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Surveillance, Suppression, and Mass Detention: Xinjiang’s Human Rights Crisis
Uyghurs and other primarily Muslim ethnic minorities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) have been subjected to arbitrary detention, torture, egregious restrictions on religious practice and culture, and a digitized surveillance system so pervasive that every aspect of daily life is monitored—through facial recognition cameras, mobile phone scans, DNA collection, and an extensive and intrusive police presence. There are credible reports that as many as a million people are or have been detained in what are being called “political reeducation” centers, the largest mass incarceration of an ethnic minority population in the world today. There are recent reports of deaths in custody including suicides. Among those detained in these and other detention facilities are dozens of family members of Radio Free Asia (RFA) Uyghur Service journalists based in the United States, as well as family members of prominent Uyghur rights activist Rebiya Kadeer—amounting to attempts by the Chinese government to silence effective reporting on human rights conditions in the XUAR and Uyghur rights advocacy. This past year, under intrusive “home stay” programs, XUAR officials have also sent nearly a million Communist Party cadres and government workers to live with ethnic minority families in their homes for certain periods of time, carry out political indoctrination, and monitor their daily activities. Also troubling within the context of the crackdown is the extent to which international companies, who have reportedly supplied surveillance and biometric technology to Xinjiang authorities, may be unwittingly or wittingly complicit in these human rights abuses and privacy violations.
The hearing will look at the serious and deteriorating human rights situation faced by Uyghurs; examine the Chinese government’s efforts to build the world’s most advanced police state in the XUAR, and explore policy options to address these issues within U.S.-China relations.
While Trump’s ‘zero-tolerance’ immigration policy sparks controversy in the US, China is detaining hundreds of thousands of legal citizens for doing nothing wrong
The Trump administration’s “zero-tolerance” border policy, which initially led to the separation of about 2,300 children from their parents who were detained for crossing the US border illegally, has sparked widespread controversy and outrage.
But an ocean away, China has quietly been hauling off hundreds of thousands of its own citizens with little reason or access to recourse, breaking up thousands of families in the process.
These “reeducation camps” in the northwest Xinjiang province operate outside the court system and are designed to indoctrinate ethnic Uighur men and women with the will of the Chinese Communist Party and force them to abandon traditional Muslim beliefs and behaviors. Behavior that has regularly seen individuals detained include legally traveling abroad, speaking to loved ones overseas, or having a beard; some are taken for being born in the wrong decade, and many more for just being “susceptible” to “politically incorrect” thoughts.
Recent estimates put the number of people who have been, or are currently, interned since April 2017 in the hundreds of thousands, or even just over one million. Speaking anonymously, one official said last week that nearly half of one entire village has been detained, with “only children and old people” remaining.
Authorities have installed surveillance apps on residents’ phones and begun collecting DNA samples, fingerprints, and iris scans. They have also collected voice samples that may be used to identify who is speaking on tapped phone calls. There’s also 40,000 facial-recognition cameras that are being used to track, and block, the movement of Uighurs.
China is secretly imprisoning close to 1 million people — but they’ve left 2 big pieces of evidence behind
In the northwest Chinese region of Xinjiang, many locals read endlessly, write often, and sing loudly.
But not by choice.
In extrajudicial indoctrination camps around Xinjiang, ethnic Uighur men and women are forced to study Chinese history, write personal reflections, and sing songs like “Without the Communist Party, there is no New China.” Many are beaten, tortured, and are unable to go home.
China considers this process “re-education.” It runs outside the court system with people dragged away for infringements like talking to a loved one overseas or having a beard, and there is no course for appeal.
China: Families of up to one million detained in mass “re-education” drive demand answers
By Amnesty International– China must end its campaign of systematic repression and shed light on the fate of up to one million predominantly Muslim people arbitrarily detained in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR), Amnesty International said in a new briefing published today.
The past year has seen an intensifying government campaign of mass internment, intrusive surveillance, political indoctrination and forced cultural assimilation against the region’s Uighurs, Kazakhs and other predominantly Muslim ethnic groups. Most of the detainees’ families have been kept in the dark about their loved ones’ fate and are often too frightened to speak out.
“The Chinese government must not be allowed to continue this vicious campaign against ethnic minorities in northwest China. Governments across the world must hold the Chinese authorities to account for the nightmare unfolding in the XUAR,” said Nicholas Bequelin, Amnesty International’s East Asia Director.
“Families have suffered enough. Hundreds of thousands of families have been torn apart by this massive crackdown. They are desperate to know what has happened to their loved ones and it is time the Chinese authorities give them answers.”
In a new briefing, China: Where are they? Time for answers about mass detentions in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, Amnesty International highlights the anguish of people who have lost touch with relatives and friends inside the XUAR and who fear they have been detained.
The organization interviewed more than 100 people outside of China whose relatives in XUAR are still missing, as well as individuals who were tortured while in detention camps there.
The internment of predominantly Muslim ethnic groups in the XUAR has intensified since March 2017, when a “Regulation on De-extremification” was adopted in the region. Open or even private displays of religious and cultural affiliation, including growing an “abnormal” beard, wearing a veil or headscarf, regular prayer, fasting or avoidance of alcohol, or possessing books or articles about Islam or Uighur culture can be considered “extremist” under the regulation.
Travel abroad for work or education, particularly to majority Muslim countries, or contact with people outside China are also major reasons for suspicion. Male, female; young, old; urban, rural, all are at risk of being detained.
The ubiquitous security checks that are now a routine part of daily life for all in the XUAR provide ample opportunity to search mobile phones for suspicious content or check people’s identities using facial recognition software.
Individuals might come under suspicion through routine monitoring of messages sent on social media apps like WeChat, which does not use end-to-end encryption. Use of alternative messaging apps with encryption, such as WhatsApp, can also be a cause for detention.
The authorities label the camps as centres for “transformation-through-education”, but many simply call them “re-education camps”. Those sent to detention camps are not put on trial, have no access to lawyers or right to challenge the decision. Individuals could be left to languish in detention for months, as it is the authorities who decide when an individual has been “transformed”.
Kairat Samarkan was sent to a detention camp in October 2017, after he returned to the XUAR following a short visit to neighbouring Kazakhstan. Police told him he was detained because he was accused of having dual citizenship and had betrayed his country. He was released in February 2018.
Kairat told Amnesty that he was hooded, made to wear shackles on his arms and legs and was forced to stand in a fixed position for 12 hours when first detained. There were nearly 6,000 people held in the same camp, where they were forced to sing political songs and study speeches of the Chinese Communist Party. They could not talk to each other and were forced to chant “Long live Xi Jinping” before meals. Kairat told Amnesty that his treatment drove him to attempt suicide just before his release.
Those who resist or fail to show enough progress reportedly face punishments ranging from verbal abuse to food deprivation, solitary confinement, beatings and use of restraints and stress positions. There have been reports of deaths inside the facilities, including suicides of those unable to bear the mistreatment.
The authorities justify the extreme measures as necessary for counter terrorism purposes and to ensure national security. However, measures to protect citizens from attacks must be necessary and proportionate and as narrow and targeted as possible to address a specific threat.
“The mass detention camps are places of brainwashing, torture and punishment. A simple act of messaging your family abroad can get you detained highlights how ludicrous, unjustified and completely arbitrary the Chinese authorities’ actions are,” said Nicholas Bequelin.
Families torn apart
For months, relatives of the missing kept their anguish to themselves. They hoped the loss of contact with loved ones back home would be temporary. They feared making things worse if they sought outside help. Now, with no clear end in sight for their torment, more and more are willing to speak up.
Bota Kussaiyn, an ethnic Kazakh student studying at Moscow State University, last spoke with her father, Kussaiyn Sagymbai, over WeChat in November 2017. Originally from the XUAR, their family had re-settled in Kazakhstan in 2013.
Bota’s father had returned to China in late 2017 to see a doctor, but the authorities confiscated his passport after he arrived in the XUAR. Bota subsequently learnt from relatives there that her father had been sent to a “re-education camp”.
Her relatives in the XUAR were so afraid that further contact might put them under suspicion that they stopped communicating with her after that.
Bota told Amnesty: “My father is an ordinary citizen. We were a happy family before he was detained. We laughed together. We can’t laugh any more, and we can’t sleep at night. We live in fear every day. It has done great harm to my mother. We don’t know where he is. We don’t even know if he’s still alive. I want to see my father again.”
