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A haunting and beautiful film, Sleeping Beauty is extremely symbolic and thought-provoking. For those of you who need something to think about- this is a great movie for you.
Lucy is a beautiful girl with fair skin, going through the motions of life and working multiple jobs to make ends meet.
She sees sex as a very casual thing, at one point stating that her “vagina is not a temple.” One night she even has men flip a coin to decide who will have sex with her and when.
While she is not your typical damsel in distress who outwardly believes in true love, there are many parallels to the classic story of sleeping beauty. She is a woman who feels trapped and helpless, in need of her prince.
Lucy gets her hands on a job that she later realizes is sex work. Part of her job is to serve men in lingerie. The other part is to take sleep-inducing drugs so that men may do what they wish with her while she is asleep, and she will have no recollection of the events. Her employers called Lucy Sara.
Although she is literally sleeping at her new job, it seems that she is sleeping throughout the entire story. She has no passions for her jobs, her schooling, or anyone in her life except for a close friend.
Her friend mentions that he once wished to kiss her. Perhaps that would have been the kiss from prince charming that would save her. However, he did not have the time. She asked him to marry her to which he agreed, but overdosed shortly after.
At his funeral she saw a man who she knew years ago. She asked him to marry her as well, but his response was not as favorable. He became enraged and explained that she had her chance years ago. “I can’t believe you. I don’t believe you. You don’t believe you.”
There were three men who paid to be with her while she slept, all probably in their mid 60’s. Each were told that “there is no shame. No one can see you.”
- The first man only wanted to caress and lie next to Sara. Prior to Sara’s supervisor’s departure, he gave a thoughtful speech. He read a short story that read “rise up and walk, none of your bones are broken.” He said that he carried on beautifully. That he and his wife were the perfect couple, but he did not cherish her, his friends, or his children. His wife is now dead. That night he confided that “I continued on, but with each step I cringed. Tonight, for the first time I say, my bones are broken. All of my bones are broken.”
- The second man was vulgar and rough. His response to the request of no penetration was “The only way I can get a hard on is if I take a ton of Viagra and a beautiful woman sticks two fingers up my ass. I’m the one who needs to be penetrated.” He proceeded to lick Sara and burn her with a cigarette.
- Very little information was shared about the third man. The only thing he did was pick up Sara and toss her around. He got her on the floor, but then struggled to get her back on the bed.
Sara became curious as to what went on while she slept. She begged to know, but her supervisor told her that she could not expose her clients.
The first man came back and requested that he take the same drugs as Sara. Her supervisor gave him a lethal dose. Sara slept as the man died next to her.
When the supervisor came back, the man was dead and she could not wake up Sara. She began to panic and gave Sara mouth to mouth- a kiss- which awoke her.
When Sara awoke, she once again became Lucy. She began to scream and cry when she realized her surroundings. The one who’s kiss awoke her from her sleep was not prince charming, it was one who was whoring her out to an old, dead man.
This stark realization finally brought emotion out of Lucy, which was not seen until this point in the movie.
There was a ton of symbolism, foreshadowing, and of course, allusions in this film. Literature bugs, you’ll love it.


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and JOHN LEE
WHAT AND WHEN:
AN EVENING FOR BOTH MEN AND
WOMEN (WITH RUTH BLY):
TWO DAYS FOR MEN:
Anyone who's had a contact with Men's Work during the last few years must know how excited we are to be presenting ROBERT BLY and JOHN LEE together, with the lovely addition of RUTH BLY on Friday Evening!
ROBERT BLY is the poet and writer author of IRON JOHN, where it all began for many of us. The latest of his many books of poetry is MEDITATIONS ON THE INSATIABLE SOUL.
JOHN LEE is a pioneer speaker in the Recovery Movement and a central figure in Men's Work. He is author of FLYING BOY and FLYING BOY II, also a beginning for many of us. His latest is WRITING FROM THE BODY.
RUTH BLY is a therapist and writer in her own right. She has spoken at many conferences on mythology and psychology.
Before he published IRON JOHN in 1990, Robert explored the story's implications for our relationships to our fathers with groups of men over several years. If you were fortunate enough to attend one of those workshops (as I was in 1988), you probably won't ever forget how exciting, revealing, and utterly unique the experience was.
And now Robert and John are in the creative moment of discovering and exploring a new story, taken from Indian Mythology, concerning our relations to our mothers!
I pledged to myself when we began OTCG that I would never subject you to the dishonest hype that's at the heart of so much advertising. So I'm a little self conscious about how I'm talking about this event: But, the truth is, I can hardly contain myself.
Here's a chance to hear Robert and John together! ... and to catch them at the very beginning of their exploration with us of a whole new story! As I see it, if you've heard them often, you won't want to miss this. And if you've never heard them, you won't want to miss this!
I hope this workshop may be for you, what 1988 was for me: the beginning of a whole new world.
© copyright 2002 Men On The Common

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Look to specialise with the Level 3 Nutrition for sport and exercise. Helping you gain the skills and confidence to effectively plan and understand the nutritional requirements for exercise performance at both professional and amateur levels.
- Active IQ Level 3 Award in Nutrition for Sport and Exercise Performance
- Nutrition for sport and exercise performance T/508/4367
- Level 2 Certificate in Fitness Instructing and Level 3 Award in Nutrition for Physical Activity
- Or Level 3 Certificate in Personal Training or equivalent.
This course is available with 0% finance. Take a look at the packages on the link and decide which works best for you. Simply pay your deposit upon booking and a member of our team will simply contact you and ask which package you would like to choose. Its that simply! You can pay your balance at anytime with no addition admin charges.Your Course, Your WayFull Course Dates List

domain: sports


That was higher than the 9-9.5% average industry salary increase, sparking concerns over the wide pay gap between those at the helm and other employees.
“People want to hold on to good talent in an uncertain business climate. If there is continuity, it makes sense,” said Harsh Goenka, chairman of the RPG Group, citing the volatile scenario in India and globally as a possible reason for CEOs bagging more increases than the average. “There is also a dearth of talent at the top, which could be one of the factors.”
The average pay of MDs and CEOs of companies in FY19 was Rs 6.39 crore compared with Rs 5.53 crore in FY18 and Rs 4.49 crore in FY17, according to an ET analysis of CEO salaries, excluding promoters. The data is based on the published annual reports of 90 BSE500 companies, including sector front liners such as ITC, Larsen & Toubro, Axis Bank, HDFC Bank, HDFC Life Insurance, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Steel and GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals.
A total of Rs 549.41 crore was paid to 90 CEOs and MDs in FY19 compared with Rs 475.62 crore a year earlier. The amount includes basic pay, perquisites, variable pay and commissions, excluding stock options.
Multiple Factors at Play
“The nomination and remuneration committees are extremely conscious about rewarding people in terms of pay for performance. What we are trying to bring in is to link up the pay and reward not just to one single-year performance but for an entire cycle to make the person more accountable,” said Shailesh Haribhakti, chairman of audit and accounting company Haribhakti & Co.
Going by Aon’s annual Salary Increase Survey in India published this year, India Inc. employees got an average salary hike of 9.5% in 2018 and can expect a 9.7% increase this year.
“We are trying to reduce the gap and are conscientious about not just the top guy but the whole team being rewarded,” said Haribhakti, an independent director in many Indian companies.
Anurag Malik, partner, people advisory services at EY, was of the view that CEO/MD salaries should be compared with those of others after removing the impact of variable pay and the value of stock options. “These typically form a much larger proportion at the CEO/MD level,” he said, adding that “one also needs to check what percentage of this was on account of renegotiation of contracts, as the typically year-on-year growth in CEO/MD salary is relatively lower.”
Human resource consultants and search industry experts said there could be multiple factors at play, including demand-supply of leadership executives, indispensability of current leadership to meet business goals and vulnerability of companies losing their top executives, in addition to performance, roles and responsibilities.
“I don’t see any reprieve in the CEO compensation,” said R Suresh, founder of boutique executive search firm Insist. “The CEO takes responsibility of the entire company to make it function effectively and will not fall even in a recessionary market.”
In difficult economic environments, companies would want to retain their high-performing CEOs who get more job offers than others. “Even in an absolute bad market, I am not sure if CEO compensation will drop,” said K Sudarshan, managing partner at EMA Partners India. “It is also a function of demand and supply. You cannot hire high-performing CEOs at lower cost.”
Experts said there are no fixed norms for CEO salaries and the rules can’t be the same for employees at other levels. Salary renegotiations can take place every year, depending on a company’s requirements and the business environment.
“CEO is like a medicine for a company and no company ever thinks of cutting the CEO package,” said Suresh.
Salaries of CEOs are relatively more linked to company performance than the remuneration paid to other whitecollar employees, which is more a factor of market trends and a company’s capacity to pay, compensation experts said.
- Front Page
- Pure Politics
- Bottom Line
- Deep Dive
- PM Vows Strict Action; Death Toll Climbs to 288
Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the government will ensure that “strictest punishment” is given to those responsible for the worst train accident in the country in decades, which claimed at least 288 lives and injured more than 1,099 people when Coromandel Express derailed on Friday night and its bogeys lying on two adjacent tracks led to collision with two other trains.Railways Sets up Panel to Probe Crash; Modi, Vaishnaw Visit Site
The Centre has initiated an investigation into the train accident in Odisha that claimed over 288 lives. Indian Railways has set up a high-level committee to look into the cause of the mishap involving Bengaluru-Howrah Yesvantpur Express, Coromandel Express and a goods train at Bahanaga Bazar Station in Balasore district.On Day 1, World Bank Chief Sets Development & Climate as Priorities
The World Bank’s new president Ajay Banga on Friday asked the lender’s 16,000 staff to “double down” on development and climate efforts as he seeks to accelerate the bank’s evolution to tackle the most pressing global problems.
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Under the lens
Shake things up! Supreme Court’s Adani panel wants sweeping reforms in Sebi’s functioning
9 mins read
How last-mile tech is automating logistics operations, and what it means for supply-chain managers
9 mins read
11 mins read


