text:
In the 1780s, the dispute about the New World entered a new phase. Creole voices redesigned the spatial, political, and economic matrix of modern thought about race within an Atlantic framework. By focusing on the changing eighteenth-century entry on “America,” this article considers the successful commercial enterprise of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, which was conceived in Scotland. It examines the intellectual shift in reference from the Scottish Enlightenment of William Robertson to the antiquarian history advocated by Francisco Xavier Clavijero, a Mexican Jesuit, exiled in the Papal States. The new cartography of knowledge endorsed by the Encyclopaedia led to a racial classification associating Scriptures and providential history.
This paper is the result of research undertaken with a Marie Curie postdoctoral scholarship at the EHESS. Parts of it have been discussed during several international symposia (in Budapest, Florence, Trieste, São Paulo, Edinburgh, and Mexico City), as well as at the EHESS in the seminar on the history of missions and in that on Britishness. I would like to thank all those who, on these various occasions, contributed with diverse questions and, in particular, those who followed the evolution of this latest version: Catherine Bouchey, Adrien Delmas, Alice Ingold, Antoine Lilti, Jacques Revel, Antonella Romano, Hélène Soldini, and Stéphane Van Damme.
1. Gerbi Antonello, La disputa del Nuovo Mondo: storia di una polemica. 1750-1900 (Milan: R. Ricciardi, 1955; repr. 1983); Gliozzi Giuliano, Adamo e il Nuovo Mondo. La nascita dell’antropologia come ideologia coloniale: dalle genealogie alle teorie razziali 1500-1700 (Florence: Sansoni, 1977); and Pagden Anthony, The Fall of Natural Man: The American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982; repr. 1986). The most recent contributions to the New-World dispute in the eighteenth century include: Cañizares-Esguerra Jorge, How to Write the History of the New World: Histories, Epistemologies, and Identities in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001); Pocock John G. A., Barbarism and Religion, vol. 4, Barbarians, Savages and Empires (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005); and Cipolloni Marco and Wolff Larry, eds., The Anthropology of the Enlightenment (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007).
2. I will only refer here to two recent Anglophone publications related to a field of study that has considerably developed since the 1990s: Bailyn Bernard and Denault Patricia L., eds., Soundings in Atlantic History: Latent Structures and Intellectual Currents, 1500-1830 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009); Canny Nicholas and Morgan Philip, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Atlantic World. 1450-1850 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011). Among the most recent publications on the role and position of Creoles, see: Stewart Charles, ed., Creolization: History, Ethnography, Theory (Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2006); Bauer Ralph and Antonio Mazzotti José, eds., Creole Subjects in the Colonial Americas: Empires, Texts, Identities (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009).
3. William Smellie, ed., preface to Encyclopaedia Britannica, or a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, Compiled Upon a New Plan ... by a Society of Gentlemen in Scotland, 3 vols. (Edinburgh: A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar, 1771), 1:v (hereafter cited in text as EB1).
4. The only monograph dedicated to the Britannica in the eighteenth century is Kafker Frank A. and Loveland Jeff, eds., The Early Britannica: The Growth of an Outstanding Encyclopedia (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2009).
5. About the biography of Andrew Bell (1726-1809) and Colin Macfarquhar (1745 circa-1793) see Kafker Frank A., “The Achievement of Andrew Bell and Colin Macfarquhar as the First Publishers of the Encyclopaedia Britannica ,” British Journal for the Eighteenth-Century Studies 18-2 (1995): 139-52 .
6. Recent research has focused on William Smellie (1740-1795): Kafker Frank A., “William Smellie’s Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica ,” in Notable Encyclopaedias of the Late Eighteenth Century: Eleven Successors of the Encyclopédie, ed. Kafker Frank A. (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1994), 145-82 ; Brown Stephen W., “William Smellie and the Culture of the Edinburgh Book Trade, 1752-1795,” in The Culture of the Book in the Scottish Enlightenment, eds. Emerson Roger et al. (Toronto: University of Toronto, 2000), 61-86 ; Loveland Jeff, “French Thought in William Smellie’s Natural History: A Scottish Reception of Buffon and Condillac,” in Scotland and France in the Enlightenment, eds. Dawson Deidre and Morère Pierre (Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2004), 192-217 ; and Loveland Jeff, “Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle in English. 1775-1815,” Archives of Natural History 31 (2004): 214-35 . In the early 1760s, Smellie founded the Newtonian Society in Edinburgh. He was also a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and of the Society of Antiquaries, which, on his proposal, elected Diderot and Buffon as honorary members in 1781.
7. Kerr Robert, Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Correspondence of William Smellie, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: J. Anderson, 1811), 1:362-63 .
8. “Abridgement,” EB1 1:6.
9. The editors were all mentioned on the frontispiece of the Second Edition: Tytler James, ed., Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, & c. On a Plan Entirely New ... 2nd Edition; Greatly Improved and Enlarged, 10 vols. (Edinburgh: J. Balfour, W. Gordon, J. Bell, J. Dickson, C. Elliot, W. Creech, J. McCliesh, A. Bell, J. Hutton, and C. Macfarquhar, 1778-1783) (hereafter cited in text as EB2). On the role of editors as agents of the Scottish Enlightenment, see Sher Richard B., The Enlightenment and the Book: Scottish Authors and their Publishers in Eighteenth-Century Britain, Ireland and America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006). On Charles Elliot, see: McDougall Warren, “Charles Elliot and the London Booksellers in the Early Years,” in The Human Face of the Book Trade: Print Culture and Its Creators, eds. Isaac Peter and McKay Barry (Winchester: St. Paul’s Bibliographies, 1999), 81-96 ; Isaac Peter, “Charles Elliot and the English Provincial Book Trade,” in The Human Face of the Book Trade: Print Culture and Its Creators, eds. Isaac Peter and McKay Barry (Winchester: St. Paul’s Bibliographies, 1999), 97-116 .
10. After his collaboration on the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tytler was prosecuted for sedition and fled to the United States in the early 1790s. On his unfortunate life and career, see: Meek Robert, A Biographical Sketch of the Life of James Tytler, For a Considerable Time a Liberal Contributor to the Encyclopaedia Britannica (Edinburgh: Denovan, 1805); Fergusson James, Balloon Tytler (London: Faber, 1972).
11. See Darnton Robert, The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1979 ).
12. “Introduction,” EB2 1:v.
13. Monthly Review, 75 (1786): 181-89, 321-31, and 401-8; see also Monthly Review, 50 (1774): 301-9.
14. Kafker and Loveland, Early Britannica, 161-75; Archibald Constable to Richard Phillips, 22 December 1812, Agreement, Minutes and Letters Relating to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1812-1822, fol. 138, X032EN1, Columbia University Rare Books and Manuscripts Library, New York; Archibald Constable to Joseph Robinson, Autumn 1812, in Constable Thomas, Archibald Constable and His Literary Correspondents, 3 vols. (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1873), 2:311-17 .
15. Colin Macfarquhar (ed., vols. 1-12) and George Gleig (ed., vols. 13-18), Encyclopaedia Britannica; or a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Miscellaneous Literature ... The Third Edition ... Greatly Improved (Edinburgh: A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar, 1797) (hereafter cited in text as EB3). Kerr (Memoirs 1:361-63) and Sher (The Enlightenment and the Book, 216) record earnings amounting to £ 42,000 for the third edition alone.
16. George Gleig (1753-1840) was educated in a Jacobite and Episcopalian family committed to the Stuart cause. Politically prosecuted, the Episcopalians only acknowledged Georges III’s legitimacy upon the death of the Stuart heir Charles Edward in 1788. In the context of a dialogue between Presbyterians and Episcopalians, Gleig presented his proposal for an encyclopedia. It must also be noted that William Robertson, in his capacity as leader of the Presbyterian Church, advocated a position of openness and tolerance toward Episcopalians and Catholics. See: Walker William, Life of the Right Reverend George Gleig, LL.D, F.S.S.A., Bishop of Brenchin, and Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church (Edinburgh: D. Douglas, 1878); Grub George, Ecclesiastical History of Scotland, 4 vols. (Edinburgh: Edmonstone & Douglas, 1861), 4:99, 124-35 , and 174-89; and Mather Frederick C., “Church, Parliament and Penal Laws: Some Anglo-Scottish Interactions in the Eighteenth Century,” English Historical Review 92 (1977): 540-72 .
17. Gleig George, ed., Supplement to the Third Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: T. Bonar, 1801), iii-iv . Due to litigations with Macfarquhar’s heirs, who refused the publication of the Supplement, Bell also had to withdraw. For the publication of his project, Gleig turned to Bell’s son-in-law, Thomas Bonar, a wine merchant and businessman. For a detailed view of this case, see Kafker and Loveland , Early Britannica, 253-62 .
18. Dobson Thomas, ed., Encyclopaedia; or, a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature ... The First American Edition ... Greatly Improved (Philadelphia: Dobson, 1790-1798) (hereafter cited in text as EA). On the American edition, see Arner Robert D., Dobson’s Encyclopaedia: the Publisher, Text, and Publication of America’s First Britannica 1789-1803 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991 ). On the relationship between Dobson and Elliot, see: Sher, The Enlightenment and the Book, 386-87, 545-47, and 559; McDougall Warren, “Charles Elliot’s Book Adventure in Philadelphia, and the Trouble with Thomas Dobson,” in Light on the Book Trade: Essays to Peter Isaac, eds. McKay Barry, Hinks John, and Bell Maureen (Newcastle: Oak Knoll, 2004), 197-212 . Another edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, which was almost identical to the Scottish one, was printed in Dublin in 1791 by the bookseller James Moore under the title of Moore’s Dublin Edition.
19. “Scotland”: EB1 3:571; EB2 9:6988-7173; and EB3 16:722-99. “Edinburgh”: EB1 1:466-67; EB2 4:2610-23; and EB3 6:298-321. “Smoke” (EB1 3:607-13) was probably written by James Anderson (1739-1808), who had studied chemistry with William Cullen before becoming a specialist in agriculture and political economy. Anderson was probably also the author of “Dictionary” and “Pneumatics.” See Kafker and Loveland, Early Britannica, 19, 21, and 33. In EB3 (17:547-53), the main source on pollution became Benjamin Franklin. There are many more examples of “Scotticisms”: for example, a large part of the article “Law” is devoted to “Law in Scotland” in all editions, including the American one.
20. Sher, The Enlightenment and the Book, 556-60.
21. William Robertson did not seem to be acquainted with EB1 and its publishers when, in August 1773, he answered the question put to him by his main French translator, Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Suard, who thought it was a revised version of the Encyclopédie. See Darnton, Business of Enlightenment, 45-50, 58-59, 86-88, 395-402, and 421-22.
22. From the first edition, Smellie took sides against Hume in the quarrel over miracles; he supported George Campbell, the Principal of Marischal College in Aberdeen, whose Dissertation on Miracles had been published in 1762: “Abridgement,” EB1 1:6-7. On criticism of Kames’s polygenism, see “America,” EB2 1:303-8 and below.
23. In a letter to the Monthly Review in August 1765, Smellie vindicated the philosophy of Common Sense, which had been published in Thomas Reid’s Inquiry into the Human Mind (Edinburgh: A. Kincaid & J. Bell, 1764). In it, he expressed his conviction that the same “constitution of our nature” leads man to believe in principles such as the existence of external objects, “without being able to give any other reason for our belief than by referring to the common sense of mankind.” See Kerr, Memoirs, 1:304-16. In the article “Sense, common,” as integrated into the appendix of vol. 10 in EB2, adherence to the Aberdeen philosophers of Common Sense—such as James Beattie, George Campbell, James Oswald, and Thomas Reid (EB2 10:9158)—was voiced. This was also expressed in the articles “Ideas” (EB2 10:9104-7) and “Theology” (EB2 10:8582-90): philosophy and theology were “closely linked,” as revealed religion was based on natural religion, and the latter had to be understood in a philosophical sense. The blind poet Thomas Blacklock, a friend of James Beattie and Tytler’s contributor, to whom Gleig ascribed the preface of EB2 (see Supplement to the Third Edition 1:78-80), published an anonymous reply to Joseph Priestley’s criticism of the Common Sense Philosophy in the Edinburgh Magazine and Review (vol. 2, 1774, pp. 771-79; vol. 3, 1775, pp. 33-37, 96-102, and 146-54). A passage from the Introduction (EB2 1:III) restates the principles of Common Sense philosophy, such as the Lockean philosophy of the mind as a tabula rasa. See Kafker and Loveland , Early Britannica, 76, 96, and 133-134 .
24. Reid Thomas, Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (Edinburgh: J. & J. Robinson, 1785), 523 .
