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Holiday festivities on tap
The downtown will host Home for the Holidays this weekend, a two-day celebration that will include visits with Santa, concerts, cookie-making, caroling, arts shows and sales, letter writing to Santa, Hannukah fun, treats and beverages.
Festivities will be held from 5 to 8 p.m. Friday and 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturday.
On Saturday, craft fairs will be held at the First Parish Federated Church, the First Baptist Church and Marshwood High School.
The Jewett House also will be open from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturday.
Host homes for teens sought
New Beginnings Inc. will sponsor an informative meeting from 7 to 8 p.m. Wednesday for adults or families interested in helping teenagers by becoming a host home.
The meeting will be held at 550 Forest Ave., Suite 101.
Light snacks will be offered.
Learn about vets’ benefits
A discussion on benefits for veterans will be held at 7 p.m. Wednesday at People Plus, 35 Union St.
Scott Larczewski, director of the Togas Veterans Center, will speak.
For more information, call 729-0757.
Scholarship in peace study
Applications are being accepted through Dec. 14 for students who wish to be considered for a $500 PeaceWorks Peace Studies scholarship toward a three-credit-hour University of Maine Peace Studies course in spring 2013.
The UM Certificate in Peace and Reconciliation Studies is an 18-credit interdisciplinary curriculum with two required courses, PAX 201 Introduction to Peace Studies, and PAX 410 Theories in Peace Studies, plus four other PAX courses.
For a complete list of the online classes and their start dates, go to learn.maine.edu/bath/peace-studies-scholarship, call Dennis Unger at 442-7736 or email [email protected]
Silent auction at library
The Brunswick Downtown Association will host its Annual Silent Auction Fundraiser from 5 to 7 p.m. Thursday in the Curtis Memorial Library’s 1904 Building Reading Room.
The event is open to the general public and features a variety of gift items and certificates. Local musicians Tamora Goltz and David Stimson will provide seasonal and traditional Irish music. Refreshments will be served by local restaurants and BDA board members.
Proceeds will directly benefit BDA projects.
For more details, go to www.brunswickdowntown.org.
Fair at Sea Road School
Sea Road School will host its 31st Annual Holiday Fair from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Thursday at 71 Sea Road.
The event will include 30 craft tables, a white elephant table, used book sale, silent auction, theme basket raffles and baked goods.
A chowder luncheon also will be offered, beginning at 11 a.m.
Become a balance coach
Sign-ups are being accepted for those who wish to serve as volunteer coaches for the Matter of Balance program that teaches tips on helping seniors remain active while alleviating their fear of falling.
Southern Maine Agency on Aging will offer the free training from 8 a.m. to noon Dec. 13 at its offices at 136 Route 1.
Those who are strong communicators, dependable and enjoy working with older adults are welcome to attend.
Coaches receive training, materials and ongoing support.
Pre-registration is required by calling Liz Weaver at 396-6578 or [email protected]
Artist Homer topic of lecture
Portland Museum of Art Director Mark Bessire will be the next guest speaker for Saint Joseph’s College SPArC — Speakers, Performers, Artists and Culture — lecture series, at 6 p.m Thursday in Harold Alfond Hall, Room 224 at 278 Whites Bridge Road.
Bessire will discuss artist Winslow Homer and the impact Maine had on his paintings.
Bessire also will detail PMA’s recently completed project of renovating Homer’s National Historic Landmark studio on Prouts Neck in Scarborough.
The talk is free and open to the public.
For details, call Chris Sullivan at [email protected]
Historic letters spotlighted
Dr. John Woolverton will give a presentation at 2 p.m. Tuesday at Prince Memorial Library, 266 Main St., detailing an exchange of letters from Moscow to Maine during the Russian Revolution.
All ages are welcome.
Refreshments will be served.
For more details, call 829-2215.
Health event set for Dec. 3
The Cumberland County Public Health Council, in collaboration with Crosswalk Community Outreach and Healthy Lakes, Healthy Maine Partnership will host “Health on the Move” from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m Dec. 3 at the Crooked River Adult and Community Education Center, 1437 Poland Spring Road.
The free event will feature health screenings, health care information, preventive care and wellness resources, along with a healthy lunch served from 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., all free of charge.
Offerings include flu shots, blood pressure screenings, diabetes assessments, depression screenings and cancer screening programs, resources on getting active, managing stress, treating addictions, proper nutrition, keeping a healthy home and parenting tips.
For more details, call Zoe Miller at 553-5939.
Local author to discuss work
Camden author Tom Dowd will talk about his two new books, “The Transformation of a Doubting Thomas: Growing from a Cynic to a Professional in the Corporate World” and “From Fear to Success,” at 7 p.m. at the Camden Public Library at 55 Main St.
For more details, call Ken Gross at 236-3440.
Toys for Tots drive Saturday
A Toys for Tots toy drive is planned for 2 to 6 p.m. Saturday at the Amvets Hall, Post No. 3. on School Street.
The event will include a Karaoke Christmas Show.
Attendees are asked to bring a new, unwrapped toy to donate for children who might otherwise go without this Christmas.
This event is open to all Amvets members and their guests.
Christmas tree harvest, sale
Great Pond Mountain Wildlands will offer an old-fashioned Christmas tree harvest and sale from noon to 3 p.m. Sunday and again Dec. 9.
Community members are invited to come cut down their Christmas tree the old-fashioned way. The cost is $25 for wild, open-grown balsam firs and $10 each for additional trees
Cutting help and handsaws will be available; no chainsaws please.
There also will be hayrides, a bonfire, hot cocoa and refreshments.
All proceeds benefit Great Pond Mountain Conservation Trust.
The Wildlands property is located at routes 1 and 176.
Snow conditions on the roads may impact location and gate opening.
Those planning to attend should check for cancellations or updates at www.greatpondtrust.org.
For more details, call 469-2008 or email [email protected]


