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Review for 3136 Final exam
Equality Rights (section 15)
Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia (1989) was the first s. 15 case to reach the Supreme Court.
Issue: *whether the requirement of Canadian citizenship for admission to the British Columbia bar is an
infringement upon or denial of the equality rights guaranteed by the s. 15(1) of the Charter.
* and if so, whether it is justified under s. 1
McIntyre wrote for unanimous court on the interpretation of s. 15. The court stated that the discrimination
must be based on an “enumerated(race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, or mental or
physical disability) or analogous grounds,” and the individual seeking to strike down a law must demonstrate
the existence of differential treatment based on either of the two grounds. From there the onus shifts to the
Crown who must show that the law is justified under s. 1.
The Court held that citizenship qualified as an analogous (to national or ethnic origin) ground of
The "Andrews test" asked two questions:
1. Has the law made a distinction based on personal characteristics (either those listed in s.15 or
characteristics that are "analogous" or like the characteristics listed in s.15).
2. Has there been discrimination, within the meaning set out above?
Thibaudeau v. Canada (1995) – marital status
The claimant was unable to establish that she had suffered a disadvantage by reason of her marital status. She
argued that the tax provision discriminated against separated custodial parents, because in an intact family
the income tax on money spent on child support would be paid by the spouse who earned the income.
The SCC by the majority of 5 to 2 held that Section 56(1)(b) ITA does not infringe the equality rights
guaranteed by s.15(1) of the Charter.
Cory and Iacobucci JJ: * the group of single custodial parents receiving child support payments is not placed
under a burden by the inclusion/deduction regime.
* Although there may be some cases in which the gross-up calculations shift a portion of the payer's tax
liability upon the recipient spouse, one cannot necessarily extrapolate from this that a "burden" has been
created, at least not for the purposes of s.15(1). Sections 56(1)(b) and 60(b) operate at the level of the couple
and are designed to minimize the tax consequences of support payments, thereby promoting the best
interests of the children by ensuring that more money is available to provide for their care. In Miron v. Trudel (1995), there was a first debate over marital status as being an analogous ground, but the
opinion of the Court was very controversial(4 – support, 4 – against, 1 – does not matter). However, in Nova
Scotial v. Walsh(2002), the Court was unanimous that marital status was an analogous ground.
The majority of the Court held that the matrimonial property regime of Nova Scotia, which was restricted to
the persons who were legally married, did not breach the s. 15, because it did not impair the human dignity of
the common-law spouses who were excluded by reason of their marital status.
*applying Law test*
Per McLachlin C.J. and Iacobucci, Major, Bastarache, Binnie, Arbour and LeBel JJ:
Examination of the context in which the discrimination claim arises also involves a consideration of the
relationship between the grounds and the claimant’s characteristics or circumstances. The MPA deems
married persons to have agreed to an economic partnership wherein both pecuniary and non-pecuniary
contributions to the marriage partnership are considered to be of equal worth entitling each spouse, inter alia,
to an equal division of a pool of assets upon marriage breakdown. The MPA also confers other benefits and
imposes other obligations on the spouses. The decision to marry, which requires the consent of each spouse,
encapsulates within it the spouses’ consent to be bound by the MPA proprietary regime. Unmarried
cohabitants, on the other hand, maintain their respective proprietary rights and interests throughout the
duration of their relationship and at its end. If they so choose, however, they are able to access all of the
benefits applicable to married couples under the MPA. They are free to marry, enter into domestic contracts,
own property jointly or register as domestic partners. There is thus no discriminatory denial of a benefit in
this case because those who do not marry are free to take steps to deal with their personal property in such a
way as to create an equal partnership between them.
Per Gonthier J.: There is agreement with the majority reasons. Legislative provisions that attach burdens
and advantages to marriage are not discriminatory in and of themselves. Legislatures are entitled to define
and promote fundamental institutions such as marriage, which is founded on the consent of the parties and is
contractual in nature. It is therefore fitting that certain attributes, rights and obligations which serve to give
marriage its unique character are not conferred on unmarried couples.
Law v. Canada (1999)
facts: The case involved Nancy Law, a 30-year old widow without dependents who was denied survivors
benefits under the Canada Pension Plan, which are usually given to those 65 or over, or to the disabled, or to
those with dependents at the time of death.
She appealed to the Pension Plan Review Tribunal on the basis that the age requirement was in violation of
her equality rights under section 15(1) of the Charter (which specifically names age as a grounds on which
one has rights against discrimination).
Issues: "whether ss. 44(1)(d) and 58 of the Canada Pension Plan infringe s. 15(1) of the Charter on the
ground that they discriminate on the basis of age against widows and widowers under the age of 45, and if so,
whether this infringement is demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society under s. 1." Decision and Reasoning:
The unanimous court, in an opinion written by Iacobucci J., held that the Canada Pension Plan did not violate
The test must make three broad inquiries.
(A) Does the impugned law (a) draw a formal distinction between the claimant and others on the
basis of one or more personal characteristics, or (b) fail to take into account the claimant's already
disadvantaged position within Canadian society resulting in substantively differential treatment
between the claimant and others on the basis of one or more personal characteristics?
(B) Is the claimant subject to differential treatment based on one or more enumerated and analogous
(C) Does the differential treatment discriminate, by imposing a burden upon or withholding a benefit
from the claimant in a manner which reflects the stereotypical application of presumed group or
personal characteristics, or which otherwise has the effect of perpetuating or promoting the view that
the individual is less capable or worthy of recognition or value as a human being or as a member of
Canadian society, equally deserving of concern, respect, and consideration?
The entire analysis must focus on the purpose of section 15 which is:
to prevent the violation of essential human dignity and freedom through the imposition of
disadvantage, stereotyping, or political or social prejudice, and to promote a society in which all
persons enjoy equal recognition at law as human beings or as members of Canadian society, equally
capable and equally de

domain: law


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In Pakistan, GEPARD GPR 3D is available with a two-year warranty. Germany is where GEPARD GPR 3D is manufactured. The most accurate detector that can find all kinds of hidden things.


Also, I'd like to not have to be in SC to do SCA to a location.
But yeah. Sensors have some of the nuttiest cost/weight/performance ratios I've seen. You all know the drill. Yet for some reason, the only engineering that makes any kind of sense is the lightweight mod. Sure, I could widen my scan arc, but what does that do for me? I could double the weight of my sensors to see as far out as gasp 13 Km; if I get a really big, heavy array, but I have no reason to buy anything more than 1a save for the fact that I can't under-size my sensors.
I demand experimental effects! Auto-scan targets in range, reduce jitter from my gimballed/turreted weapons, or at the absolute least let me see further than my naked eyes could. Faster scanning- 360 degrees of scanning arc, ANYTHING to justify strapping 6-12 sidewinders to my ship.


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Tributes have been paid to one of the designers who restored Biddulph Old Hall to its former glory, following his sudden death.
Nigel Daly, who was 72, died at Nefyn in Gwynedd, north Wales, on 15th September.
He leaves behind his partner Brian Vowles, who along with Mr Daly had made it their mission not only restore the Old Hall, once the home of the pre-Raphaelite artist Robert Bateman, but to also recreate his romantic garden.
Mr Daly had given numerous presentations to Biddulph Historical Society on the restoration and history of Biddulph Old Hall since the designers set about their challenging quest.
Paying tribute, Roland Machin MBE, chair of the historical society, said: “Nigel’s talks were animated by his enthusiasm for his subject and attracted capacity audiences.
“His multiple talents as a researcher, gifted architectural illustrator and writer enthralled his audiences on every occasion.”
Mr Machin added: “His passion for his home that he and Brian stumbled upon one foggy afternoon was obvious to me as a neighbour and friend.
“My son and I enjoyed his company when we assisted with arbour culture projects in the Clough and his generosity at post-Christmas gatherings was legendary.”
He added: “His contribution in the restoration of the hall and historical documentation serves as his legacy to Biddulph and a wider community.”
Mr Daly and Mr Vowles bought Biddulph Old Hall in 2006, which they began to restore and to recreate the Bateman garden.
During the years since, organisations and societies have enjoyed tours of the property by Mr Daly, which were often followed by tea and cake.
In July, the hall and gardens featured in a six-page spread in House and Garden magazine, which praised the designers’ recreation of the Victorian garden, describing it as “peculiarly English” and that within the garden “the centuries seem to collapse in on themselves”.
Reacting to the magazine’s feature Mr Daly had said: “House and Garden won’t feature anything that isn’t original, so it was quite an accolade in that they felt the gardens were interesting enough. It was slightly surreal to see it in the magazine.”
Paying his tribute to Mr Daly, Coun John Jones, who represents Biddulph Moor, said: “I had the privilege of knowing Nigel. It’s such a sad and tragic loss. He was one of the warmest most generous-hearted people I’ve ever met. Nigel could not do enough for anybody. I was devastated when I found out.
“I feel for his brother David and partner Brian. Nigel was such a giving and generous fellow, and it is really sad that he has been taken far too soon.”
Coun Jones recalled Mr Daly’s generosity when he was chair of Staffordshire Moorlands District Council.
“When I was chair at Leek, Nigel and Brian offered to put on an afternoon tea at the Old Hall for all the civic leaders. They would not accept any money but put it on so we could raise money for the chairman’s charities.”
Coun Wayne Rodgers said: “It’s such sad news. He came to the town council’s tourism subcommittee meetings some years ago to tell us what he wanted to do with the Old Hall, and he went on to fulfil what he said he was going to do.
“With his partner he did such a fantastic job of restoring it.”
Mr Daly’s book, The Lost Pre-Raphaelite The Secret Life and Loves of Robert Bateman, tells the story about how he unearthed the hall’s history and that of Robert Bateman’s life, during the restoration project.
A memorial service will be held at St Mary’s Church, Astbury, at 1pm on Tuesday.
Donations, if desired, can be made to “Old Hall Restoration” towards a memorial staircase for Mr Daly in the tower at his home, via undertakers JA Whiston, King Street, Knutsford, 01565 632 644.