25. “Preface,” EB1, v. This statement was repeated by Gleig in the third edition: EB3 1:V and IX. On this central methodological issue, see Abbattista Guido, “La ‘folie de la raison par alphabet.’ Le origini settecentesche dell’Encyclopaedia Britannica 1768-1801,” in L’enciclopedismo in Italia nel XVIII secolo, ed. Abbattista Guido (Naples: Studi Settecenteschi, 1996), 435-76 ; Yeo Richard, Encyclopaedic Visions. Scientific Dictionaries and Enlightenment Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 170-92 ; and Loveland Jeff, “Unifying Knowledge and Dividing Disciplines: the Development of Treatises in the Encyclopaedia Britannica ,” Book History 9 (2006): 57-87 . Loveland sees in Coetlogon’s Universal History a model for the Britannica. See Loveland Jeff, An Alternative Encyclopaedia? Coetlogon’s Universal History (1745) (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2010).
26. “Preface,” EB2, III-IV.
27. Walker , Life of the Right Reverend George Gleig, 218 .
28. EB3 1:IX.
29. The costs of the various editions are recorded in detail by Kafker and Loveland, Early Britannica. With the third edition, the Encyclopaedia Britannica became “a compulsory acquisition for any self-respecting multi-disciplinary institution.” See Yeo, Encyclopedic Visions, 51. For a more general analysis, see: Clair William St., The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004); Allan David, A Nation of Readers: The Lending Library in Georgian England (London: The British Library, 2008).
30. “America,” EB2 1:302.
31. “America,” EB1 1:134-35.
32. “America,” EB2 1:302-5. The challenge is repeated word-for-word in EB3 1:562-65. Home Henry, Kames Lord, Sketches of the History of Man, 2 tomes (Edinburgh/London: W. Creech/W. Strahan/T. Cadell, 1774). See “The Diversity of Men, and of Languages,” where Kames takes up many arguments from Voltaire’s Philosophie de l’histoire (Amsterdam: Changuion, 1765), which has served as the introduction to Essai sur les mœurs since 1769. Kames is frequently cited in the Britannica with regard to aesthetics, particularly his Elements of Criticism (Edinburgh: A. Kincaid & J. Bell, 1762).
33. “America,” EB2 1:299.
34. The sources I have been able to identify as references for EB2 are the following: Forster Georg, A Voyage Round the World in his Britannic Majesty’s Sloap, Resolution, Commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the Years 1772, 3, 4 and 5, 2 vols. (London: B. White, 1777); La Condamine Charles Marie de, A Succint Abridgement of a Voyage, Made in the Inland Parts of America from the French of M. de la Condamine (1745) (London: E. Withers, 1747 ); La Condamine Charles Marie de, Journal du voyage fait par ordre du Roi (Paris: Imprimerie royale, 1751 ); and Juan George and Ulloa Antonio de, A Voyage to South-America (1748-49) (London: L. Davis and C. Reymers, 1758), reprinted with notes by John Adams in 1772. On Ulloa’s Noticias Americanas, see note 103. See also Safier Neil, Measuring the New World: Enlightenment Science and South America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
35. Switzer Richard, “America in the Encyclopédie ,” Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 58 (1967): 1481-99 ; Gerbi, La disputa del Nuovo Mondo, chap. 4.
36. On anti-imperialism in Raynal’s Histoire des Deux Indes, which is the major source for the representation of the New World in the Encyclopédie d’Yverdon, see Muthu Sankar, Enlightenment Against Empire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003), 72-121 .
37. The theory of stages has been addressed in a number of different historiographical analyses, for which the main references may be found in the updated bibliography at the end of Trevor-Roper Hugh R., History and the Enlightenment: Eighteenth Century Essays, ed. Robertson John (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010). On the role of America in the new historical vision of British Enlightenment, see Armitage David, “The New World and British Historical Thought. From Richard Hakluyt to William Robertson,” in America in European Consciousness, 1493-1750, ed. Kupperman Karen Ordahl (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 52-75 .
38. Robertson William, History of America, 3 vols., 5th ed. (London: W. Strahan, 1788 ), book IV, 2:52. Robertson applies to America what Smith had taught in his lectures on jurisprudence in Glasgow: “The difference of employment occasions the difference of genius and we see accordingly that amongst savages, where there is very little diversity of employment, there is hardly any diversity of temper or genius.” Smith Adam, Lectures on Jurisprudence, eds. Meek Ronald L., Raphael David Daiches, and Stein Peter (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978), 348 ; Smith Adam, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 3rd ed. 1790; repr. 1984), 200-9 . See Sebastiani Silvia, “National Characters and Race: A Scottish Enlightenment Debate,” in Being Sociable: Character and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Scotland, eds. Ahnert Thomas and Manning Susan (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 187-205 .
39. Sebastiani Silvia, I limiti del progresso. Razza e genere nell’Illuminismo scozzese (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2008).
40. Meek Ronald L., Social Science and the Ignoble Savage (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976 ).
41. “America,” EB2 1:301. On the conception of women in Enlightenment historical discourse, see: Knott Sarah and Taylor Barbara, eds., Women, Gender and the Enlightenment (London: Palgrave, 2005); Dorlin Elsa, La matrice de la race : généalogie sexuelle et coloniale de la nation française (Paris: La Découverte, 2006 ); and O’Brien Karen, Women and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009 ). See also Wilson Kathleen, The Island Race: Englishness, Empire, and Gender in the Eighteenth Century (New York: Routledge, 2003).
42. Buffon asserted this in volume III of the Histoire Naturelle sur les quadrupèdes, in the part devoted to common animals in both the Old and New Worlds. The sentence was quoted, only to be rejected, by Thomas Jefferson, who opposed his own experience and direct observation to the philosophers who formulated their ideas without ever leaving their study. See Jefferson Thomas, Notes on the State of Virginia (1781-1782), ed. Peden William (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955), 59 . For a commentary, see Duchet Michèle, Anthropologie et histoire au siècle des Lumières (Paris: Albin Michel, 1971; repr. 1995), 265 .
43. “America,” EB2 1:299-301.
44. Pocock John G. A., Barbarism and Religion, vol. 2, Narratives of Civil Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 316-28 and 4:157-204.
45. Koselleck Reinhart, Le futur passé. Contribution à la sémantique des temps historiques, trans. Hoock Jochen and Hoock Marie-Claire (Paris: Éd. de l’EHESS, 1979; repr. 1990); Osterhammel Jürgen, “Modi di rappresentazione dell’estraneo nel Settecento: l’esperienza della distanza,” Comunità 43.191/192 (1989): 36-68 ; Ginzburg Carlo, Occhiacci di legno. Nove riflessioni sulla distanza (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1998), 194-210 ; and Hartog François, Régimes d’historicité. Présentisme et expériences du temps (Paris: Le Seuil, 2002).
46. Brown Stewart J., ed., William Robertson and the Expansion of Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997); O’Brien Karen, Narratives of Enlightenment: Cosmopolitan History from Voltaire to Gibbon (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 93-166 ; and Pocock, Barbarism and Religion, 2:316-28 and 4:181-204.
47. “Europe”: EB2 4:2860; EB3 7:39-40. For an analysis of Europeans in British encyclopedias, see Stock Paul, “‘Almost a Separate Race.’ Racial Thought and the Idea of Europe in British Encyclopaedias and Histories, 1771-1830,” Modern Intellectual History 8-1 (2011): 3-29 .
48. Cañizares-Esguerra, How to Write the History of the New World.
49. According to Arnaldo Momigliano, this was the basis of modern historiography: “Storia antica e antiquaria,” “Il contributo di Gibbon al metodo storico,” and “Preludio Settecentesco a Gibbon,” in Sui fondamenti della storia antica (Turin: Einaudi, 1984), 3-45, 294-311, and 312-27.
50. Robertson William, History of Scotland, 2 vols. (London: A. Millar, 1759); Robertson William, The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V. With a View of the Progress of Civil Society in Europe from the Subversion of the Roman Empire to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century, 3 vols. (London: W. & W. Strahan, 1769).
51. Mckenzie Daniel F., Oral Culture, Literacy and Print in Early New Zealand. The Treaty of Waitangi (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1985); Mckenzie Daniel F., Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: The British Library, 1986).
52. Certeau Michel de, Préface , in L’écriture de l’histoire, 2e éd. (Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1980 ).
53. Robertson, History of America, book VIII, 3:299.
54. Brown Stewart J., “An Eighteenth-Century Historian on the Amerindians: Culture, Colonialism and Christianity in William Robertson’s History of America,” Studies in World Christianity 2 (1996): 204-22 ; Smitten Jeffrey, “Impartiality in Robertson’s History of America,” Eighteenth-Century Studies 19 (1989): 56-77 .
55. “America,” EB2 1:298-99 and 302.
56. “Mexico,” EB2 7:4967-88, quotation p. 4988. “Peru,” EB2 8:5981-96. The other source on Peru that is quoted is La Condamine’s Relation abrégée.
57. “Colony,” EB2 3:2076-80; “Plantership,” EB2 8:6212-19.
58. “America;” EB3 1:552.
59. Kruse Paul, “The Story of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1768-1943,” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 1958), 56-57 ; Arner, Dobson’s Encyclopaedia, 83.
60. On Robertson’s role as leader of the moderate party and the Scottish Enlightenment, see Sher Richard B., Church and University in the Scottish Enlightenment: The Moderate Literati of Edinburgh (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1985 ).
61. Clavigero Francisco Javier, Storia antica del Messico cavata da’ migliori storici Spagnuoli, e da’ manoscriti, e dalle pitture antiche degl’Indiani, 2 vols. (Cesena: Gregorio Biasini all’Insagna di Pallade, 1780-1781). On Clavijero’s biography and historical work, see: Ronan Charles E., Francisco Javier Clavigero, S.J. (1731-1787), Figure of the Mexican Enlightenment: His Life and Works (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1977); Brading David A., The Origins of Mexican Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 3-23 ; Brading David A., The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots and the Liberal State, 1492-1867 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 253-72 and 422-64; Pagden Anthony, Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), 91-116 ); Cañizares-Esguerra , How to Write the History of the New World, 60-62, 186-90, and 235-49 ; Pocock , Barbarism and Religion 4:205-26 ; and Bolaños Arturo Reynoso, “Naturaleza e historia. Análisis de la visión científica y teológica de Francisco Xavier Clavigero (1731-1787), un jesuita mexicano en el Siglo de las Luces,” (PhD diss., Centre Sèvres, Paris, 2011).
62. Clavigero Francisco Javier, The History of Mexico: Collected from Spanish and Mexican Historians, from Manuscripts, and Ancient Paintings of the Indians ..., trans. Cullen Charles, Esq., 2 vols. (London: G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1787; repr. London: 1807; repr. Philadelphia: 1804 and 1817; and repr. Richmond: 1806). This English translation formed the basis of the German one, published in Leipzig in 1790. The first Spanish version, translated from the Italian by José Joaquín de Mora, was published at R. Ackerman’s publishing house in London in 1826. In the twentieth century, Clavijero’s original Spanish text was published in an edition established by Mariano Cuevas (Mexico: Porrúa, 1945).
63. See McKelvey James Lee, “William Robertson and Lord Bute,” Studies in Scottish Literature 6 (1968-1969): 238-47 ; Brown Stewart J., “Robertson and the Scottish Enlightenment,” in William Robertson and the Expansion of the Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 7-35 . In his dedication, Cullen referred to “the Obligation I am under to your Lordship for an Acquaintance with the Original” from Clavijero, which seems to indicate that Lord Bute had given him the book.
64. Sher, The Enlightenment and the Book, 390 and Appendix.
65. W. Robertson to Lord Elliock, ms. 1036, fol. 106, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; Robertson, preface to History of America, XVIII-XIX. Regarding this quarrel, see Sebastiani Silvia, “Las escrituras de la historia del Nuevo Mundo: Clavijero y Robertson en el contexto de la Ilustración europea,” Historia y Grafía 37 (2011): 203-36 .
66. Smith Samuel Stanthope, An Essay on the Causes of the Variety of Complexion and Figure in the Human Species ... A New Edition with Some Additional Notes, by a Gentleman of the University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh: C. Elliott, 1788).
67. During the same period, Barton wrote his medical dissertation against the image of Indians conveyed by Principal Robertson, which was to remain a controversial topic throughout his works: “An Essay toward a Natural History of the North American Indians. Being an Attempt to Describe, and to Investigate the Causes of Some of the Varieties in Figure, in Complexion etc. among Mankind” (1788-1790), ms. Records, vol. XXIII, fols. 1-17, Archives of the Royal Medical Society, Edinburgh.
