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This is a good diet for everyone...
Combine this with lots of healthy fats and fasting18 hours a day
Cancer Never Sleeps
Cancer never sleeps and is continually gnawing away at your body. Cancer thrives in an environment that would kill healthy cells. Instead of requiring oxygen like normal healthy cells—cancer feeds on the fermentation of sugar—without oxygen. Cancer is a thief and robs nutrients from healthy cells. This loss of nutrients causes the healthy cells to stop dividing and die. When they die—they form Acidic Waste. Additional waste is created for those who have taken Chemo or used Radiation as these treatments kill not only cancer cells, but healthy cells as well leaving even more Acidic Waste. Therefore, you must always be on your toes doing everything you can to STOP this thief. You may not have a lot of control over cancer, BUT you do when it comes to YOUR diet.
Understanding What A Cancer Diet Is
With regards to a cancer treatment, every food that we eat or drink can be categorized into several different categories:
* Foods that feed and strengthen the cancer cells and/or the microbes in the cancer cells and body. Examples would be refined sugar, refined flour, soda pop, dairy products, etc.
* Foods that cause cancer (e.g. trans fatty acids [margarine, french fries and virtually every other processed food you buy], aspartame [Diet Coke, NutraSweet, Equal, etc.], MSG, polyunsaturated oils [e.g. corn oil], etc.)
* Foods that directly interfere with alternative treatments for cancer (e.g. chlorine, fluoride, alcohol, coffee, [cigarettes], etc.)
* Foods that occupy and distract the immunity system from focusing on killing the cancer cells (e.g. beef, turkey, etc.)
* Foods that contain nutrients that kill the cancer cells, stop the spread of cancer, or in some other way help treat cancer (e.g. a variety of vegetables, purple grapes with seeds and skin, red raspberries with seeds, strawberries with seeds, broccoli, cauliflower, several herbs, carrots, apricot seeds, pineapples, almonds, etc.)
In addition, there are things like cooking vegetables. The cooking destroys the live enzymes in the vegetables and makes them far less digestible and far less effective in treating cancer. Also, any pasteurized foods and drinks have no live enzymes either.
Ideally, during a cancer treatment, if foods are allowed on a particular diet,100% of everything you eat should be in the category of...
"Foods that contain nutrients that kill the cancer cells, stop the spread of cancer,or in some other way help treat the cancer."
Whenever you eat a food that is not in that category, you are interfering with your cancer treatment!This is why so many cancer diets are very high in certain raw vegetables and certain raw fruits.
FOODS THAT FIGHT CANCER
"Ursolic Acid is a dietary compound found in some herbs and fruits. Exhibiting powerful anticancer potential, researchers are aware of ursolic acid’s ability to reduces enzymes which promote inflammation in the body and contribute to abnormal cell cycles. It also helps trigger “cell suicide” to occur in cancerous cells as well as inhibit DNA replication from occurring responsible for the progression of tumor growth and metastasis." ~NIH.gov
"Foods that help fight cancer containing ursolic acid... apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, peppermint, rosemary, lavender, oregano, thyme, hawthorn, and prunes." ~source
Piperine, known as the “King of Spices” may help to lower the incidence of cancers relating to the stomach and breast. In fact, piperine (a compound found in black pepper, chili powder and cayenne pepper) has been identified as one of the major compounds which target cancer stem cells of breast tumors. ~NIH.gov (1), ~NIH.gov (2) and ~NIH.gov (3)
Lycopene Destroys Cancer Cells
Lycopene is a bioactive compound which has been shown to destroy cancer cell activity. Lycopene can disrupt cancer stem cell’s communication pathways which enable a cancer cell to live and cause it to die.
Lycopene has been shown to protect against cancers.
Lycopene gives fruits and vegetables their red fleshed pigmentation. Some of these lycopene rich food sources which help fight cancer are...
Isothiocyanates Have Anticancer Properties
Isothiocyanates are chemopreventive (have anticancer properties) and have been extensively studied over the past 20 years and have revealed that they exhibit antitumor activity. They target multiple pathways including apoptosis (cell death).
Foods which contain this cancer fighting and anti-tumor substance are... horseradish, turnip, rape, swede, white/red cabbage, savoy cabbage, brussel sprouts, cauliflower, sprouting broccoli, curly kale, Chinese white cabbage, garden cress, watercress, radish, white mustard, papaya. ~NIH.gov
When seeking to prevent and treat cancer, aim to consume at least two servings of cruciferous vegetable sprouts daily for optimal impact.
Turmeric Suppresses Progression and Metastasis
"Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcumin longa), is one such agent that has been extensively studied over the last three to four decades for its potential anti-inflammatory and/or anti-cancer effects. Curcumin has been found to suppress initiation, progression, and metastasis of a variety of tumors." ~NIH.gov
"Curcumin is an extract found in the spice turmeric and possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer abilities. Curcumin has the ability to control inflammation, prevent tumor invasion, hinder cancer cell growth, turn off factors which suppress apoptosis (cell death), prevent angiogenesis (creation of new blood vessels) and inhibit metastasis." ~NIH.gov
NOTE: piperine can increase the bioavailability of curcumin by 2,000%.
Green Tea - The 2nd Most Consumed Beverage in the World
"Tea in chemoprevention of cancer. Tea produced from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis is, next to water, the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Among all teas consumed in the world, green tea is the best studied for health benefits, including chemopreventive efficacy . . . In recent years, many studies from our and other laboratories have shown strong chemopreventive and possibly cancer chemotherapeutic effects of green tea polyphenols and EGCG against cancers of the skin (UV radiation and chemically induced), lung, breast, colon, liver, stomach, prostate, and other sites." ~American Association for Cancer Research
Polyphenols Fight Cancer
"Resveratrol (polyphenols) has a profound ability to prevent and heal metabolic conditions especially relating to cancer cells. Resveratrol protects cell’s ability to repair damage and extends their lifespan." ~NIH.gov
"Resveratrol has shown protective properties from cancer of the prostate, liver, pancreas, colon, skin and many other organs." ~NIH.gov
These are some of the foods with polyphenols that fight cancer...
Spices... Cloves, star anise, capers, curry powder, ginger, cumin, cinnamon
Dried herbs... Peppermint, oregano, sage, rosemary, thyme, basil, lemon verbena, parsley, marjoram
Beverages... Cocoa, Green tea, Black tea, Red wine
Dark berries... Black chokeberry, black elderberry, low bush blueberry, plum, cherry, blackcurrant, blackberry, strawberry, raspberry, prune, black grapes, Blueberries, Bilberries (Whortleberry), Cranberries, Lingonberry (Cowberry), Huckleberry and Farkleberry
Seeds... Flaxseed, celery seeds
Nuts... Chestnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, almonds, walnuts
Olives... Black olives, green olives
Vegetables... Globe artichokes, red chicory, green chicory, red onion, spinach, broccoli, curly endive
Fruit other than berries... Apples, apple juice, pomegranate juice, peach, blood orange juice, lemon juice, apricot, quince
Oils... Extra-virgin olive oil
Ginger Protects Cells
Ginger is a phytonutrient which protects against free radical damage and has exhibited strong neuroprotective properties in research. Ginger enhances the antioxidant defense system by contributing pharmacological activity to protect cells from carcinogens and cancerous activity. ~NIH.gov
Quercetin Exhibits Cancer Prevention & Treatment Properties
Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid compound. Modern studies have shown that quercetin prevents various diseases, such as osteoporosis, some forms of cancer, tumors, and lung and cardiovascular diseases. The antioxidant properties of Quercetin exhibits cancer prevention and treatment properties by improving the production of other antioxidant levels including glutathione and SOD. ~NIH.gov
Short list with most powerful cancer fighters listed first... Elderberry, Red Onions, White Onions, Cranberries, Green Hot Peppers, Kale, Blueberries, Red Apples, Romain Lettuce, Pears, Spinach, Capers, Goji Berries, Lovage Leaves, Asparagus, Okra, Red Grapes, Arena Berries, Raw Black Plums, and Bell Peppers.
Anthocyanins Suppress and Treat Tumors
"Anthocyanins (over 600 types) occur naturally in foods. Anthocyanins exhibit anticancer potential by supporting gene function. Anthocyanins also trigger apoptosis (cell death) by manipulating the communication between cancer stem cells and tumors. Anthocyanins boost the productivity of genes which suppress tumors, induce apoptosis (cell death) in colon cancer cells and create dysfunction in leukemia cells." ~NIH.gov
"Consuming both fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables containing these powerful phytochemicals can protect your body from developing cancer and treat already present tumors.
Additionally, the anthocyanins freeze-dried berries may exhibit chemopreventive (have anticancer properties) properties and suppress tumor development." ~NIH.gov
Anthocyanins cancer fighting properties are found in these foods... blackberries, blueberries, cherries, cranberries, eggplant, grape juice, plums, prunes, raisins, red apples, red beans, red beets, red cabbage, cauliflower, red or purple grapes, red onions, red pears, red wines, and strawberries.
One Last Grouping
Several spices are potential sources for prevention and treatment of cancers, such as Curcuma longa (tumeric), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Allium sativum (garlic), Crocus sativus (saffron), Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Capsicum annum (chili pepper), which contained several important bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, thymoquinone, piperine and capsaicin. The main mechanisms of action include inducing apoptosis (cell death), inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion of tumors." NIH.gov
Almost all Fruits are Forbidden. Fruits contain sugar and cancer feeds on sugar. A good cancer diet should be designed to balance the pH in the blood and "remove" (I use that term in a non-technical way in this case) yeast and fungus from the body!
Foods in TWO Categories. Some foods are in more than one category. This makes them an even better choice to add to your list of foods that help treat cancer.
Juicing. Juicing is really important occasionally because it allows the nutrients to be easily delivered and digested.
stop eating sugar!
Processed sugar ferments in the body.
That fermentation causes the pH level to drop to Acidic levels.
Also, sugar blocks the absorption of calcium, and creates low oxygen or a no oxygen level in the cells.
To top that all off – sugar feeds on cancer.
This includes: NO – fruit, white bread, pasta, sodas, NO sugar at all… period!!
Meat, Fish, Fowl and Dairy
The two critical enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin are tied up when digesting meat (primarily red meat). Both of these are critical in helping the immune system kill cancer cells. Vegetable proteins do not tie up those enzymes.
Another reason to avoid meat is adherence to the theory that meat contributes to the accumulation of fecal matter in the colon. The colon should be relatively clear during a cancer treatment so that the body can absorb as many nutrients as possible. All foods which ferment in the bowel should be avoided. Additional concerns about meat consumption are theorized to be hormones, carcinogens (nitrosamines, nitrates, nitrites), and production of uric acid leading to a microbe friendly acidic environment. Patient testimonials regarding changes in diet leading to cancer remission are touted as evidence for avoiding meat altogether.
All beef, all pork, all fish, all turkey and all chicken should be avoided during a cancer treatment unless otherwise specified by Dr Pablo.
EXCEPTION: Dr Pablo does allow a small exception to this "rule." He allows both fish and chicken to keep your diet from seeming so bland or difficult during the transition.
There are many reasons for these restrictions. The only exception is that if a person is fighting weight loss, some fresh, freshwater fish can be eaten if that is the ONLY thing the cancer patient will eat (e.g. they won't eat beans or other legumes).
Avoid dairy products, including butter, all cheeses and all malts, except cottage cheese or skim milk when used in the Budwig Diet.
If a person must have milk, the only acceptable variety is unprocessed goat's milk, "from organically grown and grazing goats."
The Rule of Thumb is this: "if it contains something that came from an animal, it is forbidden!"
the good, the bad and the ugly
ALL man-made sweeteners (e.g. aspartame - NutraSweet, Equal) and fat substitutes should also be avoided. These items are most often associated with brain cancer, but everyone should avoid them.
This is one of many reasons soda pops are out of the question. Soda pops are also acidic.
There is only one acceptable sweetener in a cancer diet - Stevia, which is an herb.
Sugar and Refined Grains
interfere with the immune system
You should absolutely avoid eating refined sugar and refined grains and anything else refined. These things not only feed the fungus and yeast in your body, they also feed the cancer cells. The yeast in flour makes things even worse. Do not eat anything where yeast, fungus or mold is used, added or is a part of.
In addition, refined sugar and other simple sugars also interfere with your immune system. These substances also interfere with getting Vitamin C and oxygen into the cancer cells. Sugar also depletes the body of key minerals and other nutrients because of its acidity. It is not the acidity that directly destroys the minerals, the acidity causes the body to use the minerals to regulate the pH level in the body. The same is true of all acidic foods.
The chain reaction caused in the body by acidic foods (due to the body's attempts to keep the blood at a level pH) is the cause, or a major contributing factor, to almost all chronic diseases, including cancer. It would take an entire book to describe how the body keeps its pH normal, and the ramifications of these processes.
avoid - except fresh soy sprouts
In reality, all soy products should be avoided except fresh soy sprouts. Soy sprouts have an impressive number of anti-cancer nutrients and are acceptable as part of your salads, if you can make your own soy sprouts.
should be avoided
Whole grains can be used only when a cancer patient is fighting dangerous weight loss. If the weight loss is uncontrolled, they should consider a cachexia treatment plan, based on Hydrazine Sulphate (see the sample treatment plans). Yeast, which every cancer patient has throughout their body, converts complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates, so even whole grains should be avoided when possible. In any case, avoid commercially stored grains and potatoes.
Another reason to avoid even whole grains is that over the decades the soil has become acidic and because of the soil many whole grains have more fungus than they did many decades ago. Corn and rice (because of the way they are stored) are grains that should be totally avoided.
Yeast (Baker's and Brewer's)
waste products of yeast are mycotoxins
This is another reason for avoiding processed bread and other bakery products: "Japanese research links breast cancer with the ingestion of goods baked with yeast." The problem is mycotoxins, which are waste products of yeast. There are many health problems that can be directly attributed to yeast, including arteriosclerosis, obesity, and AIDS.
NO flour (using yeast) can be used in a cancer diet, not even if whole grains are used!
may be a major cause of cancer
‘Refined’ salt may be a major cause of cancer.
Refined salt, the wrong fats, margarine and butter are the main causes of red blood cells sticking together (called: coagulation), causing them to absorb less oxygen and making hemoglobin a free meal for yeast and fungus.
The clumped together red blood cells do not get as much oxygen into the cells of the body. Also, the clumped together red blood cells cannot pass through the smaller arteries/capillaries, meaning much less (if any) oxygen gets to cells in these areas of the body, and some of these cells may be turned to anaerobic (i.e. cancerous). As if that weren't bad enough, once the cells are cancerous, the oxygen still can't get to the cancer cells to slow down their spreading or kill them.
On the other hand, natural sea salt has a very similar mineral content as human blood. It is truly a health food as long as you don't eat too much of it. Here is a quote:
Salts obtained from solar evaporation of sea water are entirely different from modern refined salt. The plural "salts’ is deliberately used here, because seawater salts are actually a complex blend of trace minerals, as well as calcium and magnesium salts. This complex blend is essential to life, as Quinton’s research demonstrated.
Traditional table salt today, [on the other hand,] is primarily kiln-dried sodium chloride with anti-caking agents such as “aluminum” added. Trace minerals, as well as calcium, magnesium and potassium salts are removed in processing. Kiln-drying involves scorching salt at high heat to remove moisture. This refining process creates a product that is unnatural and hard on the body. It is the true culprit that contributes to high blood pressure, heart trouble, kidney disease and eczema, among other problems.
Bad Fats and Oils
absolutely avoid partially hydrogenated oils
Other foods you should absolutely avoid are trans fats, meaning trans fatty acids or partially hydrogenated oils. Trans fatty acids may be one of the major causes of cancer. They become part of the cell's wall (replacing cholesterol) and make the cell wall rigid or sticky and can make the cell anaerobic (i.e. the first step to becoming cancerous) because large oxygen clusters cannot get into the cells.
Like refined salt, these fats also destroy the electrical charge of red blood cells, causing them to "stick" together. When this happens, among other things, the red blood cells do not get to many cancer cells, meaning the cancer cells get far less oxygen (if any), meaning they thrive because they are anaerobic.
Another bad food for cancer patients is polyunsaturated oils.
Polyunsaturated oils (e.g. corn oils sold in supermarkets everywhere) promote the growth of small blood vessels (by promoting the production of "bad" prostaglandins). This is bad for cancer because it allows tumors to grow new blood vessels. However, these small blood vessels are good for preventing strokes. Thus, while on a cancer diet avoid polyunsaturated oils. In short, avoid all heated oils.
Junk Foods, Condiments and Other Comments
forget junk foods and condiments
You can forget about eating at a restaurant, big or small, formal or informal, unless it has a menu specifically for organic raw foods.
Condiments are absolutely forbidden.
Basically, any "refined" or "processed" food that contains sugar, refined salt, aspartame, MSG, trans-fatty acids, coloring, other additives, refined flour, etc. etc. should be avoided.
Even the cooking of food kills critical enzymes needed for digestion.
There is a trend in the food industry of making "no trans fats" foods. This does not mean these are healthy foods. They are "processed".
While it is true that cooking does release some vitamins by a very wide margin overall it is better to eat food raw if it can be safely eaten raw.
Need I even mention stop smoking (no matter what kind of cancer you have), because smoking puts more than 100 carcinogens in your body. Tobacco is also very high in sugar, fungi and yeasts. Part of this is because the way tobacco leaves are processed.
Need I even mention stop drinking alcohol (which is a "primary mycotoxin"), which interferes with ALL treatment plans.
Need I even mention caffeine (except when it is used as an enema), because caffeine restricts the blood vessels. It is also acid-forming and mucoid-forming.
Let us use some common sense in our choices.
Some Special Listed Foods)
look out for fungus
Peanuts are perhaps the number one food that should be avoided because they are so high in fungus. Foods that have little resistance to invaders, when they are growing, are frequently high in fungus.
Corn, rice (because of the way it is stored) and potatoes, and any foods with corn, rice or potatoes, should be avoided, also because of fungus and the way they are stored.
Cashews are another food high in fungus.
Avoid processed apple juice for reasons beyond the scope of this article.
Avoid oranges, tangerines, and dried fruits, for a variety of reasons.
Do not microwave any foods during a cancer diet (or any other time).
The Distressing Symptoms of a Severe Change in Diet)
The Distressing Symptoms of a Severe Change in Diet
When you go on a natural treatment for cancer, such as a raw food diet or juicing diet -- you can expect some strong reactions from the body.
Here are a few comments by those who have changed their diets...
“[After starting an alternative treatment program] I had chemotherapy coming out the pores of my skin, even though it had been months since I had any. I had to take showers several times a day to wash this stuff off because it would burn my skin as it came out. It smelled putrid. It was just awful, the toxic stuff that was coming out of me.”
"Something else I noticed was that any time she had a bowel movement (which became quite frequent after the start of the diet) it was so foul smelling, almost like she was excreting rotten flesh!"
"He is doing well at taking everything as he is supposed to. My sister said that she noticed a foul odor 'like it was coming out his pores' last Sunday. She said it smelled horrible and was nauseating and unbearable."
And if you are on a colon flush, it gets worse: "He reported lumps of foul smelling substances that looked like 'rotten hamburger' flushing out of his colon, his urine was strong and dark, and he had occasional headaches."
These symptoms, plus diarrhea, constipation, etc. can all result from a massive change in diet or the treatment itself.
They are common, they are normal and usually they are an indication the treatment is working!

