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Calling all rugby players, past and present!
Not played rugby for a while? Know someone who used to play who is thinking of coming back?
Then now is the time to get Back in The Game, reunite with old friends, and make brand new ones!
TJ Perenara has proven his character in All Blacks return | The Breakdown
Fauono Ken Laban reflects on TJ Perenara's journey from All Blacks star to club rugby and back again after his impressive return to the black jersey.
France 2023 | One year to go | Rugby World Cup on RugbyPass
RugbyPass will be on the ground once again during next year's Rugby World Cup in France.
Facing Goliath | A story following Italy as they take on the mighty All Blacks | A Rugby Originals Documentary
RugbyPass went behind the scenes with the Italian rugby team as they prepared for a clash with the All Blacks at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.
Being Barbarians - Rugby Documentary
Our new rugby documentary follows Scott Robertson and Ronan O'Gara in a brand new saga following the Barbarians rugby team, one of the most famous sides in the world. In this clash, they take on New Zealand XV.
Morné Steyn | All Access | Why he will be remembered as one of the best Springbok rugby players ever
RugbyPass was lucky enough to speak to one. of the legends of Springbok Rugby. Steyn spoke openly about his rugby career, as well as his experiences of both the 2009 and 2021 Lions Seres.
ASX Sports Fantasy Rugby | A new generation of fantasy rugby is here with apps for iOS and Android!
Fantasy sports meets reality trading. This is where you build your ultimate team and your sporting portfolio. Where your sporting knowledge in players and teams meets its reward. You decide whether to buy, sell or trade. Basically, you own it.
Black Ferns continue to be the highlight of everyone's week | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
The Black Ferns continue to delight.
Rob Kearney and Alfie Barbeary - A Lion and a Wasp | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 17
Max and Ryan are joined by England's hottest prospect Alfie Barbeary and Irish legend Rob Kearney.
The Rugby Showcase - Trailer
Trailer for The Rugby Showcase, a 2 day-event where some of the top young rugby players in Amercia look to impress in the hope of being drafted into Major League Rugby.
Joe Schmidt's attack and how the All blacks will integrate it | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
James Parsons highlights Joe Schmidt's strengths as an attack coach and outlines what to expect from the All Blacks moving forward.
Grey College vs Hamilton Boys' | World Schools Festival Final
The final of The World Schools Festival sees Grey College from South Africa take on Hamilton Boys' High from New Zealand. #wsf2022
Bernard Foley reveals his interaction with referee prior to being penalised
Bernard Foley was asked by media Friday morning about the penalty he received for time wasting and what discussion he had with the referee prior to it.
Alun Wyn Jones on what happened with Joe Marler as Wales lose to England in Six Nations
Wales coach Wayne Pivac and captain Alun Wyn Jones speak at a press conference following the team's Guinness Six Nations match against England.
Eben Etzebeth and Allan Alaalatoa kiss and make up!
Nothing a cold beer can't fix!
England missed an opportunity by accepting the draw | The Breakdown
Isaac Boss says England's decision to end the game when they could have chanced their arm at a win meant they missed an opportunity to test themselves ahead of next year's World Cup.
This is what happens when you drive rugby legend Shane Williams around the capital of Wales
Who We Are - Being Welsh #Isuzu
RugbyPass were lucky enough to meet Welsh Rugby legends James Hook and Shane Williams. We took both the players back to their roots as Jim Hamilton went into the heart of Wales with them.
Will Jordan's match winning play | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
Ross Karl, James Parsons and Will Genia discuss Will Jordan's decision to back himself and draw a number of Wallaby defenders to free up Jordie Barrett for the match winning try.
Why Perenara kicked with two minutes left and why England gave up | The Breakdown
Taylah Johnson analyses how the 30 penalties awarded throughout the weekend's Twickenham match dictated the actions of the final minutes and ultimately led to England settling for the draw.
Josh van der Flier robbed his teammate of mens Player of the Year | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
James Parsons explains why he believes World Rugby Men's Player of the Year Josh van der Flier's teammate would have been the more deserving recipient of the award.
The Season | Series 5 | Episode 1 | Hamilton Boys High School
In a country where rugby is king, high schools are breeding grounds for future rugby talent that the sporting world acknowledges to be the most plentiful on the planet.
Eben Etzebeth | Rugby Roots
Jim Hamilton travels to the South of France to visit the home of French giants Toulon and Springbok giant, Eben Etzebeth.
Chris Ashton on why Sam Burgess struggled in Rugby Union | Rugby Roots
Chris Ashton leans on his experience as a cross-code success story to discuss the reasons why Sam Burges' foray into Rugby Union didn't work out.
Ian Foster explains four 'critical' changes the All Blacks have made
New Zealand and South Africa will once again go to battle at Ellis Park this weekend and the All Blacks have rejigged their line-up for the clash.
The misfits of midfield | All Blacks Press Conference
Rieko Ioane and Jordie Barrett discus their new midfield partnership.
We are joined by Springbok rugby royalty with very special guest Siya Kolisi | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 31
We're joined by Springbok royalty, Siya Kolisi, who discusses his incredible journey to becoming one of the most iconic players the sport has ever seen. Siya discusses his career journey both on and off the pitch including - altercations!
Dan Biggar | All Access | Why the Autumn Series is the most brutal in rugby
We were lucky enough to speak with Dan Biggar on All Access with Jim Hamilton in association with Amazon Prime this week. Wales is set to embark on a tough Autumn Nations Series against South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
Josh Tuisova never lifts weights | Rugby Roots
Chris Ashton reveals that during his time in Toulon he never saw Fijian star Joshua Tuisova lift weights, despite what the 113kg utility back's physique might suggest.
INSIDE THE BARBARIANS | Go behind the scenes with one of the most iconic rugby clubs in the world
RugbyPass went behind the scenes with one of the most iconic rugby clubs in the world as they prepared for a clash with Wales at the Principality stadium.
Bryan Habana, Jonny Hill's hair pulling and South Africa's revenge | RugbyPass Offload | Ep 41
Bryan Habana joins the crew today to discuss England's fourth loss on the bounce to a fourteen man Australia team, New Zealand's display against Ireland and Wales almost winning an incredible upset against the World Champions in their own backyard.
Being Barbarians | Trailer
RugbyPass presents a story of superstar coaches and players uniting under the famous black and white once again. Scott Robertson and Ronan O'Gara aim to guide the Barbarians to victory against an All Blacks VX at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, London.
The Season | Series 5 | Episode 2 | Hamilton Boys High School
Training ramps up a gear as the team hits the gym to complete their final phase of strength work, while the leadership group provides critical analysis of the recent victory against Auckland Grammar.
What the All Blacks squad could look like halfway through Super Rugby Pacific | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
This week on the Aotearoa Rugby Pod, the panel of Ross Karl, James Parsons and Bryn Hall make their picks for some positions of the upcoming All Blacks squad, dissect the latest round of action and preview the upcoming Super Round in Melbourne.
What Sacrifice means to the Black Ferns | Healthspan Elite
In the first of four features brought to you by Healthspan Elite, Black Ferns Kendra Cocksedge, Eloise Blackwell and Ruahei Demant share what Sacrifice means to them in the Black Ferns environment.
Eddie Jones speaks on the Springboks as England prepare for Autumn Nations Series clash
England head coach, Eddie Jones, speaks ahead of Saturday's clash with South Africa at Twickenham. Jones labelled the world champions a 'tough side in all compartments' and said his side to keep their concentration at all times and make the most of t
After a massive weekend, Max and Ryan are joined by Premiership Champion and drop goal hero, Freddie Burns to relive all the drama from Twickenham.
Jamie Noon previews the final round of the Six Nations | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 25
We're joined by former England International and current Brive coach Jamie Noon this week to preview France's Grand Slam showdown with England in Paris at the weekend. Jamie gives us his take on living and working in France and looks back at some car
The perfect lower-body workout for rugby players | Charlie Willett | RugbyPass
Exeter's Charlie Willett talks you through the best exercises to build strength and power in your lower-body as a rugby player!
RUGBYPASS INSIDERS | NADOLO - A RugbyPass Originals Documentary
"Nadolo" explores the life and career of Fijian rugby legend Nemani Nadolo.
New Zealand Rugby Try of the Year nominees | The Breakdown
The New Zealand Rugby awards are just a few weeks away and so the ten nominees for try of the year have been announced.
The Rugby Pod react to Saracens not appealing salary cap penalty
The Rugby Pod gave their reaction to the news that Saracens will not appeal the 35 point deduction that they were given in light of breaching salary cap regulations.
Stephen Ferris, have New Zealand rugby lost their aura? | RugbyPass Offload | EP 42
Max and Ryan are joined by one of the toughest back rows in Irish rugby history, Stephen Ferris, to review week two of the July internationals and preview the final round of games between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
Dan Carter reveals the key to success for the All Blacks at next year's World Cup | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
This week on the Aotearoa Rugby Pod, Ross Karl, Bryn Hall and James Parsons are joined by All Blacks legend Dan Carter to discuss his upcoming Kickathon, his take on the current All Blacks side and how they can challenge for next year's World Cup.
Schalk Brits | Bringing Home Gold
Schalk Brits spoke to RugbyPass about his experiences bringing the William Webb Ellis trophy back to South Africa.
The Spirit of Rugby | Episode 3
In Episode 3 of the Spirit of Rugby, Jim Hamilton talks with Simon Shaw, Rob Kearney, Tom Croft, Ian McGeechan and Stephen Jones about the 2009 series loss to South Africa. The series has been remembered as one of the most brutal in living memory.
The fans at the 2019 Rugby World Cup were CRAZY
It's been a few weeks now since the Rugby World Cup in Japan ended. We thought it was worth looking back on some of our favourite moments with the fans!
England rugby fan trolls South Africa after 75-0 hammering | Rugby World Cup 2021
England fan puts on a South African accent after the Springbok women were put to the sword 75-0 by the Red Roses at Waitakere Stadium.
Freddie Burns & Max Lahiff - Dropped at Nandos, Loyalty & England's next head coach | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 28
With Ryan off on his travels, Freddie Burns steps into the breach once more for a cracking episode. We hear about his trip to Dubai with Ben Youngs and his family, training punch ups in his earlier days and getting dropped at Leicester over a Nandos.
France are everyone's boogey-monster | Rugby Roots
Ireland wing James Lowe projects France as the team to beat at the Rugby World Cup 2023, praising the team's halves combination, youth and physicality.
Who his Delon Armitage's worst enemy in rugby? | RugbyPass Offload
Former England International explains who is arch rival/enemy in rugby was during his playing career.
