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675 Arapeen Drive
Salt Lake City
117 articles with Lipocine Inc.
Lipocine Seeks Injunction Against the Marketing of Clarus Therapeutics' JATENZO® for Testosterone Replacement Therapy
Today announced that it has filed suit against Clarus Therapeutics, Inc. in the United States District Court alleging that Clarus's JATENZO® product infringes six of Lipocine's U.S. patents
Lipocine Late-Breaker Presentation at EASL Meeting to Detail LPCN 1144 MRI-PDFF Based Clinical Results on Reduction of Liver Fat and Key Serum Biomarkers
Lipocine Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, announced acceptance of their abstract for late-breaker presentation on LPCN 1144 clinical results as part of The International Liver Congress™ 2019, the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver.
Lipocine Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, announced today that Dr. Mahesh Patel, Chairman, President and CEO, will provide a corporate overview and LPCN 1144's therapeutic potential for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ("NASH") at the ROTH Battle of the NASH Thrones Spring Investor Conference, being held March 28, 2019 in New York City.
Lipocine Announces Presentation Highlighting Therapeutic Potential of LPCN 1144 in NAFLD and NASH Selected for ENDO 2019
Lipocine Inc. (NASDAQ: LPCN), a specialty pharmaceutical company, announced today that it has been selected to present LPCN 1144 clinical results as part of ENDO 2019.
Lipocine Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, announced financial results for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Lipocine Inc. Announces FDA Clearance of IND to Commence Phase 2 Study of LPCN 1144 in Biopsy Confirmed NASH Subjects
Lipocine Inc. announced that the U.S. Food & Drug Administration indicated that the Phase 2 clinical study of LPCN 1144 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with biopsy confirmed NASH subjects may proceed in response to the Company's Investigational New Drug application.
Lipocine Inc. announced that it has filed an Investigational New Drug application ("IND") with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") to initiate a Phase 2 clinical study of LPCN 1144 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ("NASH") with biopsy confirmed NASH subjects.
Lipocine Inc. today announced approximately eight-week top-line interim results from an ongoing sixteen-week Liver Fat Imaging study ("Liver Fat Study") with LPCN 1144.
Lipocine Inc. (NASDAQ: LPCN), a specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced that the Patent Trial and Appeal Board ("PTAB") of the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") granted Lipocine's Priority Motion in the interference case, Patent Interference No. 106,045, between Clarus Therapeutics, Inc. ("Clarus") U.S. Patent No. 8,828,428 (the "Clarus '428 Patent") and Lipocine Inc.
Lipocine, Inc. today announced completion of a definitive phlebotomy study ("Phlebotomy Study") to assess the extent, if any, of clinically meaningful ex vivo conversion of testosterone undecanoate ("TU") to testosterone ("T") in serum blood collection tubes.
Lipocine Announces LPCN 1144 Clinical Trial Results Selected for Presentation at 2019 NASH-TAG Conference
Lipocine Inc. (NASDAQ: LPCN), a specialty pharmaceutical company, announced today that it has been selected to present LPCN 1144 results as part of the 2019 NASH-TAG Conference.
Lipocine Announces Completion of Enrollment in LPCN 1144 Liver Imaging Study in Subjects At-Risk for NASH
Lipocine Inc. (NASDAQ: LPCN), a specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced the completion of enrollment in the proof-of-concept clinical study with LPCN 1144 to assess liver fat changes in hypogonadal men at risk of developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Lipocine Inc. today announced the completion of enrollment in the ambulatory blood pressure ("ABPM") clinical study for TLANDO™
Lipocine Announces LPCN 1144 Clinical Trial Results Selected for Late-Breaker Presentation at The Liver Meeting® 2018
Lipocine Inc. (NASDAQ: LPCN), a specialty pharmaceutical company, announced today that it has been selected to present LPCN 1144 results as part of the late-breaker session of The Liver Meeting® 2018.
Lipocine Inc. announced today that Dr. Mahesh Patel, Chairman, President and CEO, will provide a corporate overview at the Ladenburg Thalmann 2018 Healthcare Conference, being held October 2, 2018, at the Sofitel Hotel in New York City.
Lipocine Announces Financial and Operational Results for the Second Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Received a Complete Response Letter ("CRL") from the United States Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") regarding the New Drug Application ("NDA") for TLANDO™, the Company's oral testosterone product candidate for testosterone replacement therapy ("TRT") in adult males for conditions associated with a deficiency of endogenous testosterone, also known as hypogonadism.
5/9/2018Shares of Utah-based Lipocine, Inc. are down more than 41 percent in premarket trading after the company announced it received a second Complete Response Letter from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its testosterone replacement therapy product.
Sarepta Therapeutics is breathing a little easier this morning. On Wednesday a federal appeals court supported a previous court’s decision to dismiss charges that the company misled shareholders as it vied to gain approval for its Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment.
Specialty pharmaceutical company today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
LIPOCINE INVESTIGATION INITIATED by Former Louisiana Attorney General: Kahn Swick & Foti, LLC Investigates the Officers and Directors of Lipocine Inc. – LPCN
Former Attorney General of Louisiana, Charles C. Foti, Jr., Esq., a partner at the law firm of Kahn Swick & Foti, LLC, announces that KSF has commenced an investigation into Lipocine Inc.


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Domestic Derivatives Market
a. Current Derivatives Market:
State Bank has allowed limited number of derivative products (swaps and options) to the derivative market participants with certain reporting and disclosure obligations and the market is used only for hedging purpose.
State Bank of Pakistan allows four types of derivative instruments namely:
i. Interest Rate Swaps: An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties where one stream of future interest payments is exchanged for another based on a given principal amount.
ii. Forward Rate Agreements: A forward rate agreement (FRA) is an over-the-counter contract between parties that determines the interest rate or exchange rate to be paid or received on an obligation beginning at a future start date.
iii. Third Currency Options: they are used for exchange rate related risk hedging for trade related transactions such as LC, exports, imports etc
iv. Cross Currency Swaps: A cross-currency swap is an over-the-counter derivative agreement between two parties to exchange interest payments and principal on loans denominated in two different currencies. In a cross-currency swap, a loan's interest payments and principal in one currency would be exchanged for an equally valued loan and interest payments in a different currency.
b. Authorized Derivative Dealers:
“Authorized Derivatives Dealer (ADD)” are institutions that are licensed by SBP to undertake certain derivative transactions. There are currently the following 07 Authorized Derivative Dealers in Pakistan:
1. Citibank N.A.
2. Deutsche Bank AG
3. Faysal Bank Limited
4. Habib Bank Limited
5. MCB Bank Limited
6. Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan) Limited
7. United Bank Limited
c. Non-Market Maker Financial Institutions:
Non-Market Maker Financial Institutions are financial institutions that execute derivatives transactions with its customers with the intention to make a spread. It does not undertake any Market Making and covers the transaction on a back-to-back basis. There is currently only one NMI I.e. The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (FX Options Only)
d. Financial Derivatives Business Regulations:
Financial Derivatives Business Regulation is a framework formulated to permit, regulate, and supervise financial institutions entering into derivative transactions. Financial institutions are required to obtain approval from the State Bank of Pakistan before engaging in derivatives and would be subject to supervision and scrutiny from the State Bank of Pakistan as a supervisory authority.
The State Bank of Pakistan may suspend or withdraw the status of a Financial Institution as an NMI or an ADD to carry out Derivative Business if it finds that the financial institution is in violation of these regulations. The FDBR discusses the permissible derivative transactions for ADDs/NMIs.

domain: law


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Online Ticket Sales Disclosure
The Aurora Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is a 501(C)3 Non-Profit Organization (tax exempt ID: 84-1361515). The Aurora Symphony Orchestra is the primary seller of tickets for all admissions to events related to the ASO. The ASO provides for the sale of tickets to Aurora Symphony Orchestra events through our secure approved online service provider BrownPaperTickets.com. All transactions are processed securely by BrownPaperTickets. The Aurora Symphony Orchestra does not collect, receive or retain any identifiable transaction information from the ticket seller (BrownPaperTickets.com). All tickets sold by BrownPaperTickets.com are subject to processing and handling fees during the checkout process resulting a higher final total than the face value of the ASO ticket.
An Ode to Joy!
February 20 & 21, 2021
DUE TO COVID-19
THE HANGAR at STANLEY MARKETPLACE
Dr. Norman Gamboa, Conductor
Kim Robards, Choreographer
Margaret Ozaki, Soprano
Clea Huston, Mezzo-soprano
Alex Sierra, Tenor
Malcolm Ulbrick, Baritone-Bass
Alpine Chorale, Artistic Director, Dr. David Farwig
Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony is undoubtedly one of the most celebrated masterpieces in western music with its famous “Ode to Joy”. Choreographer Kim Robards created her interpretation of the full symphony in her masterwork "Unstruck Sound" which is the driving force for the unparalleled collaboration. This production intertwines professional modern dance with groundbreaking classical music bringing together Aurora Symphony Orchestra, Kim Robards Dance, The Alpine Chorale and four top vocal soloists.
Remember to arrive 30 minutes early for a pre-concert talk featuring insightful discussions and interesting facts about the choreographic process and musical repertoire led by Maestro Norman Gamboa, Choreographer Kim Robards, and David Farwig, Artistic Director - Alpine Chorale.
Pre-concert talks are included with your concert ticket.
Beethoven - Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125
Copyright 2018 - Aurora Symphony Orchestra. All rights reserved.
Aurora Symphony Orchestra - a 501(C)3 Non-Profit Organization

domain: artistic


text: I am a Kenyan by nationality and a Veterinarian by profession. I am an Associate Professor of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. I have experience in teaching and research in Food animal medicine, wildlife diseases, Food Animal production management and Ethnoveterinary medicine. I have experience in large animal ambulatory clinics and herd health and Research in medicinal plant products. I have a PhD in Clinical Studies from University of Nairobi, an MSc from University of Edinburgh, Scotland and a Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine from the University of Nairobi. I was appointed as the Chairman of the Department of Clinical Studies in July 2015, Associate Professor in November 2014, after having previously been appointed as a Senior Lecturer, Farm Manager of the University of Nairobi, Veterinary Farm, a Lecturer in the Department of Clinical Studies and Farm manager and Clinician at Benedictine Monastery Farm, Tigoni. I have published 32 papers in peer reviewed journals and read 48 articles in scientific conferences and workshops. I have supervised 3 PhDs and 7 masters students to completion and over 10 undergraduate special projects. I am currently involved in the supervision of 2 PhD students and 1 Masters Students. I have attended a number of conferences and workshops. I am also currently involved in research on Moringa oleifera a project funded by Carnegie foundation through RISE AFFNET. I am a member of a number of Faculty committees.