Tickets go on sale today for this year’s Voodoo Music Experience in New Orleans October 26, 27 and 28 at City Park. Fall Out Boy, Plain White T’s, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, Kings of Leon and more will join co-headliners Smashing Pumpkins and Rage Against the Machine for the three-day event.
Bon Jovi’s new Lost Highway album has been practically an overnight success, but so far the band only has plans to play in its home state this year. The band will be performing at Newark’s The Rock Well from October 25 through November 10. For more information, please visit www.bonjoviaeglive.com.
Morrissey had to cancel tour dates due to a throat infection in Philadelphia and Northampton, Massachusetts, but the former Smiths lead singer will resume his tour tomorrow night in New York City.
Anyone in Nigeria or vacationing there (isn’t it hot enough here in the States?) can catch a cool lineup at the THISDAY Festival on July 14 and 15 in Lagos. Artists on the bill include Rihanna, Shakira, John Legend, Kelly Rowland, Ne-Yo and UB-40.
Editors have announced North American tour dates in support of their new album, An End Has a Start, beginning September 4 in Washington, D.C. Dates are Read the rest of this entry »
“We Close Our Eyes” from 1985. I remember buying the band’s great debut album the same day I bought Madonna’s Like a Virgin – at the local Wal-Mart, no less. Ah yes, Go West on vinyl and Madge on cassette. I believe I originally saw this video on Nickelodeon’s “Nick Rocks.” Good times.
After a short 21-year break, The Police are touring again, and Thursday night they stopped at the Honda Center in Anaheim, the second of three Southern California dates.
Though there was no official split, Sting left the band all those years ago to pursue a solo career, but it’s safe to say that his creative output in the five years with the band meets (or exceeds) his 16-year output as a solo artist. Even at 56 years old, his voice still sounds smooth, especially considering that the band played Staples Center the night before.
The set list played like a greatest hits compilation with a few lesser-known songs – such as “Next to You” and “The Bed’s Too Big Without You” – sprinkled in for good measure. The highlight of the night was “So Lonely,” a Outlandos d’Amour single that was left off the band’s first (and most well known) compilation, Every Breath You Take: The Singles. Andy Summers’ guitar work was solid, even if the minute-long solos seem a little dated given the current musical trends. But drummer Stewart Copeland, the backbone of the band, played with so much passion and ferocity that it looked like he had been locked in his basement playing Police songs for the last two and a half decades. He is one of rock’s underrated drummers so it’s good to see him playing in front of big crowds once again.
As well as they work as a duo, the two guitarists don’t seem to actually enjoy playing together. Twice, as Summers worked on a solo, Sting came over to play with him and the resulting camaraderie seemed forced at best. There were a couple of rough transitions from one part of a song to the another, so it’s clear that the trio doesn’t have all the kinks worked out quite yet. These were noticeable, but not distracting.
Ticket prices are pretty steep, but given the set list, the show is a solid value. The truce seems fragile, so fans better act quickly.
The ESPY Awards, which will air July 15 on ESPN, intends to feature musical performances by Common, Macy Gray and Rocco Deluca. The show will be hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and LeBron James.
Rumors are rampant about a Spice Girls reunion, and E! Online Planet Gossip is now reporting that a reunion could turn into a six-month run in Las Vegas. Stay tuned….
Christina Aguilera’s tour kicked off this past week in Japan, and she will continue touring in support of the Back To Basics album throughout Korea, China, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand, with the tour wrapping up August 3.
The annual Street Scene Festival is set for September 22 in San Diego, and the lineup includes many buzz bands such as The Killers, Panic! At the Disco, Arctic Monkeys, Muse, Social Distortion, and The Academy Is. Tickets go on sale tomorrow.
Kelly Clarkson’s tour was postponed last week, the same week she fired her manager. While no replacement dates have been scheduled, word is that American Idol has offered Clarkson a guest spot on their summer tour featuring Season 6 finalists.
Amy Winehouse has announced her fall North American tour dates, kicking off August 4 in Washington DC. The dates so far Read the rest of this entry »
Do they need money? Or is just attention? Who knows? But The Spice Girls have announced that they’ll be making another announcement next week, leading some to speculate that they will be getting back together. Now I’m not here to bash; I actually enjoyed many of the tunes on the Girls’ first two albums (didn’t come along for the ride after Geri split for that third one). Besides, this is something commercially and artistically viable, unlike, say, The Who’s “comeback” which was about as exciting as watching cheese age.
Where do washed up, has-been American Idol contestants go? Straight into the crapper, of course. So it should come as no surprise that Constantine has recently been moonlighting on the soap opera “The Bold and the Beautiful.” Christ, this stuff is bad. But let me let him prove that to you.


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Blues, Soul, Rock n’ Roll
Ed Crowley – Harmonica, Scott Mattern – Guitar, James “Cookie” Cooke – Bass, Scott Chadwick – Drums, Dave Gorozdos – Keyboard
2017 International Blues Challenge Semi-Finalists!
2016 Winner of the DC Blues Society Battle of the Bands!
2013 WAMMIE nominated Best Blues/Traditional R&B Duo/Group!
2013 International Blues Challenge Participants!
2012 Winner of the DC Blues Society Battle of the Bands!
Fast Eddie & The Slowpokes are guaranteed to get you up on your feet! The Slowpokes playlist is inspired by classic blues material from Chicago to West Coast Swing, Motown to Muscle Shoals, and all the rock n’ roll in between.
Fast Eddie & The Slowpokes have performed throughout the DC – Maryland- Virginia region, from The Kennedy Center to festivals to roadhouses. They have shared the stage with Victor Wainwright (2016 BMA Entertainer of the Year), The Nighthawks, The Andy T Band, Jimmy Thackery, and Phil Pemberton of Roomful of Blues. They won the 2016 and 2012 DC Blues Society Battle of the Bands and represented the DC Blues Society at the 2017 and 2013 The International Blues Challenge in Memphis! In 2017, they were Semi-Finalists at the International Blues Challenge!