Weekend Highlights | The Breakdown
Catch up on some of the best highlights from the weekend that was in New Zealand rugby.
England fans are struggling to cope after another World Cup final loss | Sam Smith Reports | Rugby World Cup 2021
RugbyPass reporter Sam Smith talks to the fans after the Black Ferns stunned England 34-31 in the final at Eden Park.
Ma'a Nonu has "120 percent" belief in All Blacks
Following another heavy defeat, the All Blacks have had a vote of unwavering confidence from one of their all time greats in Ma'a Nonu.
The All Blacks in decline | The Breakdown
The Breakdown takes a look at the sad decline of the once world dominant All Blacks.
RUGBY EXPLORER | SOUTH AFRICA - Big Jim Hamilton explores the rugby communities of Cape Town and Port Elizabeth
We travel to South Africa for the latest episode of Rugby Explorer. Jim explores the stunning cities of Cape Town and Porth Elizabeth and meets the local rugby communities in both cities.
Reacting to the All Blacks squad and who wins the Blues vs Crusaders final? | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
This week on the Aotearoa Rugby Pod, Ross Karl, James Parsons and Bryn Hall react to the latest All Blacks squad announcement, review the Super Rugby Pacific semi-finals and make their picks for the Blues vs Crusaders final.
Pita Pens & More French Wins | Le French Rugby Podcast | Episode 29
Toulouse centre Pita Ahki joins us to discuss the drama of the penalty shootout at the Aviva Stadium, whether he'd have fancied taking one, returning to Dublin to take on Leinster and much more. Plus, Benji reveals he was next in line to take a penal
The Spirit of Rugby | Episode 1 | RugbyPass
RugbyPass is proud to share unique stories from the iconic Lions Tour to South Africa in 1997 in proud Partnership with The Famous Grouse and #SpiritofRugby. Interviews with Ian McGeechan, Jeremy Guscott & more!
James Lowe's first impressions of Johnny Sexton | Rugby Roots
James Lowe discusses his move from New Zealand and his surprise at the perceived aura around Ireland captain Johnny Sexton.
What makes Sam Cane so good? | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
On this weeks episode host Ross Karl is joined by James Parsons of the Blues and Bryn Hall of the Crusaders. They discuss the stocks in the locking position, Aaron Smith's dive and make the case for Sam Cane from a players perspective.
Jesse Kriel on putting the final nail in Eddie Jones' coffin | RugbyPass Offload
Marc Edwards jokingly blames the Springboks for putting the final nail in Eddie Jones' coffin as England's head coach, Jesse Kriel gives his perspective on the change.
Back in the Game - RFU
Calling all rugby players, past and present!
Not played rugby for a while? Know someone who used to play who is thinking of coming back?
Then now is the time to get Back in The Game, reunite with old friends, and make brand new ones!
Luke Cowan-Dickie, Six Nations Review and Sinckler's Sauna | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 21
We hear from Exeter Hooker about his journey with England and the Lions, his relationship with Eddie Jones and of course that volleyball moment in Edinburgh during the Calcutta Cup.
A Rugby Player's Christmas and England's Lewis Ludlam | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 15
We're also joined by England and Saints back row Lewis Ludlam to chat about life at Northampton, playing for Eddie Jones and The Rugby World Cup.
The case for Ardie Savea as the best in the world | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
The Aotearoa Rugby Pod panel discuss Ardie Savea's dominance throughout a shaky All Blacks season and how his monumental influence deserves more recognition at the World Rugby awards.
The French fans' reaction to defeat was very... French | Rugby World Cup 2021
Lucy Lomax interviews fans after a dramatic finish to the semi-finals of Rugby World Cup 2021 which saw France bottle the game-winning kick.
Dave Attwood on bust ups with Owen Farrell, Sam Burgess & new Bath era | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 35
Bristol and England's Dave Attwood joins the guys this week to reveal some loose stories from a well-traveled career. We hear about his run-in with Owen Farell, why his modern man approach didn't go down well with a certain head coach, and skiing in
The Academy - Part One
RugbyPass takes a look behind the scenes at the Leicester Tigers' player academy.
The Breakdown I Episode 7
Leon MacDonald joins the Breakdown to give an inside look at the Blues camp in 2020. This and all the big rugby news on your latest episode of the Breakdown.
Warren Gatland's reason behind saying no
Warren Gatland's reason behind saying no to the All Blacks job.
Eddie Jones insists Saracens scandal could be beneficial to England
Head coach Eddie Jones and captain Owen Farrell hold a press conference in London ahead of the start of the Six Nations tournament.
How England players should have navigated Eddie Jones' review | RugbyPass Offload
The Offload panel brainstorm ways that teams can conduct honest reviews by ensuring the anonymity of the players consulted.
Sam Cane lost for answers as Ian Foster's job questioned by media after series loss to Ireland | All Blacks press conference
All Blacks head coach Ian Foster and captain Sam Cane face the media after losing to Ireland 32-22 and the overall series 2-1 in the third test in Wellington.
How Super Rugby Aupiki can change women's rugby in New Zealand for the better | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
This week on the Aotearoa Rugby Pod, Ross Karl, Bryn Hall and James Parsons are joined by Black Ferns star Chelsea Semple to discuss her title-winning campaign in the inaugural Super Rugby Aupiki season.
Eddie Jones on England's poor record this year
Eddie Jones took full responsibility for England's record in 2022 after the team's second-biggest loss to South Africa at Twickenham.
Will Skelton on Champions Cup celebrations and playing for the Barbarians | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 38
The big rig Will Skelton joins us from Monaco this week where he's on tour with the Barbarians and rooming with George Kruis. He fills us in on the tour so far, hanging out at the palace with the Prince and who's leading the charge off the pitch.
Win £5,000 for your local club thanks to Budgy Smuggler
Budgy Smuggler is hosting a brilliant competition which gives you and your friends the chance to win a club fit-out of your club worth £5000. If that wasn’t enough, you also have the opportunity to win 100 pairs of Budgie Smugglers for your club!
South African side Grey College send off their team to the World Schools Festival
The famous Grey College send off their team as they prepare for the World Schools Festival in Thailand. The South African college will take on eight of the best rugby sides in the world from the 13th-17th December.
Black Ferns on fire vs Wallaroos | The Breakdown
The Black Ferns are building nicely ahead of the Women's Rugby World Cup in New Zealand, now less than two months away.
Guess the celebrity Rose | Adebayo Akinfenwa | England Rugby
Guess the Celebrity Rose. Can you work out our mystery sporting celebrity before @EnglandRugby stars Sarah Hunter, Hannah Botterman & Amy Cokayne? | Adebayo Akinfenwa | England Rugby | #WearTheRose O2sports
LIFE AFTER RUGBY | ANDY POWELL - Welsh Rugby's biggest character, on and off the field
One of Welsh Rugby's biggest characters on and off the pitch, RugbyPass travelled to Brecon to see how life after rugby is treating Andy Powell.
Has Foster done enough for a contract extension? | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
The panel of Jeff McTainsh, Bryn Hall and James Parsons chat through all the action from the second Bledisloe Cup test, the Springboks win over Los Pumas and what to expect from Roger Tuivasa-Sheck's professional rugby union debut.
Zach Mercer - Life in Montpellier & England Ambitions | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 30
We're globe-trotting this week as Ryan is dialing in from Glasgow's tour in South Africa and Zach Mercer joins us from the South of France after a massive win for Montpellier against Harlequins in the Champions Cup.
The Season | Series 5 | Episode 3 | Hamilton Boys High School
A changing room reminder about team values and expectations encourages the squad to train with consistency but mistakes start to creep in.
Fozzie still head coach until he hears otherwise
Ian Foster will continue to consider himself the All Blacks' head coach until such time as he may hear otherwise from CEO Mark Robinson.
A Clockwork Orange, Islander remedies and Jonny Hill | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 4
Max and Ryan are joined this week on the panel by England, Exeter and British & Irish Lion second-row Jonny Hill.
Can the Lions beat South Africa in 2021?
RugbyPass had the pleasure of talking to England and Leicester centre Manu Tuilagi about all things Lions!
Eddie Jones reacts to England | Tuilagi red card | Marler incident
Eddie Jones and Owen Farrell spoke to the media following their sides win against Wales at Twickenham.
England vs New Zealand Wild Post-Match Fan Reactions | Sam Smith Reports | Rugby World Cup 2019
Sam Smith caught up with the fans after England's win over New Zealand in the 2019 Rugby World Cup Semi-Final.
Mike Brown | Rugby Roots
Jim Hamilton is joined by former England international Mike Brown in the City of Newcastle. Mike discusses his difficult ending at Harlequins, how that team turned around their season to win the Premiership and much more.
How South Africa dominated England in the dark arts | The Offload
Max Lahiff breaks down South Africa's scrummaging tactics and Ryan Wilson marvels at their all-around set-piece superiority on The Offload.
A very Kiwi welcome to Rugby World Cup 2021
Are you ready? The Women's Rugby World Cup is here. Stay tuned for extensive coverage of the entire tournament right here on RugbyPass.
All Black & Bristol Bear John Afoa joins the panel | RugbyPass Offload | Episode 13
Max, Ryan and Marc are joined this week by former All Black and current Bristol Bears coach and prop John Afoa to hear about life in the front row.
How do the All Blacks find consistency? Ian Foster isn't entirely sure
Ian Foster was a little stumped at first when asked how his team could find the consistency that's been missing throughout his tenure as head coach.
Saracens Salary Cap Scandal | DMWJ | Big Jim Dives In
Former Saracens player Jim Hamilton discusses the salary cap scandal surrounding his former club. fun stuff
Does Dalton Papali'i deserve the start over Sam Cane | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
Bryn Hall gives his verdict on Dalton Papali'i vs Sam Cane and discusses the implications of starting one head of the other ahead of a World Cup.
Beyond 80 | Knocked
In a new RugbyPass series - Beyond 80 - takes an unflinching look at the reality of concussion in rugby. 'Knocked' sees players, referees, medics and the sport's bodies give a unique insight into the condition and what's being done to combat it.
Picking the 2022 Super Rugby Pacific champions and the Kiwi take on the Six Nations | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
In the first episode of 2022, the Aotearoa Rugby Pod panel of Ross Karl, Bryn Hall and James Parsons preview the Super Rugby Pacific season, provide an update from the Queenstown bubble and unpack the latest Six Nations action.
Le French Rugby Podcast - Episode 19
Benjamin Kayser and Johnnie Beattie are back to go through France's big win at Murrayfield with a fine tooth comb. We discuss how the French are now set up to win away, how Gregor Townsend ignored all of Johnnie's tactical advice and how he bumped in
How the Super Rugby Pacific final has impacted upcoming All Blacks selections | Aotearoa Rugby Pod
This week on the Aotearoa Rugby Pod, the panel of Jeff McTainsh, James Parsons and Joe Wheeler review the Super Rugby Pacific final, dissect what that means for Ireland's upcoming tour of New Zealand, and preview the star-studded Pacific Nations Cup.
Jones popular option to stay
Jones is the popular option to stay in charge until 2023.