domain: medical


Our industrial way of life has revolved around giant centralized factories for more than a century now. Huge machines have been churning out mass-produced items on assembly lines since the second industrial revolution and it has become a part of the industrial standard. But what if we could skip this entire process in our own homes or businesses, saving costs, and becoming more efficient with the same or even better quality as it has been done in the most advanced state-of-the-art factories on earth? We are at the very verge of a digital manufacturing revolution that will change how everything is done and conceived. This has been going on since the late 90’s and it has continued to grow to the point where the technology now allows us to be our own manufacturer. At FARO we are proud to be part of this exciting revolution! […]
About Joe HerreraThis author has not yet filled in any details.
So far Joe Herrera has created 1 blog entries.


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Actress Deepika Padukone’s upcoming movie is geared up to finally hit the screens on January 25 and the actress is mighty excited for it. Ahead of her movie’s release, the actress has made it to the cover page of OPEN magazine.
Sharing the picture on her social media page, the actress writes, “almost everyday we discover something new about ourselves…sometimes on our own & sometimes from the people around us…Thank You @openmagazineindia for this most wonderful write-up!?”
The magazine has the tagline ‘Being Deepika Padukone, what makes her an Indian original’. The magazine sums up her journey to super stardom and her inspiring story. We love how the cover picture has lent its focus on Deepika’s face and her bright smile. (Also Read: Loud and clear! Deepika Padukone tags Ranveer Singh the best KISSER in the business)
On the work front, the actress is relieved that after several controversies her movie ‘Padmaavat’ will finally hit the big screens on January 25, 2018. It also stars Ranveer Singh and Shahid Kapoor in lead roles.


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Please note, this piece is to be read by those who have either seen Star Trek Into Darkness or who don’t mind having its various plot points spoiled for them. It is a frank discussion of what works and what doesn’t work in the film and will include descriptions of all the major beats, including the ending.
Let me start by saying that I quite like Star Trek Into Darkness. I have now seen the film three times and while I don’t quite love it like I love the 2009 Star Trek — director J.J. Abrams’ first attempt at boldly going and so on – I did enjoy it. The first film certainly has problems of its own, but several things keep you from stopping to think about the film’s issues, mainly the breakneck pace, the incredibly charismatic cast, Michael Giacchino’s fantastic score and, yes, even Abrams’ direction. In fact, it’s most of those same things that help keep Star Trek In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida afloat. But the cracks in the hull are far more apparent this time around, and the whole thing could have easily been a disaster.
After the jump I review the downsides and then move past them to highlight the upsides.
In the first sequence on a fledgling planet we discover that the Enterprise is hiding at the bottom of the ocean. How it got down there without being seen isn’t addressed, nor is why the decision was made to turn a starship into a submarine in the first place. Even Scotty (Simon Pegg) recognizes this by commenting that they’ve been underwater for two days now and it’s “ridiculous.”
Spock (Zachary Quinto) is planning to head into a volatile volcano and detonate a cold fusion device which will freeze the volcano and save the planet. But of course things go wrong, and with no other way to save Spock’s life, Kirk (Chris Pine) violates the Prime Directive by allowing the planet’s inhabitants to see the Enterprise as it rises out of the ocean to save Spock by beaming him back to the ship.
There seems to be no reason why they couldn’t have armed the cold fusion device and just dropped it into the volcano on their way out of town, but that wouldn’t allow the rest of the plot to progress, so instead we get Spock in mortal danger in the first ten minutes of the film. Anyone who actually thinks they’re going to kill Spock in the first ten minutes hasn’t seen very many films. And that’s all without mentioning how this first sequence is basically the same first sequence from Raiders of the Lost Ark. And yet it works, mostly because it’s thrilling in spite of the problems and beautiful to look at as well.
And then there’s John Harrison (Benedict Cumberbatch), Star Trek Infallible Detergent’s villain of sorts. Turns out he’s actually Khan. Yes, that one from Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. And while Trek fans may have wanted to see a new spin on the best bad guy in Starfleet history, I doubt this is what they had in mind. We don’t even know he’s Khan for half the movie and by the time he reveals himself there’s not much time to develop the character before we have to start the business of defeating him. Cumberbatch doesn’t help much either. Fantastic though the Brit may be, particularly on the BBC Sherlock series, here he’s bland and dry as a piece of toast.
In the same role, Ricardo Montalban went famously over the top, crafting an iconic performance. Gone is Khan’s energy and emotion and the feeling that he’s teetering on the edge of Crazytown and may launch a full scale invasion of that place at any time. We’re left with Cumberbatch over-enunciating every word as if to assure us that his mouth works just fine. There’s really nothing about Khan that works, save for the fact that we get a villain that needs to be defeated. And yet the film itself works in spite of this.
To wrap all this up, we fast forward about a year and Kirk is giving a speech about the events of the film and he specifically talks about how the natural instinct is to seek vengeance but that that’s not who we are. The only slight problem with Kirk’s words is that we’ve just spent the last two hours DOING EXACTLY THAT THING. The entire film is a revenge film, every beat. Kirk wanting revenge for Pike, Khan wanting revenge for his crew, Spock wanting revenge for Kirk. In fact, our good friend Erik Davis over at Movies.com wrote about how the film was almost called Star Trek: Vengeance and how that is in fact the title for the film in Russia. So, whether that’s “who we are” or not, the entire film is about vengeance. And yet the film works…
There are other, smaller nitpicks, like the ridiculous title and how warping from one end of the universe to the other is now done in just a few minutes and how Marcus is able to beam Carol from the Enterprise to his ship despite the fact that the Enterprise HAD to have their shields up since they were just being fired upon and how Spock Prime shows up because the plot hasn’t done a decent job of showing Khan to be a dangerous villain so Spock Prime needs to remind us all that the guy is definitely a bad guy whom we should fear. But really, Spock Prime is there because we all love Leonard Nimoy and we want to see him in this new film no matter how much shoehorning it took.
And yet, the film still works…
At least for me it does. I totally understand if some combination of the above issues or ones I didn’t mention that you might have noticed made the film less than enjoyable for you. I get that. And if that’s the case, I’m sorry. I think most of us go into new movies hoping to like them and to go into something as big as Star Trek and be disappointed just plain sucks. But for me it’s still an enjoyable film, and here’s why:
First and foremost, the cast is what makes this movie work. Cumberbatch notwithstanding, the cast is phenomenal. This is the same cast that made the first film work and it’s their relationships and the way they so effortlessly play off each other that makes both films fun to watch despite their flaws. Pine’s Kirk may not be the Kirk from the series, but he’s so damn charismatic and likable, and he plays so well off Quinto’s Spock. Quinto gives a calculated and measured portrayal in the role of the famous Vulcan and the banter between Spock and Kirk is fantastic.
They’re the main ones, but Bruce Greenwood is great as Pike despite his brief screen time. Pegg’s Scotty is hilarious, and given more to do this time around Karl Urban’s Bones is spot on. Sulu (John Cho)and Chekov (Anton Yelchin) are underused but awesome in their moments, and Peter Weller deserves special mention for his no-bullshit performance as Admiral Marcus. It’s an outstanding cast and that’s why it’s able to overcome so many flaws. It’s rare to see so many great actors doing great work.
The cast is even good enough to overcome a very specific issue. While copying the end of Wrath of Khan, STID pulls a reversal and has Kirk go into the radiation core to fix the warp drive, rather than Spock. And then, despite the fact that the audience knows about the healing power of Khan’s blood from the little girl at the beginning of the film, we get a full tearful goodbye as Kirk dies. People are upset because they know the movie’s just going to bring him back to life. I get it. And they’re right, it should feel hollow. Even if you missed it the first time, you know the next time you see the film that he’s going to be alive in about ten minutes. So how could that scene matter at all? How could it have any emotion? Because of Pine and Quinto.
Keep in mind that while we as the audience know that Kirk isn’t really going to die, at this point in the story neither of those characters has any reason to suspect that a miracle cure may save him. They’re saying goodbye as if it’s actually goodbye. Their performance is what makes that scene work when it shouldn’t. I’ll admit it, I teared up the first time I saw it. Giacchino is smart and lets the silence build while Spock takes in the scene and realizes what’s about to happen. And as Kirk and Spock exchange their “final” words, Giacchino brings in a simple, subtle piano that highlights the emotionality of the scene. It’s the perfect compliment to the performances on screen and it makes that scene hold up, even to second and third viewings.
Giacchino gets credit for helping that scene work, as well as countless others throughout the film, as a result of his masterful score. He knows when to push it and when to pull back, when to let silence fill the void and when to crescendo triumphantly to highlight victory, like the moment the Enterprise peeks back through the clouds after having regained power. His score helps to make the movie work even when it shouldn’t.
And then there’s Abrams himself. While Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman and Damon Lindelof may have botched the script, Abrams took it and shot it with style. The scenes don’t seem quite as well-shot or framed or blocked as the scenes in his first Trek outing, but he still makes a few in particular sing, like the opening sequence with Bones and Kirk running through the forest. The shot with the camera in front of Bones showing the spears of the indigenous inhabitants coming right at the screen is not only a great shot but a great use of 3D, and the overhead shot tracking Kirk and Bones as they run out of the forest and jump off the cliff’s edge is fantastic. It’s done at a breakneck pace and starts the film off on the right foot, setting you right down in the middle of things and not giving you a chance to catch your breath before literally hitting the ground running. It may not have the grandeur or the epic nature of the opening of the first film, but it’s still a damn good way to open a movie.
Ultimately, these elements make the movie work. They are able to overcome the films numerous faults and they turn the film into a fun and enjoyable experience even on multiple viewings. I can certainly understand if it doesn’t work for some people. The flaws are legion. But for me, the cast, the score and Abrams all worked together to make a film that I liked. And I’m excited to see what they do next.
Related Topics: JJ Abrams