Many relatives and friends abroad report feelings of guilt, because it seems to be precisely these overseas connections that in many cases are causing their loved ones in the XUAR to fall under suspicion. The authorities accuse them of having ties to outside groups the Chinese government alleges promote “extremist” religious views or plot “terrorist activity”.
To avoid arousing such suspicion, Uighurs, Kazakhs and others inside the XUAR have reportedly been cutting all ties with friends and family living outside China. They warn acquaintances not to call and delete outside contacts from social media applications. Unable to get reliable information from home, many living abroad inevitably fear the worst.
When parents are taken away, children are left to suffer, with many families experiencing economic hardship. Older children might be sent to state-run vocational training centres, while younger ones can wind up in one of the massive “welfare centres” that have been constructed since 2017.
Adding to the pressure on those living abroad are aggressive efforts by Chinese security officials to recruit spies in overseas communities. Those targeted are reportedly threatened that if they do not cooperate, family members back in the XUAR will be detained. If they do cooperate, on the other hand, they receive promises that their loved ones will be treated leniently.
Not knowing who among the community living overseas might be reporting back to security authorities in China plants seeds of suspicion and distrust that take root and further feed the sense of isolation and fear.
“The Chinese authorities’ systematic campaign of suppression is having a devastating toll on the lives of millions of people. It’s time the authorities come clean about the camps and let families be reunited,” said Nicholas Bequelin.
OPEN LETTER TO GOOGLE: OUR CONCERNS OVER “PROJECT DRAGONFLY”
September 7, 2018
To: Sundar Pichai
Chief Executive Officer, Google
Dear Sundar Pichai,
I am writing from PEN America, the writers’ group dedicated to literature and free expression. As part of our mandate to cherish and safeguard the liberties that make free expression possible, we have been engaged in research and advocacy on the state of free expression in China for over a decade. Working in concert with colleague PEN organizations around the world, we have spotlighted the cases of individual dissidents and fought—at times successfully—for their freedom, carried out research and reporting on a broad array of policy issues, supported writers and artists under pressure in China, and engaged with an array of governments and multilateral institutions. Our research includes the March 2018 report, Forbidden Feeds: Government Controls on Social Media in China, an exhaustive analysis of the contemporary state of digital rights in China with a focus on social media and other internet service providers.
Given our work and research, we were concerned to learn that Google is pursuing the possibility of launching several major services for use within the People’s Republic of China (PRC), including, as we understand it, a filtered search engine, currently named “Dragonfly”; a filtered news app for Chinese markets; and a Google cloud storage service to be operated within China as a joint venture with a Chinese domestic company.
Based on our research and analysis, we have serious concerns about the ramifications of services proposed for launch within China. We understand that plans for these potential services have not been finalized, and we are aware of your own comments that the search engine in particular remains in an “exploration phase.” Additionally, we recognize that Google has vast experience in—and resources devoted to—acting ethically within difficult national contexts. We hope and trust that any final decisions about plans for entry into the Chinese market will be informed by due consideration for the serious human rights issues implicated, as well as by the values that have long been associated with the Google brand.
In light of our work on these issues, we feel compelled to express our concern that the current legal and regulatory structure within China would make it exceedingly difficult, if not functionally impossible, for Google to offer services in China while avoiding deleterious effects for free expression and other human rights. We acknowledge that there was a time when many believed that the entry of Western companies—including particularly those grounded in free expression and the spread of ideas—would inexorably lead to a gradual opening of Chinese society to allow more individual freedom. Over the last decade or more, however, that theory has been conclusively debunked as the expansion and globalization of China’s economy has corresponded with a period of tightening repression and state control.
Under these circumstances, the presence of a major, censored Google service within China runs the significant risk of further normalizing and fortifying the country’s censorship regime, sending a signal both to Chinese citizens and to autocratic neighbors that civic freedoms are secondary to market considerations, not only for the Chinese government but for Western companies as well. Additionally, a Google cloud storage service within China would be impossible to maintain without surrendering all legal safeguards protecting private user data from Chinese investigators and prosecutors who could use such data as evidence of “crimes against the state.”
We write this letter in order to voice these concerns in the hope that you will reconsider any plans that would further exacerbate the already grave climate for expression in China. In our assessment, it would not be possible for Google to launch these services within mainland China without enabling and legitimizing China’s censorship regime as a de facto accomplice. Furthermore, Google’s compliance with Chinese regulatory structure may place it in the position where it will be unable to guarantee the privacy of its users’ data, potentially exposing consumers to persecution by the Chinese state. Based principally on our research for our Forbidden Feeds report, we outline our principal concerns below:
Google Compliance with Censorship Directives
Google’s entry into China would require it to comply with local law, including censorship directives—estimated to number in the thousands annually—issued by both government and Chinese Communist Party organs.
Given the obligations that all internet service providers operating in China are expected to uphold, Beijing’s censorship apparatuses will foreseeably call upon Google to censor a variety of major issues, including ongoing human rights abuses, health and safety issues, and other “sensitive content,” including:
- The pervasive forced “re-education” of hundreds of thousands of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, western China, one of the most serious human rights abuses taking place globally. Human rights reporting on the subject is censored, while government media outlets promote an unchallenged, whitewashed narrative.
- Articles that call into question the voluntary nature of China’s “confessional videos,” where human rights defenders, journalists, and others publicly confess to crimes. It is widely acknowledged that these are forced confessions, though skeptical coverage is widely censored.
Additional examples of ongoing human rights abuses that will certainly be censored include:
- Self-immolations in Tibet;
- An epidemic of political activists dying during or shortly after their time in prison;
- Politically-motivated criminal charges and farcical trials against human rights lawyers, democracy activists, ethnic minority academics and writers, and others; and
- A continued trend of extrajudicial rendering of both Chinese and foreign citizens.
Censorship also extends to social concerns; for example, within China, #MeToo and related hashtags are censored, including through filtered search results, by governmental mandate.We recognize that Google has been at the forefront of lauding the role of the #MeToo movement as a catalyst for vital conversations on sexual violence and assault. If Google is forced to censor #MeToo within China, as seems virtually impossible to avoid given the strictures of government censorship, it will be enmeshed in silencing survivors of sexual assault and other forms of sexual abuse in a setting where their voices are in urgent need of a hearing.
Beyond this, Google’s compliance with censorship regulations has implications for the right to public access of health and safety information, given how Chinese regulators have imposed censorship of public health stories involving matters of life and death.
The most recent example is the vaccine safety scandal in which it was discovered that the drugmaker Changchun Changsheng Bio-Technology had sold hundreds of thousands of inferior vaccines for use in vaccinating children against life-threatening diseases. Internet censorship hampered public reporting on the story, delaying parents from learning that their children may have received inferior vaccines. In situations like these—situations which will inevitably repeat themselves in the future—compliance with Chinese governmental censorship entails deliberately withholding health and safety information essential to public welfare and safety.
We understand that Google often has to weigh different considerations when operating—or exploring the possibility of operating—in difficult national contexts. China is not the only country in which internet freedom is unduly restricted. In China, however, the issue is far more than the fact that Chinese internet censorship exists; it is that Chinese internet censorship is dynamic, constantly updated, and aggressively wielded by authorities as a tool for social and political control. Our research helps demonstrate the fact that Chinese regulators continually ramp up their enforcement of restrictions, shrinking the space for corporate discretion while simultaneously placing new categories of speech as off-limits. In other words, Chinese regulators will continually re-draft the obligations to which companies like Google must adhere, with the goal of forcing these companies into ever-more-extensive compliance with its censorship regime.
Google Services and China’s Criminalization of Free Speech and Opinion
Beyond participation in China’s censorship regime, Google’s offering of services within China—most notably its Google cloud services—would place large quantities of personal user data within the jurisdictional reach of Chinese investigative and prosecutor authorities.