domain: history


text:
On Monday’s broadcast of the Fox News Channel’s “Ingraham Angle,” House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) argued that 2020 Democratic presidential candidate former Vice President Joe Biden would be easier for President Trump to beat than 2020 Democrat Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) and predicted that Sanders will win the nomination.
McCarthy said, “I personally believe beating Biden would be easier for President Trump. And I don’t know where these Democrats get behind. Bernie has a crowd, Biden does not. Bernie knows what states he’s in, Biden does not. Bernie knows that he’s running for president, not the Senate. Biden does not.”
McCarthy later added that former President Obama “sees that Bernie is going to win this thing, that Bernie has the momentum. This is where the Democratic Party has moved, a socialist Democratic Party.”
Follow Ian Hanchett on Twitter @IanHanchett
Please let us know if you're having issues with commenting.

domain: politics


PSA 10.5" CARBINE-LENGTH 5.56 NATO 1/7 PHOSPHATE 12" M-LOK MOE EPT SBA3 PISTOL KIT WITH MBUS SIGHT SET & ROMEO MSR
Barrel Length: 10.5"
Barrel Profile: A2
Gas System: Carbine-length
Barrel Steel: 4150V Chrome Moly Vanadium
Barrel Finish: Phosphate
Chrome Lining: No
Muzzle Thread: 1/2-28
Chamber: 5.56 NATO
Twist Rate: 1:7
Barrel Extension: M4
Diameter at Gas Block: .750
Gas Block Type: Low-profile
Muzzle Device: PSA Fluted Flash Can
Receiver Material: Forged 7075 T6 Aluminum
Receiver Type: M4
Handguard Type: PSA 12" Slant End M-Lok Rail
Bolt Carrier Group Included: Yes
Bolt Steel: Carpenter 158
Bolt Carrier Profile: Full-auto
Charging Handle Included: Yes
Overall Length: 21"
Build Kit: MOE SBA3 EPT Pistol Kit, Black
Optic: Sig Sauer Romeo MSR 2 MOA Red Dot
Barrel: 10.5" 4150V Chrome Moly vanadium steel, phosphate coated and chambered in 5.56 NATO with a 1 in 7" twist. Carbine length gas barrel is finished off with a PSA 12" Slant End M-lok Rail, a low profile gas block and a PSA Fluted Flash Can.
Upper: Forged 7075-T6 A3 AR upper is made to MIL-SPECS and hard coat anodized black for durability. Featuring a mil-spec finish, these uppers are made for us right here in the USA by a mil-spec manufacturer.
Flash Can: Palmetto State Armory's Fluted "FLASH CAN". This is a solid 6061 aluminum device that is designed to direct muzzle gases and the muzzle flash forward. Threaded 1/2-28 for 5.56 NATO. Black military-style hard anodizing. THIS DEVICE IS NOT DESIGNED TO REDUCE RECOIL, MUZZLE RISE, OR FLASH SIGNATURE. This device is designed to direct gasses and noise forward away from the shooter and enhance the weapon's appearance.
Bolt: Bolt is made of Mil-spec shot-peened Carpenter 158 steel. Gas key is secured with grade 8 fasteners and staked per mil-spec.
Build Kit: A high quality lower build kit with everything you need to assemble your AR-15 lower into a pistol. Features Enhanced Polished Trigger (EPT), Magpul Grip, Magpul Trigger Guard, and black oxide coated hammer and trigger springs. Also includes SB Tactical SBA3 Adjustable Pistol Brace, castle nut, latch plate, carbine buffer spring, 5 positioning mil-spec buffer tube, and standard carbine buffer.
Sig Sauer Romeo MSR 2 MOA Red Dot Sight:
The ROMEO-MSR is a sealed compact red dot sight intended for MSR, carbine, shotgun and air rifle. Brightness is adjusted with a top-mounted rotary dial, featuring 10 daytime and 2 night vision settings for quick target engagement in any condition.
Dependable IPX-7 waterproof and fog-proof performance
Over 20,000 hours runtime on a CR1632 battery
Top loading battery compartment with integral brightness control featuring 10 daytime and 2 NV settings
Ultra-compact size and weight with unlimited eye-relief and parallax-free operation
Aircraft grade aluminum housing and mount
Slipover, see-through flip-backs
*Customers are responsible for ensuring that when assembling kits, they must adhere to all Local, State, and Federal laws.


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Cheryl Cohen during her cooking demonstration Thursday at the Scottish Rite Cathedral in West Reading at the "Taste of Home Cooking Show."
As a child, chef Cheryl Cohen spent a lot to time in her grandmothers' kitchens.
The lessons she learned, decades later, serve as inspiration for a career as a culinary specialist with Taste of Home
magazine and cookbook publisher.
"The food on their table was a part of their daily lives," Cohen said.
Cohen brought her special brand of cooking to Berks County on Thursday night at WEEU's "Taste of Home Cooking Show" in West Reading.
About 1,200 food enthusiasts, hungry for cooking tips, jammed the Scottish Rite Cathedral auditorium for the annual cooking extravaganza.
"Food is a huge deal in Berks County," said Jo Painter, WEEU general manager and talk-show host. "It's something we all have in common: food, getting together with family and breaking bread."
The show, hosted by WEEU on-air personalities Mike Faust and Charles J. Adams III, featured about 40 exhibits ranging from candles to clothing.
VF Outlet Center, a prime sponsor, staged a fashion show featuring 52 models wearing contemporary outfits.
On stage in the auditorium, Cohen demonstrated 10 dishes based mainly on Taste of Home
The 60-year-old chef said she cooks the way Americans do, with basic recipes based on readily available foods that can be prepared quickly.
Cohen, who travels the country putting on cooking shows, said younger people are getting back to the basics of cooking.
"Young people are returning to the kitchen table," she said, "and eating like we used to."
Cohen had help from a battery of local volunteers, who did some prep cooking in a makeshift kitchen backstage.
Annie Sallade, a Wyomissing voice coach, baked an upside-down apple pie with pecan glaze under Cohen's tutelage.
"She uses orange juice in the crust, something I've never done before," Sallade said. "No flavor is spared in these recipes, which are not intended for calorie counters."
Contact Ron Devlin: 610-371-5030 or firstname.lastname@example.org.

domain: news


text:
Piraeus Bank is holding its second e-auction for the sale of bank-held properties.
The auction will take place on October 24 and 25 via properties4sale.gr; the Bank’s property auction website. The Bank’s first property auction was successfully conducted last June.
This time, 57 properties all over Greece will be auctioned off. These will include apartments, houses, offices, shops, plots and buildings in Attica and Thessaloniki, at holiday destinations, on islands and other cities and towns.
The starting price of the properties ranges between €11,000 and €1,050,000. Furthermore, the Bank says it is willing to offer favorable financing terms for the purchase of one or more properties.
For the Bank, this process will free up liquidity that will be channeled into the economy, and at the same time, it will help make the best use of the properties owned by the Bank, which would gradually lose their value if left unutilized.
Via the properties4sale.gr website, interested buyers and investors have access to detailed information regarding the auctioned properties and can easily search for residential and commercial spaces based on their preferences and available options.
The auction is open to all and the procedure is quite simple for interested buyers.
Another auction by Piraeus Bank is scheduled to take place in December 2017.


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Tomorrow, Wednesday, a campaign will be launched to prevent the exploitation of the assassination of Moayad HamidiEnglish - Tuesday 12 September 2023 الساعة 06:00 pm
Journalists, lawyers, activists, and public opinion elites are preparing to launch a human rights and media pressure campaign, tomorrow evening, Wednesday, to prevent the exploitation of the crime of assassinating UN official Moayad Hamidi, both humanitarianly and politically.
The campaign, which was called #Reveal_the_Truth and has a platform on Facebook and X; seeks to put pressure on the security authorities in Taiz to take serious steps to arrest the perpetrators and to support the tireless efforts of the Presidential Command Council in order to provide a safe environment for international organizations that are still based in Sanaa as their headquarters following the Houthi levies and blackmail methods they are exposed to.
The campaign also aims to restore Taiz's reputation and its cultural and civil status as an attractive model for development programs and humanitarian work and repels terrorism and extremist groups.
The coordinator of the campaign to reveal the truth, journalist Moaz Al-Maqtari, called on the communities and authorities of Taiz, the most densely populated city in Yemen, to mobilize and arrange a broader arrangement of roles and contributions and work together to achieve the just punishment that the killer of Muayyad Hamidi deserves, and to compensate for the humanitarian damages that resulted from the condemned terrorist crime.
Al-Maqtari stressed the need to restore Taiz's reputation and its cultural and civil status as an attractive model for development and humanitarian work programs and repellent of terrorism, and to expedite the disclosure of the results of the investigations into the case of the assassination of Muayad Hamidi, in a clear, transparent and convincing manner, ensuring that the case is placed on a clear legal and humanitarian path.
He called on the security authorities in Taiz to stop extrajudicial arrests, release detainees whose involvement in the crime was not proven and who were not wanted in connection with other criminal cases, and quickly refer those suspected of involvement to the Public Prosecution in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Penal Code.
He also called on the United Nations and humanitarian organizations to make greater efforts with the Yemeni government to overcome the restrictions and obstacles that have returned to obstruct humanitarian work in the country.


