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On Sept. 27, 2021, ImagineIF Library Trustee David Ingram sent out emails to other trustees, as well as the Flathead County commissioners, with a link to a video from a Virginia school board meeting.
The meeting was about two controversial queer-themed books in the school library, “Lawn Boy” by Jonathan Evison and “Gender Queer” by Maia Kobabe, which have made headlines and spurred politically charged discussions about their removal from public libraries nationwide.
In his email, Ingram warned that ImagineIF’s collection included both titles, telling the trustees he was “sure it will lead to further discussion,” while advising the commissioners he intended to review the collection development policy “in the near future” in light of the national debate.
Commissioner Randy Brodehl responded that he supported actions to “fix this.”
No complaints about either title had yet been made by members of the reading public.
Around the same time, interim ImagineIF Director Martha Furman circulated an internal memo addressing the national controversy surrounding the books before ultimately deciding to wait until a formal challenge was issued to send it out to the public.
Days after Ingram first sent the Virginia school board video to trustees, his colleague on the board, Doug Adams, exchanged emails with both Ingram and the board’s chair, Heidi Roedel, about the books.
“It’s my sincere hope that someone files a complaint about these two books,” Adams wrote. “If those books get removed, and I believe they will, it’s really gonna tick [interim director] Martha off. I think we’d be wise to play ‘what if’… What if Martha resigns before we have a new director, who would we put in charge?”
“Regarding the possible resignation, that may be the opportunity to ‘temporarily’ have a manager with straight business experience hold things together as we had discussed,” Ingram responded. “MSL [Montana State Library] would not be happy.”
“I think we need to get rid of those 2 books,” Adams replied. “It’ll stoke the … fire.”
The exchange is based on emails between trustees, county commissioners and library personnel over the past year, which the Beacon obtained through a series of public records requests. In some instances, the communications between appointed public officials betray an ulterior motive shared by several board members, who characterized their positions, as well as their reason for seeking them, as being more about changing the library’s governing policies than serving as trustees of a community resource. As a result, morale has plummeted within the public library’s leadership ranks as ImagineIF struggles to recruit and retain a qualified director, having lost both its previous director and interim director to resignations in just six months.
Most recently, the board moved forward with hiring a new library director who does not meet Montana’s public library standards for a community the size of the Flathead Valley. The decision was made despite concerns expressed by staff, the ImagineIF Library Foundation and members of the public, and will result in a loss of more than $35,000 in annual funding from the state. The contentious vote means that out of 82 libraries in the state, ImagineIF will be one of just four that are not certified, according to Montana State Librarian Jennie Stapp, and the only non-certified library serving a community larger than 4,000 residents.
When ImagineIF received the formal challenges for the two books in October, professional library staff began an official review of the material in order to make a recommendation to the trustees, all of whom were required to read the book.
In early December, trustees Ingram, Adams and Roedel exchanged emails about how to handle the challenge, including a suggestion to remove all graphic novels as a genre category, as “Gender Queer” is a graphic novel, asking whether other graphic novels in the collection are “infantile” or “vulgar.”
Anticipating the possibility of litigation over the removal of books from ImagineIF’s collection, Adams and Ingram brainstormed ideas to avoid a lawsuit, public records indicate, including the possibility of creating a restricted section of the library to house the titles, as well as voting to retain the books “as long as we make a big deal that ‘intellectual freedom’ has made us slaves to ALA [American Library Association] philosophy and that we’ve been neutered,” according to Adams. “That would give us justification for changing the policy.” The two trustees also expressed their dislike of the collection development webinar provided by the Montana State Library for trustees, with Adams calling the person who led the presentation an “idiot” and both expressed a desire to find a Christian library resource to guide them. In a follow-up statement to the Beacon, Ingram said he would look at “any policy language that provided guidance” on protecting minors without interfering with adult access.
A month before the book challenge was publicly discussed by the board, Adams told trustees he had rewritten the collection policy, which he has called vague and disingenuous, ignoring the standard procedure of letting staff, a director or a chosen committee draft the policy.
The trustee manual set forth by the Montana State Library includes guidelines on collection management policy and handling complaints, stating that trustees should, as a rule, defend the right to read.
“As a trustee, you should officially adopt and support the ALA Bill of Rights and Freedom to Read statement,” according to the manual, which also instructs trustees to defend the existing selection policy during a challenge. In an interview with the Beacon, Adams said he should not be required to defend a policy he doesn’t agree with, and since last summer he has stated his intention to disassociate ImagineIF from the ALA, as well as the Montana Library Association.
On Jan. 13, the five-member board unanimously voted to retain “Lawn Boy,” but in a 3-2 decision indefinitely suspended discussion on “Gender Queer,” with plans to revisit the issue after the ImagineIF policies were changed to allow for removal.
According to Jennie Stapp, the state librarian, there is no precedent in Montana for a library board to change its collection development policy in the wake of a book challenge, and especially not in the midst of one.
Even if the policy is changed so that removal of the books no longer constitutes a violation of library policy, Stapp said there may be grounds for a lawsuit if a group or individual believes the board is engaging in censorship and violating First Amendment rights.
In an email, Adams described the current library policy as an obstacle to achieving his overarching goal.
“I’d love to rewrite the policies so that we can do our jobs unfettered,” Adams stated. “Then I’d be willing to take on a lawsuit.”
Library staff have stated concerns about the direction of the library board dating back several years, coinciding with the appointment of Roedel, the current chair, in 2018 and the subsequent appointments of Doug Adams in 2019 and Dave Ingram in 2021, all of whom were appointed against the recommendation of longtime sitting board members but at the behest of county commissioners.
ImagineIF Trustee Connie Leistiko, a former teacher, attorney and law school dean, has served on the board since 2008, and was reappointed twice. Her tenure ends this year.
Marsha Sultz, who along with Leistiko has been in the minority of most split-board votes over the last year, has served on the board since 2017. She previously worked both at ImagineIF and at the Flathead High School library.
“This library has become an absolute jewel of this community, an asset that you can’t put a price on,” Leistiko said at a recent board meeting. “To have new people come on the board and think they get to start all over again, it’s very upsetting to me.”
According to Adams, two different county commissioners requested he apply for the library board over the years, but it wasn’t until he found himself upset over the way the board handled a controversial children’s book, “Prince and Knight,” that he put his name forward. Adams said the people responsible for reading the book during storytime should be fired and in his application he stated the board had lost its objectivity and neutrality.
At a county commission meeting in 2019 to appoint a new board member, numerous people spoke in favor of reappointing incumbent member and board chair Michael Morton, including the library director, foundation president, and three trustees.
Commissioner Brodehl expressed his displeasure that those who spoke in favor of Morton did not speak about the other candidates.
“It’s important we appoint board members who we believe represent the citizens of Flathead County,” he said. “We shouldn’t base our decision on the desires of the board.”
Adams was appointed unanimously. Ingram was appointed last year to replace award-winning trustee Al Logan and has stated in emails he is “less concerned about ‘learning to be a trustee’ instead of taking care of business.”
A main business of the trustees is crafting the library’s budget, which is ultimately approved by the county commissioners. The current budget has essentially remained flat for the past six years, despite a rapidly growing population and tax base in the county, as well as a higher cost of living, making it difficult to attract and retain qualified staff.
ImagineIF staff salaries account for roughly 65% of expenditures and have increased every year for the last decade due to cost of living adjustments and step increases that are decided at the county level. However, local tax revenue has not kept pace with staffing costs. From FY18 to FY19, staffing costs grew by more than $32,000, while allotted tax revenue decreased by nearly $65,000. Through the current fiscal year, local tax revenue still falls short of FY17 numbers, while salary costs have risen 12%.
As the largest budget line, trustee Adams homed in on salaries as the most effective way to trim the library’s budget. He’s led the charge to reclassify vacant staff salaries, and has expressed a desire to freeze all current salaries. In August, Adams pushed for lowering the director’s salary, which was set by a previous trustee board at a starting salary of $84,552. Adams attempted to reduce the salary by $25,000 before settling for a nearly $10,000 cut, against the advice of the former interim director and the county Human Resources Director Tammy Skramovsky, who cited the difficult hiring climate, the increased cost of living and the salaries of equivalent library positions as reasons not to slash the pay.
Skramovsky told the Beacon it was the first time she could recall that a director level salary was lowered against the recommendation of the county’s Human Resources Department.
In September 2021, the board also voted to lower the vacated children’s librarian position salary by 11%, and opted against filling an open cataloguer position, instead directing those salary savings toward increasing wages for the materials handlers.
“The reality is the community has not really paid for the level of service that we’ve been providing over the years and there is going to be a pinch,” Furman told the library’s trustees shortly before her departure.
Revolving Director Door
On top of the underlying board tension is a visible loss of longtime staff over the last year. Four librarians holding professional degrees have left their positions at ImagineIF in favor of new jobs at different libraries, including former director Connie Behe, who resigned last summer after the board decided to renew her contract. Behe attributed her departure, in part, to hostility from both trustees and county commissioners, including heavy-handed reminders that they control both funding and the makeup of the board. She also expressed frustration at the disrespect for professional librarians, feeling her own expertise was continually disregarded and her character vilified in the public sphere.
