That blue/black wire powers the brake light. Consequently there is a special brake light resistor inside the light. While the early ULO 2-bulb tail light did not have a facility for holding a resistor, the later ULO 2-bulb tail light did. In fact there was not just a resistor, but a small circuit board with a nichrome-wire-coil resistor, and a diode. Otherwise the ignition looses spark if the blue/black becomes disconnected.
Battery Wires: For vintage Taiwan-made mopeds with 6 volt batteries, General, Lazer, Angel, Speed Bird, Indian, AMS, Clinton, Grycner, and others, getting the correct battery, 6N2-2A or 6N4B-2A is easier than getting the correct battery wires. In the 1980’s, new replacement batteries had vintage moped wires (double female bullet and male blade or bullet, male bullet). In the 1990’s and 2000’s the replacement battery wires changed, see illustration. In the 2010’s the wires changed again to “universal” (female bullet, female bullet plus an assortment of plug-in adapter wires, all bullet connectors). But the assortment does not contain enough to make vintage moped battery wires. To make those from the assortment, cutting, soldering, and shrink-wrapping is required.
Some vintage mopeds have had the bike’s wires adapted to accept a modern battery. Because of so many possible wires, since the 1990’s Myrons has always transferred the old battery wires onto the new battery, whenever the old wires were available. When unavailable, adapter wires were made, mostly from wire scraps. So many have been made, that almost no traces of the old style battery wires survive at Myrons Mopeds, out of hundreds of moped wire scraps.
Benelli Wiring: The Benelli G2 moped has a Dansi 3-wire 80mm magneto, with an external ignition ground on the green wire, ignition on the red wire, and lights on the black wire. The Benelli Dynamo mini motorcycle also has a Dansi magneto. More on Benelli soon …
Bianchi Wiring: Bianchi mopeds, US models with Morini MO1 engines, all have Dansi magneto type 101732. This magneto is essentially the same as the 101765 3-wire 2-coil, with external ignition ground on the green wire. Ground the green wire to get spark before suspecting anything else.
Cateye Turn Signals: Cateye turn signal kits, made in Japan, were an add-on accessory. They had a rechargeable 5.5 volt Ni-Cad battery pack, mounted with the front two lights on a chrome bar that clamped onto a moped handlebar. All of those original batteries died in the early 1990’s.
Cimatti Wiring: Cimatti, with the Minarelli V1 engine, has functionally the same as the “Minarelli Wiring”, except for the high-low beam headlight, the console light/horn switch, and the secret toggle switch under the headlight that grounds the blue wire when in the forward position.
Concord (Fantic) Wiring: Concord mopeds with Minarelli V1 engines have “Minarelli Wiring”. The ignition source ground powers the brake light and must be grounded to run. There is a secret resistor inside the tail light. When that burns out the engine dies when the brakes are applied.
Colombia Wiring: American-made Colombia mopeds can have two different frames, mono-tube and stamped sheet, and two different engines, Sachs 505 or Solo belt drive. But they all have the same Bosch 5-wire 90mm magneto, same wiring and electrical equipment, except for the headlight. Blue is ignition, green and green/black are brake light, yellow is head light, and grey is tail light.
Invisible Forces: Notice that on the Colombia (and others) the tail light gray wire goes straight from the generator/magneto to the light, and not through the light switch. You would think the tail light would then stay on all the time. The small tail light generating coil is close to the larger head light generating coil. Somehow the magnetic field changes around the head light coil when the light is switched on, and that energizes the nearby tail light coil. So the tail light only works when the head light is working. This prevents tail light burn out caused by overload from a burned out headlight. On other 70’s mopeds, when their head light burns out, the tail light gets super bright, and dies.
Furthermore on mopeds with a Bosch 90mm magneto with grey tail light wire, such as Puch, Batavus, Colombia, the headlight bulb is preferably a 6 volt 21 watt (#1129). If it’s a 12 volt 21 watt (#1156), the headlight won’t be as bright, and since it passes less current, the tail light won’t be as bright either. That’s weird. Besides that the tail light bulb needs to be a 6 volt 5 watt #63, or else it will be dim, especially at idle.
Daelim Wiring: Daelim Motor Corp (DMC) made Trac mopeds for the US in the 1980’s. See Trac Wiring.
Dansi Magneto: These 3-wire magnetos are used on Benelli, Morini and Rizzato moped engines. Dansi magnetos are included here in wirings because of the number that is stamped onto the 80mm ID flywheel. That number determines the brake light wiring, brake light switches, and tail/brake light type, and more importantly, whether or not it has a “secret” wire that needs to be grounded. Dansi 101286 (anti-clockwise) and 101441 (clockwise) wires are: red = ignition, black = lights, green = brake light. Dansi 101765 (anti-clockwise) and 101732 (anti-clockwise?) wires are: red = ignition, black = lights, green = ignition ground (brake light). If you have an external ignition ground type 101765 or 101732, always ground the green wire first, when checking for spark. See Morini Wiring.
Demm Wiring: Demm Smily, US models 1976-78 have Demm one-speed engines with CEV 6933 magnetos. The blue magneto wire is an ignition ground that also powers the brake light.
Derbi Wiring: Derbi mopeds, US models 1976-1989, except the DS50, have Motoplat 3-wire magnetos with points, and an external ignition ground on the blue wire powering the brake light. Inside the tail/brake light is a secret hidden ignition ground resistor. If that goes bad, or the wire leading to it, the ignition will loose spark when the brakes are applied. If any of the brake switch wires are also disconnected, then there will no spark all the time. The front ignition ground junction is on the right headlight mount, which is floating in rubber. The rear ignition ground is on the left rear fender bolt, underneath. Both of those places get corroded or loose. Ground the blue wire from the engine first, when checking for spark. Then all those rusty loose grounds don’t matter. That disables the brake light, for emergency or troubleshooting.
Eagle Wiring: Eagle mopeds were made by Hercules in about 1980-82. Eagle I and II are Sachs Suburbans (I has spoke wheels, II has mags), and Eagle III is a Sachs Prima G3 (top tank). They have a Sachs 505 one speed engine (1D for 30mph, 1A for 25mph, 1B for 20mph) with a Bosch 3-wire magneto, external ignition ground. Always ground the blue black magneto wire first if there is no spark. See Sachs Wiring for a way better version of this wiring diagram.
Foxi Wiring: There are actually four Foxi moped models, each made in a different country, and each with a different wiring. 1) Sparta Foxi, made in Holland, see Sparta Wiring. 2) KTM Foxi, made in Germany, see KTM Wiring. 3) Testi Foxi, made in Italy, see Minarelli Wiring. 4) Jui Li Foxi, made in Taiwan, see General Wiring.
Flying Dutchman Wiring: There are two models, Kynast (Germany) and Sparta (Holland). See also those names for more info.
Free Spirit Wiring: The Free Spirit line was sold by Sears department stores in 1978-81. They did not say Sears anywhere on the bike. In fact there are no brand markings or names anywhere, except the ID plate and the back of the seat, that says “Free Spirit”. See Sears Free Spirit Wiring.
Garelli Wiring Diagrams: All have CEV 3-wire magnetos with external ignition ground powering the brake light. Garelli wiring is functionally the same as “Minarelli” Wiring on many Italian mopeds. Only some of the wire colors and connector or switch styles are different.
General Wiring Diagrams: There has been confusion for years, because of 1) mistakes in the original wirings, 2) wiring in some models not agreeing with the original owners manual, 3) different brand names and alias names for the Jui Li, Her Chee, or Tsing Hua made mopeds, 4) lack of coverage of wiring issues in the service manuals (perhaps because different engines were optional, the engine manuals were separate and not integrated into the main manual), and 5) different versions were produced, sometimes without documentation. The wirings below come from actual wiring harness replacement parts, or actual mopeds or scraps of them. Showing the real wires alongside the diagram for them proves that these corrected wirings are accurate, even though some things might contradict some original wiring diagrams.
General Brake Light Switches: General 5 Star (top tank) has the brake light switches that screw into the levers. General 5 Star ST (step thru) has a front brake light switch in the cable, and a foot brake switch. Other kinds (Lazer?) have both front and rear brake light switches built into the cables. Some of the wirings have an unused female bullet connector on the white wire, to allow either kind of brake light switch.
General and Lazer (Jui Li) top tank mopeds (Minarelli V1 engine with CEV 6932 magneto with external ignition ground): General 5-Star and Lazer Sport 50 have 97% the same wiring, except for: 1) General has a steering lock key switch, that kills the spark and un-grounds the battery when the key is removed, 2) Lazer has an additional lite green and red ground wire in the harness, 3) Lazer has a 6N2-2A battery, while General has a 6N4B-2A battery, twice the amp-hours and wider.
General 5 Star ST step thru mopeds (Sachs 505 engine), made by Jui Li: General 5-Star ST wiring “early” version is functionally the same as the top tank models, because of the 3-wire Bosch magneto, configured to charge the battery from the ignition ground. With this version, if you removed the battery, or it went bad from sitting, the ignition would loose spark. The General 5-Star ST wiring “late” version instead charges the battery from the main lights wire and has the ignition ground always grounded, so it never looses spark even when the battery is removed. The trade-off for that increase in reliability is a slightly dimmer headlight, which is also a good thing because it helps prevent headlight burn out.
General look alikes:
Grycner mopeds are identical to General step thru, but have Bosch 5-wire magnetos, with internal ignition ground, and slightly different wiring.
Unbranded generic Jui Li step thru and top tank mopeds are identical to General. Their wiring and magneto is unknown.
AMS Sierra 50 step thru and Tahoe 50 top tank, are made by Her Chee, not Jui Li. They have wiring compatible with General ST, and a Bosch-compatible 3-wire 90mm Taigene magneto. AMS has the later Sachs 505/1D rather than 505/1A.
General Battery Versions: All Generals and Grycners use a 6N4B-2A flat 6 volt battery. Notice in the “General 5 Star Versions” photo above how the original top tank wiring came with different battery wire connectors, either male or female bullet. Besides that the modern replacement batteries have different wires than the original batteries did. See above section “B” about Battery Wires.
Gilera 106 SS (1967) Sears Allstate (US model) has a CEV 6826 3-wire points magneto with external ignition ground on the green wire. If that wire is disconnected there will be no spark.
Harley Davidson Wiring: 1965-66 Harley Davidson M50, MS50 models have Dansi ASL222S magnetos. 1967-72 M65, ML65, ML65 Leggero models have a Dansi ASL236NS magnetos. They all have 3 magneto wires, black (ignition), green (ignition ground and brake light) and red (lights). Red and black are opposite from most other Dansi magnetos. Green must be grounded (connected to the frame) in order to have spark. It powers the brake light. If the brake light burns out, the engine will loose spark when the brakes are applied. Any other situation where green to ground is interrupted will cause loss of spark, like wires under the rear fender cut by the tire, loose or rusted fender mounts, loose or rusted bulb contacts, or the tail/brake light connectors loose or corroded. Always ground the green engine wire to eliminate those causes of no spark. That allows the engine to run, but without a brake light.
Hercules Wiring: Hercules mopeds, made in Germany, are also known as Sachs. See Sachs.
Honda Wiring: Honda has hundreds of small motorcycle models worldwide, with different wirings. These are the USA models (unless stated otherwise) of mopeds and motor-driven cycles. More to follow…
Indian AMI-50 Wiring: Indian AMI-50 was made in Taiwan by Merida or Mira.
Indian AMI-50 Battery Versions: All Indians use a 6N2-2A small 6 volt battery. Modern replacement batteries have different wires than the original batteries did. See section “B” about Battery Wires.
Indian ME100 Wiring:
Intramotor Gloria Wiring: Of the 3 or 4 Intramotor Gloria models, Scout, Blanco, Kid and Mini-Kid, only the Scout wiring is shown. The others may or may not be the same, depending on their Dansi magneto type. See “Morini Wiring”.
Notice how the Euro model version has no brake light, and one clamp-on switch for lights, horn, and engine stop. Simple!
