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The greatest number of infections occurred among gay and bisexual youth. Marlboro, Newport, and Camel were the three most commonly identified as assault-related TBI deaths (four deaths involving maltreatment, one each in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2010, were not classified as assault-related). About 50,000 people are infected with HIV in 2010.
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आज मी माझ्या एका सहकारी दांपत्याची हकीकत तुम्हाला सांगणार आहे. अमोल आणि स्मिता, एका उच्च मध्यम वर्गीय कौटुंबिक आणि सांस्कृतिक पार्श्वभुमीतुन असलेले असे एक जोडपे. बीपीओ क्षेत्र चढत्या आलेखाने भारतात नोकरीच्या नवीन संधी देत होते. इजी मनी आणि तो ही फ्रेशर साठी भरपुर पैसा अशा दुहेरी आमिषाने आणि इतर क्षेत्रातील मंदीच्या वातावरणामुळे, लाखो तरुणांच्या प्रमाणे अमोल देखील बीपीओ मध्ये नोकरीस गेला. जॉब चांगला मिळाला. कॉलेजचे इतर मित्र, कुणी बिल्डरकडे, कुणी पर्यटन क्षेत्रात तर कुणी इंडस्ट्रीयल क्षेत्रामध्ये नोकरीस लागले. त्यांच्या आणि अमोलच्या पगारामध्ये जमीन आसमानाचा फरक होता. आयसींग ऑन द टॉप म्हणतात त्या प्रमाणे, दर महिन्याला इंसेंटिव्ह, रीवार्ड्स अमोल ला बीपीओ मध्ये अधिक मन लावुन काम करायला भाग पाडीत.
बीपीओ ची ही पाहीली आपण एक बाजु. जी बाजु आपण पाहीली ती खुपच चकाकी आणि झळाळी असलेली आहे. बीपीओ ला दुसरी सुध्दा एक बाजु आहे. पैसा, उंची कपडे, भारीतले मोबाईल्स याच्या मागे दडलेली दुसरी बाजु मात्र भयानक आहे. बीपीओ मध्ये काम करण्याच्या वेळा युरोप आणि अमेरिकेच्या दिवसाच्या कामाच्या वेळांप्रमाणे असतात. म्हणजे तिकडे अमेरिकेत सकाळी ऑफीसेस उघडली की इकडे रात्री भारतात बीपीओचे काम सुरु होत असते. म्हणजेच काय तर निशाचराचे काम. निशाचर म्हणजे वटवाघुळासारखा प्राणी. दिवसा झोपायचे आणि रात्री काम करायचे. म्हणजे निसर्गाच्या अगदी विरुध्दच की. काम आणि झोप निसर्गनियमांच्या विरुध्द झाल्यामुळे साहजिकच खाण्यापिण्याच्या सवयी देखील निसर्गनियमांच्या अगदी विपरीत.
कितीही काम करायचे म्हंटले तरी रात्रीची वेळ म्हंटल्यावर थोडाफार आळस कंटाळा येणारच. त्यावर उपाय म्हणुन ही मंडळी रात्री किमान दोन तीन वेळा तरी चहा पितात. सोबतच ऑफीस केबिन मधील पाश्चात्य पध्दतीचे जेवण. जेवण कसले आलेय ते! कधी पाव तर कधी मॅगी, कधी पॅटीस तर कधी बर्गर..एकुणच काय तर या क्षेत्रात काम करणा-या बहुतांश लोकांच्या आरोग्याची वाट लागते म्हणजे लागतेच.
अमोल तरी यातुन कसा वाचणार. नोकरीत केलेल्या कामाचा मोबदला पैसा आणि बढत्यांच्या रुपाने मिळत होताच. दोन वर्षांनंतर अमोल सीनीयर अनॅलिस्ट झाला होता. पण कॉलेजच्या दिवसात ६५ किलो वजन असलेला अमोल बीपीओ मध्ये गेल्यावर दोन वर्षांनी ९२ किलो वजनाचा झाला. याचे आणखी एक कारण ही आहे. या क्षेत्रात ( बीपीओ, आयटी आणि कॉर्पोरेट) काम खुर्चीवर बसुनच करायचे असते. एखाद्याने जरी ठरवले की उभे राहुन काम करायचे तरी त्याला तसे करता येत नाही. हल्ली अमेरिकेमध्ये ऑफीसेस मध्ये उभे राहुन कंप्युटर किंवा लॅपटॉप वर काम करता येईल इतक्या उंचीचे टेबल बनवुन ते ब-याच ऑफीसेस मध्ये वापरले देखील जात आहेत. अमोल देखील बसुन काम, कामांनंतर झोप, आणि पुन्हा बसुन काम ते ही निसर्गाच्या विरुध्द करुन हळुहळु (लक्षात आहे ना, वजन वाढण्याची प्रक्रिया अत्यंत सावकाश आणि छुप्या स्वरुपाची असते) ९२ किलो वजनापर्यंत पोहोचला.
वाढलेल्या वजनामुळे अमोल ला वयाच्या ३४ व्या वर्षीच उच्च रक्त दाब, खुपच जास्त आम्लपित्त इत्यादी त्रास जाणवु लागले. डॉक्टरांनी एकच सल्ला दिला व तो म्हणजे वजन कमी कर.
अमोलची पत्नी स्मिता देखील बीपीओ मध्येच काम करायची. आणि तिची हकीकत यापेक्षा वेगळी नाही. लग्नानंतर दोन मुलांचा जन्म, प्रेगंसी मुळे वाढलेले वजन, आणि पुन्हा बीपीओ जॉब. या सर्वांमुळे स्मिता देखील प्रचंड तणाव आणि धकाधकीचे जीवन जगत होती.
तिचे ही वजन वाढल्याचे तिला जाणवत होतेच.दोघांच्या आरोग्याच्या तक्रारी सारख्याच होत्या. व कारणे देखील बहुतांश सारखीच होती.
दोघांनी मिळुन जवळ जवळ दोन वर्षे विविध पध्दतीने (इंटरनेट, व्हॉट्सॲप फेसबुक वरील तसेच व्यायाम, जिम इत्यादी) वजन कमी करण्याचा प्रयत्न केला. पण म्हणावे असे यश येत नव्हते. जिम ला जाणे बंद झाले की पुन्हा आठवड्याभरामध्ये वजन पहिल्यासारखेच.
मी देखील त्याच कालवधीमध्ये माझे वजन १३ किलो ने कमी करुन, २१ किमी मॅरेथॉन पळालो होतो. माझ्या कडुन मार्गदर्शन घेऊन बापुसाहेब पोतदारांनी (Bapu’s Services) देखील नुकतेच त्यांचे वजन कमी केले होते. बापु आणि अमोल एकमेकांच्या नात्यातील. असेच एके वेळी गप्पा मारता मारता , अमोल आणि स्मिता ला माझ्या विषयी बापुंकडुन समजले.
दोघेही जोडीने मला भेटायला आले. माझ्या पध्दतीप्रमाणे आधी अनॅलिसिस वगेरे करुन अमोल आणि स्मिताचा वजन कमी करण्याचा प्रोग्राम सुरु झाला. अमोल ने ५ महिन्यांमध्ये २२ किलो वजन कमी केले. तर स्मिता ने ८ किलो वजन कमी केले.
पाच महिन्यांमध्ये आंतर्बाह्य बदल करीत दोघांनी आश्चर्यकारक असे परिणाम मिळवले होते. ऑफीस, नातेवाईक, मित्र मंडळी, शेजारी पाजारी अगदी अवाक होऊन त्यांच्या कडे पहायचे. ब-याच लोकांनी अमोल ला विचारले की तुम्ही वजन कसे कमी केले? आम्हाला सुध्दा मदत करा?
मग अमोल ने हे अशा चौकश्यांविषयी मला सांगितले. व सल्ला विचारला. मी मग अमोल व स्मिताला पुर्ण ट्रेनिंग देऊन, त्यांना त्यांचा स्वतःचा क्लब सुरु करण्यास प्रोत्साहन दिले. मी फक्त निमित्त मात्र आहे. मुळातच मेहनती आणि चिकाटी वृत्तीचा अमोल आणि स्मिता, ने गेली दोन वर्षे अशक्य ते शक्य करुन दाखवले आहे. सद्यस्थितीला दोघे एकत्र काम करतात, ते ही दिवसातुन फक्त ४ च तास आणि महिना दिड लाखाच्या घरात उत्पन्न कमावितात. बीपीओ क्षेत्र कधीच सुटले.
कधी कधी अनौपचारीक गप्पा मारताना अमोल आणि स्मिता सांगतात की हा नव्याने निवडलेला व्यवसाय म्हणजे एका अर्थाने समाजाची सेवाच आहे. या व्यवसायात मी, अमोल, स्मिता , आम्ही लोकांच्या जीवनशैली मध्ये आमुलाग्र बदल करतो. अनेकाच्या आयुष्यात सकारात्मक बदल घडण्यामध्ये आमचा खारीचा वाटा असतो, याचे समाधान, अमोल आणि स्मिता ला महिन्याला मिळणा-या लाखो रुपयांपेक्षा जास्त मुल्यवान आहे.