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CSA Registry Strives for Security Transparency of Providers
Recognizing just how important security is to potential and current cloud services customers, the Cloud Security Alliance is launching a registry that documents the security controls of cloud computing providers.
The CSA Security, Trust and Assurance Registry (STAR) strives to “encourage transparency of practices within cloud providers,” according to the alliance. The document will be available free of charge to anyone interested in how (and how well) cloud service providers are locking down their offerings.
One caveat: STAR is a vendor-created document, and vendors that choose to take part submit self-assessments to document their compliance to the best practices published by CSA. CSA doesn’t go out and gather the information itself; users basically will have to trust that what the vendor says is true.
STAR, which will go online in the fourth quarter of 2011, will include two types of reports submitted by the vendors: the Consensus Assessments Initiative Questionnaire (CAIQ), which provides industry-accepted ways to document what security controls exist in IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS offerings; and the Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM), which provides a controls framework to show the vendor understands and practices the guidance put forth by the CSA.
STAR will also list solution providers that have integrated CAIQ, CCM and other GRC Stack components into their compliance management tools so users can more easily extend their GRC monitoring across their entire enterprise and work with multiple cloud providers, according to the CSA.
Once STAR goes online, interested cloud providers can submit their reports for either of the two categories.
Considering the high-profile security breaches in the cloud space over the past 12 months, the CSA may be on to something with this registry. However, its success will depend largely on the information provided by the vendors. And when it comes to the security of data in the cloud, that’s something vendors don’t want to mess around with.

domain: news


Torres, the founder of The Good Good Collective, was one of 20 recipients who received funding this year through Bad Bunny's campaign, which awards grants to people doing positive work in the Latinx community. Torres' group brings free art programs and education to underserved communities of color.
Torres used a portion of the funds to sponsor the mural, located at 1874 W. Laurel St. Her Good Good Collective chose local Puerto Rican-born muralists and sisters Angelica “MYTH” Leandra and Paola “DANE” Sanchez to work on the project.
“We have been following their journey over the years, and their work captivates our hearts,” Torres said of the pair.
The colorful artwork includes a stylized representation of Torres and of Bad Bunny himself. In the center are the words "Deja Tu Huella," meant to inspire viewers to “leave their mark” on their community.
Torres said the award money from the Deja Tu Huella campaign — which is cosponsored by Bad Bunny and Cheetos — also well help her organize The Good Good Collective as a 501c3 nonprofit.
The two muralists were all smiles Wednesday afternoon as they put finishing touches on the project. Leandra said viewers can find motifs representative of Latino culture, Torres and Bad Bunny in the mural.
Fittingly, the new project sits adjacent another 65-foot mural completed last year by Leandra. That nearby painting honors Monique Rodriguez, a 29-year-old woman who was struck and killed by a suspected drunken driver while waiting at the Navidad and Culebra bus stop.
While inspecting the wall and going over what needed to be done prior to completion, Leandra said the mural was in “the home stretch” and hopes it will be done soon, weather permitting.
Torres said she's eager for the new mural to bring more awareness to the work of the two muralists. The sisters also share their talents with the community by teaching art in classrooms across San Antonio.
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Wind River Solutions For The Space Market – The Complete Guide.
For nearly three decades, Wind River has provided NASA with the most proven software platform to bring dozens of intelligent systems to space, resulting in some of the most significant space missions in history.
Aerospace and defense companies have the highest urgent focus on building the most complete intelligent systems now.
With technology proven by more than 360 customers over 600 safety programs in more than 100 civilian and military aircraft, Wind River® has over three decades of experience helping to build safe, secure, and reliable computing systems for demanding commercial aircraft, space exploration, and military operations.
Download the video to watch the complete guide.


Come learn Scottish Country Dancing! This session runs for 10 weeks (Jan 10 - Mar 18) at the price of $100 per person. Check out http://www.dancescottish.ca/Lessons.html for more information.
The RSCDS Toronto Association offers Scottish Country Dance classes for adults of all ages and dancing abilities, including those who are just beginning, those who have danced for decades, and everyone in between. Come join us and share the wonderful experience of Scottish Country Dance!
The Level 1 dancer learns the five basic steps of Scottish country dance, and some of common formations. These elements are combined in simple dances that incorporate the steps and formations taught. After 10 weeks you’ll be fully equipped to join in the fun of the annual Family Christmas Dance with live music, and a crowd of experienced dancers eager to be your partner.
Colin Philip is the Thursday evening’s RSCDS teacher. He was a teenage member of the fabled Georgina Finlay dance demo team. Colin loves to share his joy in Scottish Country Dance with beginners. He knows it will keep you fit, it will make you new friends — it may even change your life!


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A much needed bit of good news for Tribe fans.
Marvel have just snagged A Tribe Called Quest’s Ali Shaheed Muhammad to score their upcoming Netflix series Luke Cage, the shows executive producer revealed.
“It’s very sophisticated,” said producer Cheo Hodari Coker in an interview with Entertainment Weekly comparing the show to The Wire, “I mean, it’s got a ’90s hip-hop vibe, but it’s really forward-thinking.”
Muhammad isn’t alone either. He’s collaborating with composer Adrian Younge who produced Ghostface Killah’s Twelve Reasons To Die II last year.
The series stars Mike Colter in the role of the iconic comic book hero and follows Daredevil and Jessica Jones, series that have focused on a grittier and down-to-earth look at the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The series premieres September 30 on Netflix.
Last month, fans of the legendary hip-hop group were shaken by founding member Phife Dawg’s sudden death.


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Making a Killing, which will be shown Friday, July 22 at 7pm, is a timely look at the costs of gun ownership to our society. The NRA spent more than $27 million on congressional races in 2014, according to opensecrets.org, which monitors political lobbying. In recent years the guns and ammunition industry had estimated revenues of more than $11 billion annually. The documentary notes that one person in the U.S. is killed with a gun every 16 minutes and that 92% of Americans favor background checks on all gun buyers.
The film is part of the free monthly fourth-Friday Film programs that are sponsored by the Social Justice Team of the Unitarian Universalist Society of Geneva. The public is encouraged to register at http://uusg.org/friday-flicks/ to receive email notices of future programs.
The Unitarian Universalist Society of Geneva, established in 1842 and the oldest church in Geneva, is a diverse, welcoming community that endeavors to make its Covenant a living reality. We provide religious education and opportunities for spiritual growth. We encourage individual and mutual responsibility as together we work to be a liberal religious voice in the community and a force for compassionate social justice. For more information, visit uusg.org.
This item was posted by a community contributor. To read more about community contributors, click here.


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I love the idea of one pot meals. They are easy to make, usually packed with vegetables, and keep cleaning up to a minimum. Since I don't have a slow-cooker (yet!) my only other options are stews in a dutch oven, or casseroles. While leafing through my newest issue of Women's Health, I found a great recipe for a quinoa casserole. I've never used quinoa in my own cooking before, but I really like the texture of it and, of course, all of its great mineral properties.
I made the casserole with butternut squash, onion, baby bellas, and ground white turkey meat.
The end result was really fantastic. The quinoa had a great soft almost risotto texture to it and all the vegetables softened well in the mixture (which simmers in chicken broth before it is placed in the oven for 35 minutes). It was filling and fibrous, and served with some spinach on the side added to this meals already high nutritional value. I would definitely make it again and mix it up by using different vegetables like eggplant and zucchini. I am going to try and find more ways to use quinoa in my cooking- my only gripe is the difficult process of rinsing the grain. It is very very tiny, and without the proper strainer, is a little bit of a mess. I put the quinoa in a pot of water, then slowly drained out the water by tipping the pot slightly and holding my hand near the top to act as a catcher. I lost some of the little grains this way, so if you think you are going to be using quinoa often- I suggest investing in an appropriate strainer!