domain: entertainment


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Hey I'm Jeff - I travel for work all the time, but my home base is in SF. I'm into design, food, and biking (lots of biking). There's no place better for all 3 than SF.
Loved this House. Had a great stay. Jeff & Matt made our stay easy & hassle free. Matt helped us find a great place to eat. Will definitely stay again;)
This is the cutest, coziest, studio I have ever been in! Jeff has immaculate taste and an amazing eye for detail. The description and the photos in the listing are great but of course not enough to capture the amazing experience!
Also, the place is right at the heart of Hayes, which is one of the cutest neighborhoods in the city! so there are many nice restaurants, coffee shops, boutiques to check out in the area.
Overall, this was my first airbnb experience and I'm pretty sure it will all go downhill from here.. :)
Jeff's apartment is wonderful! I wish he could come decorate my apartment. (: He was easy to coordinate with for keys and left plenty of information. The neighborhood is lovely.
Jeff is a great host and we are very thankful for his disponibility and kindness. We will definitely come again in this studio for our next trip in SF!
Had a long stay in Jeff's studio on Ivy Street and I was very happy. The studio is in a great location and communications with Jeff were quick and clear. I would definitely recommend.
Jeff ist ein sehr sympathischer, unkomplizierter und hilfbereiter Vermieter. Wir wurden mit guten Tipps überhäuft und er nahm sich Zeit, unsere Fragen zu beantworten.
Das Apartment ist relativ klein, aber sehr geschmackvoll und herzlich eingerichtet und lässt nichts vermissen. Während man bei anderen Vermietern oft in einem etwas sterilen, schon fast hotelmässigen Apartment wohnt, ist man hier mitten drin. Die Küche ist voll ausgerüstet und bereit für die Benutzung, die Magazine neben der Couch sind uptodate, Jeff's Kleider im Schrankzimmer in griffnähe (die Versuchung bestand durchaus =) - eine durchaus persönliche, aber gute Erfahrung.
Einziger Nachteil ist das nicht gerade hübsche Treppenhaus und der Lärm, welcher (bei geöffnetem Fenster) frühmorgens in die Wohnung im zweiten Stock dringt.
Jeff's place is fantastic! It's the perfect sanctuary to come home to after a long day of sightseeing. The location is so great I even found it easy to pop back during the day and freshen up. We walked to the Mission district, all through Hayes, to the Divisadero. We got buses to Fort Mason, Candlestick park and Fisherman's Wharf and trains to the airport and Embarcadero. The location is so great. Jeff is so easy to communicate with and offered a lot of suggestions for sightseeing and dining out in SF. A great stay!
Jeff's place was more charming than it looks in the pictures and full of amazing plants! I would definitely recommend this place to anyone visiting San Francisco and would gladly stay there again. It's a great location, in the heart of Hayes Valley with many great restaurants, bars, and shops. Jeff was great host and really accommodating with last minute booking and arrival. Thanks, Jeff!
We spent 4 nights in Jeff's very well located flat in Hayes Valley. 10 minutes to the next BART station, innumuerous expensive and less expensive stylish boutiques, many bars and restaurants, Hayes Valley provides its very own feeling in San Francisco.
The flat is quite small yet very unique and tastefully designed. It provides enough space for 2 people and has a fully equipped kitchen, which we used almost daily.
We had a wonderful time in Hayes Valley and in San Fran overall.
Jeff has a lovely apartment and was a wonderful host!
Jeff was perfect guest! I wish more gusts like he :) Highly recommended!
Jeff stayed at my Duboce Park house and was a great guest - easy communications and check in / check out. Jeff took great care of the house and left it in perfect condition. Looking forward to hosting Jeff anytime in the future!
Great guests . Left the Rocket shipshape.,Was a pleasure to have them stay.