Upon Behe’s departure, assistant director Martha Furman stepped up as interim director, but said even before she took the position that she detected hints of trouble with the board, including hesitation around her promotion to assistant director and sentiments among trustees that library staff was overpaid.
In discussions over hiring a new director, Furman’s express warnings against removing the requirement of holding a master’s degree in library science (MLS) and lowering the salaries were ignored by the trustees’ majority, who offered their own preferred requirements.
“A director without any agenda except customer service would be great,” wrote trustee Ingram, while Roedel and Adams expressed the need to hire someone willing to make their desired policy changes happen.
Furman resigned after four months.
“I reached a point where I thought no one would want to do this job,” Furman said in an interview. “In the 15 years I was there, worked in library leadership and attended board meetings, I’ve never seen a board behave like that. In every circumstance their plan was to go around me in ways that were intimidating and felt harassing. To be interim director and be faced with such blatant disregard for public library philosophy and board protocol was unreasonably stressful and a hostile environment.”
Furman’s resignation sparked an overwhelming public response, with community members writing letters to the editor and contacting trustees with their concerns.
“We can lament the loss of qualified and passionate employees, but employees don’t get to dictate to their bosses how to run a company or an organization,” Adams wrote in a response to a community member. “Unfortunately, I think this is what has gone on for many years, and the end result is they’re used to running the show unfettered and resent actually having to follow the real chain of command.”
The board’s actions complicated its months-long search for a new director.
“In complete transparency, the feedback so far has been pretty negative,” a representative from the firm hired to conduct the search for a new library director told the board in October. “Usually I get a flurry of interested applicants upon launching the recruitment, but I have yet to receive one follow-up from anyone.”
“The board is truly out of touch with what a qualified library professional is worth,” wrote one potential candidate contacted by the hiring firm. “Keep me in mind if you come across any other director vacancies at libraries where boards value their employees.”
The search ended with 11 prospective applicants; however, all applicants who held an MLS or equivalent degree later withdrew or were eliminated.
On Dec. 10, 2021, the hiring committee, which included trustees Roedel and Ingram, as well as ImagineIF Library Foundation board member Susan Burch, was scheduled to interview several candidates. In the week leading up to the interview, five of the six candidates rated highest by the hiring firm withdrew their names from consideration. Neither of the eventual finalists made the initial cut for an interview and were considered unqualified by the screening committee. However, both were added to the interview pool along with two other passed-over candidates in order to continue moving forward.
“This is a failed search,” Burch wrote in an email. “To conduct interviews with four individuals that we already decided were not qualified is a mistake. Scraping through rejected applicants is not the kind of director search our award-winning libraries deserve.”
Ingram and Roedel agreed in emails that the candidates were not competitive and did not have the desired qualities, but the committee moved forward with the interviews.
After the full trustee board interviewed three finalist candidates, they invited two of them for site visits in January, after which the board hired Ashley Cummins, despite the concerns of senior staff, the foundation director and the majority of public comment. Trustees Adams, Ingram and Roedel have all said that bringing on a director in a timely manner was a better option than spending time and money on another search that wouldn’t guarantee a more qualified candidate.
The vote to hire Cummins as the new director was a 3-2 decision, with Lestiko and Sultz voting in opposition. Stapp, the state librarian, says hiring a director without reaching a consensus is not recommended, and the “process of trying to reach consensus is almost more important than outcome of the final decision.”
Due to Cummins not holding an MLS degree, ImagineIF will no longer qualify as a certified library by the Montana State Library under the Administrative Rules of Montana (ARM) that state that the director of a library serving more than 25,000 people must have “a graduate degree in library or information science, or its equivalent.”
During the board meeting, Stapp explained the consequence of the decision to the trustees. When board chair Roedel asked if a hardship waiver could be obtained to keep the funding intact, Stapp responded that it was public record that the trustees were making the decision in full knowledge of the consequences. “The library will miss out on that state aid,” Stapp said.
Brodehl, who as a county commissioner oversees the library’s budget, disagrees with this interpretation of the law and said he has spoken to both Stapp and the governor’s office, asking them to reach out to MSL for clarification.
“The director of any agency doesn’t work in a silo,” Brodehl said. “We already have two staff that have their master’s in library science. If you take a cumulative look at the director and add in the components of the great staff we have‚ I believe the state library director has the authority to use that leadership group as an equivalent for the standard. That’s money that was appropriated by the state legislature to be spent in local libraries.”
The state aid funding is appropriated by the Montana Legislature to the State Library Commission for distribution; however, ARM regulates how it is distributed to the certified libraries.
“ARM does not give the state librarian the authority to make equivalency exceptions,” Stapp wrote in an email. “That other staff may hold similar degrees does not meet the standard and there is no allowance for this exception in ARM.”
The Jan. 6 meeting to discuss hiring the new director began with the three trustees initially denying senior librarian Sean Anderson and ImagineIF Foundation Director Charlotte Housel a seat at the table with the board members, defying years of standard meeting procedure.
After the meeting ended, an emotional Anderson and equally upset Housel unloaded on trustees over months of poor behavior and decision making.
“It is demoralizing to staff. It is, whether you want to believe it or not,” Anderson said. “I am working with these people and communicating with these people. It is damaging to us.”
“You say ‘to my knowledge none of the staff have quit because of any of my actions,’ like you’re challenging them. Do you really want that? That’s an ugly, ugly exchange that will make it hard to hire anyone,” Housel said to Adams. “It’s been said by three out of four senior staff members who left in the last year.”
“I reject that opinion,” Adams responded.
Anderson pointed to staff reports by Behe, the former director, and Furman, the former interim director, as well as former children’s librarian Ellie Newell, all three of whom explicitly cited problems with the board.
“How much more documentation do you need?” Anderson asked. “Do you need it in the public sphere? Do you need it in a letter to the editor detailing why the board is running directors and leadership out of the library? Because that does not help staff, that does not help the library, that does not help the foundation carry out a capital campaign.”
“I agree with you that it’s not working,” Adams said. “From my perspective I see both foundation and staff as utterly unwilling to work with us, and that’s where it went with [interim director] Martha.”
Board chair Roedel has expressed similar sentiments about library personnel’s unwillingness to work with the board. In a text thread obtained by the Beacon, Roedel pressed the county’s human resources director about options to temporarily close the library and lay off the entire staff.
Asked about the conversation, Roedel said she posed the question as a worst-case hypothetical about whether the library could function without a director.
“I didn’t want to go in that direction, but I’m going to ask that question,” Roedel said. “Certainly, I would not want any more staff to quit. I’m totally impressed that we can go as long as we have without a director and it’s because the staff knows their jobs so well. I might have just been having a bad day.”
For ImagineIF staff, the trustees’ sentiment underscores what they already view as the board’s lack of support.
“You keep saying, help the board, help the board,” Housel told Adams at last month’s meeting. “I want the board to help the library and the foundation to solve some of these issues.”
“It sounds like the only solution is for the board to do what they’re told to do by the foundation and staff,” Adams responded. “I would submit to you that for the past 15 years that is exactly what has happened. So the first time that you have a board that actually says ‘let’s go this direction’ it’s met with nothing but resistance.”
For Anderson, the library’s reputation has been built on a record of cooperation and trust between staff and the trustees — a trust that has been damaged.
“There’s plaques on the walls for trustee of the year,” Anderson responded. “The state trustee award is named after an ImagineIF trustee specifically because this board historically has worked in very, very close collaboration with library staff and with the foundation and that is broken now.”
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LAS VEGAS — A judge on Thursday denied bail to an elected official charged with murder in the death of investigative journalist Jeff German, who was stabbed multiple times outside his home over the weekend of the Labor Day in what authorities described as a retaliatory killing.
“It’s quite chilling,” Justice of the Peace Elana Graham said, “that the defendant’s DNA would have been recovered from the hands of the victim, presumably during the time he was fighting for his life.”
Robert Telles, the outgoing Clark County public administrator, was arrested at his home on Wednesday after a standoff that dragged on for several hours into the evening as police locked down his neighborhood in west Las Vegas and additional emergency resources from across the valley responded, including SWAT and K-9 units and medical personnel.
After he refused to leave his home and surrender, police eventually entered the house and took Telles into custody, according to a new police report obtained by USA Today Network on Thursday. He was taken to an area hospital after his arrest for treatment for “superficial injuries” to his arms, and then held in a jail in downtown Las Vegas.
Telles is expected to be formally charged next week at an arraignment hearing on one count of murder with a deadly weapon.
Defense attorney Travis Shetler told the judge on Thursday that he plans to argue for a bail reduction at next week’s hearing. Shetler did not immediately respond to a request for comment regarding the allegations against his client.