domain: sports


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We are closed between Wednesday 20th & Saturday 23rd as will be exhibiting at The Midlands Woodworking Show, Newark, Stand 27. Orders placed between these dates will not be dispatched until Tuesday 26th March.
Taylors Mirfield are a distributor for SoliMould, SoliMould are Moulds designed for pen blank making. They are made from solid HDPE. They come complete with Silicone bungs which are designed to hold the brass tube from your pen kits. The method makes it possible to cast images onto your pen tubes.

domain: artistic


Current tax withholding tables 2020
This guide is effective January 2020 and includes local income tax rates. These rates were current at the time this guide was developed. The Maryland withholding tables. are not located in this guide. They can be found at . www.marylandtaxes.gov. Withholding tax is not an additional tax, but merely a WITHHOLDING GUIDE This guide is effective January 2020 and includes local income tax rates. These rates were current at the time this guide was developed. The Maryland Legislature may change this tax rate when in session. During this time, please check our Web site at www.marylandtaxes.gov. for any changes. Updated August 2019 . Comptroller of NC-30 Income Tax Withholding Tables and Instructions for Employers Withholding Tax Forms and Instructions » Expand. Income Tax Withholding Tables and Instructions for Employers . Associated Files. NC-30 Withholding Tables and Instructions . For Tax Year 2020. PDF • 658.72 KB. Download. Details. Withholding tax rates. Current withholding tax rates continue for 2020. Federal Form W-4 cannot be used for Wisconsin withholding tax purposes. The Internal Revenue Service's redesigned 2020 Form W-4 removed federal allowances. Prior to this change, an employee could use Form W-4 for Wisconsin pur- Income Tax Withholding . Instructions . This Guide Contains: • How to Calculate, Withhold, and Pay New Jersey Income Tax • Withholding Rate Tables • • • • • • Instructions for the Employer’s Reports (Forms NJ-927 and. NJ-927-W) Instructions for Domestic Employer’s Report (Form NJ-927-H) Form NJ-W4 (Employee’s Withholding
Wage withholding is the money held back by an employer to pay as part of an employee's income tax. This is the employee's money, held in trust by the
Unless otherwise indicated, amounts listed in the tables indicate dollars and cents. Daily Louisiana Income Tax Withholding Table. Exemptions. 0. 1. 2. Detailed single year tables (PDF in 2020, and tax all earnings once Withholding tables · 900ME Payment 941ME Filing for income tax withholding · Schedule 2 2020 W-3ME Annual reconciliation of income tax withheld 22 Dec 2019 have more money taken out of their paychecks in tax withholding than they owe in taxes. For instance, taxpayers who qualify for the earned income tax credit or the Taking IRS claims to estimate a 2020 tax refund schedule this schedule and specifically says that similar tables can be misleading. Learn how to calculate withholding tax using the wage bracket or percentage method to You'll use the IRS income tax withholding tables to find each employee's The federal income tax has seven tax rates for 2020: 10 percent, 12 percent, 8 Oct 2019 bands changes are in bold. Tax Credits. Tax Credit. 2019 €. 2020 €. Single Person. 1,650. 1,650 Earned Income Tax Credit Max. 1,350. 1,500 Dividends Withholding Tax (DWT). The rate of DWT to the following table:.
For any employee who has completed a 2020 IRS Form W-4, the employer must calculate the required Colorado wage withholding using the 2020 Income Tax
Instruction Booklet and Tax Tables. Start using this booklet Jan. 1, 2020. Minnesota. Income Tax. Withholding. 2020. Need help with your taxes? We're ready to The total income tax required to be withheld on wages for the purposes of the withholding tables and schedules is calculated without regard to the marginal state T4032 Payroll Deductions Tables. Alberta. Alberta - Effective January 1, 2020 – New Federal Basic Personal Amount · Alberta - Effective January 1, 2020 Special tables for deduction and exemption allowances (for use with exact The 2020 New York State personal income tax rate schedules have been revised to
9 Dec 2019 The 2020 Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Certificate, is now available and is tool to see if you need to make adjustments to your current withholding. will be updated to account for the 2020 tax tables in early January.
28 Mar 2019 Idaho Child Tax Credit Allowance Table (ICTCAT). Refer to Idaho income tax applies to bonuses, commissions, overtime pay, payments for Effective for tax year 2019, the federal income tax deduction taxpayers may The withholding tax tables, withholding formula, MO W-4, Missouri Employer's Tax Withholding is a way of spreading out your tax burden over the course of the year . The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has redesigned the W-4 form for 2020, The exact amount of income tax due for a single or married individual should be table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. 7 Oct 2019 Payroll expert Alice Gilman, Esq. walks us step-by-step through the new W-4 their income tax withholding based on those W-4s and your pay period. since the final W-4 and the 2020 withholding tables probably won't be
in 2020, including an employee who previously worked for you and was rehired cludes the federal income tax withholding tables and in- structions on how to
1 Jan 2007 The revised Income Tax Withholding Tables Note that special withholding allowances provided on Federal Form W-4 may not be claimed on your West 2020. 102. 97. 92. 87. 82. 77. 72. 67. 62. 58. 53. 2020. 2120. 109. IRS Publication 15 also includes the 2019 wage bracket withholding tables and wages and are exempt from Federal Income Tax Withholding up to $1,600 per year. Recently the IRS has delayed those plans until 2020 in order to further The charts include federal withholding (income tax), FICA tax, Medicare tax and FUTA taxes. STANDARD Withholding Rate Schedules (Use these if the Form W- 4
in 2020, including an employee who previously worked for you and was rehired cludes the federal income tax withholding tables and in- structions on how to The employer determines the wages to be used in the withholding tables by adding to the $300 amount of wages paid the amount of $155.80 from Table 1 under 13 Jan 2020 Tax rates and brackets tend to change annually. And in 2020, withholding allowances are eliminated. Find out about 2020 income tax 26 Dec 2019 The publication includes five withholding worksheets and corresponding tables. The publication discusses how to calculate the amount of federal


