When you first learn Test Driven Development, it sounds simple and easy. If you learned it in 1999, like I did, the rule was to simply write your unit tests first. Indeed, we called it Test First Design back then.
I sat with Kent Beck in 1999 and paired with him in order to learn. What he taught me to do was certainly test first; but it involved a more fine-grained process than I’d ever seen before. He would write one line of a failing test, and then write the corresponding line of production code to make it pass. Sometimes it was slightly more than one line; but the scale he used was was very close to line by line.
Second-by-Second nano-cycle: The Three Laws of TDD.
A few years later this fine granularity was codified into three rules: the so-called Three Laws of TDD.
- You must write a failing test before you write any production code.
- You must not write more of a test than is sufficient to fail, or fail to compile.
- You must not write more production code than is sufficient to make the currently failing test pass.
I, and many others, have written about these three laws over the years. They now appear in many different styles, formats, and injunctive statements. But the goal is always to promote the line by line granularity that I experienced while working with Kent so long ago.
The three laws are the nano-cycle of TDD. You follow them on almost a second-by-second basis. You will likely iterate them a dozen or so times before you finish a single unit test.
Minute-by-Minute: micro-cycle: Red-Green-Refactor
If we pull back to the minute by minute scale we see the micro-cycle that experienced TDDers follow. The Red/Green/Refactor cycle.
This cycle is typically executed once for every complete unit test, or once every dozen or so cycles of the three laws. The rules of this cycle are simple.
- Create a unit tests that fails
- Write production code that makes that test pass.
- Clean up the mess you just made.
The philosophy is based on the idea that our limited minds are not capable of pursuing the two simultaneous goals of all software systems: 1. Correct behavior. 2. Correct structure. So the RGR cycle tells us to first focus on making the software work correctly; and then, and only then, to focus on giving that working software a long-term survivable structure.
Make it work. Make it right. Make it fast.
Another way to think about this idea is:
Getting software to work is only half of the job.
Customers value two things about software. The way it makes a machine behave; and the ease with which it can be changed. Compromise either of those two values and the software will diminish in real value to the customer.
Executing the Red/Green/Refactor cycle takes on the order of a minute or so. This is the granularity of refactoring. Refactoring is not something you do at the end of the project; it’s something you do on a minute-by-minute basis. There is no task on the project plan that says: Refactor. There is no time reserved at the end of the project, or the iteration, or the day, for refactoring. Refactoring is a continuous in-process activity, not something that is done late (and therefore optionally).
Decaminute-by-Decaminute: milli-cycle: Specific/Generic
At the 10 minute level we see the milli-cycle in operation. The Specific/Generic cycle.
As the tests get more specific, the code gets more generic.
As a test suite grows, it becomes ever more specific. i.e. it becomes an ever more detailed specification of behavior. Good software developers meet this increase in specification by increasing the generality of their code. To say this differently: Programmers make specific cases work by writing code that makes the general case work.
As a rule, the production code is getting more and more general if you can think of tests that you have not written; but that the production code will pass anyway. If the changes you make to the production code, pursuant to a test, make that test pass, but would not make other unwritten tests pass, then you are likely making the production code too specific.
It is often said that the fine grained structure of the three laws and the Red/Green/Refactor cycle lead to local-optimizations. Without the “big picture” the developer cannot imbue the software with the correct structure for the overall problem, and instead drives towards a structure that is good for the local case; but not for the general case.
The symptom of the local optimum is “Getting Stuck.” In order to make the next test pass you must write a large amount of code outside of the nano-cycle of the three laws, and even outside of the micro-cycle of RGR. In other words, you have gone down a path that forces you out of the TDD process.
Once you are stuck, the only solution is to backtrack up through the previous tests, deleting them, until you reach a test from which you can take a different fork in the road.
Why do you get stuck? Because you were not adding sufficient generality to the production code. You were making the tests too specific, to quickly. The solution is to backtrack and then add specificity to the tests more slowly, while adding generality to the production code more quickly. This frequently forces you to choose a different set of tests to follow.
To avoid getting stuck we evaluate our position every few minutes; looking for specificity in the production code. Have we taken shortcuts that make the production code resemble the tests in some way? Do the most recent changes to the production code fail to pass more tests than we have written?
This is the cycle in which we apply the Transformation Priority Premise. We look for the symptoms of over-specificity by checking the kinds of production code we have written.
Hour-by-Hour: Primary Cycle: Boundaries.
The final primary cycle of TDD is the cycle that ensures that all the other cycles are driving us towards a Clean Architecture. Ever hour or so we stop and check to see whether we have crossed, or are encroaching upon, a significant architectural boundary. Often these boundaries are difficult to see while in the throes of the nano- and micro-cycles. You can start to smell them at the decaminute level, but even then our gaze is still too narrowly focused.
So every hour or so we stop and look at the overall system. We hunt for boundaries that we want to control. We make decisions about where to draw those boundaries, and which side of those boundaries our current activities should be constrained to. And then we use those decisions to inform the nano-cycles, micro-cycles, and milli-cycles of the next hour or so – the primary cycle – of Test Driven Development.


Verified by manufacturer 2 months ago
138 515 105
Suitable to secure two bicycles.
The tubular cycle stand, a familiar sight throughout the UK, allows the
frame of the bicycle to be secured by the users own security lock.
Features and benefits:
Length x height x diameter.
750 x 750 x 48 mm
This product is guaranteed for 12 months (if installed and used correctly).
Q50/32 Cycle stands
Q50/210 Cycle stands
Finish as delivered
Coated colours available. Consult manufacturer and insert requirements.
To ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.
138 100 994 - M12 Expanding Bolt (6 required per stand).
Country of product manufacture


text:
Dubai's DEWA opens AI, robotics happiness centre
A customer service centre equipped with robotics and artificial intelligence has been inaugurated by the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA)
A customer service centre equipped with robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) has been inaugurated by the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) to encourage the uptake of digital government services.
DEWA opened its Future Centre for Customer Happiness at Dubai Festival City and Dragon Mart 2 this week.
The centre uses AI and robotics, among other cutting-edge technologies, to encourage customers to use digital government services, as Dubai looks to go paperless by 2021.
DEWA said it hoped the center's array of digital services would persuade people to use digital government services, helping to reduce physical visits to government departments by 80% this year.
The centre is manned by Rammas, a robot that use AI to answer customer questions. The customer happiness centre also has the Tayseer smart bill payment platform, live chat, and smart self-service booths.
“The Centre supports the vision of HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, and the objectives of the UAE Centennial 2071 to secure a happy future and a better life for future generations,” said DEWA’s managing directopr and chief executive officer, HE Saeed Mohammed Al Tayer.
He said the latest Future Centre for Customer Happiness would let Dubai residents “access comprehensive, integrated and smart services that save time and effort”.
DEWA has made no secret of its interest in implement the objectives of the Dubai 10X initiative, which was kicked off this year to make Dubai 10 years more technologically advanced than other.

domain: news


text:
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Photographers' started by michael_r, Oct 3, 2013.
Glad to see that the video has finally been completed. Now I must wait for the DVD.
Woah! Thanks for the heads up on this, Michael. Also waiting for the DVD. =)
Me too, but not sure I can wait that long. I'm considering taking a quick road trip to Newark for the premiere. A pilgrimage of sorts.
That sounds great! Please let us know what you think and if you hear anything about a DVD release.

domain: entertainment


text:
(Washington, June 27, 2016)—The American College of Physicians (ACP) offered its recommendations for improvements to the proposed rule to implement the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) in a letter submitted today to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Acting Administrator, Andy Slavitt. If accepted by CMS, the College’s recommendations would replace an unnecessarily complex quality scoring system with a much simpler and understandable approach, revamp how use of health information technology is reported to make it less burdensome and more relevant to clinicians, offer safe harbors for smaller practices until a “virtual reporting” system is established, and provide expanded choices and opportunities for physician-led models to qualify for higher payments as “alternative Advanced Payment Models”—including three new pathways for Patient-Centered Medical Home Practices.
ACP’s specific recommendations are aligned with three guiding principles that the College recommended CMS consider as it finalizes the rule:
- That the new payment systems should reflect the lessons from current and past programs and effectively allow for ongoing innovation and learning. The agency must constantly monitor the evolving measurement system to identify and mitigate any potential unintended consequences.
- CMS should work to ensure that patients, families, and their relationships with their physicians are at the forefront of thinking in developing the new payment systems.
- CMS should collaborate with specialty societies, frontline clinicians, and EHR vendors in the development, testing, and implementation of measures with a focus on decreasing clinician burden and integrating the measurement of and reporting on performance with quality improvement and care delivery.
“It is critically important to recognize that the legislative intent of MACRA is to truly improve care for Medicare beneficiaries and thus, the policy that is developed to guide these new value-based payment programs must be thoughtfully considered in that context,” said Robert McLean, MD, FACP, chair of ACP’s Medical Practice and Quality Committee. “Our comments to CMS go beyond pointing out the problems with the proposed rule; we offer concrete suggestions on how to fix it so that it will truly achieve the goals of Congress, physicians—and of Acting CMS Administrator Slavitt—to simplify reporting of quality measures and provide more choices and opportunities for physicians in all specialties and practice sizes to be successful.”
Among the detailed suggestions that the letter offers to CMS:
- For the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System, the College proposed a distinctive alternative scoring methodology, developed by ACP, which combines, simplifies, aligns and reduces the complexity of the four reporting categories that will qualify physicians for FFS payment adjustments in 2019. The scoring approach included in the proposed rule had different points systems and scales for each of the four reporting categories, making it unnecessarily complicated; ACP’s alternative would put the points all on the same scale, combining them into one simplified and harmonized program as Congress intended.
- The College proposed specific alternatives to CMS’s Advancing Care Information program that is to replace the current Meaningful Use program. The ACP alternative would make it easier for physicians to report on and be successful in this category, in line with Administrator Slavitt’s promise to revamp the program to simplify reporting and make it more meaningful for clinicians.
- ACP proposed additional improvements to simplify the reporting requirements for the Quality, Advancing Care Information and Clinical Practice Improvement categories. The College’s suggested changes to the Resource Use category also included suggestions to reduce unintended adverse impacts on physicians and their practices.
- ACP urged CMS to immediately create virtual reporting options and to create safe harbors for smaller practices until such options are available. The College recommended that practices with 9 or fewer clinicians, should be held harmless from payment reductions that would otherwise occur until the virtual reporting option is available. ACP also suggested that a virtual reporting option could be based on linking primary care Patient-Centered Medical Homes with Patient-Centered Specialty Homes, a concept long championed by ACP.
- The letter also proposed more options and flexibility, instead of a one-size fits all approach, for practices to be certified as Patient-Centered Medical Homes or Patient-Centered Medical Home specialty practices, qualifying them for the highest possible score for the Clinical Practice Improvement Activity reporting category.
- ACP proposed four different options for Medical Home practices to qualify as advanced Alternative Payment Models, instead of the single option proposed by CMS, including options to allow PCMHs to qualify without taking financial risk. These additional options would potentially allow many thousands more practices to qualify and earn the 5 percent bonus on FFS payments
- Finally, the letter suggested other changes that would make more advanced Alternative Payment Models available for physicians in all specialties, especially including those in internal medicine and its subspecialties.
“The recommendations we offered to CMS today would simplify the quality reporting program, reduce the burden on physicians and especially smaller practices, and propose more options and flexibility for physicians to qualify for higher payments by recognizing their ongoing efforts to improve care to their patients. With these improvements, implementation of the new payment systems would go a long way to achieving Congress’ goal of aligning payments with quality without imposing more unnecessary administrative burden on physicians,” concluded Dr. McLean.
The American College of Physicians is the largest medical specialty organization and the second-largest physician group in the United States. ACP members include 143,000 internal medicine physicians (internists), related subspecialists, and medical students. Internal medicine physicians are specialists who apply scientific knowledge and clinical expertise to the diagnosis, treatment, and compassionate care of adults across the spectrum from health to complex illness. Follow ACP on Twitter and Facebook.

