Small to medium-sized businesses (SMBs) generally have a hard time trying to control access to an ever-expansive list of systems, applications, files, and networks. Most of these businesses cannot afford what really takes a team of IT experts to handle. This is where we think the next generation of cloud identity and access management solutions can really come in handy for SMBs. This article is intended to serve as a stepping-off point to get your head around what cloud identity management solutions are and why they can be critical for SMBs. In case you want to know more about this topic, please refer to Cloud Services Vancouver.Cloud identity management essentially refers to the next generation of identity and access management solutions that seek to streamline and simplify the entire identity infrastructure of the cloud. This covers everything from the identity provider, SSO, MFA, PAM, IGA, and more. It takes the idea behind the traditional, on-premise, and legacy solutions and provides a single unified solution for most identity and access management needs, such as web application single sign-on, multi-factor authentication, privileged access management, identity governance, and administration, and more. This provides a much-needed single point of access management and control for organizations irrespective of their size. The highly adaptable nature makes it applicable across any device, operating system, on-premise or web-based application, and indeed any cloud, on-premise, or remote resource. Since these cloud IAM solutions are inherently designed to support multiple protocols, they can, in theory, be harnessed to connect to virtually any IT resource using its ‘native’ authentication language.With their workforces more mobile than ever, enterprises need a combination of Identity-as-a-Service and Enterprise Mobility Management for efficient identity and access management. The key differentiator here is the need for the traditional access management solutions to move beyond centralized repositories, enterprise/proprietary applications, and known endpoints to serve a more decentralized architecture. As the workload gets dispersed across an ever-evolving list of devices, operating systems, applications, and resources and cloud migration opens up to endpoints on geographically diverse locations outside enterprise control – the identity and access management solution needs to be optimized for integration across all of themThe key benefit of such integrated cloud identity management comes from the essential security it offers in user authentication, managing access to WiFi networks, connecting to cloud servers, and more. With enterprises engaged in all-out fire-fighting with nefarious cybercrime actors, streamlined identity and access management is essential for ensuring zero trust and least privilege security models. The benefit of such authentication protocols stems from the fact that they are eminently scalable, guarantee seamless user experience, and are equally effective against external and insider threats.These are also effective in reducing operational costs for organizations. IT Consulting Vancouver can help you get started with deploying cloud identity management in your organization.
Single Access Control Interface
When you are operating on limited resources, you want your cloud IAM solutions to consistently provide a clean access control interface that is simple to maneuver. Modern Cloud Identity Management Solutions provide this through a single, user-intuitive interface for all cloud platform services.
Cloud Identity Management also helps enterprises enhance their security posture through better security for critical applications and resource-level access control. It enables your security team to work at a really granular level to define roles and grant permissions for resource access.Small and medium businesses have to do a delicate job managing security, user expectations, and resource allocation. This is why it’s imperative for businesses to make use of the most innovative technical resources available to them. SMBs have really picked up speed in recent times to move towards a cloud-first approach and leveraging web applications. In fact, they have a critical advantage over larger-sized organizations in this respect as they generally don’t have to deal with the complexity of legacy infrastructure limiting their core process efficiencies. This has resulted in many small and medium-sized businesses being outright innovative in their approach to IT management.Recent data supports SMBs bias towards shifting infrastructure to the cloud with the numbers indicating that 78% of small businesses engaged in the process of adopting cloud computing by 2020; 92% of small businesses using one or more cloud-based solutions; and small businesses experiencing a reduction in workload by at least 42% thanks to cloud solutions. This is why it behoves SMBs who are yet to reap the benefits of cloud to take advantage of the plethora of Infrastructure-as-a-Service providers like AWS® or Cloud Services By Google.Despite their enthusiastic adoption of the cloud, small and medium businesses are still stuck with legacy solutions for directory services. In fact, for nearly two decades, companies have had little choice beyond Microsoft® Active Directory®, an expensive, and often needlessly complex choice. As enterprise infrastructure has veered away from an out-and-out Windows® and on-premise environment, IT admins have increasingly been in favor of cloud-based, web-based applications and remote servers such as those hosted in AWS. This change in direction is what has precipitated the need for next generation cloud identity and access management solutions that can serve the core needs of these organizations.Ask any IT admin at an SMB and they will tell you that they are essentially looking for Solutions that are designed to solve their core challenges, preferably delivered as a service, and one that integrates well with a variety of IT resources. SMBs need identity access management solutions that prove cost-effective and enhance security, in the long run, have the necessary features to support the organization’s needs over time, prove capable of integrating with a wide variety of IT resources, and supports the cloud-centric approach that most SMBs are keen to adopt. For more information on this topic and to know more, please refer to Managed IT Services Vancouver.


text:
Zing It is one of 4 spin-offs to the Bop It series of games created in 1999 by Hasbro. Unlike the other games, this game is more similar to that of a yo-yo.
- Bop It
- Zing It
- Loop It
Like the Bop It series of games, Zing It includes a purple button on the side. Pressing the button when the game says "Bop It!" adds 1 point and plays the sound of a drum.
The titular command of the game. As the game is based off a yo-yo, when the game says "Zing It!", the player has to release the game, causing it to go down.
Like a yo-yo, the player can jerk the game back up to where it comes back to the player's hand, a slide whistle sound is heard, and 1 point is added.
To do this command, the player drops the game and moves their hand so that the game goes around in a circle before going back to his/her hand. This is called "round the world" to many yo-yo enthusiasts.
Doing this plays a looping whistle sound and adds 1 point.
Zing It has 3 different game modes. To choose between them, the player must press the purple Bop It button on the side. The game calls out each mode by its name.
To start the selected mode, the player must release the game and jerk it back to their hand. This starts the music for the game.
In this mode, the game calls out the commands in a verbal fashion. The player must do each command whenever it is called, and doing the command adds 1 point.
If the player is too slow or reacts incorrectly, a screaming sound is played and the score is reported via cyphers.
In this mode, all commands are called out via sound effects.
- When the player hears a drum sound, the player has to press the purple Bop It button. This is the equivalent to Bop It.
- When the player hears a slide whistle, the player must release the game and jerk it back to their hand. This is the equivalent to Zing It.
- When the player hears a looping whistle, the player must release the game, circle the game around, and let the game go back to their hand. This is the equivalent to Loop It.
Like Vox Bop, if the player is too slow or reacts incorrectly, a screaming sound is played and the score is reported via cyphers.
Vox Bop ChallengeEdit
This is an improvement over Vox Bop and is considered the hardest mode to those who understand Beat Bop commands. In this mode, it is very much like said mode.
In some occasions, the game will announce a "challenge" and say a series of commands. After a few seconds, the player has to memorize and repeat these commands in the order that was called out.
If the player succeeds in doing this, the player gets the number of points for those commands and the game continues. Like both other modes, if the player is too slow or reacts incorrectly, a screaming sound is played and the score is reported via cyphers.
This is a list of cyphers that are heard whenever the game reports the score.
- When the player hears a drum (the Bop It noise), this counts as 1 point.
- When the player hears a slide whistle (the Zing It noise), this counts as 10 points.
- When the player hears a looping whistle (the Loop It noise), this counts as 100 points.
When the player reaches the maximum score of 250, the game will not report the score. Instead, it will play the sound of a foghorn, followed by the sound of a crowd clapping.

domain: game


text:
PROSPECT HEIGHTS, Brooklyn — More than 93,000 prospective tenants at 535 Carleton Ave., Brooklyn, applied to get an apartment in this luxury high-rise through a lottery.
Some one-bedrooms cost as little as $589 a month if you meet the income requirements and those were snapped up really quickly. But on the higher end, there are three-bedroom apartments listed for $3,700 a month if your income is between $129,000 and $170,000 for a family of five and many of those apartments are still vacant.
The developer Greenland Forest City Partners is now advertising these apartments on StreetEasy and Instagram.
“This is not affordable housing. Maybe it’s affordable housing if you make six figures,” Democratic Congressional candidate Adem Bunkeddeko said.
Bunkeddeko is running for Congress in Brooklyn on a housing platform and he says clearly there is a need for more low-income units.
“For a lot of folks here in this s community of Prospect Heights and Crown Heights, 535 Carlton represents what the disconnection between what their hopes were. Most salaries are between $30,000 and $80,000. And most folks can’t afford to live here, which is a real challenge.”
Many who won the lottery and qualified for apartments here are happy, with few complaints.
“I like it here," tenant Angelo Morel said.
Greenland Forest City Partners released the following statement: "We are incredibly proud of 535 Carlton, a beautifully-designed building that will provide subsidized, rent-stabilized homes to nearly 300 low- and middle-income New York families and is already a huge hit with its residents.”

