text:
This course was published in the May 2017 issue and expires May 2020. The author has no commercial conflicts of interest to disclose. This 2 credit hour self-study activity is electronically mediated.
After reading this course, the participant should be able to:
- Discuss possible causes and management strategies for dentinal hypersensitivity.
- Explain the prevalence of dentinal hypersensitivity in the general population.
- List the agents and methods of action by which they help reduce sensitivity.
CE Sponsored by Colgate in Partnership with the American Academy of Periodontology
Dentinal hypersensitivity can make your patients’ dental appointments uncomfortable. Recognizing that some procedures may trigger pain in periodontal patients, this article, “Strategies for Dentinal Hypersensitivity Management,” provides a helpful review of technologies available for use today, starting in your office with professionally applied desensitizers or laser therapy, and continuing at home with topical agents, such as dentifrices.
Colgate-Palmolive Co is delighted to have provided an unrestricted educational grant to support this continuing education article in collaboration with the American Academy of Periodontology. We hope you find this article interesting and valuable in clinical practice—and, ultimately, of benefit to your patients.
Matilde Hernandez, DDS, MS, MBA
Scientific Affairs Manager Professional Oral Care
Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals
FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PERIODONTOLOGY
Dentinal hypersensitivity is both a common symptom of periodontal disease and a side effect of certain periodontal therapies. As such, how can dental hygienists, periodontists, and general dentists ensure the comfort and health of patients, both during and after treatment? The solutions may vary, depending on etiology and previous therapies used to reduce or eliminate sensitivity. In this article, educator and American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) member Mia L. Geisinger, DDS, MS, explores the foundations of dentinal hypersensitivity and possible approaches for managing this common, but painful condition.
The AAP is proud to work with Dimensions of Dental Hygiene and Colgate-Palmolive Co to bring you insights that will keep your patients comfortable and well.
Terrence J. Griffin, DMD
President, American Academy of Periodontology
Dentinal hypersensitivity has been defined as a sharp, painful response to external stimuli applied to exposed dentin.1,2 There are many possible causes that expose dentin and predispose patients to hypersensitivity, including toothbrush abrasion, acid erosion, anatomical factors, and gingival recession.3,4 In particular, periodontitis and periodontal therapy can lead to exposure of root surfaces, which may cause sensitivity;5 in fact, its sudden onset can be a major side effect of treatment.6,7 Both surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapies have been shown to increase the prevalence of hypersensitivity related to gingival recession and/or root denudation.8–10 To ensure optimal care, identification, prevention, and treatment strategies to address patient discomfort are critical to allow for effective management of periodontal conditions.
Root sensitivity and dentinal hypersensitivity likely have similar etiology, diagnosis, and management.11 While several theories have been proposed to explain hypersensitivity, the hydrodynamic theory is the most widely accepted.4,12,13 This holds that sensitivity occurs when tactile, thermal, and/or chemical stimuli cause movement of the fluid that surrounds the odontoblastic processes within dentinal tubules (Figure 1). This fluid flow can further stimulate intradental nerves, specifically A-β and A-δ myelinated fibers, causing the short, intense pain associated with this condition.12 The hydrodynamic theory postulates that two conditions must be met on root surfaces for sensitivity to develop: the presence of exposed dentin (lesion localization) and open dentinal tubules communicating with a vital pulp that are exposed to stimuli (lesion initiation).14,15 Histologic findings support this explanation and demonstrate greater numbers of widened dentinal tubules in sensitive vs nonsensitive teeth (Figure 2).16,17
The prevalence of dentinal hypersensitivity in the general population has been reported to range from 4% to 57%,11,18–20 with higher values noted for individuals with periodontitis.18,21 A systematic review also showed that, prior to periodontal therapy, the prevalence of root sensitivity ranged from 9% to 23%, but it increased to 54% to 55% after treatment.8 Increases in pain intensity after periodontal therapy are generally moderate9 and have been shown to abate approximately 4 weeks after therapy8,9—although 10% to 15% of patients experiencing root sensitivity after periodontal treatment may never achieve spontaneous remission of symptoms.22Root sensitivity has also been reported as long as 5 years following surgical periodontal treatment.23 Thus, root sensitivity control for periodontal patients is a two-pronged problem: periodontitis can lead to recession and root exposure as a part of disease progression, and treatment strategies aimed at removing etiologic factors and reducing probing depths lead to further removal of cementum or smear layer and exposure of the dentinal tubules, as well as increased gingival recession (Figure 3).
Identification of dentinal hypersensitivity is difficult and may be subjective. For example, in population studies, self-reported rates were significantly higher than those determined by clinical testing,19,20,24–26 indicating a significant component of recall bias and subjectivity. For patients who have recently undergone periodontal therapy, consideration of the timing in post-operative pain onset, as well as the location, severity, and reproducibility of the sensitivity symptoms—in combination with the elimination of other possible sources—offer insight into the proper diagnosis.27,28 Some conditions that may elicit similar symptoms include cracked or chipped teeth, fractured or improperly placed metallic restorations, post-restorative sensitivity, caries, hypoplastic enamel, or a congenitally open cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).29 Open CEJs may be a predisposing factor for sensitivity and occur in approximately 10% of the population.30 Care should be taken to rule out alternative causes of tooth pain. The examination should include a thorough medical/dental history and a clinical/radiographic evaluation of the areas presenting with pain (and surrounding areas, if necessary).6
FIGURE 2. The hydrodynamic theory of dentinal hypersensitivity states that noxious stimuli at open dentinal tubules cause movement of fluid within the tubules and irritation of the odontoblasts and intradental nerves.
Because the permeability and fluid movement in open, exposed dentinal tubules is the favored theory for stimuli transmission through dentin, treatment principles include reducing or eliminating irritating stimuli, tubule obliteration (ie, dentinal plugs), tubule coverage, and preventing transmission of irritants (Figure 4).2,31
Acid exposure from diet and cariogenic biofilm has been related to prevalence and severity of hypersensitivity.14,32,33 While some authors have suggested that mechanical irritation from biofilm control may contribute to sensitivity,4,34 most studies confirm that meticulous biofilm control reduces root sensitivity—both before and after periodontal treatment.9,35–37 In an effort to mitigate the etiologic factors of periodontal disease and minimize root sensitivity following therapy, individualized oral hygiene instruction should be a component of all periodontal care. Biofilm control should be reassessed throughout treatment, including the post-surgical phase. Dietary counseling to limit irritating foods and beverages should also be considered.
TOPICAL AGENTS: DENTIFRICES
Managing dentinal hypersensitivity through agents added to dentifrices is often a first-line therapy and may be combined with in-office treatment. These ingredients—which may include potassium nitrate, strontium acetate, arginine and calcium carbonate, calcium sodium phosphosilicate, and fluoride38—either reduce nerve conduction or occlude tubules. Many work with differing mechanisms and patients may need to try several products prior to finding relief for their symptoms. They may also need multiple treatment strategies in combination.
Potassium nitrate is believed to depolarize nerves with the tubules and inhibit or reduce their ability to transmit pain signals.39–43Some studies have demonstrated an improvement in symptoms after compliant use for 2 weeks in both a 5% or 10% concentration.44–46 Other studies have demonstrated no statistically significant reduction in sensitivity with use.47–49 These variable results may be the result of specific patient populations, differing methods for evaluating dentinal sensitivity, and the difficulty of quantifying pain. The timing of the clinical improvements seen and equivocal data on the relief provided may indicate limited utility for these dentifrices in many patients with sensitivity related to periodontal therapy. However, potassium nitrate has not been shown to induce pulpal changes after use50 and this agent may still offer benefits to some patients.49
Strontium salts’ mechanism of action involves tubule occlusion,51 in which strontium ions exchange with calcium ions, causing the formation of insoluble strontium crystals within exposed tubules, up to an average depth of 5 µm.51–53 Dietary acids have also been shown not to alter occlusion after the precipitation of strontium acetate48—which may lead to longer-lasting results. Furthermore, clinical studies have demonstrated the use of dentifrice with strontium salt can provide subjective relief.54,55
Arginine and calcium carbonate are also used to address hypersensitivity. When arginine is combined with a bicarbonate buffer and calcium carbonate, it precipitates into exposed tubules, occluding them. The positive charge of the calcium carbonate-arginine complex facilitates precipitation on the negatively charged dentinal surface and tubule occlusion.56 The alkalinity of the arginine and calcium carbonate has also been found to increase uptake of calcium and phosphate ions into saliva, which are then deposited on dentin.56 The occlusion caused by arginine and calcium carbonate dentinal tubule plugs has been shown to be resistant to dietary acid exposure and pulpal pressures.57,58 Reductions in sensitivity noted with arginine and calcium carbonate occur immediately after application and persist for up to 28 days.32,56,57 A recent systematic review also reported this combination provided greater sensitivity relief than strontium acetate.59
Calcium sodium phosphosilicate exchanges sodium ions with hydrogen ions, allowing for the release of calcium and phosphate from the compound within the dentifrice. These minerals deposit within dentinal tubules, resulting in occlusion.60 Calcium sodium phosphosilicate has been shown to be effective in reducing sensitivity;61,62 however, there are equivocal data regarding the effectiveness of calcium sodium phosphosilicate compared to arginine and calcium carbonate. While the latter has been shown to result in deeper dentinal tubule plugs compared to the former,60 an in vivo study demonstrated a greater reduction in sensitivity with calcium sodium phosphosilicate.63 A major difference in the method of application of the dentifrices between these studies included the use of an electric toothbrush in the calcium sodium phosphosilicate study, which may have enhanced or altered uptake of the agents.60,62