domain: medical


text:
Iran Says It’s Produced New Missile with a range of 1,200 miles capable of reaching Israel and U.S. bases in the Mideast
TEHRAN, Iran (AP) – Iran said Tuesday it has manufactured a new missile with a range of 1,200 miles capable of reaching Israel and U.S. bases in the Mideast, the official news agency IRNA reported.
Iran’s Defense Minister Gen. Mostafa Mohammad Najjar said the Ashoura missile was produced by factories affiliated with the ministry, according to IRNA. He did not say whether Iran has test fired the missile or has plans to do so.
Many of Iran’s weapons development claims have not been independently verified.
Iran launched an arms development program during its war with Iraq to compensate for a U.S. weapons embargo. Since 1992, Iran has reportedly produced its own jets, torpedoes, radar-avoiding missiles, tanks and armored personnel carriers.
Recent weapons development has been motivated by Iran’s standoff with the U.S. over its controversial nuclear program, which Washington claims is a cover for weapons development – a charge Tehran denies.
Iran is known to possess a medium-range ballistic missile known as the Shahab-3, with a range of at least 800 miles. In 2005, Iranian officials said they had improved the range of the Shahab-3 to 1,200 miles, equal to the new missile announced Tuesday.
Najjar did not elaborate about the differences between the Ashoura missile and the Shahab-3 missile.
In September during a military parade, Iran introduced the Ghadr missile, which has a range of 1,119 miles.
Experts also believe Iran is developing the Shahab-4 missile, thought to have a range between 1,200 and 1,900 miles, that would enable it to hit much of Europe.
No comments yet.
- Weekend Islamic attacks kill 37 worldwide Islam’s religious war injures 82 in acts of violent piety honoring Muhammad in the name of Allah, their god, worldwide
- Honor/terror killing brings jihadism to Canada Al-Qaeda active, deadly injuries average more than 100 daily
- Saudi king pardons teenage rape victim
- Bomb Squad Investigates Explosions
- Blast in Watsonville, heard for blocks, destroys city employee’s car
- Osama could be in Bajaur: Musharraf
- Ayman al-Zawahiri – al Qaeda’s Number 2.0 Man
- British Suspect In Trans-Atlantic Jet Terror Plot Escapes On The Run In Pakistan
- Iran indicates it is building another nuclear plant
- Weekend death toll of jihadist terror war: 66 Six nations targeted in Islamic efforts to destroy “infidels”
- CAN supporters sound off about Sudan Teddi tirades Son of supporter in America lives in England, wrote to London’s Guardian
- al-Qaida No. 2 Blasts Peace Conference


text:
Good Thing Launches Minimalist Soap by Designer Jasper Morrison
Good Thing veers in a new direction with their latest release - minimalist soap designed by Jasper Morrison.
Most Recent Articles
AutoCamp Heads to the Mountains for Its 2019 Expansion to Yosemite National Park
Exciting news from AutoCamp includes a fire relief program, an expanded partnership with Airstream and plans for national expansion.
The Emotionally Intelligent Office Book from The School of Life for Business
A book created to help businesses and employees prosper by outlining 20 key emotional skills needed for the workplace.
Growth Through E-Commerce with Schneid
Schneid are bold designers of enduring and elegant products who have grown their shop from the ground up.
Fun Hexagonal Stools to Create Your Own Outdoor Seating Arrangement
A collection of playful, hexagonal poufs in various sizes that let you create your own outdoor seating configuration.
Listen to Episode 76 of Clever: Todd Oldham
Amy + Jaime talk to everyone’s most beloved DIY hero, fashion designer, and creative maverick: Todd Oldham!
Hercule: A Monolithic Home That Rises from the Ground like an Iceberg
A home in Luxembourg that resembles an iceberg, as the monolithic structure rises from the ground.
The Best of 2018 Design Miami/
Design Milk shares favorites from Design Miami/ 2018, which exhibits a well curated collection of artists, designers, and galleries.
A Close-Up with the BMW Vision iNEXT
The BMW Vision iNEXT reveals a futuristic environment on wheels sharing the look, feel, and comforts of a boutique hotel.
A Commonplace for Everyday Modern Objects
A design-centric store in Milwaukee, Wisconsin curates a collection of ordinary objects that are extraordinary in design.
Ax3: A Modern Loft Apartment in Tel Aviv by Studio ETN
An open yet cozy loft with combinations of light, materials, and textures.
A Stable Bookcase Inspired by Last Year’s Earthquake in Mexico
A bookcase that uses solid materials that aren't typically used in shelf design to offer additional sturdiness.
“New Work” by Ben & Aja Blanc at Salon Boston
This Rhode Island-based design duo created 12 new pieces exclusively for a new gallery in Boston.
Cuatro Cuatros’ 90º Impossible Triangle Vase Is Inspired by the Penrose Triangle
A minimalist vase designed to look like the impossible Penrose triangle.
TSATSAS Collaborates with Dieter Rams to Release His 1963 Handbag
A Dieter Rams design sees the light of day almost 50 years later.
Camille Walala Stays Within the Lines at the SALT of Palmar Hotel
The SALT of Palmar Hotel in Mauritius has recently been reinvented under the vibrant eye of artist and color evangelist Camille Walala.
The Macaron Floor Lamp Is the Latest Addition to This Dessert-Inspired Lighting Collection
A dessert-inspired lamp that merges simple materials, like wood and rope, with the right proportions to create a lively personality.
Cerambot Is an Affordable 3D Ceramics Printer
While most consumer grade and priced 3D printers are engineered to extrude plastic resins – which generally produces cheap looking trinkets – the Cerambot promises hobbyists, designers, and...
Poketo for BREDA: Two Brands Collaborate on a Timeless Watch Called Spectra
Poketo collaborates on a watch with BREDA that explores primary color.
Friday Five with Philippa Price
Find out 5 things Philippa Price loves as we all wait to find out what else she has in store in the future.
5 Unbelievable Pools That Are Hot in Design & Cool in Temperature

domain: artistic


text:
County board approves appraisal values
The Pierce County Commission voted to approve property values, including recommended changes, for the county Wednesday morning at the county’s tax equalization meeting.
The board, minus District 4 Commissioner Duane Johnston, met with Tax Director Kelsey Siegler and Robert Ehler, president of Vanguard Appraisals-a Cedar Rapids, Iowa-based mass appraisal company that did property assessments in the county.
Ehler said the appraisal process began by looking at property records. After that, inspectors came in and gathered information for appraisers. Using the information gathered, replacement costs were generated for the properties; the costs were then compared with land and houses sold; then depreciation scales were applied to come up with valuations.
Ehler said that some inconsistencies had been found throughout the process.
“Your old information was riddled with errors,” Ehler said. One area Ehler said that was wrong was how old properties were.
Dennis Fred questioned the valuations of three properties in the county, two of them in the city of Rugby.
Robert Graber questioned what mill levies were based on, saying the “main concern” was that property taxes could increase along with valuations. Ehler said that taxes could potentially decrease, however Commission Chairman Dave Migler said it would be impossible to predict what the tax rates would be.
Another area resident questioned how value increases on Silva lots located in Elverum Township were “justified.”
The board also approved inundated land applications, including applications from Hagel and White townships that were denied at the township level.
Please Enter Your Facebook App ID. Required for FB Comments. Click here for FB Comments Settings page