As you are no doubt aware, Chinese law criminalizes vast categories of free expression.Additionally, the Chinese Communist Party is engaged in an increasingly strident campaign against dissidents, minority rights advocates, and others that authorities view as “troublemakers.” In this campaign, the judicial system is wielded as an instrument of state control, often resulting in outrageous criminal penalties for those who peacefully exercise their right to criticize the government.
Given all this, we are gravely concerned that Google data would be used by Chinese authorities to target those it deems to be acting as “enemies of the state,” including through criminal prosecution. While all countries have legal processes to compel internet companies like Google to turn over user data, China’s extensive criminalization of free speech means that internet companies would almost inevitably facilitate human rights violations if they complied with government requests to hand over private user information.
The 2007 cases of writer Wang Xiaoning and journalist Shi Tao, who were sentenced to 10 years imprisonment on the basis of private emails criticizing the government—information that Yahoo! handed over to criminal investigators—remain a painful example of the dangers of internet service providers’ cooperation with Chinese authorities. Today, the political restrictions on speech have only gotten worse, while China’s legal framework to compel such corporate cooperation has been dramatically strengthened.
There is ample legal basis for Chinese prosecuting authorities to demand users’ search history—as well as other electronic data—from Google for use in criminal proceedings. Additionally, search and/or click-through results could conceivably be used as evidence of severity in libel cases, given the Chinese Supreme People’s Court’s 2013 holding that “severe criminal libel” is dependent on how many times offending speech has been clicked on or forwarded.
Further, China’s Cybersecurity Law not only compels foreign firms to store Chinese user data within Chinese legal jurisdiction, but also—at Article 47—obligates network operators to stop or prevent the transmission of “illegal” information, including free expression that nonetheless violates Chinese law. The Cybersecurity Law also imposes an affirmative obligation on these operators to disclose such “illegal” speech, upon its discovery, to relevant authorities.
Government regulators have already taken significant action against Chinese companies, including search engine company Baidu, for insufficient enforcement of Article 47. We are concerned that, should Google launch its above-mentioned services within China, it would become exceedingly and increasingly difficult for Google to risk its investments through a principled stand against government access to private user data.
In Xinjiang and Tibet, two areas of China under severe religious and cultural restriction, indications of “separatist” or “subversive” inclinations can result in government harassment and punishment. In Xinjiang, particularly, evidence of religious “radicalization” is enough to land one in a “re-education” camp, with no due process and no opportunity for redress.
In such situations, even search information could conceivably be used as evidence of a crime; for example, a Uyghur may mark him or herself as potentially “infected” with “religious extremism” simply by searching out message boards to discuss Quranic verses. A Tibetan monk may draw the suspicion of the State simply for Google searching “Dalai Lama birthday celebrations,” given that Tibetans have been imprisoned for holding such celebrations.
China’s digital regulatory structure has been designed to deny companies like Google any meaningful discretion to refuse authorities’ data requests. However, if Google accedes to these orders, it may enable the further victimization of people and populations already under unjustifiable restriction. PEN America can list a series of examples of Chinese citizens who have been prosecuted for their online speech. This list includes people like Uyghur scholar Ilham Tohti, who is serving a life sentence for writing about Uyghur minority rights; Tibetan poet Shokjang, who was imprisoned for years for his online essays on freedom of religion; and of course Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo, who was sentenced in part for his role in drafting the online “Charter 08” petition. The prospect of Google being involved in aiding the Chinese government to build cases against the likes of these minority voices and human rights advocates is grievous.
PEN America’s Queries
Given these concerns, we would like to pose the following questions to Google regarding specific policies and practices with which we believe Google would be called upon to comply in China should it mount its reportedly considered operations there. We hope these queries are helpful in elucidating some of the dilemmas that we can expect would arise, and would appreciate any response that you can provide.
Google and Censorship Directives Compliance
- Would Google comply with censorship directives from agencies of the Chinese government?
- Would Google comply with directives from the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party?
- Would Google filter critical information regarding Xinjiang “re-education camps” from its search results?
- Would Google filter critical information regarding coerced confessions from its search results?
- Would Google filter out coverage of other ongoing human rights concerns from its search results?
- Would Google filter information regarding #MeToo from its search results?
- Would Google filter information relevant to ongoing health and safety concerns, including information that may have life-or-death implications, on the orders of the Chinese government?
Google and Search Requests Compliance
- Would Google comply with requests for search history and related information from Chinese authorities? Would Google comply with requests for data on how often a website has been accessed through Google Search or Google News?
- Would Google comply with Chinese regulators’ requests for search data in Xinjiang, knowing that even search terms like “nearby mosques” are sufficient to result in a person’s extra-legal detention?
- Would Google comply with Chinese regulators’ requests for search data in Tibet, knowing that even search terms like “Dalai Lama birthday” are sufficient to result in increased scrutiny and possible prosecution?
Google Data and Cybersecurity Law
- Would Google comply with the Cybersecurity Law by keeping private user information related to its developed Google search engine and news aggregator on servers located within the jurisdiction of the PRC?
- Would Google comply with Chinese authorities’ orders to turn over private user data in connection with criminal investigations, including in cases where the alleged “crime” is related to freedom of opinion and expression?
- Does Google intend to comply with Article 47 of the Cybersecurity Law, which requires that it affirmatively report “illegal” speech to government regulators?
We are sending this letter in the spirit of open, honest discourse to present our concerns at an early opportunity as Google reportedly continues to evaluate its potential course of action. We know you are currently conducting ongoing conversations with civil society organizations through the Global Network Initiative, of which PEN America is a member, as well as in other fora. We appreciate those efforts and welcome the possibility of dialogue with you as you evaluate these essential issues.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
CEO, PEN America
 See e.g. Forbidden Feeds: Government Controls on Social Media in China, PEN America (March 2018) [Hereinafter “Forbidden Feeds,”] at pp. 30-31.
 See e.g. Forbidden Feeds, at pp. 29-30.
 See e.g. Liu Xin, “Xinjiang Policies Justified,” Global Times, August 13, 2018.
 See e.g. Scripted and Staged: Behind the Scenes of China’s Forced TV Confessions, Safeguard Defenders (April 2018).
 See e.g. Nithin Coca, “The Slow Creep and Chilling Effect of China’s Censorship,” The Daily Dot, August 20, 2016.
 See e.g. James Tager, “They Killed Him: Denial of Medical Care in China and the Literary Conscience,” HuffPo, November 15, 2017.
 See e.g., “China: On ‘709’ Anniversary, Legal Crackdown Continues,” Human Rights Watch, July 7, 2017.
 See e.g. Zach Dorfman, “The Disappeared,” Foreign Policy, March 29, 2018.
 See e.g. Forbidden Feeds, at pp. 25, 40, 48-49. See additionally Javier C. Hernandez & Zou Mou, “’Me Too,’ Chinese Women Say. Not So Fast, Say the Censors,” The New York Times, January 23, 2018; Petra Cahill & Dawn Liu, “Chinese Feminists Push #MeToo Movement Amid Censorship,” NBC News, May 3, 2018; Madeleine Ngo, “#MeToo is Growing in China, Despite Government Efforts to Stop it,” Vox, July 27, 2018.
 E.g. Kinling Lo, “China censors social media posts about vaccine scandal, monitor says, as tabloid suggests issue has been overblown,” South China Morning Post, July 25, 2018; “Censors jump into action as China’s latest vaccine scandal ignites,” AFP, July 22, 2018; Ben Westcott & Serenitie Wang, “Chinese state pushes back against widespread outrage over vaccine crisis,” CNN, July 25, 2018; Shannon Liao, “Chinese internet users employ the blockchain to share a censored news article,” The Verge, July 24, 2018.
 See e.g. Forbidden Feeds, at p. 21.
 See e.g. Forbidden Feeds at pp. 18-19.
 See e.g. Cholpon Orozobekova, “China’s War on Dissent,” The Diplomat, August 30, 2017; Tom Mitchell, “Xi’s China: Smothering Dissent,” Financial Times, July 27, 2016 ; Julie Makinen, “China’s Crackdown on Dissent is Described as the Harshest in Decades,” Los Angeles Times, August 10, 2016.
 See e.g. David Barboza, “Chinese Dissident, Jailed on Evidence Provided by Yahoo!, Is Freed,” The New York Times, August 31, 2012.
 See e.g. Forbidden Feeds at p. 19.
 Article 47: Network operators shall strengthen management of information published by users and, upon discovering information that the law or administrative regulations prohibits the publication or transmission of, they shall immediately stop transmission of that information, employ handling measures such as deleting the information, prevent the information from spreading, save relevant records, and report to the relevant competent departments. Translation from DigiChina Initiative, New America (June 29, 2018), at https://www.newamerica.org/cybersecurity-initiative/digichina/blog/translation-cybersecurity-law-peoples-republic-china/
 See e.g. Forbidden Feeds, at p. 22.
 See e.g. “China: Big Data Fuels Crackdown in Minority Region,” Human Rights Watch, February 26, 2018.
 See e.g. Xinjiang Political ‘Re-Education’ Camps treat Uyghurs ‘Infected by Religious Extremism’: CCP Youth League,” Radio Free Asia, August 8, 2018.
 See e.g. “Nine Tibetans Sentenced for Organizing Dalai Lama Birthday Celebrations,” Free Tibet, December 12, 2016.


