Preserving permafrost subgrade is a challenge due to global warming, but passive cooling techniques have limited success. Here, we present a novel wind-driven device that can cool permafrost subgrade by circulating coolant between the ambient air and the subgrade. It consists of a wind mill, a mechanical clutch with phase change material, and a fluid-circulation heat exchanger. The clutch engages and disengages through freezing and melting phase change material, while the device turns off when the outside air temperature exceeds a certain threshold, preventing heat from penetrating the subgrade. Two-year observations demonstrate that the device effectively cooled permafrost measuring 8.0 m in height and 1.5 m in radius by 0.6–1.0 °C, with an average power of 68.03 W. The device can be adapted for cooling embankments, airstrip bases, pipe foundations, and other structures. Further experimentation is required to evaluate its cooling capacity and long-term durability under various conditions.
Polar and high-altitude infrastructures pose significant challenges due to the increasing threat of permafrost warming, which compromises the subgrade integrity of buildings1,2,3. To ensure the bearing capacity of the subgrade, engineers have employed passive cooling methods to preserve the permafrost. One commonly employed passive cooling technology involves the regulation of convective heat loss from the ground and the utilization of cold ambient air to cool the permafrost subgrade, mitigating the effects of global warming. By enhancing gas convection during cold seasons to dissipate the internal heat of the subgrade, the bearing capacity can be effectively maintained. Notable techniques include the utilization of ventilation ducts4,5,6,7, crushed rock embankments8,9,10, and thermosyphons1,11,12,13,14. For instance, in the case of subgrades incorporating ventilation ducts, the thermal energy within the subgrade can be transferred to the cold air through the air ducts in cold seasons5,15. During warm seasons when wind strength is relatively weak, subgrades overlain by ventilation ducts experience a net cooling effect. In the context of a convective embankment with a layer of crushed-rock revetment, cold air permeates through the pores of the crushed rocks during cold seasons, while the hot air at the bottom of the layer rises, creating a circulation pattern. Air circulation drains internal heat from the subgrade through reverse convection cycles, but this cooling capacity may be compromised if voids between rocks are filled with sands or other solid matter13. Likewise, thermosyphons offer an effective means to cool subgrades. With the lower end inserted into the soil and the upper end exposed to the air, thermosyphons operate by leveraging temperature differentials. When the ambient air temperature is colder than the working fluid within the lower end, the fluid undergoes boiling, and the resulting vapor rises to the upper end, effectively transporting heat from the soil (source) to the air (sink). The condensed vapor then falls back into the liquid pool, allowing the thermosyphon to operate continuously16. Conversely, when the air temperature exceeds that of the working fluid, condensation does not occur, resulting in a state of dormancy for the thermosyphon. In the thermosyphon system, heat from the surrounding soil is dissipated through the evaporative and condensing loop of ammonia. Due to the circulation of ammonia vapor, this process can still be classified as air convection cooling, adhering to the principles of heat exchange.
Traditional passive cooling techniques prove inadequate when applied to cool the subgrade of expressways in permafrost regions17,18,19,20,21. Both crushed rock layers and convection ducts exhibit low cooling efficiencies that fail to adequately preserve the underlying permafrost in the face of global warming. Furthermore, temperature variations exist between the center and edges of the crushed rock layer. While thermosyphons demonstrate relatively robust cooling capabilities, their effectiveness relies on vertical or slightly slanted insertion angles. Significant tilting compromises the cooling capacity of thermosyphons11. To enhance the cooling intensity of permafrost subgrades, researchers have explored the cooling effects of combining different cooling technologies19,22,23,24,25,26. Although the combined use of passive cooling techniques partially addresses the limitations of individual methods, it does not qualitatively improve the strength of permafrost cooling to preserve permafrost under expressway. The concept of cooling permafrost subgrades remains confined to air convective cooling approaches. Since the 1970s, efforts have been made in North America to reduce the temperature of frozen soil beneath subgrades by increasing road surface reflectivity. However, the use of high reflectivity coatings and slippery pavements has been hindered by durability issues, preventing the widespread adoption of high reflectivity pavements27,28,29. Recent advancements in synthetic asphalt-based and resin-based materials have paved the way for high albedo pavements8,30. Revisiting the use of high-albedo pavements to mitigate permafrost degradation beneath subgrades has emerged as a topic of interest3. However, it has been observed that ultraviolet radiation ages the reflective pavement surface within 1–2 years. Consequently, enhancing passive cooling capacity to preserve permafrost subgrades of expressways has become a recent research focus19,20,26,31,32. In an effort to dissipate heat from roadbeds during summer, Liu et al.33 proposed a method of cooling permafrost roadbeds using a steam compression refrigeration system. This system, akin to manual freezing or forced cooling using wind or solar energy, involves the use of electricity to transfer heat from the permafrost layer to the external environment. However, the durability of the device remains uncertain as the forced convection relies on electrical power.
The current approach to cooling permafrost subgrades primarily relies on air convection cooling, which exhibits limitations due to the low specific heat of gases and consequently lower efficiency in heat transfer through convection. The potential for increasing the strength of cooling frozen soil within this framework is constrained. It is imperative to explore alternative cooling techniques that surpass the constraints of air convective cooling and pave the way for high-efficiency cooling technologies. Here, we introduce a promising approach utilizing liquid convection for controlled heat exchange between the permafrost stratum and ambient cold air, ultimately resulting in the cooling of the permafrost. By automatically shutting off the pump when the air temperature reaches a specified threshold, the cooling capacity can be significantly enhanced. This approach elevates the heat carrier from air to liquid, thereby enabling a transition from natural convection to forced convection. Additionally, the forced convection of the liquid allows for targeted circulation, enabling the cooling method to effectively cool wide subgrades, pile foundations, and other relevant subgrade areas.
In this section, the cooling capacity of the device is demonstrated through the presentation of the temperatures of the coolant, of the device’s outer skin, and of the surrounding soils. While the temperatures of the soils are recorded on an hourly basis, the mean daily temperature is presented unless otherwise specified.
The wind-driven cooling device operates effectively
The wind-driven cooling system has been installed at the Beiluhe Permafrost Station in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for over 2 years. The local weather conditions vary between winter and summer, with mean daily air temperatures dropping below −2 °C for several months during the winter, and occasionally falling below this temperature at nighttime during the summer (Supplementary Information Figs. S1 and S2). If there is a significant temperature difference between the coolant in the inner tube and that in the outer annulus, it indicates that the pump is effectively circulating the coolant. This means that thermal energy is being transferred from the soil to the outer tube, indicating that the clutch is engaged. However, if the temperature difference is minimal, the clutch remains disengaged.
The findings from the measurements reveal that the duration of clutch engagement exhibits daily, seasonal, and annual variations, with the highest engagement observed during the months of January and February. The daily fluctuations in clutch engagement duration provide strong evidence of the successful operation of the wind-driven cooling system. The temperature profiles of the inner tube and outer annulus depicted in Fig. 1a–c indicate that, on a typical day in autumn, winter, and spring, the clutch is engaged, and the coolant circulates through the tube. In contrast, on a typical day in summer, the temperature profiles of the inner tube and outer annulus almost overlap (Fig. 1d), indicating that the clutch is disengaged, and the device is in hibernation. The consistency of these temperature profile patterns serves as a testament to the device’s successful operation in the field, in line with expectations.
The temperature difference along the double tube is derived with respect to the depth. It is evident that the temperature along the inner tube exhibits negligible variation, indicating a minimal loss of thermal energy along the tube. This desirable characteristic of minimal heat flux is advantageous, especially considering that the inner tube is constructed from PVC material, which effectively minimizes energy loss during the device’s operation. At the outer annulus, the temperature of the coolant from the bottom of the device increases progressively until to the 1.0 m depth. The power of the device (q) is the product of the heat capacity (c), density (ρ), instantaneous discharge rate (v), and temperature change (ΔT) of the flowing coolant along the outer annulus, that is q = cρvΔT. The heat capacity and density of the coolant can be found in Table 1, while the instantaneous discharge rate (v) can be found in Fig. S5 in Supplementary Information. It is found that peak instantaneous power outputs reach an impressive 300 W (Fig. 1j). An annualized assessment suggests the device’s potential to consistently deliver an average power of 68.03 W. It is imperative to acknowledge that such power metrics are susceptible to variations influenced by the phase change material’s (PCM) freezing temperature within the clutch, the pump’s operational parameters, and prevailing ambient air temperatures.
The operational characteristics of the device exhibit daily and seasonal variations. By utilizing the temperature profile separation between the inner tube and outer annulus, we have successfully determined the duration of coolant circulation for each date between September 1, 2020 and September 1, 2022. Our analysis reveals that the device operates from mid-October to mid-April, with sporadic operational hours observed outside of this time frame. During the middle of winter, when the local air temperature remains below −10 °C, the device’s full-day operation is curtailed to limited durations due to intermittent winds. From early July to early October of the subsequent year, the device remains fully disengaged. In the course of this experiment, the annual operational duration for the year 2021 was determined to be 105.15 days, which corresponds to approximately 0.288 of the entire year. It is worth noting that the device enters a hibernation state when the temperature of the phase change liquid within the clutch exceeds its freezing point −4 °C. In an examination of phase change materials (PCMs), elevating the freezing point corresponds to a prolonged operational duration. Conversely, a lower freezing point truncates the device’s operational window. However, for instance, increasing the freezing temperatures somewhere between −3.5 °C and −1 °C, while extending operational time, may inadvertently impart heat to regions that have undergone cooling to temperatures below −3.5 °C.
Temperature serials of the surrounding soil validate the device’s cooling efficiency
The remarkable cooling capabilities of the device are vividly demonstrated by the temperature series recorded at various depths and distances. Fig. 2a portrays the temperature fluctuations within the soil at a depth of 2.0 m, presenting data collected at distinct radii from the centerline of the device. The radii examined include 0.04 m, 0.60 m, 1.50 m, 3.0 m, and 5.7 m. Notably, during the period from mid-May to early October, the device’s skin temperature remains relatively stable at a depth of 2.0 m, primarily owing to the device’s hibernation state throughout most of this duration. It is essential to emphasize that the temperatures observed in 2022 surpassed those of the preceding year, largely due to local weather conditions exerting their influence. Of particular interest is the device’s skin temperature at a radius of 0.04 m, which experiences considerable variability during winter due to the daily fluctuations in the local mean air temperature. Moreover, this temperature series exhibits a discernible seasonal pattern, influenced directly by the temperature of the circulating coolant. In contrast, at a depth of 2.0 m, the temperatures of the surrounding soils at radii of 3.0 and 5.7 m converge closely, suggesting minimal impact from the device on the soil located at these greater distances. Comparatively, the temperature variations observed at radii of 0.6 and 1.5 m surpass those at 3.0 and 5.7 m, albeit to a lesser extent than the fluctuations seen at radii of 0.04 and 0.6 m. Consequently, the device effectively cools the surrounding soil up to a radius of 1.5 m. This finding underscores the impressive reach of the device’s cooling influence in the immediate vicinity.
Further validation of the device’s ability to cool the surrounding soil within a radius of up to 1.5 m can be derived from the temperature series recorded at depths of 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 m, as depicted in Fig. 2b–d. Remarkably, at these depths, the soil temperature exhibits minimal susceptibility to the seasonal fluctuations occurring at the ground surface. Consequently, the temperatures of soils situated at radii of 3.0 and 5.7 m from the device remain consistently stable throughout the measurement period, as exemplified in Fig. 2b–d. However, the soils located at radii of 0.6 and 1.5 m experience a notable cooling effect over time, as evidenced by the corresponding temperature profiles displayed in Fig. 2b–d. This observation further underscores the robust cooling impact of the device. It is worth noting that, in the first year, the soil at a radius of 1.5 m surrounding the device undergoes a substantial cooling process. While this soil continues to experience cooling in the second year, the additional decrease in temperature becomes relatively minor. This cooling pattern implies that the device is capable of effectively and rapidly cooling the surrounding soils within a radius of 1.5 m within a one-year timeframe.
The device’s skin temperature at a depth of 8.0 m, as depicted in Fig. 2d, displays a slightly diminished level of variability compared to the skin temperatures observed at the other two depths, illustrated in Fig. 2b, c. This reduction in temperature fluctuation can likely be attributed to the influence of both the surrounding soils and the coolant present in the outer annulus. Notably, the coolant temperature reaches its lowest point at the bottom of the outer annulus, while it attains its highest value at the top. In contrast, the soil at a depth of 8.0 m remains relatively warmer when compared to the soils situated at depths of 4.0 and 6.0 m. Consequently, the device’s skin temperature at depths of 4.0 and 6.0 m exhibits a notable degree of variation, likely due to the interplay between the fluctuating coolant temperature and the differing thermal characteristics of the surrounding soils. This disparity in temperature fluctuations further underscores the complex dynamics at play within the system.
A comprehensive assessment of the device’s cooling capabilities can be gleaned from the temperature profiles obtained from the surrounding soils. Fig. 2e–l present the temperature profiles of soils located at distances of 0.04, 0.6, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.7 m on selected dates during the experimental measurement period. Notably, in autumn, the temperature profile of the soil adjacent to the device descends below 2 °C, while the remaining temperature profiles tend to converge, indicating that the device has been in hibernation for several months (Fig. 2e, i). During the winter season, the temperature profiles exhibit significant divergence, primarily due to the prolonged circulation of the coolant within the double tube system (Fig. 2f, j). Following a year of operation, the temperature profiles at distances of 0.04, 0.6, and 1.5 m display distinct separations (Fig. 2i–l). In contrast, the temperatures at distances of 3.0 and 5.7 m align closely, further validating the device’s effective cooling influence within a radius of up to 1.5 m, while the cooling effect has minimal impact beyond this range. This observation provides compelling evidence regarding the localized nature of the device’s cooling capacity and reinforces the notion that its influence is primarily confined to the immediate surroundings, up to a radius of 1.5 m.
The cooling cylinder around the device enlarges over time
The temperature contour surrounding the device, depicted in Fig. 3, offers valuable insights into its cooling dynamics on selected dates, utilizing linear interpolation. Notably, on October 15, 2020, approximately one and a half months after installation, the soil column within a radius of 0.5 m around the device experienced a cooling effect, reducing the temperature from approximately −0.7 °C to −1.0 °C (Fig. 3a). By January 15, 2021, this cooled column had expanded outward, reaching an extent of approximately 1.2 m, as indicated by the −1.0 °C iso-temperature contour (Fig. 3b). Subsequently, on April 15, 2021, further expansion was observed, encompassing the soil column with a radius of 1.5 m, as illustrated in Fig. 3c. By July 15, 2021, a slight reduction in the cooling rate became apparent, evidenced by the retraction of the −2.0 °C iso-temperature contour closer to the device compared to its position on April 15, 2021. However, the −1.0 °C iso-temperature contour had extended beyond the column with a radius of 1.5 m, providing further confirmation of the device’s effective cooling capacity within a soil column extending up to 1.5 m around the device. These findings validate the device’s ability to efficiently cool the soil column within a radius of 1.5 m surrounding the device, as demonstrated by the spatial extent of the temperature contours on the selected dates.
In the subsequent year, the temperature contour analysis reveals the device’s continued cooling impact on the surrounding soils (Fig. 3e–h). A comparison between the same dates in 2021 and 2022 demonstrates that the −1.0 °C iso-temperature contour has extended further away from the device. Additionally, the area encompassed by the −0.7 °C iso-temperature contour has noticeably diminished. These variations in the extent of these two iso-temperatures provide compelling evidence of the device’s ongoing ability to cool the surrounding soils. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this difference diminishes with the passage of time. An intriguing finding arises from the observation that, while the ground temperature from 2 to 8 m has been effectively cooled, the place of the permafrost table remains unchanged. This observation bears significance as an upward movement of the permafrost table can lead to frozen heave of the shallow ground. Therefore, the preservation of the permafrost table within this context may be beneficial, ensuring the stability of the shallow ground and mitigating potential concerns associated with frozen heave.
The wind-driven cooling device exhibits parallels with apparatuses delineated in prior research (Table 2). Specifically, Zhu et al. introduced an instrument that employs a windmill to channel cold air through pre-established conduits, thereby cooling embankments in permafrost domains34. Although the utilization of wind and cold air as cooling mechanisms for permafrost strata bears resemblance, the mechanism delineated by Zhu et al. diverges fundamentally from our presented wind-driven cooling device. Firstly, our model facilitates permafrost cooling via a sealed circulation loop wherein the heat carrier functions as a liquid coolant. In contrast, rendition of Zhu et al. employs an open system, with air acting as the heat carrier. Secondly, our device’s operationality hinges on the liquid–solid phase transition of a meticulously formulated alcoholic solution, whereas the system posited by Zhu et al. is potentially electrically actuated, although such specifics remain unspecified in their publication.
The device in this study exhibits parallels with thermosyphons, though they utilize divergent cooling pathways (Table 2). Both systems deploy cylindrical tubes embedded into the soil, serving as conduits for heat transfer. Distinctions between them emerge in aspects such as the heat carrier, installation orientation, convection modality, and monitoring methodologies (Table 2). Crucially, the wind-driven cooling device presents three salient benefits when contrasted with thermosyphons. Firstly, the device demonstrates higher heat transfer efficiency owing to its utilization of forced fluid circulation, which proves more efficient compared to the air convection employed by thermosyphons (Table 2). As illustrated in Fig. 1j, the device registers an annual cooling power of 68.03 W, while the experiment conducted by Zhang et al. show that the instantaneous power of an active thermosyphon was recorded to be less than 25 W (see Fig. S5 in Supplementary Information)11. Factoring in dormant and active periods throughout the year, the annual output of an operational thermosyphon does not exceed 25 W. Secondly, real-time monitoring of the device’s operational status is made possible through the integration of a magnetic floater and a hall sensor (as depicted in Fig. 4a–c). The magnetic floater possesses a density that is slightly lower than that of the coolant, enabling its displacement from the original position as the coolant circulates within the tube. Subsequently, the outer hall sensor detects changes in the magnetic field, transmitting a signal to a remote monitoring system in the laboratory. This innovative approach allows for constant monitoring of the device’s functionality. For instance, when the local temperature drops below −10 °C and the local wind speed ranges from 3–6 m/s, the coolant should circulate through the tube. Failure to receive any signal at the monitoring end indicates a malfunction in the device, necessitating inspection and repair. Conversely, in the case of a thermosyphon, it becomes challenging to ascertain the flow of vapor and condensation when the external air temperature is colder than that of the subterranean soils. Lastly, the wind-driven cooling device exhibits enhanced adaptability in deployment due to the ability to separate the fluid-circulation heat exchanger into two parts, connected by flexible tubes. This configuration facilitates the convenient transportation of coolant to desired locations. Moreover, the separation of the heat exchanger into harvesting and depositing ends enhances the device’s versatility (as illustrated in Fig. 4a). In contrast, while a thermosyphon may be utilized at oblique angles relative to the vertical axis, achieving a horizontal or inverted position for the vaporizing end (heat-absorbing end) becomes arduous.
Notably, the current device configuration presents certain limitations that warrant further investigation. The device facilitates mechanical load transfer from the windmill through a magnetic non-contact mechanism. While this approach effectively minimizes frictional losses, the intricacy of the mechanical transfer system poses questions about the long-term durability of components, such as the bearings, necessitating further field evaluations. Presently, the system incorporates two magnetic couplings, adding to its complexity. Future iterations aim to simplify this by employing a singular magnetic coupling. Given the device’s anticipated field life expectancy of over 50 years, assessing the long-term durability of the pump remains crucial. Intuitively, the pump’s impeller may be susceptible to fatigue, especially when operating at elevated rotational speeds over extended periods. Given that the probability of fatigue failure diminishes exponentially with reduced rotational speed, a forward-looking approach might entail the design of a pump optimized for high discharge rates at lower rotational velocities.
In a departure from its conventional use as an alternative to thermosyphons, the wind-driven device offers a wider range of applications. While it can indeed be positioned at the slope toe of an embankment to facilitate localized soil cooling—mirroring thermosyphons—the device is versatile enough for thermal management of diverse infrastructures including roadway embankments, piles, airstrips, and oil pipelines (refer to Fig. 4d–h). Notably, the fluid-circulation heat exchanger need not be restricted to a double-tube configuration. It can be coupled with a U-type tube, where one extremity interfaces with the pump’s inlet and the opposing end with the outlet. For instance, positioning a U-type cooling tube beneath a roadway embankment prior to its filling can lower the embankment’s temperature. By separating the fluid-circulation heat exchanger, the end responsible for draining heat of permafrost is anchored centrally to the concrete cage of the drilling pile before pouring concrete to the drilling hole, with the inlet and outlet connectors protruding from the borehole (as depicted in Fig. 4f). These connectors are then linked to the cold end, followed by a mechanical clutch and the windmill. After the poured fresh concrete hardens, the tube will concentric with the concrete pile. In the process of cement hydration, there is an observed increase in temperature within the surrounding permafrost. Consequently, an intriguing avenue for exploration might be the circulation of a low-temperature coolant within the concrete pile through designated inlet to outlet points. This could potentially expedite the re-freezing of the adjacent soils. As demonstrated in Fig. 3, the device effectively cools a column with a radius of 1.5 m, resulting in a temperature drop of 0.6–1.0 °C after two years of installation. Notably, this column size is three times larger than that of a typical pile in geotechnical construction, enabling the device to maintain the frozen state of the soil surrounding the drilling pile. Contrarily, conventional cooling approaches for drilling piles necessitate at least four thermosyphons encircling the pile because this quartet configuration ensures a symmetrical thermal regime and effectively maintains the adjacent soil in a frozen state. Furthermore, by dividing the fluid-circulation heat exchanger, the heat-absorbing end can be employed as a sheet tube beneath embankments, airstrip bases, and similar foundations to preserve the underlying permafrost (refer to Fig. 4d–h).
This study presents on a two-year experimental investigation of the cooling performance of a wind-driven cooling device in a permafrost region. It is found that the device effectively cools the surrounding soils with a radius of 1.5 m after one year operation. While the cooled column in the second year extends further outward, the extending rate diminishes. Despite the promising cooling performance, further research is necessary to comprehensively explore the device’s potential. Further study is needed to assess the long-term cooling performance, as well as the effects of variations in parameters such as PCM, length, pump, radius, and others. Additionally, it is essential to subject the device to testing in various permafrost regions characterized by differing wind patterns and temperature fluctuations to assess the uniformity of its cooling effects. Further experimentation is also needed to evaluate the effect of device’s length on cooling performance and to conduct numerical simulations of the entire device. The authors acknowledge that the optimal installation and customization of the device for site-specific conditions remain unknown. Moreover, the device must be tested over 30–50 years in harsh permafrost conditions. Despite these challenges, the authors believe that the wind-driven cooling device has significant potential and is adaptable to various conditions.
Introduction of a wind-driven device for cooling permafrost
Here we introduce a novel device aimed at preserving the permafrost subgrade (Fig. 5). The device hibernates during warm weather (Fig. 5b–e); in cold weather, wind is harvested to circulate coolant in the device, which drains heat from the permafrost stratum to the outer cold atmosphere (Fig. 5f–i). The device consists of three main components: a wind mill, a mechanical clutch, and a fluid-circulation heat exchanger. The wind mill is connected to the mechanical clutch, which is a critical component made of solid-liquid phase change material (PCM). The fluid-circulation heat exchanger has a double-tube structure consisting of a large annulus enclosed concentrically with a small inner tube. The exchanger is filled with coolant and equipped with a pump. The inner tube features openings at its bottom that allows the coolant to circulate upward from the annulus between the outer and inner tubes, then return to the top of the inner tube (magnified in Fig. 6a). The end of the tubular exchanger equipped with a pump is connected to the clutch and exposed to the outer air a few meters, while the other end is buried underground (as shown in Fig. 6a).
The device described in the previous paragraph operates based on the temperature of the air surrounding it. In cold weather, when the air temperature falls below the freezing temperature of the Phase Change Material (PCM) used in the mechanical clutch, the PCM solidifies, engaging the clutch and allowing wind power to be harnessed and transmitted to the pump at the top of the fluid-circulation heat exchanger. The fluid-circulation heat exchanger was designed to be fully enclosed to prevent fluid evaporation or leakage during operation. To prevent the circulating fluid from evaporating or leaking, the windmill’s rotating shaft is connected to the pump’s rotating shaft using a non-contact magnetic gear. Both shafts are equipped with several magnetic pairs that are aligned concentrically. These magnetic pairs do not touch directly; instead, they have a gap between them. The load transfer between the shafts is achieved through the magnetic attraction and repulsion forces. This design ensures that the pump and the circulating fluid remain sealed within a closed space. As the coolant circulates through the heat exchanger, it absorbs heat from the surrounding soils and then drains this heat to the cold ambient air through forced convection within the outer tube of the tubular exchanger. However, in warm weather when the air temperature rises above the freezing temperature of the PCM, the PCM melts, disengaging the clutch and halting the fluid circulation. This suspension of fluid circulation occurs even in windy weather, effectively ceasing the convection heat transfer. This device serves as a practical solution for efficiently harvesting and storing low-temperature thermal energy, providing a more effective alternative to traditional air-convective cooling techniques. While the fluid-circulation heat exchanger can be designed at other curved shape (not necessary double-tube), the device can be adapted to cool wide subgrades, pile foundations, and other similar structures in an environmentally-friendly manner.
In our study, we constructed a device designed for cooling applications. The device consisted of a windmill with three blades, whose diameter was 0.8 m. A wind vane was integrated into the windmill to ensure that the blades faced the wind, regardless of its direction (Fig. 6). The windmill started to operate when the wind speed exceeded 1.8 m/s and under no load, could reach a rotational speed of 1200 r/min at 6 m/s wind. The mechanical clutch of the device utilized a 2% ethanol solution in deionized water as the solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) to lower the phase change temperature to −4 °C. The fluid-circulation heat exchanger was designed with an inner PVC tube, which had low thermal conductivity to minimize the heat gain during the downward flow of the coolant. The outer tube was constructed from Q235 steel to improve heat transfer between the upward flow of the coolant and the surrounding soils. Further details regarding the thermal properties of the fluid-circulation heat exchanger can be found in Table 1. The tubular geometry of the exchanger was optimized such that the cross-sectional area of the inner tube was several times smaller than that of the outer annulus. This geometry allowed for a faster coolant flow in the inner tube, while a slower flow in the annulus, allowing more time for the heat of the surrounding soils transferring to the coolant. The pump, when linked to the wind mill, had a discharge rate of 200 mL/s at a wind speed of 10 m/s (more details about the discharge rate can be found in Supplementary Information).
The wind-driven cooling device was installed at the Beiluhe Permafrost Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China (34.8° N, 92.9° E). The site is covered by grassland, featuring distinct geological strata, including a superficial layer of loose silt clay (0–1.0 m), followed by silt clay (1.0–2.0 m), icy clay (2.0–8.0 m), and, finally, a weathered mudstone subgrade. The local permafrost table is located at an approximate depth of 2.0 meters and the area is classified as a warm, ice-rich permafrost region with a mean annual ground temperature of −1.0 °C to −0.5 °C at depths of 10–15 meters. To monitor the temperature inside and outside the device, thermometers were installed. Inside the fluid-circulation heat exchanger, thermometers were placed at 1.0-m intervals to log the fluid temperatures of the inner pipe and the outer annulus. With a height of 10.0 m, a total of twenty thermometers were placed in the tubes. Outside the device, thermometers were mounted on the outer skin of the device at intervals of 0.5–2.0 m (Fig. 6). To minimize the impact of solar radiation on the freezing of the PCM within the device, a low-reflective coating was uniformly applied to its surface.
Prior to the installation of the wind-driven cooling device, a borehole with a diameter of 12 cm was drilled 8.1 m deep from the natural ground surface. The device was carefully centered within the borehole and secured in place by overhanging it so that its lower end was buried 8.0 m underground. The annulus between the borehole and the device was then filled with dry fine sand and compacted in layers. To measure the temperatures at different depths, four additional boreholes were drilled circumferentially around the primary borehole at distances of 0.6, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.7 m. PVC tubes equipped with thermometers were inserted into these boreholes, which were then filled with dry fine sand. The thermometers had a precision of 0.1 °C. The installation was completed on August 25, 2020 and all temperatures were logged at 60-min intervals using a Campbell CR3000 data logger with an AM16/32B 32-Channel Relay Multiplexer. The data logger began recording on September 1, 2020 and the collected data was remotely transferred. The measured temperatures from September 1, 2020 to September 1, 2022 are presented in this study.
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Arenson, L. U., Sego, D. C. & Newman, G. The use of a convective heat flow model in road designs for Northern regions. In 2006 IEEE EIC Climate Change Conference, 1–8 (IEEE, 2006).
Wagner, A. M. Review of Thermosyphon Applications (Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (US), 2014).
Zhang, M., Lai, Y. & Dong, Y. Numerical study on temperature characteristics of expressway embankment with crushed-rock revetment and ventilated ducts in warm permafrost regions. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 59, 19–24 (2009).
Gu, W., Yu, Q., Qian, J., Jin, H. & Zhang, J. Qinghai-Tibet expressway experimental research. Sci. Cold Arid Reg. 2, 396–404 (2010).
Zhang, M. et al. Evaluating the cooling performance of crushed-rock interlayer embankments with unperforated and perforated ventilation ducts in permafrost regions. Energy 93, 874–881 (2015).
Tai, B., Liu, J. & Chang, D. Experimental and numerical investigation on the sunny-shady slopes effect of three cooling embankments along an expressway in warm permafrost region, China. Eng. Geol. 269, 105545 (2020).
Dong, Y. et al. A field embankment test along the Gonghe-Yushu Expressway in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 170, 102941 (2020).
Zhang, M., Lai, Y., Dong, Y. & Li, S. Laboratory investigation on cooling effect of duct-ventilated embankment with a chimney in permafrost regions. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 54, 115–119 (2008).
Liu, M. et al. Experimental investigation on the enhanced cooling performance of a new crushed-rock revetment embankment in warm permafrost regions. Appl. Therm. Eng. 120, 121–129 (2017).
Du, Y., Wang, S., Wang, S., Chen, J. & Zhu, D. Integrative heat-dissipating structure for cooling permafrost embankment. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 129, 85–95 (2016).
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Luo, X. et al. Evaluation on the stability of expressway embankment combined with L-shaped thermosyphons and insulation boards in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions. Transp. Geotech. 30, 100633 (2021).
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The authors declare no competing interests.
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Qin, Y., Wang, T. & Yuan, W. Wind-driven device for cooling permafrost. Nat Commun 14, 7558 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43375-z