|Publication number||US2744698 A|
|Publication date||May 8, 1956|
|Filing date||Mar 7, 1950|
|Priority date||Mar 11, 1949|
|Publication number||US 2744698 A, US 2744698A, US-A-2744698, US2744698 A, US2744698A|
|Inventors||Everett Baynes Leslie|
|Original Assignee||Baynes Aircraft Interiors Ltd|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (27), Classifications (14)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
HPaaol xs 2,744,698
ERCH R( May 8. 1956 L. E. BAYNES 2,744,698
HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT WING AND TAII.. SURFACES HAVING VARIABLE SWEEPBACK 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March '7, 1950 May 8, 1956 Filed March '7, 1950 L.. 'E. BAYNES HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT WING AND TAII.. SURFACES HAVING VARIABLE SWEEPBACK 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 QM 7 M May 8, 1956 E. BAYNES 2,744,698
HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT WING AND TAIL SURFACES HAVING VARIABLE SWEEPBACK 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March '7, 1950 l.. E. BAYNES 2,744,698
HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT WING AND TAIL SURFACES HAVING VARIABLE SWEEPBACK 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 8, 1956 Filed Mron 7, 195o May 8, 1956 A L. E. BAYNES 2,744,698
HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT WING AND TAIL SURFACES HAVING VARIABLE SWEEPBACK Filed March 7. 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 United States Patent Office 2,744,698 Patented May 8, 1956 HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT WING AND TAIL SUR- FACES HAVING VARIABLE SWEEPBACK Leslie Everett Baynes, Hounslow, England, assignornby mesne assignments, to Baynes Aircraft Interiors Limited, Langley Aerodrome, Buckinghamshire, England Application March 7, 1950, Serial No. 148,179
Claims priority, application Great Britain March 11, 1949 6 Claims. (Cl. 244-42) In the evolution of the modern aircraft the fixed wing with hinged control surfaces has survived, having proved efficient and satisfactory for speeds of flight up to that of sound, but with the advent of greatly improved propulsive systems providing sufficient power for flight beyond the speed of sound, an entirely new set of problems has arisen which requires radical departures in both the shape and the method of control of aircraft. It is an object of this invention to provide a solution to these new problems.
It is well known, for example, that as an aircraft approaches the speed of sound a rapid rise of drag, a loss of lift and a marked change in pitching moment occur owing to the effect of the compressibility of the air.
It has also been found that the critical speed at which these compressibility effects occur is increased and the adverse effects are minimised if the wings and tail surfaces have a pronounced sweepback, and if the aspect ratio and thickness/ chord ratio are substantially reduced. Accordingly plan forms have been proposed with sweepback angles of at least 60, or delta plan form shapes with the leading edge forming a sharp angle V and with the aspect ratio in some cases as low as unity. Wing sections with thickness/ chord ratios of not more than 0.06/1 have also been proposed.
Whilst these plan forms and thin wing sections may be a near approach to the ideal for the achievement of transonic or supersonic flight, they are manifestly unsuitable for low-speed flight as required for take-off and landing, where the requirements are maximum lift coeicient and control. This is due to the fact that, firstly, the normal increment of lift obtainable by the use of flaps is substantially reduced or even eliminated when flaps are employed with swept-back wings, secondly, pronounced sweepback causes a spanwise outward movement of the flow over the wings such as to cause a premature stalling at the wing tips and, thirdly, with wings of small aspect ratio the induced incidence is of such a magnitude that the angle of incidence corresponding to maximum lift is too large for the maximum lift to be realised on landing without provision of excessively large under-carriages, and at these large angles of incidence pronounced sweepback also causes instability.
The net result of these combined effects is to reduce the maximum lift coefficient obtainable in practice to not more than about one-third of that which could be obtained with a conventional unswept wing fitted with flaps and of normal thickness and aspect ratio. This of course means that such an aircraft either will have to take off and land at a much higher speed than will an aircraft having conventional wings, or will have to have wings of about three times the area, with a consequent increase in structure weight and drag; both of these characteristics are obviously undesirable in an aircraft designed for very high speed.
Since the plan form and other characteristics required for supersonic flight are therefore in direct conflict with those required for low-speed flight, and since the ratio between maximum and minimum speed, or the speed range, may now be as wide as 10 to 1 or more, there is clearly a need for means to change the plan form to suit these extreme conditions of fiight.
It is an important object of the invention to provide an aircraft in which the sweepback of the wings can be adapted while in flight for low and high speed flight.
It will be apparent that, if the wings alone Were moved in such a manner as to change the sweepback, there would be a change in pitching moment and therefore a change in the attitude of the aircraft due both to change in the position of the aerodynamic centre of the wings and body relative to the centre of gravity of the aircraft and also to a change in the wing lift slope relative to the tail lift slope arising from the change in Wing aspect ratio. Both effects would 'tend to give a nose-up moment as the sweepback was decreased. Whilst some of this change is admissible and desirable, in that a change in the incidence of the aircraft is required as between low-speed flight and high-speed flight and is in effect normally achieved by a movement of the elevator or by tail trim gear, there would have to be a change in tail moment in the opposite sense which would give a net change in pitching moment not exceeding that required to change the lift coefficient at which the aircraft trimmed to a value appropriate to the change in speed of flight as between high-speed trim and low-speed trim. In an aircraft according to the invention, and having its centre of gravity positioned to give positive tail loading to trim, the expedient of varying the tail sweepback in unison with the wing sweepback can maintain the change of trim within the desired limits, as a consequence not only of the change in the lift slope of the tail arising from the change in tail aspect ratio, but also of the further important compensating effects as the wings are swept forward, of the reduction in the wing downwash angle, which results from the increase in aspect ratio of the wings, and of the increased tail arm in terms of the wing chord. A secondary compensating factor is the fact that the movement of wings and tail causes a movement of the centre of gravity of the aircraft in the same direction as the movement of the aerodynamic centre of the wings.
The increase in aspect ratio and therefore span with reduction in speed has the additional advantage that the induced drag, which forms a comparatively large part of the total drag at take-off and climbing speeds, is greatly reduced with a consequent improvement in take-off and climb performance.
A single-seat aircraft representing a preferred form of the invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figures 1, 2 and 3 are respectively a side elevation, a plan and a front end elevation of the aircraft in condition for high-speed flight.
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively a plan and a front end elevation of the aircraft in condition for taking off and landing.
Figure 6 is a diagrammatic plan of part of the control mechanism for longitudinal and lateral control.
Figure 7 is a diagrammatic side elevation of tail incidence gear, sectioned on the line 7-7 in Figure 8.
Figure 8 is a plan of the same gear, shown partly in section.
Figure 9 is a diagrammatic plan of operating mechanism for hinged flaps.
Figure lO is a diagrammatic plan of a modified apoperating mechanism for use with sliding flaps.
The fuselage is of elliptical cross-section having its major axis horizontal, the fuselage accommodating two axial-flow turbo-jet motors 11 placed side by side behind the wing roots. Two air inlet ports 12 placed side by side at the nose of the fuselage open to two ducts 13 which diverge horizontally to clear the pilots cockpit and control mechanism. Behind the cockpit each duct divides into two branches 13A and 13B which pass respectively above and below the level of the wing roots and lead to the compressor inlet. Two nozzle ducts 14 lead from the two turbines, converging slightly, to nozzles 15 in the tail of the fuselage, and each divides into two branches passing respectively above and below the centre section of the horizontal tail elements.
The main wing spar 16 is provided with two hinges 17 disposed adjacent to and inside the skin of the fuselage at its two sides respectively. The axes 18 (Figures 1 and 5) of these hinges are slightly inclined to perpendiculars 19 to the plane containing the longitudinal axis of the fuselage and the major axes of its elliptical sections, in such a manner that the hinge axes when extended upwards are inclined laterally and rearwardly with respect to the respective perpendiculars. The leading and trailing portions 20 and 21 (Figure 4) of the wing roots extend into the fuselage through longitudinal slots in the skin in order to prevent the occurrence of any gap between wing and fuselage when the wings are in either their spread or their sweptback position.
Each wing has an auxiliary spar 22 behind the main spar, and the auxiliary spar may be guided in the fuselage in such a way as to take vertical forces due to torsional loads on the wing. Alternatively these loads may be taken solely by the hinges 17 of the main spar. The inner ends of the auxiliary spars 22 of the two wings are pivotal- 1y connected to two operating struts 23P and 23S leading inwards and forwards to two irreversible screw-jack mechanisms disposed side by side longitudinally of the aircraft.
The horizontal tail elements 24 are mounted on hinges 25 and controlled by a single screw-jack mechanism. The axes 26 of the hinges 25 are slightly inclined to perpendiculars 27 in such a manner that the hinge axes when extended above the tail elements are inclined laterally and rearwardly with respect to the respective perpendiculars, as indicated in Figures l and 5.
The sense of the lateral inclinations of the wing and tail hinge axes relatively to the perpendicular and the magnitudes of these lateral inclinations and of the rearward inclinations of the axes are chosen according to the relative amounts of change in dihedral and incidence required with change in sweepback.
The port wing jack and the starboard wing jack are operated respectively by duplicated electric actuators deriving their power from generators driven by the aircraft power plant and controlled by repeater means generally similar to those employed in conventional power-operated controls. The control means, which are so arranged that the two pairs of actuators move differentially for lateral control and together for longitudinal control, are shown schematically in Figure 6. Corresponding parts on the port and starboard portions of the mechanism are denoted by the same reference numerals followed by the reference letters P and S respectively. Each wing jack consists of a screw 28 rotatable in fixed bearings 29 and 30, and a nut 31 engaged on the screw and pivotally connected to a yoke end 32 of the associated strut 23. A gear wheel 33 fast on the screw meshes with a pinion 34 forming the output member of a reversing and change-speed gear 35 providing a velocity ratio which is variable continuously from a maximum speed in one direction, through a neutral condition to a like maximum speed in the opposite direction. The gearing may be of the positive-displacement hydraulic type such as is commonly employed as a servo-mechanism in aircraft controls. An input shaft 36 of the gearing is driven continuously by an electric motor 37 The gearing 35 is controlled by a lever 38 shown in the neutral position. Movement of the lever 38 to the left of the neutral position (i. e. forwards with reference to the fuselage of the aircraft) causes the pinion 34 to be rotated in such a direction as to cause the nut 31 to be drawn forwards so as to increase the sweepback angle of the wing, the speed of operation of the jack being proportional to the angular displacement of thes lever 38. Similarly displacement of the lever 38 aft causes the sweepback angle of the wing to be reduced.
The jack screws 28 are rigid with bevel pinions 39 which mesh with bevel wheels 40 keyed to input shafts 41 of a differential gear having a cage member 42 carried in bearings 43. The outer ends of the shafts 41 are carried in bearings 44. Bevel pinions 45 on the shafts 41 mesh with planet bevel pinions 46 rotatable on a pin 47 fast in the cage 42. A bevel wheel 48 fixed on the cage 42 meshes with a bevel pinion 49 on a shaft 5l) which is carried in bearings such as 51 and which leads aft to a tail jack. It will be evident from Figure 6 that the hands of the wing jack screws and the layout of the differential gearing are such that the mean position of the wing jack nuts 31 will determine the position of the tail jack without regard to any differential displacement of the wing jacks.
The common control member for longitudinal control and lateral control is a control column shown at 52 in Figure 6; the crossing point of the lines 53 indicates the mid position of the control column. Two links 54 diverging forwards and outwards are pivotally connected be tween the control column 52 (at a point thereon which moves in the same directions as the pilots handle) and respectively two two-armed levers 55 pivoted at their mid points on fixed bearings 56. The relationship of the parts is such that, rstly, as the column is moved forwards, the ratio of increment of longitudinal movement of the column to increment of angular displacement of the lever 55 increases, and, secondly, as the column is moved transversely, say, from port to starboard, the ratio of increment of transverse movement of the column to increment of angular displacement of the starboard lever 55S also increases.
The ends of each lever 55 are linked to a roller chain 57 engaged with a sprocket 58 fast on a shaft 59 rotatable in a fixed bearing 69. A crank arm 61 keyed to the shaft 59 is connected by a link 62 to an intermediate point on a floating lever 63 one end of which is connected by a link 64 to the appropriate gear control lever 38. The oating lever 63 is supported at its other end by a pivotal connection with a rod 65 which slides in a fixed bearing 66. The rod 65 is fixed to a bracket 67 extending from the appropriate jack nut 31, so that the rod 65 imparts a return motion from the jack to the floating lever 63. The mechanism operates in known manner to cause the jack to occupy a position determined by the angular position of the crank arm 61. The layout is such that, when the crank arm 61 is displaced from its mid position towards either of its limit positions, the ratio of increment of angular displacement of the crank arm 61 to increment of motion of the jack increases. The effect is that, when the wings are in or near either limit of the range of variation of sweepback angle employed for longitudinal control, the result of moving the control column laterally is to cause one wing to move towards the middle of the range of sweepback angle through an increment which is larger than the increment of movement of the other wing away from the middle of the range.
It will thus be apparent that by suitable disposition of the operating struts between the jacks and the wings and by suitable selection of the control mechanism between the control column and the jack screws, it is possible to secure differential displacements of the wings such that the longitudinal trim is changed when lateral control is applied. In the present example application of lateral control produces a nose-down trim when the wings are spread at low speed and a nose-up trim when the wings are swept back in a high-speed position.
The differential gearing shown in Figure 6 is connected to the tail elements by the mechanism shown in Figures 7 and 8. A main spar 70 of the horizontal tail elements 24, which is provided with the hinges 25, has on its centre section two journals 71 mounted for angular displacement about a transverse axis in bearings 72 carried by two transverse frames 73 and 74 of the fuselage 10. The mid portion of the spar 70 is of enlarged box section and is connected to two rods 75 which converge forwards and are rigidly xed to a block 76. A tail incidence control jack 77 is connected as a vertical link between the block 76 and the fuselage 10 and operated by a conventional tail trim control gear (not shown).