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Local Authorities are now starting to open their Discretionary Grant Funds to support local businesses and charities who did not qualify for support under either the Small Business Grant or Retail, Hospitality and Leisure Grant schemes.
The new scheme, which launched 27 May provides support to businesses and organisations that have suffered from a significant fall in income due to Covid-19 and have not been able to access other grants available. All applications for grants need to be submitted by 12 June 2020 to be considered.
To claim this new support, businesses must have been trading on 11 March 2020, have less than 50 employees, have ongoing, fixed property costs and not benefited from another Covid-19 related grant, including Self Employed Income Support.
Local Authorities have been allocated money to distribute these grants. Search on line to see how your local authority intends to distribute this assistance.

domain: economics


text:
Men’s Irish Aran Sweater in Diamond Knit
- Our Diamond Knit Wool Men’s Sweater from 100% Merino Wool, this Irish sweater is stylish, warm, breathable, sustainable, natural and long-lasting.
- Authentic Irish sweaters features traditional Aran stitches including cable and honeycomb, basket, and diamond patterns, that represent prosperity, abundance, and good luck, adding a touch of heritage to its design.
- The raised button collar offers warmth, comfort, and makes it easy to adjust the fit, while the ribbed cuffs and waistline provide a snug fit.
- Showcasing the excellent Aran craftsmanship, our piece makes the ideal gift for those who wish to connect to their Irish heritage or celebrate Ireland’s knitting tradition

domain: design


text:
Title: The Mitten
Author: Alvin Tresselt
Why I Love This Book: The story of the mitten has been portrayed in a few different books, and I think each one brings something a little different to this Ukrainian folktale. While the most popular tends to be the one written by Jan Brett, I also really enjoy this earlier rendition that seems to be the most unique. The bright colors contrasted with the black and white drawings make for beautiful illustrations that also have an authentic Ukrainian feel to them. Young children love this story, and my students had fun experiencing it many times as we compared the different books.

domain: artistic


text:
The shade of it all! The Kardashian/Jenner clan is super tight, so it’s safe to say that Kendall Jenner will always have her sisters’ back. But the model proved that she’s ride or die for her big sister Kourtney Kardashian after Kourt’s ex-boyfriend Scott Disick was spotted during an outing with his new girlfriend, 19-year-old Sofia Richie, and his two oldest kids.
An Instagram fan account posted a photo of Scott, 34, in the driver’s seat of a car with Sofia next to him and his five-year-old daughter Penelope and eight-year-old son Mason in the back seat. It’s the first time that Sofia had been spotted with her boyfriend and his kids — Scott shares three children with Kourtney — and it seems like Kendall was feeling some type of way about seeing her sister’s ex dating someone who is nearly three years younger than she is! “Awww Scott and his kids,” the 22-year-old wrote in the comments section and added a laughing face emoji, according to People.
(Photo Credit: Getty Images)
The photo was taken on Friday, Jan. 26 when Scott and Sofia went out to dinner at Nobu Malibu, which is a restaurant that is frequented by the Kardashian/Jenner family. Eyewitnesses observed Sofia and Scott throughout the date and revealed to E! News that the couple sat on opposite ends of the table from each other during their dinner date and Sofia seemed to be comfortable around Scott’s kids.
It looks like Sofia has finally earned the trust of Scott’s ex Kourtney because she was reluctant at first to let Scott introduce their kids to his new girlfriend. But Scott and Sofia have been dating since last May and it looks like their relationship is still going strong, and even Kourtney realized that Sofia has been a positive influence on Scott.
“Kourtney is giving Sofia credit for turning Scott into a better man, and more importantly, a better father,” an insider exclusively revealed to Life & Style last month. “She’s happy that Scott’s priorities have shifted from nightmare party animal to reliable baby daddy.”

domain: entertainment


text:
THE WEEK AHEAD
Legislative Focus: Defense Appropriations, Campaign Finance Disclosure, Sequestration
During the July 16 week, the House plans to work on defense spending and sequestration, while the Senate is scheduled to take up campaign finance disclosure and a judicial nomination.
The House is not in session today, but is set to convene at 2:00 p.m. Tuesday for legislative business and to take up five measures under suspension of the rules. Wednesday, and for the remainder of the week, the House is scheduled to take up one measure under suspension of the rules and the defense appropriations package under an open rule.
The House is expected to take up the “Sequestration Transparency Act” (H.R. 5872), which would require the White House to share its plans to deal with automatic budget cuts. The bill passed out of the House Budget Committee June 27 on a 30-0 vote. The House is scheduled to spend the rest of the week debating the FY 2013 Department of Defense appropriations bill (H.R. 5856). House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-VA) has said to expect late-night voting on what could be numerous amendments to spending bill.
The Senate convened at 2:00 p.m. today with roll call votes expected on a campaign finance measure.
The Senate plans to vote early in the week on the motion to proceed to the DISCLOSE Act (S. 3369), which aims to create greater transparency in campaign finance. The bill, sponsored by Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI), would amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to require 501(c) organizations to disclose contributions used to pay for political advertising, and would speed up the disclosure of donors to super political action committees. In addition, the measure would require any organization spending $10,000 or more on campaign-related activities to file reports with the Federal Election Commission listing their spending and contributions and identifying all donors contributing $10,000 or more.
The Senate also could continue work on a tax bill (S. 3364) which would create incentives for companies to bring jobs back to the United States. At 5 p.m. today, the Senate will begin consideration of the nomination of Kevin McNulty to be a U.S. district judge for the District of New Jersey. Upon disposition of the nomination, the Senate is expected vote on the motion to proceed to the campaign finance disclosure bill.
KEY HEARINGS & MARKUPS
Agriculture: The Senate Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee will hold an oversight hearing on the Dodd-Frank Act (PL 111-203), focusing on its impact over the past two years.
Tuesday, July 16, 2012 at 10:00 a.m., Russell 328.
Appropriations: The Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee will mark up proposed fiscal 2013 appropriations for departments, agencies and programs under its jurisdiction.
Wednesday, July 18, 2:00 p.m., 2358-C Rayburn Building.
Armed Services: The House Armed Services Committee will hold a hearing titled “Sequestration Implementation Options and the Effects on National Defense: industry Perspectives.”
Wednesday, July 18, 10:10 a.m., 2118 Rayburn Building.
Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs: The Senate Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee will hold a hearing to receive the semiannual Monetary Policy Report to Congress for the Federal Reserve System.
Tuesday, July 16, 2012 at 10:00 a.m., Dirksen G-50.
Education and the Workforce: The Higher Education and Workforce Training Subcommittee of the House Education and Workforce Committee will hold a hearing titled “Keeping College Within Reach: Exploring State Efforts to curb Costs.”
Wednesday, July 18 at 10:00 a.m., 2175 Rayburn Building.
Energy and Commerce: The Energy and Power Subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee will hold a series of hearings titled “The American Energy Initiative:”
Tuesday, July 17 at 3:00 p.m., 2123 Rayburn Building.
The Health Subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee will ghold a hearing titled “ Using Innovation to Reform Medicare Physician Payment.”
Wednesday, July 18 at 10:00 a.m., 2322 Rayburn Building.
Energy & Natural Resources: The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee will hold a hearing on the status of action taken to ensure that the electric grid is protected from cyber-attacks.
Tuesday, July 17, 2012 at 10:00 a.m., Dirksen 366.
Financial Services: The House Financial Services Committee will hold a hearing to receive the semi-annual monetary report from the chairman of the Federal Reserve.
Wednesday, July 18, at 10:00 a.m., 2128 Rayburn Building.
The Capitol Markets and Government Sponsored Enterprises Subcommittee of the House Financial Services Committee will hold a hearing titled “The Impact of Dodd-Frank (PL 111-203) on Municipal Finance:”
Friday, July 20 at 9:30 a.m., 2128 Rayburn Building.
Health, Education, Labor & Pensions: The Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee will hold a hearing titled: “Making College Affordability a Priority: Promising Practices and Strategies.”
Thursday, July 19, 2012 at 10:00 a.m., Dirksen 430.
Natural Resources: The National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee will hold a hearing on pending legislation.
Friday, July 20 at 9:00 a.m., 1334 Longworth Building.
Small Businesses: The House Small Businesses Committee will hold a hearing on the role of the federal government in expanding broadband access to small businesses.
Wednesday, July 18 at 1:00 p.m., 2360 Rayburn Building.
The Investigations, Oversight and Regulations Subcommittee of the House Small Businesses Committee will hold a hearing titled “Health Carte Realignment and Regulation: The Demise of Small and Solo Medical Practices.”
Thursday, July 19, at 10:00 a.m., 2360 Rayburn Building.
Special Aging: The Senate Special Aging Committee will hold a hearing on Medicare and Medicaid coordination for dual-eligibles.
Wednesday, July 28, 2012 at 2:00 p.m., Hart 216.
Ways and Means: The House Ways and Means Committee will hold a hearing titled “Tax Reform and the U.S. Manufacturing Sector.”
Thursday, July 19 at 9:30 a.m., 1100 Longworth Building.
SENATE ACTION ENDS SMALL BUSINESS TAX CREDIT PROPOSAL
The Senate last Thursday blocked further consideration of a proposed tax credit proposal intended to encourage employers to hire new workers (S. 2237). Specifically, the bill would allow businesses to deduct the full cost of equipment purchased this year and give employers a credit worth up to $500,000 to offset 10 percent of the amount they spend to expand their payroll in 2012 compared to 2011.
HOUSE, SENATE PASS VETERANS JOBS BILLS
On Wednesday, the Senate unanimously approved H.R. 4155, the Veterans Skills to Jobs Act. The measure directs the head of each federal agency to accept relevant military training as sufficient for any training or certification needs for federal licenses. The legislation stipulates that the applicant for the federal license must have received the relevant training while serving as a member of the armed forces. The House passed the bill under suspension earlier this week. The bill now goes to President, who is expected to sign the bill into law.
In addition, the House also passed H.R. 4114, the Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act, which directs the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to increase the rates of veterans’ disability compensation and additional compensation for dependents. The bill also increases the clothing allowance for certain disabled veterans and dependency and indemnity compensation for surviving spouses and children. The bill, introduced by Rep. Jon Runyan (R-NJ), passed the House by voice vote and requires that the increase in these benefits be the same percentage as the increase in benefits provided under Title II of the Social Security Act, which applies to Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance Benefits.
HEALTH CARE REPEAL LEGISLATION PASSES THE HOUSE
Wednesday, the House voted 244-185 to repeal the Affordable Care Act. The vote marked the second time the House has voted to repeal the entire health care law. The bill now moves to the Senate where it is unlikely to garner sufficient votes to pass
HOUSE COMMITTEE APPROVES FARM BILL, CUTS TO FOOD STAMPS
Last week, the House Agriculture Committee voted 35-11 to move its version of the Farm Bill to the House floor. The bill cuts direct spending by about $35 billion from current levels, with the bulk of reductions coming from the national food stamp program (SNAP). The bill eliminates direct payments to farmers but provides incentives through a new revenue insurance program and subsidies based on guaranteed prices. The conservation title, which provides farmers with funding and technical assistance to make environmental improvements, would receive a $6.1 billion cut from current levels. Last month, the Senate passed a $970 billion Farm Bill. Although the bills from both chambers are similar, the House bill makes steeper cuts in nutrition assistance and includes policy differences in commodity subsidies that will likely be worked out in conference.
Under the proposal, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) would be cut by $16.5 billion over 10 years. The measure would reduce current state flexibility which allows more families to qualify for benefits by restricting automatic eligibility for families (including for those receiving nominal LIHEAP payments), enforcing asset and gross income thresholds and ending eligibility for lottery winners and traditional college students. The measure would also eliminate performance bonuses to states for administering the program. The Senate passed its version of the farm bill in June, which calls for a smaller reduction to SNAP of $4 billion over 10 years.
SECRETARY SEBELIUS RESPONDS TO GOVERNORS
Last week, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius sent a letter to each of the nation’s governors pledging the Department’s commitment to work with them in implementing the Affordable Care Act and providing additional flexibilities for states to promote successful implementation of the health care law. On July 2, NGA wrote a letter to Secretary Sebelius to request guidance on state options regarding Medicaid expansion following the Supreme Court’s decision. A copy of the Secretary’s letter may be accessed here.