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Generalized cerebral atrophy seen on MRI in a naturally exposed animal model for creutzfeldt-jakob disease
Journal of Translational Medicine volume 8, Article number: 125 (2010)
Magnetic resonance imaging has been used in the diagnosis of human prion diseases such as sCJD and vCJD, but patients are scanned only when clinical signs appear, often at the late stage of disease. This study attempts to answer the questions "Could MRI detect prion diseases before clinical symptoms appear?, and if so, with what confidence?"
Scrapie, the prion disease of sheep, was chosen for the study because sheep can fit into a human sized MRI scanner (and there were no large animal MRI scanners at the time of this study), and because the USDA had, at the time of the study, a sizeable sample of scrapie exposed sheep, which we were able to use for this purpose. 111 genetically susceptible sheep that were naturally exposed to scrapie were used in this study.
Our MRI findings revealed no clear, consistent hyperintense or hypointense signal changes in the brain on either clinically affected or asymptomatic positive animals on any sequence. However, in all 37 PrPSc positive sheep (28 asymptomatic and 9 symptomatic), there was a greater ventricle to cerebrum area ratio on MRI compared to 74 PrPSc negative sheep from the scrapie exposed flock and 6 control sheep from certified scrapie free flocks as defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Our findings indicate that MRI imaging can detect diffuse cerebral atrophy in asymptomatic and symptomatic sheep infected with scrapie. Nine of these 37 positive sheep, including 2 one-year old animals, were PrPSc positive only in lymph tissues but PrPSc negative in the brain. This suggests either 1) that the cerebral atrophy/neuronal loss is not directly related to the accumulation of PrPSc within the brain or 2) that the amount of PrPSc in the brain is below the detectable limits of the utilized immunohistochemistry assay. The significance of these findings remains to be confirmed in human subjects with CJD.
Scrapie was first reported in 1730 in sheep and goats and is the longest known transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) . In the past two decades, TSEs have received much attention since ingestion of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infected beef was causally linked to the variant form of CJD (vCJD) . These TSE diseases are progressively debilitating and invariably fatal neurodegenerative diseases that have very long incubation periods and unique neuropathological changes. The most widely accepted cause of the TSE diseases is an abnormal prion protein, identified as PrPSc in the case of scrapie, which is a stereoisomer of the normal prion protein (PrPC).
Ante-mortem diagnosis of the TSE diseases, in general, has proven to be quite challenging. MRI has been useful in CJD patients -- with both the sporadic and variant forms. It is helpful in the exclusion of other neurodegenerative diseases as well as, in some cases, the positive diagnosis of sCJD or vCJD [3–6]. For example, in a study of 162 sCJD cases, bilateral basal ganglia hyperintensity was found to be 67% sensitive and 94% specific. MRI findings included hyperintense alterations and/or brain atrophy, alone or in combination with each other. A normal MRI without any hyperintense changes or atrophy was seen in 27.2% (44/162) patients. A bilaterally symmetric hyperintense pulvinar, or the "hockey stick sign", is reported to be present in 80% of vCJD patients in some studies [4, 5, 7]. CJD patients, however, present with clinical symptoms at a relatively late stage of the disease.
MRI abnormalities are reported in pre-symptomatic mice experimentally infected (intraperitoneally) with scrapie. The study was performed at 9.4T, and a hyperintense septum and hippocampus were seen at 120 days post infection, approximately 60 days prior to the onset of clinical signs. Additional cortical and thalamic abnormalities were seen at 180 days post infection, when clinical signs became apparent .
Other MRI studies by Chung et al. in rodent scrapie models correlate MRI signal changes to neuoropathology [9, 10]. One hamster model, performed at 4.7T, with scrapie induced intra-cerebral injections revealed a correlation with increased T2 signal and gliosis, and decreased T2 signal with vacuolization. In some areas with marked gliosis and vacuolization, no MRI signal changes were seen suggesting a T2 cancelling effect .
In contrast to Chung's findings in hamsters, Haik et al. found no association of MRI signal change in two CJD patients with gliosis and no clear association with spongiform change. There was, however, strong correlation of MRI signal change with accumulation of PrPSc in the both the sCJD and the vCJD patient .
Unlike experimentally induced scrapie rodent models that have a different course of disease than natural infection and CJD patients that present with an advanced stage of disease, a naturally exposed scrapie flock is typically composed of sheep in various stages of disease. For this reason, these animals are considered a good model to study MRI findings in scrapie as a model for the TSE diseases. Our objective was to study the consistent MRI findings in a large flock of scrapie positive animals as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The purpose was twofold: 1) to better understand TSE diseases by evaluating the MRI finding in naturally infected sheep, and 2) to assess the accuracy of MRI in the detection of TSE in both symptomatic and asymptomatic sheep.
One hundred eleven scrapie-exposed sheep with the scrapie susceptible QQ171 genotype were used in this study. The sheep originated from a single commercial scrapie flock in the Midwest United States that was to be depopulated for regulatory reasons. The flock was comprised of 62 black faced breeds (24 Hampshire, 39 Suffolk, 1 unknown black faced), 37 Western white faced sheep which entered the flock as adults prior to this study, and 12 brockel faced sheep born of the white faced ewes and black faced rams. The sheep ranged in age from 1-9 years old with the oldest sheep primarily the Western white faced breed.
Six additional sheep were purchased from two separate certified scrapie free flocks; five were black faced and one was white faced. They ranged in age from 2-8 years and served as known negative controls.
MRI Examinations - Part I
Brain MR examinations were initially done on the 6 negative control animals and the 24 scrapie positive sheep which were identified by an immunohistochemistry test of surgically collected 3rd eyelid lymph tissue from the 76 black and brockel faced sheep [12, 13]. Each animal was scanned live under general anaesthesia and then recovered with the exception of the three most clinically affected animals, which were euthanized after the MRI exam, and one sheep that died during induction. We used a mobile 1T GE Signa LX MRI system (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI) with the general purpose flex coil wrapped around the dorsal and lateral aspects of the head. The following pulse sequences were obtained: T1- and T2-weighted fast spin echo, proton density (PD), inversion recovery (IR), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). The slice parameters were 3 mm thickness, 0 gap, 14 cm FOV for PD, T1, T2, IR, and FLAIR; for DWI 4 mm thickness, 0 gap, 22 cm FOV. Where possible 23 slices in the each of the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes were obtained.
MRI Examinations - Part II
Based on the findings from Part I, all 113 remaining sheep were examined or re-examined by the same MRI protocol (with the exception of the T1 and FLAIR sequences) immediately following euthanasia.
Lateral ventricle to cerebrum area ratios (V/C ratio) were calculated in all sheep. The V/C ratio is calculated by the following formula:
It is the area of the lateral ventricle normalized to the area of the sheep's cerebrum area as imaged in that sagittal slice, and the value is reported as a per cent. It is an effort to measure the size of this sheep's lateral ventricle area as related to its own cerebrum area (without the ventricle area included in the cerebrum area). On the FSE T2 weighted sequences, a sagittal slice 3-5 mm off midline that had the largest lateral ventricular area was used for the measurements. As shown in Figure 1, regions of interest were drawn around the border of the lateral ventricle and, in the same slice, around the cerebrum.
Two scientists measured the areas using two different methods on different computers with no communication between them regarding their results. The scientists did their work in separate locations at different times with no communication regarding the V/C results. Both used mouse pointers to trace the outlines of the lateral ventricle and the cerebrum in the same slice as defined above.
Scientist A used Adobe's Photoshop software and their "Magnetic Lasso" technology with the following parameters: feather = zero pixels; anti-aliased = on; width = 3 pixels; edge contrast = 100%, and frequency = 100. Scientist B wrote his own software code in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 with DicomObjects.ocx as the DICOM interface and created a routine which counts pixels inside bounded planar regions. Dicomobjects.ocx is a library of compiled software enabling DICOM files to be studied using many different higher level programming languages for control. http://www.medicalconnections.co.uk.
Both techniques used exactly the same definition of the boundary between the cerebrum from the cerebellum, the only place in the slices of interest in which the boundary was less clear than all other tissue boundaries: this required a line drawing rule over that narrow region, which rule was used by both. Resulting percentages were similar, only varying by a small multiplicative constant; and, finally, both obtained similar graphs.
For the total data set of 117 sheep, the inter-observer reliability (correlation coefficient) between the scientist A and scientist B was 0.85 by the Pearson Product Moment Method and 0.87 by the Spearman Rank Order Method.
Scrapie testing by immunohistochemistry procedures followed the standard protocols used in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) scrapie eradication program and are similar to those described previously . The pre-mortem third eyelid tissues were evaluated at the University of Wyoming (EW) and post-mortem sections of medulla at the obex, medial retropharyngeal lymph node and tonsil were examined at the National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, IA (BT). Briefly, tissue sections were deparaffinized, rehydrated, treated with 95% formic acid (lymph tissue only) and then autoclaved in an antigen retrieval solution obtained from DakoCytomation, Carpinteria, CA, USA . The sections were stained with an automated immunohistochemistry system (by Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ USA) which used a mixture of two monoclonal antibodies, F89/160.1.5 and F99/97.6.1, to detect prion protein . Known positive and negative tissue samples were run as controls for each group of slides. The slides were interpreted independently of the MRI results. Later, additional areas of the brain (4 areas of the cerebrum and l section each of the thalamus, rostral colliculus, pons and cerebellum) were examined by IHC on eight of the nine animals which were found to be positive only on lymph tissue and negative on brain samples at the level of the obex.
All sheep were genotyped at codons 171, 136, and 154. There were only 4 genotypes present in the 117 sheep: 97 AARRQQ; 4 AARHQQ; 4 AARRQR; and 12 AVRRQQ.
All 111 scrapie exposed sheep were evaluated clinically for neurological signs consistent with scrapie. The 24 eyelid positive animals were more thoroughly examined by recording the following parameters: body condition score, percent wool loss, presence of ataxia, and trembling.
The extent to which the MRI results discriminate between "scrapie" and "not scrapie" was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve consisting of a graph of sensitivity versus one minus specificity as the cutoff is varied. The parameters and characteristics of the ROC curve was estimated from the data using STATA (Statacorp, 2001). The area under the ROC curve is used as a summary measure of the extent of the discrimination .
