text:
Progressive Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg decided to press criminal charges against Daniel Penny, a Marine veteran who used a chokehold to restrain Jordan Neely, a mentally ill homeless man with a lengthy criminal record who was allegedly threatening others, in an ultimately fatal May 1 incident on a New York City subway train.
In the couple of days that have elapsed since the charge was filed, a legal defense fund set up on Penny's behalf has been inundated with donations in a clear display of support for his alleged actions to protect the safety of others, the Conservative Brief reported.
The massive amount of contributions to Penny's defense fund also serves as an expression of a backlash against DA Bragg, who bowed to the intense pressure imposed upon him by progressive politicians, activists, and mobs of angry protesters who demanded that Penny be held accountable for Neely's death.
Last week, a legal defense fund for Penny was established on the fundraiser site GiveSendGo by the defense attorneys for the accused Marine veteran.
"Funds are being raised to pay Mr. Penny’s legal fees incurred from any criminal charges filed and any future civil lawsuits that may arise, as well as expenses related to his defense," the fundraiser's description stated.
"All contributions are greatly appreciated. Any proceeds collected which exceed those necessary to cover Mr. Penny’s legal defense will be donated to a mental health advocacy program in New York City," the statement added.
As of Sunday afternoon, Penny's legal defense fund had already raised more than $1.75 million.
New York's WABC reported on Friday that Penny voluntarily turned himself in that morning to authorities at a Manhattan police precinct and shortly thereafter made a brief appearance in court to be arraigned on a charge of second-degree manslaughter, which could result in up to 15 years in prison if convicted.
Penny did not enter a plea during that hearing and was ultimately released after a $100,000 bond was posted, and he is next scheduled to appear in court on July 17.
Of course, the family of Neely, bolstered by the demands of activists and protesters, let it be known that they are not satisfied with the manslaughter charge against Penny and instead have urged DA Bragg to pursue first-degree murder charges in the case.
For his part, Bragg said in a statement, "After an evaluation of the available facts and evidence, the Manhattan D.A.'s Office determined there was probable cause to arrest Daniel Penny and arraign him on felony charges. The investigation thus far has included numerous witness interviews, a careful review of photo and video footage, and discussions with the Medical Examiner's Office."
"As this case proceeds, we will be constrained from speaking outside the courtroom to ensure this remains a fair and impartial matter," the prosecutor added. "Jordan Neely should still be alive today, and my thoughts continue to be with his family and loved ones as they mourn his loss during this extremely painful time."
The New York Post's editorial board on Friday called out DA Bragg for skipping the routine step of seeking an indictment from a grand jury and proceeded instead to directly file the criminal charge against Penny in an apparent response to the unrelenting pressure from leftist activists and politicians who've essentially called for Penny's head as "justice" for Neely's death.
However, the editorial board noted, "All the loudmouths braying for Penny’s head don’t give a damn about restoring public safety in New York City. And by jumping to work their will, Bragg again proved his loyalty to Team Crime."


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In the United States, one in four adults experiences a mental illness each year and one in 17 adults live with a serious mental illness like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Mental illnesses can include a wide array of medical conditions that affect mental well-being, mood, thinking patterns, and behavior. Many mental illnesses are even more devastating than bodily conditions, but luckily psychiatric nurses work hard to assist patients in overcoming their illness. As part of the treatment team with psychiatrists, counselors, and other physicians, psychiatric nurses use their expertise to provide comprehensive mental health care. Psychiatric nurses strive to develop treatment plans and provide supportive counseling to help patients lead fulfilling, productive lives once again. Below is a full job description detailing what nurses can expect from specializing in the psychiatric nursing field.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average annual salary for the 2.6 million registered nurses working in America is $69,790, which is equivalent to a mean hourly wage of $33.55. In particular, psychiatric nurses who specialize in helping physicians implement mental health treatments earn a median salary of $68,272 each year.
When just starting out in a psychiatric unit, new nurses can expect to land in the bottom tenth percentile of earnings with a yearly salary of around $45,880. However, it’s important to note that psychiatric nurses with more experience and leadership responsibilities often climb the salary ladder to bring home upwards of $85,097 annually.
Psychiatric nurses are given the overall responsibility of treating patients who have been diagnosed with mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, addiction, dementia, anorexia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric nurses spend the majority of their day developing treatment plans, taking patients’ medical histories, offering counseling, helping patients tackle everyday tasks, delivering prescribed medications, and aiding in the recovery process. Many psychiatric nurses will teach patients and their families about the mental illness to ensure patients will cope when returning to their daily routine. Psychiatric nursing is focused on providing holistic, long-term assistance to aid in patients emotional, psychological, and social growth.
In order to be successful, psychiatric nurses must be compassionate with the ability to empathize with individuals who are struggling to overcome mental illness. Emotional maturity and good crisis intervention skills is essential for psychiatric nurses to effectively support patients who are often angry at their situation. Psychiatric nurses must be good communicators with the interpersonal skills to give patients clear instructions and convey treatment results with other healthcare providers. Being detail-oriented and having solid organizational skills is important for psychiatric nurses to keep meticulous records, especially on medications. Psychiatric nurses should also have excellent problem-solving skills to think quickly on their feet whenever an emergency arises.
Degree and Education Requirements
It’s possible for individuals to work in the psychiatric nursing after completing a short training program to become a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) or Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN). But, the majority of psychiatric nurses have received an RN license by completing a two-year associate’s degree in nursing (ADN) or four-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). When choosing a school, it’s best to find an accredited program that offers elective or concentration coursework in psychiatric or mental health nursing. RNs who return to school to earn a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) have the ability to advance their careers as Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (PMHNPs) with more independent diagnosis and treatment duties.
Pros and Cons of the Position
Nursing is an in-demand field with high levels of employment growth and critical shortages, so finding employment is hardly ever an issue. In particular, psychiatric nurses can work in a wide variety of multi-faceted, patient-facing positions in mental health settings depending on their interests. Psychiatric nurses have the rewarding opportunity to make a difference in improving the lives of those with mental instability. Psychiatric nurses also earn an above-average salary with the potential for advancement to the nurse practitioner level. On the flip side, psychiatric nurses often must work long shifts during irregular hours to provide 24/7 assistance to their patients. Psychiatric nurses work with patients suffering an array of mental health conditions, some of which may be potentially dangerous to staff or themselves. Psychiatric nurses must always be prepared to tackle all types of mental and emotional upheaval, which can be stressful and raise risk for burnout.
While earning your nursing education, you should begin to build practicum and internship experience in psychiatric healthcare settings to determine if this is the right specialty area for you. Once you complete your degree, you’ll be qualified to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) to legally practice without supervision. From there, start applying for staff nursing positions in inpatient or outpatient care centers that serve patients undergoing mental health treatment. After you’ve practiced at least two years full-time in registered nursing and have completed 2,000 hours of clinical practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing, it’s best to receive professional certification too. Through the ANCC, you can become Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) in Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing by passing a 175-question certification exam.
As demand for healthcare services grows, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the overall employment of registered nurses will skyrocket by 19 percent before 2022, thus creating around 526,800 new positions. Job turnover rates in psychiatric-mental health nursing tends to be considerably higher than other specialties, so there’s likely to be a dire shortage. With the large baby boomer population reaching late adulthood, there’s also expected to be a large demand for psychiatric nurses to help patients living with the effects of Alzheimer’s diseases and other dementias. Psychiatric nurses with a bachelor’s degree and valid RN licensure should have the best job prospects. Employment can be found in hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, addiction treatment centers, community mental health programs, outpatient clinics, correctional facilities, and even schools.
Another interesting read:

domain: psychology


text:
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(a) The Director may grant an exemption from the requirement in Section 26-22 for any real property that is:
(1) in compliance with 26-22(a) and the property owner has been actively seeking in good faith to rent or sell the property if:
(A) the time period for sale or rent does not exceed 1 year from the initial listing, offer, or advertisement of sale or rent of a residential building; and
(B) the building has a valid certificate of occupancy;
(2) for a period not to exceed 12 months, the subject of a pending application for a necessary approval for development before the Planning Board, Board of Appeals, or Office of Zoning and Administrative Hearings; or
(3) for a period not to exceed 24 months, the subject of a probate proceeding.
(b) The cumulative time period that a vacant dwelling may be exempted from this Article must not exceed 3 years.
(c) An application for an exemption must be made on a form the Director prescribes.