Stannous fluoride and sodium fluoride in high concentrations are effective in managing sensitivity.64–67 These are usually prescription-only fluoride dentifrices or gels that can deliver up to 5,000 ppm to 12,500 ppm fluoride. The relief provided by these agents may be due to an increase in tubule occlusion and a reduction in acid decalcifications.68,69 Fluoride has an additional advantage of remineralization of dental tissues and reduction in susceptibility to radicular caries. If patients also have common risk factors for caries, this may be of increased importance for individuals with gingival recession and resultant root sensitivity following periodontal therapy.70,71
PROFESSIONALLY APPLIED DESENSITIZERS
In-office dentin desensitizers are often used in combination with patient-delivered desensitizers (eg, dentifrice) and may contain fluoride, arginine and calcium carbonate, bonding agents, glutaraldehyde, oxalate, or casein phosphopeptide/amorphous calcium phosphate. These agents may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments.
Fluoride varnish is a desensitizer and commonly applied onto exposed, symptomatic root surfaces. The varnish solution interacts with saliva, which increases its stability on the tooth surface and allows increased fluoride uptake. Fluoride varnish has been shown to reduce sensitivity and provide longer-lasting relief than potassium nitrate.72 Varnish containing 5% sodium fluoride has been shown to be effective for up to 24 weeks after application.73
Arginine and calcium carbonate are available in a paste that can be applied to exposed root surfaces to treat dentinal hypersensitivity. A recent systematic review concluded that studies evaluating this technology demonstrate its efficacy in reducing sensitivity. However, the current body of evidence does not allow an assessment of the comparative effectiveness of arginine and calcium carbonate compared to other professionally administered topical desensitizers.74
Bonding agents—such as methacrylate resins and self-etch bonding systems containing both acidic ingredients to condition the dentin and monomers that cover dentinal tubules—have been used as desensitizing agents.75 In general, they provide fairly long-lasting relief,76 but sensitivity is likely to return if the resin breaks away and reexposes the tubules. This technique may be best used in recalcitrant cases of localized sensitivity, rather than generalized dentinal pain.77
Glutaraldehyde is used alone or with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as a desensitizing varnish. The presence of HEMA acts as a wetting agent to allow better adhesion of the glutaraldehyde to the tooth surface,78 where it reacts with serum albumin in saliva and crevicular fluid, resulting in precipitation of the serum albumin. This reaction causes polymerization of the HEMA and blockage of dentinal tubules.42,79,80 Modest-to-moderate reductions in sensitivity have been reported with glutaraldehyde alone, but the addition of HEMA increases efficacy and may prolong the duration of action up to 9 months.81,82
Oxalate is a professionally applied desensitizer that combines with calcium ions in saliva to form insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that precipitate and block dentinal tubules.76,83,84 Acid etching prior to application may allow for deeper penetration into the tubules.85 Oxalate has been shown to reduce sensitivity76,86 and remains stable in an acidic environment, which could make it more durable and/or long-lasting than some other topical agents.76
Casein derivatives, such as casein phosphopeptide/amorphous calcium phosphate and other casein-derived peptides, bind to exposed dentin surfaces and allow for deposition of minerals from oral fluids, which decreases tubule openings. These substances provide bioavailable calcium and phosphate that can be released during intraoral acidic challenges and may encourage tooth remineralization.85 Studies on the efficacy of casein derivatives on hypersensitivity are equivocal, and additional standardized research may allow for assessment of their relative potency in reducing sensitivity.74,87
Lasers, such as neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, erbium yttrium aluminium garnet, diode and CO2, have been studied for use in managing sensitivity.88 While these lasers (at the wavelengths and protocols tested) did not permanently alter dentin surfaces through melting the dentin to occlude dentinal tubules, it is believed they may reduce sensitivity through increased coagulation of proteins, which precipitate to block the tubules.89 Other laser technologies, such as helium-neon and gallium aluminium arsenate, have also been investigated to determine their effect on nerve activity.90–92 Research has demonstrated a reduction in root sensitivity after periodontal surgery in cases in which low-level irradiation was performed.93 A systematic review concluded that lasers are effective, but the current evidence is considered weak.87 Additionally, researchers have cautioned the risk for a placebo effect may be high when evaluating laser therapy.88,94 This modality also appears to increase the effectiveness and duration of action of traditional methods of tubule occlusion using topical therapies.94 While lasers may hold promise for managing post-treatment root sensitivity, further studies are needed to identify protocols for their safe and efficacious use.
Cervical restorations may be used to treat dentinal hypersensitivity by covering tubules with restorative resins. This approach has demonstrated greater efficacy than patient-applied dentifrices—and has a more immediate effect, as well.95 Although research has demonstrated similar relief with cervical restorations or gingival root coverage grafts, Leybovich et al96 report that patients prefer gingival grafting for esthetic reasons. Cervical restorations are an invasive approach that requires irreversible preparation to achieve retention. In addition, marginal overhangs and leakage can lead to recurrent caries and/or gingival irritation from plaque. The use of fluoride-releasing glass ionomer materials may be considered for patients at high caries risk.97 Generally, cervical restorations should be considered only after failure of less-invasive therapy.
PERIODONTAL ROOT COVERAGE
Soft tissue grafting procedures can reduce sensitivity at sites with gingival recession and increase periodontal root coverage—potentially increasing the width of keratinized gingiva.96,98,99 Soft tissue grafting is most effective in areas of buccal gingival recession, and the predictability of root coverage is dependent on the level of interproximal bone.100 A thorough evaluation is needed to determine if the clinical presentation after periodontal therapy is a site amenable to achieving root coverage. In most patients undergoing periodontal therapy, attachment loss would result in an environment in which complete root coverage may not be anticipated. In these cases, root coverage procedures can be combined with other restorative and/or desensitizing techniques or alternative care. As root coverage is an effective method for reducing sensitivity, it should be prioritized at sites where it could prove beneficial. Careful assessment and diagnosis of areas with root sensitivity are crucial when selecting patients for surgical therapy who are likely to achieve positive outcomes based upon their attachment levels and gingival recession morphology.
ROOT CANAL THERAPY
Root canal therapy is generally used to treat irreversible pulpitis and pulpal necrosis, and the procedure eliminates all sensory feeling associated with the tooth.95 While this would certainly eliminate dentinal hypersensitivity, except in extreme cases, this condition is not an indication for endodontic treatment. Given its invasive nature, root canal therapy should only be considered when no other option can eliminate sensitivity.38
Dentinal hypersensitivity is a common condition and is prevalent in patients who have undergone periodontal therapy.5–10 While many cases of root sensitivity resolve spontaneously within a relatively short time period,8 addressing patient discomfort following periodontal procedures and in cases that persist well after completion of therapy is important. Clinicians should take a systematic approach to treatment and select therapies based on the diagnosis and etiologies identified during patient assessment. Less invasive, first-line therapies should be investigate first before attempting more invasive procedures to treat dentinal hypersensitivity.
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- Kowalczyk A, Botulinski B, Jaworska M, Kierklo A, Pawinska M, Dabrowska E. Evaluation of the product based on Recaldent technology in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Adv Med Sci. 2006;51 (Suppl 1):40–42.
- Sgolastra F, Petrucci A, Gatto R, Monaco A. Effectiveness of laser in dentinal hypersensitivity treatment: a systematic review. J Endod. 2011;37:297–303.
- Goodis, HE, White JM, Marshall SJ, et al. Measurement of fluid flow through laser-treated dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;9:128S.
- Rochkind S, Nissan M, Razon N, Schwartz M, Bartal A. Electrophysiological effect of HeNe laser on normal and injured sciatic nerve in the rat. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1986; 83:125–130.
- Rochkind S, Nissan M, Bar-Nea L, Razon N, Schwartz M, Bartal A. Response of peripheral nerve to He-Ne laser: Experimental studies. Lasers Surg Med. 1987;7:441–443.
- Wakabayashi H, Hamba M, Matsumoto K, Nakayama T. Electrophysiological study of irradiation of semiconductor laser on the activity of the trigeminal subnucleues caudal neurons. J Jpn Soc Laser Dent. 1992;3:65–74.
- Shreya D, Sanjay J, Rashmi H. Effect of low-level laser therapy in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity and pain following periodontal flap surgery. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014;32:700–706.
- Biagi R, Cossellu G, Sarcina M, Pizzamiglio IT, Farronato G. Laser-assisted treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity: a literature review. Ann Stomatol (Roma). 2015;6:75–80.
- Veitz-Keenan A, Barna JA, Strober B, et al. Treatment for hypersensative noncarious cervical lesions: A Pratitioners Engaged in Applied Research and Learning (PEARL) Network randomized clinical effectiveness study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013;144:495–506.
- Leybovich M, Bissada NF, Teich S, Demko CA, Ricchetti PA. Treatments of noncarious cervical lesions by a subepthelial connective tissue graft versus a composite resin restoration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2014;649–654.
- Gordan VV, Blaser PK, Watson RE, et al. A clinical evaluation of a giomer restorative system containing surface prereacted glass ionomer filler: results from a 13-year recall examination. J Am Dent Assoc. 2014; 145:1036–1043.
- Douglas de Oliveira DW, Marques DP, Anguiar-Cantuária IC, Flecha OD, Goncalves PF. Effect of surgical defect coverage on cervical dentin hypersensitivity and quality of life. J Periodontol. 2013;84:768–775.
- Chambrone L, Sukekava F, Araújo MG, Pustiglioni FE, Chambrone LA, Lima LA. Root coverage procedures for the treatment of localized recession-type defects: a Cochrane systematic review. J Periodontol. 2010;81:452–478.
- Miller PD Jr. A classification of marginal tissue recession. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1985; 5:8–13.
From Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. May 2017;15(5):45-50.

