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(Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka)I’m Yasuo Tanaka representing the People’s New Party and New Party Nippon.
I believe it’s the state’s fundamental responsibility to protect the lives of its people and their properties. It also forms the basis of the nation’s diplomacy and it’s a matter of national security. From this perspective, I believe Takeshima Island is definitely an integral part of the Japanese territory. Would you agree?
(State Minister, Mr. Koichiro Genba)Yes, definitely, Takeshima is an integral part of Japan.
(Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka)I thank you for your answer.
In his foreign policy speech on January 24th, Mr. Genba said the territorial dispute over Takeshima Island cannot be solved overnight, but the Japanese government will make it clear to the South Korean government what’s unacceptable will remain unacceptable. He said he will patiently and persistently seek understanding from South Korea.
As most of you probably know already, the size of Takeshima is about the same as the Hibiya Park in Tokyo. The area comprises of the two main islands; the East Island (Onnajima) and the West Island( Otokojima), plus 37 small reefs. But because of sharp cliffs along the coastlines, no one lives there.
Would you please identify in concrete terms what’s unacceptable to Japan, and also what action the government plans to take to reclaim the Island?
(State Minister, Mr. Koichiro Genba)I will first talk about what’s unacceptable to Japan. Incidentally, I understand I am the first state minister after former Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira who spoke on the dispute over Takeshima Island in a foreign policy speech.
I chose to speak about the issue because I strongly felt the need of taking a strong stance against South Korea, because some of their state ministers visited the Island recently or the country is trying to construct buildings around the Island. Such moves certainly challenges our position on the island.
(Committee Member, Yasuo Tanaka)Thank you.
Last year on August 1st, three lawmakers from the Liberal Democratic Party — Mr. Yoshitaka Shindo, Ms. Tomomi Inada and Mr. Masahisa Sato — attempted to visit the disputed Island of Ulleung with a population of 10 thousand. But they were denied entry as South Korea applied the anti-terrorist clause of the Immigration and Control Law. The measure was taken for the first time since the founding of the Republic of Korea.
The three lawmakers didn’t try to enter the Island just for fun. They had a statement to make. As Mr. Genba pointed out, 6 South Korean ministers and 7 lawmakers landed on the Island in 5 months between March 11th and August 1st. But after the 3 Japanese lawmakers landed at the South Korea airport on August 1st, the following events were cancelled—-an inspection by South Korean parliament special committee members which was scheduled on August 12th,, visits by the leaders of the Grand National Party and the Democratic Party on August 14th and 15th. A fashion show on August 10th and music concerts on September 3rd and October 15th were also cancelled. They cited bad weather as reason for their cancellations. But I believe it’s the bravery of the three lawmakers which contributed.
Incidentally, Mr. Noda visited South Korea on October 19th and the 20th. I understand you certainly touched on the Takeshima issue as well as historical issues?(Prime Minister, Mr. Yoshihiko Noda)When I visited Seoul and met with the South Korean President, I told him we have difficult issues between the two countries and I encouraged him to work together from a broader perspective to prevent those challenges from adversely affecting the bilateral relations.
(Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka)It was also reported in the Japanese media that Mr. Noda told President Lee Myung Bak that he strongly believes the issues hampering the bilateral relations can be overcome. But in South Korea, it was reported that Mr. Lee strongly urged Mr. Noda to actively respond and face up to challenges between the two countries in a sincere manner.
But I assume these statements may have been edited out of the summit papers issued by the Foreign Ministry. That’s why the Japanese media reported Mr. Noda and Mr. Lee cautiously refrained from touching on the historical problems and instead only confirmed the future of the two nations.
One week later, the South Korean Yonhap News Agency reported extensively the South Korean Cultural Heritage Administration and the Land and Marine Affairs Ministry announced the construction of levees capable of berthing a 5 thousand ton-class passenger ship on the Takeshima Pier which is currently only capable of mooring a 300-ton ship. Yonhap is like Japan’s Kyodo News Service.
On the 28th of the same month, South Korea planned a fashion show even though no one lives on the island. Of course, the Japanese government repeatedly demanded the event be cancelled, but unfortunately, the South Korean Foreign Ministry dismissed it by saying there’s no merit to even respond to the demand. There’s more. For some unknown reason, the South Korean administrative vice minister calls Takeshima ‘Dokdo.’The South Korean government says the island is its territory from the historical and geographical viewpoints and in accordance with the International Laws. It says Japan has nothing to do with the Island, according to the Yonhap New Agency.Just as Chinese strategist Sun Tsushi wrote in his Art of War, unless we know ourselves and we know our enemy…I believe we will not be able to make progress in the area of national security or national territorial issues.
This is the philosophy espoused by Mr. Ukeru Magosaki, a former professor at the National Defense Academy who was also the director of the Intelligence and Analysis Bureau of the Foreign Affairs Ministry.
If we try to know our enemy, in this case, South Korea, and to learn their side of the story, they in the past claimed their ownership of the Island in oldest documents such as popular Chinese Classic Sangokushi (The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms), Sesojitsurhoku(Sejong’s 1454 Geography Text) or 1530 Sinjeung Dongguk Yeoji Seungram enemy.
As you know, Hayashi Shihei appears in Kaikoku-heidan and spoke of the need of maritime defense. For some reason, he painted Korea in yellow.
In fact, we find similar references in Taiseikan-shirei kept in the National Archives in which the Japanese Army and Navy acknowledged the Island as part of the Korean territory. In this document, the island is referred to as Matsushima, which is now called Takeshima.
The most serious of all, the US Board on Geographic Names lists the island as a South Korean territory in July, 2008.
That was before the change of government took place in Japan. Unfortunately, the then-Chief Cabinet Secretary said the government had no intention of taking any action against the listing while it only hopes the US will make a fresh judgment on that. When asked during a news conference if the then-Prime Minister had the intention of raising objections, he said NO and even asked back to the reporter why such objections were necessary.
Mr. Junichiro Koizumi was still a diet member at the time. He even sang and dance Plesley in front of Mr. George W Bush. I wonder why Mr. Koizumi just didn’t pick up the phone and tell Mr. Bush ‘That’s outrageous!’
Then, on December 18th, last year, the Japan-South Korean summit was held. The Kyodo News Service again asked the Prime Minister why he failed to take up the issue of Takeshima during the summit. Mr. Noda responded, he left the matter to the Foreign Minister. That’s his role, he said.
Takeshima is a matter of national security and I don’t know why Mr. Noda chose not to take up the issue. Why is the issue so low in priority? Mr. Noda said he left the matter to the Foreign Minister, but I strongly believe the nation’s Commander-in-chief should have clarified his view in the face of disagreement.
When it comes to the territorial issues, I find it most problematic the Diet has no committee to deal with the territorial disputes. It only has a committee for the northern territories and it’s designed only to deal with them.
The government also has the Northern Territories Affairs Administration at the Cabinet Office. But if we are to discuss national security, I think it’s necessary to set up a section which deals specifically with all the territorial disputes.
Mr. Noda, would you please make a decision immediately and establish a comprehensive organization with a fresh name as you so pledged to protect the beauty of our country.
(Prime Minister, Mr. Yoshihiko Noda) First of all, I’d like to respond to Mr. Tanaka’s question on the Japan-South Korean Summit in Kyoto on December 18th of last year. In fact, just before my meeting with President Lee Myung Bak, Foreign Minister Genba held talks with a senior presidential secretary to Mr. Lee at the Blue House Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security. The meeting took place just about when a group of South Korean lawmakers were planning to visit Takeshima. Mr. Genba strongly demanded the cancellation of the trip in accordance with the Japan’s position on the island.
My meeting with President Lee took place soon afterwards. So I repeated what I had previously told him in Seoul that Japan and South Korea do have challenges but we should work together to overcome them and prevent them from adversely affecting the overall relations between the two countries.
We must protect our territories and territorial waters with faith. We plan to study what actions to take, but we wish to discuss the positioning of the issue at the Diet within the diet.
(Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka)Of course, the issue must be discussed at the Diet. But the name of the committee at the Cabinet Office is the Northern Territories Affairs Administration. I think the name should be changed into something like the General Territorial Affairs Administration, if we take into consideration the fact our country is surrounded by the seas.
(Prime Minister, Mr. Yoshihiko Noda)I agree there are various territorial disputes including one over the Northern Territories. I also believe we need to set up a special section to deal with them. As Mr. Tanaka has made the proposal, we’d like to study the possinilitiy.
(Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka) I repeat the call to set up a special department to deal with various territorial disputes.
There is a saying, the country is in ruins, and there are still mountains and rivers. But when people are fatigued, the country cannot exist even if there are mountains and rivers—we cannot even discuss national security.
The day before yesterday on February 15th, the effective utilization of dormant deposits, which is a matter of national concern right now, was on the front page of the Asahi Shinbun newspaper. On the same day, the Council for the Promotion of Growth and Finance was organized to discuss the issue from the homeland national security viewpoint. I would like Mr. Motohisa Furukawa who co-chairs the Council to tell us about its strategies and tactics. (Minister of State, Mr. Furukawa)I will respond to the question.
For the smooth supply of growth money, our strategies are to expand the source of money supply, to reinforce brokerage and support functions, and to strengthen the relationship with the financial markets overseas. In the last Council meeting for the Promotion of Growth Finance, we decided to examine concrete measures for the strategies and are committed to a course of action to realize those strategies. We decided to proceed with a detailed study of how to take advantage of the“unutilized assets” as one idea of how to expand the sources of funds.
My understanding of Japan’s current financial situation is that funds are not necessarily scarce but underutilized. Comparing Japan’s economic health to a human body, it seems to be suffering from poor blood circulation. Therefore, I believe if blood circulation is improved, enterprises and economic activities will be revitalized and that will lead to economic growth.
From that perspective, I think the dormant deposits are funds which can be effectively utilized to improve circulation. In addition, I know that the dormant deposits are realized profits in certain cases by the financial institutions. Therefore, I am planning to establish an executive committee consisting of parliamentary secretaries or the equivalent, under the Council of Promotion for Growth Finance, to work on a detailed study of how to better utilize the dormant deposits.
There seems to be a misunderstanding that the government will simply dispossess the people’s deposits for its use. It is not the case. In order to utilize the dormant deposits as they are used today in the U.K., it surely requires law revisions and the development of a legal framework. I would like people to understand that deposits will be rightly returned to the depositors if requested. We may face various hurdles for this task. However, I will not condemn it by listing up problems. Rather, I intend to maintain a focus on how we can utilize the dormant deposits and to examine specific measures while having a full discussion with the people of Japan.
(Chairman, Mr. Nakai)Minister of State, regarding this issue, I cannot help pointing out that Mr. Tanaka proposed this issue twice in the past Budget Committee meetings. Please give a comment on that.
(Minister of State Furukawa)Indeed. I have heard what Mr. Tanaka has been saying for some time and been wondering how we could examine the possibility of utilizing the dormant deposits. In that sense, the proposals from Mr. Tanaka helped to launch the review process of this idea.
(Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka) I feel delighted a little too much as I am not used to compliments. Two years ago, I found out that the funds in the dormant deposits become unearned income of financial institutions after 10 years with no transactions. I requested the data of these dormant accounts from the Financial Services Agency, but there was no data collected in those days. After several requests, we figured out that it would be approximately 30 billion yen a year for megabanks. If other regional banks, the labor credit union, the credit union, and the credit association are included, it would be approximately 90 billion yen as it was recently reported in the newspaper. But there is not even an estimate for the Postal Bank and the Agricultural Union and I would ask the data to be disclosed by all means.
My colleague and the leader of the People’s New Party, Mr. Kamei has raised the issue when he acted as the Minister of Financial Services. Our political party, just one and a half years ago, submitted a written document for budget request titled “Japan Reconstruction Which Revives Spirits” that suggested the funds from the dormant deposits should be used to carry out social policies. I, myself, delivered the statement five times in the representative questionings in plenary sessions and the Budget Committee meetings.
However, in the same newspaper article, the bank industry refutes our idea by saying that the dormant deposits belong to their customers and it’s wrong for the government to spend them. I have to say that it is the Japanese Bankers Association that is wrong. The dormant deposits belong to the Japanese people, not to the banks as they virtually claim.
I also need to point out that Mitsubishi UFJ, Mizuho, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Resona, and Chuo Mitsui Trust Group have not paid corporate tax nor corporate enterprise tax for 15 years. From March 1995 to march 2010, not even a dime of tax was paid by them, although they paid 241.8 billion yen to the government as tax last year. People criticize the compensation of the Diet members being high but the executives of those banks receive far higher compensation. That is why I have been suggesting that we need to employ pro forma standard taxation for large banks, but that is not the subject of today’s discussion.
The claim by the financial institutions is solely based on internal regulations of the Japanese Bankers Association which is nothing more than an incorporated association. It says that those accounts left without transactions for more than ten years and no possibility to contact depositors shall be categorized as dormant. The dormant deposits may be realized as profits. All the financial institutions today realize unearned income following the regulation. Some raise questions from the view point of the property rights of the constitution Article 29. As for this, I say the mileage point and the card point lapse automatically as well.
“Utilization for Disaster Reconstruction” appeared as a headline in the news paper may sound like a political maneuver to the public. Incorporating the money into the reconstruction fund will merely create juicy employment positions for retired bureaucrats. Cunning people will gather around the funds like termites and the money will disappear like bubbles. Therefore, I believe the funds should be utilized as micro-credit, like the Grameen Bank of Mr. Muhammad Yunus who received the Nobel Peace prize, to fund nonprofit organizations to promote development in motivated regions.
Unfortunately, Mr. Katsunori Nagai, Chairman of the Japanese Bankers Association, who is the president of Mitsubishi Tokyo UFJ, yesterday called the dormant accounts fictional. I do not understand what he meant by that. He also is questioning whether the government action of taking the dormant deposits is a justifiable action according to the constitutional property right. I would like to ask officers of the Bankers Association to read the Article 12 of the Constitution by all means. It is written that the people shall refrain from any abuse of these freedoms and rights, guaranteed by this Constitution, and shall always be responsible for utilizing them for the public welfare.
The Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Mr. Yohei Sasagawa wrote in “Seiron” in the Sankei Newspaper recently that there are many large size dormant accounts with alias names while many small size accounts with less than 10,000 yen were created by unmarried young people and left dormant. Mr. Nagai claims Japan has ten times as many accounts as the U.K. and it requires a large effort to manage. That says to me that even discounting the fact that the population of Japan is twice as much of the U.K., Japan has many accounts of stashed money being kept secret from family members.
As Mr. Furukawa has declared his commitment, I would like to hear Mr. Noda’s commitment to tackle the issue of dormant accounts with unwavering resolve. The funds of dormant accounts should not be merely put into the government funds where cunning people gather around like termites. The dormant accounts should be utilized for our society following the example of Grameen Bank.
(Chariman, Mr. Nakai)Mr. Tanaka’s question time is over, therefore there will be no replies to the last question. (When Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka called out “Please wait!” ). Nine minutes have passed.
(Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka) Thank you.
(Chariman, Mr. Nakai)This concludes the question time of Mr. Tanaka.
(Committee Member, Mr. Yasuo Tanaka)I’m Yasuo Tanaka representing the People’s New Party and New Party Nippon.