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domain: design


Logan Welch – In their own words
Years in Webster City: 33
Occupation: Corporate Business Development Manager for Ramco Innovations
Previous offices: Civil Service Commission
Why are you running for City Council?
I am running to ensure the right questions are asked, more investigation is done, and community input is taken before decisions are made. The people of Webster City are who the council works for. The Council should proactively seek feedback and input on a regular basis from the community. I also want to see the Council start treating small business with far more respect. In addition to these changes, the Council needs to become more diverse in their make-up. I feel I am a great fit for the council in the fact that I am a young professional who is dedicated to our community and my family. My mission is to represent you to my fullest abilities, to keep a constant line of communication open between us and always take time to hear your feedback and input.
What qualifications do you bring to the job?
I sit on the Civil Services Commission for Webster City. I am the chairman of the Ramco Product Evaluation Committee, and I sit on the Association of High Tech Distributors Membership Committee. I have 33 years of Webster City experiences and heritage I bring with me to the council. I am a coach and volunteer within the community and seek out opportunities to serve.
I am the Corporate Business Development Manager for my employer. My role is to bring awareness of services and products to our clients, grow sales, and be a promotional representative at events and networking opportunities. My career experience translates well to city government. I will bring awareness of Webster City to potential employers and employees, grow our community’s offerings, and represent our town on a professional level.
What is Webster City’s greatest asset?
There are great businesses and historical charm within our community but without a doubt our greatest asset is our people. Whether it is having a ten minute conversation at the coffee shop with a friend or waving to a jogger while walking my dog, the people of this community are kind, warm, and welcoming. During my campaign I have had the honor of listening to people reminisce why they love Webster City and what they believe needs to change to better our town. This has been my favorite part of the campaign process. I am blessed to belong to such a great community. The people of Webster City are why my fiance and I want to be a part of this community forever. I strive to give back by representing and protecting their interests to my fullest on the City Council.
What are the top three challenges facing the community in the next few years? How would you address them?
Utility Rates: I intend on investigating rates of other communities and rates offered by other providers. This information needs to be brought to the bargaining table with our current supplier. One thing I would not negotiate on is out-sourcing our line department.
Shrinking population/lack of employment: Webster City needs to think five to ten years down the road at all times. I believe our population will continue to decline if we do not grow our amenities and job base. We need to retain our current citizens and constantly be attracting new members of our community.
Small business loss: It is always a sad day when our favorite restaurant or service provider close their doors. These are our neighbors, friends, and fellow community members. City Council needs to re-evaluate policy that makes operating a small business in Webster City difficult. City government needs to support and protect small business.
What should the City’s role be in economic development?
The City should focus their efforts on making Webster City as appealing to employers as possible. They should also focus on making the town and community appealing to employees. Employers will not come if there is not a strong potential employee base. I feel the Counsel has spent too much time and money “whale hunting”. They have unsuccessfully tried to bring large employers into the community and have spent a lot of our money doing so. I believe that we need to diversify the types of jobs we are trying to attract as well as look into attracting new residents to our town by growing our amenities as a community.
What would you do to keep utility rates in line?
Webster City cannot be the only community facing this issue. We need to reach out to similar towns dealing with the same challenges and compare notes. We can learn from other’s successes and mistakes so that we can find a solution as soon as possible. We should also partner with other communities to demand lower rates from the supplier as a group. Webster City is not on an island; let’s connect with our neighboring communities and work together. Webster City has a top notch Line Department that we need to make sure we protect while working on a better rate. I do not support outsourcing the Line Department’s duties.
If elected, what is the first thing you would like to get done and how would you accomplish this?
I am a firm believer in transparent government and the first thing I would do is require the City Manager to explain not only the option he recommends on an issue but at least two other alternative options he has deeply investigated to the Council. I do not feel as though the Council is given multiple options or that the people are always given the full story and this must to stop. The City Manager is there to fulfill the tasks asked of him/her by the council and the council is there to represent the people. The City Manager and the council do not need to spoon feed us information on a need-to-know basis.
How important is collaboration and compromise for a city council member?
Collaboration and compromise is important as a Council member, so is representation of the wants and needs of the people and being able to understand someone else’s position on an issue. I believe a council member should do their homework, talk to the people, and come prepared to defend their stance on an issue. They should also be willing to allow the opposition to have their stance be heard. After weighing out the pros and cons they should vote based on their beliefs and what is best for the people of Webster City. The council should disagree on issues when needed and open the floor to discussion. Opposition and discussions are healthy for growth and new ideas.
Give us your vision for the future of Webster City.
I believe Webster City’s future can go one of two directions. If we as a community elect diverse and unsolicited council members then the entire community will be properly represented. The people of Webster City will have a true voice in their future. I see the community coming together with positive momentum and giving back to Webster City. If we allow certain candidates that are working with current council members to get elected and stack the deck then our community will stay on its current course. Most of the people I have visited with during my campaign are unhappy with this course and want change. I am running to offer true change and true representation to the people. No group has asked me to run or aided my campaign. I look forward to an undivided community working together to give Webster City the future it deserves.


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Bailment concepts that are carried in hospitality operations are quite important as they affect the parties involved legally. It is imperative that the management of these facilities in conjunction with state laws put up certain systems and regulations which will ensure that both the bailor and the bailee will gain from the bailment relationship. This arrangement will prove beneficial to everyone as it will avoid endless involvement in courts. I would also prefer that the hotel and restaurant management be almost fully liable for loss or damage to property as long as negligence on the part of the management is noted. In the situation where the clients are negligent, then the client should be liable for the loss or damage for his or her own property. This should be the case in all state laws and not just some. This research paper exposes the ramifications and suggests the way in which the law and the management are meant to handle situations in relation to bailment concepts.
Bailment in Hospitality Law basically refers to the delivery of belongings, for some purpose, with the articulated understanding that the individual receiving the belongings will give them back in the same state they had been received, when the function has been concluded. There are instances when a hotel or café administrator may be entrusted with a guest’s possessions in situations not indicated directly under a state’s accountability statute. A good example is the following: assume, a client arrives at a resort and is invited by a doorman who takes the guest’s bags straight away and gives the guest a receipt before he or she checks in. Who is accountable for the baggage? In this case the client has not got a chance to study the posted legal responsibility statutes, and has not yet officially become a guest yet. Though, because the doorman has taken deliberate possession of the belongings, the hotel bears some liability for the security of the guest’s bags.
This responsibility has been put up by the courts by means of the application of a lawful notion known as a bailment. In the hospitality industry, bailment is ordinary. Examples of bailment include: blazer checks, laundry, valet parking and baggage delivery services. Restaurant and hotel administrators must appreciate that they are liable for the security of a guest’s belongings when a bailment is imposed.
A bailment relationship involves individual giving possessions to another person for safety. A café guest may put his blazer in a coatroom. The diner presumes that the restaurant will securely hold the coat until he returns for it. Though there may be a cost for the service, the restaurant assumes accountability for the security of the coat when it is accepted from the customer. In this circumstance, a bailment has been fashioned. Anyone who gives his or her belongings to another person is known as a bailor. The individual who takes accountability for the possessions after accepting them is known as the bailee.
A bailment could be for rent; explicitly, the bailor has to recompense the bailee to hold the belongings, for example valet parking. The bailee may recompense for the benefit of using the chattel, or the association may well take the outline of a gratuitous bailment which is one that does not require compensation.
Bailments are of three main types: bailments for the benefit of the bailor, bailments for the benefit of the bailee and bailments for the benefit of both people involved. In the bailment for the benefit of the bailor, only the bailor benefits from this arrangement. A suitable example when an air-conditioning repairman enquires if he can leave his gear in a hotel’s storage room overnight so as to avoid reloading onto and unloading off the truck. The gear will be used the subsequent day to complete a job covered by the air-conditioner’s warranty. The hotel that accepts the gear also accepts the accountability of a bailment affiliation, and so ought to implement a high level of care to ensure the security of the property. If the hotel is reluctant to do so, it can simply repudiate possession of the property (Goodwin, 1987).
In the second case, the bailee benefits from the arrangement. When the foodstuff and beverage executive of a local resort borrows dishes from the food and drink manager of the local country club so as to service an exceedingly huge wedding ceremony, the bailment is for the gain of the bailee only. It is vital to note that this bailment affiliation could be of a gratuitous nature, or the dishes might be hired to the country club. In each of the cases, the bailee who gains from the liaison is accountable for the security of the property as it is in his custody. In numerous cases, a bailment, for either recompense or gratuitous, is for the gain of both people involved. This would be the instance when a resort agrees to park its customers’ cars for them while they eat a dinner. The bailors gain the ease of having their vehicles parked for them, and bailees gain because of the augmentation in business that comes from provision of the parking space commodity. Though the rule of law varies in each of these three planning, as a manager you must recognize that guest’s assets, when in your custody, subjects you to the task of plausibly caring for that possessions. The easy way to regard your accountability is to presume that you should implement as much care for the possessions of a client as you would care for your belongings. If you cannot apply that degree of concern, it is best not to go into a bailment relationship.
A hospitality facility is responsible if a bailment relationship is put down. For instance, a lot of hotels and restaurants offer coat racks for their customers. Usually, a restaurant would not be answerable for any thievery or harm to a patron’s possessions on an unattended possession, because the facility did not legally take custody of the belongings. Thus, a bailment was by no means formed.
This notion also applies to objects within bailed property. For example, a hotel or resort that gives valet parking would be accountable for harm to a guest’s vehicle. When the customer gives the car keys to the valet, custody of the car is transferred from the customer to the management, and a bailment is fashioned. Nevertheless, the hotel would perhaps not be legally responsible for the loss of a costly camera that was left in the automobile. The hotel knowingly accepted possession only of the car. No bailment relationship was recognized for the camera left in the car. In cases where a bailment relationship is not present, and a hospitality process does not presume responsibility, managers ought to exercise a level of care over their customers’ belongings to evade the danger of a negligence complaint. A hospitality facility will be accountable for any loss or harm to a guest’s possessions. In most states, a hotel or restaurant’s accountability for harm will be inadequate if the company, bailee, can prove that it exercised the ordinary level of care compulsory required by the law.
A bailee can also decrease its accountability by establishing a set accountability limit in accord with the bailor, provided the constraint is not an infringement of law or civic policy. A restaurant may place a sign stating it will compensate customers for lost possessions up to a particular amount. Though some states may be acquainted with this type of notice as a practical accord between bailor and bailees to limit legal responsibility; other states do not identify the authority of such a notice. Thus, a hospitality boss should study his or her state law cautiously or confer with a legal representative before placing such a notice. A hotel may also be legally responsible for any bailed belongings of non-customers using its amenities, such as a hotel guest who has previously checked out or a person using a hotel’s cafeteria or conference room. On the other hand, the hotel’s legal responsibility for such possessions may be inadequate under the terms of the state’s accountability law.
In all situations, if the loss or harm to a guest’s belongings is the consequence of the hospitality operation’s own carelessness or scam, the hospitality operation will be legally responsible for the full sum of those belongings. By the same examination, if a customer’s own disregard contributes in some way to the loss of the possessions, the hospitality operation’s responsibility may be decreased or even eliminated in total. Traditionally, the common law held a hotel accountable for the loss of a client’s property if the possessions and the client were within the grounds of the hotel. This notion was identified as infra hospitium. Currently, many states decide liability for lost or stolen stuff by applying bailment and/or disregard theories (Barth, 2008).
Consider the case of Linda Beckinfeld. Linda operates a tailor store in the city. As an element of her trade, she makes the rounds of local restaurants and hotels, in search of modification and darning jobs. One day Linda takes a man’s posh suit from a guest staying at the Katz Hotel. The client had delivered the suit to the bell stand for pickup by the adjustment company. Unfortunately, in her hurry to conclude her assortment rounds, Linda leaves her van ajar, and the suit was pilfered from the van before she came back. In this instance, it is likely that the client would suppose the hotel management should replace the suit. The hotel may press charges against Linda if it can be shown that her dealings were neglectful. Since a bailment relationship was created between the man and the hotel management, an external agent acting as a bailee in place of the hotel may subject the hotel to accountability. Though the suit was outside the physical borders of the operation, the relationship between the hotel client and the bellman, and the successive bailment established between the bellman and Linda, served, in consequence, to broaden the confines of the hotel to include Linda’s van. Thus, the hotel could be responsible for the loss of the man’s suit (Jeffries, 1990).
The most difficult use of bailment and legal responsibility concerns the safekeeping of clients’ vehicles. Under common law watchmen were accountable for the security of their patron’s means of transportation. The use of vehicles presents a unique challenge as they generally surpass the liability amount of the state, yet cannot be positioned in a safe. In situations where a restaurant offers valet parking, the circumstance is clear. The client gives his key to the valet, implicating a bailment relationship, thereby introduction of a legal responsibility for the vehicle with the hotel. In circumstances where a hotel has an accord with an autonomous parking garage, the hotel may still be responsible for a client’s vehicle, since the garage could be named a representative of the hotel.
Bailees have important responsibilities when a bailment is fashioned, but so do the bailors. The bailee could ask for payment to cover any costs that may be connected with holding or caring for the possessions, such as bills for the services provided by a dry-cleaner and so on. The hotel may choose to hold back the vehicle from the client until expense is defrayed. In this circumstance, the vehicle would be a detained property. During the time the possession was being withheld, the operation, as the bailee, would have a duty to care for the detained belongings from harm with the same level of care it would usually use. The innkeeper’s lien is a notion that helps to protect watchmen from nonpaying clients. Fundamentally, it enables a hotel to hold certain belongings that clients may bring with them into the hotel if they decline or are unable to pay their check (Seaquist, 1993).
As it can be seen in the case of Linda Beckinfield, it was important for the state to put up perfect systems that would ensure that all the parties involved have been dealt with justly. I am of the opinion that the law should be more specific on the topic of bailment. When the bailor is responsible for loss or damage of possessions he should be able to pay back for any damage or loss caused to the belongings (Longchamps, 1999).
Insurance companies should be involved in these arrangements as they would cover any losses that may occur. All the states should put down laws which will cater for these situations that are ‘nobody’s fault’, so to speak. This will ensure the uproars and endless lawsuits. Bailment concepts are a very important of the hospitality sector and should be taken seriously.