domain: law


Night Light Wireless Charging Speaker
- Small compact minimalistic design, fitting on your desk or bedside perfectly
- Wireless charging, Bluetooth speaker & 4 lighting modes
- Non-slip silicone pad holds phone in place
Wireless charger, bluetooth speaker and night light all rolled into one product with the Night Light Wireless Charging Speaker. Create an ambient setting with 4 adjustable different lighting modes whilst listening to your favourite music, whether it’s at your office or in the comfort of your own home.
Simply place your phone on top of the Night Light to begin charging, the warm light will turn blue to indicate charging. Touch the light symbol to turn on the light, touch again to cycle through different light modes. With two generous branding areas this is the perfect desktop accessory to promote your brand!
Lead Time: 2-3 Weeks
Product Size: 99.5 x 99.5 x 58.4mm
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Printing Options: 1-4 Spot Colour


text:
Covid-19 rates in Inishowen have jumped again to well above the national average.
The Buncrana/South Inishowen local area recorded Ireland’s highest Covid figures again this week, with a 14-day incidence rate of 880.8 per 100,000. A total of 197 people in the area have been diagnosed with Covid-19 in the past fortnight.
Concerning rates have also been recorded in North Inishowen/Carndonagh local electoral area. The 14-day incidence rate is now 624.9 per 100,000. There were 106 new cases detected in the area.
Carndonagh has Ireland’s third highest Covid-19 rate this week. Letterkenny is also among the 10 worst affected areas at number five.
Ireland’s national average, as of Monday, was 121.8 per 100,000.
Letterkenny’s rate sits three times above that at 369.2 per 100,000. There were 110 new cases in the area in the past two weeks.
It’s the first time since the beginning of May that local area figures have been shared by the government in Ireland’s Covid-19 datahub.
The South Donegal LEA is the only part of Donegal which does not have above-average rates.
See further details and rates in the table below:
The HSE today warned that positivity rates in Donegal are much higher than the rest of the country.
Positivity is at 11% at a Donegal test centre, while the average rate in Ireland is 4.6%.
Large increases in COVID-19 figures in the Inishowen area and South Donegal as well as in Sligo have led the HSE to appeal for the public to exercise extra caution.
A pop up, walk-in test centre was set up in Buncrana as a result of the increase, with Friday the 9th of July being the last day for the facility at Nailors Row Car Park behind Cockhill Health Centre.

domain: geography


text:
Advances in Quantum Chemistry presents surveys of current developments in this rapidly developing field that falls between the historically established areas of mathematics, physics, and chemistry. With invited reviews written by leading international researchers, as well as regular thematic issues, each volume presents new results and provides a single vehicle for following progress in this interdisciplinary area.
The intention of this volume, as with the previous volume in this series is to present the latest developments in the field of energy deposition as it is actually viewed by many of the major researchers working in this area. It is not possible to incorporate all of the important players and all of the topics related to energy deposition in the limited space available; however the editors have tried to present the state of the art as it is now.
Please Note: This is an On Demand product, delivery may take up to 11 working days after payment has been received.
2. Friction force for charged particles at large distances from metal surfaces.
3. Resonant coherent excitation of channeled ions.
4. The Barkas-effect correction to Bethe-Bloch stopping power.
5. Molecular stopping powers from the target oscillator strength distribution.
6. Chemical and physical state effects in electronic stopping.
7. Calculation of cross sections for proton and antiproton stopping in molecules.
8. Advances in the Core-And-Bond (CAB) formalism for proton stopping in molecular targets.
9. Aspects of relativistic sum rules.
10. Stopping power of an electron gas for heavy unit charges: models in the kinetic approximation.
11. High Z ions in hot, dense matter.
12. Interferences in electron emission from H2 induced by fast ion impact.
13. Thoughts about nano dosimetry.
Sabin, John R.
John R. Sabin is Professor of Physics and Chemistry Emeritus at the University of Florida, and Adjungeret Professor at the University of Southern Denmark. He received the AB degree from Williams College in 1962 and the PhD from the University of New Hampshire in 1966. Thereafter he was a postdoctoral student at Uppsala University and at Northwestern University. He was Assistant Professor at the University of Missouri for three years (1968-1971) and then came to the University of Florida where he has been since.
Sabin's research interest is in the theoretical description of the interaction of fast charged baryon projectiles with atomic and molecular targets, both as neutrals and ions. In this work, he uses molecular quantum mechanics to describe such interactions. In particular, he is interested in the mechanism of absorption of the projectile's mechanical energy by the target, where it is mostly converted to electronic energy, which is measured by the target's mean excitation energy. He has written some 250 articles in this and related fields.
Sabin is editor of Advances in Quantum Chemistry and has been editor of the International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. He has edited some 90 volumes and proceedings.

domain: chemistry


text:
Lying really does get easier the more you do it.
While telling an untruth might feel uncomfortable at first, your brain becomes desensitized to lies as the fibs start piling up, according to a study published in Nature Neuroscience.
Researchers in the experimental psychology department at University College London tested dishonesty in 80 subjects while scanning their brains. The men and women were shown pennies in a glass jar, and they were given incentives to lie to a partner about how much money was in the jar.
The study found that when the subjects first lied, they activated the amygdala, or the part of the brain that processes emotions and arousal. But each time the subjects lied about the money, the amygdala was activated less and less — which would make it easier for the person to keep lying. This suggests why small fibs can snowball into real whoppers so quickly.
Worse, the amygdala was even less active when people lied in self-interest. So your brain essentially supports deception over time so long as it benefits yourself.
"When we lie for personal gain, our amygdala produces a negative feeling that limits the extent to which we are prepared to lie," said senior author Dr Tali Sharot in the report. "However, this response fades as we continue to lie, and the more it falls the bigger our lies become. This may lead to a 'slippery slope' where small acts of dishonesty escalate into more significant lies."
So your mom was onto something when she warned you that a lie begets a lie.
The report also noted that more research could show this gradual desensitization of the brain may also apply to risk-taking behavior or acts of violence.

domain: news


text:
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. There are over 51,000 deaths annually from this disease in Japan. The characteristics of lung cancer have changed for several decades. The incidence of the elderly, adenocarcinoma in histology, and stage I disease continues to increase from year to year. In the 1970s, six randomized trials were carried out to evaluate lung cancer screening in the U.S. and Europe. These studies did not contribute to decrease death rate. They concluded there is no evidence to recommend against lung cancer screening. On the other hand, in Japan, several trials by case-control study demonstrated that chest x-ray screening is associated with earlier detection and improved survival. The conclusions are controversial in two studies. Further investigation will be needed to define the benefit of cancer screening.
|Number of pages
|Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine
|Published - May 2000
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- General Medicine

domain: medical


text: Includes three adapted textbooks with an Instructor’s Guide. This complete science curriculum is for students, grades 6–12, who read at a 2nd-grade level or below. The text is augmented with Boardmaker® symbols and written in simplified language to provide easy access to standards-based content. Quizzes are heavily illustrated and embedded in the lessons. The Instructor’s Guide provides learning objectives, links to expand content, and downloadable PDF files of the textbooks with a Classroom License for printouts. The Introductory Kit includes three textbooks (at left) and an Instructor’s Guide. The Classroom Kit includes eight of each textbook plus one Instructor’s Guide.

domain: library


text:
This is a wooden portafilter handle only.
It has an M10 screw thread suitable for connecting to many standard metal portafilters, including the ones that we sell here.
These handles are NOT suitable for the Gaggia OEM standard or bottomless portafilters.
As a natural wood product, the tone / grain and lightness or darkness of finish can vary.
Be the first to review this product.

domain: hobby


text:
UNITED NATIONS (AP) — More than 60 organizations urged the U.N. General Assembly on Thursday to establish an investigative body to gather and preserve evidence of serious human rights violations during Yemen’s seven-year conflict, including possible war crimes and crimes against humanity.
The organizations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, said the matter is urgent, particularly after the U.N. Human Rights Council voted in October to shut down its investigation into atrocities in Yemen. The Group of Eminent Experts had reported that potential war crimes have been committed by all sides. The Geneva-based council’s vote was a stinging defeat for Western nations and a victory for Russia, China, Bahrain and other countries.
Yemen has been convulsed by civil war since 2014, when Iran-backed Houthi rebels took control of the capital, Sanaa, and much of the northern part of the country. That forced the internationally recognized government to flee to the south, then to Saudi Arabia.
A Saudi-led coalition entered the war in March 2015, backed by the United States, to try to restore President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi to power. Despite a relentless air campaign and ground fighting, the war has deteriorated largely into a stalemate and has spawned the world’s worst humanitarian crisis.
The more than 60 organizations said the Human Rights Council vote in October was the result of an aggressive lobbying campaign by Saudi Arabia, backed by the United Arab Emirates, a key coalition partner, and other allies.
“The international community cannot stand by and allow that vote to be the last word on accountability efforts for abuses and war crimes in Yemen,” the organizations said.
Amnesty International’s Secretary-General Agnès Callamard told a virtual press conference that parties to the conflict, including the Saudis and Houthis, “have committed atrocities with impunity, and there is seemingly no end in sight for this war.” That’s why, she said, “we have to act now.”
Every day, Callamard said, more people are being harmed and killed and the General Assembly “could save millions of lives” by taking action.
In their joint statement to the General Assembly’s 193 member nations, the rights groups and other organizations said the suffering inflicted on Yemeni civilians demands an investigative body “address impunity in the ongoing conflict and send a clear warning to perpetrators on all sides that they will be held accountable for war crimes and other serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law.”
U.N. members should approve an investigative “mechanism” to demonstrate to the Yemeni people that the United Nations will not turn a blind eye to their suffering and that they support international accountability for crimes and abuses committed in Yemen, the statement said.
Human Rights Watch Executive Director Kenneth Roth said the organizations will be going to capitals “to explain that, in light of the Saudi arm-twisting that killed the investigation by the U.N. Human Rights Council, the integrity of the U.N. human rights machinery, as well as many Yemeni lives, are at stake.”
“We are guardedly optimistic that we will have the votes in the General Assembly to create an investigative mechanism for Yemen,” Roth said. “So far, 45 governments have pronounced in favor, 34 against. Of the 114 that have abstained or have yet to take a position, we believe many of them can be persuaded to support an investigation for Yemen, much as they overwhelmingly supported an investigative mechanism for Syria in 2016.”
The General Assembly and the Security Council have previously taken similar action against widespread human rights abuses.
In December 2016, the assembly created an “International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism” to collect, preserve and analyze evidence and promote accountability for possible war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide committed by Islamic State extremists in Syria.
In September 2017, the Security Council established an investigative team to support Iraqi efforts to collect and preserve evidence of possible war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide committed by Islamic State extremists to be used in domestic courts or in investigations in third countries.
The Human Rights Council established a similar investigative mechanism for Myanmar following a military crackdown against Rohingya Muslims and allegations that government security forces committed mass rapes and killings and burned houses amounting to possible crimes against humanity and genocide. More than 700,000 Rohingya fled to neighboring Bangladesh.


