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The Nuristani languages are intermediate between Iranian and Indian groups, while Pashay is a conservative Indian language. There is a large semi-nomadic and nomadic population. In the s refugees sought to escape the communist regime, in the early s they fled Jihadists and then later that decade, interracial dating fort lauderdale the Taliban. The incidence of unions between cousins is high.
The Afghans are among the latest victims of genocide by a superpower. Afghanistan Country Study. Journalist in Afghanistan face threat from both the security forces and insurgents. We've set up a new WhatsApp group so you can receive the latest London headlines straight to your phone.
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In a Muslism society, according to our laws, homosexuality is prohibited. Both the Sunnis and the Shiites recognize the authority of the Koran and respect the five pillars of Islam. University of Chicago Press.
- Most inhabitants felt they belonged primarily to a local community and secondarily to the supranational Islamic community.
- For the first five years Abdul was in Doncaster, he worked on factory floors and in warehouses but then became a cab driver.
- Each tribal group claims a common male ancestor and is divided into subtribes, clans, lineages, and families.
National Geographic Society. Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. Several small companies and factories began operating in different parts of the country, which not only provide revenues to the government but also create new jobs.
The Taliban are not a force to be considered invincible. Afghanistan is an Islamic republic consisting of three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial. It is very useful site with lots of great information.
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Hospitality is a strong cultural value. Neighborhood and other social links, often reinforced by marriage, can be stronger than extended kinship. The country imports tax-free goods through Pakistan, including cars, air conditioners, refrigerators, televisions, radios, and stereo equipment. Looking for a quick cummer top.
Early Soviet military reports confirm the difficulties the Soviet army had while fighting on the mountainous terrain, for which the Soviet army had no training whatsoever. The Id al-Fitr or Id-e Ramazan the Small Feast or Feast of the Ramazan marks the end of the fasting month and is a period of cheer during which relatives and friends visit each other. Each district is represented by a district governor. They play an important role in the social life of village community and the local identity.
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Institute for Environmental Diplomacy and Security Report. Culture Name Afghanistani, Afghan. Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state.
Many inhabitants are bilingual or trilingual, and all the major languages are Afghanistan spoken in the neighboring countries. The nation has a complex history that has survived either in its current cultures or in the form of various languages and monuments. Later, the Samanids extended their Islamic influence south of the Hindu Kush.
In a peasant family, men look after the sheep and goats, and plow, harvest, thresh, and winnow the crops. Society also is stratified along religious and ethnic lines. In practice however, mayors are appointed by the government. Its main purpose is to train the Afghan National Security Forces.
Massoud went unarmed to talk to several Taliban leaders in Maidan Shar, but the Taliban declined to join this political process. This is a fantastic information about Afghanistan. You can find everything we had in Afghanistan here, there are foods from everywhere in all these shops. Thank you for being an excellent source.
Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds. Afghanistan Justice Project. In the old Persian calendar, it was a fertility festival celebrating the spring. The Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs continues to develop diplomatic relations with other countries around the world. Afghanistan does not have a unified government.
- King Amanullah Amanollah Khan, r.
- Pilgrimages allow women to get out of the home in groups to chat and socialize.
- The Taliban's early victories in were followed by a series of defeats that resulted in heavy losses.
- Polygamy is allowed if all the wives are treated equally.
- Division of Labor by Gender.
Love to suck, rim, deepthroat and get fucked hard. Disputes over women, land, single dating sider and money may result in blood feuds. Northern Cyprus as Turkish Cypriot State.
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So I can't change that law - because the law of God is above all laws. The topography is a mix of central highlands and peripheral foothills and plains. Illinois Institute of Technology. Thank you for all the facts.
It actually sucked and i think it should be burned. European Journal of Population. Ministries exist in Kabul, and lower-level civil servants have often remained in place, how do but there is no real administration.
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While the nation's current account deficit is largely financed with donor money, only a small portion is provided directly to the government budget. Throughout the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, troop convoys came under attack by Afghan rebel fighters. In the north and the west, smaller compounds with vaulted houses of mud brick are prevalent. Exorcism and magic protect people from the evil eye. Temporary shelters range from reed and straw huts to caves.
London Underground Tube passengers left gasping for air after tear gas set off at Oxford Circus Police want to speak to two men after gas was released on a carriage. Like the My London Facebook page here. Sometimes, pilgrims put a pinch of sand collected from the holy place into their tea or keep a scrap from the banners on a tomb.

domain: geography


text: We find out this morning from Mother Jones that the Tea Party challenger to Sen. Thad Cochran (Pretty Damned Conservative-MS) attended a pro-Confederate, pro-Secessionist event recently. For the Mississippi GOP this isn’t as unusual as it might sound. What got my attention though is that he’s being supported by the Senate Conservatives Fund and the Club for Growth. The former of course is the spawn of now-Heritage Foundation sachem and former South Carolina Sen. Jim DeMint. The picture comes very into focus. Calhounite, neo-Confederate, revanchist.

domain: news


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domain: medical


text:
Laredo Petroleum (LPI) has risen sharply, recording gains of 25.85% in the past 4 weeks. However, the stock has corrected -2.17% in the past 1 week, providing a good buying opportunity on dips. On a relative basis, the stock has outperformed the S&P 500 by 26.11% in the past 4 weeks, but has underperformed the S&P 500 in the past 1 week.
Company shares have received an average consensus rating of Hold for the current week The stock has recorded a twenty day Moving Average of 9.73% and the fifty day Moving Average is 15.46%. Laredo Petroleum, Inc. is up 8.71% in the last three month period. Year-to-Date the stock performance stands at 57.82%.
Laredo Petroleum (LPI) : The consensus price target for Laredo Petroleum (LPI) is $12.79 for the short term with a standard deviation of $3.4. The most optimist securities analyst among the 17 who monitor the stock believes that the stock can reach $20, however, the pessimist price target for the company is $8.
Laredo Petroleum (NYSE:LPI): stock turned positive on Friday. Though the stock opened at $12.69, the bulls momentum made the stock top out at $12.96 level for the day. The stock recorded a low of $12.42 and closed the trading day at $12.61, in the green by 0.16%. The total traded volume for the day was 2,544,702. The stock had closed at $12.59 in the previous days trading.
Laredo Petroleum, Inc. (Laredo) is an independent energy company, focused on the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and natural gas properties primarily in the Permian Basin in West Texas. The Companys Permian Basin is comprised of several distinct geological provinces, including the Midland Basin to the east, the Delaware Basin to the west and the Central Platform in the middle. The Permian Basin is located in West Texas and Southeastern New Mexico, where the Company has assembled approximately 196,683 net acres. Its primary production and exploitation fairway (Permian-Garden City area) is located on the eastern side of the basin 35 miles east of Midland, Texas, and extends 20 miles wide (east/west) and 85 miles long (north/south) in Howard, Glasscock, Reagan, Sterling, Irion and Tom Green counties. It holds approximately 155,405 net acres in 360 sections in the Permian-Garden City area.