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Moving to Atlanta to Help Stop COVID-19 in Kansas and BeyondPosted on by
Before the COVID-19 pandemic began, I was a Public Health Institute/CDC Global Health fellow in CDC’s Central America office located in Guatemala City, Guatemala. I developed communication strategies that showcase the important work of my colleagues in the region. I also managed disease surveillance projects in Honduras and the Dominican Republic and helped with research on diseases such as rabies and Rickettsia felis, a disease caused by bacteria carried by fleas.
But when the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the globe, many staff members had to come back to the United States. I relocated to Atlanta in June 2020 with only one bag, unsure of what the next months would bring professionally and personally.
Joining the Kansas COVID-19 response from Atlanta
Everybody at CDC was supporting the COVID-19 response in one way or another. At the height of the first wave of the pandemic, I was reassigned to work with CDC’s Global Migration Task Force. I supported CDC’s COVID-19 response in southwest Kansas from Atlanta, because pandemic-related travel restrictions prevented staff from traveling to the region.
Kansas has a large meat-processing industry. It ranked third in the United States in total red meat production in 2019, according to the Kansas Livestock Association. This industry was hit hard with COVID-19 infections in the spring of 2020. The large, factory-scale slaughterhouses became hot spots for COVID-19 transmission.
For the next five months, my work centered around a small community of meat-processing employees. Most of these essential workers were immigrants or refugees from Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa . To help CDC create effective communications tools for this specific group of people, my colleagues and I were asked to find out what they knew about COVID-19 and what they thought this new virus might do to a person.
It was not an easy task. We did not have CDC staff on the ground in Kansas to talk to workers, so we got creative. First, we looked at what was being discussed on Facebook and other social media. We searched for local churches on the internet. We reached out to refugee resettlement organizations. We contacted different groups to better understand what people in meatpacking plants were dealing with. Then we interviewed community leaders and employees.
These interviews provided invaluable insight into what was troubling the workers in this part of Kansas. Community leaders told us how misconceptions about asymptomatic or mild disease persisted, that the difference between isolation and quarantine was unclear, and that people were unsure about what to do while waiting for COVID-19 test results.
Our research suggested that structural supports were needed to make sure essential workers in the meatpacking industry could protect themselves at home, in the community, and in the plants. These included local government mask mandates and making masks available on site. Protecting workers by installing dividers in the plant and closing parts of the plant where people would usually gather were other ways to help them be safer. We also learned about using diverse channels to share COVID-19 information in plain language and in the languages that the workers spoke. These steps could help improve trust between public health and multicultural communities.
COVID-19 on a personal level
While I was experiencing a lot of growth in my career supporting the response in Kansas, I was also dealing with COVID-19 on a personal level. This was happening at the same time as COVID-19 hit New York, where I grew up. One of the many New Yorkers who got sick was my uncle. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized shortly afterwards. Days later, my mother received the dreaded call from the hospital informing her that her brother had died. She was beside herself with grief. Then a few minutes later, the hospital called back and said they had made a mistake, and he was still alive. My mother was beyond upset and didn’t understand how such an error could be made.
A few days later, the hospital called again, telling my mother that my uncle had died. This time, it was true, but she did not believe them. My mother had lost her faith in the health system. While she was mourning the loss of her brother, I used a lot of lessons learned from my research with the people in Kansas to help her cope. I explained to my mother how everyone was working very hard, trying to do their best, but that healthcare systems aren’t perfect.
When COVID-19 vaccines were finally available, my mom’s mistrust was big. My work with folks in Kansas instilled patience, understanding, and empathy, which I used to address her doubts about COVID-19, and especially about the vaccines. I’ve learned the importance of taking a step back, listening to the stories that have profoundly affected people, and then finding a way to communicate the important public health messages we need to convey, especially to those closest to us.
COVID-19 career growth
In November 2020, I became an information manager with the CDC task force that coordinates the agency’s response outside the United States. For the next two months, I managed and distributed information to CDC country offices around the globe. This included news stories about CDC and the COVID-19 pandemic and updates on CDC research such as surveillance, lab and diagnostics, and vaccine preparedness.
I learned how important it was to provide leaders and subject matter experts with the most up-to-date information to help their teams plan the next steps to end this pandemic. I was also able to network and make meaningful connections with CDC staff while giving me the chance to show them my skills and work ethic.
Being part of CDC during the biggest pandemic in more than a century was very rewarding. I witnessed how public health experts help people during a health emergency. I will carry this experience with me throughout my career.
One of the most important things I learned was how much work still needs to be done to meet the needs of diverse communities. Even when resources are provided, there is no guarantee that people will understand and use them if their identity and cultural norms are not considered. My family’s experience with COVID-19 provided important insight for me too. It taught me how public health agencies need to continue to learn to fully engage or provide support to racial and ethnic minority groups impacted by COVID-19.
I became a full-time CDC employee in February 2021. I’m proud of the work I’ve done as a fellow and what I’m doing now as a public health advisor with CDC’s Travel Restriction and Intervention Activity team. I think of my uncle often and honor his memory with the work I do. I feel more empowered than ever to work in service of communities. There is a place for me in public health and for anyone who wants to make a positive contribution to the communities they belong to.

