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Posted on Mon Sep 12th, 2011 11:45am PDT By X17 Staff
We caught up with George Clooney's ex Elisabetta Canalis on Sunday as she left Dancing With The Stars practice and asked her about her former flame. George and new gal pal Stacy Keibler had just gone public with their relationship the day before.
So what was Elisabetta's response? She appears to be taking the high road; the gorgeous Italian blew a kiss to her ex lover -- watch it all in our video below!
After two years of dating, Elisabetta and George split at the end of June -- only a few weeks after she said in an interview that she wanted to get married. By the beginning of August, news had broken of George and Stacy's new romance.
... And did we mention that Stacy was also once a contestant on Dancing With The Stars? Ouch!
We also spotted Chaz Bono and partner Lacey Schwimmer at practice. See pics of them after the jump and in our gallery below!
SEE THE GALLERY The Ladies Leave Dancing With The Stars Practice
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The Gunners boss was ultimately charged for what he said in the referees’ changing room after the game.And an FA statement on Friday read: “Arsene Wenger will serve a touchline ban for Arsenal’s next three matches after he was charged with misconduct.“It follows an Independent Regulatory Commission hearing today at which the Arsenal manager admitted that his language and behaviour in the match officials’ changing room after the West Brom game on Sunday was abusive, improper and questioned the integrity of the match referee. He was also fined £40,000.”Wenger will miss the FA Cup clash with Nottingham Forest, the first leg of the League Cup semi-final against Chelsea and the league tie with Bournemouth.0Shares0000(Visited 1 times, 1 visits today) 0Shares0000After seeing his side end a three-match winless run with a win over Newcastle, Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger has no worries about a potential lack of staminaLONDON, United Kingdom, Jan 6 – Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger has been hit with a Sh5.6m (£40,000) fine and a three-match touchline ban after being charged with misconduct by the Football Association.Wenger’s comments about the refereeing during the 1-1 draw at West Brom last weekend, where referee Mike Dean awarded the Baggies a late penalty for handball against Calum Chambers, that saw Jay Rodriguez earn a point for his side, were reviewed by the FA.
Crews working on a Gold Line extension project unearthed the skeletal remains of 108 people that officials believe were buried in the city’s original cemetery for the poor. The discoveries on the grounds of an old brick crematorium in East Los Angeles revealed a forgotten layer of history, stunning Metropolitan Transportation Authority officials and nearby residents. “I’ve lived in the same house for 70 years,” said Diana Tarango, a longtime Eastside resident. “Even then, growing up as a kid, I never thought of it as a cemetery. It was always a crematorium.” Carbon dating indicates that most of the remains date back to at least the 1890s, said Ray Sosa, the MTA deputy project manager who is planning the Gold Line extension. Burials stopped when the county built a crematorium on the site in 1922 to dispose of the bodies of the poor and unclaimed. AD Quality Auto 360p 720p 1080p Top articles1/5READ MOREBlues bury Kings early with four first-period goals Time obscured the existence of the graves, which – along with old coins, empty coffins, metal objects and even garbage – were found beginning in June under trees, a retaining wall and a driveway. No records indicated that bodies were buried anywhere along the new light-rail route, Sosa said. Only one of the bodies, which was buried with its headstone, has been identified, he said. DNA testing would not identify other remains because they are so old, officials said. MTA officials, archaeologists and community members are working together to figure out where to re-inter the bodies. “We want to give these people a proper burial, because it’s obvious they were not given a proper burial in the first place,” said Rick Thorpe, the MTA’s head of construction. “If they had been treated with respect, we would have known where they were located.” 160Want local news?Sign up for the Localist and stay informed Something went wrong. Please try again.subscribeCongratulations! You’re all set!