A February 2019 Toyota UK tweet mentioned the company’s plans to introduce high-performance variants of all models in the future. Since then, Gazoo Racing’s portfolio has blossomed to include a plethora of models, building on the extensive GR lineup available in Japan where everything from Prius to MPVs spawned a GR derivative.
It should be noted that Toyota established a three-tier GR range, with the GR Sport positioned all the way down mainly adopting visual enhancements combined with minimal hardware adjustments. Next comes the GR as true performance models such as the GR Yaris and the GR Supra, while at the top of the line will be the GRMN cars. As some of you will recall, the previous generation Yaris was offered in GRMN gear.
After the Fortuner SUV and Hilux pickup truck received the GR Sport treatment in August, the Corolla Cross is now undergoing the same changes in Taiwan where the model debuted this week. Being a GR Sport, everything is visible without any extra effort, but Toyota has tweaked the suspension and fine-tuned the steering to give the compact crossover a slightly sportier feel.
The Corolla Cross GR Sport can be fitted with a naturally aspirated 1.8-liter gasoline engine producing a powerful 138 horsepower (103 kilowatts) and 127 pound-feet (172 Newton-meters) of torque delivered to it. front axle by a continuously variable transmission.
There is also a hybrid version with a combined output of 122 horsepower and this also sends power to the front wheels via a CVT. Side note – the JDM Corolla Cross launched yesterday is available in a hybrid + AWD combo.
Toyota is expected to introduce the GR Sport version in other markets, and in the meantime the gasoline-only version can be purchased in Taiwan starting at the equivalent of around $ 31,600 at current exchange rates, while the hybrid starts at $ 34,100.