domain: geography


text:
I was just thinking of ways to organize some of my extra Project Life cards, and there was really one basic answer that keeps looking at me in the face (until I’ve scrolled that image down and out on Pinterest, and then another one just like it comes up). The magic solution – tabs!
Now I’m one who believes that a lot of the common, obvious solutions are always worthwhile. It didn’t take me long to give in. Tabs, it is.
I think, I THINK, there might be index card tabs sold at 3x4 or 4x6 sizes in the local bookstores, so if you don’t want to be bothered, you might want to go that road. I didn’t. Not on a Sunday when all we have in line for the rest of the evening was sci-fi marathon with Bamboo. It doesn’t hurt that I, as a hopeless hoarder who never wants anything to go to waste, also had a few scrap cardstock lying around. Okay, not really few. They’re all over the apartment.
So I was making some of these in 3x4 and 4x6 sizes with protruding tabs for my Project Life Cards and then I realized that the best thing about these tabs, especially the latter sizes, is that they would actually work as album tabs for my Project Life pages, too.
It’s the same concept. All you’ll need to do, if you want to subdivide your pages, is insert one in the topmost slot of a page (the index tab size depending on the page design). In my case, the design I most use is the Project Life Design A Page Protectors, and I could make use of these 4x6 sized index tabs I made to subdivide my pages as I please, id est, monthly (below).
If you also have nothing in line for next Sunday and might wanna try this, below are the quick steps and guide.
Illustration 1 | Start by measuring (and cutting) your cardstock or paper to size. In this case, I wanted 4x6 card dividers. Add a cm (or est. ⅜ inch) allowance at the top margin (see illustration for template).* That brings the total base dimensions to width: 6 and height: 4.375.
*If you’re good, you can actually overlap two index tabs (say, middle and right) upside down. This way you’ll only need one 1-cm strip for two cards.
Illustration 2 | Divide the “tab area” into desired number of sections (e. g. 3, right-middle-left tabs). At 3 layers/sections, the size of each tab would come down to about 2”.
Illustration 3 | Cut the tab area, keeping only the 2-inch section of the tab that you are making (right, middle or left).
Actually, I have these lovely 3x12 Project Life dividers to match my Cinnamon Edition cards, and I would highly recommend them as your basic page dividers because not only do they serve their purpose as dividers well, I believe that, made with sturdier material than paper or cardstock, they also essentially protect your pages from possible creases and misfolds.
But you may want further subdivisions of the page, as I did, and thus would need another type of “subtabs". Albeit less protective in nature, these index tabs I made for my cards and albums are very effective as they can be set as horizontal tabs making it easier to see the categories and flip to them.
That's the mini project for the week. I hope you, too, had an amazing weekend!

domain: design


text:
Access to health insurance and health care is a critical social determinant of health, and with a shortened open enrollment period this year, communities are engaged in a range of activities to quickly screen and help enroll eligible individuals and families. Medical-legal partnerships across the country are playing a critical role by serving as and expanding the capacity of navigators, and in North Carolina, a Medicaid non-expansion state, the public health, medical, and legal communities are mobilizing together to ensure that North Carolinians can access coverage before the December 15 deadline.
Legal Aid of North Carolina, a medical-legal partnership partner to 12 health care systems, including hospitals and health centers operating in more than 30 different locations statewide, leads the NC Navigator Consortium, a group of 12 health care, social service, and legal aid organizations dedicated to assisting consumers from all 100 North Carolina counties to enroll in affordable health insurance plans through the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Formed in 2013, the Consortium is funded by a $2.44 million grant from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Thanks in large part to the Consortium’s efforts, North Carolina has the third-highest number of ACA enrollments out of the nearly 40 states that use the federal Health Insurance Marketplace.
The NC Consortium works to organize, streamline, and expand the outreach and enrollment process statewide. This includes establishing a specialized statewide call-in number and on-line scheduling portal to allow consumers to easily access in-person appointments with certified, impartial navigators. Navigators are trained to help consumers understand the details of plans available in the Health Insurance Marketplace, determine eligibility and apply for financial assistance, complete the enrollment process, and identify consumers who are potentially eligible for Medicaid or CHIP. This system is the anchor for connecting North Carolinians to high quality, affordable health insurance options during the shortened 2018 enrollment period.
Legal Aid of North Carolina’s expanding medical-legal partnership work is directly tied to its role in the NC Navigator Consortium and its commitment to helping healthcare partners find innovative ways to screen and enroll even more people, and to incorporate those enrollment-related services into broader efforts to meet other health-harming legal needs. At hospitals and health centers offering MLP services, waiting areas, clinic/exam rooms, elevators, and providers’ work stations are stocked with posters and other materials about enrollment deadlines, how to enroll, and extra information about the ACA. Many MLP clinics and hospitals offer on-site appointments for patients and family members to meet with Navigators.
The University of North Carolina Children’s Hospital has had a formal partnership with Legal Aid of North Carolina for six years, and is one of the places working with legal aid to meet patients’ need for coverage. “We now know that signing up patients, or in our case it is often the parent of a patient, for health insurance coverage through the ACA can improve the lack of access to care and improve health,” said Michael Steiner, MD, MPH, Chief of the hospital’s Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. “Working with legal aid has dramatically enriched our understanding of health beyond health care and has broadened our health care team, and helped us to serve children and families in new, exciting, and innovative ways.”
Moreover, a growing number of the hospitals and health centers partnering with Legal Aid of North Carolina routinely screen patients and family members regarding health insurance status in order to identify people who, due to a change in circumstances, such as a new family member or a job loss, may be eligible for ACA coverage outside of the ACA’s open enrollment season. This year-round screening amplifies ongoing efforts to improve patients’ access to health coverage, whether by enrolling them through the ACA, appealing Medicaid denials or terminations, or connecting them to other financial assistance.
Funding from the Cone Health Foundation and Kate B Reynolds Charitable Trust has allowed Legal Aid of North Carolina to expand its outreach and enrollment work in the Greensboro and Winston-Salem areas, respectively. These dedicated funds have also helped Legal Aid of North Carolina to focus on Medicaid gap work, helping low-income patients and families who may not qualify for ACA coverage to be screened and assisted with Medicaid applications and appeals. And its outreach and enrollment work has directly led to the development of three new medical-legal partnerships in the state that address a variety of social and legal needs beyond enrollment. These new partners include two community clinics in Greensboro—Family Services of the Piedmont and The Mustard Seed Clinic—and FirstHealth of Carolinas, a major, rural hospital system in the south-central part of the state.
“Our collaboration with Legal Aid of North Carolina was built, initially, on our shared commitment to expanding health insurance coverage to individuals living in the 16 rural counties that are served by our health system,” said Roxanne Elliott, Policy Director Community Health Services for FirstHealth of the Carolinas. “Very quickly, we realized that many of our patients were still suffering from complications of chronic diseases at rates greater than state averages, and the impacts of social determinants of health were evident. Now we are embarked on a deeper collaboration to help address other health and social needs together. The MLP is a win-win for everyone, most importantly the patients.”

domain: medical


# DeProj HOW TO## Launch the programThe method can both be called in a GUI and by the command line of MATLAB1. To call the method using the GUI: start the DeProj_GUI app in MATLAB `>> DeProj_GUI`. The GUI will guide you to provide the proper inputs and outputs to the method as well as the method parameters. The app has been created under MATLAB R2017b version and using an older version may create unexpected behavior.2. To call the method using the command line: enter `>> surface3D_combine()` * In case all arguments are provided, the method will continue with the desired inputs * In case no arguments are provided, the method will revert to default parameters and only ask the user for inputs and output paths.


Blackburn's shame over Parkes sacking
Last updated at 13:55 12 November 2004
The termination of his contract was confirmed to him later by Rovers chief executive John Williams.
Parkes joined Rovers as a player in 1969 from non-league Buxton and on six occasions acted as caretaker manager for the club, most recently in the period between Graeme Souness moving to Newcastle and Mark Hughes taking over.
Hughes wants Glyn Hodges, the Wales Under-21 boss, to take over Parkes' position as reserve team manager and the Blackburn board decided on Tuesday there was no other role at the club for the 55-year-old.
However, Parkes remained unaware of the decision until the news was revealed in a newspaper this morning - before anyone at the club had spoken to him.
Victim of a reshuffle
Blackburn manager Hughes said: "Tony will be leaving his post. Unfortunately he has been the victim of a reshuffle in the club and, at the moment, there is not a position for him.
"The one disappointment of this situation is that I have not had an opportunity to speak to Tony myself. Unfortunately these things happen, things comes out in the press before the individuals involved are told. The plan was to speak to him this morning.
"I totally agree that it is the worst way to find out but that's not of our making, events have overtaken us.
"There's no way I would be disrespectful to Tony because of the fantastic work he has done for this football club.
"I would like to thank Tony for his contribution to Blackburn Rovers. He has been at the club for 35 years but at the moment there is not a role for him."
Hodges, the former Wimbledon and Sheffield United player, is in talks with the club over a contract. He would replace both Parkes and reserves coach Rob Kelly, who moved to Leicester earlier this week.
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text:
The City of Starkville
Two public hearings will be conducted by the City of Starkville Board of Aldermen to consider an amendment to the placetype maps in the Comprehensive Plan. Read on...
Proposed Budget 2020 Read on...
Updated proposed annexation area maps for July 2, 2019 Board of Alderman Meeting. Read on...