domain: medical


text:
By Bill Matthews
Sloshy (left) will replace lovable Chief Wahoo
(CLEVELAND) There will be a big change for the Cleveland Indians next year.
No, the team isn’t planning on actually winning the World Series (something it hasn’t done since 1948). The squad will have a new mascot. Instead of Chief Wahoo, a cartoon depiction of a Native American, the team plans to adopt a mascot that’s even more offensive.
Meet Sloshy the Drunk Mohican.
“We felt that Chief Wahoo just didn’t go far enough in offenind people while at the same time being representative of what the Cleveland Indians are all about,” said team president Todd Marinovich. “We also are extremely optimistic about Sloshy’s marketing potential.”
Native Americans, who have long protested Chief Wahoo as a negative caricature, are at a loss for words.
“We didn’t think they could actually go any further,” said activist Victor Belle.
Many athletic teams have dropped Native American names and logos in recent years. But the Indians feel that is just politically correct posturing.
“We’ve been the Indians for as long as anyone can remember,” Marinovich said. “We shouldn’t break our traditions of having a cartoon Indian as our mascot. ”
Marinovich pointed to Notre Dame’s Fighting Irish leprechaun as a proud example of a grotesquely cartoonish mascots.
“You don’t hear leprechauns complaining about the depiction,” he said. “People need to take a joke, like the Cleveland Indians have always been.”
© 2009 The Peoples News


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Everyone is really open-minded and down to go wherever the music takes us! It takes them a lot of places. The song has a special emphasis on collectivity. The idea is that the band, whether the duo or with guests, can play around with the melodies, etc. And despite a little distance on the horizon—Blades recently relocated to L. The extra-musical bond keeps growing, too. Our friendship. The quartet creates an original, collective, improvised and organic live dub that is in the tradition of the original songs and with new versions that fully deserve to be mentioned in the same breath as the originals.
The former was quite easy. They hired the Juno winner the Canadian music prize and pendant to the American Grammy from Ammoye , with an amazing voice, who was born in Jamaica and raised in Toronto, Canada. Fatter Dub. Tracks on Disc 2: 1. Satta Dread 2. Exalted Dub 3. Tubby Get Smart 4. Wreck Up A Version 5. Beat Them In Dub 6. Channel Is A Joker 7. Channel One Under Heavy Manners 8. Channel Get Knockout 9. Everybody Needs Dub Dub With A View Dub Is My Occupation Dub Fi Gwaan Dub Investigation Thunder Rock Version Of Class The Champion Version I hereby offer you a fabulous album Check it out, I think you'll like it.
Avatar are real musicians rather than electronic sound tinkerers Assembled by instrumentalists Jah Bass and Tony O'Flaherty and specialising in their own brand of dub, they have succeeded in producing an eight-track CD entitled 'Like River To Ocean' that reflects their love and respect of reggae. Their style is far from the simple reproduction of past Jamaican models or a variation on the popular UK Nu-Roots mould.
Playing all original tunes, it's clear that they've absorbed all manner of diverse influences that are difficult to pin down precisely. It's music that's difficult to categorize, then, but it's engagingly different, atypical. It's also nicely put-together and presented. The elegant and timeless songs featuring on avatars Like River To Ocean create a unique blend of harmony, sonic balance and groove Avatar bring a bright sound to these darkling days.
Like River To Ocean will leave you with hope in your heart in these bleak times. As a whole this album manages to soothe, groove and uplift simultaneously. Whether you like dub or not, you should go treat yourself and buy this album - it's a right little gem. I keep playing this album over and over. I find it both musically intricate and a joy to listen to.
It is beautifully recorded and composed. The standard of musicianship cannot be faulted. If you haven't heard it then give your ears a treat now!Dec 16, · The Senior Allstars - In Dub () Our new desktop experience was built to be your music destination. Listen to official albums & more.


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Lakeland man arrested for spitting on sidewalk
LAKELAND A Lakeland man was arrested early Wednesday morning with spitting on the sidewalk after he said he got into a heated argument with a pair of police officers. Joseph Stoiber was charged with spitting on a public sidewalk and released on $250 bond. Stoiber, 28, said he was walking in his neighborhood near Florida Southern College around 2:30 a.m. when he was approached by officers at the corner of South Ingraham Avenue and Lexington Street."I'm an insomniac and honestly I like staying up later," Stoiber said. Lakeland assistant police chief Larry Giddons said, a recent rash of burglaries have prompted police to step up patrols in the area. According to Giddons, police said Stoiber appeared to be loitering and under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and didn't provide a reasonable explanation when asked what he was doing in the area. He then refused a legal request to be patted down – which, by law, is within his rights. "He said, 'Can I pat you down,' and at that point I said, 'No, you cannot," said Stoiber, adding he does not use drugs or alcohol. Stoiber said an argument ensued, and an officer handcuffed him. Stoiber, who was chewing snuff, leaned over to spit on the sidewalk, and was taken into custody. "I bent over slightly into the grass area and spit slightly without any audible noise," Stoiber said. "The police officer then looked at me and he asked me 'Did you spit on the curb?' And I responded, 'Yes I did.' " Giddons said police officials plan to speak with the officer involved. Stoiber says he has hired an attorney to investigate possible legal action.


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Images » Keira Knightley » Keira Knightley Wallpaper
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Keira Knightley shows 'racy' side in recreating "When Harry Met Sally" scene
11th February 2015 @ 03:38am
Keira Knightley provided fans and entertainment observers with a 'taste' of her mischievous side when she recreated the famous "When Harry Met Sally" fa ...
Keira Knightley Oscars 2015 win would be long overdue recognition of her talent
22nd January 2015 @ 11:04am
Keira knightley is up for an Oscar this year and a win would be the recognition that she really deserves
Keira Knightley’s Chanel ad gets banned in the UK for being too racy and suggestive
14th February 2013 @ 09:07am
Keira Knightley's latest Chanel ad has been banned in the UK for being too suggestive
Scrutiny of Jennifer Garner's comments about Al Pacino a product of snub?
Jessica Chastain earns Hollywood insider applause with Empire Awards dress
Real life 'scaredy-cat' Lauren Cohan continues impressive ascent with 'The Boy'
Ellen Page reveals how 'coming out' freed her from fashion 'prison'
Did Jennifer Lopez create massive blunder with false Casper Smart break-up?
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SOLD FOR: $3,202.77
Make: H-S Precision
Model: Pro-Series 2000 SA
Serial Number: 9534
Year of Manufacture: Circa 2000s
Caliber: .22-250 Remington
Action Type: Detachable Box Magazine Fed Bolt Action Rifle
Barrel Length: 24” Fluted Barrel
Sights / Optics: The barrel has no provision for iron sights. The receiver is mounted with a Swarovski Z6 5-30x50mm scope with a range finding reticle and clear glass. There are some light handling marks, but no notable defects. This scope rates in Excellent condition.
Stock Configuration & Condition: The stock is on piece lightly textured tan, green and brown camouflage pattern synthetic There are two sling swivel studs in front and one on the belly of the stock. The stock features a wide bottom forend, a pistol grip, a fluted straight comb and a black rubber recoil pad. There are some handling and storage marks, scuffs, rubs, and very small scratches. The LOP measures 14 5/8” from the front of the trigger to the back of the H-S Precision textured solid rubber buttpad. The buttpad has some light handling marks, but no cuts or tears. The stock rates in about Fine Plus overall condition.
Type of Finish: Matte Black
Finish Originality: Factory Original
Bore Condition: The bore is bright and the rifling is sharp. There is no erosion in the bore. In this writer’s opinion, this bore rates a 10 out of 10.
Overall Condition: This rifle retains about 97% of its metal finish. There are some light handling and storage marks and a few scuffs. There is some standard operational wear. The screw heads are undamaged. The markings are clear and easily read. Overall, this rifle rates in about Fine Plus condition.
Mechanics: The action functions correctly. The rifle has a three-position safety and utilizes a push feed bolt. We did not fire this rifle. We have cleaned this firearm and performed a mechanic’s check but expect many will want to clean the firearm again depending on their standards.
Box, Paperwork & Accessories: Included is the previously mentioned Swarovski scope and one magazine.
Our Assessment: This is an H-S Precision Pro-Series 2000 SA chambered in .22-250 Remington. The rifle has a 24” fluted barrel, a camouflage pattern synthetic stock, a three position safety and features a Swarovski Z6 scope. The rifles are all built right here in the U.S.A. in their South Dakota machining facility and brand new from the factory the company guarantees ½ MOA on calibers .30 or smaller. While this one is used, it is in Fine Plus condition and has been very well taken care of by its previous owner and looks great. For those who are after their next high end varmint hunting rifle, don’t look any further. Please see our photos and good luck!
Keep Your Powder Dry and Bid High!