domain: medical


text:
This week’s Yarmouth Greyhound Homefinders’ featured Mercury pet is Modric. Modric is a
very handsome boy, he has a super sleek black coat with an endearing greying face. A quiet and easy-going hound, Modric loves nothing more than chilling on his kennel sofa. He enjoys peaceful walks and will keep by your side. Modric would love to be in a warm, quiet and loving home for Christmas, he’s friendly with everyone but would prefer to be the only dog in the home
Interested? For more information, or to meet Modric, contact Homefinding Co-ordinator
Corinne Douglas, on Homefinders’ local rate call number, 0845 458 3797.

domain: pet


text:
We are facing many types of diseases in our body and we are also doing many Ayurvedic remedies to save our body. We have seen a lot of people who have toothache and toothache and toothache is very unbearable.
We can get relief from toothache with many home remedies. Toothache can strike us at any time. If there is a toothache, we can get relief from the things we use in our home.
Garlic: Garlic has many benefits. Garlic is also useful for our immunity. If you have a toothache, you should take a clove of garlic and go to the part where the pain is.
Onion : Onions also have many benefits. Eating onions every morning kills germs in our teeth and relieves toothache.
Cloves: Keeping cloves in the mouth or applying clove oil on that part relieves pain
Mustard oil : Take two or three drops of mustard oil and rub it on the gums, it relieves the pain and by doing this daily, the gums get stronger.
There are many other natural home remedies that can cure toothache. Many of us laugh at the sudden onset of toothache.
Clove oil and black pepper can be used as pain killers in many ayurvedic like garlic. Applying a bowl of black pepper in clove oil on the jaw reduces the pain.
Placing a slice of freshly chopped onion on the aching gums or teeth also relieves the pain. You can make a homemade mouthwash for toothache using local herbs like Zergul, Hirabol etc. Other medicinal plants include basil, wild basil and asafoetida.