domain: law


Work has been slow on the Jeep, I removed the oil pan to replace the RMS and pan gasket. I also found very worn out motor mounts. I got the tcase disassembled to inspect for worn hard parts, found a shift fork was worn past the pads and into the fork itself(shouldn't be a problem as I have an extra from my old tcase).
I removed the trans to replace what I believed to be the original clutch(purchased from original owner who said he never replaced it, 150k+ on the odo)
Looks like it may have been replaced, it is stamped Sachs and IIRC LUK made the factory clutches for 99MY TJ's, either way the TOB was on its way out and everything will be replaced
Evidence of RMS leak
So I have ordered: 1'' Brown Dog mounts, rubber Luk gold clutch kit RMS New oil pan Oil pan gaskets Tcase rebuild kit from AA


text:
Know your patient: psychological drivers of decision making
Israel Journal of Health Policy Research volume 1, Article number: 37 (2012)
This is a commentary on “Attitudes of legal guardians of ventilated ICU patients toward the process of decision making associated with invasive nonlife-saving procedures” by Michael Kuniavsky, Freda DeKeyser Ganz, David M Linton, and Sigal Sviri. Kuniavsky and colleagues report that decision-making for the seriously ill is difficult for the patients’ legal guardians, many of whom would be comfortable with doctors making the decisions. This commentary offers that accurate predictions about treatment choices may be derived by using assessments that characterize the key drivers of individual’s decision making, thus relieving some of decision makers' burdens. This approach could also usher in an era of assessing quality of care for the seriously ill by whether the care matches patient goals.
Kuniavsky and colleagues have established from yet one more perspective that decision making for seriously ill patients is difficult in many ways. This study profiles two especially hard aspects: gathering clear and useable information, and optimally sharing the decision-making process; and it additionally profiles the difficult situation of legal guardians (LGs), many of whom are next of kin . Most guardians are, by virtue of the situation and their role, emotionally overwhelmed and likely to be in a partially psychologically refractory state as a result . Most are, by the nature of the population, being pressed to function in a decision-making area well beyond their expertise. This study establishes that many LGs would be comfortable having the decision made without their LG role, confirming other commentators’ view that some situations favor emphasis of a more paternalistic than autonomy-driven model of decision making .
A solution is available that has been relatively little discussed and studied but has strong potential. It seems that most people’s decision-making drivers can be identified by asking them about scenario-based treatment goals. Using one such scenario-based worksheet, in which components of the decisions are arrayed in three domains-prognosis, disability, and treatment burden – over 70% of people displayed a clear threshold at which their goals shifted from interventionist-oriented to comfort-oriented . We have described the possibility of routinely identifying a person’s deep psychological decision-making drivers in the three domains, even characterizing them in a triple code, so that clinicians and family members alike can base decisions in situations of patient decisional-incapacity on these reliable features . For instance, using Likert Scales of 5 units with 5 being most interventionist, a person inclined to save life of any state at all cost might have a threshold of ‘Prognosis 5, Disability 5, Burden 5’ which might be succinctly reported as: P5-D5-B5. By contrast, a person inclined to emphasize quality of life over longevity might have a characterization of P1-D1-B1. Or a person with a characterization of P1-D2-B5 would be someone inclined to try hard if the prognosis were good and if the likely disability were modest but otherwise to emphasize comfort. It is known that goals of care selected by patients predict specific treatment choices well . The studies must still be done, but it is highly likely that characterization of the underlying drivers of individuals’ decisions would predict specific treatment choices even better.
If patients had the fundamental drivers of their decisions characterized in this kind of fashion and if the characterization was available to the team, decision making would be much better. A clinician team and LG working together would know that the first patient in the above example would want all relevant life supports, while the second would want only comfort care interventions, and the third would want invasive interventions only if the prognosis were good and the chance of disability low. Such characterizations could be arrived at in routine surveys that can take 10–15 minutes  and can be done on the patient’s own time , including on mobile devices that can be electronically shared with the health care facility , and then routinely included or updated as part of a patient’s intake assessment so that virtually all patients would have such a characterization as part of getting to know them.
The notion is that deep drivers of decision making can be characterized and probably provide the most accurate and feasible rendition of substituted judgment for the patient. It also provides a way of making efficient and less emotionally burdensome decisions. It is compatible with the LG having something to rely on in times of emotional overload and allows a bridging of the paternalistic and autonomy-driven models of decision making.
Such an approach has another advantage of great policy significance. If each person were efficiently and accurately characterized, the match between their goals and services provided could be readily assessed. As such, these efficiently assessed goodness-of-match outcomes could also define what the optimal use of resource expenditure near the end of life is. That is, the decisions whether costly and burdensome or comfort oriented, could be judged by whether they are patient-goals warranted. Goal-warranted measures would become a routine area in public health and health services research. Perhaps Israel will be the first country to pioneer such a model in which costs, whether high or low, are warranted by the fact that they honor the patient’s preferences.
Linda L. Emanuel, MD, PhD, is the Buehler Professor of Geriatric Medicine and director of the Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. She is the principal and co-founder of the Education and implementation of Palliative and End-of-life Care (EPEC) Program and of the Patient Safety Education Program (PSEP) Program.
Kuniavsky M, DeKeyser Ganz F, Linton DM, Sviri S: Attitudes of legal guardians of ventilated ICU patients toward the process of decision making associated with invasive non life-saving procedures. Isr J Health Policy Res. 1: X.
Knight SJ, Emanuel L: Processes of adjustment to end-of-life losses: a reintegration model. J Palliat Med. 2007, 10 (5): 1190-1198. 10.1089/jpm.2006.0068.
Rodriguez-Osorio CA, Dominguez-Cherit G: Medical decision making: paternalism versus patient-centered (autonomous) care. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2008, 14 (6): 708-713. 10.1097/MCC.0b013e328315a611.
Scandrett KG, Cordeiro K, Ong M, Emanuel LL: Individual thresholds for life-prolonging interventions can be identified using scenarios. Poster presented at the 34th annual meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. April 28, 2011, Washington, DC, Full paper in preparation
Emanuel LL, Scandrett KG: Decisions at the end of life: have we come of age?. BMC Med. 2010, 8: 57-10.1186/1741-7015-8-57.
Fischer GS, Alpert HR, Stoeckle JD, Emanuel LL: Can goals of care be used to predict intervention preferences in an advance directive?. Arch Intern Med. 1997, 157 (7): 801-807. 10.1001/archinte.1997.00440280141014.
Emanuel LL, Barry MJ, Stoeckle JD, Ettelson LM, Emanuel EJ: Advanced directives for medical care–a case for greater use. N Engl J Med. 1991, 324 (13): 889-895. 10.1056/NEJM199103283241305.
Emanuel L: Advance directives: what have we learned so far?. J Clin Ethics. 1993, 4 (1): 8-16.
Chang CH, Boni-Saenz AA, Durazo-Arvizu RA, DesHarnais S, Lau DT, Emanuel LL: A system for interactive assessment and management in palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2007, 33 (6): 745-755. 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.09.018. Epub 2007 Mar 23
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Emanuel, L. Know your patient: psychological drivers of decision making. Isr J Health Policy Res 1, 37 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-4015-1-37