text:
Effects of the Television Industry
Since the invention of Television (TV) in the 20th century, several effects have been attributed to the TV industry (Bryant, 2002). The industry is responsible for educating and informing and serves as a watchdog in our society. Several scientific disciplines have presented reports indicating how the mass media has influenced the political, economic and social sectors (Bryant, 2002). With these reported findings, the media owners have realized their level of influence in the society. As a result, it leads to fierce competitions in the TV industry. In this regard, the media owners have embarked on funding researches in the production of entertaining TV shows. Among the captivating topics in these shows are crime, hazards, and advertisements. These topics considerably manipulated that the viewers’ tend to believe the world is as unsafe as depicted. In this regard, the media fraternity requires the TV industry to meet the regulated standards. However, media critics still argue that the industry is not performing its duties appropriately. They allege that few corporations which have continuously refused to respect their status quo control the industry (Bryant, 2002). Psychologists have shown that TV shows have the possibility of manipulating the viewer’s mind (Greenfield, 1984). By conducting simulations, they have successfully proved that when one watches TV, the images are stored in his or her mind and are repeatedly sounded in the viewers mind. In this regard, our mental defenses are compromised, letting what we see control our brains.
It is claimed that TV advertisements only serve the media owners and advertisers and that there is no assurance these advertisements serve the society (Greenfield, 1984). These allegations have resulted in reviews on media policies by many countries. Particularly, TV shows have brainwashed the viewers and influenced their preferences and tastes conforming them to the advertisers’ needs. This has led to a significant increase in the competition among many industries. Some economists argue that diversity has been achieved through this competition (Greenfield, 1984). However, to my mind, the economists’ opinions are mistaken as too much competition results in the decreased diversity. This has been illustrated by several competing companies which try to duplicate each other’s products to realize the best profit in the market and as a result compromising diversity (Greenfield, 1984). In contrast, if one company manufactured the competing products’, the owners would strive to minimize the competition on the products; hence, manufacture different products enhances the diversity. Some people still argue that the increased diversity has resulted in the production of poor quality products. This is because with more competitors sharing the same market, each company realizes reduced profits. Consequently, the competing companies will end up spending less on the quality improvement. These negative effects of competition created by the media demonstrate that in order to improve diversity, media economists should establish the policies that solve the modern market controversies created by the media.
The TV’s influence on people
From advertisements and promotions, the media earns revenue accumulating to billions of dollars. Thus, every TV station strives to present unexcelled the TV adverts for effective results. Advancement in technology has resulted in complex captivating ads. After watching several ads, viewers base their buying decisions on what they see on TVs or other Medias (Singer, 2001). With time, the TV viewers become significantly trusting what is presented on TVs unlike concerning information from other sources. They start believing, that the products advertised on TVs are superior to other goods. Most TV shows are presented in a repetitive and persuasive manner. Thus, as viewers spend more hours on TVs, they tend to believe in the shows’ themes. Contrary to most TV viewers’ believes, TV programs constitute of more crimes and violence as compared to the real world. The movies scenes shown may not represent the real world scenarios. Because of being brainwashed, TV addicts usually over-estimate the level of crime and violence in the society and may end up thinking that the world is full of dangerous activities and individuals. In extreme cases, such people end up being fearful and resort to criminal and violent activities.
Among all groups of people, teenagers are the most affected by the TV industry considering that they have a lot of free time, the large portion of which they spend on watching the TV (Singer, 2001). They often try to emulate celebrities’ lifestyles by dressing and behaving like them. In this regard, they may end up engaging in undesirable acts, such as drug abuse, as they try to emulate their preferred celebrity. As teenagers reach adolescence, the peer influence starts to have a significant effect on their lives. They desire to be loved and become successful in their endeavors. In this regard, the media intervenes by creating the perception of awesome men and women while defining the characteristics of a successful individual (Singer, 2001). Due to their inability to fully comprehend this developing self-esteem, they end up struggling to live other peoples’ lives instead of living their own.
In the last decade, obesity among the youths has been greatly attributed to TV shows (Singer, 2001). The media encourages millions of teenagers to consume junk foods through their numerous ads. For instance, many high school students struggling with obesity find it hard to resist the persuasive ads luring them to eat junky foods (Singer, 2001). Moreover, many teenage girls and women have been obsessed with the idea of slimming to the extent that some adopt irregular feeding habits in the attempt to lose weight only to end up with numerous health problems (Singer, 2001). In addition, some children may end up being traumatized by watching violent scenes on TVs. In my opinion, children often fail to differentiate between fiction and facts in the movies. Their personality can be significantly altered by the movies and other violence oriented related shows. I also think that the TV has resulted in more harm than good. Our time, talents and skills have been compromised because of watching various TV shows. Because of its mass spread, it is estimated that all Americans will have spent more than eight years of their lifetime watching the TV (Singer, 2001). This represents a significant loss in man-hours which should have been utilized in constructive tasks. Currently, children rarely find time to read and to do their homework as most of them have devoted more than 2 hours in a day to watch the TV (Singer, 2001). This illustrates how individuals are sacrificing time, a precious commodity, to the TV.
Selection in the media
With increasing competition, several TV stations have been forced to become selective in their content coverage (Klapper, 1960). For instance, news editors have been blamed for being selective in the choice of news presented. Their choice is normally affected by the content value and political factors. Normally, the media focuses too much on social issues giving them a lot of coverage in its programs (Klapper, 1960). Occasionally, the theme of some TV stations’ news and programs has been prejudiced that the viewers complain of manipulation (Gentile, 2003). More often, several aspects such as reporters’ knowledge, deadlines, and the targeted viewers influence the news and programs coverage. Furthermore, the viewers have exhibited bias regarding the choice of TV programs and stations. These choices are determined by their needs and preferences. In this regard, people often select the most captivating TV programs leaving out those that they consider boring. In my opinion, with the introduction of numerous TV stations, the educative shows that benefit the public will eventually be replace by more appealing fictitious shows; hence, there is the need for appropriate policies to protect such valuable shows (Gentile, 2003).
Media effects on the society
Renowned sociologists have demonstrated that the media industry, by using TVs, has distorted political and economic forces subsequently manipulating the public opinions (Gentile, 2003). This is viewed as an abuse of power by the media industry. Through political manipulation, the media produces and natures awful leadership. Economical manipulations are concealed in the Media’s advertisements. TVs exploits the viewers’ unconscious characters to attract more viewers hence more ads. The TV has successful enhance the media-created fears in some peoples’ minds. This has led to the changed lifestyles and other social related issues regarding the victims.
In the past, people have evaluated a risk basing on the information they obtain from TVs (Schramm, 1971). This is mistaken, as the risk evaluation should be calculated using proven scientific methods. This illustrates how the media misleads the public on matters of the risk management by focusing on victims, accountability, and blame games. With controversies on risk awareness, the government has the mandate of educating the society on risk related issues. The society has a right to be educated on these issues in order to disapprove the myths created by the media community. The failure by the government in this regard will leave the community vulnerable to learn risk evaluation issues from other unreliable sources. Undoubtedly, the media will come into focus. This will result in more conflicts and controversies. Furthermore, the media, through TV shows, has influenced the individual and public opinions. The media is capable of manipulating any society’s views. For instance, the September 11 attack on the U.S was given a significantly unwarranted attention by the TV coverage that it eventually altered the public opinion on the war against terrorism (Bryant, 2002). As illustrated in this example, the media spread inaccurate reports in the society leading to the public support. Similarly, in the history of the U.S, the media, by using the TV, has influenced political surveys conducted during campaign periods (Schramm, 1971). This presents the possibility that some leaders may have paid TV stations directly or indirectly for more coverage during their campaigns in order to influence the viewers.
In my opinion, as viewers, we should insist that the television stations provide us with appropriate and productive contents in their programs. It is also necessary to become more vigilant and critical as we view TV programs to avoid being brainwashed by the often-misleading media information.
|Mining Safety||Importance of Variance Homogeneity|

domain: sociology


text:
Known as a passionate advocate for ALL kids—and it is fair to say that Jody is
incredibly enthusiastic about empowering kids and using bikes as “the tool.” She prides herself on connecting with families and the community in which she lives. You will most often find Jody on a bike–commuting, out on the gravel roads in the region, or on the amazing trails of Tucson. She enjoys competing in endurance gravel and mountain bike races and looks forward to mentoring our “junior” level (El Grupito and Manzo Elementary) youth who choose to race in the future or guiding those who want to embrace the bike as an awesome mode of transportation.
Jody has extensive program development experience, and a solid record of securing project funding, and looks forward to “leveling up” programs across Grupo. She is excited to bring her professional and personal experiences and combine those with my ability to enlist, engage, and mentor our amazing El Grupito team members to help grow our dynamic, youth-centered cycling program.

domain: hobby


Unisex White Tee-Shirt with round Neck
Anthony Delon 1985 White T-Shirt Unisex with round Neck.
White T-shirt "fall seven times get up eight" unisex with round neck, 100% organic cotton, Japanese print in black on the chest.
- 100% organic cotton
- Unisex Tee-Shirt
No customer reviews for the moment.