domain: health


text:
DAVID LEE ROTH, SAMMY HAGAR
It's official: former Van Halen frontmen David Lee Roth and Sammy Hagar are teaming up to co-headline the "Song For Song, The Heavyweight Champs Of Rock'N'Roll" tour. The 21-date road trip will kick off May 29 in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, and run through a June 29 finale outside of Seattle, Billboard.com reports.
The trek will follow a series of May headlining dates Hagar has lined up with his band, the Waboritas. Those shows kick off with a May 5-7 stand at the Fillmore in San Francisco. Also on Hagar's calendar is his annual weekend "Meltdown" festival at his Cabo Wabo Cantina in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.
Outside of his tour with Hagar, Roth's only other scheduled appearance is a May 3 performance at Atlanta's annual Music Midtown Festival.
After more than a decade with Van Halen, Roth exited the fold after a falling out with the other members. In 1985, Hagar -- former lead singer of the band Montrose and a successful solo artist -- joined Van Halen. He departed in 1996, to be replaced by former Extreme singer Gary Cherone, who stuck around only long enough to record 1998's disappointing "Van Halen III."
A DASH OF COUNTRY AND INTERNATIONAL FLAVOR ADDED TO DIVAS
The Dixie Chicks and Latin pop singer Shakira will join Mary J. Blige, Cher and Celine Dion when "VH1 Divas Las Vegas: A Benefit Concert for the VH1 Save the Music Foundation" airs live from the MGM Grand on May 23 (at 9 p.m. ET/PT).
Continuing in the "Divas" tradition, the show will be bringing together some of the biggest names in music today for an exclusive, high-voltage night of unforgettable performances. The past four "VH1 Divas" specials are among the top five highest-rated broadcasts in VH1's history.
Additional performers, presenters, and special guests will be announced as they are confirmed.
The VH1 Save The Music Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to restoring instrumental music programs in America's public schools, and to raising awareness of the positive impact that music participation has on students.
(Web site: vh1.com)
MORE TOURING NEWS
-- Sheryl Crow and Train will headline the latest package tour -- the Jeep World Outside Festival -- that will blend music and adventure sports such as mountain biking, skiing and rock climbing. The 23-date tour, which begins in Charlotte, N.C., July 10, will also include several opening acts on the bill, including O.A.R. and others yet-to-be announced, according to Allstar News.
-- Pop-rocker Lenny Kravitz has tapped hip-hopper Pink and newcomer Abandoned Pools to open his North American tour, Allstar News reports. The 33-city tour -- Kravitz's first in three years, in support of his latest CD "Lenny" -- kicks off July 12 in Virginia Beach, Va., though he will perform May 3 at Hammerstein Ballroom in New York as a preview.
-- Tommy Lee is scheduled to hit the road in support of his new album, "Never A Dull Moment." It's his second post-Motley Crue album following 1999's self-titled debut by the now defunct Methods of Mayhem. The tour kicks off May 24 in Denver, an MCA spokesperson told MTV News, and runs through July 20 in Anaheim, Calif., hitting 36 cities in all.
-- Ween is delaying the recording of its next studio album in favor of touring. The road trip began Friday in Asheville, N.C., and runs through a June 23 appearance at the Bonnaroo Festival in Manchester, Tenn., according to Billboard.com. Ween will also drop in May 25 at the Mountain Aire Festival in Calaveras County, Calif. Mickey "Dean Ween" Melchiondo promises on the duo's official Web site that they'll "try and record the new album before September rolls around." The CD will be Ween's first since it left the Elektra label in late 2000.
-- The Eagles' seven-week "Summer Tour 2002" kicks off May 31 in Reno, Nev. The band -- Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Joe Walsh and Timothy B. Schmit -- last toured North America during the 1995 SRO "Hell Freezes Over" tour. They'll be performing songs from their "Selected Works: 1972-1999" CD box set, as well as other Eagles classics.
-- Rush is hitting the "Vapor Trails" trail this summer for the band's first tour since 1997. The tour kicks off June 28 in Hartford, Conn., according to a statement from Atlantic Records quoted by JAM! Music. It's expected to last into the fall. The tour is in support of the band's upcoming album, "Vapor Trails," which hits stores May 14.
Did Axl Rose put the brakes on a Replacements reunion tour?
That could account for Paul Westerberg's sudden silence regarding who plays on his new double album, "Stereo/Mono," which hits stores next Tuesday, Allstar News reports.
Last month, Westberg told Rolling Stone magazine that Tommy Stinson, his former partner in the Replacements, makes a guest appearance on the CD. But then a note appeared on an industry gossip Web site, claiming to be from Stinson and saying he hadn't seen Westerberg in four years.
Stinson has played bass for Guns N' Roses since replacing Duff McKagan in 1998. Frontman Axl Rose is known for dumping bandmates who cross him.
"No comment" is Westerberg's new response to questions about any recent Stinson collaborations. However, he does hint that a very influential someone kiboshed the Replacements reunion he tried assembling in February.
"I think Tommy was advised not to do it, if you can make sense of that," Westerberg told Allstar News. "When I called him, he was anxious and interested in a wild idea like that, and then suddenly had a change of heart. So go figure."
For now, Westerberg has his own tour to focus on -- a string of 10 national in-store performances that launches next Monday in Seattle.
"I figure it's been too long for me to ask people to buy the record and to come pay money to see me play," he said. "So, it's like, if you're willing to buy the record, I'll come and play in the store for free. What kind of deal is that? You can't beat it!"
Westerberg said a proper tour could follow as early as this summer.
Neither the current unrest in the Middle East nor the threat of renewed conflict between Israel and Lebanon kept former Pink Floyd songwriter Roger Waters from playing Beirut Wednesday night.
Some 6,000 people turned out at the Beirut International Exhibition and Leisure Centre to see a rare incursion into Lebanon by a major Western artist. NME.com reports the concert was the first in the Middle East to use surround sound.
Many had assumed Waters would scrap the Beirut stop-off because of current political instability. But, speaking at a news conference earlier in the year, the rocker said canceling was not an option. "The chances of me being run over by a car are much bigger than getting killed in a bomb explosion," he said.
Last year's summer music festival at Baalbek -- staged amid 3000-year old temples -- drew a crowd of 9,000 for a performance by Sting. But the Red Hot Chili Peppers pulled out of a planned show in the Middle East recently because of the tension in the region.
BOYZ II MEN
Boyz II Men traveled to the four corners of the world this week to shoot the video for their latest single, "The Color of Love." It's the first single from "Full Circle," the Arista debut album by Boyz II Men that's set to drop June 11.
The video production -- a first for Arista Records -- marks the first time that four directors will have been utilized on separate shoots with separate group members in separate locales around the world -- including Ghana, India, Tokyo and Puerto Rico.
(Web site: arista.com)
Radio Records will release its tribute to the late Joey Ramone and his band, the Ramones, on May 28.
"Ramones Forever -- An International Tribute" features bands from Belgium, Germany, France, Greece, Peru, Hungary and the United States and styles ranging from Lo-Fi Electro to Punk, Ska, Lounge, to all-out weirdness.
A portion of the proceeds from the album will benefit the Joey Ramone fund (c/o New York Hospital Cornell Medical Center in New York City). Ramone died last April at age 49 following a long fight with cancer.
(Web site: radicalrecords.com/pages/ramones.html)
Chumbawamba's 10th studio album, "Readymades," is due in stores June 18. The eclectic British band uses breakbeats and folk samples to mix melody with politics. Tracks on the CD include "Reason and Rhyme (The Killing of Harry Stanley)," a song about an unarmed man shot dead by an armed police force for carrying a chair leg that needed mending; "After Shelley," which looks at sweatshop labor; and "Don't Pass Go," about Satpal Ram, a victim of a racist attack who was jailed for killing his attacker.
(Web site: universalrecords.com)
HARPER, FARRELL AND POP
In a statement Monday, Matt Serletic, chairman and CEO of Virgin Records America said the three musicians "remain active members of the label's roster." According to the label, Farrell and Harper are currently in the process of recording new material for upcoming albums while Pop is writing for his next release.
"The Virgin Records Family remains committed to the success of these artists," added Serletic.
EMI, Virgin's parent company, is in the midst of restructuring and rumors circulated last week that Harper, Farrell and Pop had been dropped.
Jazz sensation Diana Krall and rock band Nickelback were the big winners Sunday night at "The 2002 Juno Awards," Canada's version of the Grammys.
Nine awards were presented in ceremonies that aired live on CTV from Mile One Stadium in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
Krall won both Best Artist and Best Album for "The Look of Love." They were her second and third Junos. On Saturday night, at the non-televised Premier's Gala and Awards, she picked up her first for Best Vocal Jazz Album.
The Vancouver-based Nickelback was also a two-time winner -- earning Best Group and Best Single ("How You Remind Me") accolades for their second and third Juno Award overall. They won Best Rock Album for "Silver Side Up" Saturday -- the same night as band producer Randy Staub won Best Recording Engineer for his work on Nickelback singles "How You Remind Me" and "Too Bad."
Other winners included Shaggy for Best Selling Album, foreign or domestic ("Hotshot"); Default for Best New Group; David Usher for Best Pop Album ("Morning Orbit"); Swollen Members for Best Rap Recording ("Bad Dreams") and Glenn Lewis for Best R&B/Soul Recording ("Don't You Forget It").
(Web site: junos.sympatico.ca)
Jennifer Lopez is up for four awards from the American Latino Media Arts (ALMA), which honors outstanding achievement by Latinos in film, television and music.
The singer/actress has been tabbed for a best actress award for her work in the movie "Angel Eyes." In addition, she was also nominated for three other ALMA awards -- best performance in a music, variety or comedy special ("Jennifer Lopez In Concert: Let's Get Loud"), best album ("J-Lo") and best female musical performer.
Other nominees -- announced Wednesday by the National Council of La Raza -- for outstanding performance in a music, variety or comedy special are Christina Aguilera for "The 43rd Grammy Awards" (CBS); Marc Anthony for "Christmas at Rockefeller Center" (NBC); Mariah Carey for "A Tribute to Heroes" (all networks); Los Lobos for "T'was the Night" (HBO) and Ricky Martin for "2001 Blockbuster Awards" (Fox).
Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias, Fat Joe and Ricky Martin were nominated for male performer of the year. In addition to Lopez, Aguilera, Shakira and Jaci Velasquez were nominated for female performer of the year.
Anthony also picked up a nomination for actor/actress in a made for television movie or mini-series for his work in "In The Time of The Butterflies."
The 2002 ALMA Awards will be presented at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles in May, in ceremonies airing on ABC.
The musical nominees:
-- Performance in a music, variety or comedy special: Christina Aguilera, "The 43rd Grammy Awards" (CBS); Marc Anthony, "Christmas at Rockefeller Center" (NBC); Mariah Carey, "A Tribute to Heroes" (all networks); Los Lobos, "T'was the Night" (HBO); Jennifer Lopez, "Jennifer Lopez In Concert: Let's Get Loud" (NBC); Ricky Martin, "2001 Blockbuster Awards" (Fox)
-- Spanish Language performance in a television special: Alejandro Fernandez/Julio Iglesias, "Latin Billboard Awards" (Telemundo); Paulina Rubio, "Premio Lo Nuestro" (Univision); Juanes, "Noches De Carnaval" (Univision); Lupillo Rivera, "Latin Rhythm Nights" (Telemundo)
-- Album of the year: Enrique Iglesias, "Escape"; Jennifer Lopez, "J-Lo"; Shakira, "Laundry Service"; A.B. Quintanilla Y Los Kumbia Kings, "SHHH!"; Ozomatli, "Embrace the Chaos"; Fat Joe, "J.O.S.E."
-- Spanish language album of the year: Marc Anthony, "Libre"; Alejandro Fernandez, "Origines"; La Ley, "La Ley MTV Unplugged"; Luis Miguel, "Mis Romances"; Laura Pausini, "Lo Mejor de Laura Pausini -- Volvere Junto a Ti"; Jaci Velasquez, "Mi Corazon"; Carlos Vives, "Dejame Entrar"
-- Music video, 2002 ALMA People's Choice Award: "El Ultimo Adios," Various Artists; "Love Don't Cost A Thing," Jennifer Lopez; "My Hero," Enrique Iglesias; "Nobody Wants To Be Lonely," Ricky Martin/Christina Aguilera; "Siempre," La Ley' "Whenever/Wherever," Shakira
-- Song in a motion picture soundtrack: "Lady Marmalade" ("Moulin Rouge," Christina Aguilera); "Milagros" ("The Princess Diaries," Myra); "Oye Como Spy" ("Spy Kids," Los Lobos); "Polkas Palabras" ("The Fast and The Furious," Molotov); "Siempre" ("Crazy/Beautiful," La Ley)/
-- Male performer: Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias, Fat Joe, Ricky Martin
-- Female performer: Christina Aguilera, Jennifer Lopez, Shakira, Jaci Velasquez
-- Breakthrough artist/group: Joy Enriquez, Juanes, Laura Pausini, Lupillo Rivera, Ozomatli, Paulina Rubio
-- Latin group: Intocable, La Ley, Los Tucanes De Tijuana, Ozomatli, A.B. Quintanilla Y Los Kumbia Kings, Son By Four
(Thanks to UPI Hollywood Reporter Pat Nason)
A 31-year-old man faces charges of trespassing and making criminal threats after being arrested in Los Angeles Wednesday for allegedly stalking rapper-turned-record-mogul Master P.
In a statement, the musician said Antwan Baker had been dogging him as far back as 1999, pestering him for a recording contract and for his company, No Limit, to finance a movie. He said he'd had to call security several times to remove Baker.
The latest confrontation took place in the reception area of P's attorney. When building security stepped in, Baker allegedly began shouting and making threats. Police were called and he was arrested.
OZZY'S MISSING DOG
A member of the Ozzy Osbourne family has gone missing and they're willing to pay to get him back.
Pippi, the family's little black Pomeranian, has been AWOL from the family's Beverly Hills, Calif., home for several weeks now, daughter Kelly Osbourne tells MTV News.
A $500 reward is being offered for any information leading to the canine's retrieval.
The dog has been shown among the supporting cast of the popular reality show "The Osbournes."

domain: artistic


text:
The Hol Chan Marine Reserve is located just off the southern coast of Ambergris Caye. It is also easily reached by boat from Caye Caulker. Covering 3 square miles, this marine reserve offers snorkelers and divers a chance to see amazing coral formations and a an exceptionally healthy marine ecosystem. Established in 1987, the protected marine status has resulted in a significant growth of marine life over the past couple of decades. The word Hol Chan is Mayan for “Little Channel” and refers to a channel that cuts through the Barrier Reef. The constant flow of tidal currents through this channel brings a constant supply of nutrients which work their way up the marine food chain resulting in the abundance of fish and other marine life.
This excellent snorkeling and dive site has much to offer both the novice and advanced diver. Inside the reef, coral rises to the surface in a long snaking ridge and outside gently slopes down to 35 feet, unveiling many shallow water corals and an abundance of gorgonians. The sloping shelf is dramatically cut with deep cracks and crevices winding to the reefs outer edge where a great wall drops to depths beyond 130 feet. Since fishing is prohibited in the reserve, you will often encounter a diversity of marine life including spotted eagle rays, barracudas, loggerhead turtles and friendly nurse sharks.
Within the marine reserve you’ll find Shark Ray Alley. This snorkleing site was selected as one of the best “animal dives” in the Caribbean. Here you will find an impressive array of stingrays and friendly nurse sharks. You are perfectly safe jumping into the water with them, as they seem to enjoy human interaction, but it certainly makes for an exhilarating and memorable experience.
All Photos Credit, Gruber Photographers
Plan your Belize Vacation
- Here’s a list of Tour Operators in Ambergris Caye to take you to snorkel or dive Hol Chan.
- Here’s a list of Tour Operators in Caye Caulker to take you to snorkel or dive Hol Chan.