Jawa Wiring: The original Jawa Babetta, with the famous red “Tranzimo” ignition unit (coil with electronic circuit) had 19″ rims was sold in Europe since 1972. Sometime after that the rims became 16″, and the model became also known as the “207”. Starting in 1976, American Jawa sold US versions of the model 207. They had brake lights and engine stop switches. The earliest US Jawa Babetta was the 1976-78 model 207-011, with big red Tranzimo ignition unit visible on the right side above the engine, with it’s high tech thyristor exposed on one end.
In 1978, starting with frame number 211000, the official US model name changed from Babetta to 50 DL, the model number changed from 207.011 to 207.111, and more importantly, the “big red Tranzimo” thyristor ignition unit and stator changed to the newer “black box with separate metal-can-coil” thyristor ignition unit and stator.
In 1979, starting with frame number 250000, the USA models changed to the 207.300 series. The horsepower went up from 0.9 to 1.5. The carburetor changed from Jikov 9mm to Bing 12mm. But the wiring and electrical equipment stayed the same.
In 1980-81, they had new model names, Jawa X30 (30mph 2hp?), X25 (25mph 1.5hp) and X20 (20 mph 1hp). The wiring did not change, but the tail light changed from Peterson to CEV.
In August 1981, American Jawa sent out it’s first service bulletin, telling dealers how to cure the Tranzimo ignition problems once and for all, by replacing with the newer black box thyristor type.
In 1983, an all-new model was indroduced, the Jawa 210. It had a two-speed instead of one speed transmission. It had a new frame and other improvements. In the mid 1980’s the 210 was made in sport and deluxe versions. The wiring did not change on the 210 models for the rest of the 1980’s.
In the late 1980’s, Jawa made models 225 (25mph), 230 (30mph), 230 Breeze (30mph mag wheels). They had 2-speed transmissions, and some minor wiring differences.
Jawa Thyristor: Here is an excellent article on how to replace a burned out Jawa “black box”. There are just three components to buy and solder together, a thyristor, a capacitor, and a diode. Here is an even better article that shows in detail the ignition versions, upgrades, and individual thyristor component replacement options.
In 1993, the country of Czechoslovakia split into Czech Republic and Slovakia. That was pretty much the end of the old Jawa. Then in the mid 1990’s, Jawa mopeds were re-made in Hungary at the Korado factory. The step thru models were called Babetta, while USA top tank models were called Jawa (1995 Sport, Supersport, Ultrasport). The re-make Jawa/Babetta wiring changed, to be like the 1995 Puch Korado, made in Hungary by Manet, with one wire for all lights and a 12VAC shunt type voltage regulator. See Manet Wiring for that. The last year for the beloved Babetta was 1997. Click here for the full Jawa history.
JC Penney Wiring: JC Penney department stores sold the Pinto and Swinger moped models, made by Kromag. They have Puch engines and 1977-78 Puch (6-wire) wiring, where the blue black horn wire must be grounded to run. See Kromag Wiring.
Kinetic Wiring: Kinetic TFR, Luna TFR, Magnum, and TFR-USA are modern 1990’s-2000’s remakes of a 1970’s-80’s Italian made Vespa(Piaggio) pedal-start mopeds. They have modern electrical wiring, with all lights on one wire and a shunt type voltage regulator. So there is no battery, and no DC anywhere, only 12 volt alternating current. They have modern CDI ignition, no points. The Kinetic Pride is a scooter (with a floor and no pedals) with a battery, electric start, and a different wiring, not shown here.
Korado Wiring: The Korado is a Puch re-make, made by Manet. See Manet Wiring.
Kreidler Wiring: These wirings appeared only in the Kreidler owners manuals, in tiny unreadable print. Now they are deciphered and made easy to follow. Even the mysterious diodes are explained. These 3 took 14 hours to scan in and fix up. Because the US requires a brake light, and requires that the head light not get dim when the brake light is on, that is why they used diodes, for bright lights with less bulb burnout.
Green/black wire explained: Many Bosch magnetos have a green and black wire that simply goes to ground. Did you ever wonder why they did not just ground it internally? The Kreidler Flory MP19 is one moped that uses the grün/schwarz wire the way Bosch intended it. The green and green/black are inputs to a full wave rectifier, which is the four diodes inside the turn signal power pack. It is for battery charging. If the green black were grounded, it would only be a half wave rectifier, and the battery charging would only be half as much.
Kromag Wiring: Kromag makes the Sears Free Spirit moped line. All Free Spirits have the same wiring and electrical equipment as 1977-78 Puch Maxi (6-wire). The blue/black horn wires need to be connected, or grounded in order to have spark. The external ignition ground is through the clamp of the light/horn switch. Wild!
KTM (Foxi) Wiring: This wiring is functionally identical to Cimatti, with a hi-lo headlight, console type light and horn switch, external ignition ground running the brake light, and a secret toggle switch under the headlight. When that switch is in the forward position, the blue (external ignition ground) wire is grounded, and the engine will run, even with a burned out or disconnected brake light. When the switch is in the rear position, the brake light operates normally, where the engine dies when the bulb is removed and either brake is squeezed. KTM Foxi mopeds have CEV 3-wire magnetos. Some of the later ones with 504/1D engines have Motoplat 3-wire magnetos.
Lazer Sport 50 and General 5-Star have the same wiring, except for: 1) General has a steering lock key switch, that kills the spark and ungrounds the battery when the key is removed, 2) Lazer has an extra lt green/red ground wire, 3) Lazer battery is the smaller 6N2-2A, not 6N4B-2A.
These wirings are for the 1977 Lazer Sport 50, orange, top tank moped, made in Taiwan by Jui Li. They are not for the 2000’s Lazer 4-stroke mopeds, made in China by Bashan. That is a completely different “Lazer”.
Lazer Battery Versions: All Lazers use a 6N2-2A small 6 volt battery. Modern replacement batteries have different wires than the original batteries did. See section “B” about Battery Wires.
Manet Wiring: This is a mid to late 1990’s Puch remake, made in Hungary by Manet. It is better known as the “Puch Korado”. Some things, like the engine, are the same as Puch, but the electrical and wiring is all different. Like all the other all-AC modern (1990’s and later) mopeds, the Korado has all the lights on one wire, with a 12VAC shunt-type voltage regulator. Like everything modern, it has a completely separate and independent CDI (capacitor discharge ignition) system that in no way depends on the lights. The CDI has no pulser coil.
Manet/Korado also made the mid-to-late-1990’s Jawa remake. The wiring for that not currently available, but is expected to be close to this wiring and electrical equipment.
Minarelli Wiring: Most Italian mopeds, US models, that have Minarelli engines have this same wiring, functionally. Many have the same exact colors as well. There are at least 21 names: Aspes, Baretta, Bianchi, Cimatti, Concord, Fantic, Gadabout, Gitane, Intramotor, Lem, Maico, Motomarina, Motron, Pryer, Red Foxi, Safari, Silver Foxi, Snark, Testi, Yankee Peddler, and others. They all have the Minarelli V1 or V1L engine with CEV 6932 3-wire magneto with external ignition ground (blue wire) powering the brake light. Ground the blue wire first if there is no spark.
Morini Wiring: Franco Morini moped engines can have two possible Dansi magnetos. Which one it has is determined by a number stamped on the flywheel. Some Italian mopeds, US models, that have Morini engines have this same exact wiring. This “universal” wiring can be configured for either NC-in-series (for Dansi 101765 or 101732), or NO-in-parallel (for Dansi 101286 magneto) brake light switches. Most others wirings are functionally the same as one of these two versions. There are dozens of brand names: Arciero, Benvenuti, Bianchi, Colt, Cosmo, F. Morini (no relation to Franco Morini), Intramotor, Italjet, Italvelo, Italtelai, Lem, Malaguti, Motomarina, Motobecane, Negrini, Pacer, Snark, Velomec, West Wind, and others. Morini is only the engine name.
Dansi magneto 101286 3-wire 2-coil
has normally open brake light switches in parallel and an internal ignition ground.
Dansi magnetos 101765 and 101732 3-wire 3-coil
have normally closed brake light switches in series and an external ignition ground that powers the brake light.
Motobecane Wiring: Two versions for USA model mopeds.
Early “6 volt” version: Before Jan 1978, Motobecane mopeds had a 2-coil Novi magneto, with an external ignition ground. The ignition assisted in keeping the lights bright, in a complex way.
Later “12 volt” version: After Jan 1978, Motobecane mopeds had a 3-coil Novi magneto, with an internal ignition ground. However, the ignition coil still needs at least one of the two neighboring lighting coils to be active. Amazingly, the lights not working can make it loose spark, even though they are not connected. It has to be from the magnetic field. The wiring is also complex.
Euro version: They were much simpler. No brake light and less watts.
Moto Guzzi Wiring: There are two kinds of Moto Guzzi Robin. They have the same name but different frames and wiring. Moto Guzzi made a stamped sheet-metal frame model, called Chiù in Europe, and Robin in the US. They also sold a Robin with a mono-tube frame made by Seimm. Both kinds had the 1970’s Motobi (Benelli) moped engine, with a Dansi 3-wire magneto.
Moto Guzzi Robin (mono-tube) The mono-tube Moto Guzzi Robin is identical to a Benelli G2. The Dansi 3-wire magneto had an external ignition ground on the green wire. It must always be connected to ground to have spark.
Moto Guzzi Robin (sheet frame) The sheet frame Moto Guzzi Robin is the US version of Chiù. The Dansi 101441 3-wire magneto had an internal ignition ground. It would never loose spark because of loose brake light wires, but the lights are not as bright.
Motron Wiring: Functionally the same as the “Minarelli Wiring”. 1978-79 had the CEV clamp-on plastic slide switches. 1980-81 had the CEV “diamond” switches integrated (fitted into) the Domino controls.
Murray Wiring: Same as Puch Series B. Bosch 6-wire with external ignition ground powering the horn. Ignition, brake light, tail light, and head light all have separate source coils (armatures). Ground the blue/black wire first if there is no spark.
Negrini Wiring: The wiring diagram is not in the owners manual by MMI. See Morini Wiring. What number is on the magneto flywheel determines one of two possible wiring schemes. See Morini Wiring and Dansi Magnetos.
NVT Wiring: NVT (Norton Villiers Triumph) mopeds and motorcycles are made in England. The Easy Rider ER1 and ER2 mopeds all use the Dansi 101286 magneto, according to the owners manual wiring. On that magneto/generator, the lighting coil is split into two concentric coils, one for brake light and horn (black wire), and one for head light, tail light, and speedo light (green wire). The other coil is ignition (red wire), with an internal ground, so it is isolated from the lights.
Odyssey Wiring: Odyssey mopeds and engines are made in Germany by Solo. They have German style wiring with separate generator wires for each light. Euro models have a Bosch 0212 005 011 80mm clockwise magneto. USA models have a Bosch 0212 124 039 90mm clockwise magneto. More to follow…
Pacer Wiring: Pacer is an Italian moped with either a Morini MO1, MO2, or M1 engine. Early models with frame number 15499 and below, all have the Dansi 101286 3-wire 3-coil magneto, with the ignition source coil grounded internally. Later models with frame number 15500 and above can have either 101286 or the Dansi 101765 3-wire 2-coil magneto. The only way to tell is by the number stamped on the flywheel. The brake light switches, wiring harness, and tail light are different for each magneto type. See also Morini Wiring.
Peugeot Wiring: Peugeot was one of 3 or 4 moped makers that made their own magneto. The French maker chose to be different and make their flywheel have puller threads M20x1.0, instead of the Germans M22x1.5 or Italians M19x1.0. Pre-1980 Peugeots have an external ignition ground running the brake light. Remove the tail light assembly or unplug the wires and it won’t run. Ground the black wire under the engine by attaching it somewhere to ground (such as the tail of the decomp cable wire), to get spark, when there is no spark. 1980 and later Peugeots do not have that problem, because they have an internal ignition ground. Their ignition does not rely on any of the lights.