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1 MIN. DE LECTURA
MEXICO CITY, Nov 12 (Reuters) - Shares in America Movil fell more than 1 pct early on Wednesday after AT&T's chief executive said the American company does not need to acquire assets of Mexican tycoon Carlos Slim's telecoms giant to succeed in the country.
America Movil shares were trading 1.01 percent lower at 15.75 pesos each.
Reporting by Jean Luis Arce

domain: finance


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The Jalopy Journal
Discussion in 'The Hokey Ass Message Board' started by Pair O' Dice, Oct 10, 2008.
Here's my '51 F1 stretch limo with hot-tub photoshop pic.
Not only is that cool but its the first F1 I've seen with a pair of headlights in the bed!
Not only is that cool but its the first F1 I've seen with a couple of pairs of headlights in the bed!
P.S. I like your real truck by the way!
Thanks mr. Btrsweet
Allright guys I would like to see if you can do anything with my panel truck. Might be hard because its so many different colors? I was thinking a solid non metallic blue /gray? Maybe a gloss or satin navy blue? Whatever you artistically gifted guys think. Thanks! Damn thought I had better pictures. If you can work your magic it would be appreciated...
Ok, this is the only decent pic i have so far. I was wondering what it would look like chopped a couple inches or so without the fenders and lower with www's. If I need different pics, let me know. Thanks
Here ya go lol enjoy
well done btrsweet. thank you...It changes everything seeing it all one color! If I had the skills Im pretty sure I could waste all day changing colors...If anyone else would like to tweak it with different colors, scallops, laced roof or anything else that would be awesome!
Could I get some help please ? I'm just about ready to go to paint . I'm planning on running the body in black satin and the roof in a shiny Brandywine pearl..Could I see that?
BUT the car came out so well I'm thinking its almost a shame not to give it shiny paint all over Could I see Brandywine body and cream roof..and Black shiney body Brandywine roof...and just all brandywine..if some one would be so kind. Use whatever pic works best....and Thanks!
Sorry all gonna be my last post on this string. pooped out with Photophop....
Thanks James K
That's too bad man, I think I can safely say that we all enjoy and appreciate your work here!
That can happen.
Hope you find your enthusiasm again sometime James, you got really good at this.
Would anyone want to change my taillights? Im open to anything except Caddy 59 ones..
Also some other color maybe?
What were the diagonal cuts around the wheel arches for?
I'd think twice about the flames. That Nash doesnt need anything to 'stand-out'.. sometimes (most of the time) adding things isnt better. Clean and understated really suits the body and style of that car... I think it looks perfect as it is.
I stretched the rearfenders 20cm and they wouldnt fit anymore so I tried a little cutting and welding.. I have never done any bodywork before this Volvo so the fenderstretching and roofchop has been som interesting experiences
Heres a few quick one for you Jesse. Sorry I didnt have time for details and gloss look, but hopefully this helps
Here's what you said in your post "can somebody flake this in blue or a darker blue lower it with chrome wheels on it thanks"
That's exactly what he did.
Can one of you gurus take a pic of a 55 chevy step side and put the "radiused" rear wheel well from a 67-72 chevy pickup onto the 55 rear fender and then put 1 ton wheels under it, dual rear single front? I will attach pics that may work....or not!!! I'm considering building a 55-57 chevy step side for a daily driver shop truck, would more than likely use 1 ton 4x4 running gear and have a early holmes pick up wrecker boom in the back. I've got the boom, a 57 pickup, and have a chance at a 88 1 ton 4x4 with a dump bed(future dump trailer!) that I can take the axles out from under for really cheap!
Now you say it its obvious.
Ive thought about what to do with those cars before, the one thing that botheres me the most about them is the slope of the boot, how it doesnt match the slope of the rear quareter fenders. So id lower the top of the boot and raise the back so its more inline.
Guy in the uk made a fat bonnet which I love
id put that on the front and do this with the rear.
so you want the rear wheel well of the second one putting on the first one, but what do you want taking off the third one? the wheels? or the whole subframe to make the tri chevy stand higher?
Good Job !
What can you do with this '49 Nash ? My Brothers thinks it is ugly. LOL I like different.
I hear ya James, but don't leave entirely. I haven't been around much for awhile myself for similar reasons, except on a few other threads, but I still like to do photoshop and see what y'all are doing on this thread. Just pace yourself; we can still help our fellow HAMBers who have ideas but can't photoshop them. Aloha, Eli
P.S. Just had an idea, how about a photoshop counseling group, complete with tequila shooters and Hooters girls? No?
Oh man, I remember riding in one of these when I was a little kid. You're brother is right, its ugly, but I can't resist the challenge! Anyone else up to it? Lets see what we all can come up with!
Are you saying that you like it & just want wheels & paint
or that you want some radical restyle to make it attractive to your brother? I dont know what much you can do with them really.
A side shot would be much easier to work with. I notice youre an artist yourself, download a copy of gimp and you can learn to do it yourself.
mmmm,this is an interesting thread!!
Wonder what you experts could do with a 31 model A pick up?
My plan is to build it like 50-60's era show rod.
Nothing too radical cause i the law is pretty harsh here in Belgium,and i would love to get it on the road!
I was thinking on using the rear end of some US car that hardly gets noticed,hope you guys understand what i mean?and would love to see a radical grilleshell.
Can anyone help me out???
Yes, the rear wheel well of the second truck on the first, then not sure how or what but at least the wheels and tires from the third one under the first. What I would be using in reality is the front and rear axels and tire/wheel combo from the third truck under the first. Thanks...
Separate names with a comma.

domain: hobby


text:
Cryptocurrency trading in South Korea with Ran Neu-Ner
11 May 2018 | 12:59 pm
In this episode of Cryptotrader looks at crypto trading in South Korea and interviews the biggest names in the Crypto World.
17 Mar 2021
Kim Yo Jong, the sister of the North Korean dictator, lashed out at Washington as top US diplomatic and military representatives are set to visit Seoul.
20 Mar 2021
The US secretaries of state and defense are in Seoul for talks on regional security. North Korea's nuclear ambitions will be high on the agenda, as will China's growing territorial assertiveness.
1 Apr 2021
From a converted storeroom on the roof of his mother's Seoul apartment, Kim Min-kyo plays video games for up to 15 hours a day -- and makes a fortune from the thousands of fans watching him. Livestreamers, known as "Broadcast Jockeys" or BJs in South Korea, are hard-wired to the digital infrastructure of youth culture. They entertain for hours with an interactive mishmash of chat, gaming, dance, music, eating, getting drunk or even just sleeping. Top livestreamers enjoy subculture celebrity among teens and 20-somethings, who consider them more relatable than traditional media stars.
11 Apr 2021
A worsening relationship between North and South Korea is not the only hurdle the rivals will need to overcome to win the bid, which aims to promote "world peace through sports."
17 Apr 2021
The Japanese government has approved a controversial plan to release radioactive water from the wrecked Fukushima nuclear plant into the ocean. South Korea expressed 'strong regret' over the decision.
29 Apr 2021
Resource-poor South Korea wants to spend billions on wind power to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, but its plans are being delayed by fishermen who say the fight against climate change threatens their catches.
25 May 2021
US President Joe Biden has said he's "under no illusions" about the difficulty of getting North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons.
3 Jun 2021
Seoul has threatened to boycott the Tokyo Olympic Games over an ongoing territorial dispute. South Korea filed a complaint after the release of a map marking remote islands between Japan and the Korean Peninsula.
4 Jun 2021
South Korea is boosting efforts to recycle plastics in the country. At special centres, used PET bottles are recycled and transformed into products such as clothes, food containers, and cosmetic bottles.
17 Jul 2021
Gym-goers work out in Seoul, where Covid restrictions have been brought in that include banning upbeat songs during group exercises and applying a speed limit on treadmills in a bid to slow the spread of Covid-19.
18 Aug 2021
As the US and other countries withdraw development staff and aid, China's regional rivals are watching whether Beijing can extend its sphere of influence by building ties with a new Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
16 Sep 2021
South Korea's ministry of defence releases footage of a successful a submarine ballistic missile launch, making the country the seventh in the world with the advanced technology and raising the prospect of a regional arms race. The test, supervised by President Moon Jae-in, comes hours after nuclear-armed North Korea fired two ballistic missiles into the sea, according to the South's military, and as China's foreign minister visited Seoul.
45 mins ago
Rising production costs and logistical issues could lead to a beer bottle shortage, breweries say. Small and mid-sized breweries are likely to be most affected.
45 mins ago
The latest figures put pollution on par with smoking in terms of global deaths. In comparison, COVID-19 killed about 6.7 million people globally since the pandemic began.
1 hour ago
Russian forces pulling back from around Kharkiv: Fanny Facsar reports
3 hours ago
Spain could become the first European country to cover sick leave for workers experiencing period pain. The draft law, which still has to pass through Parliament, has sparked a debate.
3 hours ago
Twitter has published an account of its deal with Elon Musk suggesting his concerns about "fake users" only arose after setting a price. The Tesla mogul's takeover is not yet complete, with Musk calling it into question.

domain: politics


Did the selection of an unfit Robin van Persie point to the pressure on David Moyes, asks Daniel Storey.
Follow the latest from the written press with the best gossip and speculation from the papers.
James McCarthy was key in Everton's highly impressive performance at Arsenal, writes Peter Fraser.
Download our podcast as Neil Reynolds and Jeff Reinebold talk about the big NFL issues.
"Gazza used to pinch our clothes" - ex-Everton man Alan Stubbs looks back on his playing days.
|OR||Horse||Last 6 Ratings||Last winning||Highest winning|
|-||Mrs Jonesy And Me (USA)||
|-||Kiss In The City (USA)||
|-||Little by Little (USA)||
|-||Inquiry Miss (USA)||
|-||Daisy Mint (USA)||
|1||Mrs Jonesy And Me (USA)|
|2||Kiss In The City (USA)|
|3||Little by Little (USA)|
|4||Inquiry Miss (USA)|
|5||Daisy Mint (USA)|


text:
Nick Clegg's position as leader has probably strengthened over the last 2 weeks, with a relatively quiet conference, the apology and the anti Nick campaign being fronted by Lembit. The received wisdom in the press (and in the bar gossip) seems to be that he has a year to turn the polls round.
So it's interesting jus how many names are now being bandied about in the media as potential next leaders of the party. And I thought it might be fun to keep track between now and next Full Conference 2013 of the names I hear mentioned..
In the last month I have heard six names from various credible sources. They are:
Chris Huhne (huge caveats obviously apply)
I have also in recent months heard a seventh in a potential 'caretaker' capacity - Charles Kennedy. So that's over 10% of the parliamentary party to date.
One name I haven't heard yet - but expect to - is David Laws.
Who knows what other names will emerge...
Jennie Rigg has an interesting analysis of the runners and riders over at her blog - including a few names I haven't yet read in the mainstream press - but may well do!
Even as I was writing this a new name has appeared, courtesy of the Sunday Times: Danny Alexander
So that's 8 names and counting..,

domain: news


8/5/2020 8:23:00 AM BREAKING: Windom City Council OKs rezoning needed for apartment complex
At last night's regular meeting, the Windom City Council approved the rezoning of the EDA's spec building property from light industrial to residential.
The move paves the way for a developer to remodel the spec building into an apartment complex. The property sale hinged on rezoning.
Some residents opposed the project, based on traffic concerns and potential fire safety issues related to the fact that there is just one outlet on the road leading to the spec building. The building is located just north of the Windom Community Center.
Including the purchase of the building and six acres, this is a $2 million project, according to Windom Economic Development Director Drew Hage.
For more on this story, see the Aug. 12 Cottonwood County Citizen and Citizen eEdition.
Watch www.windomnews.com for regular weekday updates at 8 a.m./noon/5 p.m., plus BREAKING stories at other times during the day and on weekends. Follow CoCoCitizen @CitPub on Twitter.