Arms bandaged and shackled at the wrists, Telles stood behind his attorney in a basement courtroom the day after his arrest, the two separated by a glass partition. Throughout the hearing, Telles held a glazed look at the judge as Chief Assistant District Attorney Richard Scow detailed the violent crime – and German’s ties to the suspect.
German was stabbed at least seven times outside his home on Sept. 2, Scow said, by an assailant dressed in an orange work shirt with reflective strips and a straw hat.
But beneath those layers of clothing, Scow said, was a man “lashing out at the cause of the collapse of his life.”
Telles, a married father of three, had been the subject of critical reporting earlier this year by German, a longtime Nevada journalist known for his stories exposing government corruption and political scandals.
German’s reporting exposed an allegedly hostile work environment at the Clark County Public Administrator’s office plagued by intimidation and retaliation under Telles’ leadership.
The stories, which were published by the Las Vegas Review-Journal, where German worked for decades, also revealed an alleged “inappropriate relationship” between Telles and a staff member.
Scow, the prosecutor, said Thursday that the suspect’s career and marriage ended after allegations shared with German by the suspect’s current and former employees became public.
Amid the fallout, Clark County voters rejected Telles, who was running for re-election, in the Nevada primary election in June. He lost his Democratic primary to his second in command, Rita Reid.
Authorities also revealed Thursday that at the time of the attack, Telles was upset because he had recently discovered “there was an additional report” by German “which was pending.”
When Telles was escorted away by officers after the judge’s decision, District Attorney Steve Wolfson slipped out of the courtroom gallery to speak to reporters.
“This is a very, very tragic event for a number of reasons,” Wolfson said, as “a respected journalist lost his life in a very brutal and meaningless way.”
He declined to speculate whether prosecutors would seek the death penalty – a decision he said would be made months later “if at all”.
But, when asked if prosecutors had a strong case against Telles, Wolfson said the evidence, particularly the DNA results, was “very compelling”.
This forensic evidence is what led police to close in on Telles as the prime suspect in what has been described by authorities as a “very fluid and dynamic” investigation.
“This has been an unusual case from the start,” Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo told reporters hours earlier when Las Vegas police held their own news conference.
In the days after German’s death, police said it appeared the knife attack was carried out by someone calling on the neighborhood to “commit more crimes.”
It’s a theory authorities insisted on even in the 24 hours before the arrest – until early Wednesday.
At around 7 a.m., officers descended on Telles’ two-story home near Sahara Avenue and Fort Apache Road to execute search warrants — driven there, in part, by anonymous tipsters who noticed a GMC Yukon Denali outside the house shortly after police released. public a description and photo of the vehicle believed to be linked to the murder.
There in the driveway that morning, according to police, sat a maroon 2007 GMC Yukon Denali with chrome detailing, a sunroof and a roof rack, like the vehicle shown in surveillance footage.
Police searched the nearly 3,000 square foot home for more than six hours on Wednesday before packing up around 2 p.m. and towing the GMC away.
Telles, an attorney, had voluntarily spoken with detectives during the search, authorities confirmed Thursday morning. But they stopped short of divulging what Telles shared in the interview.
Detectives dropped Telles off at his home in an unmarked white sedan shortly after investigators completed their search. Dressed in an oversized white jumpsuit, Telles rushed inside and, for a moment, it looked like ongoing police activity in the neighborhood had come to a halt for the day.
But during that quiet window, according to Lombardo and Wolfson, authorities were awaiting forensic test results to obtain an arrest warrant.
The police returned around 4 p.m., warrant in hand, hoping that Telles would turn himself in.
An officer approached the blue front door and knocked.
He tried again, shouting through the door: “Subway police!
No answer. When that failed, officers emerged from marked and unmarked cars dotted around the neighborhood, and the hours-long standoff unfolded.
Rio Lacanlale is the Las Vegas correspondent for the Reno Gazette Journal and the USA Today Network. Contact her at [email protected] or on Twitter @riolacanlale. Support local journalism by subscribing to RGJ today.

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Health & Wellness Experts Are In Love With This Next-Generation Herb
In the opinion of the late Dr. Sebi, wild Sarsaparilla can deal with almost all skin infections. Let it be Psoriasis, Eczema, or Herpes infection - the Sarsaparilla plant is capable of treating all of them. Evidence suggests that this medicinal plant kills the herpes virus and blocks the mechanism that supports its replication.
Maverick Garcia is one of the few MDs in our organization with expertise in healing chronic ailments. He has been a part of the National Herpes Research Institute for more than 15 years. He backs healthy, plant-based eating. Mr. Garcia loves folk music and traveling through the night.
It is no longer a secret that the herbs from nature play a key role in making human health optimal & disease-free. They have the possession of important medicinal & restorative constituents that grant you the ability to avoid deadly ailments better. In addition, people from around the globe use herbs to prevent many killer illnesses.
We’ve picked one such kind of herb that, according to science, has divine therapeutic blessings. We’re speaking about the Sarsaparilla benefits. Dr. Sebi and the latest scientific evidence demonstrate its use in various health complaints, including the Herpes Virus. Let me educate you more about Sarsaparilla & what is Sarsaparilla good for.
What Is Sarsaparilla?
Sarsaparilla is a woody plant mainly grown in the many tropical areas of the world. This plant is native to Jamaica, Honduras (Dr. Sebi Born Here), The Caribbean, South America, West Indies, and Mexico. Some traces of the Sarsaparilla plantation can also be found in the South Asian region, predominantly in the Indian Subcontinent.
Indigenous people have used wild Sarsaparilla root for centuries to treat different ailments. They honor its incredible medicinal benefits. The Sarsaparilla plant has even registered itself as a herb in the United States to treat Syphilis. Several clinical trials advocate its use in preventing Cancer and reversing many skin infections.
Dr. Sebi, who passed away in 2016, used this plant to cure Herpes, Cancer, Lupus, and many other chronic disorders. In one of his interviews, Dr. Sebi remarked that wild Sarsaparilla is abundant in Iron, which attracts every mineral to it. We are documenting some incredible benefits of the Sarsaparilla plant that, according to science, are proven.
Top 8 Sarsaparilla Root Benefits
#1 Efficacious Against Skin Infections
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy released a study to deliver information about the potency of Sarsaparilla root for Psoriasis treatment. The researchers discovered from this analysis that the Sarsaparilla plant has Astilbin in excess, a viable substance for treating Psoriasis, and Astilbin inhibits the lesion developed by Psoriasis.
In the opinion of the late Dr. Sebi, wild Sarsaparilla can deal with almost all skin infections. Let it be Psoriasis, Eczema, or Herpes infection – the Sarsaparilla plant is capable of treating all of them. Evidence suggests that this medicinal plant kills the herpes virus and blocks the mechanism that supports its replication.
Health practitioners use organic Sarsaparilla root to treat Syphilis in the United States. In a study, Sarsaparilla also yielded vital antioxidant activities that lower oxidative stress to a considerable extent.
It has immense iron content in it – suitable for the nourishment of your skin cells. Wild Sarsaparilla, once examined by Korean researchers, found that it has properties that can hinder the advancement of aging & make your skin healthier.
#2 Provides Protection From Cancer
Cancer is a leading cause of death across the globe – WHO estimates over 10 million death cases in 2020 alone. Recently Nick Cannon’s five-month-old child died of Brain Cancer – BBC reports. This briefs us that not even a newborn is not safe from Cancer-causing deaths. Therefore, taking measures to prevent Cancer is required & is the need of the time. The good news is – you can drastically downsize your risk of Cancer with the Sarsaparilla supplement.
Many studies have conclusively documented that the Sarsaparilla herb has strong antitumor activities. Its active constituents do not allow Cancer cells to disseminate to other body parts. This study helps us understand that many active compounds (Astilbin, Apigenin, Taxifolin, and Alkaloids) of Sarsaparilla have chemopreventive functions that stop Cancer cells from developing.
In this study, the Sarsaparilla root destroyed the liver cancer cells. The Sarsaparilla plant also protects the liver from various liver damage. Here we must note that Dr. Sebi has long identified the therapeutic benefits of Sarsaparilla root for Cancer treatment, and the science has recently substantiated Dr. Sebi’s observation.
#3 Treats Arthritis | Sarsaparilla Benefits
Arthritis can cause serious inflammation with sharp pain in your joints. It is often annoying to live with this inflammatory condition. You may find it problematic to complete your daily task, or even walking can be difficult. It may also restrict you to a bed where physical activities are absent.
Conventional drugs may not be the proper antidote for Arthritis because when you stop eating them, the inflammation and pain may again appear. Moreover, western medication prompts extreme side effects, and you don’t want to be with them.
If you choose a holistic approach to controlling Arthritis, you probably win the race and better control Arthritis. Jamaican Sarsaparilla & Indian Sarsaparilla roots carry some potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Wild Sarsaparilla root offers immense relief in pain and inflammation induced by Rheumatoid Arthritis. Sarsaparilla root herb is also helpful in Gout, Joint pain, Lupus, & Psoriatic Arthritis.