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The recruitment of Conyers, Ga. TE Justin Jones seems be taking on a bit of a VH1 reality show feel, minus the awesome. The 6’8″ 250 pound, three-star TE originally committed to UK this fall after his recruiting trip to South Carolina was greeted by exactly zero of the Gamecock coaches. Since then, Jones’ recruitment has gotten a little strange, starting with a decommitment from the Cats. Then, Jones made a public declaration of that he wanted to play for Alabama after the Tide coaches scouted one of his games. He said he wasn’t really feeling the idea of playing O-line at Vandy, then scheduled a visit for December. He warmed up again on the Gamecocks, and now he’s even considering taking another visit to UK. Oh, to be young again.
And, if that gets your football recruiting juices flowing, check out this pretty good recap from The Item (South Carolina), which details a lot of what is going on in the SEC recruiting right now. In addition to a little bit on Jones, they say that 4-star wideout Alshon Jeffery is still interested despite the decommitment of his QB David Sims. Also, two-star DE/TE Terrell Mitchell remains interested in the Cats and 4-star OL J.K. Jay is sticking with his commitment to Clemson until they name a new coach, but it seems that UK is no longer an option.
Also, the aforementioned Jones was named to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution’s updated Georgia 150 list. Here are other UK commits/targets on the list (** denotes committed already):
Zac Fairchild (QB) 6-4, 226
Brian Adams (WR) 6-4, 210**
Terrell Mitchell (DE/TE) 6-6, 220
Kevin Mitchell (OL) 6-7, 295**
Tristian Johnson (DE) 6-3, 220**
Ryan Robinson (DE) 6-5, 245
Qua Huzzie (LB) 5-11, 205**
DeDe Lattimore (LB) 6-0, 225
Demetri Merritt (LB) 6-4, 205**