domain: geography


Flower Footprint: 5' x 5'
Gavita Pro 1700e Gen2 LED Grow Light
The Gavita Pro 1700e LED fixture operates at 645 watts with an output of 1700 µmol s-1 PAR and an impressive efficacy of 2.6 µmol s-1 per watt. The Pro 1700e delivers broad, intense light coverage with its 8 passively cooled LED bars allowing you to use it in low rooms, vertical racks, over benches, or even in tents.
This powerful, full-spectrum light source is intended for full-term plant growth from the vegetative stage to the higher-light-requiring bloom and finishing stages. Built with premium drivers, Samsung white LEDs and Osram deep-red LEDs, this fixture uses only the highest-quality components.
The fixture is dimmable to 50% without any loss of efficiency using the Gavita E-Series LED Adapter and Gavita Master Controllers. The Gavita E-Series LED Adapter - 120-277 V (included) is required for each fixture when using the EL Controller (sold separately); non-controlled fixtures simply operate at 100%.
The Gavita Pro 1700e LED fixture and Gavita E-Series LED Adapter are FCC compliant, UL8800, and a maximum ambient operating temperature of 40°C. Sun Grip® light hangers included.
Pro 1700e Gen 2 Downloads
Pro 1700e Gen 2 Spec Sheet
Pro 1700e Gen 2 Features
- 8 passively cooled bars eliminate moving parts and provide full-spectrum, broad-coverage light for full-term growth
- High-output 1700 µmol s-1 PAR and an impressive efficacy of 2.6 µmol s-1 per watt
- Dimmable to 50% when using the Gavita Master Controller and E-Series Adapter
- FCC compliant, UL8800.
- Reliably sourced components including Samsung white LEDs and Osram deep-red LEDs make the 1700e built to last
- Sun Grip light hangers included for quick, easy installation
- If connecting to the Gavita EL1 or 2 controller an HGC906717 or HGC906716 is required.
- Each Gavita LED Bracket unit (HGC906160) includes 2 brackets (sold as a pair)
Pro 1700e Gen 2 Product Details
- Diodes: 3,336; Samsung and Osram
- Spectrum: Full-spectrum white with enhanced red for seed to flower growth
- PPF (light output): 1700 umol/s
- PAR Efficacy: 2.6 umol/J
- Maximum ambient operating temperature: Up to 40° C
- Operating/input voltage: 5.4 A (120V); 2.6 A (208-240V); 2.3 A (277V)
- Additional details: DLC, ETL listed, UL 1598, UL 8800, & CSA C22.2 No. 250.0 FCC Part 15, Non-consumer, IP66 rated
- Manufacturer's Warranty: 5 years
Optional UVR Add-On
The Gavita UVR LED 120-240V can be used as a stand-alone LED or to boost UV input when used with full-spectrum Gavita LED rail fixtures. The UV-A Supplemental LED fits directly into the chassis of the Gavita 1700e LED allowing for ease on installation and enhanced lighting.
Gavita Pro 1700e Gen 2 Specifications
||7' x 7'
||5' x 5'
||44.1" x 43.7" x 2.3"
||12" - 48"
||3 year limited


text:
RN37_08: Spatial segregation in cities
Methodological Considerations for Exploring Marginalized Urban Experiences: A Qualitative Geospatial Approach
Jagiellonian University, Poland
Inspired by Nishat Awan’s critical remark on the task of imagining cities that has for too long been the preserve of the privileged and the powerful, this presentation addresses the question of how to make the conditions necessary for editing back the neglected spatialities of the city into our accounts of urban space. Through reflections from an on-going study on the homeless city, that focuses on portraying the city as it manifests itself in the practical course of everyday life of its homeless dwellers, this presentation considers methodological possibilities for exploring and presenting marginalized urban experiences opened up by incorporation of geospatial technologies into qualitative urban inquiry. It discusses the potential of a methodological practice of walking supplemented with location-aware technology, i.e. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) software, for facilitating better understanding of how marginalized urbanites navigate their ways through the city, how they negotiate social boundaries and address material barriers, and how these practices mark spatial patterns of their (non)belonging in the city. This presentation demonstrates how narrative, visual and spatial data generated whilst walking may be brought together within GIS, and how its analytic and representational power may be taken advantage of for better understanding of how the lack of privilege in paced out through the city. It suggest that the combination of the walk-along method with geospatial technologies offers new ways of approaching spatial forms of inequality in the city.
“That thing they call a ghetto”: Distinctions in a Stigmatized Neighborhood in Copenhagen
Aarhus University, Denmark
In this paper, I investigate the social divisions and stigma management in a tainted area in Copenhagen, known as the Northwestern, currently transforming as the “new” gentrified area in the city. On the backcloth of the political economy of place in the contemporary capital of the Danish welfare state, I draw on an interview sample to analyze the residents lived experience, sense of belonging and everyday place-making in a publicly blemished territory. I highlight four main principles of vision and division that structure the resident’s perception and appreciation of their place: The golden past versus the stigmatized present, the immigrants versus the Danes, the welfare clients versus the ordinary citizens, and the future hipsters and creatives versus the old residents. I argue that the management of the territorial stigma must be seen in light of these structuring principles and in relation to the trajectories of the residents.
Profits of Trans/locality? Spatial Segregation and Practices of Organizing Resources in Times of Translocal Mobility and Communication
Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany
Increasing mobility changes how and where people access goods and services. These practices of organizing resources still are an expression of social inequality, but translocal mobility and communication challenges the way scholars have imagined urban inequalities to date. Studies conclude that social and spatial inequality coalesce and find expression in an unequal spatial distribution of resources, goods and services – that are said to lack in marginalized neighborhoods.
Pierre Bourdieu (2018 ) introduced the concept of spatial profit to refer to the interrelation of space and social position. Profits result: (1) as the proximity to desired infrastructures, (2) as position through the symbolically beneficial address and (3) the profit of occupying space to keep undesirable goods or people at bay.
In our presentation we scrutinize and broaden the idea of spatial profit as a profit of bounded localization. We assume that the concentration of desirable goods and services occur in specific neighborhoods, but investigate whether people also profit from the ways they use social relations and organize resources, goods and services considerably independent of locality. Thus, we suggest overcoming the spatial determinist thinking that people are restricted to the goods and contacts they are spatially surrounded by. We show for whom different spatial scales can be effectively used by presenting first results from a representative quantitative survey in four Berlin neighborhoods. The survey was conducted in the ongoing research project “'The World Down My Street: Resources and Networks Used by City Dwellers” (DFG-funded interdisciplinary Collaborative Research Centre 1265 ‘Re-Figuration of Spaces’).
The Politics Of Territorial Stigmatization
1Roskilde University, Denmark; 2Roskilde University, Denamrk
This paper analyses how social symbolic and material struggles over the city and especially the neglected and stigmatized territories are tightly linked to struggles over the reconfiguration of the state. The object is to draw up a preliminary construction of a field of urban politics – here in the case of Denmark: This construction offer an analysis of how different power and knowledge hierarchies play a pivotal role in the continual transformations, which the different solutions to urban stigmatization have affected – both in terms of professional categorizations and in terms of drawing and redrawing the social and symbolic boundaries in the city but also in terms of new moralities- and forms of local belonging and citizenship. As such focus is neither on the city nor on the state par se but on how the city and the state and their post-crisis transformation are intimately linked. On this backdrop, it is possible to outline a new socio-spatial configuration that reforms Harveys (1989) entrepreneurialism by combining it with new forms of authoritarianism both in the city and at the level of the state. Theoretically and methodological this study is inspired by Bourdieus reflexive sociology highlighting relations of symbolic power and its inscription in the city (Bourdieu 1991; 1999; Wacquant 2008; 2009; 2016). Empirically we combination a macro analysis of policy documents and a microanalysis of structured relational biographic interviews with 47 projectmanagers engaged in territorial de-stigmatization work in practice. Based on this we flesh out the contours of the new authoritarian governance of urban marginality as politics and practice.