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Injectable Nose Job
What is the problem?Many people are fixated about their nose to a point where they would consider surgery. Using a non-surgical approach, the nose can be straightened through low density filler injectables. Focusing on lumps, bumps or hooks, the profile of the nose is smoothed and plumped from top, tip and base.
Age of onset

domain: medical


text:
The smart Trick of Gainbitcoin Pvt Ltd That No One is Discussing
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Trying to make 1 good 203 out of 2 and need a little help. Does the mile marker part time kit come with a torrington roller brg set, and if so where does it go, on the shaft that has 123 needle brgs next to the cooper thrust washer. The case i had was not converted and the second had been converted, but was dissasembled when i got it. Any pics i see of the MM kit it has them but i need to know where they go for sure. Hate to reset all those needle brgs if they do/don't go on that shaft.


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"Healthcare professionals can now use Vaxzevria as a third dose in patients who have previously received doses of Vaxzevria or an EU-approved messenger RNA vaccine."
The European Medicines Agency gave clearance on Thursday "after a sufficient body of evidence demonstrating an increase in immune response after a third dose of Vaxzevria" following two doses of Astrazeneca's vaccine or another approved in EU, according to a statement on the agency's website.
This green light should give a boost to sales of the vaccine, which had helped boost sales of the pharmaceutical giant in the first quarter, even if the group had said it expected a sharp drop in sales of its drugs against Covid-19. 19 over the rest of the year as "the threat (of the virus) recedes".
The vaccine created in collaboration with the University of Oxford was not the choice of the British government for its recall campaign (it offers serums from Pfizer and Moderna as a priority), although it had been one of the first placed on the market in the United Kingdom, where it had been favored for the campaign of the first two doses.
Vaxzevria is, however, a possible option for people who have already received it on their first two doses in the UK.
It is also not approved in the United States.
Aztrazeneca said at the end of April that it had distributed 2.9 billion doses of Vaxzevria worldwide, which is approved in a number of countries outside the EU, particularly in Asia and South America.
Astrazeneca had put its vaccine on the market at cost price and had started to take a profit a few months ago, while ensuring that the latter would remain low on this product.
In the first quarter, Vaxzevria's sales reached $1.145 billion.
For comparison, those of its American rival Pfizer reached 13.2 billion dollars over the same period.
The vaccine had suffered in early 2021 from a controversy following a series of cases of post-injection thrombosis, and distribution problems had led to a conflict with the EU.
For its part, the Franco-Austrian laboratory Valneva announced a few days ago a new step towards the authorization of its vaccine candidate against Covid-19 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
© 2022 AFPKeywords:


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The Cambodian SOS Children's Village Association was founded in 2000. The organisation first started working with children without parental care in the capital city of Phnom Penh. Due to the high levels of poverty and deprivation in the country, the organisation has continued to grow and now supports children, young people and families in six locations in Cambodia.
Social and economic problems continue to affect children's development
Celebrating the laying of the cornerstone (photo: SOS archives)
Kratie is a small town situated on the Mekong River north-east of the capital of Phnom Penh. Around 70 per cent of the population lives in rural areas, surviving off subsistence farming or fishing. Although some improvements have been made in recent years, the region remains underdeveloped and over one third of its inhabitants are poor. It is estimated that 30 per cent of households live on less than one US dollar a day.
The physical and emotional development of children is negatively affected by these harsh social and economic conditions. A significant number of children are malnourished and are subsequently underweight and small for their age. The provincial infant mortality rates of 97 per 1,000 live births, and child mortality rates of 80/1,000, are significantly higher than the national average. There is a high incidence of curable illnesses but medical treatment is often not easily available. For example, around half of all children are delivered without the help of a trained professional. The high rates of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS are worrying.
Some parents struggle to put food on the table. Children from poor families often do not go to school, but are expected to work in order to contribute to the family income. Children who live in a female-headed household are particularly vulnerable as women tend to have less access to land and, due to limited education, fewer means of making a living. Children are at risk of exploitation and violence, sometimes at the hands of human traffickers who operate in the area.
Providing families with support and children with loving care
Years of conflict resulted in stressful social and economic conditions in Cambodia, which have a huge impact on family life. Many fall apart, leaving countless children without parental care. Many others are at risk of losing parental care unless families are given the support they need to stay together. The provision of family strengthening programmes and family-based care allows children the possibility of experiencing the support of a loving mother and siblings.
What we do in Kratie
Children playing in the garden of their new loving homes. (photo: SOS archives)
SOS Children's Villages runs a number of programmes in Kratie. Our programmes are designed to meet the needs of the families who live in the area. The family strengthening programme works in conjunction with local agencies, and aims to support families at risk of abandoning their children and to encourage them to stay together. The programmes are designed to ensure that children have access to essential services, such as education and health care. Families are given training and assisted with income generation schemes.
For children whose families can no longer take care of them SOS Children's Villages provides a loving home in one of the twelve SOS families, where they grow up with their brothers and sisters and be cared for by an SOS mother. It is common that the children in our care have not been to school at all, or only intermittently, and so we prepare them to join mainstream education.
The children attend the SOS Kindergarten, where they are taught together with children from local families. To parents who have to earn a living it is very important to have professional day-care for their children, so that they are not forced to leave them unattended while they are at work. Older children attend the local schools.

domain: sociology


Manned vs Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Combat Essay
The F9F Panther became the first Navy manned jet fighter to shoot down another fighter in 1947 (Pike). Through 2040, the F-35 will be the premier strike aircraft, second only to the F-22 Raptor (Jean). These manned jets are employed for air superiority, neutralizing enemy aircraft, and providing air support. Manned aircraft are equipped with copious types of ordinances for a variety of situations that the UAV’s are lacking. Those ordinances used for day and night strikes include precision guided weapons, anti- air warfare, fighter escort, close air support, suppression of enemy air defense, maritime strike, reconnaissance, forward air control, and capabilities as a tanker (Weitz). Military victory is dependent on the flexibility to protect allied airspace, as well as eliminating ground targets that only manned aircraft can provide.
The deployment of UAV’s has only recently started, making its first appearance in 1999 (Colon). According to the United States Department of the Navy, unmanned aircraft make up one percent of the United State’s aerial inventory. Raul Colon wrote in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Brief Look at the United States UAV-RPA Strategic Vision, “UAV’s have been used by the