#4 Sarsaparilla Is A Great Synergist
Dr. Sebi noticed that Sarsaparilla helps the body absorb more nutrients from herbal supplements and that the abundance of Iron attracts all minerals to it. Dr. Sebi then used Sarsaparilla in various herbal preparations to increase their bioavailability. He mainly used Sarsaparilla for Herpes infection and to treat Cancer.
Now Sarsaparilla is a scientifically proven herb that acts as a “Synergist”. Probably, Saponin is an active compound that increases bioavailability. So the next time, don’t fail to add some Sarsaparilla root extract to your herbal supplement.
#5 Prevents Liver Diseases | Sarsaparilla Benefits
The Scientist’s community sees Sarsaparilla benefits in liver disorders as well. They have definitive evidence that the Sarsaparilla root protects the liver from different ailments. It flaunted a robust hepatoprotective action, repairing the liver tissues and making them healthy. This study also concludes that it can reverse the hepatic damage and thwart the further progression of liver diseases.
Many analyses are still in progress to determine other benefits of Sarsaparilla root. Many think that it may have side effects. But this is not the case, however. According to scientists, Sarsaparilla side effects do not exist unless you eat them in large portions.
How To Consume Sarsaparilla Safely?
Sarsaparilla comes in very different forms. You can consume all forms of Sarsaparilla herb to reap the benefits. Many people use Sarsaparilla leaves and its root to make Sarsaparilla tea. You can have sips of it every morning and evening.
Besides Sarsaparilla tea, you can orally take Sarsaparilla root powder, or Sarsaparilla leaves powder with lukewarm water. To add some sweetness, put manuka honey into the water.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Sarsaparilla does not contain any alcohol; hence The straightforward answer is a BIG NO. However, a commercially available Sarsaparilla drink is alcoholic, but this drink does not contain Sarsaparilla.
From the common cold to Cancer treatment, this potent herb has broad potential in treating many diseases. It underpins your immunity and makes you less vulnerable to many diseases, and it is a very effective supplement to prohibit Psoriasis flare-ups.
Different sarsaparillas may have different tastes; hence it depends on what Sarsaparilla type you are using. Some may mimic the taste like Licorice root, others may taste like wintergreen. Indian Sarsaparilla has a unique taste than other variants of Sarsaparilla plants.
Many people ask me – where can I buy Sarsaparilla. Buying Sarsaparilla root online can be tricky because many people will purchase the wrong one. I recommend you to buy Sarsaparilla root from here. They provide Raw herbs if you wish, or you can buy Sarsaparilla powder. You may also choose to buy it from a health store near you. The choice is yours. Here is another link you can wish to buy Sarsaparilla root powder.

domain: medical


SEC Media Days: Day 3 capsules
Published: Thursday, July 18, 2013 at 5:00 p.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, July 18, 2013 at 5:11 p.m.
Coach: Les Miles, ninth season (113-42 overall, 85-21 at LSU).
Last year's record: 10-3 overall, 6-2 in the SEC (T-2nd in the West). Lost to Clemson 25-24 in the Chick-fil-A Bowl.
Fans' expectations: The Tigers had Alabama down late in last season's game in Baton Rouge, but let the Tide off the hook. That won't happen this season. The rebuilding Tigers will take down Alabama in Tuscaloosa and roll to the division title. Zach Mettenberger has starred coming into his own at quarterback and the young Tigers will be fast and athletic — and dominant — on defense.
Realistic expectations: This LSU team has more question marks than any in perhaps the past five years. Mettenberger still lacks consistency in the passing game, tailback Jeremy Hill is in limbo with his legal issues and the Tigers must replace their entire defensive line and star linebacker Kevin Minter. And the schedule is tough, with LSU having to go to Georgia, Mississippi State, Ole Miss and Alabama. The Tigers have been picked to finish third in the West, which seems about right.
Quotable: “We're looking forward to the challenge, to be honest. Our culture is, bring it on. It's what we do. We look forward to lining up against the best in the East and the best in the West. I like us in any game.”
— Les Miles
Coach: Mark Richt, 13th season (118-40, all at Georgia).
Last year's record: 12-2 overall, 7-1 in the SEC (T-2nd in the East). Defeated Nebraska 45-31 in the Capital One Bowl.
Fans' expectations: After coming up only yards short of beating Alabama in last season's SEC Championship Game, the 'Dogs will finish the job in Atlanta this December, knocking out the Tide and advancing to the BCS Championship Game. Led by quarterback Aaron Murray and tailback Todd Gurley, the offense will be unstoppable. The defense is young and inexperienced, but the Bulldogs are fast and athletic, and coordinator Todd Grantham will put the players in a position to make plays.
Realistic expectations: Georgia will have one of the most potent offenses in the nation, one that should pile up huge numbers, especially by Murray. But the reality is, Murray and the 'Dogs have had problems consistently moving the ball against the league's better defenses. The early schedule is tough, with games against Clemson, South Carolina and LSU in the first four weeks. The young defense could be very good, or very average.
Quotable: “I think our team is one that has a lot of questions. Because of the questions, it's created a lot of excitement. It's created a lot of energy.” — Mark Richt
Coach: Nick Saban, seventh season (169-72-1 overall, 63-13 at Alabama).
Last year's record: 13-1 overall, 7-1 in the SEC (1st in the West). Defeated Notre Dame 42-14 in the BCS Championship Game.
Fans' expectations: Alabama had only one misstep last season on its way to a national title, losing to Texas A&M in Tuscaloosa. There will be no missteps this season. The Crimson Tide have shown the past two seasons that it has the players and the coaching, and that when it is focused and ready to play, Alabama is unbeatable. Quarterback AJ McCarron could have a Heisman Trophy-like season and he's surrounded by dynamic skill players. Nick Saban's defense will be like it always is — among the strongest in the nation.
Realistic expectations: Alabama has to do some rebuilding on both lines of scrimmage, but the Tide have the talent on the roster to be just as strong up front as it was the past two championship seasons. If Alabama wins at A&M on Sept. 14, the Tide are looking at a 12-0 regular season. The weapons are there on offense (McCarron, wide receiver Amari Cooper and running back T.J. Yeldon) and the defense will be strong. And then there's the Saban factor.
Quotable: “I read and I hear how you all make predictions on what's going to happen in the season. It seems almost a little crazy to predict what's going to happen. I think it's crazy to speculate.” — Nick Saban
Coach: James Franklin, third season (15-11, all at Vanderbilt).
Last year's record: 9-4 overall, 5-3 in the SEC (4th in the East). Defeated North Carolina State 38-24 in the Music City Bowl.
Fans' expectations: The team that went so long without making it to a bowl game now expects to go every year. This season is no different. The Commodores return 14 starters from last year's nine-win season and Vandy has gotten consistently stronger on both lines of scrimmage the past two seasons. Jordan Matthews is a big-time receiver, there's lots of potential at tailback and the defense should be sound.
Realistic expectations: The Commodores have no experience at quarterback, little experience at tailback and some questions on both lines of scrimmage. Vandy has improved each season under Franklin, who has worked wonders, but it's doubtful this team can match last season's nine-win total with a question mark at quarterback.
Quotable: “(Austyn Carta-Samuels), he's a great quarterback. I've said it before, I think he's going to be one of the best quarterbacks in this conference by season's end.” — Senior All-SEC wide receiver Jordan Matthews.
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With a soundtrack sound that has you feeling like you are just about to witness a vitally epic scene in a new Dwayne Johnson movie, EX1MUS has us clenching our jaws tight and taking on any battle that we need to emerge victorious in with the inspirational ‘Valour‘.
EX1MUS (pronounced “eximus”) is a Western Europe-born, California-based indie genre-defying act that strives to make music that is free from unwarranted societal expectations.
”Their music blends elements of orchestral, choral, rock, and electronic music, but is ultimately unconstrained in style and instrumentation.” ~ EX1MUS
As they bring us strength through the speakers with a mighty effort that is absolutely spellbinding, EX1MUS have our minds in awe and sensing like anything is actually achievable again.
‘Valour‘ from the magnificent Western Europe-born, Los Angeles, California-based indie outfit EX1MUS, is one of those cinematic experiences that you just turn up loud and close your eyes to. This is a stunning single that is a made-for-movie single – which will surely be in a Hollywood blockbuster film – where it deserves to be. If you are feeling low on confidence and need a natural boost, this is the perfect track to return to former glories.
Reviewed by Llewelyn Screen

domain: artistic


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BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), which may be sporadic or familial, occurs in 1:5000 live births and presents with functional intestinal obstruction secondary to aganglionosis of the hindgut. Germline mutations of theRET proto-oncogene are believed to account for up to 50% of familial cases and up to 30% of isolated cases in most series. However, these series are highly selected for the most obvious and severe cases and large familial aggregations. Population based studies indicate that germline RETmutations account for no more than 3% of isolated HSCR cases. Recently, we and others have noted that specific polymorphic sequence variants, notably A45A (exon 2), are over-represented in isolated HSCR.