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Diagnostic utility of CSF1 immunohistochemistry in tenosynovial giant cell tumor for differentiating from giant cell-rich tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone and soft tissue
Diagnostic Pathology volume 17, Article number: 88 (2022)
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TSGCT) is a benign fibrohistiocytic tumor that affects the synovium of joints, bursa, and tendon sheaths and is categorized into localized TSGCT (LTSGCT) and diffuse TSGCT (DTSGCT). LTSGCT and DTSGCT are characterized by recurrent fusions involving the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) gene and its translocation partner collagen type VI alpha 3 chain. The fusion gene induces intratumoral overexpression of CSF1 mRNA and CSF1 protein. CSF1 expression is a characteristic finding of TSGCT and detection of CSF1 mRNA and CSF1 protein may be useful for the pathological diagnosis. Although there have been no effective anti-CSF1 antibodies to date, in situ hybridization (ISH) for CSF1 mRNA has been performed to detect CSF1 expression in TSGCT. We performed CSF1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-CSF1 antibody (clone 2D10) in cases of TSGCT, giant cell-rich tumor (GCRT), and GCRT-like lesion and verified its utility for the pathological diagnosis of TSGCT.
We performed CSF1 IHC in 110 cases including 44 LTSGCTs, 20 DTSGCTs, 1 malignant TSGCT (MTSGCT), 10 giant cell tumors of bone, 2 giant cell reparative granulomas, 3 aneurysmal bone cysts, 10 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, 10 leiomyosarcomas, and 10 myxofibrosarcomas. We performed fluorescence ISH (FISH) for CSF1 rearrangement to confirm CSF1 expression on IHC in TSGCTs. We considered the specimens to have CSF1 rearrangement if a split signal was observed in greater than 2% of the tumor cells.
Overall, 50 of 65 TSGCT cases, including 35 of the 44 LTSGCTs and 15 of the 20 DTSGCTs, showed distinct scattered expression of CSF1 in the majority of mononuclear tumor cells. MTSGCT showed no CSF1 expression. Non-TSGCT cases were negative for CSF1. FISH revealed CSF1 rearrangement in 6 of 7 CSF1-positive cases on IHC. On the other hand, FISH detected no CSF1 rearrangement in all CSF1-negative cases on IHC. Thus, the results of IHC corresponded to those of FISH.
We revealed characteristic CSF1 expression on IHC in cases of TSGCT, whereas the cases of non-TSGCT exhibited no CSF1 expression. CSF1 IHC may be useful for differentiating TSGCTs from histologically mimicking GCRTs and GCRT-like lesions.
The current World Health Organization classification of soft tissue and bone tumors defines tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TSGCT) as a benign fibrohistiocytic tumor that affects the synovium of joints, bursa, and tendon sheaths . TSGCT is divided into two main types: localized TSGCT (LTSGCT) and diffuse TSGCT (DTSGCT). In addition to these, malignant TSGCT (MTSGCT) has rarely been reported. LTSGCT arises predominantly in the digits of the hand and foot. DTSGCT commonly affects the intra-auricular region of the large joints including knee, hip, ankle, elbow, and shoulder joints. On the other hand, MTSGCTs are highly aggressive sarcomas with metastases to the lymph nodes and lung and have a poor prognosis [2, 3].
Histologically, LTSGCT shows a well-demarcated lobulated mass that consists of various proportions of mononuclear cells, osteoclast-like giant cells, foamy cells, and inflammatory infiltrates. The stroma shows hemosiderin deposits and various degrees of hyalinization. By contrast, DTSGCT usually exhibits an infiltrative growth pattern with diffuse and expansile sheets of various tumor components and commonly shows a cleft-like space with severe hemosiderin deposits. Therefore, LTSGCT and DTSGCT differ in clinical presentation and histology, although the pathogenesis of these tumors is characterized by fusion of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and collagen type VI alpha 3 chain (COL6A3) genes derived from translocation of t(1p13; 2q35) . The fusion gene induces overexpression of CSF1 mRNA and CSF1 protein (also called macrophage colony stimulation factor) in the tumor. Therefore, CSF1 expression is a characteristic finding of TSGCT, and CSF1 expression leads to the recruitment of macrophages to the tumor tissue of osteoclast-like giant cells. The characteristic histology of TSGCT is the intermingling of mononuclear cells with many inflammatory cells and osteoclast-like giant cells [4, 5]. Because CSF1 expression is characteristic in TSGCT, detecting CSF1 mRNA and CSF1 protein may be useful for the pathological diagnosis of TSGCT. Although there are no effective anti-CSF1 antibodies to date, CSF1 mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) has been performed to detect CSF1 expression in TSGCT [5, 6].
In this study, we performed CSF1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-CSF1 antibody (clone 2D10) in the pathological specimens of TSGCT patients and verified its utility for the pathological diagnosis of TSGCT. In addition, we evaluated CSF1 rearrangement in TSGCT by fluorescence ISH (FISH) using a dual-color break-apart probe. We also investigated CSF1 IHC in giant cell-rich tumor (GCRT) and GCRT-like lesion, which occur in the bone and characteristically show the presence of osteoclast-like giant cell including giant cell tumor of bone, giant cell reparative granuloma, and aneurysmal bone cyst. Moreover, we performed CSF1 IHC in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) as these tumors may contain osteoclast-like giant cells.
Materials and methods
This study was performed with approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Sapporo Medical University Hospital (No. 342 − 33). We selected a total of 110 cases from our pathological archives including 44 LTSGCTs, 20 DTSGCTs, 1 MTSGCT, 10 giant cell tumors of bone, 2 giant cell reparative granulomas, 3 aneurysmal bone cysts, 10 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, 10 leiomyosarcomas, and 10 myxofibrosarcomas. We performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining using 3-µm-thick sections. We reviewed all H&E-stained slides and previously stained IHC slides and confirmed the pathological diagnosis in individual cases.
We performed IHC for CSF1 using representative sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from individual cases. These tissues were sliced into 3-µm-thick sections and examined with an automated IHC system at Sapporo Medical University Hospital. All slides were loaded into a PT Link Module (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) and subjected to a heat-induced antigen-retrieval protocol with the EnVision FLEX Target Retrieval Solution (Agilent Technologies) before being transferred to Autostainer Link 48 (Agilent Technologies). We used commercially available antibodies against CSF1 (clone 2D10, 1:500 dilution; Millipore Corporation, Temecula, CA). CSF1 expression was considered positive if foci of scattered CSF1-positive cells with discernible cytoplasmic expression were diffusely or at least focally observed.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
We performed FISH for CSF1 rearrangement to confirm CSF1 expression detected by IHC in 7 CSF1-positive and 5 CSF1-negative cases. We also performed FISH for MTGCT. We used the commercially available CSF1 dual-color break-apart probe (CSF1 Split Dual Color FISH Probe; GSP Lab., Inc., Hyogo, Japan). FISH was performed as previously described . Briefly, the specimens were tumor tissues in 4-µm-thick slices on glass slides. We first selected an area showing representative histology and marked a 5-mm circle with a marker pen on the glass slide. We used the PathVysion HER-2 DNA Probe Kit (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with the following modifications: baking (60 °C for 1 h), deparaffinization, target gene activation (20 min with 0.2 M HCl followed by 80 °C for 30 min with pretreatment solution), enzyme treatment (37 °C for 60 min with protease solution), re-fixation (10 min with 10% formalin neutral buffer solution), denaturation (72 °C for 5 min with denaturation solution), washing and dehydration (1 min each in 70%, 85%, and 100% ethanol), hybridization with 10 mL DNA probe solution (90 °C for 5 min, followed by 37 °C for 48 h), and washing with post-hybridization wash buffer (72 °C for 2 min). For counterstaining, 10 µL of 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole was added. The slides were coverslipped for viewing under a fluorescence microscope. We counted 50 nuclei and defined the signals as split when the distance between the red and green signals was at least twice the estimated signal diameter. We considered the specimens to have CSF1 rearrangement if a split signal was observed in greater than 2% of the tumor cells .
The clinical findings of the 110 cases examined are summarized in Table 1. Patients with LTSGCT included 21 males and 23 females (mean age 47, range 9–78 years). A digit of the hand or foot was the most affected anatomical site (n = 32). Patients with DTSGCT included 5 males and 15 females (mean age 36, range 17–58 years). The knee was the most affected anatomical site (n = 12). Rare anatomical sites included vertebra (n = 1). The patient with MTSGCT was a 22-year-old man who had an affected digit. He underwent the local recurrence 3 times and the last recurrent tumor showed malignant transformation. Details of clinical features of the non-TSGCT cases were also demonstrated in Table 1.
Histologically, LTSGCT showed a well-circumscribed mass consisting of admixture of mononuclear cells, osteoclast-like giant cells, foamy cells, and inflammatory infiltrates with various degrees of collagenous stroma (Fig. 1a). DTSGCT was also composed of various cells similar to LTSGCT that exhibited sheet proliferation with often cleft-like structures and marked hemosiderin deposits (Figs. 1c and 2c). MTSGCT consisted of diffuse proliferation of round to ovoid mononuclear tumor cells with coarse chromatin and conspicuous nucleoli (Fig. 2a). Mitotic figures were frequently observed. The initial and secondary recurrent tumors showed the histology of conventional TSGCT. The morphologic features of the non-TSGCT cases were demonstrated in Figs. 3 and 4.
The results of IHC are summarized in Table 2. The majority of TSGCT cases were positive for CSF1 on IHC. A total of 50 of 65 (77%) TSGCTs, including 35 of 44 (79.5%) LTSGCTs (Fig. 1b) and 15 of 20 (75%) DTSGCTs (Figs. 1d and 2d), were positive for CSF1. In the CSF1-positive cases, many CSF1-positive cells were scattered in the tumor and discernable cytoplasmic staining was seen regardless of its intensity. One case of MTSGCT showed no expression of CSF1 (Fig. 2b) although the initial and secondary recurrent tumors showed weak CSF1 expression. On the other hand, no cases of giant cell tumor of bone (Fig. 3b), aneurysmal bone cyst (Fig. 3d), or giant cell reparative granuloma (Fig. 3f) exhibited CSF1 expression. All cases of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (Fig. 4b), leiomyosarcoma (Fig. 4d), and myxofibrosarcoma (Fig. 4f) were negative for CSF1.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
FISH revealed CSF1 split signals in 0%, 4%, 6%, 6%, 10%, 10%, and 26% of tumor cells in 7 TSGCTs (4 LTSGCTs and 3 DTSGCTs) that were positive for CSF1 on IHC (Fig. 5a, b). In the CSF1-positive cases on IHC, 6 of 7 (86%) were positive for CSF1 rearrangement by FISH. On the other hand, FISH detected CSF1 split signals in 0%, 0%, 2%, 2%, and 2% in 5 TSGCTs (4 LTSGCTs and 1 DTSGCT) that were negative for CSF1 on IHC. In the CSF1-negative cases on IHC, no case showed CSF1 rearrangement by FISH. Thus, the results of IHC corresponded to those of FISH. MTSGCT showed CSF1 split signals in 2% of tumor cells and so no CSF1 rearrangement.