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Independent Hearing and Assessment Panel (IHAP) is made up of professionals who will determine development applications.
Independent Hearing and Assessment Panel (IHAP) Charter
Every aspect of the IHAP is designed to improve transparency, integrity and confidence in our development assessment process.
The IHAP provides us with another level of assessment by experts who are independent of Council.
The IHAP also provides an opportunity for residents and applicants to present their views and / or concerns about a development application.
The function of the Canterbury Bankstown Independent Hearing and Assessment Panel (IHAP) is to:
The Panel may be briefed or requested to provide advice in relation to any development application at any point during the assessment process. Matters referred to the Panel for advice will be at the discretion of the Director Planning. Advice offered by the Panel on a development matter will be considered as part of the ordinary assessment process.
Planning Proposals will also be referred to the Panel for consideration and to provide a recommendation to Council on whether a Planning Proposal should be supported on its merits. The Panel may also recommend changes to a planning proposal for consideration by Council in determining whether to proceed with a planning proposal.
Development applications which meet the following criteria will be referred to IHAP for determination:
These criteria may change from time to time by Council resolution.
Matters to be determined by the Sydney South Planning Panel will not be provided to the IHAP for its review/advice unless requested by the Director Planning.
People who have an interest in a particular development application (whether as an applicant or someone who has made a submission) will be notified of its referral to the IHAP and advised that they may make an application to address the Panel about that development application.
The business paper for each month’s IHAP meeting will be published, both on our website and in hard copy (available for viewing at our Library and Knowledge Centres, Campsie Customer Service Centre and Bankstown Customer Service Centre) by 5.00pm on the Monday before the IHAP meeting.
Details of items to be considered by the IHAP are also available by calling us on 9707 9000.
First you should read the report going to the IHAP about the matter. If there are particular issues in the report that are important to you, you can apply in writing to address the IHAP.
Written requests can be sent to our Campsie Customer Service Centre, PO Box 77, Campsie 2194, or hand delivered to the customer service department of our Campsie or Bankstown Customer Service Centre. Emails can be sent to email@example.com. Requests should be marked “Request to Address IHAP”. Requests should include your name, address, contact telephone number/s, and the item on which you wish you to speak and be received by 12.00 midday on the date of the meeting.
You will be advised of any conditions which may apply to your address to the IHAP. If a number of people have similar views about the same development application, they may be required to appoint a spokesperson to address the IHAP.To make the most effective use of your allotted time, plan the points you wish to make beforehand and be guided by the Chairperson during the course of the hearing.
No. If you wish to make a written submission only, this will be considered by the IHAP. If you do wish to speak about your submission, you should contact our
IHAP Administration Officer on
For more information, or to ask a question, contact Council's IHAP Administration Officer on 9789 9446, or write to Council at PO Box 8, Bankstown 1885.


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Good solid recipe but I'm sorry, it's unfair to call them Empanadas. Most Latin Americans I know can't even afford sirloin when it's available, much less find won ton wrappers. My husband is Latin American and I've NEVER seen an Empanada in his country made with sirloin or a won ton wrapper..Mostly shredded chicken, shredded pork, shredded beef, cheese, even spinach. And, in a lot of Latin American countries won-ton wrappes are NOT easy to find. In fairness to this great street food, call it something else. Empanadas can be baked, also, not fried.
I like this technique of using wonton skins. Quite clever and very easy. I have tried other fillings as well: teriyaki beef from the take out place, chopped up rotisserie chicken with other spices and cajun spiced sausage chopped up. Pretty neat.
I've been making this recipe for years. They are time consuming to make, but I often make them as appetizers to bring to parties and get rave reviews from everyone. They are a bit bland if served alone, however the magazine originally specified serving them with the Roasted Yellow Pepper Sauce from the same article. The pairing is very tasty and that is how I always serve them.
First note to make - you MUST sprinkle with rock salt after baking and serve with sour cream or some sort of dipping sauce - too bland on its own. Secondly - My house smells worse that if I made french onion soup - it must be the all spice - so warning to everyone - throw your trash away immediately and run the dishwasher and STILL burn a candle. Thirdly - this is very labor intensive so plan on spending at least 30+ min just filling the won tons. But end result - covered in chopped cilantro like the recipe says & rock salt with a dipping sauce - it's worth the ride.
Good - fairly tasty and pretty easy-to-make. Used extra beef and onion instead of the potato -worked quite well. The wonton wrappers worked quite well and stayed together throughout the entire process. Good as an appetizer, as they are not terribly filling.
These are not for the impatient cook! Made these today, had plenty of time, but maybe I expected too much out of them- even with added spices, I didn't think they were very flavorful. They're not bad, though- we dipped them in sour cream. Next time, I'm going to just go ahead and use empanada dough, and a more exciting filling.

domain: food


E-Waste Recycling News & Communication
This is the official website blog for Total Green Recycling, Perth's leading e-waste recycling company for TV's, Computers and other electronic waste.
Here is where you can find the latest news and communications about E-waste & recycling in Perth, WA and Australia.
Total Green Recycling is leading Perth's recycling movement for tv, computer and e-waste recycling across Western Australia.
Founded in 2008 by brothers James & Michael, Total Green Recycling now collects and recycles hundreds of thousands of electronic devices every year, safely recovering large volumes of re-useable commodities and diverting hundreds of tonnes of toxic e-waste from WA landfills.
Total Green Recycling | 40 Felspar Street, Welshpool, WA, 6106, Australia


Research & Development –
Always discover new possibilities
Research and Development at Bodotex focuses on meeting customer needs for today and in the future.The success of our R&D is rooted in our ability to continue improving our existing products while innovating new ones that provide solutions for the fast-evolving composites markets.
Since 2004 Bodotex has developed its own original design epoxy resin systems for all types of industries. From basic ambient curing hand layup resins to high TG Mould Infusion Resins. Bodotex offers a wide range of original content and designed Epoxy Resin systems under the brand Bodopox® & Bodo®cure.
Bodopox® designs are owned by us and developed in our labs. These resin systems are used in a wide variety of applications in the EMEA regions. Our focus on meeting customers needs contributes to providing innovative products, maintaining competitive pricing and continuously improving quality.
We provide the best possible support to meet this constantly changing market.
Bodopox® – Epoxy Resin Systems together with our extensive range of Bodo®cure curing range are applicable typically into the following applications or configurations:
- Vacuum Infusion Resin Systems
- Hand layup Resin Systems
- Tooling Resin Systems High TG
- Extrusion Epoxies Systems
- Filament Winding Epoxies Systems
- UV Absorbing Epoxy Systems
- Stone Impregnation Systems
- Bisphenol Free Epoxy Systems
- Flooring Epoxies
Consulting & Chemistry
We are your full-service partner
We have excellent facilities available, and we can blend and package materials to meet your specific needs. We will handle the procurement, formulation, and packaging of the end-product to meet your company’s exact needs.
All chemical blending is performed under proper regulatory and safety guidelines.


text:
The download button opens the iTunes App Store, where you
may continue the download process. You must have iTunes installed with an
active iTunes account in order to download and install the software. This
download may not be available in some countries.
From PROJECT ASTON LIMITED:
-*** GAME DOES NOT CONTAIN ADS ***-Colorful bouncy balls will keep you entertained for hours on end as you match colorful balls and keep them contained - tap them and watch as they spin! The perfect game to play when you are bored, having a short break or simply want to relieve your boredom!It seems like simple rules, but it's not easy to puzzle out!Your mission is use your finger tap colorful balls,and make the colorful bouncy balls spin.No messing around with spin and direction controls, it's all done with a single touch!This of course is coupled with extra arcade style visuals!*Features*- Smooth game control- Vivid background music is in harmony with the game!- Add different game scenes and power-ups!- Mega cute graphics with very colorful background!---------------------------------

domain: game


Light water reactor coolant environments are known to significantly reduce the fatigue life of austenitic stainless steels. However, most available data are derived from isothermal testing of membrane loaded tensile specimens, whereas the majority of plant loading transients result from thermal transients and involve significant through-wall strain gradients. This paper describes the development of a high temperature water facility to enable both thin and thick wall hollow fatigue endurance specimens to be subjected to thermal and mechanical loading for a wide range of thermal cycles including rapid shock loading.
Thermal shock loading from 300°C to between 40 and 150°C has been achieved and Finite Element Analysis, FEA, has been used to calculate the thermally induced strain profiles through a 12mm thick-wall specimen. This indicates peak surface thermal strain ranges of up to 0.8% for a transient between 300 and 40°C. Testing is underway to investigate the impact of the strain gradient and thermal waveform on the fatigue life of this specimen where significantly longer lives may be expected compared to membrane loaded specimens.
The ability within the same facility to apply simulated thermal shock profiles to both thick-wall specimens and mechanically loaded thin wall specimens provides a powerful tool to assess the impact of thermal fatigue loading and thermal strain gradients on component life.