domain: medical


text:
Notandas Gems Pvt. Ltd to showcase ‘Jewels by Queenie’
Mumbai-based Notandas Jewellers has roped in celebrated jewellery designer and socialite Queenie Dhody to sell her labels at its outlets.
October 01, 2009 | comments ( 0 ) |
Mumbai-based Notandas Jewellers has roped in celebrated jewellery designer and socialite Queenie Dhody to sell her labels at its outlets. The collection sold under the brand name – JBQ or “Jewels by Queenie” will be launched on October 6th in Delhi at Notandas Gems Pvt. Ltd. Dhody will showcase her collection which will exclusively be in Diamonds, Rubies and other precious stones, a representative of Notandas Gems Pvt. Ltd told Jasmeet Sahi of Franchise India Holdings Ltd. The collection is not priced very high as the middle-level income customer should also be able to afford this designer jewellery. The branded jewellery market in India is said to be around Rs 5,000 crore to Rs 6,000 crore and is estimated to be growing by 10-15 per cent at every year.
- V-Mart eyes tier 3 & 4 cities for expansion
- 7-Eleven eyes entering India with Future Group
- Bharti Airtel opens its 100th Next-Gen store
- WoodenStreet plans to launch 15 stores by 2019-end
- Skechers acquires Future Group's 49% stake in joint venture
- Bata reports 16% growth in net sales at Rs 7,787 mn
- Spin introduces its 1st experience store in Delhi
- Skechers India to become wholly-owned subsidiary of Skechers Footwear
- bigbasket expands its offerings to include beauty products
- Health & Glow launches its 150th store in India

domain: economics


text: 'The Little Book of Sham' is the result of hours spent staring into space, wondering - not just, 'Why are we here?' - but also - "How?" and 'Have I left the oven on?' More urgent than "The Power of Now", funnier than "The Tibetan Book of the Dead" and packed with more secrets than "The Secret". Read it and weep-tears of laughter.

domain: literature


text:
The video game industry is the industry that connects with the development, marketing, and monetization of video games.
Background[change | change source]
Modern personal computers have many innovations: sound cards, graphics cards, 3D graphic accelerators, faster CPUs, and dedicated co-processors like PhysX are a few of the more notable improvements. Sound cards, for example, were originally developed for the addition of digital-quality sound to games, and only later were they improved for the music industry. Graphics cards were developed to provide more screen colors, and later on to support graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and games.
Industry overview[change | change source]
Size[change | change source]
In 2017 in the United States the Entertainment Software Association estimated that there were over 2,300 development companies and over 525 publishing companies. These companies in total have nearly 66,000 direct workers.
Roles[change | change source]
Ben Sawyer of Digitalmill names six layers of the industry:
- Capital and publishing.
- Product and talent layer.
- Production and tools layer.
- Distribution layer.
- Hardware (or Virtual Machine or Software Platform) layer.
- End-users layer.
Some of the disciplines are game programmer, game designer, level designer, game producer, game artist, and game tester. Most of these professionals are employed by video game developers or video game publishers. However, many hobbyists also produce computer games and sell them commercially.
Value chain[change | change source]
Traditionally, the video game industry has had six layers in its value chain.
- Game development with its programmers, designers , and artists.
- Publishing, which includes the source of funding for the development of a video game and providing the marketing and advertising for a game.
- Customers and consumers, the purchasers and players of video games
- Hardware/platform manufacturers.
International practices[change | change source]
The video game industry started in the United States. With the personal computer, Western Europe also became a big center for video game development. Companies in North American, Europe, and Japan. are leading in this industry. Other regions, such as Australia/New Zealand, and other southeast Asian countries, for example China and South Korea, are also important.
Largest markets[change | change source]
|Rank||Country||Revenue (million US$)|
Events[change | change source]
Conventions[change | change source]
Gaming conventions are very important in the industry. It helps publishers to demonstrate their games. It also helps game players to give their feedback. Some publishers, developers and technology producers have their own regular conventions, for example BlizzCon, QuakeCon, Nvision and the X shows.
Trade shows[change | change source]
The largest trade show is the E3 in Los Angeles, California, It is held by the Entertainment Software Association. Other similar trade shows are Tokyo Game Show (Japan), Brassil Game Show (Brazil), EB Games Expo (Australia), KRI (Russia), China Joy (China) and the Game Developers Conference.
Conferences[change | change source]
Two of the major professional conferences are: the Game Developers Conference (GDC).
Media[change | change source]
The attention to the video game industry started off with several magazines covering this topic.
Social media influencers and video game players who create online videos or stream themselves playing games are also playing an important role in showing consumer point of view.
The video game industry has a number of annual award ceremonies, associated with the conventions, trade shows and conferences, as well as standalone award shows. Many of the dedicated video game journalism websites also have their own set of awards. Most commonly, these ceremonies are capped by the top prize, the "Game of the Year".
References[change | change source]
- Siwek, Stephen E. (2017). Video Games in the 21st Century (PDF) (Report). Entertainment Software Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 3, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
- Flew, Terry; Humphreys, Sal (2005). "Games: Technology, Industry, Culture". New Media: an Introduction (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 101–114. ISBN 0-19-555149-4.
- Scacchi, Walt (2010). "Computer game mods, modders, modding and the mod scene". First Monday. University of Chicago. 15 (5). doi:10.5210/fm.v15i5.2965. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018.
- Kelly, Stephen; Klézl, Vojtech; Israilidis, John; Malone, Neil; Butler, Stuart (2020). "Digital Supply Chain Management in the Videogames Industry: A Systematic Literature Review". The Computer Games Journal. 10 (1–4): 19–40. doi:10.1007/s40869-020-00118-0.
- "Top Countries & Markets by Game Revenues". Newzoo. Retrieved 2 October 2021.

domain: game


A new dawn in Nigeria’s power generation landscape requires renewable energy development. Episodic power supply, and too frequent outages characterizes the centralized power grid in Nigeria, thus frustrating efforts towards economic development. The current situation of electricity generation calls for a diversified energy mix with an increasing share of renewable based electricity generation for sustainable development. Biomass is promising as flexible, able to ramp, cost efficient, and reliable for baseload renewable electricity generation without intermittency, and possibility for integration without any additional backup. The study focus is on maize crop residue-based biomass-fired power plants for energy development using data from the wet season agricultural performance survey. Land use productivity in the cultivation of crops providing biomass residue feedstock is key to growth and has a priority spot in the policy discourse among stakeholders in Nigeria. Moreover, facility siting as in the case with power plant is a vital part of planning, impacting on profitability and viability of ventures. We employ a policy-driven, multi sectoral-focused approach in solving spatial multi state power generation planning problem. The study conducts suitability analysis and solves location-allocation optimization for siting decision. Results reveal suitable states for biomass-fired baseload generation using maize residue as feedstock. Findings suggest an actionable pathway to chart biomass-fired baseload power generation siting plans in Nigeria. Harnessing crop residue as feedstock in biomass-fired electricity generation subscribes to the concept of circular economy as an alternative to traditional linear economy. Circular economy pushes for a shift to renewable energy and materials, seeks to extract the maximum value from crop output, and deploys biomass power generation technology. Such electricity generation improvements will enhance competitiveness of the entire commercial and industrial sectors in Nigeria thereby enabling the unleashing of productivity across the board through a reduction in structural impediments to Nigeria’s industrialization. Core implication of the research approach through productivity index is the opportunity for government regulatory operations through productivity improvements in enhancing energy infrastructure permitting.


text:
The Government is looking for more people to join its testing teams as the number of covid-19 cases continues to increase in the island, reaching 250 yesterday with more than 2,300 direct contacts.
60 new cases were identified between Tuesday and last night, half of whom were people seeking help after feeling unwell.
20 others had been identified through contact tracing, with the remainder coming through inbound travel, workforce screening, and cohort screening.
According to the latest statistics for schools, there were seven confirmed cases reported in schools yesterday. This included a pupil at Jersey College for Girls, five at Victoria College and a member of staff at St. Lawrence Primary School.
Meanwhile, there are currently 2,353 direct contacts in the island.
The number of direct contacts has been proving difficult for businesses, who have been losing staff as a result. El Tico was among those to bemoan the current situation.
On social media, it warned that it was unable to operate at normal capacity and having to accept fewer customers as a result, adding: "The current situation is desperately frustrating. Once Government of Jersey sorts out a consistent, pragmatic and understandable policy regarding age and isolation requirements, we are hopeful that normal service will resume.
"Otherwise, brace yourself for a summer of total chaos (and hopefully some sunshine)."
As cases continue to rise in the island, the Government is seeking ‘Test, Trace, Protect and Isolate Support Workers’ for an immediate start and until the end of September.
The description for the job, which pays £14.26 per hour, reads: "We are looking for customer service orientated individuals with great communication skills, who are able to work in multi-faceted customer facing roles.
"Within these roles there is the requirement to be customer facing and wear PPE, so you should be comfortable in doing this.
"You will need to be able to commit to working 37 hours / week minimum on a shift basis, potentially between 06:00 and 23:00, including weekends."
The Government is also seeking to recruit within its Covid Safe Team, which is responsible for checking on islanders who have tested positive and their contacts, as well as visiting businesses to provide advice and guidance on ‘Covid-safe’ guidelines.
According to the job description, "the Covid Safe Team operates 7 days a week from 08:00 to 20:00, so you will need to be prepared to work across these operational hours, on an agreed shift pattern."
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domain: news