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The UK’s Chancellor Philip Hammond will deliver his spring statement today and will give some upbeat news: The British economy is in better shape than expected.
Hammond will deliver his first spring statement to the Commons at about 12.30pm London time. He’s set to speak for around 20 minutes in a much shorter address than many have become used to at this time of year. The spring statement now takes back seat to the budget, which has been moved to the autumn.
Hammond will also be without his iconic red briefcase containing new tax and spending proposals — that will also reappear in the autumn.
Attention will today be on the latest forecasts for the economy and the public finances.
John Hawksworth, chief economist at PwC, said that while the Chancellor will hold on to any borrowing boost ahead of Brexit uncertainties, he is expecting “more significant tax and spending announcements in the Budget in November”.
1) The state of the economy
Hammond is likely to say that the outlook for growth is marginally better than it was three months ago, with economists predicting a boost for short-term growth forecasts as the global economy powers ahead.
In November, the OBR said it was expecting the economy to expand by 1.5% in 2017 and by 1.4% in 2018.
The latest official figures from the Office for National Statistics show that growth was actually 1.7% in 2017 and the consensus among City, business and academic economists is that something similar is likely in 2018.
2) Counting the cost of Brexit
Once the Chancellor is done the government’s budget watchdog — the Office for Budget Responsibility — will outline for the first time exactly how much the so-called Brexit divorce bill will cost the UK. It will be published in an annex to the OBR’s main document.
The UK has agreed to pay obligations of between £35 billion £39 billion once it formally leaves the trading bloc in March 2019.
However, the final amount will depend on the type of arrangement the UK manages to negotiate with the EU.
3) Scaling the debt mountain
Hammond is meanwhile expected to announce government borrowing is now back to pre-financial crash levels. Borrowing is expected to be up to £10 billion lower than expected last year, due to better-than-expected tax revenues.
As a result he’s now facing calls to end more than seven years of austerity.
But, speaking on the BBC’s Andrew Marr show on Sunday, the Chancellor said Britain’s debt mountain was still too high and had to be be brought down. He wants to get debt down to below 60% of GDP, from 86% of GDP it is now.
Before the financial crisis it was at just 35% of GDP.
There is light at the end of the tunnel because what we are about to see is debt starting to fall after it has been growing for 17 continuous years. That is a very important moment for us but we are still in the tunnel at the moment. We have to get debt down.
4) The litter levy
The so-called litter levy is expected to be unveiled today — a tax on single-use plastic to raise money and help the environment.
Chewing gum, crisps and takeaway food containers could all be subjected to the tax, as Hammond joins the UK’s Environment Secretary Michael Gove’s crusade against plastic waste.
Millions of tonnes of plastic are thrown away in Britain each year and a ban on imports of plastic waste by the Chinese government late last year has increased the risk of environmental pollution in the UK.
Barry Pamplin, technical director of consultancy the Packhub told the BBC’s Wake Up to Money:
One of the problems that we’ve got now is that our whole shopping habits and our whole retail experience has changed. People do not visit their shop every day, they tend to go to an out of town retail outlet and it could be they’re shopping for a week, they could be shopping for two or three weeks.
The whole supply chain of how we receive our food and get hold of our food has changed…and for us to go back and the change the way that we package food would need a whole shift in behaviours.