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Nowadays, Every dog owners have one question in common “What are the best dog food brands available in the Market?”
Providing high-quality ingredients to the dog is the main responsibility of a dog owner. But choosing the ideal healthy dog food is even more important. As per the experts, the best dog food not only leads to improve digestive health and absorption but also gives the dog many health benefits.
Searching for the top best food brands is not an easy task because there are lots of factors that need to be taken into consideration while choosing pet food because every dog needs a sufficient amount of nutritional needs in their body. Such as having high-quality ingredients in the food, selecting between dry food or wet food, food that suits your dog, and so on. To make your task a little bit easy we are going to provide you with the best options by giving the name of the top dog food brands.
You can also explore our other article to learn about the 20 Best Dog Food For Puppies
Top Dog Food Brands That Dog Owners Should Know
Here is the list of the 20 best dog food brands that provide fresh dog food and an adequate amount of nutrition and other health benefits. These dog food brands offer puppy food, wet dog food, dry food, etc. They have covered food for every life stages of a dog, whether it is small dogs, large dogs, adult dogs, etc.
- Nature’s Logic Dog Food
- Diamond Naturals Kibble
- Taste of the Wild Dog Food
- Nulo Freestyle Dog Food
- Nutro Ultra Dog Food
- Go! Carnivore Dog Food
- Eagle Pack Dog Food
- Wellness Core Dog Food
- Whole Earth Farms Dog Food
- Holistic Select Grain-Free Dog Food
- Annamaet Dog Food
- Wellness Complete Health Dog Food
- Instinct Dog Food
- Jinx Dog Food
- Blue Buffalo Life Protection
- Purina Pro Plan Focus Dog Food
- Canidae Grain-Free Pure Dog Food
- Orijen Dog Food
- Dr. Tim’s Dog Food
- Victor Classic Dog Food
1. Nature’s Logic Dog Food
Nature’s Logic Dog Food always makes its place in the list of top dog food brands. It is some of the best healthy dog food brands that give your dog high protein so that your dog’s skin and coat have cleared up nicely. Containing a fat-to-protein ratio of nearly 42%, Nature Logic dog food contains ingredients such as millet, chicken fat, pumpkin seed, and yeast culture. This brand includes puppy food, adult dogs food, and all life stages of dog food.
2. Diamond Naturals Kibble
Diamond Naturals Dog Food gives your dog complete nutrition. No matter whether you have small dogs, large dogs, or adult dogs, it was made with a holistic approach to support the overall health and wellness of the dog. Having a fat-to-protein ratio of nearly 58%, Diamond Naturals Dog Food contains both grain-inclusive and grain-free dry dog foods. If we talk about the ingredients list of Diamond Natural, it contains beef meal, ground white rice, dried yeast, sorghum, etc.
3. Taste of the Wild Dog Food
Taste of the Wild is the best food for dogs that provides pet parents with recipes that cater to your pet’s natural tastes. It contains 30% protein, 40% fat, and 30% Carbs. Real meat is always the 1st ingredient in each variety of taste of wild dog food. Ingredients included in this dog food are mostly, lamb meal, sweet potato, peas, etc. This brand covers all life stages of food for the dog. Some of the most 4 popular sub-brands of Taste of the Wild are Taste of the Wild Grain-Free, Taste of the Wild with Ancient Grains, and Taste of the Wild Prey.
4. Nulo Freestyle Dog Food
Nulo FreeStyle Dog Foods is one of the good dog food brands that Dog owners should not avoid. It have a wide range of wet food, dry food, freeze-dried raw, treat, and topper recipes for your dog. Being the Best grain-free dog food, it has meat meals as the primary source of animal protein. Dog food used many ingredients including sweet potatoes, chickpeas, and salmon meals. This brand includes puppy food, adult dogs food, and all life stages food for dogs. The Nulo FreeStyle Dog Food product line have many dry dog food including Nulo FreeStyle Adult Salmon and Peas, Nulo FreeStyle Adult Turkey, and Sweet Potato.
5. Nutro Ultra Dog Food
Nutro Ultra is a grain-inclusive dry dog food that is recommended by many veterinarians as the top choice among grain-free dog foods. Its product line includes various dry dog foods such as Nutro Ultra Adult, Nutro Ultra Puppy, and Nutro Ultra Toy Breed Adult. Chicken, Chicken Meal, Whole Brown Rice, Brewers Rice, Rice Bran, and Lamb Meal are some of the ingredients that Nuro Ultra Dog food have.
6. Go! Carnivore Dog Food
Go! Carnivore Dog Food is the best grain-free dog food brand that offers fresh dog food and have a sufficient amount of protein, fat, and carbs. It is suitable for any kind of dog whether it is small dogs, large dogs, or senior dogs. Having a Fat-to-protein ratio near 48 %, it includes ingredients such as tapioca, chicken fat, and potato. Go! Carnivore Dog Food product line has many well-known dry dog food products such as Go! Solutions Carnivore Grain-Free Salmon + Cod Recipe Dry Dog Food, Go! Solutions Carnivore Grain-Free Lamb + Wild Boar Recipe Dry Dog Food, and Go! Solutions Carnivore Grain-Free Chicken, Turkey + Duck Adult Recipe Dry Dog Food.
7. Eagle Pack Dog Food
Manufactured by WellPet in the US., Eagle Pack Dog Food is grain-inclusive dry dog food. It has a nearly 49% fat-to-protein ratio by containing 28% protein, 51% carbohydrates, and 13% fat level. Lamb Meal, Oatmeal, and Ground Brown Rice are some of the ingredients that are used in eagle pack dog food. The Eagle product line has many numbers of a product including Eagle Pack Power Adult, Eagle Pack Large, and Giant Breed Adult.
8. Wellness Core Dog Food
Wellness Core Dog Food is grain-free dog food that contains a high protein and has a fat-to-protein ratio of 42%. It is the best dog food that provides fresh dog food with proper vitamins& minerals which help to promote healthy skin and a shiny coat. Wellness Core Lamb Formula, Wellness Core Large Breed Formula, and Wellness Core Small Breed Healthy Weight are some of the products that come under the product line of Wellness Core Dog Food.
9. Whole Earth Farms Dog Food
Being a grain-inclusive dry dog food, Whole Earth Farms is the best dry dog food with a brand of 4.5 stars rating. It contains 28% protein, 16% fat, and 48% estimated carbs which makes the fat-to-protein ratio about 55%. Whole Earth Farms includes many ingredients such as Potatoes, Canola Meal, Peas, Chicken Fat, and Chicken Meal.
Whole Earth Farms Food product line has many dry dog foods including Whole Earth Farms Healthy Grains Beef and Rice, and Whole Earth Farms Healthy Grains Puppy.
10 . Holistic Select Grain-Free Dog Food
Holistic Select Grain-Free is a top dog food brand that provides fresh food and natural ingredients for your dogs so that they can live the best life. Having a fat-to-protein ratio of about 47%, its ingredients list contains potatoes, anchovy, sardine meal, menhaden fish meal, etc. Holistic Select Grain Free Senior Health, Holistic Select Grain Free Weight Management, and Holistic Select Adult Health Duck Meal come under the product line of Holistic Select Grain-Free.
11 .Annamaet Dog Food
Annamaet Dry Food is a food brand that has been providing fresh food to dogs for more than 30 years. It includes an average of 30% protein, 17% fat, and 45% carbohydrate which makes the fat-to-protein ratio of 54%. The Eagle product line has many numbers of a product. Annamaet’s product line has many numbers of a product including Annamaet Ultra 32% Dry Dog Food, Annamaet Original Extra Dry Dog Food, and Annamaet Original Adult Formula Dry Dog Food.
12. Wellness Complete Health Dog Food
Wellness Complete Health Dry Dog Food is one of the Best Dog Food Brands which is made specially formulated to meet the needs of dogs. It contains a bulk of its meat protein from chicken and chicken meals. This dog food brand contains 27% protein, 13% fat, and 52% estimated carbs which makes it a fat-to-protein ratio of nearly 50%. Wellness Complete Health contains many ingredients such as chicken meal, oatmeal, ground barley, peas, and Deboned chicken.
13. Instinct Dog Food
Instinct Dog Food gives your dog sufficient nutrition with artificial preservation. It contains 40% protein, 23% fat, and 29% estimated carbs which makes the fat-protein ratio about 57%. This is one of the best-tasting dog food that your dog can easily eat without having any digestive health problems. Instinct Original Grain-Free Dry has many ingredients including chicken meal, white fish meal, peas, chicken fat, and Beef.
14 . Jinx Dog Food
Jinx Dry Dog Food provides natural ingredients and have real protein, probiotics, and no fillers. It includes ingredients such as salmon, turkey meal, brown rice, Salmon, and pearled barley. Having a fat-to-protein ratio of nearly 52%, Jinx Dry Dog Food has a good amount of animal protein from fresh salmon.
15 . Blue Buffalo Life Protection
Having an average rating of 4.5 from customers, Blue Buffalo Dog Food is owned by General Mills, a U.S. food company. It contains 33% Fat, 23% Protein, and 44% Carbs and includes ingredients such as chicken, chicken meal, barley, and pea starch. Some of the most popular brands of blue buffalo are Blue Buffalo Life Protection Formula, Blue Buffalo Wilderness, and Blue Buffalo Homestyle Recipe.
16. Purina Pro Plan Focus Dog Food
Purina Pro Plan offers quality dog foods in varieties and provides specialized nutrition for a dog of all ages. It is backed by more than 100 Purina scientists including behaviorists, nutritionists, and veterinarians. Purina Pro Plan Dog has the most popular sub-brands such as Purina Pro Plan Adult, Purina Pro Plan Puppy, and Purina Pro Plan Sport.
17. Canidae Grain-Free Pure Dog Food
Canidae Grain Free Pure Dog Food is the best grain-free dog food that provides advanced nutrition and high-quality ingredient to nourish the dog’s best life. It contains 36% protein,16% fat, and estimated carbohydrates of nearly 43% of. Canidae Grain Free Pure product line has many dry dog foods including Canidae Grain Free Pure Puppy Chicken, Lentil and Whole Egg, CANIDAE Pure Goodness Real Salmon & Sweet Potato Recipe Adult Dry Dog Food, and Sweet Potato & Garbanzo Bean Recipe Dry Dog Food.
18. Orijen Dog Food
Orijen Dog Food is the best-tasting dog food that have a majority of its protein from chicken, turkey, and fish. It is a grain-free food with a 5 stars rating. It contains 43% protein,28% estimated carbs, and 21% fat making it a fat-to-protein ratio of about 47%. Orijen Dog Food have many ingredients such as Atlantic ﬂounder, cage-free eggs, whole Atlantic mackerel, and Deboned chicken.
19 .Dr. Tim’s Dog Food
Dr. Tim’s Dry Dog Food always makes its way into the list of top dog food brands. It is some of the best dog food that you give your dog full nutrition so that your dog’s skin and coat have cleared up nicely. Including an average of 34% protein, 21% fat, and 37% carbohydrates, Dr. Tim’s Dry Dog Food have a fat-to-protein ratio of 60%. The product line of this dog food brand includes many dry dog food such as Dr. Tim’s Active Dog Pursuit Formula Dry Dog Food and Dr. Tim’s Athletic Blend Glacier Formula Dog Food.
20 .Victor Classic Dog Food
Victor Classic Dry Dog Food contains a good amount of meat protein derived from a high-quality beef meal. It is fortified with vitamins, high protein, and minerals that help to promote healthy skin and a shiny coat. Having a 64% fat-to-protein ratio, the Victor Classic Dry Dog Food product line includes VICTOR Classic Professional Formula Dry Dog Food, VICTOR Classic Multi-Pro Dry Dog Food, and VICTOR Classic Hi-Pro Plus Formula Dry Dog Food.