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LeapRate's Daily Forex Industry Newsletter
Join now to receive first access to our EXCLUSIVE reports and updates.
Screenshot of a breaking news alert e-mail from Q2 2017
As China’s BitKan announced it would officially ban both over-the-counter bitcoin and bitcoin cash transactions, bitcoin fell to around $3,800, denoting more than 20% drop in value, after reaching almost $5000.
According to TheStreet, BitKan informed that as the trading of initial coin offerings or ICOs is also suspended, the ban on bitcoin was the next logical step to take. The one huge advantage OTC bitcoin trading poses to investors is their ability to access very competitive spreads, pricing and do it without an official exchange.
After the Central Bank of China announced it will suspend fundraising via digital currency, slandering it as “illegal”, and with the People’s Bank of China announcing 90% of all ICOs in China to be a fraud, then BitKan followed with the banning of OTC bitcoin, as well.
ICOs are also banned, with 60 ICO platforms being under regulatory scrutiny.
However, according to the TheStreet, China is planning on launching its own digital currency that will trade on their exchanges. Despite the strict regulations in China, TheStreet announced that none of the major Chinese exchanges such as OkCoin BTC China have halted trading bitcoin.
The fear from the Chinese regulations affecting the popularity of bitcoin and alike-products has contributed to the price drop of bitcoin. Overall, 80% of all cryptocurrencies are falling in free fall, after bitcoin slipped to $3,777. With Chinese investors going out of their positions in bitcoin and bitcoin cash, which is one of the most traded digital currency in China, the price is expected to fall even further.
In addition, the fall in bitcoin price levels was also bolstered by JP Morgan’s CEO Jamie Dimon, who referred to bitcoin as a “fraud”. The immediate price drop was 1%.

domain: economics


Britain needs a ‘cultural change’ if it is going to cut spending on benefits, according to the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. Simply ‘cheese slicing’ the budget will not be enough, and he accused previous governments of simply ‘patching up’ a fundamentally broken system.
Iain Duncan Smith made the comments in a speech to a right-wing think tank, Policy Exchange, in London. He said he wants to see ‘internal and external cultural change’ in the coming years, not just ‘political and technocratic’ welfare reform. He continued:
‘By this I mean cultural change both within society, and within government itself. We are faced with a fundamental challenge. Millions of people stuck on out of work benefits. Millions not saving nearly enough for their retirement. And government addicted to spending levels as a measurement of success, rather than life change as a measurement of success.’


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Thank you to all of our sponsors and participants, and congrats to the winners! The Triangle Breakfast Club’s 6th Annual Capital Cornhole Classic and 50/50 Raffle was a resounding success!
The cost of the event was covered by members of the Triangle Breakfast Club and the owners of Coglins Raleigh. As a result, all proceeds raised will go straight to the Inter-Faith Food Shuttle’s BackPack Buddies Program: which provides children from low income families in need with healthy meals.
The dust is still settling, but early results indicate that we will surpass last year’s donation of $12,600 to Backpack Buddies.
|SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS:|


Harvey Weinstein is by no means the first celebrity to get tangled up in serious allegations; in recent years, Oscar Pistorius was found guilty of killing his girlfriend, Jimmy Saville was accused of endless counts of pedophilia, and even Jay-Z is known to have stabbed someone in the past. What do these people have in common? First off, they’re all men. Second of all, and more relevantly, they’re all in positions of power.
What does research into power tell us about people in positions of control or supremacy? Well, it’s been found that power seems to affect everyone, even if only temporarily. A study using ordinary people assigned each of them to a level of power. Those in the most powerful positions seemed to do things they’d never dream of doing at any other point. They were happy to do things that aided them, even if it meant the distress of the person their actions affected.
In one variation of the study, those in power were also happy to take sweets from a young child. For the experiment, they’d made their power seriously. The results suggested that those in the position of power could not feel sympathy for those they lorded over, and they were unable to see from their point of view how their actions affected them. So what does this tell us about Harvey Weinstein?
It explains a lot. Harvey Weinstein has been accused of preying on women of a ‘lower rank’ to him. Many of the women involved were looking for fame and for a chance to perform when Weinstein offered them the parts. The only catch? They had to sleep with him. If he had been of a lower rank, the women would have had no reason to accept the offer, knowing they didn’t stand to gain anything from it. Studies have shown that power amplifies a man’s perception of how desirable they are, which makes a lot of sense in Weinstein’s case. Why else would Harvey Weinstein believe so many women wanted him? What he viewed as a good time was him preying on people who weren’t interested in his advances.
It’s all too common in the workplace, not just in Hollywood rings. Men seize opportunities to abuse their power by sexualizing each situation they approach with women. They translate every move as an invitation for sexual activity, even when it’s most inappropriate. This is the reason there are so many horror stories on the news about priests, athletes and influential creatives getting involved in sex scandals – they use their power to gain them more than they should get. Even after it becomes clear that the acts aren’t consensual.
It should also be noted that people in power can influence the decisions of those of a lower rank to them. A study by Milgram found that when told to by someone above them in status, people were willing to direct shocks of electricity into individuals they’d never met. This can perhaps explain why no one was willing to speak up about abuses of Harvey Weinstein earlier – they were intimidated and controlled by his illusion of supremacy. Many have criticised the company workers who kept quiet about what was happening under their noses, but the truth is, science suggests that each of do the same.
Of course, there’s a reason why women have become so much more vulnerable to this in an industry like Hollywood. With significant pay differences between male and female co-stars, women are already treated as secondary citizens in film circles. Add to that the percentage of female directors – a mere 4% in comparison to 96% of men – and it’s easy to see how women fall victim to power-hungry men like Harvey Weinstein. If the balance were tipped, perhaps women would be the ones getting caught in scandals as Weinstein has. But for now, that’s not the case.
Now that people are becoming more outspoken on these issues, how will this change things? It can only be theorized. Many think this will be a turning point for victims everywhere, but it can be hard to believe when so many powerful men have got away with so much for so long. For things to change, society needs to change too. Stigmas that enable men like Weinstein to play out their abuses with no consequences need to be tackled with force. That might be a while off yet, but time will tell.
Introduction: Sleep is the most important part of a person’s life. It has a direct… Read More
Taking care of mental health is a basic necessity of everyone’s life because our body… Read More


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Hello, everyone! Today, we are two-thirds of the way through NaPoWriMo/GloPoWriMo, and heading into the home stretch.
Our featured participant today is this and other poems, where the creation myth for Day 19 is “tenuous,” but strikingly believable!
Last but not least, here is our (optional) prompt for the day. Today, I challenge you to write a poem that incorporates the vocabulary and imagery of a specific sport or game. Your poem could invoke chess or baseball, hopscotch or canasta, Monopoly or jai alai. The choice is yours!

domain: artistic


text:
Our Service Area
Our southeast Wisconsin food bank is located at 1700 W. Fond du Lac Ave., Milwaukee, WI
Our northeast Wisconsin food bank is located at 2911 W. Evergreen Drive, in Appleton, WI.
Driven by our mission to solve hunger and our vision of a hunger-free Wisconsin, Feeding America Eastern Wisconsin is bringing more people together around the table to address the root causes of hunger. We are the leading hunger-relief organization in Wisconsin, operating food banks in Milwaukee and the Fox Valley. We work with more than 550 members across 36 counties in eastern Wisconsin. Together, we serve nearly 400,000 people each year.
- About Us
- How You Can Help


