text:
Emotional intelligence in schizophrenia
Kimmy S. Keea,b,c,⁎, William P. Horanb,c, Peter Saloveyd, Robert S. Kernb,c, Mark J. Sergic,e,
Alan P. Fiskef, Junghee Leeb,c, Kenneth L. Subotnikb, Keith Nuechterleinb,g,
Catherine A. Sugarh, Michael F. Greenb,c
aPsychology Program, California State University Channel Islands, USA
bDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, USA
cVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System VISN22 MIRECC, USA
dYale College Dean's Office and Department of Psychology, Yale University, USA
eDepartment of Psychology, California State University, Northridge, USA
fDepartment of Anthropology; Center for Culture, Brain, and Development; and Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
gDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
hDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
a r t i c l ei n f o a b s t r a c t
Received 20 February 2008
Received in revised form 30 July 2008
Accepted 1 August 2008
Available online 21 September 2008
Background: Deficits in emotion perception have been extensively documented in
schizophrenia and are associated with poor psychosocial functioning. However, little is
known about other aspects of emotion processing that are critical for adaptive functioning. The
current study assessed schizophrenia patients' performance on a theoretically-based, well-
validated, multidimensional measure of emotional intelligence, the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso
Emotional Intelligence Test (Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D.R., 2002. Mayer–Salovey–Caruso
Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT): User's Manual. Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto,
Methods: 50 schizophrenia outpatients and 39 non-psychiatric controls completed the MSCEIT,
a performance measure comprised of subtests that assess four components (branches) of
emotional intelligence: Identifying, Using, Understanding, and Managing Emotions. Among
patients, associations between MSCEIT scores and measures of clinical symptoms as well as
functional outcome were evaluated.
Results: The MSCEIT demonstrated good psychometric properties in both groups.
Schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse than controls on the total MSCEIT
score, and on three of the four subtests: Identifying, Understanding, and Managing Emotions.
Among patients, lower MSCEIT scores significantly correlated with higher negative and
disorganized symptoms, as well as worse community functioning.
Conclusions: The MSCEIT is a useful tool for investigating emotion processing in schizophrenia.
Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate deficits across multiple domains of emotion
processing. These deficits have significant links with clinical symptoms of schizophrenia and
between emotional intelligence, clinical symptoms, and functional outcome in schizophrenia.
© 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Disturbances in social cognition are increasingly recog-
nized as common, clinically important features of schizo-
phrenia (Penn et al., 2006). Social cognition encompasses a
Schizophrenia Research 107 (2009) 61–68
⁎ Corresponding author. VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,11301
Wilshire Blvd. (MIRECC 210A), Building 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. Tel.:
+1 310 478 4711x49221; fax: +1 310 268 4056.
E-mail address: email@example.com (K.S. Kee).
0920-9964/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/schres
wide range of processes that are required for adaptive
functioning, including perceiving, interpreting, and respond-
ing to the behaviors, emotions, and intentions of others
(Brothers, 1990; Fiske and Taylor, 1991; Adolphs, 2001).
In basic behavioral science research, the domain of social
cognition encompasses a broad array of social learning,
perceptual, and cognitive phenomena, such as vicarious
learning, perceived self-efficacy, locus of control, self-
regulation (Mischel, 1973), and human agency (Bandura,
2006). Research on social cognition in schizophrenia has
centered on five systems: emotion processing, social percep-
tion, social knowledge, theory of mind, and attributional
style (Green et al., 2005). The clinical importance of
disturbances in these areas is demonstrated by their
significant associations with various aspects of poor func-
tional outcome, such as success in psychosocial rehabilita-
tion programs and functioning in the areas of social
relationships, independent living, and work/school endea-
vors (Couture et al., 2006). Furthermore, there is emerging
evidence that social cognitive deficits mediate the well-
established link between basic (non-social) cognition and
psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia (Addington et al.,
2006; Brekke et al., 2005; Sergi et al., 2006; Vauth et al.,
2004). Thus, a deeper understanding of the scope and
clinical correlates of social cognitive deficits in schizophre-
nia can help identify rational targets for new treatments to
improve emotion processing and functional outcome.
The most extensively studied aspect of social cognition in
schizophrenia is emotion processing, which refers broadly to
perceiving, understanding, and managing emotion in oneself
and others (e.g., Green et al., in press). Schizophrenia research
has focused almost exclusively on emotion perception (the
ability to detect emotion information from others' facial
expressions), vocal inflections, or a combination of these cues.
This is most commonly assessed by asking research partici-
pants to identify prototypical emotions expressed in static
pictures of faces or recordings of voices (e.g., happy, sad,
angry, afraid, surprised, disgusted, ashamed). Schizophrenia
patients have repeatedly shown poorer performance than
healthy controls on these types of tasks (for a review see
Edwards et al., 2002). Among patients, performance on these
types of tasks has sometimes, but not consistently, shown
significant relationships to certain clinical symptoms
(Edwards et al., 2002; Bozikas et al., 2004). However,
impairment on these tasks is consistently associated with
poor community functioning, particularly in the areas of
independent living and work functioning (Kee et al., 2003;
Couture et al., 2006).
Although there is general agreement that disturbances in
emotion processing are an important element of the social
cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, research in this area is
limited by two related issues, one conceptual and one
methodological. First, although the concept of emotion
processing is quite broad, schizophrenia research has nar-
rowly focused on emotion perception. This is primarily
attributable to the fact that until recently basic social
cognitive and affective scientists have not developed or tested
theoretical models of the key components of emotion
processing. Second, schizophrenia researchers have often
used idiosyncratic emotion processing measures that have
substantial psychometric limitations (e.g., ceiling effects, low
reliability) and questionable ecological validity. A theoreti-
cally-based, psychometrically sound measure that assesses
the broader construct of emotion processing would greatly
facilitate research in this area.
In recent years, social cognitive and affective scientists
have made considerable advances in defining key emotion
processing components and developing instruments to assess
them. One particularly influential framework is emotional
2001; Salovey and Grewal, 2005; Salovey and Mayer, 1990).
The EI model comprises four interrelated emotion processing
abilities or skill “branches”: (a) Perceiving emotions: the
ability to perceive accurately, appraise, and express emotion;
(b) Using Emotions: the ability to access and/or generate
feelings when they facilitate thought; (c) Understanding
Emotions: the ability to understand emotion language and
knowledge about emotions; (d) Managing Emotions: the
ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and
intellectual growth in oneself or other people (Mayer and
Salovey, 1997). Branches 1 and 3 involve reasoning about
emotions, whereas branches 2 and 4 involve Using Emotions
To evaluate this model, Mayer et al. developed a multi-
dimensional, task-based, ability measure called the Mayer–
Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test 2.0 (MSCEIT;
Mayer et al., 2002). The MSCEIT and its predecessors are
based on the idea that emotional intelligence involves
problem solving with and about emotions. The test yields
total and branch scores, based on either consensus or expert
scoring, and has a factor structure consistent with the four-
branch model (Brackett and Mayer, 2001). The reliability and
validity of the MSCEIT have been extensively documented in
non-clinical populations (Mayer et al., 2003). For example,
MSCEIT data collected from 2112 adults indicated that this
test has very good internal consistency, with an alpha
coefficient of .91 for the total scale, and short-term (two
week) test–retest reliability (r=0.86; Brackett and Mayer,
2001). It assesses abilities that are separable from traditional
measures of general intellectual ability, personality traits, and
self-report measures of emotional competence (e.g., Brackett
and Mayer, 2003; Lopes et al., 2003). In addition, higher
MSCEIT scores are associated with higher levels of adaptive
functioning across a variety of domains, including relation-
ships with parents, friends, and romantic partners (Lopes
et al., 2004, 2005), interpersonal effectiveness (Rode et al.,
2007), success in the workplace (Lopes et al., 2006), academic
success (Brackett et al., 2004), and various health-related
outcomes (see Mayer et al., 2008 for a thorough summary).
Importantly, the MSCEIT demonstrates good incremental
validity, showing relationships with various indices of
adaptive functioning above and beyond the effects of general
IQ or personality measures (e.g., Brackett and Mayer, 2003;
Mayer et al., 2003).
Although promising in its potential, we know almost
nothing about the utility of the MSCEIT for assessing emotion
processing in individuals with severe mental illnesses. One
study by Eack et al. (2007) utilized the MSCEIT to examine the
in schizophrenia. However, that study did not include healthy
comparisons subjects or examine whether MSCEIT scores
were related to clinically relevant features of schizophrenia.
K.S. Kee et al. / Schizophrenia Research 107 (2009) 61–68
The current study was designed to address three research
1. Do community-dwelling schizophrenia outpatients differ
from non-psychiatric controls in their level of performance
across the broad scope of emotion processes as assessed
using the MSCEIT?
2. Are the MSCEIT scores associated with clinical symptoms?
3. Are the MSCEIT scores associated with community func-
tioning in patients?
Based on the existing literature on emotionperception, we
expected patients to perform worse than controls on the
Identifying Emotions branch of the MSCEIT. The emotional
processes that are measured by the other MSCEIT branches
have not previously been examined in schizophrenia. Thus,
we viewed these examinations as exploratory.
Fifty chronic schizophrenia outpatients and 39 non-
patient controls were part of a project within the UCLA
Center for Neurocognition and Emotion in Schizophrenia (K.
H. Nuechterlein, Center P.I. and M. F. Green, Project P.I.). All
patients met criteria for schizophrenia disorder based on the
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID; First et al.,
Non-patient controls were screened with the SCID-I,
relevant sections of the SCID-II (First et al., 1996b), and the
positive symptom section of the Structured Interview for
Prodromal States (SIPS; Miller et al.,1999), and were excluded
if they met criteria for a historyof any DSM-IV Axis I Psychotic
Disorder, any schizophrenia-spectrum disorder Axis II Dis-
order (i.e., paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid, and/or avoidant
personality disorder), or any of the positive symptoms (P1–
P5) of the SIPS rated “3” or higher during the past year.
Potential control subjects were also excluded for a history of
any of the following: major depression disorder that was
ongoing, recurrent, or a single episode that lasted longer than