All aspects of this study were approved by the University of Pennsylvania's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Environmental Health and Radiation Safety, and the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture.
The clinical signs of scrapie, trembling and ataxia with various combinations of wool loss and/or thin body condition score, were only identified in 9 sheep. The other 102 sheep in the infected flock showed no detectable signs consistent with scrapie. IHC testing found 37 out of 111 sheep positive for scrapie with 9 of 37 sheep positive only on lymph tissues. Eight of these 9 lymph-only positive sheep remained PrPSc negative following additional IHC testing on multiple areas of the brain. Additional brain samples were unavailable for testing on the single remaining animal.
The third eyelid test identified 24/76 (31%) sheep as PrPSc positive. Performing the eyelid test allowed an antemortem diagnosis to identify several scrapie infected sheep. In Part I of the study when brain MRI exams of these eyelid positive animals were compared to the 6 control animals, no clear, consistent MRI signal changes were noted in the brain of either the 9 clinically affected or the 15 asymptomatic sheep on any pulse sequence. As seen in Figure 2, the most severely affected clinical animals had hyperintense adipose tissue, predominantly within the medullary cavity of the skull and around the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, corresponding with serous atrophy secondary to emaciation. There was also mild subjective enlargement of the lateral ventricles with sulcal prominence in the most clinically affected sheep indicative of diffuse cerebral atrophy (Figure 2). This finding prompted quantitative evaluation in all sheep.
The results of the quantitative analysis following Part II of the study are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The 37 PrPSc positive sheep had larger V/C ratios compared to the PrPSc negative sheep (Figure 3). Interestingly, 9 of these 37 sheep, including 2 one-year olds, were PrPSc positive in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes and/or tonsils but negative in the brain (Figure 4). As seen in Figure 4, no correlation with the V/C ratios with age was seen. Almost all animals with a V/C ratio over 15% showed clinical symptoms of scrapie.
The 37 PrPSc positive sheep fall into the following genotypes: 36 of 97 AARRQQ; 0 of 4 AARHQQ; 0 of 4 AARRQR; and 1 of 12 AVRRQQ. Every score above 10.4% corresponded to a PrPSc positive and every score below 9.5% corresponded to a negative: there was only a 10.25% overlap in scores, and most importantly only 8.75% false negatives when all scores are considered and the above cutoffs are not used.
In addition, it is noteworthy that the AVRRQQ subjects are, despite their relatively small N, the most ambiguous, in that 5 of the 11 negatives with this genotype fall into the upper quartile of all negative scores; this 'leaning' towards the high end of the negative distribution, might serve to suggest that over time this genotype might turn out to be the most likely to shift from negative to positive, and in future work should receive special attention regarding possible false negatives.
The ROC curve is shown in Figure 5. The area under the curve was 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.00). As described in Hosmer and Lemeshow (page 162), this is in the "outstanding discrimination" range .
The 111 scrapie exposed QQ sheep used in this study are from a single commercial flock in the Midwest United States that had a high prevalence of infection (33% of the QQ animals were PrPSc positive on post-mortem IHC). Because there was a wide range in ages, multiple breeds, and clinical stages of the disease progression, this flock was considered a good model for evaluating MRI findings in scrapie positive sheep. The MRI findings correlated with IHC results in each of the breeds examined. The scrapie associated MRI changes detected subclinically infected animals and also detected 10 animals which were not identified by the current antemortem third eyelid test.
MRI signal abnormalities were not seen consistently on T2, FLAIR, or PD weighted images in this flock as reported in CJD patients and rodent scrapie models. Although similar inconsistencies are also seen in people, hyperintense changes in this study were a rare finding. Reasons for the hyperintense change in some animals and not others remain unclear. Meissner et al. found a correlation between the presence and absence of MRI findings and the CJD genotype in human patients . The genotypes of this flock are very homogeneous and could explain the relative uniform lack of MRI signal abnormality.
The animals with the most severe clinical signs had the highest ventricular to cerebrum ratios; almost all animals with a V/C ratio over 15% showed clinical symptoms of scrapie. For this reason, we believe that enlarged ventricular to cerebral ratios may be positively correlated with disease progression. Similar correlations between brain atrophy as seen on MRI and progression of clinical disease have also been reported in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease  and multiple sclerosis [17, 18].
Ventricular enlargement with sulcal prominence is typical of brain atrophy on MRI examinations [16, 19, 20]. This observation in the most clinically affected animals suggested similar evidence of cerebral atrophy/neuronal loss that has been reported in CJD patients and a rodent scrapie model with advanced disease. Particularly noteworthy was the finding, following quantitative analysis of all 117 sheep (111 scrapie exposed and 6 normal controls) that cerebral atrophy was a consistent finding in the 37 PrPSc animals, even among the asymptomatic sheep and, of particular interest, in the 2 positive one-year old sheep. The quantification of certain brain parameters on MR images, such as the V/C ratio as used in this study, may be considered as an ante-mortem tool for live animals at risk for scrapie, including young animals.
The pathophysiologic process that would explain diffuse cerebral atrophy in young asymptomatic sheep is unclear. The progression of scrapie in the naturally infected animal begins with an oral infection. Particularly susceptible in the perinatal period, lambs first show evidence of PrPSc in the Peyer's patches, medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, and tonsils about 2-5 months after birth [21–23] In approximately 12-18 months, but as early as 9-10 months, PrPSc enters the central nervous system and can be first found in the obex of the medulla and the T8-T10 thoracic spinal cord segments [22, 24] At the terminal stage of disease in clinically affected animals, usually between 2-5 years of age, neuropil vacuolation, astrocytosis, neuronal loss, and shrunken 'dark neurons' are seen in areas rostral to the medulla . These histopathological findings are reported to be within the neocortex of the cerebrum (particularly centered around the superior frontal lobe gyrus) as well as the diencephalon and mesencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem .
However, as shown in the pathogenesis studies, PrPSc within the cerebrum in asymptomatic sheep is not an expected finding [21, 22, 24, 25]. Routine screening for scrapie on IHC is performed at the level of the obex of the medulla, because identification of PrPSc at this site has shown to be most sensitive for detection of scrapie in the earliest stages of CNS involvement [26, 27]. Ersdal et al. found evidence of PrPSc in the cerebellum of 1/17 sheep and not in the obex . Accumulation of PrPSc, spongiform change and/or astrogliosis rostral to the obex in asymptomatic sheep was not reported and considered to be unusual [24, 26–30]. Therefore, diffuse cerebral atrophy in the 28 asymptomatic sheep in this study is difficult to explain.
Furthermore, 9 of the 37 PrPSc positive sheep in this study that had higher V/C ratios compared to PrPSc negative sheep were only PrPSc positive in lymphoid tissue, not in the obex. Additional immunohistochemistry was negative on areas of the brain rostral to the obex in the 8 re-tested animals, which is consistent with the literature that the obex negative PrPSc sheep are in an early stage of disease that has not yet reached the central nervous system . Two possible explanations are that the diffuse cerebral atrophy in this scrapie flock is either not directly related to the accumulation of PrPSc in the brain or that low levels of PrPSc in the obex are present but simply undetected by the IHC testing.
We found a greater lateral ventricle to cerebrum area ratio in PrPSc positive sheep compared to PrPSc negative sheep in this large, naturally scrapie infected flock. There was no age correlation with the V/C ratios, only higher ratios in more clinically affected sheep in advanced disease. The results of this study indicate that there is diffuse cerebral atrophy/neuronal loss seen with MRI in naturally infected scrapie sheep in young animals and prior to the onset of clinical signs that appears related to the progression of the disease. These results also suggest that the cerebral atrophy/neuronal loss is not directly related to the accumulation of PrPSc within the brain, or that the amount of PrPSc in the brain is below the detectable limits of the immunohistochemistry assay. The significance of these findings remains to be confirmed in human subjects with CJD.
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Hamir AN, Miller JM, Schmerr MJ, Stack MJ, Chaplin MJ, Cutlip RC: Diagnosis of preclinical and subclinical scrapie in a naturally infected sheep flock utilizing currently available postmortem diagnostic techniques. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2001, 13: 152-154.
Ryder SJ, Spencer YI, Bellerby PJ, March SA: Immunohistochemical detection of PrP in the medulla oblongata of sheep: the spectrum of staining in normal and scrapie-affected sheep. Veterinary Record. 2001, 148: 7-13. 10.1136/vr.148.1.7.
Kim H, O'Rourke KI, Walter M, Purchase HG, Enck J, Shin TK: Immunohistochemical detection of scrapie prion proteins in clinically normal sheep in Pennsylvania. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2001, 13: 89-91.
The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Elizabeth Williams at the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory for evaluating the third eyelid tissues, and Patricia Meinhardt and Norma Newton from National Veterinary Services Laboratories in Ames, Iowa for the genotypic evaluations.
The authors heartily thank the faculty and staff of New Bolton Center's Anesthesia and Pathology, as well as the MRI technologists and farm assistants for all their help with this study. Nigel Watson of the New Bolton Pathology Department who did consistently precise dissection work on the obex and nodes of all 117 sheep deserves special recognition.
Acknowledgement is gratefully tendered to Dr. David Harvey, General Manager of Medical Connections, UK for very intelligent software assists with Dicomobjects.ocx. The authors are very grateful for the insightful statistical assistance, relative to the genotype analysis as well as the inter-observer reliability, provided by Dr. Leonard A. Rosenblum (Professor of Experimental Psychology (Retired), Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY).
Thank you also to the Louis and Lena Minkoff Foundation for the generous gift that funded this project. Dr. Lawrence Minkoff is the president of the Foundation and an author of this paper.
The Authors declare that they have no competing interests.
ALM--Primary Author, Study Staffing, Study Management. LAM--MRI data acquisition and analysis, JMS--MRI data acquisition and analysis, BVT--Immunohistochemistry analysis at NVSL, PLH--Pathological assistance at New Bolton Center, RWS--Clinical assessment and medical care of flock, GS--Statistical analysis, CAD--Clinical assessment and integration of the obtained data, TEI-- Integration of the data, DTA--Clinical integration of the data, DLS--Acquisition and coordination of infected flock. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Alexia L McKnight, Lawrence A Minkoff and Joel M Stutman contributed equally to this work.
About this article
Cite this article
McKnight, A.L., Minkoff, L.A., Sutton, D.L. et al. Generalized cerebral atrophy seen on MRI in a naturally exposed animal model for creutzfeldt-jakob disease. J Transl Med 8, 125 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-8-125