domain: medical


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With drug overdoses becoming the leading cause of death among Americans under the age of 50, the misuse of prescription opioids has reached alarming levels. Last year an estimated 50,000 Americans died from opioid-related overdoses, and a recent study by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration disclosed two million Americans have developed various medical disorders from abusing prescription medications.
The most abused opioids include painkillers of the kind frequently prescribed following workplace injuries, such as oxycodone, morphine, hydrocodone and fentanyl, which are found in hundreds of thousands of household medicine cabinets across the country.
Opioids interact with certain nerve receptors in the brain to create pleasurable feelings and relieve pain—and they come with high risk for dependency. The disastrous effects of opioid abuse can unfortunately extend to the workplace. What role can employers play to combat this epidemic?
Workplace Effects Of Opioids
Regardless of how an employee’s opioid abuse may begin, these drugs can have dramatic effects on work performance. Opioid dependency may lead to drowsiness, impaired judgment, anxiety and depression. Dependent or addicted employees may find it difficult to meet attendance or performance requirements and may also pose safety threats to themselves and others. In addition, the opioid-dependent employee’s preoccupation with obtaining his or her drug of choice could lead to criminal behavior such as theft.
Four Important Lessons For Employers
Without a doubt, now is the time to rethink your drug testing and counseling programs to keep your employees and workplace safe. A focus on education, prevention and counseling may help reduce the impact of opioid use on your workplace. When executing a plan to deal with this issue, consider these four components:
Although opioid use continues to increase at a disturbing rate, many employers have not effectively addressed this concern in the workplace. While there is no perfect approach or plan, working with legal counsel to take proactive steps and avoid risks to your employees is a good place to start.
Michael V. Abcarian is the managing partner of the Dallas office of Fisher Phillips, a national labor and employment law firm. For over 30 years he has represented Fortune 500 corporations, units of local government, and local business interests in labor and employment matters. He has handled hundreds of lawsuits in federal and state courts with an exceptional success record, including lead counsel defense of complex litigation and nationwide class actions. He can be contacted at email@example.com
Are you interested in being a #CEO? Join us for a two-day seminar in February on how to achieve—and excel in—the #CEO role. Early bird pricing is in effect, so register today! eventbrite.com/e/aspiring-ceo…

domain: law


Singapore still leads the world with smart tech
The Wall Street Journal has quite rightly highlighted Singapore's interest in staying ahead with smart technology. Data has now been fed into an online platform 'Virtual Singapore' it records, that allows the government in Singapore to predict how an infectious disease might spread or how crowds could react to an explosion in a shopping mall.
There are now plans to share data with the private sector in an attempt to encourage innovation. The market for smart-city technology in Asia is predicted to reach 1 trillion dollars a year by 2025.
The National Research Foundation in Singapore has already published a 2D online map of the country allowing the public to see TV footage of anything from flooding levels to free spaces in car parks. Its 'digital crystal ball', a super-powered version of Google Maps can assess the dimensions of buildings and materials used. It might also be used to see how skyscrapers affect wind flow patterns or telecommunications signals.
Meanwhile in Europe the uptake of smart tech may have been affected by the medieval structure of some cities while in addition it has been reported that legislation can also slow progress in adopting new technologies. Watch Silver Spring Networks' European Commercial Director of Smart Cities and Lighting, Brian McGuigan in his presentation at our recent forum at IET, London, talk about cultural attitudes to smart tech.