domain: politics


Montreal-based ad agency Tam-Tam\TBWA, in collaboration with its client Sleeman Unibroue, developed this out-of-home piece in preparation for the launch of the brewery’s new product, Blonde de Chambly.
During the 2010 Mondial de la bière, an international beer festival in Montreal (held this year June 2-6) a MegaColumn close to the event grounds is topped with a giant cork and muselet, the wire cage that secures the cork in a bottle − two icons of the 750 mL format of high-end Unibroue beers.
“We wanted to communicate the brand’s sophistication and target the consumer who appreciates quality beer like ours,” says Carl Pichette, marketing director at Sleeman Unibroue. “We were delighted by the originality and the elegance of this campaign.”
The message invites beer lovers to come and taste the new product at Le Mondial de la bière, just steps away. The column and the extension will stay up until June 25.


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About A Friend’s Story
Akash Khurana has been acting, writing, and directing for the stage and screen for over three decades. In the eighties, he founded and edited Ovation, Bombay’s only English language theatre journal at the time. He has worked extensively with Satyadev Dubey, Sunil Shanbag and Naseeruddin Shah, directing and acting. He is a core member of Arpana, Motley, and Akvarious Productions, three of India’s foremost theatre companies. His recent theatre projects include Brian Friel’s Faith Healer, and “A Friend’s Story”, an adaptation of Vijay Tendulkar’s Mitrachi Goshta.
He made his first screen appearance in Shyam Benegal’s Kalyug and went on to play character roles in nearly 60 films such as Ardh Satya, Party, Saaransh, Trikaal, Naam, Beta, Saudagar, Sarfarosh, Company, and Barfii. He won the Nandi Award of Andhra Pradesh for playing the lead in the Telugu film Dr. Ambedkar. He has also written over 20 screenplays, including Baazigar, for which he won the Filmfare Award. He is presently directing a feature film about a mystic journey down the Ganges.
Best Actor in a Lead Role (Female)
Sayalee Phatak has been very active in the Pune theatre circuit, having performed in plays by Aasakta (including the META nominated Tichee Satra Prakarne), Natak Company, and Samanvay. She has also acted in a couple of Hindi films and a Marathi television series. Besides acting, Sayalee teaches drama in two institutes in Pune and has designed costumes for various plays.
Best Actor in a Lead Role (Male)
A trained actor and dancer, Abhay Mahajan has been a part of the alternative theatre and film movement in India for the past ten years. He has a diploma from the Attakalari Centre of Dance and Movement Arts and has acted in over 30 full length plays, 7 films, and most recently in the hugely successful web series Pitchers. This is Abhay’s second META nomination as Best Actor (after Shillak, 2013).

domain: artistic


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Ascent of Warrior Peak on 2018-09-29
|Others in Party:||Scott Rice -- Trip Report or GPS Track|
|Date:||Saturday, September 29, 2018|
|Ascent Type:||Successful Summit Attained|
| Elevation:||7320 ft / 2231 m|
Ascent Trip ReportDid as a one day trip with Scott. Very steep from Cirque to Col. Might be easier with snow. Didn’t bring our crampons or ice axe so were committed to the face. High 4th class at least. Scott free climbed since we didn’t have any pro! We had one harness so Scott belayed me up off the small bush. Solid handholds but nice to have belay,very exposed. 11 hours.
|Summary Total Data|
| Total Elevation Gain:||4782 ft / 1457 m|
| Gear Used:||Rope, Ski Poles|
| Gain on way in:||4782 ft / 1457 m|
| Distance:||22 mi / 35.4 km|
| Start Trailhead:||2538 ft / 773 m|
|GPS Data for Ascent/Trip|
GPS Waypoints - Hover or click to see name and lat/long
Peaks: climbed and unclimbed by Dan Lauren
Click Here for a Full Screen Map
Note: GPS Tracks may not be accurate, and may not show the best route. Do not follow this route blindly. Conditions change frequently. Use of a GPS unit in the outdoors, even with a pre-loaded track, is no substitute for experience and good judgment. Peakbagger.com accepts NO responsibility or liability from use of this data.
Download this GPS track as a GPX file
This page has been served 381 times since 2005-01-15.

domain: geography


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Our goal is to travel all 23 contiguous countries in the Americas. We have a very general idea of what the route could be. We are planning a flexible route for our trip but for the most part we'll figure it out as we go. Stay tuned!
The blue dotted routes are our overland travels done in preparation for the long trip south. The orange dotted route is what we think our trip wanderings will look like more or less. View our actual route here.