domain: food


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If you're a cyclist and you enjoy reading about cycling or listening to podcasts about cycling, you have probably heard of Molly Hurford. Molly is like my soul sister- she even married a Canadian guy (Peter Glassford) and moved to Canada! She is the author of 4 books, the creator of TheOutdoorEdit.com, a coach, co-host of the Consummate Athlete podcast, a badass cyclist and runner, writes for several popular mainstream magazines like Outside Magazine and most recently: her latest book Shred Girls just came out! Her mission is to get girls and women to embrace wellness and adventure.
Molly is a self proclaimed comic book nerd and always wanted to create her own superheroes. She always had the idea of Shred Girls percolating in the background and brought it to life. The first book, Lindsay's Joyride, is a middle grade read about how a group of girls get into BMX, find their inner superpowers, and is guaranteed to teach the readers about the confidence that you can gain from participating in sports.
Topics Discussed in the Podcast
Learn about Molly Hurford
How to keep girls in sports The characters in Shred Girls and how Molly created them how to make friends what Molly learned about herself through writing these books how parents can be involved real life Shred Girls on shred-girls.com Listen Now
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Links/Books Mentioned Get Shred-Girls Check out Outdoor Edit (Molly's website) Listen to the Consummate Athlete Follow Molly on Instagram
Support the Show
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Thanks for listening!