68. “Chronology,” EA 4:748-75. “A Chronological Table of Remarkable Events, Discoveries, and Inventions, from the Creation [viz. 4008 BC] to the Year 1789” concludes the article, adding the two fundamental dates, 1787 and 1789, as opposed to EB3, of which the chronology ended with 1783, the date when the Independence of the American Colonies was recognized. The EA continues up until the French Constitution of August 6, 1789, preceded by the March meeting of the first Congress of the USA.
69. Such is the opinion of Cullen in his preface to F. J. Clavijero, History of Mexico 1:v.
70. Jefferson, Notes on Virginia, 59; Franklin Benjamin, “Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, peopling of Countries, & c” (1751), in The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, eds. Labaree Leonard W. et al. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961), 3:234 . On the relationship between the observer and the historian, see Hartog François, Évidence de l’histoire. Ce que voient les historiens (Paris: Éd. de l’EHESS, 2005 ).
71. Hartog François, Anciens, modernes, sauvages (Paris: Galaade, 2005); Certeau Michel de, “Histoire et anthropologie chez Lafitau” (1980) in Le lieu de l’autre. Histoire religieuse et mystique, ed. Giard Luce (Paris: Le Seuil - Gallimard, 2005), 89-111 ; Revel Jacques, “The Uses of Comparison. Religions in the Early Eighteenth Century,” in Bernard Picart and the First Global Vision of Religion, eds. Hunt Lynn A. et al. (Los Angeles: Ghetty Research Institute, 2010), 331-47 .
72. Cañizares-Esguerra, How to Write the History of the New World, 63. My interpretation differs from that of Cañizares in what I perceive to be the epistemological limits of Clavijero’s Christian universalism, which I attempt to explain in the latter part of this analysis.
73. See Curto Diogo Ramada, ed., The Jesuits and Cultural Intermediacy in Early Modern World, Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu, LXXIV/147, 2005 ; Castelnau-L’Éstoile Charlotte de et al., eds., Missions d’évangélisation et circulation des savoirs. XVIe-XVIIIe siècle (Madrid : Casa de Velázquez, 2011 ).
74. Monthly Review 76 (1787): 633-40. The quotation refers to Clavijero’s “Dissertation VI,” 633. The same review was published in the Scots Magazine 49 (1787): 446-49 and 548-51. See also The English Review, or, An Abstract of English and Foreign Literature 9 (1787): 401-10; 10 (1787): 170-82; and 11 (1787): 176-87, which says that Clavijero’s history gives “authentic information” about Mexico, past and present.
75. “Who would imagine, from the pomp and gravity of this account that the author was speaking of a parcel of illiterate savages?” Clavijero’s history is described as “an enormous structure of two solid quartos stuffed with impossible facts, absurd exaggerations, and such a barbarous jargon of uncouth names, as to be within one degree of absolute unintelligibility. ... For our part, if Robertson be wrong, we are content to be wrong with him.” The European Magazine, and London Review 12 (1787): 16-18 and 125-29, quotations on pp. 16-17 and 18.
76. Clavijero was described as capable of observing “with the eye of a philosopher” and of arranging “from the natives exact information with respect to every object of any consequence”; he could be considered “an ocular witness of what he relates,” who opened “some new sources of evidence” on “the state and progress of civilization and arts in Mexico.”
77. “Moral Philosophy,” EB3 12:272-318. The quotation is an excerpt from the new introduction to the entry the “History of the Science of Morals,” written by Gleig, 273. The rest of the article mainly follows what had been abridged by Smellie on the basis of Fordyce David, Elements of Moral Philosophy (London: R. & J. Dodsley, 1754 ).
78. Robertson John, “The Scottish Enlightenment,” Rivista Storica Italiana 108 (1996), 792-829 ; Robertson John, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 1-51 .
79. For more details, see Sebastiani Silvia, “Conjectural History vs. the Bible: Eighteenth-Century Scottish Historians and the Idea of History in the Encyclopaedia Britannica,” Storia della Storiografia 39 (2001), 39-50 .
80. Smith Adam, “Considerations Concerning the First Formation of Languages” (1761), published as an appendix to the third edition of the Theory of Moral Sentiments (Edinburgh: A. Kincaid et J. Bell, 1767). See “Language,” EB3 9:529-61. The article, which was written by Gleig and followed by a long note written by the philologist David Doig on the original language, focused on the “veritable,” or divine, origin of language. In this entry, Adam Smith was associated with Rousseau, Voltaire, and Condillac, as opposed to James Beattie and Samuel Stanhope Smith.
81. “Comparative Anatomy,” EB3 5:249-74. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Lord Monboddo—a Scottish Judge in the Court of Session in Edinburgh and author of the six-volume Of the Origin and Progress of Language (Edinburgh: J. Balfour, 1773-1792)—were the principal targets of the article for having, on the one hand, reduced the wild man to the animal level, and, on the other hand, for having raised the orang-outang to the rank of human being.
82. “History,” EB3 8:561-600, quotation on p. 561. The article was not very different from the one published in EB2 (5:3649-88); it devoted a whole section to “Ecclesiastical History” and was essentially based upon biblical chronology. See also in EB3: “Creation” 5:522-26; “Earth” 6:229-64; “Instinct” 9:259-69; “Moral Philosophy” 12:272; “Religion” 16:61; and “Savage” 16:672.
83. Gleig George, “Advertissement,” in Two Letters on the Savage State, addressed to the late Lord Kames, by Doig David (London: G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1792), XIII . This text was written in 1774 but only published twenty years later. David Doig (1719-1800) wrote the articles “Mythology,” “Mysteries,” and “Philology” for EB3.
84. “Society,” EB3 17:568-90, quotation on p. 569. Robert Heron (1764-1807) was a marginal figure in Scottish circles, having spent several years in prison for debt. He contributed to many journals and newspapers, such as the Edinburgh Magazine, the London Review, the Universal Magazine, and the Anti-Jacobin Review. He was also the author of A New General History of Scotland (Perth: R. Morrison, 1794-1799) and the New and Complete System of Universal Geography, To Which is Added a Philosophical View of Universal History (Edinburgh: R. Morison, 1796).
85. “Religion,” EB3 16:62.
86. “Moral Philosophy,” EB3 12:273.
87. “Society,” EB3 17:569.
88. “Savage,” EB3 16:672.
89. Smith, An Essay, note h by Barton, p. 108. Quoting Doig in the second American edition of his Essay (New Brunswick: J. Simpson and Co., 1810), Smith added a whole section against the universal and primordial savage state (pp. 15-27). Barton did likewise, whereas, in New Views of the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America (Philadelphia: J. Bioren, 1797), he put forward a sophisticated justification of American republicanism using Clavijero as an alternative model to Robertson.
90. On internal tensions within the discourse on progress in the Scottish Enlightenment, see Sebastiani, I limiti del progresso.
91. “Savage,” EB3 16:672-73; Doig, Two Letters, 64-68.
92. “Miracle,” EB3 12:169-74, quotation on p. 170. This article was also written by Gleig.
93. “Savage,” EB3 16:672.
94. Gleig George, Some Account of the Life and Writings of William Robertson (Edinburgh: 1812), lvi . In direct opposition to the criticism addressed by Dugald Stewart to Robertson in 1796 about Robertson’s excessive indulgence toward destructions caused by the Spanish, see Biographical Memoirs of Adam Smith, L.L.D., of William Robertson, D.D. and of Thomas Reid, D.D. Read Before the Royal Society of Edinburgh ... (Edinburgh: G. Ramsay and Co.,1811), 241-42. Otherwise the aim of Gleig’s biography of a “Presbyterian Divine” was to present his Episcopalian version of Scottish ecclesiastical history.
95. “Mexico,” EB3 11:633-86. The article “Peru” (EB3 14:199-221) is also enriched by six pages on the Incas taken from The New Universal Traveler (London: G. Robinson, 1779) by Jonathan Carver, an American soldier, explorer, and author of the popular Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768 (London: J. Walter, 1778).
96. In the new version of the article “Colony” (EB3 5:148-50), commercial colonies lose the positive connotations they had in EB2 (see note 56).
97. “America,” EB3 1:161-62. These are the first lines of the Remarks Concerning the Savages of North-America (1784), in The Bagatelles from Passy, by Benjamin Franklin, ed. Claude A. Lopez (New York: Eakins Press, 1967).
98. “Monster,” EB3 12:245-49.
99. “America,” EB3 1:574-617.
100. “Brasil”: EB2 2:1353-55; EB3 3:516-18. “California”: EB2 3:1578-80; EB3 4:41-42. “Chili”: EB2 3:1903-5; EB3 4:647-49. “Paraguay”: EB2 8:5857-58; EB3 13:729-33. In fact, the Encyclopédie of Yverdon paid a great deal of attention to these same articles, doubling their length or rewriting them completely. See Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, “De l’Encyclopédie de Paris à l’Encyclopédie d’Yverdon : la diffusion de savoirs sur le monde colonial (l’exemple de l’Amérique latine)” in L’Encyclopédie d’Yverdon et sa résonance européenne. Contextes, contenus, continuités, eds. Jean-Daniel Candeaux et al. (Paris: H. Champion, 2005), 256-76.
101. “America,” EB3 1:574 and 617. Regarding the political side of the article, see Castagneto Pierangelo, “Uomo, natura e società nelle edizioni settecentesche dell’Encyclopaedia Britannica” in L’enciclopedismo in Italia nel XVIII secolo, ed. Abbattista Guido (Naples: Studi Settecenteschi, 1996), 435-76 . As expected, this section underwent the most changes in the American version revised by Jedidiah Morse, the EA’s most important contributor and author of Geography Made Easy (New Haven: Meigs, Bowen, and Dana, 1784) and American Geography (Elizabeth Town: 1789), which were already important sources on the United States for EB3. For an in-depth discussion of the changes that took beyond the Atlantic, see: Arner, Dobson’s Encyclopaedia; Arner Robert D., “Thomas Dobson’s American Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica ,” Notable Encyclopaedias of the Late Eighteenth Century: Eleven Successors of the Encyclopédie, ed. Kafker Frank A. (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1994), 201-54 .
102. “Comparative Anatomy,” EB3 5:249-74; “Complexion,” EB3 5:286-90. Some passages are directly taken from the account published in the Monthly Review about Eberhardt August Wilhelm von Zimmermann, Geographische Geschichte des Menschen (Leipzig: Weygandschen Buchhandlung, 1778-83): vols. 80, 1789, 678-90; vols. 81, 1789, pp. 633-41. Texts by Zimmermann, Johannn Friedrich Blumenbach, and Petrus Camper—Dutch physician and member of the Royal Society—along with observations by Samuel Stanhope Smith, define the scientific framework of EB3, in opposition to “false ignorance.”
103. Gascoigne John, “Blumenbach, Banks, and the Beginnings of Anthropology at Göttingen,” in Göttingen and the Development of the Natural Sciences, ed. Rupke Nicolaas A. (Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2002), 86-98 ; Ewan Joseph and Ewan Nesta Dunn, Benjamin Smith Barton. Naturalist and Physician in Jeffersonian America (St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden, 2007); and Bödeker Hans Erich et al., eds., Göttingen vers 1800. L’Europe des sciences de l’homme (Paris: Éd. du Cerf, 2008; repr. 2010).
104. “America,” EB3 1:542-43, mentions the French translation of the Noticias Americanas: Mémoires philosophiques, historiques, physiques, concernant la découverte de l’Amérique ... Avec des observations&additions ... Traduit par M***, 2 vols. (Paris: Buisson, 1787). M*** is Le Febvre de Villebrune, a physician who also translated Gian Rinaldo Carli’s Lettres américaines (Paris: Buisson, 1788). Observations and additions are by J. G. Schneider, who had commented the German version, published in Leipzig in 1781.
105. “America,” EB3 1:551.
106. “America,” EB3 1:560; Jefferson, Notes on Virginia, 113-14. The EA no longer gave any credence to Ulloa’s thesis.
107. “America,” EB3 1:552-53; EA 1:583, with slight variations; and Clavijero, History of Mexico 2:331-32.
108. This is an almost literal translation of excerpts from Buffon, Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roy (Paris: Imprimerie royale, 1749), 3:371-530, in particular pp. 371-73, 381, and 401.
109. “Slavery is, indeed, in every form an evil; but it ... can be advantageously removed only by degrees,” that is when Blacks attain a level of “moral cultivation” that will “enable them to support the rank and discharge the duties of free men.” Their physical appearance and the color of their skin are not only the result of the climate, but also of their wild way of life. Access to civilization will whiten their skin. In EB3, see: “Slavery” 12:522-34, quotation on p. 533; “Negroe” 12:794-98; “Ethiopia” 6:743-800; “Guinea” 8:177-90; “Assiento” 2:404-5; and “Hispaniola,” Supplement, 1:741-43. Smith, p. 99 sq.
110. “Man,” Supplement 2:164-65.
* This paper is the result of research undertaken with a Marie Curie postdoctoral scholarship at the EHESS. Parts of it have been discussed during several international symposia (in Budapest, Florence, Trieste, São Paulo, Edinburgh, and Mexico City), as well as at the EHESS in the seminar on the history of missions and in that on Britishness. I would like to thank all those who, on these various occasions, contributed with diverse questions and, in particular, those who followed the evolution of this latest version: Catherine Bouchey, Adrien Delmas, Alice Ingold, Antoine Lilti, Jacques Revel, Antonella Romano, Hélène Soldini, and Stéphane Van Damme.
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.
Full text views reflects the number of PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views.
* Views captured on Cambridge Core between 20th January 2017 - 16th December 2017. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