text:
Senior Sous Chef
Global Talent 2020 are proudly working with one of the best Restaurant venues in Edinburgh. They are looking for a passionate Senior Sous Chef to assist in leading their Asian-inspired kitchen operation. You will assist in leading a dedicated large brigade and implementing fresh menus, in this fast-paced successful award-winning business. A great Kitchen environment awaits, as well as a fantastic dining experience for your customers to marvel at your skills and taste your creations.
Our UK-wide client at Global Talent 2020, is looking for a future kitchen leader. Someone who will help harness the talent of the brigade and provide memorable popular far eastern food experiences for its customer base.
Ideally, the Senior Sous Chef candidate must have had prior experience in producing fresh quality food, to a minimum standard of 1 rosette culinary level. You must possess experience in volume restaurants or similar environments. You will need to be highly approachable, as you will be interacting with other senior front-of-house department heads. You will be delivering innovative fresh Asian fusion and oriental-themed dishes in conjunction with the restaurant’s brand ethos and reputation for quality.
Our client requires an experienced Sous Chef, looking to step up into a Senior Sous Chef role, someone that is keen to train, coach, and mentor others. While assisting in evolving the venue’s food services, and food consistency values. You will help the Head Chef deliver with the team, memorable food experiences for the customers and further the reputation of the brand’s business in the marketplace. Asian food knowledge would be a benefit, but not a deal breaker, as long as you are comfortable delivering quality fresh produce.
As the Senior Sous Chef, you must also be someone that not only possesses strong all-around culinary skills but also is an effective manager of the kitchen environment. Experience in ordering processes, stock control measures, health, and safety, COSHH, RIDDOR, and training of others is crucial, as is the understanding of Food GP%, wastage, and cost.
You will be working with a multi-award winning UK-wide business, delivering fresh food creations to high consistent standards with an enthusiastic brigade. The client’s business is growing further throughout 2023. You will be utilising local fresh produce, have an excellent work/life balance 4-day week, and work in a quality appointed kitchen. Opportunities for a fantastic career path, and excellent remuneration package, with class-leading benefits and tronc.
Interested? Apply today, and let’s talk…..

domain: food


This is a guest post summarizing Paul Christiano’s proposed scheme for training machine learning systems that can be robustly aligned to complex and fuzzy values, which I call Iterated Distillation and Amplification (IDA) here. IDA is notably similar to AlphaGoZero and expert iteration.
The hope is that if we use IDA to train each learned component of an AI then the overall AI will remain aligned with the user’s interests while achieving state of the art performance at runtime — provided that any non-learned components such as search or logic are also built to preserve alignment and maintain runtime performance. This document gives a high-level outline of IDA.
Assume that we want to train a learner A to perform some complex fuzzy task, e.g. “Be a good personal assistant.” Assume that A is capable of learning to perform the task at a superhuman level — that is, if we could perfectly specify a “personal assistant” objective function and trained A to maximize it, then A would become a far better personal assistant than any human.
There is a spectrum of possibilities for how we might train A to do this task. On one end, there are techniques which allow the learner to discover powerful, novel policies that improve upon human capabilities:
However, it is difficult to specify a broad objective that captures everything we care about, so in practice A will be optimizing for some proxy that is not completely aligned with our interests. Even if this proxy objective is “almost” right, its optimum could be disastrous according to our true values.
On the other end, there are techniques that try to narrowly emulate human judgments:
Using these techniques, the risk of misalignment is reduced significantly (though not eliminated) by restricting agents to the range of known human behavior — but this introduces severe limitations on capability. This tradeoff between allowing for novel capabilities and reducing misalignment risk applies across different learning schemes (with imitation learning generally being narrowest and lowest risk) as well as within a single scheme.
The motivating problem that IDA attempts to solve: if we are only able to align agents that narrowly replicate human behavior, how can we build an AGI that is both aligned and ultimately much more capable than the best humans?
The core idea of Paul’s scheme is similar to AlphaGoZero (AGZ): We use a learned model many times as a subroutine in a more powerful decision-making process, and then re-train the model to imitate those better decisions.
AGZ’s policy network p is the learned model. At each iteration, AGZ selects moves by an expensive Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) which uses policy pas its prior; p is then trained to directly predict the distribution of moves that MCTS ultimately settles on. In the next iteration, MCTS is run using the new more accurate p, and p is trained to predict the eventual outcome of that process, and so on. After enough iterations, a fixed point is reached — p is unable to learn how running MCTS will change its current probabilities.
MCTS is an amplification of p — it uses p as a subroutine in a larger process that ultimately makes better moves than p alone could. In turn, p is a distillation of MCTS: it learns to directly guess the results of running MCTS, achieving comparable performance while short-cutting the expensive computation. The idea of IDA is to use the basic iterated distillation and amplification procedure in a much more general domain.
IDA involves repeatedly improving a learned model through an amplification and distillation process over multiple iterations.
In AGZ, the amplification procedure is Monte Carlo Tree Search — it’s a simple and well-understood algorithm, and there’s a clear mechanism for how it improves on the policy network’s original choices (it traverses the game tree more deeply). But in IDA, amplification is not necessarily a fixed algorithm that can be written down once and repeatedly applied; it’s an interactive process directed by human decisions.
In most domains, humans are capable of improving their native capabilities by delegating to assistants (e.g. because CEOs can delegate tasks to a large team, they can produce orders of magnitude more output per day than they could on their own). This means if our learning procedure can create an adequate helper for the human, the human can use the AI to amplify their ability — this human/AI system may be capable of doing things that the human couldn’t manage on their own.
Below I consider the example of using IDA to build a superhuman personal assistant. Let A[t] to refer to the state of the learned model after the end of iteration t; the initial agent A is trained by a human overseer H.
H trains A using a technique from the narrow end of the spectrum, such as imitation learning. Here we are imagining a much more powerful version of “imitation learning” than current systems are actually capable of — we assume that A can acquire nearly human-level capabilities through this process. That is, the trained A model executes all the tasks of a personal assistant as H would (including comprehending English instructions, writing emails, putting together a meeting schedule, etc).
Even though A cannot discover any novel capabilities, it has two key advantages over H: it can run much faster, and many copies or versions of it can be run at once. We hope to leverage these advantages to construct a larger system — involving H and many copies of A — that will substantially improve on H’s capabilities while preserving alignment with H’s values.
H can use calls to A (along with other tools such as external memory) to become a better personal assistant. For example, H could assign one copy of A to figuring out the best time to schedule the client’s recurring team meetings, another copy to figure out what to order the client for lunch, another copy to balance the client’s personal budget, etc. H now has the ability to get very quick solutions to sub-problems that are roughly as good as the ones H would have come up with on their own over a longer time period, and can combine these results to make much better decisions than an unaided human.
Let Amplify(H, A) refer to the larger system of H + many copies of A + aids. Compared to A alone, the Amplify(H, A) system has much higher time and resource costs but its eventual decisions are much better. Moreover, because in each of its individual decisions each copy of A continues to act just as a human personal assistant would act, we can hope that Amplify(H, A) preserves alignment.
In the next iteration of training, the Amplify(H, A) system takes over the role of H as the overseer. A is trained with narrow and safe techniques to quickly reproduce the results of Amplify(H, A). Because we assumed Amplify(H, A) was aligned, we can hope that A is also aligned if it is trained using sufficiently narrow techniques which introduce no new behaviors. A is then used in Amplify(H, A), which serves as an overseer to train A, and so on.
def IDA(H): A <- random initialization repeat: A <- Distill(Amplify(H, A))def Distill(overseer): """ Returns an AI trained using narrow, robust techniques to perform a task that the overseer already understands how to perform. """def Amplify(human, AI): """ Interactive process in which human uses many calls to AI to improve on human's native performance at relevant task(s). """
The IDA scheme is a template with “slots” for Amplify and Distill procedures that have not been fully specified yet — in fact, they rely on capabilities we don’t yet have. Because IDA itself is not fully specified, it’s not clear what minimal set of properties are necessary for it to succeed.
That said, here are some general properties which seem necessary — though likely not sufficient — for IDA agents to achieve robust alignment and high capability:
The non-profit Ought is working on gathering more evidence about assumptions 2 and 3.
Paul aims for IDA agents to be competitive with traditional RL agents in time and resource costs at runtime — this is a reasonable expectation because an IDA agent is ultimately just another learned model whose weights were tuned with an unusual training procedure.
Resource and time cost during training is a more open question; I haven’t explored the assumptions that would have to hold for the IDA training process to be practically feasible or resource-competitive with other AI projects.
This was originally posted here.
AGZ’s policy network p is the learned model.
I found this bit slightly confusing. As far as I understand from the AGZ Nature paper, AGZ does not have a separate policy network p, but uses a single network fθ which outputs both the learned policy p and the estimated probability v that the current player will win the game. Is this what the sentence is referring to?
Yes, AGZ uses the same network for policy and value function.
When A[n+1] is supposed to imitate the output of (H, A[n]), I think IDA is safe, because I think imitation is safe. (If A is a rock and (H, A[n]) is a group of one human and two A[n]'s, then A[n] is basically imitating a group of 2n−1 humans). If (H, A[n]) is supposed to provide a reward signal to A[n+1], which A[n+1] tries to optimize, I think this version of IDA is unsafe, for reasons similar to what Wei Dai expressed in a comment (on a post I now can't find) taking issue with the inductive step in the original argument. Can we standardize different names for these two designs? Unless, is the latter version deprecated?
Narrow reinforcement learning: As A takes actions in the world, we give it a dense reward signal based on how reasonable we judge its choices are (perhaps we directly reward state-action pairs themselves rather than outcomes in the world, as in TAMER). A optimizes for the expected sum of its future rewards.
Wouldn't it try to bring about states in which some action is particularly reasonable? Like the villain from that story who brings about a public threat in order to be seen defeating it.
Potentially, it depends on the time horizon and on how the rewards are calculated.
The most natural reward for the state transition (s0, s1) is just V(s1) - V(s0) (where V is some intuitive "human value function," i.e. ask a human "how good does state s seem?"). This reward function wouldn't have that problem.
Maximizing the sum of the difference of state value just maximizes state value again, which the point of narrow reinforcement learning was to get away from.
The goal of narrow reinforcement learning is to get something-like-human-level behavior using human-level oversight. Optimizing the human value function over short time horizons seems like a fine approach to me.
The difference with broad reinforcement learning is that you aren't trying to evaluate actions you can't understand by looking at the consequences you can observe.