text:
Social media provides news, connections to high school students
Screens brighten, a swipe of the screen unlocks the device. A touch on screen opens an app. Feeds of friends, family and food greet the user as they scroll through their social media profile.
With young people having access to many social media platforms, statistics shown by PewResearch and Nieman Lab indicate that teenagers, receive news more accurately and are more capable of finding discerning between fact and opinion than adults who are over 50 years old.
Young people spend at least nine hours a day on their phone, according to CNN, and that doesn’t even include time at school. According to recent polls conducted on FC students show that social media holds to be one of the most used news sources.
Selah Draper, ’22, points out that many social media platforms provide awareness of what is going on in the world. She believes that teens should know about the news so they can assist in benefitting the world around them.
“Snapchat has that little section where it’s just news, and it’s accessible to everyone,” Draper said. “Not a lot of adults have an outlook on social media or even electronics, so I think that really contributes to how teens are learning in a bit of a different way than how adults are learning. We all have different outlets of learning and everybody thinks in a different way.”
At Fresno Christian, 17% of high schoolers affirm Snapchat as one of their sources of news. Snapchat not only holds filters that friends play around with and make memories with, it also contains a section filled with the latest breaking news as well as other people’s “stories” to engage with. Stories offer users an opportunity to snap pictures and videos to share with added friends that disappear after a day.
Editor-in-chief Alex Rurik examines the concept of “fake news” and strategies to discern truth.
— The Feather Online (@thefeather) February 23, 2018
Aimee Castaneda, ’21, believes that teens hold more of an advantage in finding out about news quicker than the average adult does, and that teens should be aware of what’s happening in the world so they can help change it.
“Teens need to be informed about what is going on in their world, and they need to also see how they can make a difference out there and make the world a better place,” Castaneda said. “Teenagers are on social media all the time, and most adults don’t have that. They’re usually at work and they don’t have time to see the news, while teens are constantly on it and they catch everything at the start. They see more of what is going on.”
Instagram is one of the most used social platforms behind Facebook and Youtube according to Dream Grow. 50% of FC high schoolers use Instagram as their main source of news, and 75% worldwide. With 800 million users logged on, teens scroll through feeds and find out about news every moment of the day.
With access to current articles and different topics, Anthony Diaz, ’19, points out that if teens venture into the news for themselves, then they can form their own opinion about local, national and world affairs.
“Knowing about the news allows teens to give an informative belief of their own,” Diaz said. “They can form their opinions a lot better, as opposed to listening to other people who might not know exactly what they’re talking about. It’s more of a direct acknowledgement of what’s actually going as opposed to what someone else says.”
“I also think the quickness of getting the information is an advantage,” Diaz continued. “But as far as anything else, there’s more drama when you get it on social media because you’re gonna have a lot of biased media as opposed to getting it directly from the source. So as far as disadvantages, adults aren’t going to get the information as fast. All we have to do is open up the app when we get an update.”
There are many different reasons why kids like to stay updated in the news. Many said because they want to stay in the loop, how it impacts others, and they can understand the world better. Others said that they can take better precautions in protecting themselves, and how to interact with others who do know what is going on.
Feather advisor and US History teacher, Kori Friesen shares that when a teenager is informed about news, it affects the way they understand the world around them.
“News can play a vital role in helping teens develop their personal opinions and perspective on a lot of things,” Friesen said. “I think it’s important for kids to be able to stay informed and know what’s happening in the world around them. Not everybody is going to want to take a stand or get involved but just by knowing about things allows yourself to take an interest that might benefit you later on.”
“News these days are more accessible than ever with apps like Instagram and Twitter,” Friesen continued. “It’s all there in a push of a button, at your fingertips all day long. The question is if it’s a reliable source. Because of the ease of access, people are going to believe whatever they see, and I think there needs to be more caution in what we are reading.”@thefeather, Instagram @thefeatheronline and Facebook @thefeatheronline.
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Part I. The Original Ranger
All through the managerial fracas, JPL engineers had been pushing ahead with the design of the Ranger spacecraft. The origins of the evolving Ranger machine went back to March 1958, when Major General John B. Medaris, Chief of the Army Ordnance Missile Command, had authorized JPL to evaluate a new launch vehicle based on the Jupiter and eventually known as Juno IV. Paper analyses concluded that Juno IV could inject several tens of kilograms into deep space trajectories. That prospect was enough for JPL Director Pickering. Eager to leapfrog beyond the moon and begin exploring the inner planets before the Soviets, he instructed Daniel Schneiderman, in charge of JPL's payload design group, to define the technology and preliminary concepts for a Juno IV planetary spacecraft, one that would weigh some 134 kilograms (300 pounds) and could be guided to an encounter with Mars. 1
A PLANETARY MACHINE FOR SPACE SCIENCE
John Small, Chief of Mechanical Engineering, assigned a few engineers to work with Schneiderman on the new spacecraft design: James Burke, Walter Downhower, Marc Comuntzis, and John Casani. For some weeks this group devoted considerable time to the problem of radio communications. To communicate adequately from planetary distances, the spacecraft would require a high-gain antenna–in conventional terms, a narrow-beam "dish" mounted and hinged so as to point continuously at the earth. There, sensitive receivers, powerful transmitters, and very-high-gain antennas would complete the circuit. All the while, the spacecraft dish antenna would have to be kept pointing in the right direction through an appropriate method of stabilizing the attitude of the spacecraft itself. Early American spacecraft, such as the Explorers and Pioneers, had been stabilized by spinning the vehicle along its roll axis. For flights to the planets, JPL engineers deemed it necessary to have complete control of the spacecraft in all three axes, roll, yaw, and pitch. This would ensure precise pointing of the experiments and the antenna, and maximize solar power collection and thermal control (Figure 18). With full attitude control, the flight trajectory of a planetary spacecraft could also be refined by igniting a rocket engine on board in a "midcourse maneuver." A small rocket would be able to compensate for minor guidance errors introduced by the launch vehicle, thus permitting the spacecraft to approach more closely or even hit a celestial target. 2 In June 1958 a Pickering appointed JPL review team approved these preliminary design concepts. 3
Fig. 18. Spacecraft Attitude Stabilization in Three Axes
The planes of movement through which the spacecraft passes are illustrated above. The attitude of the spacecraft is established and maintained by commands executed by the attitude control system in conjunction with other systems of the spacecraft the attitude control system regulates the movements of the spacecraft in these three planes and accomplishes these movements by imparting small amounts of thrust to the spacecraft bus by the discharge of nitrogen gas from cold-gas jets positioned on and about the hexagonal frame of the spacecraft. The desired posture of the spacecraft is dictated by its spatial relationship with the sun and earth. It must keep its solar panels facing the sun for solar power and the high-gain antenna facing earth for communication. The sun and earth sensors, part of the attitude control system, continuously generate signals which are combined with information from the rate gyros of the autopilots. The latter supply the information defining the rate of movement. This combined information is translated by the attitude control system into commands to the appropriate cold-gas jets or combination of jets. This cycle is repeated until the desired attitude of the spacecraft is established and subsequently continues to function maintaining this posture.
Though the Juno IV program was canceled in October 1958, 4 the JPL martian spacecraft continued to evolve, now to be used in Project Vega. In addition to the features of a high-gain antenna and full attitude stabilization, engineers designed the spacecraft so that its longitudinal axis would point continuously toward the sun (except during midcourse or terminal maneuvers), since it was uncertain whether the earth could be "seen" by onboard sensors at planetary distances. This decision simplified the problem of maintaining thermal equilibrium on the spacecraft and permitted the use of solar cells on fixed panels as a primary source of electrical power. 5 With the Vega launch vehicle, JPL's Schneiderman and his colleagues also had more ample weight figures with which to work. Assuming a parking orbit technique, in which the spacecraft is ultimately launched into the solar system from earth orbit, Vega calculations yielded spacecraft weights of 360 kilograms (800 pounds) deliverable to the vicinity of the moon, and approximately 205 kilograms (450 pounds) to Mars or Venus. 6
But at the start of the space program, the additional spacecraft weight was inseparable from the expensive and unproved Vega launch vehicle. The higher launch costs would ultimately mean fewer flights. The unproved launcher would also likely fail in some early missions; estimates of reliability for the individual Vega stages ran at about 0.5. Each flight could be expected to have less than half a chance of succeeding even if one were to neglect any failures that might occur in the complex spacecraft. To enhance reliability, therefore, members of the JPL design group decided to use a single spacecraft design repetitively. They identified and combined functions common to all flights, with the resultant basic unit termed a spacecraft "bus." Here the design would vary as little as possible for each mission. The bus would provide electrical power, communications, attitude control, command functions, and a midcourse maneuver capability. To the bus would be added the scientific instruments and associated equipment that together comprised a mission package. 7
Since nearby equipment could adversely affect many kinds of scientific experiments (limits on fields of view, radio or magnetic interference, etc.), tall structures and extendable booms were called for. Like a chrysalis, the craft with its solar wings would be folded into a compact and rugged package inside the conical aerodynamic nose fairing of the launch vehicle, then open out in space while cruising to Mars or Venus. By mid-1959 these preliminary plans had been communicated to NASA and described to Congress. 8 They would provide the basic model for the Ranger machine (Figure 19).
Fig. 19. Vega Spacecraft Model
THE VEGA-RANGER: HERE PLANET AND SKY SCIENCE MEET
The JPL Space Sciences Division, meantime, drew up a program of experiments for the Vega flights. Created in the reorganization that followed JPL's transfer to NASA, this division drew together JPL experimenters in one group, prepared instruments for flight missions, and processed the information returned to earth for release to the experimenters. 9 As chief of the new division, Pickering named Albert R. Hibbs, an articulate, exceptionally bright young physicist with a Caltech Ph.D. One of the founders of the Lunar and Planetary Exploration Colloquia and a participant in the Explorer and Pioneer IGY projects, Hibbs was already well known within the community of space scientists and engineers.
When Glennan decided to emphasize the lunar objective in July 1959, neither Hibbs nor his JPL engineering colleagues abandoned the martian spacecraft. They preferred to stick with it even though on a 66-hour flight to the moon batteries could suffice in place of solar panels, and a high-gain antenna was unnecessary for communicating over a distance of 400,000 kilometers (a quarter million miles). Adapted to lunar missions, the high-gain antenna, instead of being used for long-range, narrow band communication, would now be used for relatively wide-band transmission such as television at lunar distances. The bus and passenger concept, three-axis attitude stabilization, and solar power, its designers reasoned, could be used to develop the technology required for the planetary flights postponed to 1962. 10
The question of just what scientific experiments the Ranger machines would carry was a matter for decision not only by JPL but by NASA Headquarters, particularly Silverstein's office of Space Flight Programs. Silverstein had awarded the responsibility for determining what scientific instruments would ride into space to his quiet assistant director, Homer E. Newell. A crew-cut, 44 year-old scientist administrator, Newell was the son of an electrical engineer, who had helped him provision a chemical laboratory in their home in Holyoke, Massachusetts. His mother, an accomplished musician, inspired dinner time exchanges concerning events of the day. Newell, who earned his Ph.D in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin, joined the Naval Research Laboratory after World War II. He was soon appointed head of the Rocket Sonde Branch, and then, a few years later, Superintendent of the Atmosphere and Astrophysics Division. Together with James Van Allen, Lloyd Berkner, and other members of the ad hoc Upper Atmosphere Rocket Research Panel, he directed America’s postwar assault on the physics of the upper atmosphere, seeking answers to theoretical questions involving earth-sun electromagnetic relationships. Revealing the type of science he preferred, Newell assured the readers of his first book that "the ultimate technical strength of the nation is to be found in the continuing accumulation of fundamental knowledge" (Figure 20). 11
Fig. 20. NASA Space Flight Programs Assistant Director for Space Sciences Homer Newell
In October 1958, after serving as Science Program Coordinator for the IGY Vanguard Satellite project, Newell moved to Silverstein's office in the fledgling NASA. He promptly established procedures for shaping the agency's space flight program. In arrangements worked out in succeeding months, the Space Science Board of the National Academy of Sciences contracted to provide advice on long-term goals to NASA. While specific research objectives and operating policy were of course prerogatives reserved to the space agency, Newell recognized that the success of the research program would ultimately depend upon the support it could command within and outside the agency, especially from those scientists engaged in its work. He elected to employ small contingents of qualified scientists at Headquarters and the field centers. In accord with the precedent of the IGY and sounding rocket programs, he chose to delegate the bulk of NASA's basic space research, primarily to university scientists. NASA would tap the best scientific talent available in the nation, and the best scientific talent, Newell hoped, could be expected to provide vocal and articulate support for NASA's science program. 12
Newell's office made known the opportunities for conducting space research from NASA satellites and space probes to university scientists directly by correspondence, in announcements at annual meetings of the various science societies, and by means of special conferences convened for that purpose, including the first national Conference on Space Physics sponsored jointly by NASA, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Physical Society in April 1959. 13 Numerous proposals for experiments-both solicited and unsolicited-arrived in short order. In fact, Newell received far more proposals than could be accommodated on authorized NASA space launch vehicles. Ad hoc space science working groups assisted in selecting and developing the most promising of these experiments for NASA flight missions. Composed of well-known university and NASA scientists appointed by Newell, one group dealt with space radiation, another with magnetic fields and plasmas in space, and the third considered experiments for lunar exploration after Robert Jastrow and Harold Urey convinced Newell of its importance. 14
By the fall of 1959, the Headquarters working groups and Hibbs' scientists at JPL had agreed upon a rough priority of experiments to be carried on the six authorized Vega lunar flights. Since the experiments of sky scientists did not require a precise trajectory, the first two Vega test missions would be instrumented to measure more closely the fields and particles between the earth and the sun. Representations by planetary scientists ensured that the lunar flights to follow would be confined exclusively to investigating the moon rather than the interplanetary medium. This division of available vehicles proved congenial to the interests of both science parties.
In November Hibbs submitted a precis of these deliberations to the JPL Vega Project staff. Planning of the sky science experiments for the first two launches, he informed Cummings and Burke, had reached an advanced stage. Measuring solar corpuscular radiation-the solar atmosphere-and magnetic fields was the objective preferred by these scientists. Second preference had been assigned to investigating the neutral hydrogen cloud that surrounds the earth, third preference to measuring cosmic rays, and fourth, to measuring micrometeorites. Those identified as experimenters were James Van Allen of the State University of Iowa, and others from the Naval Research Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), JPL, and Caltech. The later lunar rough landing missions would carry the seismometer being developed cooperatively for NASA by Caltech and Columbia University. Additional lunar experiments would be designated in the near future, upon completion of the Vega spacecraft design. 15
But Glennan's cancellation of Vega occurred just as the spacecraft design neared completion. After Silverstein then ordered the five flight Atlas-Agena B Ranger Project, JPL Director Pickering and Vega Program Director Cummings faced a choice: considering only the spacecraft, JPL could begin a new on the design of a less complicated lunar machine for use on the Atlas-Agena; or it could proceed with the planetary craft, building on the work already accomplished. Pickering and Cummings opted for the planetary vehicle. If that course was risky, it nevertheless offered a rapid development of planetary flight technology and experience, nearly on Vega schedules. Besides, the time and money already invested, and the experience accumulated, would be saved. Moreover, if pushed in a concerted fashion, the planetary machine might well return valuable data about the moon in advance of the Soviets. And by using the Vega planetary craft for the lunar missions, NASA could also accomplish the scientific program already agreed upon by the ad hoc working groups at Headquarters and Al Hibbs’ Space Sciences Division at JPL.
On December 28, 1959, representatives of NASA Headquarters met with Pickering and his senior staff to review plans for Ranger. Pickering recommended pursuing the Vega spacecraft and flight mission plans in Project Ranger. The savings in time and money appealed to everyone, and so did the possibility of surpassing the Soviets. 16 Headquarters personnel authorized JPL to proceed in Project Ranger with what had been the Vega planetary spacecraft and flight sequencing. By implication, they also sanctioned Vega's scientific experiments-sky science ventures on the first two Ranger engineering test flights, planetary science on the three lunar rough-landing missions. Newell assured his associates at NASA that the five Ranger missions appeared to be "well thought out from the scientific point of view." 17 Early in 1960 Headquarters officially approved the list of experiments for all five flights (Table II). 18
Ranger test flights
|Agency and scientist|
|Solar corpuscular (plasma) detector||JPL: M.M. Neugebauer, C. W. Snyder|
|Photoconductive particle (trapped radiation) detectors||State University of Iowa: J. A. Van Allen|
|Rubidium vapor magnetometer||GSFC: J. P. Heppner|
|Vehicle charge||Not specified|
|Triple-coincidence cosmic ray telescope||University of Chicago: J. A. Simpson|
|Cosmic-ray integrating ionization chamber||Caltech/JPL: H. V. Neher, H. R. Anderson|
|Lyman alpha scanning telescope (hydrogen geo-corona)||Naval Research Laboratory: T. A. Chubb|
|Micrometeorite dust particle detectors||GSFC: W. M. Alexander|
Ranger lunar flights
Agency and scientist
|Single-axis passive seismometer a||Caltech: Frank Press|
|Capsule temperature measurement||Columbia University: M. Ewing|
|Maximum deceleration at impact measurement|
|Gamma-ray spectrometer b||
U.C.San Diego: J. R. Arnold
JPL: A. E. Metzger
LASL: M. A. Van Dilla
|Television camera b||Experimenter Team representing various agencies to be assigned|
|a Capsule to survive hard landing.|
|b Spacecraft bus - destroyed on impact.|
Table II. The Original Ranger Space Science Plan
Capable of performing sky science experiments and of exploring the distant planets, the Ranger spacecraft would be far more complex than a vehicle designed for lunar missions had to be. The commitment to develop such a machine demanded a major technological advance-from small spin-stabilized earth orbiting vehicles weighing tens of kilograms to a completely attitude-stabilized planetary machine weighing hundreds of kilograms. The first earth satellites had been equipped with small radios to transmit data to stations several hundred kilometers below. The Ranger spacecraft would be able to accomplish tasks automatically in response to a preset program, to process and transmit diagnostic and scientific information, and to receive and respond to commands sent to it from the earth-not just at lunar distances but at interplanetary distances of millions of kilometers. Whether the decision to pin the fortunes of lunar exploration on the development of such a machine within a little more than a year was wise or not, officials at NASA and JPL recognized the task as a high-risk venture-one sure to tax the technology and skills both in and out of the Laboratory in Pasadena.
CREATING THE RANGER MACHINE
On February 1, 1960, Dan Schneiderman issued the design concepts and criteria for the Ranger spacecraft. 19 Since the Vega third-stage vehicle had employed a hexagonal truss and six longerons, the Ranger spacecraft possessed hexagonal symmetry (Figure 21). JPL experience in electronics packaging on the Corporal and Sergeant missiles suggested the use of modular construction of electronic equipment to withstand high levels of vibration. These modules would be packaged in plain rectangular boxes, one bolted to each of the six sides (Figures 22 and 23). Above the 1.5-meter (5-foot) diameter hexagon would rise a "tower" that supported the fixed low-gain antenna and various scientific experiments. Conforming to design concepts that called for tall structures, the tower would become a permanent feature on all early JPL lunar and planetary spacecraft. Below it, two solar panels would be attached to opposite sides of the bus; a 1.2-meter (4 foot) diameter high-gain dish antenna would be stowed directly beneath the spacecraft. Both the solar panels and the dish antenna would be hinged at the frame, designed to swing out from the bus after the spacecraft had been placed on its trajectory in space.
Fig. 21. Ranger Spacecraft Preliminary Design
Fig. 22. Spacecraft Packaging
Fig. 23. Typical Assembly Package
This spacecraft was to be used on the first two test flights, which, with their sky science purpose, were designated Block 1. The three further flights, which would photograph the moon and deposit seismometers on its surface; were designated Block II The three Block II spacecraft would incorporate the midcourse engine and maneuver capability, and a tower to support the seismometer capsule and its retrorocket. Prior Atlas-Agena studies had yielded an estimated weight of 360 kilograms (800 pounds) for the lunar spacecraft, comparable to the weightlifting performance expected of Atlas-Vega.
Systems Division Chief Schurmeier created a Spacecraft Design Specifications Book to guide the JPL design activity and to describe the mission objectives, design philosophy, design restraints (weight, schedule, power, etc.), and functional requirements (what each subsystem was intended to do, and their interactions). NASA, through Cummings and Burke at JPL, would provide project objectives and guidelines; the Systems Division would integrate the complete design and test the assembled spacecraft. Other JPL technical divisions would prepare Ranger's detailed design, procure parts, fabricate components, and test each subsystem. To conserve time and quickly demonstrate the technology for planetary missions, changes in the spacecraft design were to be minimized.
As a surrogate of man in the cosmos, the Ranger spacecraft was to serve a four-fold purpose: first, to deliver its scientific cargo to a celestial target within certain tolerances, then position the experiments, perform the proposed scientific program, and transmit the results back to earth. Priorities for Project Ranger, released by Cummings on February 17, 1960, conformed to this progression. In descending order of importance, he committed JPL to ( 1) develop the spacecraft technology, (2) maintain schedules, (3) establish industrial support for NASA-JPL planetary flight missions, and (4) support science. 20 Although included on the test flights, sky science thus initially held a low position in the scheme of project activities as Cummings and Burke sought to create the technology first, then pursue lunar investigations. In authorizing the eight experiments for the engineering test missions, Silverstein agreed that sky science was not to interfere with the creation of the spacecraft technology. 21
But NASA had specified scientific investigations of the moon as the objective of the Block II Rangers-to acquire more knowledge about our celestial neighbor. 22 Approved in early 1960, the planetary experiments included a television camera to return close-up photographs of the moon, a seismometer to be deposited upon it, and a gamma-ray spectrometer to determine the chemical composition of the surface material. 23 The midcourse trajectory and terminal attitude maneuvers to be incorporated in these spacecraft would position the television camera to take pictures of the moon, and permit release of the seismometer capsule just prior to impact. However, in a compromise between the scientific objective stipulated by Headquarters and the necessity to create the required technology, technology remained the clear emphasis for the engineers charged with Ranger's prosecution. As the project got underway, the priorities established at JPL revealed the essential purpose of all five Ranger flights to be the development of "basic elements of spacecraft technology required for lunar and planetary missions." 24
Under direction of the Systems Division, design of the two test spacecraft moved ahead smoothly, and was completed by May 1960 (Figure 24). 25 To reduce complexity to manageable proportions, the engineers divided the spacecraft system into functional subsystems that corresponded to the responsibilities of the line divisions at the Laboratory. The Telecommunications Division, headed by Eberhardt Rechtin, handled the spacecraft command, telemetry, and communications subsystem; Eugene Giberson and the Guidance Control Division looked after attitude control, power, and central control; GeoMey Robillard's Propulsion Division was responsible for spacecraft pyrotechnic squibs and actuators, and–on Block II-midcourse propulsion; the Engineering Mechanics Division, led by Charles Cole, developed the thermal control, structures, electronics packaging, and cabling for the spacecraft; and Hibbs' Space Sciences Division dealt with the scientific instruments and their control data automation subsystem. Apportioned so that one individual could comprehend an entire subsystem, each one was assigned to a "cognizant engineer" by the respective division chief, the cognizant engineer, in turn, further subdivided the work and guided subsystem development.
Fig. 24. Ranger 1 and 2 Spacecraft Design
The tasks to be accomplished by the respective Ranger spacecraft may be seen most readily as a set of increasingly complex phases of operation, as shown in Table III.
|Launch (spacecraft as passenger)||I a||II b|
|Postlaunch (active period, spacecraft separation, solar panels and dish antenna extended, acquistion of sun and earth)||I||II|
|Cruise (in free fall, orientated to sun and earth)||I||II|
|Midcourse maneuver (active period, attitude change, engine burn, reacquition of sun and earth)||II|
|Cruise (as above)||II|
|Lunar operations (active period, terminal attitude maneuver, TV, seismometer capsule launch)||II|
|a Flights 1 and 2|
|b Flights 3, 4 and 5|
Table III. Progression of Ranger Spacecraft Technology
Ranger had to be designed to operate in free fall and the hard vacuum of outer space. Lacking the protection of the earth's atmosphere, it would be bombarded by radiation from the sun across the entire energy spectrum. Ranger would also demand 100-150 watts of power to operate a host of electronic components. This energy could be supplied continuously by the 1.86 square meters (20 square feet) of solar panels weighing 18 kilograms (40 pounds) or, for up to two days, by a 54-kilogram (120-pound) silver-zinc storage battery. But the electrical power consumed by its onboard instruments would reappear all over the spacecraft in the form of heat that had to be carried away if the instruments were to continue functioning efficiently. After considerable effort, this problem was solved: the final design minimized direct solar energy input and matched it with heat radiated to space without involving any active elements of the spacecraft in this task. Thus, heat levels would be controlled passively-by conduction and radiation-through the use of aluminum and magnesium alloys in the structural elements, by various coatings such as reflective paint and gold plating of electronic boxes, and by carefully distributing heat sources throughout the spacecraft. The electronic boxes themselves were vented so that all equipment operated in the vacuum of space.
Telemetry would determine and record the health of the spacecraft. In all of the subsystems, near-continuous measurements of voltage, current, temperatures, and pressures were to be sampled, channeled through a telemetry coder, and transmitted by radio to receiving stations on earth, where engineers could evaluate the data. But maintaining the health of the spacecraft, so dependent on temperatures, required keeping the vehicle properly oriented in space. That orientation would be determined by information received from photoelectric eyes, and through a working nervous system which included its own electronic brain and gyroscopic sense of balance that directed the motion of the spacecraft by expelling cold nitrogen gas. Especially heavy activity in spacecraft attitude control would occur during initial acquisition of the sun and earth, in the midcourse turns commanded by a central controller with the "muscle" provided by the cold gas jets, and at midcourse motor bum when a special, powerful auto pilot would steady the spacecraft attitude by means of vanes in the rocket exhaust.
For its lunar mission, Ranger's brain would be a miniature central computer and sequencer. This element began as a complex alarm clock on the Block I spacecraft; it was to time and trigger events after launch and enable Ranger to convert from its role as a rocket passenger to that of independent spacecraft (i.e., open the solar panels, activate the solar alignment, and point the dish antenna at the earth). With the midcourse maneuver phase added to refine the lunar trajectory for Block II spacecraft, engineers coupled a computer to the sequencer. Unlike the latter, the computer could receive such numerical information from earth stations as the direction and size of rocket thrust required, then initiate the maneuver on command.
The central computer and sequencer would receive its information from the command subsystem using decoding components in the spacecraft and encoding components on the ground. Other spacecraft activities would also be initiated by communications passed through this system. The radio link was to consist of a powerful transmitter on earth and a very sensitive receiver in Ranger. The same radio system would contain a spacecraft transmitter that conveyed the diagnostic telemetry and scientific experiment data to the earth receivers. Ranger's radio would also operate at radar frequency, and the signal loop-which could carry command, telemetry, and scientific data all at once-would provide accurate two-way doppler tracking at the ground receivers. Before sun acquisition or during the midcourse maneuver, commands to or data from the spacecraft would pass through the low-gain antenna atop the tower; in the stabilized cruise mode and at lunar encounter, the more powerful high-gain dish antenna beneath the spacecraft was to be used. 26
Totaling 270-320 kilograms (600-700 pounds), Block I spacecraft represented a complicated array of interdependent subsystems. The decision to fly scientific experiments on these two engineering test missions precluded adding many redundant or duplicate engineering devices such as a second central controller or attitude control components. The design did include a backup low power transmitter with independent battery power supply; nevertheless, to a greater extent than might have been preferred by its designers at JPL, the craft depended upon successive functioning of unique components in series; that is to say, the proper operation of each subsystem largely determined the operation of its neighbor. A failure in the attitude control or power subsystems, for example, would have adverse effects throughout the spacecraft. To compensate, engineers planned more redundant features for the lunar spacecraft. Among other changes to the bus, they expected to add a second set of attitude control gas jets and a separate gas supply, in addition to the backup low-power transmitter.
Of all the physical changes, a modified tower above the Block II spacecraft was the most noticeable. The JPL-designed hydrazine monopropellant midcourse rocket engine, another addition, would be tucked away out of sight beneath the hexagonal bus. The tower supported the seismometer capsule and its retrorocket; aimed at depositing the seismometer on the moon, the entire assembly was a major subsystem in its own right. Like the spacecraft in inherent complexity, the capsule subsystem had to be designed and developed at the same time as the bus. Short on manpower and facilities, and responding to the wishes expressed at NASA
Headquarters to engage industry in the space program, JPL immediately sought out an industrial firm to design and fabricate this science subsystem. Two weeks after formal NASA approval of Project Ranger in February 1960, three companies received contracts for competitive design studies of the capsule. On April 15 they returned proposals to JPL for evaluation. Ten days later NASA Administrator Glennan announced that the Aeronutronic Division of Ford Motor Company had been selected to build the seismometer subsystem. 27
The Aeronutronic design was novel, its schedule ambitious. The firm proposed to fabricate, assemble, test, and deliver by September 1961 the required number of 134-kilogram (300-pound) capsule subsystems for a cost of $3.6 million. The design mounted the capsule above a solid-propellant retrorocket; a radar altimeter would signal separation and firing, of the capsule's motor at a specified distance above the lunar surface. The full capsule, which was then to separate from the motor, incorporated a crushable outside shell or impact limiter. Inside, a spherical metal survival package floated in fluid to distribute and dampen the structural loads at impact, and to allow erection of the package to local vertical by moon gravity after the capsule came to rest. In addition to tiny batteries, the survival package would contain the single-axis seismometer already being developed by Caltech's Seismological Laboratory and the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory at Columbia University. Erection to local vertical on the moon would permit the sensitive axis of the seismometer to be positioned correctly, and allowed deployment of a modest directional transmitting antenna. 28
The Aeronutronic firm appointed Frank G. Denison manager of its Lunar Systems, the group formed to develop the capsule subsystem. A Caltech graduate and former JPL Section Chief, Denison was well known at the Laboratory. He would report to Burke and Kautz in the Ranger Project Office, and to Schurmeier's Systems Division, which would integrate and test the capsule subsystem in the assembled spacecraft. In June, Denison selected and JPL approved the subsidiary contractors to fabricate the major components of the capsule subsystem: Hercules Powder Company, solid-propellant retrorocket; Ryan Aeronautical Company, radar altimeter; and Rohr Aircraft, capsule support structure (Figure 25).
Fig. 25. Ranger 3, 4, and 5 Superstructure Design
The Ranger spacecraft design had reached an advanced stage, with the scientific content agreed upon and the principal contractors selected. Before, in the minds of the participants at NASA and JPL, the name Vega had been associated with a launch vehicle. In the months to follow the name "Ranger," besides acting as a project designation, came to apply increasingly to a specific spacecraft genre. Its design concepts and functions had grown from Juno IV in 1958 via Vega in 1959 to become Ranger in 1960. A machine capable of planetary missions appeared destined to inaugurate NASA's program of lunar exploration.
Chapter Three - Notes
The hyphenated numbers in parentheses at the ends of individual citations are catalog numbers of documents on file in the history archives of the JPL library.
1. JPL Interoffice Memo from William Pickering to Daniel Schneiderman-memo is lost-recollection of recipient.
2. See the testimony of Daniel Schneiderman on November 6, 1962, in RA-5 Failure Investigation Board Interviews, October 31-November 6, 1962, p.1 (2-460b).
3. James D. Burke's testimony on November 2, 1962, ibid.; also rationale as described by Clifford 1. Cummings, "The Shape of Tomorrow, Astronautics, Vol. 5, July 1960, pp. 24-25.
4. U.S. Army Ordnance Missile Command, Satellite and Space Program Progress Report for NASA, November 18, 1958 (2-578).
5. See Burke's testimony, RA-5 Failure Investigation Board Interviews (2460b); The Ranger Project: Annual Report for 196](U) (JPL TR 32-241. Pasadena, California: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, June 15, 1962), p. 2.
6. JPL Interoffice Memo from John Keyser to Distribution, subject: "Vega Program; Preliminary Design Phase Assignments," April 14, 1959 (21002).
7. Interview of James Burke by Cargill Hall, January 27, 1969, pp. 2-3 (2-1391).
8. Space Programs Summary No. 4 for the period May 15, 1959, to July 15, 1959 (Pasadena, California: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, August 1, 1959), p. 7; United States Congress, Senate, Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, NASA Authorization for Fiscal Year 1960, Hearings before the NASA Authorization Subcommittee, 86th Congress, 1st Session, on S. 1582 and H.R. 7007, 1959, Part II: "Program Detail for Fiscal Year 1960," 750; for design evolution see James D. Burke, "The Ranger Spacecraft," Astronautics September 1961, pp. 23-24.
9. JPL Interoffice Memo from William Pickering to Division Chiefs, et al., subject: "Establishment of Space Sciences Division," July 14, 1959 (3- 225); letter from William Pickering to R. L. Bell, Colonel P. H. Seordas, and G. P. Chase, November 20, 1959 (2-865).
10. Burke, "The Ranger Spacecraft," pp. 24-25; the spacecraft functional specifications released in August and September 1959 reflected the decision, see Payload Functional Description, Vega V-6, JPL Functional Design Group, August 21, 1959 (2-945); and James D. Burke, "Design Criteria for Vega Lunar Capsule," December 7, 1959 (2-1349).
11. Homer E. Newell, High Altitude Rocket Research (New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1953), p. v.
12. See the testimony of Homer Newell, United States Congress, House, Committee on Science and Astronautics, 1962 NASA Authorization, Hearings before the Committee and Subcommittees 1, 3, and 4, 87th Congress, 1st Session, on H.R. 3238 and H.R. 6029, 1961, No. 7, Part I, p. 244.
13. Letter from Homer Newell to Bruno Rossi, December 18, 1959 (2-1937); Robert Jastrow, ed., The Exploration of Space, A Symposium of Space Physics, April 29-30, 1959, sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the American Physical Society (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1960).
14. NASA Space Sciences "Staff Conference Report," February 19, 1959, p. 2 (2-1760). See also "From Interest to Resolve" in Chapter One of this volume.
15. JPL Interoffice Memo from Space Sciences Division to Distribution, subject: "Vega Missions, " November 30, 195 9 (2-846).
16. NASA Memorandum for the File from Homer Newell, subject: "Trip Report for the Visit to Jet Propulsion Laboratory on 28 December 1959 by Homer Newell, Jr., Newell Sanders, J. A. Crocker, Morton J. Stoller, December 30, 1959 (2-1935a); letter from William Pickering to Abe Silverstein, December 29, 1959 (2-2483); also William H. Pickering, "Do We Have a Space Program?" Astronautics, January 1960, pp. 83-84.
17. Based on NASA Memo for the File, from Newell, p. 2 (2-1935a). The craft was, nonetheless, represented publicly as a "lunar spacecraft, " Fourth Semiannual Report of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1961 ), p. 5 7.
18. Letter from William Pickering to Gerhardt Schilling, January 20, 1960 (2-668); letter from Abe Silverstein to William Pickering, January 26, 1960 (2-669); letter from William Pickering to Gerhardt Schilling, May 5, 1960 (2-671); letter from Abe Silverstein to William Pickering, May 23, 1960 (2-1411a).
19. Daniel Schneiderman, et al., Spacecraft Design Criteria and Considerations, General Concepts, Spacecraft S-1 (JPL Section Report No. 29-1. Pasadena, California: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, February 1, 1960).
20. JPL Interoffice Memo from Clifford Cummings to all Division Chiefs, subject: "Ranger A Program Guidelines," February 17, 1960 (2-1024).
21. Letter from Abe Silverstein to William Pickering, January 26, 1960 (2- 669); also "Mission Objectives and Design Criteria," in Ranger Spacecraft Design Specification Book, Spec. No. RA12-2 110 (Pasadena, California: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, April 19, 1960), p. 2 (2-1094a).
22. The objectives of the original Ranger flights one through five were "(a) to create and test a new spacecraft design whose features can be exploited in the performance of lunar and interplanetary flight missions; and (b) using this spacecraft to perform two classes of scientific experiments: first, a group of measurements dealing with particles, fields and the solar atmosphere within one million miles of the Earth; and second, a group of measurements of lunar characteristics close to and on the surface of the Moon. "Ranger Project Development Plan (Rangers 1-5) (Revision 2. Pasadena, California: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, August 1, 1962), p. 1-2.
23. Letter from Silverstein to Pickering, May 23, 1960 (2-141 la).
24. JPL Spec. No. RAI 2-2-110, Ranger Spacecraft Design Specification Book p. 1 (2-1094a).
25. Testimony of Burke, RA-5 Failure Investigation Board Interviews (2-460b); Space Programs Summary No. 3 7-3 for the period March 15, 1960, to May 15,1960 (Pasadena, California: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1960), p. 26.
26. Spacecraft technical details can be found in Appendix B.
27. NASA Statement from T. Keith Glennan, subject: "Decision to Negotiate on the Lunar Capsule, " April 27, 1960 (2-320).
28. Aeronutronic, a Division of Ford Motor Company, Design Study of a Lunar Capsule Final Report (Publication No. U-870, Under Contract M48024, April 15, 1960), Volume I: "Design Study" (2-703a).