The second all-online WWDC kicks off Monday, June 10, running until Friday, June 11. The keynote starts at 10 AM PDT and gives fans and developers alike important and exciting information on the features coming to our favorite devices.
iOS 15, iPadOS and macOS Updates
Come Monday, Apple will offer us the first proper look at iOS and iPadOS 15. Developers should be able to get their hands on beta versions pretty soon after the address too. MacRumors has been keeping track of the rumor mill, and it seems likely we will get new privacy features that go beyond App Tracking Transparency. For instance, there could be a menu telling the user which apps are collecting data. Lock Screen and notifications are also expected to be updated and there will be the ability to set a status that will let users send different automatic replies. Messages itself is likely to get an upgrade too. You’re probably going to need an iPhone 7 or later to access iOS 15 though.
Apple is also reportedly planning to introduce a new Home Screen to the iPad to bring it more in line with the iPhone. As part of this shift, users will be able to place Widgets wherever they want on the Home Screen. Furthermore, Robert Scoble has an interesting take on the new “3D Apple” that we could start to see.
macOS – Evolution Not Revolution
As the introduction of macOS Big Sur was such a big deal I find it hard to imagine that there will be a similar overhaul announced next week. Indeed, it was so major that we got a whole new name – macOS 11 instead of X. I suspect the naming convention has now changed for the foreseeable and whatever is revealed next week will be macOS 12, bringing macOS names in line with the other operating systems
The centrality of health to the Apple Watch, something of personal interest to CEO Tim Cook, will be underlined in watchOS 8. The main thing I’d like to see is an increase in functionality independent of iPhone, building on what Fitness+ and ‘Time to Walk’ have started.
Next-Gen Apple Silicon
One of the highlights of WWDC 2020 was Mr. Cook announcing Apple silicon – what became the M1 chip. Surely we will hear more about the next generation of Apple silicon, whether it be the M1X or the full next-gen M2 chip, this time around.
Obviously, WWDC is a developer event, but the keynote is watched by people outside of the developer community, but on this week’s Media+, Chuck Joiner and I discussed what part, if any, Apple’s growing media offering will play in the keynote. We will certainly not get a repetition of the ‘up front’ style event that happened when TV+ first launched, with star after star adorning the sage. However, I don’t think that media services will be forgotten entirely either. At the very least I’m expecting to see some trailers for the next seasons of Ted Lasso and The Morning Show. While I don’t think it will be extensive, the amount of time Apple dedicates to the likes of TV+ and even podcasts, both its original content and the platform, will give us some indication of the part media plays in the 2021 version of Apple.


“adly, we all still live in a world filled with PowerPoint presentations. But the popular tool Prezi has just unveiled some new information that may change that soon.
Prezi, a free interactive presentation creation tool, has just added a couple new features that will be really fun for teachers to try out when they head back to class. Prezi also announced some other fun news that’s worth knowing about. It’s all wrapped up in nice, easy-to-digest bits below…”
See on edudemic.com


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The Other Side Of The Screen Game Free Download Pc Game highly compressed setup in the single direct link for Windows. It is an impressive Action, Indie video game.
The Other Side Of The Screen Game Overview
The Other Side Of The Screen Game is Action, Indie video game for Xbox 360 Microsoft Windows, MacOS, Pocket Pc. This game developed and published by VaNyuHa. This game was Release On 28 May 2018. This Post specially made for computer download, go to footer download link and Download to your Pc. We provide The Other Side Of The Screen Game with an account of Google Drive without ads, direct link, and fully compressed game.
Actions take place in the distant year of 2072. Future technologies let rich people forget about gaming consoles, which allows to fully integrate a human, both physically and mentally* into the virtual world!
The game has 5 main characters that participate in a deadly show called “The Other Side of the Screen”. Each player has to find a way out of his location. The levels and their difficulty are completely different. You are given an opportunity to play for any of the mentioned characters. If you want to open a secret ending, you will have to complete the game with each and every one of them! One player gets only one life. There are no “save” buttons in the game, so you’ll have to be very cautious and attentive to survive.
Features of The Other Side Of The Screen:
- Choice of characters
- A wide variety of level themes for every taste
- High-quality soundtrack
- Professional voiceovers
Minimum System Requirements For The Other Side Of The Screen :
- Tested on Windows 7 64-Bit
- Operating System: Windows Vista/7/8/8.1/10
- CPU: Dual-core 2 GHz or similar
- RAM: 2GB
- Setup Size: 981.1MB
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The Other Side Of The Screen Pc Game Free Download

domain: game


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Stay Tuned for Dance & Entertainment Programs
Dance Unlimited Inc has been in the industry for over 43 years, and we have organized several events to show the great talents on the stage. Our dance events are open to children and adults. We also let the parents get involved with their kids to feel more confident.
Stay tuned with us for updates on upcoming event dates and times.