domain: news


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|Population||586 (2006 census)|
|Elevation||32.8 m (108 ft)|
|LGA(s)||Shire of East Gippsland|
|State electorate(s)||Gippsland East|
Johnsonville is a town in the East Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Princes Highway 18.9 km east from the city of Bairnsdale and 18.3 km west from the tourist resort and fishing port of Lakes Entrance. The town encompasses an area of approximately 5,617 hectares, 56 square kilometres or 13,879 acres.
Johnsonville forms one of the 224 cities, towns, villages and localities included within the scope of the East Gippsland Shire directive. The local member for the East Gippsland Region is Tim Bull. At the 2006 census, Johnsonville had a population of 586.
The original inhabitants of the land were the Indigenous Australians, in particular the Gunai people who inhabited the region as far east as the Snowy River. The township got its name from John Johnson, a man of Scandinavian origins, who purchased the nearby Swan Reach run in 1857 which also encompassed Johnsonville and surrounding areas. Johnson was a popular public figure of his time, serving three years as the member for Gippsland in the Legislative Assembly.
He had previously owned Mewburn Park located near Maffra, which is incidentally linked to the famous Tichborne case. Arthur Orton had answered Johnson's advertisement early in 1855 calling for splitters, fence riders and stock-riders on his Mewburn Park station. Johnson's agents subsequently signed Aurthur up as a stockrider after he shipped out aboard Johnson's Eclipse from Van Diemen's Land.
The onslaught of selection in the 1860s seen an end to the pastoral era and the aptly named ‘Squatter Kingdoms’. Fences were erected and small land owners took control. However, following the Victorian gold rush the Duffy Act in 1862 made small freehold selection possible. The selection of parts of the Swan Reach run which form the Johnsonville area took place around 1870.
Deriving its name from the punts that used to operate along the river carrying supplies in the late 1800s and the early 20th century and leading from the Princes Highway, is Punt Road, which is the town’s auxiliary byway that leads directly to the banks of the Tambo River. The road physically ends at the river but its name extends across the water and finishes where it intercepts Metung road. The first punt service along the river was established in 1877 by Frederick Smith and in 1886 was taken over by the Tambo Shire.
Nearly two decades prior, on April 13, 1858, Malcolm Cambell made the first and historically significant crossing of the Lakes Entrance with the 70 tonne Georgiana Smith. Shortly afterwards he took the boat up the Tambo River.
In 1864 another boat called the Lady Darling was constructed at McArdell’s sawmills. It was a 245 tonne three mastered schooner and was launched on the Tambo River with the intention of it being sailed to Melbourne. Due to an inexperienced crew the vessel became beached and later rescued at substantial cost. The joint owners were John Inglis, storekeeper, and William Gutherie, a miller, both of North Gippsland. She was sold to John Hughes, of Williamstown, one year later and in 1873 to R.J. Jeffrey's, a merchant of Melbourne who sold her to a Brisbane owner three years later. She was wrecked in the New Hebrides in 1881.
In the 1880s the traffic along the river increased, and in 1886 David Munro and Co. used timber barges to carry milled logs down from Upper Tambo to Johnsonville or, as it was known then, Lower Tambo. This small inland port formed one of five busy wharves along the length of the river.
Around the 1880s the areas main produce came in the form of farming and crops included wheat, oats, potatoes, barley, maize and hops. The Hop Kilns that serviced the area are still standing at Mossiface on the flats of the Tambo River and adjacent to the East Gippsland Rail Trail. The nearby township of Bruthen was the centre of one of Australia's leading tobacco growing areas with Charles Seehusen being the innovator of this crop.
In 1878 a track was cleared from the Nicholson Punt to Foley’s selection at Johnsonville, giving access Bairnsdale. That same year Henry Howlett commenced marking and clearing a road from Swan Reach to Lakes Entrance, but it wasn’t until the early 1880s that locals in the area actually made use of it. Edward Foley set up coach service and also established the first mail run from Bairnsdale to Lakes entrance using Packhorses.
Following on from the industrial activity the mid-1880s saw the township at Johnsonville established. Early maps show that the original location for the town was set to be about 1 mile west of its current location, but possibly owing to the fact to its having grown from the original river settlement down Punt Road, the township centred there.
In 1892 Johsonville saw the first congregational church established in the East Gippsland region. It has been assigned the Parish number 5400 by the Victorian Department of Crown Lands and Survey. The Johnsonville Post Office opened on 16 September 1886 with a Mr. John Smith as the postmaster.
One of the first businesses to be founded was a large Coach building, Blacksmith and Wheelwright establishment owned by William Froud. In 1934 the Blacksmith business was converted to the general store with a bake house at the rear.
Historical records show nine Anzacs that were born in Johnsonville and that served in the Australian Imperial Force. These include George Charles Batten, John Francis Batten, Frederick Elijah Burt, Jack Ledan Burt, Douglas William Hepburn, Charles Victor Kilmartin, James Leslie Smith, William Francis Stephenson and Frank Stanley Wills.
Beginning in the Eastern Highlands, which is one of the three major landforms in Australia, the other two being the Central Lowlands and the Western Plateau, the Tambo River osculates[disambiguation needed] with Johnsonville at approximately 5 km from its mouth. The Tambo River is just one of seven rivers that flow into the lakes, marshes and lagoons of the Gippsland Lakes system. The other rivers include Latrobe, Avon, Nicholson, Mitchell, Macalister and Thomson rivers. The river flows south and stretches 186 km which makes it only second in length to the Latrobe at 270 km. The mouth of the Tambo River is a tidal estuarine system with a salt wedge that extends 3 km up the river from Lake King
Johnsonville is considered part of the 'twin rivers' of the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers. In 1856 it would appear that the nomenclature of the river was in dispute given that Pawel Strzelecki named the Tambo River as it is now known - The Thompson, after Sir Edward Deas Thompson who was Colonial Secretary of New South Wales.
Johnsonville is a highly tourist-based area that hosts the Twin Rivers Bream Classic - an annual fishing event. Despite the naming of the event other fish species inhabit the Tambo River system, these include; Bass, Mullet, Flathead, Garfish, Perch, Eels, Brown-trout and the introduced and much maligned Common carp. The range of baits used by recreational fishermen includes mussels, sandworm, white pilchards, blue sprats, crabs, prawns, pipis and soft plastics. A Recreational Fishing Licence (RFL) is compulsory unless you are exempt and covers, all forms of recreational fishing in all of Victoria's marine, estuarine and freshwaters.
In 2004 a large research project was set up to investigate the movement patterns of Black Bream throughout the Gippsland Lakes system. The study showed that the fish swam up and down the Tambo River almost daily and frequently entered the Lakes.
Following the Alpine fires in 2003 that burnt over a million hectares in Eastern Victoria including parts of the Tambo River, a study was conducted by the Monash School of Chemistry to investigate changes in hydrology within the river system and further develop the understanding of how bushfire contaminates affect water-bodies. The mouth of the river was cited as a source of aggregation for the bushfire sediments and ash. Carbon particles were detected in sediment samples taken at the River’s mouth.
The Third Index of Stream Condition report prepared by the Department of Environment and Primary industries found that within individual catchments, 73% of stream length in the Far East Gippsland basin was in excellent condition and there were no streams in poor or very poor condition in either the Tambo or Far East Gippsland basins. Since 1997 The Tambo River and others in East Gippsland have been the responsibility of the East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority and the Lower Tambo Landcare Group.
Sarsfield Storage Basin is a 160 ML earthen, rock beached storage. Water harvested from the Mitchell River at Glenaladale is transferred to this storage and used to supply the townships of Sarsfield, Bruthen, Nicholson, Johnsonville, Swan Reach, Metung, and Lakes Entrance. The water is disinfected using chlorine gas at the outlet of the storage.
East Gippsland Water's service area spans 21,000 square kilometers and services more than 24,800 customers along nine separate water supply systems. It extends east from Lindenow, through to the region's capital Bairnsdale, the holiday centres of Paynesville and Lakes Entrance, and on to the wilderness coast and Mallacoota near the New South Wales border. The drinking water for these communities is drawn at a rate of up to 350 litres per second (35 megalitres a day), and pumped into storage at Woodglen 2.5 km away. This is the initial storage point for all water supplied to the Mitchell system customers.
Approximately 95 per cent of all the recycled water produced by Bairnsdale Wastewater Treatment Plant each year is used to help sustain and protect the biodiversity of the internationally significant Macleod Morass near Bairnsdale and Tambo Bay Wetlands on the basin of the Tambo River.
Incidentally, East Gippsland Water is one of the best performing water corporations in Victoria when it comes to recycling water, achieving a reuse level of 99% from its wastewater treatment plants and often reaching 100%.
Due to the number of children that were present within the growing community the need for a school was becoming a pressing matter. A hall was built by the locals in 1886 on land donated by Mr. Frederick Smith with a view for it to be predominately a learning facility.
However, prior to this on 23 October 1884 a petition was forwarded to the Educational Department by the residents of Bumberrah requesting the establishment of a school at Lower Tambo Punt. By October 1885 no action had been taken and a deputation signed by local residents was passed to the Minister of Public Instruction.
With requests evidently denied or ignored the residents were proactive and constructed a building measuring 30 feet by 16 feet and made written requests to the Educational Department for the fitment of furniture and a teacher.
The school commenced operating on 17 July 1886 with Emily Moffat as the head teacher overseeing the education of some 30 children; by 1889 the number of students grew to 53. Conversely a significant drop in attendance took place in 1891 owing to a river punt being temporarily out of service.
Through a set of convoluted and tedious circumstances that were predominately headed by outbreaks of whooping cough and measles resulting from an apparent case of Sick building syndrome as a consequence of the general disrepair of the community-built school structure, as well as the depression of the 1890s and red tape in dealing with the parties responsible for school maintenance; a new building to accommodate 60 students was finally constructed in 1900 by McKnockier Brothers at the cost of £278.
The teacher’s residence was acquired in 1952 and to this day still sits adjacent to the fire station. Over the years the school underwent many structural changes. In 1984 the building was again in need of maintenance. As a result in the following year the school received a new two part modular building that was located at the rear of the block behind the original building.
The school celebrated its centenary in 1986 and was attended by the then Minister for Education Ian Cathie. A time capsule containing art work and essays by the students at that time was buried on the school grounds. It’s scheduled to be opened in the year 2036.
112 years after its opening, 1998 saw the school shut down due to dwindling student numbers and no sign of enrolments for the following year. The large oak trees that were iconic to the school still sit on the property, which has now become a private residence. Most of the infrastructure was disseminated to other schools in the district. The original school building was moved to Lakes Entrance in 2000 and now houses The Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society
A few known notable associations with the school include former pupil Lesley I. Oldfield (née Martin), who was mayor of Alice Springs from 1983 to 1992. And Mr. W. Armstrong, who was head teacher from 1907 to 1914, played in a Victorian country team against the touring English team of that time.
The Johnsonville hall for a long time has been famous for the dances held there. These were the inspiration for Slim Dusty's song "The Johnsonville Dance" from his 1988 album, "G'day G'day".
Given that the township is relatively small, there a few business’s located in the immediate area. The general store and the petrol station are among the original establishments of the town and are still in operation but over the years there has been demand for tourism based operations, as well as orchards and a large boat storage facility.
The Lealow caravan park that is situated on the Tambo River was initially farm land. It was originally owned by a Mr. George Frazer who run a sawmilling operation from that location, and then in 1905 he started a boat repair works and employed Captain Jimmy McCallum as a shipwright.
He constructed five small vessels, giving them names Storm Bird, War Hawk, Warratah, Sea Bird, and in 1906 he built the Bellbird, which was taken to New Zealand in 1907. Mr. Frazer eventually settled in New Zealand, and his farm was subsequently purchased by Mr. Augustine Clues, whose family still owns the property. 'Clues Road' that runs adjacent to the boat ramp is named after a Mr. Harry Clues.
Bream Lodge was built in 1984 by Bill and Pauline Fitzgerald who run it until 1988. They had previously run a general store and Bakery in the nearby town of Bruthen in the early 1970s. Bream Lodge mainly catered to fishermen and angling clubs from as far away as New South Wales and Melbourne. The original layout consisted of five brick units, with one having to be partially rebuilt after a car ran through the front. Over the years it has since been extended to include detached buildings at the rear of the property, and the clientele has grown to include rowing teams from Melbourne who use it as a base while they train on the Tambo River at various points throughout the year.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Johnsonville (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
- Annear, Robyn (2002). The Man Who Lost Himself: The Unbelievable Story of the Tichborne Claimant. Melbourne: Text Publishing. ISBN 1877008176.
- Johnsonville Primary School Centenary History Book 1886-1986
- Adams, John (1987). Path Among the Years - History of Shire of Bairnsdale. Bairnsdale: Bairnsdale Shire Council. ISBN 0731605527.
- Bull, Joseph; Williams, Peter (1967). Story of Gippsland Shipping. Metung: Authors. p. 110.
- Premier Postal History, Post Office List, retrieved 2008-04-11
- "Anzacs born in Johnsonville, VIC, Australia". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
|last1=in Authors list (help)
- Effect of Bushfires on Receiving Waters, Eastern Victoria - School of Chemistry, Monash University
- Adams, John (1987). Path Among the Years. Bairnsdale: Bairnsdale Shire Council. p. 12. ISBN 0731605527.
- The Australian Fisherman. Australia: Landsdowne Press. 1982. p. 400. ISBN 0701816279.
- "Fishing licence". Department of Environment and Primary Industries. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- Victorian Resources Online. "Fish 1219 Tracking". Department of Environment and Primary Industries. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- East Gippsland Region, ISC. "Index of Stream Condition The Third Benchmark of Victorian River Condition". DEPI. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- "The Benefits of Shade-clothcovers for potable water storages". CSIRO. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
|last1=in Authors list (help)
- "Water Supply Systems". East Gippsland Water. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
|last1=in Authors list (help)
- "Water Recycling". East Gippsland Water. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- Bairnsdale Advertiser. April 17, 1998. Missing or empty
- "Lakes Entrance Regional History Centre and Museum". Culture Victoria. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
|last1=in Authors list (help)