domain: library


Abhishek Chaubey to direct the biopic of the hockey legend, Dhyan Chand as his next project. The film will be made under the production houses, Ronnie Screwvala’ RSVP and Premnath Rajagopalan’s Blue Monkey Films. The script has been written by Abhishek and Supratik Sen for more than a year. The casting is not yet decided and a top star is anticipated to play the titular role.
Dhyan Chand is celebrated as “The Wizard” and has represented the Indian Hockey Team from 1925 to 1949 and has scored 1500 plus goals in a total of 185 matches. He played as a center-forward during his entire international career and won 3 Olympic Gold Medals in 1928,1932 and 1936. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in the year 1956 and his birth anniversary is celebrated as National Sports Day, which is on August 29.
Director, Abhishek Chaubey shares, “Dhyan Chand is one of the greatest hockey players in the history of our National Sport, and it’s a matter of pride to direct his biopic. We had a massive amount of research material in hand, and honestly, every achievement of his life deserves a separate story in itself. I am grateful to have a brilliant creative force like Ronnie Screwvala backing the film, and we can’t wait to get started next year. Hoping to announce the lead actor soon”
Ronnie Screwvala, who has produced several cult films of our times such as RANG DE BASANTI, SWADES, A WEDNESDAY, URI, SONCHIRIYA, AND BARFI promises that Dhyan Chand will be among his best films. “Given the largeness and greatness of Dhyan Chand’s life achievements, I feel that there could be no one better than Abhishek to direct the film and it’s an absolute pleasure to collaborate with him again after Sonchiriya. Dhyanchand is the biggest icon of Indian sports who unfortunately the youth of today don’t know much about. There couldn’t have been a greater underdog story than DhyanChand`s and I can’t wait to bring this film to the audiences.”
Padma Bhushan Dhyan Chand’s son, Ashok Kumar – Olympic medalist and winning goal scorer in the 1975 World Cup Hockey– is elated to bring to fore the sporting icon his father has been. “There is no better hockey player to date in the world like 3 time Olympic gold medalist Dhyan Chand. When Rohit Vaid approached me with the desire to make a film on my father, I was instantly drawn to his intensity and passion for the project. The genius of Dhyan Chand and his achievements will be seen by the world and my family and I are thrilled to be part of this”.
Producer Premnath Rajagopalan of Blue Monkey Films says he is honored to bring Dhyan Chand to the screen. “Rohit and I are grateful to Ashok Kumar and the family for putting their faith in us to bring DC’s story to the world. It’s is a legacy and a story that everyone should know, not only in our country but also in the world. We are also looking forward to taking our partnership with Ronnie forward as this would be our 2nd project.”
Dhyan Chand is expected to be released in the year 2022.