The present description relates to the field of substrates for use in packaging and mounting semiconductor and micromechanical dies, and in particular to building coreless substrates over a temporary core and then removing the core prior to finishing the substrate.
2. Related Art
Integrated circuits and micromechanical structures are typically formed in groups on a wafer. The wafer is a substrate, typically of silicon or the like and then is cut up into dies, so that each die contains one integrated circuit or micromechanical structure. Each die is then mounted to a substrate and is then typically packaged. The substrate connects the die to a printed circuit board, socket or other connection. The package supports or protect the die and may also provide other functions such as isolation, insulation, thermal control and more.
Substrates for this purpose are typically made of woven glass layers pre-impregnated with an epoxy resin material, such as the prepreg laminate FR-4 commonly used for printed circuit boards. Connection pads and conductive copper traces are then formed on the substrate to provide the interconnection between the die and the system to which it is mounted.
In order to reduce z-height and improve electrical connection, coreless substrates are used. In the coreless substrate, the connection pads and conductive traces are first formed over a core. After these structures have been created, the core upon which the connections are formed is removed. Since a prepreg core may be 800 or more microns thick, removing it can reduce the height of the substrate by more than half. For some coreless technologies a copper core is used rather than a prepreg core.
Creating a coreless substrate, however, presents challenges in providing sufficient structural rigidity and appropriate thermal properties. In addition, there are limitations in forming the layers on the core because only one side of the eventual substrate is accessible. The other side is blocked by the temporary core.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a cross-sectional side view of a coreless substrate attached to a system board and carrying a die according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2A is a diagram of a beginning stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2B is a diagram of a patterning stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2C is a diagram of a plating stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2D is a diagram of a stripping stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2E is a diagram of a layering stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2F is a diagram of a via drilling stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2G is a diagram of a electroless plating stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2H is a diagram of a patterning stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2I is a diagram of a plating stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2J is a diagram of an etching stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2K is a diagram of a layering stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2L is a diagram of a layering stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2M is a diagram of a patterning stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2N is a diagram of a DFR laminating stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2O is a diagram of a core separation stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2P is a diagram of a DFR stripping stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2Q is a diagram of a SR coating stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2R is a diagram of a metal coating stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention'
FIG. 2S is a diagram of a presolder stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2A is a diagram of a beginning stage in a process for fabricating a coreless substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention'
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cross-sectional side view of a temporary core with coreless substrates formed on either side according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a cross-sectional side view of a coreless substrate formed on one side of a temporary core according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Top of Page
According to an embodiment of the invention, a protective step is used to separate a coreless substrate from the temporary core before the substrate is submitted to a SR (Solder Resist) process. Once separated, thin package SR may be used to transform the BE (Back End) of a coreless substrate to a standard building FCBGA (Flip Chip Ball Grid Array) process. This allows many conventional chemistry and processing steps to be used. It also allows coreless substrates routing to be formed on both sides of the substrate.
It may be difficult to produce coreless packages using existing materials. Some processes have been proposed which require new surface chemistry. A new surface chemistry imposes new capital investments for substrate suppliers, for developing experience and consistency, and for creating the surface finishes between top and bottom layers.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the assembly process may use a very similar external SR layer to substrates with cores. This simplifies the manufacture and also the integration of coreless packages and those with cores into larger systems. Such a single surface finish chemistry allows for better shock performance and minimizes assembly transparency issues. According to an embodiment of the invention, Ni (Nickel) may be used as a barrier for a Cu (Copper) chemical etch.
According to an embodiment of the invention the inner side of a package formed with a coreless substrate will have a thicker Ni layer. In one example, the Ni layer is approximately one hundred times and at least ten times thicker than the adjacent layers, for example Pd and Au. The thicker Ni layer may also have a different grain structure. In addition, as described below, SR may be formed on both sides of the substrate rather than on only one side. In other words, a dual side SR may be produced for coreless ultra thin packages.
Referring to FIG. 1, a portion of an electronics system 72 is shown. The system may be a computer, a portable information manager, a wireless device, an entertainment system, a portable telephone or communications manager, or any of a variety of other electronics systems. In the illustrated example a package 68 is soldered to a motherboard 76, or any other system or logic board. The package is attached with solder balls 74 or any other type of attachment system may be used including a socket or other fixture. The motherboard supplies power, control, and data connections between the package and other components of the electronics system 72.
The illustrated package is an ultra thin package with a coreless substrate. In this example, the package 68 has a die 66, containing the electronic or micromechanical system, attached to a coreless substrate 24. The coreless substrate has solder balls 74 opposite the die for attachment to the motherboard 76.
As shown, the die 66 attaches to the substrate 24 with a ball grid array 80 through a series of contact pads 78. The contacts 78 lead to vias 70 that conduct through to the solder balls 74. The coreless substrate 24 may include a network of Cu traces (not shown) that run horizontally to connect vias 70 to each other. The particular number of pads and solder balls and the connections between them may be adapted to suit any particular implementation.
The package may also include additional components (not shown) such as a cover, a heat spreader, a cooling device, such as fins, liquid cooling contacts and other components. The package may also include additional dies, external connection ports, and additional contacts on the top or sides of the package. A wide variety of additional structures may be added or adapted to the package, depending on the particular implementation.
As mentioned above, the package may also be adapted for use with a socket (not shown) or other receptacle. The package may accordingly include clamping surfaces, retention features and conductive connectors to features on the socket.
Referring to FIG. 2A, a process for fabricating a coreless substrate 68 begins with a temporary core 2. The temporary core may be made of a variety of different materials. The materials may be selected for the ease of building the layers of the substrate and the ease of removing the temporary core. In the present example, the core is a sheet of copper about 800 microns thick. Other possible material include silicon and prepreg laminates, such as FR-4. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional side view of the core.
In FIG. 2B, a patterned layer of photoresist 4 is applied to the top surface of the temporary core 2. The photoresist layer has lands with gaps in between the lands. In the described example layers are applied only to the top surface of the temporary core. However, similar or the same processing steps may also be applied to the bottom surface of the temporary core at the same time. The doubles the yield for each production cycle. In addition, the figures show only a single substrate, while in actual production, many substrates may be produced side-by-side and simultaneously on a single temporary core.
In FIG. 2C, an electrolytic metal plating 6 is applied over the photoresist 4. This produces contact surfaces in the gaps between the lands. The particular metal may be selected based on the particular implementation. Materials other than metal may also be selected. In one example it is formed as an electrolytic plating first of Cu, then Ni, then Cu again. This is a simpler, faster less expensive process than, for example a Ni, Pd (Palladium), Au (Gold) process or a Cu, Au, Pd, Ni, Cu process commonly in use. It also produces better electrical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics.
In FIG. 2D, the photoresist is stripped, leaving the metallic contacts 6.
In FIG. 2E, an insulator layer 8 of build up film, such as an epoxy/phenol novolac resin, or other material is applied over the metallic contacts 6. The insulator, which also acts as a filler, provides the physical structure of the substrate after the core is removed and may be made of a variety of insulating materials, with appropriate thermal and mechanical characteristics. Polymers, silicon-based materials and plastic resins with silica insulators may be used, among others.
In FIG. 2F vias 10 are drilled through the insulator layer 8 using laser drilling. The vias may be produced in a variety of other ways as desired. As shown in the figure, the vias extend from the top of the insulator layer through the insulator layer to the metal contacts 6.
In FIG. 2G, an electroless Cu layer 12 is applied over the insulator layer and the vias.
FIG. 2H, shows the start of another layer similar to that created in FIGS. 2B to 2G. The additional layer allows for conductive patterning to connect vias to each other or isolate them from each other. It also allows for a thicker stronger coreless substrate to be produced. In FIG. 2H another layer 14 of photoresist is applied over the structure. In this example, the photoresist is shown as being applied between the vias.
In FIG. 2I, the top surface of the substrate is plated 16 with a Cu/Ni/Cu process to fill the vias and any other areas between the photoresist.
In FIG. 2J, the photoresist is flash etched, leaving the filled vias and contact pads at the top of each via. These contact pads may be in the form of copper traces between vias as mentioned above.
In FIG. 2K, another insulator layer 20 is laminated over the top of the substrate.
In FIG. 2L, the insulator is drilled as in FIG. 2F and plated as in FIGS. 2F and 2G to form a second level of filled conductive vias 22 through the second insulator layer 20.
In FIG. 2M, appropriate patterning 24 is formed at the top of the second layer of vias as in FIGS. 2H, 2I, and 2J.
In FIG. 2N, a third layer 25 may be built up in a manner similar to the first and second layers. Additional layers may be added depending on the particular implementation in order to meet physical, electrical, and thermal needs. The top of the top layer is then laminated with a DFR (Dry Film Resist) 26. This photoresist layer protects the top of the substrate when the temporary core is removed.
In addition, FIG. 2N shows that additional metallic contact areas 27 have been added over the third insulator layer 25. The additional contacts are provided as examples In the cross-sectional side views of the present examples the electrical pathways between the contacts are not visible. However, the additional contacts 27 allow for a variety of different electrical connections to be made between the vias and between different conductors on the die or motherboard.
In FIG. 2O, the temporary core is separated from the substrate. This creates pockets at the contact pads 6 in the bottom surface of the substrate which may serve as connections or attachment points on the substrate. The pockets are aligned with the vias 10 that were drilled over them in FIG. 2F.
The figures above describe an example of manufacturing a coreless substrate 68. The number of layers may be modified to suit any particular implementation. After the top layer Cu plating, DFR lamination 26 may be used as a protective layer. This allows the temporary core 2 to be separated using electrolytic Ni as a Cu etching barrier.
The DFR 26 may then be stripped as shown in FIG. 2P then SR (Solder Resist) coating 28, 32 may be applied to at both sides of the substrate as shown in FIG. 2Q.
The exposed metal surfaces 27, 34 may then be finished with, for example, an electroless Ni/Pd/Au coating 36, 38. as shown in FIG. 2R. However, a variety of different materials may be used. In this example, a thick layer of Ni is followed by Pd plating and then Au plating. The Ni layer may be one hundred times thicker than the other layers.
In FIG. 2P, the DFR layer 26 is stripped or etched off, revealing the previously protected contact pads 24 below.
Finally, at FIG. 2S, presolder 40 is applied to the upper plated contact areas between the solder resist. In the present example, the bottom contacts are not further processed. The presolder may be used for C4 (Controlled Collapse Chip Connection) pads and as mentioned with respect to FIG. 2O, interconnections or routing may be done with Cu or other electrolytic plating at the C4 pad layer.
As an alternative SR printing may be performed on both sides either with or without the surface finish 36, 38.
As another alternative after the core separation (FIG. 2O), a dry film type SR lamination may be applied to the bottom side.
As another alternative, instead of a DFR lamination PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) lamination may be used. The PET lamination may be applied after the top layer Cu plating. The PET lamination serves as a protective layer during core separation. Electrolytic Ni may still function as a Cu etching barrier. The PET lamination may then be removed. SR coating may be applied to one or both sides and the surface finish electroless Ni/Pd/Au layer may be applied as shown in the figures. While in the present example, the SR metal layer may be formed from a variety of different materials. This Ni/Pd/Au layer may be a thick layer of Ni is followed by Pd plating and then Au plating.”
As shown in the Figures, SR may be used to cover the substrate\'s insulator lamination even with different types of contacts. On the top side of the substrate of FIG. 2S, C4 (Controlled Collapse Chip Connection) pads are used. The insulator lamination is between the pads, but the SR covers the insulator layer. On the other hand, the bottom side of the structure is adapted for use with a BGA (Ball Grid Array). As shown SR also covers the insulator on the BGA side.
The SR protection on the bottom side also allows for connections on the bottom surface to be routed within the substrate. As shown in FIG. 2D, the bottom side is initiated with the plating of the metal pads 6 directly into the temporary core 2. This leads to metal defined pads, so there is no overlap of the external layer and the metal pads. This characteristic may degrade the substrate\'s mechanical strength by reducing the fracture area near the bottom side.
Since this layer is typically exposed to the environment in the finished substrate, routing cannot readily be used on the inner layer. Any routing may be unreliable. By applying the SR layer 32 over the bottom side as shown in FIG. 2Q, routing may be patterned onto both the top and bottom sides without any risk from the environment.
FIG. 3 shows an example of producing two substrates simultaneously, one on either side of a temporary core. In FIG. 3, at the center of the structure 107 is a temporary core 112 that has been patterned with connection pads 114. Three layers of insulator 115, 139, and 143 have been laminated over these connection pads with vias 136, 140, 144 drilled through each layer to form a connection from the external side of the substrate to the internal temporary core. FIG. 3 also shows contact pads 150 on the external layers with a protective SR layer 147 between the contact pads.
The top and bottom substrate structures are identical in FIG. 3 showing that applying the same processes to both sides simultaneously results in virtually identical structures on either side of the copper core. The precise nature of the further processing may be adapted to suit different implementations.
FIG. 4 shows a substrate fabrication structure 108 in a similar condition. However, in the example of FIG. 4, a substrate is being built up on only one side of the temporary core. Such an approach may be preferred for certain processing and fabrication equipment or designs. In FIG. 4, the same reference numerals are used as in FIG. 3 and the corresponding elements are the same.
FIGS. 3 and 4 suggest an intermediate condition between FIG. 2M and FIG. 2N. This suggests possible variations in the sequence suggested in these figures. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the SR process and the SF layer is applied before the temporary core is removed, unlike in FIGS. 2O, P, Q, and R. This results in the FIGS. 3 and 4 structure. For subsequent processing, the DFR lamination is applied over the FIGS. 3 and 4 structure, the core is separated, the DFR stripped, and then the contact pads or connections are finished.
FIG. 5 shows the operations described in the context of FIGS. 2A to 2S as a process flow diagram. The operations begin with the temporary core, made of Cu, prepreg or any other suitable material. At block 202, the core is patterned with photoresist for creating the connection points that will be at the bottom of the eventual substrate. At block 204, the electrical connection points are formed. In the examples above, this is done using electrolytic plating of Cu, then Ni, then Cu. At block 206, the photoresist is stripped, leaving the contact pads.
At block 208, the first layer of insulator is laminated over the contact pads. This begins the formation of the portion that will eventually form the structure of the substrate. At block 210, the conductive vias through the insulator down to the contact pads are formed. This is done by first laser drilling and then coating with copper, or any other appropriate conductor. At block 212, contact pads are formed over the vias by patterning, filling with copper and then etching.
At block 214, the process returns to block 208 until sufficient layers have been formed. In brief, the lamination and formation of vias is repeated to form the desired number of additional layers of substrate. This thickens and strengthens the substrate to later support the die.
At block 216, a DFR lamination is applied to the structure to protect the vias and contact pads. Then at block 218, the temporary core is separated from the substrate and the DFR is stripped off.
At block 220, SR is applied and patterned to create openings for the contact pads. At block 222, the contact pads are formed by an SF process using Ni, then Pd, then Au. Finally, the contact pads are finished at block 224 with the appropriate surfaces, such as solder balls for a C4 pad. Optionally, additional finishing steps may be used for the opposite side, the side that was formally attached to the temporary core.
The finished substrate may then be attached to one or more dies. Leads and other components may be attached, if desired. The resulting structure may then be used to form a package as suggested in FIG. 1.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention, but do not denote that they are present in every embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Various additional layers and/or structures may be included and/or described features may be omitted in other embodiments.
Various operations are described as multiple discrete operations to aid in understanding the description. However, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations need not be performed in the order of presentation. Operations described may be performed in a different order than the described embodiment. Various additional operations may be performed and described operations may be omitted.
Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. Various equivalent combinations and substitutions may be made for various components and operations shown in the figures. The scope of the invention is not to be limited by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.
The example cleaning processes described above are provided only as examples. There may be other and different chemical processes that break down, convert to gas or otherwise eliminate photo-induced defects on a mask. The example above show how combinations of illumination, heat, and exposure to gases such as air, oxygen, and water vapor may partially or completely eliminate these compounds and reduce the amount of or completely eliminate a wide range of different types of photo-induced defects from a photomask surface. The particular combination of illumination, heat, vacuum and other parameters may be selected with the above examples in mind. Alternatively, the particular combination may be selected based on the parameters described above and then optimized using trial and error.
A lesser or more complex cleaning chamber, set of cleaning operations, photomask, and pellicle may be used than those shown and described herein. Therefore, the configurations may vary from implementation to implementation depending upon numerous factors, such as price constraints, performance requirements, technological improvements, or other circumstances. Embodiments of the invention may also be applied to other types of photolithography systems that use different materials and devices (e.g. EUV lithography) than those shown and described herein. While the description above refers primarily to 193 nm photolithography equipment and techniques, the invention is not so limited and may be applied to a wide range of other wavelengths and other process parameters. In addition, the invention may be applied to the production of semiconductors, microelectronics, micromachines and other devices that use photolithography technology.
In the description above, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known equivalent materials may be substituted in place of those described herein, and similarly, well-known equivalent techniques may be substituted in place of the particular processing techniques disclosed. In addition, steps and operations may be removed or added to the operations described to improve results or add additional functions. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail to avoid obscuring the understanding of this description.
While the embodiments of the invention have been described in terms of several examples, those skilled in the art may recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but may be practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting.