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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs Executive Summary The U.S. Air Force, like the other services, is transforming itself into a new type of force with capabilities appropriate for an emerging array of new threats. The Air Force roadmap for transformation, part of the U.S. Air Force Transformation Flight Plan,1 describes the desired new capabilities, and it is readily seen that advances in information science and technology (IS&T) underpin most of them. For example, the three main new capabilities are information superiority, precision targeting (or strike), and improved battlespace awareness. The first requires secure and survivable command and control systems; methods for sharing, tailoring, and distributing vast amounts of information; decision aids; and offensive and defensive cyber warfare. Precision strike implies the ability to place munitions with minimal error anyplace required to achieve a military objective, and also the ability to perform rapid damage assessment. And improved battlespace awareness requires the ability to fuse and convey information so that decision makers can fully understand the plan of action and its execution in real time and be able to rapidly assess and anticipate necessary changes to the plan. In order to refocus its program of basic research in IS&T to better support these Air Force goals, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) asked the National Research Council to establish a committee charged with the following task: 1 Available at http://www.dtic.mil/jointvision/af_trans_flightplan.pdf. Referred to in this report as the Air Force Flight Plan.
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs The study will create a vision and plan for the IS&T-related programs within the AFOSR’s Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate. Based on the spectrum of Air Force IS&T needs and the context in which the Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate operates, the committee will do the following: Identify which of the Air Force’s IS&T needs seem to call for AFOSR-sponsored R&D; Recommend a program of 6.1 research2 in IS&T that is not being done elsewhere (or is not readily applicable to Air Force situations) and that covers the most critical or broadly useful topics that fit within the purview of the Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate; Develop rough estimates of the funding needed to make credible progress in this program of IS&T-related research, with a prioritization that defines what could be adequately covered with flat funding, a 10 percent decrease, a 10 percent increase, and a 25 percent increase. Recommend how the directorate might transition from its current program to the envisioned one under these various budget scenarios; and Recommend an appropriate balance of funding mechanisms for the directorate’s IS&T-related research, choosing among the various mechanisms currently in use in the directorate. This report is the outcome of that committee’s study. The committee learned about Air Force goals from a variety of sources, including printed reports, briefings at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Air Combat Command, and discussions with senior Air Force leaders in research and development (R&D). From these sources, the committee concluded that most of the capabilities desired by the Air Force cannot be attained without continued IS&T R&D. This is because IT pervades most, if not all, envisioned Air Force systems and is often the principal enabler of system capability, yet IT is still an immature engineering discipline requiring much work to assure predictable results when a system requires IT-related innovation. Furthermore, nearly all of those capabilities require some advances that are unlikely to be developed commercially or by the other services and therefore will require targeted R&D by the Air Force itself. Moreover, nearly all of that Air Force-specific R&D must include ambitious basic research, because significant gaps exist in the knowledge base upon which the desired capabilities will be built. 2 In the Department of Defense (DOD), funding lines are assigned numbers, and 6.1 is the line for basic research. Within the Air Force, the AFOSR is in charge of all 6.1 funding, most of which is used to support peer-reviewed academic research. Funds for applied research and development (R&D) are designated 6.2 or 6.3.
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs The committee, echoing what is already understood within the AFOSR R&D establishment, identified (1) access to disparate data and information, (2) their fusion and appropriate distribution, and (3) conversion of information into knowledge as the necessary building blocks for attaining the desired capabilities. These building blocks, like most of the Air Force’s desired capabilities, rely on team-focused, network-enabled systems—that is, interlocking systems made possible by networks that enable the teams to work together. The committee concluded that research to develop those building blocks is the most important Air Force need, one that will persist as long as the Air Force relies on network-enabled systems, and from its initial store of ideas about which kinds of research would be relevant to Air Force IS&T, the committee identified four that underpin team-focused, network-enabled systems of any kind: research in networks and communications, software, information management, and human-system interactions (HSI). The committee’s vision for AFOSR’s IS&T program is captured in Figure ES-1. Distributed research and experimentation environments are discussed in Chapter 9 and some grand challenges are proposed in Chapter 7. Then, the committee summarizes the research it recommends in each of these areas. FIGURE ES-1 A vision for Air Force IS&T research: Team-focused, network-enabled systems are created by the four research areas shown. The concerted efforts in the four areas, which also affect one another, are to be focused by grand challenges identified by the AFOSR and by experiments conducted in distributed research and experimentation environments.
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS Air Force applications must contend with communication modalities that are not encountered in commercial and civilian settings. For example, satellite channels have unusually long-delay data rates and randomly fading dispersive channel characteristics. Classical communication and information theories do not incorporate an element of adversarial attacks. Radio channels, especially those associated with mobile platforms, have rapidly changing link capacities and connectivity, with disconnections and dropouts that can last minutes or more. In contrast with this dynamism, traditional layer 3 (Network Layer) and layer 4 (Transport Layer) protocols assume fairly stable underlying substrates that change, if at all, over the course of minutes—that is, much more slowly than most transmissions. These traditional protocols often yield low throughputs and poor quality service when applied to defense systems; in some cases, they do not work at all despite valiant efforts to provide patches. Thus, the main challenge of Air Force communications is to provide assured connectivity between networks (albeit at varying rates) under difficult channel conditions, including during adversarial attacks. Another Air Force communications challenge is how to recognize when multiple sensors have collected related observations so that redundancy can be removed or complementary data fused. This is essential in order to stay within network bandwidth capacities, especially in difficult communication environments. More generally, the theory of networks has not matured to a point where one can predict how well protocols developed heuristically in one application setting will perform on a communication network built on radically different communication modalities. To deal with the new and complicated modalities of importance to the Air Force, fundamental tools must be developed to help understand how networks might perform in new environments and to optimize architectures. It is simply too costly to develop these architectures and protocols ad hoc and then experiment with the communication links in the field. Bandwidth will always be in high demand in the battlespace, so there is a need for a network management system that is able to translate high-level guiding principles into network actions such as routing and media access control priorities in a timely fashion without a human in the loop. Currently, asset management is done manually, and it is far from responsive or optimal. Because it will not always be possible to ensure that no nodes are compromised, the network should be designed to sense dead or malfunctioning network elements and route around them. In addition, the network should have an architecture that confines such damage to a local area and does not allow it to propagate across the network. When the network senses outside attacks, it should be able to locate the real entry points and then defend against and remove these attacks.
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs In response to these challenges, the committee recommends that AFOSR pursue basic research in the following topics of importance for Air Force networks: Robust protocols, addressed with new mathematical tools for network dynamics analysis. Error-free, end-to-end delivery, requiring better methods for performance prediction. Throughput, delay deadlines, and congestion control, all based on network coding. Network performance optimization, building on dynamic (convex and nonconvex) programming, game theory, and control theory. Policy-based network management, requiring means of monitoring, resource allocation, and making performance guarantees for subsets of users. Robust architectures, perhaps based on Byzantine robust networking. Network architecture and protocols for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and other air vehicles. For sensor networks in particular, the committee recommends the following basic research topics: Real-time embedded processing. Embedded control systems. Minimization of power consumption, addressed through energy-efficient routing, Transport Layer protocols, and energy-efficient process management. Programming and support tools for large-scale networks. Energy-efficient coding schemes for information distribution. Techniques for real-time dynamic resource allocation. Energy-aware compilers and schedulers. Source compression and correlation methods for multiple sensors. The Air Force communication systems that operate on these networks require basic research in the following areas: Unifying methodologies for modulation, coding, beam-forming, and scheduling optimization. Information theory extensions for dynamic self-adaptive communications. Wireless architectures for exploiting node-to-node cooperation. Ultrawideband (UWB) communication: air-ground, air-air, airspace.
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs Dynamic exploitation of channel characteristics for increased capacity, reliability, and spectrum efficiency. Design of systems with performance guarantees for difficult channels, including channels under attack. Integrated design/optimization of networks plus communications systems, being conscious of the vulnerability to cross-layer adversarial attacks. SOFTWARE Network-enabled systems are by definition dependent on complex software because of the great number of possible states of the networks. The systems that require such software transcend a range of Air Force applications, from intensive human-machine systems (e.g., command and control, air operation centers) to embedded applications (e.g., avionics systems). Increasingly these applications are connected by networks into a system of systems and, in fact, the distinction between enterprise and embedded systems blurs as the focus is increasingly on the interconnectedness of all such systems. Rather than focusing on large-scale code development—a challenge that is being researched by others—the committee recommends that AFOSR focus on a set of important software engineering issues that are key to successful Air Force network-enabled systems but that have received limited attention. This recommended set of issues centers on how to understand what to build and how to ensure that its behavior is relatively predictable and acceptable, both during design and in operational use. Three important questions emerge: How do we discover and understand what is needed? How can critical nonfunctional attributes (those that are desired or necessary but ancillary to the software’s primary functionality) be implemented in a predictable fashion? Can the resulting software, once fielded, evolve to satisfy new needs discovered as it is used? To address the first of these, the committee recommends a program of research aimed at the coevolution of Air Force concepts of operations and system architectures. This program extends the philosophy of software development models such as iterative development that support rapid prototyping of a software system so that end users can experiment with the system to see if it satisfies their needs. The prototype then becomes an explicit representation of the requirements. Current research in execut-
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs able architectures and in engineering tools for the design and analysis of functional and nonfunctional attributes provides a basis for this program. The committee recommends research into the following: Methods to support rapid composability. Semantic extensions of current modeling languages to enhance composability and representation and reasoning of behavior. Development of tools that enable the construction of executable versions of models in system modeling languages. Methods that support experimentation, operational assessment, and the use of initial architecture representations in exercises. An example might be scripting languages that allow end users to explore early versions of software and help encode their preferences into the final architecture. Approaches that allow user tailoring, definition, and exploration of new processes and automated learning based on past problem solving. Experimentation and demonstration of these research approaches in domains of relevance to the Air Force. To address the second question, the committee recommends that AFOSR support a new line of research, extending model-based software research funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to build up an understanding of software behavior envelopes. Dynamic analysis of the nonfunctional attributes (e.g., scalability, interoperability, survivability, security, energy awareness) of software could define the performance envelope of a network-enabled system. It would be valuable to know the extent to which software could be modified, by developers or end users, and stay within the desired envelope. This topic would be a new area of research for the software community, but there is related work on which to build, as explained in Chapter 4 of this report. Once a software architecture has been defined and the performance envelope explored, a logical third capability would be one that supports the continued evolution of complex software within its fielded context. While most other software engineering research focuses on developing new software-intensive systems, in fact the larger challenge is to learn how to maintain and upgrade the huge amount of Air Force software that has already been fielded. Thus, important research areas include methods to infer the architecture of legacy software systems, to identify software components within that architecture, to parallelize legacy system software and applications, and to migrate that architecture and components to new and improved architectures, possibly within a new computing environ-
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs ment. Since network-enabled systems will involve many legacy systems as well as new systems, it is imperative that software be designed so that it can be evolved in an affordable manner throughout its life cycle. The committee recommends that AFOSR support research to improve the evolvability of software-intensive systems. The following specific lines of research, which could build on readily available commercial frameworks, are recommended: Our ability to conduct dynamic, model-based analyses to analyze nonfunctional attributes needs to be improved. In order to improve component integration, research is needed to accelerate the development of abstract design-component systems and code-component-based systems, addressing automated discovery, composition, generation, interoperability, and reuse across hundreds of systems. Research in security is needed in support of the goal of measurable, available, secure, trustworthy, and sustainable network-enabled systems. To attain assured reliability with hard time-deadlines, methods are needed for modeling and analyzing integrated reliability, availability, and schedulability of components and systems in realistic conditions derived from user-specified scenarios. All participating components of the overall system need to be energy-efficient: (1) network energy on network interface and communication protocols of ad hoc networks, (2) processor energy and process management for scheduling various applications, (3) memory/ storage energy and memory/storage management, and (4) display energy. Research is needed into novel integration of methods for verification and validation, such as integration of informal methods (e.g., software testing and monitoring) with formal verification (i.e., model checking and theorem proving) and abstract interpretation and static program analysis techniques. The ability to validate scalability, adoptability, usability, and measurement is also important, and some fundamental breakthroughs have occurred in the past 5 years that have led to a rapid rise in industry adoption and interest. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT One ramification of the ubiquitous deployment of IT in the Air Force is that both human and automated decision makers are now often faced