For 34 years, the Range Rover moniker represented a single, full-size Land Rover vehicle with renowned off-road grit. With the arrival of the Sport (2004) and Evoque (2011), Range Rover came to represent more than just all-terrain capability. Style, performance, and luxury were the new buzzwords surrounding Land Rover’s iconic nameplate. Given the posh trajectory, one might assume we’d be more prepared for the fourth member of the family, but after our Land Rover Range Rover Velar first drive review, we discovered that we simply weren’t.
The Velar is unlike any Land Rover product ever seen in concept or production husk. The SUV’s striking exterior, minimalist cabin, and innovative gadgetry tear open the envelope that once contained our expectations.
Even the name echoes the new model’s significance. Derived from the Latin word “Velaris,” meaning “hidden” or “disguised,” Velar first appeared on early Range Rover prototypes during the late 1960s. Decades later, Land Rover is once again making an important statement, and anyone who wasn’t listening then had better listen now.
The Velar name may be steeped in Land Rover history, but everything else about this premium SUV is all-new. From the aluminum-intensive platform, to the cockpit’s three TFT screens, to the curvaceous sheet metal, the 2018 Range Rover Velar is an intersection of “firsts” for the U.K.-based manufacturer.
Trim levels & features
Land Rover’s lowest, most aerodynamic model ever, the Velar slips through the air with a drag coefficient of just 0.32Cd. Motionless, its sleek panels appear pinned to the frame like a greaser’s hair to his scalp — right down to the flush door handles that emerge only when summoned. Cues from both the redesigned Discovery and Evoque grace the Velar’s design, though its overall aesthetic is rousing like no Land Rover before.
A high, defined beltline, cab-rearward proportions, a long wheelbase, and an elegantly sloping roofline distinguish the Velar’s silhouette. In profile, blackened pillars visually separate the greenhouse from the SUV’s body. Viewed from above, its recessed cabin traces an unbroken circumference akin to a layer cake. At the front, a rounded fascia is contrasted by piercing Matrix LED headlights, while at the rear, slender LED taillights sit within a dark body-width panel. Few vehicles reward observers with developing intrigue like the Velar.
First Edition models (limited to 500 units in the U.S.) enhance the exterior with intricate 22-inch wheels, available satin (matte) finishes, and burnished bronze accents on the hood, front fascia, and side vents. These range-topping versions load up the Velar’s scorecard and max out its price tag at $89,300.
Amid the ocean of Velar trim levels, the $49,900 wading pool beckons with features like standard all-wheel drive, Terrain Response, LED headlights, a duo of 10.0-inch digital displays, 18-inch alloy wheels, SuedeCloth and Luxtec seating surfaces, dual-zone automatic climate control, 4 USB ports, a Wi-Fi hotspot, and a host of driver aids.
It isn’t the spectrum of innovative gadgets that astounds so much as the way this technology is integrated. At rest, the Velar’s pair of center-mounted 10-inch monitors shelter within the handsome interior design, but a jab of the starter button ignites the cockpit with light and color. Land Rover refers to this phenomenon as “design enabling technology,” and we have to admire the all-or-nothing philosophy.
A 12.3-inch digital driver display replaces the old-school gauge cluster and furnishes a reconfigurable array of dials, readouts, drive mode info, or edge-to-edge map visuals depending on preference. Just above the driver’s console, an available head-up display refines the data overload to current speed, posted limits, and, if applicable, turn-by-turn directions. Touch-sensitive steering wheel controls adapt to current menus, revealing new functions and shadowing others as needed.
Initially, the lightshow is overwhelming, but Land Rover’s thoughtful hand-offs between screens and intuitive menus curb the chaos nicely. Touch Pro Duo — the automaker’s latest generation infotainment system — uses an Intel quad core processor, a high-speed 60GB solid-state drive, and an ultra-fast Ethernet network to blitz between pages and cast stunning visuals on both HD screens. On the lower 10.0-inch display, a pair of “magic” wheels can be used to adjust climate control, select drive modes, or flip between radio stations. The brilliance of the Velar’s interior technology can be boiled down to the fact that each input tailors to the content. Nothing is purpose-built; everything is adaptive.
Beyond its digital wizardry, the Velar is available with a range of class-leading convenience features, including a 1,600-watt Meridian sound system, quad-zone climate control, semi-autonomous advanced Tow Assist, ambient lighting, 20-way front seats with heating and cooling, and cabin air ionization.
Interior fit & finish
As a result of all this “don’t speak unless spoken to” technology, the Velar’s cabin is a work of elegant simplicity – or rather a “calming sanctuary combining exceptional space with authentic materials and finishes,” – in the words of Gerry McGovern, Land Rover’s Chief Design Officer.
Uncluttered, yes, but don’t mistake the Velar’s cabin for boring. A raked, cross-stitched dashboard juts directly from the windshield to the front passengers before retreating towards the floor. The dashboard’s sharp angle integrates four polished metal air vents and the upper HD monitor without visual disruption. First Edition models boast leather surfaces just about everywhere except for the headliner, which is wrapped in microfiber suede. The extensive use of piano black panels, which are prone to smudging and scratching, is a small price to pay for the Velar’s chic reductionism.
Buyers may choose from two tiers of leather seating surfaces or an industry-first sustainable textile from Kvadrat. The no-cost material comes in Dapple Grey and features a wool-blend textile contrasted with Suedecloth inserts. It’s a distinctive look to be sure, but we prefer our First Edition’s plush 20-way leather chairs, which remain comfortable even after hours of driving on coarse terrain.
The Velar’s extensive wheelbase affords plenty of room for five passengers, including ample leg and headroom for rear riders. Cargo capacity is equally generous at 34.4 cubic feet of space behind the 40/20/40 split-folding rear bench, or a 70.7-inch long cavity with seats stowed.
Driving performance & MPG
Land Rover will offer no less than six powertrains for the Velar, including three earmarked for the U.S. market. A new 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder serves as the base motor, providing 247 horsepower and 269 pound-feet of torque. The sole oil-burning option for North America is a 2.0-liter diesel four-cylinder developing 180 hp and 317 lb-ft. Atop the range is a 3.0-liter supercharged V6 (shared with the F-Type and F-Pace) tuned to produce 380 hp and 332 lb-ft.
A ZF eight-speed automatic transmission and permanent all-wheel drive is standard kit on every Velar. The gearbox works through gears efficiently in normal conditions, but it holds them for maximum performance in Dynamic mode. Equipped with its mightiest motor and aided by permanent all-wheel drive, the Velar pushes 4,000-ish pounds to 60 mph in just 5.3 seconds. Even the lowly gas engine is far from slow, jogging to 60 mph in 6.4 seconds.
On paved surfaces, Dynamic mode programs throttle response, steering feel, shift timing, and suspension damping to make the most of the Velar’s aluminum-intensive platform. Beyond the borders of infrastructure, Land Rover’s Terrain Response 2 system takes over. With settings for every type of topography, plus an adaptive ‘Auto’ mode, the Velar tailors its ride height and power application to conquer obstacles other SUVs wouldn’t dare consider – all on low-profile street tires. Additional off-road goodies like All Terrain Progress Control, hill-descent control, and a locking differential suggest the Velar is more comfortable scampering up a mountainside, but taming a back road is near as much fun.
Land Rover has yet to reveal U.S. cycle mpg figures, but the F-Pace 35t’s 18 city/23 highway figures are a good barometer for the supercharged V6-powered Velar.
The 2018 Land Rover Range Rover Velar comes standard with six airbags, low traction launch, automatic emergency braking, lane departure warning, and rear parking sensors. Upgradable driving aids include adaptive cruise control with queue assist, a driver condition monitor, reverse traffic detection, lane keeping assist, blind spot assist, and traffic sign recognition with an adaptive speed limiter.
Land Rover’s volume-market Velar will look a bit different from our $90K First Edition, but we’re confident every trim level deserves our favor. Its bare inputs — a lightweight aluminum platform, smooth powertrains, devastating good looks, and innovative technology — are tremendous. The Velar mingles genuine Range Rover capability with a depth of refinement that will invigorate the Land Rover brand. A beauty on road and a beast off it — that’s the new Range Rover.