domain: artistic


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Measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere, in both managed and unmanaged ecosystems, is critical to understanding the biogeochemical drivers of climate change and to the development and evaluation of GHG mitigation strategies based on modulation of landscape management practices. The static chamber-based method described here is based on trapping gases emitted from the soil surface within a chamber and collecting samples from the chamber headspace at regular intervals for analysis by gas chromatography. Change in gas concentration over time is used to calculate flux. This method can be utilized to measure landscape-based flux of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, and to estimate differences between treatments or explore system dynamics over seasons or years. Infrastructure requirements are modest, but a comprehensive experimental design is essential. This method is easily deployed in the field, conforms to established guidelines, and produces data suitable to large-scale GHG emissions studies.
18 Related JoVE Articles!
Determination of Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Waters, Soils, and Sediments using High Throughput Microplate Assays
Institutions: The University of Mississippi.
Much of the nutrient cycling and carbon processing in natural environments occurs through the activity of extracellular enzymes released by microorganisms. Thus, measurement of the activity of these extracellular enzymes can give insights into the rates of ecosystem level processes, such as organic matter decomposition or nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization. Assays of extracellular enzyme activity in environmental samples typically involve exposing the samples to artificial colorimetric or fluorometric substrates and tracking the rate of substrate hydrolysis. Here we describe microplate based methods for these procedures that allow the analysis of large numbers of samples within a short time frame. Samples are allowed to react with artificial substrates within 96-well microplates or deep well microplate blocks, and enzyme activity is subsequently determined by absorption or fluorescence of the resulting end product using a typical microplate reader or fluorometer. Such high throughput procedures not only facilitate comparisons between spatially separate sites or ecosystems, but also substantially reduce the cost of such assays by reducing overall reagent volumes needed per sample.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 80, Environmental Monitoring, Ecological and Environmental Processes, Environmental Microbiology, Ecology, extracellular enzymes, freshwater microbiology, soil microbiology, microbial activity, enzyme activity
Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility
Institutions: Texas A&M University, The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company.
As the urban population increases, so does the area of irrigated urban landscape. Summer water use in urban areas can be 2-3x winter base line water use due to increased demand for landscape irrigation. Improper irrigation practices and large rainfall events can result in runoff from urban landscapes which has potential to carry nutrients and sediments into local streams and lakes where they may contribute to eutrophication. A 1,000 m2
facility was constructed which consists of 24 individual 33.6 m2
field plots, each equipped for measuring total runoff volumes with time and collection of runoff subsamples at selected intervals for quantification of chemical constituents in the runoff water from simulated urban landscapes. Runoff volumes from the first and second trials had coefficient of variability (CV) values of 38.2 and 28.7%, respectively. CV values for runoff pH, EC, and Na concentration for both trials were all under 10%. Concentrations of DOC, TDN, DON, PO4
, and Ca2+
had CV values less than 50% in both trials. Overall, the results of testing performed after sod installation at the facility indicated good uniformity between plots for runoff volumes and chemical constituents. The large plot size is sufficient to include much of the natural variability and therefore provides better simulation of urban landscape ecosystems.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 90, urban runoff, landscapes, home lawns, turfgrass, St. Augustinegrass, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium
Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production
Institutions: Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering.
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant yet underutilized renewable energy resources. Both anaerobic digestion (AD) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are promising technologies for bioenergy production from biomass in terms of biogas and HTC biochar, respectively. In this study, the combination of AD and HTC is proposed to increase overall bioenergy production. Wheat straw was anaerobically digested in a novel upflow anaerobic solid state reactor (UASS) in both mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. Wet digested from thermophilic AD was hydrothermally carbonized at 230 °C for 6 hr for HTC biochar production. At thermophilic temperature, the UASS system yields an average of 165 LCH4
(VS: volatile solids) and 121 L CH4
at mesophilic AD over the continuous operation of 200 days. Meanwhile, 43.4 g of HTC biochar with 29.6 MJ/kgdry_biochar
was obtained from HTC of 1 kg digestate (dry basis) from mesophilic AD. The combination of AD and HTC, in this particular set of experiment yield 13.2 MJ of energy per 1 kg of dry wheat straw, which is at least 20% higher than HTC alone and 60.2% higher than AD only.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 88, Biomethane, Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC), Calorific Value, Lignocellulosic Biomass, UASS, Anaerobic Digestion
Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation
Institutions: North Carolina State University, North Carolina State University.
Potentially toxic chemicals are routinely applied to land to meet growing demands on waste management and food production, but the fate of these chemicals is often not well understood. Here we demonstrate an integrated field lysimetry and porewater sampling method for evaluating the mobility of chemicals applied to soils and established vegetation. Lysimeters, open columns made of metal or plastic, are driven into bareground or vegetated soils. Porewater samplers, which are commercially available and use vacuum to collect percolating soil water, are installed at predetermined depths within the lysimeters. At prearranged times following chemical application to experimental plots, porewater is collected, and lysimeters, containing soil and vegetation, are exhumed. By analyzing chemical concentrations in the lysimeter soil, vegetation, and porewater, downward leaching rates, soil retention capacities, and plant uptake for the chemical of interest may be quantified. Because field lysimetry and porewater sampling are conducted under natural environmental conditions and with minimal soil disturbance, derived results project real-case scenarios and provide valuable information for chemical management. As chemicals are increasingly applied to land worldwide, the described techniques may be utilized to determine whether applied chemicals pose adverse effects to human health or the environment.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 89,
Lysimetry, porewater, soil, chemical leaching, pesticides, turfgrass, waste
Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential
Institutions: Miami University .
Lake Bonney is one of numerous permanently ice-covered lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. The perennial ice cover maintains a chemically stratified water column and unlike other inland bodies of water, largely prevents external input of carbon and nutrients from streams. Biota are exposed to numerous environmental stresses, including year-round severe nutrient deficiency, low temperatures, extreme shade, hypersalinity, and 24-hour darkness during the winter 1
. These extreme environmental conditions limit the biota in Lake Bonney almost exclusively to microorganisms 2
Single-celled microbial eukaryotes (called "protists") are important players in global biogeochemical cycling 3
and play important ecological roles in the cycling of carbon in the dry valley lakes, occupying both primary and tertiary roles in the aquatic food web. In the dry valley aquatic food web, protists that fix inorganic carbon (autotrophy) are the major producers of organic carbon for organotrophic organisms 4, 2
. Phagotrophic or heterotrophic protists capable of ingesting bacteria and smaller protists act as the top predators in the food web 5
. Last, an unknown proportion of the protist population is capable of combined mixotrophic metabolism 6, 7