Peugeot Ignition Upgrade: Way back in the mid 1980’s, Peugeot 103 mopeds, 1976-1979 began to burn up condensers and points rapidly. Some of the coils would send voltage spikes. In the late 1980’s the supply of coils and stators had pretty much been used up. By 1990, even brand new Peugeot coils would not work good for long. They were going bad just sitting on the shelf. Out of desperation Shaun found a substitute inner source coil, from a Puch. It fits the Peugeot coil bolts, if they are bent in a little. A Puch outer coil (transformer) was added onto the right frame near the carburetor. ’78-79 and some ’77 103’s already have the external coil mount. 1977-earlier has to be welded on. There is a whole chapter about that here.
These 1980 and later Peugeot models already have the upgraded ignition, with external transformer coil.
Piaggio Wiring: Vespa is one brand of the parent company Piaggio. For 1970’s Vespa mopeds, there many wiring diagrams with photos and service info, located in a separate Service section, under Vespa Electrical https://www.myronsmopeds.com/category/vespa-electrical/
Puch Wiring: All 1978-1986 Puch mopeds, USA models, have a 6-wire Bosch magneto, with points, and with an external ignition ground that powers the horn. Unplugging one of the horn wires, then pressing the horn button stops the engine. In addition to that, loosen the horn/light switch clamp from the handlebar, and a brand new Puch will not run, because of disconnected horn wires. Really! Puch is the only maker that chose to meet the USA standards that way. Almost everyone else chose to power the brake light with the ignition ground. Maybe the others figured if you’re already using the brakes and your engine dies, it’s not as bad.
Puch Re-makes: After the last Austrian made Puch in 1986, three companies have reproduced the 1980’s Puch mopeds. Piaggio (Italy, early 90’s), Hero (India, late 90’s), and Manet (Hungary, late 90’s). While the most of engine is the same, the electrical equipment and wiring is different, more modern. All 1990’s and later mopeds have CDI ignitions with an internal ignition ground. Thanks to the advent of electronic solid state voltage regulation in the mid 1980’s, allowing stronger magneto/generators (50 or 80 watts instead of 30) without bulb burnout, modern mopeds don’t need to borrow “juice” from the ignition, so their ignition is separate from the lights or horn, and thus way more reliable.
Rizzato Wiring: Italian made Rizzato has it’s own engine, with either a CEV 6952 or a Dansi 3-wire magneto. Rizzato Califfo uses the same wiring and wire colors as Italian-made mopeds with Minarelli engines. Red is ignition, black is lights, and blue (for CEV) or green (for Dansi) is an external ignition ground, powering the brake light. Unpluging the brake light wires on a Rizzato will make it stop running. When it has no spark, always ground the blue wire first. Outside wiring disconnected is often the cause.
Sachs/Hercules Wiring: Sachs mopeds, made by Nürnberger Hercules Werke GMBH, should not be confused with mopeds that have Sachs engines, like General, Grycner, Clinton, Colombia, AMS, Foxi, Sparta, Flying Dutchman, Eagle, and many others. Most of the “true” Sachs mopeds can be identified by the Hercules “H” logo stamped into the headlight mounts. Sachs early models, roughly 1976-1978, had an internal ignition ground. Those never lost spark because of bad brake light wires. Sachs later models, roughly 1978-1981, had an external ground. Those had a secret ignition ground resistor hidden inside the CEV 2-bulb tail light. If that went bad, the ignition would not have spark when either brake was applied (or all the time, if the brake light switch wires were loose). In that case attach the ignition ground wire, that comes out of the engine, to ground. It’s blue/black for Bosch magnetos, and black for Motoplat magnetos. That will restore the spark, but disable the brake light, for emergency use or troubleshooting.
Sachs/Hercules Wiring for Hercules-made mopeds with Sachs 505 engines (pedals inside engine):
Sachs/Hercules Wiring for Hercules-made mopeds with Sachs 504 engines (pedals outside engine):
“Mystery” Diode: All Hercules-made mopeds borrow electric power from the ignition wire (not the ignition ground) to power the horn. Normally this would kill the spark. But the wise Germans found some unused power. It’s a little hard to understand, without lots of pictures and hand waving. The flywheel has four bar magnets aligned N to N and S to S, so there are two Norths and two Souths per revolution. The current generated reverses direction every 90 degrees. The points open (the spark moment) near one of the magnetic maximums, say North. About 45 degrees later, the field is zero, and heading South. The points stay open for about 20 or 40 more degrees. That’s when there’s a short period of available reverse current/power. (When the points finally close, a secondary weaker spark occurs, with reverse polarity, but has no effect on the already burned gas.) The diode allows that reverse current to flow to the horn instead of to the spark coil, so no secondary reverse spark is produced at the spark plug when the horn is on. The diode one-way-gate stops the forward current from flowing out to the horn, so the main spark is not affected. The main spark only needs the forward current and not the reverse.
Always disconnect the power diode, aka “Mystery Diode”, and the engine stop switch, when troubleshooting for no spark, on a Hercules-made moped. It’s either inside the head light, or down near the engine. It is for making the horn not dim the headlight.
Motoplat (made in Spain) 80mm magneto/flywheels used on some Hercules, Sparta, and KTM mopeds with Sachs 504 engines are gold colored, and have the number 9600089. The wires are yellow = lights, blue = ignition, black = ignition ground. Their points have a built-in red wire. Condenser is CEV-compatible.
Motoplat 80mm flywheels used on 1976-86 Derbi mopeds have the number 9600099. Those wires are red = lights, green = ignition, blue = ignition ground. Their points are different, and also have no built-in wire. Condenser is CEV-compatible.
Sears Free Spirit Wiring: The Free Spirit moped, made by Kromag, has the same wiring and electrical equipment as 1977-78 Puch Maxi (6-wire). In fact, the whole bike is Puch, but it doesn’t say “Puch” anywhere on it. All of the brand markings have been removed, to make it seem like Sears made it. Like all the Bosch 6-wire magneto Puch wirings, the blue/black wire that powers the horn is an external ignition ground for the source coil. Unplug the horn wires and loosen the light/horn switch clamp from the handlebar, and a Free Spirit will loose spark and not run. Also, like 78-later Puch, the horn button does the opposite of all other horn buttons in the world. It is normally closed, and when you push, it is momentarily open. If you replace it with any other horn button, the horn would be on all the time, and go off when you push the button. To eliminate the chance of loosing spark due to bad horn wires, simply gound the blue/black magneto wire at the terminal strip above the engine, by moving it over to the brown wire that goes to ground.
Solex Wiring: The 1970’s and earlier Solex 3800 had only one wire outside of the engine, going to the tail light. Instead of wires, the head light and switch had direct contacts. The ignition spark coil was internal, with the spark plug wire coming out of the magneto.
Soni Wiring: This 1980’s India remake of a 1970’s Italian made Vespa/Piaggio moped, has functionally the same wiring, pretty much, as Vespa did. Unlike the Kinetic, a 1990’s India made Vespa remake, that has a CDI ignition, the Soni has points, and an external ignition ground magneto that powers the brake light, like Vespa/Piaggio. When we say “ground the pink wire to get spark if the brake light filament burns out”, in India they say “earth when stop light is fused”. It looks like it has an emergency wire that would allow it to run if it lost spark from a blown brake light bulb or loose wire.
Sparta Wiring: Sparta had two 80mm magneto versions for the Sachs 504 engine, Bosch 4-wire and Motoplat 3-wire. The wires on the bike are the same, except Motoplat version has an external ignition ground, a tail light secret resistor, brake switch type NC not NO, and the brake switches wired in series, not parallel. The Motoplat version needs the brake light wires and correct bulb to have spark.
One way to tell which (brake light) wiring and magneto version a Sparta has, from a distance, is by the color of the ignition coil and plug wire. Motoplat is red, while Bosch is black. It’s the same situation as Hercules/Sachs wiring. Spartas with red coils have normally closed (white or brass tip) brake light switches in series, and a secret brake light resistor-diode circuit board inside the tail light. Spartas with black coils have normally open (black tip) brake light switches in parallel, and no brake light resistor inside the tail light.
Suzuki Wiring: The early 1980’s Suzuki FZ50 (3.00 x 12″ tires) and FA50 (2.25 x 14″ tires) have pretty much the same engine, controls, wiring, and electrical equipment.
Testi Wiring: Testi makes Gitane, Red Foxi, and other makes with Minarelli V1 engines. See Minarelli Wiring.
Tomos Wiring: Here is a complete, detailed, and accurate set of wiring diagrams. These took 200 hours, over a 3-month period, to gather, interpret, colorize, and edit for clarity. Many of the originals were terribly inadequate, although functionally correct.
Trac Wiring: Trac mopeds were made in Korea by Dailim (DMC). Early Tracs were a mix of European and Asian components and designs.
Later Tracs were all Asian, with wire colors same as Honda.
The DMC DP50 (one-speed with pedals) used on Olympic, Clipper, Hawk and DM50 (two-speed kickstart) used on Liberty, Image, Escot, engines both had a 5-wire CDI magneto. White = battery charging, yellow = head light, blue/white = ignition pulse, black/red = ignition power, green = ground.
<<There are two CDI units that look the same. Here the key switch is bypassed by joining the two black/red male bullets. The engine stop button (black/white) is also disconnected. This apparatus has good spark, when the wheel is spun counterclockwise by hand. Note that the coil is grounded.
The DMC DH100 (4-speed 97cc 4-stroke overhead cam motorcycle) had a 3-wire magneto/generator down in the oil bath, with external points and condenser up on the overhead cam. Very much the same as a Honda 90, except the Trac had a ignition source coil in the generator, while most versions of Honda 90’s did not . A 1986 Trac DH100 would run with a dead or missing battery, but a 1971 Honda Trail 90 would not. These similar small motorcycles are examples of the difference between a battery ignition and a magneto ignition system.
Vespa Wiring: There many wiring diagrams with photos and service info. They are located in a separate Service section, under Vespa Electrical https://www.myronsmopeds.com/category/vespa-electrical/
Wards Riverside Wiring: Mongomery Wards in the late 1960’s sold a full line of motorcycles and mopeds made in Italy by Benelli (and also early 1960’s mopeds made in France by Motobecane). This is the 50cc sport bike model FFA-14003, a 4-speed foot shift manual clutch motorcycle. Even back then, they used the ignition source coil ground to operate the brake light. Ground the green wire first to get spark.
Yamaha Wiring: Yamaha made the QT50 Yamahopper moped (actually “no-ped” or “mokick”) from 1979 to about 1983. There are 2 or 3 wiring and electrical equipment versions. more later…
Zundapp mofas, mopeds, and mokicks were never sold in the US. The “BMW of mopeds” is included in the wiring party because Zundapps are easy to admire! Too bad “ZD40” means 40kph (26mph).
Welcome to Myrons Wiring Diagrams Gallery. Mopeds have strange electrical wiring. Many have “secret” wires that must be grounded to run. Many have switches that normally would turn off something, but instead they turn on something (brake light or horn). Most of the wiring diagrams explain this, when it applies. This “secret wire that must be grounded to run” system is only on most 1970’s and 1980’s US models. The reason for this craziness is that European mopeds do not need brake lights, but US ones do. So many kinds power the brake light from the back side of the ignition source coil. One kind, Puch 77-later, 6-wire, powers the horn from the back side of the ignition source coil. So on a 77-on Puch, if you unplug the horn and push the horn button, the engine dies. Besides loosing spark, older mopeds also often burn out light bulbs. That is because a magneto generator alone, without a battery or regulator, ranges from dim lights at idle, to bright at full speed. So your bulbs are either too dim, or else they burn out a lot. Modern (1990-later) mopeds don’t have the old moped wiring problems. They run a more powerful magneto, 70-80 watts instead of 30-40. All the lights run off one wire, with a 12VAC voltage regulator. To keep the voltage below about 13V, the regulator passes any excess current into the frame where it’s mounted. So when most of the lights are off, the frame is being warmed a lttle. This “regulation by wasting” system is common on motorcycles but not automobiles. Also nothing that the lights do ever matters to the ignition. Magneto ignitions after about 1993 are CDI (Capacitor Discharge Ignition) instead of points. They’re also maintainence free and have easier starting.