one year; bipolar disorder; obsessive–compulsive disorder;
post-traumatic stress disorder; and alcohol/substance depen-
Additional exclusion criteria for all participants included:
active substance use disorder in the past six months,
identifiable neurological disorder, significant head injury, or
pregnancyat the time of recruitment. Diagnostic interviewers
were trained to a minimum Kappa of 0.75 for rating psychotic
and mood symptoms. Informed consent was obtained from
each participant using both written materials and verbal
description. This study was approved by the Institutional
Review Board of University of California Los Angeles.
2.2. Measures and procedures
All participants received the assessment of emotion
processing with the MSCEIT. In addition, data were collected
on general psychosocial outcome and psychiatric symptoms
in the schizophrenia group.Testing forall measures tookupto
120 min for schizophrenia patients and 30 min for normal
controls (who did not receive functional outcome assess-
ments or ratings of psychiatric symptoms). The test battery
included the following:
2.2.1. Emotional intelligence test
The MSCEIT is a self-report instrument that consists of 141
items and 8 ability subscales, which assess four components
(branches) of emotion processing. The first branch, Identify-
ing Emotions, has 2 subscales measuring emotion perception
in faces and pictures. For example, toidentifyemotions from a
face, subjects were asked to indicate the degree towhich each
of five feelings (e.g., happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and
disgust) was expressed by a color photograph of a human
The second branch, Using Emotions (to facilitate cogni-
tion), contains 2 subscales examining how mood enhances
thinking and reasoning, and which emotions are associated
with which sensations. For example, subjects were asked to
evaluate the usefulness of 3 different emotions (e.g., happi-
ness, surprise, and sadness) that best assisted a specific
cognitive task and behavior, such as: “What mood(s) might be
helpful to feel when figuring out what caused a fight among
three young children?”
The third branch, Understanding Emotions, has 2 sub-
scales that measure the ability to comprehend emotional
information, including blends and changes between and
among emotions. For example, to assess understanding of
the progressions of emotion, participants were asked to select
which oneof fiveemotions best describeda situation, such as:
“Matt had been hurt by one of his friends and was feeling
angry. Matt told his friend how he felt, and when the friend
did it again, Matt became _____.” The choices were 1 = angry;
2 = fearful; 3 = very annoyed; 4 = worried; and 5 = enraged.
The last branch, Managing Emotions, has 2 subscales that
examine the regulation of emotions in oneself and in one's
relationships with others. These subscales include vignettes
of various situations, along with ways to cope with the
emotions depicted in these vignettes. Subjects were required
to indicate the effectiveness of each solution, ranging from 1
(very ineffective) to 5 (very effective).
The MSCEIT was administered to schizophrenia patients
and normal controls individually. Each participant received a
booklet that contained all necessary instructions, test items,
andresponses.Responsesincluded 5-pointLikert ratings with
specific anchor points for some items and a 5-item multiple-
choice format for others. These responses could be scored
either by using the general consensus of lay persons or expert
norms, with a mean scale of 100 (SD=15). For the current
study, the MSCEIT scores were derived using the general
consensus approach (see Mayer et al., 2003 for more
information about these scoring alternatives and their
2.2.2. Clinical rating scales
Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Scale for
the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS; Andreasen,
1984a) and Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms
(SAPS; Andreasen, 1984b). All raters received extensive
training on these measures to ensure a minimum Intraclass
Coefficient (ICC) of 0.75. From the SANS, four global subscale
scores (rated from 0 (symptom absent) to 5 (symptom severe)
were used in the current study: affective flattening, alogia,
K.S. Kee et al. / Schizophrenia Research 107 (2009) 61–68
anhedonia–asociality, and avolition–apathy. The SANS Atten-
tion scale was not included in the current analyses given
findings suggesting that this scale is not conceptually related
to the negative symptom complex (e.g., Blanchard and Cohen,
2006). From the SAPS, global scores from the hallucinations,
delusions, bizarre behavior, and thought disorder subscales
2.2.3. Psychosocial outcome measures
General psychosocial functioning was assessed using two
measures: the Role Functioning Scale (RFS; McPheeters,1984)
and the UCLA Social Attainment Scale (SAS; Goldstein, 1978).
The Role Functioning Scale (RFS) measures four major
domains of participants' functioning in everyday life. The
domains are work productivity, independent living/self-care,
relationships with family and spouse, and relationships with
friends, each rated on specific anchor points ranging from 1
(severely limited functioning) to 7 (optimal functioning). The
RFS has sound psychometric properties (Goodman et al.,
1993) and has been used widely in service outcome studies in
schizophrenia (e.g., Brekke and Long, 2000; Brekke et al.,
1997; Greenand Gracely,1987). Examples of anchor points for
the family relationships component include: 1 = no contact
with any family members or severely deviant behaviors
within family network; 4 = relationships were often minimal
and fluctuate in quality (contact once a month); and 7 =
positive relationships with several family members and
assertively contributed to these relationships. For the current
study, the RFS ratings were completed based on the
Community Assessment of Functioning, which is a compre-
hensive semi-structure interview that assesses several
aspects of community functioning.
The 7-item UCLA Social Attainment Scale (SAS) assesses
patients' psychosocial adjustment in the following domains:
same sex relationship, romantic relationship, leadership,
dating history, sexual experience, participation in outside
activities, and participation in organizations. Each item was
rated from 1 (poor) to 5 (superior). For this study, a composite
of current psychosocial adjustment index was calculated
based on the seven domains.
3.1. Participant characteristics
Demographic data for schizophrenia patients and control
participants are summarized in Table 1. The groups did not
significantly differ in age, sex, education level, parental
education, ethnicity, and marital status. The schizophrenia
outpatients in this study exhibited mild levels of symptoms
on the SANS total score (M=0.95, SD=0.79) and SAPS total
score (M=1.79, SD=1.05). The patients' average length of
illness was 10.20 years (SD=5.30).
3.2. Test of reliability
The internal consistency for each of the MSCEIT branches
and the total score was computed separately for the two
groups. Cronbach's alphas revealed generally high reliability
coefficients for most MSCEIT branches (Identifying Emotions,
α=0.86; Using Emotions, α=0.83; Understanding Emotions,
α=0.82; and Managing Emotions, α=0.72) and the total
score (α=0.93) in the schizophrenia sample. Although
reliability estimates for control subjects were somewhat
lower, they were within adequate range (Identifying Emo-
tions, α=0.89; Using Emotions, α=0.78; Understanding
Emotions, α=0.68; and Managing Emotions, α=0.67), with
the total score showing the highest level (α=0.90). Also, the
test for the distribution of the MSCEIT total score (skewness=
−0.10, standard error=0.34) in the patient group was fairly
comparable to that of the control group score (skewness=
−0.40, standard error=0.39), indicating relatively normal
distributions for both groups.
3.3. Performance on the emotional intelligence test
MSCEIT scores are presented in Fig.1 and Table 2. The main
MSCEIT branches, usingthe SAS PROC MIXED procedure with a
two-way mixed model regression. Participant group (schizo-
phrenia patients, controls) was the independent grouping
variable, the MSCEIT branch was a within-subjects repeated
measures factor with 4 levels (Identifying Emotions, Using
Age (M, SD)
Sex (% male)
Education (M, SD)
parents (M, SD)
Marital status (N)
*pb.05; 2-tailed t-tests.
Fig. 1. Group differences on MSCEIT measures: chronic patients versus
K.S. Kee et al. / Schizophrenia Research 107 (2009) 61–68
Emotions, Understanding Emotions, and Managing Emotions),
independence (the use of multiple records from individuals).
The regression analyses revealed a significant group effect
15.16, pb.0001), but there was no significant group x branch
performed significantly worse than controls, t(87)=−3.21,
pb.002. Also, schizophrenia patients demonstrated significantly
poorer performance compared to controls on 3 of the 4 MSCEIT
branches: Identifying Emotions, Understanding Emotions, and
Managing Emotions (all psb.02). For Using Emotions, the
schizophrenia group displayed a tendency to perform worse
than controls at a trend level, t(87)=−1.70, pb.09.
Analyses of group differences on the subscales that com-
prise the main MSCEIT branches indicated that the patients
performed worse than controls on 6 of the 8 subscales (i.e.,
faces, pictures, changes, blends, emotion management, and
emotional relationships). These 6 subscales were components
of the 3 MSCEIT branches that yielded the significant group
differences described above. Patients did not significantly
differ on the facilitation or sensations subscale from the Using
Emotions branch. The significant patient–control group
differences yielded medium to large effect sizes, with ds
ranging from 0.36 to 0.87 (Cohen, 1988).
3.4. Clinical correlates
We next examined whether the MSCEIT total and branch
scores were related to psychiatric symptoms in the schizo-
phrenia sample. As shown in Table 3, significant negative
associations were found for all of the components of the
MSCEIT and affective flattening of the SANS. Identifying
Emotions and MSCEIT total scores were also significantly
negatively correlated with the SANS avolition–apathy and
anhedonia–asociality subscales. In addition, Identifying Emo-
tions, Managing Emotions, and MSCEIT total scores were
significantly negatively related to the SANS total score. The
magnitudes of all of the significant correlations were small to
Table 3 also shows significant negative associations
between components of the MSCEIT and a few positive
symptoms: Identifying Emotions with bizarre behavior, Using
Emotions with the SAPS total score, and Understanding
Emotions and the MSCEIT total score with thought disorders
and the SAPStotal score. The magnitudes of these correlations
were also small to medium.
3.5. Psychosocial outcome correlates
Table 4 presents correlations between performance on the
MSCEIT and domains of general psychosocial functioning in
the schizophrenia sample. There were several statistically
significant associations: Identifying Emotions with work
productivity; all of the components of the MSCEIT with
independent living/self-care; Identifying Emotions with rela-
tionships with family and spouse; and Identifying Emotions
and Understanding Emotions with psychosocial adjustment.
The magnitudes for the above correlations were small to
medium, and in these correlations lower levels of emotional
intelligence processes were associated with poorer psycho-
social outcome in schizophrenia.
3.6. Supplemental analyses
Because components of the MSCEIT showed significant
associations with independent living/self-care and also with
Group differences on MSCEIT measures
MSCEIT branchesSubscales Schizophrenia patientsControlst-tests
Branch 1: Identifying EmotionsFaces
Branch 2: Facilitating Emotions
Branch 3: Understanding Emotions
Branch 4: Managing Emotions
*pb.05; **pb.01; 2-tailed t-tests.
Correlations among MSCEIT measures, SANS, and SAPS
Total SANS Score
Total SAPS Score
*pb.05; **pb.01; 2-tailed.
Correlations among MSCEIT measures and general psychosocial functioning
Branch 1Branch 2Branch 3Branch 4 Total score
*pb.05; **pb.01; 2-tailed.
K.S. Kee et al. / Schizophrenia Research 107 (2009) 61–68
SANS and SAPS subscales, we performed a mediator analysis