PURPOSE In order to determine if it is the variant per se, a combination thereof, or another locus in linkage disequilibrium which predisposes to HSCR, we looked for association of RET haplotype(s) and disease in HSCR cases compared to region matched controls.
METHODS Seven loci acrossRET were typed and haplotypes formed for HSCR cases, their unaffected parents, and region matched controls. Haplotype and genotype frequencies and distributions were compared among these groups using the transmission disequilibrium test and standard case-control statistic.
RESULTS Twelve unique haplotypes, labelled A-L, were obtained. The distributions of haplotypes between cases and controls (χ11 2 =81.4, p<<0.0001) and between cases and non-transmitted parental haplotypes were significantly different (χ2 11=53.1, p<0.0001). Genotypes comprising pairs of haplotypes were formed for cases and controls. There were 38 different genotypes among cases and controls combined. Inspection of the genotypes in these two groups showed that the genotype distribution between cases and controls was distinct (χ37 2=93.8, p<<0.0001). For example, BB, BC, BD, and CD, all of which contain at least one allele with the polymorphic A45A, are prominently represented among HSCR cases, together accounting for >35% of the case genotypes, yet these four genotypes were not represented among the population matched normal controls. Conversely, AA, AG, DD, GG, and GJ, none of which contains A45A, are commonly represented in the controls, together accounting for 43% of the control genotypes, and yet they are never seen among the HSCR cases.
CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that genotypes comprising specific pairs of REThaplotypes are associated with predisposition to HSCR either in a simple autosomal recessive manner or in an additive, dose dependent fashion.
- transmission disequilibrium test
- chromosome 10
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The RET proto-oncogene, on 10q11.2, is a major susceptibility gene for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, MIM 142623), a common disorder occurring in 1 in 5000 live births and characterised by the absence of the intramural ganglia of Meissner and Auerbach in the hindgut, which results in functional intestinal obstruction.1-4 HSCR most commonly presents as isolated cases although it can be familial and may be inherited as an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait, with reduced penetrance and male predominance.1 5 Currently, at least seven related genes are believed to play some aetiological role in the pathogenesis of hereditary syndromic and non-syndromic HSCR.
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in derivatives of the neural crest and neurectoderm.6 7 Gain of function germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), an autosomal dominantly inherited cancer syndrome characterised by medullary thyroid carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism.8 9Interestingly, loss of function germline RETmutations have been found in HSCR.3 4 Depending on the series, up to 50% of familial HSCR cases and anywhere between 10 and 35% of sporadic cases were reported to be accounted for by loss of function germline RETmutations.10-12 However, these series were highly selected, usually for familial cases or severe presentations. The only population based series, however, estimates the frequency of germlineRET mutation in 69 unselected HSCR cases to be 7% and only 3% of isolated HSCR cases in this population based cohort had germline RETmutations.13 Although several other putative HSCR susceptibility genes have been proposed, including those that encode glial cell line derived neurotrophic growth factor (GDNF), one of the ligands forRET,14-16endothelin-317 18 and endothelin receptor-beta (EDNRB),19-24 only germline heterozygous mutations in EDNRB occur in a significant minority of non-syndromic HSCR.22
When HSCR and MEN 2 occur together, the great majority are found to have C620R and C618R mutations.8 25 A single case family segregating both HSCR and MEN 2 was found to harbour a germlineRET C620S mutation, and at the time of original ascertainment, the only subject to have both HSCR and MEN 2 carried a C620S RET mutation and the homozygous sequence polymorphism in exon 2, A45A (c.135G→A).26 Extending this observation in a population based series of isolated HSCR cases from western Andalucia, Spain, we found that the A45A (c.135G→A) sequence variant and L769L (c.2307T→G) (exon 13) were significantly over-represented (p<0.0006) when compared to region matched, race matched normal controls.27 In contrast, two other polymorphisms, G691S (c.2071C→A, exon 11) and S904S (c.2712C→G, exon 15), were under-represented in the HSCR patients compared to controls (p=0.02).27 Interestingly, similar findings were independently obtained in a series of HSCR cases from different population bases, Germany28 and the UK.29Using the same 64 isolated HSCR patients from our previous population based study27 and newly accrued normal parents of these cases, we therefore sought to determine whether distinct germlineRET sequence variant haplotypes could be directly associated with predisposition to HSCR.
Materials and methods
ISOLATED HSCR CASES
The western Andalucia region of Spain is serviced by the University Hospital “Virgen del Rocio” in Seville and is the major referral centre for HSCR, and so all HSCR cases seen at this institution may be considered representative of the population. This study used the first 64 consecutive cases of clinically sporadic HSCR seen at this institution in the first 13.5 months of study, described in detail previously.27
CLINICALLY UNAFFECTED PARENTS OF HSCR CASES AND NORMAL CONTROLS
Near the end of the study period, the unaffected parents of the isolated HSCR cases were recontacted to participate in the research protocol (in accordance with local institutional human protection committee rules). Forty nine parental couples and eight single parents agreed to participate.
Normal controls were unselected, unrelated, race matched subjects from Andalucia without a diagnosis of HSCR and who did not attend the medical genetic, paediatric surgical, or gastroenterological clinics.
Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes from HSCR cases, their clinically unaffected parents or relatives, and normal controls using standard techniques.30 To examine variant status at each of the polymorphic loci withinRET, the appropriateRET amplicon for each of exons 2, 3, 7, 11, 13, 14, and 15 was generated as previously described.25 27 The presence or absence of each polymorphism within each amplicon was assessed by differential restriction digestion with the appropriate enzymes as described,27 31 32 according to the manufacturers' recommendations (Roche Life Technologies and Pharmacia Biotech). The products of restriction digestion were fractionated by electrophoresis through 2% agarose or 6% polyacrylamide gels and visualised under UV transillumination after ethidium bromide staining. When the primers were 5′ labelled with fluorescent dyes, then the restricted amplicons were subjected to electrophoresis through an Alf-Express Automated DNA Sequencer (Pharmacia Biotech).
Allelic frequencies at all seven RETpolymorphic loci were determined and haplotypes formed (table 1). The frequencies of each haplotype were compared between the cases and race matched, region matched, normal controls who were unrelated to the HSCR subjects. Comparisons were performed using χ2 contingency table tests with Yates's correction or (when computationally feasible) Fisher's exact test for tables with small expected cell counts. The criterion for statistical significance was set at α=0.05. Odds ratios with Cornfield 95% confidence intervals were also generated at each haplotype. The asymptotic p values from the transmission disequilibrium tests were supported in each case by exact p values computed via direct evaluation or 10 000 simulations.
Where available, parental haplotypes were examined in the context of the affected children's haplotypes. Transmitted and non-transmitted haplotypes were noted and compared. Statistical analyses and simulations were performed using S-Plus 4.5 (Mathsoft Inc). Stepwise logistic regression was performed using SAS v6.09 (SAS Institute), with entry and retention significance level criteria of 0.05. Although the transmitted haplotypes are matched with non-transmitted haplotypes, unconditional logistic regression was appropriate (chapter 6 of Breslow and Day33) because marginal distributions of the predictors are assumed not to contain information about relative risk.
RET HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS IN HSCR AND UNRELATED CONTROLS
Haplotypes, comprised of variants across seven polymorphic loci in the coding region of RET, could be generated for 62 of the 64 HSCR cases and for 65 of the 104 race matched, region matched controls. Phase was successfully determined for 62 of 64 HSCR cases, 54 parents, and 65 controls. Among the 62 HSCR cases, seven with both parents lost to follow up had their haplotypes inferred from the haplotype compositions of the other subjects. This inference has no effect on the transmission disequilibrium test results, which use only families with informative parents. There were 12 unique haplotypes, labelled A-L, among cases and controls combined (tables 1 and2A). Since recombination events among loci will be extremely rare, the haplotypes are viewed as individual alleles of a single locus. Apart from the haplotype comprised of the wild type allele at each of the polymorphic loci (haplotype A), there were 11 haplotypes (B-L) made up of various combinations and permutations of sequence variant and wild type sequence at each locus (table 1). The three most common haplotypes represented among controls occurring in more than 15% of chromosomes were A (36.2%), D (A432A only, rest wild type; 20%), and G [G691S (c.2071C→A) and S904S (c.2712C→G; 17.7%)] (table 2A, fig 1). In contrast, the most common haplotypes occurring in 15% or more of HSCR chromosomes were haplotypes B (A45A (c.135G→A) only; 33% of chromosomes) and C (A45A (c.135G→A) and L769L (c.2307T→G) only; 19%). Overall, the distribution of HSCR and control alleles across these 12 haplotypes was significantly different (χ11 2 =81.4, p<<0.0001, table 2A, B).