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|Vegetable Garden 2007|
|About Us | Vegetable garden | Fruit garden | Flower garden | Chicken diary | Recipes | Chick originals|
This page will include details of my vegetable growing exploits as they
develop in 2007.
For a summary of what I've learnt this year and will change next year, see Vegetable Lessons.
Jump to: beetroot, broad bean, broccoli, brussel sprout, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celeriac, celery, chilli, chives, courgette, dwarf bean, fennel, gherkin, haricot bean, herbs, jerusalem artichoke, kale, kohl rabi, leek, onion, pea, pepper, potato, raab, radish, rhubarb, runner bean, salad, scorzonera, shallot, sweetcorn, swiss chard, tomato, turnip
Built over four days between 16 and 24 May. An investment to give good protection from weeds and rabbits and more growing space in the paddock. It spans six of the original seven beds, but all of the space between beds can now be developed for cultivation.
Immediate planting plans are for potatoes, shallots, onions, sweetcorn and courgettes.
23 Feb - Planted saladisi in a low tub, currently in the potting shed. Should be ready in 6-8 weeks and crop for 6 months or more. It's a mixture of onion white lisbon, chervil, basil sweet green, rocket, purslane, chicories, loosehead lettuce and lettuce valmaine.
19 Apr - First harvest of saladisi.
21 Apr - Outdoor planting of Polycress and Niche Oriental Mixed salad leaves.
4 May - another pot combining Niche Oriental Mixed with Polycress, only took four days to germinate.
23 May - a square foot of 'Niche oriental Mixed' seeds combined with polycress.
23 Feb - We loved last year's beetroot so much that I've started early this year with a pot of 11 seeds in the potting shed.
2 Apr - Two 3 foot rows planted at the back of the greenhouse.
21 Apr - There are only three or four tiny, tiny seedlings.
23 Feb - I'm into recycling so I've been saving 500g yogurt pots with lids and I used my first five to plant broad bean seeds, currently housed in the potting shed.
1 Apr - Planted out the 8 seedlings raised in the potting shed plus 8 more seeds.
18 Apr - the outdoor seeds seem to have "disappeared" so I've sown another nine indoors in individual 3" pots.
21 July - we've had a tasty harvest but my broad beans have been a little disappointing this year in terms of quantity. I pulled them up today and harvested a remaining four portions. They seem to have suffered from something that has made their leaves go "rusty". Must look this up.
23 Feb - never tried to grow this before, so a new venture. Seeds in two old mushroom cartons, in propagator, in potting shed.
6 Apr - no sign of any germination at all, so ditched in favour of celeriac.
12 Mar - Three seeds planted in the potting shed.
23 Mar - Three seeds germinated.
1 Apr - 3x3 seeds planted outdoors under bell cloches. These seeds failed to germinate.
8 Apr - more seeds added into existing pots in the potting shed.
21 Apr - I had a very cramped pot of chard planted last year from which I separated five plants which I transplanted into the veg garden.
4 Jun - planted out two of my new chard plants.
Fruit or vegetable? Well, according to the RHS it's a perennial vegetable
16 Mar - the rhubarb patch, small as it is, has come back to life.
25 Mar - I planted my 12 tubers. I just hope the soil isn't still too wet as I don't want them to rot!
28 Mar - I've bought proper hanging basket tomato seeds this year, called Tumbling Tom Yellow. First three seeds planted in two inch pots, to test whether it's warm enough yet for germination in the potting shed.
4 Apr - Garden pearl seeds in 1.5" pots in the heated propagator.
11 Apr - Nine tumbling tom seeds planted in indoor propagator.
18 Apr - Ten propagator modules containing 2 garden pearl seeds each.
20 Apr - Almost forgot my cordon tomatoes! 12 Brandywine and 12 Sungella seeds planted, half in heated propagator and half in potting shed propagator.
26 May - Since I have been struggling so badly to germinate cordon tomatoes, I cheated and bought 3 plants at the village fair for £1!
2 Jun - one garden pearl tomato plant transferred into a long tom pot, three purchased tomato plants (from the local fair) planted in the greenhouse.
29 July - harvested my first 4 tomatoes from the three plants in the greenhouse that I bought at the local fair.
1 Apr - Two drills of approx 24 seeds each planted outdoors.
18 Apr - Since the above drills have completely failed, I've started some more seeds in 1.5" plastic modules, 10 Jaguar and 10 Feltham First. Plus 9 Asparagus Pea in 1.5" peat pots.
21 May - More pea sowing in the potting shed, 9 feltham and 9 jaguar in 1.5 inch peat pots.
4 Jun - 9 asparagus pea and 11 pea seedlings planted out.
4 Apr - 4 West Indian seeds in 2" pots in the heated propagator. (3 germinated but seedlings then died.)
20 Apr - 4 Melothrie seeds in 2" pots in a potting shed propagator.
10 May - Another try. 3 West Indian seeds individually in small yogurt pots.
23 May - transplanted two melothrie into outdoor trellis planters.
3 Jun - potted up my third melothrie into an 8 inch pot with small obelisk, which I will keep in the potting shed to compare with the outdoor growers.
16 June - I want to pot up my three west indian gherkin plants and I have a wodden trough with a trellis to house them. I had originally planned to have this outdoors but the weather is so inclement at the moment that I am holding back. The trouble is, the trough is not terribly strong so I want to avoid moving it when it's loaded with compost. On the other hand, transplanting is getting necessary.......
18 June - the indoor melothrie is looking very healthy and growing well, but the outdoor ones are very slow, even though I've got them covered with bell cloches for extra warmth. All of this heavy June rain isn't helping either!
6 Apr - Seeds in two old mushroom cartons, in propagator, in potting shed. One tray moved to the heated propagator on 14 April.
25 Apr - No germination at all.
10 May - another tray of celeriac sown in the potting shed, but this also failed to germinate
23 May - 2 five foot drills planted outdoors - I don't want to give up on this tasty veg!.
6 Apr - 5 Incredible seeds in 500g yogurt pots with lids in the potting shed.
11 Apr - 5 Minipop seeds in large yogurt pots.
18 Apr - Another 8 Incredible seeds in 1.5" peat pots.
30 Apr - the original 5 Incredible failed, so replaced by Sundance in same pots.
8 Apr - Carrot Parmex seeds sown in two pots.
8 May - Both pots have germinated well and were thinned out today.
9 Apr - It's cheating, but I bought a tray of 12 savoy cabbage seedlings from a garden centre today.
22 Apr - 4 seedlings planted out, 3 next to the greenhouse and one in a pot, all under individual bell cloches.
29 Apr - 7 remaining seedlings planted out under a fleece cloche.
10 Apr - Seeds sown in modules in potting shed propagator.
2 June - 3 red peppers transplanted into 3 inch pots.
10 Apr - 6 seeds sown in individual 3" square pots in potting shed propagator.
10 Apr - a pot of chives sown in potting shed with plastic bag over.
11 Apr - 6 dwarf bean seeds in individual 3" square pots.
11 Apr - Basil and Coriander seed mats planted in separate pots. By 25 April the coriander had germinated well, but only one basil seed came to life.
19 Apr - Chives harvested from the herb wheel which are still growing from last year's planting.
21 May - a new mint pot sown, a combination of
21 May - a new pot of basil combining 'Sweet Green' and 'Red' seeds.
11 Apr - 8 four inch pots used to plant 24 seeds, 3 in each pot. 4 pots are my own seeds.
24 April - 21 out of the 24 seeds have germinated. Whatever will I do with them all?
30 Apr - one climbing courgette sown.
7 May - I found a home for 6 courgette plants with one of the neighbours.
12 May - planted out 6 of my courgette plants. I'm having to wait until the polytunnel is built for the other 9 if they can survive that long. I might have to pot them on first.
23 May - transplanted my one climbing courgette into a trellis planter.
12 Jun - what's up with the courgettes this year? I've got 8 plants in the garden/tunnel, one in a big pot and a climbing one on a trellis. All of the seeds germinated and produced sturdy plants but they've not grown since I put them out a month ago. Well, there's one exception - the one in the large pot seems to be growing now but the others all look very pathetic. Normally I just can't stop them.....
18 Apr - Ten propagator modules containing 2 Falstaff seeds each.
4 May - no luck with indoor germination so seeds planted outdoors.
26 May - my outdoor seeds have germinated but I couldn't resist three well developed plants at the local village fair for 30p each!
3 Jun - Planted out my 3 bought sprouts and later regretted this - they should be in the net tunnel where the netting will protest them from brassica munching bugs.
18 Apr - Ten propagator modules containing 2 seeds each, annual summer purple sprouting broccoli.
4 May - no luck with indoor germination so seeds planted outdoors.
18 Apr - Ten propagator modules containing 3 seeds each, but no germination a month later.
23 May - 3 three foot drills planted.
20 Apr - 6 seeds in a tray in a potting shed propagator.
Raab Cima di rapa (also known as "Broccoletto" and rapini) is characterised by long slender stems, frilly green leaves and small flowers that look like mini calabrese or broccoli florets. The 60-day cultivar Cima di Rapa is ideal for the UK climate. Harvest before the flower buds open to get the sweetest flavour and a crunchier texture.
21 Apr - two rows planted.
21 Apr - a new adventure, 2 four foot drills sown.
3 May - I think there's a sign of one or two germinating fennel seeds.
21 Apr - a row of white and a row of red sown.
8 May - both drills have germinated well and were thinned out today.
22 May - first harvest.
16 June - final harvest.
22 Apr - I had no luck with these mini cauliflowers last year. They are supposed to be ideal for pots, so I've sown two pots with 3 or four seeds each, hoping to end up with just one per pot. The pots are filled with a 60:40 mixture of my own compost:multi-purpose compost.
3 May - 5 cauliflower seeds have germinated, but how long will they survive? I've protected the two pots with cloches.
3 June - transplanted 1 mini cauli into a new pot, protected with a fleece cover to stop the munching bugs.
22 Apr - I cheated and bought 12 cabbage seedlings at a garden centre on 9/4. Planted three out alongside the greenhouse after first enriching the soil with my own compost and one in a pot, all collared and cloched. Again I used a 60:40 mixture of my own compost:multi-purpose compost in the pot.
30 Apr - 18 seeds sown alongside the greenhouse.
3 May - Unable to wait any longer, I planted three potato tubs, Amandine, Valor and Sarpo Axona.
16 May - Encouraged by the germination in the first three tubs, another giant pot with three Amandine planted.
25 May - At last, a little late, but 8 Valor tubers and 10 Sarpo Mira tubers planted in the net tunnel.
21 July - tipped out an Amandine pot as the plants have finished flowering and seem to be dying. There were three tubers planted in here but they only produced enough potatoes for two meals - a little disappointing. And although they tasted nice, my potatoes last year were stunningly tasty, so doubly disappointing :-(
4 May - 3 three foot drills planted outdoors.
Described as a tasty winter vegetable, which grows as a black skinned root to be boiled, steamed or fied in butter.
23 May - 2 five foot drills planted.
23 May - 2 five foot drills planted.
21 May - In anticipation of my net tunnel being finished this week, I have put three trays of onions to root in the potting shed.
25 May - At last, a little late, but 99 pre-rooted Stuttgarter Riesen onions planted in the net tunnel.
2 Jun - another 76 onions planted in the net tunnel.
4 Jun - 40 shallots planted in the tunnel and 6 more planted outside the greenhouse to compare with them, although they may be a little cramped here.
7 June - sowed 14 seeds (6 of mine from last year and 8 packet seeds) around a seven pole wigwam, 2 seeds at each pole.
16 June - 4 of my seeds and 6 of the packet seeds have germinated.
For a reminder of last year's exploits - 2006 veg garden notes.