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Introduction to Medical Properties Trust
As the June sun beat down on the bustling streets of Wall Street, investors found themselves in the midst of a tempestuous storm in this MPW Stock Analysis June 2023. The once-reliable Medical Properties Trust (MPW) had been engulfed in a downward spiral, its stock prices plummeting over the past year and a half. But amidst the thunderous crash, whispers of hope have emerged.
The first signs of a potential turnaround for MPW came as positive news. Analysts, those seasoned seers of the financial world, started to murmur about a glimmer of light at the end of this dark tunnel. It was this glimmer that ignited curiosity and set forth an exploration into MPW’s current state.
The journey began by delving into Fastgraphs, an intricate web that unraveled MPW’s financial performance with surgical precision. The Price to Adjusted Funds from Operation (P/AFFO) ratio took center stage as it served as a proxy for MPW’s earnings potential. To our dismay, it became evident that MPW’s AFFO had experienced a downward trajectory in recent years. This decline cast shadows upon dividend payments and raised concerns among investors.
But hope lay not only in dissecting past performance; it also resided in peering into crystal balls held by analysts who predicted future prosperity for MPW. FastGraphs’ Analyst Scorecard revealed that these analysts had been relatively accurate with their predictions, particularly when looking two years ahead. However, like any mystical art, inconsistencies lingered within earlier years’ estimates, reminding us to tread cautiously while relying on such forecasts.
As we ventured further into this labyrinthine analysis, our gaze shifted towards forecasting potential returns for brave souls considering investment in this beleaguered trust. By assuming a return to a 15 times multiple by the end of 2025 – an audacious assumption indeed – we discovered a tantalizing total rate of return of 143%. This equated to an annualized rate of return that would make even the most seasoned investors raise an intrigued eyebrow at 42.6%.
But, dear reader, potential returns are not solely determined by the whims of historical multiples. Two key factors emerged as formidable gatekeepers to MPW’s projected success: dividend yield and credit rating. MPW boasted an attractive dividend yield, a siren’s call for income-seeking investors. Yet, lurking beneath the surface was the disconcerting reality of MPW’s less-than-desired S&P credit rating. These factors hung in delicate balance, holding the power to shape MPW’s destiny.
As we approached the precipice of this section’s conclusion, our minds became consumed by a perplexing puzzle that demanded our attention: the unwarranted valuation disconnect. In June 2023, MPW addressed this enigma head-on in their investor update. We marveled at how this discrepancy between stock prices and net asset value (NAV) had led to a decline in NAV premium discount. Yet amidst this turmoil, MPW defiantly asserted that its business model remained steady and its investment selections were made with utmost care.
And so we find ourselves at the cusp of another section – one that delves into one of MPW’s potential Achilles’ heels: debt maturities. As we navigate these treacherous waters together, we shall analyze upcoming debt repayments due in 2026, ranging from Great British Pound notes to US Dollar and Euro obligations. While rolling over credit facility revolver may hold promise for smoother sailing ahead, caution must be exercised when traversing these repayment intricacies.
With each section revealing new layers and complexities within Medical Properties Trust (MPW), one thing becomes abundantly clear – within this intricate world lies both peril and promise for those bold enough to venture forth into its depths.
Understanding MPW’s Stock Analysis June 2023 – Financial Performance
As we delve deeper into the world of Medical Properties Trust (MPW), it becomes increasingly important to understand its financial performance and how it has been impacting investors. In this section, we will examine key financial indicators and ratios to gain a comprehensive understanding of MPW’s current situation.
One crucial ratio that serves as a proxy for earnings is the Price to Adjusted Funds from Operation (P/AFFO) ratio. By analyzing this ratio, we can gauge how well MPW is generating cash flows from its operations. Unfortunately, recent years have seen a decline in MPW’s AFFO, which has had a significant impact on dividend payments.
The downward trend in MPW’s AFFO can be attributed to various factors, including rising interest rates and increased expenses. These challenges have put pressure on the company’s ability to maintain its dividend payments at previous levels. As a result, investors have witnessed a decline in their income and overall returns.
To fully grasp the implications of these changes, it is crucial to evaluate analyst estimates for future performance. FastGraphs’ Analyst Scorecard provides valuable insights into the accuracy of analysts’ predictions. Fortunately, analysts have been relatively accurate with their two-year forward estimates for MPW. This consistency instills confidence in investors and helps shape expectations for future returns.
However, it is essential to acknowledge some inconsistencies in earlier years’ estimates. While analysts’ predictions may be useful as guidance, they should not be solely relied upon when making investment decisions regarding MPW. It is always prudent to conduct thorough research and exercise caution when considering analyst estimates.
Looking ahead, forecasting potential returns becomes paramount for investors interested in MPW stock analysis JUNE 2023. Based on historical multiples and assumptions about future performance, we can project potential returns by assuming a return to a 15 times multiple by the end of 2025.
By employing this methodology, we calculate a total rate of return of 143%, equivalent to an annualized rate of return of 42.6%. These figures highlight the significant upside potential MPW offers for investors who are willing to weather the storm and hold their positions.
While forecasting returns is crucial, it is equally important to consider the key factors that will influence MPW’s ability to achieve these projected returns. In this section, we will explore two such factors: dividend yield and credit rating.
Currently, MPW offers an attractive dividend yield, which is a significant draw for income-seeking investors. However, concerns arise when considering its S&P credit rating being lower than desired. A lower credit rating can impact borrowing costs and investor confidence in MPW’s ability to meet its financial obligations.
Understanding MPW’s financial performance is essential for investors looking to make informed decisions in the stock market. By analyzing key indicators such as AFFO ratio and evaluating analyst estimates, we gain valuable insights into MPW’s current situation and future prospects. Additionally, forecasting potential returns allows us to envision the upside potential that MPW holds. However, it is crucial to consider factors like dividend yield and credit rating that can significantly impact its ability to deliver on projected returns.
As we continue our journey through this book on MPW stock analysis JUNE 2023, let us proceed with optimism tempered by careful consideration of all relevant factors.
Evaluating Analyst Estimates for MPW Stock Analysis June 2023
As we delve deeper into our analysis of Medical Properties Trust (MPW), it is crucial to evaluate the accuracy of analyst estimates for the company’s future performance. In this section, we will explore FastGraphs’ Analyst Scorecard and shed light on analysts’ predictions for MPW’s financial outlook.
The Analyst Scorecard provided by FastGraphs offers valuable insights into the reliability of the analyst estimates. By examining past performance, we can determine how accurate these predictions have been and make informed decisions based on their credibility.
When analyzing MPW, we find that analysts have generally been relatively accurate with their two-year forward estimates. These predictions give us confidence in the forecasts presented in previous sections as they align with industry experts’ expectations.
However, it is essential to acknowledge some inconsistencies in earlier years. While most analysts have made reasonably accurate projections for MPW’s future performance, there have been instances where their estimates missed the mark.
To ensure a comprehensive evaluation of analyst estimates, it is crucial not to rely solely on these projections, but also consider other factors that may influence MPW’s financial performance. These factors include market conditions, regulatory changes, and unforeseen events that could impact the company’s operations and results.
We must remember that analyst estimates are not infallible; they are educated guesses based on available information at a specific point in time. As such, they should be used as one piece of the puzzle when making investment decisions regarding MPW stock.
Incorporating multiple perspectives and conducting our own due diligence allows us to gain a more well-rounded understanding of MPW’s potential trajectory. By combining our analysis with expert opinions from reputable sources like FastGraphs’ Analyst Scorecard, we can make more informed investment decisions.
It is also worth noting that analyst estimates can be subject to biases or limitations due to various factors, such as conflicts of interest or incomplete information. Therefore, while these estimates provide valuable insights, it is essential to approach them with a critical mindset and consider them in the broader context of MPW’s financial landscape.
Evaluating analyst estimates is an integral part of understanding MPW’s future performance. While analysts have generally been reasonably accurate with their predictions for MPW’s two-year forward estimates, there have been some inconsistencies in earlier years. It is crucial to use these estimates as a tool alongside other factors when making investment decisions. By incorporating multiple perspectives and conducting our own analysis, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of MPW’s potential trajectory and make informed decisions regarding our investments.
With this evaluation of analyst estimates complete, we now turn our focus towards forecasting potential returns for MPW based on historical multiples and assumptions about future performance. Join us in the next section as we explore the upside potential for investors and delve into the intricacies of projecting returns for Medical Properties Trust.
Forecasting Potential Returns
The stock market is a realm of uncertainty, where investors constantly seek opportunities to maximize their returns. In this section, we will delve into the fascinating world of forecasting potential returns for Medical Properties Trust (MPW), guided by historical multiples and assumptions about future performance.
As we embark on this journey, it is important to note that forecasting returns requires careful analysis and a deep understanding of the company’s financials. We must tread cautiously while balancing optimism with realism to paint an accurate picture of MPW’s potential.
Let us start by examining historical multiples. By analyzing past trends in stock prices and earnings ratios, we can gain insights into how MPW has performed in relation to its peers and the broader market. While past performance does not guarantee future results, it serves as a valuable reference point for our projections.
Assuming a return to a 15 times multiple by the end of 2025, based on historical data, we calculate a total rate of return for MPW of 143%. This staggering figure equates to an annualized rate of return of 42.6%, far surpassing many other investment opportunities.
However, it is crucial to understand that our forecasted returns are based on assumptions about future performance. We must consider various factors, such as market conditions, macroeconomic trends, industry-specific challenges, and management decisions that may impact MPW’s growth trajectory.
To achieve these forecasted returns, MPW must navigate through turbulent waters. Two key factors will significantly influence its ability to meet these projections: dividend yield and credit rating.
Currently offering an attractive dividend yield compared to its peers in the real estate investment trust (REIT) sector, MPW entices income-oriented investors seeking stable cash flows. However, we cannot overlook concerns regarding its credit rating being lower than desired according to S&P standards. Maintaining or improving this credit rating will be crucial for securing favorable financing terms and sustaining investor confidence.
In this section, we have explored the potential returns that await investors who choose to embark on a journey with MPW. The forecasted returns, based on historical multiples and assumptions about future performance, present an enticing opportunity for those seeking substantial gains.
Yet, as with any investment endeavor, risks lurk beneath the surface. Market conditions can shift unexpectedly, and unforeseen challenges may arise. It is crucial for investors to conduct thorough due diligence and exercise caution when making investment decisions.
As we conclude this section, let us acknowledge the allure of MPW’s potential returns. The forecasted rate of return of 143%, equivalent to an annualized rate of return of 42.6%, paints a tantalizing picture for investors willing to embrace the inherent uncertainties of the stock market.
In the next section, we will delve into two pivotal factors that could shape MPW’s ability to achieve its projected returns: managing debt maturities and maintaining a healthy balance between risk and reward.
Join us as we continue our exploration into Medical Properties Trust (MPW) in this captivating journey through the intricacies of stock analysis.
Key Factors Influencing Future Performance
As we delve deeper into the analysis of Medical Properties Trust (MPW), it becomes clear that there are two key factors that will significantly impact its ability to achieve the forecasted returns. These factors, dividend yield and credit rating, play a vital role in determining whether MPW can deliver on its projected returns.
One of the most attractive aspects of MPW for investors is its dividend yield. Currently, MPW offers an appealing dividend yield, which has been a significant contributor to its overall return on investment. However, it is crucial to note that the sustainability of this dividend depends on various factors, such as cash flow generation and financial stability.
While MPW has been able to maintain a healthy dividend yield, there are concerns about its S&P credit rating. The current credit rating is lower than desired for an investment trust like MPW. A higher credit rating not only provides confidence to investors but also allows for access to cheaper financing options. Therefore, improving the credit rating should be a priority for MPW’s management team.
To address these concerns and ensure future success, MPW needs to focus on maintaining strong financial performance while also working towards improving its creditworthiness. This can be achieved by implementing strategies such as increasing cash flow through effective asset management and exploring opportunities for business growth.
Additionally, MPW should prioritize maintaining transparent communication with shareholders regarding their plans for sustaining the current dividend yield and addressing any potential risks associated with their credit rating. By keeping investors informed and engaged in the decision-making process, MPW can foster trust and confidence among stakeholders.
The significance of these two factors cannot be overstated when considering MPW’s ability to achieve forecasted returns. A stable and attractive dividend yield ensures ongoing investor interest, while a higher credit rating opens doors to favorable financing terms and increased market confidence.
However, it is important not to overlook other aspects of MPW’s performance, such as operational efficiency and effective management of assets. These factors work in conjunction with dividend yield and credit rating to drive MPW’s overall success.
The key factors influencing MPW’s future performance revolve around dividend yield and credit rating. While MPW currently offers an attractive dividend yield, its credit rating is lower than desired. To achieve forecasted returns, MPW must maintain a strong financial performance, improve its creditworthiness, and communicate effectively with shareholders. By prioritizing these factors, MPW can position itself for continued growth and success in the market.
With these considerations in mind, let us venture further into our analysis of Medical Properties Trust (MPW) in the subsequent sections to gain a comprehensive understanding of its potential as an investment opportunity.
Unwarranted Valuation Disconnect
The June 2023 investor update for Medical Properties Trust (MPW) had everyone buzzing with anticipation. Shareholders and analysts alike were eager to hear how the company planned to address the significant discrepancy between its stock prices and net asset value (NAV). The unwarranted valuation disconnect had been a cause of concern for many, leading to a decline in the NAV premium discount. But MPW was determined to set the record straight.
As the presentation began, CEO John Doe took center stage, projecting an air of confidence and optimism. He acknowledged that, while MPW’s stock prices had not reflected its true value recently, it was important to remember that the company’s business model remained strong. Doe emphasized that MPW carefully selected investments and focused on quality healthcare real estate assets. This commitment to excellence would ultimately drive long-term growth for shareholders.
The June 2023 investor update marked a turning point for Medical Properties Trust. It was a reminder that even in times of uncertainty and market fluctuations, strong fundamentals and strategic vision could pave the way for future success. MPW remained steadfast in its commitment to delivering value for shareholders and reestablishing its stock prices as an accurate reflection of its true worth.
As readers closed this section on MPW’s journey towards bridging the valuation disconnect, they couldn’t help but feel a flicker of optimism themselves. The path ahead may be challenging, but with strong leadership at the helm and a clear strategy in place, there was every reason to believe that Medical Properties Trust would emerge stronger than ever before.
Managing Debt Maturities
The future success of Medical Properties Trust (MPW) hinges not only on its financial performance and forecasted returns but also on its ability to manage its debt maturities. In this section, we will delve into the potential weaknesses associated with MPW’s upcoming debt repayments and the implications they may have on the company’s overall stability.
As we evaluate MPW’s debt obligations, it is important to highlight the various currencies in which these debts are denominated. The upcoming debt repayments include Great British Pound, US Dollar, and Euro notes, each with their own unique challenges. While rolling over the credit facility revolver should not pose significant issues for MPW, it is crucial that the company carefully considers these repayments to ensure a smooth transition.
The repayment of debts denominated in different currencies adds an additional layer of complexity to MPW’s financial management. The fluctuating exchange rates between these currencies can impact the cost of repaying debts and potentially expose MPW to currency risk. Therefore, it becomes imperative for MPW to closely monitor exchange rate movements and develop strategies to mitigate any adverse effects.
Furthermore, the timing of these debt maturities coincides with an uncertain economic landscape. As economies recover from the global pandemic, interest rates may rise, making refinancing more expensive for companies like MPW. This underscores the importance of prudent financial planning and proactive measures by management.
To address these challenges effectively, it would be wise for MPW to consider several strategies. One option is refinancing existing debts at favorable terms before they mature. By taking advantage of lower interest rates or negotiating better terms with lenders, MPW can reduce their overall debt burden and improve their financial flexibility.
Another strategy could involve diversifying their sources of funding beyond traditional bank loans. Exploring alternative financing options such as private placements or issuing bonds can provide additional liquidity while spreading out risks across different investors or institutions.
Additionally, MPW should prioritize maintaining a strong credit rating. A higher credit rating not only reduces borrowing costs but also enhances investor confidence in the company’s ability to meet its financial obligations. It is crucial for MPW to demonstrate its commitment to sound financial management and solid operational performance to maintain or improve its creditworthiness.
While debt maturities pose a potential weakness for Medical Properties Trust, they can be effectively managed with careful planning and proactive measures. By closely monitoring exchange rates, exploring refinancing opportunities, and maintaining a strong credit rating, MPW can mitigate risks and ensure the smooth repayment of debts. As we continue our analysis of MPW’s stock performance in June 2023, it is essential to recognize these factors as influential indicators of the company’s overall stability and future prospects.
With debt management being a critical aspect of any company’s financial health, MPW must navigate this challenge strategically. The ability to successfully manage debt maturities will not only instill confidence in investors, but also provide the necessary foundation for sustainable growth and long-term success.
As we move forward in our analysis of Medical Properties Trust (MPW), it is vital that we keep these considerations at the forefront of our evaluation. Only by understanding how MPW manages its debt maturities can we fully grasp the potential impact on its overall financial performance and forecasted returns.
Dr. Lincoln C. Wood teaches at the University of Otago in New Zealand. He is an avid investor and educator. He loves cash flow, income, and dividends when investing. He likes to buy undervalued companies with strong advantages and earnings growth.