. Mixotrophy in protists involves the ability to combine photosynthetic capability with phagotrophic ingestion of prey microorganisms. This form of mixotrophy differs from mixotrophic metabolism in bacterial species, which generally involves uptake dissolved carbon molecules. There are currently very few protist isolates from permanently ice-capped polar lakes, and studies of protist diversity and ecology in this extreme environment have been limited 8, 4, 9, 10, 5
. A better understanding of protist metabolic versatility in the simple dry valley lake food web will aid in the development of models for the role of protists in the global carbon cycle.
We employed an enrichment culture approach to isolate potentially phototrophic and mixotrophic protists from Lake Bonney. Sampling depths in the water column were chosen based on the location of primary production maxima and protist phylogenetic diversity 4, 11
, as well as variability in major abiotic factors affecting protist trophic modes: shallow sampling depths are limited for major nutrients, while deeper sampling depths are limited by light availability. In addition, lake water samples were supplemented with multiple types of growth media to promote the growth of a variety of phototrophic organisms.
RubisCO catalyzes the rate limiting step in the Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle, the major pathway by which autotrophic organisms fix inorganic carbon and provide organic carbon for higher trophic levels in aquatic and terrestrial food webs 12
. In this study, we applied a radioisotope assay modified for filtered samples 13
to monitor maximum carboxylase activity as a proxy for carbon fixation potential and metabolic versatility in the Lake Bonney enrichment cultures.
Microbiology, Issue 62, Antarctic lake, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Enrichment cultivation, Microbial eukaryotes, RubisCO
Estimating Virus Production Rates in Aquatic Systems
Institutions: University of Tennessee.
Viruses are pervasive components of marine and freshwater systems, and are known to be significant agents of microbial mortality. Developing quantitative estimates of this process is critical as we can then develop better models of microbial community structure and function as well as advance our understanding of how viruses work to alter aquatic biogeochemical cycles. The virus reduction technique allows researchers to estimate the rate at which virus particles are released from the endemic microbial community. In brief, the abundance of free (extracellular) viruses is reduced in a sample while the microbial community is maintained at near ambient concentration. The microbial community is then incubated in the absence of free viruses and the rate at which viruses reoccur in the sample (through the lysis of already infected members of the community) can be quantified by epifluorescence microscopy or, in the case of specific viruses, quantitative PCR. These rates can then be used to estimate the rate of microbial mortality due to virus-mediated cell lysis.
Infectious Diseases, Issue 43, Viruses, seawater, lakes, viral lysis, marine microbiology, freshwater microbiology, epifluorescence microscopy
Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
Institutions: Yale University, Virginia Tech, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
The quantity and quality of detritus entering the soil determines the rate of decomposition by microbial communities as well as recycle rates of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) sequestration1,2
. Plant litter comprises the majority of detritus3
, and so it is assumed that decomposition is only marginally influenced by biomass inputs from animals such as herbivores and carnivores4,5
. However, carnivores may influence microbial decomposition of plant litter via a chain of interactions in which predation risk alters the physiology of their herbivore prey that in turn alters soil microbial functioning when the herbivore carcasses are decomposed6
. A physiological stress response by herbivores to the risk of predation can change the C:N elemental composition of herbivore biomass7,8,9
because stress from predation risk increases herbivore basal energy demands that in nutrient-limited systems forces herbivores to shift their consumption from N-rich resources to support growth and reproduction to C-rich carbohydrate resources to support heightened metabolism6
. Herbivores have limited ability to store excess nutrients, so stressed herbivores excrete N as they increase carbohydrate-C consumption7
. Ultimately, prey stressed by predation risk increase their body C:N ratio7,10
, making them poorer quality resources for the soil microbial pool likely due to lower availability of labile N for microbial enzyme production6
. Thus, decomposition of carcasses of stressed herbivores has a priming effect on the functioning of microbial communities that decreases subsequent ability to of microbes to decompose plant litter6,10,11
We present the methodology to evaluate linkages between predation risk and litter decomposition by soil microbes. We describe how to: induce stress in herbivores from predation risk; measure those stress responses, and measure the consequences on microbial decomposition. We use insights from a model grassland ecosystem comprising the hunting spider predator (Pisuarina mira
), a dominant grasshopper herbivore (Melanoplus femurrubrum
),and a variety of grass and forb plants9
Environmental Sciences, Issue 73, Microbiology, Plant Biology, Entomology, Organisms, Investigative Techniques, Biological Phenomena, Chemical Phenomena, Metabolic Phenomena, Microbiological Phenomena, Earth Resources and Remote Sensing, Life Sciences (General), Litter Decomposition, Ecological Stoichiometry, Physiological Stress and Ecosystem Function, Predation Risk, Soil Respiration, Carbon Sequestration, Soil Science, respiration, spider, grasshoper, model system
High-throughput Fluorometric Measurement of Potential Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities
Institutions: Colorado State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Colorado.
Microbes in soils and other environments produce extracellular enzymes to depolymerize and hydrolyze organic macromolecules so that they can be assimilated for energy and nutrients. Measuring soil microbial enzyme activity is crucial in understanding soil ecosystem functional dynamics. The general concept of the fluorescence enzyme assay is that synthetic C-, N-, or P-rich substrates bound with a fluorescent dye are added to soil samples. When intact, the labeled substrates do not fluoresce. Enzyme activity is measured as the increase in fluorescence as the fluorescent dyes are cleaved from their substrates, which allows them to fluoresce. Enzyme measurements can be expressed in units of molarity or activity. To perform this assay, soil slurries are prepared by combining soil with a pH buffer. The pH buffer (typically a 50 mM sodium acetate or 50 mM Tris buffer), is chosen for the buffer's particular acid dissociation constant (pKa) to best match the soil sample pH. The soil slurries are inoculated with a nonlimiting amount of fluorescently labeled (i.e.
C-, N-, or P-rich) substrate. Using soil slurries in the assay serves to minimize limitations on enzyme and substrate diffusion. Therefore, this assay controls for differences in substrate limitation, diffusion rates, and soil pH conditions; thus detecting potential enzyme activity rates as a function of the difference in enzyme concentrations (per sample).
Fluorescence enzyme assays are typically more sensitive than spectrophotometric (i.e.
colorimetric) assays, but can suffer from interference caused by impurities and the instability of many fluorescent compounds when exposed to light; so caution is required when handling fluorescent substrates. Likewise, this method only assesses potential enzyme activities under laboratory conditions when substrates are not limiting. Caution should be used when interpreting the data representing cross-site comparisons with differing temperatures or soil types, as in situ
soil type and temperature can influence enzyme kinetics.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 81, Ecological and Environmental Phenomena, Environment, Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology, Soil Microbiology, Ecology, Eukaryota, Archaea, Bacteria, Soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs), fluorometric enzyme assays, substrate degradation, 4-methylumbelliferone (MUB), 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (MUC), enzyme temperature kinetics, soil
Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
Institutions: Royal Military College of Canada, Queen's University.
The physical and chemical properties of biochar vary based on feedstock sources and production conditions, making it possible to engineer biochars with specific functions (e.g.