text:
South Florida's Hot Housing Market continue to Cool Down
by Sep Niakan | August 15, 2014
Home prices in South Florida are still increasing year-over-year. However, the rate of increase is slowing down every month according to Standard & Poor’s Case-Shiller index.
The Case-Shiller index for Broward county, Palm Beach county, and Miami-Dade county have surged 14.7% between April 2013 and April 2014. However, the year-over-year increase in March was 16.2%.
Case-Shiller tracks the value of similar homes over time in 20 metropolitan areas. According to the Sun-Sentinel, Boston was the only metro area that increased year-over-year in April.
The latest index agrees with reports from South Florida real estate groups, which report that year-over-year home price gains are slowing.
Broward County’s median price in May for existing homes was $280,000, 10% up from last year. Palm Beach County's the median price was $281,900, or 7% up from May 2013. Both counties have seen price increases of over 20% since last year.
Photo credit: Fourt Lauderdale - waterfrontlife.com,
by Sep Niakan | November 29, 2016
This is a story of how one Miami condo dweller (that's me, Sep Niakan) gave up his car at the end of his lease and gained freedom (and $$) in its place. If you have been thinking of getting rid of your car or know someone who is, read...
by Sep Niakan | November 24, 2016
Lending, specifically FHA lending, is inching forward in favor of Miami Condos. Before President Trump pulls out any game-changers, I thought it would be the right time to reflect on a Bill passed into law by President Obama this August. The...
by Sep Niakan | November 22, 2016
It’s been almost a year since BrickellHouse’s robotic parking garage blunder, and I’ve been thinking about what this means for the automated parking business in Miami condos. In brief, Boomerang Systems (the robotic garage...
by Sep Niakan | October 31, 2016
From a humble 9-to-5 district to after-dark playground for the it-crowd, Downtown Miami has had quite a turnaround in the past decade or so. According to the latest Miami Downtown Development Authority report, there are now 88,540 residents in...

domain: finance


# All the major search engines returned risky sites in their search results for popular keywords.
# Overall, MSN search results had the lowest percentage (3.9%) of dangerous sites while Ask search results had the highest percentage (6.1%). Google was in between (5.3%).
# Sponsored results contained two to four times as many dangerous sites as organic results.
SiteAdvisor has a plugin for IE and Firefox. I hope you are not still using IE though …
Scandoo is a wrapper for all the major search engines, grading results using a traffic light system so green means the site is considered safe.
CR comes up green in SiteAdvisor and Unknown in Scandoo. I submitted CR to Scandoo but arkwardly they didn’t have a weblog category so had to submit it as Leisure/Entertainment.
Despite poor categories Scandoo could be a good start page for the less computer literate, I’m going to use both systems on my Firefox install and see how it goes.


Congress Street Bridge Demolition Begins This Week
BRIDGEPORT, CT (March 8, 2010) – Mayor Bill Finch and Congressman Jim Himes gathered with City Council members, state legislators, and community leaders today on the east side of the Congress Street Bridge to announce that the bridge demolition will be underway this week. The first phase of the demolition project will involve tearing down the upright leaves of the dysfunctional Congress Street Bridge, which formerly connected downtown Bridgeport with the East Side.
“My administration has made the demolition and replacement of the Congress Street Bridge a top priority, the deconstruction of the steel leaves is a crucial first step towards that goal” said Mayor Bill Finch, as he stood alongside Congressman Jim Himes; State Representatives Andres Ayala, Don Clemons, and Ezequiel Santiago; and City Council members Manny Ayala, Lydia Martinez, Angel Depara, and Denise Taylor-Moye. “For the past 12 years, the condition of this bridge has been visible evidence of how cities like Bridgeport were shortchanged in this country. Now, thanks to the efforts of President Obama, Congressman Jim Himes, and the dedication of my administration and the community activists gathered here today, we are finally taking the first step toward connecting the East Side with downtown once again.”
“For too long, the Congress Street Bridge has been an ugly reminder of urban decay, and the isolation of once vibrant neighborhoods,” said Congressman Jim Himes. “Today marks an important first step in reuniting a re-emerging city.”
The Congress Street Bridge is being demolished with more than 2 million dollars in federal funding, obtained through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the Comprehensive Appropriations Act of 2009, and a Community Development Block Grant. Mayor Bill Finch and Congressman Jim Himes secured the funding for the demolition last year.
Construction of a new bridge is estimated to cost approximately $60 million dollars. Mayor Finch has been actively working with Congressman Himes, Transportation Committee Chair, Congressman James Oberstar, and the Obama administration to secure $50 million dollars in federal funding. An additional $10 million dollars has been approved by the Connecticut State Legislature and is awaiting approval from the Governor to be added to the bond commission.


text:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of (Pro Seal) sealant in preventing enamel decalcification in-vivo and compare its effect with fluoride varnish and unfilled sealant using atomic force microscopy.
Materials and Methods:
Eight orthodontic patients who were candidates for extraction of all first premolars for orthodontic treatment were recruited to this study. Thirty two premolars (upper and lower) were randomly divided into four groups (n=8) for each group, 4 maxillary and 4 mandibular); Control (no -treatment); Fluoride varnish, Unfilled sealant (Light Bond) and filled sealant (Pro-Seal). After two months the brackets were debonded and the teeth were extracted and prepared for Atomic force microscopic scanning. Each sample was scanned twice at two different scan areas 50 and 10µm at the buccal cervical third of the crown. Images were recorded with slow scan rate and resolution and the mean roughness height and total surface area were calculated for each scan area. Comparison between groups was performed using one way analysis of variance test with level of significance was set to be 0.05.
Pro Seal treated samples show the lowest roughness height and total surface area.
Pro Seal was the most effective prophylaxis technique in preventing enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment.
Keywords: Orthodontic bonding, atomic force microscopy, enamel surface roughness.
Enamel demineralization is an undesirable outcome of orthodontic fixed appliance therapy, especially in patients with poor oral hygiene. This lesion can jeopardize the esthetic benefits of orthodontic therapy . Placing of fixed orthodontic appliance alters the oral environment, causing both quantitative and qualitative changes in dental plaque . Enamel demineralization adjacent to bonded orthodontic brackets might be partly due to the rough, retentive and decalcified surface of enamel produced by acid etching and lack of sealant . Demineralization has been reported as much as 50% of teeth treated with brackets and in up to 50% of orthodontic patients [4-6].
To optimize results of orthodontic treatment, decalcification prophylaxis is particularly important during active orthodontic mechanotherapy . Many proposed strategies are similar to measures of general caries prevention, such as patient motivation, nutritional counseling, plaque staining, professional tooth cleaning , chlorhexidine use  and fluoridation [10, 11]. Enamel demineralization has been demonstrated in vivo around orthodontic brackets after only 1 month . It is widely accepted that fluoride exerts its anticariogenic properties by the formation of fluoroapatite in the outer enamel surface that has low solubility in acid environment . Reports suggest that topical fluoride applications in the form of toothpastes, [11, 13] gels,  rinses, [5, 11, 13, 15] and fluoride varnishes  might reduce or eliminate decalcification during fixed orthodontic treatment. However, the effectiveness of these products is directly related to the patient’s compliance, resulting in only limited benefit [14, 17].
New materials have been introduced to orthodontists that protect the susceptible area adjacent to bonded orthodontic attachment, and require no patient compliance. One approach is to use glass ionomer cement for band cementation and bonding orthodontic brackets [18, 19]. Another promising material is fluoride releasing resin [20, 22]. However, there is a need for improvement in both glass ionomers and fluoride releasing resins before these products will gain wide acceptance in orthodontic bonding [23-26].
Application of resin sealant on the enamel surface around and beneath the orthodontic bracket was thought to provide several benefits such as increased bond strength, sealing of etched enamel, and protection against demineralization around orthodontic brackets [27,28]. The chemically cured sealants do not effectively seal smooth enamel surface, because of oxygen inhibition of polymerization [29-31]. On the other hand, light-cured sealants have been proven to cure completely on smooth enamel surfaces and prevent enamel demineralization effectively in-vitro [31, 32]. However, in-vivo studies demonstrated that the light-cured unfilled resin could not provide more protection than the chemically cured sealant, as wearing off or breaks in the sealant layer might result in decalcification .
Pro Seal, a new highly filled light-cured resin, can be considered for use as a preventive method to reduce enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic attachments, particularly in patients who exhibit poor compliance with oral hygiene and home fluoride use. It was claimed, by the manufacturer, to protect enamel surface and withstand mechanical (tooth brushing) and chemical (acid attack) wearing . Pro Seal was not supposed to have a negative influence on shear-peel bond strength in vitro. Previous evaluation showed no significant change in shear-peel bond strength either when Pro Seal was used in addition, or when that fluoride-releasing, light-curing sealant was substituted for the bonding agent [34, 35].
The initial stage in enamel dissolution involves demineralization of the outer few micrometers of tissue due to penetration of acids, leading to loss of calcium and phosphate, which results in softening of the structure . Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is considered an ideal method for biological imaging, since specimens do not need to be dehydrated, fixed stained or coated . Moreover, it has an advantage over other ultra high vacuum measuring equipments as the specimen is imaged in its hydrated state in open air condition at room temperature. Thus enamel is not subjected to dehydration and high pressure difference that could affect topographical features. The principle of surface area calculation by AFM depends on the acquisition of 3-D topographical surface data taking in consideration the variation in surface height in Z- direction .
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Pro seal in preventing decalcification in vivo using AFM and compare its effect with fluoride varnish and unfilled sealant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eight female patients (13-15 years) from the postgraduate orthodontic clinic at Tanta University with class I Angle malocclusion were recruited for the present study. All patients received full bonded straight wire system (American Orthodontics, USA). All patients and parents consented to participate in this study and all work was in compliance with ethics regulation at Tanta University. All patients required extraction of their four first premolars for orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance. The premolars were free from cracks, caries or filling and have a sufficient clinical crown length to allow bracket placement at the standardized position. The patients were provided with oral hygiene instructions.
In each patient, the four first premolars were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: control (No treatment); fluoride varnish; filled sealant and unfilled sealant. This distribution allows the same environment for all the tested teeth, so we had four subgroups each contained 8 premolars (4 maxillary and 4 mandibular), study design illustrated in Fig. (1).
The enamel surfaces of all teeth were polished with pumice for 10 seconds, rinsed with water and dried with compressed oil-free stream, and the different materials were applied as follow:
Control (Untreated Group)
The enamel surface was etched for 30 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid gel at 4mm gingival from the buccal cusp tip and centered along the long axis of the tooth, rinsed with water for 30 seconds, and air dried thoroughly. The standard edgewise brackets were bonded with chemically cured unfilled resin (Rely -a- Bond, No mix technique (Reliance Orthodontic products-Inc. Itasca, IL, USA) according to the manufacturer instruction.
Fluoride Varnish Group
After bracket bonding (the same steps as in the non-treated group), the teeth were air dried and fluoride varnish (Duraflor, 3M, Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) was applied in a thin layer with a bonding brush on the buccal surfaces surrounding the brackets and allowed to dry for 5 minutes. The patients were instructed to refrain from tooth brushing until the next morning after the application.
Unfilled Sealant Group
The whole buccal surface was etched for 30 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid gel, rinsed with water for 30 seconds and air dried, the brackets were bonded. An unfilled, light-cured sealant (Light Bond Sealant, Reliance, Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA) was applied in a thin, uniform layer on the etched enamel around the brackets with a brush and then light cured with a curing light (Cromalux E, 330 v - 50/60hz, Germany) for 20 seconds.
Filled Sealant Group
After etching and bracket bonding, (the same as in the unfilled group), a filled light-cured sealant (Pro-seal) was applied in a thin uniform layer on the etched enamel with brush around the brackets, and then light cured with the curing light for 20 seconds.
After 2 months, the brackets were debonded and the premolars were extracted. Debonding protocol included a non-traumatic technique to the enamel of the involved teeth using Debracketing Instrument (3M Uniteck, Monrovia, California, USA). This was performed to ensure that no possible enamel micro-fracture around the bracket bases may occur. All premolars were coded by an independent investigator. Codes were decoded after final AFM analysis and only at the time of statistical analysis. The roots and lingual parts of the crowns were cut off with a diamond disk on low-speed without contamination on the buccal surfaces, rinsed with distilled water and stored in non-ionized water at 4C°.
The samples were rinsed ultrasonically in non-ionized water for 10 minutes excess water was removed gently with absorbing paper. Each specimen was mounted on the microscope stub to be imaged at room temperature in an open air condition in its hydrated state.
Tapping mode measurements were performed with an Atomic force microscope (AFM) (Auto probe CP-researcher, Thermo-microscope, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) in the National Institute for Standards (NIS), Cairo, Egypt. Each sample was scanned at two different scan areas (50 µm and 10µm) at the cervical third of the crown. We used the cervical third of the crown (around the bracket base) which is the area less likely to be cleaned by patients. Images were recorded with slow scan rate and resolution of 512x512 pixels per image. The collected 3-D topographical data were analyzed using data analysis soft ware (SPM lab NT ver.5.01). The mean roughness height (RH) and the total surface area (SA) were measured for each scanned area, and numerical data were presented as means and standard deviations.
Statistical Analysis: Difference between groups was performed using one way analysis of variance and Post Hoc LSD test was used to analyze the data. Level of significance (α) was set at 0.05.
Examination of AFM images and the numerical data revealed no significant difference between the samples within the same group with reference to location (maxillary and mandibular).
AFM tapping mode images of 50x50 µm scanned area revealed that the enamel surface presented narrow grooves and flattened perikymata ridges with cracks and destructed areas in the surface (Fig. 2). The 3-D image showed high surface irregularity and focal deep areas corresponding to the cracks seen in the 2-D image (Fig. 3). The enamel surface presented an obvious defective crystal arrangement with wide inter-crystalline spaces (Fig. 4).
Fluoride Varnish Group
The enamel surface presented wide perikymata grooves, non obvious perikymata ridges (Fig. 5) and highly rough enamel surface in the 3-D image (Fig. 6). The images of 10x10 µm scan area revealed tightly packed crystals with focal destruction areas (Fig. 7).
Unfilled Sealant Group
The enamel surface showed moderately wide but shallow perikymata grooves and localized areas of destruction in the enamel surface (Fig. 8). The surface appeared with moderate roughness in the 3-D image (Fig. 9). Tightly packed enamel crystals with no evidence of focal holes was detected in 10x10 µm image (Fig. 10).
Filled Sealant (Pro Seal) Group
The enamel surface showed perikymata grooves as wave-like parallel rings and obvious perikymata ridges. The enamel surface exhibited localized depressions (focal holes) with no evidence of rod ends (Fig. 11). The 3-D image revealed relatively smooth enamel surface (Fig. 12). Images of 10x10µm revealed the presence of conical depression (focal holes) surrounded by tightly arranged crystals (Fig. 13).
The means and standard deviations of the roughness height (RH) and total surface area (SA) of the scanned areas were represented in Table 1 and Figs. (14, 15). One way ANOVA test revealed that RH and SA in the untreated group were significantly higher than other groups while the Pro Seal group showed the smallest values mean. There were significant differences (p<0.001) between three treatment groups and the untreated group concerning RH & SA (Tables 2-5).
Mean and SD. of Roughness Height and Total Surface Area in all Groups
569.7 ± 2.3
2886.6 ± 9.20
370.54 ± 2.19
2577.2 ± 5.3
330.28 ± 1.62
2561.2 ± 8.07
307.24 ± 2.58
1-Way ANOVA of Roughness Average (Ra) Variance Between and within the Tested Groups: Ra (µm)
Sum of Squares
Multiple Comparisons Using Post Hoc LSD Test: Dependent Variable: Ra (µm)
Mean Difference (I-J)
1-Wat Anovaanalysis of (SA) Variance Between and within the Tested Groups: Sa (µm2)
Sum of Squares
Multiple Comparisons Using Post Hoc LSD Test: Dependent Variable: SA (µm2)
Mean Difference (I-J)
The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Since orthodontic bonding technique involves initial enamel etching to provide micromechanical irregularities to enhance bonding, it is important to understand potential decalcification around orthodontic brackets with or without using prophylactic materials. AFM was used in the current study for characterization of surface structures of enamel because it is very sensitive to the initial phases of enamel dissolution even when the dissolution occurs at very low rate. The characterization of surface structures by tapping mode images of the present study revealed that Pro Seal treated enamel samples are typical to that of normal human enamel. The focal holes that were seen at the enamel surface would be due to loss of enamel caps as a result of physiological wear of enamel surface due to function as described by Barkovitz et al. .
Our experiment showed that Pro Seal group had the least values of RH & SA among all the groups. This may suggest that adding filler particles into the sealant may improve and increase the thin layer being retained throughout treatment, and offer adequate resistance against wear in vivo. The smooth enamel surface with intact surface details, (perikymata ridges and focal holes), denoted that Pro Seal could have provided protection to the enamel from acid penetration and preserve crystal organization, which is in agreement with that described by Farimo et al. , and Schaad et al. , in normal condition. Also the shape of the crystal was typical to that described by Kikham et al. . They reported that enamel proteins appeared to adopt the form of spheres approximately 30 to 50µm. in diameter closely resemble previously reported nanosphere structure in vitro  and in vivo . The obtained results are in agreement with Hu et al. . They evaluated the third molar teeth quantitatively by cross sectional micro hardness testing and reported that, Pro Seal offers adequate resistance against wear during tooth brushing and essentially complete protection against decalcification in vitro. Also Chain et al. , found that Pro Seal exhibited statistically significant reduction in carious lesion initiation and progression in vitro.
The unfilled sealant group showed more protection to the enamel surface than varnish and control groups, as indicated from the mean values of RH and SA. The moderately wide and shallow perikymata grooves with moderate surface roughness were presented in 2D and 3-D images, denoted that there was a loss of the outer few micrometers of enamel surface due to softening of enamel, resulting in localized areas of destruction which was less than that observed in varnish and control groups. This result was different from that obtained by some previous studies [3, 46, 47] which demonstrated that the demineralization lesion formed in unfilled sealant group was not different from the lesions in the control groups, due to etched enamel underneath the sealant being exposed to the acid attack.
On the other hand, the results of the present study are in accordance with the findings of Ceen and Gwinnelt , Joseph et al. , Frazior et al. . They reported that the protection afforded to the enamel did not just relay on retention of the superficial unfilled resin coverage. The enamel surface proved to be resistant to carious attack as long as the resin tags were present, which have been shown to extend from 80 to 170µm into the enamel surface, even after mechanical removal of the sealant.
The present study revealed that the varnish group presented a more destructed enamel surface. Widening and deepening of the perikymata grooves together with cracks that were detected in the enamel surface could be due to dissolution of the organic phase, which is more pronounced in control group . This is in accordance with previous reports, that the relative mineral loss of demineralizing lesion in the fluoride varnish group was 30% less than the control. The varnish was suggested to slow down the progress of demineralization but did not completely inhibit the enamel lesions. A high bacterial challenge cannot be completely overcome by fluoride varnish .
Finally, high surface irregularity, defective crystal arrangement and wide inter-crystalline spaces were reported in the current study in the control group, reflecting dissolution of crystals and the organic phase  in addition to demineralization of enamel in orthodontic patients without enamel protection.
Within the limitation of the study the following conclusions can be drawn:
The use of varnish, unfilled sealant and Pro Seal in orthodontic patients with brackets resulted in a significantly lower mean roughness height and total surface area with no signs of surface demineralization or loss of surface details.
There was no significant difference between the three groups (Varnish, unfilled sealant and Pro Seal) groups regarding roughness height, however, roughness surface area was lower in Pro Seal than those of Varnish and unfilled sealant groups.
Pro Seal may be considered as an efficient preventive method in reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets.
CONFLICT OF INTREST
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Chilly Willy's best cartoons were perfect examples of how a potentially one-joke character and concept could end up actually being a perfect mix of the cute and the funny with a lot of colour and good comic timing to go with it.
As far as the Sid Marcus-directed Chilly Willy cartoons go, there are better ones such as 'Fractured Friendship' and especially 'Half Baked Alaska' (the latter being one of the most well-known Chilly Willy for a reason). There are also worse ones like 'Salmon Loafer' and in particular 'Pesky Pelican'. Chilly (the best Chilly Willy cartoon to me is 'The Legend of Rockabye Point') and Smedley have certainly done better than 'Pesty Guest', but the two are great characters and are always watchable together.
'Pesty Guest' is light on plot, and anybody has seen any other Chilly and Smedley cartoon where the main conflict is Smedley trying to stop Chilly from disturbing characters who don't want to be disturbed will find themselves a step or two ahead of the cartoon the whole time. It's that predictable and some of the action is repetitive.
The hunter character is bland even for a character not in it so much, and an explanation could have been provided for Chilly being out in the desert, a very different habitat and one where it doesn't make sense for him to be in. He has changed habitats before but those respective cartoons provided reasons. Some of the animation again is a little rushed looking.
However, the colours are bright and colourful and the backgrounds very simple but handsome enough. One just wishes that the drawing was better. Walter Greene's music is lively and rousingly, cleverly and beautifully orchestrated and fits very well if not quite enhancing the action. Love the opening title credits music.
All the gags are rarely less than amusing and beautifully timed, revolving around Chilly's efforts to disturb the hunter and how it backfires all the time on poor Smedley. The chemistry between Chilly and Smedley sparkles, and it is always remarkable at what Chilly has up his sleeve and how he does it, even when sleep deprived. Underneath all that irresistible cuteness he is one clever, funny and at times fairly brutal penguin.
Chilly is adorable and is also a lot of fun, with his actions speaking far louder than words. He may be a nuisance to his opponents but he wins the viewer over with his cuteness and timing. Smedley shows perfectly why he and Chilly Willy work so well together, and is marvellously voiced by Daws Butler in southern drawl Huckleberry Hound mode. Oh and the ending is very sweet.
In conclusion, not great but cute and fun. 6/10 Bethany Cox
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domain: artistic