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The first ever home entertainment system, Sony’s Sony Music, was launched in January.
We’ll see how the company is doing in 2017, but the company has already announced that it’s releasing the Sony Music Pass for PS4 on November 1.
In addition to the pass, Sony is also selling a new PlayStation app called Play Now.
Play Now is designed to offer you access to content on demand, but it’s not as straightforward as using the PSN to find and play music.
Here’s what you need to know about the new PS4 app: The new PS Plus app will offer access to all PS4 games and other content on the PS4, including all PlayStation apps, games, and games from Sony’s library.
You can also stream PlayStation apps on your TV using the Sony TV App, which is a completely free service.
The PS4 will offer more than just entertainment and movies to play with on your PS4.
A new set of gaming-centric features is also being added to the app.
Players will be able to add and remove games from their PS4 library at any time.
With PS4 Pro and DualShock 4 controller support coming to the PS3, the PS 4 Pro and its controller will also work as a stand-alone device.
And as part of its launch of the PS Now app, Sony has also released the new Sony Music App, an app that will allow users to add music to their PSN accounts and playlists.
It will be available for free to users who have purchased the PS Plus and PS Plus Plus Pass.
On the PlayStation app front, Sony also unveiled a new video app called PlayStation VR, which has the ability to be used with PlayStation VR headsets.
But for all the PS app announcements, Sony Music is still not out.
According to The Verge, Sony will release an update to the software for its PlayStation app in the coming weeks.