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Kressig Presented Gold Star Award From Iowa Sheriffs and Deputies
The Iowa State Sheriffs' and Deputies' Association (ISSDA) will recognize the recipients of its annual ISSDA GOLD STAR Awards for excellence in leadership on public safety and law enforcement issues in Iowa. The GOLD STAR Awards are given to no more than five individuals each year who, through their public service, demonstrate genuine dedication to supporting the goals and ideals of ISSDA's mission "To Serve and Protect the People of Iowa."
Recipients of the 2011 GOLD STAR Awards were announced at the ISSDA Winter School in December and who will be publicly thanked and recognized at the State Capitol today, are:
• Governor Terry Branstad and Lt. Governor Kim Reynolds, for their commitment to quality law enforcement training programs for Iowa peace officers and for their interest in and efforts to reach out to local officials on important public safety matters;
• Senator Tom Hancock of Epworth for his constant leadership on several criminal justice and public safety initiatives, especially for his work on proposals to enhance E911 and public safety training funding and programs; and, above all, for his personal service as a retired volunteer firefighter;
• Representative Bob Kressig of Cedar Falls, for his on-going dedication to public safety and criminal justice issues as former vice chair and current ranking member of House Public Safety Committee, and for his continued commitment to achieving statewide public safety interoperability in Iowa;
• Representative Gary Worthan of Storm Lake for his efforts to restore quality leadership and resources for the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy, as well as for his on-going dedication to public safety and criminal justice issues as a long-time member of House Public Safety Committee and as co-chair of Justice Appropriations.
Recipients are selected for this honor by sheriffs and deputies of the ISSDA Legislative Committee and Board of Directors, who work side by side with policy makers each year on public safety and law enforcement issues that directly impact Iowans. No more than two members each of the Iowa House and Senate are eligible to receive the award each year.
"Protecting Iowa citizens and keeping peace in our communities is one of the primary roles of government," says 2011 ISSDA President Sheriff Duane Hildebrandt of Bremer County. "While we are fortunate in Iowa to have overwhelming support of public safety initiatives among our legislative delegation and state leaders, the recipients of the GOLD STAR Award have distinguished themselves by going above and beyond to respond to serious public safety and law enforcement challenges. This is a special honor that is not given lightly; it is an honor these individuals have earned through their public service."
As recipients of the GOLD STAR Award, they each receive a plaque that resembles the ISSDA Gold Star emblem, which is the badge worn by Iowa sheriffs and deputies.


text:
Dealing with dementia
- When: Tuesday, July 10, 2007, 3 p.m. to 4:15 p.m.
- Where: Yampa Valley Medical Center, Steamboat Springs
- Cost: Free
- Age limit: All ages
- Categories: Support Group
The caregiver support group for families dealing with dementia is from 3 to 4:15 p.m. Tuesday in the VNA lounge at Yampa Valley Medical Center. Call 879-8942.

domain: medical


text:
Cousin Stizz is preparing for his new album Trying To Find My Next Thrill and dropping new content. Today he drops the visual for the single “Toast 2 That” that features Freddie Gibbs.
Today, Freddie Gibbs and Madlib release their new album, Bandana, via Keep Cool/RCA Records and Madlib Invazion/ESGN. The album includes previous releases “Flat Tummy Tea,” “Crime Pays,” and “Giannis” featuring Anderson. Paak. The album is the pair’s follow up to their 2014 critically-acclaimed debut Piñata, and includes additional features from Pusha T, Killer Mike, Yasiin Bey, and Black Thought.
Freddie Gibbs and Madlib are also set to play a string of shows in the U.S. and Europe this summer, which kicked off earlier this week with a sold-out, two-night residency at The Roxy in Los Angeles. They’re set to play at MoMa PS1’s Warm Up series in New York, Paredes De Coura Festival in Portugal, and Made in America in Philadelphia later this summer before heading off to Europe again in the Fall. Additional dates to follow soon.
Listen to Bandana above, see upcoming tour dates with more to follow below, and stay tuned for additional info from Freddie Gibbs & Madlib in the coming weeks.
Stream : https://smarturl.it/xBandanax
Freddie Gibbs joins Nuez on a new single before the ‘Bandana’ album.
Curren$y and Freddie Gibbs give fans a 9-track album produced entirely by The Alchemist.
2018 (Till infinity) promises to be a very special year for the legendary and influential Hieroglyphics imprint. Not only does 2018 mark the 25th anniversaries for Souls Of Mischief’s debut 93 Till Infinity and Del’s No Need For Alarm, but also the collective’s collaborative efforts, 1998’s 3rd Eye Vision and 2003’ Full Circle. To celebrate these landmark anniversaries, Hiero will be releasing some very exciting companion pieces (which will be announced soon) and never before heard material from the vaults.
Before those announcements are made, Hiero is proud to announce their 7th Annual Hiero Day Festival & Black Party which will take place on Labor Day, Monday 9-3-2018 in Oakland, CA. Hiero Day is an all-day, all-age music festival, showcasing over 40 live performances on 3 different stages by both local and renowned artists in genres such as hip-hop, rap, R&B, and more with the legendary hip-hop collective Hieroglyphics headlining the festival; and additional performances from Black Thought, Freddie Gibbs, Talib Kweli, Mannie Fresh, Elzhi, The Pharcyde, Charli 2NA, Georgia Anne Muldrow, Richie Rich, People Under The Stairs among many. The event will be hosted by Mistah FAB, Chuy Gomez, Dnas & Chinaka Hodge & Chris Riggins.
Each year over 100 local vendors and exhibitors participate in Hiero Day. Our exhibitors help make the festival fun and exciting, while showcasing the diversity of our community. This year’s activities and entertainment include an expanded selection and variety of food (food trucks), dancing, shopping from local vendors, merch, and even a kid-friendly area complete with bounce houses, face painting and more. Public transportation is highly encouraged, as parking is extremely limited. The festival is conveniently located 3rd and Chestnut in West Oakland) a short walk from the West Oakland BART station!
After the success of the Hiero Day’s first festival in 2012, former Oakland Mayor Jean Quan declared September 3rd as “Hiero Day” in the City of Oakland. With Hiero Day in its 7thyear in production, 2018 marks the biggest and best Hiero Day yet! $19.93 per ticket for an all-day (with Fast Pass & VIP Tickets also available), three stage event with hundreds of vendors and over 40 musical acts is the greatest festival bargain for any summer festival.
Visit www.hieroday.com for ticketing information, as well as updates on performances, vendor information, festival activities and sponsorship and volunteer opportunities. Location, ticket and vendor info for the 7th Annual Hiero Day Festival is available here.
If you are interested in attending and or covering the 7th annual Hiero Day Festival and want press/photo passes, or would like to speak with Hiero about the festival please let me know and I will gladly facilitate.
ABOUT HIEROGLYPHICS IMPERIUM
Hieroglyphics, the legendary Oakland-based underground hip-hop collective founded in the early 1990’s, is composed of rappers Del the Funky Homosapien, Casual, Pep Love, Domino, DJ Touré, and Souls of Mischief members A-Plus, Phesto, Opio, and Tajai. After releasing several albums on major labels, in 1997 they created their own indie empire, Hieroglyphics Imperium, and have been an influential force in the independent music scene ever since. Since its inception, the Hiero Crew has thrived, releasing several albums and collaborating with a laundry list of popular and independent artists, including The Gorillaz, Q-Tip, Georgia Clinton, Jurassic 5, Bill Ortiz, Dilated Peoples, Dan The Automator, Prince Paul, Xzibit, and more.
For More Information:
Freddie Gibbs new 10-track effort is limited to guest appearances from 03 Greedo, Cassie Jo Craig and Irie Jane Gibbs.
Freddie Gibbs, G Perico and Mozzy team up for a new single called “Colors,” produced by League Of Starz.
Freddie Gibbs releases a new video for “Andrea” taken from his You Only Live 2wice album. Produced by Pops, Slwjmz, Crooklyn & Speakerbomb.
After the release of his new album last Friday, Freddie Gibbs has announced that he’ll be hitting the road on his ‘You Only Live 2wice Tour.’ The tour will hit up 19 cities across North America, including Seattle, San Francisco, Oakland, Atlanta, Washington D.C., Boston, New York, Toronto, Chicago and more. Gibbs will be touring from May 16th until June 25th, with more dates set to be announced later.
Tickets are available to purchase HERE.


text: Hemi Park is a Data Coordinator for the Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory (CSTL) at the University of Pennsylvania. She supports the CORONA project by reviewing and extracting clinical trial data to identify potential pharmaceutical treatments for COVID-19. She completed her Master of Public Health degree with a concentration in Epidemiology from Temple University. With her research experience in substance misuse and reproductive health, she is interested in health equity, and social determinants of health, and clinical epidemiology. Outside of work, she enjoys biking around the city, going to Chinatown, drinking coffee, and reading.


text:
Sinasac DS, Riordan JD, Spiezio SH, Yandell BS, Croniger CM, Nadeau JH. Genetic control of obesity, glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia and fatty liver in a mouse model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2016 Feb;40(2):346-55. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.184. Epub 2015 Sep 18.
Joseph H Nadeau Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME|
|Participants||Sinasac DS, Riordan JD, Spiezio SH, Yandell BS, Croniger CM|
|Contact||Joseph H Nadeau email@example.com
|Acknowledgements||The authors would like to thank Mary Slaughter and Sudha Iyengar for their helpful discussions.|
|Funding Provided By||NIH grants RR12305; AA017837; and Postdoctoral Fellowship Award from the Canadian Diabetics Association.|
|Phenotype strain survey data set|
|MPD identifiers||Nadeau3 MPD:1095|
|No updates/corrections. Initial release date: 01/2023.|
Click above to copy-paste the entire citation for this MPD web page.
|After 16 wks on high-fat high-sucrose diet.|
|Body weight and body mass index after 16 wks of high-fat high-sucrose diet.|
|Insulin and insulin resistance after 16 wks of high-fat high-sucrose diet. Overnight fast.|
|Cholesterol and triglycerides. Overnight fast, plasma. Hepatic triglycerides.|
|Liver weight after 16 wks of high-fat high-sucrose diet. Overnight fast.|