domain: hobby


text:
Scarlett Johansson, a New York native born and bred in Manhattan, is an American actress and model whose career has skyrocketed in recent years!
Did you know?
- Johansson attended the Manhattan Professional Children’s School, the Alma Mater of actresses Carrie Fisher and Sarah Michelle Gellar.
- Before she was a star, Scarlett applied to NYU’s "Tisch School of the Arts" but was not accepted.
- In addition to acting she is also a singer/songwriter and has released two albums.

domain: celebrity


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- Do you own shares of Synutra International, Inc. (NASDAQ GS: SYUT )?
- Did you purchase any of your shares prior to November 18, 2016?
- Do you think the proposed buyout price is too low?
- Do you want to discuss your rights?
TheStreet highlights 3 stocks that pushed the Food & Beverage industry
TheStreet highlights 3 stocks pushing the Food & Beverage industry lower today.
Synutra International (Nasdaq:SYUT) has been downgraded by TheStreet Ratings from from a hold to sell.

domain: economics


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Dynamic speculation and synchronization of data dependences
Breach, Scott E.
Vijaykumar, Terani N.
Sohi, Gurindar Singh
IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA
MetadataShow full item record
This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.
Moshovos, A., Breach, S. E., Vijaykumar, T.N., & Sohi, G. S. (1997). Dynamic speculation and synchronization of data dependences. In Proceedings of the 1997 24th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, Jun 2-4 1997, , 181-193.

domain: literature


Types of Floods ( Shreeya ) (Coastal Floods (Strong winds generate large…
Types of Floods ( Shreeya )
Strong winds generate large waves known as storm surges.
bring out higher water levels and cause coastal floods.
Coastal floods can also be caused by tsunamis.
Caused by intense storms such as tropical storms and tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclones : typhoons and hurricanes.
Occur in areas along the coast.
Occur when the volume of water in a river channel increases beyond the capacity of the channel.
Water thus overflows the riverbanks and onto the floodplain, which refers to the low-lying land on either side of the river channel which are also known as leeves.
Possible causes of river floods are snow melt, heavy rainfall and dam failure.
Occurs suddenly and lasts for a short period of time.
Can be caused by river fall or coastal and river floods.
Can be recognised by the quick rise in water level.
Causes of Floods
refers to the droplets of water that falls to the ground.
condensation of atmospheric water vapour leads to formation of water droplets which form clouds
if the water droplets become too heavy, they fall as rain.
rainfall intensity, duration and frequency are characteristics of rainfall. the greater the rainfall intensity, duration and frequency, the greater the chance of a flood event occurring in a particular area.
rainfall intensity : rate at which rain falls , rainfall duration : duration of rain event , rainfall frequency : number of times a certain amount of rain falls within a period of time
Failure of Man-Made Structures
failure of man-made structures such as dams and levees can result in floods
a dam is a barrier built across a river to retain and store water. besides generating hydropower, a dam also helps to regulate the amount of water flowing in a rive. a dam failure can be disastrous for people living downstream.
the surface runoff that results from melting snow
a sudden rise of sea level in which water is piled up against a coastline beyond normal high-tide conditions.