domain: geography


text:
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- Includes 1 - panel
- Classic dark gray look
- Vibrant colors and sophisticated pattern on faux silk
- Easy to install
- Rod pocket top accommodates a 2.5" diameter rod
- Machine washable for easy care
- We offer a wide selection of curtain rods to pair with your new panel, (sold separately)
- Model number: FZB01CAFISPE
- Material: 100% Polyester
- 42"W x 84"L
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domain: design


text:
CHARLES KRAUTHAMMER: If we keep spending like this we're going to have a president in a few years whose going to stand up and say that we are unable to pay Social Security, or the military or benefits. And not because of self-imposed crisis on a debt ceiling, but because we will be out of money. And that is what the Republicans are trying to avert.
The president is playing this like a demagogue in pretending we don't have a debt issue. We do. That is hanging above us and that's what will destroy our credit rating in the end. Not a crisis that we create and then get around as we have in the past, but a real one of a country that cannot pay its debt anymore, which is where we're headed. (Special Report, January 15, 2013)


text:
Explore historic Walterboro and nearby Charleston with a stay at the pet-friendly Best Western of Walterboro, located near Tuskegee Airman Monument.
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A variety of key area attractions surround this superior Walterboro hotel located in the South Carolina low country, close to I-95 and halfway between South Florida and the Mid-Atlantic States. Browse the South Carolina Artisan Center, browse antique shops, visit the famous Great Swap Sanctuary, see historic sights’ at the Veterans Memorial and the Tuskegee Airman Monument, get some sun on nearby Edisto Beach, or indulge in outdoor adventure with a variety of hunting, fishing and hiking opportunities nearby. In addition, Savannah, Charleston, Hilton Head and Beaufort are all just an hour drive away, making them great day-trip destinations for those staying at this Walterboro hotel. While in town, try to catch the annual Rice Festival in April and the Criterion Race and Rodeo in May - both local favorites!
For those here on business, Best Western Walterboro is the perfect lodging choice because of our on-site business services and close proximity to local businesses, including Colleton County Industrial Park and the Boeing Manufacturing Plant. Charleston Air Force Base is also nearby for those visiting friends or family living on base.
For the ultimate in comfort and convenience, each guest room at this hotel in Walterboro comes complete with cable satellite television with HBO® and free wireless high-speed Internet access. Other amenities at this Walterboro hotel also include complimentary full breakfast each morning, a seasonal outdoor swimming pool (open from Memorial Day to Labor Day) and easy access to the adjacent Ruby Tuesday's restaurant.
The Best Western Walterboro's friendly staff is ready to welcome you here and make your nest Walterboro hotel stay unforgettable. Book online and save today! Enjoy your stay.
News from the Front Desk
Pets allowed based on the availability of pet friendly rooms. Up to 2 dogs per room with a 80 pound weight limit. Additional pet types cats, birds, etc may be accepted at the hotel's discretion. Pet rate is $15.00 per day with a $100 per week maximum.
Good first day drive for a good night's rest on our way back to Canada. Comfortable beds, good internet, breakfast was ample for our needs. Love the fresh fruit. Location is tucked in so a nice quiet...
Toronto, Canada on 16-Apr-2018
We really enjoyed our stay at Best Western in Walterboro, SC. The hotel staff is very helpful and friendly. Our room was clean, the beds are ultra comfortable and provided us with a good nights...
By Joni M
Buffalo, New York on 13-Apr-2018
I stopped here driving from NJ to FL and this was all that I could ask for. The beds were comfortable. The breakfast was good. The staff was helpful. I have no complaints with my stay here. Great!!!!!
new jersey on 09-Apr-2018
Making my annual trip from NJ to FLA and stayed at this location to break up the drive. Family of 5 travelling with a dog. Room was spacious (we were in a suite), beds were comfortable and the...
By Michael A
Cranford, New Jersey on 09-Apr-2018
WE chose this hotel on our trip home from FL. It was located just off 95 so it was really easy to find. The price was right. Unfortunately we picked up a nail in our fairly new tire soon after...
Outdoor pool Seasonal from Memorial Day Weekend until Labor Day Weekend
24-hour front desk
Complimentary full breakfast, Open daily from 6 a.m. – 9 a.m. Belgian waffles, sausage and egg patties, South Carolina's lowcountry gravy and biscuits, pastries, bagels and bread, hot and cold cereals, fruits, yogurts and juices. Lobby hot coffee-tea hours from 6 a.m - 10 p.m.
Fax services Available at the Front Desk from 6AM-10PM
Ice/vending machines located on each floor of the hotel.
Higher rates may apply for holidays/special events
Free wireless internet available in public areas; Free in-room wireless internet access; Free wireless internet access available in public areas and all guest rooms
Concierge Contact Front Office Manager
Business center, open from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m.
Gift shop or newsstand US Today Newspaper offered free of charge to registered guest(s)
Public Space ADA Accessible Features:
Accessible parking spaces and signage (car and van)
Accessible parking space that is 96-inches wide with an appropriate access aisle
An accessible route that allows for approaching and entering the hotel
An accessible lobby entrance door
Interior routes to public spaces that do not have abrupt level changes
Room signage: 60-inches to sign center above finished floor
Accessible table in eating area
The eating area has self-service shelves and dispensing devices within reach range
Public restrooms accessible
Guest Room Communication Assist Features:
Visual notification devices for telephones
Telephones have volume control
Visual fire alarms
Visual smoke alarms
Cable or satellite television
AM/FM alarm clock
Iron, ironing board
Free local calls
Down and out rooms available
King leisure rooms available
Free long distance access
AM/FM radio stereo
Free local calls under 30 minutes
Sofa bed available
Adjoining rooms available HDDNSP1 room ONLY
Rooms for the Physically Challenged: 3
Physically challenged rooms/facilities available
Wheelchair accessible available
Property meets ADA of 1990 (US hotels only)
Guest Room Mobility Accessible Features:
Accessible doors and doorways (at least 32-inches of clear width passage)
Accessible bathrooms and features, including shower/tub


text: Three mutant variants of the coronavirus that emerged in Britain, South Africa and Brazil pose a high risk in Europe and will lead to more COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations and deaths, Europe's disease surveillance agency said on Thursday.The variants, which contain mutations or changes to parts of the COVID-19-causing coronavirus that scientists say make them more transmissible, have already been detected in many countries in Europe and will likely continue to do so, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) said in a risk assessment."We are currently seeing deteriorating epidemiological situations in areas where more transmissible variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have become established," the ECDC's director Andrea Ammon said in a statement. "An increasing number of infections will lead to higher hospitalization and death rates across all age-groups."The risk assessment said European Union member states "should prepare their healthcare systems for a further escalation in demand."Britain and some EU countries have already closed or are considering closing borders to others to try and limit the spread of the more transmissible variants. But the European Commission has said such closures would harm the EU's single market.The ECDC advised against all but essential travel, and urged European governments to accelerate the pace of COVID-19 vaccinations for high-risk groups such as the elderly and healthcare workers. Ammon added that a combination of physical distancing, increased surveillance, sequencing of samples, rigorous contact tracing and quarantine were also needed to effectively curb the spread of the new variants.

domain: politics


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text:
Grilled Orange & Za'atar Lamb Chops
Roasted chilies and zaatar meat during a tangy minty yogurt sauce. a mixture of flavors from heaven. the foremost delicious meat you'll ever eat.
8 lamb chops
9 tablespoons plain yogurt
1 1/2 tsp. Za'atar tablespoon
1 1/2 teaspoons flavorer
4 cloves garlic
A handful of mint
Place your lamb, 4 tbsp. Yogurt, za'atar, flavorer and grated orange rind during a bowl. Grate garlic, salt, pepper and add a touch vegetable oil then stir until evenly coated. Cover and soak for half-hour .
It's sauce time. Cut your mint leaves (save some for garnishing) and add them to a different bowl with the remainder of your yogurt, grated half an orange and a touch orange and juice . Season with salt and pepper, then sprinkle with vegetable oil . Mix and leave within the refrigerator until able to use.
Once your meat is prepared , put it on an electrical stove over high heat and cook for about 5 minutes per side until cooked and charred.
Stack it on a plate, pour your tangy yogurt on top and sprinkle it over the remainder of the mint, grated orange peel , and a pinch of flavorer . Back!