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A Link Between Power and
by Lexa Olick
Over recent years, we have seen great strides in digital technology.
Whatever new device comes out, it is only a matter of time before its
newer incarnations become capable of taking photos. It wasn't long ago
when a phone was a just phone and an iPod just carried music. Now,
everything seems to double as a camera.
These digital cameras are capable of storing thousands of images; some
people take advantage of that feature and these pictures never see the
light of day. They sit inside the memory cards and may even be erased
to make more room for new photos.
Because the technology is at our fingertips, we tend to take
photographs on a whim. Whatever spontaneous moment arises, we are there
to capture it. We can keep these magical moments frozen in time
forever, as well as smaller moments, such snapping a quick shot of our
reflection in the mirror.
For the most part, subject matter is still important. We continue to
use photography as art, to preserve memories, and to remember our loved
ones. However, now that we have the ability to take a photograph of
anything at any time, we have a collection of photos that will likely
never make it inside a frame.
When photography was introduced, it was most notable for portrait art.
However, in some places of the world, people were not only the subject
of portrait art—they themselves would also become a magical object. In
the beginning, photography was seen as a type of sympathetic magic; to
take a person's photo was to steal a part of them. It was equated to
taking nail clippings, hair, blood, or other personal possessions to
strengthen a curse against a victim. Possessing a photograph of an
enemy became a powerful tool.
The most common myth surrounding photography was that a photograph
stole a person's soul. In the 19th century, the Indians of the North
American Plains used the term "shadow catcher" to identify a
photographer. They thought that photographs captured the shadows;
therefore, it trapped their souls within the image. They believed it
gave the photographers power over the subject in the photo.
Of course, realistic representations of humans were feared from the
beginning. In the legend of Daedalus, an inventor from ancient Greek
mythology, Daedalus was the first person to render realistic images. He
sculpted his statues with opened eyes, outstretched arms, and feet
stepping forward. He was the first to make a sculpture that represented
movement, while other sculptors formed figures with hanging arms, legs
fixed together, and lowered eyelids. It was said that many believed
that his stone statues were living beings that had to be secured or
else they would run away.
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1. Your new book is Witchy
Crafts. What inspired you to write a book about
crafting, let alone
crafts geared toward a "witchy" audience?
There are surprisingly not a lot of
witchy crafts out there. If you're lucky enough to find some, they're
usually in the realm of candles, incense, or smudge wands. Those are
great projects; once you learn how to make them, you'll be making them
for the rest of your life! They are extremely useful. However, once you
learn the basic crafts, your fingers are itching to create more. In Witchy Crafts, the reader learns
how to take everyday crafts and alter them to suit their lifestyle.
sixty projects included in the book span various art techniques and
implement various magical items and knowledge. Does a reader need to be
particularly crafty or witchy to use the book?
Absolutely not. The introductory chapters
include instructions on basic craft techniques, such as crocheting,
sculpting, sewing, painting, and drying herbs. If someone is not
particularly crafty, they can always refer to the beginning chapters
for help. As for witchy, it does help but it is not mandatory. Someone
who is Wiccan will appreciate the use of a Woven Tarot Bag or a Magic
Wand. However, the crafts are not so far into the realm of magic that
they couldn't be used by everyone. Many people enjoy burning candles,
even if it's not for a ritual purpose and the Woven Tarot Bag can be
used as a pouch. If someone is not witchy, they might be interested in
the history behind the craft projects. In Part 1 of Witchy Crafts, I
explain how different craft projects relate to each month of the year.
Overall, it's a very informative book that's not just about craft
3. Do the
craft projects include any magical imbuement, such as correspondences
the full interview.
Weave a Magical Web of Support
by Sandra Kynes
Magical correspondences are generally thought of as
simple correlations among the elements, directions, seasons, and colors
that are frequently used in ritual. What exactly are correspondences?
Why do we use them? And how can we use them more effectively? Sandra
Kynes, author of Llewellyn's Complete Book of Correspondences,
5 Reasons Route 66 Is Haunted
by Richard Southall
Route 66 is a 2,448-mile roadway that connects Illinois
to California; along with its many twists and turns come stories of
ghosts, hauntings, and other paranormal activity. Why does this road,
one of great history and legend, inspire paranormal activity? Richard
Southall, author of Haunted Route 66, provides five reasons.
The Cardinal Cross: Evolutionary Seeds of Change
by Deva Green
The Cardinal Cross is important to understand in
evolutionary astrology. From an evolutionary perspective, the cardinal
cross reflects the need to implement change and forward momentum in our
lives. Evolutionary astrologer Deva Green explains the specific
evolutionary intentions of the cardinal cross in the natal chart—in
other words, why the Soul has picked the specific cardinal archetypes
The Book of Shadows Tarot, Volume 1: As Above
by Barbara Moore
In 2008, Lo Scarabeo asked Tarot expert Barbara Moore to
create a pair of decks called The Book of Shadows Tarot.
After considerable thought and planning, the Book of Shadows
Tarot, Volume I: As Above was born. This is the story of its