The sweepback angle of the tail is adjusted by a jack having a screw 78 on a shaft 79 rotatable in a bearing in the block 76 and coupled by a Cardan shaft 80 to the shaft 50 that leads from the differential gear (Figure 6). The aft end of the jack shaft 79 is supported in a spigot bearing 81 in the spar 70. A nut 82 on the screw 78 is pivotally connected to two struts 83 which in turn are pivotally connected to auxiliary spars 84 of the tail surfaces 24.
A tail fin 85 is mounted on a transverse hinge 87 so that its sweepback angle can be varied. Such variation is effected by a jack screw 88 on the shaft 79 co-operating with a nut 89. A pair of struts 90 are pivoted to the nut 89 and to a lever 91 rigid with the fin 85, the arrangement being such that the two jacks operate in like directions to cause the fin sweep to be varied in unison with the sweep of the horizontal tail surfaces.
The wing flaps may be of any known type and may be operated either independently of or in dependence upon the operation of the wing sweepback mechanism. In the arrangement shown in Figures 4, 5 and 9, the flaps 92 are operated by hydraulic jacks 93 mounted in the wings in known manner. These jacks are controlled by hydraulic valves 94 fixed to the wings and having actuating tappets 95 co-operating with cams 96 on the fixed parts of the hinges 17 and so arranged as to cause the flaps to be lowered as the spread of the wings is increased.
Alternatively the flaps may be operatively connected to the wings and the fuselage in such a manner that movement of the wings relative to the fuselage causes a chordwise movement of the flaps such as to increase the chord as the wings are spread and retract the flaps as the wings are swept back, thus reducing the compensation for wing movement required by the tail. Figure l0 shows one such arrangement. The aps 92' are pivotally connected to the fuselage at 97 and slidably engaged with guide rails 98 fixed obliquely to the wings near their tips.
The improved method of lateral control enables the flaps to be made of full wing span instead of approximately half span as is normally the case, which will, of course, yield a much larger lift increment.
The differential and uniform variations in sweepback angle of the wings for lateral and longitudinal control, although operated by the power System described, are controlled by the pilot by the movement of the control column in the usual manner and, as in a conventional aircraft, there is a different control column position and appropriate wing incidence for each speed of flight, so in an aircraft controlled by the method described there is a different control column position and appropriate sweepback angle for each speed of flight, since the wing incidence at which the aircraft ies and therefore the speed is determined by the sweepback angle, in the same way that the wing incidence at which a conventional aircraft flies and therefore the speed is determined by the elevator angle.
Leading particulars of the example shown in Figures l to 5 are as follows:
Spread Swept back Span 38 ft. 9 in,... 24 ft. 2 in. Net wing area.. sq. ft. 132 sq. tt Gross wing area. ft
Tail volume ratio N et n and rudder area Fin and rudder volume ratio Length o fuselage Weight, empty Weight, gross Stalling speed (15,000 lb. weight) The tail volume ratio o-f 0.7/1 in the swept-back condition gives a total area of wings plus tail no greater than for a conventional aircraft with a tail volume ratio of 0.35/1, because the considerable positive loading of the tail to trim with the wings and tail spread results in a reduction of the wing area for a given stalling speed.
The leading and trailing edges of each wing converge at an angle of 17 towards the tips, the tail elements being geometrically similar to the wings. The sweepback angles marked in the upper parts of Figures 2 and 4 relate to longitudinal control range, and those marked in the lower parts of these figures relate to lateral control range. In the normal fully spread position of the wings and tail the leading edges are swept back at an angle a (Figure 4) of 15 (to a perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the aircraft) and in the normal fully swept-back position of the wings and tail the leading edges are swept back at an angle of a}-b=60; the range of longitudinal control movement may be from c=5 forward to b=45 backward from the normal fully spread position.
For lateral control, the differential operation of the wings may be such as to permit either wing to be displaced forwards through an angle d: 10 (Figure 4) to a limiting position such that its leading edge is swept back at 5 when the longitudinal control is set for the normal fully spread position of the wings and through an angle e=20 (Figure 2) to a limiting position such that its leading edge is swept back at 40 when the longitudinal control is set for maximum mean sweepback. Such forward displacements of either wing are accompanied by rearward displacement of the other wing which may range from twice the angular displacement of the forwardly displaced wing when the longitudinal control is set for maximum spread to zero when the longitudinal control is set for maximum sweepback.
A disadvantage of excessive sweepback for ight at low speeds is that the sweepback tends to have the same effect on lateral stability as dihedral and this effect becomes more pronounced and excessive at large angles of incidence, coupled with an excessive degree of longitudinal stability due to the sweepbacks causing a spanwise outward flow over the wings. This disadvantage is not present in the design according to the invention as there is I no sweepback when the aircraft is ying at large angles of incidence; hence it is possible with the arrangements described to combine a variable dihedral with sweepback to give normal dihedral with no sweepback and no dihedral with sweepback by the expedient of inclining the wing hinge axes at slight angles to a perpendicular to the chord plane of the wing. A change in incidence of the wing relative to the fuselage with variations in sweepback may also, as described, be achieved by the same means, and the tail hinge axes may also be inclined in a similar manner to effect the same purpose.
The change in relative incidence of wing to tail, with change in wing sweep, resulting from the inclination of the hinge axes, may be employed either to vary the compensating moment of the tail according to whether no change in trim for a given lift coefficient is required, or
to produce a change in trim appropriate to the change from high speed with the wings swept to low speed with the wings spread.
A further variable arising from variable sweepback which has a beneficial effect on the ratio of maximum lift to minimum drag is the fact that, whereas it has been found desirable to employ wing sections of about half the normal thickness/chord ratio if the high drag associated with supersonic flight is tobe minimized, such very thin sections are not conducive to the attainment of high maximum lift coefllcients, but with variable sweepback the thickness/chord ratio is varied at the same time because the effective chord becomes shorter as the sweepback is reduced, whilst the thickness of course remains constant. The chordwise position of the maximum thickness ordinate also moves fore and aft with these changes. The wing section therefore changes from a thick section and profile suitable for high lift at low speeds to a thin section and prole suitable fo-r low drag at high speeds.
An aircraft according to the invention will therefore have at least some of the following characteristics made variable by the movement of the wings and in some cases the tail to give maximum efllciency at all speeds of flight:
(l) Variable sweepback.
(2) Variable aspect ratio.
(3) Variable thickness/ chord ratio and pro-file.
(4) Variable incidence.
(5) Variable dihedral.
(6) Variable tail volume.
1. An aircraft having a fuselage, two wings including flaps controllable to give increased lift, two tail members, hinging means the axes of which are approximately vertical when the aircraft is in level flight and which connect the wings and tail members to the fuselage, a tail fin, a hinge having a transverse horizontal axis and connecting the fin to the fuselage, and control means connected to the wings, the tail members and the fin and operable while the aircraft is in flight for varying the sweepback of the wings between an extended position for low-speed flight and a sweptback position for high-speed flight and simultaneously varying both the tail sweepback in such a manner that longitudinal trim of the aircraft is maintained within safe limits, and alsoI the sweepback of the n in such a manner that when the wings are folded back the aspect ratio of the fin is reduced below that necessary for low-speed flight, the control means being connected to vary the sweepback of the wings and tail members through approximately equal angles.
2. An aircraft having a fuselage, two wings including flaps controllable to give increased lift, hinging means connecting the wings to the fuselage, the axes of said hinging means being approximately vertical when the aircraft is in level flight but are inclined slightly rearward and laterally in the upward direction, a tail member controllable for varying the tail lift, and control means connected with the wings and tail member and operable while the aircraft is in flight firstly for varying the sweepback of the Wings between an extended position for lowspeed flight and a swept-back position for high-speed flight and simultaneously varying the tail lift in such a manner that longitudinal trim of the aircraft is maintained within safe limits and secondly for providing differential variation of the angles of sweep-back of the two wings for the purpose of effecting lateral control of the aircraft.
3. An aircraft having a fuselage, two wings including flaps controllable to give increased lift, hinging means the axes of which are approximately vertical when the aircraft is in level flight and which connect the wings to the fuselage, said hinging means being inclined slightly rearward and laterally in the upward direction, a tail member controllable for varying the tail lift and control means connected with the wings and tail member and including a common control member operable while the aircraft is in flight firstly for varying the sweep-back of the wings between an extended position for low-speed flight and a swept-back position for high-speed flight and simultaneously varying the tail lift in such a manner that longitudinal trim of the aircraft is maintained within safe limits and secondly for providing differential variation of the angles of sweep-back of the two wings for the purpose of effecting lateral control of the aircraft.
4. An aircraft having a fuselage, two wings hinged to the fuselage about axes which are approximately vertical when the aircraft is in level flight, but are inclined rearward with respect to the upward vertical direction, a tail on said fuselage and having means controllable for varying the tail lift, and control means including two actuators operatively connected respectively with the two wings, a differential gear having two input members operatively connected with said actuators respectively and an output member operatively connected with said means for varying the tail lift.
5. An aircraft having a fuselage, two wings including flaps controllable to give increased lift, wing-hinging means the axes of which are approximately vertical when the aircraft is in level flight but slightly inclined laterally in an upward direction, and which connect the Wings to the fuselage, a tail including two laterally extending tail members, tail hinging means the axes of which are approximately vertical when the aircraft is in level flight but slightly inclined laterally in an upward direction, and which connect the said tail members to the fuselage, all of said axes being inclined rearward with respect to the upward perpendiculars to the plane of symmetry, relatively to the wings, containing the longitudinal axis of said fuselage, and control means connected with the Wings and the tail members and operable while the aircraft is in flight for moving the wings about the said hinge axes to vary the sweep-back wings between an extended position for low-speed flight and a swept-back position for high-speed flight, and for simultaneously moving the tail members about their said hinge axes to vary the sweepback of the tail members, the directions of the tail hinge axes relative to the wing hinge axes being such that the desired amount of incidence change is effected between tail and wing as they are folded back to maintain the required longitudinal trim of the aircraft.
6. An aircraft having a fuselage, two wings constituting the major lifting surfaces in low and high-speed flight, including flaps movable at least in part chordwise of the wings to give increased lift, two tail surfaces, said wings and tail surfaces being hinged to the fuselage about axes which are approximately vertical when the aircraft is in flight, control means operable while the aircraft is in flight for varying simultaneously the sweep-back of the wings and tail surfaces between an extended position for said low-speed flight and a swept-back position for said high-speed flight, and means actuating the flaps in response to variation of sweepback of the wings to increase the effective wing chord as the sweep-back angle is reduced.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,018,413 Dunton Feb, 27, 1912 1,506,867 Schneider Sept. 2, 1924 2,316,885 Ortega Apr. 20, 1943 2,580,176 Johnson Dec. 25, 1951 2,596,436 Robert May 13, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 210,181 Great Britain lan. 31, 1924 249,675 Great Britain Apr. l, 1926 526,162 Great Britain Sept. 12, 1940
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US1018413 *||Jan 10, 1911||Feb 27, 1912||Orravill L Dunton||Flying-machine.|
|US1506867 *||Feb 16, 1922||Sep 2, 1924||Julius Schneider||Aeroplane|
|US2316885 *||Jul 3, 1941||Apr 20, 1943||Carlos Ortega||Airplane|
|US2580176 *||Apr 18, 1947||Dec 25, 1951||Lockheed Aircraft Corp||Adjustable empennage|
|US2596436 *||Jan 21, 1948||May 13, 1952||Aime Robert Roger||Folding wing for aircraft|
|GB210181A *||Title not available|
|GB249675A *||Title not available|
|GB526162A *||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US2920842 *||Mar 20, 1956||Jan 12, 1960||Martin Co||Aircraft configuration|
|US2953322 *||May 21, 1954||Sep 20, 1960||William L Lewis||Airborne vehicle with variable area sustentation means|
|US2969938 *||Sep 16, 1957||Jan 31, 1961||Vickers Armstrongs Aircraft||Variable sweepback airplane|
|US2998209 *||Sep 25, 1959||Aug 29, 1961||English Electric Co Ltd||Multi-purpose, jet propelled aircraft|
|US2999657 *||Feb 17, 1958||Sep 12, 1961||Chance Vought Corp||Stabilizing means for aircraft|
|US3018985 *||Dec 31, 1956||Jan 30, 1962||Martin Marietta Corp||Swept wing with unswept spar|
|US3250494 *||Mar 25, 1963||May 10, 1966||Ronald T Peterson||Control mechanism for variable sweep wing aircraft|
|US3270989 *||Mar 30, 1965||Sep 6, 1966||Alexander D Hammond||Variable sweep aircraft|
|US3330501 *||Sep 27, 1965||Jul 11, 1967||Theodore C Barber||Airplane construction|
|US3484059 *||Jun 17, 1966||Dec 16, 1969||Peterson Adolphe C||Variable sustentation systems for aircraft|
|US3497163 *||May 24, 1966||Feb 24, 1970||George H Wakefield||Supersonic aircraft|
|US3501114 *||Dec 18, 1967||Mar 17, 1970||Dassault Avions||Jack system applicable to wing control of variable geometry aircraft|
|US3731546 *||Dec 1, 1971||May 8, 1973||Sundstrand Corp||Power operable pivot joint|
|US3794276 *||Oct 4, 1972||Feb 26, 1974||Lucas Aerospace Ltd||Electro-hydraulic actuating systems for aircraft control surfaces|
|US4538779 *||Sep 30, 1982||Sep 3, 1985||The Boeing Company||Caster type empennage assembly for aircraft|
|US4641800 *||Aug 18, 1983||Feb 10, 1987||Rutan Elbert L||Tandem or multi-winged high performance aircraft|
|US5457630 *||Nov 18, 1992||Oct 10, 1995||Aers/Midwest, Inc.||System for onboard lift analysis and apparatus therefor|
|US5737222 *||Oct 6, 1995||Apr 7, 1998||Aers/Midwest, Inc.||Apparatus for measuring lift forces based upon differential pressure between surfaces of an aircraft|
|US5766055 *||Oct 31, 1996||Jun 16, 1998||Kim; Cho-Kwon||Model glider having position-variable wings|
|US5796612 *||Mar 9, 1994||Aug 18, 1998||Aers/Midwest, Inc.||Method for flight parameter monitoring and control|
|US5934967 *||Jul 31, 1997||Aug 10, 1999||Blue Leaf Design, Inc.||Self-actuating spreading apparatus|
|US6002972 *||Apr 6, 1998||Dec 14, 1999||Aers/Midwest, Inc.||Method and apparatus for measuring forces based upon differential pressure between surfaces of an aircraft|
|US6253126||May 12, 1998||Jun 26, 2001||Aers/Midwest, Inc.||Method and apparatus for flight parameter monitoring and control|
|US7946527 *||Sep 10, 2007||May 24, 2011||Alan Glen Holmes||Aircraft with fixed, swinging and folding wings|
|US8342446||Jul 9, 2009||Jan 1, 2013||Airbus Operations Sas||Airplane with a modifiable surface of vertical empannage|
|US20060118675 *||Dec 7, 2004||Jun 8, 2006||Tidwell John Z||Transformable fluid foil with pivoting spars and ribs|
|US20060144992 *||Dec 7, 2004||Jul 6, 2006||Jha Akhllesh K||Transformable fluid foil with pivoting spars|
|U.S. Classification||244/218, 244/87, 244/90.00R, 244/48, 244/201, 244/46|
|International Classification||B64C3/40, B64C5/00, B64C5/14, B64C3/00|
|Cooperative Classification||B64C5/14, B64C3/40|
|European Classification||B64C3/40, B64C5/14|


I, JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR., President of the United States of America, find that the situation in and in relation to Burma, and in particular the February 1, 2021, coup, in which the military overthrew the democratically elected civilian government of Burma and unjustly arrested and detained government leaders, politicians, human rights defenders, journalists, and religious leaders, thereby rejecting the will of the people of Burma as expressed in elections held in November 2020 and undermining the country's democratic transition and rule of law, constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States. I hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.
All Americans who are qualified to serve in the Armed Forces of the United States (“Armed Forces”) should be able to serve. The All-Volunteer Force thrives when it is composed of diverse Americans who can meet the rigorous standards for military service, and an inclusive military strengthens our national security.
Communication technologies have fostered incredible progress— making information more open and accessible, breaking down the barriers between people and nations, facilitating greater scientific collaboration, empowering ordinary citizens to challenge injustice and hold their governments accountable.
Already in 1953, President Eisenhower—a man synonymous with American military strategy—warned that our security could never be achieved through a nuclear arms race without end: “Let no one think that the expenditure of vast sums for weapons and systems of defense can guarantee absolute safety for the cities and citizens of any nation. The awful arithmetic of the atomic bomb does not permit any such easy solution. Even against the most powerful defense, an aggressor in possession of the effective minimum number of atomic bombs for a surprise attack could…cause hideous damage.”