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BMP-1 - ...МОДИФИКАЦИИ В МИРЕ
List of BMP-1 variants
This is a complete list of variants and designations of the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle (IFV). It is sorted by country of origin.
BMP-1 variants and modernization
BMP-1 "Razbezhka" - A BMP-1 with a turret from the BMD-2. It was to be armed with a 30 mm autocannon. It was developed by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant at the end of the 1990s. It never left the design stage.
BMP-1-30 - Modernization of the BMP-1, a prototype was built and tested in 1997. It came with a standard BMP-1 chassis equipped with the BMD-2 turret with 30 mm 2A42 autocannon and UTD-230 diesel engine developing 360 hp (268 kW) (its maximum road speed was increased to 70 km/h). It carries 300 rounds for the main gun. The BMP-1-30 weighs 13.8 tonnes and has a crew of 3 (+ 8 troopers).
BMP-1 - Experimentally fitted with the Israeli-developed OWS-25R one-man Overhead Weapon Station, it was armed with a 25 mm Oerlikon KBA autocannon, an ATGM launcher for two ATGMs, a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and equipped with six smoke grenade launchers.
BMP-1M - A modernization of the BMP-1, it weighs about 13 tonnes. It was developed at the end of the 1990s by the Tula Instrument Engineering Design Bureau (KBP) in order to increase the vehicle's combat efficiency 5-7 times. It is fitted with a TKB-799 "Kliver" one-man weapons station armed with a missile pod, a 30 mm 2A72 multipurpose autocannon (it can be used against both ground and air targets) and a 7.62 mm PKTM coaxial machine gun. The missile pod is mounted on the right side of the weapons station and normally holds four 9M133 Kornet (AT-14 Spriggan) or 9M133F "Kornet" ATGMs with a laser jam-resistant fire control system, but these can be removed and replaced by a pod of 9K38 Igla (SA-18 Grouse) surface-to-air missiles. It carries 300 rounds for the main gun, 2000 rounds for the machine gun and 4 ATGMs. It also has a modern computerized fire control system with a two-plane stabilizer and a 1K13-2 telescopic sight with distance measurement/thermal/laser channels and ballistic calculator with external sensors. Computer simulations proved that the BMP-1M can outperform the American M2/M3 Bradley at firepower efficiency (the tested aspects included ATGM power, the effective range of the ATGM and the autocannon during day and night conditions and launching the ATGM while on the move). In these simulations the BMP-1M won a combat engagement with the M2 Bradley 1.3 times more often. The first BMP-1M was tested at the AFV Research Institute in Kubinka in 1998. Two BMP-1Ms were shown publicly for the first time at the IDEX'99 International Exhibition in Abu Dhabi. The BMP-1M modernization is also offered on the export market.
BMP-1 - Fitted with "Bakhcha-U" weapons station developed by the Tula Instrument Engineering Design Bureau (KBP). It was designed in the 2000s (decade). The "Bakhcha-U" weapons station is armed with a 100 mm 2A70 gun/missile launcher (the same as the one fitted on the BMP-3), a 30 mm 2A72 autocannon and a 7.62 mm PKTM coaxial machine gun.
BMP-1AM Basurmanin - Upgraded version of BMP-1 developed by The Uralvagonzavod (UVZ) research-and-manufacturing corporation (a subsidiary of the Rostec state corporation). BMP-1AM is BMP-1 with the original turret replaced by the turret from BTR-80A wth 2A72 30 mm autocannon, a Kalashnikov PKTM 7.62 mm medium machinegun, and smoke grenade launchers 902V Tucha. The turret will be fitted with the TKN-4GA combined day-night sighting system. The 2A72 cannon will be able to use air burst munitions. Approved in 2018, it is the most recent Russian BMP-1 upgrade. The Russian army plans to upgrade all of their BMP-1s and BMP-1Ps to BMP-1AM level.
Auxiliary (refuelers, repair)
BTZ-3 (BTZ stands for bronirovanny toplivozapravshchik - armored refueler) - Is a BMP-1 converted into an armored refueler developed during the First Chechen War. Two prototypes were built. The BTZ is equipped with a 3,000-l fuel tank and a 100-l engine oil tank, fuel-oil pumps, a fuel-dispensing unit and a fire-extinguishing system. One prototype was used successfully in Chechnya. Preparations were made to start production.
RM-G (Ob'yekt 507) (RM-G stands for remontnaya mashina - gusenichnaya - repair vehicle, tracked) - It is a BMP-1 converted into a repair vehicle produced by the Rubtsovsk Engineering Works from 1995. It is used for technical reconnaissance as well as for routine repairs and the recovery of tanks and IFVs. The RM-G is fitted with a 1 tonne load platform, a superstructure at the rear of the hull and a 3 tonne KU-3 crane at the front of the hull. The superstructure has a small IR searchlight and six 81 mm 902V "Tucha" smoke grenade launchers (three on each side). It is armed with one 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The RM-G is also equipped with different tools, electric welding and diagnostic equipment and a RM-G electricity supply system for starting the engines of tanks and IFVs.
PRP-4A Argus This is an optical-electronic reconnaissance vehicle. It is the most recent variant of the PRP-4 family to be in service and production with upgraded equipment. It is being supplied to the Russian Ground Forces since 2009 and it is also available for export.
Civilian tracked vehicles converted from the BMP-1
ATM "Berezina" (ATM stands for avariyno-transportnaya mashina) is a decommissioned BMP-1 converted into a civilian multi-purpose emergency transport vehicle with built-up heated and glazed crew and passenger compartment sections. It is equipped with a load platform with a capacity of 500 kg. The "Berezina" was designed in the early 1990s for delivering goods and passengers to hard-to-reach places, welding in the field and towing road vehicles.
ATM "Berezina-2" - Improved version of the ATM "Berezina" with additional repair tools and new electric welding equipment powered by a VG-7500 generator. The fuel tanks were relocated to the outside of the vehicle to save space, (for 15 passengers). The vehicle is no longer amphibious. It is produced by the 140th Tank Repair Workshop. The full weight of the "Berezina-2" is 13 tonnes.
LPM-1 (LPM stands for leso-pozharnaya mashina - forest fire fighting vehicle) is a result of cooperation between the Russian Research Institute of Transport Engineering from Saint Petersburg and the 140th Tank Repair Workshop. A small production run between 1992 and 2001, produced 25 vehicles. The LPM-1 is equipped with a 2000-liter water-tank, a NShN-600N fire pump with a 600 L/min capacity, a plow and one or two remote fire hoses. It is sometimes incorrectly called the PPM-1.
LPM-2 - A more extensive conversion of a BMP-1 into a civil fire-fighting vehicle to be used against strong forest and peat fires. Development started in 1995. The LPM-2 has a new larger superstructure with a 5000-litre water-tank and is equipped with a NShN-600N fire pump, one main firehose from the ATs-40(131)137 fire fighting vehicle and two remote firehoses, a PKL-70 mounted ditching plow and a R-123M VHF radio. The suspension on the BMP-1 was changed significantly, ground clearance was increased to 480 mm and the vehicle weighs 18.5 tonnes (with water). It has a crew of two (plus four firefighters). The LPM-2 won a gold medal in an exhibition of fire-fighting equipment in Brussels. Cyprus has planned to order some of these vehicles while Turkey has already purchased a quantity (Turkish specialists installed two Czech IFEX firehoses and new doors). It is produced by the 140th Tank Repair Workshop.
Zaisan-2 is a BMP-1 that has been converted into a civil emergency vehicle used to transport a 12-man emergency response team and survival equipment to hard-to-reach places. It can be used for rescue operations during technogenic accidents and natural disasters. Developed by the Tank Repair Workshop in Ust'-Kamenogorsk. It weighs 10 tonnes.
Taiga is a BMP-1 converted into a civil logging tractor. It is equipped with a motor-powered 9-tonne winch and a logging hydraulic bulldozer blade. It was developed by the Tank Repair Workshop in Ust'-Kamenogorsk. It weighs 8 tonnes.
BMP-1 - Had its turret replaced by the ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft gun. It was used for fire support in the Afghanistan mountains. These vehicles were operated by the Afghan National Army.
BMP-1 - Is an IFV upgraded by the 140th Repair Workshop to BMP-1P status. Vehicles modernized in the 2000s (decade) are equipped with a modern gun aiming mechanism, more up-to-date sights and a semi-automatic infrared jam-resistant fire control system.
BMP-1 - Equipped with the 2A42 Cobra overhead mount gun turret, modular, one-man turret. It is a co-operative project between Slovakia and Belarus.
BMP-1 - Fitted with 2A42 Cobra as above, also flotation sides-skirts/mudguards from the BMP-2.
BMP-1 - Equipped with 2A48 Cobra as above, but with additional armor and explosive reactive armor (ERA), on the sides of the hull.
BMP-1KShM-9S743 - Bulgarian version of the MP-31 with minor changes.
BMP-2+ - BMP-1 upgraded to BMP-2 level. It is equipped with the BM1 manned turret armed with 30 mm 2A42 autocannon, UDAR-M ATGM, 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, and three Tucha 902 smoke grenade launchers. BM1 is a modified version of Ukrainian KBA-105 Shkval turret. It also has new radios and a GPS satellite navigation system, and can be optionally fitted with applique armor, an infrared sight, AGS-17, 30 mm automatic grenade launcher and a STANAG-compatible 30 mm autocannon.
People's Republic of China
Type 86 - A Chinese copy of the BMP-1 (Ob'yekt 765Sp3). It is armed with an ATGM launcher for the HJ-73 "Red Arrow 73" ATGM which is a copy of the Soviet 9M14 "Malyutka". It is powered by the Type 6V150 diesel engine which is a copy of the Soviet UTD-20. Equipment includes the A-220A radio (a copy of the Soviet R-123M), A-221A intercom (a copy of the Soviet R-124), two 7.62 mm machine guns, a 40 mm rocket propelled grenade (RPG) launcher and a HN-5 or QW-1 MANPADS. Its industrial designation is WZ-501.
WZ-501 - Converted into an NBC reconnaissance vehicle with a raised troop compartment.
WZ-501 - Converted into a battlefield surveillance vehicle.
YW-501 - Export variant of WZ-501.
NFV-1 (N stands for NORINCO, F stands for FMC and V-1 stands for Vehicle 1) - An export variant which was the product of a co-operative project between the Chinese NORINCO and US FMC companies in the 1980s. Its goal was to fit a FMC large vertical slab-sided turret with a chamfered front called "Sharpshooter", onto a modified Type 86 hull. It was to be armed with a 25 mm M242 Bushmaster autocannon with a two plane stabilization system and a 7.62 mm M240 coaxial machine gun (on the left hand side of the main gun). The vehicle carries 344 rounds for the main gun, 200 rounds are for 'ready use' while 144 are kept in storage. 2,300 rounds are carried for the machine gun. The gun is moved in the horizontal and vertical planes by an electromechanical system, it can also be moved manually. The gun can be depressed or elevated between −7° and +44°. The gunner has the М36Е3 dual mode day/night sight and 4 periscope vision blocks which are located in the front and on the sides of the turret. Also an additional periscope vision block can be fitted to the back of the turret. The tracks have been slightly modified. As the result of all these changes the weight of the vehicle increased to 13.6 tonnes and the maximum range was reduced to 460 km. The vehicle is also wider (2.97 m) and higher (2,248 m). The prototype was shown to the public for the first time in November 1986. It never left the prototype stage because the US government prohibited any further collaboration with China.
Type 86-I - Improved variant of the Type 86 designed by the Chinese together with the US FMC company at the end of the 1980s. It is fitted with a one-man overhead mount turret armed with a licensed copy of the 25 mm M242 Bushmaster autocannon and a coaxial 7.62 mm Type 59 machine gun. The overhead mount turret is the same as the one on the ZSL92 wheeled IFV. The vehicle carries 400 rounds for the main gun and 2000 rounds for the machine gun. It is powered by a new 6V150F 29.41-litre diesel engine which is a powered-up version of the 6V150. It develops 400 hp (298 kW). Maximum road speed has increased to 70 km/h. The tracks have been slightly modified. The weight of the vehicle has increased to 13.6 tonnes. 350 were produced. Its industrial designation is WZ-501A. It is also called Type 86-1.
Type 86A - Modernization fitted with a new turret armed with a 30 mm autocanon although the ATGM launcher for the HJ-73 ATGMs was retained and is positioned on the right hand side of the roof of the turret. The turret was equipped with two clusters of three smoke grenade launchers (one on each side of the turret). It is sometimes called the Type 86Gai, G stands for Gai - improved, overall, it is broadly equivalent to a BMP-2.
Type 86B - Variant developed by NORINCO for Chinese naval infantry. It features a slightly higher hull, an amphibious kit, an exhaust extension, a bow extension, a larger trim vane, a mount for an outboard motor on the rear of the hull to improve its swimming performance, a raised engine air intake on the right hand side of the front of the hull, detachable pontoons in the front and rear of the hull, a high snorkel and large side screens for better streamlining. Also the turret was improved by adding two clusters of three smoke grenade launchers (one on each side of the turret). Its industrial designation is WZ-501C.
WZ-502 - WZ-501 equipped with a mortar.
WZ-503 - WZ-501 converted into an APC. It lacks the turret and has a taller troop compartment. The number of passengers was increased from 8 to 13. The vehicle's armament consists of one centrally mounted 12.7 mm heavy machine gun operated by the commander/gunner. It did not leave the prototype stage.