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs with voluminous multimedia data from which they must create knowledge. Even the first step in knowledge creation—the integration of raw data that are in different formats and managed by different data management technologies—is challenging, but future Air Force capabilities will require much more. The Air Force faces major open questions on how to manage and share information in a distributed system. The “publish-subscribe” paradigm is one that is being explored at the AFRL. That concept includes (1) a common repository where information is “published” and (2) “subscription” information for various users that defines which posted information their systems will download from the common area. The publish-subscribe concept has been shown to scale to hundreds of thousands of participants within stable network environments. However, an Air Force publish-subscribe system must work in an unstable wide-area network environment such as a battlespace network; it must in many cases weed out information that is outdated or redundant; its subscription rules must be more sophisticated than those available today, including having enough “intelligence” to take context into account; and the system must be trustworthy even if an adversary has gained access to publish or subscribe. These challenges are examples and not comprehensive. Moreover, they are not unique to publish-subscribe. Similar challenges accompany alternative infrastructures for information management. It is clear, therefore, that much research in fields such as distributed computing, database systems, security, and data mining must be accomplished before the Air Force can field a dependable information management system. More generally, the Air Force needs to understand information at a more abstract level. It needs a model and architecture for situation understanding and a means of incorporating situation modeling, model-based processing, situation projection, and top-down management of situation understanding in order to explore topics in information fusion. It also needs a scientific basis and technologies for multisensor fusion for air and ground targets. Some of these topics are extensions of ongoing work in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) methods. An even bolder question would be, How can a computer understand data and information in context? In principle, background understanding of a mission or related intelligence could help a computer interpret information from the battlespace—for example, to help identify objects in video or image data. If such context-dependent processing were possible, perhaps information-understanding algorithms could be embedded in sensors and networks to enable rapid data assessment and rapid situation assessment. The committee recommends the following basic research in support of Air Force information management:
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs Query-processing techniques for large-scale sensor networks. Where to place query functionality vs. limited power, bandwidth, etc. Coping with mobile sensors, unreliable sensors, high data rates. Techniques for processing and managing semistructured content. For data modeling, for querying and routing, for execution. Fusion of uncertain, inconsistent data and querying of incomplete information. Mechanisms for determining the certainty of answers as a function of the certainty of raw data. Multilevel representation of multimodal signals (video, images, hyperspectral, etc.). For efficient transmission, storage, manipulation, multimodal data mining, and machine learning. HUMAN-SYSTEM INTERACTIONS The committee focuses on HSI to encompass not only human-computer interactions but also the coordinated and purposeful interactions of several or many humans with complex systems and the interactions of teams of humans mediated through systems. The committee recommends an AFOSR focus on HSI because it is essential to the successful operation of complex systems and to the accomplishment of network-enabled operations. An ultimate goal of HSI research would be to enable machines (or algorithms) to perform more of the complex data manipulation, correlation, computation, and data reduction—and even some decision-making—leaving humans to perform the most critical judgments that cannot be accomplished by algorithms or that rely on extrinsic knowledge. Furthermore, HSI should help humans to interact with one another in cooperative tasks where multiple humans are part of the system. In the Air Force, there are many situations where one or more humans interact with one or more IS&T systems. This includes systems that are distributed not only among different platforms but also, perhaps, across geographical and organizational boundaries, most often with strict security and service reliability constraints such as near-real-time or time-critical services. Complexity increases if the humans and the systems interact with one another in ways that are not connected with the task being analyzed. What sorts of information, architecture, and format should be used to achieve desired effects, and how can designers and users estimate the uncertainties and internalize the context and caveats associated with each option? Assuming the right information is available at the right time and in the right form (e.g., text, images), what techniques will enable the user to make the best use of it? How can what-if simulations be considered and
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs evaluated? Such complex capabilities might require integrated and synchronized multimodal interfaces (visual, aural, and/or haptic) to capture the high dimensionality of a system of sensors and actuators in the battlefield. Research into HSI should shed light on the usability of the (same) information in a battlefield command-and-control situation relative to the perspective (rank) of the user and the granularity (detail of the information). In other words, one must understand and characterize the most likely and useful level of complexity for each potential user, from the warfighter to the commander, so that the complexity and amount of information can be optimized for battlefield decision-making—not a paucity of data, but not data overload either. The importance of HSI research is also driven home by the Air Force emphasis on influence operations, which are meant to alter adversaries’ attitudes and perspectives so as to achieve U.S. goals without resorting to the tools of traditional warfare. Influence operations require fundamental research into behaviors and how they can be affected. To this base of knowledge must be added knowledge on interpretation and presentation, personnel training, and modeling and simulation, building on what is known about cultural and behavioral factors to carry out influence operations. As an example, characterization and recognition of normal and abnormal behavior would, in general, help in surveillance at all levels. Characterizing which actions, postures, and so on signify worrisome behavior requires ongoing research in the social sciences, and the ability to automatically recognize such behavior in sensed data is an ongoing challenge for IS&T. The committee recommends that AFOSR pursue basic research in the following areas of importance to HSI: Tools for improved human interactions with automated reasoning and inference systems under constraints. Automated diagnosis and decision support, automated learning. Enable user navigation of systems involving complex and noisy data and decision systems. Learning-theory-based techniques for predictive modeling and anticipatory behavior involving cultural factors. Combination of heuristic and optimization techniques for complex searches, with adaptability to different levels of detail to avoid information overload of the warfighter. Trade-offs between power usage in sensors and displays and choices regarding the range of visual items, human attention, and control. Fundamental requirements and metrics in designing, implementing, and experimenting with complex, interactive, time-critical information systems.
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs Enhanced, interactive, mixed-modality models, experiments, and testbeds for more integrated real-time human/system/sensor synergy and database decision support relevant to Air Force goals. In particular, HSI research of importance to information usability and influence operations would include: Simulation of urban and human environments. Behavioral models of individuals, groups, and organizations. Fundamental attributes of information operations testbeds and experimental metrics for evaluating effectiveness. Decision support techniques for addressing partial-solution approximations based on evolving, nonstatic information. Note that some of the HSI research falls squarely in the domain of psychology or sociology. AFOSR already has programs that are joint between IS&T and psychology, and the committee recommends that this interface continue to be strengthened and broadened. PRIORITIES FOR AFOSR IS&T RESEARCH The committee recommends that AFOSR prioritize its IS&T research in networks, communications, information management, software, and HIS, as shown in Table ES-1. With the current funding available for IS&T (the column headed “Stable”) the committee recommends that networks, communications, and HSI research merit the highest priority, while information management and software research portfolios would be better able to weather any forced reductions in the level of effort. The committee is not saying that the latter two research areas are less important to the Air Force. Rather, it is the committee’s judgment that if cutbacks are required, reductions in those programs would do the least harm in limiting future options. If the overall IS&T funding dropped by 10 percent, the committee would give software the lowest priority only because other organizations, and commercial enterprises, are doing some related research. If overall funding increases by 10 percent, the priority for information management research should be raised a notch. Finally, if overall IS&T funding were to increase by 25 percent, the committee recommends a balanced portfolio drawn from the particular research recommendations earlier in this summary. See also the footnotes to Table ES-1 for additional interpretative notes. Because all of the major research areas listed in Table ES-1 contribute synergistically to the future fielding of team-focused, network-enabled systems, progress toward that vision is dependent on a balanced research effort across all five areas. As implied by Table ES-1, the overall funding
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs TABLE ES-1 Relative Priorities Under Four Funding Scenarios IS&T Topic 10% Reduction Stable 10% Increase 25% Increase Networks H H H H Communications H H H H Information management M M H H Software L M M H Human-system interactions H H H H Note: “H” means the general topic is a high priority, and its funding should be protected or increased. “M” means the general topic is of medium priority for AFOSR support, given the contributions by other players, not that it is of medium importance to the AFOSR. “L” means that funding in that area should be sacrificed so that a critical level of effort can be supported in other areas. “L” does not mean that the topic is not of importance to the Air Force, only that if resources are tight, it is a reasonable candidate for cuts because other organizations are contributing to the topic and/or the challenge is so great that a small AFOSR effort is unlikely to lead to significant progress. These priorities pertain to the five general research areas listed in the left-hand column as weighed only against one another, not against other programs funded by AFOSR’s Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate. The priorities are meant to show the committee’s consensus on which of the areas to (de)emphasize if there are any changes in funding. The priorities take into account not only the importance of the research but also the relative need for Air Force-specific research. They reflect the committee’s general sense of what can be meaningfully accomplished within the funding scenarios posited, but the committee did not develop a detailed estimate of the resources required for each of the research topics in the left-hand column. level for basic research in IS&T will not support such a broad, balanced effort unless there is a significant increase. Therefore, the committee recommends a significant increase in IS&T funding within AFOSR centered on research to support team-focused, network-enabled systems of Air Force interest. The committee also recommends that AFOSR consider designating some topics as grand challenges as a means of focusing its IS&T research, motivating the academic research community, and connecting that research to Air Force goals. Topics designated as grand challenges would be ones for which there is a recognizable gap in the knowledge base that would be properly addressed by a cross-disciplinary community of basic researchers; the grand challenge will help give that community an identity and thus strengthen its coherence. These grand challenges should be defined in terms that are recognizable to the basic research community, but AFOSR should also be able to map the grand challenges to future Air Force technologies. The grand challenges are not part of, nor do they compete with, the AFRL’s focused long-term challenges (which are more ori-
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs ented toward technologies), but they should link to them. Building a program around grand challenges quite naturally facilitates new interdisciplinary research communities: “interdisciplinary,” because the breadth of the challenges calls for varied expertise, and “naturally,” because the associated researchers are interested in the whole range of efforts addressing the grand challenge. The committee recommends that AFOSR consider the following as possible grand challenges, but this list is by no means exhaustive: Control of multiple UAVs. Research to enable the control of multiple UAVs by one human in mixed manned-unmanned airspace, in contrast to today’s requirement for many humans for a single UAV in carefully deconflicted manned and unmanned airspace. Taskable airborne network. Research to enable cost-effective and rapidly deployable tactical intelligence networks in urban environments, where the nodes generally are sensors carried on UAVs or lighter-than-air vehicles and the networks are taskable by ground-and air-based commanders. Mixed-reality training environments. Research to enable training for air crews, command post staff, and commanders in an environment of such fidelity that it would be indistinguishable from the real world (and in fact would sometimes involve the real world—hence “mixed” rather than “virtual” or “augmented”). The computer tools used in such training environments should be the same as those used in the real world. An automated Air Operation Center staff assistant. Research to enable software that can learn from being told, much as human staff members learn on the job. Rapid system integration. Research to enable the rapid integration of IT-based systems, such as those belonging to different members of ad hoc coalitions. This research would encompass HSI, networks and communications, security, software, and information management. FUNDING MECHANISMS AFOSR’s current IS&T research is supported through a range of funding mechanisms, and the committee found that each of those mechanisms provides value and that the AFOSR program managers are doing a good job of making use of them. The committee does not recommend any hard-and-fast rules for balancing the various funding mechanisms; rather, it encourages continued flexibility and is comfortable with the current mix. The committee did observe, though, that it would be beneficial for AFOSR to increase the number of young investigators who are aware of Air Force
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs challenges. Therefore, it recommends that the Air Force consider establishing a mechanism for young investigator awards so as to raise its visibility within that group of IS&T researchers. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS The committee observed that AFOSR’s IS&T portfolio is difficult to pin down because it is distributed among various programs in two AFOSR directorates. The committee recommends that AFOSR identify IS&T as a major topic within the Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate and, as IS&T investment increases, establish a separate directorate with that single focus. It also recommends that all human-system and human effects research be consolidated within that IS&T directorate because of the critical importance of HSI to the effectiveness of complex Air Force systems. As the IS&T program grows, the committee sees an opportunity for AFOSR to try new mechanisms for recruiting program managers, especially by reaching out to the broader IS&T community. Mechanisms such as the Intergovernmental Personnel Act and the Experimental Personnel Hiring Authority can be very useful for bringing in both program managers and higher-level staff. Finally, the committee urges AFOSR to work with other parts of the Air Force to establish testbeds that will allow researchers and Air Force users to experiment with prototype IS&T concepts and systems. Besides the inherent benefit of experimental science, such an approach would provide an intellectual crossroads between the scientific and operational community to support the scientific discovery process. The committee uses the label “distributed research and experimentation environment” (DREE) to describe a shared computation infrastructure that supports experimentation within a community of researchers. The committee believes that DREEs would be useful for each area of research cited in this report. A DREE for information management, for instance, would enable the associated community—including universities, AFRL laboratories, and perhaps federally funded R&D centers—to create sample data sets and develop associated queries that illustrate how the data are to be integrated. A DREE related to network-centric systems would allow exercises from which concrete performance requirements could be generated; those requirements are difficult to identify otherwise. While exercises are ongoing, operational Air Force participants can clarify their real, not hypothetical, needs; IS&T applied researchers can investigate engineering issues with the prototype network; basic researchers in IS&T can experiment with fundamental changes (e.g., to communication protocols); and HSI researchers can instrument the experiments and learn from them.
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Basic Research in Information Science and Technology for Air Force Needs The DREE approach to promoting experimental science should not be prohibitively expensive, because the necessary network infrastructure is rapidly falling into place and there is the possibility of leveraging investment in testbeds made by other AFRL directorates. For example, a research version of the Distributed Mission Training environment housed in AFRL’s Human Effectiveness Directorate might support experimental science in areas ranging from control of UAVs to decision making in real-time environments. The committee’s recommendation is that basic research funds not be used to establish DREEs, only to support the involvement of researchers.
Representative terms from entire chapter:


text: The molecular mechanisms underlying the reduced penetrance seen in the nonsense-mediated decayCpositive (NMD+) mutationCassociated hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) remain unknown. tested and confirmed in the ABLIM1 same cells initially subjected to the expression analysis using quantitative biochemical detection of ROS concentration. We conclude that expression of the PAH penetrance signature represents an increased risk of developing clinical HPAH and that ROS formation may play a role in pathogenesis of HPAH. These results provide the first molecular insights into NMD+ related HPAH penetrance and highlight the potential utility of cMap analyses in pulmonary research. mutations are known to cause hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH), only 20% of mutation carriers get disease. We present the first expression analysis of patients with HPAH and carriers (with NMD+ mutations). Our study clearly demonstrates that a layered bioinformatics approach using cMap analysis can generate meaningful data and testable hypotheses. Our data suggest that ROS formation may be a determinant of HPAH penetrance. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, fatal disease, and most patients with PAH have a poor prognosis despite standard-of-care therapies (1). PAH is characterized by vascular remodeling of the distal pulmonary arteries (100C200 M in size) MLN9708 via smooth muscle hypertrophy and intimal endothelial cell proliferation, effectively decreasing the surface area of the pulmonary vasculature (2, 3). The resulting increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leads to the failure of a progressively overloaded right ventricle and, eventually, death. The heritable form of PAH MLN9708 (HPAH) is usually (>80% of the time) due to germline mutations in the (as well (5, 12C15). In HPAH, mutations can produce stable transcripts or premature termination codons, resulting in the mutated transcript becoming rapidly degraded through the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway (8). NMD is an mRNA monitoring system that degrades transcripts comprising premature termination codons to prevent translation of unneeded or harmful transcripts (9). Therefore, individuals with PAH with NMD-positive (NMD+) mutations have disease due to haploinsufficiency, whereas individuals whose mutations are NMD bad (NMD?) may have disease due to a dominating bad mechanism. mutations constitute the largest known risk for developing PAH; however, relatives within HPAH kindreds who are mutation service providers have only a 20% chance of developing the disease. We have previously shown the manifestation of nonmutated wild-type allele transcript may be one molecular mechanism of this observed reduced penetrance; however, it is likely that there are unfamiliar additional factors and pathways that influence disease risk (10, 11). Recognition of such pathways that differ between affected mutation service providers and unaffected mutation service providers represents a strategy for gaining additional molecular insights into HPAH penetrance and possible discovery of fresh treatment options. Earlier approaches to determine molecular pathways important in HPAH penetrance have relied on cells collected in end-stage disease (typically during autopsy or transplant), all profoundly jeopardized by drug and end-stage disease effects. While providing significant contributions to our understanding of end stage HPAH, these methods are open to the genuine criticism that end-stage lung changes MLN9708 may not reflect initiating disease mechanisms (12). The Large Institute’s Connectivity Map (cMap) is definitely a public database (www.broad.mit.edu/cmap/) that contains approximately 7,000 gene manifestation profiles from four cell linesMCF7 (breast malignancy epithelial cell collection), Personal computer3 (prostate malignancy epithelial cell collection), HL60 (myeloid cell collection), and SLMEL5 (melanoma cell collection)treated with over 1,300 FDA-approved small-molecule medicines. The cMap is based on the hypothesis that a connection can be made between a disease process, a disease-modifying gene, and a drug that influences the expression of that gene (13C15). Of particular relevance to this study is that the pathways affected were not particularly sensitive to cell type (14). By knowing the molecular focuses on/effects of the drug, the shared gene manifestation profile between the drug and the disease can thus point to potentially useful biochemical and cellular pathways to investigate further as disease modifiers. Therefore, the cMap database is MLN9708 definitely a hypothesis generation tool that cannot provide clues toward possible treatment options and uncover fresh potential pathways of importance in the disease of interest. To identify molecular pathways that might contribute to disease penetrance, we compared expression profiles of cultured lymphocytes (CLs).

domain: health


text:
Chapter 0312 Arrival
The Holy City of Marlomar is surrounded by several satellite towns, and further outside of these cities are dungeons in the north, south, east, and west.
The dungeons are not at equal distances… the north dungeon is about a three-hour walk from the Holy City of Marlomar.
The area around the north dungeon had developed into a small town.
As adventurers come to the dungeon, stores were built to cater to them.
Along with inns for both adventurers and merchants.
And apparently, there are also guild offices for these adventurers.
As for whether they were the same as the ones in the Central Nations was anyone’s guess….
At any rate, the mission would be heading straight to the Holy City of Marlomar.
They didn’t even enter the town, which is conveniently called the North Dungeon Town, but continued down a road that runs a short distance away from it.
“I wonder if the Great Tidal Bore also occurs in that dungeon.”
The priests, Etho and Zeke, replied, “That’s a good question”, to Amon’s muttering as they flipped through the ‘Travel Guide’.
However, it seemed that there was not much information on it.
“I certainly hope not.”
Niels then nodded and muttered to Etho’s wishful thinking.
“It’s not easy dealing with that event.”
Three hours later, the mission arrived safely at the north gate of the Holy City of Marlomar.
The Holy City of Marlomar is a megacity with many gates, of which the North Gate is one of the largest.
And above all… the ones guarding the gates….
Ryo exclaimed unintentionally.
Two on each side of the gate, a total of four Golems were standing there.
Three meters in height… almost the same size as the golems of the Duchy.
They stood with their swords thrust into the ground in front of their bodies, their hands on the hilts.
However, they seemed to be motionless.
“Huh? I thought the golems would do some kind of identity check or search for suspicious objects…”
“It appears they don’t.”
“I heard that the gates of the Holy City of Marlomar are always open. It says here that believers from all over the Western Countries can enter the Holy City at any time.”
Ryo looked as if his guess was off, Niels affirmed it, and Etho provided information from the ‘Travel Guide’.
“F-Fine then. If they won’t move, I can always get up close and take a good look at…”
Niels grabbed Ryo, who was trying to approach the golem, and dragged him back to the line.
The somewhat familiar scene was being repeated.
“Niels, please don’t stop me!”
“Like hell I won’t. The mission is about to enter the castle.”
The Empire delegation, the Union delegation, and the Kingdom delegation were to enter the Holy City of Marlomar in that order and attend a welcoming ceremony at the Papal Palace.
“Then go ahead. I’ll stay back and observe the golem…”
“Give it up.”
Ryo resisted, and Niels caught him.
After several exchanges, Ryo eventually gave in.
“Well, the golems aren’t going anywhere.”
He told himself that and backed down…
The other six were smiling as usual.
The welcoming ceremony for the mission of the Central Nations at the Papal Palace.
Ryo and the others stood in line, waiting for the ceremony to get underway.
The Kingdom delegation was behind the Empire’s and the Union’s, with Room 10 and 11 at the very end of the line.
The carriages were, of course, parked outside the banquet hall, and the civilian officials who rode in the carriages were also in line.
It was quite a distance to the Pope from the very end of the line….
“I can’t see the Pope’s face at all.”
“Not when we’re this far out.”
“Being the head of the Western Church, I guess his magic must be amazing too.”
Niels blurted out, Etho affirmed, and Amon expressed his excitement.
The three from Room 11 also nodded their heads.
Only Ryo, however, was tilting his head repeatedly.
Priest Etho saw that and asked:
“What’s the matter, Ryo?”
“Hmm~ how should I say this, it’s hard to put in words, but… something feels strange.”
“Yeah. I don’t really know how to put this, but… the Pope… kinda feels hollow inside.”
Niels and Amon, both tilt their heads in a questioning manner.
From what the six people other than Ryo could see, the Pope’s face was barely visible, but his movements seemed normal as was the way he addressed the Commanders…
In the end, Ryo’s unsettled feelings remained unresolved, and before the six of them could even understand it, the welcoming ceremony for the mission ended without incident.
The Empire, Union, and Kingdom delegations moved to their assigned lodgings.
The assigned inn was huge and adjacent to the Papal Palace.
The inns of the three countries were side by side.
Since the Holy City of Marlomar is the headquarters of the Western Church, it often receives envoys from abroad.
The inns adjacent to the Papal Palace were often used on such occasions.
Priest Zeke was the one who obtained the information.
Since he’s very capable.
“Finally… we’re here, aren’t we?”
Niels opened a dialogue with that as they entered the inn and got to their rooms.
“Yeah. It took more than a month one way… yeap, that’s quite long alright.”
Etho nodded as he answered.
“Yeah, but it wasn’t any harder than a regular escort quest, was it?”
Amon answered happily.
“Surely after this, meteorites will rain down from the sky, rivers will turn blood red, a plague of locusts will descend, and the nightly cries of parents whose eldest sons have been killed will fill the Holy City.”
“Please quit making up sinister tales.”
Ryo frighteningly narrated the story and Niels denied it with a frown.
“…Anyway, our work as escort adventurers is basically over until the Pope’s inauguration ceremony in three months. I mean, since they said that matters relating to security in the Holy City, including lodgings and transportation of the civilian officials to and from the Papal Palace, will be the responsibility of the Van De Vie Theocracy.”
“Put another way, we’ll be under surveillance… though, they’ve been watching us since the moment we entered the Theocracy.”
Etho said, to which Niels replied, remembering how people were watching around the inn every night after they entered Van De Vie Theocracy.
“I don’t blame them. They’re letting a suspicious person like Niels into their country under the cover of one of the escort detail of the mission. The least they can do is keep an eye on your movements.”
“Me, you mean you, right?”
“Perish the thought, a harmless and gentle water-attribute magician like me, like, take a look at me.”
Ryo said proudly and dignified.
But none of the six present there acknowledged it.
Ryo lamented the lack of understanding of those around him….
The quarters assigned to the Union delegation.
The commander’s room.
Inside the room was former king Roberto Pirlo, the commander of the Union delegation, and Guard Captain Groen.
“So that’s the Pope, uh…”
Roberto Pirlo muttered as he recalled the welcoming ceremony earlier.
Guard Captain Groen called out to him.
“He just might be… a double.”
“A double? You mean that wasn’t the real Pope?”
Groen was surprised at Roberto Pirlo’s words.
It’s only natural.
It would be unthinkable to have a fraud welcome for a delegation that had finally arrived after such a long journey.
Then again, what is common sense in the Central Nations may not necessarily apply in the Western Countries….
“He is too ordinary to be a pope, nah… worse than ordinary… more like a puppet…”
“B-But, he spoke to all the commanders of the delegations, including Your Majesty, right?”
“Yeah. That’s exactly why… I just can’t for the life of me believe that that was the pinnacle of the Western Church that unites the Western Countries…”
Roberto Pirlo shook his head several times when he said that.
Roberto Pirlo was a former king, but he was also a well-known magician in the Central Nations.
No, not just well-known…but a top-class magician in the Union.
Which was precisely why he could tell.
The Pope’s impotence.
“As the head of the Western Church, he must be able to use light-attribute magic. Far better than the average person, too. Naturally. And if you are a magician, you will inevitably leak a little bit of magic from your body… or should I say, emanate magic. And that goes double the stronger the magician. But I didn’t feel any of that at all from the Pope…”
The undeniable magic leak that’s emitted by strong magicians….
But then Roberto Pirlo remembered.
The only exception he knew of.
Then, smiling slightly, he said:
“No, the premier duke of the Kingdom doesn’t leak magic, come to think of it…”
He remembered that Ryo, unexpectedly, did not leak out magic as he sat around the stone table at the coffee party that evening.
Of course, he knew beforehand that he was a powerful magician….
“I guess there are exceptions like him…”
It was the first time in his seventy-plus years of living that he had ever experienced such a thing.
The powerful magicians he had fought… such as Ilarion Baraha of the Kingdom, or Arthur Verasis, were ‘clad’ in magic.
Of course, it was on another level compared to that of the run-of-the-mill magicians today… it felt like they were veiled in intricately woven magic….
Just confronting them was so terrifying that he felt as if his blood was freezing… as he recalled.
The premier duke of the Kingdom, Ryo, however, was different.
“Yeah, he felt… gentle… I didn’t feel any magic, but… perhaps, it was his aura…?”
Thinking about it, Roberto Pirlo shook his head several times.
Then he continued.
“No worries. We have three months until the inauguration. That’s more than enough time to dispel some of our doubts.”

domain: geography


text:
We studied 17,576 members of 166 MLH1 and 224 MSH2 mutation-carrying families from the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Average cumulative risks of colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer (EC), and other cancers for carriers were estimated using modified segregation analysis conditioned on ascertainment criteria. Heterogeneity in risks was investigated using a polygenic risk modifier. Average CRC cumulative risks at the age of 70 years (95% confidence intervals) for MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers, respectively, were estimated to be 34% (25%–50%) and 47% (36%–60%) for male carriers and 36% (25%–51%) and 37% (27%–50%) for female carriers. Corresponding EC risks were 18% (9.1%–34%) and 30% (18%–45%). A high level of CRC risk heterogeneity was observed (P < 0.001), with cumulative risks at the age of 70 years estimated to follow U-shaped distributions. For example, 17% of male MSH2 mutation carriers have estimated lifetime risks of 0%–10% and 18% have risks of 90%–100%. Therefore, average risks are similar for the two genes but there is so much individual variation about the average that large proportions of carriers have either very low or very high lifetime cancer risks. Our estimates of CRC and EC cumulative risks for MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers are the most precise currently available.
If you can't find a tool you're looking for, please click the link at the top of the page to "Go to old article view". Alternatively, view our Knowledge Base articles for additional help. Your feedback is important to us, so please let us know if you have comments or ideas for improvement.

domain: literature


New York City
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Stay abreast of discount offers for great theater, on Broadway or in select cities.
Singer Jennifer Grimm presents her new show, All of Me, which presents the multi-faceted vocal talent of Grimm, from old blues, R&B and Broadway classics to jazz standards, originals and a sweet collection of lullabies.


Lug Bolts and Studs and Nuts (don't go there!!)
The overlander and others of the same era have lug bolts with a 1/2'x20 RH thread. Fairly common at most auto stores.
To mount alloy wheels on an older coach I believe the best way is to replace the bolts with studs of the proper thread. These are to be installed from the outside of the brake drum. Make sure the stud does not extend into the braking surface as that is where the magnets make contact with the drum. This is not too hard to do as wheel studs come in many lengths. Studs should be a couple of dollars each for wheel quality studs.
For the lug nut you might consider McGuard lug nut kits designed for alloy wheels. These cost around $50 for a set of 24 which would serve well the 2 axle trailer owner. The nut is steel, conical, chrome plated and designed for alloy only. A near perfect solution.
Old trucks and old trailers . . . a comfortable combination!
A-6E All Weather Attack Driver, BUFF
USN Aircraft Maintenance Officer, Ret.
'91 Suburban R-2500 w/BBC
'78 Honda GL-1000
'72 Triumph T-100R Daytona


The co-founder of the failed Terraform project has been sentenced to spend four months in a Montenegro prison, which includes his time in custody.
Recall that Kwon was caught at a local airport trying to flee the country with a fake Costa Rican passport.
- The Basic Court in Podgorica announced on June 19 that Do Kwon was found guilty of carrying a fake passport, and his verdict is four months in prison. However, that also includes the time he spent in custody from March 23 to June 15. As such, his actual time in prison might be roughly a month.
- Terraform’s former Chief Financial Officer – Han Chang-joon – received the same sentence, even though Kwon claimed that Chang-joon was innocent and only he should carry out the sentence. Both were caught at an airport in March, trying to leave the country with fake passports.
- Should the two former Terraform execs disagree with the sentence, they will have the right to appeal within eight days of receiving the copy of the verdict.
- After the loud collapse of the Terra ecosystem last year, Kwon disappeared and evaded the authorities for several months, despite claiming that he was open to talking about what happened.
- However, none of that transpired, he was issued a Red Notice from Interpol, but he managed to escape for months before finally getting arrested in the European country.
- Earlier this week, he said he didn’t know the Costa Rican passport he was traveling with was fake. However, Kwon also had a Belgium one, which contained a different name and date of birth.
- Despite the sentencing by the Basic Court in Podgorica now, the question still remains whether the country’s authorities will decide to deport Kwon to South Korea or the US to face justice in either nation.


text:
A selection of tools and information resources you may find useful
Dancing Through Life: A Guide to Living Well is the title of a self-published book by neurological and pain specialist physiotherapist, yoga teacher and wellness coach Ann Parkinson who describes it as a practical guide that aims to empower people to make changes that maximise their health and wellbeing. ISBN: 979-8676161156
The pelvic floor explained
In this new Ask The Physio film from the CSP, pelvic health physiotherapist Katie Mann explains what the pelvic floor is and why doing regular exercises are important to keep it healthy and strong. Visit: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jo0n7O3voN4
ACP workplace supervision films
The Centre for Advancing Practice guidance ‘Workplace Supervision for Advanced Clinical Practice: An integrated multi-professional approach for practitioner development’ is brought to life in a series of nine videos. These will be particularly useful for those who may just be starting to think about what is required for supervision of the multiple professions now developing in dvanced practice. Follow the link here to find out more and view the videos.
After being admitted to hospital with coronavirus, children’s author Michael Rosen was put into an induced coma and spent six weeks on a ventilator. In this book he provides a personal account of his recovery and the rehab he received that helped him learn to walk again. The author says the story is a tribute to the physios and OTs who treated him, and the book is dedicated to all the medical staff who helped him get better. ISBN: 978-1529502404
Respiratory surge in children
If you come across resources and tools you would like to share with other clinicians please send them to email@example.com
A free E-learning for Healthcare programme on respiratory surge in children aims to provide content that is appropriate for various settings where a child will present with respiratory illness. These include home, primary and community care, and across the acute hospital environment.
Resources appearing on this page are not necessarily endorsed by the CSP
Number of subscribers: 1

domain: medical


text:
Difference Between Anticodon and Codon | Difference Between | Anticodon vs Codon
Importantly, individual codon targets were not inspected a priori to . S2C), suggesting a functional relationship between RBS occupancy and cell fitness S5D) while changing both RBS motif strength and amino acid identity. Identify the relationship between codons and amino acids Codons are sets of from Advanced Learning objectives After the gene expression lectures, students. In protein-coding genes, synonymous codon usage and amino acid composition .. to assess the relationship between Fop and amino acid in and of itself. . The goal of this analysis was to determine whether orthologs to.
There are three more codons that do not specify amino acids. Each mRNA contains a series of codons nucleotide triplets that each specifies an amino acid.
Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Protein Translation - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
The correspondence between mRNA codons and amino acids is called the genetic code. Overview of translation How is an mRNA "read" to make a polypeptide? Two types of molecules with key roles in translation are tRNAs and ribosomes. The other end of the tRNA carries the amino acid specified by the codons. There are many different types of tRNAs.
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Each type reads one or a few codons and brings the right amino acid matching those codons. Image modified from " Translation: Ribosomes Ribosomes are the structures where polypeptides proteins are built. Each ribosome has two subunits, a large one and a small one, which come together around an mRNA—kind of like the two halves of a hamburger bun coming together around the patty.
The ribosome provides a set of handy slots where tRNAs can find their matching codons on the mRNA template and deliver their amino acids. These slots are called the A, P, and E sites. Not only that, but the ribosome also acts as an enzyme, catalyzing the chemical reaction that links amino acids together to make a chain. Want to learn more about the structure and function of tRNAs and ribosomes? Check out the tRNA and ribosomes article! Steps of translation Your cells are making new proteins every second of the day.
And each of those proteins must contain the right set of amino acids, linked together in just the right order. That may sound like a challenging task, but luckily, your cells along with those of other animals, plants, and bacteria are up to the job.
To see how cells make proteins, let's divide translation into three stages: This setup, called the initiation complex, is needed in order for translation to get started. Neighboring primers are also required to induce mRNA transcription and ribosome binding. It was originally thought that the genetic code is universal and that all organisms interpreted a codon as the same amino acid. Although this is the case in general, some rare differences in the genetic code have been identified.
Other examples of unusual codons have been found in Protozoans. Difference Between Anticodon and Codon 1.
BOLO Biology Newsletter Archive: Codons, Anticodons & Amino Acids
The anticodons are the link between the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of the protein. The codons transfer the genetic information from the nucleus where the DNA is located to the ribosomes where the protein synthesis is performed.
The anticodon is located in the Anticodon arm of the molecule of tRNA. The anticodon is complementary to the respective codon.
One tRNA contains one anticodon. One mRNA contains a number of codons. Link between the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of the protein.
Transfers the genetic information from the nucleus where the DNA is located to the ribosomes where the protein synthesis is performed. Located in the molecule of tRNA.
Complementary to the codon. On one end of the tRNA, you will find an anti-codon. Anti-codons are complimentary to codons. Codon 1 reads AUG. Would these be antiparallel? Oppisite the anticodon, you will find a binding site for a specific amino acid. There is a class of enzymes capable of attaching an amino acid to a tRNA: Below is a very basic cartoon of how an amino acid is added to a tRNA.
Note that an ATP is needed to complete the binding. Below is a diagram showing the pairing of codon to anticodon. The diagram also contains a version of the Genetic Code table, showing the relationship between codon and amino acid. Note that three codons are referred to as STOP codons: These are used to terminate translation; they indicate the end of the gene's coding region. What would happen if you lost a Stop codon? Challenge How the change of one amino acid caused the configuration change in the protein.

domain: chemistry


text:
In the details bride Kirstin sent to her photographer for submission to us, she shared that she thought her union to Mark at the Old Mill in Pennsylvania was so magical it felt as though they were exchanging their vows in an enchanted secret garden. We would most certainly agree!
Personally I’m in love with their ceremony arch complete with a glamorous chandelier, isn’t it dazzling? And with photography by Ashlee Mintz Photography and lovely floral creations by Fresh Designs Florist, we think this secret garden wedding is without a doubt pretty darn magical!
Photographer: Ashlee Mintz Photography // Floral Designer: Fresh Designs Florist // Band: Love Jones Band // Dress Designer: Mori Lee // Invitation Designer: Paper tree studio // Musicians: String Variations // Cake Designer: The Master’s Baker // Hair Stylist: vcsalonspa // Event Venue: the Old Mill // Submitted via Two Bright Lights
From the bride:
What was your favorite part of the day?
The whole day was incredible but my favorite part was finally marrying Mark and sharing our vows, which we co-wrote, in the most beautiful setting- reminded me of the Secret Garden. We had been dating for 4 years, all long-distance, and were even further apart during several deployments. I know I could not wait to live together and end the distance. We were also so happy about the weather! I was nervous about the weather all week and it ended up being a high of 78 in the middle of July!
What made you choose the old mill for your venue?
As we drove up the long driveway of the Old Mill, we knew it was the right venue. It has a fairy tale feel; the building itself is covered in ivy and the property is full of trees, bamboo, open fields and a small creek. The reception area is beautiful, very natural with stone walls and tall wooden beams along the ceiling. We were searching for exactly that- a natural environment. And we are food lovers and could not have been more pleased with Connor Catering- very unique plate designs and delicious food!
What was your favorite detail of the day?
It’s difficult to choose just one, but I loved the stone patio filled with twinkling lights. It was a great space to get some fresh air and cool off from all the dancing, as well as take some great group shots! And the décor, gorgeous flowers and moss everywhere, really gave the reception a forest feel.
What made you want to have an outdoor ceremony and what inspired your chandelier?
Mark and I love the outdoors and being surrounded by nature. We both knew we wanted to be married outdoors, even if it came with extra anxiety over the weather! We were prepared to get married outside in the rain; luckily it didn’t come to that. The whole setting was magnificent, from the gorgeous flowers and willow arch to the birds chirping in the background! I am so happy we took a risk and went with an outdoor wedding.
The chandelier was inspired by a picture I saw in a magazine of a chandelier hanging in the forest. It was gorgeous and I fell in love with the idea – adds a bit of glamour to a natural environment. The florist (Sue) did a wonderful job creating my dream ceremony setting.
Thanks for stopping by!

domain: artistic


Constellation's Year of the Can
FILED MARCH 6, 2015
Rob Sands has bought himself a new toy. No, it's not a new jet or a sports car. It's much more expensive and indulgent. It's a canning line. The largest canning line in the world, in fact.
Indeed, Kentucky Gov Will Sign HB 168
FILED MARCH 5, 2015
Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear released a statement yesterday in the wake of Kentucky's anti-branch bill HB 168's full Senate vote passage.
Kentucky Branch Bill Close to Gov's Desk?
FILED MARCH 4, 2015
Yesterday, Kentucky "branch ban" bill HB 168 blocking suppliers from owning wholesalers passed the Senate Licensing and Occupation Committee 8-3. A local reporter on the ground tweeted that it hadn't been read enough times on the floor to get a vote yesterday.
Pabst to Import Tsingtao
FILED MARCH 4, 2015
After recent news that Constellation would relinquish their rights to the Tsingtao brand at the end of June, Tsingtao has just announced selecting Pabst Brewing Company as its exclusive importer in the United States, effective July 1. Terms of the partnership were not disclosed.
A Comprehensive Talk with A-B's Dave Almeida
FILED MARCH 3, 2015
If you read one interview this year from A-B, read this one. BBD caught up with A-B's head of sales Dave Almeida for a comprehensive talk about A-B's performance in 2014, what will be different in 2015, on distributor relations, about enforcing the equity agreement, about branches, about the Maletis situation, about on-premise and c-stores, and more.
Heineken Looking at Greener Pastures
FILED MARCH 2, 2015
‽We work in the most amazing beer industry in the world,” said Heineken USA chief Dolf van den Brink, capping off their National Distributor Sales Meeting at the historic Saenger Theater in New Orleans.
Brito on Branch Strategy
FILED FEBRUARY 27, 2015
ABI chief Carlos Brito fielded callers on new product rollouts, branches and acquisitions on yesterday's earnings call.


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Texas A&M, somehow, found a way to win in the Round of 32 last week.
The Aggies were trailing by double digits with just a minute left in regulation, before going on to not only force one, but two overtimes and stage an NCAA Tournament performance that basketball fans will be talking about for years to go.
It was impressive. It was historic. It also set up a Sweet 16 tilt against Buddy Hield.
That double-digit deficit with one minute left may actually be easier.
Hield has been the spark that has made Oklahoma go all season and few teams have been able to find an answer for his jumpshot this year. So, what are the chances that the Aggies can take down Hield, the rest of the Oklahoma roster and book a spot in the Elite Eight? Read on for a complete breakdown of the odds outlook for the matchup, via OddsShark:
Oklahoma vs. Texas &M Betting Info
Spread: Oklahoma – 2
Moneyline: Oklahoma – 135
Yes, Oklahoma is the favorite. The Sooners, thanks to star Buddy Hield, have become one of the hottest college basketball teams in the country. That, however, does not make them good betting material.
In fact, Oklahoma is just 2-11 ATS in its last 13 games. On the flip side, Texas A&M is 6-2 ATS in the last eight games against teams with winning records and, more importantly, 6-2 ATS in the last eight games against the Sooners.
There is one very interesting odds-based factoid about Oklahoma to consider going into the Sweet 16. The Sooners are 9-2 SU in their last 11 games when coming off three days rest. In other words, OU is going to be ready to put the ball in the basket as soon as this squad comes onto the floor.
Keep an eye on Hield, obviously, but don’t overlook Texas A&M senior Danuel House. After going scoreless in the first half last Sunday, House walked away with double digits in the scoring column and is averaging 24.7 points in the Aggies last three games.

domain: news


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Just in case you didn’t hear about the upcoming divorce of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie from every news channel/the endless Jennifer Aniston gifs/that text from your mum asking if ‘Brangelina’ was a new type of pastry (just me?), Adele took time in her latest gig to remind fans about the news.
During the concert at Madison Square Garden on Tuesday night, the singer told the audience she’d woken up to news about the actors’ divorce and was devastated: “I need to address the elephant in the room… it’s the end of an era.” With that, Adele dedicated her entire show, called 2 Hours of Misery (seriously) to the split.
And Twitter reacted with usual self-restraint…
This story in short: Adele can turn Twitter even weirder.

domain: celebrity


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Uddhav Thackeray Cannot Be Reinstated As Maha CM But Guv Erred In Ordering Floor Test: SC
New Delhi:The Supreme Court Constitution bench on Thursday ruled that the erstwhile Maha Vikas Aghadi government cannot be restored in Maharashtra as then Chief Minister, Uddhav Thackeray, had resigned without facing the floor test.
The bench, however, held that Maharashtra governor erred in ordering a floor test thinking that Uddhav lost majority and the Speaker’s decision to appoint the whip nominated by Eknath Shinde group was also incorrect. It further added that floor test cannot be used to resolve internal party disputes. “Governor ought not to have relied on the letter…the letter did not indicate that Uddhav Thackeray lost support. Exercise of discretion by the Governor was not in accordance with the Constitution.”
Since Thackeray voluntarily resigned, the bench further observed that the Governor was right in allowing the formation of the Ekanth Shinde-led government with the support of BJP. The Speaker has been directed to decide on disqualification petitions within a reasonable time.
The top court added that the 2016 Nabam Rebia case which held that Speaker cannot initiate disqualification proceedings when a resolution seeking his removal is pending, requires reference to a larger bench.
Reacting to the Supreme Court’s observations that the Maharashtra Governor’s decision to call for a floor test in June 2022 was not in accordance to the law, Shiv Sena UBT president Uddhav Thackeray said, “Just like how I resigned on ethics, Eknath Shinde, and this illegal government should also resign on the issue morality”.
Commenting on the SC order, AAP’s SAnjay Singh said, “The appointment of Chief Whip in Maharashtra is a wrong decision taken by him. On the basis of morality, the Shinde government should resign immediately.”
Maharashtra CM Eknath Shinde & Deputy CM Devendra Fadnavis will be holding news conference at 2 pm at Sahyadri, Mumbai, reports added.
Comments are closed.

domain: politics


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KUNSHAN, China (AFP) - Lee Chong Wei's Malaysian squad survived a nail-biting showdown with Asian rivals South Korea at the Thomas Cup in China on Tuesday, after the national women's team crashed out of the concurrent Uber Cup in a tight clash with Denmark.
The world No. 3 led the charge as Malaysia edged out South Korea 3-2 at the world team championship in Kunshan to finish as the top seed from their grouping ahead of the quarter-finals later this week.
The five-time Thomas Cup champions are aiming to break their 24-year drought at the tournament.
In Uber Cup action, Malaysia failed to stir a similar resurgence against Denmark, allowing the Danes to clinch a spot in the quarters after the closely contested 3-2 battle.
In the deciding singles match of the tie, Anne Thea Madsen sent the Malaysians crashing out of the tournament with a 22-24, 21-13, 21-13 win over Ho Yen Mei.
Both competitions feature 16 teams divided into four groups, with the top two in each qualifying for the quarter-finals.

domain: sports


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Aug 04, 2020 · Because the body must metabolize it first, Vyvanse takes longer than Adderall and other amphetamine-based drugs to take effect. Effects typically last 10 to 12 hours, while some studies report up to 14 hours. Prescribed doses range from 20 mg to 70 mg. Vyvanse stimulates your central nervous system and produces several effects, including increased: Boho curtains
Find patient medical information for Vyvanse Oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings.
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Aug 25, 2020 · The maximum daily dose of Vyvanse is 70 mg Feb 19, 2020 · In a controlled trial of VYVANSE in children ages 6 to 12 years (Study 1), mean weight loss from baseline after 4 weeks of therapy was -0.9, -1.9, and -2.5 pounds, respectively, for patients receiving 30 mg, 50 mg, and 70 mg of VYVANSE, compared to a 1 pound weight gain for patients ...
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Apr 12, 2015 · Capsules 70 mg: blue body/orange cap (imprinted with S489 and 70 mg) Reduce by 10% per month to start To forestall withdrawal symptoms, we advise a very conservative tapering schedule: Reduce by 10% per month, calculated on the last dosage.
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I'm a 23 year old female, just graduated college. I've read a couple of the posts on here, especially the ones pertaining to taking vyvanse will not change or "alter" your personality. I have been on 50 MG of Vyvanse for about a year now, and agreed it does help with organizatinal skills and overall MOTIVATION.
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Overall, Adderall and Vyvanse are similarly effective at treating ADHD in children and adults and are generally well-tolerated, even up to daily doses of 70 mg. However, Vyvanse has so far been found to be less addictive.
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Dec 21, 2020 · capsule, which is available in strengths of 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, and 70 mg; Vyvanse is taken once per day. ... You can also develop a tolerance to Vyvanse. This can lead to a ...
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Apr 29, 2020 · Vyvanse, which was introduced in the United States in July 2007 for the treatment of ADHD in children aged 6 to 12 years and approved in April 2008 to treat ADHD in adults, is currently available in six dosage strengths of 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, and 70 mg. To date, more than 6 million Vyvanse prescriptions have been filled, bringing ...
Nov 05, 2013 · After about a year at 70 mg, the anxiety became unbearable, tolerable only when I was alone without any stimulation, and that in itself is intolerable. The doctor dropped my dose to 60 mg with immediate relief.
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<p>Get the facts about using CBD oil for back pain and our top picks for quality products. It can help with hydration and dull, dry, or scarred skin. Here’s everything you need to know to ditch the afternoon slump. Dolder, Patrick C; et al. Detoxification and withdrawal begin approximately simultaneously, but withdrawal persists after detox is complete. Drug-tolerant users have been known to ...
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Vyvanse is also a psychostimulant used in the treatment of ADHD. It contains L-lysine-D-amphetamine or Lisdexamphetamine dimesylate. However, it is the dextro form included in Vyvanse, which has greater bioavailability and produces superior stimulation of the central nervous system.
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18 mg, 27 mg, 36 mg, and 54 mg oral tablets are available. After administration of Concerta, effects can last up to 12 hours. Vyvanse is the brand name for lisdexamfetamine. It is used to treat ADHD as well as moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults.
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1Vyvanse 40 Mg Manufacturer Coupon - 11/2020. $30 off (1 months ago) Vyvanse 40 Mg Coupon. Find the best couponsanddiscouts.com deals and sales Vyvanse Coupon 2020 - NEW - Manufacturer Vyvanse Coupon CODES Get Deal There are two coupons for Vyvanse in 2020: Coupon Value and Save: so I have to pay just $30 for the first 30 capsules, and then I use this Vyvance coupon for about $30 off the second ... Vyvanse (Lisdexamfetamine) is used in patients to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and in children (6 years old and older). Follow the directions for using this medicine provided by your doctor. Vyvanse should be taken in the morning with or without food. Side Effects.How to clean a husqvarna chainsaw carburetorThe largest difference is that you cannot *dome* vyvanse, I have tried it and it burns like hell then does nothing since it requires a protein in your intestines to activate, or so I was told. Anywho, for the trip. One of my buddies stopped by after class around six and we each popped a 70 mg vyvanse. Dec 20, 2014 · Narcolepsy occurs daily. A valid diagnosis of either warrants daily dosing, as Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) works in 1 1/2-2 hours, peaks at ~ 6 hours & wears off in 12-14 hours. Tachyphylaxis or tolerance in ADHD is treated by titrating dose to 70 mg./day, adding non-stimulant medication or changing stimulant. Stata xpose