Three haplotypes, B, C, and F, were over-represented among HSCR cases compared to normal controls (table 2A). Haplotype B, having only the polymorphic A45A (c.135G→A) and the rest of the loci wild type, was found in 38 (30.7%) HSCR chromosomes and only eight (6.2%) control chromosomes (OR=6.74 (2.84-16.53), χ1 2=24.0, p<<0.0001). Haplotype C, harbouring A45A (c.135G→A) and L769L (c.2307T→G), with the rest of the loci wild type, was represented among 25 (20.2%) HSCR alleles compared to four (3.1%) control alleles (OR=7.95 (2.61-32.25), χ1 2=16.7, p<<0.0001). Haplotype F, comprising A45A (c.135G→A), A432A, and L769L (c.2307T→G), comprised seven (5.6%) HSCR alleles compared to no control chromosomes (p=0.006, Fisher two tailed exact test).
Two RET haplotypes, A and G, appeared under-represented among HSCR cases compared to matched normal controls (table 2A). Haplotype A (all loci wild type) occurred among 10 (8.1%) HSCR chromosomes compared to 47 (36.2%) control chromosomes (OR=0.15 (0.07-0.34), χ1 2=27.2, p<<0.0001). Haplotype G, with G691S (c.2071C→A) and S904S (c.2712C→G) only, was found in nine (7.3%) HSCR alleles compared to 23 (17.7%) control chromosomes (χ1 2=5.4, p=0.02).
Other haplotypes, D, E, H, I, and L, showed no difference in distribution between HSCR cases and normal controls (table 2A). However, because haplotypes J and K are rare even among HSCR cases, and never observed in normal controls, no conclusions may be drawn because of small numbers.
ASSOCIATION OF RET HAPLOTYPE WITH HSCR BY THE TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST
Because the non-transmitted parental haplotypes are available, we have also used these for analyses of association with disease that are highly robust to population stratification.34 35 Table 2Bshows the distribution of haplotypes that are transmitted to HSCR probands, those that are not transmitted from the parents, and those from the control group. The non-transmittedv control haplotypes do not appear to differ greatly in distribution, although a comparison of these two groups is significant at the 0.05 level (χ2 11=19.1, p=0.039). A similar test of non-transmittedv transmitted haplotypes (chapter 4 of Lange36) is highly significant (χ2 11=53.1, p<0.0001). The most significant contributions from individual haplotypes are A (p=0.012), B (p=0.0017), C (p=0.0027), D (p=0.046), H (p=0.034), and L (p=0.0196).
The transmission disequlibrium test37 tests for association in a manner that acknowledges the matching of observed alleles, or in this instance haplotypes, in the parents of affected subjects. Only heterozygous parents are informative when performing this test. Although originally designed for biallelic markers, we applied multiple allelic/haplotype extensions here.35Table 3 presents the results comparing each haplotype to the group of remaining haplotypes. The highest frequencies of non-transmission were observed with haplotypes A, D, and G, and this was more pronounced when compared to the frequency of these haplotypes among the affected offspring. In contrast, haplotypes B, C, F, and H had the lowest rates of parental non-transmission, that is, these haplotypes were the most frequently transmitted from parent to affected offspring. As an overall test of association, Spielman and Ewens35 propose a summation of the individual contributions. The corresponding statistic is χ2 11=56.7, p<<0.0001. Another overall test uses the Bonferroni corrected p value to the maximum χ2 1 statistic of the individual haplotypes, which yields p=0.002. Simulation based methods conditioned on the parental genotypes produced p values of 0.0001 and 0.0004, respectively.
ASSOCIATION OF INDIVIDUAL POLYMORPHIC LOCI WITH DISEASE
A series of transmission disequilibrium tests were also performed for each of the seven polymorphic loci (table 4). In these comparisons, only A45A (c.135G→A) and V125V were significant at the 0.05 level. However, G691S (c.2071C→A), L769L (c.2307T→G), and S904S (c.2712C→G) were suggestive with exact p<0.10.
In order to analyse more fully the effect of each locus on the transmission of a haplotype to the affected proband, we performed stepwise multiple logistic regression (see Methods). Here, the response is defined as the event that a haplotype is transmitted to the affected offspring, and the potential predictors are the allelic states (wild type v variant) of the seven loci. With the inclusion of the seven loci and 21 two way interaction terms, only the main effects of A45A (c.135G→A) and V125V remained in the model (table 5). The effect of G691S (c.2071C→A)/S904S (c.2712C→G) is no longer suggestive in models which include A45A (c.135G→A).
HAPLOTYPE PAIRS (GENOTYPE) IN HSCR CASES AND CONTROLS
Genotypes comprising pairs of REThaplotypes were generated for cases, their participating parents, and controls. The three most common genotypes among the 65 controls include AD (12 or 18.5%), AG (seven or 10.8%), and AA (eight or 12.3%) (fig1). Interestingly, only three (4.8%) HSCR cases carried one of these three genotypes and all three were AD. The three most common HSCR genotypes were BB (seven or 11.3%), BC (six or 9.7%), and BH (six or 9.7%). Only two (3.1%) normal controls carried any of these three genotypes and both were BC.
In summary, there were 38 different genotypes among cases and controls combined. Inspection of the genotypes in these two groups showed that the genotype distribution between cases and controls was distinct (χ37 2=93.8, p<<0.0001). For example, BB, BC, BD, and CD are prominently represented among HSCR cases, together accounting for >35% of the case genotypes, yet these four genotypes are not represented among the region matched, race matched normal controls. Conversely, AA, AG, DD, GG, and GJ are commonly represented in the controls, together accounting for 43% of the control genotypes, and yet they are never seen among the HSCR cases.
Among the western Andalucian HSCR cases, allRET haplotypes harbouring A45A (c.135G→A) appeared to be over-represented among HSCR cases compared to region matched, race matched, normal controls, thus confirming previous single site analyses and our hypotheses.27 Interestingly, the L769L (c.2307T→G) polymorphism, which was previously found to be over-represented in single locus analysis in HSCR,27 was very rare by itself. It almost always occurred with the A45A (c.135G→A) variant, suggesting perhaps that it could be in linkage disequilibrium with the A45A (c.135G→A) allele. Conversely, selected non-A45A (c.135G→A) bearing haplotypes such as A and G were over-represented among controls. Even more powerfully associated with HSCR are the genotypes comprising specificRET haplotype pairs, such that our data might suggest an autosomal recessive or dose dependent (additive) low penetrance mechanism for a large proportion of isolated HSCR.
The precise haplotype-HSCR and single locus-HSCR associations compared to unrelated controls differ slightly from those compared to the unaffected parents. In our earlier report,27 G691S (c.2071C→A)/S904S (c.2712C→G) were reported as conferring an apparent protective effect. Although the current results parallel an earlier report using unrelated control samples, the requirements of the transmission disequilibrium test reduce the effective sample size, so that the effect of G691S (c.2071C→A)/S904S (c.2712C→G) is not statistically significant here at the 0.05 level. Similarly, the stepwise multiple logistic regression shows that the effect of G691S (c.2071C→A)/S904S (c.2712C→G) is no longer suggestive in models which include A45A (c.135G→A). It can be seen by inspection of the haplotypes that variant A45A (c.135G→A) is associated with wild type sequence at codons 691 and 904 such that only one transmitted haplotype comprised variants A45A (c.135G→A) and G691S (c.2071C→A)/S904S (c.2712C→G). Thus, the apparent “HSCR protective” effect of variant G691S (c.2071C→A)/S904S (c.2712C→G) is largely confounded with the (stronger) effect at codon 45. Because of the association of the two loci, it is difficult to explore their precise joint effect on transmission status further. The observations using the transmission disequilibrium test have the advantage of being highly robust to population stratification, and there is evidence (table 2A, B) that the control haplotype distribution differs from that of the non-transmitted haplotypes.
Although this exploratory data set is relatively small, there are strong indications that haplotype pairs interact with each other to modulate HSCR phenotype. Under a simple additive (that is, dose dependent) or autosomal recessive model, therefore, we would expect that the presence of two HSCR associated haplotypes would be overwhelmingly associated with HSCR only and not controls. Conversely, the presence of two control associated haplotypes in a single subject should be strongly associated with normal controls and not with HSCR. In accordance with this model, the BB genotype was observed in seven (11.3%) HSCR cases but no controls. The AA, DD, and GG genotypes combined have been found in a total of 18 (27.7%) controls but no HSCR cases. Extrapolation of these observations would then lead to the hypothesis that heterozygous combinations of HSCR associated haplotypes would also be mainly associated with HSCR; similarly, heterozygous combinations of control associated haplotypes would not be associated with HSCR. Since haplotypes B, C, and F, singly, are over-represented in HSCR, we would expect to see the BC, BF, and CF genotypes mainly in HSCR and, indeed, this was observed in the western Andalucia data set where nine (14.5%) HSCR cases carry one of these three genotypes compared to two controls (BC, 3%) (fig 1). Conversely, then, the AD, AG, and DG genotypes should be mainly observed in controls and not HSCR. Indeed, in the western Andalucian data set, 27 (41.5%) controls have one of these three genotypes compared to five (8.1%) HSCR cases.