domain: agronomy


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Give your garden a mediterranean feel, with this authentic looking water butt. This 90 Litre Antique Plant Amphora in Dark Granite is a lifelike replica of a terracotta vase. Each tank is unique and comes with an integrated plant cup for an individual design. So not only is it great for storage but it also makes a great decorative feature with its highly elaborate details. It is 100% recyclable and is particularly UV-stable and weather resistant.


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USB Data Cable for Holux GR-230/231, GPSlim 236/240, M-1000/1000B/1200 and Altina 708/709
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USB DATA CABLE for the Bluetooth Dual GPS (Altina and Holux) enable you to use the GPS BT device without the Bluetooth feature (can be used to use the receiver as a wired mouse style receiver) so you can connect it to any laptop through the USB Port.
Compatible with: ALTINA GBT708, 709 Dual GPS BT receiver. HOLUX GR-230 Dual GPS BT receiver. HOLUX GR-231, GPSlim 236, 240 Dual GPS BT receiver.
No drivers file needed for installation.
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text:
The season has been selected but we are looking for directors for the following shows:
Feb. 2021– Rumors
April 2021– Waiting for the Parade
June 2021– The Butler Did It
If you would be interested in directing one of these plays or have questions, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org by December 15th.
Our Playreading Committee is working hard towards choosing a season for 2021-2022.
Directors are invited to submit a show they want to direct... please let us know your preferred time slot and something about the show. Alternatively, if you don't have a particular show to submit, but want to direct at Vagabond Players, we also want to hear from you!
Lastly we welcome submissions for non directors who know of a show that they think would be a great fit for Vagabond Players to present.
Our committee will be making their recommendation to the Board of Directors in April/May 2020 so please contact us at as soon as you can.


text:
When Is The Automobile Chip Shortage Going To End at Automotive
Best Automotive Tips and References website . Search anything about Automotive Ideas in this website.
When Is The Automobile Chip Shortage Going To End. The light at the end of car shortage 2021. Trade sanctions and phone rollouts added to global chip shortage.
The chip shortage will cost the global auto industry in 2021 $210 billion in revenues and lost production of 7.7 million vehicles, consultant alixpartners estimated in september. Bloomberg and the washington post note the us commerce department has published a semiconductor supply chain report estimating that. Auto sales are expected to drop at least 13% in the third quarter due to disrupted production tied back to the chip shortage, according to industry estimates.
When Will The Global Car Chip Shortage End? Moneyshake Blog
Chip inventories dwindling when will the shortage ease? Many of the chips required to solve our car shortage 2021 problem are made overseas by large chip makers like samsung, foxconn, renesas, and taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (tsmc). When you pair it with the chip shortage going on, we’re having a supply issue.”. The automakers, quickly canceled orders for parts with computer chips, thinking auto sales would nosedive.


text:
The singer shared an image of herself wearing a face mask yesterday (August 1) along with the caption “vaxxed n masked”.
- READ MORE: Fully vaccinated artists and music fans from US and EU will be exempt from quarantine rules in England
“This is your gentle reminder to please get your vaccines if you are eligible,” Grande wrote. “This thing is not yet over.”
Grande shared a link in her post to a John Hopkins Medicine website, as well as a number of social media accounts run by doctors, in a bid to “help anybody who is hesitant or curious with making their decision” over getting the vaccine.
“This delta variant is very new and since data is changing all the time, I’ll source some links for you to stay up to speed yourself but so far… we do know that it spreads much more easily compared to previous variants,” she continued.
“Most of the spread is among unvaccinated people and in areas with low vaccination rates! And yes although you can still get it while vaccinated, the vaccine helps to protect against severe illness, hospitalisation, and death!
“All great things to be protected against in my book. Oh and if you have already gotten sick with COVID-19, you should STILL get vaccinated!”
In the US, over 164 million people have been fully vaccinated against coronavirus, according to the CDC. Over 191 million people have received at least one dose of the vaccine.
Grande will perform a number of virtual shows this weekend for players in the video game Fortnite.