domain: artistic


text:
TB and HIV Co-Infection Update: Global Becomes Local
Dr. Henry Fraimow, an infectious disease specialist and associate professor of medicine at University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, spoke to a group of health care professionals on 11 April 2013 in Baltimore, MD. Dr. Fraimow discussed TB and HIV infections and the affect these diseases have upon each other. His presentation included the global epidemiology of TB as well as current trends health care professionals are experiencing with TB in the US.According to Dr. Fraimow, there are specific management issues with these two infectious diseases and today there is an “evolving global catastrophe” arising from drug-resistant TB.
Key to understanding the relationship of these two diseases is knowing the difference between “latent TB” and “TB disease”. Dr. Fraimow explores the complexities of these TB diseases along with current treatment options. Most notable for health care professionals is the data provided on populations infected or most at-risk for TB, as well as the accepted standard of care for TB and HIV-infected patients.
Dr. Fraimow incorporates various clinical case studies throughout the presentation. They provide excellent teaching opportunities for the audience and serve as tools to gain valuable insight into the specific information to be extracted from patients that will best enable the health care provider to treat the patient. It is through one case study that he concludes: “HIV testing is part of the standard of care for management of all TB cases.”
For the first time in its history, the CDC recently published data showing the different parts of the world where TB and HIV-infected individuals are coming from. The demographics of TB are important to consider in determining who is at risk. Although TB cases in the US are on the decline, and had at one time “become a forgotten disease”, it is a disease that needs knowledgeable health care professionals. It is present all over the world and it will always be present in the US as long as populations are continuing to immigrate to the US. States with the highest immigration rates will continue to see new cases of TB among the lower socioeconomic classes.
“There is no perfect test for TB,” Dr. Fraimow warns. There are a variety of treatment options and each patient should be treated differently, depending on his or her specific risk factors. There are pros and cons to the various treatments and Dr. Fraimow summarizes the latest data available on the subject. He cautions health care professionals to be aware of physical as well as systemic symptoms of TB when making a diagnosis. No longer is delayed treatment advised, rather studies suggest that there is a “…significant mortality difference in people who are started early on antiretroviral therapy with TB compared to people for whom treatment is delayed.”
Joan Deoul, a retired attorney, is a free-lance writer based in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida

domain: medical


text: Capitalizing on decades of leadership in nearly all major categories of technical endeavor, the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois created IllinoisVENTURES, which was formally launched in 2002, to catalyze the creation and development of research-derived companies in information technologies, physical sciences, life sciences and clean technology, particularly those deriving from the University of Illinois and other Midwestern Universities and federal laboratories. John Banta was recruited to lead the new organization, with the broad mandate to license promising technology and promote the formation of spin-off companies. Within the year, Rob Schultz and John Regan joined Banta, having worked closely with him and each other as entrepreneurs, investors and fellow Board members in prior projects. They were joined by Kathryn Hyer, an experienced life science investment banker and early-stage executive already associated with the University. Under the guidance of a world-class Board comprised of leaders from all phases of the investment community as well as academia, they set out to create a state of the art environment for new company formation via a unique public/private partnership. The team recognized that in addition to business development support the effort needed to comprise meaningful investment resource or it could not bring about referenceable success. Their own experiences demonstrated that substantial capital could be attracted to the region, but only by fundable companies that had begun to mitigate risk through the development of strong teams, the productization of their technology and the validation of proposed markets. Given the limited presence of seed and early stage technology investors actively committing capital to the region, in 2004 they raised their first venture fund, the Illinois Emerging Technologies Fund. They realized as well that success could not be obtained or defined locally, but rather was a regional phenomenon. Ultimately, the collective effort of the Board of Managers, University leadership, the partners and supporting staff and particularly the collaborating entrepreneurs and researchers resulted in the pioneering of a successful commercialization strategy that benefited a multivariate set of public and private stakeholders, demonstrating that significant returns can be generated from a portfolio comprised in the majority of companies deriving from and/or with significant presence in the Midwest. To date, IllinoisVENTURES has formed and supported an array of award wining projects in multiple domains throughout the region, which have attracted substantial third-party co-investment from leading investment firms across the nation. The long-standing collaborative experience of the team working together in early stage new enterprise formation is the basis of that success.


text:
The Echo has frequently been the home of rock legends over the ages, and its chic atmosphere in contrast with its ramshackle appearance reflects that. Primary colored spots of light flash on the dance floor as dual disco balls illuminate a small room where people shuffle about impatiently awaiting live music. While some patrons lounge about in the booths circling the venue, others mingle with Eddie Argos and Dyan Valdes at the merch booth.
The opening act is Ezra Furman and The Harpoons, who jump right into things with their passionate folk rock stylings. Furman sings his heart out with little reception from the audience, a few of whom bop their heads or sway to and fro, though many attendees claimed that they were there specifically to see The Harpoons. Their performance was certainly self-inspired, but on the whole sounded like a folky version of Modest Mouse.
Later, the intermission dance music cuts out and the French national anthem blares through the room as the French Resistance… Now! takes the stage, opening with their tune “Creeque Allies.” Filling the ranks of the band Blood Arm frontman Nathaniel Fregoso and, to the surprise of many, Art Brut guitarist Ian Catskillin, who barely made it to the show due to international flight cancellations. The two cycle around to play different instruments for different songs, Catskillin hopping on keys and then drums at one point while Fregoso sings backup vocals. The band still seem to be missing a fifth member since prerecorded loops of drums, tambourines and such play while the instruments remain untouched. Still, the songs they play are riddled with alluring bass and harmonies you wouldn’t find on the album, as much of the show seemed like a whimsical yet well rehearsed performance for the band. Argos feels the need to set up each song in order for the audience to understand its meaning, and although his British colored commentary is amusing, he sometimes babbles on tangents leaving the audience in want for what they paid to see: the music. Later, Eddie admitted that he was a tad nervous on how their first show of the tour would go and that he now believes he has a grasp of what his band is capable of, performance wise.

domain: entertainment


text:
Family Fun Pontoon Boat Rentals
Family fun is what Pensacola Pontoons is all about. We are a local family owned and operated business. Charlie and Holly deliver the boats to our customers while the kids play on the beach or the dock. Sometimes Meemaw keeps the Littles while we go to work. We know how to work together as a family but more importantly we know how to play together! Our favorite family fun time is on or near the water. One of our goals as a business is to share our beloved maritime life with our customers. We strive to make your time with your family on the water as carefree as possible. We want you to concentrate on having a great time and making fantastic memories.
“Are we there yet???”
Pensacola’s beaches and waterways have many family friendly water accessible activities. For example, Fort Pickens, the Gulf Coast National Seashore, Fort McRee, our many white sugar sand beaches, Sand Island (aka Admiral’s Island) and all the wonderful waters and their marine life in between can be reached by our boats.
Pontoon boats are excellent family friendly platforms for adventure. The high sides and comfortable seats give children room to explore safely. The bimini tops on our boats give sun protection and keep everyone cooler. We provide life jackets for everyone, fitted to kiddos, and there is a swim ladder on each boat for climbing back on after a good cannonball off the bow. There is plenty of room for snacks, coolers and naps as needed. The excellent anchors on our boats ensure you won’t be stranded on a beach with Littles needing supper at the end of a great day of play.
We fully understand the importance of family recreational time and hope that we can help you have a relaxed and worry free journey on our Pensacola waters! Check out our Things to Do page for other ideas to share with your family! If you are ready to book your super duper wooper fooper fun adventure book here!

domain: travel


text:
The former star of "The Affair" and "Fringe" talks from home about his new series, "Little Fires Everywhere."
Watch the video
Related lists from IMDb users
Search for "Mi mesera" on Amazon.com
Three girls from different social classes are forced to take that first step into adulthood that leads them to live fun adventures and also unfortunate events.
Do you have any images for this title?
On IMDb TV, you can catch Hollywood hits and popular TV series at no cost. Select any poster below to play the movie, totally free!
Browse free movies and TV series


text:
Albany, New York, April 2, 2018: Automotive laser headlights are basically laser-assisted headlights that are made up of a phosphorous lens and laser diodes. Such laser lights deliver four times the illumination of an LED-powered light. One of the factors motivating the demand for automotive laser headlight is the primary assistance of laser-assisted headlights to drivers due to their longest illumination range. For understanding the market scope for these headlights, Market Research Reports Search Engine (MRRSE) has included a new report titled “Automotive Laser Headlight Market – Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2017 – 2025”, to its online database. This assessment talks about the impact of the prominent drivers and restraints over the demand for automotive laser headlight in the coming years. Moreover, the opportunities are also highlighted at the global and regional level to enlighten the readers in a precise manner.
The report offers an estimated market size for the global automotive laser headlight market during 2016 and for the next nine years. In addition, the global market size of automotive laser headlight is provided on the basis of revenue and volume. Moving ahead, readers can gather knowledge about the market segmentations in terms of region and sales channel. Each of the segments are analyzed on the basis of present and future inclinations.
Talking about the regional segmentation, readers can learn about the current and forecast demand associated to automotive laser headlight in Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa and Latin America. According to recorded statistics, in 2016, the European region ruled the automotive laser headlight market capturing 40% share; it is expected to retain the same position during the stated forecast period. Germany is the dominant area which has been active in the adoption of innovative technology. Interestingly, Asia Pacific is expected to deliver tremendous progress since the emerging economies are offering lucrative opportunities to the overall automotive sector. Countries like Japan, China and India are anticipated to lift the automotive laser headlight in the following years.
Finally, the study profiles the major companies effective in the global automotive laser headlight market. Some of these players which are mentioned in the report are OSRAM GmbH, ZKW Group, Valeo S.A., Robert Bosch GmbH, SORAALASER, among others. Each of these market players are profiled based on their attributes like company overview, business strategies, financial overview, and SWOT analysis and recent developments. Readers can even access the research methodology for understanding the foundation for this analysis.
Browse Full Global Automotive Laser Headlight Market Report with TOC : https://www.mrrse.com/automotive-laser-headlight-system-market
Market Research Reports Search Engine (MRRSE) is an industry-leading database of market intelligence reports. MRRSE is driven by a stellar team of research experts and advisors trained to offer objective advice. Our sophisticated search algorithm returns results based on the report title, geographical region, publisher, or other keywords.
MRRSE partners exclusively with leading global publishers to provide clients single-point access to top-of-the-line market research. MRRSE’s repository is updated every day to keep its clients ahead of the next new trend in market research, be it competitive intelligence, product or service trends or strategic consulting.
90, State Street
Albany, NY – 12207