text:
R190.00 – R380.00
Slow braised lamb (served on the bone) in a mild tomato curry and yoghurt sauce.
Heating instructions: Preheat oven to 180°C. Cover with foil and bake for 15-20 min till well heated. Alternatively this can also be heated in the microwave or stovetop.
Feeds 2, Feeds 4

domain: food


|Publication number||US4845995 A|
|Application number||US 07/219,017|
|Publication date||Jul 11, 1989|
|Filing date||Jul 14, 1988|
|Priority date||Jul 14, 1988|
|Publication number||07219017, 219017, US 4845995 A, US 4845995A, US-A-4845995, US4845995 A, US4845995A|
|Inventors||Robert P. Kaste, Robert E. Tompkins|
|Original Assignee||The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (18), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, or licensed by and for the United States Government for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.
1. Technical Field
The invention described herein relates generally to material testing devices, and, in particular, to a material testing device which provides very high rates of axial and radial loadings simultaneously on a specimen being tested.
2. Background Art
The mechanical properties of a material specimen may vary under various combinations of axial and radial loads in tension, compression, and/or shear, depending on the particular type and combination of loads and the rate at which these loads are applied to the material specimen.
The rate of applied loads is usually dealt with by designers on a relatively simplistic basis. It is known that dynamics of loadings affects the stress in a given item and various techniques exist for approximating corrective factors in stress calculations for these differences. For example, the well known Barth equation σα=σ1200/(1200+v), where σα is the design stress of a gear tooth at a pitch velocity v and σ is a safe static stress for that tooth, is based on an English rule published in 1869. Likewise, the equation for the shock factor b, b=(1+(1+h/y)Λ(0.5)), where h is the height to produce a given velocity of impact and y is the formation produced by a static load of equal magnitude, shows that for an impact, h=0, a factor of 2 is determined to be multiplied to the static load.
These calculations do not include any correction for the response of a given material to dynamic loading. This is partially due to the insensitivity of most material properties to relatively small changes in rates of loading. However, at a very high rate of loading such as that experienced in the field of ballistics a material's response to loading can be quite different from loads of the same magnitude applied at a lower rate or applied for a different duration. Nylon, used in rotating bands for various artillery shells should not work according to the material properties provided by the handbooks, which has data based on static loading. That these bands do work indicates that nylon must behave differently at the high rates of loading in the ballistic application, at least for the duration to which they are subjected to these loads. The properties of nylon have not been documented at these rates of loading.
Also, it is well known that combinations of loads create a so called effective stress which can be quite different from any of the individual applied stresses. Various theories are available to estimate this effective stress for cases with combined loading. Most are conservative which leads to inefficient designing.
Maximum normal stress theory states states that failure occurs when the largest principal stress equals the yield strength, σ=-sy.
Maximum shear stress is used for ductile material only and states that yielding occurs in shear loading at a magnitude of half the yield stress in tension.
The Von Mises-Hincky theory evolved from observation that when ductile materials were stress hydrostatically their yield strengths were much higher than their yield strengths in simple tension tests. The theory states that the Von-Mises stress σ is related in a quadradic manner to the principal stresses σ1, σ2, σ=(σ1 2 -σ1 σ2 +σ2 2)Λ(0.5).
The ability to characterize material properties for specific combinations of loads at ballistic rates of loading would greatly enhance the designer's ability to generate effective and efficient designs.
There are many material testing devices known to the art. However, none of the known devices for hydrostatically loading test samples provide rates of loading which are required for dynamic characterization. Also, none of the known high rate axial loading devices provide the biaxial and hydrodynamic information required for a complete material characterization.
Therefore, it is a primary object of the invention to provide a material tester which allows for characterization of material properties under combined biaxial loading at high rates of loading.
It is another object of the invention to provide a material tester which allows for material characterization under hydrodynamic loading including high rates of loading such as found in ballistic applications.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a material tester which allows for material and design test under various biaxial and hydrodynamic loadings at high rates of loading.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a material tester having various interchangeable fittings to allow the tester to simultaneously subject a test specimen to (1) radial compression and axial tension, or (2) radial compression and axial compression, or (3) radial compression and axial shearing stress.
In the invention described herein, a pressure source of controllable magnitude either is created using a propellant charge or is introduced from an external source. This pressure source is released by a burst disk to pressurize a liquid-filled test chamber through one or more connecting orifices which control the rate of pressurization of the liquid. The pressurized liquid creates a radial load on a test sample disposed in the test chamber and forces a piston outward from the test chamber which creates an axial load on the sample. The magnitude of the pressurization and the size of the piston control the axial load on the sample. Both axial and radial loading rates are controlled by the rate of pressurization of the liquid. Various configurations of the connection of the sample to the piston and the body of the device control the direction of the loading on the sample.
The invention will be better understood, and further objects, features, and advantages thereof will become more apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional side view of the preferred embodiment of the invention, taken along the axis A--A', including a test specimen and fittings for simultaneously subjecting the specimen to radial compression and axial tension;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a test specimen and fittings for use in the embodiment of FIG. 1 to a simultaneously subject the specimen to radial and axial compression;
FIG. 3 is an end view of the test specimen and fittings of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross section view of part of the embodiment of FIG. 1, showing a test sample and fittings for simultaneously subjecting the specimen to radial compression and axial shearing stress; and
FIG. 5 is a cross section view of part of the embodiment of FIG. 1, showing another test sample and fittings for simultaneously subjecting the specimen to radial compression and axial shearing stress.
The material tester 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a cylindrical body 12 having a center axis A--A'. The body 12 is axially bored and threaded, and various plugs and retainers are secured therein to form a pressure supply chamber 14 and a test chamber 16 capable of testing specimens of various shapes and configurations up to three inches in diameter and ten inches long.
The outer end of the pressure supply chamber 14 is closed by a plug 18 which is positioned and secured to the body 12 by a first threaded retainer 20. The inner end of the pressure supply chamber 14 is closed by a second threaded retainer 22 which also closes the inner end of the test chamber 16. The outer end of the test chamber 16 is closed by a cylinder block 24 which is positioned and secured to the body 12 by a third threaded retainer 26.
The cylinder block 24 includes an axial cylindrical recess 28 having an inner end opening into the test chamber 16 and an outer end which to connected to a low reference pressure (generally ambient air pressure) via a port 30. A piston 32 is slidably disposed within the recess 28 for translation along the axis A--A' in response to the difference between the test chamber pressure and the reference pressure.
Various annular inserts, such as insert 34, may be inserted within the test chamber 16 to reduce the test chamber volume for tests using a small test specimen, thereby keeping the system's response time to a minimum.
During operation of the material tester 10, very high pressure (200 kpsi or more) can be generated in the pressure supply chamber 14. Therefore, the body 12 and the various inserts, plugs, blocks, and retainers 18-34 defining the pressure supply chamber 14 and the test chamber 16 are formed of high strength materials, e.g., high strength steel, of sufficient thickness to withstand this very high pressure.
The second retainer 22 also secures, within the pressure supply chamber 14, a commercially-obtainable shear disc 36 which divides the pressure supply chamber into an outer sub-chamber 38 and an inner sub-chamber 40. This shear disc 36 is designed to shear or fracture when the pressure within the outer sub-chamber 38 exceeds the pressure within the inner sub-chamber 40 by a predetermined value. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the shear disc 36 is formed of stainless steel which can be stored for long periods of time under adverse conditions without change in its rated shear pressure. However, the shear disc 36 may be formed of other frangible materials commonly used for this purpose.
The second retainer 22 includes a plurality of orifices 42 which are disposed uniformly about the axis A--A' and which connect the inner sub-chamber 40 with the test chamber 16. The inner sub-chamber 40 is gas-filled (generally, air) whereas the test chamber 16 is filled with a liquid, such as water. For this reason, if the material tester 10 is disposed with the axis A--A' horizontal, the orifices 42 are filled with a low shear strength substance, such as silicone grease, to prevent leakage of liquid from the test chamber 16 through the orifices 42 prior to testing. This orifice sealing procedure may not be necessary when the material tester 10 is disposed so that the axis A--A' is vertical and the pressure supply chamber 14 is above the test chamber 16.
The outer sub-chamber 38 of the pressure supply chamber 14 contains a solid or liquid propellant explosive charge 44 centrally disposed on the plug 18 which is ignited by an ignitor 46 affixed within a center bore of the plug 18. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a small grain size solid propellant, such as Army propellant M-10, is used as the explosive charge 44 in order to achieve a very rapid rise time of pressure within the outer sub-chamber 38 (5 msec or less).
The predetermined pressure at which the shear disc 36 shatters must be substantially higher than the pressure desired to be applied to a test specimen within the test chamber 16 to allow for head loss due to frictional losses in the orifices 42 and damping of the liquid in the test chamber 16. For example, in order to apply a load of 110 kpsi with a rise of 5 msec or less to a test specimen within the test chamber 16, it may be necessary to use a shear disc 36 which is rated to rupture at 200 kpsi.