Because GCRTs including TSGCTs and GCRT-like lesions arising in the bone and soft tissue often exhibit similar morphology that consists of sheet-like proliferation of histiocytic mononuclear cells with characteristic osteoblast-like giant cells, inflammatory cells, and aggregation of foam cells, their differential diagnosis requires clinical information including age, sex, location, and radiological findings in addition to histological examination. Therefore, a precise diagnosis may be difficult if clinical and radiological findings are not typical. In this study, we found specific CSF1 expression in both LTSGCT and DTSGCT cases. Conversely, no CSF1 expression was observed in any case of giant cell tumor of bone, aneurysmal bone cyst, or giant cell reparative granuloma. Therefore, we conclude that CSF1 IHC is a useful diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of TSGCTs. We experienced a challenging case of vertebral TSGCT as illustrated in Fig. 2c and d. Our first impression of the case was aneurysmal bone cyst although FISH detected no USP6 split signal in the tumor cells. Therefore, we initially diagnosed the case as GCRT-like lesion with suspected giant cell reparative granuloma. However, as this case showed distinct CSF1 expression on IHC, we finally diagnosed the patient with DTSGCT arising from the intervertebral joint of the spine involving the vertebral bone combined with careful examination of the radiological findings. Thus, CSF1 IHC is effective for the confirmative diagnosis of TSGCT if the location of the tumor is unusual.
CSF1 is a homodimeric glycoprotein that is required for the lineage-specific growth of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series. CSF1 primarily regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of monocytes/macrophages, which sustains the protumorigenic functions of tumor-associated macrophages [8, 9]. In TSGCTs, the tumor cells have CSF1 rearrangement and it induces CSF1 overexpression, which leads to the mobilization of many inflammatory cells and osteoclast-like giant cells into the tumor tissue [4, 5]. CSF1 expression has been found in musculoskeletal tumors including TSGCT and leiomyosarcoma by ISH or IHC [5, 6, 10, 11], although no study has focused on the diagnostic utility of CSF1 IHC for the differential diagnosis between TSGCTs and giant cell-rich lesions including giant cell tumor of bone, aneurysmal bone cyst, and giant cell reparative granuloma.
Some previous studies have examined CSF1 mRNA expression by ISH and chromogenic ISH (CISH) in cases of TSGCT and non-tumoral synovium [5, 6, 10]. They revealed characteristic CSF1 mRNA expression in almost all TSGCT cases by ISH (96%) and CISH (100%), respectively [5, 10]. CSF1 mRNA expression showed a scattered pattern throughout the tumors as shown in our CSF1 IHC study. CSF1 expression using IHC has scarcely been examined in the musculoskeletal tumors due to the lack of reliable CSF1 antibodies for formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded Sect. . In a study of CSF1 IHC tested in TSGCT cases by Cupp et al. , CSF1 expression was present diffusely throughout the lesions of mononuclear cells in 42 of 51 cases (82%). However, interpretation of the intensity of localization was difficult because of the high background of staining present. On the other hand, they examined CSF1 expression in reactive synovitis and CSF1 staining showed a linear pattern that highlighted the synovial lining. Moreover, they analyzed CSF1 mRNA ISH in various types of soft tissue tumor including leiomyosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and CSF1 mRNA expression pattern was similar to the punctate pattern seen in TSGCTs. Our study showed that CSF1 expression was present in 50 of 65 (77%) TSGCT cases by IHC in which many CSF1-positive cells were scattered in the tumor and discernable cytoplasmic staining was seen regardless of its intensity. We found CSF1 expression only in cases of TSGCTs and not in GCRTs or GCRT-like lesions. Taken together, our results suggest that CSF1 IHC is an effective diagnostic tool for TSGCTs.
In our study, a case of MTSGCT exhibited no CSF1 expression on IHC. A previous study revealed non-CSF1 fusions in cases of atypical TSGCT with increased cellular atypia and mitotic activity. These atypical TSGCTs harbored unique non-CSF1 gene fusions including NIPBL-ERG, FN1-ROS1, and YAP1-MAML2 . Although we rarely detected CSF1 split signals in the tumor cells of MTGCT, it is possible that these or new fusion genes may exist in these cases.
Recently, Agaimy et al. have reported distinctive giant cell-rich soft tissue neoplasm that expressed keratins and carried a recurrent HMGA2-NCOR2 gene fusion . Histologically, the tumor consisted of bland plump epithelioid or ovoid to spindled mononuclear cells mixed with evenly distributed multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells. On IHC, the mononuclear cells were characteristically positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 cocktail. Interestingly, the tumor had a novel HMGA2-NCOR2 fusing gene and was considered to be a genetically distinct entity of giant cell tumor of soft tissue. This unique tumor of the new entity also should be differentiated from TSGCT and its histological mimics. Differential diagnosis of keratin positive giant cell-rich soft tissue neoplasm from TSGCT may be easy because the former tumor showed the characteristic keratin expression. On the other hand, TSGCT usually exhibited no obvious keratin expression.
A limitation of this study is that TSGCTs generally consist of a mixture of mononuclear tumor cells and various types of non-tumor cells including inflammatory cells, foam cells, and fibroblasts, so we often had difficulty counting signal-positive cells under a fluorescence microscope on FISH even if comparing the morphology of H&E-stained slides. Thus, we may have underestimated the positive rate of cells with split signals because of the similarity between mononuclear tumor cells and inflammatory cells. Mastboom et al.  reported a cutoff value of CSF1 split signal of greater than 2% in their FISH analysis. Adapting this cutoff value, they detected CSF1 rearrangement in 76% of all TSGCT cases including 77% in LTSGCT and 75% in DTSGCT cases. However, this cutoff value is apparently lower than that of general split FISH in translocation-related sarcomas (10% or 20%) . For example, we usually adapt 10% as a cut-off value of split signals in tumors consisting of cytologically monomorphic cells such as Ewing sarcoma and synovial sarcoma . In the present study, cases positive for CSF1 on IHC showed CSF1 split signals in greater than 2% of tumor cells. By contrast, cases negative for CSF1 on IHC exhibited no or only 2% CSF1 split signal of tumor cells. Therefore, we should carefully interpret the CSF1 split signal as “positive” on FISH combined with the results of CSF1 IHC.
We revealed characteristic CSF1 expression on IHC in only cases of TSGCT and not in GCRTs and GCRT-like lesions such as giant cell tumor of bone, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell reparative granuloma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and myxofibrosarcoma. The distinctive CSF1 expression in TSGCTs was scattered in many tumor cells. We conclude that CSF1 IHC may be a useful diagnostic tool to differentiate TSGCTs from histologically mimicking GCRTs and GCRT-like lesions of bone and soft tissues.
tenosynovial giant cell tumor
fluorescence in situ hybridization
de Saint Aubain Somerhausen N. von de Rijn M. In: Antonescu CR, Blay JV, Bovee JVMG et al, editors. Tenosynovial giant cell tumor, WHO classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. 5th ed. Lyon: IARC press; 2020. pp. 133–6.
Nakayama R, Jagannathan JP, Ramaiya N, Ferrone ML, Raut CP, Ready JE, et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in six cases of malignant tenosynovial giant cell tumor: initial experience of molecularly targeted therapy. BMC Cancer. 2018;18:1296.
Al-Ibraheemi A, Ahrens WA, Fritchie K, Dong J, Oliveira AM, Balzer B, et al. Malignant Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: The True “Synovial Sarcoma?“ A Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Cytogenetic Study of 10 Cases, Supporting Origin from Synoviocytes. Mod Pathol. 2019;32:242–51.
West RB, Rubin BP, Miller MA, Subramanian S, Kaygusuz G, Montgomery K, et al. A landscape effect in tenosynovial giant-cell tumor from activation of CSF1 expression by a translocation in a minority of tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:690–5.
Cupp JS, Miller MA, Montgomery KD, Nielsen TO, O’Connell JX, Huntsman D, et al. Translocation and expression of CSF1 in pigmented villonodular synovitis, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, rheumatoid arthritis and other reactive synovitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:970–6.
Mastboom MJL, Hoek DM, Bovée JVMG, van de Sande MAJ, Szuhai K. Does CSF1 overexpression or rearrangement influence biological behaviour in tenosynovial giant cell tumours of the knee? Histopathology. 2019;74:332–40.
Sugita S, Asanuma H, Hasegawa T. Diagnostic use of fluorescence in situ hybridization in expert review in a phase 2 study of trabectedin monotherapy in patients with advanced, translocation-related sarcoma. Diagn Pathol. 2016;11:37.
Sherr CJ, Roussel MF, Rettenmier CW. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-fms). J Cell Biochem. 1988;38:179–87.
Fujiwara T, Yakoub MA, Chandler A, Christ AB, Yang G, Ouerfelli O, et al. CSF1/CSF1R Signaling Inhibitor Pexidartinib (PLX3397) Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Stimulates T-cell Infiltration in the Sarcoma Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther. 2021;20:1388–99.
Thangaiah JJ, Koepplin JW, Folpe AL. RNAscope CSF1 chromogenic in situ hybridization: a potentially useful tool in the differential diagnosis of tenosynovial giant cell tumors. Hum Pathol. 2021;115:1–9.
Espinosa I, Edris B, Lee CH, Cheng HW, Gilks CB, Wang Y, et al. CSF1 expression in nongynecological leiomyosarcoma is associated with increased tumor angiogenesis. Am J Pathol. 2011;179:2100–7.
Vougiouklakis T, Shen G, Feng X, Hoda ST, Jour G. Molecular Profiling of Atypical Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors Reveals Novel Non-CSF1 Fusions. Cancers (Basel). 2019;12:100.
Agaimy A, Michal M, Stoehr R, Ferrazzi F, Fabian P, Michal M, et al. Recurrent novel HMGA2-NCOR2 fusions characterize a subset of keratin-positive giant cell-rich soft tissue tumors. Mod Pathol. 2021;34:1507–20.
Sugita S, Aoyama T, Ito Y, Asanuma H, Sugawara T, Segawa K, et al. Diagnostic utility of automated SureFISH (Dako Omnis) in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal translocation-related sarcomas. Pathol Int. 2017;67:510–3.
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This research was approved by the IRB of Sapporo Medical University Hospital under permit number 342 − 33. The IRB approved an opt-out informed consent approach for the retrospective, non-interventional study.
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Sugita, S., Takenami, T., Kido, T. et al. Diagnostic utility of CSF1 immunohistochemistry in tenosynovial giant cell tumor for differentiating from giant cell-rich tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone and soft tissue. Diagn Pathol 17, 88 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-022-01266-9