domain: medical


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Home » Posts tagged 'cling'
Tag Archives: cling
Cling to God – You Have Seen Him Do Awesome Things
Good morning Heavenly Father. Thank you for my taste. Thank you that I can taste my coffee. Thank you that I can taste the eggs. Thank you that I can differentiate the sweet taste of a donut from the sour taste of a grapefruit. And thank you for the scripture for today’s prayer for your daughter Lindsey:
Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name.
He is thy praise, and he is thy God, that hath done for thee these great and terrible things, which thine eyes have seen. (Deuteronomy 10:20-21)
And I will make an everlasting covenant with them, that I will not turn away from them, to do them good; but I will put my fear in their hearts, that they shall not depart from me. (Jeremiah 32:40)
Lord, I’m here again and ready for another day with you. But right now I wish to lift up Lindsey, your daughter who loves you. Help her to cling to you. Help her to maintain her reverent fear of the Lord. Inspire this fear of the Lord in her heart Lord. Every day bring to mind some of the great and awesome things that she witnessed you doing. I ask that you never stop doing good for her. And we will give praise to you. We will give you the glory. All the glory is yours. I pray this in the name of Christ Jesus, King of kings. Amen (more…)
Cling to God and Walk in His Ways
Good morning Heavenly Father. Thank you for how a breeze can rustle the leaves in a tree. Thank you for how the wind can actually move the branches in a tree back and forth, bending it ever so slightly in the direction that it is blowing. But also thank you for showing the power of something that cannot be seen when strong winds actually break branches from trees and even uproot them completely. What is not seen can definitely be real. And thank you for the scripture to use for today’s prayer for your daughter Lindsey:
For if ye shall diligently keep all these commandments which I command you, to do them, to love the Lord your God, to walk in all his ways, and to cleave unto him; Then will the Lord drive out all these nations from before you, and ye shall possess greater nations and mightier than yourselves. Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours: from the wilderness and Lebanon, from the river, the river Euphrates, even unto the uttermost sea shall your coast be. (Deuteronomy 11:22-24)
Lord, it’s me. I’m here on behalf of Lindsey, your daughter who loves you. She clings to you Lord as she strives to always walk in your ways. She diligently sets guidelines for her tour company and is careful that their time on the bus and at each location honors you Lord. I ask that you continue to shower her and her tour company with your love and your grace. Smile as they enjoy life together. Let them hear you laugh with them as they have fun wherever they go. Lord, I ask that as Lindsey cleaves unto you that you will be with her everywhere that the soles of her feet shall tread and that you will guard her and keep her safe in you. And we give the glory to you Lord. All the glory is yours. I ask this in the name of Christ Jesus, King of kings. Amen (more…)
Continue to Cling to the Lord your God
Heavenly Father, Good Morning! Thank you for a warm room to wake up in. Thank you for a car to drive to church in. Thank you for your church! And thank you for your Word that you left for us as a guide for my life. Thank you for the scripture to use in my prayer this morning:
But cleave unto the Lord your God, as ye have done unto this day. (Joshua 23:8)
Lord, how wonderful to know that any time I wish I can come to you and you will sit with me. Right now I am here to lift up Lindsey, your daughter who loves you. I ask that you sit with her today, that you would hear her prayers and that you would answer her in a way that she knows it is you. I ask that you be with her so that she can see how clinging to you gives her the best life. She has been clinging to you already, she has done this unto this day. Now I ask that you give her added joy as she clings to you today. And we will give you the glory. All the glory is yours Lord. I ask this all in the name of Christ Jesus, King of kings. Amen (more…)
(U) God Upholds You
Good Morning Heavenly Father. The bare trees against the snow outside look wonderful. Thank you for all the many many bits of beauty you spread all over this world, this universe! Thank you for letting me see just a tiny part of it. And thank you for the scripture for the letter U to remind us that you uphold us as we cling to you!
My soul followeth hard after thee: thy right hand upholdeth me. (Psalm 63:8)
Lord, I start today anew. I start today fresh with you, invigorated and ready for the day. And now I come before you to lift up Lindsey, your delightful daughter. You have so many plans for her. She has seen the many plans in the past come to fruition with extraordinary results. She trusts in you Lord. So, I ask that today you would remind her that you are there with her, next to her, right at her side. You will be there all day watching over her and upholding her. Remind her to simply cling to you this day, to merely follow hard after you. Remind her that you are there every step of the way. And we will give you the glory. All the glory is yours Lord. I ask this in the name of Christ Jesus, King of kings. Amen. (more…)

domain: literature


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It has been a busy week.
We did manage to squeak in a glorious walk.
C and I walked,
while N ran, trying to
himself for spring track season.
This is our turnaround point, where the
marsh opens up to the ocean.
Isn't it glorious?
It motivates me to have a destination.
(3 mile walk Becky!)
I love being able to carry my phone
in my pocket and
pull it out to capture impromptu
moments like this.
You just can't run home and
grab the camera and try again.
Our daffodils are blooming!
Always a welcome sight.
The grass is slowly coming
back from its winter
of clover and dandelions soon
I am sure!
We spent Thursday night
at the National Junior Honor Society
Induction. N has worked
very hard and deserved this honor.
It was heart-warming, and a tear jerker.
We are on vacation this week!
We have a list a mile long to chunk away at:
*Cut fallen trees
*Gather fallen branches
*Rake leaves from front of stonewall
*Rake leaves from in and around all gardens
*Clean up and trim perennials as needed
*Clean up swing area
*Tend seedlings in house
Of course, there will also be some
playing, eating, and laughing,
along with some laundry, vacuuming and
lots of blogging!
Don't forget, you can follow me on Instagram for
a more detailed look at my exciting life...like what I had for breakfast,
or how early I went to bed. ;)

domain: hobby


text:
A Charlotte Bingham saga which exposes the reality that surrounds the lives of the truly prodigious, and explores the effect a child can have on the adult world. The parents of musical prodigy Fleur Fisher-Dilke find their lives are changed for ever when her genius is allowed to flourish.
Change of Heart Summary
Change of Heart by Charlotte Bingham
Unfortunately we do not have a summary for this item at the moment
Winner of Romantic Novelists' Association Award 1995 Winner of Romantic Novelists' Association Awards: Romantic Novel of the Year 1995
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
This is a used book - there is no escaping the fact it has been read by someone else and it will show signs of wear and previous use. Overall we expect it to be in very good condition, but if you are not entirely satisfied please get in touch with us


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Our famous Docket Report – now for Trade Secret law! This daily report tracks every new federal case claiming violations of the Defend Trade Secrets Act (18 U.S.C. § 1836), as well as every substantive ruling in pending trade secret cases (NOS 880).
Now you can view new cases, substantive rulings, and pleadings across all trade secret cases in one email – every morning! Stay current with litigation trends, new filings, and significant rulings all at a click, and jump into cases or rulings in our database to do more digging.

domain: law


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Donald Trump does not like the media and I think we can all agree on that. But the problem is that his dangerous rhetoric, “Enemy of the people” is not just idiotic, it is extremely dangerous.
Nations such as North Korea, Russia, and China limit the way the media reports. Russia assassinates people who do not agree with Putin and North Korea does not have ANY outside reporting besides the state media. Trump wants media outlets to be shut down, just like how North Korea only has state media. Trump has also called for violence during one of his campaign rallies against protesters. Trump has shown time and time again that he does not like people who do not agree with him. Maybe it’s not as extreme as the killings of journalists in Russia, but they are strikingly similar.
Without journalists, what would we do? Get our news straight from the White House when they have outright LIED to our faces? We would be entirely lost on what is happening in our country. Without journalists, who would expose the truth from the liars?
Without journalists, who would go into literal war zones to simply report? Because I can tell you one thing,Trump wouldn’t because he does not care whatsoever. Countless journalists have died reporting around the world and Trump has no right to insult every single one of us.
This is a strange time for every one of us. Facts are lies and lies are truths. We need to unite and not let petty thoughts divide us. I find it ridiculous that we have this problem in the first place. All we truly can do is keep reporting no matter what. We will not let Trump divide us and our country.

domain: politics


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Pinoy Otaku Festival returns this year—and so I return to Supernova(liches) to moderate a panel discussion.
This annual event starts again this year, and this edition will focus on Environmental Advocacy. Shizen, a Japanese word describing (human) nature, is the theme for this year’s edition, focusing on the ways fans like us can do to give back to nature.
Organizer Red Cloud Interactive will host a series of activities including a Low-Cost Cosplay Competition which will challenge the talent and resourcefulness of participating cosplayers. In addition, staple activities such as Cosplay Championship League, Your Cosplay Sounds Familiar, Karaoke Battle Royale, and Chibi Cosplay Show will also be held during the weekend.
Pinoy Otaku Festival 2023 also has a wide variety of guest line-ups for this year including AWIE, YARA PH, Lia Bear, Prince De Guzman, Stacy Phan, Ponponmy, Ariel Villasanta, Raymond Gorospe, and more.
Yours truly will be there on Sunday, May 21. Activities on that day include an Aidoru (Idol) Concert featuring Pepper Keibu, Blitz Hasegawa, PiPaPosse, Chie Kurosaki, FESTA, Shazu姫, Cess, Rainbow Signal, Poly-V, Radiant, Mju:z Kiss, Neko✩Fire, and Ivy Musume. A panel discussion to be moderated by yours truly will also be held on the said day.
Tickets are available on-site and on Ticket2Me for Php150 per day and Php450 for 3 days. A limited-quantity VIP Pass worth Php1,500 is also available, which includes an event-exclusive POF t-shirt and Event ID plus access to one special guest Meet-and-Greet session among other perks.
POF 2023 will be held at Robinsons Novaliches Trade Hall on the weekend of May 19-21, 2023. Event partners include Glico Philippines, 13th Line Collectibles, Toy Shogun, ADA Straws and Bayanihan para sa Kalikasan Movement.