domain: food


text:
Uruguay’s Senate yesterday voted to legalize gay marriage by approving a single law governing matrimony for heterosexuals and homosexuals.
Senators voted 23-8 in favour of the bill, which was passed by the Lower House in December. It must now return to the Lower Chamber of Congress with changes. >>>
Sunday, March 31, 2013
In honour of International Day of Transgender Visibility we spoke with Tamara Adrian - Venezuelan lawyer, law professor, human rights activist and all round international trans rights superstar. She spoke about transgender visibility in international arenas, the new ’revolution’ in gender identity laws in Latin America, and some key questions facing trans communities in contemporary Venezuela. >>>
We are glad to announce that scholarships submission for the ninth biennial meeting of
the International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture and Society (IASSCS) has started today. The Conference, entitled Sex and the Marketplace: Whats Love got to do with it?, will take place from 28th to 31st August 2013 in Buenos Aires-Argentina. This conference is co-organized by the Study Group on Sexualities (GES for its initials in Spanish), Institute Gino Germani, School of Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
22/02/2013 | ILGA-LAC - Oficial de Comunicación
The Ministry of Labour and Social Security (MLSS) and the Jamaica Manufacturers' Association (JMA) have joined forces in a bid to reduce stigma and discrimination in the local food-services industry and protect the rights of persons living with HIV and AIDS. >>>
The ninth biennial meeting of the International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture and Society (IASSCS) is entitled Sex and the Marketplace: Whats Love got to do with it? and will take place from 28th to 31st August 2013 in Buenos Aires-Argentina. This conference is co-organized by the Study Group on Sexualities (GES for its initials in Spanish), Institute Gino Germani, School of Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina and hosted by Mario Pecheny.
As the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) leaders participate in the Thirty-Third Regular Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government in Saint Lucia on Wednesday, 4 July, 2012 under the Chairmanship of the Dr. the Hon. Kenny D. Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia citizens are holding them accountable for their responsibilities. >>>
A member of the ministry of foreign affairs provided a short video clip to local SOGI advocacy group CAISO, the program, titled “Diplomatic Encounters” with interviewer C's Gideon Hanoomansingh speaks to Trinidad and Tobago’s Ambassador to the United Nations Rodney Charles. The ministry representative depicted it as "a clear outline of what Trinidad & Tobago's position is on this issue" with regards to issues regarding sexual orientati >>>
13/06/2012 | ILGA-LAC equipo de comunicacion
We are looking for someone that contributes to the identification, research and publication of current national issues negatively affecting men and women from a gender approach, human rights, justice in the rural area and improving access to justice from an intercultural perspective. Also, to contribute to development &/or consolidation of coordinated local justice systems in order to provide a more adequate service to women and children affected by situations of violence in the rural areas. >>>
Adults who want sex-change surgery or hormone therapy in Argentina will be able to get it as part of their public or private health care plans under a gender rights law approved Wednesday 9th May 2012. >>>

domain: sociology


text:
Charlie Brown and friends may come around every year on TV, but Peanuts fans will soon get the chance to see Charles Schulz's beloved characters on the big screen. In a new teaser trailer for…
Fox has tapped Paul Feig to produce, and possibly direct, an untitled comedy pitch from Melissa Stack. Fox-based Feig and Jessie Henderson are producing under their Feigco shingle. Stack will script…
Let NBC have their live musicals. Charlie Brown and his friends are sticking with ABC. The network has extended its deal with Peanuts Worldwide LLC and Lee Mendelson Film Productions to air the…
Paul Feig will produce and oversee an animated “Peanuts” movie for Twentieth Century Fox Animation and Blue Sky Studios. The move comes a year after Fox acquired the feature film rights to Charles…
The best part about "The Goldbergs," alas, comes at the very end, when we see video footage of the actual characters who inspired this autobiographical comedy. It's a link to humanity and reality in…
Nickelodeon is readying for launch new live-action comedy "The Haunted Hathaways" -- featuring kid viral hip-hop star Benjamin "Lil P-Nut" Flores Jr. -- with a premiere date of July 13.
Full of inspired detours and colorful non sequiturs, Jeff Broadway's music documentary will be greeted as a godsend by hardcore hip-hop fans.
Christopher Lloyd has made a career of playing mad geniuses, which makes this brilliant clown a perfect fit for Azdak, the wise fool who injects some cockeyed sanity into the state-sanctioned lunacy…
Fox proved once again to stellar at showmanship during its slate presentation Thursday at CinemaCon.
Addressing a longstanding complaint from theater owners, Universal Studios chairman Adam Fogelson declared that studios should mimic U's strategy of releasing major titles all year — rather than…