Originally Posted by John Deere Boy
Yeah i guess i'll keep em. I'd prefer to have the original color, but hey change is good.
I prefer the lighter gold of the 96-99 crosslaces.
The 92-95 gold crosslaces didn't have enough gloss for my taste.
Your car will definitely look sharp with those new rims on -no clear-coat pealing, no baked on brake dust or rust, and a nice shine to them.
Be sure you have ceramic brake pads before installing these to retain the new look.
Also -pics of the wheels installed is MANDATORY.


KARMAH, Iraq — After the Islamic State was finally driven from the central Iraqi city of Karmah last year, Sirhan Sallom returned to his home to find it demolished.
Mr. Sallom, 70, has since waited in vain for help. In Iraq’s deeply sectarian system, he doesn’t expect much from the Shiite-dominated government in Baghdad. But he is angry that local and national Sunni politicians haven’t come to the aid of his Sunni Muslim city either.
“These politicians are Sunni — they are supposed to help us,” he said. “They’re useless.”
Fourteen years after the American invasion ended decades of Sunni dominance in Iraq, Iraq’s Sunni Arabs are struggling to reclaim relevance and influence. After they were ousted from government jobs and from the military by the post-Saddam Hussein government, their powerlessness and rage gave rise to Sunni militant movements like Al Qaeda in Iraq and the Islamic State.
Now that those militants are being driven from the Sunni heartland, how the government responds to Sunnis trying to rebuild their lives is likely to have long-term consequences for the country’s stability and security.
More than 3.1 million Iraqis, the vast majority Sunni, remain displaced from their homes after three years of occupation and battles with the Islamic State. Another 2.3 million have returned. As towns like Karmah await rebuilding, Sunni leaders have not received much help from a cash-strapped central government more focused on battling the militants and, more recently, the Kurds.
Since 2003, Sunnis, who make up about a quarter of the population, have lost out to Shiites and Kurds, who were both brutally repressed by an elite Sunni minority under Saddam Hussein. With Iraq’s government now controlled by Shiites, and the Kurds governing their own autonomous area in the north, the Sunnis are in a political no-man’s land.
There were high expectations when Haider al-Abadi became prime minister in 2014 that he could turn the page after the divisive sectarian rule of his predecessor, Nuri Kamal al-Maliki, and win the confidence of the Sunnis.
Instead, Sunni leaders say, he has forsaken them while forging closer ties with Iran, the hard-line Shiite theocracy next door. Iran now wields tremendous influence over Iraq’s economy, military and government.
Hamid al-Mutlaq, who represents Karmah in Parliament, said the government was more focused on working with Iran and Iranian-armed Shiite militias than helping Sunnis rebuild.
“We are now a displaced people, a completely marginalized people — and it’s getting worse by the day,” he said.
“We have a corrupt government controlled by a foreign power, at the expense of Sunnis,” he added.
But Sunni politicians are mired in local feuds. They can hardly advance their own case when they can’t even agree on where to meet to patch up differences. At a Baghdad conference two years ago, Sunni politicians threw chairs at each other as their bodyguards traded punches.
“Our politicians do nothing for us,” said Ismail Jassim, 39, who relies on donations from neighbors in Karmah to survive in his home, which was burned by militants. “We never see them, except on TV at election time.”
The power of Sunni politicians was greatly diminished by the power-sharing agreement adopted after the American invasion. Under its formula, the prime minister’s post, along with the interior and foreign ministries, are reserved for Shiites. Kurds get the presidency and finance ministry. Sunni Arabs get Parliament speaker and defense minister, but the prime minister is commander in chief, and Shiite army commanders and militia leaders wield significant influence.
Iranian-trained Shiite militias are part of Iraq’s armed forces and have battled Islamic State militants since they seized nearly a third of Iraq in 2014. The militias have been accused of atrocities against Sunni civilians, and their presence near Sunni areas has alarmed many residents. A Shiite religious flag fluttered last week at an Iraqi military checkpoint outside Karmah.
Kurds have their own army as well, known as the pesh merga. But Sunnis have no national armed force, only tribal militias blended into Iraqi security forces to fight the militants.
Some Sunni politicians have advocated an autonomous Sunni region, but those proposals have stalled amid partisan bickering.
“Sunnis have no unified leadership,” said Wathiq al-Hashimi, the head of the Iraqi Group for Strategic Studies, an independent research group in Baghdad. “And Sunni politicians seem to care only about narrow personal interests.”
A Kurdish referendum on independence last month further divided Sunnis. Most opposed it, preferring to keep Kurds inside Iraq as a counterweight against Shiite domination; virtually all Iraqi Kurds are Sunni. Many Sunnis cheered the government takeover of contested areas, where Sunni Arabs had seethed under Kurdish control.
But even Sunnis opposed to the Kurdish vote were alarmed when Iraqi forces conducted military maneuvers with Iranian troops inside Iran along the Iraq border.
“We won’t tolerate that kind of foreign interference on top of everything else,” said Sheikh Ahmed al-Karim, a Sunni lawmaker who generally supports the government of Mr. Abadi, the prime minister.
In Parliament, the Sunni-led bloc has 78 seats, roughly proportionate to their share of the population, but is dwarfed by the Shiite bloc, with 182. The Kurdish bloc has 65 seats. Parliament has fallen increasingly under the sway of Iran, which is locked in a regional power struggle with Sunni countries led by Saudi Arabia.
Mithal al-Alusi, a Sunni lawmaker, has called the government “a cardboard state” because of its ties to Iran. He has asked, acidly, whether Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, the commander of Iran’s elite overseas military forces who has advised Iraq’s Shiite militias, had a proper visa to enter Iraq.
Shiites seem driven by a sense of religious grievance and a pan-Shiite destiny. Kurds are motivated by nationalism and dreams of independence. And Sunnis?
“For the Sunnis, there’s a lack of political cohesion about exactly what they want,” said Maria Fantappie, a senior analyst for Iraq at the International Crisis Group.
David L. Phillips, a former adviser at the State Department who has worked on Iraq for 30 years, said Sunnis had failed to organize as effectively as Shiites and Kurds.
“Baghdad is perfectly content to see the Sunnis in disarray,” he said.
There are a few hopeful signs. Because some Shiite factions will oppose Mr. Abadi in April, and Kurdish politics are in upheaval, he will have to court the Sunni bloc to help ensure re-election.
“The Abadi government has never needed the Sunnis more than now,” Ms. Fantappie said.
But Sunnis could suffer political losses in April if hundreds of thousands of displaced Sunni constituents are unable to vote. If hard-line Shiite populists prevail, some reconstruction funds could end up going to poor Shiite regions rather than liberated Sunni areas.
The post-Saddam era has proved ruinous for many Sunnis. After 2003, a de-Baathification program stripped hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civil servants of their jobs, including doctors and teachers. Many sacked Sunni army officers joined the Al Qaeda insurgency against American forces, though Sunni tribes later helped drive out the militants in the so-called Sunni Awakening.
Elements of de-Baathification continued, however. Mr. Mutlaq, the Sunni lawmaker who had been a general in Mr. Hussein’s army, said a de-Baathification commission had barred him three times since 2010 from running for Parliament. “Pure political harassment,” he said.
(He appealed, and now sits on Parliament’s security and defense committee.)
Under Mr. Maliki, who was prime minister from 2006 to 2014, many Sunnis who had reclaimed their jobs were purged from the military and government, some for the second time. Festering Sunni resentment helped spur the rise of the Islamic State and allowed its fighters to take over Sunni towns and cities in 2014 with relative ease.
The militants promised a new era of Sunni dominance, drawing widespread support from disenfranchised Sunnis. But they failed to deliver, and the reign of terror they imposed ultimately turned many Sunnis against them.
Now Sunni towns like Karmah, where residents initially welcomed the militants, feel abandoned by their politicians. Karmah, with a population of about 95,000, was liberated in May 2016. The United Nations has provided some aid, rebuilding schools and making emergency infrastructure repairs.
But the only sign in Karmah of the Iraqi agency charged with rebuilding liberated areas is the beginning of construction work on five schools. Mustafa al-Hiti, a Sunni pharmacist who directs the agency, said that just $140 million had been allocated by Baghdad this year for rebuilding all of the areas that had been under Islamic State rule. He estimated total costs for that job at more than $100 billion.
He said international donors had allocated billions of dollars, but much of that money has been slowed by audits amid donor concerns about Iraq’s reputation for corruption.
So Mr. Sallom is rebuilding his home in Karmah using his life savings and the help of his son, Ali Sirhan. Mr. Sirhan, 44, was asked whether he thought Sunni politicians would soon offer help.
“Help?” Mr. Sirhan asked. “Forget help. They don’t even come visit, even if it’s just to say, ‘God help you.’”


text:
Do you love doing nail art? Are you looking for nail art summer ideas? Check out our collection of ‘Watermelon Nail Art Designs for Summer below and tell us what you think&
French Manicure with Flower Accent Nail Design.
Browse our best nail art designs That you will love.
Looks like Buck Wild Salon and Spa to me!

domain: design


text:
Savings account deposits at Korean banks surged 65 percent on year in February as investors turn conservative amid growing uncertainties at market and economic front.
According to the Bank of Korea’s data, the balance of savings account at Korean banks for short-term deposit of six months or shorter stood at 130.5 trillion won ($102 billion) as of Feb 28, 2022, up 64.5 percent from a year earlier. The annual growth pace is the fastest ever, and sharp reversal from two consecutive years of decline – 8.5 percent on-year fall in 2020 and 0.1 percent in 2021.
The sharp gain in the savings account balance came in line with the capital ebb from the stock market. The daily turnover at the Kospi and Kosdaq averaged 17.7 trillion won last month, the lowest since February 2020.
Stricter loan regulations on top of rising interest rates have discouraged leveraged and risk-taking investments.
Household loans extended by local financial institutions fell 3.6 trillion won last month, while balance at savings banks rose 9.6 percent on year to reach 1,883 trillion won in February.
“More customers are putting their money into savings account for deposit of as short as one month as they do not know where to invest,” said Kim Hyung-lee, NH Nonghyup Bank official. The bank is recommending short-term savings account to customers as the interest rates are going up, he added.
Businesses also choose to shelve extra cash away instead of investing.
Business deposit at Korean banks reached 596 trillion won at the end of February, up 12.2 percent from a year earlier. The balance even hit record high of 613 trillion won at the end of 2021.
Rich individuals, meanwhile, are turning to high investment-grade corporate bonds for higher returns in line with rising interest rates.
Individual investors have net bought 1,207.9 trillion won worth of bonds this year up to May 4, according to the Korea Exchange. During the same period last year, retail investors had net sold 1,523.2 trillion won.
The growth has accelerated. Their net purchase amounted 23.2 trillion for the period from April 28 to May 5, up 31 percent from previous week and 275 percent from the same period a month earlier.
IPO had been the top choice for individual investment over the last two years but now the money is flowing into the bonds, said the banker. Returns are going higher amid rising interest rates.
Emart, rated AA0, issued 3-year debt last month with a coupon rate of 3.633 percent, the highest since February 2012. Hotel Shilla, rated AA-, sold 5-year debts at 4.17 percent, the highest since October 2011.
By Myung Ji-ye, Kang In-seon and Cho Jeehyun
[ⓒ Pulse by Maeil Business Newspaper & mk.co.kr, All rights reserved]