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domain: law


text:
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects more than 70 million individuals worldwide . Progression of liver disease to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis due to chronic HCV infection is a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with an annual rate ranging from 1-7% . The prognosis of HCC remains poor, because it has usually reached an advanced stage by the time of diagnosis. HCC is considered as the third leading cause of cancer death in the world and it is estimated to be responsible for approximately 1 million deaths per year .
HCV incidence has shown a declining trend in recent years. This is mainly due to decreased exposure to HCV-related risk factors, which include injected drug use and contaminated blood product transfusion . This declining course was interrupted by a rise of HCV incidence among people who inject drugs . On the other hand, we are now in the era of interferon (IFN)-free anti-HCV treatments, since the development of many very potent direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), which provide impressively high rates (>95%) of sustained virological response (SVR) .
The expected wide use of this new generation of antiviral treatments makes it difficult to predict the incidence of HCV-related cancer in the future. The prediction is even more difficult since other morbidities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, and diabetes are on the increase as independent risk factors for the development of HCC . Moreover, it must be taken into consideration that there is a long interval, 2-8 decades, from the initial HCV infection to the development of HCC . During this long period, many pathological processes take place, including chronic inflammation, hepatocyte death, regeneration, fibrosis, and cirrhosis . Nowadays, the residual damage and its surveillance after the successful treatment of chronic HCV infection are not the only issues. There are also some concerns about the role of DAAs in the recurrence or development of HCC after the achievement of a virological response.
The aim of this article is to review published data on the risk of HCC occurrence or recurrence following DAA therapy and provide a literature update on the underlying immunological mechanisms.
The impact of IFN treatments on HCC occurrence
According to previous studies focusing on the effects of IFN treatment, the eradication of HCV reduces the long-term incidence of HCC while halting the progression of disease, thus preventing the clinical complications associated with chronic viral infection [10,11]. In 1995 Nishiguchi et al  showed that patients with HCV-related cirrhosis who achieved SVR with IFN treatment had a lower risk of HCC development. Since then, other studies with long-term follow up, such as the HALT-C trial (Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis) , the CO-PILOT (Colchicine versus Peginterferon alfa 2b Long-term Therapy) , the EPIC3 (Evaluation of PegIntron in Control of Hepatitis C Cirrhosis) [15,16], and a trial by the Swedish Hepatitis Group , have confirmed that patients who achieved SVR had a lower incidence of HCC compared to non-responders. However, patients older than 65 years old and those with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis are at higher risk . The long-term risk of developing HCC persists in cirrhotic patients for up to 8-10 years, especially in the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes [17,19].
The impact of DAAs on HCC de novo occurrence and recurrence
In the era of IFN-free regimens, HCV patients can receive treatment regardless of HCV genotype, fibrosis stage or even the presence of severe comorbidities . However, concerns were raised when two studies reported both increased rates of de novo HCC occurrence and unexpectedly high rates of recurrence in patients who cleared HCV after IFN-free DAA therapy [21,22]. Conti et al in a retrospective cohort study from Italy, observed a significant increase (28.81%) in the early recurrence of HCC in 59 HCV patients who had SVR after DAA treatment and had been previously treated for HCC, either with curative regimens (resection and radiofrequency ablation) or with potentially non-curative treatment (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization [TACE]) . Moreover, Reig et al investigated the benefits of DAAs in a cohort of 58 patients with a prior history of HCC and complete response to heterogeneous types of treatment, such as resection, ablation or chemoembolization. After a median follow up of 5.7 months, 16 of 58 (28%) patients exhibited HCC recurrence .
Since then, several studies have been conducted with a view to reevaluating the role of DAAs and the established general assumption that HCV eradication minimizes the risk of HCC development. The ANRS collaborative study group on HCC elaborated the results of 3 prospective multicenter cohort studies in France (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, CO12 CIRVIR, and CO23 CUPILT). This analysis, which included more than 6000 patients treated with DAAs, did not support an increased risk of HCC recurrence after DAA therapy . However, in contrast to both previous studies, the ANRS register enrolled only HCC patients treated with curative procedures, including patients who received orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but excluded HCC patients treated with TACE .
Yang et al investigated pre- and post-OLT outcomes in patients with HCV-associated HCC treated with DAAs and compared them to those of untreated patients. Unexpectedly, a trend toward a higher risk of HCC recurrence was reported in patients who had received pre-OLT DAA treatment (5/18, 27.8%) compared to the risk in untreated patients (6/63, 9.5%) . Nevertheless, it should be taken into account that most of the studies showing an increased risk for HCC recurrence (Table 1) were retrospective and included relatively small numbers of patients with quite heterogeneous characteristics. Two recent prospective studies by Cabibbo et al and Kassas et al [26,30], which included a relatively small number of patients, yielded conflicting results and cannot provide a clear conclusion. Based on the above, large, prospective cohorts with adequately homogeneous patient populations, in terms of HCC staging system, treatment strategy and evaluation of HCC response before DAA administration, are needed.
Table 1 Studies evaluating the risk of HCC recurrence after DAA therapy
Apart from the reports of higher HCC recurrence rates, a higher rate of de novo HCC appearance has also been described. In a report from a single US tertiary center, 9 of 66 HCV cirrhotic patients who received DAAs developed de novo HCC over a period of 6 months following the end of therapy . The same trend appeared in patients with negative history for HCC who showed de novo occurrence (9 of 285 patients; 3.16%) during a follow-up period of 24 weeks after DAA therapy in the abovementioned study by Conti .
On the other hand, a recent retrospective analysis of 22,500 DAA-treated HCV patients from a US Veteran Cohort has shown that, compared to patients without SVR, those with SVR had a significantly lower risk of HCC (0.90 vs. 3.45 HCC/100 patient years; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.22-0.36). However, in the same analysis, cirrhotic patients who achieved SVR had higher HCC rates compared to the general population . The most recent study by Ioannou et al further supports the opinion that DAA-induced SVR is not associated with an increased risk for HCC. According to a retrospective analysis of 62,354 patients who received anti-HCV treatment from 1999 to 2015 (IFN, IFN+DAAs, or DAAs only), the achievement of SVR led to a significant reduction in HCC development, regardless of the type of regimen. More specifically, DAA-induced SVR resulted in a 71% reduction in HCC risk . In summary, in terms of DAA-related de novo HCC occurrence, all retrospective studies [32,33,36,37,39] investigating this hypothesis, apart from 2 smaller studies by Ravi et al and Conti et al [21,31] (Table 2), as well as two recent large, prospective cohorts by Calvaruso et al and Romano et al [34,35], clearly show that there is no increased risk of HCC following HCV eradication with DAA regimens. Furthermore, SVR seems to have a protective effect against HCC development, regardless of the type of antiviral treatment.
Table 2 Studies evaluating risk of de novo HCC occurrence after DAA therapy
Although there is no convincing explanation for the reported “better” outcomes in IFN-containing regimens, we should emphasize the obvious bias that characterizes studies focusing on DAA treatment, since HCV patients with severely impaired liver function or other significant comorbidities who received DAAs would not have been qualified to receive IFN treatment.
The clinical impact of HCV eradication is more relevant in patients with compensated cirrhosis, who have not developed clinically significant portal hypertension, liver decompensation or HCC [10,11]. HCV eradication leads to elimination of the inflammatory status and the subsequent up-modulation of liver regeneration, which could lead to a progression of precancerous lesions into malignant cell clones [40,41]. Experimental studies have shown that the oxidative damage induced by chronic inflammatory status causes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), leading to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis [42,43]. Under the replicative stress following the elimination of HCV, some of the impaired cells containing DSBs could reenter the replicative cycle with increased genomic instability, thus facilitating tumorigenesis . Similar scenarios have been postulated in patients who had surgery for HCC. It has been suggested that, considering the stress after ischemia reperfusion, the subsequent liver regeneration promotes acceleration of liver tumor growth or even carcinogenesis after resection .