A destructive Pacific storm is parked over Southern California and expected to stay that way until Saturday afternoon.
Heavy rain ravaged roads, opened sinkholes and led to the deaths of at least two people.
The storm feeding on an atmospheric river of moisture stretching far out into the ocean was at its most fierce late Friday afternoon, dropping over 8 inches of rain in one area.
Two vehicles fell into a 20-foot sinkhole in Studio City Friday and firefighters had to rescue one woman who escaped her car but was found standing on her overturned vehicle.
in the Inland Empire, three firefighters managed to safely escape before their fire engine fell down 50 feet off the side of the freeway Friday.
Authorities in San Bernardino County say a motorist has been found dead after a car was submerged on a flooded desert road in Victorville.
Fire Department spokesman Eric Sherwin says another person was rescued by helicopter from the roof of a car that was swept downstream during the fierce storm.
It's the second confirmed storm-related death from the powerful storm that has lashed Central and Southern California Friday.
Earlier, a 55-year-old man was electrocuted in the Sherman Oaks area of Los Angeles when a fallen tree downed power lines and fell on a car.
In San Diego, several giant eucalyptus trees fell on State Route 163 just north of downtown, crusing the hood of one car. The driver escaped injury but the route was closed for hours inorder to remove the trees.
In what may be one of the most memorable moments of the storm Friday, a big rig driver navigated a flooded patch of Interstate 5 in Los Angeles.