domain: food


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Feb. 4, 2013
-- BH Properties LLC, a Los Angeles-based commercial real estate investment firm that has a penchant for working through difficult transactions, time-sensitive closing factors and an expertise in repositioning real estate, has opened 2013 with an approximate $10 million acquisition of a 147,194-square-
foot office property located at 2085 Rustin, Riverside.
“This transaction closed at a great price for a high quality asset and is a perfect way to start 2013,” said Executive Vice President of BH Properties Steve Jaffe. “We had one of our most successful years in our 15 years as a company, with more than $70 million in acquisitions and dispositions in 2012 and we expect to keep it going in 2013, aggressively expanding further into our core markets.”
Built in 1983, the two-story Rustin property underwent extensive tenant improvements in 2000. Situated on approximately 14.5 acres at the base of the Box Springs Mountains, the building allows for regional accessibility and provides occupants quick access to multiple major Southern California freeways including I-215, I-10 and state route 91. It features an abundance of surface parking with approximately 1,213 stalls resulting in a parking ratio of just over eight per 1,000 square feet. The property is currently 64 percent occupied by publicly traded telecommunications giant AT&T.
BH Properties’ Director of Acquisitions Andrew Van Tuyle, noted, “The combination of lot size, clear height and parking ratio allows us to offer amenities not available anywhere else in Riverside. We are excited for what the future holds.” He added, “This transaction played to our strengths: fast closings on complicated deals that other buyers find problematic. Our “solution oriented” approach is always appreciated by brokers. We’ve now completed deals with all of the major special servicers, and are looking forward to continuing our success on Auction.com.”
BH Properties was represented by David Mudge of Lee & Associates while the seller, Century Park Partners, LLC was represented by Sean Fulp of Rockwood Real Estate Advisors. The marketing of the asset was handled by Auction.com.
About BH Properties, LLC:
Founded in 1997, BH Properties is a Los Angeles-based commercial real estate investment company that focuses primarily on troubled assets in the industrial, multi-family, office and retail markets. With regional offices in Dallas and Salt Lake City, BH Properties has developed its own distinctive acquisition strategies in 18 states and become one of the repositioning experts in its core markets including California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Texas, and Oklahoma. For more information, please call (310) 820-8888 or visit http://www.bhproperties.com

domain: geography


text:
It's mid-2015, two weeks after the SCOTUS decision declaring same-sex marriage legal in all 50 states. The general public has been waiting for this victory for months, but is this the end of LGBTQ issues in America? Certainly not. With violence increasing for transgender people and a consistent and unbelievably large percentage of homeless queer youth existing in the U.S., this success is a minuscule portion of an indefatigable deconstruction that has been going on for decades.
In this new millennium, especially in the last five years, queer visibility has been more prominent in popular media than ever before. With musicians with widespread acclaim like Sam Smith and Frank Ocean populating the radio waves, it's hard to get away from queer art in American society. But, with these artists releasing successful music and garnering accolades for their artistic prowess, visibility is still a major issue. From cryptic lyrics to music videos depicting paradoxical messages, queer musicians in mainstream media still don't have the liberty to express themselves. I mean, we don't even have a pop artists using correct pronouns to describe their queer relationship! The message of heterosexism in music still persists, with lyrics specifically designed to attract, comfort, and align with straight people while simultaneously relegating its message onto those who are not. With so many queer people making music in this world, why is pop music still so straight-oriented?
One of the biggest, most notorious things that happens in popular music is something called straight-washing, which happens in the music video for Sam Smith's
big single "I'm Not the Only One". While Sam Smith has had open dialogue about his sexuality on various news platforms, the music video for his single prominently displays a straight couple dealing with infidelity. Some might say that it is merely a video, a narrative that has nothing to do with straightness but with romantic complications. But it is too normal in our society for a queer person's story to be contorted to a straight person's archetype. This is a concept known as straight-washing, where heterosexism is enforced and uplifted at the expense of the visibility of queer people. Where a gay man's art has finally reached mainstream audience, a display of visual acts of straightness in the music video has replaced the message. Queer people not being able to exist in their own music videos proves that their are great strides left for the LGBTQ community. Though Sam Smith has become a recognizable name among modern pop icons, with his identity out and proud, a favoritism of straightness and the disproportional accessibility to straight music vs queer music is still prominent in American society today.
With Sam Smith the newest emblem of queerness in pop music, an even fresher face, as of a couple weeks ago, released video material that is interestingly controversial. Hayley Kiyoko
, an emerging pop artist from Los Angeles, released a video for her song "Girls Like Girls," a soliloquy of simplicity singing girls like girls like boys do. While it is not the most nuanced approach to explaining the commonality of queer intimacy, the video embarks on a tale of two young women connecting and showcasing their romantic affection. It's a relentless display of youthful queer love, which is really cool to see when so much of the media we ingest is based around straight people being in love, finding love, searching for love, etc. To my disappointment, Hayley Kiyoko is not queer and many aspects of the video reveal that, especially the tired tropes about female queerness that are represented in the boyfriend figure in the music video. But I think that the video and the song as pieces of art, working to decimate a Westernized supremacy based on sexual identity, do a fine job in showcasing this romance in an uninhibited manner.
The power of pop music is that it's undeniably accessible; it's on the radio, on TV, blasting from convenient stores, and basically everywhere else. While there are countless musicians deconstructing homophobia and transphobia through their art like Angel Haze, Cakes Da Killa, and Perfume Genius, their message isn't always reaching a wide audience because they aren't part of the pop world. This is incredibly disheartening especially when those distancing themselves from a corporate industry like American pop music are the ones that need to be heard the most. But, as our society keeps expanding on a general cognizance and tolerance of queer people, more and more pop artists are making their way into mainstream idolatry. Though we definitely don't know what victories queer people will have in the music business following the legalization of same-sex matrimony, seldom do we see queer women, gender non-conforming, or trans people in the realm of popular music culture. I'm grateful for the strides America has made and the countless queer musicians that have inspired me and the few queer pop stars reconstructing popular media, but I'm still praying for the day straight-washing becomes as archaic as the printing press.

domain: sociology


Scarborough councillors clash over affordable housing plan
Scarborough councillors have clashed over plans from the borough authority to build hundreds of new affordable homes on open spaces.
Earlier this year Scarborough Council revealed it was looking to partner with the private sector in order to meet a shortfall in high-quality homes in order to reduce the borough’s housing waiting list.
The authority wants to create a fifty-fifty partnership in a Joint Venture, possibly with a registered social landlord (RSL) to help meet its housing targets.
Following a public consultation, nine sites have been identified that are set to be taken forward with the council due to start a procurement process to find a partner for the Joint Venture.
Yesterday, members of the council’s Lives and Homes Overview and Scrutiny Committee scrutinised the plans with members clashing over the best way forward.
Cllr Bill Chatt said he was concerned about the cost to the council with £840,000 in upfront costs and £100,000 in annual costs for up to 30 years.
Council director Richard Bradley said the costs to the council would be recovered from the joint-partnership and the scheme would be “cost neutral” to the authority.
Cllr Chatt said it was also “unfair” that the consultation process was being undertaken during the pandemic when “many people are sat at home and do not dare go out and get involved in anything”.
Any site taken forward would require planning permission before it would be handed over to the joint-venture and each site would have to be signed off by the council’s cabinet individually.
The committee today heard that the Joint Venture was the best way for the council to maintain control of the type and standard of homes to be built on the sites.
Cllr Sam Cross of the Yorkshire Coast Independents Alliance, said that he did not think the council should move forward with the scheme as it was.
He said: “I am a bit concerned.
“I have been listening to what has been said that eight of these [sites] are public open space and I think in these Covid times is it really proper use [of the land] building houses when they come at the cost of losing public open space.”
Cllr Cross said he would like the council to move forward with just “one or two” sites.
The council’s legal director, Lisa Dixon responded that this was the “start of the process” and that the scheme would be coming back to the authority later in the year when more information would be available to councillors before they had to “press the button” to agree the Joint Venture.
There are currently 2,000 families on Scarborough’s housing waiting list with the council estimating it needs to build 220 affordable homes a year to keep up with demand.
Since 2016 it has averaged just 110 a year.
Cllr Chatt told the meeting that the council should hold off until the Government announces its Local Government Reorganisation plan for North Yorkshire that will see district councils, including Scarborough, scrapped.
He said: “This is selling the family jewellery before the reorganization of local government comes in.”
The Cluster of Independent Members councillor added that the communities were not in favour of losing the open spaces and the councillors were being “rushed” into a decision.
The former cabinet member added: “Every time we have tried this in the past it has not really paid dividends for the borough.
“What it has actually done is embarrass us.”
Labour Cllr Joanne Maw said that the council had to tackle the housing crisis in the borough.
She said: “Yes, open spaces really are important but so are homes for people to live in. It is in the report that we have got 2,000 people waiting for a home.
“It is a fantastic opportunity to have homes for people who desperately need them, why shouldn’t we allow people to get onto the housing ladder?”
Cllr Jane Mortimer added the authority could not sit and wait for the Government to make a decision on Local Government Reorganisation.
She added: “We do not even know if it is going to go ahead, we could wait for months and still not move forward.
“I think now is the time to start.”
The sites being considered include a parcel of land that encompasses two holes of Whitby Golf Club that could provide up to 60 homes.
Two large areas at Musham Bank in Eastfield are also in the scheme and are earmarked for up to 600 homes.
The sites classed as public open spaces, which will also proceed as part of the scheme include two pieces of land at Rievaulx Road and one in California Road in Whitby. Land at Sandybed Lane and Sandybed Crescent in Scarborough and open spaces in Clarence Drive, Filey and Moor Lane, Newby are also included.
Land at West End View in Cayton and Prince of Wales Terrace in Scarborough have been dropped from the proposal following the consultation period.
More than 100 objections were received during the consultation to the parcels of land being used for affordable housing.
Last year, the cabinet gave the green light for the scheme which will work with providers of social housing and private developers to address a homes shortage due to the average house price in the borough being nine times the local average wage.
The council sees the Better Homes project as critical to addressing the borough’s shortage of quality housing for local people, which is also affordable.
The committee today voted to recommend the scheme to Cabinet, with councillors Cross and Chatt both voting against.