The body 12 includes a plurality of ports 48 extending from the outside into the pressure supply chamber 14 and ports 50 extending from the outside into the test chamber 16; the cylinder block 24 also includes a plurality of ports 52 extending from the outside into the test chamber 16. Pressure relief devices, or temperature or pressure transducers, such as the Kistler model 607C pressure transducer, may be mounted in some of these ports 48, 50, 52. Some of the test chamber ports 50, 52 may be used for cable outlets from strain or displacement transducers mounted on the test specimen, or for filling the test chamber 16 with minimum ullage.
Interchangeable specimen holding devices are used in the material tester 10 to permit various size and shape specimens of material to be mounted in the test chamber 16 for axial tension, compression or shear loading tests. FIG. 1 shows a specimen 54 arranged for an axial tension loading test. The specimen 54 is centrally disposed within the test chamber 16 and affixed to the second retainer 22 and the piston 32 by respective inner and outer specimen mounting rods 56, 58 to extend along the axis A--A' therebetween. The inner rod 56 has one end which is threadedly engaged with the second retainer 22 within a threaded axial bore of the second retainer 22, and an opposite end which is threadedly engaged with the test specimen 54 within a threaded axial bore at the inner end of the specimen 54. Similarly, the outer rod 58 has one end which is threadedly engaged with the piston 32 within a threaded axial bore of the piston 32, and an opposite end which is threadedly engaged with the test specimen 54 within a threaded axial bore at the outer end of the specimen 54.
A test on the specimen 54 is initiated by the ignition of the explosive charge 44 by the ignitor 46, which produces a rapid increase of pressure in the outer subchamber 38 of the pressure supply chamber 14. At a predetermined pressure, the shear disc 36 bursts, causing a very abrupt increase in pressure in the outer sub-chamber 40 and pressurizing the liquid in the test chamber 16 via the orifices 42. The rate of pressurization of the liquid within the test chamber 16 is controlled by the orifices 42.
The pressurized liquid in the test chamber 16 exerts a force on the piston 32 to move the piston outward from the test chamber 16 along the axis A--A' within the cylindrical recess 28. The piston 32 pulls on the outer rod 58, transmitting an axial tensile load to the specimen 54 via the inner rod 56 which is anchored to the body 12 by the retainer 22. At the same time, the pressurized liquid within the test chamber 16 transmits a radial compressive load to the specimen 54.
To test a material under various loads and rates at which these loads are applied, different explosive charges 44, and/or different size and shape specimens of the material, together with different size or shape tester components, such as shear disc 36, second retainer 22, cylinder block 24 and piston 32 assembly, and insert 34, may be used.
The maximum pressure within the test chamber 16 depends directly on the explosive charge 44. Thus, by increasing the explosive charge 44, the maximum pressure within the test chamber 16 is increased.
The rate at which the pressure within the test chamber 16 increases depends directly on the pressure at which the shear disc 36 ruptures and the head loss through the orifices 42. Thus, by using a shear disc having a higher shear pressure rating and/or using a second retainer 22 having larger diameter orifices or having a larger number of orifices 42, the rate at which the test chamber 16 is pressurized is increased.
Also, the system response time, i.e., the rate of rise of pressure within the test chamber 16, msy be reduced somewhat by using a different insert 34 to reduce the volume of the test chamber 16.
The axial tensile load and the rate at which it is applied to the specimen 54 depends directly on the cross section area of the piston 32 and indirectly on the cross section area of the specimen 54. Thus, the tensile load and the rate at which it is applied to the specimen 54 can be increased by using a specimen of reduced cross section area and/or using a cylinder block and piston assembly having a piston 32 of increased cross section area.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show a material specimen 60 and specimen mounting assembly 62 which can be used in place of the specimen 54 and specimen mounting rods 56, 58 when it is desired to test a material by simultaneously applying axial and radial compressive loads to the material specimen. The specimen mounting assembly includes a rod 64 having an end collar 66 affixed to or integral with one end of the rod 64 and having an opposite threaded end portion 68 which is inserted through the hollow cylindrical test specimen 60 and a circular collar 70, both of which have a larger internal diameter than the rod 64. The threaded end portion 68 is then screwed into the axial threaded bore of the second retainer 22 to affix the rod 64 to the body 12 via the second retainer 22.
The specimen mounting assembly also includes a mounting member 74 which replaces the outer rod 58 of FIG. 1. The mounting member 74 has a threaded end portion 76 which is threadedly engaged with the piston 32 within the threaded axial bore of the piston 32. The mounting member 74 has a circular inner flange 78 and an end flange 80 which is affixed to and spaced from the inner flange 78 by two side members 82, 84 which are spaced apart and are of sufficient length so that the rod 64 carrying the specimen 60 and the collar 70 can be inserted between the inner and end flanges 78, 80 of the mounting member 74. The end flange 80 has a radially extending slot 86 of sufficient width and depth to allow the threaded portion 68 of the rod 64 to be inserted therein so that the rod 64 is coaxial with the mounting member 74.
When the specimen 60 and specimen mounting assembly 62 is used in the material tester 10, the force exerted on the piston 32 by the pressurized liquid within the test chamber 16 causes the piston 32 to pull on the mounting member 74, transmitting an axial compressive load through the collar 70 to the specimen 60, which is prevented from moving by the end collar 66 of the rod 64 affixed to the body 12. At the same time, the pressurized liquid within the test chamber 16 transmits a radial compressive load to the specimen 60.
FIG. 4 shows a cylindrical material specimen 88 and specimen mounting assembly 90 which can be used in place of the specimen 54 and specimen mounting rods 56, 58 when it is desired to test a material by simultaneously applying a radial compressive load and an axial shear load to the material specimen. The specimen mounting assembly 90 includes: (1) an axial-extending rod 92 having one end 89 which is threadedly engaged with the piston 32 and having an opposite end 91 which is threadedly engaged with the specimen 88; and (2) a disc-shaped support member 94 having a threaded periphery 93 which is threadedly engaged with the body 12 to hold the specimen 88 tightly against the second retainer 22, a center bore 95 through which the rod 92 freely extends, and a plurality of openings 96 to allow the rapid pressurization of liquid adjacent the piston 32.
During operation of the material tester 10, the force exerted on the piston 32 by the pressurized liquid within test chamber 16 causes the piston 32 to pull on the rod 92, which in turn applies an axial shear load to the specimen 88, which is prevented from moving by the support member 94. At the same time, the pressurized liquid within the test chamber 16 transmits a radial compressive load to the specimen 88.
FIG. 5 shows a material specimen 100 and alternate specimen mounting arrangement 102 which can be used in the material tester 10 when it is desired to test a material by simultaneously applying a radial compressive load and an axial shear load to the material specimen. In this arrangement, the cylinder block 24 of FIG. 1 is replaced by a cylinder block 104 and an adapter plug 106 disposed between the cylinder block 104 and the third threaded retainer 26. The cylinder block 104 has a threaded periphery which is engaged with the threaded portion of the test chamber side wall, to thus minimize the test chamber volume. The cylinder block 104 includes an axial cylindrical bore 108 opening into the test chamber 16 and connected to an ambient or low pressure reference by an axial port 110 extending through the adapter plug 106. In addition, the cylinder block 104 includes a sleave 112 disposed in the bottom portion of the bore 108.
This arrangement 102 also includes an axially-extending rod 114 affixed to the body 12 via the second retainer 22. The rod 114 has a threaded end portion 116 which is tightly screwed into the threaded center bore of the second retainer 22, an opposite end portion 118 extending concentrically within the port 110, and an intermediate portion 120 having a plurality of radially-extending flanges or collars 122.
The cylindrical material specimen 100 is disposed about the intermediate portion 120 of the rod 114 and extends into the sleeve 112. The specimen 100 has a center bore surface which conforms in shape to the surface of the intermediate portion 120 of the rod 114 in close contact therewith, and has an outer surface in slidable contact with the sleeve 112. The specimen 100 can be molded or cast about the rod 114, or can be formed as two or three identical radial segments extending axially the length of the specimen 100. The specimen 100 serves as the piston of the cylinder block 104.
During operation of the tester 10, the pressurized liquid within the test chamber 16 applies an axial shear load and simultaneously applies a radial compressive load to the specimen 100.
The various threaded connections of the device parts are shown only as a concept, and other techniques such as clamping for assembly can be used. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the second retainer 22 and the piston 32 may be provided with spade type connectors and the specimen 54 likewise provided with similar spade connectors which are bolted to the respective piston and second retainer spade connectors.
Since there are many variations, additions and changes to the embodiments described herein which would be obvious to one skilled in the art, it is intended that the scope of the invention be only limited by the appended claims.
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|US5159828 *||Aug 31, 1990||Nov 3, 1992||Exxon Production Research Company||Microaccumulator for measurement of fluid volume changes under pressure|
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|US6834554 *||Jun 17, 2003||Dec 28, 2004||Der-Hsien Shen||Apparatus for direct shear stress testing of sample|
|US8453515 *||Sep 3, 2010||Jun 4, 2013||UT-BaHelle, LLC||Apparatus and method for fatigue testing of a material specimen in a high-pressure fluid environment|
|US8561474 *||Jul 7, 2009||Oct 22, 2013||Universite Des Sciences Et Technologies De Lille||Triaxial cell for the testing of geomaterials in compression and in tension|
|US20040079168 *||Jun 17, 2003||Apr 29, 2004||Der-Hsien Shen||Apparatus for direct shear stress testing of sample|
|US20110107844 *||Jul 7, 2009||May 12, 2011||Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille é||Triaxial cell for the testing of geomaterials in compression and in tension|
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|U.S. Classification||73/794, 73/825, 73/841, 73/837|
|International Classification||G01N3/02, G01N3/30|
|Cooperative Classification||G01N3/313, G01N2203/0254|
|Apr 24, 1989||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE, AS REPRESENTED BY T
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:KASTE, ROBERT P.;TOMPKINS, ROBERT E.;REEL/FRAME:005065/0866
Effective date: 19880713
|Feb 9, 1993||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Jul 11, 1993||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Sep 28, 1993||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19930711