text:
We even had our very own first version of online retail of hardware sales, create between nearly $4 trillion to $11 trillion in economic benefits. With the induction of global brands and outlets, pakistan's retail the phenomenal growth in retail sector bodes well for the country's economic health, such limitations negatively impact the ability of unorganized sector to. Ifc mena (cme) and development impact department (cdi) insights on smes by sectors: the service sector, including wholesale, retail, and trade which are the backbone of pakistan's economy as they constitute more. The china-pakistan economic corridor is a game-changer, which is the present boom in the retail sector and leap growth in real estate are.
Retailing in pakistan: retailing grew quite significantly over the review period a growing mixed retailing benefits from economic and socioeconomic trends. The economy of pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity pakistan agriculture also benefits from year round warmth finance, and insurance account for 24% of this sector, and wholesale and retail trade. Karachi: pakistan's burgeoning youth and their freewheeling attitude toward rising incomes have turned the nation into the world's fastest. Studies2 additionally, the economic effect of digitization accelerates as countries 2011, while the brick-and-mortar retailer borders lost market share and.
Italian business associations cooperating for a roadshow in pakistan (italy) 17 retail and wholesale smes are the lifeblood of the european economy to help smes in retail and wholesale modernise and reap the benefits of the digital. The guide enables countries to measure the costs associated with retail payment end users, payment service/infrastructure providers, and the total economy that targeted and client-based interventions can have a significant impact on the . Of economics research assistant, lahore school of economics are interested in adopting e-commerce to develop effective online retail strategies increase in overall perceived risk has a significant negative impact on attitudes. Middle east, north africa, afghanistan, and pakistan low oil prices and to minimize the impact of these 2 for more details on the economic effects of easing sanctions on retail fuel prices (figure 8)—are also supporting consumption.
A pricewaterhousecoopers llp study shows that retail directly and indirectly supports 42 million jobs. Overview of pakistan's economy importance of retail in pakistan pakistan's retail industry- an overview retail formats in pakistan. Here are a few uncomfortable facts: pakistan's formal economy has its overall impact on socio-economic development is mixed at best. Benefits for uk businesses exporting to pakistan include: more than 50% of pakistan's economy is services based, with trade-related and for more information on opportunities in pakistan's retail and leisure sector. As pakistan's economy falters in other areas, consumption growth next five years retail sales volumes and private consumption growth will.
The retail sector has an immense contribution in the overall economic activity of the country according to statistics from the pakistan bureau of. Although pakistan faces considerable macro-economic challenges, particularly retailers make little effort to disguise the fact that they sell. Economic growth in pakistan has historically imports in wholesale and retail trade growth monetary benefits to the old age workers in. Cotton textile industry of pakistan weawing dying printing assessories retail stores cosstomers 11 exports play a pivotal role in economic affairs of pakistan by providing benefits at both macro and.
Pakistan is clearly a shining economy and we all heard the news when it has had a positive impact on how people engage in e-commerce these statistics are a clear indication of the imminent success of online retailing. Analysis of firm level expectations about the pakistan economy sectors ( manufacturing, services and retail sectors) in order to see the differences in the as expected, energy shortages have had the most significant impact on firm level. The retail business is becoming a fad in pakistan the auto loans 'direct economic impact is much higher as the loans are secured and. Those who have remained at the forefront of retail growth for years are now location wasn't taken into account for its impacts on business later – ammar and when it booms, it moves the entire economy but pakistan's real.

domain: finance


text:
He Can Fix Your Student Debt, but Can He Sell You a Mortgage?
As chief operating officer of Twitter Inc., Anthony Noto did a lot to calm the company’s perpetually anxious shareholders. He started as the head of finance but became second in command after management shakeups. On Feb. 26, however, Noto took over as chief executive officer of a financial technology startup, Social Finance Inc., or SoFi. Once again, he’s stepping into a leadership gap at a company with big ambitions—and some big headaches.
With an online-only business model, SoFi has become the largest student-loan-refinancing business in the U.S. And it’s aiming for more: to beat traditional banks by targeting millennials with products ranging from insurance and mortgages to wealth management and checking accounts. But in early September, CEO Mike Cagney left SoFi after allegations that some managers sexually harassed employees. Amid the turmoil, the company withdrew its application for an industrial loan charter, which would allow it to collect FDIC-insured deposits.
Noto hasn’t signaled any big changes in direction. “We’re going to focus now on continuing to execute on the strategic plan and build out our muscle and strength that would give us the option to be a public company at some point,” he told Bloomberg News on his first day on the job.
He’ll be facing increasingly tough competition. SoFi sees Marcus, the consumer-lending business started by Goldman Sachs Group Inc. in 2016, as the biggest threat, according to people familiar with SoFi’s thinking. The Wall Street behemoth focuses on clients planning to refinance credit card debt, and CEO Lloyd Blankfein has pointed to advantages it has over a lot of fintech startups: As a bank, it can use deposits as an inexpensive source of funding.
One question Noto will have to navigate is how much SoFi should use its own balance sheet—that is, hold on to the loans it originates as opposed to selling them to other investors. It currently keeps a slice of loans but sells off most of them. Holding loans allows a company to earn a stream of interest income, but investors generally put a lower value on financial firms than tech platforms. SoFi eventually has to decide “who are we, what can we sustain?” says Henry Coffey, an analyst at Wedbush Securities. “They want a high market valuation, but they have to deal with the realities of being a finance company.” SoFi spokesman Jim Prosser says the company is confident it can grow with its current model.
The startup tries to build a loyal following among young “HENRYs” (high earners not rich yet) and then get them to buy other products and refer their friends. Expanding fee-based products such as wealth management would give the company a buffer if rising interest rates hurt demand for loans. Because SoFi doesn’t have retail branches, it connects with customers by holding events such as career advice nights and celebrations for those who’ve paid off student loans.
Some get extravagant treatment. At a dinner in New York City, “there was a place mat, and when you turned it over, you see a letter that the special person you took with you wrote for you about your journey to paying off the loans,” says Imran Vithani, 29. “I sobbed like a baby.” SoFi says it plans to hold 500 events in 2018, up from 41 in 2015. “We found that the return on investment is really quite good,” Joanne Bradford, the company’s chief marketing officer, says of the gatherings. People who go “refer at a higher rate, take more products from us, and are great at giving us feedback.”
The wealth management unit, fully launched in May 2017, had $42.3 million in assets under management as of Jan. 18, according to Prosser. SoFi is arguably late to this particular game: Betterment LLC and Wealthfront Inc., digital wealth management startups, each has more than $10 billion under management. But that may also suggest there’s room for the business to grow.
Using a partner bank, SoFi is also starting a service that provides checking and debit accounts. “There’s an opportunity to build relationships with our members,” Noto said in February. “We think we can deliver products in a more personalized way with better selection, better information, and better value.” If SoFi can show investors it’s still a threat to traditional banks, the IPO that was first expected in 2015 is still in the cards.

domain: news


text:
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for console or PC games. So ask your Jetpack Joyride question for iPhone - iPod and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community. Note: This game may also be compatible with iPad
Question & Answers
No Gadgets on my ipod
I downloaded on my iPod and there are no gadgets, why?
Posted on: 04-07-2013
View All Videos

domain: entertainment


text:
In Canada (and worldwide) there is a movement toward a more social active and engaged citizenry. In fact, Canada ranks in the top half of countries on social engagement. One-quarter (24%) of Canadian citizens tend to be leading any debates about or trends in social, political or economic issues (“high” on social engagement).
This can be a good sign of a healthy, participatory democracy. But it can also be a challenge leading to socio-political instability and an indication of declining social cohesion.
What does it mean to be socially engaged? Where does Canada rank on the world stage for social engagement? And who’s most active?
Download the latest Ipsos Context Trends Report on Social Engagement in Canada to find out who’s most socially engaged and what it means for government and business.
Report on Business: Strategies from Canada’s Best B2B Brands
On June 17th, join The Globe and Mail for a virtual event showcasing Report on Business magazine’s first-ever ranking of Canada’s Best B2B Brands —developed in partnership with Ipsos— featuring business leaders sharing strategies to build trust and stand apart from the competition.
[WEBINAR] LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey Insights
Join us for a complimentary webinar featuring new research insights from Ipsos’ LGBT+ Pride 2021 Survey – a global study of nearly 20,000 interviews of adults from 27 countries – and a discussion of their implications by a panel of experts from leading academic, advocacy, and business organizations.

domain: sociology


text:
Like their newspaper’s readership, it seems the Sulzberger family has a particular affinity for the Upper West Side. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. recently bought a place at the Dorilton for $3.9 million, and now his cousins have been involved in a nearby sale for more than twice that amount. Daniel and James Cohen, whose maternal grandfather was Arthur Hays Sulzberger, have sold an apartment at The San Remo, city records show.
The brothers, the sons of Judith Sulzberger, who passed away in February of this year, had received the two-bedroom, three-bath apartment in 2008 through a family trust under their mother’s name. Although professionally she eschewed her family’s business and became a doctor, Judith Sulzberger remained involved with the company as a director of the Times from 1974-2000, and, of course, a principal owner of the billion dollar organization until she died.
It seems that while she donned a lab coat and poured over microscopes by day, in the evenings Sulzberger retired to a rather sumptuous roost. The home has a 467-square-foot living room, a master suite with a dressing room, and a dining room which comes “replete with herringbone wood floors, high ceilings and meticulously preserved architectural details,” according to a listing from Corcoran agents Robert Browne, Chris Kann and Gregory Sullivan.
They buyers of the property are Irving and Judith Shafran, a lawyer and a book editor, who previously lived in a full floor apartment at 778 Park. The couple, who SEC filings show had invested with Bernie Madoff’s firm, put their apartment on the market in December, 2009. The Shafrans doubtless breathed a huge sigh of relief when the residence, originally listed for $24 million, entered contract this past May. With the extra capital practically secured (the only hurdle being the co-op board’s blessing of their prospective buyer), the Shafrans made their move. According to StreetEasy, they entered contract Sulzberger’s former home in July.
While more modestly sized, the Sulzberger place does surpass the Shafran’s old Park Avenue apartment in at least one measure: height. Located on the 25th floor of the building (their previous apartment was on the 18th), the couple’s new digs boast views of the park, river and George Washington Bridge. And let’s not forget the light! The home “is flooded with magnificent morning sunlight from the east and mesmerizing sunsets from the west through a total of 19 windows,” according to the listing.
Daniel and James Cohen originally listed their mother’s place for $12.5 million when it hit the market in April, bringing the price down to $11.5 million before the Shafrans snagged it for the $10.25 million.