text:
Signs of Dehydration
Disclaimer: I am not a health care professional. Please seek the advice of your doctor before you change your diet, exercise program, or make any other lifestyle changes.
Why is Water so Important?
The medical definition of dehydration is when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. If the lost fluid is not replaced, dehydration occurs. Keeping yourself hydration is of the utmost importance. However, in a warm climate, it is even more important since more of the body’s moisture is expelled by sweat. It is necessary for our bodies to sweat when we become heated. Sweating is actually a cooling system for our bodies and is especially essential when in a warm climate. There are three ways the body loses moisture; sweating, urinating and bowel movements, and through the moisture in the breath as one exhales.
“According to Dr. Jeffrey Utz, Neuroscience, pediatrics, Allegheny University, different people have different percentages of their bodies made up of water. Babies have the most, being born at about 78%. By one year of age, that amount drops to about 65%. In adult men, about 60% of their bodies are water. However, fat tissue does not have as much water as lean tissue. In adult women, fat makes up more of the body than men, so they have about 55% of their bodies made of water.” Most of the water in the human body is found in the cells. There are also water molecules in the blood vessels. In order for the body to function properly, water that is lost must be replaced.
Dangers of Dehydration
If your body isn’t properly hydrated, it can suffer in many ways. The kidneys usually shut down. A person can go into shock causing the other vital organs to begin to fail. It is possible that the person will eventually become confused, disoriented and at worst, slip into a coma. Because water is required to balance the electrolytes in the body, when one is dehydrated, the potassium level drops causing heart arrhythmia or seizures.
If any of the previously mentioned dangers are suspect, contact emergency medical professionals as soon as possible.
How do you Know When you are Dehydrated?
Thirst is the first sign. If you become thirsty your body is telling you it needs water. Also, if any of the following symptoms occur, definitely drink more water:
- Your eyes stop making tears
- You stop sweating in a warm climate
- You have heart palpitations
- Your urine becomes less in amount and frequency and is more yellow in color
- You feel chills or cold in a warm climate
- You feel weakness or dizziness
- You develop a headache along with any other symptom
- You experience muscle cramps
- You develop dry mouth
- Your skin loses its elasticity. You can tell by making an imprint with your finger and waiting to see if the imprint fills back in quickly. If it doesn’t, you need to drink.
When in the process of rehydrating, be sure to do it slowly. Have plenty of water available, and slowly sip on it until you begin feeling better.
Water is Life
- Dehydration Symptoms, Treatment, Reaction - MedicineNet
Read about dehydration in children, adults, symptoms (thirst, dry mouth, dark urine), causes (vomiting, diarrhea), and treatment options.
- Dehydration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A brief definition of dehydration.
- Water properties: The water in you (Water Science for Schools)
Water properties: The water in you. From USGS's Water Science for Schools water site.
How Much Do You Drink?
How many ounces of water do you drink per day?
Be Happy! Be Healthy!
Tips to Stay Hydrated
- Use a straw when you drink
- Drink 1 cup (8 ounces) before each meal and first thing in the morning
- Have water with meals instead of tea, soda, or juice
- Keep a glass of water at your bedside to drink in the event you wake up thirsty during the night
- Carry a water container with you to work, shopping, or anywhere you go and sip on it
It is recommended that the average adult human drink 64 to 92 ounces of plain water a day. The amount varies depending on climate, activity, weight, age, and medical history. In addition to the recommended amount of water, other fluids like coffee, tea, soda, and juice may be consumed as well.
Thank you for reading my article. I hope you found it useful and educational. Please feel free to share your thoughts in the comments section below.
"Be kind to one another" ~ Ellen
God Bless You ~ Margaret Sullivan


text:
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domain: economics


Every weekday through Dec. 18, MinnPost and TPT are teaming up to present an illustrated essay from the United Nations summit on climate change by David Gillette, a frequent contributor to TPT’s “Almanac.”
More like this
- Day 2: Power dynamics, power players take center stage
- Business as usual? Poorer nations worrying about possibility of a 'back-room deal'
- Two weeks of grueling COP15 debate ... and then the big letdown
- Week One recap: There's progress -- and pressure to produce -- as we await arrival of world's leaders
- Copenhagen: An aura of gloom hangs over climate conference


Broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system
||Broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system
||Sarma, et al.
||August 8, 2000
||April 7, 1998
||Mangalam; Sivaramakrishman M. (Williamsburg, VA)
Sarma; Garimella Ramakrishna (Newport News, VA)
||Tao of Systems Integration, Inc. (Williamsburg, VA)|
|Attorney Or Agent:
||Kaufman & Canoles
|Field Of Search:
||701/7; 701/14; 702/45; 702/47; 73/181; 73/204.11; 73/861.61; 244/53B
|U.S Patent Documents:
||3906792; 4300200; 4437343; 4483191; 4766767; 4794793; 5063777; 5214596; 5299455; 5423209; 5756891; 5797105
|Foreign Patent Documents:
||A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system is provided. The airspeed measuring system has multiple vortex generating probes located within a venturi section. At least one rearward facing probe and one forward facing probe are included. Additional probes can be added to extend the high speed range of the airspeed indicator. A splitter plate or plates separate flow channels from each other to provide a separate flow channel for each vortex probe. Each vortex probe has a hot film sensor and anemometer.
||What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system comprising:
means for measuring true airspeed in forward and rearward flight, wherein said means for measuring true airspeed comprises:
a first wedge having a forward facing apex and a rearward facing base, and
a second wedge having a rearward facing apex and a forward facing base;
means for accelerating airflow attached to said means for measuring true airspeed;
a processor unit attached to and receiving signals from said means for measuring true airspeed; and
a cockpit display unit connected to said processor unit.
2. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system as in claim 1 wherein said means for measuring true air speed comprises a venturi tube having a flow axis aligned with a aircraft's longitudinal axis.
3. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system as in claim 1 wherein said means for measuring true air speed comprises hot film sensors attached to the bases of said first and second wedges.
4. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system as in claim 1 wherein said means for accelerating airflow comprises a forward facing bellmouth attached to said means for measuring said true airspeed.
5. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system as in claim 1 wherein said means for accelerating airflow comprises a rearward facing bellmouth attached to said means for measuring said true airspeed.
6. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system comprising:
a mounting bracket for attachment to a aircraft;
a venturi tube having forward and rearward ends and attached to said mounting bracket;
a forward facing bellmouth connected to the forward end of said venturi tube;
a rearward facing bellmouth connected to the rearward end of said venturi tube;
a splitter plate located within said venturi tube;
a first wedge having a rearward facing apex opposite a flat base and located on a first side of said splitter plate;
a second wedge having a forward facing apex opposite a flat base and located on a second side of said splitter plate;
a first hot film sensor located on the flat base of said first wedge;
a second hot film sensor located on the flat base of said second wedge;
a first anemometer connected to said first hot film sensor;
a second anemometer connected to said second hot film sensor;
a digital signal processor connected to said first and second anemometers;
a cockpit display unit connected to said digital signal processor; and
a static port connected to said cockpit display unit.
7. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system as in claim 1 wherein said means for measuring true airspeed is a cylindrical probe.
8. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system as in claim 1 wherein said means for accelerating airflow is a portion of an aircraft structure.
9. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system as in claim 8 wherein the aircraft structure is the aircraft fuselage.
10. A broad-range, multi-directional aircraft airspeed measuring system as in claim 1 wherein said means for accelerating airflow is an internal venturi tube mounted within an aircraft structure.
||FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is related to aircraft instrumentation and in particular to airspeed measuring devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Aircraft airspeed measurements are required for aerodynamic control, providing indicated airspeeds for stall speeds, landing speeds, never-exceed speeds, and true airspeeds for navigation, weapons release ballistics and a variety of other uses. Typically, aircraft speed is measured by pitot-static systems which provide indicated airspeed, that is, the ram or dynamic pressure compared to the static pressure for the particular altitude. The indicated airspeed provides information to the pilotfor aerodynamic speed control to set such speeds as landing speed, best glide speed, maneuvering speeds and other aerodynamic speeds.
Indicated airspeeds are dependent on air density and may be significantly different from true airspeed. True airspeed is required to determine the actual path of the aircraft, for example, navigation, intercepts, bomb delivery, etc. Prior artsystems generally measure indicated airspeed and use an air data computer or other calculating means to determine true speed. Several problems arise with the existing airspeed devices. First, measurement accuracy is dependent on the alignment of thepitot head with the incoming airflow. At large yaw angles or at high angles of attack, significant errors are introduced. Additionally, the operating range of the pitot-static system is limited. At low air speeds, the dynamic-static pressuredifferences are too small for accurate readings. Typically below approximately 30 knots, pitot-static systems become unusable. A system is needed which can produce accurate results over a speed range from near zero to 250 Kts and which can acceptfreestream flow angle changes up to 30 degrees. The lower speed range is necessary for accurate weapons delivery and flight control for hovering or slow moving aircraft and the angle range is necessary to provide accuracy over the angle-of-attack andside-slip operating envelope of a typical combat aircraft.
Numerous devices have been developed to measure the low speed operation of aircraft. Typically, these devices calculate indicated airspeed using complex computations of main rotor longitudinal and lateral cyclic pitch positions, along withcollective pitch and tail rotor pitch. These devices typically require additional input data, such as inertial acceleration, inertial velocity, and wind velocity. The complexity, cost and weight of these types of systems have prevented the wide-spreadacceptance of these systems.
A simple, low cost system is needed which can provide accurate data over a broad range of airspeeds and directions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide an aircraft airspeed system having an operating range between zero and 250 knots during forward flight.
It is another object of the invention to provide an aircraft airspeed system having an angular operating range of .+-.30.degree. in both yaw and angle-of-attack during forward flight.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide an aircraft airspeed system having an operating range of zero to 100 knots during rearward flight.
It is still another object of the invention to provide an aircraft airspeed system having an angular operating range of .+-.30.degree. in both yaw and angle-of-attack during rearward flight.
It is a further object of the invention is to provide an aircraft airspeed system having an accurate true airspeed indication independent of altitude and ambient temperature.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an aircraft airspeed system producing inherently dominant and discrete vortex shedding frequencies through the operational speed range.
In accordance with the foregoing and other objects, the present invention is a broad-range, multiple-directional airspeed system. The system has a venturi tube for mounting on an aircraft with the flow axis of the tube aligned with thelongitudinal axis of the aircraft array. Inside the venturi tube, a pair of wedges are mounted side-by-side, but separated with a splitter plate. An additional pair of wedges also separated by splitter plates are optionally stacked within the venturitube to provide extended speed range for the airspeed system. One wedge has an apex edge facing toward the forward end of the venturi tube and the other wedge has an apex edge facing toward the rearward end of the venturi tube. On each wedge, hot-filmsensors are located to measure the frequency of shed vortices. The signal voltages from the hot-film sensor containing the shed vortices frequency is sent to a digital-signal processor for calculation
of true airspeed, through an anemometer system. An alternate version of the system has a dual-tube configuration, one tube providing a venturi-effect and one tube having a substantially constant cross-section. The dual-tube configurationincreases the useful speed range of the measurement system by providing accelerated airflow in the converging-diverging tube for the low speed range, and unaccelerated freestream flow in the constant cross-section tube.
The system provides true airspeed independent of density and temperature. Thereafter, the processed data is displayed on a cockpit display and provided to the aircraft's weapons computer. Additional processing, using static pressure from staticports or existing altimeter systems, provides indicated airspeed without the use of pitot or ram pressure sensors. The probe can be replaced quickly when needed without any extra calibration. Provision of multiple hot-films on the wedge create abundantredundancy on balance reliability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing objects and other advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description and reference to the appended drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side view of the airspeed measurement system shown mounted on a representative aircraft.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the sensor assembly of the invention with a schematic representation of the processing and display units.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the venturi and sensor assembly.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged front view of the wedges within the venturi tube.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the wedge sensor in operation.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a dual-venturi embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional front view of the dual-venturi embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a graphical depiction of the signals generated by the hot film anemometers for a low airspeed.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the essential components of the airspeed measurement system.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the aircraft showing two alternate embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIG. 1, the airspeed measuring system of the present invention, designated generally by the reference numeral 10, is shown mounted on a representative aircraft 9 aligned with the aircraft's longitudinal axis. The system 10 andsensor assembly located within dashed circle II are shown in greater detail in FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 shows the venturi tube 11 enclosed in the mounting bracket 16 and additional components located within the aircraft. A forward facing bellmouth 12 is attached to the venturi tube 11 on a forward end for receiving the airflow 14 duringforward flight of the aircraft. Additionally, a rearward facing bellmouth 18 is attached to the rearward end of venturi tube 11 for receiving the airflow 17 created by rearward flight of the aircraft. From the hot-film sensors within the venturi tube11, voltage signals are processed using hot-film anemometers and digital signal processor (DSP) unit 19. Thereafter, signals are sent to the cockpit display unit 21. The processed data provide true airspeed to the cockpit display 21. Processing withinthe cockpit display 21 allows for the calculation of indicated airspeed (from the true airspeed) using readings from a static port 23 or from onboard alitimetry instruments 25.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a front view of the venturi tube 11 and the forward bellmouth 12 shows the sensor assembly 31 within dashed circle IV. The sensor assembly 31 comprises two wedge probes separated by a splitter plate 33, a forward facingwedge 36 and a rearward facing wedge 35. The details within dashed circle IV may be seen more clearly in FIG. 4.
FIG. 4, a view looking from the front of the venturi tube, shows the splitter plate 33 separating the forward facing wedge 36 and the rearward facing wedge 35. The forward facing wedge 36 is formed in the shape of an isosceles triangle having aflat base facing the airflow and a right angle apex facing rearward. The right angle apex 37 on the rearward facing wedge 35 faces the forward end of the venturi tube. An isosceles is not required within the scope of the invention. Any probe shapewhich produces discrete and dominant shed vortices can be used. For example, cylindrical probes can be used without the venturi by placing the probes in an area of accelerated flow around an existing aircraft structure. The forward facing wedge 36shows the flat base 39 having two hot-film sensors 38 attached. Both wedges are identical having hot-film sensors on the flat bases and 900 apexes facing the downstream direction of the flow.
Operation of the wedge 36 and sensor 38 may be seen in FIG. 5. As air 17 moves around the wedge 36, well-defined vortices 43 and 45 are detached from the rear edges of the wedge 36. The vortex flow is sensed by the hot film sensor 38 connectedto an anemometer which produces a signal voltage matching the vortex shedding frequency, f, corresponding to the interval t shown between vortices. A voltage or current signal provides the frequency f of shed vortices from the wedge 36 and the flowvelocity may then be determined by the relationship
k=a dimension-less constant independent of fluid density and velocity
d=the cross sectional dimension of the wedge (m)
f=frequency (Hz) of the shed vortices.
Referring now to FIG. 6, a dual-venturi tube configuration 61 of the airspeed measurement system is shown. A first tube comprising a two-dimensional conveying-diverging tube 62 and a second tube 63 having a relatively constant cross-section andlittle or no convergence. Tube 62 is attached to the underside of an aircraft fuselage as previously described and tube 63 is attached to the underside of tube 62. The upper venturi tube 62 has a wide-mouth inlet 65 and exit 66. At the center of theupper venturi tube 62, a throat section 67 provides the highest flow velocity and the location of the sensor wedge probes 35 and 36. This throat section 67 accelerates the free stream air sufficiently to provide vortex shedding at a freestream velocityof approximately one knot. At the same time, acceleration of the airflow at high freestream velocities can cause choked flow prior to the design maximum of 250 knots true airspeed. During this speed regime, true airspeed is measured in the relativelystraight tube 63 where little acceleration of the freestream flow occurs. The cross-section VII of the throat region may be seen in FIG. 7.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional front view of the dual-venturi configuration 61 taken at the throat section 67. Because of the convergence of the inlet 65, airflow passing through the throat section 67 is accelerated to approximately three timesfreestream velocity. This acceleration feature allows accurate airspeed measurement at very low freestream velocities, down to approximately 1.0 knots with accuracies of approximately 0.1 knots. Forward facing wedges 36, rearward facing wedges 35 andthe splitter plate 33 are shown for reference.
Typical signals obtained from the hot-film sensors for an airspeed of 10 miles per hour are shown in FIG. 8. The voltage variations represent the frequency of vortex detachment from the wedge. Channel 1 is the forward facing wedge (flat face tothe flow). Channel 2 is the rearward facing wedge which shows well-defined flow frequency during rearward flight, but irregular voltages as shown here, during forward flight.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the essential components of the airspeed measurement system 10. The hot film sensor 38 is operated by anemometer 71 using constant voltage methods while measuring voltage changes. The digital signal processor (DSP)19 calculates true airspeed based on shed vortex frequency reported by the hot-film film sensor. True airspeed is then displayed on cockpit display unit 21. While, for purposes of illustration, the invention shows discrete components to perform thevarious signal processing and control required to operate the hot-film sensors, in the preferred embodiment, a single circuit board incorporates all necessary processing. Additionally, hot wire may be substituted for the hot-film sensors.
FIG. 10 shows two alternate embodiments of the invention installed on the helicopter 9. The probe 69 in one embodiment is a cylindrical probe located in an area of accelerated flow due to the shape of the fuselage. In this embodiment, it is notnecessary to provide dual probes as the cylinder creates the necessary vortex pattern with airflow from any direction. A further alternative includes an internal installation having an internal venturi tube 73 having bi-directional probes as previouslydescribed.
The features and advantages of the present invention are numerous. The system is a broad range, multi-directional airspeed measuring system operating from very low airspeeds, near zero, by providing both forward and rearward facing bellmouths toproduce a known acceleration of the flow prior to measurement. This acceleration results in shed vortices around the sensor with very slow aircraft movement, approximately 1.0 knots. The shed vortex frequency is dependent only on velocity and isindependent of density and temperature. As a result, no correction is necessary for altitude and ambient temperature and true airspeed can be measured directly.
Although the invention has been described relative to a specific embodiment thereof, there are numerous variations and modifications that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the above teachings. Specifically,sensors may be substituted, probe shapes may be modified and components may be combined. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.
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NEW DELHI — Opposition parties ramped up their attack on the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party on Wednesday, asking for Rajasthan chief minister Vasundhara Raje's and external affairs minister Sushma Swaraj's resignation following the biggest scandal to have hit the Narendra Modi government this year.
A proposal asking for Vasundhara Raje's resignation was passed by the Rajasthan State Congress in their executive meeting in Udaipur today, after it came to light that Raje had clandestinely helped former IPL commissioner Lalit Modi get British travel documents despite his passport being revoked by the Indian government due to his alleged involvement in a graft case.
In his first interview since the Indian media broke the story, the former IPL commissioner confirmed his "close" relations with both Swaraj and Raje. Modi said Swaraj's husband had been his advocate for over 20 years and her daughter had provided him legal services for the past four years, but the family did not charge him any fee. Raje had even taken Modi's wife to a cancer hospital in Lisbon on his behalf.
After Modi made allegations against the previous UPA government, senior Congress party leader and former finance minister P Chidambaram on Wednesday demanded that the present NDA government should release all letters written to the UK Chancellor involving Lalit Modi "in the interest of transparency." Modi has claimed that the Congress was taking revenge against him after Tharoor lost his ministerial position after the IPL scam.
"The complete answer to Mr. Lalit Modi's accusations against the UPA can be found in the letters to the UK Chancellor," Chidambaram tweeted.
In the interest of transparency, Government of India should release the letters written to the UK Chancellor on the Lalit Modi case.— P. Chidambaram (@PChidambaram_IN) June 14, 2015
The complete answer to Mr. Lalit Modi's accusations against the UPA can be found in the letters to the UK Chancellor. Release them.— P. Chidambaram (@PChidambaram_IN) June 17, 2015
It has also come to light that Modi allegedly paid Raje's son Dushyant Singh, a BJP MP from Jhalawar-Baran, a sum of Rs 11.63 crore as investment in his firm Niyant Heritage Hotels Pvt Ltd (NHHPL) in April 2008.
Of the amount invested, Rs 3.80 crore was a loan given to Singh's company, while the rest was paid to acquire 815 shares. According to ED, this was an unusual price for the shares (at Rs 10 at a premium of Rs 96,180 each), reported The Times of India.
The Congress has demanded Raje's and Swaraj's resignation for helping Modi, who they called "an economic offender and a fugitive".
Swaraj should step down and Raje should also resign for "helping Lalit Modi, an economic offender and fugitive," spokesperson Shobha Ojha told reporters.
Ojha also targeted Prime Minister Narendra Modi, saying his silence in the matter so far showed that "there is a mute support by the PM to these leaders". She called for a Supreme Court-monitored Special Investigation Team to investigate the case.
Helping a person (Lalit Modi) who has serious charges against him, is a very serious matter: PL Punia, Congress pic.twitter.com/yqMgeNlfnN— ANI (@ANI_news) June 17, 2015
Besides, she said the party wanted a Supreme Court monitored Special Investigation Team (SIT) to go into the Modigate.
She dismissed as laughable BJP's charge that Congress was targeting women leaders of BJP. "Since they want to hide their crimes, they are raising the gender issue which is condemnable and laughable," she said.
Taking a dig at Modi government, she said that Modigate showed "achche din" for economic offenders like Lalit Modi with the entire government coming to his rescue.
Meanwhile former Rajasthan chief minister Ashok Gehlot, who has relentlessly targeted Raje for her close relationship with Modi, said that he had nothing to add to Modi and Raje's relationship, as the entire country is aware of their ties. "Time will tell what decision PM Narendra Modi and the Govt will take on the matter," said Gehlot to news agency ANI.
This means she (V Raje) knew she is breaking law; BJP must come clean on this,PM must break his silence: Sachin Pilot pic.twitter.com/FrKbFGdq2f— ANI (@ANI_news) June 17, 2015
The Aam Aadmi Party too has come out in strong condemnation of BJP. Party leader Ashish Khetan criticised BJP for its hypocrisy on the black money issue.
It's clear, this Govt only brought achhe din for legal offenders and people who stock black money: Ashish Khetan, AAP pic.twitter.com/KHmWUCjB3n— ANI (@ANI_news) June 17, 2015
(With inputs from PTI)