Steel cabinet catch has some surface rust but is in working condition. It has a 3/8” offset with a 1 3/8” on center mounting holes. Right hand catch.
Application: Came from a late 1940 Prairie Schooner
Width: 1 1/2"
Depth: 1 1/2"
2 Reviews Hide Reviews Show Reviews
Thank you so much for the great product!! It is perfect!!
Thanks for a great product!! Just what I was looking for!


text:
9/3/16: Emma Hack, today’s featured artist, specializes in body art and makeup. She does an amazing job of choosing scenes and designs into which to blend. Much like one of my first posts, Wallflower, the subjects are painted to match the bold wallpaper against which they stand. In those earlier photos, the artist – who was also the model – seemed like she was trying to disappear into the background. Hack, however, definitely feels very present in her work, even though she herself doesn’t appear in her photos.
Sometimes, her models are the main event, sometimes, they merge with the background, but they are always cleverly, creatively, joyfully there. The series I want to show you is called “Wallpaper” and features papers by the famous wallpaper designer Florence Broadhurst. Broadhurst’s work is so lush and gorgeous, it really deserves its own post, but Hack got my attention first.
And whether you realize it or not, you know Hack’s work. She is known the world over for her painting of the singers in Gotye’s impossibly well-known music video for “Somebody I Used to Know.” What a talented artist!
All images property of Emma Hack.

domain: entertainment


CMHC RENTAL CONSTRUCTION FINANCING
The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) offers the Rental Construction Financing initiative (Financing initiative) which provides lower-cost loans to encourage the construction of rental housing across Canada. It will provide up to $625 million in loans each year for 4 years starting in 2017.
The loans offer:
a 10-year term (fixed or hybrid) for certainty during the most risky periods of development
up to a 50-year amortization period for smaller monthly payments and long-term viability
CMHC mortgage loan insurance from the outset with the premium fully paid at no additional cost to the borrower
up to 100% loan to cost for residential space and up to 75% loan to cost for non-residential space
interest payments only during the construction and rent-up phase — principal payments begin after 1 year of stable operating income
Loans are available for:
private sector developers and builders
non-profit housing providers
The initiative focuses on standard apartment projects in Canada. It does not support construction of niche housing types such as retirement homes, single room occupancy, student housing and equity co-ops.
For more information on this initiative, click here


text:
3 edition of Alternative Treatments for Fibromyalgia & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome found in the catalog.
by Publishers Group West
Written in English
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||270|
Peter Rowe, who investigates chronic fatigue in children happened to stumble on the fact that a large percentage of his patients also had EDS and forms of dysautonomia. About % of EDSers have chronic pain (both myopathic and neuropathic) and . Table of Contents for Alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome / Mari Skelly and Helen Walker, available from the Library of Congress. Tests You Can Do for Yourself The Tilt Table Test Candida Glossary Bibliography Books Periodicals Notes on Contributors Resources and Recommended.
Fatigue has been a mystery to the research world. Take multiple sclerosis (MS) – one of the most fatiguing diseases known. Fatigue is often one of the first symptoms that shows up in MS and it’s often the most troubling symptom MS patients experience, yet the fatigue in MS isn’t associated with the nerve lesions that cause the movement and other problems found in the disease. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are closely related illnesses of uncertain etiology. This article reviews the research literature on these biobehavioral conditions, with an emphasis on explanatory models, clinical evaluation of comorbid psychiatric disorders, assessment of stress factors, pharmacologic and alternative therapies, and cognitive-behavioral treatment studies.
Lyme, Fibromyalgia, or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Many people with Lyme disease are incorrectly diagnosed as having fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome. In my Seattle practice, before I became a Lyme disease physician, my main focus was treating fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. In one of my patients asked for Lyme disease. And, most importantly, you can find natural fibromyalgia fatigue treatment, natural pain management and ways to manage your other fibromyalgia symptoms so you can lead a normal life. Fibromyalgia And How It Affects Your Life. Fibromyalgia, much like chronic fatigue syndrome is a set of symptoms that occur together.
Political status of Puerto Rico
Review of deferral
What your dog needs
Panama Canal Commission Authorization Act, fiscal year 1986
Greater Plymouth (Official Arrow Massachusetts series)
David Gerrand (1855-1944) and his family
Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials
Marc Morrones ask the bird keeper
English drama, 1865-1900.
Out of 5 stars Alternative treatments for Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Reviewed in the United States on Ma My partner has both Fibromyalgia and CFS and this booklet with its fully explained contents on Alternative Treatments has given us a most informative insight into these/5(10).
Alternative Treatments for Fibromyalgia & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Insights from Practitioners and Patients [Skelly, Mari, Helm, Andrea, Brown, Paul B., Brown, M.D. Paul B.] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Alternative Treatments for Fibromyalgia & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Insights from Practitioners and Patients/5(5).
Personal testimony from patients and their medical practitioners frames the resounding message of this book: there are a host of alternative therapies available to help people with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia, a condition of chronic pain.
An important resource for people with these conditions, this book also covers health insurance and disability benefit considerations. Get this from a library. Alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. [Mari Skelly; Helen Walker] -- "Mainstream medicine, however useful in other areas of healing, has failed to effectively treat the complexities of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.
This useful book focuses on alternative. Get this from a library. Alternative treatments for fibromyalgia & chronic fatigue syndrome: insights from practitioners and patients.
[Mari Skelly; Andrea Helm] -- Describes the effectiveness of tai chi, yoga, acupuncture, massage, and chiropractic. Alternative Treatments for Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome PDF Free Download E-BOOK DESCRIPTION Mainstream medicine, however useful in other areas of healing, has failed to effectively treat the complexities of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.
alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome Posted By Judith Krantz Publishing TEXT ID ede5c Online PDF Ebook Epub Library fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome 2rev ed by mari skelly and helen walker isbn from amazons book store everyday low prices and free delivery.
alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome Posted By Irving Wallace Library TEXT ID ede5c Online PDF Ebook Epub Library the worlds largest community for readers mainstream medi the first edition isbn has sold copies worldwide buy alternative treatments for fibromyalgia. Background: There have been several systematic reviews attempting to evaluate the efficacy of possible treatments for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM).
However, information regarding the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has not been comprehensively or systematically covered in these reviews, despite its frequent use in. But many people with fibromyalgia and some doctors believe some alternative treatments can help ease pain, fatigue, and other symptoms, especially when combined with conventional : Anthony Jaffe.
alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome Posted By Debbie Macomber Ltd TEXT ID ede5c Online PDF Ebook Epub Library didnt know much about it alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome book read 2 reviews from the worlds largest community for readers.
Buy Alternative Treatments for Fibromyalgia & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Insights from Practitioners and Patients by Mari Skelly, Andrea Helm (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible s: 4. alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome Posted By C.
Lewis Publishing TEXT ID ade3 Online PDF Ebook Epub Library found within illness this cfs website shares information to increase your ability to live well with and find the emotional resilience to cope with chronic fatigue syndrome. People with fibromyalgia (FMS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can have dozens of symptoms, including severe pain that's treatment-resistant.
It often takes a combination of several medications to make us feel substantially better. Because each medication carries its own risk, and those risks can increase when taken with other drugs, it pays to know your medications well. Celeste Cooper, R.N., worked as a nurse and nurse educator for more than 20 years before being diagnosed with fibromyalgia, chronic myofascial pain, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
She is now an advocate for sufferers of these disorders and lives in Missouri and Arizona. alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome Posted By Harold Robbins Publishing TEXT ID ede5c Online PDF Ebook Epub Library doesnt mean they wont work for you amitriptyline and duloxetine amitriptyline this was the first drug i was given after the diagnosis of fibromyalgia and me i didnt know.
alternative treatments for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome insights from practitioners and patients Posted By Mary Higgins ClarkPublishing TEXT ID Online PDF Ebook Epub Library alternative treatments and natural remedies for fibromyalgia fibromyalgia is an unpleasant disorder that causes musculoskeletal pain which is often accompanied by memory and.
A small study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine found D-Ribose significantly reduced clinical symptoms for those with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. In the study, participants were given 5 grams daily and 66 percent of patients experienced significant improvement.
There are lots of alternative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome – also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS) or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID). These range from. Fatigue can be caused by many things, including multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, depression, cancer, and infections.
Modafinil It is used off-label to treat other disorders, such as ADHD, due its stimulant properties, and it may be useful for treating fatigue in patients who do not suffer from sleep disorders. Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Alternative and integrative treatment of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome'.
Together they form a unique fingerprint. T1 - Alternative and integrative treatment of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. AU - Sierpina, Victor S. AU -. Fibromyalgia has been called the “invisible disease,” a poignant term that captures its hidden symptoms, including widespread pain and general fatigue.
Living with fibromyalgia can lead to. Chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis, is a long-term complicated illness with unknown causes that is characterized by at least six months of pain and fatigue.
There is currently no cure for the illness and diagnosis can be difficult due to lack of testing with adequate sensitivity and specificity.


text:
Meek Mill has dropped a new EP called Legends of the Summer. Listen below. It marks his first project since he was released from prison in April. The EP includes the previously released single “Stay Woke,” featuring Miguel. The two debuted the song with a politically charged performance at the 2018 BET Awards about police brutality. Other guests on the project include Swizz Beatz, Jeremih, PnB Rock, and Jahlil Beats.
Recently, Judge Grence Brinkley denied Meek a new trial, despite the Philadelphia District Attorney's office previously stating in court that Meek’s 2007 convictions should be overturned in a new trial. Brinkley is the same judge who sentenced Meek to prison due to a probation violation.

domain: law


Now South Korea Is Talking About Getting Nukes
Now South Korea wants to go nuclear.
Following North Korea's successful nuclear test, South Korean politicians are openly mooting the idea of acquiring their own nuclear deterrent, according to a report in the Korea Times.
One such politican, Won Yoo-chul, suggested that the country develop nuclear weapons on the condition "that we immediately scrap them if the North gives up its nuclear program." Another conservative lawmaker described the current state of South Korean defenses as trying to defend your home with a pebble against a gangster with a machine gun.
Other lawmakers prefer to remain under the U.S. nuclear umbrella (the U.S. stopped basing nuclear weapons in Korea in 1991 as efforts to "denuclearize" the Korean Peninsula began). And there are several legal obstacles in front of South Korea: they would have to pull out of the Non Proliferation Treaty and a bilateral nuclear accord with the U.S. before it could obtain nuclear weapons.
Still, one can see the logic of South Korea's nuclear threats: they may just be enough to goad China into taking a tougher line against Pyongyong.


