Hi all, I recently dropped my pan and did the trans filter on my Trooper. I thought I'd write up the process in case anyone would find it helpful.
Transmission filter replacement, 1999 Isuzu Trooper, 4L30E automatic transmission.
No joke, this is the messiest project you will ever do to your Trooper, period. Get a box of rubber gloves, a container large enough to hold 5-8 qts of fluid, and maybe a cheap plastic drop cloth for your workspace. I had an old shower curtain I tossed out after doing this. A bag of cheap cat litter is helpful as well. Wear old clothes, you will be pretty much bathing in ATF.
Tools: 1/4 and 1/2 drive socket wrenches, 10, 12, 17, 18mm sockets, a 4" 1/2 drive extension, a cheater/breaker bar, hammer and soft chisel (in case the pan sticks).
Two cans brake cleaner, RTV sealant, automotive weatherstripping adhesive (optional, but helpful), 1 case of Dextron III automatic trans fluid, 1 filter kit (filter and pan gasket), PB blaster or other penetrating lube, six-pack of Sierra Nevada ESB (or non alcoholic equiv.)
I'm going off of memory here, so the bolt sizes I have listed are quite possibly wrong.
If you have even a modest lift (I have 3" in the rear) You should be able to perform this task without jacking your truck up. If not, jack the front and place it on jackstands. Chock the rear wheels.
There's a suprising number of wires and sensors inside the pan. Disconnect the negative battery terminal to be safe. I did not know about the wires, so I did not do this step and it came out ok; however, I would err on the side of caution if I did this task again.
Read the rest of these instructions and identify the bolts for the skid plate and crossmember. Hit these with a healthy spray of penetrating lube so they can soak while you drain the transmission.
Drain the transmission into a sutable container. You can continue the next steps while it drains.
Remove the transfer case skid plate if you have one (4 17mm bolts)
(***optional: You have unrestricted access to the drain and fill holes to the transfer case now, may as well check/replace the fluid since you're already going to be bathing in ATF.***)
remove the transfer case mount nuts from the crossmember. They are located inside recessed holes just under the transfer case about 4" apart (2 18mm? nuts). My holes were clogged with mud making them dificult to find.
Loosen (->DO NOT REMOVE THEM YET<-) the eight bolts that hold the crossmember to the frame (4 each side, 17mm)
Place a small jack under the differential to support it. Once you remove the crossmember, the transfer case will fall unless supported.
loosen the last bolt on the passender side of the crossmember to about 1" out. you want the crossmember to swing down once the other side is unbolted, but not come completely free. Theres a small wiring clip on this side and this will allow you access to the back of the transmission pan bolts without having to remove that wiring clip.
Remove the drivers side bolt, carefully swinging the crossmember down and out of the way. If the wires on the passenger side look strained, maybe support the member with a brick or something. You finally have unrestricted access to the transmission pan.
(***optional: at this point, you have great access to your transmission range mode sensor. If you've never removed and cleaned your sensor, this is a great time to do it ***)
Using a short extension on your wrench to clear the pan, remove the two-dozen or so 10mm bolts from the pan by first breaking them free, working in a cross pattern (losen one on one side, then one on the opposite side, etc), then remove the bolts. Clean the bolts with brake cleaner and set aside.
My pan was pretty well stuck to the tranny and needed a little assistance with a hammer and soft chisel to seperate them. If you do this, work slowly and carefully so as not to damage the mating surfaces.
Throughly clean the remaining gasket material from the pan and the transmission. This actually took the longest time for me out of all of these steps. Make sure you get it all, If the gasket does not seal, you'll be doing this all over again.
Remove 4 12mm bolts holding the filter on. Pop the old filter off and check to make sure theres no old gasket remaining on the return hole under the filter
Scrub the pan, inside and out, especially the magnet finish with brake cleaner to eliminate any moisture. Spray off the bottom of the trans with brake cleaner as well, making sure you flush those bits of old gasket away and allow to dry.
put a thin bead of weatherstrip adheasive on the pan and line up your gasket on it. Don't use silicon gasket stuff as its slick and the gasket will slide when you try to install the pan. Make sure you put the magnet back in the pan.
Bolt the filter to the transmission firmly.. Don't overtighten, its plastic.
Bolt the pan to the transmission. I used a dab of RTV gasket sealant on the threads of each bolt to keep them from vibrating loose over time. As you tighten the bolts, remember to use a cross pattern again, starting with the corners, then moving back and forth so that the stress is distributed across the gasket surface evenly.
Reinstall the crossmember and transfer case mounting nuts. You will need to take your time and line up the studs on the mount with the holes on the member. Once its all bolted up tight, remove the xfer case jack.
Remove the upper fill plug on the trans pan and fill with as much dextron III as it will hold. I have a 1 gallon container with a plastic pump top and hose that I specificly bought for pumping transmission fluid up into this thing. It took just aunder a gallon for me to get to this point. However you choose to do it, make sure you fill the pan to the top before starting the truck.
Start the truck. While the truck is running, go back to filling the transmission, as the fluid will have started to work through the system, lowering the pan level. Again, fill until fluid dribbles out of the upper hole. Reinstall the fill plug.
Do not reinstall the skid plates yet. Lower the truck from jackstands if need be. Take the truck for a short drive, warming up the transmission.
LEAVE THE TRUCK RUNNING when you get back, set the emergency brake and block the wheels
. Crawl under and check the pan for leaks. If there are no leaks, remove the fill bolt again and pump more fluid in there. You simply can't overfill this trans as it will overflow out the hole. Make sure you get a nice dribble of fluid before you plug it up again.
Reinstall the fill plug, shut truck off. Reinstall skid plate. Check for leaks again. I took my truck to a carwash and hosed the fluid off of everything under the truck so I could see leaks better.
hope this helps someone


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Wildside Film Screening
Wildside is an extraordinary garden in Devon, U.K. created by Keith & Ros Wiley. It is one of the most innovative and inspired gardens in Britain.
The film Wildside captures the creation and evolution of the garden over the last 19 years by Keith Wiley, in collaboration with his wife Ros until her death in 2019.
Keith is a masterful plantsman with a deep understanding of plant communities and how to combine plants that share the same requirements, based on his extensive travels around the world. Ros was an accomplished artist. This film tells the story of a unique coming together of artistic vision and an acute understanding of the ecology of garden plants.
Annie Guilfoyle & Noel Kingsbury of Garden Masterclass were keen to document the garden. They commissioned filmmaker John Campbell to create the film.
Wildside premiered in April, 2023 at Yeo Valley Organic Garden in Somerset, England. This showing of Wildside is the first screening in North America.
This screening is hosted by Chanticleer Garden and Radnor Memorial Library.
Film length is 1 hour and 40 minutes, followed by Q&A.
Please register for our event.
Registration will close 24 hours before the event.
Radnor Memorial Library
114 West Wayne Avenue
Wayne, PA 19087
The Winsor Room is in the lower level of the Library.
- Wednesday, July 12, 2023
- 6:30pm - 8:30pm
- Time Zone:
- Eastern Time - US & Canada (change)
- Winsor Room
- Radnor Memorial Library
The Radnor Memorial Library provides access to information, programs, collections and resources to satisfy the intellectual and information needs of all members of our community, and serves as our community front porch, which enhances our quality of life.
Mon: 9 am - 9 pm
Tue: 9 am - 9 pm
Wed: 9 am - 9 pm
Thu: 9 am - 9 pm
Fri: 9 am - 6 pm
Sat: 9 am - 5 pm
Sun: 1 pm - 5 pm

domain: library


text:
Intres weaving table with legs, with an original and modern design. The special zig-zag legs in painted metal give a light and youthful line that enhances the dining table.
Fixed modern table with the possibility of being extended thanks to the insertion of extensions. This table is available with a top in two different sizes and customizable in wood, laminate, melamine and ecomalta shades. The extendable version has the possibility of inserting up to a maximum of two extensions of 50 cm each that can be stored separately, for a greater space of hospitality and a better comfort for the guests.
The original contemporary woven base and the solid traditional top, give the table a unique and design look, ideal for a living room.
Fixed and extendable design table measures H. 76 cm:
Seats expressed are indicative and represent the maximum number available, which depend on the width of the chairs.
Top and extensions:
made of 3 cm thick textured melamine or ecomalta, ceramic, veneer and 4 cm thick lacquer.
archaic, but functional support, made from pressed steel, inside which runs an extension support tube, which must be placed apart from the table.

domain: artistic


text:
ings in the United States, and it is administered in two data-collection stages: a Building Characteristics Survey and an Energy Suppliers Survey. During the first stage of the data collection, interviewers visit the buildings selected into the sample and ask a representative of the building, such as the building’s owner, manager, or other knowledgeable person to complete the survey. During the second stage of the data collection, the energy suppliers of buildings that were not able to provide adequate information in the first stage are contacted to obtain actual usage and expenditure data from the supplier’s records.
There is little comprehensive information about the stock of commercial buildings in the United States, and EIA indicated that the lack of a comprehensive national list of commercial buildings or another suitable source from which to select a sample of buildings to interview is one of the major challenges for the CBECS data collection. Because no complete list of buildings is available to use as a sampling frame, EIA builds a new area probability sampling frame for the CBECS on a decennial basis. The frame is based on field listings of commercial buildings within specified geographic areas. This sampling frame is updated between each data collection. However, field listings are resource intensive and relying on sources that are not comprehensive for updating the sampling frame leads to coverage problems.
The CBECS sample design has undergone numerous revisions over the years, as EIA has attempted to address the cost and coverage issues, but most rounds of the CBECS have relied on a combination of an area frame and a list frame, based on existing lists of commercial buildings from a variety of sources and added at the second stage of the area frame sample. The primary sampling units have been counties or groups of counties, within which smaller geographic areas were randomly selected. All commercial buildings were listed and stratified within these smaller areas, and then a sample of buildings was randomly selected from each stratum. This approach was supplemented with information from existing building lists from other sources to ensure adequate representation of buildings that were of special interest because of their size or type of primary activity.
For the 2007 administration of the CBECS, the 2003 sampling frame had to be updated. At the recommendation of the data collection contractor, the National Opinion Research Center (NORC), the update was based on a U.S. Postal Service (USPS) Delivery Sequence File (DSF) purchased

domain: geography


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New Year’s Eve is almost upon us, and there’s that constant, buzzing pressure of ‘What do I do for NYE?’ ‘What do I wear?’ etc etc. I have no plans yet, and don’t intend on doing much, but I can tell you 5 things I won’t be doing to see in the new year this 31st December:
- Going to London to see the fireworks – been there, done that, couldn’t see a damn thing! And let’s not get into the trying to get home fiasco…
- Going to a local bar/club/pub – I don’t want to be charged to go to my local ‘Spoons. It’s just NYE – same drinks available, same decor, but you want to charge me £20 to get in? No, ta!
- Having a fancy dinner somewhere – again, just because it’s NYE, I’m charged triple? WHY!? I’ll come back tomorrow and pay normal price, thanks.
- Watching Hogmanay/fireworks around the world – it’d be nice to know when it’s ‘officially’ 2016, but I don’t have a TV license, so no can do
- Getting wasted – I fully intend on doing a 5km ParkRun on New Year’s Day, so I’d prefer no hangover for that. Find your nearest ParkRun course here: http://www.parkrun.org.uk/
Don’t get me wrong, I love going out and having a fun time, of course, but on NYE? It feels a bit forced, and like I MUST have fun BECAUSE it’s NYE (and I’m usually being charged for the pleasure), so this year, I’m probably just going to stay in and watch a bit of Netflix with a cuppa. Rock n’ Rollin straight into 2016!
Have a great New Year’s Eve, whatever you plan to do, and bring in 2016 in the best way possible. See you on the other side… 🙂

domain: hobby


text:
IT'S ALL GOOD!
This LIMITED EDITION sweatshirt is part of good hYOUman's newest tie-dye collection. Each piece in the collection is hand-dyed using their "alligator" tie-dye technique, resulting in a top as unique as YOU!
This vintage inspired pullover features raglan sleeves and is stitched in their three end terry fabric. The perfect crew neck that hangs just right—you can wear The Smith for your outdoor adventures or when you're comfortable on that couch of yours!
"India Ink Alligator" is a striated tie-dye technique featuring a grey-blue dye on the light grey Smith long sleeve sweatshirt. The words IT'S ALL GOOD are printed on the front of the garment in navy blue ink.
67% Cotton // 33% Rayon // Machine Wash Cold // Hang to Dry


A Milton Keynes road is set to be shut over the weekend while work takes place at a level crossing.
Network Rail will be carrying out the work at the railway crossing on Brickhill Street, Bow Brickhill.
As a result the road will be closed between Caldecotte Lake Drive and Station Road from 11pm on Saturday, February 12, until 4am on February 14.
Read More: Helicopter hit by bird while over Bucks
A traffic diversion will be in place.
A road closure order from Milton Keynes Council states: "Whilst the above length of road is closed the alternative route will be via the Brickhill Street, H10Bletcham Way, A5 (southbound) and Brickhill Street (and vice versa).
"There will be no exemptions from the provisions of the proposed Order except for emergency service vehicles on operational duties."
Do you want the latest traffic news from across Buckinghamshire as it comes in? Our traffic and travel Facebook group has the latest information for anyone on the road across the county every day.
You can join here for the latest updates on the M1, M40, A5, A404, A41 and other key routes across all of Bucks.
You can also sign up for our free daily email newsletter here - and we have a dedicated weekly one for Milton Keynes.


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As the global focus of trade shifts to Asia, is it time for erstwhile rivals China, India, Japan and South Korea to turn over a new leaf? Eleanor Wragg reports.
Driven by the exporting powerhouses of China, India, Japan and South Korea, the 21st century of trade belongs to Asia. But a heady mix of economic interdependence and mutual distrust among these four nations sees them jostling for primacy. Growing pressures in the west, from Brexit to the Trump administration’s attacks on Nafta and withdrawal of the US from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) mean Asia’s economic giants must take up the mantle for free trade and globalisation in order to meet their goals of strengthening their economies and raising living standards for the almost 40% of the global population that lives within their borders.
Work is already underway: large-scale free trade agreements between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) and China, Japan, South Korea and India are laying the foundations for greater regional economic integration, but for these Asian giants, balancing interests is far from plain sailing.
Thanks to China’s manufacturing might, India’s strength in services, South Korea’s strong industrial base and Japan’s monolithic conglomerates, these four nations have become a force to be reckoned with. China and India are now the world’s fastest-growing big economies. The Middle Kingdom is also the world’s second-largest economy, followed by Japan. Meanwhile, although South Korea’s economy may be smaller – currently ranked 11th – it is the world’s largest investor into R&D, spending 5% of GDP on research as it works to innovate its way to economic growth. It also ranks highest among its rivals for export weight in its economy, with exports in goods and services accounting for over 42% of GDP.
What’s more, the countries are increasingly tied together, economically speaking, as the May 2017 declaration by the finance ministers of China, Japan and Korea at the G20 summit made clear. “We will continue a high degree of communication and co-ordination among China, Japan and Korea to cope with possible financial instability in the context of increased uncertainty of the global economy and geopolitical tensions,” the communiqué said.
A tangled web of relationships
However, with increased co-operation comes increased competition: Japan’s proposal on the sidelines of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)’s annual gathering in Yokohama to set up bilateral swap arrangements to enable it to provide yen funds in times of financial stress to Southeast Asian nations was seen less as an altruistic move and more of a strategic one to counter China’s previously-made bilateral currency swap arrangements with about 30 countries.
Indeed, the web of relationships between and among China, India, Japan and South Korea could best be described as tangled. From China’s dim view of South Korean co-operation in the US Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) missile defence project, to South Korea’s disquiet at China’s leverage over the North Korean regime, to a recent standoff between Indian and Chinese troops at the disputed border region of Doklam, to numerous acrimonious territorial disputes over the South China Sea, East China Sea and the Liancourt Rocks in the Sea of Japan, the countries have a far-from- neighbourly relationship.
This rivalry has come into increasing focus in recent years, as beating each other in their home markets becomes a source of national pride. Systematic investment has seen Korea’s Samsung and LG crush Japan’s Sony’s supremacy in the TV and smartphone industries. Meanwhile, all three companies have slashed prices by as much as 40% in the Indian market in order to edge out India’s Micromax and keep Chinese firms Huawei, Xiaomi and LeEco at bay. There’s a lot at stake: the OECD estimates that by 2030, Asia will account for almost two-thirds of global middle-class consumption, and any company able to boost market share stands to reap the rewards.
Trade and investment battles reach far into the Asian continent. “We see competition between China and Japan, especially in Southeast Asia; they are vying to export their goods, technology and lending to Southeast Asian countries,” says Mark Wong, managing director of credit, political and security risks for Asia at insurance firm JLT. “The two main countries that have attracted a lot of interest from both the Chinese and the Japanese of late are Vietnam and Indonesia, where in megaprojects, you see one consortium being Chinese, and the other being Japanese.”
China’s One Belt, One Road project, coupled with its fast-growing presence in infrastructure finance, has rattled Japanese policymakers, who are concerned that
the Chinese-backed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) may overshadow the Japan-backed ADB. “The economic rivalry between China and Japan largely plays out through bilateral relationships each country has with key partners, such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative,” says Rajiv Biswas, Asia Pacific chief economist at IHS Markit.
It’s not just the immediate region which is subject to tussles for dominance. An Asian scramble for Africa is well underway, as the fast-growing economies seek commodities, food and energy resources to support their development. From being roughly neck-and-neck in terms of trade with Africa at the turn of the millennium, China has now raced ahead of India, dominating the continent’s infrastructure investments – and getting favourable access to raw materials to fuel its domestic growth in return.
Not to be outdone, Japan, which through the Japan International Co-operation Agency (JICA) has poured overseas development assistance into countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo since as far back as the 1970s, has signed a number of deals with the Kenyan government to expand and improve the port of Mombasa and surrounding logistics links. But, to Japan’s likely annoyance, just down the coast in Tanzania, China is now developing Bagamoyo Port, which will present direct competition to Mombasa, with the capacity to handle 20 million containers a year, dwarfing the current capacity of any other port in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Given their oftentimes uneasy diplomatic relationship, it is unsurprising that these trading behemoths tend to use exports and investment as political weapons.
“Japanese exports to China were hit in 2012 by a political dispute over competing sovereign territorial claims over several islets in the East China Sea, which resulted in a period of anti-Japanese riots in China and a significant Chinese consumer backlash against Japanese goods such as cars and food products,” says Biswas.
He adds that South Korea’s economy is also highly vulnerable to bilateral Chinese political and economic relations as China is South Korea’s biggest customer, buying around 25% of its exports and accounting
for almost half of its inbound tourist visits. “China’s economic measures in response to South Korea’s installation of US THAAD missiles to counter the North Korean missile threat have had an impact on the South Korean economy in H1 2017, notably due to a significant drop in Chinese tourism visitors.”
On the plus side, “India’s bilateral trade relations with Japan and South Korea are set to expand in line with India’s fast-growing economy”, says Biswas. He points
to recent joint naval exercises between Japan and India, but cautions that the security relationship is at an early stage. “It is unclear how the bilateral security relationship will develop. Both Japan and South Korea are primarily focused on their defence and security ties with the US, which is their key military ally.”
The India-China relationship is arguably the most strained – Indian Air Force chief Arup Raha recently called China “the single major security challenge to India’s growing interest in the Asia Pacific region”, accusing it of trying to thwart the rise of his country and forcing India into a perpetual balancing act against China among its neighbours. This has been reflected in trade figures.
“The difficult political relationship over many decades between China and India saw Indian exports to China account for only around 3.6% of total Indian exports in the 2016-17 fiscal year,” says Max Zenglein, research associate at the Mercator Institute for China Studies (Merics).
The best-laid plans
Inspired by Germany’s Industrie 4.0 initiative, Beijing’s Made in China 2025 roadmap, unveiled in 2015, seeks to “upgrade China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality”, according to a statement by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, and will involve a far-reaching upgrade of Chinese industry so that it can occupy the highest parts of global production chains. The plan pinpoints a dizzying array of market sectors in which China hopes to become an international leader, from integrated circuits to robotics, aircraft engines and intelligent vehicles, and objectives include lifting the domestically produced content of components used in China to 70%, up from less than 30% currently. Whether by coincidence or design, many of these sectors are those in which Japanese and Korean firms currently enjoy dominance.
“Japan and Korea are particularly exposed to the Made in China 2025 strategy. It specifically targets the backbone of manufacturing in those countries,” says Zenglein. He adds that the strategy threatens to favour Chinese suppliers within China at the expense of foreign suppliers. “Globally it may also lead to the build-up of new industrial overcapacities, for example in the area of robots.”
However, analysts at Japanese bank Mizuho are more pragmatic about the threat. In a paper put together by Yongyu Shao, an economist in its China business promotion division, the bank said that “China is expected to face numerous difficulties and challenges in implementing Made in China 2025. The biggest of these are the lack of awareness of the need for innovation and a shortage of technicians, including systems development engineers, which have long plagued China’s manufacturing industry. In consequence, China has been unable to establish its own technology infrastructure, which is hampering both technology transfer and the diffusion and penetration process and weakening the nation’s international competitiveness.”
The bank goes as far as to forecast that the plan could even lead to greater economic co-operation, with new business opportunities and growth in investment co- operation in the manufacturing and manufacturing service sectors of Asia.
China is not the only country with a big plan. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Make in India initiative, launched in September 2014 as part of a wider set of nation-building initiatives, has been devised to transform India into a global design and manufacturing hub. With one of the plan’s objectives to boost the ability of Indian manufacturers to compete against their Asian rivals, earlier this year China’s official media warned India of countermeasures if the Modi government gives in to appeals from Indian firms to increase supplementary levies against mobile handsets from Chinese companies.
Indeed, some of the biggest winners of Make in India are Chinese: the launch of the plan resulted in a ramping- up of Chinese investment into the country, reaching a total of US$1.54bn in the period up to December 2016, as companies took advantages of new policies to set up factories. Among these inflows is handset manufacturer Huawei Technologies, which recently spent US$170mn on an R&D centre in Bangalore.
To policymakers in each of the four countries, it is becoming increasingly clear that slotting together their complementary strengths is preferable to attempting to go it alone, and there are early indications of a shift in approach. One example is the Japan External Trade Organisation’s (Jetro) recently unveiled plans to promote partnerships between Japanese and Indian companies going into Africa. The aim, to combine the experience and knowledge of Indian firms in the African market with the technical and funding capabilities of Japanese companies, is in line with a joint statement issued by Japan and India in November last year that underscored “the importance of India-Japan dialogue to promote co- operation and collaboration in Africa, with the objective to synergise efforts and explore specific joint projects”.
Meanwhile, in an apparent about-face, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has indicated that his country is now ready to co-operate with China’s OBOR initiative, under certain conditions. He has also reportedly expressed willingness to consider Japan joining the AIIB, a move which would go some way toward positioning Japan and China as partners, rather than opponents, in the fight for global influence through development finance.
These top-level linkages have been accompanied by a flurry of co-operation between corporations. In September 2016, Chinese conglomerate Dalian Wanda Group closed a significant co-financing deal with Sony Pictures that will see the Chinese firm take stakes in some of Sony’s films. The move both strengthens Sony’s presence in the huge Chinese domestic market and gives Dalian Wanda a leg-up into the film business – a win-win.
Meanwhile, a May visit to Beijing by a delegation of Indian IT companies led by the National Association of Software and Services Companies saw the participation of 20 Chinese state-owned companies, including Sinopec, State Grid, China Unicom, Dongfeng Motors, and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.
Speaking at the meetings, the Indian embassy’s deputy chief of mission Amit Narang underscored the immense potential for collaboration between Chinese state-owned enterprises and Indian IT companies and the need for both countries to leverage their respective competitive advantages for mutual benefit. As China seeks to transform its economic driver from manufacturing to services, the injection of high-tech Indian IT skills might be just the ticket, and would also go some way towards reducing the two countries’ bilateral trade imbalance, which reached US$52bn last year in favour of China.
South Korea’s relationship with Japan remains tetchy, with Korean foreign minister Kang Kyung Wha recently announcing plans to launch a task force re-examining a 2015 reparations deal from Japan over World War II-era Korean ‘comfort women’, who were forced into prostitution by occupying Japanese forces. Its ties with China fare little better. That said, a call between Chinese President Xi Jinping and Korean President Moon Jae-In in May this year led to an apparent thaw between the two administrations, with signs that Seoul and Beijing are seeking to reconcile their differences. And with growing aggression from North Korea, Japan and South Korea’s governments have had to put deeper tensions aside in order to focus on more immediate matters.
“Despite the episodes of political tensions and potential short-term impact effects on trade, the trade and investment linkages between China, Japan and South Korea are very deep and are expected to continue to grow over the medium to long term despite potential trade disruptions due to flare ups of political tensions,” says Zenglein.
Much like quarrelsome siblings, China, Japan, South Korea and India have more common goals than they do antagonistic objectives. Whether they will succeed in putting their differences aside to the benefit of economic development is still to be seen, but as the Asian century takes shape, more co-operation on every front is almost inevitable.

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NEW YORK NEWS
R’ Shimmy Benabou, a well-known Crown Heights businessman and entrepreneur in the food retail business, passed away Shabbos at the age of 49. Benabou was the founder of Koshertown on the corner of Albany and Empire, which turned from a corner store to a block supermarket with a cafe and Shabbos takeout. Benabou, who was known as a tremendous ba’al tzedakah, was honored as hundreds of people lined up on the service lane of Eastern Parkway to mourn his passing.
Former Mayor Bill de Blasio has been named a visiting teaching fellow at Harvard University this fall semester. De Blasio, who served two terms as NYC Mayor, will be joining the Institute of Politics at the Harvard Kennedy School and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. During his time as a fellow, he will focus on issues such as early childhood education and leading through a pandemic. “I am happy to join the IOP to help inspire our nation’s next generation of leaders to find ways to serve in politics and public service, and to build a government that serves working people,” de Blasio said.
The New York Mets surprised and delighted fans with the retirement of Willie Mays’ number 24. The promise that the “Say Hey Kid” would be the last to wear the number for the Mets was 50 years in the making, when former Mets owner Joan Whitney Payson brought Mays back to New York from the San Francisco Giants in 1972, the twilight of his career. Mays, who played for the Giants in New York from 1951-57, stayed with the club when they moved to the West Coast. Mays, 91, was unable to attend the ceremony, as he is recovering from hip surgery. In a statement read to the crowd, he said, “I can never forget the way it felt to return to New York to play for all the loyal Mets fans. I’m tremendously proud I ended my career in Queens with the Mets during the ‘73 World Series. It’s an honor to have my number retired in my two favorite cities -- New York and San Francisco. New York was a magical place to play baseball.”
President Joe Biden announced that the federal government would forgive $10,000 of student loans for anyone making under $125,000 per year, or any married couple making under $250,000. Pell Grant recipients are eligible for an additional $10,000 loan forgiveness. The plan, which was a campaign promise of Biden’s, could cost anywhere between $300 billion and $1 trillion, depending on how many borrowers take advantage. “All of this means people can start to finally crawl out from under that mountain of debt to get on top of their rent and their utilities, to finally think about buying a home or starting a family or starting a business,” Biden Said.
The California Air Resources Board announced that the state of California will not allow the sale of new gas-powered cars starting in the year 2035. The move, a first in the nation, was hailed by Governor Gavin Newsom as “one of the most significant steps to the elimination of the tailpipe as we know it.” California, as the most populous state, is hoping that their actions force American automakers to accelerate their development of cheaper electric vehicles, and more common EV charging stations. Critics of the action claim that the resources necessary to make EVs are not readily available, as most raw Lithium required to make the batteries is controlled by China.
Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg revealed on the Joe Rogan Podcast that the FBI reached out to Facebook during the 2020 election. “Basically, the background here is the FBI, I think, basically came to us - some folks on our team - and was like, ‘Hey, just so you know, like, you should be on high alert…We thought that there was a lot of Russian propaganda in the 2016 election. We have it on notice that, basically, there’s about to be some kind of dump of that’s similar to that. So just be vigilant,’” Zuckerberg said. He went on to explain that this warning was the reason Facebook limited the dissemination of the Hunter Biden laptop story written by the New York Post, and why Twitter deleted it altogether. On Truth Social, former President Trump accused the FBI of “massive fraud and election interference” and to “declare the 2020 election irreparably compromised and have a new Election, immediately.”
President Joe Biden insists that he has “zero” knowledge of the FBI’s raid on former President Trump’s home at Mar-a-Lago. The raid, which was an unprecedented action on the FBI’s part, has sparked speculation on who knew about it and when. “I didn’t have any advanced notice. None. Zero. Not one single bit,” Biden responded to Fox News’ Peter Doocy when asked.
The Uvalde school board voted unanimously to immediately terminate the district police chief Pete Arredondo, three months after the tragic shooting at Robb Elementary. The shooting, which killed 21, including 19 children, has raised numerous questions on the inaction of the Uvalde police department, as video footage showed that dozens of officers were refusing to take action for over an hour. The announcement was met with applause and chants of “we’re not done” by the assembled crowd. Arredondo, who did not attend the meeting out of fear for his safety amid numerous death threats, issued a statement through his attorney. “Chief Arredondo will not participate in his own illegal and unconstitutional public lynching and respectfully requests the Board immediately reinstate him, with all backpay and benefits and close the complaint as unfounded,” the statement concludes.
Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas has officially canceled the heavily-criticized “Disinformation Governance Board.” The Board, which Republican critics referred to as “The Ministry of Truth,” referencing George Orwell’s 1984, never recovered from its botched announcement this past spring. DHS officially announced the termination of the board after a unanimous vote by the Homeland Security Advisory Council, which claimed that “there is no need for a separate Disinformation Governance Board. But it is our assessment that the underlying work of Department components on this issue is critical. The Department must be able to address the disinformation threat streams that can undermine the security of our homeland...Critically, this work can and must be undertaken consistent with the law and best practices.”
Moderna filed patent infringement lawsuits against Pfizer and BioNTech, claiming that the competing pharmaceutical companies were using “infringing patents central to (its) mRNA technology platform.” Moderna, which said in October 2020 that it would not enforce its patents “while the pandemic continued,” is looking for a share in sales profits after March 2023, when they declared that the pandemic will be over. Moderna claims that they are not looking to remove other vaccines from the market or seek profits from sales to the U.S. government. “Pfizer/BioNTech has not yet fully reviewed the complaint but we are surprised by the litigation given the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine was based on BioNTech’s proprietary mRNA technology and developed by both BioNTech and Pfizer. We remain confident in our intellectual property supporting the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine and will vigorously defend against the allegations of the lawsuit,” Pfizer said in a written statement to CNN.
Artemis I, NASA’s unmanned test flight to the moon, had its launch scrubbed after a problem with one of the four engines. The flight, which was a precursor to future crewed missions, was supposed to be a sign that NASA could once again accomplish the miracles of the Space Age of the 1960s. NASA, however, is not ready to pull the plug. “It’s too early to say what the options are,” said Mike Sarafin, Artemis mission manager, at a NASA press conference. “We really need time to look at all the information, all the data. We’re going to play all nine innings here. We’re not ready to give up yet.”
Iraqi protesters breached the presidential palace in Baghdad, leading many to believe that the U.S. Embassy was being evacuated. Footage appeared to show a military helicopter leaving the embassy, but the claim was refuted by John Kirby, coordinator for strategic communications at the National Security Council, who denied that there was an evacuation of U.S. Embassy personnel, in contrast with earlier reports. “There’s no evacuation going on at the embassy and no indication that’s going to be required at this time,” Kirby told reporters. The unrest in Iraq has been ongoing since last October, when cleric Muqtada al-Sadr’s party won the most seats in the election, but failed to secure enough to form a majority government. His refusal to join another Shiite group, which is back by Iran, has left the country in turmoil.
Palestinians employed in Israel staged a one-day strike over the decision to pay their salaries to Palestinian bank accounts instead of in cash. The tens of thousands who refused to work are part of over 200,000 Palestinians who cross into Israel each day for employment. The new payment method, which was agreed to by Israeli and Palestinian authorities, is causing fear amongst the employees who worry that the Palestinian banks will incur hidden fees and new taxes. “We reject having our salaries transferred to Palestinian Authority banks because we are afraid of the future and there is a crisis of trust,” one Palestinian construction worker said. Palestinians who work in Israel make, on average, double the salary as those who work in Palestinian territories.
Mack Rutherford, a Belgian-British teenager, became the youngest person to fly around the world solo. Rutherford, who turned 17 during his trip, kicked off his global journey five months ago in small aircraft. Landing in Sofia, Bulgaria, after traveling nearly 30,000 miles and visiting 30 different countries, Rutherford recounted the journey to the assembled crowd. Rutherford claimed two Guinness World Records - becoming the youngest person to fly around the world by himself and the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe in a microlight plane.


text:
First Recognized Human Bite in the United States by the Asian Longhorned Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis
Epidemiology and Community Health
We present the case summary of the first human recognized to have been bitten by the Haemaphysalis longicornis tick in the United States, which occurred in New York State. Subsequent field studies confirmed that this tick was present in multiple geographic locations near the patient's residence, including on manicured lawns.
Wormser, G. P., McKenna, D., Piedmonte, N., Vinci, V., Egizi, A. M., Backenson, B., & Falco, R. C. (2020). First Recognized Human Bite in the United States by the Asian Longhorned Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 70 (2), 314-316. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz449

domain: biology


US 4548048 A
A recuperator which recovers heat from a gas, generally the combustion gas of a direct-fired generator of an absorption machine. The recuperator includes a housing with liquid flowing therethrough, the liquid being in direct contact with the combustion gas for increasing the effectiveness of the heat transfer between the gas and the liquid.
1. A recuperator for an absorption refrigeration system having a direct-fired generator, a condenser, an absorber, and an evaporator, the recuperator comprising:
a housing secured to the direct fired generator;
a first inlet means and first outlet means formed in said housing, said first inlet means having side walls, a top wall, and a bottom wall, one of said side walls having an aperture therethrough to receive combustion gas flowing from the direct-fired generator, the bottom wall having aperture means therethrough for discharging the received combustion gas, said first outlet means including a blower for drawing the combustion gas from said first inlet means through said housing to said outlet means;
a means for conducting a cooling fluid through said housing, said cooling fluid conducting means defining a flow path having an inlet, an outlet, side walls, a top wall, a bottom wall, and an intermediate anti-turbulence screen disposed between said top wall and said bottom wall and generally parallel thereto, whereby two opposite side walls have a partition perpendicular therebetween defining a weir spaced between said bottom wall and said anti-turbulence screen to divert said cooling fluid from said inlet through said anti-turbulence screen; and
conduit means sealingly aligned with the aperture means of the bottom wall of said first inlet means, said conduit means having an aperture formed therein to define a flow path for the combustion gas to flow from said first inlet means through said cooling fluid and out said first outlet means to a flue.
2. A recuperator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said aperture formed in said conduit means is a longitudinal slot along the axis of said conduit means spaced between said anti-turbulence screen and said bottom wall of said cooling fluid conduction means.
The U.S. Government has rights in this invention pursuant to contract No. W-7405-ENG-26 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy.
This invention relates generally to heat recuperators and is particularly related to a flue gas heat recuperating apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a gas-to-liquid heat recuperating system which recuperates heat from the combustion gas of a direct-fired generator of an absorption machine.
In absorption refrigeration systems, it is conventional to supply external heat, usually in the form of steam or direct-fired combustion gas, to the generator in order to heat a weak absorbent solution, typically a lithium bromide solution, and thereby increase the concentration of the absorbent. The operation of a direct-fired absorption refrigeration system is known in the art and will not be described herein in detail. An example of an absorption system is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,316,727 and is incorporated by reference herein.
Although the present invention can be used in association with a wide range of devices having flue gas recuperating capabilities, it is particularly well suited in conjunction with a generator of an absorption machine having a submerged bundle counterflow heat exchanger in the generator.
The herein described heat recuperator passes exiting flue gas from the combustion tubes of the direct-fired generator through a bubbler chamber filled with a liquid, such as water, to effect more efficient heat transfer which raises the overall efficiency potential of the absorption machine in which it is installed.
This invention is directed to a recuperator for the flue gas of a direct-fired generator used in a gas-fired absorption machine.
In a preferred embodiment, combustion gas and air are introduced through in-shot burners in the burner assembly and are combusted in the combustion tubes. The combustion tubes include at least one pass, but preferably two passes, an upper pass in an upper solution tray, and a lower pass in a lower solution tray. Both trays include a plurality of baffles which provide a serpentine path for the solution admitted to the upper tray of the generator. The solution is admitted to the upper tray near the discharge end of the combustion tubes and is discharged nearest the initial firing end of the combustion tubes in the lower tray. Accordingly, the flow of the fluids, the combustion gas and solution, is such that counterflow heat transfer is achieved with the hottest combustion gas entering the heat exchanger in proximity with the hottest leaving solution and the coolest combustion gas leaving the heat exchanger in proximity with the coolest entering solution. The exiting flue gas from the combustion tubes is passed through a bubbler chamber filled with a fluid, such as water. The combustion gases which enter the chamber are cooled below their dew point by direct contact with the water and condensation occurs.
It is an object of the present invention to improve the efficiency of an absorption machine by utilizing a recuperator for the combustion gases of a direct-fired generator of an absorption machine.
It is another object of the present invention to recuperate typically lost combustion heat in the flue gas from the combustion tubes of a generator of an absorption machine by passing the exiting flue gas through a liquid filled bubbler chamber.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a recuperator which is economical to manufacture, simple in construction, and more efficient than the prior art heat exchangers.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of the invention.
In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which reference numerals shown in the drawings designate like or corresponding parts throughout the same,
FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partly broken away and partly in section, of a direct-fired generator of an absorption machine utilizing the present invention; and
FIG. 2 a perspective view, partly broken away of the flue gas recuperator of the present invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a direct-fired generator for an absorption refrigeration system according to the present invention, which, for example, employes water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide as an absorbent solution. Technically, pure lithium bromide is an absorbent and is not an absorbent solution. However, it is customary to refer to the absorbent in an absorption refrigeration system as being a solution because the absorbent may have refrigerant dissolved therein. Therefore, the term "solution" is used throughout this application to denote pure absorbent and absorbent solution. Also, it should be noted that the term "strong solution" is used herein to denote an absorbent solution which has a high concentration of absorbent, such as pure lithium bromide, while the term "weak solution" is used herein to denote an absorbent solution which has a low concentration of absorbent because it has a substantial quantity of refrigerant dissolved therein. Further, it should be noted that refrigerants, other than water, and absorbents, other than lithium bromide, may be used within the scope of this invention and various modifications may be made to the refrigeration system to accommodate these different refrigerants and absorbents.
The absorption refrigeration system, which the generator 10 forms a part thereof, generally further includes an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, external heat exchangers, a refrigerant pump, and a solution pump.
Generator 10 includes a suitable burner assembly 12 for supplying combustion gas and air to lower combustion tubes 16. The ignited mixture of gas and air flows through the lower combustion tubes 16 located within lower solution tray 17 through connecting chamber 18, then flowing through upper combustion tubes 26, located in upper solution tray 27 to be finally discharged from the upper combustion tubes to the recuperator 40.
The weak solution supplied to the generator 10 through generator inlet line 14, generally flowing from an absorber through an external heat exchanger, enters the upper solution tray 27 and flows through said upper solution tray in a generally parallel relation to the upper combustion tubes 26. The weak solution flows in the upper solution tray, alternately weaving over and under a plurality of baffles 22 until reaching the end baffled section 24. The weak solution entering the upper solution tray is heated by the upper combustion tubes 26 which boils refrigerant out of the weak solution. The refrigerant vapor formed in the upper solution tray passes out of the open top 29 of the solution tray into a condenser 20 where it is cooled and condensed. The relatively hotter, stronger solution flowing into end baffle section 24, flows out overflow port 28, and into the adjacent end baffle section 32 of the lower solution tray 17. This stronger overflow solution then flows generally parallel to the lower combustion tubes 16, alternately over and under the lower baffles 34 in a serpentine fashion, to the lower front baffle section 36. In the lower front baffle section 36, the relatively hot, strong concentrated solution overflows the lower solution tray and passes through a discharge passageway 38 into the absorber.
The refrigerant vapor formed in the generator flows into the condenser 20, which has a trough like heat exchanger having a plurality of condenser tubes 42 contained within an open trough like shell 44, where this refrigerant vapor is cooled and condensed. The liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser 20 passes through a refrigerant liquid passage 46 into the evaporator. A fluid medium, such as water, passes through the condenser tubes 42 to condense the liquid refrigerant in the condenser.
Referring to FIG. 2, it may be seen that the generator 10 and condenser 20 sections are included within a single shell 30, but it will be appreciated that other configurations will be satisfactory. The burner assembly supplies an ignited mixture of gas and air into lower combustion tubes 16 to heat weak solution which is supplied to the generator from the absorber through an inlet line in the generator. The weak solution is heated in the upper solution tray 27 and lower solution tray 17 to boil off refrigerant vapor and to thereby concentrate the weak solution. Refrigerant vapor rises upwardly to the condenser section 20 which is conveniently located in the same shell 30 as the generator 19 and comprises a plurality of heat exchange condenser tubes 42. The refrigerant vapor is condensed to liquid refrigerant in said condenser section. Liquid refrigerant passes from the condenser section 20 through refrigerant liquid passage 46 to the evaporator.
Moreover, when the combustion gases leave the upper combustion tubes 26 they enter the recuperator 40 through inlet 52, where they are drawn through gas passageway 54 and then down through distribution tubes 56. The distribution tubes 56 are supported by tube sheet 58 having apertures therethrough for mating with the tubes 56. The tube sheet 58 also mates with the side and front walls 57 of gas passageway 54 to separate the combustion gases from the liquid in the recuperator. After being drawn down the distribution tubes 56, the combustion gases flow through openings 64 in the distribution tubes and displace the liquid, which may be water, contained in the bubbler tank 62. The combustion gases then bubble up through the liquid to upper collection chamber 66 which is separated from the bubbler tank by demister screen 68. The exhaust blower 70, connected to the upper collection chamber 66 of the recuperator, which provides the induced draft for combustion as well as the static pressure to overcome the liquid head of the bubbler tank 62, then exhausts the final combustion products to a flue (not shown).
To effect continuous heat transfer and dilution of the products of combustion dissolved in the liquid medium of the recuperator, a continuous flow of liquid enters bubbler tank 62 through inlet conduit 74. After being in direct contact and in heat exchange relationship with the combustion gases in the bubbler tank 62, the water passes upward through anti-turbulence demister screen 68, overflows weir 76 into end chamber 78, and flows out conduit 75 to an appropriate load. Accordingly, the combustion gases that enter the recuperator 40 are cooled below the dew point by direct contact with the liquid medium and condensation occurs. The heat transfer effectiveness of the recuperator can approach 100% and the overall efficiency of the generator is improved to 90% and above.


text:
Suggest treatment for psoriasis . Tinnitus is a medical condition in which the person hears a consistent ringing and buzzing noise in the ears even in the absence of external sources of sound. Premium Questions. The hyperproliferative epidermal cells can cause buildup of scales in the external auditory canal, impaction of debris, and conductive hearing loss. @apulliam2000, I have transient tinnitus, but I’ve never made the connection that it might be due to my psoriasis :O In our sister community for people with PsA there are many who experience ringing in the ears, I’ll have to ask them about psoriasis!-Victoria, Community Moderator diagnosis of psoriasis by the ear A common presentation of psoriasis is itching or tenderness with silvery micaceous scales on the posterior crease of the ear and the external auditory meatus. The British Tinnitus Association's vision is a world where no one suffers from tinnitus. Tinnitus prevention is one reason why it is important to get ear eczema treated as soon as possible. MD. However, way before being diagnosed with pustular P and PA and starting my meds for those two things, I have suffered with tinnitus and a mild hearing loss due to an inner ear disease I have. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects skin on the elbows, knees, hands, feet, and back, but it can also affect the ears. The person then keeps scratching at it … Ear Psoriasis Tinnitus. I know, for me anyway, certain drugs always used to really aggravate that nasty and constant buzzing and ringing in my ears. Psoriasis on the external ear may be aesthetically unappealing and uncomfortable. My son who is 21 years old has had psoriasis for the past 5+ years. Pulsatile tinnitus is caused by blood circulating in or near your ears. The infliction of damage or injury causes tinnitus to the ears which disrupts the direction and flow of blood that goes to and fro in the head and ears. Tinnitus (pronounced ti-ni-tis), or ringing in the ears, is the sensation of hearing ringing, buzzing, hissing, chirping, whistling, or other sounds. Conditions that can cause low-pitched ringing in one ear include Meniere's disease. Blood vessel problems, such as high blood pressure, an aneurysm or a tumor, and blockage of the ear canal or eustachian tube can amplify the sound of your heartbeat in your ears (pulsatile tinnitus). Eczema in the ear canal or outer ear causes a terrible itchy feeling. Eczema in the ear can cause tinnitus, an annoying, constant ringing of the ears. Itchy ears: Psoriasis. He has tried everything from creams to shampoos. Yet numerous elements can likewise be responsible: a plug of earwax, a center ear infection, high blood pressure, a blood circulation insufficiency in certain arteries of the neck or an inner ear problem, such as Ménière’s condition as an example. The psoriasis is now going on his chin and ears. Tinnitus is the perception of noises in the head and/or ear which have no external source, it is often described as buzzing or ringing in the ears. IT has been 20 years since Rebecca Edgar was first diagnosed with tinnitus, after suffering an ear infection. Ear psoriasis and tinnitus . When it affects the internal ear, it may impact … Low-pitched ringing.
2020 ear psoriasis tinnitus


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To The Daily Sun,
Gun owners, your right to own a gun is in real jeopardy.
When President Obama's Supreme Court nominee, Circuit Court Judge Merrick Garland, had the opportunity, he wanted to allow the District of Columbia to take away people's Second Amendment right. If a city can take away your gun rights, so can states and the federal government.
Judge Garland was nominated to replace Supreme Court Justice Scalia who cast one of the five votes (vs. four) needed to protect American citizens' Second Amendment rights.
Judge Garland is falsely described as a moderate, but had Judge Garland been on the Supreme Court instead of Justice Scalia, Americans' constitutional right to own a gun would have been eliminated.
Had Judge Garland been on the Supreme Court instead of Justice Scalia, any city, state, or the federal government could outlaw some or all guns or accessories, incarcerate you for owning prohibited items, or authorize SWAT teams to descend on your home and take your guns, as they did to New Orleans homeowners during Katrina.
Most Democrat politicians (e.g., Obama, Clinton, Reid, Schumer, Pelosi, et. al.), despite their denials, want to take guns away from law-abiding Americans. They say it is for our safety. But history, e.g., in Germany, Great Britain, Australia, and American cities, teaches that taking guns from law-abiding citizens emboldens criminals and results in more innocent victims.
If the Senate consents to Judge Garland's appointment to the Supreme Court, your right to own a gun will disappear. Then only criminals will have guns.
If you believe that citizens should have the right to own a gun for lawful purposes, e.g., hunting, target shooting, to protect yourself, your family, or others, then you better help stop Judge Garland from becoming the next Supreme Court justice.
Tell Senator Mitch McConnell that the Senate must refuse to consider Judge Garland or any judge who would take away Americans' constitutional rights. Contact Senators Ayotte and Shaheen and demand that they deny consent for Judge Garland's appointment to the Supreme Court.


2016 has been an intense and unforgettable year. We lost legendary musicians and witnessed a huge political shift. Today on the show, we recap the year by talking about some of its best — and most notable — songs. First, we hear from Kill Rock Stars guys Ben Parrish and James Reling about their favorite songs of the year, from Cate Le Bon to Jackie Lynn. Then we’re joined by songwriter Charlie Harding, host of music podcast Switched on Pop! Harding gives us the lowdown on some of the year’s biggest music trends.


text:
LEWISBURG — The fragility of drinking water sources was brought home to thousands of local consumers earlier this year when a tanker spilled diesel fuel into a tributary of Anthony Creek, which feeds into the Greenbrier River, threatening public water systems in Lewisburg and Alderson.
Consumers weren’t the only ones paying attention. The incident provided a rallying point for a West Virginia Land Trust work plan for a project dubbed the Greenbrier Watershed Initiative that had launched only a month earlier, in December.
As Terrell Ellis, the Land Trust’s senior program manager, explained to a group of more than 20 people gathered for an informational meeting at Lewisburg City Hall Tuesday evening, the scope of the work plan expanded beyond the typical geographic boundaries, referred to as a Zone of Critical Concern (ZCC).
In the wake of another, larger water crisis — the chemical contamination that fouled a public water system serving hundreds of thousands in the Kanawha Valley last year — the state imposed a mandate that all municipal water systems prepare a source water protection plan that encompasses the entire ZCC. As it applies to the 173-mile long Greenbrier River Watershed, that zone is defined as extending 1,000 feet inland from each riverbank and 500 feet inland from each tributary bank.
The source water protection plans must identify strategies to help prevent contamination of drinking water supplies, according to Lewisburg Mayor John Manchester. He said the Land Trust approached the city about considering land protection as a component of its strategies.
Ellis emphasized that the Land Trust’s Greenbrier Watershed Initiative is not a required part of the source water protection plans that must be filed with the state.
“This is not the plan,” she said. “It is an enhancement to the plan.”
The purpose of Tuesday’s meeting was to provide information to landowners interested in protecting their property via conservation easements in service of the larger effort to safeguard the drinking water drawn from the Greenbrier River. A partnership among the West Virginia Land Trust, the city of Lewisburg and the Greenbrier River Watershed Association sent letters to nearly 100 landowners along the river inviting them to attend one or more of the three informational meetings being held in Greenbrier County.
In addition to the Lewisburg meeting, others are scheduled at the White Sulphur Springs Public Library at 7 p.m. Monday and at the Frankford Volunteer Fire Department at 7 p.m. next Thursday. All of the meetings are open to the public.
A Land Trust brochure available at Tuesday’s meeting explains the nonprofit organization’s mission of “protecting lands of scenic, recreational, agricultural, cultural or ecological importance in perpetuity.”
The primary tool by which the Land Trust accomplishes this protection is the conservation easement.
Ashton Berdine, the organization’s lands program manager, described the easement as a legally-enforceable land preservation agreement between a landowner and a qualified land protection organization — like the Land Trust — for the purposes of conservation. Depending upon the goals of the landowner in seeking it, a conservation easement may be used to restrict such activities as real estate development or commercial and industrial uses, Berdine noted.
“Our role is to keep property intact,” he said.
Berdine said the benefits to the landowner include the satisfaction that he or she has permanently protected the land. The landowner may also be able to receive tax benefits, such as a federal charitable deduction that could continue for up to five years.
He acknowledged, however, that an easement “does diminish the resale value of property” because the ability to subdivide and develop all or part of the land has been surrendered in perpetuity, meaning that even if the property is later inherited by or deeded to another person, the easement will continue.
In fact, after a conservation easement is executed, a Land Trust representative will follow up with a site visit each year thereafter to ensure adherence to the terms of the agreement.
Several factors are at play in the Land Trust’s decision whether to agree to partner in a conservation easement, Berdine said, with preference given to larger sites. Location, environmental features, use and other significant features, such as historical value, also figure into the decision.
In the Greenbrier Watershed Initiative, which is supported by the James F.B. Peyton Fund, the Land Trust analyzed properties located in the target area surrounding the river and its tributaries, considering the land’s “natural attributes” and potential threats, Ellis said. Threats included roads, logging and agriculture.
Using this analysis, the organization identified 114 “priority parcels,” encompassing 21,000 acres and advised the landowners of the easement option.
“These opportunities are entirely voluntary,” Lewisburg’s mayor was quoted in a Land Trust press release. “But as a water provider for nearly 12,000 people in Lewisburg, Frankford, Fairlea, Ronceverte and Renick, the city of Lewisburg welcomes the chance to introduce landowners to the easement process and ways that they can become more involved with protecting critical resources in our community.”
Manchester said at the City Hall meeting, “The goal is to find folks who have an interest in this. It represents a good step forward.”
Ellis concurred. “We want to start immediately,” she said. “We’re able, willing and ready. We’re here for the long haul.”
For additional information about the West Virginia Land Trust or the Greenbrier Watershed Initiative, visit wvlandtrust.org or call the Charleston office at 304-346-7788 or the Morgantown office at 304-413-0945.


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What does CleanBC’s program cover?
To assist with the transition to lower carbon transportation options like electric vehicles (EVs), the province of British Columbia is working with BC Hydro and Fortis BC to offer rebates in B.C. for the purchase and installation of Level 2 EV charging stations through the CleanBC program.
Rebates are available for:
- Condos and apartments
Funding allowances for CleanBC Go Electric electric vehicle (EV) charger rebate program are as follows (all projects must be pre-approved by BC Hydro or FortisBC prior to purchase and installation):
- The CleanBC Go Electric Workplace EV Charging Program offers businesses a rebate of up to 50% of the costs, up to a maximum of $2,000 per charger to purchase and install a Level 2 networked EV charger at the residential parking spaces in your complex, to a maximum of $14,000.
Condos & Apartments:
- The CleanBC Go Electric Program offers stratas, building owners, or individual residents a rebate up to 50% of the costs, up to a maximum of $2,000 per charger to purchase and install a Level 2 networked EV charger at the residential parking spaces in your complex, to a maximum of $14,000.
- The CleanBC Go Electric Fleets Program is intended to support public and private fleets transition to EVs with rebates of up to $2,000 per Level 2 charging station and up to $75,000 for DC fast charger.
City of Vancouver – Licence By-law 4450
- Starting in January 2025, gas stations and commercial parking lots with at least 60 spaces located in Vancouver can receive discounted business licence fees if they offer EV charging services. When the policy comes into effect, businesses that comply with it will pay just $255 per year for their licence fee while non-compliant businesses will have to pay $10,000. Learn more about the City of Vancouver new License By-Law →


Mikayla Hogue threw a four-hit shutout and top seeded Collins-Maxwell defeated Newell-Fonda 5-0 in the first round of the class 1A state tournament. Hogue struck out 14 batters and walked just one.
The Spartans plated one run in the first, two more in the 3rd, and finished the scoring with two more runs in the 6th inning. Ellie Lago and Olivia Larsen both had two hits for the Mustangs. Ella Larsen threw all six innings allowing three earned runs on five hits, she struck out two and walked one.
The Mustangs, now 25-14, will play Martensdale-St. Mary’s Tuesday morning at 11am in the consolation bracket. The game will be broadcast on 92.9FM KKIA.