WZ-506 - WZ-503 converted into an armored command post for the divisional or regimental commanders of armored formations. The personnel compartment can accommodate six staff members, four radios and an auxiliary electricity generator. It can be recognized by its four whip antennas.
WZ-504 (Type 504) - The troop compartment was replaced by a weapons compartment which incorporates an elevatable weapon station armed with four HJ-73 "Red Arrow 73" cable-guided ATGM rail launchers mounted under the roof of the weapons station and equipped with optical sights. The launcher can be retracted into the compartment when not in use. The vehicle carries 16 ATGMs. It never left the prototype stage.
WZ-505 - WZ-501 converted into an armored ambulance with raised troop compartment and armed with one machine gun.
BMP-1 converted into a self-propelled howitzer armed with a 122 mm D-30 howitzer in an open-topped superstructure placed at the rear of the hull.
BMP-1 converted into a self-propelled howitzer armed with a D-30 howitzer in an open-topped turret placed on the rear of the hull.
BMP models of Czechoslovakia.
BVP-1 (BVP-1 stands for bojové vozidlo pěchoty - 1 - "Infantry Fighting Vehicle - 1") - Czechoslovak designation for the BMP-1.
BVP-1 with six MD smoke grenade launchers at the rear of the turret and flotation sides-skirts/mudguards from the BVP-2.
BVP-1K - Command version of BVP-1.
BPzV "Svatava" (BPzV stands for bojové průzkumné vozidlo - "Reconnaissance Fighting Vehicle") - Reconnaissance vehicle based on the basic BVP-1. It was intended for independent reconnaissance or combat behind enemy lines. It was fitted with a passive observation system on the commander's station, improved armament, protection and mobility, a PSNR-5K "Tall Mike" external tripod radar, an NNP-21 observation system and an additional 902S eight barreled smoke grenade launcher on the rear of the turret. The crew was increased from 3 to 5.
BVP-1 "Strop" - A BVP-1 with the turret replaced by twin 30 mm PLDvK vz.53/59 anti-aircraft guns. Developed in the mid-1980s. It has a new commander's hatch located to the front right of a two-man turret. The turret is further to the rear than on a BVP-1 and has no hatches, so the crew enters through the rear doors. In the front and below the gun mount is the housing for the various sights associated with controlling the weapons. The Czechoslovakian Army evaluated the vehicle but did not accept it for service. Several examples were seen in use by Angolan and Cuban forces during the Angolan Civil War.
Vz.85 ShM-120 PRAM-S (samohybný minomet) - 120 mm automatically loaded Model 1982 self-propelled mortar with a range from 504m to 8036m mounted on the BVP-1 chassis in a low casemate superstructure in the rear half of the vehicle. Its role is to bring sustained fire support to mechanized units. The mortar has a rate of fire of 18 - 20 rounds per minute and is capable of firing 40 rounds in 5 minutes or 70 rounds in 10 minutes. Total ammunition load is 80 HE, SMK and ILL rounds including 21 in the automatic loader. Apart from the mortar the vehicle is equipped with a 9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel) ATGM, a 12.7 mm NSVT heavy machine gun, RPG-75 anti-tank grenade launchers, F1 hand grenades and Model 58 7.62 mm submachineguns.
BVP-1 AMB-S (ambulantní vozidlo) - Armored ambulance without the turret and with a built-up troop compartment and room for 4 stretchers. There is a small IR searchlight on top of the troop compartment. The BVP-1 AMB-S designation is still used by the Czech Army, the BVP-1 AMB-S as used by the Slovakian army has a different designation (See Slovakian section for details).
VPV (VPV stands for vyprošťovací pásové vozidlo) - An ARV conversion (from a BVP-I), developed at the ZTS Martin Research and Development Institute. Production commenced at the plant (which is now in Slovakia), in 1984. It is equipped with a 5 tonne powered crane, a heavy winch, and a wider than normal troop compartment. Hatches on top of the turret and the troop compartment have been removed. The vehicle is divided into four compartments: engine, commander's, driver's and repair/cargo. The crew consists of a commander/crane operator, driver/welder/slinger and a logistician/mechanic. The vehicle is armed with a pintle-mounted 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. Many VPV's are based on the BVP-2.
SVO (SVO stands for samohybný výbušný odminovač) - A BVP-1 converted into a mine clearing vehicle. It does not have a turret and is fitted with a Hedgehog type of launcher for 24x245 mm Cv-OŠ-SVO FAE-rockets in the rear troop compartment (each rocket weighs 41.5 kg). The first launched rocket has a range from 350 m to 530 m. The last rocket has a range from 250 m to 430 m. All 24 rockets can be ripple-fired within 64 seconds. The cleared area is a 5 m x 100 m corridor. The operator has a work station in the right hand side of the rear of the hull. The combat weight of the vehicle has increased from 13.5 tonnes to 13.83 tonnes.
"Bouře III" - A PsyOps vehicle with its turret replaced by a raised plinth with a retractable loudspeaker system. There is a cupola with periscopes at the rear. It is also known under the designation BMP-1B.
OT-90 - An APC variant with the turret from an OT-64A, it is armed with 14,5 mm KPVT and 7,62 mm PKT machine guns, it is non-amphibious.
DTP-90 (DTP-90 stands for dílna technické pomoci - 90) - It is a maintenance version of the OT-90, the turret is replaced by various stowage boxes on the top of the hull.
DTP-90M (DTP-90 stands for dílna techniké pomoci - 90) - A more specialised maintenance version with a raised roof line and a light crane.
DP-90 (DP-90 stands for dělostřelecká pozorovatelna - 90) - Is an artillery direction version of the OT-90. It has a fixed BMP-1 turret with the main armament removed.
MU-90 (MU-90 stands for minový ukladač - 90 - "Mine Layer - 90") - A mine-laying version of the OT-90. The turret-less hull has bins on the roof over the turret ring. The troop compartment is fitted with stowage racks for 100 PT Mi-U and PT Mi-Ba-III anti-tank mines and a mine-laying chute which is fitted to the base of the right hand side rear door, it is only capable of surface laying. It also has a single antenna mounted on the left rear side of the hull.
OZ-90 or OT-90ZDR (zdravotní) - Ambulance - An OT-90 without a turret.
VP-90 (VP-90 stands for velitelská pozorovatelna - 90) - Is a command and reconnaissance version of the OT-90 fitted with R-123M, R-107T and RF-10 radios. Two firing ports have been retained, one in the center of the right hand side of the vehicle and one in the rear left. It also has a base for a slim mast antenna on the right hand side at the rear.
ZT 90 - ARV based on the OT-90.
ZV-90 - Is a charging station for tank and truck batteries. It has an auxiliary power unit (APU) mounted on the hull's roof.
BMP models of the Czech Republic.
BVP-1MA - Czech modernized BVP-1 with a German Kuka E8 one-man turret with prominent overhang on the front and eight smoke grenade launchers (in two groups, four groups on each side of the turret). It is armed with a 30 mm Mk 44 Bushmaster II autocannon with a small circular muzzle-brake. The gunner's position is located at the rear of the turret. It has new side-skirts/mudguards. It also has additional protection and hand rails on the headlights. It has two rear-view mirrors in the front and four stop lights and two turn lights at the rear. It is also known under the designation BVP-1MB.
Tania - Czech upgrade built by the Caliber company of Prague.
OT-90M1 - Czech modernization of the OT-90, fitted with an IR searchlight on top of the turret.
OT-90M2 - Czech modernization of the OT-90, has a raised superstructure, additional armour and two IR searchlights on the turret.
OT-90M3 - A Czech modernization of the OT-90.
BVP-1SM - BVP-1 converted into a turretless, armored ambulance.
BVP-1 See previous entry.
BVP-1PPK or PzPK "Snĕžka" (PPK and PzPK stands for průzkumný a pozoravací komplet) - Is a Czech BVP-1 converted into an artillery reconnaissance vehicle. It can detect, recognize and track both moving and stationary targets, observe the fall of shot and other tasks. It has a 14 m hydraulic arm mounted on the roof of the superstructure at the rear of the vehicle. The mast mounts observation equipment and a sensor system which includes a laser range finder, TV cameras for day and night operations, a thermal camera, a wind velocity measuring unit and the BR 2140 X-band battlefield surveillance radar. Internal equipment includes a land navigation system, GPS navigation units, optical sights and real-time data transmission equipment. It entered service in 1997.
OT R-5 "Bečva" (OT R-5 stands for obrněný transportér radiovůz - 5 - "Armored Personnel Carrier Radio Vehicle - 5") - Czech-built command vehicle with a superstructure in place of the troop compartment. It is equipped with R-130, R-123, R-173, RF-10 and RDM 61M HV/VHF radios. The main armament consist of a 12.7 mm DShK 1938/46 heavy machine gun. The crew has increased from three to five.
OT R-5M (OT R-5 stands for obrněný transportér radiovůz - 5 - "Armoured Personnel Carrier Radio Vehicle - 5").
OT R-5M1p (OT R-5 stands for obrněný transportér radiovůz - 5 - "Armoured Personnel Carrier Radio Vehicle - 5").
MPP 40p BVP (MPP stands for mobilní přístupová provozovna) - A Czech signals vehicle based on the BVP-1 AMB-S armored ambulance. It entered service in 2002. Specialized radio equipment consists of one RF 1301 (1W), two RF 1325 (25W)s, one NM 1301and one R-150S HF; it is also fitted with one TR 13 telephone, one TS 13 telephone, four TD 13 telephones, one RM 13 telephone, one GPR 22 navigation device, ten TPA 97 analog field telephones and four TPD 97 digital field telephones.
BVP-1 LOS (light observation system) - Is a Czech-built reconnaissance vehicle based on the DP-90 equipped with three smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret, GPS, a generator and a computer. It also has an elevatable telescopic mast mounted on the dummy unmanned BVP-2 turret with a day/night television camera, a laser rangefinder and a laser target marker. Antennae mounts on each side of the rear part of the hull's roof are also available. The Czech army plans to deploy these vehicles in BVP-2 companies, hence the similarity to the BVP-2.
MGC-1 a.k.a. MGC-14,5 (machine gun carrier) - Upgraded BMP-1/BVP-1 with additional armour ERA or NXRA, slat armour, improved mine protection and a modified turret with 14.5 mm machine gun KPVT and 7.62 mm PKT coaxial machine gun. A technology demonstrator of the MGC-1 was presented by the Czech firm Excalibur Army during IDET-2011.
BMP-1S - Is a BMP-1 fitted with a French Poyaud 520 6L CS2 diesel engine developing 310 hp (231 kW) at 2,800 rpm. 200 Egyptian BMP-1s were upgraded from 1979 onward.
BMP-1 - Has six stop lights but no autoloader.
BMP-1PS - Finland has modified all its BMP-1s and BMP-1Ps to BMP-1PS and BMP-1K1 level (q.v.). The former is similar to the original BMP-1P but has four additional 76 mm Wegmann smoke grenade launchers on the right front of the turret and two Lyran 71 mm mortars on the left rear. Both versions are without the autoloader.
BMP-1TJ "Tuija" - Is an artillery reconnaissance vehicle.
BMP-1TJJ - Is also an artillery reconnaissance vehicle.
BMP-1KPD - Command vehicle.
BMP-25 - BMP-1 with a Delco LAV-25 -style turret mounting a 25 mm M242 Bushmaster autocannon. Prototype only.
former East Germany
BMP-1 SP-1 - NVA Designation for the Soviet BMP-1 (Ob.765Sp1).
BMP-1 SP-2 - NVA designation for the Soviet BMP-1 (Ob.765Sp2).
BMP-1P/c - NVA designation for 151 BMP-1Ps built in Czechoslovakia.
BMP-1P/d - NVA designation for locally upgraded BMP-1s. Externally identical to the BMP-1P/c but without the mounts for the KMT-10 mine plow.
BMP-MTP - NVA designation for the Czechoslovak VPV armored recovery vehicle.
BMP-1A1 Ost - After reunification, the German Bundeswehr modified 581 vehicles (mainly P models) to bring them up to western safety standards. The fuel tanks in the rear doors were filled with foam, new driving lights, rear-view mirrors, and MB smoke grenade launchers were fitted. The ATGM launcher was removed. It is also sometimes incorrectly called the BMP-1A2. After disbanding of several German Panzergrenadier-units, the BMP-1A1 Ost were replaced with Marder 1A3s. Some 500 were sold to Greece, a small number to Finland.
BMP-1A1 Ost - Was exported to Greece. The vehicle has some external differences from the German BMP-1A1 Ost. 350 were purchased. they are sometimes called BMP-1A1GR - Greece transferred 32 vehicles to the New Iraqi army in 2006.
BMP-1A1 Ost - Also exported to Greece, they are equipped with a M2 Browning .50 caliber heavy machine gun and fitted with a modified turret hatch. They are sometimes called the BMP-1A1GR1.
In late 2014, a number of BMP-1A1 Ost were fitted with the ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft gun in place of the standard tower. After successful acceptance tests, the conversion of more vehicles is planned.
BMP-1F - Slightly modified BMP-1. It carries a reconnaissance team (3-5 soldiers) and their equipment.
BMP-1 - Produced in India. It has a slightly different turret design.
BMP-1 - Has a mount for a Bren light machine gun on the rear of the turret.
Boragh - Reverse engineered BMP-1 or Type 86 (WZ-501) converted into an APC. It is very similar to the Chinese WZ-503 APC. It has a V-8 turbocharged diesel engine which delivers 330 hp (246 kW). It also has road wheels from the US M113 APC. Its combat weight was reduced to 13 tonnes. Other upgrades include a higher road speed and stronger armor. The number of passengers was increased from 8 to 12. A 12.7 mm DShK 1938/46 heavy machine gun (1,000 rounds) serves as a main weapon.
Saddam - Iraqi BMP-1 upgrade that was first shown at the Baghdad exhibition in 1989. The upgrade fits appliqué armor (which weighs 1,250 kg), to the sides of the hull to provide protection against 12.7 mm and 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds fired from a range of 200 m. Spaces were cut out to allow the transported infantry to fire their small arms through the firing ports. It never went into production as the additional armor overloaded the chassis and a replacement engine capable of handling this extra weight wasn't available.