domain: artistic


text:
- Open Access
Locomotive syndrome in hemodialysis patients and its association with quality of life—a cross-sectional study
Renal Replacement Therapy volume 7, Article number: 36 (2021)
Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as impairment of mobility function.
This study aimed to clarify LS and its association with quality of life in hemodialysis patients.
This is a cross-sectional study. The subjects were chronic kidney disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment. LS was assessed using two physical tests (two-step test, stand-up test) and one self-reported test (Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-25). LS has two stages of severity; the beginning of the decline in mobility function is known as Locomo stage 1, and the progression of the decline of mobility function is known as Locomo stage 2. We used SF-36 to assess quality of life and examined their relationships with the Locomo stages. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, and Mantel-Haenszel test were used for analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to model the cross-sectional association of Locomo stages with each component and summary score of SF-36.
A total of 76 hemodialysis patients were included. The number of subjects with Locomo stage 1 and stage 2 were 19 (25%) and 53 (70%), respectively, while only four (5%) subjects did not have mobility dysfunction. Each component and summary score of the SF-36 for physical function, role emotional, physical component summary, and mental component summary were significantly associated with Locomo stages.
A high prevalence and severity of LS in hemodialysis patients was found, and the severity was associated with quality of life.
Activities of daily living (ADL) and the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis treatment are known to be worse than those of non-dialysis patients [1,2,3]. One of the reasons for poor ADL/QOL in CKD patients is the impairment of physical functions, including locomotive organ dysfunction, secondary to several CKD-related factors such as protein–energy wasting, frailty, sarcopenia, bone disorder, and amyloidosis [4,5,6,7,8]. Thus, the proper assessment of physical function, especially that of locomotive organs, is necessary in CKD patients.
The Japanese Orthopedic Association proposed the concept of Locomotive syndrome (LS), which is a condition of reduced mobility due to impairment of the locomotive organs including muscles, nerves, bones, and joints . The impairment of locomotive organs is associated not only with ADL, but also with psychological condition [10, 11]. LS can be assessed using two physical tests (two-step test, stand-up test) and one self-report test (the question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-25 (GLFS-25)) . LS comprises two stages, the beginning of the decline of mobility function, which is known as Locomo stage 1, and the progression of the decline of mobility function, which is known as Locomo stage 2 . Elderly patients develop LS earlier than sarcopenia or frailty , and it is related to falls, cognitive decline, depression, and impairment of QOL [15,16,17,18]. CKD patients have a high risk of sarcopenia and frailty, as well as reduced QOL; however, no data are available on the frequency or severity of LS, as well as related factors in dialysis patients.
In this article, we report (1) the prevalence and severity of LS and (2) the association of LS with QOL in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
Design and setting
A cross-sectional study was conducted at two hemodialysis centers in Japan from May 2018 to November 2018. Subjects underwent regular hemodialysis therapy three times per week for more than 1 year. We excluded patients who had severe respiratory, cardiovascular disease, or inability to answer questionnaires (impairment of reading comprehension, vision impairment, or cognitive impairment). All subjects provided written informed consent prior to enrolment. The protocol of this study is compliant with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. The study protocol was approved by the Shinkohkai Murakamikinen Hospital ethics committee (No.1701, August 2, 2017) and registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network center (UMIN000038246).
Assessment of LS (Locomo test)
This test measured the stride length to assess walking ability, including muscle strength, balance, and flexibility of the lower limbs. The two-step test was performed as follows: (1) subjects stood behind the start line with their toes aligned; (2) subjects were instructed to take two steps as long as possible and then align both feet; (3) we measured the length of the two steps from the starting line to the tips of the subject’s toes. The two-step test score was calculated using the following formula: length of the two steps (cm) ÷ height (cm) .
This test assessed leg strength by having the subject stand up on one or both legs from a specified height . After preparing two seats of different heights (40 and 20 cm); first, the subjects stood up from a height of 40 cm with one leg (right or left). If subjects were unable to stand up, the subjects were then asked to stand up from a height of 20 cm using both legs.
The GLFS-25 is a self-reported comprehensive measure that consists of 25 questions that refer to experiences in the preceding month. The scale addresses four dimensions using 25 questions (four questions regarding pain, 16 questions regarding ADL, three questions regarding social functions, and two questions regarding mental health status). These 25 questions were graded using a 5-point scale from no impairment (0 points) to severe impairment (4 points), and then arithmetically added to produce a total score (minimum 0, maximum 100) .
Operational definition for severity of LS
The subjects were categorized as Locomo stage 1 if any of the following three conditions were met: stand-up test, inability to perform one-leg standing from a 40-cm-high seat; two-step test, < 1.3; and GLFS-25 score, ≥ 7. The subjects were categorized as Locomo stage 2 if any of the following three conditions were met: stand-up test, inability to stand using both legs from a 20-cm-high seat; two-step test, < 1.1; GLFS-25 score, ≥ 16 .
Body mass index was calculated based on body weight after hemodialysis. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (In Body S10, In Body Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea). The measurement was conducted in the supine position after hemodialysis to obtain data regarding skeletal muscle mass, body fat, extracellular water/total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), and phase angle (measured at 50 kHz). The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated using the following formula: skeletal muscle mass (kg) ÷ height2 (m2). We defined muscle mass as SMI < 7.0 kg/m2 for men and < 5.7 kg/m2 for women; obesity was defined as > 25% body fat for men and > 35% body fat for women [20, 21].
Non-fasting blood samples were drawn before hemodialysis sessions. We analyzed serum albumin, C-reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, and hemoglobin. If there was hypoalbuminemia (< 4.0 g/dL), the calcium was corrected using the following formula: Corrected calcium concentration = Measured calcium concentration (mg/dL) + (4 − Serum albumin (g/dL)) .
The Mini Nutritional Assessment®–short form (MNA®-SF) is an assessment tool consisting of six items. The items are as follows: declining food intake over 3 months (score: no decrease = 2, moderate decrease = 1, severe decrease = 0), weight loss during the past 3 months (score: no weight loss = 3, weight loss between 1 and 3 kg = 2, does not know = 1, weight loss greater than 3 kg = 0), mobility (score: goes out = 2, able to get out of bed/chair but does not go out = 1, bed- or chair-bound = 0), psychological stress or acute disease in the past 3 months (score: no = 2, yes = 0), neuropsychological problems (score: no psychological problems = 2, mild dementia = 1, severe dementia or depression = 0), and body mass index (BMI) (score: BMI 23 or greater = 3, BMI 21 to less than 23 = 2, BMI less than 19 = 0). A total score of 12–14 reflects normal nutritional status, 8–11 reflects at risk of malnutrition, and 0–7 represents malnourishment .
The geriatric nutritional index (GNRI) was calculated from the serum albumin and body weight using the following equation: GNRI = [14.89 × Albumin (g/dL)] + [41.7 × Body weight after hemodialysis (kg)/Ideal body weight (kg)]. If the patient’s body weight exceeded their ideal body weight, body weight was set to 1 .
We used the SF-36 v2®, Japanese version to assess QOL. Subject responses to the SF-36 were used to determine scores for eight subscales (physical functioning (PF), role physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), social functioning (SF), general health perceptions (GH), vitality (VT), role emotional (RE), and mental health (MH)), and three component scores (physical component score (PCS), mental component score (MCS), and role-social component score (RCS)). All domain scores were transformed such that 50 represents the mean of the general Japanese population, and the standard deviation was 10 using software (iHope International Inc. Kyoto, Japan).