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DIY Globe Light Fixture Cover
After I completed the wall mounted-pallet shelf, I updated some of the light fixtures including the one in the sitting room…
Allen + Roth Edison Oil Rubbed Bronze
However, the glass on this specific light is very thin and it cracked during the final stages of assembly, just by screwing in the light bulb. The crack was located in such a way that it wasn’t safe. I feared the entire glass piece was going to come crashing down.
So, one rainy day, I gathered some supplies from around the house and created a new cover? fixture? globe? well, northern hemisphere at least.
Here is what I did:
- LOW WATTAGE light bulb
- old globe (I have an addiction. I can’t pass up a globe at the thrift store, thus a collection on hand.)
- craft paint (I had DecoArt’s Patio Paint/rich espresso on hand.) A high heat/temperature paint is a better, safer option.
- double fold bias tape (Again…I had brown left over from a patio cushion project.)
- hot glue
- Edited to add: Flameproof coating
- Utility knife
- Needle-nose pliers
- Glue gun
- Craft paint brush
I started by disassembling the globe by gently pulling the frame from the north/south pole. My globe popped right out.
I also chose a globe that wasn’t in the best shape, so the north and south hemispheres just pulled apart. (Cut seam along the equator with a utility knife if needed.)
Next, using a Sharpie, I traced the fitting (or draw a circle the size of where the globe will be held into place on the light fixture).
I used a utility knife to remove some of the map/cardboard and discovered a metal circle underneath. I was able to remove it with pliers. Then cut away the rest of the cardboard/paper with a pair of scissors.
I painted the inside of my globe and let it dry (well, sort of. I may have been too eager to move on to the next step)…
Then attached the bias tape around the perimeter with hot glue.
Since I was impatient with waiting for paint to dry and had a little “oopsy”…paint on the bias tape, I used a Sharpie to create a design to distract from the accidental smudge. Imperfection adds character.
Ready to install.
Heading to the basement: This is also the path to the basement and I can breathe a sigh of relief that the cracked glass isn’t going to hurt someone when it comes crashing down or that it’s no big deal if my 6’2″ husband carrying a ladder accidentally hits the globe. I kept worrying he’d ‘ding’ that thin glass on his way through…now, it’s okay.
It fits with the style of our sitting room too…
Easy enough. (Would also work as a lamp shade…decorative only.}
Mystikit: Purchase the materials and tools needed to make this half globe light fixture cover.
*more DIY projects in this space:
- repurposed bookcase to pet gate/sign
- no sew drop cloth script curtains
- pipe curtain rod
- painted upholstered chairs
- his & hers painted pillow covers
- fairy garden/spring terrarium
- how to get an area rug to lay flat
- wall mounted pallet shelf
*This light shade is mainly decorative. In our home, it is rarely turned on for more than a few minutes at a time. Please do your homework and consider safety in your own home before using a globe as a light fixture.
Home Stories A to Z Tips & Tutorials party
What an amazing idea! I have been going back and forth on what light fixture to put in our study and this is the perfect thing! Thanks so much!
Super cute – I love this idea!
So cute! What a nice outcome from a broken fixture. My husband would absolutely love it as he has a fascination with maps and globes. Thanks for sharing & blessings to you, Patti
I love that! What an awesome idea!
This light fixture cover is awesome! How clever you are!
Very cool Roeshel!!
Roeshel, I am absolutely in love with this project! Your instructions are perfect and the use of bias tape around the edge is a great idea. I have a couple of globes and now you have me thinking! Thanks so much for the inspiration!
What a great idea
I love it!!
Roeshel, I love this! What a great idea. It looks perfect in the room! (You’re giving me an idea for a small lampshade…)
THAT is TOO COOL!!!! I love it!! I’m mentally picturing where I can do this at in my house. Thanks for sharing!!
ROESHEL! This is fabulous! Love it! 🙂
This is very attractive and right up my alley. That said, I contemplated the very same thing, but consulted a seasoned lamp maker, as I was worried about fire safety. Not to rain on your parade, but I wonder how much of a fire hazard this light fixture is. I made my own as well, but did not use it, as I was afraid of burning down the house. I hope that you, too, can see that this may not be a safe light fixture for the possibility of causing an unintended fire (especially since the inside is only cardboard – highly flammable). My consultation with the lamp maker did yield one way to possibly make this work. She suggested that a seven (7) inch diameter hole be cut out of the top (essentially the Arctic Circle [or Antarctic Circle, dependent upon which end of the globe you are using) to aid in the escape of heat from the light bulb. I wish you the best and love this idea. It really does look lovely in the room, but I worry for your and your family’s safety. I hope you take my comment with the spirit of which was intended and not as a criticism.
Thanks, Christine! This light is practically never turned on in our home (out of the way space, filled with light from French doors and a window during the day and the dining room fixture lights up this space at night). But I have edited the post to mention using a high heat/high temperature paint and a flameproof coating (which I just ordered through Amazon to coat my fixure) as well as a low wattage bulb.
Thanks. I even suggested the same (high heat paint and low wattage bulb) to the lighting expert and she cringed and suggested it was better to be safe than sorry. I appreciate you responding and editing your post with an abundance of caution. It does look great!
I love this interesting ceiling light shade and would love it as a lamp shade, too. Thanks for the great tutorial.
Guess I am glad someone else thought of safety because I wouldn’t have… I was totally taken by how fabulous and adorable it looks and how well styled your whole room is. I often buy old lamps and fix them up and if I don’t trust the wiring on them I just don’t plug them in… I love it!!
So super cute! It is the perfect addition to the room! Life to the full! Melissa
That is so pretty and very clever. I want one now, but where I would put it is a mystery in itself. I really do love it and wish I had a globe now.
This is such a cute idea. I love the gold underneath. That just makes it pop and glow so well. Makes me want to be a little more ambitious in my home.
Beautiful creation. I want to make one now. Love maps and globes.
This is such a clever idea! I love how you repurposed the old globe.
NIcely done! I have been thinking about doing something similar for awhile and never did, but I love how yours turned out!
I LOVE this!!!
OMG Roeshel! Our 13 yr. old daughter just stood on our Earth globe and broke it. We taped it back together, but now you have me thinking! lol
Oh My Goodness! How very cool and wordly! 😉 I love it. You do such cool things Roeshel! Forgive me if I find a thrift store globe and copy you. I want one of my own!
I finally got to read this post. It looks FABULOUS!! Great job, Roeshel. 🙂
What a cute idea! I’m glad you noted the safety issues, but this does lend some great inspiration for other lampshades or projects. Well done!
What is the globe made from? How safe is using it on a light fixture?
Hi Terry! As stated, it’s a light that is rarely used in our home so we’re personally ok with it. That room gets very little use and there is enough light from the French doors during the day. You’d need to decide for yourself about safety in your home and if you have any doubts, please do not implement this idea. As the instructions note, you will also want to use a flameproof coating on the inside of the globe. I hope that helps. 🙂
That’s so creative! Love the look; thanks for sharing.
Just stopping by to let you know I included this post in my favorite craft projects for February. These were the most popular posts on my Facebook page during February as well, so thank you for such a great project! You can see the round up here http://craftsbyamanda.com/2014/03/great-craft-ideas-february-2014.html 🙂
I LOVE your creative idea and I’m copying it for my garden shed. I just have one question. How did you attach the globe to the actual light fixture? Is it glued in place? Mine doesn’t go all the way up into the fixture where I can screw it in to place. Any help would be much appreciated.
My existing light fixture has a piece that screws on to hold the glass cover in place (the glass cover is what cracked and inspired this project). So, it’s not glued. It’s light fixture in the ceiling, globe, piece that screws on and holds the globe then light bulb. I can’t speak from experience but maybe some type of light bulb extender? Although I’d double check/research safety issues first!
I’ve recently made a hanging (from a chain) globe lamp to use over a window seat. The new globe I bought from World Market ended up being made of very solid acrylic. I couldn’t cut it with an exacto knife, and it didn’t separate at the equator, but a wood-working friend cut it in half with his table saw. He did a beautiful job lining it up and cutting exactly along the equator. I spray painted the insides of both halves with heat-resistant paint, but I love your metallic paint, so I think I’ll go find some to add. I used a hanging lamp kit from Lowe’s with an LED bulb so it gives plenty of light without emitting any heat. I plan to use the other half (Australia) to put on a floor lamp–like a bowl shade, so Australia will be right side up! I got glass bead trim from Hobby Lobby for the dangly shade and bias tape (like you did) for the bowl one, but I plan to cover it with a cute multi-colored braided trim that will pick up the colors of the globe. I haven’t seen too many tutorials on how to do this, so I really appreciate that you did one (even if I didn’t find it till I was done!)

domain: artistic


text:
Tread depth is key focus of tyre safety month 2009
Campaign materials for October’s tyre safety month, which will focus on tread depth and will encourage drivers to check and replace any illegal tyres on their vehicle, are now available.
The campaign, backed by RoadSafe, will use the theme of a ‘life saver in your pocket’ and will give motorists advice on how to check to see if their tyres may be illegal, by using a 20p coin.
“Tyre safety month provides the entire garage and tyre industry with a fantastic opportunity to raise awareness about the importance of tyre safety,” said Stuart Jackson, chairman of TyreSafe and a RoadSafe partner.
“There are still far too many accidents and fatalities in the UK that occur as a result of illegal or unsafe tyres. By taking part in this month of concentrated activity, garages, tyre dealers and other organisations can help spread this vital safety message and help reduce the number of casualties and accidents on our roads.”
Current UK law stipulates that tyres on passenger cars must have at least 1.6mm of tread across the central three-quarters of the tyre, around its whole circumference. As well as significantly increasing the likelihood of being involved in an accident, drivers who flout these laws face fines of up to £2,500 and three penalty points per illegal tyre.
As well as working with garages and tyre retailers, TyreSafe will be working closely with other organisations such as the Highways Agency, insurers and breakdown organisations to help spread tyre safety messages to their own staff, customers and stakeholders.
Further information is available at www.tyresafe.org or by calling 0845 301 6852.


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The wheels on the bus go round and round, / round and round, / round and round. / The wheels on the bus go round and round, / all through the town.
Ever interested in adventure it seems, I recently began traveling on Charleston County’s mass transit, CARTA, system.The decision was made for more reasons than the obvious: instead of $30 to drive my car back and forth from Edisto Island, with gas prices hovering at $4. a gallon, it would cost me about one gallon’s worth to use the Trolleys and Express and Link buses to get go downtown to Charleston, and back home again. My goal was also to conserve resources (money AND energy) to live closer to my eco-conscience, and well….to challenge myself learn a new way of doing things, including getting up early. I also knew I would be stepping into a whole new world. New worlds are rich resources for artmakers:)
I live on a largely undeveloped barrier island an hour from Charleston. Over half of the island is permanently protected by conservation easements on private land and The Edisto Island Open Land Trust. There is a twenty mile two-lane road that winds its luscious, serpentine moss drenched path to the sea from the nearest highway, the legendary US 17 that makes its funky way from Charleston to Savannah. Turns out a little county LINK bus travels back and forth to Charleston once a day.I suppose that one of the great gifts an artist has is the developed habit of using everything to make something else, which I call art. The moment we give ourselves permission to stop and take in information without judgment, opinion or naming, is the rich one, the one that allows us to receive and see new things, new opportunities, new beauty and experience.
This new world on the buses and trolleys and on foot has offered me as an artist, a rich meal. I hand sweet Niecy, the driver of the LINK bus that leaves Edisto just after 6am, two dollars and twenty five cents. She hands me a transfer, and I am good for getting off at The Gibbes Museum or my gallery on Broad Street. Once downtown the beautifully appointed brass and wooden Trolley buses are free, for wherever you need to go downtown. There are three routes. Just find a sign, stand there and hop aboard.
Yes. I am reposting this….
This is just AWESOME!! Can’t wait to get down there!
Yay! Come ride with me, Deborah! Thanks for the visit here!