Saddam II - Iraqi BMP-1 upgrade with rubber sideskirts, additional armor on the upper hull sides and an ATU box fitted to the left side of the rear of the hull. These vehicles were mainly used by the Iraqi Republican Guard.
BMP-1 - Armored ambulance. The turret was removed while the rear part of the vehicle was extended to allow easier transportation of stretchers and walking wounded. The original BMP-1 rear doors were removed and replaced by two new and higher doors that do not contain the integral fuel tanks. The vehicle did not enter service in large numbers.
BMP-1 fitted with the CARDOM 120/81 mm mortar system. The turret has been removed, the mortar and the recoil system protrude from the open compartment. It was built by Soltam.
BMP-1 upgrade designed by Nimda fitting it with new power unit and automatic transmission which improves both mobility and reliability.
Korshun - The North Korean designation for the BMP-1.
BWP-1 (BWP-1 stands for Bojowy Wóz Piechoty-1 - "Infantry Fighting Vehicle - 1") - The Polish designation for a Soviet BMP-1 (Ob'yekt 765Sp2 and later Ob'yekt 765Sp3).
BWP-1 fitted with a 7.62 mm PK machine gun on top of the mantlet of the 73 mm 2A28 Grom low pressure smoothbore short-recoil semi-automatic gun. It is used by the Polish detachment of KFOR.
BWP-1 fitted with a 7.62 mm PK machine gun on top of the turret. It is also used by the Polish detachment of KFOR.
BWP-1 fitted with a 7.62 mm PK machine gun on the front of the hull. It too, is used by the Polish detachment of KFOR.
BWP-1 experimentally fitted with the Dragar turret with chamfered sides, front and rear.
BWP-1M "Puma 1" (BWP-1M stands for Bojowy Wóz Piechoty-1 Modernizacja - "Infantry Fighting Vehicle - 1 Modernization") - Polish modernization of the BWP-1. It has an anti-slip covering which helps the crew when walking on the armor, an independent system for heating the crew compartment, engine and fuel compartments, fire and explosion protection systems, knives for crew members to fight-off infantry trying to disable the vehicle while it is driving with its top hatches opened, a way clearing system, a night vision device for the driver, an electrical system adjusted to connect to a firing simulator, a new integrated NBC protection system, a system designed to provide the occupants with protection against the light pulse of a close-range nuclear explosion, a new day/night sight, a socket enabling a quick diagnostic check of the engine, a covering over the protruding sharp edges of periscopes, doors and hatches, which increases the driving comfort, elastomer bumpers and shock absorbers which increase the service life of the suspension, six 81 mm shrapnel grenade launchers on the sides of the turret (three on each side), facing forwards, an on-board terminal, an integrated intercom enabling communication between crew members, signalling alarms, phonic external communication of the crew via an on-board radio, on-board systems control, a phonic external wire-communication, full data transmission in radio networks, wire networks and between on-board systems and satellite navigation, an integrated ultra-short wave on-board radio with frequency hopping, external lights which enables driving on public roads, flotation side-skirts which increase displacement of the vehicle while moving in the water and its resistance to splinters as well as bullets and small caliber missiles, a laser radiation warning system, a power unit module enabling its quick replacement in the field (around 60 minutes), using regular resources available to repair sub-units, a modernised vision device for the commander, rubber track pads enabling driving on public roads without destroying the road surface, a LITEF navigation system and two rear-view mirrors. Later Puma vehicles featured a slightly improved UTD-20 engine which could be removed in the field in 45 minutes. In 2005 Puma vehicles received a new Iveco engine.
BWP-1M "Puma 1" experimentally fitted with the Delco turret armed with a 25 mm autocannon.
BWP-1M "Puma 1" experimentally fitted with the Israeli-developed OWS-25 one-man Overhead Weapon System, armed with a 25 mm autocannon, an ATGM launcher for two ATGMs, a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and six smoke grenade launchers.
BWP-1M "Puma 1" fitted with the Italian TC-25 Hitfist turret.
BWP-1M "Puma 1" experimentally fitted with the United Defence turret with a chamfered front.
BWP-1 "Puma E-8" (BWP-1 stands for Bojowy Wóz Piechoty-1 - "Infantry Fighting Vehicle - 1") - Is a Polish modernization of the BWP-1 with all the improvements from the BWP-1M except it has thirteen 81 mm shrapnel grenade launchers instead of six (three on the left hand side of the turret, four on the right, three on the left hand side of the hull and three on the right) and a slab-sided one-man E-8 turret armed with a 30 mm autocanon. It has a large ammunition drum with an outboard machine gun mount on the right hand side of the main armament. It also has wire cutters installed on the top of each side of the hull.
BWP-1 "Puma RCWS-30" (BWP-1 stands for Bojowy Wóz Piechoty-1 - "Infantry Fighting Vehicle - 1") - It is a Polish modernization of the BWP-1 with all the improvements from the BWP-1M except the 81 mm shrapnel grenade launchers. It is fitted with the Israeli Samson RCWS-30 unmanned weapons station. RCWS stands for Remote - Controlled Weapon Station. It is armed with a 30 mm autocannon and a 7.62 mm RAFAEL machine gun. The autocannon can be elevated or depressed between −20° and +60°. The weapons station can turn with a speed of 1 rad/s. It also has day-night sights and an electric stabilization system. The vehicle is equipped with a SSP-1 OBRA passive protection system against laser irradiation. The turret slightly increases the overall height of the vehicle to 2.45 m.
BWP-1 "Puma MW-30" (BWP-1 stands for Bojowy Wóz Piechoty-1 - "Infantry Fighting Vehicle - 1") is a Polish modernization of the BWP-1 with all the improvements from the BWP-1M except the 81 mm shrapnel grenade launchers. It is fitted with an unmanned MW-30 turret. The new turret weighs 1.5 tonnes and is armed with a 30 mm Mk44 Bushmaster II autocannon which fires 30 × 173 mm ammunition and the 7.62 mm UKM-2000C machine gun. The turret is also equipped with six smoke grenade launchers. The turret can operate safely in temperatures from −40 °C to +50 °C.
BWP-40 (BWP-40 stands for Bojowy Wóz Piechoty-40 - "Infantry Fighting Vehicle - 40") - It is a Polish BWP-1/CV9040 hybrid. It combines a CV9040 turret with a BWP-1 hull. It was designed in the early 1990s. The only prototype was finished by 1993.
BWP-95 (BWP-95 stands for Bojowy Wóz Piechoty-95 - "Infantry Fighting Vehicle - 95") - It is a BWP-1 fitted with an overhead mount armed with a 23 mm cannon and a recoilless rifle. It has a heavy machine gun mount with slab mantlet fitted to the turret front. There are also MB smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret. To increase the vehicle's protection ERA was fitted to the turret front, hull front and sides. The vehicle never got past the prototype stage.
BWP-1D - The Polish designation for the Soviet BMP-1K.
BWR-1S (BWR-1S stands for Bojowy Wóz Rozpoznawczy-1 Svatawa - "Reconnaissance Fighting Vehicle - 1 Svatava") - The Polish designation for the Czechoslovak BPzV "Svatava".
BWR-1D (BWR-1D stands for Bojowy Wóz Rozpoznawczy-1 Dowodzenie - "Reconnaissance Fighting Vehicle - 1 Command") - Polish designation for the Soviet BRM-1K. It is also known as the BWR-1K.
ZWDSz-2 (ZWDSz stands for Zautomatyzowany Wóz Dowódczo Sztabowy-2 - Automated Staff Command Vehicle) - Modernised MP-31, fitted with new equipment, including TRC 9500 (VHF) and RF-5200 (HF) radios, a TDR-20K computer; AP-82, AP-92 and CAT-U telephones and a RK-128/2 generator. The telescopic mast was removed.
BWP-1S - Modernized variant equipped with two thermal imagers, two TV cameras, a laser rangefinder, an artillery fire detector and new radios. The vehicle also has a GPS satellite navigation system, a smoke screen generator, a data transmitting unit, a camouflaging coating and other pieces of new hardware.
BMP-1AK - Upgraded variant with improved internal layout and additional anti-cumulative and anti-HEAT protection. It's equipped with improved night vision systems and new tactical radios.
MLI-84 - Upgraded Romanian produced version of the BMP-1 with a new stronger engine, bigger fuel capacity and DShK on a rotatable mount fitted on the left rear troop compartment roof hatch.
MLI-84M1 JDERUL - MLI-84 modernization fitted with a new Israeli OWS-25R overhead mount turret armed with 25 mm Oerlikon KBA autocannon and two 9M14-2T "Maljutka-2T" or Spike ATGMs, four 81 mm DLG 81 heat and smoke grenade launchers, and a smoke discharger.
BMP models of Slovakia.
BVP-1 - Equipped with the 2A48 Cobra overhead mount modular one-man gun turret. It is a co-operation project between Slovakia and Belarus.
BVP-1 - Equipped with the 2A48 Cobra overhead mount modular one-man turret and flotation sides-skirts/mudguards from BVP-2. Also a co-operation project between Slovakia and Belarus.
BVP-1 - Equipped with the 2A48 Cobra overhead mount modular one-man turret, additional armour and ERA on the sides of the hull. Co-operation project between Slovakia and Belarus.
OT-90M "Zarmod" - An OT-90 APC fitted with an overhead-mount turret armed with a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun, 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 9P135M1 (Spigot) ATGM launcher.
BVP-1M - Different name for OT-90M "Zarmod" (q.v.).
DPK-90 (DPK stands for Delostrelecký Prieskumný Komplet) - Slovak artillery forward observer vehicle with thermal imaging camera mounted in an armored box on the front of the turret with a CCD camera. The armament was replaced by a built-in optical sight mount on top of the turret. It also has a mast mount on the right hand side of the rear of the troop compartment's roof. It was developed in 1994.
ZDR - The Slovakian designation for the Czechoslovak AMB-S four-stretcher armored ambulance.
BVP-1CAS of the Voluntary Fire Brigade DHZ POLE Trnava, adjusted for fire fighting missions in difficult terrain, capable to undertake fire fighting missions with water from its own tank, utilising a built-in mobile high-pressure nozzle and remotely controlled carriage
BPsVI - Upgraded version of BPsV Svatava with the original turret replaced by Turra 30 turret that is armed with 30 mm 2A42 autocannon, Konkurs ATGM, and 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. It is equipped with a sensor suite which includes a surveillance radar, a weather meter, a Micro Falcon unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a mine detection system and a ground sensor system.
BMP-1 - Fitted with the IST Dynamics Unmanned Multi-Weapon Platform armed with a 30 mm 2A72 autocannon, one 7.62 mm PKT coaxial machine gun, an ATGM launcher for three Denel Ingwe ATGMs on the left-hand-side of the weapons station and a 40 mm Denel-Vektor automatic grenade launcher. Its vision devices include a day/night gunner's sight incorporating the missile guidance unit and a panoramic primary stabilized commander's sight. It is also fitted with a digital ballistic fire control computer. This vehicle was shown at the 2006 Africa Aerospace and Defence exhibition but only with a dummy of the weapons station.
Pbv 501 (Pbv stands for pansarbandvagn) - Swedish designation for 350 BMP-1A1s bought from Germany.
Pbv 501A - Between 1999 and 2001, VOP 026 from the Czech Republic modified 350 Pbv 501s for the Swedish army. The Pbv 501A has a slightly modified engine and transmission as well as being sanatized from asbestos. The vehicle was fitted with new weapon racks, driving lights and side skirts, while the 9K11 or 9K111 ATGM system was removed. Safety standards were also improved.
Pbv 501A - Command variant.
BMP-1U Shkval, or BMP-1M Shkval (‘squall’)- 2001 Ukrainian modernization of BMP-1. The original turret was replaced with a new Shkval weapons station which was developed for light armored vehicles to increase their combat effectiveness. It resembles the earlier Russian KBP Instrument Design Bureau TKB-799 Kliver one-man weapons station. The Shkval weapons station is built from domestic components and is armed with a 30 mm KBA-2 autocannon, an ATGM launcher capable of firing 9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel) ATGMs and a 30 mm AGS-17 "Plamya"automatic grenade launcher. With ammunition for the weapons used in the Shkval being very common around the world, there is no danger of shortages, which makes it easier to maintain and lowers the cost of production. This gives it a better position on the export market. Because the Shkval weapons station is considerably larger than the standard BMP-1 turret, the troop compartment was cut down and there is space only for six infantrymen instead of eight. The first pair of roof hatches cannot be opened. The vehicle also has other upgrades including flotation sides-skirts/mudguards, drive sprockets and tracks from the BMP-2.
BMP-1 - Converted into an ARV.
BMP-1TS - Ukrainian modernisation of the BMP-1 with a new unmanned turret similar to the BTR-4 / BTR-3. Mainly intended for export. 10 - 20 units ordered by the ukrainian defense ministry and presented at the 2021 military parade on the day of ukrainian independence. 1 lost during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
XCB-01 (XCB likely stands for Xe Chiến đấu Bộ binh - Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV)) - 2022 Vietnamese local resemblance of the BMP-1. It is largely similar to the original Soviet variant except having a bigger chassis size for a considerably wider internal space, a diagonal welded turret with the addition of smoke launchers and a 12.7 mm machine gun (Kord or NSV) on top of the platform. Yet to be formally revealed but at least one prototype has been reportedly leaked on the social media.