carbon sequestration, soil quality improvements, or contaminant sorption). In 2013, the International Biochar Initiative (IBI) made publically available their Standardized Product Definition and Product Testing Guidelines (Version 1.1) which set standards for physical and chemical characteristics for biochar. Six biochars made from three different feedstocks and at two temperatures were analyzed for characteristics related to their use as a soil amendment. The protocol describes analyses of the feedstocks and biochars and includes: cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA), organic carbon (OC) and moisture percentage, pH, particle size distribution, and proximate and ultimate analysis. Also described in the protocol are the analyses of the feedstocks and biochars for contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals and mercury as well as nutrients (phosphorous, nitrite and nitrate and ammonium as nitrogen). The protocol also includes the biological testing procedures, earthworm avoidance and germination assays. Based on the quality assurance / quality control (QA/QC) results of blanks, duplicates, standards and reference materials, all methods were determined adequate for use with biochar and feedstock materials. All biochars and feedstocks were well within the criterion set by the IBI and there were little differences among biochars, except in the case of the biochar produced from construction waste materials. This biochar (referred to as Old biochar) was determined to have elevated levels of arsenic, chromium, copper, and lead, and failed the earthworm avoidance and germination assays. Based on these results, Old biochar would not be appropriate for use as a soil amendment for carbon sequestration, substrate quality improvements or remediation.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 93, biochar, characterization, carbon sequestration, remediation, International Biochar Initiative (IBI), soil amendment
Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading
Institutions: Grand Valley State University.
Eutrophication is a water quality issue in lakes worldwide, and there is a critical need to identify and control nutrient sources. Internal phosphorus (P) loading from lake sediments can account for a substantial portion of the total P load in eutrophic, and some mesotrophic, lakes. Laboratory determination of P release rates from sediment cores is one approach for determining the role of internal P loading and guiding management decisions. Two principal alternatives to experimental determination of sediment P release exist for estimating internal load: in situ
measurements of changes in hypolimnetic P over time and P mass balance. The experimental approach using laboratory-based sediment incubations to quantify internal P load is a direct method, making it a valuable tool for lake management and restoration.
Laboratory incubations of sediment cores can help determine the relative importance of internal vs. external P loads, as well as be used to answer a variety of lake management and research questions. We illustrate the use of sediment core incubations to assess the effectiveness of an aluminum sulfate (alum) treatment for reducing sediment P release. Other research questions that can be investigated using this approach include the effects of sediment resuspension and bioturbation on P release.
The approach also has limitations. Assumptions must be made with respect to: extrapolating results from sediment cores to the entire lake; deciding over what time periods to measure nutrient release; and addressing possible core tube artifacts. A comprehensive dissolved oxygen monitoring strategy to assess temporal and spatial redox status in the lake provides greater confidence in annual P loads estimated from sediment core incubations.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 85, Limnology, internal loading, eutrophication, nutrient flux, sediment coring, phosphorus, lakes
Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology
Institutions: San Diego State University, University of California San Diego.
Here we introduce a series of thoroughly tested and well standardized research protocols adapted for use in remote marine environments. The sampling protocols include the assessment of resources available to the microbial community (dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic matter, inorganic nutrients), and a comprehensive description of the viral and bacterial communities (via direct viral and microbial counts, enumeration of autofluorescent microbes, and construction of viral and microbial metagenomes). We use a combination of methods, which represent a dispersed field of scientific disciplines comprising already established protocols and some of the most recent techniques developed. Especially metagenomic sequencing techniques used for viral and bacterial community characterization, have been established only in recent years, and are thus still subjected to constant improvement. This has led to a variety of sampling and sample processing procedures currently in use. The set of methods presented here provides an up to date approach to collect and process environmental samples. Parameters addressed with these protocols yield the minimum on information essential to characterize and understand the underlying mechanisms of viral and microbial community dynamics. It gives easy to follow guidelines to conduct comprehensive surveys and discusses critical steps and potential caveats pertinent to each technique.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 93, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic matter, nutrients, DAPI, SYBR, microbial metagenomics, viral metagenomics, marine environment
A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments
Institutions: Delft University of Technology, Delft University of Technology.
This work puts forward a toolkit that enables the conversion of alkanes by Escherichia coli
and presents a proof of principle of its applicability. The toolkit consists of multiple standard interchangeable parts (BioBricks)9
addressing the conversion of alkanes, regulation of gene expression and survival in toxic hydrocarbon-rich environments.
A three-step pathway for alkane degradation was implemented in E. coli
to enable the conversion of medium- and long-chain alkanes to their respective alkanols, alkanals and ultimately alkanoic-acids. The latter were metabolized via the native β-oxidation pathway. To facilitate the oxidation of medium-chain alkanes (C5-C13) and cycloalkanes (C5-C8), four genes (alkB2
) of the alkane hydroxylase system from Gordonia
were transformed into E. coli
. For the conversion of long-chain alkanes (C15-C36), theladA
gene from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans
was implemented. For the required further steps of the degradation process, ADH
and ALDH (
originating from G. thermodenitrificans
) were introduced10,11
. The activity was measured by resting cell assays. For each oxidative step, enzyme activity was observed.
To optimize the process efficiency, the expression was only induced under low glucose conditions: a substrate-regulated promoter, pCaiF, was used. pCaiF is present in E. coli
K12 and regulates the expression of the genes involved in the degradation of non-glucose carbon sources.
The last part of the toolkit - targeting survival - was implemented using solvent tolerance genes, PhPFDα and β, both from Pyrococcus horikoshii
OT3. Organic solvents can induce cell stress and decreased survivability by negatively affecting protein folding. As chaperones, PhPFDα and β improve the protein folding process e.g.
under the presence of alkanes. The expression of these genes led to an improved hydrocarbon tolerance shown by an increased growth rate (up to 50%) in the presences of 10% n
-hexane in the culture medium were observed.
Summarizing, the results indicate that the toolkit enables E. coli
to convert and tolerate hydrocarbons in aqueous environments. As such, it represents an initial step towards a sustainable solution for oil-remediation using a synthetic biology approach.
Bioengineering, Issue 68, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Oil remediation, alkane metabolism, alkane hydroxylase system, resting cell assay, prefoldin, Escherichia coli, synthetic biology, homologous interaction mapping, mathematical model, BioBrick, iGEM
Monitoring Intraspecies Competition in a Bacterial Cell Population by Cocultivation of Fluorescently Labelled Strains
Institutions: Georg-August University.
Many microorganisms such as bacteria proliferate extremely fast and the populations may reach high cell densities. Small fractions of cells in a population always have accumulated mutations that are either detrimental or beneficial for the cell. If the fitness effect of a mutation provides the subpopulation with a strong selective growth advantage, the individuals of this subpopulation may rapidly outcompete and even completely eliminate their immediate fellows. Thus, small genetic changes and selection-driven accumulation of cells that have acquired beneficial mutations may lead to a complete shift of the genotype of a cell population. Here we present a procedure to monitor the rapid clonal expansion and elimination of beneficial and detrimental mutations, respectively, in a bacterial cell population over time by cocultivation of fluorescently labeled individuals of the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis
. The method is easy to perform and very illustrative to display intraspecies competition among the individuals in a bacterial cell population.
Cellular Biology, Issue 83, Bacillus subtilis, evolution, adaptation, selective pressure, beneficial mutation, intraspecies competition, fluorophore-labelling, Fluorescence Microscopy
Design and Operation of a Continuous 13C and 15N Labeling Chamber for Uniform or Differential, Metabolic and Structural, Plant Isotope Labeling
Institutions: Colorado State University, USDA-ARS, Colorado State University.
Tracing rare stable isotopes from plant material through the ecosystem provides the most sensitive information about ecosystem processes; from CO2
fluxes and soil organic matter formation to small-scale stable-isotope biomarker probing. Coupling multiple stable isotopes such as 13
C with 15
O or 2
H has the potential to reveal even more information about complex stoichiometric relationships during biogeochemical transformations. Isotope labeled plant material has been used in various studies of litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation1-4
. From these and other studies, however, it has become apparent that structural components of plant material behave differently than metabolic components (i.e
. leachable low molecular weight compounds) in terms of microbial utilization and long-term carbon storage5-7
. The ability to study structural and metabolic components separately provides a powerful new tool for advancing the forefront of ecosystem biogeochemical studies. Here we describe a method for producing 13
C and 15
N labeled plant material that is either uniformly labeled throughout the plant or differentially labeled in structural and metabolic plant components.
Here, we present the construction and operation of a continuous 13
C and 15
N labeling chamber that can be modified to meet various research needs. Uniformly labeled plant material is produced by continuous labeling from seedling to harvest, while differential labeling is achieved by removing the growing plants from the chamber weeks prior to harvest. Representative results from growing Andropogon gerardii
Kaw demonstrate the system's ability to efficiently label plant material at the targeted levels. Through this method we have produced plant material with a 4.4 atom%13
C and 6.7 atom%15
N uniform plant label, or material that is differentially labeled by up to 1.29 atom%13
C and 0.56 atom%15
N in its metabolic and structural components (hot water extractable and hot water residual components, respectively). Challenges lie in maintaining proper temperature, humidity, CO2
concentration, and light levels in an airtight 13
atmosphere for successful plant production. This chamber description represents a useful research tool to effectively produce uniformly or differentially multi-isotope labeled plant material for use in experiments on ecosystem biogeochemical cycling.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 83, 13C, 15N, plant, stable isotope labeling, Andropogon gerardii, metabolic compounds, structural compounds, hot water extraction
Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals
Institutions: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
An integrated suite of imaging techniques has been applied to determine the three-dimensional (3D) morphology and cellular structure of polyp tissues comprising the Caribbean reef building corals Montastraeaannularis
and M. faveolata
. These approaches include fluorescence microscopy (FM), serial block face imaging (SBFI), and two-photon confocal laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). SBFI provides deep tissue imaging after physical sectioning; it details the tissue surface texture and 3D visualization to tissue depths of more than 2 mm. Complementary FM and TPLSM yield ultra-high resolution images of tissue cellular structure. Results have: (1) identified previously unreported lobate tissue morphologies on the outer wall of individual coral polyps and (2) created the first surface maps of the 3D distribution and tissue density of chromatophores and algae-like dinoflagellate zooxanthellae
endosymbionts. Spectral absorption peaks of 500 nm and 675 nm, respectively, suggest that M. annularis
and M. faveolata
contain similar types of chlorophyll and chromatophores. However, M. annularis
and M. faveolata
exhibit significant differences in the tissue density and 3D distribution of these key cellular components. This study focusing on imaging methods indicates that SBFI is extremely useful for analysis of large mm-scale samples of decalcified coral tissues. Complimentary FM and TPLSM reveal subtle submillimeter scale changes in cellular distribution and density in nondecalcified coral tissue samples. The TPLSM technique affords: (1) minimally invasive sample preparation, (2) superior optical sectioning ability, and (3) minimal light absorption and scattering, while still permitting deep tissue imaging.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 91, Serial block face imaging, two-photon fluorescence microscopy, Montastraea annularis, Montastraea faveolata, 3D coral tissue morphology and structure, zooxanthellae, chromatophore, autofluorescence, light harvesting optimization, environmental change
Seawater Sampling and Collection
Institutions: University of British Columbia - UBC.
This video documents methods for collecting coastal marine water samples and processing them for various downstream applications including biomass concentration, nucleic acid purification, cell abundance, nutrient and trace gas analyses. For today's demonstration samples were collected from the deck of the HMS John Strickland operating in Saanich Inlet. An A-frame derrick, with a multi-purpose winch and cable system, is used in combination with Niskin or Go-Flo water sampling bottles. Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) sensors are also used to sample the underlying water mass. To minimize outgassing, trace gas samples are collected first. Then, nutrients, water chemistry, and cell counts are determined. Finally, waters are collected for biomass filtration. The set-up and collection time for a single cast is ~1.5 hours at a maximum depth of 215 meters. Therefore, a total of 6 hours is generally needed to complete the collection series described here.
Molecular Biology, Issue 28, microbial biomass, nucleic acids, nutrients, trace gas, ammonia, sulfide, seawater, fjord, hypoxic, Saanich Inlet
Fabrication of Amperometric Electrodes
Institutions: Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
Carbon fiber electrodes are crucial for the detection of catecholamine release from vesicles in single cells for amperometry measurements. Here, we describe the techniques needed to generate low noise (<0.5 pA) electrodes. The techniques have been modified from published descriptions by previous researchers (1,2). Electrodes are made by preparing carbon fibers and threading them individually into each capillary tube by using a vacuum with a filter to aspirate the fiber. Next, the capillary tube with fiber is pulled by an electrode puller, creating two halves, each with a fine-pointed tip. The electrodes are dipped in hot, liquid epoxy mixed with hardener to create an epoxy-glass seal. Lastly, the electrodes are placed in an oven to cure the epoxy. Careful handling of the electrodes is critical to ensure that they are made consistently and without damage. This protocol shows how to fabricate and cut amperometric electrodes for recording from single cells.
Cellular Biology, Issue 27, catecholamine measurements, recording, carbon-fiber, amperometry, electrodes, electrophysiology
In situ Imaging of the Mouse Thymus Using 2-Photon Microscopy
Institutions: University of California, Berkeley.
Two-photon Microscopy (TPM) enables us to image deep into the thymus and document the events that are important for thymocyte development. To follow the migration of individuals in a crowd of thymocytes , we generate neonatal chimeras where less than one percent of the thymocytes are derived from a donor that is transgenic for a ubiquitously express fluorescent protein. To generate these partial hematopoetic chimeras, neonatal recipients are injected with bone marrow between 3-7 days of age. After 4-6 weeks, the mouse is sacrificed and the thymus is carefully dissected and bissected preserving the architecture of the tissue that will be imaged. The thymus is glued onto a coverslip in preparation for ex vivo imaging by TPM. During imaging the thymus is kept in DMEM without phenol red that is perfused with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide and warmed to 37°C. Using this approach, we can study the events required for the generation of a diverse T cell repertoire.
Immunology, Issue 11, 2-photon microscopy, neonatal chimera, adoptive transfer, thymus