using a sequence of regression models as suggested by Baron
and Kenny (1986) to determine whether the association
between emotional intelligence and independent living/self-
care outcome was explained by psychiatric symptoms. A
mediation effect would be present if: 1) there is a strong
correlation between the predictor variable (i.e., the MSCEIT
total score) andtheoutcomevariable(i.e., independentliving/
self-care), 2) there is a significant relationship between the
predictor variable and the mediator (i.e., SAPS or SANS total
score), 3) there is a significant relationship between the
mediator and the outcome after adjustment for the predictor
variable, and 4) the relationship between the predictor and
outcome is no longer significant (or is significantly reduced)
when the mediator is entered into the model.
The results of the mediator analysis revealed that negative
symptoms mediated the effect of emotional intelligence on
independent living/self-care. The MSCEIT total score alone was
significantly related to both the SANS total score (β=−0.027,
SE=0.010, p=.0096) and to the independent living/self-care
score (β=0.039, SE=0.013, p=.0036). When the total scores
from the MSCEIT and SANS were used jointly to predict
independent living/self-care, the SANS total score was signifi-
cant (β=0.668, SE=0.165, p=.0002), but the MSCEIT total score
was reduced to a trend level, with the magnitude of its
follow-up analysis, we conducted Sobel's test (Aroian version,
cf. Baron and Kenny, 1986) to examine the significance of the
mediated path (that is, for the indirect effect of emotional
intelligence onindependentliving/self-carevia negative symp-
toms). The resulting Z-score of 2.20 was significant (p=.0280),
and the positive sign indicates that as emotional intelligence
(mediated by negative symptoms) increases, so does indepen-
dent living/self-care skills, as expected. In addition, the MSCEIT
total score accounted for only 4.4% of the variance in
independent living/self-care skills above and beyond the
34.8% of the variance accounted for by negative symptoms
22.2% of variance above and beyond that accounted for by the
MSCEIT total score alone, reinforcing our conclusions. We did
not find a mediation effect for positive symptoms.
In the present study, we tested a broad range of emotion
processing abilities in individuals with schizophrenia and non-
psychiatric controls using a theory-based multidimensional
assessment of emotional intelligence, the Mayer–Salovey–
Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT; Mayer et al.,
2002). The MSCEIT demonstrated strong internal consistency
in the schizophrenia sample and adequate consistency in a
sample of control subjects, suggesting that this measure is
suitable for use in schizophrenia research. Although previous
studies of emotion processing in schizophrenia have focused
almost exclusively on the perception of emotion, the current
results suggest that patients display a considerably broader
range of impairment across multiple emotion processing
with varied aspects of patients' functioning in the community.
For the first research question concerning between-group
comparisons on the MSCEIT, we replicated the previously
reported deficits in identifying facial emotional expression (a
subscale of Branch 1) in schizophrenia patients compared to
normal controls (e.g., Addington and Addington, 1998;
Edwards et al., 2002; Horan and Blanchard, 2003; Kee et al.,
2004; Mandal et al., 1998; Streit et al., 1997). In addition, we
found clear patient versus control differences on two other
domains of emotion processing, Understanding Emotions and
Managing Emotions, as well as the overall MSCEIT score.
These differences indicate that individuals with schizophre-
nia show impairments in their understanding of blends and
changes between and among emotions, as well as their
regulation of emotions in everyday life.
The current results demonstrating group differences on
regulation of emotions are consistent with prior findings of
Henry et al. (2007), who reported aberrant emotional
expression (i.e., reduced amplification of an experienced
emotion) in schizophrenia patients in comparison with
control participants. Also, it has been suggested that indivi-
duals with schizophrenia fail to use positive emotional
experience to enhance memory functioning compared to
healthy participants (Herbener et al., 2007). Although our
patient sample exhibited a tendency to perform worse than
controls on Using Emotions (how well participants used
different emotions to enhance cognition and behavior), this
group difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the
current study suggests that the inclusion of a broader
assessment of emotion processes that extends beyond
perception of emotion may be useful in understanding the
full range of social cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.
Regarding the second research question, we evaluated
associations between clinical symptoms and the broad scope
schizophrenia group. For negative symptoms, all of the MSCEIT
components were significantly related to affective flattening.
Interestingly, schizophrenia patients with clinically significant
flat affect have also been found to demonstrate deficits in
identifying happy and sad emotions, and show even greater
impairment in differentiating the intensities within both these
emotions compared to healthy subjects (Gur et al., 2006).
However, an earlier study by Sweet et al. (1998) revealed that
schizophrenia patients with blunted affect were not more
impaired in their perception of emotions than non-blunted
patients. In addition, although not as consistent, there were a
few significant relationships between emotional intelligence
processes and other negative symptoms measures, including
avolition–apathy and anhedonia–asociality. Some early studies
reported similar relationships (e.g., Lewis and Garver, 1995;
Mueser et al., 1996). For positive symptoms, patients who
exhibited higher levels of bizarre behavior, thought disorders,
and the SAPS total score performed worse in certain aspects of
emotional intelligence, in line with previous findings of Kohler
et al. (2000), Poole et al. (2000), and Schneider et al. (1995).
Thus, the current findings support associations between the
social cognitive processes assessed by the MSCEIT and several
aspects of clinical symptoms. Additional research on the link
between different clinical symptoms and various aspects of
social cognition is needed (Green et al., in press).
For the third research question, the MSCEIT total score and
scores of the specific branches demonstrated significant
associations with several aspects of functioning in the
community among individuals with schizophrenia. For
K.S. Kee et al. / Schizophrenia Research 107 (2009) 61–68
instance, Identifying Emotions was significantly correlated
with psychosocial adjustment as well as role functioning in
the community. We also uncovered multiple significant
relationships across other domains of the MSCEIT and
psychosocial outcome, suggesting that schizophrenia patients
with lower levels of emotional intelligence processes exhib-
ited poorer psychosocial adjustment and competence in the
community. Overall, these relationships were fairly modest,
but appeared to be somewhat stronger for independent
living/self-care skills than other aspects of outcome. One
possible reason for the observed relationships is that perhaps
independentliving/self-caresettingsplace a greateremphasis
on performing prescribed tasks and achieving set goals.
Patients' difficulty in processing emotion could lead to
inappropriate responding, which might hinder their ability
Hence, this psychosocial domain might be more sensitive to
negative consequences arising from deficits in emotion
processing compared with family or social relationships.
The significant associations between emotion processing
and psychosocial outcome replicate and extend prior work in
this area. Kee et al. (2003) demonstrated that the ability to
perceive emotion might predict work functioning or inde-
pendent living outcome one year later in a clinically stabilized
schizophrenia outpatient sample. Mueser et al. (1996)
reported that accurate identification of emotional stimuli
was related to personal appearance and hygiene, whereas
Penn et al. (1996) and Poole et al. (2000) reported relation-
ships with neatness and appropriate clothing and appearance
in schizophrenia. However, negative symptoms appeared to
mediate the relationship between general emotional intelli-
gence and living/self-care skills. This mediation could be
partly attributable to content overlap between the SANS
(particularly the avolition subscale) and the measures of
independent live/social care skills (Horan et al., 2006). The
effect was not found when positive symptoms were used as a
mediator. Future studies may be useful in clarifying the
relationships among emotional intelligence, psychiatric
symptoms, and psychosocial outcome.
Some limitations of the current study should be noted.
First, the measures of psychosocial functioning (i.e., the Role
Functioning Scale; RFS and the UCLA Social Attainment Scale;
SAS) are quite global, relying on objective indicators of
frequency of engagement across a rather wide range of
community activities. Including other “micro-level” psycho-
social outcome (e.g., social skills or social competence) or
more sensitive assessments (e.g., quality of relationships and
activities engaged in) may reveal more specific patterns of
relationship with emotional intelligence. Second, given the
size of this sample and the exploratory nature of this study,
we did not correct for multiple statistical tests, which could
lead to Type 1 errors. Third, although we examined a
stabilized community-dwelling sample, it is not clear
whether the disturbances shown by the patients represented
state or trait-level phenomenon, or were associated with
factors such as illness chronicity or long-term exposure to
antipsychotic medications. Studies of first episode and
prodromal patients will help clarify the trait status of emotion
processing deficits in schizophrenia. Fourth, a non-emotion
processing task was not administered, as part of this protocol,
leaving open the question of whether emotional intelligence
plays a role in the relationships between other known
predictors (e.g., neurocognition) and psychosocial outcome.
To our knowledge, the present study is the first to directly
explore the use of a comprehensive, multidimensional
instrument that allows evaluation of schizophrenia patients'
performance on a broad range of emotion processes,
comparing patients to well-matched controls. The current
study encourages broader assessments of emotion processing
than those typically used in social cognitive studies of
schizophrenia. In future studies, it may useful for schizo-
phrenia researchers to tap into rapidly expanding affective
and social neuroscience literature to investigate the neural
correlates of emotion processing disturbances (e.g., Adolphs,
2003; Lieberman, 2007; Ochner and Phelps, 2007; Reis et al.,
2007). In addition, there is growing evidence that negative
symptomatology and emotional intelligence are key compo-
nents of poor functional outcome in schizophrenia, and
specific intervention programs designed to ameliorate these
factors may be potentially useful in helping people with
schizophrenia achieve more satisfying levels of recovery and
functioning in the community (e.g., Horan et al., 2008).
Role of funding source
Funding for this project was supported by the National Institute of
Mental Health Center Grant P50 MH 66586 (K. Nuechterlein, P.I.). The NIMH
had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and
interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to
submit the paper for publication.
All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.
Conflict of interest
All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Funding for this project was supported by the National Institute of
Mental Health CenterGrant P50 MH 66586 (K. Nuechterlein, P.I.). The authors
wish to thank Mike DeGroot, Robin Kite, Jeff Nishii, and Samantha Swain for
their assistance in data collection and data management.
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domain: psychology