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(The Return Of The King 2003) Power can be held in the smallest of things. 11x17 Color movie poster reproduction from 'The Lord of the Rings: The Return Of The King', signed In Person by Billy Boyd and Elijah Wood.
, SKU: 0001081031
High Bid: $60.00
# Bids: 1
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History does not include multiple bids by the same bidder.


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(Jazz coach Quin) Snyder was asked after Saturday’s shootaround — hours before (Dante) Exum started for the second time for (George) Hill (big toe injury) — if his Aussie guard has been discouraged.
“I don’t know why he would be,” the Jazz coach said.
“If you don’t have adversity, it’s hard to have the impetus to improve,” Snyder said.
Source: Jody Genessy of the Deseret News
Have something to add to this story? Share it in the comments.

domain: sports


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Beginning March 1, New Community Corporation will offer employees a new 401(k) retirement savings plan with an employer match up to 3 percent of the employee’s salary. This marks the first time NCC employees have been offered a plan with the organization providing matching funds.
“This is a tremendous forward movement for us and it’s something that we had wanted to do for quite some time,” said New Community Board Chairman Dr. A. Zachary Yamba. “We hope it will be very beneficial to the employees because we value their work. We value their connection to NCC.”
New Community CEO Richard Rohrman said the new plan provides an additional benefit to employees and shows that the organization values their work.
“The employees who interact with and work with our clients are who power NCC forward as we gain momentum for our next 50 years. Our mission has to be demonstrated by how we treat them. The 401(k) plan with a match from NCC has been a goal of mine for some time and fully supported by our Board,” Rohrman said. “It’s the icing on the benefits plan. Medical coverage, vacation time, sick time, personal time, substantial minimum wage increases and now the 401(k) match represent an investment in our workforce that will translate into the delivery of quality services by a workforce that is being treated with dignity and appreciation.”
The 401(k) plan will be administered through the Employers Association of New Jersey (EANJ) and managed by Benefit Consultants Group (BCG). Employees are eligible to participate in the plan after one year of employment with New Community.
The goal of the plan is to help employees save more for their retirement by offering them the benefit of an employer match.
“The trick is to save early and save as much as you can,” Rohrman said.