domain: design


Sexism can be a subtle problem. In the music industry, for example, we have not just had #MeToo scandals, exposing the abuses of male singers, musicians and producers, but have also seen less obvious ways where women seem to be disadvantaged.
Take people’s listening patterns on streaming services. If you look at Spotify’s top 10 most streamed artists of 2020, for example, only two are women — and Billie Eilish is the highest in seventh place. This might not seem a case of discrimination, but the way we got here raises some important questions.
Now a team of European computer scientists have explored this tendency by looking at streaming services’ algorithms. More specifically, Christine Bauer of Utrecht University in the Netherlands and Xavier Serra and Andres Ferraro of Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Spain analysed the publicly available listening records of 330,000 users of one service. This showed that female artists only represented 25 per cent of the music listened to by users. The authors wrote on The Conversation platform that “on average, the first recommended track was by a man, along with the next six. Users had to wait until song seven or eight to hear one by a woman.”
People come to their musical tastes in all kinds of ways, but how most of us listen to music now offers specific problems of embedded bias. When a streaming service offers music recommendations, it does so by studying what music has been listened to before. That creates a vicious feedback loop, if it already offers more music by men, that has startling consequences — which most of us listeners are unaware of.
Is there any solution? The researchers offered one: they did a simulation of the algorithm and tweaked it a few times to raise the rankings of female artists (ie they get more exposure by being recommended earlier) and lower the male ones. When they let this system run, a new feedback loop emerged: the AI indeed recommended female artists earlier, making listeners more aware of that option; and when the AI platform learnt that the music was being chosen, it was recommended more often.
Bauer tells me it was “a positive surprise” to change the streaming service’s apparent bias so much with a few tweaks to the algorithm. “Of course, it’s always easier to fix something in theory rather than in practice,” she says, “but if this effect was similar in the real world, that would be great.” She adds that the group is now exploring how to use the same approach to address ethnic and other forms of discrimination in media platforms.
The team stress that this work is still at an early stage, but the study is thought-provoking for two reasons. First, and most obviously, it shows why it pays to have a wider debate on how now-pervasive AI programs work and, above all, whether we want them to extrapolate from our collective pasts into our futures. “We are at a critical juncture, one that requires us to ask hard questions about the way AI is produced and adopted,” writes Kate Crawford, who co-founded an AI centre at New York University, in a powerful new book, Atlas of AI.
Second, music streaming should also make us ponder the thorny issue of positive discrimination. Personally, I have often felt wary of this concept, since I have built my career trying to avoid defining myself by gender. But today, after years working in the media, I also realise the power of the “demonstration effect”: if a society only ever sees white men in positions of power (or on the pages of newspapers), it creates a cultural feedback loop, not unlike those streaming services.
This affects many corners of business. Consider venture capital: research from a multitude of groups shows that diverse teams outperform homogeneous ones. Yet according to Deloitte, 77 per cent of venture capitalists are male and 72 per cent white, while black and Latino investors received just 2.4 per cent of funding between 2015 and 2020, according to Crunchbase.
This pattern has not arisen primarily because powerful people are overtly sexist or racist; the subtler issue is that financiers prefer to work with colleagues who are a good “cultural fit” (ie are like them) and to back entrepreneurs with a proven track record — except most of those entrepreneurs happen to look like them.
“Mainstream investors generally consider funds led by people of colour and women as higher risk, despite widely available evidence that diversity actually mitigates risk,” point out financiers Tracy Gray and Emilie Cortes in the Stanford Social Innovation Review. You could address this by using something akin to a music algorithm rejig: foundations could deliberately elevate diverse employees and overinvest in funds run by diverse groups to change the feedback loop.
Would this work? Nobody knows yet since it has never been done at scale, or at least not yet in finance. The reality is that it is probably even harder to shift human bias than it is to tweak an algorithm.
But if you want a reason to feel hopeful, consider this: while computer programs might entrench existing bias, the amazing levels of transparency that Big Data can provide are able to illuminate the problem with clarity. That, in turn, can galvanise action, if we choose it — in music and elsewhere.
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Buy To Let Updated:
Nottingham BS has launched a new buy-to-let mortgage that is likely to catch the attention of investors with the necessary 40% deposit.
The fixed rate is available for direct business and from selected brokers and offers a rate of 3.59% on a maximum loan-to-value (LTV) of 60% to 1 January 2014.
Whilst only at 60% LTV, this is the lowest rate now available for this term. This mortgage has a flat fee of £1999.
With an incentive package of free valuation for all and free legal fees for those remortgaging, this product should prove attractive.
Four out of five Moneyfacts stars have been awarded.
Disclaimer: Information is correct as of the date of publication (shown at the top of this article). Any products featured may be withdrawn by their provider or changed at any time.
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domain: finance


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An Evening with Epic Brewing
Breakfast for dinner – eggs, bacon, toast…and beer? The Crafty Ladies teamed up with Epic Brewing last week to provide a full menu of breakfast must-haves paired with some coffee beer, created by Epic and local coffee roasters. Epic, known for their high gravity and barrel aged brews, has been expanding their coffee program by experimenting with different beans to add to their beer and partnering with different roasters around Denver. The Highland Tap dining room was a buzz while learning about how coffee beans may just be the new hops in the beer brewing process.
Up first – Son of a Baptist Imperial Stout and LaMar’s donut holes. Son of a Baptist was conceptualized in order to be a more sessionable version of their Big Bad Baptist brew, which clocks in at 12.2% ABV. This brew definitely is not a weak link being 8.2% ABV itself, utilized coffee beans from Hotbox Coffee and was served on Nitro. The beans were aged in a tequila barrel, contributing to the beer’s chocolate, peanut butter, and smoky flavors.
Unanimously, the second course was a crowd pleaser. According to John Turk, Epic’s Colorado Sales Rep, it was a true collaborative pairing that epitomized what the Colorado beer scene is about – working together! The Escape to Colorado IPA was served cask condition style and incorporated NOVO Coffee’s Ethiopian blend, creating a hop-forward ale with fruity notes. The IPA was paired with grits made by Jezebel’s, a neighboring restaurant to Highland Tap and Burger, topped with Highland Tap and Burger’s own pork green chili. “It was a great way to support the neighborhood,” said Brigitte Brown, HTB’s in-house Cicerone. “It was the best tasting combination and different. It was such a hit!”
The third course was simple and to the point – three peppered candied bacon by Highland Tap and Burger with a slight twist on Son of a Baptist – served on CO2 (versus Nitro from the first course) and used coffee beans from NOVO. This was described as a coffee driven beer, where Epic worked to make the coffee the focus. The evening closed out with the Big Bap Baptist Imperial Stout and a fresh berry fruit salad that was topped with a Big Bad Baptist infused whip cream.
At the close of the event, it was announced that Crafty Ladies will be teaming up with Epic brewing to brew their own coffee cream ale. Not only will this beer be released around the time of the Great American Beer Festival, it will be available at Epic, Highland Tap and Burger, Bar Dough, and potentially found at local liquor stores across Colorado! According to Brown, the project just keeps getting bigger and bigger each time the team from Tap and Epic meet. They’re in the process of coming up with names now and can’t wait to get to brewing. “It’s really fun to work with the gang at Crafty Ladies,” Turk said. “And to create a beer style that Epic has never made before has us buzzing around the brewery.”
Stay tuned to track the progress of this Crafty Ladies and Epic Brewing collaboration!