Turkish MPs back sweeping changes to constitution that would abolish office of prime minister, usher in executive presidency and end judicial independence
A controversial bill that critics say would bring about one-man rule for Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, has passed a key hurdle.
It should come as no surprise that President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey would praise Donald Trump for refusing to talk to a CNN reporter at a news conference. For years, Mr. Erdogan has been crushing independent voices as part of a broader
Vía Erkan’s Field Diary http://ift.tt/2jnTRzg


Moxon Industries designs, manufactures and overhauls a vast range of rolling stock and railway infrastructure components for Australia’s expanding rail networks.
The company’s portfolio ranges from new and overhauled bogie, brakes, suspension, steering, carriage, interior components and many other safety-critical components for both passenger and freight rolling stock.
Moxon also supplies a large range of maintenance facility equipment, which assists maintenance technicians to carry out their tasks in a safe and efficient manner.
Moxon is responsible for manufacturing civil infrastructure components for Australia’s railway industry, including the light rail and metro networks.
Manufactures Rolling stock Maintenance Facility Support Equipment
- Carriage Stands
- Bogie Stands
- Stackable Wheel set Skids
- Stackable Dual Wheel set Skids
- Traction Inverter Mobile Work Stands
- Facility Mobile Work Platforms
- Maintenance Facility Safety Guard Rails & Gates
- Maintenance Facility Fixed Platform Guard Rails
- Maintenance Facility Pit Access Covers
- Maintenance Component Kit Trolleys
- Rolling stock Wheel Profile Gauges
- Weld Testing
- Non-Destructive Testing
- Macro Examinations
- Air Reservoir Inspections
Manufactures and Overhauls Passenger & Freight Rolling stock Components
- Brake Discs
- Brake Levers
- Air Brake Systems
- Air Reservoirs Construction / Inspections
- Anti-Roll Bars
- Radius Arms
- Traction Rods
- Plunger Bars
- Buffer Beams
- Slack Adjusters
- Non-slip Tread plates
- Passenger Seating
- Passenger Safety Hand Rails
- Passenger Grab Handles
- Passenger Detrainment Ramps
- Crew Cab Equipment
- Digital Train Radio Hardware
- Train Body Sheet Repairs
Supplementary design, engineering and testing services
Moxon can provide supplementary services including all forms of design, prototyping, 3D printing, drafting, testing and certification of lifting devices, welding examinations, destructive and non-destructive testing, accelerated fatigue testing, FEA, Failure Mode reporting.
Project management of rolling stock and railway infrastructure projects
In addition, Moxon provides project management services for complete railway projects from initial planning to final installation / commissioning.
The company employs a professional and collaborative management style that is designed to promote innovation whilst delivering projects on time and on budget in accordance with customer needs and specifications.
Moxon aims to consistently integrate engineering, procurement and manufacturing activities in order to meet all client requirements.