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Austrian Airlines announced on Wednesday that direct flights from Vienna to the northern Greek city of Kavala and the island of Samos will begin in 2020.
The announcement was made at a special event in Vienna co-organized by my Austrian Holidays, Austrian Airlines, and the Greek National Tourism Organization in Austria, where it was highlighted that the new routes bring the total number of direct flights between Vienna and Greece to sixteen.
Notably, there are currently no other low-cost direct flights connecting Vienna to either Kavala or Samos, despite the fact that Greece remains a popular vacation destination for the 400,000 Austrian tourists, who visit the country each year.
According to data published by the Austrian newspaper Kronen Zeitung, holiday bookings by Austrians for 2020 increased by 10% in 2019, following a 21% increase in 2018. (up from 2017 figures).
The new Austrian Airlines flights will begin in May 2020, with the Vienna-Kavala flight flying on Fridays, beginning May 20, 2020, and the Vienna-Samos flight flying on Tuesdays, beginning May 26, 2020.

domain: travel


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Nashville health department reports Tennessee's first coronavirus death
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a pandemic. Reported illnesses range from very mild to severe, including death. Agencies anticipate widespread transmission will occur in the U.S. in coming months and recommend social distancing among other measures to slow the spread. Call your doctor and stay home if you are sick. Get more information at CDC.gov/coronavirus or contact the Tennessee Department of Health coronavirus information line at 877-857-2945 from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. CT daily.
Metro Public Health Department officials notified the public Friday of the first reported COVID-19 death of a Davidson County resident, which marks the first one in the state.
Officials said the individual was a 73-year old man with underlying health conditions who died due to complications from the coronavirus.
"This is a tragic loss of life, and we extend our heartfelt condolences with the family," Mayor John Cooper said. "Even though the majority of people diagnosed with COVID-19 have experienced mild symptoms, we know that the virus can be life-threatening, and we need everyone to take steps to protect themselves and each other."
On March 5, Gov. Bill Lee announced that a Williamson County man had tested positive for the virus, making it the first case in Tennessee. More than 100 other cases were reported in the state in the ensuing weeks, with the majority centered in the Nashville Metro area.
The number of confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus in Tennessee continued to climb on Friday as testing increased in the state and around the country.
There were at least 228 people in Tennessee believed to be infected with coronavirus as of Friday, up from 154 on Thursday.

domain: health


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Are you a fan of the hit TV show “How I Met Your Mother”? Do you enjoy gathering with friends to share laughs, unforgettable moments, and a few drinks? If so, you’re in for a legendary treat! In this article, we’ll dive into the world of the “how i met your mother drinking game” – a captivating way to bring the show’s magic to life while creating lasting memories with your loved ones.
Before we delve into the game itself, let’s take a moment to appreciate the beloved sitcom. “How I Met Your Mother” follows the journey of Ted Mosby as he recounts the tale of how he met his children’s mother to his friends. With its clever storytelling, relatable characters, and hilarious situations, the show has become a fan favorite worldwide.
Now, imagine combining this addictive TV series with a drinking game. Drinking games have long been a popular pastime, adding an extra layer of excitement and camaraderie to social gatherings. They serve as a catalyst for fun, laughter, and friendly competition. The “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game” takes this concept to a whole new level, allowing fans of the show to immerse themselves in the world of Ted, Marshall, Lily, Barney, and Robin while sipping on their favorite beverages.
Stay tuned as we explore the rules, challenges, and safety measures associated with this legendary drinking game. Get ready to raise your glass and embark on an epic adventure filled with laughs, surprises, and unforgettable moments. So grab your friends, prepare your drinks, and let’s dive into the legendary world of the “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game”!
What is a “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game”?
The Concept of a Drinking Game
Before we dive into the specifics of the “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game,” let’s first understand the concept of a drinking game. Picture a game that combines the thrill of competition with the enjoyment of socializing and indulging in your favorite beverages. Drinking games are designed to make gatherings more entertaining by incorporating rules and challenges that involve taking sips or shots of alcohol in response to certain triggers or events.
Introducing the Legendary “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game”
Now, let’s turn our attention to the specific drinking game based on the beloved TV show “How I Met Your Mother.” This game is centered around the show’s iconic characters and memorable moments, allowing fans to relive the humor and excitement while adding a boozy twist to the experience.
In the “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game,” players take turns watching episodes of the show and following a set of rules that dictate when and how much they should drink. These rules are crafted to align with the show’s recurring themes, catchphrases, and unpredictable plot twists. As the episodes unfold, participants eagerly anticipate these triggers, adding an extra layer of enjoyment and anticipation to their viewing experience.
Whether it’s taking a sip every time Barney delivers one of his legendary catchphrases, finishing your drink when Ted mentions “the one,” or raising a toast to Marshall and Lily’s unwavering love, this drinking game brings the hilarious world of “How I Met Your Mother” to life in a whole new way.
Stay tuned as we delve deeper into the rules and challenges of the “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game” in the following sections. Get ready to embark on a legendary adventure filled with laughter, camaraderie, and perhaps a few delightful hangovers!
Rules of the Game
If you’re ready to embark on this legendary drinking game adventure, it’s important to familiarize yourself with the rules. Here’s a detailed explanation of how the “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game” works:
A. General Gameplay
Sip vs. Chug: Each player decides whether they want to take small sips or chug their drinks when prompted. Remember, it’s all about having fun, so choose a pace that suits you!
Episode Selection: Start by selecting an episode of “How I Met Your Mother” to watch. You can either choose a specific episode or let fate decide by spinning the legendary “Wheel of Episodes.”
B. Drinking Triggers
To make the game entertaining, certain scenarios in the show will act as triggers for drinking. Here’s a breakdown of some common drinking triggers:
1. Ted’s “Architect” Storyline
Drink every time Ted mentions being an architect or talks about his dream of designing buildings.
2. Barney’s Legendary Catchphrases
Drink whenever Barney says one of his legendary catchphrases like “Suit up!”, “Legendary!”, or “Challenge accepted!”
3. Marshall and Lily’s Relationship Moments
Drink when Marshall and Lily display their adorable quirks, such as their “Lily Pad” nicknames or their love for each other.
4. Robin’s Canadian References
Drink whenever Robin makes a reference to her Canadian roots or mentions something typically Canadian.
5. Slap Bet Shenanigans
Drink when the Slap Bet is mentioned, and prepare for the possibility of a slap occurring during the episode!
Remember, these are just a few examples, and you can customize the rules to include your favorite moments or characters from the show.
Now that you know the rules, it’s time to gather your friends, prepare your drinks, and get ready to immerse yourself in the world of “How I Met Your Mother” like never before. Cheers to unforgettable nights filled with laughter, camaraderie, and legendary adventures!
Popular Drinking Game Challenges
Are you ready to embrace the challenges and excitement of the “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game”? Let’s explore some of the most popular challenges and rules that will make your game night unforgettable.
1. Legendary Catchphrases and Running Gags
One of the highlights of the show is its memorable catchphrases and running gags. Take a sip whenever Barney suits up, Lily says “You son of a beetch,” or Marshall exclaims “Lawyered!” These recurring elements add an extra layer of fun to the game and keep the laughter flowing.
2. Relationship Shenanigans
“How I Met Your Mother” is filled with relationship drama and comedic moments. Whenever Ted goes on a hopeless romantic rant, take a drink. If Barney successfully executes one of his legendary plays, raise your glass. These challenges will have you engaged in the characters’ love lives while enjoying your favorite beverage.
3. Bro Code Violations
Barney Stinson’s Bro Code is an essential aspect of the show. Whenever a Bro Code violation occurs, take a shot to show your allegiance to the sacred code. Whether it’s an outrageous challenge or an unexpected twist, these moments will keep you on your toes and add an element of surprise to the game.
4. Legendary Drinking Moments
Let’s not forget the iconic drinking moments from the show itself. Toast alongside the gang at MacLaren’s Pub, or take a drink when the gang plays “Have You Met Ted?” These moments are not only humorous but also bring you closer to the characters’ experiences, making the game even more immersive.
With these popular challenges and rules, your “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game” is bound to be legendary. Remember to drink responsibly, stay hydrated, and know your limits. Cheers to an unforgettable night filled with laughter, friendship, and the magic of this beloved TV show!
Conclusion and Final Thoughts
In conclusion, the “How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game” offers fans of the show a legendary way to have fun and create unforgettable memories with friends. By combining the beloved sitcom with the excitement of a drinking game, you can dive into the world of Ted, Marshall, Lily, Barney, and Robin while enjoying your favorite beverages.
Throughout this article, we’ve explored the rules, challenges, and safety measures associated with the game. It’s important to remember that while this game brings entertainment and laughter, responsible drinking habits should always be prioritized. Make sure to drink in moderation, know your limits, and take care of yourself and your friends.
At Game Hoy, we believe in promoting a safe and enjoyable gaming experience. We encourage you to gather your friends, set the stage for an epic night, and embark on this adventure responsibly. Remember, the aim is to have a legendary time while cherishing the company of those around you.
So, what are you waiting for? Break out the drinks, queue up your favorite episodes of “How I Met Your Mother,” and let the games begin! Cheers to a night full of laughter, camaraderie, and legendary moments. Game Hoy is here to provide you with the ultimate entertainment experience.
Game Hoy: Where fun and excitement meet!
Conclusion: So above is the How I Met Your Mother Drinking Game: A Legendary Way to Have Fun! article. Hopefully with this article you can help you in life, always follow and read our good articles on the website: Game Hoy