domain: chemistry


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County Nears 9K Confirmed Cases Of COVID
Chautauqua County is closing in on 9,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with 24 new cases reported Friday. To date there have been 8,938 confirmed cases of the virus locally.
Of the new cases, 13 were recorded in the Jamestown zip code, two each in Ashville and Sherman and one each in Dunkirk, Fredonia, Brocton, Falconer, Gerry, Lakewood and Westfield.
There are currently 121 active cases along with 12 people with the virus in the hospital, 482 in quarantine and a seven-day positivity rate of 1.5%.
The level of transmission of the virus, according to the Centers of Disease Control, remains at “substantial.” To date there have been 8,668 recoveries and 149 virus-related deaths.
Meanwhile, the Cattaraugus County Health Department reported its 99th virus-related death, the third in the last week. The latest involves a 73-year-old woman who developed respiratory failure.
“We extend our deepest condolences to her family and the entire Cattaraugus County community,” the health department said.
There have been 5,369 total cases in Cattaraugus, as well as 5,058 recoveries. There are currently 211 active cases, 686 in quarantine, 22 hospitalized and a seven-day positivity rate of 2.8%.


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A deregulatory push led by top-level Republicans could reverse the clock towards the heyday of predatory financing.
An answer that is joint this morning by sc Republican Senator Lindsey Graham would eradicate strict legislation on short-term, small-dollar creditors imposed as a result of the federal consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and prevent the agency from issuing exactly the same guideline in the future. The quality marks the effort that is latest to defang the CFPB, which became the bete noire with this payday loan industry in to the years carrying out an economic crash.
The guideline, which among other products would obligate creditors to make sure that folks can in reality are able to repay their loans, was indeed set to enter impact in January but finished up being positioned on hold due to the mind that is interim because of the CFPB, Trump appointee Mick Mulvaney.
Although the CFPB â€œreconsidersâ€ exactly exactly exactly what what the law states states, Mulvaney has evidently released waivers to businesses that may otherwise need to begin to comply, to the pleasure when it comes to financing industry that is payday. Their option represented a break that is sharp the CFPBâ€™s past actions under past mind Richard Cordray, a Barack Obama appointee who did not shy not even close to wearing down on predatory funding practices in their tenure.
On Tuesday, a lot more than 40 Senate Democrats finalized a page to Mulvaney, expressing concern through the entire bureauâ€™s option to reconsider this new advance loan guideline and urging him to hold it intact. But Congress could overturn the guideline quicker when compared with now-Trumpified CFPB, provided the time-consuming notice and remark procedures the agency will need to perform. Graham filed their quality underneath the Congressional Review Act (CRA), allows for legislators to nix brand name brand new laws and regulations that arenâ€™t passed away by Congress within 60 times of their beginning effect. a majority that is simple each chamber is all it could decide to try scrap the guideline completely underneath the no-cloture-requirement CRA.
A friend quality had been filed in the house, getting help from three Democrats and 32 Republicans. A more substantial challenge for specialists for the guideline awaits to the Senate, where Republicans have struggled to assemble 51 votes in previous times. Graham, who voted in October against nullifying a CFPB guideline allowing clients to indulge in more class-action legal actions against financial organizations, could provide a vote this is certainly key. Linked to the six Senate Democrats who neglected to signal the page to Mulvaney, four are dealing with re-election in states that Trump won.
The very nearly all-out attack that is republican CFPB laws and regulations is visible as a considerable return through the past eight a long time of campaign efforts through the payday loan industry in addition to its lobbyists. The passage of the Dodd-Frank Act this season as well as the development that is resulting using the CFPB a year ago caused a rise in contributions, according to information from Open Secrets. Year Payday lenders have provided almost $9 million to users of Congress since 2012, the donations peaked. Associated with the, $7 million went along to Republicans. Mulvaney himself received almost $63,000 in campaign efforts while serving in Congress (he stepped lower in 2017 whenever Trump appointed him to go the workplace of Management and Budget).
In a released memo to CFPB staff, Mulvaney left without doubt that big modifications had been coming during the bureau january. Henceforth, he published, the CFPB would pay attention to assisting not simply clients but the businesses, tooâ€”as he place, it, â€œthose who take loans, and folks whom get them to. â€ Enforcement of laws might be dialed back and complaints connected with payday financing would use the backseat to complaints connected to commercial collection agency. A short time before issuing the memo, Mulvaney dropped case against four payday funding businesses in Kansas accused of billing interest levels of very nearly 1,000 %. That same four weeks, he completed a research in the advertising and financing methods of World recognition Corporation, one the nationâ€™s payday lenders that are largest, and more info here a donor to Mulvaneyâ€™s congressional promotions.
Twelve million Us Americans utilize payday advances each year, according to information through the Pew Research Center, collecting a complete lot a lot more than $9 billion in interest, fees, and fees.
Many borrowers crank up paying more in interest, fees, and fees than they initially received in credit. Pay day loan providers state they have been filling a place kept in low-income areas underserved by big finance institutions. Client advocates argue that their solutions do a whole lot more harm than good. Without alternatives for short-term loans, numerous working-class and low-income individuals working with unforeseen prices are obligated to check out that loan provider. Many borrowers wind up struggling to settle their debts over time consequently they’re held to decide on between defaulting regarding the loans or borrowing more cash, typically making a choice on the latter. Close to 80 percent of loans are renewed within 14 days, on the basis of the CFPB, resulting in alleged â€œdebt trapsâ€ when it comes to borrowers.
In previous times, the task of reining in small-dollar funding had primarily fallen to share legislatures (15 states have actually obstructed advance loan punishment by capping costs at a small level or enforcing other guidelines). The brand new CFPB guideline might have been already the original major legislation that is federal the industry. Instead, it moves one action nearer to being embroiled within the whirlwind of deregulation unleashed by the Trump management.

domain: news


SATB choir Percussion (opt), alto voice, bass voice, soprano voice, tenor voice
ERO CRAS ( I Will Come). Composed by Michael John Trotta. Octavo. With Standard notation. 20 pages. Duration 3 minutes, 35 seconds. Carl Fischer #CM09418. Published by Carl Fischer (CF.CM9418).
Item Number: CF.CM9418
Trotta conceived this well-known Latin text as a dialogue between supplicants and the Creator, a combination of old and new. He masterfully juxtaposes a personal longing for something still to come with the steadfast assurance of something ever-present, yet not always seen. While the original theme is associated with the Christmas season, the wider theme of longing for something greater is universal to the human condition and allows this piece to be programmed throughout the year. A fitting piece for any concert, contest or festival.


I embroidered this cushion cover but the final product was sewn into a cushion cover for 'nikah' by the owner.
The cost of the cushion is Rm 150pc. If any of you wish to have this, the ribbons will be embroidered onto velvet material. However, due to the thickness of the material, I will not sew the ruffles. ( no insert will be provided)
Size: 30" x 30"
Salam Aidil Fitri
4 days ago


text:
The Warped Tour is a Traveling rock festival that has toured the United States annually each summer since 1995. It is the largest traveling music festival in the United States and is the longest-running touring music festival in North America. This year Indie-Life was proud to offer tour management and staffing to headliners, Crown The Empire.
Many young people strive to work or play at a festival of this size, so Indie-Life took the opportunity to reach a younger generation of touring professionals that are involved in making Warped Tour happen. With this knowledge, we took the opportunity to shoot a commercial at the Warped Tour in order to recruit more young people to our company and help them find their way on the road.
After two long months on the road we went home for a couple of weeks, then off again for Japan and Hawaii. Twilight Records, the promoter in Japan, invited Crown The Empire to headline the annual Rise Records Tour, which started in Tokyo. After a couple of great shows in Osaka, Nagoya and an extra show added in Tokyo, it was time to get to the Aloha land, Hawaii. The promoter, Jack from Underworld Events, gave us an amazing welcome as we spent three days before the show in Honolulu. He really went above and beyond to make sure we were happy and had a blast! The show went really well and we can’t wait to go back.
Video directed by Elliott Ingham

domain: entertainment