CTAN update: make4ht
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text:
The 2.21.11 vignettes of a dark figure walking through the rain in a full-length trench coat have created radical speculation over a certain Icon. Would-be insiders staked their claim that this was none other than Sting, and that he was well on his way to WWE to challenge The Undertaker for his WrestleMania Streak.
Furthermore, others have remarked the similarity of 2.21.11 to a video package of Sting’s WCW return at Starrcade ’97. Although, the Starrcade vignette reintroduced Sting’s vengeful side going into his match with Hollywood Hulk Hogan, while 2.21.11 exhibits the figure walking into a sequestered cabin. Why would Sting need seclusion?
And why 2.21.11? Aside from it being the Raw after The Elimination Chamber pay-per-view, what significance does this date hold? Or what if it’s not the date, but the day that carries significance? 21 days…? 21 years….?
21 years ago, Sting was the NWA World Heavyweight Champion in WCW. On September 1, 1990, Sting defeated a wrestler by the name of Mean Mark. But to everyone else, Mark would become known as The Undertaker
Two months after his match with Sting (also his final match in WCW), The Deadman debuted in WWF/E, while Sting remained a prominent fixture in WCW. That was up until WWE purchased WCW, in which Sting chose not to partake in Vince’s company.”After all the years that I put into wrestling up to that point, it just seemed like a gamble to me. I didn’t trust how I would be used.”
A second vignette was aired this week featuring the lyrics of Johnny Cash, “There ain’t no grave (Can Hold My Body Down).” Now, these lyrics indicate a vengeful promise. The grave can signify WWE burying WCW through its Invasion Angle, and Sting wanting retribution for the company he wrestled in for so many years. And if he has finally decided to come to Vince’s company, it may possibly be to destroy the main attraction to its biggest spectacle of the year, The Undertaker’s Undefeated Streak.
Then again, the only notable wrestler known for wearing a trench coat that would require seclusion before fulfilling his vengeance is The Undertaker. The Undertaker has been buried alive many times, with no grave being able to hold his un-dead body down. With WrestleMania hastily approaching, Taker has a Streak to defend. The question is, against who?
Kane put him in a vegetative state, took his Holy Grail, turned Paul Bearer against him, and ultimately buried him alive. Wade Barrett and The Nexus, for reasons unknown even to Kane, aided in weakening Taker before his burial.
However, after losing in a Last Man Standing match to Edge, Kane’s role as the tormentor for Friday Night Smackdown has subsided. Wade Barrett is no longer the leader of The Nexus, but a member of The Corre. Too much has occurred in WWE since Taker’s absence.
Who’s left for Taker to face? With Triple-H most likely inducting Shawn Michaels into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2011, The Game could have a score to settle with The Phenom, because after all, it was Taker who ended Michaels’ career.
So who’s in the vignette, Sting or Taker? The latter of the two seems more probable as Taker is expected to come through in time for ‘Mania. In addition, prior to the vignette, WWE advertised in TV spots (through the Fresno Arena) that The Undertaker would be appearing at the Raw show.
Then again, this may be a stretch but, Sting is billed from Venice Beach, California, and Raw 2.21.11 takes places in Fresno, California. And another stretch, only because Sting wrestling in WrestleMania in Atlanta, Georgia, the birthplace of World Championship Wrestling would be of historic value, what if Sting was the perpetrator behind The Nexus attacking Taker? We all heard David Otunga once threaten Barrett about telling the world why they helped Kane, and Barrett made sure to keep Otunga quiet. What if the truth is that Sting wanted Taker to be in a weakened state come WrestleMania, so when he finally ends the Streak, he can prove that WCW wrestlers were not peons.


Music theatre, opera & musicals
Best of musicals
Best of musicals
Thursday, 11/01/2024 / 08:00 PM / Konzerthaus Freiburg (Concert hall)
BEST OF MUSICALS. The success continues....
Outstanding performers with powerful voices enchant audiences with the most successful hits from the most popular musical productions. With dazzling costumes, acting talent, a top-class dance ensemble and a sophisticated light and sound concept, the BEST OF MUSICALS team transports the audience into the colorful dream world of 50 years of musical history.
The audience experiences a foray through soulful ballads in EVITA or ELISABETH, rousing hits from the musicals GREASE and MAMMA MIA as well as in WE WILL ROCK YOU. The top soloists leave nothing to be desired and also combine modern pieces such as THE ICE KINGDOM, SISTER ACT and KÖNIG DER LÖWEN into a captivating work of art. Highlights such as the incomparable songs from DANCE OF THE VAMPIRES or the classic THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA give visitors pause and provide goosebumps.
The ensemble around the professional entertainer Espen Nowacki loves the humorous bringing together of audience and stage. It leads through the evening with self-irony and witty-frivolous wit. With BEST OF MUSICALS, even less hardened musical fans are in a great mood. The humor and flirting with the audience during and between the performances let the guests and performers become one big family for a few hours. It is impossible to escape this atmosphere. Astonished, the audience asks after three hours of brilliant performances: "What, already over?"
An unforgettable evening with a mix of soulful ballads and rock hits in German, embedded in a grandiose stage design invites all ages to experience and enjoy.


text:
Urbanation, the authority on the Greater Toronto Area’s (GTA) new condo market statistics, released its second quarter 2017 (Q2-2017) report, announcing that the new condo market is still surging as the resale condo market moderates. Also, new condo supply has fallen despite record high launches.
In Q2-2017, there were 12,138 new condo sales in the GTA, which is 62% higher than last year, making it the second consecutive quarterly record. In the first six months of the year, there were 21,968 new condo sales.
As of the end of June 2017, demand continued to outpace supply in the GTA’s new condo market, though 11,849 new preconstruction units in 41 projects were brought to market in Q2-2017, shattering the record of 9,182 set in Q2-2011. By the end of Q2-2017, 80% of these units were sold.
In all stages of development (preconstruction, under construction, complete), there are 110,772 active units in the GTA, and 94% of them are sold, leaving an unsold inventory of just 6,794. This is the lowest the new condo supply has been in 15 years and equals just over two months of supply.
“While the current pace of new condo sales shows a remarkable level of confidence in the GTA housing market, activity has reached an unsustainable level for the near-term,” says Shaun Hildebrand, Urbanation’s Senior Vice President. “Market fundamentals, however, still appear supportive of prices.”
The average price for a sold unit in active developments hit $647 per square foot, which is 10% higher than the same period last year. This also marks the first double digit price growth since Q1-2012.
The average selling price for new units launched in Q2-2017 was $757 per square foot, while the asking price for unsold units went up 28% to $778 per square foot. There were 12 projects that launched in Q2-2017 that sold for an average over $800 per square foot, a couple of them surpassed $1,000 per square foot.
In the resale market, activity fell 4%, which was the first quarterly drop in four years. “The calming of resale prices in recent months and lower potential yields on rental investments due to high prices in new projects should lead to less frenzied demand in the second half of the year,” says Hildebrand.
Price growth increased 31% year-over-year to $650 per square foot in the resale market, while the median monthly selling price fell 6%. The Toronto Real Estate Board (TREB) recently announced that the province’s Fair Housing Plan has caused some buyers to take a step back to wait and see what happens with the market.
If you thought two months of supply in the new condo market was low, the resale condo market only has 1.4 months’ worth! This could be another reason for the surge in sales in the new condo market; there’s simply a wider selection.
While the new condo market was super hot through the first half of the year, Urbanation expects “a more cautious approach” in the second half of 2017.

domain: finance


text:
Associate Professor of Music
Julie McQuinn earned a B.M. in voice performance and a B.A. in mathematics from Oberlin College, an M.M. in voice performance from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, and a Ph.D. in musicology from Northwestern University. Her dissertation, for which she received an AMS 50 Fellowship from the American Musicological Society, explores the forces behind perceptions of gender and sexuality in Parisian society at the turn of the twentieth century, and their connection to the creation and reception of a handful of strikingly original and ultimately subversive operas.
Dr. McQuinn's research and teaching interests also include music and gender, fairy tale musics, music and memory, and the use of pre-existing music in film. She contributed a chapter on eroticism in Debussy’s music to The Cambridge Companion to Debussy, her article on the use of Barber’s Adagio for Strings as film music appeared in the journal American Music, and her article “The Medieval Leper Plagues Modern Paris: Sylvio Lazzari’s La Lépreuse” appeared in Nineteenth-Century Music Review. More recently, she contributed a chapter—“Strange Recognitions and Endless Loops: Music, Media, and Memory in Terry Gilliam’s 12 Monkeys” to The Oxford Handbook of Film Music Studies, and her chapter—“‘What does music feel like?’: Music, Fairy Tale, and the Boundaries of Humanness in Joe Wright’s Hanna” is currently under consideration for publication as part of a collection of essays on fairy tales and popular culture.
Dr. McQuinn has presented papers at a number of conferences, including the International Conference on Nineteenth-Century Music, the International Conference on Music Since 1900, the American Musicological Society annual meeting, the Royal Music Association annual conference, and the Music and the Moving Image conference. She has also given several pre-concert lectures for the Civic Orchestra of Chicago and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.
Dr. McQuinn received Lawrence’s 2007 Young Teacher Award.
Contact by e-mail: email@example.com