Codebook design for limited feedback Spatial Multiplexing commonly relies on the assumption of i.i.d. Rayleigh fading. It is well known that realistic MIMO channels may exhibit large correlation and/or dominant components and that antennas could be dual-polarized. Hence there is much appeal to come up with design criteria that can cope with such a large distribution of propagation conditions. In this paper, efficient ways to design high-performance and low-complexity codebooks for limited feedback-based Spatial Multiplexing evolving in various environments are provided. In particular, new design criteria are derived for transmit correlated and dual-polarized scenarios. Some of the codebook structures derived in this paper are components of the codebooks accepted in 3GPP LTE. Simulation examples are provided to confirm the proposed criteria.


Husky Golfers In 23rd Place At NCAA Golf
May 27, 2003
Stillwater, OK ï¿½- The Washington men's golf team found itself in a familiarposition after the first day of play at the NCAA Championships at OklahomaState's Karsten Creek Golf Club. The Huskies shot 26-over 314 during thefirst 18 holes of the tournament to tie Arkansas for 23rd place.
Two weeks ago Washington opened the West Regional Championship with a20-over score of 308. The Huskies rebounded with back-to-back rounds of2-under 286 to tie for seventh at the event.
'We sort of laughed about it after the round and said, OeOkay, we're where weneed to be,'' said Husky coach Matt Thurmond. 'The reality is that we dugourselves a bit of a hole today, but a lot of teams had trouble on thiscourse today and that is going to continue this week. We've been in thesesort of situations and there isn't any panic. It is not the end of theworld. For some teams here, this type of scoring is something completelynew.'
Only four teams managed to break 300 during the first round. The hostCowboys are tied with Clemson, North Carolina State and Auburn for firstplace at 299. For Clemson, the nation's top-ranked team, it marked the firsttime this season the Tigers did not have at least one player shoot parduring the tournament. Southern California is in fifth place at 12-over 300.
UCLA, the West Regional champion, is eighth at 303. The Huskies are just 10strokes from ninth place.
Lee Williams of Auburn turned in the day's best score, posting a 3-under 69during the morning session. He was one of only four players to break par onthe day. Lamar's Chris Stroud and Augusta State's Oliver Wilson are tied forsecond at 2-under 70 while Texas Matthew Rosenfeld is fourth at 71.
The Huskies were led on the first day of play by senior John Robertson whoshot 3-over 75 to finish tied for 29th. Playing in the morning session,Robertson was 1-under after his first 13 holes before carding a triple bogieon the par four fifth hole.
'I felt like I played well except for the one triple,' Robertson said. 'Ihit the ball well and hit a lot of fairways and a lot of greens. There weresome things I did that, I realize I could have shot a better score, but atthe same time, this is a really hard golf course and you are not going tohave a perfect day here. It was a good solid score.'
Starting on the back nine, junior All-American Brock Mackenzie shot par onhis first seven holes before running into trouble. He triple-bogied the parfour 17th hole but managed to follow it up with a birdie to shoot 2-over atthe turn. Mackenzie played his final nine holes in three-over, including abirdie on his final green. Mackenzie finished the day at 5-over 77.
Senior Derek Berg posted a quadruple bogie on his fifth hole and stood at7-over after his first eight homes. From that point, Berg played even parover his final 10 holes and finished at 79.
'John Robertson played absolutely great today with the exception of onehole,' Thurmond said. 'Brock played very well except for maybe two holes.Derek (Berg) had a quadruple bogie early and then battled and played wellthe rest of the day.'
Robbins finished at 83 while junior Dan Potter struggled to post 90.
'Conner (Robbins) had a poor day putting but he hit the ball well and he hasnot done that lately,' Thurmond said. 'Dan just had an off day. I expect himto bounce back for us.'
The Huskies will play in the afternoon session on Wednesday during thesecond round of the 72-hole event.
Complete results from the NCAA Championships are available at golfstat.com


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On the highest of mountains there is an emptiness
of grass, plants and trees, they grow less !
All that is seen is ice and listless, as white as
the burial cloth and as cold as death.
O God, never give me those heights so lifeless
that i cant hold a stranger in embrace.


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An Elegant Afternoon Tea Party, Hollywood Style! Fashion Show with beautiful derby hats and dresses by AtCozy, and jewelry by Jewelinga Designs, Retro Songs from Hollywood movies (1940's - 1970's), Silent Auction, Dancers, and of course, delicious tea and desserts.
Tickets: $45 at the door or $40 online in advance and at AtCozy Boutique, 55F Union St., Newton Center, 02459.
This event is part of Newton Festival of the Arts.
Olga Lisovskaya - Professional soprano; soloist at Carnegie Hall
Gilly Assuncao, tenor - "Russo's Singer"; featured on Good Morning, America

domain: entertainment


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How did the question of chardonnay become so polarizing? Some say “anything but!” while others find it to be their most esteemed and comforting libation.
Chardonnay is the prime example why you should not let the first impression of a grape define how you feel about it. As with much of wine, complexity is the rule. Chardonnay is the most-planted varietal in California and it accounts for the largest share of wine produced in the state. While there are a few cliches that dominate, there is also variety to be found.
In California, the most common style of chardonnay is something that's oaky or buttery or tastes like tropical fruit — maybe canned pineapples. Or perhaps all three. This is actually a fairly new phenomenon, though. Chardonnay like this wasn’t common as recently as 30 years ago.
Chardonnay comes to us via Bourgogne (Burgundy) in France, where it is the main white-wine grape. In Burgundy it makes crisp, tart wines — wines that align to the apple-flavored part of the fruit spectrum. Burgundian winemakers — being closer to the Swiss Alps than they are to the beach — have relied upon certain techniques, such as the use of oak barrels, to add some weight to the flavor of their wines. Winemaking is a subtle craft, and winemakers out of necessity often follow tradition. When Californians started to take to chardonnay in a big way around the 1980s, wineries here tended to emulate the model of Burgundy, lock, stock and barrel. California grapes (mostly) bask in the warm sun, though, and employing Burgundian élevage on our fruit is liable to result in fat wines. But it turned out Americans liked these rich, creamy wines, and a trend began.
Buttery, oaky chards may have their place on the menu, but they just seem inappropriate for summer activites (especially in L.A.). They are kind of heavy, and they have a tendency to be difficult in pairing with foods — they tend to overpower stuff. Are they appropriate by the pool or at a picnic, where you tend to want beverages that are crisp, cool and refreshing?
Perhaps the zestiest of chardonnays come from Chablis, the farthest-northern outpost of the Burgundian landscape. It can get pretty cold there, and there are leaner examples of chardonnay, wines that feature a lot of citrus-y acidity and very focused, zesty green fruit flavors — wines that are excellent with food. This type of wine pairs magnificently with oysters, in particular, as well as such L.A. faves as sushi, fish tacos and grilled chicken. How about shawarma?
What has been slowly emerging in California is the potential for the production of super-crisp, mineral-driven chardonnays. There are historical examples such as Stony Hill, which has been making oak-free chardonnay since the mid–20th century, but it seems that things are getting really interesting now. For zingy domestic chards, look for labels such as Lioco, Sandhi, Liquid Farm or Donkey and Goat. For value, you probably want to check out basic Burgundy whites (Bourgogne Blanc), perhaps wines with the word Mâcon on the label. Or even better, hit up your local wine merchant for suggestions and see what they can dig up.
Advertising disclosure: We may receive compensation for some of the links in our stories. Thank you for supporting LA Weekly and our advertisers.


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Blast Breaker Online is an Action-Sidescroll MMORPG which will take players into the world of Ariar, scrolling through the stories of each character developed by the Thailand game developer Unext Digitals Plus Co., Ltd.
Blast Breaker Online – World and Skill Preview
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