text:
SINGAPORE – Local celebrity couple Shane Pow and Kimberly Wang finally shared pictures of each other on Instagram after a year of zero updates.
The couple posted pictures from Louis Vuitton’s His and Hers perfume campaign for Valentine’s day, leaving fans feeling excited that they’re still going strong.
Fans were curious about their relationship after they stopped posting pictures together since the pandemic began last year.
According to 8days.sg, Pow and Wang made their relationship public in 2016 and consistently uploaded cute pictures together.
It wasn’t until February 2020, after the last episode of Somebody to Love – a mini-series the couple hosted, that they stopped posting any pictures together.
As you can see, the last post they shared of each other was at the end of February 2020. That, of course, left fans wondering about their relationship status.
However, this doesn’t go without mentioning that Pow was already shying away from talking about his relationship during his past interviews with 8days.sg.
Now that Pow and Wang have each updated Instagram with pictures from their recent campaign shoot together, fans are feeling relieved and happy to know that they’re still dating.
By the looks of it, Wang somewhat assured fans of their relationship status after she left a cheeky comment on Pow’s post.
Some fans are still not convinced as a few of them left comments on Pow and Wang’s post, asking similar questions:
With Wang’s cheeky comment and fans asking questions, it’s made way for more speculations about the couple.
To be fair, we won’t know for sure about whether or not Pow and Wang are still together unless they clarify it themselves. Until then, all we can do is wish them the best as much as we ship them together.
Otherwise we hope everyone had lovely Valentine’s Day and a memorable CNY!Follow us on Social Media
Send in your scoops to firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: celebrity


If you know how to take the whole unit bearing and axle shaft out together, then ~$30 at a shop to swap the ujoints.
Take off brake caliper and hang it with a bungee
take axle nut off (large size)
Remove 4 6-point bolts on the backside of the knuckle that holds the unit bearing
it may require some creativity with the steering to provide some umpf on the bolts to push unit bearing out
Slide whole assembly out carefully supporting the axle shaft so as not to disturb the axle seal inside by the differential.
00 Ram 1-ton ORE; 3" BL; 14" coilovers; ARBs, 37" Toyos; R/T Camshaft; Mopar M1; Custom long arms, sliders and bumpers; 12K Winch; York +5g OBA


text:
Not to be a downer, but there's something you should know about me: I'm a bit of a worry-wart. I worry about what people think of me, I worry something will happen to my dog (and then who will help me weed out the bad guys?) and, worst of all, I worry that I'm screwing up my relationship. Now, there's a new study published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology that says that excessive worrying can be a detriment to a perfectly happy communion. (Great, now I can add that to my list!) It makes sense to me that focusing on the negative can turn a plum of a relationship into a sour apple, but what else should we NOT being doing if we want to keep things healthy?
1. Stop Communicating
You can talk all you want, but once you stop expressing yourself, sharing and working through issues, the relationship will be at a standstill. This also goes for ignoring him. I don't think there's anything more painful than being shut out and not listened to. So, there you have it. Tell him how you feel, why you do the things you do, and what you love about him. It will bring you closer and strengthen your bond.
2. Take Him for Granted
He's choosing to be with you. He doesn't HAVE to be. So, remind him how special he is to you. Don't forget to say "Thank you" for taking the dog out or remembering to bring home your favorite iced tea from Trader Joe's. Little acts of generosity have been proven to be the basis of a healthy relationship, so return the favor and do things for him that show you care.
3. Act Out of Jealousy or Insecurity
OK, so we're human and we all have bouts of the above, but the trick is to not let it eat away at you and cause you to start checking his phone and email every time he leaves the room. He thinks you're awesome. (And you are!) So unless you have real reason to believe he's seeing someone else or he doesn't love you just the way you are, don't let it drive your behavior.
4. Act Clingy or Standoffish
Both are equally detrimental. Individuality is important in a relationship. If he wants to go out with his friends, give him the space to do so. And, conversely, if he shows you affection and asks for intimacy, respect his desires. The more you pull away, the more he'll think you're not invested in the relationship.

domain: psychology


text:
Oral yeast infection or oral thrush is a form of yeast infection that develops in your mouth as well as your tongue. The infection is caused by the fungus Candida albicans. At any time, the fungus actually lives in your mouth but at small amounts and without causing any harm. However, if there is an imbalance in microorganisms living in your mouth, possibly through drug use like corticosteroids, antibiotics, or birth control pills, or the development of diseases thereby creating an imbalance, the increase in amounts of the fungus results in oral yeast infection. Since this form of infection is fungal, the use of antifungal becomes necessary for oral yeast infection treatment.
There are times that you cannot just help developing fungal infections. But if you do get a fungal infection, it is important for you to treat it as soon as possible. Why? If you do not treat it soon enough, the infection may get worse and spread to other parts of the body. This is the reason why it is vital to treat any form of infection at the soonest possible time. If you fail to treat your infection, it is likely that you will be risking a lot, not just on cost, but also with complications. Keep in mind that if your infection worsens, treatment for it will be longer and inevitably more expensive. Read more…What is the Best Oral Yeast Infection Treatment? Why Use Prednisone Deltasone?
LIKE US — Like our Facebook page and learn about upcoming events, news, press, activities and more related to the Cape Cod Canal Centennial celebration.


Images: Riverine Squadron gets anti-improvised explosive device [Image 1 of 2]
Photo by Sgt. Benjamin Kibbey
Allen Tanaka, a test officer with Joint CREW [Counter Radio-controlled IED Electronic Warfare] Composite Squadron 1, out of Baghdad and Yuma, Ariz., native, uses several radio devices to test the range of the CREW system installed on the patrol boats used by Riverine Squadron 3, near Contingency Operating Base Basra, Iraq, Dec. 14. Tanaka has worked in the National Counter-Insurgency Counter-Terrorism Test and Evaluation Center directorate at Yuma Proving Grounds for almost 3 1/2 years, testing counter-IED systems, primarily CREW.
Date Posted:12.22.2009 01:38
Location:CONTINGENCY OPERATING BASE BASRA, IQ


text:
Farmers have the opportunity to add a new revenue stream to their farms.
Gov. Gretchen Whitmer changed a policy that now allows landowners who are enrolled in the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Program (Public Act 116) to use their farmland for commercial solar array purposes.
“My administration understands and is committed to helping meet the growing demand for clean, renewable energy sources in our state,” she said. “By preparing for and investing in renewable energy, we're protecting our environment while diversifying revenue options for Michigan farmers and supporting economic development and job creation in a key Michigan industry. We want to ensure that the placement of commercial solar panel arrays is consistent with farming operations and the purposes of PA 116, while also providing opportunities for renewable energy."
About 3.4 million acres of farmland is enrolled in PA 116, which is about one-third of the state’s approximately 10 million acres of farmland. The Farmland and Open Space Preservation Program is designed to preserve farmland and open space through agreements that only allow farmlands to be used for agricultural purposes, and it provides tax incentives for those who participate in the program.
If farmers choose to lease a part of their land to solar panel developers, they must enroll that parcel of land in the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development’s preservation program.
Farmers can maintain their PA 116 agreement by deferring its continuation until after the solar energy agreement. There also must be a bond paid by the solar developer that ensures all the wires underground and other amenities related to the solar panels are removed from the farm once the project is completed so that the farm can be returned to its original state, allowing it to be only used for agriculture.
“This administrative decision will not result in a loss of useable farmland,” MDARD Director Gary McDowell said. “The change ensures that Michigan’s farmland is preserved so we can continue to feed our communities while also balancing the need to develop renewable energy sources. This is an exciting new opportunity for Michigan's farmers to diversify while they continue to face challenging circumstances.”
Although farmers will be exempt from the tax credit that the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Program provides, Jim Byrum, president of the Michigan Agri-business Association, said farms will have another revenue stream.
“Right now, commodity prices within the agri-world are not very good,” he said. “So, for a farmer, this will actually allow for an opportunity to generate revenue from their farms … from a completely different source. It might increase the sustainability of that farming operation so that grower can have multiple revenue sources in addition to what they are producing on the rest of their land.”
In addition to a new revenue source, Byrum said this opportunity allows for landowners to move away from coal-powered powerplants to other means of generating electricity.
“There is a great deal of interest in developing solar power as we go through the next 10 to 20 years when those coal power plants come offline,” he said. “We are going to need, in Michigan, new alternatives to that.”
The new policy allows for solar panels on farms, which Byrum said will sit on the ground and they will be hooked up to transmission lines, and the solar electricity will move right onto the grid; anyone hooked up to that grid benefits from the solar energy that is being generated.
Byrum said while there are some solar panels that will soon be operational, it takes about 18 months from when a developer contacts the farmer to when the solar panel is up and running.


text:
In our recent travels to California, we met (for the second time) Michelle. Michelle is a native Cameroonian, who is, by the way French, as well. I had many conversations with Michelle during our few days in Oceanside, and I found her to be very interesting, in particular in the ways she cooked. What I really enjoyed about Michelle was the simplicity she brought to her food, and something that I took away was the green salad. This brought back memories of when I would make salads and the dressing for my wife; really basic, but packed with flavors.
On one particular evening, I made grilled chicken, as well as assisted Michelle in making what I thought would be a salad. You know, the salad that contains mixed vegetables and tossed with dressing. I was soon wrong, however open to what Michelle was doing. I was learning how she preferred, as well as many Cameroonians, their dinners. Instead of tossing the vegetables with the lettuce, she simply kept those as a separate dish, which contained only cucumbers and tomatoes, tossed lightly with olive oil and sea salt.
In a separate bowl she had tossed greens mixed with a vinaigrette. While sitting down and eating with Michelle, she ate her cucumber and tomato mix first, then chicken, and lastly the green salad. I followed suit, and must say I was generally pleased, especially with the freshness and punch of the flavors of balsamic vinegar, garlic, and olive oil at the end. It was as though the green salad cleaned and cleansed the pallet. Upon arrival back to Wisconsin, I made my version of green salad with vinaigrette.
- Green leaf lettuce, cleaned, dried, and torn into bite size pieces
- Romaine lettuce, cleaned, dried, and torn into bite size pieces
- Sea salt
- Fresh ground pepper
- Olive oil
- 1 tbs dijon mustard
- 2 tbs Balsamic vinegar
- 1-2 cloves of garlic, finely chopped
In a large bowl, combine your garlic, vinegar, salt, pepper, mustard, and olive oil. You want to whisk in the olive oil, enough to make a dressing. You will notice the olive oil blend into the ingredients. Now, add your greens to the top of the dressing. When you are ready, simply toss the lettuce gently and lightly coat each lettuce piece. The flavors are so great as you get the tartness from the vinegar and mustard and the punch of the garlic. It creates a circus in your mouth, not only that but it is healthy.