domain: health


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[Source: CVBugle.com, Steve Ayers] — Chalk up another crown jewel for the ever-expanding Verde River Greenway. This week, Arizona State Parks and The Nature Conservancy have announced the purchase of the historic Rockin’ River Ranch, located on the Verde River at the southern edge of the Town of Camp Verde. The $7 million purchase was made with money designated for the specific purpose of acquiring land for State Parks. Funding for acquisition comes from the state’s Heritage Fund, which comes from the state lottery. [Note: to read the full article, click here.]
[Source: CVBugle.com, Steve Ayers] — Sometimes it takes brute force to get things done. Sometimes it takes long and arduous hours spent burning the midnight oil. But sometimes all it takes is a little finesse. For months, the Town of Camp Verde has been developing a master plan for its new community park. Brute force and long hours were applied to the process so the plan could be completed in time to apply for a Heritage grant from Arizona State Parks.
The grant, which could be as high as $750,000, would be based on, and go a long way toward, building the park’s many planned amenities, if awarded to the Town. But like all grants, Heritage grants are cumbersome at best, rich in requests for detail and labor intensive for the applicant. [Note: to read the full article, click here.]

domain: geography


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RAY & GLOVER BIOGRAPHY
DAVE “SNAKER” RAY & TONY “LITTLE SUN” GLOVER
Dave “Snaker” Ray and Tony “Little Sun” Glover are the bluer two-thirds of Koerner, Ray & Glover, a folk-blues trio that recorded and toured widely during the Sixties folk music boom. They cut five influential albums for Elektra with an intriguing mix of string-band, ragtime and down-home blues styles. The group performed at the Newport and Philadelphia Folk Festivals and on the club and college circuits. Their raucous enthusiasm and musical acumen breathed new life into traditional material; people as diverse as John Lennon and The Doors listed them as influences.
When the Trio drifted apart in the late Sixties, Ray built a recording studio in the Minnesota woods. His label, Sweet Jane Ltd., was a prototype for the cottage industry studios of today and made numerous recordings, including Bonnie Raitt’s first sides for Warner Bros. Glover authored several best-selling harmonica instruction manuals, worked as an all-night underground DJ and spent time in New York as a music journalist for magazines like Rolling Stone, Crawdaddy and Circus.
During the Seventies and Eighties, the group reunited for special shows, including the Folk Festivals in Winnipeg and Vancouver and Sing Out! magazine’s thirtieth anniversary concert. A Trio show in 1984 was filmed to form the foundation for Blues Rags & Hollers: The Koerner, Ray & Glover Story, a two-hour performance/documentary video produced by Glover. The Minnesota Music Awards named KR&G “Best Folk Group” and elected them to the Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, along with Prince and Bob Dylan.
Ray and Glover have maintained an active performing partnership. A Minneapolis bar gig resulted in a jukebox 45 on their own Ray-Ver label. A series of acoustic performances was captured on a 1987 release, Legends In Their Spare Time. It was named “Blues Album of the Year” at the Minnesota Music Awards–the same year Glover copped the “Best Electric Harp” title. They have appeared on dozens of albums, many of which are still in print.
Glover has continued free-lance writing with frequent record and book reviews. He has contributed notes for various albums, including Bob Dylan’s LIVE 1966 set, for which he won the ASCAP Deems Taylor award. His collaborative biography of Little Walter will soon be published.
Ray has led several blues and rock bands, including The Three Bedroom Ramblers with John Beach and Kory Badertscher. Their album, What Was The Question? accents the exciting and eclectic playlist that has characterized all of Ray’s group efforts. The Elegonzos, featuring John Beach and Paul Lagos, continue Ray’s exploration of the soul of jazz and R&B since the Thirties, especially the funky rhythms of New Orleans.
Ray and Glover play regularly at Lee’s Liquor Lounge in Minneapolis and the Duo has recently opened for The Radiators, Bob Dylan, and B. B. King. In the last few years, they have appeared on bills with artists as diverse as John Lee Hooker, J. J. Cale, Dr. John and Beck. Koerner joined them as they once again played the East Coast club circuit and the Philadelphia Folk Festival before heading West for the Seattle Bumbershoot.
Ashes In My Whiskey, a 1990 album for Rough Trade, was the first studio recording the Duo had done since their contract with Elektra expired. Tim/Kerr Records released their next effort, Picture Has Faded, which won the 1994 Minnesota Music Awards “Best Independent Record” prize. Both discs garnered critical praise, including multi-star reviews in Rolling Stone.
Red House Records reissued Blues, Rags and Hollers in 1995. The Trio’s first recording in thirty-five years, a live date entitled One Foot In The Groove, has met with widespread critical acclaim and raves from both their new fans and those of thirty years ago. Collectors of Ray’s solo twelve-string work will be delighted with his release, Snake Eyes. Fans of The Radiators will be thrilled with Dave and Tony’s work with Camile Baudoin and Reggie Scanlan on The Back Porch Rockers’ By The Water. The 1999 reissues of Lots More Blues, Rags and Hollers and The Return of Koerner, Ray and Glover by Red House Records means all three of the Trio’s original Sixties recordings are currently available.
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People who suffer from snoring know who annoying it can be. People who sleep with a snorer really know! But were you aware that there is an even more intense form of snoring that actually carries some heavy health risks? This is known as sleep apnea; read more about it in this article.
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If you want to ease your sleep apnea, it’s crucial that you speak with your physician regarding CPAP machines and which is best for you. You should take the size and potential to make noise into consideration. Some machines are very quiet and no bigger than a simple bread box. Your physician will be able to guide you to good CPAP manufacturers.
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Take the steps to find out if you actually have sleep apnea. Those who snore don’t necessarily have the disorder. If you have a sleeping partner, ask them questions about your actions during sleep. Do you stop breathing and gasp for air? That is a sure sign of sleep apnea.
There are known risk factors for sleep apnea. Some of obstructive sleep apnea risk factors are being overweight, a smoker, male, related to someone with sleep apnea or being Hispanic, Black, or a Pacific Islander. If you have one or more of these risk factors, you are more prone to being diagnosed with sleep apnea.
Make a sleep schedule and keep to it. By sleeping at regular intervals and times, your body gets used to a pattern and takes advantage of it. If you are not getting quality sleep on a regular basis, your sleep apnea may worsen. Make sure to go to bed at a similar time every day and try to sleep a fixed amount of hours.
Try sleeping with nasal strips to open your nasal passageways. If you suffer from sleep apnea, this can offer some relief to your symptoms, especially snoring. When your sleep is less interrupted by waking periods when you cannot breathe, you receive a better night of rest and often see your symptoms disappear.
Have you heard of this problem before? Is it possible that you actually suffer from this issue without knowing about it? Now that you have read through this article, you know the best ways to handle apnea if you, or a loved one, develop it later on in your lives.


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In addition, the draft constitution has removed provisions which prevented amnesties from being awarded to those who have committed human rights violations. The prevention of such amnesties is vital to encourage urgently needed accountability in order to prevent and discourage ongoing crimes which are continue to be committed with impunity across Libya. The February 2016 constitutional draft instead risks enshrining this culture of impunity and would therefore deny justice and redress to victims.
Constitution Building and Legal Reform Programme Coordinator for LFJL, Chloe Dennis, commented:
“The February 2016 constitutional draft contains numerous troubling provisions that considerably weaken the protections that are necessary for all Libyans to enjoy their fundamental human rights and inherent dignity.
“This is especially worrying for groups and individuals who are already at risk of experiencing marginalisation and rights violations in Libya. Without having their views adequately considered and represented during the drafting process, they may now be forced to live in a country whereby the highest source of law enshrines and protects discriminatory treatment against them.”
The Coalition of Libyan Human Rights Organisations therefore urges those responsible for drafting the constitution to resist pressure to adopt a “quick fix” document lacking legitimacy or adequate protections for all residing within Libya. Miss Dennis noted:
“The eventual constitution should be an aspirational document which provides legal stability in an uncertain environment. It should not be seen as a law which can be adopted now and amended later for the sake of political convenience, as this may risk inadequate protections being enshrined for generations to come.”
The Coalition remains ready to offer its further technical assistance to those responsible for drafting the constitution.
Click here for the summary of concerns.
Al Nissa Qadimat Movement (the Women are Coming Movement)
Libyan Association for Tebu Culture
Libyan and My Son is a Stranger
Libyan Center for Freedom of Press
Lawyers for Justice in Libya
Mercy Association for Charitable and Humanitarian Aid (Alrahma)
National Libyan Organisation for the Development of People with Disabilities
Qadat Alafkar (Ideas Driver Organisation)
(Source: Lawyers for Justice in Libya)