The role of the immune system
IFN treatment for HCV is based on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms that inhibit viral replication, leading to virus elimination in a substantial number of patients . The possible alterations in the immune system after clearance of the virus with the DAAs and how they may affect the conventional cancer immunity cycle are still unknown.
HCV-related T-cell exhaustion
In chronic HCV infection, the continuous antigen stimulation and the impaired CD4+ T cells can lead to exhaustion and/or deletion of pathogen-specific CD8+ T-cell clones . This leads to a loss of immune control during chronic infection. Initially, the effector T cells lose their proliferative capacity and fail to develop into memory CD8+ T cells. Subsequently, they present with impaired cytokine production and ultimately low IFNγ production . The “exhausted” T cells are a heterogeneous population of virus-specific CD8 T cells that go through a maturation process [48,49]. At least two distinct virus-specific CD8 T-cell subpopulations are included, the T-bethiPD-1int CD8 T cells, representing the progenitor cells that increase in response to persisting antigen stimulation, leading to progressive differentiation to the EomeshiPD-1hi CD8 T cells, the terminal progeny, which do not have replicative ability and persist over the long-term during a chronic infection (Fig. 1) . This phenomenon of antigen stimulation, required for their continued survival, is referred as antigen addiction [49,50]. At the more advanced stages, the above process leads to a markedly diminished number of progenitor cells compared to the terminally differentiated T cells, a situation that may lead to a loss of immune control in chronic infections . Characteristically, in their differentiation process, they express high levels of numerous inhibitory receptors (PD-1, LAG-3, CD160, 2B4, TIM-3, CTLA-4). However, the blockade of PD-1 can induce specific “revitalization” of the T-bethiPD-1intCD8 T cells . All the above indicate the complexity of the mechanisms that lead gradually to CD8 T-cell exhaustion during chronic infection, while it is still unknown whether or how current treatments could reverse the process.
Figure 1 Immunological effects of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: NK cells show abnormal activity with suppressed cytokine production, CD8 T-cell exhaustion expressing mainly inhibitory receptors, and increased Treg cells causing suppression of HCV-specific CD8 T cells
HCV, hepatitis C virus; NK cells, natural killer cells; Treg, regulatory; T cells TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-10, interleukin-10; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; APCs, antigen presenting cells.
HCV-related dysfunctional CD4 T cell response
Patients with chronic hepatitis develop a lack of effective CD4 responses combined with a progressive expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg) (Fig. 1) and a reduction in interleukin (IL)-17–expressing T cells (Th17 cells) . This change in the Treg/Th17 ratio leads to an impaired capability to eliminate the HCV virus, due to the suppression of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells through increased IL-10 production . Moreover, the affected balance between Treg and Th17 cells could generally impact the process and outcome of autoimmune and inflammatory pathways , including immunological defense versus development of malignancy.
The impact of HCV treatment on immune response
IFN treatment has been shown to partially reinforce the recovery of the impaired immune response, resulting in a post-treatment decline in circulating and liver-infiltrating Treg cells . In this context, it should be noted that the slower kinetics of virus elimination, in parallel with the immune modulatory and anti-proliferative properties of IFN, could contribute to a more gradual restoration of post-SVR immune function . In contrast, there is the hypothesis that swift HCV eradication with DAAs could have a presumably destabilizing effect on the immune reconstitution in the liver microenvironment, caused by rapid reduction of viral load and leading to impaired surveillance of HCC occurrence or recurrence . A recent study by Langhans et al examined the levels of Tregs before therapy and at different time points during and after successful treatment with sofosbuvir plus IFN, or with IFN-free regimens . The population of Tregs, increased at baseline because of chronic HCV infection, did not normalize regardless of treatment type, while the Tregs activation status remained high even 1 year after successful treatment. Based on this observation, all DAA treatments, including those combined with IFN, failed to restore Treg activity to normal levels following HCV elimination . Persistence of negative modulation by Treg cells may negatively contribute to immune reconstitution, even long after HCV has been cured, with an unknown impact on the process of carcinogenesis.
Nevertheless, according to Serti et al , successful HCV clearance with DAAs can rectify abnormal natural killer (NK)-cell activity due to chronic HCV infection. Specifically, it has been reported that antiviral treatment with daclatasvir/asunaprevir caused the normalization of NK-cell cytotoxic effector functions by altering the type of cytokine production as soon as the second week of treatment (Fig. 2). As a result, suppressed production of IFNγ and tumor necrosis factor-α by NK cells returned to normal, while the number of cytotoxic CD107 NK cells decreased. In total, these alterations following DAA treatment represent the reset of NK cells to their original phenotype and activity as observed before chronic HCV infection . This is further supported by a recent study specifically showing an increased frequency of CD56 NK cells in the peripheral blood of 31 HCV patients at the end of treatment and following achievement of SVR with DAAs . The observed normalization of innate immune activity after successful DAA treatment could contribute to a more effective immunological defense against HCC. Moreover, patients who achieved SVR with DAAs were found to have more HCV-specific CD8+ T cells post-treatment compared to patients who failed. Apart from the frequency of HCV-specific CD8+ cells, the number of positive responses after HCV-specific peptide stimulation increased in patients with SVR between baseline and follow-up week 24 . These results, although based on a limited number of patients (n=51), imply that CD8+ T-cell dysfunction caused by ongoing viral replication could be reversible shortly after DAA-induced HCV clearance.
Figure 2 Impact of DAA-induced HCV clearance on immune functions: restoration of NK cell activity with increased IFNγ and TNF-α production, leading to APC maturation and proliferation of HCV-specific CD8 T cells. No impact on Treg population is seen following DAA treatment +/- interferon
APC, antigen-presenting cell; DAAs, direct-acting antiviral agents; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TGF, transforming growth factor; Treg, regulatory T cells; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
To recapitulate, given the previous studies that correlated DAAs with higher HCC rates, it has been presumed that the fast-driven HCV clearance could provoke an abrupt cessation of antigen stimulation, causing a rapid imbalance in immune control and affecting HCC immunological surveillance, especially in cases of advanced liver disease or with previous HCC history. However, this mechanism is purely speculative and there are no robust published data to prove it. Although DAA treatment seems to have no significant impact on the HCV-related increased number of Treg cells, even after SVR , it seems to restore NK and HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell function [57-59]. Therefore, the exact status of the complex immunological equilibrium following HCV clearance and its impact on HCC development need to be further studied before we can draw safe conclusions regarding the specific role of DAAs in hepatocarcinogenesis.
So far, a novel diagnostic biomarker to detect early HCC does not exist. α-Fetoprotein is no longer recommended by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases’ guidelines for surveillance or diagnosis of HCC . Molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 or c-Kit, micro-RNAs etc., have been used as predictors of outcome in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma [61,6]. In a recent study it was shown that DAA administration induced an early increase in serum VEGF level, which returned to the pre-treatment levels after the end of therapy . The possibility that this finding may represent a mechanism that could possibly lead to accelerated growth of undetected HCC after DAA administration still needs to be clarified.
Recently, raised concern regarding an increased risk of either de novo development of HCC or HCC recurrence after treatment with DAAs has been under discussion. Questions have also been raised regarding the optimal timing of HCV treatment in patients with HCC. Importantly, most recent studies including large numbers of patients confirm that DAA-induced SVR decreases the risk of de novo occurrence of HCC, as expected after the elimination of HCV. However, patients with previous HCC should be carefully investigated to confirm complete HCC remission before starting, and close follow up should be performed after DAA treatment. Further research is certainly needed to elucidate the changes in the immunological milieu and affected cellular behavior after eradication of HCV infection with DAA treatment.