The LP87330Q1EVM demonstrates the integrated circuit LP873300-Q1 from Texas Instruments.
The LP873300-Q1 has two high-performance step-down converters and two LDOs, designed to meet the power management requirements of the latest applications processors in automotive applications. The LP873300-Q1 is capable of driving up to 3 A + 3 A of load current with excellent combination of solution size and efficiency. The LP873300-Q1 has been specifically designed to allow the PMIC to be easily configured at start up to fit a variety of voltage and sequencing requirements. The device is controlled via a PC and the supplied GUI.
- Software controller
- USB-TO-I²C interface supports 3.4 MHz clock rate on the I²C bus
- Versatile GUI: Output current measurement and status indicators
- Console application allows running scripts. Application can execute user-specified scripts.
- Convenient test points for all I/O's


text:
Unfortunately, it is, and there is little that can be done by taxpayers in California and other states of our country to prevent state agencies and public universities from spending millions of dollars to settle sexual harassment claims… every year.
A recent bombshell article by The Sacramento Bee detailed outrageous data showing that California state agencies and public universities are spending enormous amounts of money to settle sexual misconduct claims against their workers, all funded by… You guessed it: Californian taxpayers.
Not to mention that the public is being kept in the dark about the overall cost of sexual harassment cases in state agencies and public universities.
The article details the case of a former California Highway Patrol data processing manager, Leonard Johnson III, who sexually harassed an office worker, and the state ended up paying out over $600,000 to settle the woman’s lawsuit, plus $115,000 in worker’s compensation.
The case dates back to December 2011, when Johnson was hired by the CHP after passing his sexual harassment prevention training with a stellar 95% score.
But it seems that Johnson forgot all the things he learned during the training, as within three months after his hiring, he sexually assaulted a female office assistant, Carmyn Fields.
According to the lawsuit filed by Fields in early 2012, Johnson sat in her lap, repeatedly touched her hair, and told her she could be his “work-wife.” He also allegedly kept wiggling and “grinding” on Fields’ lap.
In a separate alleged incident, Johnson assaulted Fields by pulling her out of her chair when they were alone in the office, holding her wrist, and pressing the woman against a wall. The former CHP manager also attempted to forcefully kiss Fields.
During an internal investigation, Johnson downplayed the accusations and said he was just “joking around.” As a result of the lawsuit, California state had to pay out $600,000 to settle Fields’ lawsuit, plus $115,000 in worker’s compensation. Johnson still works for the state.
Cases like this – when taxpayers’ money is being used to settle sexual harassment claims against employees at law enforcement agencies, state agencies, and public universities – are quite common.
Interestingly, the fact that taxpayers in Riverside and the rest of California are paying to settle sexual misconduct claims filed against state workers would have been kept under wraps if it wasn’t for the ongoing string of sex scandals gripping Hollywood.
The Bee reported that in the last nine months in 2017, the University of California had to spend more than $2.7 million to settle two claims – sexual assault and sexual harassment – against faculty members at UC Santa Cruz and the UC Berkeley School of Law.
Our Riverside sexual harassment attorneys here at JML Law explain why Californian residents have found out about this only now. The secrecy and lack of transparency in how taxpayers’ money is being spent are caused by bureaucracy and complex regulations in California’s state departments.
Each department at state agencies and public universities is responsible for its own budgeting and legal resolutions, which is why the media and the public have little to no access to the list of sexual harassment settlements involving state workers.
Under state laws in California, state agencies are allowed to hire legal representatives from outside law firms, which adds yet another lawyer of secrecy on sexual harassment settlements at state agencies.
Here at JML Law, our Riverside sexual harassment lawyers have represented both state employers and private sector workers in cases involving inappropriate behavior in the workplace, sexual abuse, harassment, assault, and other misconduct.
We offer superb legal representation and respect your right to confidentiality if you have been sexually harassed or abused by a state worker employed at Riverside or California’s law enforcement agencies, state agencies, and public universities.


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Wood in the Raw's Profile
Sourcing old, run down, neglected, unloved pieces of furniture and bringing them back to life is something I'm very passionate about. Each piece is hand sanded, and beautifully oiled for a protective finish to help it maintain its raw form. There are no tools involved except sanding paper and my now rough hands.
Sourcing used pallets and turning them into wall art is also something I do on a 'custom order' basis. Please contact me directly about pallet art.
- Joined March 8, 2010


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CBS won't likely dictate to announcers on Redskins nickname
CBS won't likely dictate to announcers on Redskins nickname in 2014.
CBS Sports Chairman and NFL on CBS EP Sean McManus, was asked by The Hollywood Reporter in an interview for their annual sports issue how CBS Sports analysts will "address [the Redskins nickname] controversy this fall."
"We haven't talked to them yet. Generally speaking, we do not tell our announcers what to say or not say," McManus said. "Up to this point, it has not been a big issue for us. Last year, it was simmering; now it's reaching a hotter level. But we probably will not end up dictating to our announcers whether they say Redskins or don't say Redskins. We leave that up to them and our production team.
"There are times when something becomes important enough that we talk to them, and between now and the start of football season we'll decide what is the right thing to do."
Speaking at a panel in Los Angeles for Thursday Night Football, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell pointed out the league doesn't "dictate" what partners say.
“We don’t dictate to our partners what they say,” Goodell said. “We don’t give them that kind of direction."
McManus also reiterated his comments to THR while on the panel with Goodell.
NFL teams find out their schedule on the same day you do
There probably weren't too many complaints in Kansas City after the schedule was released
Glen Coffee is hoping to make an improbable NFL comeback
Geography can be hard sometimes
Hernandez appears to have left suicide notes for at least three different people
Beast Mode and the Raiders apparently don't see eye to eye on this one thing

domain: sports


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Get the latest issue of GQ for FREE!
For one week only...
David Guetta's back with a brand new album and a host of collaborators (Nicki Minaj, Snoop Dogg, Lil Wayne) that would make Mark Ronson jealous. With 22 tracks, the double album moves on an epic journey from anthemic pop to electro-house, making it possible, in theory, for this album to soundtrack an entire evening...Listen to the playlist
Listen to Ritual Union by Little Dragon in full and for free on GQ.comPlay
Listen to Man Alive by Everything Everything in full and for free here on GQ.comPlay
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Listen to Diamond Mine by King Creosote & Jon Hopkins in full and for free here on GQ.comPlay

domain: entertainment


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|(Translated by Diet Simon)
German nuclear opponents criticise the continued government funding of nuclear energy although it is government policy to stop it.
They allege that funding is channelled through the back door via the European Community, which is still putting billions of euros into helping the nuclear industry.
Two groups fighting storage of nuclear waste in their areas say a congress on future energies in the Ruhr city of Essen on 19 February made frighteningly clear the ambitious nuclear energy targets of the North-Rhine Westphalian government.
A forum on innovative developments in nuclear technology in North-Rhine Westphalia heard that nuclear energy promotion funding in the state flows to it via the detour of the European Community.
The most populous German state has a conservative government formed by the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) of federal chancellor, Angela Merkel.
At national level there is an increasingly fractious coalition government between the CDU and Social Democrats. The Social Democrats brought into the coalition the decision to drop nuclear power made when they formed the previous government.
The CDU, backed by most industries, has always resisted giving up nuclear power and is trying in various ways to keep it going.
North-Rhine Wesphalia contains many nuclear installations, including Germanys only uranium enrichment plant at Gronau and a waste dump at Ahaus, both near the Dutch border and owned by power companies.
The Ahaus opponents and the opponents to dumping at the village of Gorleben in north Germany say in a joint statement that a Dr. Werner Lensa of Jülich Research Centre (near Cologne) told the conference about the development aims for future nuclear power stations.
This devious funding through the back door makes a mockery of the irreversible exit from nuclear energy agreed between the [previous] federal government and the operators of the atomic power stations, the groups state.
"This raises the suspicion of illegal spending and wastage of tax revenue, says Felix Ruwe of the Ahaus group.
The groups demand an immediate stop to the promotion of atomic energy by tax investigation and parliamentary control committees.
"At a time of immense loss of trust in the political system, the ending of nuclear energy should be concluded with transparency and openness, demands Francis Althoff on behalf of the Gorleben opponents.
"It is unbearable and legally questionable that those in political responsibility do not feel bound by the exit consensus and brazenly use tax funds and research capacities for the continuation and renewal of privately owned atomic power stations, the joint statement says.
The two spokesmen can be reached as follows:
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KKBA has been engaged as the exclusive brokers for this great food & beverage business located in downtown Frederick. Frederick is known for its plentiful and diverse cuisine. The founders of this artisanal cheese shop saw a need in Frederick for fine cheese and charcuterie. Their cheese counter offers a rotating stock of over 200 different artisanal and small-batch cheeses from across the U.S. and Europe. Their certified cheesemongers help you find the perfect cheese, pairing, and pantry items for every occasion.
Their vision was to bring the finest cheeses, both imported and domestic, charcuterie, and the perfect accompaniments to Frederick. “Not only do they sell cheese, but they also educate people about cheese and the entire culture that surrounds artisanal cheese.”
To receive more information about this great opportunity please click on contact the broker so that we can get a non-disclosure agreement to you so that you can move forward with your due diligence.

domain: food


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Education is not just for earning money. Education should prepare us for the life ahead. It should teach us the real meaning of life on earth. That we can't survive alone. We need the whole planet and everything in it to survive. It should teach us the meaning of humanity. That it's not just about us. We need to care for everything and everyone in the bigger picture if we actually love ourselves. Education should tell us that our actions have consequences. When we harm someone or something...today or tomorrow, we should be able to change the course of those actions.
Love and respect for everyone doesn't come through degree. But when it comes through true education at an early age, it sticks for life.


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Martha Stewart Adhesive Stencil Film
PLAID-Martha Stewart Crafts: Adhesive Stencil Film. Use any pattern or design and a craft or hot knife to create adhesive stencils to decorate most surfaces. Perfect for curved objects and fabric. This package contains 3 yards of 11 inch film. Imported.
Suggested Retail: $28.99
There are no special notices for this product. Thanks for taking the time to check.