By Wilfred Pilo
KUCHING, Nov 23: Since 2022, the government has implemented a new policy where land owned by the Federal Land Commissioner (FLC) will be subject to special development conditions that must be implemented and completed within five years from the date the title deed is issued.
In revealing this, Deputy Minister for Urban Planning, Land Administration and Environment Datuk Len Talif Salleh explained that if the development fails to be completed within the stipulated period, the land in question must be handed back to the Sarawak government, as per Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63).
Len Talif was responding to a question from Meting Maro assemblyman Razali Gapor on what is the government policy with regards to FLC land that is not developed by the federal government during the Sarawak Legislative Assembly (DUN) sitting at DUN Complex today.
The deputy minister also told the august House that the old building of SK Beladin has been demolished and the Sarawak Education Department (JPNS) is currently coordinating the process of handing over the site to the Sarawak government together with the Department of the Director General of Lands and Mines (JKPTG).
Len Talif added that the land is being handed back to the State government since there is no plan for the development of educational institutions on the site in the future.
On SK Pusa, he clarified that the site which consists of three lots is owned by FLC.
“Since all the lots are still in use, the FLC has no plans to return the lots to the Sarawak government.
On the existing site of SK Kalok located in Lot 170, 224, 502, 503 Block 6 Sablor Land District and Lot 224 Pusa Town District, Len Talif said the land is currently still in use until the development of the new school site in Lot 1010 Block 6 Sablor Land District is completed, except for the one-room preschool in Lot 224 Pusa Town District will continue to operate at the old site.
“The old site of SK Kalok is government Land. Therefore, the school has been instructed to vacate the school site once SK Kalok is fully operational at the new site,” he said. — DayakDaily


N.R. Mohalla Sangeetha Sabha in Mysore had sponsored a three-day music festival Thyagaraja Purandaradasa Aradhana, on a grand scale. The inaugural programme was by Saralaya Sisters (Kavitha and Triveni) of high repute, which they, with all fortitude, endeavoured to preserve on the present occasion. The concert comprised around 12 numbers — they could have presented fewer numbers making room for more elaborations. In addition, defective acoustics and the audio system significantly hindered the progression and jeopardised the singers' extempore. Because of the above reasons, the present concert fell short of expectations.
Singers commenced the concert with M. Balamuralikrishna's composition “Gana Sudharasa Paana” in Naata. Melodious singing complemented the lyrics dedicated to Shri Thyagaraja. Articulation in the higher octaves, which the singers materialised fluently supported by subtle vocal modulations enhanced the devotion-rich passages.
Saving such shortcomings, the concert thrived on merits in alapana , neraval and swarakalpana sections, which were rather pleasing. Whereas, “Merusamaana Dheera” (Mayamalavagoula), “Chera Ravademira” (Rithigoula), “Seethamma Maayamma” (Vasantha), “Karuna Elagante” (Varali) and “Enduku Ni Manasu” (Kalyani) were some of the numbers representing Thyagaraja's works, compositions like “Chandrachuda Shivashankara” (Ragamalika), “Sakalagrahabala Neene” (Athana), “Daasana Maadiko Enna” (Nadanamakriya) stood for Purandaradasa's works.
Of the above, “Enduku Ni Manasu” in Kalyani (focus of the concert) had a detailed alapana , neraval at “Raaga Rahitha Shri Rama” followed by sprightly swaraprastara . The tani avarthana added lustre to the number. The accompanists' lively passages passing through intricate layavinyasas and the special effects they created, in a way collectively served as the perceptible and definable feature of the concert capable of riveting the audience.
Aditi Krishna Prakash (violin), Tumkur B. Ravishankar (mridanga) and T.A. Ramanujan (morsing – lively and captivating) constituted the music ensemble.


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The Blade Tech Eclipse outside the waistband holster is the perfect choice for shooters who need a comfortable option when it comes to carrying a firearm every day. With a unique pancake style design, the holster is kept close to the body for excellent concealment capabilities. Constructed from an ultra thin and low profile kydex material, the Eclipse is one of the skinniest holsters on the market. Ideal for deep concelement beneath a jacket or coat, the level one friction lock and generous sight ramp make for a blazingly fast draw. Constructed of durable polymer, for right handed shooters with belts up to 1.5" wide. Black.
Springfield XD 4"

domain: design


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A press release to Egypt Oil&Gas stated that Egyptian Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Tarek El Molla, attended the general assembly of the Egyptian Nature Gas Holding Company (EGAS) and reviewed the company’s budget for fiscal year 2017/2018.
El Molla stated that the current fiscal year will witness an increase the production of natural gas due to the development of fields. The ministry aims to increase production in light of the country’s vision to secure energy needs.
EGAS’ CEO, Mohamed Al Masry, stated that during the first half of fiscal year 2016/2017, the company signed four exploration agreements to search for gas in the Mediterranean Sea with total investments of at least $306m in addition to $10.5m signing bonus to drill eight exploratory wells. Al Masry added that the company’s drilling plans for the Mediterranean and Delta Nile achieved a 75% success rate, which increased daily production from around 3.9bcf/d of gas to 4.5bcf/d. Furthermore, EGAS finalized the first phase of the gas pipeline meant to pump gas to Beni Suef, New Capital, and Burullus power plants.
Al Masry pointed out that fiscal year 2017/2018 will witness the first production of a number of gas fields including North Alexandria, Zohr, and Atoll. He added that Nooros field’s production had increased to 900mcf/d of gas.
Additionally, EGAS plans to execute five projects that aim to increase gas production froom several fields including Petro-Shorouk, Atoll, and Phase of Desouk Concession as well as phase B9 of Burullus and Begonia project in Al Wastani fields in Delta. The Begonia project has initial estimated production at 1.5bcf/d of gas and 11,300b/d of condensates through drilling 26 wells with $9.9b in investments. The production rates are expected to reach 5.85bcf/d of gas and 82,000b/d of condensates.