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The Future of mobility is increasing in pace as, UK car buyers shifting towards electric cars. As the Manufacturers race to have their model line-ups, this market continues to grow and cost of ownership falls.
By the end of 2020 electric car sales have risen 163% from 2019 sales figures, which represents a 5.8% market share.
The Paris Climate Agreement set the tone in July 2017 by announcing a plan to ban all petrol and diesel vehicles in France by 2040, the UK has joined and committed to this agreement as well as other leading countries and OEM’s. Over the next year we will start to see many vehicle Manufacturers switching their production platforms and increase their electric vehicle sales.
The infrastructure involved in this change has equally grown over time. More support from both the government and OEM’s have seen a huge turnaround in the UK.
Volkswagen UK has teamed up with Tesco & Pod Point to provide free charging points in their outlets. It is now said that there are now more charging stations in the UK than petrol stations.
Are you an “Innovator” “Early Adopter” or a “Laggard” when it comes to the future of e-Mobility? Studies are showing that the fourth most searched thing on the web is Electric Cars. Love ’em or loathe ‘em, this technology is just around the corner. So, if you want to find out some more on Electric Cars, we have compiled many topics from around the Industry to help you transition.
Most Brands offer an affordable solution for electric mobility and you can follow the links below, to see who is offering them and who isn't.
First Electric Car
In 1828, Ányos Jedlik invented an early type of electric motor.
English inventor Thomas Parker, who was responsible for innovations such as electrifying the London Underground, built the first production electric car in 1884.
Rise of Petrol
With the discovery of large crude oil reserves, petrol becomes cheaper and gave better performance in cars. Along with the struggling infrastructure for electric cars the short lived boom for electric cars was in decline.
Electric Moon Buggy
As petrol prices begin to rise in the 1960’s and 1970’s, the Clean Air Act was established, which required states to take control of their air quality and meet certain standards by deadlines. Electric vehicles are reconsidered. The Appolo 15 Lunar buggy would recaptur the possibilities.
In 1996 the world’s largets auotmotive manufacturer produced an electric vehicle. The popular EV1 from General Motors hit the spotlights and got the likes of Toyota to produce a hybrid (petrol-electric car) that went on to be the most successful hybrid and allowed acceptence for electric powered vehicles once more.
In 2008 Elon Musk saw an opportunity within the rising electric car market and with his Paypal fortune, he invested in the launch of the Tesla brand.
The Roadster would sell for around £87,000 and offered, performance and looks for a niche market.
Volkswagen announce the depletion of the petrol and diesel combustion engine as it declares it will transform it manufacturering plants to support the platforms required for electric cars.
They announce a roadmap that shows the launch dates of the ID range ( a car in each model range) by 2030.
By 2040, every new car sold in Britain will need to be an “ultra low emission” vehicle, under government plans to meet emissions targets. Manufacturers have committed to the Co2 Levy to ensure emissions will reduce and the UK infrastructure is being massively expanded to cope with the definate future of electric cars!
Great Electric Deals
EVs are starting to gain traction in the market, largely driven by more affordable models that are scheduled to start rolling into dealerships throughout this year..
It is predicted that by 2025 one-in-four of all new cars bought will be an electric model.
Many manufacturers are commiting to only selling electric vehicles by 2030 and becoming carbon nuetral by 2040.
Some of the car industry’s biggest names have already been transforming their businesses and ploughing billions into the design and development of electric cars. This new era has also opened the door from new brands seeing electric cars as an opportunity to get involved in the automotive industry.
What to expect in the coming years
Frequently asked questions
Battery life is expected to last for approximately 8-10 years. This only becomes an issue if you are purchasing an electric with plans to keep it for more than 8-10 years or if you are buying a second hand one that is a similar age. Most purchases on electric or hybrid are mostly done via a lease and don’t need to worry about it. That said, the battery technology now is designed to have replaceable pods which can prolonge it’s life. Battery tech in a few years may be completley different.
Easiest way to treat the car battery is like your mobile / smart phone battery. By allowing it enter the red zone before fully charging will ensure optimun life expectancy. Equally so, using the short rapid or fast charge systems can have negative impacts on your battery. By all means use them but if you don’t need to, don’t.
You can plug your electric car lead into a standard 3-pin socket. The only draw back to this is that charging will become slow (upto 17 hours in some models). It is advisable to purchase a home charging station which can quickly charge your car from 4-8 hours. You can try Pod-Point and even get a Government Grant to help fund it (typically upto £500)
Essentially, anywhere that has a 3-pin socket (although rather slow). Infact there are just as many charging stations around the UK as there are Fuel Stations. (once you find one, you will see them all).
There are many tools or apps that you can download that show you available charging stations, cost of charging and better still, when you enter your destination, it will show you when and where you will need to charge to ensure you don’t run out of charge. Download ZAP MAP
With the average UK electricity price sitting at around 14p per kWh and if you assume an electric car will travel 3.5 miles per kWh on average, to travel 100 miles would cost around £4 or 4p per mile. If you’re smart, look out for the free charging stations. VW and Tesco have made a patnership to install and provide free charging stations (whilst you shop).
In simple terms yes. (based on average useage). However, if you like to have the AC on, the windows open and the sound system as loud as it goes, then expect the battery range to depleat quickly.
Furthermore, the weather conditions will play apart in this. If it is zero degrees, then expect to lose around 30% of range. In these conditions it’s advisable to pre heat the car and or battery before it’s journey.