domain: geography


text:
Lulie C. Scattergood Scholarship
The Lulie C. Scattergood Scholarship was established in 1937 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, California Division, Children of the Confederacy, with an additional bequest in 1996 from the Elisabeth H. Becker Trust, to provide undergraduate scholarships to descendants of a veteran of the Confederate Army of the Civil War (1861-1865).
The original donor, Lulie Chilton Scattergood, established the scholarship in memory of her father, R.R. Chilton, a Confederate Surgeon. She was born February 7, 1867, shortly after the war’s conclusion in Michigan and passed away January 23, 1968.
While UCLA administers the award, eligible candidates may attend any UC campus who meet the criteria established by the Confederacy, California Division, Children of the Confederacy, and approved by the Education Committee. Please visit the United Daughters of the Confederacy, California Division website to apply.

domain: history


text:
Is Online Casino Gambling Legal?
Bingo and also Keno are lotto game design video games that are simple to play. Appreciate Bingo or Keno at any one of our included on the internet casino site AUS websites. Online casinos, casino poker spaces, bingo as well as sporting activities wagering internet sites have a lengthy background on the net. Hal ini kemudian membuat pemain judi banyak mengalami kesulitan hingga akhirnya menelan kekalahan dalam setiap permainan judi online poker yang dimainkan. Sekiranya Hanya disitus ini para participant dapat take out berkali-kali karena kami sebagai agen dari IDN Play menyediakan aneka video games yang mudah di menangkan dan 100 Persen terjamin dari serangan cyberpunk dan pihak-pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab serta terjamin pula bahwa di situs judi casino poker bebas dari robotic dan robot yang tertanam didalam system participant location situs texas hold’em on the internet kami.
No issue what your selection is, the online casino looks and functions excellent when you’re running it in the immediate play setting, download, or mobile variation. The online casino likewise has the user friendly and also play mobile web site where you merely need to touch as well as play. Additionally, competitors are tough amongst on-line casino site drivers, so they provide excellent welcome perks, useful benefits programs, a great option of video games, and also a reduced residence side than numerous land-based online casinos. Talking about worrying about the lawfulness of cost-free online gambling enterprise video games in America, there’s nothing clear on the lawfulness of on the internet casino sites since the observation of online casino betting online is considered criminal in numerous countries individuals other than Silver State.
Zodiac flashes online casino uses the premium, trusted, and secured betting solutions are given that 2002. This Microgaming online gambling enterprise has verified it’s one of the finest after getting lots of specific niche benefits, such as the very best Casino Service as well as the very best judi online24jam New Online Casino. With this understanding, they will certainly have the ability to grasp the globe of on the internet betting. This online casino video game has straightforward gameplay and also is the factor Craps is taken pleasure in throughout the globe. To identify the unique astrological motif, Zodiac online gambling enterprise made use of brilliant yellow and also purple shades blended with the zodiac indicators and also various other extraterrestrial items. The gamers are complimentary to check Zodiac Casino’s immediate variation or choose Zodiac Casino complimentary download on their desktop computers.


text:
The close-up Magician, Cocktail or Table Magician, is performing at your table or standing close to you.Illusion right before your eyes.
As a stage magician, I'm pleased to entertain you with my "Magic Comedies" show.Laughs, emotions, and of course a lot of surprises.
As a mentalist, I will entertain you with memory demonstrations, predictions, mind reading and a lot of humor.Because mental magic can be funny too.
A balloon entertainer is not only for children. Enjoy the magic of balloons from a master Artist, at your table or during a cocktail.
I love to perform magic and balloons for children.Please visit my dedicated website.


text:
Look and feel fabulous in this stunning Feather Trim Blazer Dress. With its sophisticated blazer design and delicate feather trim, you will have people turning heads wherever you go. Perfect for any special occasion, you're guaranteed to look stunning in this unique dress. Aren't you ready to make a statement?
Club Top, Party Top, Party Dresses, Evening Dresses
Tops, Women Tops, Crop Top, Form-Fitting, Bodycon
Wear to - Date nights, festive events, girl's night out.
Gentle dry clean only
There may be slight inaccuracy in manual measurement. Therefore the range of 3cm is acceptable.
The model picture is just for reference. The real pictures(without model) are closest to the true color. Color may vary due to lighting on images.

domain: design


Misty Morning Dew. Review by Michelle Wilson.
Milk Money. Review by Stacey Zering.
Soulfire Live! (Wicked Cool Records). Review by Bob Pomeroy.
AM/FM. Review by Stacey Zering.
Magic Valley (Interscope Records). Review by Michelle Wilson.
The Last Real Rock N’ Roll (Acetate Records). Review by Joe Frietze.
Delusions of Grandeur (Red Eye Records). Review by Carl F Gauze.
Pioneering ’90s emo band Rye Coalition were close enough to stardom to taste it. So what happened?
The legendary REO Speedwagon joined forces with Cheap Trick’s Robin Zander to converge on Melbourne, FL’s King Center and deliver a true blue rock and roll spectacle of epic proportions.
In2ition (Sony Music Entertainment / Master Works). Review by Carl F Gauze.
Santana invades the stage at Montreux Jazz fest for an unforgettable concert.
Elton John has taken his Greatest Hits Tour on the road. What better time to finally catch the master songwriter, thought Jen Cray , and rightfully so.
Live at Montreux 1980 (Eagle Records). Review by James Mann.
Finally, a DVD release of the seminal Bon Scott-fronted AC/DC concert film Let There Be Rock.
Reimaginator. Review by Joe Frietze.
This Is Thirteen (VH1 Classics). Review by Duncan B. Barlow.
Orlando, Florida’s Megaphone wraps up an amazing year with a high energy hometown show.
Jet’s inspired blending of garage and classic rock shouldn’t work, but it does, even six years after plowing into America’s consciousness.
Jake Brown takes advantage of the 25th anniversary of Def Jam Records to present music fans with his appreciation of its co-founder, Rick Rubin.
Jen Cray is delighted to report that Green Day has morphed into an unstoppable rock ‘n’ roll band, capable of holding entire arenas of fans in the palm of its collective sweaty hand. Whether you believe it or not is up to you.
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This week, Christopher Long nearly fights a famed rock star in defense of his 1970s pin-up princess. To prove his point, Chris goes into his own garage and digs out his musty vinyl copy of the self-titled 1972 alt. country classic from Linda Ronstadt.
This week, cuddly curmudgeon Christopher Long finds himself feeling even older as he hobbles through a Florida flea market in pursuit of vinyl copies of the four infamous KISS solo albums — just in time to commemorate the set’s milestone 45th anniversary.


Power Plant Term Definitions
 Fuel type
- Biogas - Gas produced by processing biomass in an anaerobic digester
- Blast Furnace Gas - (BFG) not to be confused with Coke Oven Gas, associated with steel production.
- Brown Coal - also known as lignite.
- Coal - Generic term when specific type of coal is not known (such as Brown Coal or Hard Coal).
- Coal Water Mixture - (CWM) also called Coal Water Fuels (CWF), a slurry of coal and water.
- Coke Oven Gas - Gas produced by the process of making coke, associated with steel production.
- Diesel Oil - Often used for generators in remote locations.
- Fuel Oil - associated with power plants near refineries.
- Gasoil - specific type of Fuel Oil.
- Hard Coal - also known as anthracite.
- Heavy Fuel Oil - more specific type of Fuel Oil, associated with power plants near refineries.
- Landfill Gas - Methane recovered from landfills, not the same as Biogas
- Municipal Solid Waste
- Naphtha - associated with power plants near refineries.
- Natural Gas
- Ocean Thermal (OTEC) - Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion - The difference in temperature between water on the ocean surface and water much deeper below is used to drive a heat engine.
- Oil - Generic term if no more information is known. Could refer to Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil, or Heavy Fuel Oil.
- Petroleum Coke - associated with power plants near refineries.
- Refuse Derived Fuel
- Residual Fuel Oil - more specific type of Fuel Oil, associated with power plants near refineries.
- Solar Radiation - includes both photovoltaic and concentrated solar power (CSP).
- Waste Heat - Involves the use of waste heat from industrial processes to produce electricity (example). Not very common.
 Cooling method
- air fan - no water cooling is employed
- cooling tower
- fresh water - source of water used in the cooling process.
- sea water - source of water used in the cooling process.
 Power plant use
- electricity only - Heat output of the power plant is not used.
- modern cogen - Typical large-scale industrial combined heat and power (CHP)
- special cogen - A special configuration beyond that of a modern cogen. An example would be a power plant that produces a pure stream of CO2 for industrial purposes in addition to just electricity and heat.
- waste to energy
- horticulture - CHP is used within a greenhouse for heating and production of CO2. Some electricity may be sold to the grid.
- urban heating - Power plant is used for heating within a city.