domain: sociology


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Preheat the oven to 400° F. Cut of the green tops of the carrots leaving about one inch of green stems. Line a roasting pan with parchment paper that just fits the carrots in a single layer. Add the lemon slices randomly over the carrots. In a small bowl mix together the olive oil, cumin seeds, garlic, honey, and lemon juice. Drizzle the mixture over the carrots and toss to evenly coat the carrots. Roast for 30-35 minutes or until tender, turning the half way through the roasting time.
For the beans. In a medium saucepan add the olive oil and saute the onions over low heat to just soften them without adding any color. Add the garlic, beans, broth, salt, and pepper. Increase heat to medium and cook for about two minutes. Stir in the olive oil, lemon juice, and 1 tablespoons of thyme leaaves. Taste and adjust seasoning if needed.
In a medium bowl, mix together the yogurt, olive oil, buttermilk, salt and pepper.
On a serving platter, put the beans and top with the roasted carrots and lemon slices. Drizzle or dollop some of the yogurt over the beans and carrots (serve the rest of the yogurt on the side), scatter the remaining tablespoon of thyme leaves and garnish with a few thyme sprigs.

domain: food


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In the ever-evolving landscape of online entertainment, the keyword “login API88” serves as the gateway to a world of premium digital experiences. In this article, we will delve into the dynamic universe of Login API88, uncovering its significance, the login process, and why it has become the preferred choice for individuals seeking top-tier online entertainment.
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America values family-owned farms and ranches because of the food, fiber, and fuel they produce, the contribution that agriculture makes to job creation and the economy, and the open space that farming and ranching protects. Yet, our nation’s estate tax policy can be in direct conflict with the desire to preserve and protect our nation’s family-owned farms and ranches.
Impact on Family Farms
Estate taxes are levied on inherited assets over the $5.45 million per person exemption with the top rate set at 40 percent. When estate taxes on an agricultural business exceed cash and other liquid assets, surviving family partners may be forced to sell land, buildings or equipment needed to keep their businesses running. This not only can cripple a farm or ranch operation, but also hurts the rural communities and businesses that agriculture supports.
Individuals, family partnerships and family corporations own over 97 percent of our nation’s over 2 million farms and ranches. The value of family-owned farms and ranches is usually tied to illiquid assets, such as land, buildings and equipment. With 90 percent of farm and ranch assets illiquid, producers have few options when it comes to generating cash to pay the estate tax. Recent increases in agriculture cropland values, on average 7.6 percent from 2013 to 2014, have greatly expanded the number of farms and ranches that now top the estate tax exemption.
Special Use Valuation (Sec. 2032A) allows farmers, ranchers and other business owners the ability to reduce their estate taxes by allowing a limited amount of business property to be valued for its actual use rather than for its highest value use for estate tax purposes. For example, farmland could be valued at its farm value rather than what it would be worth if sold for development. Many farmers and ranchers are reluctant to use Section 2032A because it is complex and there are significant penalties imposed when the terms of its use is violated. More family farms and ranches would be willing to deal with the rigors of compliance if the benefits were greater and certain transfers were allowed.
One such restriction says that part or all of the tax savings from using 2032A must be paid back if, within ten years, the use of the property is changed or if the property is sold outside of the family. Sale of a conservation easement triggers the recapture tax and so does the harvesting of standing timber. Another limitation is that the value of property may not be reduced by more than $1 million indexed for inflation. This means that if the value of a farm for development purposes was $8 million and the farm value was $5 million, the value assigned to the property under 2032A for estate tax purposes would be $7 million.
The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 made permanent the $5 million per person estate tax exemption indexed for inflation with any unused amount allowed to transfer to a spouse (portability). The estate and gift tax exemptions were unified. The maximum estate tax rate was set at 40 percent. Stepped-up basis, which was already permanent law, will continue.
Reps. Kristi Noem (R-S.D.) and Sanford Bishop (D-Ga.) have introduced legislation, H.R.631, the Death Tax Repeal Act of 2017, to repeal estate taxes while continuing the stepped-up basis. Farm Bureau supports.
Sen. John Thune (R-S.D.) has introduced companion legislation in the Senate as S. 205. Farm Bureau supports.
Farm Bureau believes that estate taxes should be eliminated permanently and opposes any roll back of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 and its $5 million exemption and 40 percent top rate. Farm Bureau opposes the collection of capital gains taxes at death and supports the continuation of unlimited stepped-up basis.
Farm Bureau supports removing the limitation on the amount that property values can be reduced under Special Use Valuation Section 2032A.
Farm Bureau believes that harvesting of timber can be likened to the harvesting of other agricultural commodities and therefore Section 2032A should be modified so that a timber sale does not trigger a recapture of estate taxes.
Farm Bureau believes that conservation easements are complementary to the Section 2032A purpose of continuing ownership of the farm as an operating farm and ranch business from one generation to the next. Therefore, Section 2032A should be modified so that the sale of a conservation easement does not trigger a recapture of estate taxes.

domain: law


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The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-9R was a motorcycle in the Ninja sport bike series from the Japanese.. The frame lost the steel engine cradles, but also its bolt-on subframe and the rear ride height adjuster.. The 1998 ZX9r C1 was the first stock production motorcycle to run a quarter mile in the 9s; running a 9.99 @ 136.8mph.