The statistical significance of differences among each Locomo stage group was calculated using the chi-square test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Trend test was examined by the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test or Mantel-Haenszel test for trend. Values of p < .05 were considered significant. Multiple linear regression was used to model the cross-sectional association of Locomo stages with each component and summary score of SF-36, and the model was adjusted for age, sex, and dialysis vintage. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Seventy-six hemodialysis patients participated in this study, including 52 men and 24 women with a median age of 68 years old (interquartile range (IQR): 59–77 years), body mass index of 20.5 kg/m2 (IQR: 19.1–24.3 kg/m2), and 7-year duration of dialysis (IQR: 2–14 years). The primary cause of CKD included diabetes (38%), chronic glomerulonephritis (49%), renal sclerosis (8%), and others (5%). The presence of disease or complications related to physical dysfunction and QOL were included: cerebrovascular disease (8%), cardiovascular disease (12%), orthopedic disease (18%), cancer (13%), and dementia (1%). The patients underwent hemodialysis treatment three times a week. Each session was 4 h long, and Kt/V was 1.53 (IQR: 1.36–1.67). No adverse event occurred during the study protocol.
The number of Non-locomo, Locomo stage 1, and Locomo stage 2 subjects were 4 (5%), 19 (25%), and 53 (70%), respectively. Patient characteristics in each Locomo test group are shown in Table 1. There were significant differences in age, stand-up test result, two-step test result, and GLFS-25 between the groups. Figure 1 shows the results of the GLFS-25. More than half of subjects had pain in their body, reduced ability to go up and down the stairs, difficulty or inability to walk, inability to do housework, reduced sport and social activity, and anxiety over falling. Table 2 shows the body compositions, laboratory values, and nutritional parameters of the groups. SMI, phase angle, and serum creatinine and calcium levels were significantly different between the three groups. In the trend test, as worsening Locomo stage, significant trend of increase found low SMI, body fat, obesity, ECW/ TBW, and significant trend of decline found phase angle, and serum creatinine.
SF-36 components, such as PF, RE, PCS, and MCS were different among Locomo stages. In trend test, PF, RP, RE, and PCS were found in significant trend of decline as worsening Locomo stage. MCS was found in significant trend of increase as worsening Locomo stage (Table 3).
In this study, we found that dialysis patients have LS frequently, and the LS is often of a severe level. Moreover, the severity of LS was associated with QOL. Our findings indicate the importance of assessing LS in dialysis patients, and that further studies to improve locomotive organ dysfunction will be needed for better QOL/ADL as well as survival in dialysis patients.
LS is a major cause of requiring care in the general population , and it is important to evaluate it in addition to sarcopenia and frailty in dialysis patients who have poor ADL and mortality. Hemodialysis patients seem to have a higher prevalence and worse Locomo stage (Table 1) than those reported previously in the general population which is estimated at 69.8% and 25.1% in Locomo stages 1 and 2, respectively . The impairment of locomotive organs is induced by several CKD-related factors including dialysis therapy, protein–energy wasting, accumulation of uremic toxins, mineral and bone disorders, and dialysis-related amyloidosis. Those factors can lead to impairment of ADLs after the initiation of dialysis treatment . Protein–energy wasting reduces muscle mass and muscle strength in hemodialysis patients . The serum level of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, is associated with skeletal muscle mass in peritoneal dialysis patients . Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is positively correlated with CKD stage, may be associated with the reduction of muscle mass because in mice that underwent subtotal nephrectomy, fat-specific knockout of PTH receptor inhibited muscle mass reduction and improved muscle strength . In addition, a multicenter cross-sectional study showed that knee joint pain was associated with impaired ADL in hemodialysis patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis . Thus, the severity of LS in hemodialysis patients may be explained by the high prevalence of pain in bone, joints, and skeletal muscle . Although exercise is effective in improving physical function and QOL in dialysis patients, advanced locomotive organ dysfunction and joint pain are major causes of limiting exercise and physical activity [31,32,33]. Locomo test including GLFS-25 can examine locomotive organ function and joint pain, but sarcopenia or frailty assessment cannot examine those. Thus, to evaluate and manage LS as well as frailty and sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients will be important because impaired locomotive organs will be associated with worse ADL/QOL, especially those who need frequent visit to their hospitals for dialysis treatment. We showed the severity of LS in maintenance hemodialysis patients with average age and dialysis duration compared with those reported by Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy . In this study, 95% of them had LS, and we must pay attention to adopt it for elderly dialysis patients who will have severe locomotive organ dysfunction compared with younger patients. However, even in those high-risk population, it may be important to check the Locomo stage regularly to find the effect of the intervention, such as exercise, nutrition, and dialysis therapy on the locomotive organs management in the future. Locomo test is consisted with subjective and objective information focused on the condition of locomotive organs, and further studies will be needed for a direct comparison between LS and sarcopenia/frailty in hemodialysis patients.
LS is associated with the impairment of QOL in hemodialysis patients (Table 3). It is known that hemodialysis patients have a worse physical component with respect to QOL .
LS causes deteriorating ADL in the general population , and impairment of ADL is associated with a lower physical component summary of QOL in hemodialysis patients . Taken together, LS may be the major cause of the impairment of QOL via deteriorating ADL. GLFS-25 is a tool to understand ADL with questionnaire and subjective, and we may need to examine the association of GLFS-25 with objective and instrumental ADL in hemodialysis patients. MCS was found in significant trend of increase as worsening Locomo stage (Table 3). Previous study did not find significant difference between Locomo stages 1 and 2 in MCS in the general population , and further study will be needed to examine the association in hemodialysis patients with a large sample size.
We found that ECW/TBW, phase angle, and obesity were related to the severity of LS in hemodialysis patients. ECW and phase angle negatively correlate with muscle strength in hemodialysis patients [38,39,40], and ECW/TBW, phase angle, and obesity may suggest the existence of LS. In addition, LS is associated with increased body fat . Hemodialysis patients have increased levels of intramuscular fat, which might be the cause of the reduced muscle strength . Therefore, LS is related more strongly with obesity than malnutrition.
Our study has several limitations. First, our results demonstrated severe LS in hemodialysis patients, and the non-LS group was smaller than the LS group, which may be insufficient for comparison. Second, this study used a simple stand-up test because we considered the fatigue of the subjects instead of the original stand-up test. Third, QOL is associated with the life environment, for example, income, family, and intelligence; however, we did not survey those factors. Fourth, we did not examine cognitive function, while only 1% of participants was diagnosed with dementia. Finally, our study had a small sample; further research is needed to confirm the findings in a large cohort study. Even with those limitations, this study showed the severe limitation of locomotive organs in hemodialysis patients using the detailed assessment of LS, QOL, and body composition. The routine practice to manage LS by medical staff may help to maintain QOL and ADL in hemodialysis patients.
A highly prevalent and severe LS were found in hemodialysis patients. The severity of LS was associated with impaired physical QOL. These findings suggest that LS may be an important concept for QOL in hemodialysis patients.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Activities of daily living
Body mass index
Chronic kidney disease
General health perceptions
Geriatric locomotive function scale-25
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index
Mental component score
Mini nutritional assessment-short form
Physical component score
Quality of life
Role-social component score
Skeletal muscle index
Total body water
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This study was supported by a grant from The Kidney Foundation, Japan (grant number JKFB17-22).
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The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the institutional Review Board at Shinkohkai Murakami-Kinen Hospital (approval number: 1701).
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Kitabayashi, K., Yamamoto, S., Katano, Y. et al. Locomotive syndrome in hemodialysis patients and its association with quality of life—a cross-sectional study. Ren Replace Ther 7, 36 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41100-021-00352-w
- Locomotive syndrome
- Quality of life
- Body composition
- Physical assessment