domain: entertainment


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Just to clarify - this electro freestyle song is just a demo - "DEMO 2" to be exact, but I've always called it "Don't make a mistake". That's what I hear in the chorus. It's probably wrong but for the purpose of this upload I will name it this way.
Jamix's Vocoder is simply great. It's the best in whole electro freestyle scene ...by far! This is an amazing demo. With this music, breakdance is pure pleasure. Congratulations! Amazing, AMAZING vocoder!!!!!!!
🌟🌟 Videos that YOU SURELY MISSED and that ARE WORTH YOUR INTEREST: 🌟🌟
🌟🌟 Check out another amazing uploads: 🌟🌟
#electro #freestyle #dance
Thanks for watching the video - Jamix Project - Don't make a mistake

domain: artistic


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With the crisis in Japan still unfolding, celebrities the world over have encouraged their fans to take action and help them collect relief funds.
Linkin Park's Mike Shinoda has also designed merchandise to be sold for relief funds. Music For Relief, a network of artists and music fans devoted to relief efforts, partnered with Shinoda to produce T-shirts to be sold for the cause. Shinoda is currently collecting votes on his website, asking fans to select which version of his design should be printed.
Charlie Sheen has announced that some of the revenue from his upcoming live shows will be donated to help Japan. His website says that $1 of every ticket sold for "My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show" will be donated to the Red Cross Japanese Earthquake Relief Fund.
"Imagine... if we ALL texted REDCROSS to 90999 we'd have raised over 60million dollars for #JAPAN REFLIEF! BE THE CHANGE YOU WANT TO SEE! BE!"
Many other celebs also have turned to Twitter to garner relief funds. Billboard Magazine collected a roundup of celebrities' Twitter updates about Japan, with many encouraging the use of texting to donate.
Conan O'Brien, P. Diddy, and Chris Brown also selected the Red Cross when urging their Twitter followers to take action. To make a donation of your own, check out the HuffPost's article on how to help Japan or follow the Impact links below:

domain: celebrity


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No on-field area of baseball has changed more in the past 30 years than the sophisticated (and often puzzling) use of bullpens. The development of closers and then setup men, combined with increased offense and offensive patience, has left the Durable Starter as endangered as $3 beers.
Of course, some starters still last longer than most, and occasionally allow their relievers to keep barbecuing weenies in the bullpen through the eighth and even ninth inning. If we agree for the purposes of this discussion that Durability means the ability to go deep into games -- rather than make 34-35 starts in a season -- it's these guys we're looking for.
Ask a major league executive for his choice as Most Durable Starter, and more often than not, the first image he sees is the last one he saw in October: Curt Schilling. Not only does everyone know that Schilling has pretty good stamina for modern starters, but anyone who takes the mound with blood oozing from his sutured ankle clearly gets the benefit of the doubt, moxie-wise.
But this does get a little more complicated than mere impressions. Let's step back for a moment and look at the starters who went the farthest into games, with innings as our measuring stick (and, just for fun, the pitchers who came out earliest):
A few thoughts are in order. One, Schilling indeed places third, two spots above workhorse foil Randy Johnson. Two, judging from Nos. 4 and 5 on the Fewest list, the Dodgers had better have their relievers start doing some extra calisthenics.
But most importantly, we appear to have a new, very strong candidate for Most Durable, that being Livan Hernandez, who fills up our TV screens when he's on but tends to disappear when he's off.
Exiled in Montreal and San Juan for the past two years, Hernandez elicits a round of "Oh yeah, of course!" from club personnel when his name is mentioned. Not only does he rank at the top statistically -- more on that later -- he gets the heartiest votes from executives who are always on the lookout for pitching stamina.
"He knows how to add and subtract to his pitches," one NL assistant GM said. "When he needs to muscle up and come faster, he has it. He can lighten up and leave something in the tank for later.
"He never labors. You look at his girth and you'd think he would, but it's almost like he's just having a game of catch out there. I've never seen him walk off the mound looking tired. It could be 90 degrees in Florida, and it's the fourth or fifth before he even sweats."
Hernandez has led the National League each of the last two years in innings (255 and 233 1/3) and complete games (nine and eight). Those 17 complete games are more than any other NL team has had during that span. Take that, Prior boy.
Hernandez, soon to be just 30 (according to official records), also was pretty darned good those two years, posting a combined 3.41 ERA, ninth in the league. Given that, the three-year, $21 million contract extension he signed with Montreal (now Washington) last year has become one of baseball's bargains. Some executives surveyed called it one of the most valuable veteran contracts in the game.
If teams are craving hitters who will wait through enough pitches to get to the underbelly of bullpens, those teams are just as much looking for pitchers who can take that best shot and stay in the game. Hernandez did just that -- the past three years, he has pitched more effectively from the seventh inning on (.654 OPS) than from the first through sixth (.724).
(By the way, while getting deep innings-wise is the most important part of durability, Hernandez also placed second in the majors last year in pitches per game, 112.2 to Jason Schmidt's 112.8.)
At 6-foot-2 and 245 pounds, Hernandez is indeed a little tough for people to get their arms around. "He's not the kind of guy who lights you up," one AL advance scout said. "But you can't argue with the results. If you're looking for durability, I'm not sure there's anyone better right now."
Another AL scout claimed that he would still take a healthy Josh Beckett, Kerry Wood or Mark Prior over Hernandez. "When they're on, those guys are still out there throwing great stuff after 130 pitches," he said. The scout also leaned against Schilling because, "The American League is a tougher grind as far as lineups. I don't think any AL pitcher matches up to those other guys."
Yes, National League pitchers do have the benefit of two to three easier at-bats against opposing pitchers, helping them last longer. But the scout was actually forgetting something important -- NL pitchers tend to come out of games earlier, through no fault of their own, for pinch-hitters. The average AL start lasted 5.92 innings last year, the NL 5.85. Which makes Hernandez' rising above the pack as far as he does even more impressive.
"He's not the prettiest," the NL executive said about Hernandez. "But this game ain't about pretty. It's about performance. You have to give the guy his due."
Alan Schwarz is the senior writer of Baseball America and a regular contributor to ESPN.com. His book, "The Numbers Game: Baseball's Lifelong Fascination With Statistics," is published by St. Martin's Press and can be ordered on Alan's Web site.

domain: news


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KANSAS CITY, Mo. -- Missouri lawmakers are considering doing away with tax credits used to develop low income housing.
Some fear the change would create a housing crisis in the urban core.
In the last six years, more than 1,800 homes have been created in Kansas City alone using the state's low income housing tax credit.
In Ivanhoe, the neighborhood council used state tax credits to build a dozen one-story senior cottages near 38th Street and Garfield Avenue, which opened last year.
They were all rented within two weeks and remain occupied today, an indicator of the strong demand for affordable homes in the central city.
Without the state tax credits, the neighborhood nonprofit group says none of the new homes could be built.
"No, it would not have happened," said Margaret May, president of the Ivanhoe Neighborhood Council. "We’ve got that kind of housing a number of places in the city, in the older part of the city, where it’s really needed most. It would be devastating if we didn’t have these credits anymore."
Discussion of reducing or eliminating the tax credits are part of the broader push for tax reforms in the Show-Me State.
Nonprofit developers and community development corporations told four state lawmakers at the Gem Theater Monday that revitalizing run down older neighborhoods would grind to a halt without the state incentive.
"I think it would be devastating for Kansas City to lose these incentives," said Jeff Smith of the Missouri Workforce Housing Association. "Kansas City has had a great few years. It seems to be booming. But some people get left behind in those booms. Affordable housing programs like the state low income housing tax credit help developers provide decent, safe, affordable housing and stability for those who would otherwise be homeless or in motels going to a different place every night."
Historically, the credits have had bipartisan support in Missouri.
That's because, according to the National Low Income Housing Coalition, a minimum wage worker in Missouri must work 76 hours a week to afford a modest one-bedroom apartment.

domain: sociology


The legendary UZI is the most famous and popular SMG in the world for over 50 years with sales of over 2 million units worldwide.
Since its first development, the UZI has been repeatedly optimized, upgraded and currently it continues to uphold the technological standards of the 21st century.
The Mini and Micro UZI versions are very popular weapons, developed for special units and special police entities that specialized in CQB (Close Quarters Battle).
• Magazine capacity - 25 rounds. or 32 rounds.
• Blowback operation.
• Integrated jump compensator (on barrel).
• Two modes of operation: semi-automatic\ automatic.
• Foldable butt.
• Cocking handle located on the breech block.
• Integral picatinny rail on the receiver cover.
• Additional rail for electro optic devices under the barrel.