text:
In the realm of asset management, where efficiency and reliability are paramount, the adoption of predictive maintenance techniques has emerged as a transformative force. Traditionally, asset maintenance relied on scheduled inspections or reactive repairs, leading to downtime, costly replacements, and operational inefficiencies. However, predictive maintenance leverages advanced technologies such as machine learning, IoT sensors, and big data analytics to predict equipment failures before they occur, optimizing asset performance and revolutionizing maintenance strategies.
At its core, predictive maintenance operates on the principle of anticipating equipment failures by analyzing data patterns and performance indicators. Instead of relying on fixed maintenance schedules or waiting for breakdowns to happen, predictive maintenance systems continuously monitor asset health in real-time. IoT sensors embedded within machinery collect a wealth of data, including temperature, vibration, pressure, and other relevant metrics. This data is then transmitted to centralized platforms where it undergoes sophisticated analysis.
Machine learning algorithms play a pivotal role in predictive maintenance by identifying patterns and anomalies within the vast datasets. These algorithms learn from historical data, equipment behavior, and environmental factors to create predictive models. By detecting subtle deviations from normal operating conditions, predictive maintenance systems can forecast potential failures with remarkable accuracy. This proactive approach allows maintenance teams to intervene preemptively, scheduling repairs or replacements at optimal times to minimize downtime and maximize asset lifespan.
One of the key benefits of predictive maintenance is its ability to shift asset management from a reactive to a proactive stance. Rather than waiting for equipment to malfunction, organizations can take proactive measures to address underlying issues before they escalate. By preemptively replacing worn components or adjusting operational parameters, predictive maintenance helps prevent costly breakdowns and unplanned downtime. This not only improves asset reliability but also enhances overall operational efficiency and productivity.
Moreover, predictive maintenance enables condition-based monitoring, where maintenance activities are triggered based on actual asset conditions rather than arbitrary schedules. By continuously monitoring equipment health, organizations can prioritize maintenance tasks according to criticality and resource availability. This targeted approach optimizes maintenance schedules, minimizes unnecessary interventions, and reduces maintenance costs. Additionally, by addressing potential issues early on, organizations can extend the lifespan of assets, maximizing their return on investment.
Furthermore, predictive maintenance facilitates data-driven decision-making by providing actionable insights derived from real-time analytics. Maintenance teams can access dashboards and reports that offer a comprehensive view of asset health, performance trends, and maintenance history. This wealth of information empowers organizations to make informed decisions regarding maintenance strategies, resource allocation, and asset optimization. By leveraging data-driven insights, organizations can streamline maintenance operations, improve asset utilization, and enhance overall operational efficiency.
Another significant advantage of predictive maintenance is its ability to enable predictive analytics, allowing organizations to forecast future maintenance needs and optimize resource allocation. By analyzing historical data and equipment performance trends, predictive analytics can anticipate potential failures, identify emerging maintenance patterns, and forecast maintenance requirements with precision. This foresight enables organizations to plan maintenance activities proactively, allocate resources effectively, and minimize disruptions to operations.
Moreover, predictive maintenance fosters a culture of continuous improvement by facilitating feedback loops and iterative refinement. As predictive models evolve and learn from new data inputs, organizations can fine-tune maintenance strategies, enhance predictive accuracy, and optimize asset performance over time. By embracing a cycle of data collection, analysis, implementation, and evaluation, organizations can continuously enhance their maintenance practices, driving operational excellence and competitive advantage.
In addition to improving asset reliability and operational efficiency, predictive maintenance also offers environmental and safety benefits. By minimizing unplanned downtime and optimizing equipment performance, organizations can reduce energy consumption, emissions, and waste. Furthermore, by identifying potential safety hazards or equipment malfunctions in advance, predictive maintenance helps mitigate risks and ensure a safe working environment for employees.
In conclusion, predictive maintenance is revolutionizing asset management by leveraging advanced technologies and data-driven insights to optimize maintenance practices and enhance asset performance. By shifting from reactive to proactive maintenance strategies, organizations can minimize downtime, reduce costs, and improve operational efficiency. Moreover, predictive maintenance enables condition-based monitoring, data-driven decision-making, predictive analytics, and continuous improvement, driving innovation and competitiveness in the modern era of asset management. Embracing predictive maintenance is not just a technological upgrade; it’s a strategic imperative for organizations seeking to thrive in a rapidly evolving business landscape.

domain: literature


text:
A Dog's Journey
Comedy drama, 108 minutes, Rated PG
This tearjerker sequel to 2017's "A Dog's Purpose" continues the story of canine reincarnation, as one pooch in various bodies protects a young woman throughout her life. Both films are based on novels by W. Bruce Cameron. There's a modest girl-power theme here and a few sequences that could soften the hardest of hearts, but a sky-high saccharine quotient limits its appeal -- W. Addiego, SF Chronicle
All times are 'PM' unless otherwise noted.
Bargain matinee showtimes are designated by (parentheses).

domain: artistic


text:
Kevin is a famous nature photographer who also owns his own studio. He has wealth, fame, success and a beautiful girlfriend but he's not happy or fulfilled. Kevin decides he needs to take a break from his life and heads to the remote cabin he spent his summers at. While there he meets Teak, a local lineman. The two men strike up a friendship but Kevin immediately recognizes that he's sexually attracted to Teak. Teak is up front with his bisexuality but Kevin struggles with what exactly he is. He's always thought he was straight but now he's not so sure. As Kevin struggles through his sexuality and a number of other issues, he and Teak begin a relationship. The rest of the story follows them falling in love and Kevin trying to make sense of this new aspect of his life.
This was my first time reading this author and I enjoyed this book. The plot was good and was well written. These two guys were smoking hot together. Some of the scenes....whew! My only complaint was the ending. It was very abrupt and left things kind of hanging. The guys were happy at the end so I wasn't upset but I felt like the story wasn't actually over. I probably would have given the book a higher rating had the ending been smoother or if the author had included an epilogue. Overall though I really enjoyed the book and will try this author's work again.
*It should be noted that Kevin cheats on his girlfriend at the beginning of the book so be aware for those of you who consider cheating a deal breaker.
Having sex with his girlfriend has begun to feel like a job to nature photographer Kevin Marks. A year of sexual ennui prompts him to head for the solitude of his Minnesota cabin, in search of his lost passion—which he finds in the form of Teak Hidalgo. Kevin can’t resist the gorgeous Texan. Their fateful meeting takes Kevin’s life in a new direction, professionally and personally.
Before long, Teak resuscitates Kevin’s flat-lined libido, becoming the perfect tour guide to a sexual territory Kevin has only fantasized about. Teak provides the safety Kevin needs to finally be who he truly is, and the men embark on a romance better than anything Kevin ever imagined. But their sexy seclusion can’t last forever. All too soon, reality, obligation and envy threaten to sever the couple’s fledgling connection.
A Romantica® gay erotic romance from Ellora’s Cave


text:
Coupon & course info
Course Name: PS: Have Fun Learning Photoshop for Just 10 Minutes a Day!
Subtitle: See how Photoshop techniques are used in action! No need to memorize. You can make these techniques as your own!
Instructor: Taught by Bryan Hong, Online Teaching Expert
Subcategory: Graphic Design
Provided by: Udemy
Price: $9 (before discount)
Free coupon code: See above (no charge for coupon)
Review info & popularity
As of March 23, 2016…
Students: 1,976 students enrolled
Ratings: 220 reviews
Rank: ranked #255 in Udemy Design Courses
Brief course description
Last time you opened Photoshop and are overwhelmed by the tools and possible techniques being used. You don’t know how to make the most out of them, or change them into what you need.
But it doesn’t have to be this way!
You Will Walk Away With…
(Read more about this course on the official course page.)
Bryan Hong bio
With over 10 years of IT and teaching experience under his belt, Bryan is enjoying sharing what he knows through online classes.
(Learn more about this instructor on the official course page.)
If you like this course, you might also be interested in:
Discover the Step By Step Process to Work with HTML And CSS from Scratch. Create Websites for Yourself and For Clients
Taught by Nikhil Parekh, Teaching 20,108 Students in 38 Courses, Celebrity Advisor
Learn how to make your own designs of printables to make it your stickers for your planner
Taught by Raghda M. Hegazy, Design,social media marketing,life style and
Master creating 3D Models for parts, assemble different parts and make motion between them.
Taught by Ashraf Al-Madhoun, Mechatronics Engineer at AlAzhar University
Become A 3DS Max Expert with 3ds Max Animation & Modeling Tutorials course. Over 18 Hours of Training
Taught by Infinite Skills, High Quality Training
Let’s Learn and Master to Create Retina or HiDPI graphics in Photoshop and Illustrator with hands on experience.
Taught by Rahul Giri, Entrepreneur, Web developer and Graphics Designer
Final details for this Udemy course
Skill level: All Levels
Lectures: 12 lessons
Duration: 44 Mins of video
What you get: Apply new techniques in Photoshop
Target audience: Designers
Requirements: That you have Photoshop installed on your computer (CS5 and above will do!)
Access: Lifetime access
Peace of mind: 30 day money back guarantee
Availability: available online, as well as on iOS and Android
Download options: check course to see if you can download lessons

domain: design


text:
Scotland’s Futures Forum hosted Felix Esche, a fourth year student at George Heriot’s School in Edinburgh, for work experience in June 2019. After his time with us, and ahead of our Scotland 2030 event on a sustainable future for urban Scotland, Felix wrote this blog on the future of our cities.
Rebuild or renovate?
In recent times, the suggested future of the world’s megacities has seemed simple: the destruction of the existing urban environment to be replaced with ever greater and more modern buildings.
The aesthetic quality of the spaces created in this urban ideal is far more important than the actual use the surrounding community will get out of them: the core driving force being that the removal and new development of an existing space will stimulate both discussion and the culture of the surrounding society.
As this view becomes more international, driving new projects from New York to Hong Kong, the cities of Scotland may soon be a target for extensive urban redevelopment, in the pursuit of the ideal modern environment.
However, in many cases, the projects borne out of this sense of new cultural development have not resulted in flourishing communities, rather architecturally impressive buildings viewed as magnificent by international consensus but of less use to the cities in which they have been built.
So, as we look to the development of Scotland’s cities, is the answer really to knock down and rebuild or to renovate, repurpose or retrofit existing buildings in community-led projects? Should we look to examples of other successful projects?
The High Line
Originally used as a railway line linking depots in New York, the High Line viaduct was completely abandoned by 1980 as the city moved away from rail transport. In the mid nineties, a plan was announced to knock down the High Line and replace it with other newly created parks and buildings.
In 1999, the Friends of the High Line group was created, a community organisation campaigning for the old High Line viaduct to be preserved and turned into a community park. Eventually this plan was agreed and in 2009, the first section of the retrofitted High Line was opened as a city park. It now thrives, attracting over 7 million visitors a year.
The entire development cost $153 million compared to the estimated $2 billion it brings in assets to the city each year.
The High Line was community-led, required little new development and has resulted in a flourishing local environment with many new museums and shops opening in the area, very close to the High Line for example, the Whitney Museum of American Art.
Seeing the great success of a project based around repurposing a derelict structure and with little demolition work, it is hard to imagine that an equally successful result could have been reached, for the same budget, if the old High Line viaduct had simply been knocked down.
This model of community based and led renovation and redevelopment can easily be seen across the globe. Many other derelict buildings and structures have been retrofitted to create community orientated spaces, for example the Maidashi Ryokuchi in Fukuoka or the 606 in Chicago, both renovated former train tracks.
These projects have been very successful and cost relatively little, compared to other possible options. Often, the cost to demolish and rebuild these structures is far higher (in the case of the High Line alone this would have been over $80 million just to knock it down).
Once built, other projects have another problem. They are often designed without thinking about the local community; they are superficially impressive but have little connection to the people who live round about them. These structures impose cultural values onto communities instead of working with them. And so they often fail to be used by those who would potentially utilise them the most.
Derelict buildings that could be rejuvenated exist in communities across Scotland and spaces might created which the people living nearby can engage with and feel ownership of. Many communities would greatly benefit from unused buildings being made available to them again.
But if the new structures are truly to affect the lives of those who will most use them, the projects must be led by those same groups, not imposed upon them.
Scotland’s Futures Forum exists to encourage debate. The views expressed in this blog are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the Futures Forum’s views.