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I stayed at Pea Soup Anderson's for three days while attending a conference in the area. While I was initially a little nervous about the location (my ground floor room faced a gas station), I didn't have any issues with safety at all. I always traveled with friends from the conference after dark anyway, just in case. My score for... More
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Interviews / Stories
Interview: Photographer Stephen Wong (Australia)
Tell us something about yourself.
I’m from Sydney, Australia, where I work as a professional photographer. My photography is diverse. I shoot people, pets, live events, products, fashion, anything really… except weddings. I really love photographing the female nude. I discovered Andre de Dienes’s classic book, ‘Nudes, My Camera and I’, a long time ago, but I only got started in nude photography a few years ago when a friend asked me to photograph her. I think I’m addicted.
How and when did you get into photography?
My father's camera collection started my boyhood fascination with film photography. In the early 1980s, I upgraded my first SLR camera, a Mamiya NC1000s to the Canon A-1, which remained my camera of choice for 20 years until I converted to digital photography.
My experience in 1996 with one of the first consumer digital cameras, an Apple QuickTake 100 (built by Kodak), was disappointing. I only started to transition from film to digital when I bought an Olympus C-2500L a few years later. Nowadays, I shoot with a Canon 5D Mark III DSLR.
What does photography mean to you?
Well, obviously it’s my business. But, more importantly, it’s a passion. An obsession, really. I’m pretty hopeless with drawing and painting. I don’t play a musical instrument. I write, a little. So photography serves as an important creative outlet for me. Photography has taught me to value and to appreciate light. Without light, we are without sight.
Please briefly describe your photography style for our readers.
That’s difficult to answer. I don’t think I have a particular, obvious style. Maybe I do, but I don’t see it. I experiment all the time. I start off by emulating different photographic styles. And then I’ll mix in some of my own ingredients. For example, I love the Hollywood glamour images of George Hurrell, so I’ve been trying to recreate that similar look using Speedlites instead of hot lights.
Would you consider yourself a hobbyist or a paid professional?
Hah hah. Another question that I’ve already answered. Both. For me, photography is a professional and it’s also a hobby. At the moment, I would consider my art nude photography as mostly a hobby.
Where do you get inspiration from?
Everywhere, everything, and everybody!
I already mentioned George Hurrell. I also love Helmut Newton’s work. And I’m constantly inspired by the amazing nudes in landscape work of Australian photographers like Cam Attree, Mike Stacey, Mark Rhodes, and Tim Bradshaw, just to name a few. And how can I not be inspired when I get the opportunity to work with models like Ivory Flame, Zoë West, Anne Duffy, and Sylph Sia?
Do you think in advance what you want in the picture?
Usually. But overthinking a concept can hinder creative. At the same time, you need to have an idea or purpose. So I do quite a bit of preparation beforehand. I’ll consider the weather and the location. I’ll correspond with the model. We'll discuss wardrobe requirements (if any!), makeup, hair styles, props, poses, lighting and so on. Sometimes, I might create a mood board. But during the actual shoot, I'll let my intuition steer my creativity. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn’t. But that’s how I do it.
Studio, on location or both?
Both, but it really depends on what I’m trying to achieve. Whenever it’s possible, I prefer location shooting. It's challenging. It’s inspiring. And it’s a lot cheaper because I don’t have my own studio. I have a completely portable lighting setup using Speedlites, so it doesn't matter where I shoot. In fact, with my collapsible backdrop, I can set up a studio almost anywhere. a dance studio, a fitness gym, a hotel room. With high speed sync, I can create a virtual black box anywhere, which means I have full control on lighting. I can choose whether to include or exclude ambient light.
What has been your most memorable session and why?
My first collaboration with a professional model. I was so scared that I was going to make a complete fool of myself. But Blanca Brooke was an absolute gem. She was patient, friendly, professional and, of course, beautiful. The photo shoot went very well. Afterwards, while we were talking, I found out that Blanca had just been published as International Playmate Miss November South Africa 2014. Lucky I didn’t know this beforehand or I would have been petrified and would have probably dropped my camera during the shoot.
What has been the biggest source of inspiration in your work?
The models. When I work with a model, it’s very much a collaborative effort. It’s not just about their physical attributes, but it’s also about the model’s personality and their motivations. By interacting with them and talking with them, I draw inspiration from them, and together we try to capture that in our images. Shooting at an amazing location is also a good source of inspiration.
Nikon or Canon? Favorite lens?
I’ve already answered this question. I don't think it matters what camera you use. It's all about how you use it that matters. As to my favourite lens, it’s probably the one I use most often: Canon EF24-70mm f/2.8L II USM.
What is one piece of advice you would like to offer a new photographer looking to start their own business?
Have a good business and marketing plan. Seriously, no matter how good you are, creatively or technically, you need a strong business roadmap if you want to be successful. And, a bit of luck wouldn’t go astray either.
What do you think of our new magazine?
Brilliant. Modellenland magazine is a wonderful source of inspiration. Such beautiful images. And I love reading the interviews. And it gives photographers and models a fantastic opportunity to share their work and to promote themselves. The magazine industry has gone through significant changes. Many print magazines are no longer in circulation. Some have switched to wholly digital publications. It’s a brave new world. As the editor of the Australian Photographic Society Digital Division’s monthly magazine, I know how much effort is involved in producing a magazine. So congratulations and well done. And thank you for allowing me to be part of your magazine. It’s a real privilege. I wish you continued success.

domain: hobby


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Kale Tonic Recipe First Watch. Healthy lunch on the run healthy apple cake breakfast cookies. Delicious kale tonic juice from first watch!
Kale Tonic Juice Kale tonic first watch recipe, Banana from www.pinterest.com
Kale tonic first watch recipe. Serve the kale tonic juice in a glass with a few ice cubes. Stop by your local first watch and grab one or you can make your own great detox.
Kale Tonic Juice Kale tonic first watch recipe, Banana
#firstwatch #kaletonic #greenjuicehow to make a kale tonic from first watch.first watch kale tonic recipethe kale tonic craze might surpass the venti latté c. All cool recipes and cooking guide for first watch kale tonic recipe are provided here for you to discover and enjoy. 2 oz fresh beet juice, divided. Add your ingredients to a.
1 pc baby cucumber finely sliced. Alternative copycat juicer juicing kale tonic watch wo. Before you get started, it is essential to note that this recipe will yield more than one serving. Add a blend of two fuji apples into the mix. Healthy lunch on the run healthy apple cake breakfast cookies.
Add the cucumber to your kale tonic juice. Allow the smooth juice to drip through the strainer, removing any solids from the juice. What is in the first watch kale drink? Using your machine, juice everything but the lemons. 2 bunches of kale1 large lemon1/2 of 1 large cucumber5 fuji applesside note:remember.it is best to juice using o.


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Susan Franson, OD
Contact Lens Fittings
American Board of Optometry
Member of NJ Society
of Optometric Physicians
About Susan L. Franson, OD
Susan L. Franson, OD is a board certified optometric physician. She completed her undergraduate studies at Cook College, Rutgers University majoring in Bio-logical Sciences. She then received her Doctorate of Optometry from Southern College of Optometry in Memphis, Tennessee. She was a member of Beta Sigma Kappa, the International Optometric Honor Society.
Dr. Franson completed her ocular disease externship working closely with optometrists and ophthalmologists at Bennett and Bloom Eye Centers in Louisville, Kentucky, and her primary care externship at Richmond Eye Care Center in Richmond, Kentucky.
After returning to New Jersey, Dr. Franson worked in private practice until joining Bedminster Eye and Laser in 2009. Dr. Franson enjoys all aspects of patient care, but she has a particular interest in dry eye disease treatment and management. Dr. Franson is a member of the New Jersey Society of Optometric Physicians and the American Optometric Association.
Dr. Franson is married and welcomed a daughter in 2016. She is a frequent hiker of Round Valley Recreation Area, enjoys fine dining and leisurely motorcycle rides.

domain: medical


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Ask a question or
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Author: MARLING KARAL ANN Title: Tom Benton and his drawings. A biographical essay and a collection of his sketches, studies and mural cartoons.
Description: 2. Columbia, University of Missouri Press, 1985, large in-4°, square format, , (8)nn pp + 224 pp, index, ills.. Publisher's blue cloth with printed dustwrapper. .
Price: EUR 48.00 = appr. US$ 52.17 Seller: Antiquariaat Wim de Goeij
- Book number: 45291

domain: library


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Sep 21, 2015
RAMALLAH [MENL] -- The Palestinian Authority, amid rising unrest, hasdecided to dismiss four police officers accused of brutality.
Sep 18, 2015
WASHINGTON [MENL] -- The government has acknowledged another major failureof the Joint Strike Fighter.
Sep 06, 2015
CAIRO [MENL] -- Egypt has reported results in its campaign to collectillegal weapons in the Sinai Peninsula.
ABU DHABI [MENL] -- The United Arab Emirates has reported major casualtiesin the Saudi-led war in Yemen.

domain: news


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16 Aug 2012 • Book
Summer Special: Subscription Gifts
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With a one-year subscription to Frame, you can add Intentionallies or Wonderwall 2 for 70 per cent off.
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domain: literature


text: Have you been looking for a dish that is unique, maybe a little something different for your backyard barbecues? Are you tired of the same old baked beans and sour cream chip dip? This recipe is great for outdoor dining. It is crisp, zesty and even a bit spicy. It can be used as a dip for chips or served as a side dish.


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Centum PLC through its foundation has connected about 10,000 residents of Githogoro slum in Kiambu County to clean water.
Last year, Centum was offering food hampers, packaged to last families two weeks, to some 3,000 households whose livelihood.
Vipingo Development limited under current Centum MD Ken Mbae managed the distributions and donations from the foundation.
“Centum’s goal is to ease the pain for thousands of Kenyans who are struggling to put a meal on the table at this difficult time, if we all come together, we’ll overcome this pandemic,” said the Centum chief executive James Mworia in a statement.
“The donation will be done in collaboration with the County Government of Kiambu,” he added.
Residents of Githogoro, adjacent to Centum’s Two Rivers Mall, got four 10,000-litre tanks and fifty 100-litre tanks in the Sh3 million water project intended to help improve hygiene standards in the settlement, a key factor in curbing the spread of Covid-19.
“The Covid-19 pandemic marks an unprecedented time in modern history that will require the best of humanity to overcome. Our contribution as Centum Foundation to this fund will support immediate and long-term relief and recovery in vulnerable communities during one of the most challenging times we have collectively faced,” said Mr Mworia.
The coronavirus pandemic has disrupted the livelihood of millions of people across the country and globally as businesses close, suspend workers and cut salaries.