text: The USCCB has a deep interest in legislation and policies that impact the religious liberty of both individuals and institutions. In particular, the USCCB supports legislation that prevents government intrusion into religious doctrine, worship, governance or practice, as well as legislation that facilitates appropriate collaborations between public and religious entities. We support the legal protection of conscience for individuals and faith-based organizations so that they are not forced or pressured to abandon their religious principles, including when they participate in government programs which serve the poor and vulnerable both here and abroad, educate children, and provide health care. The USCCB also carefully monitors legislation and policies dealing with the regulation of tax-exempt entities. In this context, the USCCB supports efforts to protect and promote incentives for charitable giving and public assistance to programs carried out by nonprofit church-related entities.

domain: sociology


text:
British F5000 drivers are all set to take on the Kiwis on their home turf with Revival Series races
Seven Formula 5000 cars from Britain are currently en route to New Zealand to compete in the NZ F5000 Revival Series in January and February.
Masterminded by Frank Lyons, the trip will take in races at Pukekohe (Auckland) and Ruapuna (Christchurch) as the UK drivers join around 15 locally-based cars.
The interchange between the two continents follows the successful trip to England in the summer, when nine Kiwi racers joined the Derek Bell Trophy grids at Brands Hatch and Silverstone.
Lyons has even bigger plans for the class and is working with car owners in Australia to try and get a support race at the 2007 Australian GP. “There are F5000s in Australia, New Zealand, the UK and the USA. I’m quietly confident about the Grand Prix race,” said Lyons. “We just need to demonstrate that we can get large grids of these cars.”
In the meantime, he has shipped his ex-Tony Trimmer Lola T332 and his recently acquired Eagle FA74 to New Zealand for himself and wife Judy to drive. Three cars from Simon Hadfield’s stable are due to make the trip, including his ex-Peter Gethin Chevron B37, the Trojan T101 of Michael Schryver and a Lola T300 for MotorSport diarist Marcus Pye. Also travelling is the Lotus 70 of Peter Denty and the ex-Nick Crossley March 73A of Peter Dunn.
“We’re out there for about three weeks and we’re planning to do this bi-annually,” said Lyons. He also expects the NZ drivers to return to the UK in ’07: “They had a great time here and they’re really looking forward to us going over there.”

domain: geography


text:
Wolseley Road is the most expensive residential road/street in Australia and its status stands as Australia’s ultimate address, with 16 of the top 100 most expensive houses in Sydney being located on this road.
What is the most expensive suburb in Australia?
These Are The 10 Highest-Earning Suburbs In Australia
- 3142 (Hawksburn, Toorak), VIC. …
- 2023 (Bellevue Hill), NSW. …
- 3002 (East Melbourne), VIC. …
- 2030 (Dover Heights, Rose Bay North, Vaucluse, Watsons Bay), NSW. …
- 2110 (Hunters Hill, Woolwich), NSW. …
- 2088 (Mosman, Spit Junction), NSW. …
- 2063 (Northbridge), NSW. …
- 6011 (Cottesloe, Peppermint Grove), WA. Average income: $167,090.
21 июл. 2020 г.
What is the most expensive place in Australia?
REVEALED: The most expensive cities in Australia to live – as crippling property prices threaten to spark another housing crisis
- Canberra is the third least affordable city to live, with house prices of $788,621 and mortgages needing 1.2 average incomes.
7 февр. 2020 г.
What is the most expensive street in the world?
Billionaires’ Row has earned its nickname. 57th Street in Manhattan, which is lined with a handful of supertall luxury buildings built in the past decade, is the street with the most expensive properties in the world, according to a new study.
What’s the most expensive house in Australia?
Australia’s most expensive houses sold in 2020
- Point Piper, Sydney’s east: $51million.
- Elizabeth Bay, Sydney’s east: $33million.
- Vaucluse, Sydney’s east: $32.5million.
- Darling Point, Sydney’s east: $32million.
- Vaucluse, Sydney’s east: $30million.
- Dalkeith, Perths’ west: $27.5million.
- Vaucluse, Sydney’s east: $24.6million.
23 дек. 2020 г.
Where do millionaires live in Australia?
Melbourne Suburb Found To Be The Home Of 23 Of The 250 Richest People In Australia. 23 of the 250 richest people in Australia live in one inner Melbourne suburb. Toorak, five kilometres outside the CBD, is home to Australia’s millionaires and billionaires.
Which is the richest city in Australia?
Australia’s richest areas
- Melbourne inner (includes council areas of Brunswick-Coburg, Darebin, Essendon, Melbourne City, Port Phillip and Yarra): $42,859.
- Sydney north (includes Ryde, Pennant Hills, Epping and Hunters Hill): $42,322.
- Sydney north-west (includes Baulkham Hills, Dural and Rouse Hill): $42,228.
29 окт. 2019 г.
Which is the cheapest city in Australia to live?
Despite a recent boom in property prices, Hobart still remains the cheapest city to live in Australia. Houses in the Tasmanian capital are roughly 25% cheaper than the national average – at about $444,500 AUD ($315,000 USD) – making it much more affordable than cities like Sydney or Melbourne.
Why is it expensive to live in Australia?
Living Expenses in Australia
In global rankings, the island country often falls just shy of one of the Top Ten most expensive countries in the world. Much of this expense comes from housing, but also the country’s geographical disposition as an island, meaning many goods must be imported from overseas.
Why are property prices so high in Australia?
Australian property market to rise to record highs this year. Australian property prices are set to rise to record highs this year, driven by a heady cocktail of people seeking a post-Covid lifestyle change, ultra-low interest rates and recession-beating government stimulus, a slew of new data shows.
What is the richest street in America?
Appropriately known as “Billionaire Bunker,” the most expensive street in the U.S. is Indian Creek Island Road. With a median home value of a whopping $21.48 million, the street gained the top title of “15 Most Expensive Streets in America,” a list compiled by online real estate marketplace Zillow.
What is the richest zip code in the world?
Fisher Island, a 216-acre barrier island near Miami, is once again the wealthiest zip code (33109) with an average income in 2018 of $2.2 million, according to the Bloomberg analysis. In second-place Atherton — zip code 94027 — earnings surged by a third to $1.72 million.
What is the richest street in New York?
The most expensive street is Fifth Ave in the Flatiron District, with the most expensive building (212 Fifth Ave) having a median asking rental price of $26,500 per month.
Where do the rich live in Sydney?
10 most expensive suburbs in Sydney
- Darling Point – $7.7m. Lucky last but not least is Darling Point. …
- Bellevue Hill – $6.4m. …
- Vaucluse – $5.84m. …
- Tamarama – $5.8m. …
- Double Bay – $4.48m. …
- Cremorne Point – $4.4m. …
- Centennial Park – $4.1m. …
- Dover Heights – $4.1m.
20 окт. 2020 г.
Who owns the most expensive house in Australia?
The Point Piper estate’s most recent buyer, tech billionaire Mike Cannon-Brookes, snapped the property up for a staggering $100 million in 2018. Fairwater was owned by the Fairfax family for more than a century.
How expensive are houses in Australia?
Australian Cities Average House and Unit Prices January 2019
|City||Average House Price||Average Unit Price|

domain: economics


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Company agrees to penalties occurred in Parry Sound and province
A company involved in poor water heater sales tactics has agreed to pay $7-million in penalties. National Energy Corporation, which operates as National Home Service, agreed to penalties over its door-to-door water heater marketing practices in Quebec and Ontario, including here in Parry Sound. The federal Competition Bureau were found that sales staff were misleading customers about their identity and the purpose of their visits while trying to sell their products. During the investigation, the bureau said it became aware of thousands of complaints received by other organizations, including the Ontario Ministry of Consumer Services and the Better Business Bureau.
National will pay $1.5 million in restitution to all current National customers obtained through door-to-door marketing since July 2008 in the form of a credit on their water heater rental bills as well as a $5 million administrative penalty and an additional $500,000 towards the bureau’s investigative costs. The agreement also prohibits National from misleading consumers into believing their existing water heater is unsafe or that it is eligible for a no-cost upgrade and requires the implementation of a corporate compliance program.


Sari cloth can filter cholera from water, research shows
January / February 2015 | Volume 14, Issue 1
Photo courtesy of Dr. Anwar Huq/University of Maryland
A simple method of filtering water through sari cloth can
reduce cholera incidence by nearly half.
by Cathy Kristiansen
A simple method of using readily available sari cloth to filter pond and river water successfully reduced the incidence of cholera by nearly half in a study conducted in Bangladesh. Funded by the NIH's
National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the findings may have applications in other low-resource settings. More than 1 billion people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water and over 5 million die each year from waterborne illness, according to the WHO.
In many rural areas of Bangladesh, women use surface water for their household since it may be safer than well water, which can contain arsenic. The research team took its cue from a local practice to rid drinking water of insects and leaves by pouring it through sari cloth. Lab tests supported by the Thrasher Research Fund showed that a filter made of four layers of worn cotton material held back more than 99 percent of all cholera bacteria - using more layers or newer cloth slowed water collection too much.
"The filter is unique and useful," said Dr. Anwar Huq, who has collaborated on the project with University of Maryland colleague Dr. Rita Colwell. "It doesn't require any money or sophisticated training and the women bringing water to the house enthusiastically used the filtration, once the benefit was explained to them."
To test the filter's effectiveness, Huq and his colleagues studied about 45,000 residents, all in households with children under age five, who are typically more vulnerable to cholera. They showed the women how to use sari cloth to filter water that would be consumed or used to clean teeth, food and tableware. They followed up by visiting the village every two weeks to encourage compliance. An additional group of villages served as controls, adopting no interventions. In the households that were filtering water, cholera incidence was about half the level of the control participants and infections arising were milder, the scientists reported in
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study also showed the practice benefited neighbors who did not filter their water, by reducing the overall incidence of cholera in the community.
In a follow-up study five years later, researchers discovered about one-third of participants continued to filter water as trained. Huq suggested repeated training and messages on TV and the radio could improve usage. He added he hopes to investigate if the filter blocks other waterborne pathogens as well, such as
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Ketamine Overdose Signs, Symptoms, & Effects
Recreational Use of Ketamine
Ketamine is an injectable anesthetic drug that has seen a rise in popularity as a recreational club drug. While it is officially prescribed in a liquid injectable form, it is often sold illegally in a powder or pill form. People using ketamine recreationally can snort, smoke, inject, or dissolve the drug into liquids that are orally ingested. Ketamine does not have the reputation for deadly overdoses, like opioids or other drugs, but the short-term and long-term effects of the drug can still lead to dangerous consequences.
- Violent outbursts (due to hallucinations)
Have more questions about Ketamine abuse?Read the most frequently asked questions
Inside Addiction, Nov. 24–30: Trump’s Medicare Proposal, Amanda Bynes’ History of Addiction, Bruce Springsteen’s Mental HealthNovember 30, 2018
Seeking addiction treatment can feel overwhelming. We know the struggle, which is why we're uniquely qualified to help.
Your call is confidential, and there's no pressure to commit to treatment until you're ready. As a voluntary facility, we're here to help you heal -- on your terms. Our sole focus is getting you back to the healthy, sober life you deserve, and we are ready and waiting to answer your questions or concerns 24/7.Speak with an Intake Coordination Specialist now.352.771.2700

domain: medical


text:
If gorgeous vintage home accents, architectural salvage, artisan furniture, luscious, jewel-colored yarns, intricate fibre arts, fripperies, one-of-a-kind jewelry, handbags, scarves and hats are your thing, then The Pear & Salvage is the right place for you!
We have a knowledgeable staff with many years
of preservation & interior design background ready to assist you. The Salvage Home has many vintage parts and pieces
to create your own art project or put
into your garden.
ARLENE BYRNE, Proprietor
Arlene Byrne has been in the forefront of design and creative work throughout the decades and as an artist has a passion for finding things for you that are hand picked with love.

domain: design


Despite running solidly inside the top-15 for much of the race, Danica Patrick and No. 10 GoDaddy Chevrolet SS of Stewart-Haas Racing (SHR) left Indianapolis Motor Speedway with a 27th-place finish after losing ground on late-race restarts in Sunday’s Jeff Kyle Brickyard 400.
Patrick started the race from the 15th position and remained inside the top-20 until the team’s first pit stop at lap 28. Crew chief Daniel Knost called for a four-tire change and air pressure adjustments to improve her racecar’s handling. Once the field cycled through green-flag stops, Patrick was scored in the 18th position and noted that the air pressure changes had definitely made a positive impact on the car’s handling.
When the caution flag waved at lap 44 for debris, Knost called Patrick back down pit road for four tires and fuel. Several teams opted not to pit during the caution period, but the No. 10 GoDaddy Chevrolet team still lined up 16th for the lap-49 restart. As fuel strategy by the field played out in their favor, Patrick ended up in the fifth position at the midpoint of the race.
The team pitted for left-side tires and fuel when the caution flag waved at lap 91, and Patrick restarted 10th at lap 96. She remained inside the top-15 for the next couple of runs and lined up seventh for a lap-124 restart after the team elected to take just left-side tires under caution. Trouble on the restart dropped her back to 17th, but Patrick rallied back and worked her way up to 14th before the caution flag waved again at lap 141. Knost called Patrick to pit road on the following lap for four tires and fuel, and she restarted 16th when the field went back to green-flag racing. Patrick managed to gain three positions before the caution flag was displayed at lap 147.
When the green flag waved again at lap 152, Patrick held her own on the initial restart but then fell back and was scored in the 21st position when the caution flag came out at lap 154. Shortly after the field took the green flag on the next restart, the caution flag was displayed yet again. On the final, green-white-checkered restart, Patrick again lost a number of positions and was credited with a 27th-place finish when she took the checkered flag.While Patrick ran much higher than where she ended up at the end of the race, Sunday’s result marked her best-ever stock-car finish at Indianapolis, besting a 30th-place effort she scored in the 2013 Sprint Cup race there.


Sonypalooza, Pt. 4: A/V receivers!
It wouldn't be CEDIA without some new A/V receivers, and Sony did not disappoint. It just announced the STR-DA5500ES and STR-DA3500ES, two new receivers aimed at high-end installations.
The 5500ES puts out 120 watts across each of its 7 channels, and features a whopping 6 HDMI inputs and 2 HDMI outputs (great for flat-panel/projector combination setups). It supports plenty of audio formats, including 8-channel linear PCM, and can process 1080p/24 cinema video and Deep Color and x.v.Color video codecs. The receiver can manage up to three zones, including a 1080p video main zone, a 1080i secondary zone, and an audio-only third zone. It's also networkable and compatible with any DLNA-compliant device, and can access Shoutcast and Rhapsody music services. It will retail for $2,000 when it ships next month.
At $1,000, the 3500ES is only half the price of the 5500ES, and as a result offers fewer features. It loses 2 HDMI inputs and 1 HDMI output, and forgoes all of the networked functions of the 5500ES. Fortunately, it keeps the 3-zone support, and can handle the same audio and video codecs. It also ships in October.
— Will Greenwald


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How does the OSMO Patch work?
Well this is a great question! It is so pleasing for us to see how many people are now taking such an active approach to better understanding their treatment options in order to maximize their health outcome.
To best answer this question we have produced this short easy to follow 4-5 min video at the request of many of our customers. We hope that this video is helpful in allowing you to better understand the biological processes which allow the OSMO Patch to naturally remove fluid, reduce swelling and alleviate the associated pain.
- Adhere the patch/pad directly over the targeted area just before going to bed.
- The patch/pad should optimally be worn for approximately 6-8 Hrs.
- Shortly after the patch/pad is adhered to the skin, they will begin to emit far infrared heat.
- Far infrared heat moves as small energy waves, easily penetrates the skin directly under the region where the patch/pad is applied.
- Underlaying receptors of the sympathetic nervous system are then activated throughout the night until the the OSMO Patch is Removed.
- The sympathetic nervous system then directs the body to begin cooling the area by moving fluid to the surface of the skin.
- As the fluid reaches the surface of the skin it is quickly whisked away and absorbed into the patch/pad before any cooling process can begin.
- Unabated, this heating and fluid removal process continues throughout the night until the OSMO Patch is removed.
- Thanks to the natural power of osmosis underlying fluid is subsequently removed from the target area.
- The patch/pad is then simply removed and discarded in the morning after a 6-8 hrs application period.
- This process is then repeated each consecutive night until completed.
After watching this video you may also like to read some of the many fantastic testimonials that people have sent to us. Many of these individuals are people just like yourself who were also looking for a non-invasive and natural alternative, making the choice to experience the OSMO Patch for themselves. Click here to read what they have to say!


text:
One night, one gunshot, was all it took to turn her world upside-down.
Liliya Markow finally sees the world for what it is. One night was all it took to forever shatter the rose-colored glasses that blinded her to the darkness around her. Now her father and fiancé seek her silence and her only hope is a Russian mafia boss who might be too hot to handle.
Ruslan Volsky has dominated the mafia world for years, ruling with an iron fist, showing no weakness, and he’s not happy when he learns the daughter of a rival Family is in his territory, but why is a mafia princess living like a penniless waif?
When Liliya comes to him, begging for his help, Ruslan is stunned by her request. What she desires could start a war between all the mafia families. The smart thing would be tell her no, but there’s something about her. Something that makes him want to possess her, protect her, make her his in every way possible, regardless of who he has to go to war with.
READERS NOTE: Contains adult language and sizzling sexual situations.

domain: literature


text:
Sapienza, Alice M. Creating Technology Strategies How to Build Competitive Biomedical R&D
1. Edition October 1997 119.- Euro 1997. XX, 244 Pages, Hardcover ISBN 978-0-471-15370-2 - John Wiley & Sons
Short description This book with help the reader to analyze the competitive position of biomedical R&D, change one's competitive position by modifying resource allocation, and assess, the fit of potential alliances and acquisition partners. The book will offer guidance on how to evaluate the overall impact of R&D decisions and project choices on corporate goal achievement.
From the contents About This Book.
Determining Competitive Position.
Consistency and Competitiveness.
Changing Competitive Position.
Assessing the Fit of External Knowledge Sources.
Competitive Technology Strategy: Some Implications for Teams.

domain: library


text:
Life on the Lion
A magical ultimatum.
To save the family business, one witch must pull something spectacular out of her hat.
For newly-minted witch Charlotte, moving from the human realm to life in the magical circus is still a tightrope walk. But when the crooked Witches' Council passes a law that gives her a week to hand over two of her friends, she wo...more
This 2nd book in the series is another very enjoyable read; just as I did when I got the 1st book, I simply could not put it down until I had finished it! Ms. Leeds certainly knows how to combine the fun and whimsy of magical paranormal circus characters while combing that with some deep, thought-provoking situations and questions about societal norms and whether or not changes are necessary, doable or even possible.
This 2nd book in the series is another very enjoyable read; j ...more
Like the first book the pace is steady, an interestin g mix of "Why did no one tell me?" to funny episodes, when she tries new skills to the thrill of figuring out the mystery of who kidnapped Mark and why.
I received a free copy of this b ...more
semi-reviving her dead uncle, the previous ringmaster, means she feels more like a magical supply closet, used only for things her no longer truly alive uncle can do, sorting out the witches council, and dealing with learning her powers.
doesn't sound like a great deal of fun, and also sounds tiring.
can she find the joy in her magic? can she save her fami ...more
As befits a cosy mystery there is nothing to offend and it gave me a couple of very ...more
One of the two humans at the Magical Midway Circus has disappeared. Ringmaster Charlotte needs to find him - partly to help convince her paranormal staff that she is capable of being the boss and Lawgiver.
The Witch Council is still doing its best to shut down the two remaining magical circuses and is using the "No humans allowed" law to achieve this.
Charlotte is also trying to activate thinking in the group - just because it has been done that way, doesn't me ...more
Overall, I enjoyed reading this novel. It has a unique setting, characters, and plot. ...more
I received a free copy of this book via Booksprout and am voluntarily leaving a review. ...more
I received a free copy of this book via Booksprout and am voluntarily leaving a review.
You can also visit her at leanneleeds.com for free stories, to join her newsletter.


Environmental Assessment: Employment of the 2.75-Inch Rocket at Saylor Creek Air Force Range
CH2M HILL WORLD HEADQUARTERS ENGLEWOOD CO
Pagination or Media Count:
Based on the analysis in the final Environmental Assessment, the Air Force has selected Alternative B - Proposed Action. The Proposed Action would allow a variety of munitions and training ordnance, including the M156 White Phosphorus munition, to be employed on SCAFR to support the Combat Search and Rescue CSAR mission of the Idaho Air National Guard IDANG 190th Fighter Squadron and the Idaho Army National Guard IDARNG 1-183d Attack Battalion stationed at Gowen Field, Boise, Idaho. The intent of the proposed action is to provide effective, efficient, and realistic training for the IDANG 190th Fighter Squadron and the IDARNG 1-183d Attack Battalion to become fully mission-capable in CSAR mission, which includes tactical day or night mark employment opportunities. Visible marks are essential during Air Strike Control, CSAR, and Joint Air Attack Training JAAT. The M156 White Phosphorus munition is the only munition currently available to the IDANG that is usable as a mark, especially at night. The proposed number of rockets and ordnance to be employed in the proposed action is the minimum needed to meet the purpose and need of the project. There would be no flexibility to meet new training requirements that may arise because of future deployments.
- Logistics, Military Facilities and Supplies
- Environmental Health and Safety


In Afghanistan, life goes on as though the coronavirus never existed. “Fake news,” some say, even as a second wave has brought on a surge of new cases and hospitalizations.
As coronavirus spreads in Afghanistan, the cracks in the country's healthcare system - already weakened by decades of war - are starting to show. BBC Pakistan and Afghanistan Correspondent Secunder Kermani reports on the country's worsening Covid-19 crisis.
The Afghan government is facing hard decisions over the futures of hundreds of detained radicalised women and their children.
High coronavirus infection rates among health workers – and lopsidedly low numbers among women – are raising fears that Afghan women are missing out on healthcare while their exposure to the virus goes undetected.
Proposed amendment to law would require journalists to reveal sources to government bodies including security agencies.
The Afghanistan wicketkeeper-batsman Shafiqullah Shafaq has been given a six-year ban after he accepted four charges of breaching their anti-corruption code.
Afghanistan is particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 after decades of war smashed the country's health systems and now millions of migrant workers are returning from Iran to all provinces in the country.
Even when their city was repeatedly overrun by the Taliban and fighting reached their doorsteps, the doctors and nurses in the northern Afghan city of Kunduz kept working. They dressed wounds and saved lives at the main government hospital even as a nearby trauma center was bombed, killing more than ...
Human Rights Watch released a new report detailing abuse in cities across the country.
Afghan women and girls with disabilities face high barriers, discrimination, and sexual harassment in accessing government assistance, health care, and schools.
Afghanistan has launched an online education system to help students catch up with their lessons in the time of the novel coronavirus, but this has caused trouble as many school children have no access to the internet.
An Afghan official says at least nine people were killed when a gas cylinder exploded in Kabul.
Salang pass which connects northern parts of Afghanistan to the capital Kabul has been blocked due to heavy snowfalls, an official said on Saturday.
At least 30 people were killed when a gold mine collapsed in Badakhshan province Sunday, local officials said.
Iranian studies room was inaugurated in Education University of Rabbani in Kabul yesterday in a ceremony attended by Iran’s cultural attaché and chancellor of the university.
At least eight civilians including two women were killed in a traffic accident on Wednesday morning in Parwan province when two Toyota Corolla vehicles collided, Parwan provincial traffic department said.
Around three million pilgrims, including Afghans, have begun ascending the plains of Mount Arafat shortly after sunrise on Monday to perform the most important ritual in Hajj.


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domain: travel


I need a 3D image of a frame. Its going to be made of 32 millimitre round tube stainless steel tube. I need it so i can basically click on it and rotate it to show potential clients and manufactorers what it is exactly.
Supplied are rough drawings.
There are instructions on the drawings.
Any questions feel free to ask.
87 freelance font une offre moyenne de $312 pour ce travail
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