Here’s Busta on the cover of the June issue of XXL. I’m curious to see how he’s gonna address the shooting in this interview.
Posted by eskay
on Monday, April 10th, 2006 at 4:07 pm
eager to read the interview. iwhile u wait for the magazine u can check out the best flipmode site online http://www.geocities.com/bustaunofficial
Mail (will not be published) (required)


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Calvin KleinPanelled low
With a more relaxed approach to laid-back urban wear, Calvin Klein Jeans shares CK's long history of high fashion and americana-influenced designs. These blue leather panelled low-top sneakers feature a round toe, stitched panels, a lace-up front fastening, a pull tab at the rear and a ridged rubber sole.
$200.00Extra 30% Discount on Sale Items, use the discount code: FF201910% Off For New Customers, use the discount code: AFF1015% off full-priced items only, use the discount code: FAR15
Get a message when this product is on sale.

domain: design


text:
Recent Blog Entries
- New Americans Campaign comes together for Citizenship Drive in Los Angeles
- Ushering in a New Season for CLINIC and our 11 Million Undocumented Neighbors
- Living in God's Image, Embracing the Immigrant
- Lent: A Reform of the Heart
- Immigration Policy and New Estimates of the U.S. Unauthorized Population
- A Lenten Call to Embrace Acts of Charity
- CLINIC Holds Unique, “Mega” Workshop Training Event in Los Angeles
- Do Immigration Laws Deny Religious Freedom?
- Joyful Anticipation
- Las Posadas: An Invitation to Hospitality
Highlights from CLINIC’s Immigration News Bulletin: 3/15-3/20
March 20, 2009
CLINIC compiles a free Immigration News Bulletin of immigration-related news articles of interest to our network on a regular basis. Every Friday, CLINIC will post each week’s the three articles most popular with its readers. Here are this week’s top stories.
- The Associated Press profiles the immigration detention system in the United States, noting that many individuals held in detention facilities lack even the basic Constitutional protections afforded criminal suspects. (Michelle Roberts, “Immigration Face Detention, Few Rights,” Washington Post, 3/15/09)
- According to two reports released yesterday by Human Rights Watch and the Florida Immigrant Advocacy Center, immigrants being held in detention facilities frequently receive inadequate medical services. The reports also argue that Immigration and Customs Enforcement could save money and avoid medical problems by limiting the number of elderly, ill and non-criminal immigrants held in detention. (Jennifer Kay, “Groups Bash US Health Care for Detained Immigrants,” Washington Post, 3/17/09)
- Some cities and counties are housing immigrant detainees in local jails and are receiving federal funds for their services. In many cases, local governments are profiting from the arrangement and are using revenues to cover budget shortfalls. Some advocates criticize the program, arguing that, among other issues, local jails may not be following federal detention standards. (Anna Gorman, “Cities and Counties Rely on U.S. Immigrant Detention Fees,” Los Angeles Times, 3/17/09)
You can receive the complete Immigration News Bulletin via email by signing up here.
CLINIC welcomes your thoughts and comments. When leaving comments please stay on topic and be respectful of others. CLINIC reserves the right to remove posted content that is defamatory.

domain: news


This Day in History: 1989-10-14
Wintery wet conditions did not deter people from attending the 136th (actually 131st) Toodyay Agricultural Show, held at the Toodyay Showgrounds. The Kalamunda Pipe Band, marching and pony and camel rides were only some of the many attractions. In the photography section, Jim Masters, of Glen Avon on the Northam-Toodyay Road, won the David Pitcher Trophy for the best nature photo. Robert Hamersley was still the President of the Toodyay Agricultural Society and Lee Johnson was the new Secretary.
Toodyay Agricultural Society. Schedule of prizes, 1989.
Toodyay herald, Sept. 1989, p.5; Oct. 1989, pp.7, 13; Nov. 1989, pp.1, 6.


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Togel Online is an exciting new way to win big amounts of money. It’s important to remember, however, that this is a form of gambling and that you should never invest more than you can afford to lose. In addition, it’s important to choose a trustworthy site that protects your personal information. The best way to do this is to look for a site that offers a secure SSL connection. This will keep hackers and unauthorized parties from accessing your information. In addition, a good site will have a customer service department that can help you with any problems that may arise while playing togel online.
In order to play togel online, you must first register as a member of the website. Once you’ve done this, you can then begin betting on the numbers that you think will be drawn in the lottery. Togel online has gained popularity amongst many people because it is easy to use and convenient. It also allows you to gamble in a safe environment. In addition, it can be accessed from any part of the world as long as you have an internet connection.
When playing togel online, you should always start small and work your way up. This will help you avoid making any mistakes that could jeopardize your financial security. It’s also a good idea to check out the terms and conditions of any website before you join. Some sites have minimum bet requirements, so you should read them carefully to ensure that you’re not breaking any rules.
If you’re a beginner, it’s a good idea to try out several different togel sites before choosing one. This will give you a better feel for the game and help you decide which is the best fit for your needs. Some sites also offer a variety of bonus programs, which can increase your winnings. These bonuses can be very valuable, especially if you’re a new player.
Togel online is an excellent way to earn a lot of money without spending too much time. It’s important to note, however, that this is a game of chance and can be very addictive. If you find that you’re losing control of your finances, you should consider quitting the game.
Togel is a popular lottery game in Indonesia and around Asia, and it’s now available on the web as well. To play, you must choose a reliable website that is licensed and regulated by an authority. These sites will have the latest technology and are backed by an experienced team of employees. They will also make sure your information is secure and that you won’t have any problems with the payment system. In addition, they will also offer you the best possible odds of winning. In fact, if you follow the right tips, you can actually win huge sums of money every day! But be careful not to spend too much money, as this can be very dangerous.

domain: finance


Against the background of a proliferation of greenhouse gas (GHG) programmes launched to tackle climate change, ISO seeks to bring clarity with a new brochure providing an overview of the different schemes and describing the practical role that GHG metrics standards such as ISO 14064 can play.
GHG schemes addressing climate change – How ISO standards help affirms, “Standards will play an increasingly important role in moving societies and economies to a more climate-safe development path. Standards can provide clear guidelines, help structure processes and set quality norms for the rapidly developing field of GHG management. In doing so they help facilitate new green technology markets and more energy-efficient and profitable business practices.”
ISO developed this publication to raise awareness and demonstrate the benefits of pro-active business and other stakeholder engagements in climate mitigation. ISO GHG standards such as ISO 14064 and ISO 14065 have been given wide coverage by international climate organizations, including the International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), as potential foundational standards for harmonising other standards and programmes.
The Introduction to the publication notes, “Vast new business opportunities will emerge to create low-carbon economies that are more energy efficient and profitable. It is time to prepare for this transition and take advantage of the new markets and industries that will shape the global economy in the coming decades.“
The brochure provides information to potential users of GHG standards and programmes, covering the following issues:
- Overview of the climate change context including a map of available GHG standards, as well as those currently in development
- Information on how GHG standards, such as ISO 14064, can provide the tools for implementing climate mitigation and adaptation strategies
- The future of GHG standards and how they can promote a faster up-take of new green technologies and low-emission practices
- Opportunities to enhance current GHG standards and standards development
- Proposed changes that would address challenges and help maximize the effectiveness of GHG standards in moving the world to a more sustainable future.
The principal authors are Tom Baumann, CEO of ClimateCHECK and Co-founder of the Greenhous Gas Management Institute, and Anja Kollmuss, Staff Scientist at the Stockholm Environment Institute. The brochure is not a normative ISO document but it does provide perspectives on the use and application of leading ISO GHG standards.
GHG schemes addressing climate change – How ISO standards help, A5 format, 54 pages, is published in English (ISBN 978-92-67-10543-7) and French edition. It is available free of charge from the ISO Central Secretariat through the ISO Store or by contacting the Marketing, Communication & Information department. It can also be obtained from ISO national member institutes (see the complete list with contact details). The brochure can also be downloaded as a PDF file free of charge from the ISO Website.
This brochure provides an overview of the different GHG schemes and describes the practical role that standards such as ISO 14064 can play.
- Greenhouse gas management and related activities
- ISO 14064-1:2006 [Withdrawn]Greenhouse gasesPart 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals
- ISO 14064-2:2006 [Withdrawn]Greenhouse gasesPart 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements
- ISO 14064-3:2006 [Withdrawn]Greenhouse gasesPart 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions
- ISO 14065:2007 [Withdrawn]Greenhouse gasesRequirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition