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This has been a big year for reading for me. I am currently sucked all the way into Gena Showalter’s Lords of the Underworld books. Right now, I’m on #8, The Darkest Surrender. Can I just say – STRIDER = YUMMY. Holy guacamole! Is he hot or what?
Anyway, since January of this year, I’ve read twelve books. Right now, I’m reading two at the same time. Usually, I can’t focus long enough to do that but lately I’ve had no problems reading more than one book.
I started this year off reading the Hunger Games series. In fact, I finished it up with Mockingjay in January. Then I moved on to a craft book – Stephen King’s On Writing. I thoroughly enjoyed that and think every writer should read this book. It’s short and a quick read.
I really wanted to sink my teeth into some paranormal romance or urban fantasy. That’s why I picked up Showalter’s Lords series. I’m also reading Sophie Jordan’s Hidden, the third book in the YA Firelight series.
I’ve also read several books that are out now from my critique partners. Have you read Misty Evans yet? Cuz I have! I got the pleasure of critiquing Sweet Chaos andThe Secret Life of Cranberry Sauce. If you haven’t had a chance to pick them up, I highly recommend them.
So now that summer is about over, what is on your TBR pile for the winter? Aside from reading, my favorite hobby is cross-stitching. I’ll be starting my winter project soon. It seems like the perfect winter activity.


Ustad Farida Mahwash (Farida Gulali Ayubi) was born into a conservative Afghan family. Her mother was a Quran teacher, who recited with a beautiful voice, an early inspiration to the young girl. But religion loomed large in the family, and formany years, her interest in music was suppressed. Upon completing her studies,Farida was recruited to sing for Kabul Radio. The station's director, UstadKhayal, encouraged her to pursue singing as a career. It was Ustad Khayal who gave Farida her enduring stage name, Mahwash, which means "like the moon."Mahwash's robust and mellifluous voice, and her command of the subtle art of ornamentation, has gone on to dazzle audiences worldwide, as she shares her country's rich musical heritage through performances and recordings.
Mahwash then took music and singing lessons under the tutelage of Ustad Mohammad Hashim Chishti. An established maestro, Chishti quickly launched his protégé on a rigorous training regime. Most of his lessons, which are based on North Indian classical music,are still used today to train Afghan singers. Mahwash went on to study with the renowned Afghan singer Ustad Hussain Khan Sarahang, who guided her through hermeteoric rise as a radio star. Another master composer, Ustad Shahwali, created many songs for her to sing on the radio. One of the best known was "O Bacha (Oh Boy)," which brings together half a dozen regional songs in one extended modern song cycle. When Mahwash learned this complex piece and recorded it in a single day, she was given the title of Ustad—or "master" in 1977—a controversial move as, until that point, this was an honour reserved only for men. After the political turmoil of late 1970s and '80s, Ustad Mahwash was forced to leave Afghanistan.
In 1991, she and her family moved to Pakistan, where she took refuge from two warring factions, each of whom wanted her to sing for their cause, or face assassination. Worn and exhausted, she applied for asylum abroad, and, eventually, her plight was recognised by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Mahwash was granted political asylum in the United States in October 1991
In 2012 Mahwash became a member of the group Voices of Afghanistan, an Afghani ensemble featuring Mahwash on vocals, rubab master Homayoun Sakhi, and The Sakhi Ensemble. Also were other notable Afghan master/ and Uzbekistan (Abbos Kosimov) musicians and singers. This collaboration debuted in June 2012 under the direction of music producer and composer Dawn Elder, who created this group with Mawash and Homayoun.
One of their landmark performances came before 27,000 American fans at the Carrier Dome for the One World Concert event. In 2012, Mahwash, Homayoun Sakhi and the group began recording a new album with world music producer Dawn Elder and Sam Nappi at World Harmony Studios. After a year in the making they are now preparing the release. In this recording Ustad Mahwash, Homayoun Sakhi and the group are joined by a host of notable celebrity musicians and singers including Grammy winning singer Angelique Kidjo. The album is set to release on World Harmony Studios/D E Music Records is entitled "Love Songs for Humanity". The official release is on 3 September 2013 on line and in stores on 27 September 2013.
Ustad Mahwash's Albums


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Houzz is the new way to design your home.
214,573 colors house paint Home Design Photos
Christopher A Rose AIA, ASID
Front view from entrance
what color paint would match the exterior of this home?
what color/type of roof shingles did you choose for this paint color? Thank you!
Beautiful home! What are the exterior paint colors? Siding and trim? Thank you.
little house, but once if I shall have possibilities to renove it it is sure I shall use these colors ! It is just what I searched. Thank You Sir !
for the paint color details. It looks gorgeous!! If I can get this approved by BAR, this will be my next house color :)
know the color used for the home and the trim. it is quite elegant.
Its a color called Charleston Green, One part green to three parts black. Its a color that has been used in Charleston, SC for many generations.
exterior color can you please suggest a color for a metal roof that would complement it?
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We are an award winning a remodeling company, focusing on complete kitchen, bathroom, basement & sun room remodeling with home additions & renovations services. Contact us for your next project!
Catherine Nguyen Photography
Twin Peaks Open House
I am looking to do grey in my new house
is the color of the wall paint
What color/paint are the walls?
This color is Artesian from G&R Paint
as dark as we would want to go on wall color
grey walls - Artesian from G&R Paint
Paint color for Candras room
wall color, light with depth
grey wall color, lamps
Wall color and light rug
paint color?...the wall color!!!...Paint color...Grey color paint...grey paint...Wall color...bedding; colors...color idea...Love the color...Bedroom color...the paint...Peaks Open House...Wall Color
Oak Hill Architects
is the color of the shingles?
how does the fireplace work keeping cold air out of the house
what color is the roof shingles? What color is the siding?
what color is the house paint
What color and Manuf. is the color of the exterior house? Thank you and love your site!
what color is the trim? thank you!
downspouts painted or is the metal that color?
What is the color of the exterior paint?
What is mfg and style and color of roof material?
Would you please be able to tell me the color of the roof?
I'd like to know the color of the roof as well
Love the color. Can you please share???
What is C2 Wood Ash? Love the color.
color and brand of roof?
colors of siding and rock together
this stone would match the house
Bravo Interior Design
Austonian Luxury Condo
I love the extra large painting. Is it stock or did you have it done for the room?
What the name of the teal wall color?? Love it
Would you please share info on the teal paint color?
I'.m interested in the paint color,but keenly interested in the carpet
That is a great color would love to know what it is!
The main wall color is SW 7017 Dorian Gray - Sherin Willimas http://www.sherwin-williams.com/homeowners/color/find-and-explore-colors/paint-colors-by-family/SW7017-dorian-gray/
the wall color with the mirror on it....awesome
I like the paint color in this room. What is the type and color?
I can't seem to find if this question has been asked/answered. But do you know the paint brand/colors used in this room?
Catalyst Architects, LLC
Residences in DeBordieu Colony, Georgetown, SC
Is there anyway possible to find out what color brick and paint colors were used on this home?
What a perfect shade of tan! Would you mind sharing the brand and color? Thank you!
shape of the house, minus the front porch
live the style and colors of this house
It looks like a Carolina beach house
of the house but like the idea of a hidden garage underneath
Cayucos, CA: Robert and Phyllis Frank
love the color which shop? color and paint names plz? thanks
I like these colors a lot
Like these colors for the back of the house
like th color combination of the house
style house in Cayucos, a small beach community on Highway 1, just north of San Luis Obispo. Then they took their time choosing a color palette for the exterior. They wanted colors that fit the house but also that fit the neighborhood, which leans toward colorful. They chose traditional Craftsman colors
When the color was finally on, Phyllis was shocked at first. "The house was bright, standing apart from the other houses on the block. People started driving down the street and stopping in front of the house," she says. "Thankfully, they were unanimous in their praise. This continues to happen daily if
LDa Architecture & Interiors
Eclectic Modern Tudor Exterior
Is this Hardi Plank? What color for both....thanks
Do you think this color scheme would also look good with brick, versus the stone?
What color is the roof please
exterior paint color. Kindly assist with the color code? Kind Regards Brian
Is this a sherwin williams color for exterior and trim? Thank you.
Love the colours and hoping to freshen the look of a tudor. Can you please let me know the paint colour of the stucco, wood, and windows. thank you
What is the color of the window trim, the stucco, and the cream color on the trim?
the color of the wood and walls
The trim all over the house. Makes it look exotic, maybe even dutch.
color looks nice with the stone trim. stone trim
Like the lighter colored exterior of this tudor
DeGraw & DeHaan Architects
A new home in the New York Suburbs
Can you please tell me brand and color of shingles? Thanks
entire house, it needs to be updated in every room, but the outside needs more love than anywhere else to give it curb appeal and make it an anchor for the block as it is on the corner lot.
Color of house, trim and rock together
Gracious. Looks like a house I would love to come home to.
love the exterior paint color with the stone
Like the stone work on house
Blue grey house with white trim

domain: design


text:
Below is a list of the types of businesses in the City of Martinsville in which we have business listings. If you do not see your city within the list below. You can add a business for just $49.95 per year. To add a business submit your info here.
Martinsville is a city based in Clark County, IL, USA. The most important economic activities include ambulance services, banking, child care services, counseling, financing, insurance, photography, tourism, road side services, welding, plumbing, health services, retail and supplying.
Martinsville has convenience stores, annual carnivals, museums, pet shops, parks, restaurants, public libraries, supermarkets, grocery stores and festivals.

domain: geography


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We offer the most comprehensive Health Guarantee in the industry.Learn More >>
What families are saying about their new puppies!View all customer reviews >>
"Thought you'd like to see a "1st day" photo of our "Little Eddie"... He is THE most precious thing. He's adjusted very well since he got here on Sunday night late. The breeder has also been wonderful with follow-up and did a great job pad training hi...Read More"
"Thank you for Danny--our beautiful little lovely friend."
"Carly is so tiny like a newborn! Everyone ooh's and awh's over her! It has been steady stream of visitors since yesterday. She has found her lifetime home and my friends galore her with toys. She loves to be rocked to sleep by my Granddaughter Ariela...Read More"
"The first glimpse of her at the airport was "Love at first sight" She was all of 5 lbs and absolutely adorable. I named her Coco Chanel of course since she's French. She has done well in obedience school and may become a therapy dog. She is devoted t...Read More"

domain: pet


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WMS Drama Club's musical comedy delights audience of all ages
WESTPORT — The Westport Middle School Drama Club's production of Willy Wonka Junior, the bizarre chocolate factory owner much beloved by youngsters everywhere, followed the original story line closely, using clever stage settings which perfectly captured the whimsical and humorous elements of the play.
With Willy Wonka's part sung by Jonathan Gillespie and Brendan Sasse portraying Charlie Bucket, director and choreographer Holly Hawes was able to draw on her students' excellent singing voices for the drama club's adaptation of Roald Dahl's book, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
The musical opened with Jonathan singing "Pure Imagination," the start of a strong performance in which he follows the original story line searching for an heir to run his chocolate factory. He announces a contest where five golden tickets randomly placed in one of his products will win five lucky children a tour of his candy factory.
Charlie Bucket is living with his parents and grandparents, who are counting on him to win one of the golden tickets. As Charlie, Brendan sings several solos and along with four other players— Marc Weaver as Augustus Gloop, Brooke Aguiar as Veruca Salt, Allyson Duarte as Violet Beauregard, and Camden Mello as Mike Teavee— finds a winning ticket. Together with their parents, they set off for a tour of the factory, and the fun begins!
The audience was delighted by the Oompa-Loompas ensemble, the factory workers who make the chocolate while singing up a storm during their colorful musical numbers.
All the children except Charlie misbehave, find themselves in terrible predicaments, and are eventually sent away. During the factory tour, Marc Weaver's character ends up head first in a chocolate nut pot and is sent back home. Allyson Duarte's Violet chews gum, becomes a huge blueberry, and is sent away, too.
And so it goes until the final scene, where Charlie and his Grandpa Joe (played by Sam Young) sing "Flying" atop tall platforms so they appear to be floating in bubbles. Eventually, Charlie is the only child found to embody the spirit of Wonka's most unusual chocolate creations. When Mr. Wonka explains his plan, Charlie accepts and he and his family move in to run the factory.
The school's art club students helped with props and sets for the production, which the cast had been rehearsing since December.
Together with the stage crew, light and sound crews, the talented cast of young actors teamed up to produce an entertaining musical which was fun and very enjoyable for all ages.

domain: entertainment


Contractors, producers, and public officials from around the world will gather in Las Vegas on March 11–15 for CONEXPO-CON/AGG 2008. The show and conference, which is held every three years, is expected to attract 125,000 visitors.
The massive show will feature about 2000 exhibitors spread across 2.1 million net sq ft of space (equivalent to 48 acres) in the three halls of the Las Vegas Convention Center and several outside lots. To minimize walking and maximize time while checking out the show, the exhibits are divided into “product concentration areas,” such as concrete, earthmoving machinery and attachments, trucks, utilities, and lifting equipment. (A small sample of the many products at the show is featured in the Mason's Toolbag section, page 40
The educational program will include more than 120 sessions, each 90-min long. Case studies, industry trends, and “how to” programs will be offered in 10 subject tracks: aggregates, equipment management, asphalt, concrete, construction project management, earthmoving, environmental/recycling, safety, personal development, and management.
In addition to these regular programs, the new Innovation and Solutions Center on the show floor will offer free programs detailing solutions to current and future design applications, along with new research and development relating to the industry.
One of the new features at the 2008 show is the International Powered Access Federation (IPAF) Safety Zone, which covers 8000 sq ft in the West Blue Lot. The 15-min show will illustrate the dangers of not using a harness in boom type aerial work platforms, and the correct way to wear the safety device. The program will run at regular intervals throughout each day and will incorporate a range of access equipment from exhibiting IPAF members.
The demonstration is part of the group's “Click It!” safety campaign, which encourages users of boom type platforms to wear a full body harness with a short lanyard attached to a suitable anchor point.
International gathering spot
CONEXPO-CON/AGG is sponsored by the Association of Equipment Manufacturers, National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association, and Associated General Contractors of America. Another 85 industry groups from around the world are participating as Supporting Organizations.
More than 300 meetings, including several annual conventions of industry associations, will be held in conjunction with the Las Vegas show.
For more information about the event, visitwww.conexpoconagg.com.


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3/4 c Pumpkin puree
1 c Ricotta cheese; about 7 oz
1 tb Potato starch, cornstarch,
1/3 c Sugar
1/2 Lemon; grated zest only
4 lg Egg whites
“Although Maniere called this a “cheese cake,” it’s nothing like our
rich, dense American version. His lemony pumpkin-flavored dessert is
low-fat, airy, and souffle-like because it’s made with only the
beaten whites of the egg. The cake puffs in the steamer and then
deflates slightly as it stands.”
Lightly coat a nonstick 9-inch round cake pan with vegetable oil (if
not nonstick, lightly butter pan and line the bottom with a round of
buttered parchment or waxed paper).
Put the pumpkin puree in the bowl of a food processor. Add the ricotta
cheese, potato starch, sugar, and lemon zest and process until smooth.
Scrape into a large bowl.
In another large bowl, beat the egg whites to stiff peaks. Stir about
one quarter of the whites into the pumpkin mixture to lighten it.
Then gently fold in the remaining whtes. Scrape the mixture into the
pan with a rubber spatula and smooth the top. Cover with aluminum
foil and press the foil around the rim to seal.
Put the pan on the steamer rack, place over simmering water, cover,
and steam 20 minutes. Then set the lid ajar and steam 5 minutes more,
or until the cake is set and a knife inserted into the center comes
Let the cake cool, then refrigerate until chilled.
To serve, invert a serving plate over the pan and quickly reverse the
two to unmold the cake. Remove the parchment or waxed paper, if used.
Cut the cake into wedges. Serve cold.

domain: food


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Johanna, this is absolutely beautiful. I love the bright and cleverly designed background and the gorgeous humming bird. The green feathers have an almost metallic, shiny look which is very interesting.Thanks so much for taking part in the challenge.
Boah ist das schööön *schwärm*Einfach klasse.
Whow...so fantastic colorful creation. Love it!!!
Oh, I love this--what a beautiful bird!!
Johanna, your scrap squares are really fantastic! This bird piece is so lively and colourful, a true delight to see! Keep up the good work with scraps!
So vivid, I love it!
LOVE these glorious colors! Beautiful! Hugs, Terri
A fantastic square Johanna- beautiful song components and brilliant color - just like a hummingbird!
I do enjoy looking at all your squares - you have a wonderful imagination and such lovely use of colour.
Oh, wie schon, ein wundervoller Vogel.
Wonderful! Hummingbirds and music always go together beautifully!
great piece of art
What a beautiful Hummingbird! Great collage
What a beautiful little hummingbird (my favorite bird!)... this nest fits so perfectly, too. Very pretty collage - the yellow color sets of the jewel tones of the hummingbird brilliantly.


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Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and global DNA methylation in visceral adipose tissue from colorectal cancer patients
BMC Cancer volume 19, Article number: 93 (2019)
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been identified as the essential fat depot for pathogenetic theories that associateobesity and colon cancer. LINE-1 hypomethylation has been mostly detected in tumor colon tissue, but less is known about the epigenetic pattern in surrounding tissues. The aim was to analyze for the first time the potential relationship between serum vitamin D, obesity and global methylation (LINE-1) in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from patients with and without colorectal cancer.
A total of 55 patients with colorectal cancer and 35 control subjects participated in the study. LINE-1 DNA methylation in VAT was measured by pyrosequencing. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by ELISA.
Cancer patients had lower levels of LINE-1 methylation in VAT compared with the control group. In the subjects with colorectal cancer, LINE-1 DNA methylation levels were associated positively with vitamin D levels (r = 0,463; p < 0.001) and negatively with BMI (r = − 0.334, p = 0.01) and HOMA insulin resistance index (r = − 0.348, p = 0.01). Serum vitamin D was the main variable explaining the LINE-1% variance in the cancer group (β = 0.460, p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, subjects with higher LINE-1 methylation values had lower risk of developing colorectal cancer (OR = 0.53; IC95% =0.28–0.99) compared with the control group.
We showed for the first time an association between LINE-1 DNA methylation in VAT and vitamin D levels in subjects with colorectal cancer, highlighting the importance of VAT from cancer patients, which could be modified epigenetically compared to healthy subjects.
Obesity is considered one of the most important metabolic diseases of this century and is associated with serious comorbidities . Obesity is one of the risk factors that has been linked to the most relevant cancers, like colorectal cancer (CRC) . CRC is the third most common human cancer worldwide . In Spain, the CRC represents the seventh global cause of death in Spain . Epidemiological data suggest that obesity is associated with a 30–70% increased risk of colon cancer in men, whereas the association is less consistent in women . Despite the numerous epidemiological evidences connecting obesity to higher cancer risk and mortality, the possible mechanisms involved are not entirely known . Existing evidence suggest that visceral abdominal fat (VAT) is more predictive of obesity-associated comorbidity and mortality than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) . VAT has been identified as the essential fat depot for pathogenic theories that associate obesity and colon cancer . This has been related to the unique architecture of VAT that is highly cellular, vascular and innervated and contains cells with inflammatory and immunological functions. Moreover, the close proximity of VAT to the portal vein causes drainage of excess free fatty acids and inflammatory mediators directly to the liver, thus affecting metabolism and creating a condition of low grade chronic inflammation, a favorable niche for tumor development .
It is suggested that the obesity state provides a particular adipose tissue micro environment with multiple systemic metabolic alterations that contribute to tumor development and progression . All of this through different mechanisms, such as obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, endocrine alterations, insulin resistance, and hypoxia–angiogenesis processes .
On the other hand, it is well known the role of epigenetic modifications on cancer development. DNA methylation is the most widely studied epigenetic phenomenon in humans, and the relationship between DNA methylation and carcinogenesis has been extensively studied in human colon cancer . DNA methylation measured by Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element 1 (LINE-1) sequences has been considered a surrogate marker for global genome methylation . LINE-1 hypomethylation has been associated with poor survival and worse clinical outcome in CRC patients . Currently, it is well recognized a global hypomethylation of genomic repetitive sequences in malignant cells, but less is known about the epigenetic pattern in surrounding tissues. Hypomethylation of LINE-1 has been mostly detected in tumor colon tissue, but some authors have also detected hypomethylation in non-tumoral area from cancer patients .
Environmental and lifestyle factors may influence on epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation . The consumption of nutrients, such as folates and alcohol, were associated with DNA hypomethylation of LINE-1 in patients with CRC [16, 17]. Other authors have found that women with a low consumption of fruit affect to the global methylation . We have also reported in a Mediterranean diet study a positive association of the hypomethylation in LINE-1 with the weight loss . Folic acid, vitamin B, green tea, alcohol and recently Vitamin D, are known for their effect on epigenetic regulation . It has been proposed another biomarker of CRC proposed is the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) by hypermethylation , but it is not clear the relationship with obesity [22, 23].
The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and excess body weight are related with risk of CRC [24, 25]. Furthermore, vitamin D is able to change the profile of the DNA methylation and histone modifications, modifying the mechanism of action of the oncogenes .
In this context, due to the close relationship between obesity and colorectal cancer, it is possible that the VAT from CRC patients could be characterized by a specific epigenetic pattern favorable to the promotion of carcinogenesis. In this context, serum 25(OH)D levels could have a significant effect on DNA methylation profile.
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether in the VAT from colorectal cancer patients there is already a LINE-1 hypomethylation compared to subjects without cancer, and to analyze whether such potential association depends on obesity status or other known variables also related to CRC, as serum Vitamin D levels.
This study was conducted in 2 groups with CRC (cases) and without CRC (control) participated in the study. Cases were recruited including all patients undergoing colon cancer during the years 2012–2013. Controls were recruited from patients who underwent hiatus hernia surgery or cholecystectomy between 2012 and 2013 in an operating room in general surgery. All these subjects were over 54 years of age and BMI < 40; this criterion was included to ensure homogeneity in the age and BMI of both groups. Patients were excluded if they had cardiovascular disease, arthritis, acute inflammatory disease, infectious disease, renal disease, were receiving drugs that could alter the lipid or glucose profile, calcium or vitamin D supplements. All the participants were informed of the nature of the study and gave their written consent. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the University Virgen de la Victoria Hospital in Málaga, Spain.
Epiploic visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and blood samples were processed as we have previously published , before surgery and were maintained at − 80 °C until analysis. Serum glucose, cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in a Dimension auto analyzer (Dade Behring Inc.) by enzymatic methods (Randox Laboratories Ltd.). Insulin was quantified by radioimmunoassay supplied by Bio Source International, Camarillo, CA, USA. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) was analyzed by enzyme immunoassay kits (BLK Diagnostics, Spain). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated with the following equation: HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (ìIU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. Serum 25(OH)D levels was determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA)Immundiagnostik’s kit.
The DNA methylation status was determined by pyrosequencing using the PyromakTMQ96 ID Pyrosequencing System (Qiagen). For the methylation analysis of the LINE-1 we used the primer sequences, as we have previously published. DNA methylation analysis were performed on bisulfite-treated DNA using highly-quantitative analysis based on PCR-pyrosequencing . Unmethylated and methylated DNA were included as controls in each run (New England biolabs), inter-assay precision (%CV) was < 2.5%; intrra-assay (%CV) was < 1.0% [22, 27, 28].
One-way ANOVA and Chi2 test were made for calculation of the statistical difference between the means of the continuous and qualitative variables respectively. A two-sided P-value of < 0.05 for statistical significance in all analysis was used. Normal distribution was tested for LINE-1 methylation variable by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. LINE-1 methylation variable was normally distributed. Multiple linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate the potential predictors of LINE-1 methylation variation. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to evaluate whether global methylation levels can predict CRC risk. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression. With the sample size of this study we are be able to detect as significant a difference of less than one percentage unit with a statistical power greater than 90%. Statistical power was calculated with Openepi program . All of analysis were performed using R statistical software, version 2.8.1 (Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ; http://www.r-project.org/).
Characteristics of the study subjects
The characteristics of the subjects are shown in Table 1. Subjects were classified as the control group and the colon cancer patient group (see methodology section). The number of men was significantly higher in the patients with cancer (45% in the control group vs 68.4% in the CRC group, p = 0.018). There were no differences between both groups according to anthropometric variables. Study subjects had a mean BMI of about 28 Kg/m2 and a mean age of about 66 years. However, as it was expected, there were statistically significant differences regarding metabolic parameters. The main finding was the difference in 25(OH)D and LINE-1% methylation levels between both groups. LINE-1% methylation values in VAT were lower in the cancer group compared with the control group (63.9% [63.7–64.1 CI] vs. 64.4% [64.1–64.7 CI], p = 0.02). The same trend was observed with 25(OH) D values (Table 1).
On the other hand, levels of LINE-1% methylation were higher in men although these differences were not statistically different (64.2% [63.9–64.4] vs 63.8% [63.4–64.2], p = 0.08). This trend was shown both cancer (64,09%[63.8–64.4 CI] vs 63,6%[63.2–64.04 CI], p = 0,053) and control group (64,4%[63.5–65.3] vs 64,1%[63.4–64.8], p = 0,52), although there weren’t statistically significant. Regarding age, we did not find any relationship with LINE-1% methylation levels (data not shown), whereas a significant association was found between BMI and LINE-1 methylation (All: r = −-0.257, P = 0.014; Cancer group: r = − 0.292, p = 0.03; Control group: r = − 0.295, p = 0.08).
Relationship between LINE-1% methylation levels, obesity and colorectal cancer phenotypes
To test whether these differences were associated with BMI we classified the subjects according to the following categories: 1) control group without obesity; 2) control group with obesity; 3) cancer group without obesity; 4) cancer group with obesity.
Subjects from the control group without obesity showed higher LINE-1% methylation in VAT and serum 25(OH) D levels compared with the other groups (p = 0.01 and p = 0.035, respectively).
In the cancer group, subjects with obesity showed significantly lower levels of LINE-1 methylation than people without obesity, and the same trend was observed in the control group but it was not statistically significant (Fig. 1a). Similar tendency was found in both groups for 25(OH) D values but they did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 1b). In the group of cancer patients, a positive association was observed between LINE-1% methylation levels and vitamin D levels (r = 0.463, p < 0.001); whereas, a negative association between LINE-1 methylation levels and BMI (r = − 0.334, p = 0.01) and HOMA insulin resistance index (r = − 0.348, p = 0.01) were found. However, when we analyzed according to BMI, we observed a positive correlation between serum vitamin D and LINE-1 methylation levels only in the group of subjects with BMI > 30 (r = 0.780, p < 0.001).
Predictors of LINE-1%methylation levels in VAT from subjects with and without CRC
Due to the finding about LINE-1 methylation and Vitamin D levels in visceral adipose tissue, a multiple linear regression model was used to test the contribution of the potential variables in the LINE-1% methylation variation. The variance of LINE-1% levels in the cancer group was explained mainly by 25(OH)D (β = 0.460, p < 0.001) (Table 2). The model included potential confounding variables such as BMI and HOMA-IR, but these factors were not significant. However, in the control group neither of these variables contributed significantly to the variance of LINE-1 methylation levels (Table 2).
Predictive value for LINE-1% DNA methylation in VAT as risk marker of CRC
Finally to test the predictive capacity of LINE-1 methylation levels as risk marker of developing CRC, a logistic regression analysis was performed. Regression logistic was done including those known variables related to CRC such as BMI, sex, age and vitamin D. Subjects with higher LINE-1 methylation values had lower risk of developing CRC (OR = 0.53; IC95% =0.28–0.99) in a model adjusted by age, sex, BMI, HOMA-IR and vitamin D levels. However, neither vitamin D nor BMI, contributed significantly to the risk of developing CRC in the present model (Table 3).
We studied for the first time, the LINE-1 methylation levels in VAT from colorectal cancer. The most relevant finding was the decreased levels of LINE-1 methylation in VAT from cancer patients in relation with the control group, and the strong relationship between LINE-1 methylation in VAT and Vitamin D in the CRC group, being the vitamin D the main variable influencing on global DNA methylation in our study.
In this study we wanted to highlight the potential role of adipose tissue in colorectal cancer. Recent results from our group have also shown that adipose tissue could be an important factor in CRC development, and epigenetic mechanisms might be involved. In fact, we have shown that adipose tissue DNMT3A mRNA correlates negatively with 25(OH)D and positively with adipose tissue VDR and NfκB1 methylation, suggesting that Vitamin D could be involved in epigenetic modifications in specific genes in adipose tissue by mechanisms involving the DNA-methyltransferase .
On the other hand, we observed that the healthy phenotype in this study (control group without obesity) had the highest levels of LINE-1 methylation, supporting the published results in the literature that associate a global hypomethylation with higher instability genomic and in consequence with the susceptibility to develop several non-communicable diseases [30, 31] . Although the absolute values of global DNA methylation are very similar between obese and non-obsese subjects in our study, this difference is very similar to reported in previous studies . There are no many studies measuring LINE-1 DNA methylation in visceral adipose tissue, most of them have been performed in PBMC samples. We published LINE-1 DNA methylation levels in a population cohort of obese and non-obese people. This measurement was done in peripheral blood samples, but the values were very similar to those published in the current work . Usually, the methylation changes in obesity are smaller than those obtained in cancer, but these small differences have biological significance.
Numerous studies have shown an association between a marker for global methylation LINE-1  and worse prognosis and survival in CRC patients [34, 35]. Recently, it has been showed lower LINE-1 methylation levels in patients with CRC , but in blood samples other authors have been reported that global DNA hypomethylation was associated with increased risk of cancer .
Currently, it is well recognized a global hypomethylation of genomic repetitive sequences in malignant cells, but less is known about the epigenetic pattern in surrounding tissues. In fact, we have also observed a hypomethylation of LINE-1 in tumor tissue compared to adipose tissue in the CRC group (data not shown). This is also demonstrated for some authors in non tumor tissues, where they showed decreased in the global DNA methylation related with significantly associated with worse prognostic in patients with CRC cancer .Similar results have also been found by Suter et al , suggesting that hypomethylation could begin a process in which some genes are dysregulated in the first steps in the developing of CRC.
To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the global epigenetic pattern in VAT from CRC patients. Due to the close relationship between obesity and cancer, we hypothesized that epigenetic regulation in the adjacent VAT, could be involved in the colorectal carcinogenesis.
Evidence exists that dietary components may influence the inflammatory process and the risk of developing CRC . Evidence exists that dietary components may influence the inflammatory process and the risk of developing CRC . On the other hand, several bioactive food components, have been shown to influence in the hypomethylation of LINE-1, which has been associated with an increased risk of several cancers . However, conflicting findings have also been observed depending on whether the study of the global DNA hypomethylation was made in biopsies from different areas of colon or in the PBMCs .
In the last years, vitamin D is acquiring great importance in the link obesity and cancer . vitamin D levels have been inversely associated with cancer risk in several studies . Likewise, an association between obesity and low vitamin D status has been shown . We observed lower levels of Vitamin D in the cancer patients compared to the control group. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between LINE-1 methylation and Vitamin D levels were found in the CRC group with obesity. This finding highlights the potential role of Vitamin D as an epigenetic factor regulating the global DNA methylation pattern especially in subjects with obesity.
Vitamin D system has a very important role to maintain the genome stability , through different mechanisms protecting against oxidative stress and aging processes . There are not many studies evaluating the association of this important nutrient on global DNA methylation status. Tapp et al. , showed that LINE-1 methylation of rectal mucosa from healthy subjects was influenced by vitamin D among other factors. We observed the same association but only in the CRC group. Other authors have shown conflicting results. For example, Hübner and colleagues have not showed any effect of the vitamin D supplementation seems to have no effect on LINE-1 methylationin the global methylation in patients with moderate VD deficiency . However, this intervention studies with VD has been made only in blood cells, so it does not mean that have any effect in other tissue methylation status of specific genes. Our results showed that in CRC subjects, VD was the only variable studied that correlated positive significantly with LINE-1 in the cancer group but not in the control group. These results would be consistent with the study by Pufulete et al , where found a different effect of vitamin supplementation in patients with colorectal adenoma. We only observed this effect in the cancer group, suggesting that patients with cancer might respond to vitamin supplementation in a different way, but associated with aberrant changes in LINE-1 DNA methylation.
In conclusion, we found that CRC patients had lower levels of LINE-1 methylation than control group in VAT samples. This LINE-1 methylation pattern was positively associated with serum Vitamin D levels, pointing to a significant association of this nutrient with DNA methylation profile. Finally, we could suggest that the VAT of CRC patients is suffering epigenetic changes that could contribute to the development or appearance of the tumor, and vitamin D could be involved in this epigenetic regulation.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Body mass index
High density lipoprotein
Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (IR)
Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element 1 (LINE-1)
Subcutaneous adipose tissue
Visceral adipose tissue
Vitamin D receptor
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The authors thank all the subjects for their important contribution. We are grateful to Marie Repice (native speaker, editor) for the English revision of the article.
This study was supported by “Centros de Investigación En Red” (CIBER, CB06/03/0018) of the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII), and grants from ISCIII (PI11/01661) and from Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucia (PI11-CTS-8181). Co financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The funding body had a role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, and writing and publishing manuscript. DCC was recipient of a FPU grant from Education Ministry, Madrid, Spain (13/04211). ABC is funded by a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP17/00088) from the ISCIII. MMG and SM were recipient of the Nicolas Monardes program from the Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucia, Spain (C-0029-2014 and C-0050-2017).
Availability of data and materials
The dataset used and/or analyzed during the current study are available during the current study from the corresponding author on reasonable request for privacy reasons.
All authors have made their contribution to the current work. DC, SM, ABC, LSA, MCP, ET, FJT and MMG have contributed to the conception, design, analysis, and interpretation of data for the work. SM, DC, FT and MMG have drafted and revised the intellectual content of the work and have approved the final version to be published. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (Malaga, Spain), Ethics approval reference number 326/2011. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
Consent for publication
The authors declare that no competing interests exist. They are agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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Castellano-Castillo, D., Morcillo, S., Crujeiras, A.B. et al. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and global DNA methylation in visceral adipose tissue from colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 19, 93 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-5226-4
- Colorectal cancer
- Global DNA methylation
- Vitamin D

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RIVERS -- Recent rains storms with more on the way combined with high flows out of Canada are prolonging the region's "spring" runoff in a big way.
The Kootenai River rose above flood stage at Bonners Ferry today, according to our S-R weather reporter. The minor flooding is expected through Friday, forecasters said. The river was about three inches above flood stage of 64 feet at Bonners Ferry.
In addition, the Pend Oreille River below Albeni Falls Dam was near flood stage. The river was at 45 feet in Newport this morning.
Cities such as Sandpoint and Bonners Ferry could break records for June rainfall with more than five inches recorded there already this month.


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Based on the Wirral we have two amazing yoga studio’s in Bromborough & Heswall #Yoga #Pilates #Beginners #Flow #Workshops #Retreats
Our Bromborough based studio accommodates 15 mats is heated to a comfortable and manageable 28 degrees. All of our classes are suitable for all levels of ability from our dedicated beginners classes to the more experienced yogi’s. At Yoga Bromborough we pride ourselves on the warm and welcoming experience you will receive each and every class. Come join us for the best hour of the day!.
Our Heswall studio is located inside Heswall squash club. Classes in Heswall are non hot but we promise that you that after your session your soul will feel soothed and your body brand new. Free parking and shower facilities are available at both locations. During the warmer months we will be running outdoor yoga classes on the grass area outside. Namaste
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The standard Arrehenious equation of 0.3% carbon steel is utilized to obtain an optimal deformation path such that the percentage of volume fraction recrystallization should be 1. Xia,"Microstructure and property of a medium carbon steel processed by equal channel angular pressing", materials forum volume 32 –2008, Edited by J. The presence of zone of inhibition clearly indicated the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles.
This approach is applied to obtain the desired percentage of volume fraction recrystallization of '1' from an initial value of '0'. Antibacterial assay of synthesized Ag NP was carried out in solid (Nutrient Agar) growth medium against J., Interaction of silver nanoparticles with biological surfaces of Caenorhabditis elegans.
Obi V S (1995) Experimental analysis of clay for refractory purpose , B.
This 40% sawdust addition was discovered to be the maximum under which mechanical strength and other refractory properties of clay will remain stable. Agha O A (1998) Testing of local refractory clay for producing furnace lining bricks. Key words: Carbon steel, strain, strain rate, Temperature, PID Controller, LQR.
'Investigation and Improvement of Ejector Refrigeration System Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Technique' Energy Conversion and Management 2007; 56–64. Experimental investigation of a novel steam ejector refrigerator suitable for solar energy applications. In this Paper, a new approach for controlling microstructure development during hot working process by percentage of volume fraction recrystallization is proposed. One of the approaches is based on the Optimal Control theory and involves the developing of state space models to describe the material behavior and the mechanics of the process. The elemental composition of synthesized sample was confirmed by EDS analysis.
An investigation on the properties of termite hill as refractory material for furnace lining: Indian Foundry Journal.  Pianthong K, Seehanam W, Behnia M, Sriveerakul T, Aphornratana S. 'An Experimental Investigation of a Steam Ejector Refrigerator: The Analysis of the Pressure Profile along the Ejector'. International Journal of Refrigeration 2006; 29: 1160–6. Experimental Investigations on Ejector Refrigeration System with Ammonia. Applied Thermal Engineering 2008; 7–77Abstract: The strength of any material is dependent on the grain size and percentage of volume fraction recrystallization. Wuhrer© Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd. Venugopalet.a.l, "Optimization of Microstructure during Deformation Processing Using Control Theory Principles", Scripta Materialia, vol. The DLS analysis showed the particle distribution of synthesized silver nanoparticles in solution, and SEM analysis showed the morphology of nanoparticles.
The values for linear shrinkage, permeability to air and thermal shock averaged 8.57% 69.4, and 29 respectively and these also were within the accepted limits.
IJERA MENU CALL FOR PAPER PAPER SUBMISSION WHY CHOOSE IJERA AUTHOR INSTRUCTIONS STATISTICS UNIVERSITY AFFILIATES CHECK PAPER STATUS FAQ IJERA CONTENTS CURRENT ISSUE IJERA ARCHIVE SPECIAL ISSUE CALL FOR CONFERENCE UPCOMING CONFERENCE SPECIAL ISSUE ARCHIVE DOWNLOADS MODEL PAPER COPY RIGHT FORM COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT JOURNAL ETHICS OPEN ACCESS OPEN ACCESS Abstract: Clay deposits in the Federal Capital Territory of Abuja were investigated with a view to categorizing them in order to determine their suitability as insulating refractory material.
Solid density averaged 3.18g/cm3 with 0% saw dust and 2.91g/cm 3 with 40% saw dust, still bringing them closer to the international range of 2.3-3.5g/cm3 . The simulation is done on various values for percentage of volume fraction recrystallization using both the controllers by MATLAB simulink toolbox.  James C ,"Optimization of microstructure development during hot working using control theory,"Metullurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol 28 A, pp.1921-1930, Sep 1997.
The results showed that the linear shrinkage improved from an average of 8.57% for the three samples for 0% sawdust to an average of 8.32% with 40% addition of saw dust, bringing them closer to the lower range of the international standard of 7-10%. In the other approach PID controller is employed for the plant model (microstructure development). "Application of control theory principles to optimization of grain size during hot extrusion," Materials Science and Technology, Vol 14, pp.25-31, Jan 1998.
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RALEIGH - Campbell Law School hosted 18 schools last weekend for the second annual North Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities Ethics Bowl.
Methodist University and Wake Forest University finished first and second respectively in the competition, which is designed to increase student awareness about applying ethics in leadership, decision-making, interpersonal relationships and other issues in today’s society. It’s purpose - to emphasize the importance of being able to apply ethical standards to situations students inevitably will face in their upcoming professional careers.
“Ethics Bowl offers our students an extraordinary opportunity to dialog with other top-notch students from around the state on real-life moral dilemmas,” said Campbell associate professor of theology and philosophy Adam English, who also heads Campbell’s ethics team. “In addition to that, they make invaluable connections with Raleigh business leaders who volunteer their time to serve as judges and moderators.”
The theme for this year’s competition was “Ethics in Communications,” and other competing schools included Chowan, Gardner-Webb, High Point, Johnson C. Smith, Livingstone College, Mars Hill College, Meredith College, Montreat College, Mount Olive College, Pfeiffer, St. Andrews, Saint Augustine’s, Salem College, Shaw and Wingate.
“The students put a great deal of time and effort in preparation for the competition,” said coordinator Nicole Porter of St. Augustine’s. Referring to one her students, Shanyria Cook, Porter said, “The competition helped her understand that being yourself and comfortable in your own skin is the best way to win.”
And hosting the competition was a benefit for Campbell University and its law school, according to Britt Davis, vice president for advancement at Campbell.
“Any time you’re able to host students of this caliber from 18 schools in our region, it’s a great opportunity to display what makes your institution great and unique,” Davis said. “I think the competitors enjoyed their time in Raleigh and were impressed with the hospitality provided by Campbell.”
Event sponsors included BB&T, Duke Energy, UPS and Wells Fargo AT&T, Burlington Industries /International Textile Group, Inc., Dominion NC Power, First Citizens Bank, Fidelity Investments, Martin Marietta Materials, Ads Infinitum, BCWH Architects, Piedmont Natural Gas and Theo Davis Printing.
PHOTO: (Pictured, left to right)From Campbell University, Dr. Ken Vandergriff, James Demmel (junior Religion/History), Jonathan Hines (junior Religion), Audrey Zopp (junior Psychology Pre-Law), Andrew Ryan Hall (junior Trust), Diamond Leggett (junior Biology) and Dr. Adam English.


The Regional Transportation Commission (RTC) of Washoe County is continuing the transformation of Virginia Street. There will be some upcoming changes to your commute as you head to Midtown Reno.
Starting on Tuesday, August 13, through fall 2019, construction operations on Virginia Street between Mt. Rose Street/Holcomb Avenue and Plumb Lane will switch from the east to the west side of the roadway. Drivers will be able to drive southbound only on Virginia Street between Mt. Rose Street/Holcomb Avenue and Regency Way. Two-way traffic will remain in place on Virginia Street north of Mt. Rose Street/Holcomb Avenue and south of Regency Way.
Construction continues on side streets in Midtown, including Tahoe Street, St. Lawrence Avenue, E. Taylor Street, Moran Street, Martin Street and Arroyo Street. Construction on Cheney Street and Caliente Street is anticipated to begin in late August, followed by Stewart Street in early September. No two consecutive side streets will be closed at the same time.
It’s business as usual in Midtown. Businesses are open and accessible during construction. Please continue to support Midtown businesses during construction.
About the Virginia Street Project:
The Virginia Street Bus RAPID Transit Extension Project will improve safety in the corridor and provide better access, enhanced transit service and mobility for everyone. This includes extending the RAPID Virginia Line from Midtown to UNR. The project represents an $87-million investment in the region.
- Summer through fall 2019 – Work on nine side streets in Midtown and work on Virginia Street from Mt. Rose Street/Holcomb Avenue to Plumb Lane.
- Winter 2019 through spring 2020 – Work on Virginia Street sidewalks and paving from Mt. Rose Street northward to Center Street.
- Spring through winter 2020 – Work on Virginia Street sidewalks and paving continuing northward to Liberty Street and the installation of a roundabout at Center Street.
- Spring 2020 through fall 2020 – University of Nevada, Reno, road work and transit stations begin.
The RTC’s project team will be working Mondays through Saturdays from 7 a.m. – 7 p.m. expedite construction operations. Completion of the entire project is expected to wrap up in winter of 2020, weather permitting.
The project is funded with fuel tax revenue, sales tax revenue, and federal funds.
For more information on the project, construction operations, business-support opportunities and more, please visit VirginiaStreetProject.com, text Virginia to 797979, or join the conversation on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram using #VirginiaStreetProject.


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ZCZC MIATCPAT5 ALL
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Tropical Storm Elsa Intermediate Advisory Number 37A
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For information on wind hazards north of the Tropical Storm Warning
area, please see products from your local weather office.
For storm information specific to your area, including possible
inland watches and warnings, please monitor products issued by your
local National Weather Service forecast office.
DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
At 800 AM EDT (1200 UTC), the center of Tropical Storm Elsa was
located near latitude 40.2 North, longitude 73.1 West. Elsa is
moving toward the northeast near 31 mph (50 km/h), and this general
motion is expected to continue with an increase in forward speed
during the next couple of days. On the forecast track, the
center of Elsa will move near or over eastern Long Island and the
coast of southern New England today, and then offshore the
northeastern United States coast by late this afternoon. The
system should move over Atlantic Canada by late tonight and
Maximum sustained winds are near 50 mph (85 km/h) with higher
gusts. No significant change in strength is expected through today.
Elsa is forecast to become a post-tropical cyclone by tonight.
Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 160 miles (260 km)
from the center. NOAA buoy 44066 located about 85 miles (140 km)
east of Long Beach, New Jersey recently measured a peak one-minute
sustained wind of 45 mph (72 km/h) and a gust to 49 mph (80 km/h).
The estimated minimum central pressure is 1000 mb (29.53 inches),
based on nearby surface observations.
HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
Key messages for Elsa can be found in the Tropical Cyclone
Discussion under AWIPS header MIATCDAT5, WMO header WTNT45 KNHC and
on the web at
WIND: Tropical storm conditions will spread into the warning area
over the northeastern U.S. coast this morning and continue through
early afternoon. Elsa is likely to bring gusty winds to portions
of Atlantic Canada tonight and Saturday after it becomes a
RAINFALL: Across northern New Jersey, Long Island, and southern and
coastal New England...2 to 4 inches of rain with isolated totals up
to 6 inches are possible through Friday, which could result in
considerable flash and urban flooding. Isolated minor river
flooding is also expected.
For the latest rainfall reports and wind gusts associated with
Tropical Storm Elsa, please visit the following link:
TORNADOES: A tornado or two will be possible through early afternoon
over parts of Long Island and southeastern New England.
Next complete advisory at 1100 AM EDT.

domain: news


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With scores of ancient ruins, wild landscapes and a rich history, Peru is one of the top travel destinations in the world. There are so many incredible places to visit and experiences to be had here. However, as with any place, it’s best to do your research and read up on some Peru travel tips to make your trip a little smoother.
From the restaurants and museums of Lima to the magnificent of Machu Picchu and the alluring Amazonian jungles, Peru has something to offer everyone. Whether it’s just packing more sunscreen or learning about altitude sickness, these Peru travel tips are sure to help you make the most out of your journey.
1. You cannot drink the tap water in Peru
One of the most important Peru travel tips to remember is that you can’t drink the tap water in Peru. So, be sure to stock up on enough bottled water for your days away from your hotel. Ask for either agua sin gas (still water) or agua con gas (sparkling). Also be sure to thoroughly wash any fruit that you plan to eat.
2. Keep a little cash on you at all times
While credit cards are widely accepted in cities like Lima, you’ll still need cash for any street markets and smaller towns. As Peru is famous for its handmade goods be sure to keep a little cash with you in case you spot something you absolutely must buy. Another major reason to keep some change is if you want to use the public bathrooms at historical sites, which require a fee.
3. Learn basic Spanish before you go
It’s always important to learn a few basic phrases in the local language. Even if most places frequented by tourists will have someone who speaks in English, it is sure to go a long way with the locals. Words to know:
- Hello – Hola
- Goodbye – Adios
- Good morning – Buenos dias
- Good afternoon – Buenos tardes
- Good night – Buenos noches
- Please – Por favor
- Thank you – Gracias
- You’re welcome – De nada
- I’m sorry – Lo siento
- Excuse me – Disculpe
- I don’t understand – No entiendo
- Do you speak English? – Habla Ingles?
- I don’t speak Spanish – No hablo Espanol
- How much? – Cuanto cuentas?
- Where is…? – Dondo esta…?
- Check – La cuenta
- Bathroom – Bano
- What’s your name – Cono te llamas?
- Can I have…? – Puendo tener…?
- How are you? – Como estas?
Of course, you could just download the Spanish add-on on the Google Translate app.
4. Don’t flush the toilet paper
Plumbing in Peru isn’t always the greatest so be prepared to throw your toilet paper in the garbage instead of flushing it down. This may not always be necessary, so look out for signs telling you to do so.
5 Try the local food, especially in Lima
Lima is one of the food capitals of the world, so be sure to try out some of the local cuisine. Brush up on restaurants and make reservations in advance for most popular places. Try the corn crisps (cancha chullpi), the lomo saltado (stir-fried steak and veggies), and the alcoholic Pisco Sours, a local speciality made with egg whites. Also, remember to tip 10% at restaurants
Also Read: Top 6 Food Destinations Around The World
6. Don’t just stick to Lima and Machu Picchu
While Lima and Machu Picchsomee some of the most spectacular and popular places to see in Peru, there is much more to the country. Explore the historic Cusco region, or Lake Titicaca, the largest lake in South America, the Cotahuasi Canyon which is world’s deepest canyon, or the spectacular Nazca Desert.
Also Read: Top 11 Things To See In Cusco, Peru
7. Be aware of the symptoms of altitude sickness
Altitude sickness (called soroche in South America) occurs when you climb to high elevations too quickly without giving your body time to adjust to reduced oxygen and changes in air pressure. It is quite common in those visiting high-altitude places like Cusco and Machu Picchu. Symptoms include: headaches, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, trouble sleeping, and lightheadedness.
8. How to avoid altitude sickness
The best way to prevent altitude sickness is to allow your body to adjust to the decreased levels of oxygen at high-altitude locations such as Cusco which is 11,200 feet above sea level. To do this:
- Take it easy on your first day in Cusco – don’t do anything strenuous. Your body needs time to adapt, so just relax for a bit, and maybe catch up on some sleep
- If you’re going to Machu Picchu (7,970 ft) or Vinicunca, the Rainbow Mountain (17,000 ft), spend a day or two in Cusco first to acclimate
- Drink LOTS of water while you’re there, as being hydrated helps prevent altitude sickness.
- Avoid alcohol (at least for the first few days) as it tends to dehydrate you
- Have coca leaves and coca tea, a traditional Peruvian antidote to altitude sickness. They are a mild stimulant (much like coffee) that can be found at restaurants, hotels, and most pharmacies. You can also try some Andean mint tea which has similar properties.
- If you do start to feel symptoms, descent to a lower level (such as the Sacred Valley and Ollantaytambo). If they persist, be sure to contact a doctor.
- Ask your doctor for altitude medication before you travel, and start taking the pills the day before you reach. They contain Acetazolamide which can reduce mild symptoms. [Warning: by doing so, it can also mask warning signs of more severe cases]
9. Do your research about getting around Lima
Lima, like most big cities, can be both confusing and dangerous for a newcomer. You need to know which barrios to avoid and other things that not to do before you go. Its buses and public transport can be very confusing to decipher, so taxis, especially Uber, are an excellent way to get around. It is both cheap and reliable, just make sure that the taxi is registered.
10. Book tickets to Machu Picchu ahead of time
Machu Picchu is one of the most popular travel destinations in Peru, as well as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. However, with only a few trains travelling there from Ollantaytambo and Urubamba, seats can sell out very quickly. Be sure to buy your PeruRail tickets ahead of time, as well as your tickets to the main attraction itself, as only a limited number of people are allowed each day.
Be sure to buy your tickets to Machu Picchu ahead of time
11. Prepare for how quickly the weather changes
The weather in Peru can be quite unpredictable. Especially in winters, the day can turn from warm and sunny into a rainy and windy with little to no warning. The nights also tend to be quite cold, especially at high altitudes. So be sure to be prepared for rain, sun, and cold when you pack.
12. Get travel insurance
As with any major trip abroad, consider getting travel insurance. Though the country is generally quite safe, its good to have a backup plan, especially if you plan to partake in daring adventure activities. It’ll be very useful if you end up needing medical care or transfers back to the big city. Always be sure to read the fine print before purchasing any policy.
Are there any Peru travel tips that we’ve missed? If so, be sure to share them in the comments below.


The future of the Troy Park Tennis Center, envisioned as Maryland's largest tennis facility, has grown murky as advocates continue to search for hard-to-find funding five years after the $44 million undertaking was first proposed.
The 8,000-seat tennis stadium was expected to be finished this summer, but has been delayed by a lack of funding. That delay, in turn, has put off construction of Troy Hill Regional Park, a separate 24-acre multi-million-dollar capital project in Elkridge, that is to be home to the tennis center.
County officials say they can't move forward with plans to build the park without knowing for certain if the center will be built.
"Until we know more in that direction, we're hesitant to start the park development project, because it could change," Howard County Department of Recreation and Parks Director John Byrd said. "We just want to make sure that whatever project we move forward with is the right one, that it's going to be economically viable and that it's going to fit in with the rest of the uses of the community park."
When the Howard County Tennis Patrons, the group that is spearheading the center, asked County Executive Ken Ulman for funding for the tennis center, Ulman asked that the Maryland Stadium Authority verify the proposed center's profitability before the county committed money.
The Maryland Stadium Authority accepted Ulman's request June 14. Budget committees from the state Senate and House of Delegates, which meet year-round, must also approve the study because it uses $35,000 in state funds.
Gary McGuigan, a project executive with the Stadium Authority, said the study will begin immediately after the budget committees' anticipated approval, which is expected within the next month, and the study will be completed "sometime this winter."
Art Tollick, president of the Tennis Patrons, said financing for the center has been an unexpectedly difficult struggle. Over the past year, the group has looked for both private and public funding.
Tennis Patrons has raised $1.3 million in the past four years, which was used to pay for pre-construction expenses. However, that sum is a far short of the total $44 million needed to complete the project.
Tollick couldn't begin searching for funding until the Tennis Patrons finalized a 40-year lease with the county for 14 acres inside Troy Hill park in August 2010. The lease negotiating process took more than a year.
"The process has taken far longer to work through than we hoped or anticipated, (which) has then led us to the current economic times and lending being a little more difficult to secure these days," said Lynn Coddington, executive director of the Maryland chapter of the U.S. Tennis Association.
Supporters agree that if the center were to receive a positive review from the Stadium Authority, funding will be much easier to obtain. Quick funding will be necessary because the county can terminate the Tennis Patrons' lease if the group doesn't have funding commitments within a month of the study's completion.
"The fact that the Stadium Authority is even willing to lend its name to get the study done is really good news," said Del. Guy Guzzone, a Columbia Democrat whose district includes the site for the proposed center. "With the study in hand from the Stadium Authority, they'll be able to shop around for some funding."
Host of amenities
If built, the complex will include 18 outdoor and 12 indoor courts, an 8,000-seat multi-sport stadium — the 10th largest tennis-specific venue in the country, Tollick said — with a DecoTurf surface (the same surface used for the U.S. Open), a 2,500-seat exhibition court, a clubhouse and offices for the U.S. Tennis Association. Construction is expected to take two years.
When built, Tollick expects the center to host the Mid-Atlantic Women's Tennis Championships, an international-level event in the Women's Tennis Association. This year, the tournament is being played July 23-31 in College Park. He also also said it could attract a U.S. Open tune-up or qualifying tournament. Additionally, the uncovered 8,000-seat stadium can be used for beach volleyball and basketball tournaments, Tollick said.
A 2008 feasibility conducted at the request of the Tennis Patrons determined that in its first three years, the center's event facilities — the large stadiums — would yield 174,730 visitors and 78,340 one-night hotel stays, bringing in more than $54 million to the surrounding area.
That study predicted that the center would make an average of $5.5 million in ticket profits each of its first three years, which would translate into about $611,000 in ticket tax revenue for the county.
"There is no risk," Tollick said. "Our numbers show that there's plenty of income to support any financing. They show a great positive economic impact not only to the county, but to the state."
"We're confident it will happen eventually. ... The question is whether there is any financial support from a government entity, or will we have to use just our own credit," Tollick said.
Laura Newman, recently appointed director of the Howard County Economic Development Authority, said that while there's a "difficult economic climate right now," the tennis center will likely bring a lot of business to the county.
"It's a very impressive plan they put together, it's a well-thought-out plan," Newman said. "From an economic development perspective, I don't think there are any question about whether it would bring business to the county."
County funding possible
Byrd said that if the results of the Stadium Authority's study are favorable, the county will likely take a second look at partially funding the project.
"We're hoping it validates all of Art's hard work," Byrd said. Byrd agreed with Tollick that the center "would be a great asset to the county economically" and said it would "enhance" the county's "ability to promote tennis."
"It's a great location, obviously, with the access to I-95 and Route 100 and being in between Washington and Baltimore," Byrd said of the center. If built, the center will be located at 9500 Mansion Lane, which is less than a mile off of Route 1.
Coddington said that the center would please Howard County tennis players, who feel there aren't enough public courts in the county.
"There are not enough courts to meet the population of tennis players in Howard County," Coddington said. "It would really be a boon and help tennis grow in Howard County as well as in the region."
Of the plans for the center, Coddington said there is "nothing comparable" in the state. She said that currently, most regional competitions are played out of state.
"Our players are often having to travel to Virginia to compete in regional tournaments, so we'd love to have them in Maryland and showcase Maryland and have a regional advantage," she said.
Guzzone, who has supported the center since it was proposed in 2006, said that he is hopeful the Stadium Authority will back it.
"This is a big project and it's a complicated project, but I think it's one that will be quite a feather in our cap should we be able to pull it off," he said. "To have that kind of facility that will attract the major names in professional tennis is a big deal."