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TAIPEI, TAIWAN — Search teams Sunday found the bodies of the last three missing people at the site of a golf ball factory fire in southern Taiwan, bringing the death toll to 10, according to Taiwanese media reports.
Launch Technologies, the operator of the plant, is a major global supplier of golf balls.
Four of the victims were firefighters. Taiwan’s Central News Agency, quoting a Pingtung County fire official, said an explosion Friday caused part of the building to collapse about 6:10 p.m., trapping firefighters and workers under rubble, A second explosion followed 20 minutes later.
Two bodies were found Sunday morning and the final one was recovered in the afternoon. About 100 people were injured in the blaze at Pingtung Technology Industrial Park. The fire was not extinguished until the next day. The cause remained unclear.
Taiwan is a major manufacturer of golf balls with factories supplying major brands including Callaway, TaylorMade, Bridgestone, Mizuno and Wilson, according to the 2021 annual report of Launch Technologies Co.
Launch Technologies, which is listed on the Taipei Exchange, shipped about 260 million golf balls last year, accounting for one-fifth of the global total, the Central News Agency said. About 80% of its sales are in the United States.
The Ministry of Labor said Saturday it would open an occupational safety investigation into Launch Technologies and its parent company. The factory, which is in an export processing zone, has been fined in the past for violations found during inspections, the Central News Agency said.
Source : VOA News