domain: medical


text:
I've been so busy!!
I have started some wonderful stories that I haven't finished but will, asap.
But, today I leave for a Caribbean cruise and doubt that I will be at a computer while on board (wouldn't that be the height of epitome?!!) -- I intend, fully, to spend my entire r&r time doing just that: r&r. And by that, I mean partying.
When I return, though, I have some stories to share...
In the meantime, I shall post one parting blog later today, in honour of the Academy Awards tomorrow night.
For now, I bid anyone reading


text:
MUMBAI: Shares of two liquor makers, United Spirits and United Breweries , fell on Wednesday as investors became jittery ahead of Tamil Nadu election results. The expectation that DMK will come to power in the State made investors nervous as the ... Economic Times, 1 week ago
Steady expansion in rural markets, sustained leadership position in biscuits, and a strong presence in across mass, premium, and super-premium segments in the biscuits category are the key reasons behind Britannia's strong volume growth in recent ...Smart Investor, 1 month ago
Related to : Britannia Industries Ltd Britannia Industries Ltd BSE 30 Mar 16 | 12:00 AM 2636.35 53.75 (2.08%) NSE 30 Mar 16 | 12:00 AM 2638.50 55.35 (2.14%) Strong expansion in EBITDA margin has fuelled a re-rating of the ...Smart Investor, 1 month ago
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domain: economics


Piaggio India has updated its Vespa and Aprilia scooters with BS-VI compliance. Thanks to a higher displacement engine, the BS-VI Aprilia scooters offer better performance over the BS-IV Aprilia (150..
The Piaggio Elettrica electric scooter introduced last year is unlikely to be launched in India. It is mainly intended for Europe and the USA. However, IAB understands that Piaggio plans to introduce..
To boost the sales during the festive season, Piaggio India has announced special benefits for Vespa and Aprilia scooters. Under a ‘Funtabulous Offer’. the company has announced benefits worth INR 10,..
In a recent interview, Diego Graffi, Managing Director and CEO of Piaggio Vehicles, confirmed that the company is working on an India-specific Aprilia scooter that will fal in the 150-200 cc segment...
Piaggio India has just launched the facelifted Aprilia SR 150 moto-scooter. The new model comes with mobile connectivity technology, adjustable suspension, and new colour options. It is priced at INR..
Along with the 2018 Vespa VXL150 and the 2018 Vespa SXL150, Piaggio India has launched the new Vespa Notte 125. Priced at INR 68,829 (ex-showroom, Pune), the model seems to be inspired from the Vespa..


text:
Over 300 friends of The Christi Center gather each year to honor and remember loved ones
at our Annual Candlelight Remembrance Service.
We know that the holidays can be an especially difficult time of year for those who are grieving. The Remembrance Service provides an opportunity to gather with others who understand and take time to remember loved ones who will never be forgotten. We invite you to join us to hang photos of loved ones on our Tree of Remembrance and listen to a message of comfort, hope, and healing. The quiet presence of others who understand will provide you with a time of peaceful reflection, companionship and support.
The 2014 Remembrance Service will be held on December 14th.
At past services, we have asked participants to share what brings them comfort and hope during times of intense grief. Visit our blog to read some of their responses. You can find the complete collection in a scrapbook The Christi Center library. Click here to see photos of past events.
Special Thanks to Our 2013 Sponsors
Dick and Mary Jane Schott
Anonymous Friends of The Christi Center


Real estate boom fuels city budget surplus.
What drives Landmarks Commission chair Tierney?
More priced out of Long Island housing market.
Building industry frets immigration laws’ effects.
Existing-home sales fall nationwide, report says.
WTC Memorial pulls in $50M in a month.
Vornado’s Roth has “strong convictions.”
Booted owner pickets co-op board chair.
Lower-end luxury housing slumps nationally.
Did we miss any New York City real estate news this morning? Please send along tips and links.


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NIJ Certified: Level IV (Model #1189) and Level III (Model #1088)
US Patent: 14/054,260 (Pending)
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text:
30-Day Declutter Challenge Printable
Use hooks, not towel bars. | 34 Ingenious Ways To De-Clutter Your Entire Life
Make a pallet tee pee! Another use for pallets and perfect if you don't have a tree in your yard to build a tree house! Very cool!
freaking genius!! Outdoor solar lamp idea, so cool!
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A roundup of fun, trendy and beautiful free printables for gallery walls. From patterns to calligraphy to modern stock pics, we've got your hip prints here.


text:
New Plan for Foreclosures Is Drafted To Effect Economies and Reduce Delays
By LEE E. COOPER ();
February 01, 1939,
, Section Real Estate, Page 43, Column , words
Five proposals for changes in the State's mortgage foreclosure system to effect economies and to simplify procedure will be studied tomorrow at the monthly meeting of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York.

domain: finance


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