domain: biology


Empirical study on the impact of China's metro services on urban transportation energy consumption
place - asia, place - urban, mode - subway/metro, land use - impacts
Metro services, Urban traffic energy consumption, Continuous, DID model, China
The development of metro systems has shortened the travel distances and density within cities, and promoted the transformation of urban transportation, which has had an impact on traffic energy consumption. Based on data from 81 cities in mainland China with a permanent population of more than one million from 2003 to 2016, this paper uses the difference in differences (DID) method to study the impact of urban metro systems on transportation energy consumption in China. The results show that after the opening of the city subway, per capita traffic energy consumption decreased, indicating that subways reduce energy consumption in urban areas; there exists a “U” relationship between metro operation intensity and per capita traffic energy consumption. The average level is far from the inflection point value, which indicates that an increase in metro operation intensity has the effect of improving traffic energy consumption. However, the marginal benefit of reducing urban traffic energy consumption is gradually decreasing. Further research has found that the metro system can reduce the distance travelled by cars by replacing the use of traditional automobile transportation, thus reducing transportation energy consumption.
Permission to publish the abstract has been given by Elsevier, copyright remains with them.
Yu, M., Yu, R., Tang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2020). Empirical study on the impact of China's metro services on urban transportation energy consumption. Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 80, 100821.


text:
In his essay titled Essay on Population by Thomas Malthus he talks a lot about the relationship between population and supply. He talks about the human relationship with the resources on the earth and states that there is not enough food to sustain mankind. He goes on to propose solutions in order to counter this problem that was anticipated in the 19th century when Enlightenment was at its peak. During this time, people started moving away from the church and began to put their faith in science and reason to guide their thought and outlook on the world. Malthus states that disease and misery were the only solutions to help the people overcome the inevitable suffering that would occur due to a lack of resources because of an increasing population.
While reading this piece, I couldn’t help but think of today with the rising problems credited to climate change and the growing anxiety regarding the future of our planet. It’s interesting that over a century ago Malthus predicted the increasing population as a problem facing humanity. The idea that the earth could run out of resources as essential as food didn’t seem to be a problem people were concerned about back then as much as we are now. Today there seems to be a growing pressure on our generation to come up with ways to live sustainability since so much of the earth has already been destroyed. I wonder had the technology been available during Malthus’s time would he have proposed a more logical solution than wiping out a large portion of the population with disease. I also wonder if people would have been more accepting of his idea that “the power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce substance for man” if they were in as desperate a time as we are today. Overall, I though this reading was very interesting because of its relevance to today. One thing I love about history is how it repeats itself so often and society doesn’t seem to learn from its mistakes. I am wondering what you think Malthus would say about society today and people’s ignorance towards the climate change, increasing lack of resources, environmental hazards that are all results of the growing population and ironically negatively impacting society.
In Beyond Totalitarianism, chapter 3 focuses on the reproductive policies of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. Both countries, along with Italy and all of Western Europe, placed importance on increasing the birth rate and population numbers in their respective countries. WWI had devastated a generation and decreased birth rates dramatically. The countries related population numbers to military strength, the more people you had, the more men you could use to fight the enemy.
The Nazis, Fascists and Soviets implemented policies and incentives to encourage increased birth rates. Medals were given to Nazi mothers who had more than 7/8 children, and stipends were given to Soviet women who produced more than four children. In the Soviet Union these were mostly rural peasant mothers, where large families were needed to work the farm. Also, many of these large families existed before the government introduced the compensation.
Yet, with the push for an immediate population increase, did no one think of the future? The Earth has a maximum capacity for life. It can only support so many. As twisted as it is, wars throughout history, along with epidemics have kept the population in check. Imagine how overpopulated the world would be if the Black Plague had not struck Europe. Currently the world is facing a problem of overpopulation, if the European nations had not pushed so much for increased births would it have delayed this problem? Or since the birth rates in Germany and the Soviet Union were not dramatically increased with the incentives and laws, did this have little effect on the world problem we currently face?
As forewarned, this was a pretty dry reading on the whole, but riddled with demographic trends. For some reason I really enjoy studying demography, so although the reading was dry I managed to maintain some focus, but I digress. Reading this article, at least for me, was the first time I was really able to see the differing ethnicities that comprise(d) Russia. the demographic knowledge at the author’s disposal, Kappeller manages to differentiate between these ethnic groups with this demographic knowledge because it is what the author had to work with to explore these differences. For example, Kappeller writes about how many different ethnic groups, after years of mobilization, began to urbanize. Kappeller writes, “In the case of ethnic groups which for a long time had performed the function of mobilized diaspora groups within the Russian Empire, the degree of urbanization was considerably higher than the 13.4 per cent average… this was true of the Germans (23.4 per cent), the Armenians (23.3 per cent), the Greeks (18 per cent) and, to a lesser extent, of the Tatars…” (287). Russians surprisingly only ranked eleventh on this list of diasporas, although it is important to note that many of the ethnicities mentioned in Kappeller’s work that were part of the Russian Empire during the period examined weren’t always part of the Russian Empire and aren’t today, or aren’t in nearly as great a force (i.e. Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Tadzhiks, Lithuanians, Latvians [Kappeller mentions Riga in the reading, which is the present day capital of Latvia]. If Kappeller were to survey present-day Russia in the same fashion, what demographic results would he come up with? Kappeller even admits to the difficulties of this endeavor, mentioning present day Belarus (Belorussia-Lithuania) and Ukraine as contributing to his difficulties. I feel like it’s very important to point out that Kappeller points his focus towards urban areas because, although not Kievan Rus’, I imagine it would still be much more difficult to come across demographic documentation regarding rural areas than in urban areas, because urban areas are where most of the knowledge and politics of the land spawned from. If Kappeller pointed his focus more towards predominately rural areas, again, I wonder, what results he would find? I’m guessing he’d have a lot of trouble.
Another point that Kappeller inexplicitly makes that I think we often overlook in class is how huge Russia really is, and how the time period we’re examining didn’t have the technological luxuries. What I’m referring to is Kappeller’s examination of Siberian communities that were seemingly weren’t phased by the urban developments that defined western and South-Western Russia. These communities went unphased because they were so monumentally far away from western Russia that it would be impossible for the Siberian communities to have the same development as those in Western Russia.
I understand that Russia in 1897 was below half Russian, WIth so many other lands a part of the country that makes a lot of sense. However I find it very interesting just how much Russian people where viewed as a block, it is the largest country in the world by land and spans two continents. People from the far eastern parts of Russia would not look like those on the western side. While they are all part of the same country you would think they would have more differences. I think it is a testament to the power of the Orthodox Church and the power of the Tsars. The Church exerted a large amount of powers over people even the non Russians. Over the centuries this power homogenized the people. The differences where those of old believers and all but they all still practiced the same religion. Even though geography separated all the people Religion brought together the disparate people.

domain: sociology


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Hello and Happy Sunday,
Here is a quick treat box that can be used for any event. I made mine up as a Halloween treat box. This is an old template that I had to make this box.
I used some Halloween papers that I had. The two pumpkins and the "happy halloween" stamps are $1 stamps. The little mummy is a chipboard die cut. That came with the paper.
I colored the pumpkins with my Copics. I also colored the background over the Happy Halloween as it looked a little plain.
I shredded some of the papers for the inside of the box.
A couple more chipboard die cuts.
I am entering this into The Outlawz challenge "Paper a la mode" This week the challenge was to make a box, gift card holder etc.

domain: design


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Hyderabad: Mild tension prevailed at Tolichowki after cops arrested 20-30 persons protesting against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) 2019 and National Register of Citizens (NRC).
Women participate in protest
In the protest which was held last night at Tolichowki crossroad, burqa-clad girls also participated. It continued till 4 a.m.
In Delhi’s Shaheen Bagh too, women are protesting against the controversial law for the past 28 days.
Protests in Hyderabad started after Union Cabinet gave its nod to update National Population Register (NPR). It got intensified after Central Government issued gazette notification over CAA.
It may be mentioned that ever since the President gave assent to the bill, protests are taking place across the country.
In Hyderabad, thousands of people participated in Million March and Tiranga Rally against the controversial laws.
Despite massive protests in the city, Chief Minister of Telangana State, KCR is reluctant to clear his stand on NPR.