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This week I won’t do much talking, Ivan Sciupac’s work speaks for itself. I will say if you enjoy iPhone street photography than Ivan’s got you covered in the DC metro area.
(Looking Into the Past 28 Years Later)
EC: Where are you from? Tell me about yourself?
IS: I’m an Argentiniean Jew — born in Buenos Aires, raised in Los Angeles, and now living in Washington, DC with my fiancee. I love running, baseball (go Dodgers), and eating large slaps of medium-rare beef. I hate coconut and when people say they “give 110%”.
EC: How did you get into iPhoneography?
Is: I’ve always loved taking photos, ever since my grandparents gave me a film camera for my 7th birthday and I started photographing my toys (which my mom thought was a waste of film). So when I bought an iPhone 3G back in 2008 and realized how amazing and easy it was to shoot high-quality photos with it, it re-ignited that spark. Now with an iPhone 4, I am rarely without my favorite camera, taking it on my runs, bike rides, practically everywhere.
(Going her Way)
EC: What does iPhoneography mean to you?
IS: I hope I can answer this without sounding too pretentious. I think a lot of photography is being in the moment, following your instincts, and above all else, being brave. Having an iPhone with you all the time taps into these qualities.
I love being able to take candid street photos while I’m out on my runs, or maybe setting up shots that take some time and thought to plan out. I also love the challenge of post-production work, selecting and editing my favorite photos, deciding which apps to use (or not use), and essentially creating something artistic out of something I may have only just seen a few minutes before.
EC: Can you recall the first iPhoto you took that made you go WOW, I really got something here!?
IS: Yes, it’s one I took called Down the Chute. It was Veterans’ Day 2009 and I was walking around Dupont Circle when I came upon the famously broken Dupont Metro escalators. I walked to the other side of them and instinctively took this photo. I had only started to experiment with different photo apps to edit my photos, so I ran it through Best Camera and when I saw the result, I had that “Aha!” moment and realized just how fun and artistic iPhoneography could be.
(Down the Chute)
EC: How has social media such as Twitter and Instagram helped the way you choose to share your work with others?
IS: I don’t use Twitter and I use Instagram more for its editing ability than its social media aspect, but my excitement about iPhoneography has led me to start a Tumblr blog called Here’s Looking at Euclid. Tumblr allows me not just to share my work with others easily, but it has also been a portal for me to discover other photographers and iPhoneographers.
EC: What about your hometown is so special that it makes you what to capture it through your iPhone?
IS: DC is know, naturally, for its stately monuments and memorials. And while it can be exciting to find new ways to capture something photographed millions of times, DC is also a street photographer’s dream. Much like New York City, everyone in DC walks, bikes, takes cabs, or rides public transportation. The city features lots of interesting architecture, lively and diverse neighborhoods, and a population full of character. This surprisingly sprawling street scene leads to a lot of opportunities for candid shots.
(Stairway to Lincoln)
EC: Who or what are some of your artistic influences?
IS: I was influenced early on by Sion Fullana and Dominique Jost. Over time, as my personal photography preferences evolved, I found inspiration from Jim Darling for his portrait work and John Wood for his runography shots.
For the past couple of months, as a direct result of always running with my iPhone and seeing the DC streets, I have really been into the street photography work of Anthony Danielle, Eric Kim, and Thomas Leuthard.
EC: What has been the some of the challenges of using the iPhone as a camera?
IS: The feeling of being “creepy” when taking street photography. It’s great for stealth, yes, especially when I’m pretending my iPhone is confusing me and I’m probably using the map feature. But when it’s obvious I’m taking a photo, I get lots of looks that express “What the hell?” I don’t think I would get those looks if I was using my DSLR or rangefinder.
EC: Has your work been published before, if so, where?
IS: I have had several photos published by DCist and other online magazines. But the biggest thrill was when I had “Down the Chute” selected by “Pixels At An Exhibition — The Art of the iPhone” to appear at the Giorgi Gallery last year. This exhibition was the first gallery show to feature iPhoneography exclusively, and perhaps the first to curate iPhone photos from around the world.. To see my photo printed, framed, and hung in a gallery was just awesome.
EC: What has been the most surprising or most predictable reaction from people to your iPhotographs?
IS: You took that with an iPhone? I get that reaction the most, something I’m sure many iPhoneographers have heard at some point!
(Draw Me a Picture)
EC: What’s in your iPhone camera bag? What app(s) do you currently use the most often?
IS: I started my experience with iPhoneography as an app whore, trying to accumulate as many different apps as possible in the hopes that the app would “make” the photo. I have since realized that a great photo is still created, first and foremost, by me, and that an app should really only be used to improve an already high-quality photo.
That said, I currently have 25 photo apps on my iPhone, with many more I have deleted over the years. I use Camera+ as my camera replacement app and Hipstamatic, Instagram, Pro HDR, ShakeItPhoto, and Qbro as my primary editing apps.
EC: Do you mind telling us how you have created a recent piece of iPhonographic work from start to finish? (a workflow, step by step of the photo with renditions along the way of the photos you used for the final, example below)
STEP 1 This is the original photo I took during a run through Georgetown last week. I snapped it using Camera+ and then continued on my run. When I got home, the editing choices for all my photos started.
STEP 2 Next, I opened the photo in Camera+ and applied the Clarity scene setting to give the photo some pizzazz and life. I usually will at least look at what each photo looks like in the suite of FX Effects in Camera+. In this case, though, I didn’t apply any filters to make any adjustments and saved it straight to my Camera Roll.
STEP 3 When making editing choices, part of an iPhoneographer’s strength is knowing which apps work best for the photo you took. Sometimes I’ll go through a series of apps trying to figure out which one to use, but over time I have learned what works best depending on the photo.
In the case of this Camera+-edited photo, I opened Qbro (a highly underrated square format app) and uploaded the saved photo. My intent with this shot was to keep it as natural as possible and not mask it with unnecessary editing techniques. I quickly scrolled through the various filters and choose Lomout, using the slider to adjust the effect.
STEP 4 Having become a fan of Instagram in the past couple of months, I uploaded the photo into IG and scanned the filter choices. I decided to keep it Normal despite so many great choices because I liked how it looked. Still, IG has a great Tilt-Shift feature that allows you to adjust the blur as a circle. I adjusted the blur size, geo-tagged it, and saved it to my roll. That’s it!
EC: What other thoughts would you like to share?
IS: Thanks, Edgar, for interviewing me for your blog, I honestly feel honored to share the same space as some other amazing iPhoneographers!
Thank you Ivan for participating in this feature here on iPhoneogenic, iPhoneogenic Facebook Page, and on Twitter @iPhone0genic. I’m pleased and very honored to have you on my blog.
For more on Ivan check out these links:
All images shown here are copyrighted property of the artist, please contact Ivan Sciupac for copyright privileges.


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PGTI Players Championship in Mewat from tomorrow
- Highest earners in 75% rural households earned below Rs 5K: SECC
- Ex-RAW chief's revelation: Congress seeks PM's apology for Gujarat riots
- Hema Malini's car accident: Victim's family upset with BJP MP
- Kandahar operation: BJP dismisses ex-RAW chief's claims of 'goof-up'
- Gujarat HC dismisses petition against PM Narendra Modi for filing defective affidavit
Star golfer Shamim Khan will begin the defence of his title at the PGTI Players Championship, beginning from tomorrow.
The event which will also feature Mukesh Kumar, Chiragh Kumar, Ashok Kumar, will be played at the Classic Golf Resort, in Mewat, Haryana.
Other players to feature in Rs 25 lakh event include Sri Lankan Mithun Perera, Harendra Gupta, Om Prakash Chouhan and Rashid Khan and C Muniyappa.


Micro Spider® is a fully loaded, battery-powered addition to the Spider® family of amplifiers. At home, on vacation or in the back of the tour bus, Micro Spider is the portable amp you can truly rely on for brilliant on-the-go tones and effects for electric guitars, acoustic guitars and vocals.
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text: This story pops up at www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121130151606.htm … and at http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2012/11/native-americans-and-… (and various other sites). To a certain extent this amounts to a recycling of old news as it has been recognised that one strand of Palaeolithic people entered Europe from the NE direction (see for example Clive Finlayson, The Humans that went Extinct, Oxford University Press: 2009). Even early genetic research tended to suggest there was a mixing of humans somewhere in central Asia and this appears to be what is indicated here. It all happened many thousands of years ago but the Late Glacial Maximum probably had some kind of effect, humans in Europe moving further south and eastwards, to Iberia, North Africa, and the Caucasus. However, this group appear to have an origin somewhere near the Altai Mountains – or possibly further north, around Lake Baikal. They passed on their genes to people that fanned out both east and westwards, northern Europeans and Native Americans. The findings are published in the journal Genetics (november 2012) but the key appears to be the last Ice Age. In other words, research into our genes does not only impact on medical science but it can help plot human movements around the globe.

domain: biology


KRISHNAGIRI: In a worrying trend, cases of teenage pregnancy have been constantly on the rise in Krishnagiri district. During 2015-2020, a total of 3,326 cases had been reported, whereas only 228 child marriages were stopped, an RTI reply has revealed.
S Prabakar, a social activist who received the RTI reply, said 830 teenage pregnancy cases were registered in 2020 amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, which is significantly higher than the 650 registered in 2019. From 246 in 2015, the number rose to 830 in 2020. The district reported 352 cases in 2016, 572 in 2017, 676 in 2018 and 650 in 2019.
Of the 10 blocks in the district, Kaveripattinam recorded the higher number of cases each year -- a total of 729 cases in six years, followed by Krishnagiri (348) and Kelamangalam (330). Veppanahalli (133) and Krishnagiri Urban PHC (103) blocks registered the least number of cases.
Prabhakar said a separate official should be appointed to prevent child marriage The District Social Welfare Officer, who is also the Child Marriage Prohibition Officer, has to work on many schemes and hence, child marriage could not be prevented in many places, he said.
J Shiyam Sundar, a child rights activist and director of the NGO - Institute of Social Education, said, "The data is alarming as only 228 child marriages had been prevented in six years and not even a single case had been registered against child marriage in that period."
On the high number of teenage pregnancy cases in Krishnagiri and Kaveripattinam blocks, Deputy Director of Health Services V Govindan said agriculture and construction workers, who are in sizable numbers in the two blocks, considered girl child as a burden. "By getting the girls married early, they think their responsibility will be over," he said.
Child marriage and teenage pregnancy cases could not be prevented in the Krishnagiri as the block had a large rural population, said Block Medical Officer (BMO) K Suchitra. Her counterpart in Kaveripattinam R Thamaraiselvi said more such cases had been witnessed in Barur and Pannandhur areas in the block. "A few corrections are needed to be made in the data on teenage pregnancy cases as sometimes our staff would have entered the wrong age without verifying both Aadhaar card and school transfer certificate," she added.
V Ramaraj, a member of Tamil Nadu Commission for Protection of Child Rights (TNCPCR), said, to eradicate teenage pregnancies and other crimes against children, the six-tier child protection committees should be strengthened by bringing it under the Juvenile Justice Act through an amendment. The State has the authority to amend the Act as the subject concerning children came under concurrent list, he added.
A Social Welfare department official said, when he checked one year data of Shoolagiri block by verifying their age with class X mark sheet, half of the data about teenage pregnancy was wrong.