October 7, 2010 at 9:38 PM
In his notes about Tchaikovsky’s Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35, Chicago Symphony program annotator Philip Huscher notes that Tchaikovsky was incredibly inspired by Edouard Lalo's Symphonie Espagnole, as well as impressed by the way that Lalo thought “more about musical beauty than observing established traditions". While Tchaikovsky completed his concerto rather quickly, however, performances of the work did run into problems, the first being Leopold Auer’s declaration that the concerto was “unplayable”. Ironically, after the work was premiered in Vienna by Adolf Brodsky and became one of the most loved of Tchaikovsky’s works despite a crushing review, Mr. Auer became somewhat the chief exponent of the concerto, adding it to his repertoire and teaching it to his students, including Toscha Seidel, Efrem Zimbalist, Mischa Elman, Jascha Heifetz, and Nathan Milstein – all of whom became the greatest exponents of the work during the twentieth century.
While the concerto is definitely a tour de force, requiring a complete technique, great musical sensibilities and almost Herculean stamina of the violinist who undertakes both the tasks of learning and performing it, “unplayable” is not the word that came to mind while hearing Dylana Jenson’s performances with the Knoxville Symphony Orchestra on September 23 and 24, 2010. Ms. Jenson is a consummate master of the violin and this was the second time that I have heard her in live performance, the first being a stunning 2003 performance of the Goldmark Concerto with the Louisiana Philharmonic. Of the 2003 performance it must be said that the orchestra was captivated by her playing, particularly her heartfelt rendering of the Andante (if memory serves me, there were tears in the eyes of a few violinists after the first four measures).
Back to September 2010: from her first notes, it was clear that Ms. Jenson’s performance of the Tchaikovsky was going to be like no other that I have heard. Throughout the first movement Ms. Jenson played with a sumptuous tone and an incredibly sophisticated sense of phrasing, a sense of undulation permeating the cantabile sections. Unlike many violinists who approach the knotty double stops and quicksilver scales as “show-off” sections, however, Ms. Jensen played those sections – and shaped them – effortlessly while also placing them in the appropriate musical context of the movement. This was not a self-indulgent exhibition of acrobatic ability: rather, this was a true dialogue – a journey, if I may.
One could easily say that the lack of self-aggrandizement inherent in this performance came from the fact that Ms. Jenson has nothing to “prove”: after all, she was a silver medalist in the 1978 Tchaikovsky Competition and has performed as soloist with orchestras throughout the world. However, if one studies her recordings – particularly her most recent recording of the Shostakovich and Barber concerti as well as her very famous recording of the Sibelius Concerto – one will hear the sense of selflessness, assurance, and musical reverence that was hallmark of this recent performance.
This sense of reverence and exploration was evident in the very intimate Canzonetta. Ms. Jenson was introspective rather than “large” in this movement, using a huge expressive palate including notes sculpted with the bow and played sans vibrato, and high notes tenderly cascading through the air like incense smoke. Again, not expected, yet this seemingly understated interpretation was most convincing and beautiful, with equally compelling accompaniment from clarinetist Gary Sperl and flutist Nadine Hur.
Ms. Jenson showed herself to be a firebrand during the Finale, which was definitely a fiery Allegro vivacissimo. With technique to burn, Ms. Jenson showed great dexterity throughout, alternating an unusual lightness in sixteenth-note passages with weighty yet quicksilver double-stop playing. Her knowledge of musical language truly showed itself here: in many of those sections one could hear the continuum in Russian music that appears in the vertical attacks found in both Stravinsky and Shostakovich. This was balanced by a wondrous sense of musical space and time in the legato sections and, in the short unaccompanied sections, a real sense of musical structure and – with the conspicuous yet convincing absence of vibrato used to heighten tritones and other dissonances – musical humor.
Lucas Richman and the Knoxville Symphony Orchestra accompanied Ms. Jenson both attentively and convincingly during the entire work, the orchestra joining the excitement that led to a triumphant finish rewarded with long standing ovations on after both performances.
With having received overwhemingly glowing reviews for her recent recording of the Shostakovich and Barber concerti, it is clear that Dylana Jenson remains one of the most important violinists and compelling musicians of our time.
I love Dylana! I took a few lessons with her in high school. I really wish I had access to her Shostakovich CD. They don't sell things like that here in Kenya.
Samuel, I just have to say that I love your blog's title. Barber's Knoxville . . . is one of my all-time favorite pieces, and I'm not even particularly fond of vocal music.
Thank you, Lisa - it's very strange, I heard Knoxville for the first time in 1989, and lived there from August '09 until September of this year. The text truly describes life in that city: there is actually a time of evening when people sit on their porches!
The whole passage is stunningly evocative. I grew up in a much different time and place than Knoxville in 1915, but it brings back memories of summer evenings when I was a kid, and just the whole feeling of being a child. Between Agee and Barber, it's a masterpiece.
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CHICAGO – Cinemax’s ominous new series “The Knick” is a hospital drama that’s very much in the voice of its director, Steven Soderbergh. Set in New York City at the turn of the 20th century, the series presents the medical world as it inches closer and closer to modernity, while making contemporary parallels to the desperate hustle by surgery room clients and their doctors alike regarding treatment of the human body. What has changed in the politics of medicine? What hasn’t?
CHICAGO – The word remake sends an understandable chill down the spine of most horror fans. We’ve been subjected to so many retreads and reboots and the batting average of quality has been pathetically low. And yet, there are exceptions including Zack Snyder’s “Dawn of the Dead” and David Cronenberg’s “The Fly.”

domain: artistic


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domain: chemistry


WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, Senator Arlen Specter (D-Pa.), along with seven colleagues on the Senate Judiciary Committee, introduced a Sense of the Senate Resolution urging the Supreme Court to permit television coverage of open Court proceedings. The resolution seeks to open the Supreme Court’s doors so that more Americans can see the process by which the Court reaches critical decisions of law that affect this country and everyday Americans.
The resolution is cosponsored by Senators John Cornyn (R-Texas), Russell Feingold (D-Wis.), Ted Kaufman (D-Del.), Dick Durbin (D-Ill.), Charles Schumer (D-N.Y.), Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) and Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.).
“Television coverage of the Supreme Court is long overdue,” stated Specter. “The Supreme Court makes pronouncements on Constitutional and federal law that have direct impacts on the rights of Americans. Those rights would be substantially enhanced by televising the oral arguments of the Court so that the public can see and hear the issues presented.”
“I have made it a priority throughout my public service to push for greater transparency in government, as I believe the key to a healthy democracy is an open government and informed citizenry,” said Cornyn. “For too long, however, shadows have precluded the American people from having a better understanding of what goes on in our Supreme Court. I’m proud to cosponsor this bipartisan effort that would bring long overdue sunshine to Supreme Court proceedings by permitting televised coverage in the courtroom. I hope our colleagues will join us in supporting this important measure.”
“The Supreme Court’s decisions affect the lives of all Americans; they should be able to see the Court in action,” Feingold said. “Allowing the Court’s oral arguments to be televised will make government more accessible and help the American people understand the important issues the Court considers. This is a change that is long overdue.”
“I applaud Sen. Specter for his efforts – this move is essential,” Kaufman said. “The American people should see up close how government functions, and opening up the Supreme Court would be a great step forward.”
The resolution takes a more restrained and modest approach than previous legislation Senator Specter has introduced which would compel the Supreme Court to allow television coverage of its proceedings. The bills, introduced in 109th and 110th Congresses, were reported favorably out of the Judiciary Committee but not taken up by the full Senate. Senator Specter introduced identical legislation, S. 446, again in the 111th Congress.
A confluence of events has provided encouraging signals that the Supreme Court could move on this issue in the near future. Justice Souter, the Court’s most outspoken critic of television coverage, has retired. His replacement, Judge Sonia Sotomayor testified during her confirmation hearing that she had favorable experiences with cameras in the courtroom as a judge on the court of appeals. Senator Specter also solicited the opinions of Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Samuel Alito during their confirmation hearings. Chief Justice Roberts said that he would keep an open mind on the issue. Justice Alito stated that, as a circuit judge, he voted to permit televised proceedings in the Third Circuit.
In October, the newly established Supreme Court of the United Kingdom decided to allow cameras in its courtroom in the interest of “transparency” and the “crucial role” that television can play in “letting the public see how justice is done.” The decision was met with much praise, and thus far, the UK’s experiences have been positive.
A poll released in September by C-Span shows that nearly nine in ten American voters (88%) say the Court has an impact on their everyday lives and nearly two in three (65%) responded favorably to televising oral arguments.


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Six Italian Members of Parliament have called to consider banning the IHH, the Turkish pro-terrorist group whose activists clashed with IDF soldiers aboard a Gaza-bound flotilla in late May. Germany has already banned the group, and 87 United States Senators have signed a call to classify it as a terrorist organization in their country.
"The Islamic fundamentalist nature of IHH has been documented by numerous declarations praising martyrdom and Israel's destruction,” said MPs Fiamma Nirenstein, Enrico Pianetta, Guglielmo Picchi, Antonio Martino, Gennaro Malgieri, and Massimo Polledri in an official parliamentary question.
Several such declarations were made shortly before the ship Mavi Marmara, part of a larger Gaza-bound flotilla, set sail, they continued. IHH members aboard the Marmara “told reporters before departing that their purpose was 'religious martyrdom,'” they noted.
The MPs pointed out that IHH is a member of the “Union of Good,” a Saudi Arabia-based umbrella group for Islamic organizations that is affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood. The Union of Good funnels money to Hamas; it has been banned by Israel and designated as supporting terrorism by the United States.
The Turkish government itself was formerly concerned over IHH, they said, and investigated the group in the late 1990s over its links with Al-Qaeda. The group was investigated in the U.S. for alleged involvement in an attempted terrorist attack in Los Angeles, and in France for funding Islamic terrorist groups.
The MPs concluded by asking, “We would like to know the following: What is the position of the Italian government regarding the possibility of including the NGO known as the IHH (Insani Yardim Vakfi) in the EU list of terrorist organizations and whether or not it intends to push an action to discuss it.”

domain: politics


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10:39 | 25/3/2015
Move expected to increase the number of Chinese visitors to coastal city and surrounds.
15:12 | 23/3/2015
"Connecting World Heritage" the theme of National Tourism Year 2015, to be launched on April 3 in Thanh Hoa province.
16:57 | 19/3/2015
Thousands of tickets on sale for just VND9,000.
16:02 | 18/3/2015
Around 3,200 rooms in six four- and five-star hotels to enter the market in Nha Trang this year
10:30 | 17/3/2015
If you're looking for an exceptional upscale hotel - a property with character - then Hotel de l'Opera Hanoi is definitely the right choice for you.
14:44 | 13/3/2015
New terminal capable of handling 4 million passengers.
09:06 | 12/3/2015
Construction to begin this year on hospitality group's latest hotel.
09:38 | 11/3/2015
Latest promotion offers free tickets on flights between two capitals.
10:52 | 5/3/2015
Resort becomes the latest Vietnamese addition to Centara Hotels & Resorts' stable.
08:12 | 4/3/2015
Policy is hoped to promote tourism to the island.
17:04 | 2/3/2015
Chinese visitors decline significantly due to political climate.
10:10 | 16/2/2015
Fusion Resort Samson and A La Cater Samson to open in May.
Mr. Chris Humphrey, Executive Director of the EU-ASEAN Business Council, spoke...
The EVFTA will make Vietnam an even more attractive investment environment for...
Experts and industry insiders share their thoughts with VET on the newly-signed...
MoF announces timeframe for removing import duties on motor cars under TPP.
Certain goods subject to automatic elimination of tariffs while others to...
The predicament faced by Vietnam's chicken raisers provides an idea of the...
Security and maritime safety cooperation highlighted in Joint Vision Statement...
Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe...
Ambassador of Vietnam to Japan, H.E. Nguyen Quoc Cuong, shares his thoughts on...

domain: travel