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The photography of sailing and other water sports resembles sports photography in general as much as it does that of travel
. For spectators, who are lost in an immense blue, imagining the slow progress of the boat propelled by a gentle breeze… it is a veritable invitation to contemplation and calm.
However, sailing is also an extreme sport
, owing to its conditions: far from land, lost in the vast blue ocean, far from all human technologies, and confronted by the whims of nature
. Because, of course, without wind, nothing moves…
YellowKorner brings together the best photographs of yachts, navigating in the wide-open sea, in a frantic race or in the calm of a port, for the greatest pleasure of fans of this sport. Allow yourself to be swept up in the fascinating and inspiring beauty of the water, as well as its creative energy.
With Laurent Dequick
, you will discover the yacht from a whole new angle. More passionate about architecture
than sports, this artist captures the boats berthed at port with artistic and poetic blurs.
Photographs that are entirely the opposite of the kind that Jonathan Chritchley black and white.
He provides images that are both poetic and full of light, to observe sailing technique. Through his lens, the sport becomes powerful and intense. The boats are at the heart of the action, in a dark, sleek sea. For interior decoration, the multi-award-winning photographs by this English artist provide elegance, refinement, and modernity.
In the YellowKorner collection, presented in numbered limited edition, you can also fall under the spell of the aerial shots
directed at a little port, or the vintage
images of the Kodak Colorama collection.
Sailing represents an invitation to travel
to dreamlike landscapes
, offered by these talented artists. They were able to defy climate conditions and dangers to create perfectly mastered artworks.


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Not everyone gets their way all the time expresses our little crybaby brother, a hysterically amusing new face planter from our charming Collection of Mugglys!
Our Crybaby face planter holds a 4" pot, but you can also plant directly on top of his head. Each of our Mugglys face planters come complete with an internal drainage system for indoor or outdoor use!
Made of sculpted polyresin and available in an Antique White or a slightly darker Stone Wash Finish. (Each face planter is finished individually and will vary slightly in color.)
Welcome our Crybaby to your Garden Fun decor and then collect the entire Muggly family!Size
: 12" Tall. Holds a 4" potted plant.
Click to view all our Muggly Face Planters.


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UC Irvine's Dr. Nimisha Parekh intended to follow her grandfather’s footsteps and become an ophthalmologist. She liked the idea of having long-term relationships with patients. But after a few years in medical school at Tulane University in New Orleans, it was the digestive system that caught her eye.
“I was interested in all the new things happening in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases, and I really liked doing procedures. Being a gastroenterologist would mean I could provide care for chronic diseases, allowing me to develop long-term relationships with patients, and I could also perform endoscopies and colonoscopies.”
After completing her residency in internal medicine at Tulane, Parekh went on to the University of Texas-Southwestern for a fellowship in gastroenterology and hepatology, and then to the University of Chicago for advanced training in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), making her a rare subspecialist in the condition. As director of UC Irvine Healthcare’s Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program in the H.H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Parekh works with a multidisciplinary team to provide a seamless, humane approach to treating patients with IBD and related conditions that can result.
About 1.4 million Americans suffer from IBD—either ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease—which involves chronic inflammation of the intestines. IBD symptoms include diarrhea, blood in the stool, stomach pain, bowel urgency, fever and weight loss. The disease is caused by the body’s immune system going into overdrive and damaging the intestinal tract lining. Without effective treatment, the symptoms can rule a patient’s life, keeping the person isolated, indoors and reluctant to socialize, form relationships, travel or take on new challenges.
Parekh is still fascinated by her field and by the advances have made it possible not only to treat the medical condition but also to improve the quality of patients’ lives. “In the last 10 years, we’ve gained a better understanding of the disease. We have advanced treatments with new drugs and minimally invasive surgical techniques that give patients hope. Many young people and even teenagers get these diseases. Today we see them living long, happy and productive lives. My younger patients can go on to college, start careers, get married and have families.”
Newer medications and comprehensive treatment, including nutritional and emotional support, can help people with IBD manage their disease. When medication is not effective, surgery is an option. Parekh works closely with UC Irvine colorectal surgeons, who are trained in minimally invasive and robot-assisted surgical techniques. Other members of the team include radiologists, pathologists, dietitians and social workers.
UC Irvine is the only comprehensive center in Orange County for people with complex cases of inflammatory bowel disease. The IBD program is unique in addressing the emotional, psychological and social effects of the disease along with physical aspects. Education programs and a monthly support group are open to the public.
There is no cure for IBD, but with proper treatment and follow-up, people can lead normal, pain-free lives. UC Irvine physicians and researchers are continually investigating new treatment therapies, and Parekh is currently conducting a Phase 2 clinical trial using an experimental stem cell treatment for Crohn’s disease patients.
Parekh believes that as the science and treatment of IBD evolves, Crohn's patients and caregivers need to be aware of advances that can improve quality of life. When she arrived at UC Irvine five years ago to head up the IBD program, she established an annual family education conference for patients, their families and medical center staff.
“The more patients know about their condition,” she says, “the better prepared they will be to handle its challenges.”

domain: health


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I would like to thank everyone whose homes and
spaces I have shown on this website for giving me the opportunity
to work with them and allowing me to share their interiors
in the venue.
I truly enjoy my work and feel fortunate to earn a living
doing something I love. Every day brings an opportunity to
meet new people and create something fresh and original just
for them. I consider it a tremendous honor to be chosen to
create special interiors for your most intimate spaces.
And a very special thank you to those of you visiting my
website. I hope to hear from you
soon. Make it a fabulous day!!


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Lagos State Govt Says N1bn Was Paid To 219 Retirees In September
This was contained in a statement titled ‘Lagos State retirees received over N1bn as accrued pension rights for September 2020.’
The statement said that Babalola Obilana, Director-General of Lagos State Pension Commission, disclosed this at the recently concluded 79th batch retirement bond presentation ceremony.
“The Lagos State Governor, Mr Babajide Sanwo-Olu, has once again fulfilled his promise with the payment of accrued pension rights of N1.004bn to another set of 219 retirees for the month of September,” it said.
Obilana urged the retirees to understand the available pension programme options for their pension entitlements.
While charging the retirees to be prudent in spending, the director-general informed them that the commission would attend to retirees’ complaints and enquiries between 10am and 1pm daily.
He thanked Governor Babatunde Sanwo-Olu for his commitment to the monthly payment to retirees despite the effect of the coronavirus pandemic.
Obilana said the gesture from Sanwo-Olu was evidence of the present administration’s commitment to the prompt payment of pensioners’ entitlements as promised.
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