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By using electricity from renewable sources, high-temperature solid oxide co-electrolysis cells (SOCs) can perform advantageous conversion of H2O/CO2 to high-value syngas. In this work, we investigated the performance of tubular solid oxide co-electrolysis cells for the production of syngas by electrochemical conversion of H2O/CO2. The tubular solid-oxide electrolysis cells comprise Ni-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) based fuel-electrode supported cells, a yttria or scandia-stabilized zirconia (YSZ and ScSZ) electrolyte, and a composite air-electrode of (La0.85Sr0.15)0.9MnO3 (LSM) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF). The electrochemical performance of the tubular SOCs for various operating conditions was analyzed using I-V curves, EIS analysis, and gas chromatography. From the results, we confirm the correlation between the operating conditions and the electrochemical performance of the co-electrolysis process in the tubular SOCs. Furthermore, we found that the syngas yield of the ScSZ electrolyte-based SOC cell was better than that of the YSZ electrolyte-based SOC. The results show that using a tubular SOC offered highly efficient conversion of H2O/CO2, with high yield and good-quality syngas.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering(all)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

domain: chemistry


text: Mueble de España will be present at the SUPERSALONE event that will take place in Milan from 5 to 10 September 2021. On this special occasion, a group of 9 Spanish companies will showcase all the new products that they have not been able to exhibit in the past months. Original designs, innovative materials and a wide variety of products ranging from outdoor furniture, to carpets, to paintings and all kinds of chairs, armchairs and lounge chairs. Pieces made to enjoy. Pieces "made in Spain".

domain: news


Need help translating UK English pattern
I need help. I found the following pattern online but am having trouble "translating" it into American-friendly instructions:
Method for the slippers
The soles (two the same): Using 3 3/4mm needles cast on 9 stitches and work 1 row moss stitch. Working the whole sole in moss stitch, increase 1 stitch at each end of next row by knitting into front and back of first and last stitch. (11 stitches on needle.) Work 9cm without shaping. Decrease 1 stitch at each end of row by knitting first 2 stitches together and last 2.
Cast off remaining 9 stitches in moss stitch.
The uppers (two the same) :sing 3 3/4mm needles, cast on 19 stitches. Working the whole upper in moss stitch, increase 1 stitch at end of next row by knitting into front and back of last stitch, then increase 1 stitch at same edge on the next 5 rows for the toe shaping. (25 stitches on needle) Work 4 rows without shaping, finishing at straight back edge. Cast off 12 stitches in moss stitch at start of next row. Decrease 1 stitch at end of next row by knitting last 2 stitches together. Decrease 1 stitch at start of next row by knitting first 2 stitches together. Increase 1 stitch at end of next row by casting on 1 stitch after last stitch. Work 1 row without shaping. Cast on 13 stitches at end of next row (25 stitches on needle).
Work 4 rows without shaping. Decrease 1 stitch at toe end on next 6 rows. Cast off remaining 19 stitches.
Join straight edges at back of heel on uppers. Insert sole, pin around edge and attach using simple blanket stitch, easing in fullness around toe.
What part don't you understand?
It uses size 5 needles, and moss stitch is usually k 1, p1 on the first row and on the next rows you purl the knits and knit the purls as they face you. The picture looks like this is right. They're adorable, by the way!!
This actually looks like a fairly well worded pattern, the only thing is that it talks about metric needle sizes and cemtimeters instead of inches. A 3-3/4mm needle is the same as a US5, and 9cm = approx 3.5".
Hi from England!! :happydance:
What dont you understand?
BTW they are so adorable I need to knit at least 6 pairs :teehee:
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This Thanksgiving, Chris and I traveled home to see my family. The night before Thanksgiving lunch, my mom and I set out to make cornbread dressing, and we discovered we didn't have any corn meal. You know, the corn meal to make the cornbread that goes into the cornbread dressing?
I offered to drive to Kroger and fight the fight of everyone else who had forgotten one ingredient the day before Thanksgiving, but before I got in the car, Mom said that she did have polenta. Polenta is just a larger grind of corn than corn meal.
So you know what? I ground (in the food processor) the polenta to get it closer to corn meal.
And it worked! The cornbread came together perfectly. I felt very pioneer-like doing this successfully.
But I didn't get a photo of the finished cornbread dressing. I was much too busy eating. I was able to get a group shot, thanks to my new remote control for my camera.
A pretty good looking group.
And, yes. I did cut my hair again. It's even shorter than before, and I'm loving it!

domain: hobby


text:
What an interesting book! Especially if you know Tunbridge Wells (though I'm a Lewesian). Fascinating to view the long struggle for Votes for Women through a local lens. Very well researched, well written, informative, lively. Thank you Anne!
by Jane Salvage
Anne, who lives in a converted coach-house in the centre of Tunbridge Wells, is a researcher and writer with a particular interest in local and women's history.
Having grown up near Tunbridge Wells, Anne returned to live there around ten years ago. Since then she has researched the town's history extensively and started a blog, 'Tunbridge Tales', in which she tells the stories of past residents. 'Disgusted Ladies: the women of Tunbridge Wells who fought for the right to vote' is her first book.

domain: literature


text:
I recently got a craving for fishcakes one evening while watching TV. I can easily binge on food shows, especially a good cooking competition. I’ve watched them all; Masterchef, GBBO, British best menu and even those on random tv channels. My recent new obsession is ‘Britains Best Home Cook’ with […]
An Anglo Italian food blogger based in London with an Italian food obsession. Join me on my journey and discover the best recipes, where to eat and buy the best Italian food and much much more.


Decisions on onshore wind sites will continue to be made at a local level as these are best made by local representatives who know their areas best and are democratically accountable to the local community.
Rishi Sunak, the UK prime minister, has bowed to pressure and will allow new onshore wind farms by committing to consult on how local communities can consent to fresh projects.
Planning permission would be dependent on demonstrating local support and “appropriately” addressing any impacts identified by the community under the proposals, the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities (DLUHC) said. The UK Government has pledged to ensure “strong environmental protections” remain in place.
Ministers will also seek views on developing partnerships with “supportive” communities, so those who wish to host new developments can see some benefit – such as through lower energy bills.
The move amounts to a U-turn on the PM’s opposition to building new turbines onshore, set out in his failed first bid for the Conservative leadership.
It is the second climbdown in the face of a mass revolt by Tory MPs so far this week, with the Government having already watered down local housebuilding targets to avoid the first major Commons rebellion of Mr Sunak’s premiership.
It follows a Tory backbench rebellion against the existing de-facto ban on new projects, joined by former prime ministers Liz Truss and Boris Johnson.
Both ex-premiers signed an amendment to the government’s Levelling Up Bill tabled by Simon Clarke, who served as a minister in each of their administrations, to allow the development of onshore wind.
Ms Truss moved to relax planning rules during her short tenure at No 10, but Mr Johnson did not seek to overturn the ban, which has been in place since 2015, when he was in office.
His energy security strategy did, however, raise the prospect of lowering energy bills or providing other benefits for a “limited number of supportive communities who wish to host new onshore wind infrastructure” – which is echoed in the government’s proposals.
Mr Clarke said he was “really pleased” to see a “sensible agreement” reached on the issue.
Calls to end the ban on new onshore wind farms have grown amid efforts to secure the UK’s energy independence as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has squeezed supplies.
Sir Keir Starmer has vowed that a Labour government would scrap the planning ban as part of its plan to make the UK a clean energy superpower.
Shadow levelling up secretary Lisa Nandy accused Mr Sunak and her ministerial counterpart Michael Gove of being “too weak” to stand up to the backbench rebellion, claiming they are “in office but not in power”.
She suggested the move was a “fudge” which leaves in place a “very restrictive system” on onshore wind.
Mike Childs, from Friends of the Earth, said the effective moratorium on new developments “should have been lifted years ago”.
In a statement, the DLUHC said: “The government commits to launching a technical consultation to explore how local authorities demonstrate local support and respond to views of their communities when considering onshore wind development in England.
“Decisions on onshore wind sites will continue to be made at a local level as these are best made by local representatives who know their areas best and are democratically accountable to the local community.
“To deliver a more localist approach, and its commitments in the British Energy Security Strategy, the government will consult on proposed changes to national planning policy. This follows positive engagement with MPs.
“Under the proposals, planning permission would be dependent on a project being able to demonstrate local support and appropriately address any impacts identified by the local community.
“Local authorities would also have to demonstrate their support for certain areas as being suitable for onshore wind, moving away from rigid requirements for sites to be designated in local plans.”
The technical consultation on changes to the National Planning Policy Framework will be launched by Christmas and concluded by the end of April 2023.
Amy Gibbons is the PA political correspondent.