text:
Sika AG is acquiring Romanshorn-based plastic products manufacturer Biro Edwin Bischof AG. Biro produces injection-moulded parts for the European automotive industry on behalf of customers including Sika. The company generated sales of CHF 35 million in 2010 and employs approximately 150 people.
Sika AG, headquartered in Baar, is acquiring Biro Edwin Bischof AG, the Romanshorn-based plastic products manufacturer with strong skills in multi-component injection moulding. Biro Edwin Bischof AG produces components for the European automotive industry on behalf of Sika, including sound absorbing parts and reinforcers for bodywork structures.
Biro Edwin Bischof AG was founded by Edwin Bischof in 1962. Today 55 percent of the company’s output is destined for the automotive industry. The vast majority of these parts are produced for Sika. Biro Edwin Bischof AG has come under increasing pressure in recent years as a result of the financial and business crisis. The acquisition will put it on a new financial footing and avoid a situation that would threaten its continued existence.
Biro Edwin Bischof AG has been producing parts for the automotive industry on Sika’s behalf for over ten years. By acquiring the company, Sika is therefore ensuring that production will continue and Sika’s various supply commitments to its partners will be upheld. Sika will work with the management team at Biro Edwin Bischof AG to realign the company and take restructuring steps wherever necessary. The aim is to return the company to the black and establish the site as a European centre of excellence for injection moulding.


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text:
The remarried empress / original story by Alphatart ; art by Sumpul ; adapted by Herelee ; translation by Webtoon ; lettering by Chiho Christie.
"Navier Ellie Trovi was the lifelong companion of Sovieshu, the emperor of the Eastern Empire, with whom she spent her youth discussing the empire they would build together. She was intelligent, compassionate, and courageous. She was the perfect empress of the Eastern Empire, until the day Sovieshu fell for another woman, demanding a divorce. However, it was Navier who shocked Sovieshu, his beloved mistress, and a speechless court as she coldly declared: "I accept this divorce...and request an approval of my remarriage!" -- Publisher marketing.
- ISBN: 9798400900051 (volume 1 ; paperback)
- ISBN: 9798400900068 (volume 2 ; paperback)
- ISBN: 9798400900341 (volume 3 ; paperback)
- ISBN: 9798400900365 (volume 4 ; paperback)
- Physical Description: volumes : color illustrations ; 21 cm.
- Publisher: New York : Ize Press, -
Translation of: Jaehon huang.
|Target Audience Note:||
Rated: T for Teen.
Translated from the Japanese.
|Source of Description Note:||
Description based on volume 1.
Search for related items by subject
- 11 of 21 copies available at Kenton County.
- 1 current hold with 21 total copies.
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|Location||Call Number / Copy Notes||Part||Barcode||Shelving Location||Status||Due Date|
|Covington Branch||741.5952 R384a (Text)||v.1||33126022798163||YA Graphic Novels||Available||-|
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domain: library


Do you know Sierra Furtado? If you do not know then you are reading the right post to know, she is the most viral personality these days who is a Youtube content creator, actress, vlogger, and social media personality, she’s from Montreal, Quebec. Nowadays she is on the top and being the headline of the news and numbers of articles. She got famous on the internet by posting her videos on her own Youtube channel, she has gained almost 2.64 million subscribers. For more such interesting facts keep pace with us, you will come to know her career, age, height, weight, and net worth. So let’s move forward to know.
Who is Sierra Furtado?
She is one of the most trending personalities on the internet. She is an actress, vlogger, social media personality, who was born on the 24rth of Sep in 1993. She has collected millions of fan followers on her social media accounts in millions. She is pretty active on social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Her videos have got millions of views on Youtube such as Official Girls Night In Tour Dairy, and What I Got For Christmas. She has also won as Featured on Young Hollywood and 3 Youtuber React in 2016.
Sierra Furtado Wiki
Name: Sierra Furtado
Date of Birth: Sep 24, 1993
Birthplace: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Age: 27 years old
Occupation: Actress, Writer, and YouTube content creator
Sun Sign: NA
Net Worth: $700,000 USD,
Sierra Furtado Career
Most of the time, she is known for entertaining her fans through her videos and vlogs, such as DIYs, makeup, fashion, and vlogs related to videos. As per the information she made her debut on the 29th of Dec in 2012, on the social media platform with the video “What O Got For Christmas 2012”. Her first video that has more than 1.1 million views is “Morning Routine” and her content “Draw My Life Bag” also got more than 1.2 million.
Sierra Furtado Height
As per her date of birth, she has been 27 years old as of 2020, talking about her physical appearance then her height is 5 feet 4 inches and her weight is 48 kg. She is one of the beautiful woman, who has attracted millions of followers on her social media sites. Her body measurement is 32-23-33. Her hair color is Brown and her eye color is Blue.
Sierra Furtado Family
She was born in 1993, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Her parenting was done by her parents, her father’s name is Angelo Furtado and her mother’s name is Louise Furtado. When she was so young her parents were separated from each other. After the separation, her mother started an extramarital affair with someone at her workplace. She used to work as a mechanic. She also has siblings, her stepbrother’s name is Corbin, and her sister’s name is Amanda Furtado.
Sierra Furtado Net Worth
As per the source, her net worth is $700,000 USD, as of 2020. She earns monthly $39000, she is growing every day, and her source of income is Youtube, Ad-revenue, sometimes she also does brand endorsements. She wears branded clothes.


text:
ChristianaCare and the Delaware Department of Public Health recently offered preventive screenings, vaccinations and overdose prevention kits at a special event at Beautiful Gate Outreach Center in Wilmington, Delaware. Beautiful Gate, part of the Bethel AME Church’s AIDS Task Force ministry, is nationally known for HIV education, counseling, testing and supportive services for community members with HIV infection.
About 125 people attended the fall event, said Brian Wharton, MSN, RN, CPEN, CPST, operations manager of the William J. Holloway Community Program at ChristianaCare.
“The Holloway Community program and Beautiful Gate have been partners in bringing HIV care and prevention into the community for the past 15 years,” he said.
“The beauty of having health services in a faith-based agency partnership is that community members feel safe and will access care there. By providing health care and education in our community, we can help our neighbors flourish.”
Together, the ChristianaCare health team and a local pharmacy provided 26 mpox vaccines to protect against monkeypox, 81 flu vaccinations and 48 COVID-19 vaccinations to community members.
The team distributed 63 opioid overdose reversal kits and training on the use of naloxone, a life-saving medication that can reverse an overdose from opioids, including heroin, fentanyl, and prescription opioid medications, when given in time. Naloxone is easy to use and small to carry.
The event included free blood pressure screenings, healthy sleep screenings for community members and information on cancer prevention and screenings.
Watch ChristianaCare’s events calendar for more health events and classes.

domain: health


text:
SOLD OUT SHOW
Having toured Australia just last year, cousins Ruby da Cherry and $lick $loth, aka $UICIDEBOY$, are a dark blend of horrorcore glitch-trap beats, booming basslines and occultish, drugged-out rhymes, making waves around the world with their truly unique mix of synth-laden beats and misanthropic, dark verses.
Growing up together, Ruby and $lick shared very different tastes in music; Ruby taking lessons from Minor Threat, Leftover Crack and The Misfits, while $lick (aka Suicide Christ) pursued the art of turntablism, while honing his skills as a songwriter. Worlds collided as the New Orleans rap duo joined their creative forces in 2014 to form the juggernaut that is $UICIDEBOY$.
$UICIDEBOY$ then set about claiming the crown of ‘hardest working two-piece in the game’. Hard work and talent saw them swiftly noticed by G59 Records who signed them to get to work releasing the ambitious 2016 ten-part album series, “Kill Your$elf”, to the praise of the hip-hop underworld. Back from the road with SXSW and a slew of international shows under their belt, the boys aren’t messing around, recording close to 30 EP’s and albums in only two years. Their 29th release, “Radical $uicide” arrived in July 2016 and quickly gained attention peaking at #17 on the Billboard Rap Charts.
Live Nation Presale: Fri 24 Aug, 10am > Sun 24 Aug 5pm
Venue/Ticket Agent Presale: Fri 24 Aug, 10am > Sun 26 Aug 5pm
General Public On Sale: Mon 27 Aug, 10am
General Admission: $69.90 + BF
Tickets via Oztix and Ticketmaster.
GRAND BALLROOM | ALL AGES | THURSDAY 10TH JANUARY 2019


Micrel, Inc. introduced the MIC4414/15, two low-side MOSFET drivers designed to switch an N-Channel enhancement-mode MOSFET in low-side applications. The devices are ideal for switch-mode power supplies, solenoid drivers and motor-driver applications. The MIC4414/15 are currently available in volume, and pricing starts at $0.43 for 1K quantity.
The MIC4414/15 series features a tiny 4-pin 1.2mm x 1.2mm thin QFN package and a 4.5 to 18V operating supply voltage range. It can sink and source peak currents up to 1.5A and is capable of switching a 1000pF load in 12ns. Operating at a low steady-state supply current, the devices feature 77µA control input low and 445 µA control input high. The device operates at -40C to +125C-degrees junction temperature range.
About Micrel, Inc.