domain: food


text:
I like the mood too. Glad it feels real for you. It is like this most of the time - except when it is raining!
Excellent moment, dear Ian! like! Have a wonderful day! Simona
Thank you very very much, Simona. Life is good! I am sorry I am a long way behind with my visits to your gallery. Forgive me but I will catch up.
I wish you a wonderful day, Ian! :) Warmest wishes, Simona
And may yours be wonderful too, Simona. Thanks dear friend.
Nothing to forgive dear Ian, such is life ~ good evening an ´d hope your week started off well ~ love from the other end ~ Maja ~~~~~~~~~~~~
Here, where the green is overwhelming, you managed to create a special mood using grayscale.
The world waltzes with me when I receive your love and greetings...even from the other end of the world.
Ian ~~~ ~~~
I appreciate your thoughtful affirmation, Monica. Not often do I shoot from a moving vehicle - but this was one I couldn't resist - for the reason you indicated: one moment I was in the barren starkness of a sulphurous crater, then in the fog, and shortly later in an equatorial world of green.
LIKE!:-D Have a nice sunday
Dear Barbara, Thanks for your appreciation and greeting.
You have a very nice gallery!I LIKE IT.
HAVE A NICE WEEK...greetings from LAKE COMO!
Your greetings come from a very beautiful part of the world, Barbara. Thanks for the compliment. I look forward to sharing images with each other, in the future. Warm greetings from Brisbane.
Compliment for your wonderful photo. like
Greetings from Poland Agnieszka
We were on our way down from the summit of the active volcano, and as we re-entered the clouds we were descending into this forest plantation. I am pleased that you have responded to this image.
Sign up to comment.
Sign in if you already did it.
Photo taken in Ciater, Ciater, Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Misplaced? Suggest new location


text:
Acid reflux is caused by stomach acid creeping up into the esophagus. Between 25 percent to 40 percent of Americans suffer from acid reflux symptoms.
Gastroesophageal reflux is a physical condition in which acid from the stomach flows backward up into the esophagus. People will experience heartburn symptoms when excessive amounts of acid reflux.
Jun 22, 2018. Before you pop an antacid, know that you are causing more harm to your. Probiotics not only works on symptoms of acid reflux, but it also.
When symptoms of heartburn or acid indigestion happen a lot, it could be. The digestive system consists of the parts of the body that work together to turn food.
Stomach Pain After Acid Trip Jan 26, 2017. LSD is such a powerful and long-lasting drug because brain cells. The study's findings explain why LSD's effects can still be felt for 12 hours or longer after the. The 'acid trip' only ends when the body starts to react to this unusual. as a strong painkiller used to treat chronic pain
Feb 12, 2018. A properly working LES protects the esophagus from the acid in. Once GERD is confirmed, treatments include lifestyle changes, medications and surgery. Over -the-counter antacids to neutralize the acid in your stomach.
Acid reflux can lead to back pain and a host of uncomfortable digestive symptoms. Understand the causes of this condition and learn about natural treatments.
Conventional medicine has a knack for treating the symptoms without. Antacids make heartburn worse because they neutralize acids and therefore raise.
We’re interested in your thoughts on our latest COPD case study: Jim B., a 68-year-old man here for his Phase II Pulmonary Rehabilitation intake interview.
Acid reflux is a condition in which acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus and even up to the throat, irritating their lining tissues.
Hyperacidity, as known as acid reflux or heartburn, is the irritation of the esophagus that results when acid from the stomach is released into the esophagus.
Herbal Treatments for Acid Reflux. More and more people are turning to alternative medicine in search of a solution for their health issues. While alternative medicine spans everything from massage to hypnotism to yoga, most people end up trying herbal treatments.
Wallach Wisdom Encyclopedia -A – Kingmaker – Acid Reflux: Both Stress and aging cause a decrease in stomach acid production which allows bacteria to grow in the stomach.
This article is about the medication used to relieve heartburn. For the acid produced by ants, known in many languages as "ant acid", see Formic acid. Antacid tablets. An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, Antacids are distinct from acid-reducing drugs like H2-receptor antagonists.
Learn the different symptoms of severe heartburn and acid reflux that can lead to much. Pop a Tums in your mouth and go on with your day. and modification to your diet don't work by themselves, medications, either over-the-counter or.
Apr 15, 2014. They are medicines that can help alleviate heartburn and acide reflux. Which antacid should you choose for rapid relief of acid reflux or sour.
Sep 4, 2018. The most common symptoms associated with acid reflux are heartburn, Examples of antacids include Tums, Maalox, and Mylanta. Histamine.
Nov 29, 2018. If you regularly suffer from indigestion and find that antacids don't help, our. While antacids usually work, some people experience side effects or find. Antacids are medicines that neutralise your stomach acids to relieve the.
A GERD diet, when combined with other lifestyle changes, can often help reduce, or even eliminate many of the painful symptoms associated with acid reflux.
Other terms: Acid indigestion, gastric reflux, acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease. Stress, smoking, certain foods, caffeine, medications, and other medical. Common names for these are Maalox®, Mylanta®, Rolaids®, or Tums ®).
Shop for Acid Reflux in Health. Buy products such as Prilosec OTC Frequent Heartburn Medicine and Acid Reflux Reducer Tablets 42 Count – Omeprazole.
Nov 10, 2017. It could be a case of gastroesophageal reflux disease—GERD, for short—a. This is where some detective work might start coming into play.
Find relief from heartburn and acid reflux in Atlanta with medications for GERD. of antacids is that they cannot be used as a preventative, but instead only work.
What is Nausea During Pregnancy? Nausea during pregnancy is a feeling of queasiness commonly experienced by expectant mothers, particularly during early pregnancy.
Aug 24, 2018. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – an easy to understand guide. The liquid forms of these medications work faster But the tablets may be more convenient. Antacids that contain magnesium can cause diarrhea.
Antacids: Get Facts on Side Effects and Drug Interactions – RxList – Antacids are a class of drugs used to treat. and heartburn (due to gastroesophageal reflux.
Apr 29, 2015. “These work for people with heartburn that is occasional and not too severe,” says. Pepcid Complete combines an acid reducer with an antacid, so it gives. Because if you don't treat GERD, it can damage your esophagus.
When is the Best Time to take my Supplements? Most of us take more than one supplement and many of us take one or more prescription drugs. One of the most frequently asked questions concerns the timing of medications and supplements and it can be very confusing.
An apple a day may keep the doctor away, but does it keep acid reflux away, too? Apples are a good source of calcium, magnesium, and potassium.
Learn about gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, acid reflux, heartburn) symptoms like heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, and nausea. Diet, causes, diagnosis, treatment and.
Heartburn occurs when stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus. A little understanding of anatomy helps to appreciate why some therapies work or.
Buy Alka-Seltzer Original Effervescent Tablets – fast relief of heartburn, upset stomach, acid indigestion with headache and body aches – 72 Count on Amazon.com FREE SHIPPING on.
Ginger for Acid Reflux: Does It Work? – Health. – If you deal with the burning that comes with acid reflux, you’ve probably tried many treatments to find relief. While over-the-counter medications and lifestyle changes can help, natural.
Mar 4, 2016. But how do antacids work?. When you eat an antacid like Tums, Rolaids, or Alka-Seltzer, the gastric acid in the esophagus is neutralized as it.

domain: biology


text:
The FBI’s most recent national terror threat assessment list completely omits Islamic terrorists, instead focusing on sovereign citizens and the militia movement.
The University of Maryland’s National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) also said that sovereign citizens were the “top concern of law enforcement.”
In 2012 that same department released a study which characterized Americans who are “suspicious of centralized federal authority,” and “reverent of individual liberty” as “extreme right-wing” terrorists. The study, which was funded by the DHS to the tune of $12 million dollars, largely omits Islamic extremism and instead focuses on Americans who hold beliefs shared by the vast majority of conservatives and libertarians and puts them in the context of radical extremism.
Last year, it emerged that the Department of Homeland Security maintains a “hands off” list of individuals with terrorist ties, allowing them unfettered entrance to the United States. In a related story, Muslim Brotherhood members with ties to terrorism traveling through Minneapolis Airport, New York’s John F. Kennedy Airport and Dulles Airport in April 2012 were handed “port courtesies,” with the State Department telling the DHS to ensure the men “not be pulled into secondary upon arrival at a point of entry.”

domain: politics


text:
More disturbing news regarding the Arctic ice cap:
Stressed about the political, social, economic, or world climate? Need to just sit back and relax for 7 or 8 minutes? This may help:
This is good advice for anyone in this internet, sound-bite, echo chamber driven world (Note- it’s gonna take some effort, but it is worth it):
25 Photos on the shortlist for Wildlife Photographer of the Year competition at the Natural History Museum in London:
(Photo from bbc.com)
After five years away, Kaili is coming home for the ceremony to install her sister as head of the family business. When an old rivalry threatens the family, Kaili and her partner need to use all their skills to save the sisters’ lives. Learn more here.
A collection of six short fantasy stories set in varied worlds of magic and mayhem. Learn more here.
A short novelette set in a dystopian Earth after the final environmental collapse. Sam is a genetically engineered chameleon who may hold the key to mankind’s survival. Learn more here.
In a world reeling under the effects of severe climate change, food shortages are common, and arable farmland is scarce. Unscupulous distributors like Beni Oligowma take advantage of the shortages for their own gain. When a promising new technology for growing food even under the harsh conditions is unveiled, grocery store owner Frank is determined to see that everyone is able to benefit from the results, not just the Benis of the world.
Feed My People is a short story, set in a dystopian science fiction world, and is free. Learn more here

domain: literature