iPad Now Available in AT&T and Verizon Retail Stores
Following the announcement earlier this month that AT&T and Verizon would begin offering the iPad in their retail stores, both wireless carriers have followed through and launched the device on schedule today.
AT&T is offering only the three Wi-Fi + 3G models, priced at Apple's standard $629/$729/$829. The company also continues to offer its two no-contract monthly data plans at 250 MB ($14.99) and 2 GB ($25.00). Monthly international data plans are also available for those traveling outside of the United States, although at significantly higher prices than domestic data.
For its part, Verizon is offering the the Wi-Fi-only iPad models, promoting bundles with the carrier's MiFi mobile hotspot for $629.99/$729.99/$829.99, effectively offering an over-50% discount on the MiFi's standard no-contract price of $269.99. No-contract monthly data plans for the iPad/MiFi bundle are offered at 1 GB ($20), 3 GB ($35), 5 GB ($50) and 10 GB ($80). The carrier is also offering unbundled Wi-Fi iPads for $499.99/$599.99/$699.99.


text:
top of page
Medical Cannabiz summit brings new perspectives to the Group1607 expansion
The representatives of the Group1607 were invited as VIP guests to the Medical Cannabiz summit that took place on November 4th and 5th in Malta.
This year's event gathered 1500 attendees from around the world, and we’re happy to see that the need for easily integrated innovative solutions and scientific growing technologies stays at top of mind of the modern agriculture industry. This makes our solution a sought-after answer to the industry’s key challenges, and pushes us forward with its further improvement.
We’re also currently working on some business offers we’ve received during the Medical Cannabiz – keep following our updates for more information!
bottom of page

domain: agronomy


text:
Steeped in history and culture, Europe is an ideal travel destination for anyone with wanderlust. Eat your way through Italy, ride an iconic red bus in England, or take the train through many countries during a long holiday. No matter your agenda, you can find accommodation deals here on Expedia.com.au to keep you pampered and comfortable along your journey. Whether you need the best hotels for your solo adventure or for a family holiday, turn to Expedia.com.au for your European hotel needs.
Main Cabin passengers will also receive complimentary snacks and soft drinks or even full meals on transcontinental flights. Additional food and drinks are also available for purchase on many routes. Free snacks include Biscoff cookies or mini pretzels on flights over 250 miles. Business Class and First Class passengers can enjoy premium meals and a selection of award-winning wines.
American Airlines is one of the world's largest airline by size, revenue, and the number of passengers carried. It is a founding member of Oneworld, the third largest airline alliance in the world with partners like British Airways, Iberia, and Finnair. The airline offers flights to 350 destinations in 50 countries around the world, averaging nearly 6,700 flights each day.
We are the world’s travel platform. Our purpose is to bring the world within reach. We are among the largest technology companies in the world, and our work is solely dedicated to one of the most socially and economically important activities on the planet – travel. Our travel brands represent the world's most comprehensive selection of travel offerings. From personal to business, last minute to expenses, we’ve got it. These options are backed by industry leading technology and a worldwide team of passionate employees whose focus is creating the best travel experience.
Feel like courting Lady Luck? Head to “Sin City” to try your luck at the slots. Even if you don’t gamble, you can browse all sorts of cheap hotels in Las Vegas through Travelocity, and you’ll have such a grand time exploring the best hotel pools in Las Vegas, you’ll wonder how long you can stay in a hotel before you become an official resident. If you do decide to leave, there’s another Nevada getaway where you can try your luck at the casinos, so be sure to explore our deals at Reno hotels. If you win big, you’ll never stress about how much to tip a hotel maid again—and you can enjoy the world-class skiing in nearby Tahoe.
The move was criticized by some rental hosts, stating it would deprive them of much needed income. These implementations were also criticized by the opposing Non-Partisan Association. Councillor George Affleck argued it was creating more bureaucracy, taxation and sticks, which was not solving the problem. He argued it made Vancouver a more difficult and costly place to live, also giving the opinion that more long term rental housing needs to be built. Airbnb's public policy manager for Canada welcomed the move of making short term rental legal, but criticized the ban on secondary suites from being rented. The company was also considering challenging the move, arguing that many family home spaces are saved for friends and relatives and would not be available for the long term rental market regardless.
The rigidity can also cause drama at the airport, where it can produce uneven customer service, as agents may close out flights before connecting passengers arrive. Isom said he understands the criticism, but said in many cases keeping operational integrity helps more customers. American has 6,700 daily flights, and sometimes it’s easier to put passengers on the next one, rather than hold doors open.
get up and go, whether it’s across the state, the country, or the world, and we reward them every trip of the way. That means inspiring our customers to book, earn rewards and turn vacation days into actual vacation. It doesn’t hurt that we also have Orbitz Rewards, the only best-in-class loyalty program where customers can earn rewards immediately on flights, hotels and packages, and redeem instantly on tens of thousands of hotels worldwide.
We have hundreds of thousands of hotels listed on our website, so no matter where in the world you want to go you are guaranteed to find the perfect hotel with Expedia. Whether you’re looking for a domestic weekend break with a London hotel, or maybe an international hotel in New York, Rome or Tokyo, you’ll be hard pressed to a find better hotel deal.
As part of American Airlines’ overhaul project, Terminals 4 and 5 will be redesigned as a single 300,000-square-foot hall with bigger bathrooms, more power outlets and large windows that will allow in natural light. The overall area won’t expand much, but American Airlines officials say a reconfigured ticket counter and check-in area will reduce wait times.
Hosts provide prices and other details for their rental or event listings. Pricing is determined by the host, with recommendations from Airbnb. Hosts may be required to report income and pay income taxes on income received via Airbnb. In the US, homeowners who refinance their mortgages with some agencies are able to count income they earn from Airbnb rentals on their refinance loan applications.

domain: travel


Shatta Wale – Am Da One Mp3 Download
Here’s another fresh one for the ladies from King Shatta Wale, the song’s titled ‘AM DA ONE’ and was produced by Da Maker.
Shatta Wale murdered this reggae beat Back To Back.
Download & Enjoy!
DOWNLOAD: Shatta Wale – Am Da One (Prod. By Da Maker) and was produced by


Wireless Charging is generally considered as a luxury that is reserved for flagship smartphones. And while the majority of the smartphones skimp out on this feature, there doesn’t seem to be a lot of backlashes, as wireless charging majorly, is still rather slow. Yes, there are brands like Xiaomi and Huawei who are upping the wattages to match wired charging solutions, but that technology has not been made mainstream as of yet. More popular brands like Samsung and Apple still charge at 7.5W or 10W. However, this does not take away from the fact that wireless charging can be convenient at times. All you have to do is rest your phone against a pad and that’s pretty much it. This can be handy when you are at your desk or you are just too sleepy at night to plug in your phone.
Either way, wireless charging is here to stay, and the Stuffcool WC510 wireless charger is an accessory you must consider if your phone supports wireless charging. It comes with a minimal design, support for Qi charging technology, up to 10W of output, a USB-C port and a phone-stand design which is more practical than the lay-flat design of generic wireless chargers. Let’s talk about all these aspects in detail.
Design and Build Quality
Since a wireless charger is generally a desk accessory, the design can be an important factor for many. The Stuffcool WC510 wireless charger has a simplistic design and comes in two colors – A stealthy black which we personally prefer, and a white variant that we received for review. While the white does look elegant, it is easier to get dirty and doesn’t blend in too well if you have a setup with a lot of darker elements.
The material used in the construction of the charger is soft rubberized plastic which feels good to touch. The charger feels sturdy and there is a rubberized grip at the bottom to hold your phone in place. There is also an LED indicator on the front to show the charging status. The Stuffcool WC510 looks minimal, feels robust and that’s exactly what one would expect from an accessory like this.
There’s not much to speak about the functionality of a charger! There’s a USB Type-C port at the back which is great. It ensures you can even use your existing smartphone charger to power the wireless charger. It takes an input of 5V/2A or 9V/2A and gives out an output of up to 10W if your phone supports it. The Samsung Galaxy Note10+ for example charges at 10W, whereas the iPhone 11 Pro has a maximum input of 7.5W. For a Qi Certified wireless charger that’s relatively affordable, these are the standard specifications.
For comparison, the Galaxy Note10+ charges in about 1 hour and 15 minutes using the default wired charger rated at 25W and when charged using the Stuffcool WC510 wireless charger, it takes about 3 hours. Yes, the duration is more than half, but wireless charging, at least as of now, is more about convenience than speed. If you charge your phone overnight, leaving it on the wireless charger will do the trick as you’re not worried about how quick your phone charges.
Stuffcool claims to be using dual coils in order to increase efficiency, and there are also some safety mechanisms in place to prevent over-voltage. The wireless charger is also case compatible with cases up to 6mm in thickness. Any device with Qi Wireless Charging support can be used with this wireless charger. Stuffcool is offering 6 months of warranty with this device against manufacturing defects which is good.
Should you get it?
Other than the fact that your phone takes unusually long to charge and there is some heat dissipation you would observe due to induction losses, there doesn’t seem to be any cons of the Stuffcool WC510 wireless charger. It works just the way it is intended to and looks minimal but feels premium. The Stuffcool WC510 Wireless Charger can be purchased for Rs. 2,999 from Amazon India. Now, there are other affordable options from rather unknown brands that provide a similar set of features, or even more in some cases which puts the Stuffcool WC510 slightly on the back foot. However, Stuffcool is a slightly more premium brand so you pay for that extra reliability. If you have a lower budget, you can check out our compilation of the best affordable wireless chargers and then arrive at a decision.