Executive Partner Robert Spolzino (White Plains) scored a major victory on Friday in the New York Court of Appeals – New York’s highest court – sustaining his prior win in the Appellate Division, Second Department, overturning the term limits law in the Town of Clarkstown, Rockland County.
Representing the Town’s Supervisor, George Hoehmann, Spolzino argued successfully that the term limits law, which had been adopted in 2014 and would have barred Hoehmann from seeking a fifth two-year term, had never been duly adopted because the Town had never held the required public referendum on the law.
Overcoming the assertion by two Town Council Members that it was too late to challenge the law in 2022, Spolzino convinced the Court of Appeals that the legal framework within which courts had previously analyzed statute of limitations issues with respect to local laws – that procedural failures must be raised within four months and substantive issues must be raised within six years – did not apply here because one of the two acts required to adopt the law, the approval of the town’s electors at a referendum, had never taken place and, as the Court of Appeals stated, “a law cannot become operative through the mere passage of time.”
The Decision from the Court of Appeals is memorialized here.
Additional coverage on the matter can be found at the links below.


text:
Restoring Our World Soul
Lieferbar innert 2 Wochen
BeschreibungWhat to do to set our world right again? The author posits that it's less about getting it "right" and more about standing back long enough, to "see" together what at the core of our global noise is agitating and demanding our attention. Getting at the root of these disturbances, we can move past the posturing and the grabs for power, and get serious about preserving the inalienable "Rights of Life" (that is, liberty, meaning, dignity, and realization of potential) that all world peoples possess. We can create conditions within which the ideals of equality, justice, and peace can progressively be made real in our world.
Creating such conditions is possible, in proportion to our will to re-position, to get out front, and to implant the less divisive "sensibilities of soul" into the heart of our global politic, and into the very soil of our nations. Approaching our historical dilemmas through the lens of these sensibilities (identified in the book), and convening our United Nations around their demands, our recycling and projections of fear can be calmed.
There is indeed a way to get beyond the politics of "right" and to turn the tide on problems that remain stubbornly resistant to clinical, religious, and military intervention.
100% of proceeds go to Tashinga Women Trust, an apolitical, independent, economic initiative for women in Zimbabwe.
PortraitDr. Colleen Mac Dougall is a mature, global psychologist who uses her psycho-theological knowledge and skill, and her keen observation of world events, to draw out the meta patterns that exist in our global disturbances. She speaks to how we can use our collective will to help move us toward a worldview that holds the inalienable Rights of Life as the cause worth revolutionizing around. To be an emissary of Life is her work. Retired from active practice, she has intentionally created space in her life to bring this work into its more global context. Preparing a new generation of leaders, and mentoring those ready to lead their cultures and institutions through the noise and toward a more expansive vision, is her professional legacy. She works under the umbrella of her company, Leadership for Life Institute. She continues to search out global partners to align her efforts with, where there is both resonance and where divergent knowledge and perspective helps create conditions wherein the ideals of equality, justice, and peace can be made real.
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Erscheinungsdatum: Oktober 2012
Seitenanzahl: 156 Seiten


Your home comfort system is most likely the single biggest use of energy in your home. In fact, over a third of the energy used in the United States is used to heat and cool buildings. Having a properly designed and installed heating and air conditioning system will have the biggest impact on your energy costs.
Installing new fixtures is extremely important, doing it right the first time will save you headaches and money. That’s why you should call Aranda's Plumbing, Heating & Supply, Inc for all your new installation projects. As professional, licensed plumbers, we get your job done right the first time.
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text:
“You’re going to have to have a level of security greater than you did back in the olden days”
April 23, 2013
New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg has said that the interpretation of the US Constitution will “have to change” in the wake of the Boston terrorist bombing in order to allow for greater security to prevent more attacks.
“The people who are worried about privacy have a legitimate worry,” Bloomberg said during a press conference in Midtown.
“But we live in a complex word where you’re going to have to have a level of security greater than you did back in the olden days, if you will. And our laws and our interpretation of the Constitution, I think, have to change.”
“Look, we live in a very dangerous world. We know there are people who want to take away our freedoms. New Yorkers probably know that as much if not more than anybody else after the terrible tragedy of 9/11,” he added.
Bloomberg, who has repeatedly been targeted by critics over his own nanny state push in recent months, also stated that more surveillance in big cities would be necessary, if that is at all possible.
“We have to understand that in the world going forward, we’re going to have more cameras and that kind of stuff. That’s good in some sense, but it’s different from what we are used to,” Bloomberg said.
Bloomberg also once again attacked the Second Amendment, noting “Clearly the Supreme Court has recognized that you have to have different interpretations of the Second Amendment and what it applies to and reasonable gun laws … Here we’re going to to have to live with reasonable levels of security.”
Bloomberg has become synonymous with violation of the Constitution. In the past year he has been overseen police beating on peaceful protesters, a huge increase in stop and frisk tactics, specifically targeting black and Hispanic communities, and running a secret spying program against innocent Muslims.
Bloomberg has spent over $12 million dollars in TV ads alone this year to campaign for strict gun control legislation.
He envisages military style surveillance drones hovering over New York, fitted with facial recognition software. He described opposition to the idea as “it’s this craziness– oh, it’s big brother,” and said people should just “Get used to it.”
Bloomberg has even taken his police state vision to a micro level in banning smoking in public, and attempting to ban trans-fats, large sugary drinks and Styrofoam cups.
Further addressing his proposed changes to the Constitution, Bloomberg added “It really says something bad about us that we have to do it. But our obligation first and foremost is to keep our kids safe in the schools.”
“First and foremost, to keep you safe if you go to a sporting event; first and foremost is to keep you safe if you walk down the streets or go into our parks,” Bloomberg said. “We cannot let the terrorists put us in a situation where we can’t do those things. And the ways to do that is to provide what we think is an appropriate level of protection.”
Bloomberg then stated that after changing the Constitution and watering down the Second Amendment, it would be foolish to give away freedoms.
“What we cant do is let the protection get in the way of us enjoying our freedoms,” he said. “That would let the terrorists win. That’s what they want us to do.”
Benjamin Franklin warned Americans that they should never trade liberty for greater security. No matter, as far as Bloomberg is concerned, because Franklin and the Founding Fathers lived in the “olden days”.
Steve Watson is the London based writer and editor for Alex Jones’ Infowars.com, and Prisonplanet.com. He has a Masters Degree in International Relations from the School of Politics at The University of Nottingham, and a Bachelor Of Arts Degree in Literature and Creative Writing from Nottingham Trent University.


text:
Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read.
Start by marking “Bob Dylan - Harmonica” as Want to Read:
Bob Dylan - Harmonica
30 all time great songs by Bob Dylan arranged for harmonica. As you go through the book, the music is progressively more challenging. The first 24 tunes are for both diatonic and chromatic harmonica players, while the final 6 can only be played on 12-hole chromatic harmonicas. Learn how to play "I Want You," "Lay, Lady Lay," "Simple Twist of Fate," "Tangled Up in Blue," an ...more
Paperback, 56 pages
Published February 1st 1996 by Music Sales America
(first published 1996)
To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up.
(showing 1-7 of 7)
Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman) is an American singer-songwriter, author, musician, poet, and, of late, disc jockey who has been a major figure in popular music for five decades. Much of Dylan's most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became an informal chronicler and a reluctant figurehead of American unrest. A number of his songs, such as "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Times T ...moreMore about Bob Dylan...


text:
A Community Newspaper for the way we live
Canadian politics, activism, and resistance
Let's raise the issue, but lower the temperature.
Vision | Dedication | Responsibility / A Mayor for Everyone
Politics, War, People, Poverty, Human Rights, Pollution
What really happened in the 1960s in a world right next door...
The Art and Craft of Blogging
The latest news on WordPress.com and the WordPress community.


text:
|IRISH SODA BREAD
- Put oatmeal in food processor, pulse until finely ground.
- Pour into large bowl, add rest of ingredients through caraway seeds, mix well.
- Pour buttermilk in and stir quickly until well combined.
- Shape dough into round ball (about 6" in diameter). Put on baking sheet.
- Place in top half of oven and bake 30 to 40 minutes until lightly browned on top. When you tap the top it will sound hollow. Remove from oven and allow to cool.
- Make Irish soda bread or purchase store bought.
- Slice half of it into thin slices, about 1/4" wide.
- Cut each slice into 2 or 3 rough squares getting 16 pieces.
- Wrap remaining bread in plastic to enjoy another time.
- Spread approximately 1/2 tablespoon cream cheese spread on bread slices. Top each with a bit of smoked salmon, garnish with dill.
- Enjoy chilled or at room temperature.
|Prep Time: 25 minutes|
Cook Time: 40 minutes
Container: large serving platter
Serving Size: 2 pieces
|-|| IRISH SODA BREAD|
|-||1/2 cup oatmeal |
|-||1 1/2 cups flour |
|-||1/4 cup sugar |
|-||3/4 teaspoon baking soda |
|-||1 teaspoon salt |
|-||1 cup raisins |
|-||1 tablespoon caraway seeds|
|-||3/4 cup buttermilk |
|-||1 loaf Irish soda bread|
|-||1 package whipped cream cheese with chives and onion|
|-||8 ounces smoked salmon, broken up or sliced thin|
|-|| Dried dill for garnish|

domain: food