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Coronation Street star Kym Marsh is turning detective to investigate “romance fraud”.
Kym Marsh has said that Nigel Lythgoe’s comment about her weight on television affected her because she had previously battled an eating disorder.
Coronation Street star Kym Marsh has become a grandmother at the age of 42 after helping to deliver her daughter’s “beautiful” son on Friday night.
Kym Marsh has announced she is leaving Coronation Street after 13 years, saying it felt like the “right time for me to take a break”.
Coronation Street’s Kym Marsh has written an emotional message to her late son on what would have been his 10th birthday.
Kym Marsh has revealed she does not want to be called “Granny” or “Grandma” and will be referred to as “Lolly” instead.
Kym Marsh has revealed she is going to be a grandmother.
Talent show judge ‘nasty’ Nigel Lythgoe recalled calling Kym Marsh fat on television and said the star has since made “an absolute mint”.
Coronation Street actress Kym Marsh has described her nerves as she filmed some of her most dramatic scenes to date – a car chase which will leave one person dead and two fighting for their lives.
Kym Marsh has spoken of her “emotional” reunion with the nurse who helped to save her daughter’s life when she was born prematurely.
Coronation Street actress Kym Marsh has said photographers’ attempts to take revealing pictures of female stars need to stop, after her co-star Nicola Thorp said she was subjected to sexist behaviour at the British Soap Awards.
Kym Marsh has said filming physical scenes for next week’s run of dramatic episodes on Coronation Street left her “bruised”.
Coronation Street’s Kym Marsh has penned an emotional message to her late son on what would have been his ninth birthday.
Coronation Street actress Kym Marsh has revealed she keeps the ashes of the baby boy she lost in a box next to her bed.
Coronation Street viewers have praised Robert Preston for his bravery in getting tested for testicular cancer.
Caroline Flack, Sam Faiers and Kym Marsh were among the stars fending off the chill as they walked the red carpet at the ITV Gala.
Coronation Street fans are hoping former couple Steve McDonald and Michelle Connor can rekindle their romance after he saved her from a stalker.
Coronation Street star Kym Marsh has said that recreating a stillbirth on screen was the “best way to honour” the baby she lost.