A HSCR associated haplotype occurring together with a control associated haplotype might give clues as to which, if any, predominates, that is, if a pure autosomal recessive model or, instead, a dose dependent model, holds for the entire cohort. The most obvious genotypes include AB, AC, AF, and BG. Although the F haplotype is relatively uncommon, it would appear that the F haplotype is particularly associated with HSCR and is relatively predominant. All genotypes with at least one F chromosome are only observed in HSCR cases no matter what the opposite chromosome is. The AF genotype, comprising the control associated A haplotype and the HSCR associated F haplotype, has been seen only in two HSCR cases and no controls, with the caveat of small numbers. The AB genotype was observed among six (9.2%) controls and two (3.2%) HSCR cases, perhaps suggesting a shared effect although another explanation is also possible (see below).
Genotypes with at least one E haplotype are worthy of note. The E haplotype contains the S836S variant which has been found to be associated with cases diagnosed with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma, in particular those whose tumours harbour somaticRET M918T.32 If this observation is extrapolated, then the E haplotype may be viewed as a low penetrance “gain of function” RETallele, and should not be associated with HSCR and perhaps could “protect” against HSCR. The E haplotype is relatively rare in various populations at large28 31 32 as well as in HSCR and so single site analysis at codon 836 and haplotype analysis (above) among the western Andalucian HSCR were not able to show that S836S is significantly under-represented in this population compared to controls because of small numbers. However, inspection indicates that there are clearly fewer S836S alleles among HSCR compared to controls both in the western Andalucian data set27 and that from a German population.28 Most genotype combinations with haplotype E, for example, AE, DE, GE, and EJ, occur among normal controls.
There are genotypes in the western Andalucian cohort of cases and controls which do not appear to “fit” our hypotheses. One of the most obvious examples would be the AD genotype. The A haplotype is significantly over-represented among controls compared to HSCR and the D haplotype is probably over-represented among controls as well. Thus, the prediction under a simple, additive model would be that the AD genotype is observed only in controls. Although 12 (18.5%) controls carry the AD genotype, three (5%) isolated HSCR cases also have the AD genotype. It is possible that HSCR cases found to have non-HSCR associated genotypes harbour (that is, require) germline high penetrance mutations which result in HSCR. Similarly, it might be predicted under our simple additive model that the BC genotype would only be observed among HSCR cases but not controls. However, while six (9.7%) HSCR cases have this genotype, two (3%) controls also have this genotype. Currently, there is no obvious universal explanation except that other loci are also involved, a postulate that has already been established38 and recently expanded, at least for familial HSCR.39 However, it is also possible that the “controls” do have HSCR with decreased expression, perhaps manifesting as constipation and hence these subjects have not sought medical attention.
In summary, our observations show that RETgenotypes comprising specific haplotypes ofRET coding sequence variants are associated with isolated HSCR while other distinct haplotype pairs are associated with control status. Our data suggest that genotypes with haplotypes comprising one specific variant, A45A (c.135G→A), are particularly associated with HSCR. Whether it is the REThaplotype per se or whether particular haplotype(s) are in linkage disequilibrium with another low penetrance, autosomal recessive, HSCR susceptibility gene is as yet unknown.
A larger case-control series in this population as well as similar studies in other populations are required to confirm our findings. Systematic functional analyses will also need to be performed to help elucidate the precise mechanism of haplotype associated susceptibility.
We are deeply grateful to the HSCR patients, their parents, and normal controls for participation in this study. Matilde Romero provided technical assistance. This study was partially funded by the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Spain (FIS 98/0898 to SB and GA), a generous donation from the Brown family in memory of Welton D Brown (to CE), and the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (NIGMS R01GM58934 to FAW and NCI P30CA16058 to The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center). OG was a Postdoctoral Fellow of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, Germany, and MES is a Fellow of the Fundación Reina Mercedes, Seville, Spain.


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domain: design


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No league has experienced stronger mobile app engagement than the National Football League. NFL teams have embraced their mobile app to enhance fan engagement, improve partnership opportunities, and boost ticket sales.
In particular, 24 NFL teams have utilized Rover to achieve these goals.
Rover empowers teams to create and launch a range of mobile activations. Here are five of the most notable use cases we have observed across the NFL.
1. API-Powered Dynamic Gameday Content
Designing and launching content for a team's mobile app used to be a challenging task. However, with Rover, creating mobile game day content has become easier than ever.
Teams have successfully created impressive game day campaigns by utilizing APIs to automate their weekly content. Thanks to Rover, they were able to create stunning UI/UX experiences without relying on developer resources or writing code.
The Atlanta Falcons serve as an excellent example. They have consistently incorporated APIs and user data into their mobile experiences, resulting in rich and engaging content. They have integrated NFL League APIs as well as specialized content from their headless CMS, Contentful.
Rover allows my team to go from ideation to real product in half the time. It allows us to quickly iterate and refine our mobile experiences as the season evolves and as we digest data from usage.
I’m no longer limited to what I can or can’t do, I can think about the problem and what’s the best way to solve it and bring it to life with Rover.
The Falcons’ Director of Digital Platforms
In their Gameday Recap, the Falcons’ used APIs to dynamically include information fans with or without a ticket might need about the game. This included such as the live score (by quarter) and the current weather. These inclusions facilitated app use, while maximizing the experience’s pertinence for fans attending the game live or fans tuning in from home.
2. Personalized Ticketing Experiences
One of the most popular recent mobile app campaigns across the NFL have been focused on ticketing campaigns. Specifically, teams have turned to Rover to create a variety of personal and customizable mobile experiences, the most common of which has been Season Ticket Member portals.
Utilizing Rover’s Ticketmaster integration, the Carolina Panthers created one of the most stunning season ticket member hubs in the league. Their campaign features pertinent information for the season ticket holder, as well as a variety of personal touches, such as the account holder’s name and account number, specific ticket information, and a chat button to get in touch with their specific account representative.
Speaking about the campaign, Will Bryan, the Panthers' Senior Digital Experiences Manager, stated, "Each season, we work to enhance and improve the mobile experience for our fans within our mobile app. The Rover Platform has become a foundational piece of that."
Since Rover is part of Ticketmaster's Nexus Program, teams can fully utilize Ticketmaster's API and personalize the content in their app based on various factors. For example, if fans are logged into Ticketmaster but do not have tickets, Rover can dynamically create a section in their campaign with a prompt to purchase tickets. On the other hand, if they are logged in and DO have tickets, Rover can include the details of their tickets in the campaign, similar to what you see in the Panthers' experience above.
This past season, we wanted to add more features for our season ticket holders within our app,” added Bryan. “We did that through the PSL Member hub, built out through Rover. It uses the Ticketmaster API to present custom user information and we surface exclusive offers and information for our biggest fans with Rover’s sleek user interface.
The Panthers’ Senior Digital Experiences Manager
3. Sponsored Content & Partnership Campaigns
Partners consistently request teams to find new and innovative ways to integrate their brand into a team's digital channels. With social media and other platforms becoming increasingly noisy, a team's mobile app provides a unique opportunity for commercial inventory.
Rover provides teams and leagues with additional partnership inventory, allowing them to create engaging campaigns that align perfectly with the team and their partners. And one team that does a great job both leveraging the power of the Rover Fan Engagement Platform and creating innovative partnership content for their sponsors is the Philadelphia Eagles.
The Eagles' gameday guide is a prime example of how partners can be seamlessly integrated into Rover experiences. From their Dietz & Watson Homegating Recipe to their Ricoh Game Notes Trivia experiences, the Eagles have successfully executed their creative vision while incorporating sponsored experiences using Rover. They have even targeted a variety of fans, offering a thorough Partner Zone with numerous promotions, as well as a Kids Club with fun games.
One standout feature of the Eagles' gameday guide is the inclusion of a trivia campaign, sponsored by Ricoh, that engages fans with entertaining questions related to the game matchup. This campaign was flawlessly executed, showcasing both the Ricoh and Eagles brands. It not only provided an interactive element for fans but also created further engagement by directing them to the Eagles' Notes of the Week, which were also sponsored by Ricoh.
Furthermore, the Eagles have created standalone sponsored campaigns to highlight their partners. In their Gillette Gameday Fit campaign, Eagles fans were invited to vote for their favorite player looks. Each screen featured two Eagles players dressed up, and fans were encouraged to vote for their preferred look. After making their selections, fans had the option to receive push notifications. This feature benefits both parties, as Gillette gains greater exposure and clicks, while the Eagles can segment and target their fans with personalized push notifications.
It’s clear that the Eagles' gameday guide serves as a model for successful partner integration in Rover experiences. Through their creative vision, targeted promotions, and seamless incorporation of sponsored campaigns, they have enhanced the gameday experience for fans while generating additional revenue for their partners.
All in all, we have seen an exceptional increase in both user engagement and time spent since onboarding to Rover. As we kick off the new year and head into the upcoming season, we’ll be working alongside the Rover team to continue the push on mobile innovation, with the expectation to set an example and continue to be a leading contributor in sports.