1995 Annual Overview Report
During the year, ACC devoted special attention to issues relating to African economic recovery and development and agreed to launch a System-wide Special Initiative on Africa.
ACC also agreed on ways and means of promoting a coherent and coordinated system-wide follow-up to recent international conferences, in particular at the country level. In the same context, ACC reviewed the arrangements being put in place to ensure effective inter-agency coordination in the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development.
The twenty-ninth series of Joint Meetings of the Committee for Programme and Coordination (CPC) and ACC focused on measures to further concerted action by the United Nations system in the eradication of poverty, an overarching objective emanating from international conferences. The outcome of the meeting is reflected in this report.
ACC continued, through its Inter-Agency Committee on Sustainable Development, to pursue the system-wide follow-up to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. It also agreed upon measures for system-wide cooperation for drug abuse control.
The triennial policy review of operational activities for development continued to provide an important framework for inter-agency efforts to enhance the coordination and impact of development activities, particularly at the country level. The Secretary-General, in consultation with ACC, through its Consultative Committee on Programme and Operational Questions (CCPOQ), formulated policy recommendations to assist the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly in the conduct of the 1995 review.
In accordance with relevant recommendations of CPC, this report provides, as in previous years, updated information on the assistance provided by the organizations of the United Nations system to countries invoking Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations.
This report also covers the work of ACC during the year on personnel and general administrative questions and financial issues.
Finally, the report sets out the elements of the programme of work of ACC for 1996.
The report is available in other UN official languages at the UN Official Documents System.
PDF | 95.2 KB


Pune, 30th May 2023: Already narrow, including trees obstructing the traffic, cracks in the concrete embankment, exposed gravel due to flying asphalt, potholes created at various places, and two-way ruts at many places, the Mohammed Aadi to Handewadi road has become dangerous for traffic. Despite such a situation, the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) is largely ignoring this matter.
The road from Mohammed Wadi to Handewadi is about 1.5-2 kilometers. Asphalting has been done from Nyati Chowk to the school and Dighe Park. However, the entire road up to the Katraj-Mantarwadi bypass has become dangerous for traffic. The road is narrow in the Nyati Enclave area.
This concrete road is broken in some places. Some trees have come in the road. The sidebars are exposed. The gravel is exposed and there are pits in places. Due to warehouses on this road, heavy traffic is taking place on a large scale. Due to this, the road is getting worse day by day. On both sides of the road, there are piles of debris and garbage.
While traveling through all these dangerous routes, two-wheeler drivers have to travel with difficulty. A complaint has been made by Sharda Walhekar, Shobha Moze, Shilpa Rao, Ashish Momaya, Bhangire, and Mandesh Chavan.
Avinash Kamthe, Deputy Engineer, Municipal Corporation informed, “A tender has been issued for the work of this road leading to Handewadi from the Mohammed Wadi side. The road, which is narrow at some places, will be widened and the repair work will also be done in the next few days.”


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Autoblog Minute is a short-form video series covering the hottest news in automotive and transportation. You'll find segments on everything from the latest vehicle concepts, to autonomous drones, to viral videos. This bite-size content will get you quickly caught up with what's going on in the industry.
Volkswagen has revealed its 2019 Jetta at the Detroit Auto Show. The all new Jetta will get a new techy package for the 2018 year. It will be built on the MQB platform and will feature a digital cockpit with driver assistance features. For more coverage of the NAIAS 2018 head over to https://www.autoblog.com/detroit-auto-show/


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Dream Girl starring Ayushmann Khurrana and Nushrat Bharucha hit the theatres today and has left the audience laughing throughout the film. The film has managed to take a good start and we think Ayushmann is ready to bag another hit with this film. Before the film reached the theatres today, Ayushmann met team Koimoi for an exclusive chat and spilled many beans for us.
On being asked who did he tell about his character first, Ayushmann revealed that it was her manager. He said, “I think my manager. She knew about the fact that I was turning into Pooja. She was a part of the narration also but she only heard the first half.”
We even asked him about his wifey Tahira Kashyap’s reaction on bagging this role and he revealed that, “She was fine but she hasn’t read the script.”
But we did not let him go this easy. We asked him if Tahira helped him prep for the role and his reply left us laughing in splits. He said, “I’ve observed people, did pranks on Radio and I used to call my first girlfriend and when her father would pick up.. I would speak in a woman’s voice and say “Hello Uncle, baat karwado” so that I can speak to her for hours. It used to 100% work and I was 14 that time”
According to Koimoi’s box office reports, Dream Girl is expected to touch double digits collection after its first day of release.


3130Re: 4 Hole Steam Tip Test on my ES-1A
- Jul 3, 2009--- In BUG-is-Bunn@yahoogroups.com, "dmankin" <david.mankin@...> wrote:
>~~~~FWIW, When I first recieved my Salvatore One Black in early April, that 1.5 litre boiler hx machine was shipped with a 2 hole and a one hole steam wand tip. Salvatore shipped it with the 2 hole tip installed and I used it a few times and didn't care for how much steam came out into the milk. It seemed to steam the milk too fast. What it wasn't doing, it wasn't creating much microfoam so I switched to the one hole tip and with a little practice and experimentation, I was able to create the amount of microfoam I like using the one hole tip.
> On my recent visit to Houston, Tex handed me a 4-hole steam tip to try on my ES-1A. I have tried it several times, and am now starting to formulate some thoughts on using it.
> The stock tip has only 2 holes, and the volume of steam released is substantially greater (I don't know how the actual steam holes measure from tip to tip). The extra 'umph' is creating large bubbles rather quickly, and I have to work at dissipating them - both in the incorporating (after stretching) stage, or by banging the pitcher.
> Still, the 4 hole tip works.
> Excuse the latte art pour. I'm not that good at this under normal conditions, and the tripod was literally under my feet & arms as I tried to do all this in the lens' sight.
> I plan to thoroughly clean & remount the 2 hole tip after I've played a little more with the loaner 4-hole, and see which of the 2 I prefer.
> Have a good 4th of July to all the USA members!
Definetley, less holes in the steam tip on any size boiler will allow one to be able stretch the milk better (IMO). it takes more time though. For instance, with the two hole tip, I can get my milk up to 150 degrees before the shot is pulled like in your video David, and when I use the one hole tip I start frothing the milk before pulling the shot. When the milk hits 100 degrees (end of stretching phase)-that's when I start the shot and the milk will hit 150 about the time the shot is finished (25 seconds or thereabouts). Again, I'm working with a 1.5 litre boiler so none of what I'm doing can compare with the ES-1A. I should also mention I'm using a 20 ounce pitcher starting out with around 6 ounces of cold whole milk
Recently I had a cappuchino in a cafe in Gainesville that uses a 3 group LaMarzocco. When the barista stretched the milk she used a 12 ounce pitcher, & T.G. Lee whole milk. I didn't see what kind of tip they were using, nor did I see where the tip was in relation to the surface of the milk but the milk was stretched w/o a sound, and to say the microfoam was perfect was an understatement, as was the double ristretta black cat cappucchino (Intelligentsia is their roaster). Was also a pleasure to watch how much steam came out of the steam wand when the barista cleared the steam wand...a whole lotta steam
Back to my humble machine frothing milk at home... lately I have been having trouble getting good microfoam (quantity). I'm convinced it's the milk. It changed with a new gallon, and when the last of that gallon of milk was gone, the quantity improved but is still off in this new gallon of milk. I'm thinking both gallon containers of milk have higher milk fat content, but this latest gallon has less milk fat than the one before it. Both containers had different pull dates
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I know you may be yet grieving,
And hold some pain in your heart,
You may yet feel an amazement,
Because it was too soon for them to part.
Yes, there are times of loneliness, because you know that you can’t just pick up the phone to laugh and to talk.
The hours just gazing, sometimes in the air, because you yet listen for their voice.
You expect to see them smiling as you achieve different goals and accomplishments.
You often think to yourself and sometimes out loud, “Mom, I just wish you were still here!”
Nobody knows the many times you cried and hidden your sorrow, because some days it was really hard to face your tomorrows without them being there.
You listen to people tell you it will be alright, and in time, it will get better.
But they don’t understand you don’t want to forget your mother.
You don’t want her memory to fade, you just want to be able to make it through the day, when the pain is more intense, because of a favorite memory or thinking about something they said or did.
Today, I want to say you can truly celebrate your mother, because through you she can live on.
She lives on in your smile that is like her’s.
She lives on in the things she taught you growing up.
She lives on in her favorite recipes that you cook for your family.
She has left a legacy of memories in your life that you will pass down to your children, who will pass them down to their children.
Though she is physically gone, she is yet alive through the values, morals and strengths that you have accomplished through her wisdom, love and nurturing.
Even with those whose mothers may have had issues in their lives, and she may not have been all she needed to be as a mother, but even in her worst state, there were times when the gentleness and caring of a mother would come shining through to you.
I say, remember those times and know that your mother did love you.
Today, I say to those who have lost your mother, be strengthen, be encouraged and know that The LORD is there as a shoulder to lean on, He who has an ear that hears and a heart that feels your hurt.
He is there during the rough days when you don’t feel like getting up. When you don’t feel like putting on your happy face for people.
When you feel like the pain is unbearable, know He is there.
I’m praying for you and know God is there!
Her life will live on as a memory in your heart!
~ Apostle Barbara R. Thomas
Apostle Barbara R. Thomas is founder of I Come to Heal Ministries, A Woman’s touch Ministry, The Next Dimension Global Outreach Ministries and Spoken Word School of Ministry and is on a mission, traveling the world, proclaiming the Gospel, for souls to be won to the Kingdom of God. She has life mandate to help bring others to their divine purpose.

domain: literature