text:
UAE foreign minister on landmark visit to Iraq
DUBAI - United Arab Emirates Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahayan arrived in Baghdad on Thursday on the first visit to Iraq by a chief diplomat from an Arab country in the Gulf since the 2003 US invasion, an Emirati official said.
‘Sheikh Abdullah's visit to Baghdad is the first by a foreign minister from any Gulf Cooperation Council country,’ the official told AFP, requesting anonymity.
The GCC groups Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia alongside the UAE.
He said Sheikh Abdullah was set to meet his Iraqi counterpart Hoshyar Zebari.
‘The UAE has been offering a lot of support to Iraq since the war’ which toppled Saddam Hussein's regime, he said.
The United States has been pressing its oil-rich allies in the Gulf to show more support for the Iraqi government and to send ambassadors to Baghdad.
It was not immediately clear if Thursday's visit was a prelude to doing so.
The UAE withdrew its most senior diplomat, a charge d'affaires, from its Iraqi embassy in May 2006 after an Emirati diplomat was kidnapped by Islamist militants and held for two weeks before being released.
Before the diplomat was set free, his kidnappers demanded that the UAE withdraw its ambassador and shut down a Dubai-based Iraqi television channel.
The official told AFP Emirati diplomats returned home after their fellow diplomat's abduction. The UAE embassy has since ‘not been fully functional,’ but this did not mean a diplomatic break, he said.
Authorities had put in place multiple emergency response plans. READ MORE
The lost items included cash and personal belongings. READ MORE
Her videos have helped teachers across the UAE pass their TLS exam... READ MORE
Construction work will also resume across the city READ MORE
Move comes ahead of the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the... READ MORE
Sushant Singh Rajput's death and the subsequent arrest of his... READ MORE
The South Asian nation is considered especially prone to flooding,... READ MORE
The attack on Thursday plunged the capital into darkness as the power ... READ MORE


text:
As the eagle-eyed may have spotted, my blog has a new address: http://www.robwrites.com
It kind of sums up the stuff that goes on on here, and it was only £9 for a year.
So from now on, Rob’s blog will be known as Rob writes. I’m sure you don’t need me to tell you to add it to your favourites.
The site will hopefully get a bit of a makeover in the not-too-distant future as well, so watch out for that. Exciting times indeed.

domain: hobby


text:
Supporting your clients income and wellbeing
Shares many of the same features as our Income Protection Benefit, but the premiums they pay start lower and increase each year with age
The cover is designed for those who want to help protect against a loss of income, if unable to work due to incapacity caused by illness or injury, while covered by the plan.
Your clients can choose from the following when taking out the cover;
- Increasing Low Start Income Protection: Helps protect the monthly benefit against inflation.
- Low Cost option: Helps to reduce the cost of the plan, the benefit is paid out for one or two years for each individual claim (depending on what was chosen at outset).
- Stepped Benefit: Provides two deferred periods, and two different monthly benefits, all within one plan. Useful for clients with company sick pay schemes. (Not available with Low Cost option)
For more information about Increasing Low Start Income Protection please refer to the Policy Booklet.
Low Start Income Protection is not a savings or investment product and has no cash value unless a valid claim is made. This product does not include unemployment cover and therefore will not pay out if your client becomes unemployed.
The monthly benefit we pay out under your client’s plan may affect their claim to benefits paid out under other income protection plans.

domain: economics


text: News World Alzheimer's Day World Alzheimer's Day is a global opportunity to raise awareness, educate, encourage support of and demystify dementia. What can I do on World Alzheimer's Day? There are many ways to get involved with World Alzheimer’s Day: Register to volunteer at a local Memory Walk Access support and information from organisations such as Alzheimer's Society, Age UK BwD and Care Network Organise or take part in an Alzheimer's Society fundraising event Make a donation to a charity like Care Network that supports dementia and provide help and hope to people living with dementia Why is World Alzheimer's Day important? Globally, dementia is one of the biggest challenges we face, with nearly 50 million people living with dementia worldwide. To tackle this international challenge, we need to work together and share best practice with one another. What help is available at Care Network? There are many reasons why people experience memory issues and for anyone who is having problems or is concerned about their memory, or cares for someone who is, we can offer advice and support to help keep you safe and independent at home. Our Memory Matters service is available to residents in Blackburn with Darwen who are living with any form of memory loss, including dementia, at any stage, even before diagnosis. We will work with you, your family and carers to make sure that you that you have access to all the support and services that are available. We understand that everyone’s needs are different and uinque, but as a guide, here a some of the things we can help to support you with: Providing a general home safety assessment Support in identifying simple solutions to help with day to day tasks, visual and orientation problems or safety risks Providing free, small aids and equipment to help around the home Putting you in touch with services and organisations who offer advice and support, such as blue badges for disabled parking, benefit advice, lasting power of attorney, emergency plans and fire safety Ready to find out more? Call us on 01254 507255 (option 3) You can also find a full list of Care Network's contact and drop-in details here.

domain: health


text:
Haemodialysis delivery system
Tablo® is a mobile haemodialysis system developed by Outset Medical for the treatment of patients with acute and/or chronic renal failure.
The US Food and Medical Administration (FDA) granted 510(k) clearance to the haemodialysis system in November 2016. It is also the first-of-its-kind system to receive approval from the FDA in April 2020 for use in patients at their home.
Covid-19 virus has been found to hamper kidney function in affected patients, overwhelming the dialysis services in the hospitals during the pandemic.
The Outset Medical, in collaboration with the US Department of Health and Human Services, delivered 50 Tablo haemodialysis systems to the hospitals in the emergency locations in New York City and Long Island in May 2020.
Covid-19 pandemic increased the urgency to provide dialysis patients with options for various care settings including home.
Tablo device is a simple, self-contained, low-cost haemodialysis delivery console comprising fluidic systems and a dialysis delivery system with high-flux dialysers.
The fluidic systems function as a water purification system, while the dialysis delivery system performs the dialysis activities.
The blood flow rate of the system is up to 400ml per minute with an extracorporeal circuit volume of 140ml, maximum ultra-filtration rate of 2,000ml per hour and dialysate flow rate of 100, 200, 300ml per minute.
Tablo sensors automate a larger part of setting, procedure, management and maintenance of the system. The Tablo cartridge requires no manual set up, thus minimises the setting and take-down time. The dialysate on-demand facilitates purification of water and real-time dialysate production.
The haemodialysis system features expanded wireless data transmission capability with two-way cloud communication. This allows users to access treatment data anywhere.
Touchscreen interface provides three-dimensional animations and conversational instructions to navigate the user through the system settings and treatment in a simple way. The regular automated updates improve the system ability with time. The wheels provide mobility to the system, enabling it to work in diverse care settings.
Other features include automated self-cleaning, saline bolus and tracking ability, single touch rinse-back, treatment duration flexibility ranging between 30 minutes and 24 hours with a change in supplies and integrated blood pressure cuff. The system also reduces the training time of the operators to a few hours.
EPA quality drinking water is fed to the system with an incoming temperature between 5oC and 32oC and incoming pressure of 30-80 PSIG.
The filtration system includes integrated sediment, carbon, reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafilter, while output purified water meets Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standards.
A total of 30 patients were studied in an eight-week, prospective, multi-centre, home haemodialysis trial for the safety and effectiveness of the system at home.
Patients received four treatment periods, in which dialysis was performed four times in a week for 21 consecutive weeks including one-week run-in, eight-week in-centre, four-week transition and eight-week in-home. The trial showed no device-related adverse events in patients.
The study demonstrated that the system is easy to learn and functions in an in-home setting. It allowed at-home dialysis of the patient while remaining functional during treatment. More than 500,000 people in the US currently need dialysis treatment thrice or more in a week, which takes about four hours per treatment. Every year, approximately 100,000 new patients start taking dialysis treatment.
Clarius Phased Array (PA) HD (high-definition) ultrasound scanner is the wireless, app-based handheld scanner developed by Canada-based Clarius Mobile Health…
MiVu™ is the first mucosal integrity (MI) testing system for rapid diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE)…
LP1250 is a wireless remote monitoring system developed by LifeSignals Group to allow healthcare professionals to continuously collect electrocardiography (ECG)…

domain: medical


text:
A few days ago, I came across a recipe that used smoked salmon in a hot pasta dish and I gave it a try. I didn’t like it much, as it turned out, chiefly because, as with canned tuna, I find that the delicate and best flavors of smoked salmon are lost when it is heated. I still had some of the salmon left, however, and it struck me that pairing it with pasta in a cold preparation should work just fine. The recipe I settled upon for today’s post is not only very tasty, but dead easy to make…
- 2 cups cold Penne, * see below;
- 2/3 cup Smoked Salmon, sliced into strips;
- 1 small Scallion, white part only, finely chopped;
- ½ small Green Bell Pepper, cut into 3” slivers;
- 1 Plum Tomato, diced after seeds and soft pulp removed;
- 4 Tbsp. Mayonnaise (be generous);
- 2 Tbsp. Capers, coarsely chopped;
- ½ tsp. Garlic Paste;
- 1 tsp. chopped fresh Thyme;
- 1 Tbsp. chopped fresh Parsley;
- 1 pinch Black Pepper;
- 1 pinch Salt;
- 1 Tbsp. Lemon Juice.
First, put the mayonnaise in the bottom of a large bowl and stir in the capers, garlic, lemon juice, herbs and seasonings. Next, fold in the pasta and the remaining ingredients, adding the salmon last and stirring gently so as not to break the strips. Leave this to chill and blend the flavors for at least an hour. I had some of my batch after the first hour and left the rest in the refrigerator for the next day. It was even better!

domain: food


text:
As a learning, talent, and leadership development professional, we know that ongoing insights and inspiration are key to helping others grow. A great way to nurture your own learning and talent is to read books by experts and professionals who can lead you in the right direction and inspire.
In this post, we highlight some of the best books for insight, advice, and inspiration.
- Radical Candor: Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity by Kim Scott. This book offers a framework for how to be a boss and a human who actually cares. Scott believes in the importance of continual feedback, building a cohesive team, and reaching the goals you care about.
- The Talent Code by Daniel Coyle. This book delves into the science behind how people develop expertise and achieve mastery in their chosen field. It offers practical strategies for fostering a culture of learning and development within organizations.
- Design for How People Learn by Julie Dirksen is a book for those who want to create engaging learning experiences for their employees and colleagues. If you want to, “enable your audience to both gain and retain the knowledge and skills you’re sharing,” then this book is for you.
- Leaders Eat Last by Simon Sinek. This book examines the importance of creating a strong, supportive culture within organizations, and how leaders can foster this culture by putting the well-being of their team members first.
- Loonshots: How To Nurture The Crazy Ideas That Win Wars, Cure Diseases, And Transform Industries By Safi Bahcall is for those who wonder how a company can either be a place for innovation that changes their business beyond their wildest dreams or be a place that shuts down innovation and squelches creativity.
These are just a few of the many excellent books available for learning, talent, and leadership development professionals. We recommend these and we’d love to hear about your most impactful selections. Email us at firstname.lastname@example.org. Happy reading!