UI/UX Developer at the Eagles
4. Creating Tentpole Events
TThe NFL, like other leagues, has a variety of tentpole events that require teams' digital teams to create engaging experiences for their fans. These events range from My Cleats, My Cause and Breast Cancer awareness, to unique sporting events like outdoor games, alumni celebrations, and international events. Teams have relied on Rover to create stunning evergreen experiences directly within their apps.
This season, the Green Bay Packers created unique gameday campaigns for their international game against the New York Giants in London. In their gameday preview, the team did an excellent job highlighting the history of the rivalry between the two teams. They included an extensive section detailing how, where, and when to watch or listen, along with graphics displaying the importance of the matchup and the distance traveled.
This experience effectively informed fans about the matchup, generated excitement for the event, and provided many opportunities for engagement, despite the game being overseas. The team was able to quickly modify their gameday guide for this significant event by incorporating an altered UI and informative content, all while utilizing minimal resources and no code.
5. Segmented and Targeted Push Notifications
Effective push notifications are crucial for mobile app retention. They allow a team to reach their entire fanbase with just one click. Rover’s affiliated push platform, uses segmentation to personalize the push notifications sent out. This ensures that the outreach to the fanbase is relevant to each individual fan.
The Baltimore Ravens are highly strategic users of Rover’s push platform. They send push notifications to their fans based on various factors, including geographic location, device type, seat section, and even specialized pushes based on categories that fans have subscribed to, such as contests & promotions, live streaming events, and more.
Rover's push platform has significantly enhanced our mobile app messaging capabilities and notably improved our team's efficiency. The user-friendly features enable us to easily create, edit, duplicate, preview, and schedule our notifications, saving us a considerable amount of time throughout the season.
We've also taken advantage of Rover's segmentation tools to better target our fans with relevant messaging -- particularly on and around game days. In my mind, Rover's strong capabilities are ideal for effectively communicating with our fans and driving traffic to our ap
Director of Digital Strategy & Innovation at the Baltimore Ravens.
When examining the innovative app experiences across the NFL, it is evident that these native campaigns can effectively engage fans and their communities. What makes them even more appealing is their simplicity in design and launch, requiring no additional developer resources or code. The Rover platform empowers teams to design exceptional experiences, and we eagerly anticipate the continued innovation, creation, and launch by NFL teams and other organizations.
Contact us today to learn more about your organization can ameliorate the fan experience through powerful mobile activations!


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`Parl panel on EC`s power in mode code violation`
New Delhi: Asking the government and the Election Commission to review the Model Code of Conduct, a Parliamentary Committee today recommended taking away powers of the poll body to cancel registration of political parties in case of model code violation.
The Parliamentary Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice, in its 58th report, today also recommended that the Code of Conduct should be made effective from the date of notification of elections and not from the date of declaration of elections.
The panel, headed by Shantaram Naik, expressed concern that every voter has the right to know whether the candidate for whom he has cast his vote through electronic voting machine has actually gone to that candidate, which is not possible in the present system.
It appreciated the initiative of the Election Commission that it plans to attach a printer to EVMs on a limited scale to begin with and said the measure will go a long way in establishing the faith of electors in EVMs and also the processes in the conduct of elections.
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domain: law


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Recent Billboard cover star John Mayer has been added to an already star-studded list of ACM Awards performers.
Mayer, who recently rejuvenated his career following chronic vocal issues, will perform alongside Brad Paisley during the ceremony on Sunday. It was announced yesterday that Paisley will also be opening the awards, in a performance alongside Blake Shelton, Sheryl Crow, and others.
In other news, Gary Allan, Faith Hill, Shania Twain, Trisha Yearwood, Chris Young and the Eli Young Band have been added to the bill as presenters.
Previously, artists including Kelly Clarkson, Taylor Swift, Lady Antebellum and Kenny Chesney were confirmed to play the award show.
The 48th annual ACM Awards will be hosted by Luke Bryan and Blake Shelton from the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. They'll air live on CBS, Sunday, April 7 at 8 p.m. ET, with a tape delay for the West Coast.

domain: celebrity


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Five Ten Anasazi Mesa
The Anasazi Mesa has been discontinued. If you're looking for something new, check out the best climbing shoes for 2019.
Historic Range: $10.29-$92.95
I'm giving this shoe a 5 star rating simply because…
Use: Cragging, multi-pitch, or in the gym.
Break-in Period: 3 to 4 climbing sessions
Weight: 1 lb I think
Price Paid: Can't remember
I'm giving this shoe a 5 star rating simply because it does exactly what it is supposed to. I should have gone with one size bigger, so I have always found my shoes a bit tight, but they stick like crazy, the toe-box is wonderful, I can stand on almost nonexistant edges. The smearing capabilities are a little weak, due to the stiffness of the sole, but once you get to know the shoe, the rubber does its job perfectly.
A great shoe for long edgy climbs, also great in cracks. All right in the gym, but more for the real world.

domain: sports


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Top 3 Facts About Ivermectin: Is it a Safe Drug to Treat COVID-19?
- Know the facts about ivermectin before using it as a drug
- Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug to treat parasitic infections
- Current data does not prove that ivermectin can treat COVID-19
Since the start of the pandemic, people have been turning towards certain drugs to treat COVID-19. They are even using unapproved medicines as measures to take for COVID-19 prevention. Recently, claims were made that ivermectin was an effective treatment against COVID-19. However, it is better to not consume it without knowing the facts about ivermectin.
Ivermectin is an FDA-approved tablet used to treat people with certain parasitic infections  However, the WHO has advised its use only within clinical trials to treat COVID-19 and not for people to use . Read on to know the facts of ivermectin before using it to prevent or treat COVID-19.
Additional Read: D-Dimer Test: What is the Significance of this Test in COVID?
What is ivermectin and what are its uses?
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug that treats infections like parasitic worms, hookworm, and whipworm. It is also an effective treatment for conditions like onchocerciasis, helminthiases, river blindness, and scabies.
Its oral tablet can treat parasitic infections of the intestinal tract, skin, and eyes. An ivermectin solution, on the other hand, is used to treat people with head lice and rosacea. A higher dose of its other version acts as a de-wormer and is used for animals. It also has the potential to reduce the rate of malaria transmission .
Ivermectin is widely used and is usually well-tolerated. However, it is not approved for the treatment of any viral infection. Ivermectin is taken with a full glass of water on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before a meal or as directed by your doctor.
Side effects of ivermectin
The side effects of this medicine depend on the underlying condition being treated. It is wise to seek medical help if the problem becomes severe. Here are the common side effects of this drug.
Loss of energy
Loss of appetite
Neck or back pain
Swollen lymph nodes
Joint and muscle aches
Swelling of hands and feet
Increased heart rate
Skin problems – rashes, itching
Trouble standing or walking
Bladder or bowel control problems
Eye and vision problem – redness, puffy eyes
Yellowing of the skin or the whites of your eyes
Can ivermectin be used to treat COVID-19?
There have been many claims about the effectiveness of ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19. It has even become a trending topic across platforms. People are often asking for a prescription of this drug from their physicians. Some have taken this medicine without any recommendation from their doctors in the hope that it will prevent or treat COVID-19. There are also cases where people have ended up taking the version of this drug meant for animals.
Ivermectin is a drug used to treat people with different parasitic infections. It was speculated that it could stop coronavirus from spreading inside the human body. However, clinical trials on this subject have not been successful in convincing health organizations to allow its use for treating COVID-19.
Studies are still going on in this matter. Some of them have found that the potential anti-inflammatory properties of ivermectin may be beneficial for COVID-19 patients. However, no trials have reported a clinical benefit of this drug for the coronavirus. Many other medications are being evaluated for their use and efficacy against coronavirus. But more data is required to support the use of drugs like ivermectin to treat COVID-19.
Health organizations across the world do not recommend it for treating COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) allows the use of ivermectin only in clinical trials and prevents its use in patients with coronavirus to reduce viral replication. So, the only instances where this drug will be given to patients with COVID-19 are in clinical trials. Taking a high dose of ivermectin can also lead to severe side effects. So, do not consume any medicine without authorization for COVID-19 or any drug meant for animals.
Additional Read: COVID-19 Facts: 8 Myths and Facts About COVID-19 You Should Know
Now that you know the facts about ivermectin, do not take any drug without consulting your doctor. One of the measures to take for COVID-19 prevention are COVID-19 vaccines. They protect against coronavirus and reduce risk of the black fungal infection too . If you haven’t already, book your slot for a vaccine on Bajaj Finserv Health. You can also make a quick teleconsultation appointment with a top doctor to get the right advice about ivermectin and its uses.
Please note that this article is solely meant for informational purposes and Bajaj Finserv Health Limited (“BFHL”) does not shoulder any responsibility of the views/advice/information expressed/given by the writer/reviewer/originator. This article should not be considered as a substitute for any medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult with your trusted physician/qualified healthcare professional to evaluate your medical condition. The above article has been reviewed by a qualified doctor and BFHL is not responsible for any damages for any information or services provided by any third party.
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