The death toll from Samoa's measles epidemic has risen to 72.
The Samoan government said 4,995 measles cases has been reported since the outbreak, with 75 cases recorded in the past 24 hours.
As of yesterday, 93 percent of the population have been vaccinated.
Meanwhile, there are now 19 confirmed cases of measles in Fiji.
The latest case is a nine-month-old baby from Rewa.
The Ministry of Health says the infant is admitted to the main Suva hospital and is now in a stable condition in isolation.
Stay tuned for the latest news on our radio stations


Donny Van de Beek cut a frustrated figure as he spent another 90 minutes on the sidelines against Villareal in the Champions League.
The Dutchman was an unused substitute for the sixth time in nine games so far this term, being given just a measly six minutes of Premier League action.
And the 24-year-old didn’t try to hide his clear anger on the bench, being caught chucking his bib and spitting his chewing gum in the general direction of the touchline.
Pogba & Henderson consoling Donny for not coming on then he throws his gum pic.twitter.com/uIbiJGLctM
— Max MUFC (@maxmufc7) September 29, 2021
But within a matter of minutes the two had combined for Cristiano Ronaldo’s goal that handed United their first points in this seasons Champions League, and left their manager completely vindicated.
The former Ajax star has struggled to hold down a regular first team place since moving to Manchester last summer for a fee in the region of £35 million.
Van de Beek was denied a deadline day switch to fellow Premier League side Everton on loan, with club chiefs refusing to co-operate.
This led to him being assured by Solskjaer that he would play a bigger role this season, but as of yet this has not been the case.
With United’s glaring hole in the centre of midfield, fans have continued to demand Donny’s inclusion, but it seems more and more likely he’ll need to move on to get first team football.


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Caffeine is a common component found in many drinks like coffee, tea, energy drinks, soft drinks, etc. There are many resources of caffeine that can be utilized, and they all don’t show the same effects on people. Some sources are natural or plant-based, and some are synthetically produced.
Let’s take a look at what synthetic caffeine is and how it differs from natural caffeine to get a better understanding.
What does synthetic caffeine mean?
The Nazis first developed synthetic caffeine during World War II
The Nazis first developed synthetic caffeine during World War II. Embargoes prevented them from gaining various goods (caffeine included), and a synthesize was made to keep a supply chain available. With demands for caffeine consumption rising since then, synthetic caffeine has since become the norm material for many drinks, especially in soda and energy drinks. Today, many consumers cannot identify where the caffeine in their cups has come from – or whether it’s natural or synthetic.
Synthetic caffeine is cheaper to manufacture than it is to source natural ingredients, and consequently, it is widely found in beverages and food products. It is mass-produced by companies such as Coca-Cola and made to be highly potent (and therefore cost-effective). Just two little teaspoons of it could be lethal to a human.
Synthetic caffeine content is absorbed through the digestive system much faster than naturally occurring caffeine, providing a quicker spike and therefore a quicker crash. While synthetic and natural caffeine is barely distinguishable on a molecular level, it is how the synthesized version is produced that can raise many concerns.
Distinguish Synthetic caffeine and Natural caffeine
The majority of ingredients of energy drinks and soft drinks in supermarkets contain synthetic caffeine
Little known to the average coffee addict, synthetic caffeine was first created in 1942 by Nazi Germany. By suffering under the embargos of foreign trade, Germany could not import natural caffeine sources from amenable climates and subsequently sought to make an alternative.
As the market today, we consume more synthetic caffeine products than their natural alternative. The majority of energy drinks and soft drinks in supermarkets contain synthetic caffeine. Synthetic caffeine is, as it sounds, artificial rather than naturally sourced using a raw material called urea. The final product contains harsh chemicals found in the natural source with many chemically produced compounds. Typically these include methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, or carbon dioxide – and of course, they are as nasty as they sound.
So why do companies stick with using this rather than naturally sourced material? For one, it is cost-saving to produce in mass quantities and can be grown in a wider variety of climates than the familiar caffeine plant sources. Nonetheless, the properties of synthetic caffeine are also profoundly different from natural ones.
Synthetic caffeine is made to give you the “lift” you crave faster than natural caffeine. However, the adverse side is that you often experience a caffeine “crash” that is far more significant. The answer to this question is to continue to intake more and more caffeine to offset the low – dropping into a false sense of security that the caffeine is keeping you going. However, should we not stop thinking that perhaps the caffeine we are consuming contributes to the problem.
Natural Caffeine provides a far slower release of energy. In addition, many naturally occurring vitamins are found in natural caffeine plants that minimize the crash that the synthetic form can feel. Around 60 different plants are natural sources – coffee and tea being the ones predominantly consumed in the world today. Coupled with caffeine’s energy release, natural sources are also rich in antioxidants such as cafestol, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, melanoidins, and quinine. As such, there is a whole host of scientific research into the health benefits of natural caffeine, and that caffeine itself may reduce cavities, reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, colon cancer, liver cancer, gall stones, cirrhosis of the liver, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s and a variety of heart diseases.
If you want to check whether the products you are buying are natural or synthetic caffeine-based, the ingredients will almost always name the plant source should they be naturally procured. If the packet just says “caffeine,” the chances are it is synthetically produced.
Here are some key themes and takeaways from both sources of caffeine.
- Natural caffeine and synthetic caffeine are chemical components. The primary distinction is that synthetic caffeine is produced from chloroacetic acid and urea, whereas natural caffeine is made from various plant-based sources.
- The most amazing part is that both sources of caffeine have the same effect on the body.
- Natural caffeine tends to be harder to source and more expensive, which is why labs have started making synthetic caffeine.
- Because of the cheaper cost associated with synthetic caffeine, many supplement companies prefer to use it over natural caffeine due to its financial advantage.
- Synthetic caffeine undergoes many steps to be converted from its initial source – ammonia. It is usually exposed to harsh chemical elements during the conversion process like ethyl acetate, carbon dioxide or methylene chloride. In addition, synthetic caffeine has a bit of a “glowing” factor. It is removed by cleaning the caffeine with acetic acid, sodium nitrate, chloroform, and sodium bicarbonate.
- It’s noted that not all synthetic caffeine is harmful when consumed in a small amount. But the thing is, you have probably had it this week or even today, unknowingly, because several products have them in their ingredients. Because of this matter, it is recommended that you take a look at the ingredient list of the product you are looking to purchase.
The manufacturing process of synthetic caffeine
Synthetic caffeine starts with ammonia
Synthetic caffeine starts with ammonia. Ammonia is converted to nitrogen-rich urea. First, change urea to a drug like methylamine and formic acid and change it to theophylline with properties like caffeine.
The final step is to add methyl chloride to produce the final product: methylated theophylline – otherwise known as synthetic caffeine.
Recently, most caffeine is produced in China, and walking near the synthetic caffeine factory seems to smell like a cat’s piss.
3 Chinese factories are together exporting 4 million kg of caffeine alone to the USA market each year. Indeed, most of the world’s synthetic caffeine comes from just one Chinese town: Shijiazhuang – a heavily polluted industrial city in Hebei province.
The giant caffeine factory in the world is the CSPC Innovation Pharmaceutical Company. It produces 1.8 million kg of caffeine for the US market alone.
Is synthetic caffeine harmful?
400 mg of caffeine is the recommended maximum amount of caffeine consumption each day
The FDA regulates added caffeine in five categories: foods, beverages, energy drinks, dietary supplements and over-the-counter drugs. However, misunderstanding abounds when it comes to the differences between synthetic caffeine or natural caffeine.
The 2018 Food and Health Survey revealed that more than 70 percent of participants thought caffeine could have a different effect on the body depending on the source (synthetic vs. natural) or unsure.
The most well-known side effect of caffeine is the jolt of energy it supports you upon consumption. Also, caffeine stimulates your nervous system and makes your mind alert. Moreover, caffeine has the benefit of increasing stamina and boosting your athletic performance. Finally, the ability to temporarily reduce fatigue and drowsiness can help you shake the tiredness and push through the task at hand.
It’s believed that caffeine is safe in moderation. Still, excessive use can lead to many health problems such as nausea, heartburn, head, muscle aches, increased blood pressure, fertility and pregnancy issues.
Is it wrong to drink caffeine every day?
Up to 400 mg of caffeine is the recommended maximum amount of caffeine consumption each day, about 32 oz of coffee, ten cans of soda, or two energy drinks. You may need to start cutting down on your daily caffeine consumption if you are experiencing migraine headaches, insomnia, nervousness, restlessness or frequent urination.
How long is caffeine out of your body?
It’s said that 99% of a drink’s caffeine will be absorbed in about 45 minutes. Therefore, the average energy drink or coffee caffeine effect will last about four to six hours in a human. Still, things such as age, medical conditions, and drug interactions can impact the rate at which your body metabolizes caffeine.
Is caffeine safe for kids?
Children can safely consume caffeine, but it’s wise to keep caffeine consumption to a minimum. The side effect with kids consuming caffeinated drinks is usually not caffeine. Many caffeinated beverages are filled with sweeteners and empty calories. Regular use of these drinks can easily lead to dental cavities and erosion of tooth enamel. In addition, over-consumption can lead to obesity.
Hopefully, now you know the basics of synthetic caffeine, you can make a more informed decision by yourself to use a natural caffeine product or a synthetic caffeine product to help provide you with the results you want and achieve your goals.
To learn more fascinating topics or surprising beverage business ideas, don’t hesitate to contact us.
Tan Do is a global beverage ODM/OEM manufacturer and supplier located in Vietnam. Since 1996, we have built trust and credibility not only throughout Vietnam but also in many parts of the world. Leveraging state-of-the-art technology, we have crafted thousands of products that align with ISO, HACCP, HALAL, FDA, and many other standards.

domain: health


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Death Before Dishonor has posted another song featured on their upcoming album “Better Ways To Die”. The song is called “Remember” and its number 2 on the album. If you visit their myspace page you can hear some other songs from the new album like “Coffin Nail”, “Fuck This Year”, “Peace & Quiet” and more… practically all the songs are posted on there (Gees guys, leave something for the imagination). “Better Ways To Die” will be released on Bridge Nine Records July 28th.
DBD’s last album “Count Me In” was released in 2007 on Bridge Nine Records.

domain: entertainment