domain: entertainment


Married Couple Paid $163,000 As Teachers; Complain About Pay
Ann Arbor teacher spoke at MEA rally in Lansing about her family’s salaries
The Michigan Education Associated recently quoted a public school teacher who said that her family experienced every salary cut over the past several years “times two” because she was married to a teacher who worked in the same district.
What the state’s largest teachers union didn’t report was that this teacher and her husband were, between the two of them, paid nearly $163,000 in total salary in 2017-18, with a very large increase over the past two years.
The June 26 feature on the MEA website mentioned an Ann Arbor Public Schools teacher, Jennifer Garcia. Her husband, Frank Garcia, teaches in the Ann Arbor district as well.
“Ann Arbor health and physical education teacher Jennifer Garcia told several Senate staff members that being married to an educator means her household has experienced every salary cut and increase to health premiums over the past several years times two,” the MEA wrote.
“This state still has not recovered from the $1.4 billion in cuts to education from 2010,” Garcia said, according to the MEA article. “It’s beyond urgent. We passed urgent a while ago.”
Garcia’s claim that state funding for education has been cut since 2010 is not accurate. State funding has increased, according to figures from the Senate Fiscal Agency. Also, the total salary for both these Ann Arbor teachers rose significantly in the two years from 2015-16 to 2017-18.
Frank Garcia’s total pay increased from $64,430 in 2015-16 to $82,357 in 2017-18. His total compensation included extra pay for coaching a district sports team.
Jennifer Garcia’s total compensation increased from $71,223 in 2015-16 to $80,536 in 2017-18. This amount included extra money she received for accepting extra duties.
Both teachers’ salary information come from the state’s Office of Retirement Services, which tracks total salaries for pension purposes. Michigan Capitol Confidential files an annual Freedom of Information Act request with this office for data on public school salaries.
Michigan Capitol Confidential is the news source produced by the Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Michigan Capitol Confidential reports with a free-market news perspective.


The new iPhone 11 are now ready for battle, tomorrow they appear at the Apple Campus in Cupertino and in case you wonder what is rumored around you, our iPadizate companions have already collected all their details before a keynote that this year is expected much more interesting than that of previous exercises.
And in fact, Apple is now playing against a much fiercer and prepared competitionWell, the truth is that the lack of important news to work on smartphone industry has gotten that the level rises in all sections in the most noble range of the Android platform.
In our podcast Connecting we analyzed the arrival of the new iPhone 11 a couple of days ago, but we didn't want to stay there and let's anticipate the keynote of presentation with an analysis of the features that Apple needs to implement now If you want to win the battle against a high-end Android that in many ways is already ahead.
What do the new iPhone need to win the battle against Android?
Always On Display for your OLED screen
Now that there is no discussion about panel technology, which must be OLED, the Cupertino firm needs to take advantage of its greatest advantage by incorporating a native implementation of functionality Always On Display, option that is already almost a standard among the high-end Android.
For me an essential, as for many users, that surprised that Apple has not taken the iPhone at least since the adoption of OLED technology.
Fingerprint reader on screen
Well, if the OLED adoption You should bring an AOD mode to the iPhone to have an hour, battery, notifications or musical control at a glance even with the screen off, the truth is that this technology is also precisely what makes it possible integrate a fingerprint reader under the panel that Android has already demonstrated a more than acceptable operation.
The high-end on the Google platform already implements it in its entirety, and in general they work well. They save space in the front but are in the most comfortable position, They are intuitive, and faster and more reliable than any face detection however much 3D mapping and infrared beams are used.
48 megapixel sensors on an iPhone?
It is true that the figures do not denote quality and that uploading megapixels does not imply better photographs, but the truth is that staying at 12 MP when Sony has long since place almost any popular 48 MP Exmor RS It sounds almost strange on a smartphone that wants to be the reference.
We do not believe that Apple will adopt the 48 megapixels, but it is certainly a resetable point that can already be enjoyed on Android and where Apple could try to grow.
Let's talk about batteries: more autonomous, USB-C, fast charging, …
Whether or not the iPhone 11 will be the first to adopt the standard USB Type-C we will know tomorrow, but the truth is that it will be great news for everyone who did, except of course for the pockets of an Apple that will lose the income from licenses of its conectr Lightning.
Saving space and cables is not balad, and Apple already placed USB-C on its new iPad Pro, why not trust? In addition, it does missing a fast charger included in the sales package of a mobile that costs more than 1,000 euros. The Cupertino should stop being a few tacaos on this from now …
This fast charge should also accompany you wireless charging, and if Apple stretched a lot, surely the reversible wireless charging It will be a good incentive to buy new compatible AirPods.
Finally, Every year we talk about the autonomous of some iPhone that are certainly still behind some top-of-the-range smartphones on Android, and here Apple should show improvements either in the software or in quantity of milliamps-hour.
Follow the live keynote Apple, here we leave the streaming official on YouTube
It is the first that Apple broadcast live and direct one of its famous presentations through YouTube, so for those who want to take advantage of the streaming Here we leave you the direct link to the video:
And you, what do you expect from the new iPhone? What would you put on Apple's new smartphones to ensure the forefront?
In Andro4all | New iPhone, and now what?
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After last year causing controversy within the LGBT community with the record Wish You Were Gay, pop star Billie Eilish was named in January as the artist to perform the title track for the new James Bond movie, No Time To Die - and the song was released at midnight.
The 18-year-old singer, who was just four years old when current Bond actor Daniel Craig first starred as British secret service agent 007, is the youngest artist in history to write and record a theme tune for the 58-year-old franchise.
Eilish was at the centre of controversy last year when she released the single Wish You Were Gay, a song about unrequited love for a boy. The track includes the lyric, “I can't tell you how much I wish I didn't wanna stay/ I just kinda wish you were gay”. A number of her LGBT fans reacted badly to the song, claiming that Eilish was queerbaiting her audience with its title, fetishising gay men and using them as props in order to get a guy that she likes.
Responding to the criticism in an interview with PopBuzz, Eilish said: “First off, I want to be so clear that it's so not supposed to be an insult. I feel like it's been a little bit misinterpreted. I tried so hard to not make it in any way offensive.
“The whole idea of the song is, it's kind of a joke. It's kind of like, ‘I'm an ass and you don't love me. And you don't love me because you don't love me and that's the only reason and I wish you didn't love me because you didn't love girls’."
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